RARE  WESTERN  BOORS 


:HM  p.v( 


AN     ILLUSTRATED 


HISTORY 


NORTH     IDAHO 


EMBRACING 


i  IZPERCES,IDAH(),LATAH,KOOTE1I^! 


COUNTIES 


STATE    OF     IDAHO 


WESTERN  HISTORICAL  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

1OO3 


PREFATORY. 


DN  offering  this  volume  to  the  public,  its  publishers   can  hardly  hope  that  it  will  in  all  respects  meet 
the  approval  of  those  whose   golden  opinions  are  so  ardently  desired.     The  accuracy  and  com- 
pleteness of  such  a  work  depend  not   alone  on  the  conscientiousness  and  care  of  the  compilers, 
but  more  especially  upon  the  amount  and  quality  of  the  materials  which  happen  to  have  been  pre- 
served.    For  months  the  editorial  force  of  the  company  has  been  searching  with  zeal  and  avidity  for 
everything  which  could  possibly  throw  light  upon  the  past  and  present  of  Nez  Perces,   Idaho,  Latah, 
Kootenai  and  Shoshone  counties.     Their  search  has  not  been  as  successful  as  they  could  wish,  but  they 
have  done  the  best  they  could  under  the  circumstances.      It  is  thought  that  practically  all  printed  matter 
which  directly  or  indirectly  related  to  the  subject  has  been  examined.     Where  no    contemporaneous 
printed  accounts  could  be  found,  the  editors  have  been  compelled  to  rely  upon  the  testimony  of  pioneer 
settlers  who  took  part  in  the  events  which  they  relate.     In  such  cases  they  have,  when  possible,  verified 
the  statements  of  one  man  by  those  of  another,   knowing  how  treacherous  and  deceptive  the  memory 
frequently  proves.    But,  with  all  vigilance,  we  can  not  feel  sure  that  erroneous  statements  have  not  crept 
into  the  volume,  and  we  feel  constrained  to  invoke  the  kind  charity  of  the  reader  to  the  faults  he  may 

The  special  histories  of  Latah  and  Kootenai  counties  were  prepared  by  John  M.  Henderson  alone; 
the  general  chapters  on  North  Idaho  and  the  special  histories  of  Nez  Perces,  Idaho  and  Shoshone  coun- 
ties by  William  S.  Shiach,  assisted  by  Harry  B.  Averill. 

The  compilers  have  almost  invariably  been  received  with  courtesy  by  those  whom  they  have  had 
occasion  to  approach,  and  to  all  who  have  in  any  way  assisted,  their  sincere  gratitude  is  hereby  cordially 
extended.  To  make  specific  acknowledgements  to  everyone  to  whom  they  are  due  is  impossible,  but  we 
must  in  a  special  way  bear  testimony  to  the  kindly  assistance  rendered  by  the  committees  who  have 
perused  the  manuscript  histories  of  the  different  counties,  giving  us  the  benefit  of  their  ripe  knowledge 
and  experience. 

Special  acknowledgements  are  due  the  Lewiston  Teller,  the  Lewiston  Tribune,  the  Nez  Perce 
News,  the  Idaho  County  Free  Press,  the  Grangeville  Standard,  the  Spokesman-Review,  of  Spokane,  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Sun,  the  Wallace  Press,  the  North  Idaho  Star,  the  Moscow  Mirror,  the  Rathdrum  Tribune, 
and  to  the  various  other  newspapers  whose  names  are  to  be  found  in  the  chapter  on  the  press,  for  the  use 
of  valuable  files,  without  which  a  work  of  this  character  would  be  impossible.  The  congressional  re- 
ports have  given  us  valuable  assistance,  as  have  also  the  works  of  the  various  geologists  who,  under  the 
direction  of  the  department  of  the  interior,  have  made  geological  and  topographical  surveys  of  various 
portions  of  north  Idaho.  Works  in  the  Lewiston,  Spokesman-Review  and  Wallace  libraries  have  been 
pressed  into  service,  and  to  the  librarians  of  these  libraries  the  thanks  of  the  publishers  is  extended. 
They  are  also  grateful  to  various  state  and  county  officials  for  courtesies  cheerfully  accorded  in  directing 
the  compilers  to  sources  of  official  information  and  in  some  instances  making  investigations  for  them. 


ENDORSEMENTS. 


We,  the  undersigned,  pioneer  citizens  of  Nez  Perces  County,  Idaho,  hereby  certify  that  we  have  read  the  manuscript  his- 
tory of  said  county  to  be  published  by  the  Western  Historical  Publishing  Company  with  histories  of  the  other  counties  of  north 
Idaho;  that  we  have  called  the  attention  of  its  author  to  such  errors  and  oversights  as  our  knowledge  of  events,  gained  by  personal 
participation,  has  enabled  us  to  detect,  and  that  we  have  found  it  an  accurate,  impartial  and  comprehensive  history,  evidently  the 
result  of  careful  and  extended  research. 

Signed— JAMES  W.  FOE,      . 
JOHN  P.  VOLLMER, 
CHARLES  G.  KRESS. 
Lewiston,  Idaho,  June  1,  1903.  

We,  the  undersigned,  pioneer  citizens  of  Idaho  County,  hereby  certify  that  we  have  read  the  manuscript  history  of  said 
county  to  be  published  by  the  Western  Historical  Publishing  Company,  together  with  histories  of  the  other  counties  of  north 
Idaho,  and  that  we  have  called  the  attention  of  its  author  to  such  slight  errors  as  our  knowledge  of  events  has  enabled  us  to 

found  it   an  authentic,   impartial   and  comprehensive  treatise   upon  the  subject  and  as  such  we  accord  it  our  unreserved  com- 
mendation. 

Signed— JAMES  WITT, 

CHARLES  P.  CONE, 
A.  F.  PARKER. 
Grangeville,  Idaho,  May  4,  1903. 

The  undersigned,  pioneer  settlers  of  Shoshone  County,  Idaho,  hereby  certify  that  they  have  read  the  history  of  said  county 
tion  of  its  compilers  to  such  slight  errors  as  they  noticed.  They  cheerfully  testify  that  the  work  is,  to  the  best  of  their  knowledge 

Signed— EDWARD  H.  MOFFITT, 
CHARLES  MANLEY, 
A.  D.  McKiNLAY, 

For  the  Coeur  d'Alenes. 
I.  B.  COWEN  (County  Commissioner), 

For  southern  Shoshone  County. 
Wallace,  Idaho,  July  25,  1903. 


We,  the  undersigned,  pioneer  citizens  of  Kootenai  County,  Idaho,  have  read  the  manuscript  history  of  said  county,  to  be 
published  by  the  Western  Historical  Publishing  Company.  Long  residence  in  the  county,  deep  interest  in  its  progress  and  active 
participation  in  many  of  the  events  which  constitute  the  record  of  its  development,  enable  us  to  judge  fairly  the  merits  of  the  work. 

as  a  standard   history  of  the  county  we  give  it  our  unqualified  endorsement. 

Signed— M.  D.  WRIGHT, 
J.  G.  BROPHY, 
A.  W.  POST. 
Rathdrum,  Idaho,  June  2,  1903.  


We,  the  undersigned,  citizens  of  Latah  County,  Idaho,  having  been  selected  as  a  committee  to  pass  judgment  on  the  merits 
of  the  history  of  said  county  to  be  published  by  the  Western  Historical  Publishing  Company  do  hereby  certify  as  follows: 

We  are  pioneer  residents  of  the  county,  have  always  taken  especial  interest  in  its  development,  and  have  been  active  par- 
ticipants in  all  events,  the  record  of  which  constitutes  its  history.  We  have  read  the  manuscript  narrative  of  these  events  and  it 

liable,  and  is  a  standard  history  of  Latah  County  from  the  date  of  its  settlement  to  the  present  time. 

Signed— J.  L.  NAYLOR, 

ROBERT  H.  BARTON, 
SAMUEL  J.  LANGDON. 

Moscow,  Idaho,  July  27,  1903. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTORY. 

ospective— Sixteenth  Century  Explorations  in  the  Northwest— Eighteenth  Century  Discoveries— Early  Commercial  En- 
erprises— Astoria  a  British  Possession — Repossessed  by  the  United  States — Superlative  Absolutism  of  the  Hudson  Bay 
Zompany— Advent  of  Methodist  Missionaries  in  the  Northwest— The  Oregon  Controversy— Joint  Occupancy  Treaty  Con- 
inued— "  Fifty-Four  Forty  or  Fight  "—Sacrifices  of  United  States  for  Sake  of  Peace— Imminent  Danger  of  War  with 
}reat  Britain— Emperor  William  of  Germany  Arbitrates  the  Dispute 


GENERAL  NORTH  IDAHO  HISTORY. 

CHAPTER   I. 
PERIOD  OF  PLACER  MINING. 

overies-Indian  Legends  Concerning  Mysterious  Treasure— Colonel  E.  D.  Price  Finds 
i  Opposition  Prevents  His  Prosecution  of  Mining — Deluge  of  Humanity  into  Nez 
Perces  Country- Indians  Unwillingly  Sign  a  Treaty— Steamboat  Explorations  in  1861— Opening  of  Oro  Fino  and  Oro 
Grande  Mining  Regions — Average  Earnings  of  Placer  Miners — Description  of  Salmon  River  Mines — Stampede  to 
Pioneer  Gulch-Indians  Save  Life  of  G.  A.  Noble— The  Dalles  Subjected  to  Mob  Rule— The  Two  Mining  Camps  of 
Washington  and  Richmond— Social  Conditions-Lawlessness  Punished  by  Judge  Lynch 

CHAPTER    11. 

POLITICAL  ORGANIZATION  AND  PASSING  EVENTS. 

Portion  of  Nez  Perce  Reservation  Laid  Out  as  a  Townsite  in  1861— Rapid  Settlement  of  the  Country  Brings  Miners'  Laws  to 
the  Front— Territorial  Government  of  Washington  Organizes  Shoshone  County— Political  Agitation  for  New  Territorial 
Boundaries— Lewiston  the  Fiist  Capitol  of  Idaho— Details  of  an  Historic  Crime— Desperado  Lower  Demolishes  a  Camera 
—Prompt  and  Effectual  Action  of  Courts  Disbands  Vigilance  Committees— Unpopularity  of  Union  Sentiment  in  Southern 

to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States— Stampede  from  Southern  Idaho  to  the  Coeur  d'Alenes— Early  Railroad 
History— Earthquakes 

CHAPTER   111. 
NEZ  PERCE  INDIAN  WAR. 

Savages  Fa«e  to  Face  with  Law  of  the  Survival  of  the  Fittest— Scare  in  Indian  Valley-Council  of  August  14,  1872— De- 
partment of  Interior  Prohibits  White  Settlement  by  Order  Dated  April  30,  1873— Local  Effects  of  the  Order— Dilemma 
of  the  Interior  Department— Letter  of  Governor  Grover— The  Wallowa  Reopened  to  Settlement-General  O.  O.  How- 

— Massacre  on  Camas  Prairie— Criticism  on  Generalship  Displayed  in  the  Nez  Perce  War-Chief  Joseph  Complimented 

Cottonwood— Trend  of  the  War  Decidedly  in  Favor  of  the  Indians— Joseph  Finally  Driven  Toward  the  Buffalo  Country 
—General  Gibbon  Leaves  Helena  for  the  Front— Engages  the  Indians  and  Is  Wounded— Discovery  ot  Treachery  on 
the  Part  of  the  Bannocks— General  Miles  Ordered  to  Pursue  Joseph  Toward  Bear  Paw  Mountain-Surrender  of  Chief 
Joseph 


CHAPTER   IV. 


Growth  and  Development  of  Social  Order-Idaho  Legislature  Memorializes  Congress-Efforts  to  Annex  Northern  Idaho  to 
Washington  Territory — Stout  Opposition  of  Residents  of  the  Southern  Portion  of  the  Territory — Failure  of  Congress  in 


tution— Question  Taken  to  Federal  Supreme  Court— Transportation   Problem— Construction  of  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
way—Activity of  the  Oregon  Railroad  &  Navigation  Company— Mysterious  Pass  in  the  Bitter  Root  Range  of  Mountains 


PART  II. 
HISTORY  OF  NEZ  PERCES  COUNTY. 

CHAPTER    I. 

CURRENT  HISTORY. 

spires  Feeling  of  Confidence— Year  of  1879  One  of  Progress  and  Prosperity— Development  of  the  County  Under  Trying 
Conditions— Summary  of  the  Year  1881— Murder  of  Chinamen  in  1882— General  Miles  Expresses  Faith  in  the  Nez  Perce 
Indians— Efforts  to  Secure  Removal  of  County  Seat  from  Lewiston  to  Moscow— Establishment  of  State  Normal  School 
at  Lewiston^Opening  of  the  Nez  Perce  Indian  Reservation— Explosion  of  the  Steamer  Annie  Faxon— Memorable  Mur- 

Palouse  Branch  to  Lewiston— Nez  Perces  County  Sends  Troops  to  the  Philippines— Gold  Excitement  of  1877— Roster  of 
Pioneer  Association— New  County  Destroyed  Through  a  Clerical  Error— Segregation 83 

CHAPTER    11. 
POLITICAL. 

Capture  All  the  Offices  But  One  in  1868-Clash  Between  Parties  on  Question  of  Annexation— Vote  on  State  Constitution 
—Republicans  Memorialize  Congress— Official  Canvass  of  the  Vote  in  1888— Advent  of  Statehood— National  Policies  the 
Issue  in  Campaign  of  1890-Organization  of  the  People's  Party  in  1892-Brilliant  Campaign  in  1896 -State  Carried  by 
the  Fusionists— Official  Vote 97 

CHAPTER    111. 
CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 

Lewiston— Blossoms  From  a  Canvas  Town-Once  a  Portion  of  the  Nez  Perce  Reservation— Incorporators  are  Hampered  in 
Their  Efforts— Indian  Situation  in  1877— High  Water— Real  Estate  Rapidly  Changes  Hands— Irrigation  Projects  Com- 
municate an  Impetus  to  Growth  and  Development— Sale  of  Street  Improvement  Bonds— Educational  Facilities— Nez 

CHAPTER   IV. 
THE  NEZ  PERCE  INDIANS. 

Traditional  and  Shadowy  History— Indians  Secure  Horses  from  New  Mexico  and  California— Expedition  of  Lewis  and  Clark 
—Story  of  Wat-ku-ese— Advent  of  Fur  Traders  into  the  Northwest— Civilizing  Force  of  the  American  Missionary- 
Adoption  of  Laws  for  Government  of  Indians  in  1842-Schools  and  Religious  Congregations-Moral  Character  of  the 
People— Disregard  for  the  Rights  of  White  Men— Commanding  Influence  of  Head  Chief  Halhaltlossot— Nez  Perce  In- 
dians Swindled  by  Representatives  of  the  Government— Fort  Lapwai  Indian  Training  School— A  Word  Concerning  the 
Later  Missions 122 


CHAPTER    V. 
DESCRIPTIVE. 

Topography  —Picturesque  Scenes  Which  Greet  the  Eye— Nez  Perce  Uplands  Especially  Adapted  to  Agriculture— Net  Profits 
from  One  Acre  Exceed  $700— Rev.  H.  H.  Spalding  Plants  the  Vine  and  Fig  Tree  of  Civilization— The  Lapwai  Basin— 
Culdesac Craig's  Mountain — Nez  Perce  Prairie — Statistics — Shipments  of  Vegetables  Amount  to  Thousands  of  Pack- 
ages—Undeveloped Resources— Considered  a  Fruit  Section-rGrape  Culture— The  Idaho  Pear— Climate— Stock  Rais- 
ing— Educational  Advantages 130 


HISTORY  OF  IDAHO  COUNTY. 

CHAPTER    1. 
CURRENT  HISTORY,  1861—1879-. 

acer  Mining— Captain  Francois,  Pioneer  of  Camas  Prairie— Exploitations  of  Seth  Jones— Early  Experiments  in  Agricul- 
ture and  High  Prices  Realized  for  Products— Inception  of  the  Cattle  Industry-First  Location  of  County  Seat  at  Flor- 
ence—People Administer  Summary  Punishment  to  Shumway  Jim— Lynching  of  Peter  Walters— Decline  of  Output  of 
Placer  Mining— Rise  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry— Territorial  Legislature  Awards  Camas  Prairie  to  Idaho  County- 
Mount  Idaho  Chosen  as  the  County  Seat— Beneficent  Influence  of  Charity  Grange— Inauguration  of  the  Nez  Perce  Indian 
War— Roster  of  Idaho  County  Volunteers— The  Sheep-Eaters'  Country— Murder  of  Peter  Dorsey— Lieutenant  Catley 
Proceeds  Against  the  Sheep-Eaters—Ignominious  Retreat— Death  of  Lieutenant  Rains— End  of  the  Sheep-Eater  War....  3 

CHAPTER    11. 
CURRENT  HISTORY,  1879 — 1903. 

tion-Legislature  Prescribes  New  County  Boundaries— First  Legal   Execution  in  Idaho  County— Mining  Conditions— 

in  1889-Organization  of  Company  C,  First  Idaho  National  Guards-Heavy  Snowfall  in  1891-Boundaries  of  the  County 
Again  Changed  by  the  Legislature— County  Seat  Contest  in  1892— Abundant  Harvest  Ruined  by  Heavy  Rains— Hard 
Times  of  1893  Strike  Camas  Prairie— High,  Hot  Winds  in  1894— Capture,  Trial  and  Sentence  of  Highwaymen  in  1897 
-Idaho  County  Sends  Troops  to  the  Spanish  War-Discovery  of  the  Buffalo  Hump  Mines  in  1898— General  Prosperity 
in  1901  3 

CHAPTER    111. 


Earlier  Records  Lost  in  Scramble  for  Gold— Unconcern  of  Miners  in  Upbuilding  a  Stable-Government-First  District  Court 
Opened  in  Florence  in  1862— Earliest  Claims  for  Water  Rights— Official  Vote  of  1872— Campaign  of  1878-Annexation 
Question  Comes  to  the  Front  in  1888— County  Seat  Contest  Enlivens  Campaign  of  1892— Populists  Enter  the  Field  the 
Same  Year— Free  Silver  Platform  Adopted  by  All  Three  Parties— Strenuous  Campaign  in  1896— Grangeville  Chosen  as 
the  County  Seat— Idaho  a  Doubtful  County 4 

CHAPTER    IV. 


:rial  Development 
-Elk  City— Clear 


CONTENTS. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


Ideal  Field  for  the  Geologist— The  Seven  Devils— The  Bitter  Root  Forest  Reserve— Extensive  Bodies  of  Agricultural  Land 
in  Idaho  County-The  Beautiful  Camas  Prairie— Scenery  in  the  Salmon  River  Canyon-Indian  Outbreak  of  1877— 
Explorations  in  the  Black  Canyon-The  Mining  District— Lindgren's  Geological  Report— The  Goodenough  Vein- 
Marshall  Lake  District-Perpetual  Snow  on  Summit  of  Lake  Creek  Divide-Many  Slightly  Developed 
Claims— Thunder  Mountain  Region— Description  of  the  Mineralization  of  This  Section— The  Bars  of 
Salmon  River— Copper  Properties-Quartz  Mining  in  the  Elk  District— Ancient  Mining  Section  of  Dixie— The 
Evergreen  Group— The  Buffalo  Hump  Syndicate— Stock  Raising,  Agriculture  and  Lumber  Industries-Fruit  Growing- 
Idaho  County  Possibilities  for  Manufacturing 432 


HISTORY  OF  LATAH  COUNTY. 

CHAPTER   I. 

SETTLEMENT. 

Formation  of  Territorial  Government  in  1863-Pioneer  Settlements— Difficulties  in  Crossing  the  Clearwater— Early  Remin- 
iscences of  Hon.  Willis  Sweet — Danger  from  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indians— Bannock  Indian  War  of  1878 — Rapid  Settle- 
ment of  the  Palouse  Country— Fourth  Session  of  the  Territorial  Legislature— O.  R.  &  N.  Railroad  Reaches  Moscow- 
tempt  to  Remove  County  Seat— Question  of  Annexation— Scheme  to  Elect  Two  Sets  of  County  Officials 581 

CHAPTER   11. 

ORGANIZATION  AND  SUBSEQUENT  EVENTS. 

Latah  County  Organized  by  Congress— The  Only  Instance  on  Record— Text  of  the  Act— Appointment  of  County  Officers- 
Official  Report  of  Initial  Election— Population  in  1890— Political  Campaign  of  That  Year— Pioneers  of  Latah  County- 
People's  Party  Enters  the  Political  Arena— Financial  Troubles-Changes  for  the  Better-Political  Campaign  of  1894— 
Educational  Matters— Latah  County  in  the  National  Campaign  of  1896— Patriotism  of  Latah  County  in  the  Spanish  War 
—Prohibition  Party  Enters  the  Field  in  1898-Tragedy  of  August  4,  1901-Prosperous  Conditions 587 

CHAPTER   111. 


Moscow— The  Pioneer  of  the  Valley— Energy  of  Man  Overcomes  Obstacles— Paradise  Valley— Indian  Troubles  of  1877— 
State  University — Annexation  Excitement  Responsible  for  its  Location — Curriculum — Faculty  of  the  Institution — Ken- 
drick— Foundation  of  the  Town -Conflagration  of  1893— Present  Business  Development-Genesee-Cdnditions  Which 
Have  Brought  It  From  a  Small  Village  to  a  Thriving  Town-Troy—Serious  Fire  of  1893— Juliaetta « 

CHAPTER   IV. 
DESCRIPTIVE. 

Agricultural  Industry— The  "Big  Red  Apple  of  the  Palouse"— Moscow  Country— Wheat  Industry— Abundant  Yield  of 
Vegetables— Tramways  of  the  Potlatch  Country— The  Genesee  Valley— Productiveness  of  Soil— Cattle  Raising— "The 
Great  American  Hog"-Hay-Cereals 6 


CONTENTS. 


KOOTENAI  COUNTY. 
CHAPTER   I. 
EARLY  EVENTS. 

County  Records— No  Old  Settlers'  Organization-First  Voyageurs— Aboriginal  Tribes— Jesuit  Missionaries— Father  De  Smet 
and  Associates— Site  of  First  Mission— Old  Mission— The  Coeurd'Alene  Indians— De  Smet  Mission— Expedition  of  Isaac 
I.  Stevens— Survey  of  International  Boundary— The  Old  Mullan  Road— Old  Trails  and  Ferries— Pioneers  of  the  Early 
'Sixties— Old  Mail  Routes— Fort  Coeurd'Alene 753 

CHAPTER    11. 
As  A  POLITICAL  DIVISION  OF  THE  TERRITORY. 

Early  Political  Affiliations— Creative  Act  of  1864— Amendment  of  1867— County  Organization  and  First  Officers— Election  of 
1882— Financial  Conditions-Northern  Pacific  Railroad— Discovery  of  Coeur  d'Alene  Mines— Early  Courts— Early 
Steamers-Election  1884— County  Seat  Contest  1885— Erection  of  Court  House— Short  Crops— Property  Valuation— U. 
S.  Land  Office— Annexation— Coeur  d'Alene  Branch  N.  P.  R.  R.— Election  1886-Winter  1886-7— Population-Schools 
and  Newspapers— Accident  on  Coeur  d'Alene  River  1887— Election  1888 766 

CHAPTER   111. 
As  A  POLITICAL  DIVISION  OF  THE  STATE. 


is  of  County-Great  Northern  Railroad-O.  R.  &  N.  R.  R.— Lumber  Industry— Political  Campaign 
lie  1893— High  Water  1894— Election  1894— Valuation  of  Property— Populism-Priest  River  For- 
est Reserve — Spirit  of  Loyalty  Displayed,  1898 — Company  B,  Idaho  Volunteers — Clash  Between  Idaho  and  Washington 
Authorities— Total  Assessment— Campaign  1898— Kootenai  Valley  Railroad— Collection  of  Custom  Duties  at  Porthill 
and  Bonners  Ferry— Salaries  of  County  Officers— Discovery  of  Tyson  Mines— Bonded  Indebtedness— Census  by  Pre- 
cincts—Campaign 1900— Construction  of  Bridges-Corporations—Assassination  of  Judge  John  C.  Brady— Political  Cam- 
paign 1902— The  Alberta  and  British  Columbia  Reclamation  Company— Property  Valuation  1902— Miles  of  Railroad  in 
County— Progress  and  Prospects— The  Pioneers "i 

CHAPTER   IV. 

Rathdrum-Coeur  d'Alene— Sandpoint-Harrison— Bonner's  Ferry— Priest  River— Post  Falls— St.  Maries— St.  Joe— Ferrell— 
Hope— Clark's  Fork— Porthill— Lakeview— Athol  — Hauser— Camas  Cove— Tyson— Santa— Fernwood— Emida— Clarkia— 
Granite— Ramsey— Cocolalla— Algoma—  Sagle  —  Panhandle— Kootenai— Oden— Pack  River— Black  Tail— Thornton- 
Cabinet—  Leonia— Katka— Crossport— Moravia— Naples— Elmira  — Colburn— Urencoe— LaClede— Albany  Falls— New- 
port —  Coeland  —  Cataldo  —  Mission  —  Dudley— Lane— Medimont— Anderson— Lacon  — Watts  — Steamboat  Landing- 
Squaw  Bay— Idlewild— Weber— Mica— Len  Landing— Bellgrove— Williams— Seneaquoteen 7 

CHAPTER  V. 
EDUCATIONAL. 

Value  of  Education— Mission  School  in  1842— Pioneer  Schools  and  Teachers  of  the  County— But  Few  Log  School  Houses- 
County  at  First  Contained  But  Two  Districts— Sandpoint  No.  3— Early  Superintendents— Offices  of  Probate  Judge  and 
School  Superintendent  at  First  Combined,  Later  Separated— First  Teachers1  Association -First  Institute— Early  School 
Records— Statistics  1893— Effects  of  the  Financial  Panic— Independent  Districts,  Seven— Six  Districts  in  the  County 
—Statistics  1902— Districts  Benefited  by  Railroads— Institute  of  1902— Higher  Education— Schools  a  Credit  to  the 
County , i 

CHAPTER   VI. 
DESCRIPTIVE. 

Area — The  Boundary  Line — Elevations — Idaho-Montana  Boundary — International  Boundary — Geological  Facts— Kootenai 
County  Once  On  the  Shores  of  the  Sea— The  Paths  of  Glaciers— Helps  and  Hindrances  to  Settlement  and  Development 
—Agriculture— Soil— Climate— Pipneer  Farmers— Prices,  1880— Values— Live  Stock— Patented  Lands— Grain  Output, 


CONTENTS. 


1902-Hortic'ulture-Orchards— Market  Fair  at  Coeur  d'Alene,  1895— Dairying— Flour  Mills— Irrigation  of  Rathdrum 
Prairie— Coeur  d'Alene  Indian  Reservation— Indian  Population— Agriculture  and  Stock  Raising  on  the  Reservation- 
Government  Mills— Recommendation  of  U.  S.  Agent,  Albert  M.  Anderson— Lumber  Industry— Timbered  Areas— Saw 
Mills  and  Lumber  Companies— First  Discovery  of  Gold— Letter  from  Captain  John  Mullan— Mining  Sections  of  Koot- 
enai  County— Railroad  Mileage— New  Roads— Scenic  Superiority— Water  Courses  and  Lakes— The  St.  Joe  River— St. 
Maries— Coeur  d'Alene— Lake  Coeur  d'Alene— Spokane  River— Rathdrum  Prairie— Central  Lake  Region— Fish  Lake 
Tsemini  or  Spirit  Lake— Heyden  Lake-Sullivan  Lake— Hoodoo  Lake— Cocalalla  Lake— Mud  Lake-Clark's  Fork— 
Pend  Oreille  Lake  and  River— Kootenai  River— Priest  River  Forest  Reserve— Priest  Lake  and  River— Sportsman's 
Paradise— Rare  Opportunities  for  Investors  and  Home  Builders g 


HISTORY  OF  SHOSHONE  COUNTY. 

CHAPTER    I. 
CURRENT  HISTORY,.  1860— 1886. 

First  County  in  Mineral  Wealth— Discovery  of  Gold  in  Vicinity  of  Pierce  City— The  Moose  Creek  Mines— People  of  South- 
ern Shoshone  County  Disturbed  by  Indian  Troubles— Home  of  Francis  Carle  is  Fortified— Talk  of  County  Disorganiza- 
tion in  1881— Letter  of  Lieutenant  John  Mullan — Who  Discovered  Gold  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene? — Let- 
ter from  John  P.  Vollmer— Spontaneous  Growth  of  Eagle  City— Stampede  to  Canyon  Creek  and  Nine  Mile  Gulches— 

CHAPTER    11. 
CURRENT  HISTORY,  1886—1892. 

First  Fatal  Snowstorm  and  Avalanche  in  the  Region — Railroad  Projects — Construction  of  Telephone  Lines — Increased 
Mining  Activity— Tragedy  in  Government  Gulch— Large  Sums  Expended  in  Construction  of  Roads— Important  Sales  of 
Mining  Property— Phenomenal  Growth  of  Wardner— Progress  and  Prosperity  in  1889— Railroad  Right  of  Way  Becomes 
Disputed  Territory— Agitation  for  Removal  of  County  Seat  from  Murray— Fatal  Disaster  at  the  Custer  Mine  Boarding 
House-Jail  Delivery  at  Murray— Organization  of  the  Mine  Owners'  Protective  Association-Four  Men  Killed  in  the 
Black  Bear  Mine— Express  Messenger  Held  Up  and  Robbed— Differences  Between  Miners  and  Mine  Owners  Over  a 


CURRENT  HISTORY,  1892—1903. 

Two  Official  Statements  Concerning  Troubles  Between  Mine  Owners  and  Miners— Proposition  Rejected  by  Unions-Armed 
Detectives  Appear  on  the  Scene— Mines  Closed  Down  or  Run  Short-Handed—Encounter  On  June  11,  1892,  Between 
Union  Men  and  Guards  of  the  Frisco  Mill— Strikers  Withdraw— Trouble  Spreads  to  the  Gem  Mine— Miners  Go  to  Ward- 
ner and  Attempt  to  Blow  Up  a  Concentrator— Martial  Law  Declared— Those  Active  in  Uprising  Compelled  to  Flee  the 
Country— Cases  Go  to  Federal  Court— Hard  Times  and  Panics  of  1893— Industrial  Conditions  Improve— More  Fatal 
Snowshdes— Canyon  Creek  Mines  Resume  Operations— Low  Price  of  Lead  and  Silver  in  1895-Labor  Trouoles  on  the 
Horizon— High  Water  at  Murray— Agitation  for  a  Division  of  the  County— Masked  Men  Appropriate  Rifles  Belonging 
to  the  Local  Militia  Company  of  Mullan— Murder  of  Foreman  Fred  D.  Whitney— Gold  Belt  Not  Behind  in  the  March  of 
Progress— The  Year  1898  One  of  Uninterrupted  Prosperity— Outbreak  of  Spanish  War  Awakens  Patriotism  of  Shoshone 
County  People— Generous  Offer  of  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Mine  Owners— Roster  of  Company  F— Demand  of  Miners' 
Union  for  Higher  Wages— Destruction,  in  1899,  of  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Concentrator- Martial  Law  Declared  and 
General  Merriam  Appears  On  the  Scene— Paul  Corcoran  Convicted  of  Murder  in  the  Second  Degree— Issuing  of  Per- 

County— Murder  of  Eugene  Klein— Highway  Robbery  on  Murray  Road-President  Roosevelt  Visits  Wallace 10 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER   IV. 
POLITICAL. 

Organization  of  County  Government— First  Board  of  County  Commissioners— Creation  of  Florence  Precinct— Many  Office 
Holders  Resign  and  go  to  the  Mines  in  1862— Election  of  1864— Decrease  of  County's  Voting  Strength  in  1874-Election 
of  1880-Discovery  of  Coeur  d'Alene  Mines  Transfers  Political  Power  to  North  Shoshone  County— Creation  of  Three 
New  Precincts  in  1884— Mormon  Question  the  Issue  of  1886— County  Seat  Contest  in  1888— Triumph  of  People's  Party 
in  1894— Republican  Party  Goes  to  Pieces  in  Shoshone  County  in  1896— Close  Vote  Between  Republicans  and  Demo- 
crats in  1900— Republicans  Carry  Shoshone  County 10 

CHAPTER   V. 


"Placer  Center"  the  First  Name  of  Wallace-Colonel  W.  R.Wallace  the  Founder  of  the  City  That  Bears  His  Name— Suffers 
Defeat  in  the  Office  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior — His  Statement  Concerning  the  Matter — Lot  Jumping — Report 
of  Governor  Stevenson— Alexander  D.  McKinlay  the  Earliest  Pioneer  of  Wallace— History  of  the  County  Seat— De- 
struction of  Wallace  by  Fire— Banking  History— County  Seat  Contest— Sketch  of  Wardner— Discovery  of  the  Bunker 
Hill  &  Sullivan  Mines— Rapid  Growth  of  the  Town— Present  Status— Story  of' Pierce  City-Orofino-Mullan— Murray 
—Kellogg— Burke— Gem— Kingston— Weippe— Delta— Thiard— Greer— Ahsahka— Lenore 1026 

CHAPTER   VI. 

DESCRIPTIVE. 

Boundaries  of  Shoshone  County— General  Contour— Climatic  Conditions— Conditions  and  Possibilities  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes 
— List  of  Minerals  Found  in  the  County — "Tailings"  or  "Concretes" — Geological  Formation — The  North  Fork  Region 
—Beautiful  Weippe  Prairie-Discovery  of  the  Pierce  City  Mines— Outlook  for  Lumbering— Eastern  Canyon  of  the  Clear- 
water— Mines  and  Mining— Testimony  of  W.  H.  Ross— Output  of  Coeur  d'Alene  Silver-Lead  Mines— Original  Discov- 
ery of  Mineral— Wonderful  Canyon  Creek  District— Nine  Mile  District— Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Mine— Senator  Key- 
burn  Explodes  a  Myth— The  Tiger-Poorman  Mine— Mines  of  Mullan-Copper  Properties— The  Paragon  Group-The 
Standard— Mammoth  Mining  Company-The  Empire  State— Hecla  and  Hercules— Pierce  City  Mining  District— 

covery  of  the  Mother  Lode— How  They  Watched  the  Golden  Slab— The  Golden  Chest— All  Along  Prichard  and  Beaver 
Creeks— Advent  of  Gold  Dredges— Educational  Interests  of  Shoshone  County 1048 


CHAPTER    I. 

THE  PRESS  OF' NORTH  IDAHO. 

oneer  Journalism— The  Golden  Age— Editor  Favourite  Establishes  the  Radiator— Alonzo  B.  Leland— The  Idaho  Signal— 
Lewiston  Teller — Destroyed  by  Fire — Nez  Perce  News — Aaron  F.  Parker — Lewiston  Tribune — Idaho  Free  Press The 

Editor  Adam  Aulbach,  the  Veteran  Journalist  of  the  Cceur  d'Alenes— Wallace  Free  Press— The  Dunn  Brothers— 
The  Wallace  Democrat— Editor  J.  R.  Sovereign  and  the  Idaho  State  Tribune— Cceur  d'Alene  Mining  Record— Orofino 
Papers— Pierce  City  Miner  and  Wardner  News— Mullan  Tribune— Journalism  in  Kootenai  County— Latah  County  Press 
—Moscow  Mirror— North  Idaho  Star— Times-Democrat— Other  Papers 12C 


A  North  Idaho  Indian  Massacre-Early  Days  of  Florence— Reminiscent— 1877—  Mooney's  Adventure— Death  of  "Stumpy 
Wicks  "—A  Shoshone  County  Bear  Story— Pioneer  Baby  of  Florence— Early  Days  In  Idaho— A  Touching  Incident— 
Cceur  d'Alene's  Pioneer  Children— Indian  Eloquence— Pioneer  Yuletide— "  Nigger  Prairie  "—Expensive  Terpsichorean 

Salmon  River— Idaho-Pioneer  Bar  of  the  Cceur  d'Alenes— Early  Days  in  Moscow 1220 


GENERAL  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


A  Glimpse  of  the  Kootenai  near  Bonners  Ferry 

A  Portion  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille 

A  View  of  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene 

Benedict  Ranch  at  the  mouth  of  Whitebird,  the  scene  of  Indian  atrocities 

Buildings  of  the  Idaho  University  at  Moscow 610 

Catholic  church  built  on  Coeur  d'Allene  river  at  Old  Mission  in  1853  by  the  Indians  and 

Jeusit  Missionaries.    Wooden  pegs  were  used  instead  of  nails  to  put  it  together. . .       64 

Chief  Joseph 70 

East  View  of  Clearwater  Battle  Ground,  where  thirteen  United  States  soldiers  and  twenty- 
three  Indians  were  killed  on  July  11,  1877 754 

Farm  of  David  R.  Davis 720 

Foster  Monument  commemorating  a  scene  in  the  Nez  Pesces  war  of  1877 64 

Hieroglyphics  on  the  shores  of  lake  Pend  Oreille.     Scientists  have  not  yet  deciphered  their 

meaning 754 

International  Boundary  Stone  near  Porthill.     David  McLaughlin,  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  the  valley,  and  son  of  Dr.  John  M.  McLaughlin,  governor  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 

Company '. 796 

Luna  House  of  Lewiston.    Taken  about  1868 107 

Original  cabin  of  Richard  Divine,  the  first  victim  of  the  Indians,  killed  June  13,  1877. ...       48 

Residence  of  Homer  A.  Thomas 700 

Residence  of  Washington  Wolheter 696 

.Soldiers'  Lookouts  overlooking  Whitebird  canyon  in  the  war  of  1877 392 

The  buildings   used  as  Governor's  headquarters  and  capitol  of  the  territory  of  Idaho  in 

1863,  still  standing  in  Lewiston 33 

The  ranch  where  H.  Elfers,  Henry  Beckroge  and  R.  S.  Bland  were  killed  by  the  Indians, 

June  13,  1877 52 

Too-Lah,  the  friendly  Nez  Perces  squaw,  who  rode  to  Florence  from  the  SaJmon  river, 

miners  to  the  rescue '. 60 

View  on  the  Snake  near  Lewiston 33 

1877  !     427 


INDBX. 


NEZ   PERCES  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHICAL. 


Abel  William  H 

i?6 

Brooks  Seneber  S 

PAOK 

Davison  William  H 

278 

Adams,  Milo  H  
Adams,  Schuyler  J  ,. 

:;:::*8 

—  is? 

Buechle'r,  Mathias  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
Bunnell  Charles  C 

100 

154 
282 

Day,  Joseph  H  
Decker,  Frank  J  
Delsol  Louis 

291 

Altmillar  Jacob 

Buoye  William 

146 

De  Moude,  Martin  D  

Anderson,  Edward  F  

324 

Burns,  Thomas  J  

% 

Dennis,  James.  
Deschamps  William 

$ 

Babcock,  Ross  S  

153 
260 

Butler,  William  C  
Caldwell  William  A 

177 

Devlin,  Owen  
Dickinson,  Joackiam  L  
Dickinson  Oren  L 

254 
194 

Baird,    Ezra  
Baker,    Andrew  
Baker     Daniel 

261 

i64 

Chambers,  Ulyssis  S  
Chandler,  Frank  
Chapman  Charles  E 

215 
205 

Dieterle,  Fred  
Dill,  Benjamin  
Dill  George  W  

347 
154 

Banks,  Absalom  B  
Banks,  James  W  
Bashor  Benjamin  F 

302 

154 
261 

Chapman,  Clyde  D  
Chapman,  David  L  
Chapman  E  Clay 

281 
215 

Dill,     John  
Dixon.    William    R  
Doggett    Sidney  J   

154 
195 
295 

Bashor,  George  W  
Beall,  Thomas  B  
Bean  Esli  W 

345 
382 

Chapman,  George  A  
Chase.  Elgee  C  
Chasteen  James  M 

170 

245 

Dowd,  Charles  
Dowd,  Douglas  V  
Dowd  Matthew  

221 

Beeman,  Rufus  H  
Beloit,  George  W  

:::::! 

Chesley,  Oscar  B  
Christenson,  Andrew  O  
Church  David  B 

270 
167 

Dunwell,  Dennis  W.   C  
Durette,     Frank  

144 
217 

Berrv,  John   C  
Berry,    Lowry   L  
Berry     Thomas    H 

:::::$3' 

258 
256 

Clark,  'Louis  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Clark  Philander  H 

148 
362 

Easter,  Levi  C  

Eastman,  William  A  

179 
231 
293 

Bielbv,  John  
Billow,  Isaac  S  

—  251 
234 

Clayton,  William  S  
Cleveland,  Ben  D  

364 
349 

Edwards,  Joseph  F  
Ellis,  Pitts  

276 
342 

Billups,  John  W  
Black,  David  
Black  Henry  F 

160 
348 

Cleveland,  Presley  P  
Cleveland,  Robert  M  
Click  Orie  W 

362 
358 

Erickson,  Andrew  J  
Erickson,  Erick  
Evans  James  H 

320 
320 
338 

Black,  John  H  
Blackinton,  William  M  

251 

Clugston,  Warren  

375 

Evans,  Orin  

348 
272 

Blewett,  John  L  

:::::| 

Cole,  Benjamin  L  
Cole,  Cassius  M  

278 
365 
301 

Fairley,  Earl  E  

247 

Bofferding,  Renny  J...  
Bellinger,  William  
Book,  Peter  
Bounds,  James  L  
Bowlby  Wilson 

378 
246 
i87 
......  142 

Cordiner,  Arthur  S  
Craig,  Joseph  L  
Crawford,  Jervis  R  
Crawford,  Samuel  M  
Crews,  Bryant  M  
Crow  William 

160 
319 
155 
309 

Fairlev,  Oliver  L  
Fanning,  Sherman  W  
Pansier,  Jesse  H  

Faunce'  Charles  E.  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
Ferrall  Garret  H  

252 
273 
316 

$ 

Bowman,  James  D  
Boyd,    James    W  .-  

151 
185 

Crumpacker,  William  E  

335 

Ferry,  Charles  E  

310 
294 

Boyer,    Alva  
Boyer,     Calvin  

Brammer,'  George  '  w'.  '.  '.  '.  !  '.  '.  '. 

237 

357 
216 

Currv,  Theodore  
Curtis,  Julius  E  

Daggett,  Frank  S  

369 
238 

163 

Fish,  David  
Flaig,  Christian  
Ford,  William  

355 
298 
380 
241 

Brammer,    William  
Brasch,  John  
Briggs     Edson    D 

369 
334 

Dale,  Charles  H  
Dale,  George  P  
Daniels  Edward 

...  166 
166 

Fritz,  James  A  
Frost,  Electus  M  
Frye  Charles  M  

171 
206 

Brocke,  Charles  H  
Broncho,  Frank  

3^ 
141 

Davis,  Granville  O  
Davis,  John  B  

290 
190 

Gage,  William  H  

305 

Garner,    William    P  

237 

Johnson,   Andrew    M  

149 

McCarty,  Alva  T  

P220 

Gaylord,  A.  C  

244 

Johnson,    Henry  

341 

McCoy,   Mason   S  

!!!!.'  196 

Gertje,    Henry    J  

?97 

Johnson,  Miles  S  

266 

McCutchen,  Alexander  

3i6 

Gertje,   John   H  

385 

143 

McFadden,  James  W  

Gibbs   William   R  

168 

Johnson',    Philip!.'!!.''!.".!.'!.' 

241 

McGee,    John    M  

GilTonl.    Seth  ' 

363 

Johnson,    Silas  

225 

Mclntyre,  Thomas   C  

Gifford,    Wilfred   L  

340 

Johnson,    Stephen  

332 

McKenna,    John  

178 

Giles,    Charles  

335 

161 

MrUillis,    Lonzo  

226 

Gilland,    George  

1/4 

Johnson,    Wylev    T.  ..'...'...! 

259 

Meek,    Courtney    W  

322 

269 

Johnson,  Zephaniah  A  

224 

Meek,  Joseph  L  

168 

Gilmore,'  George   w'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

164 

231 

Meek,  Joseph  L.,  Jr  

155 

Glass,    Thomas    C  

235 

Julian,"  Frank  W  

196 

Menges,  Charles  A  

242 

Goffinet,  Eugene  F  

373 

Jutte,    Peter  

3^ 

Merritt,    Dexter    D  

357 

Goldsmith,   Martin   L  

192 

Mervvn,   William  J  

161 

Graham,  John   D  

324 

Kachelmeir,    Alois...  

225 

Miles   Charles   C  

283 

Granz,  John  C  

164 

286 

Miller,    Alexander  

293 

Green,  Charles  W  

185 

Keeney,   Elijah   N  ! 

184 

Miller,   Alfred   E  

Green,    William   J  

156 

Keith,    Hollis    W  

372 

Miller,    Christopher   C  

315 

Gregory,  Austin  D  

367 

Keller,    Frank  

Miller,    Curtis.    

329 

Srinstead,   Charles   W  

302 

Kelly,    M.    A  

!!'.!!!  264 

Miller,    Norton    B  

33" 

Kemper,   Frank  A  

298 

Miller,    Perry    E  

317 

Grostein,   Louis    

'.'.'.'.'.  255 

Kern,    Willie   E  

Miller,    Rufus    B  

277 

Gwin,   Jacob  N  

274 

Kil  linger,    John   W  

255 

Miller.    Samuel    K  

1/9 

King,    Thomas    D  

143 

Mills.  Arthur  J  

176 

Hadford,   Gust    

376 

KniK.    William    H  

349 

Minert,   Frederick   M  

37& 

Hadford'    Louis 

^ 

Kirby  Philip  R 

!i° 

Moekle'r.    Thomas    M  

2** 

Haeberle,  Jacob    

;;;;;  &? 

Kirbv.     Thomas  

344 

Morgan   Henry  A  

!!!!'.  167 

Hall,  George  S  

198 

Knovvlton,    Lafayette  

197 

Morris,    Charles    E...'  

173 

Hamilton,   Charles   L  

144 

Kouni,    Michael  

383 

Morris,  John   B  

257 

'Hanlon,    Thomas    O  

352 

Kroutinger,    Alfred    W  

271 

Morris.    Mason  

i8r 

Hardman,   Albert   C...  

370 

Morse.  Samuel  S  

303- 

Hardwick,   William   D  

336 

Lacey,    Pearl    C  

359 

Moser,   Robert  E  

358 

Harr,    Joseph    

355 

LaDow,   Thomas   H  

298 

Mote.    Charles   W  

.  299 

145 

Lambert,    James  

239 

Motince,    Eben  

265 

HarriTSF°ra  nk  E°".  ..'.'.'.  '.  '.  '.  '. 

170 

Larkee,   John   C  

158 

Mounce,    Jasper    N  

34& 

Harris,  Edison  E  

245 

Larson,    August  

223 

Mounce,    J.    Smith  

152 

Hawthorn,   John   W  

371 

295 

Mowry,  Jacob  H  

290 

Haynes,    Loren    L  

206 

Leach,  'Eli  A...! 

318 

Moxley,  Thomas  C  

207 

Hcberly,    Charles    W  
Hegel,    Edward    S  

205 
297 

Leachman,  John   F  
LeBaron,    William  

218 

337 

Mucken,     George  
Mustoe,     Albert  

!!!!!  383 

Heitfeld,   Anton    

151 

Lee,  Harold  L  

303 

Mustoe,    Henry  

Helt,    John    W  

381 

Leeper,    Charles    A  

257 

Mustoe,    Lewis    W  

Henderson.  George  M  

367 

Leeper,  Clarence  E  

354 

Mustoe,    William  

'.!!'.!  189 

Hendren.    Jefferson    D  

204 

Leggett,   Oaky  W  

374 

Hendrickson,    Erick    

r  323 

Lenz,  John  G  

325 

Nell  sen,    John  

150 

Henry,   Noble    

182 

Lewis.   Tohn  H  

259 

Nellsen,     Simon  

155 

Herres,  Louie  J  

241 

Little.    Charles   W  

363 

Nelson,   Commodore   B  

267 

Hilton.    Frank    W  

226 

Livengood,    John  

169 

Nelson,    Frank  

Hobart,    James    L  

146 

Lockridge,   Samuel  

149 

Nelson,   Horace  W  

'.'.'.!!  265 

Hobson,    John   W  

...  188 

Lough,  Isaac  N  

343 

Nelson,   John   M  

347 

Hoffman,    Charles    

165 

Lough,    John   T  

355 

Nelson,     Oscar  

378 

189 

Lowary,    Samuel    E  

361 

Xewhard,    Charles    C  

159 

HoHiday,  '  George  °T'.  '.  '.  '.  '.  '.  '.  '.  '. 

216 

Lowry,  David  H  

292 

Newhard.   Charles   C.,   Jr  

162 

Hollidav,   William    P  

327 

Lucas,    Ezekiel  

213 

Nichols,  Elmer   D  

209 

Holt.    Samuel  

279 

Lucas,  Lee  

236 

1/6 

Hoslev,  Herbert   T  

302 

Lydon,   James   R  .'. 

269 

Norton,  Cyrus  

Huber,    Andrew.'  

209 

Nosbisdi,   Jacob  

lluckal.ay.    Robert    E.    L  

198 

Mabbott,   Ernest   C  

300 

Nugent.    Owen  

37& 

Hunt,  Warren  P  

376 

Mabbott.   Thomas  J.    S  

Nye,  Michael  N  

307 

Mael,     Amos  

351 

Inghram,  John  F  

240 

Malmoe,   Martin   B  

234 

Oderkirk.    Albert  

Inghram.  Robert  L  

240 

Manning,  Fred  M  

214 

Olsen,    Ole  

343 

Ingle,    Charles   S  

156 

Manning,   George   A  

262 

Olson,   Erlan  

Ingle,    William"  A  

171 

Vfarkwell,  Charles  A  

291 

Orbison,   J.    Telford  

213 

Isaman,    Samuel   G  

353 

\lathison,    Chris  

159 

Marker,    James  

Pahl,     George  

235 

Jacks,  Benjamin  F  

....  264 

Markliam,    Samuel    J  

339 

Palmer,    Benoni  

.:...  386 

Jacks,  James  S  

350 

Marshall,  Abraham  J  

331 

Parker,  Ernest  L  

218 

Jackson,   John   C  

•--•  315 

Marshall,   Samuel   W  

225 

Patterson,    Samuel  

139 

Jacques,    Stephen  

140 

Martin,   Joel    D  

191 

I'eden.   William   M  

....  278 

Tarbo,    Godfrey....  -,  

....  326 

Martin,    William   B  

193 

Pelton.    Oscar  

John,  David  E  

151 

Maynard,   Frank,  Jr  

342 

Pennell,  Robert  L  

247 

Johnson,  Adams  G  
Johnson.  Andrew  C  

....  287 
...  238 

Maynard,    Thaddeus    T.  ..... 
A  [a  vs.    Lee  

177 

.  .  .    2^1 

Peterson,    J.    C  
Philipi,  John  T.... 

147 
...  252 

Phinney,  Samuel  332 

Simmons,  Lewis  A  314 

Triplett,  Jefferson  D  284 

Pliter,  George  W  227 
Pollock,  Alaxander  319 
Pomeroy  Francis  F  325 

Skinner,  William  H  266 
Skow,  Nels  P  282 

Tumelson,  Jesse  E  35I 
Tumelson,  William  O  348 

Pomeroy,  John  F  327 
Pool,  Solomon  J  37O 

Small,  Ira  189 
Smith,  George  A  200 

Smith  Hilbert  B  280 

Tyler,  James  S  328 
Underwood,  George  W  249 
Unzicker,  John  S  199 
Utt,  John  H  :  254 

Porter'  SarrTuel  364 

Smith,  Phillip  S  139 

Potter!  Lattin  L.'  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.  178 
Powell,  John  H  312 
Powers,  John  F  271 
Preisinger,  Ferdinand  B  235 
Fribble,  G.  E  279 

Smith,  William  A....  .  .  .  186 
Snyder,  Mortimer  A  263 
Southwick,  Stephen  R  227 
Spekker,  Staas  379 
Soenslev.  Victor  281 
Spiw  Elra  L  181 

Utt,  Rufus  W  354 
Vadriey,  Emanuel  ;  Ip7 
Vaver,  Alexander  H  260 
Vollmer,  John  P  I37 

Waide,  William  C  .  ->7l 
Walker,  Charles  L  286 

Wan"'  JC,meseSHA  T2 

Puntenney,  Charles  S  322 
Rainville  Joseph  229 

Spivv,  Minor  182 
Springston,  John  T  219 
Squier,  Hazen  368 

Ramcv.  William  J  285 
Ratcliffe,  I.  N  147 
Ratcliffe,  William  E  250 
Rawnsley,  Joseph  310 
Reese,  William  B  275 
Reeves,  Enoch  S  365 
Renshaw,  Robert  H  326 
Reynold  Thomas  F  386 

Stach,  Joseph  300 
Stacy,  Arthur  S  243 
Staley,  Abraham  L  328 
Stanley,  Horace  269 
Starcher,  Lafayette  331 
Starrier,  Daniel  S  333 
Stearns,  Clay  M  311 
Steel,  Wesley  308 
Steele,  Major  J  380 
Steele,  Robert  H  360 
Stellmon,  Charles  F  332 
Stellmon,  George  W  191 
Stellmon  John  F  .  .  237 

Warlick,  Lawson  W....  ...  366 
Warren,  Felix...  ?5O 
Waters,  Eddy  H,  103 
Watts,  Edward  E  350 
Wayne,  George  W  159 
Webber,  Jerry  181 
Weeks,  Elmer  ;....  323 
Wells.  Riclianl  208 
Whaley,  Albert  D  '..  ...351 
Wheat.  Tames  M  292 
Whitcomb,  James  W  248 
White,  George  W.  S  311 
White  John  W  181 

Richardson,  Aaron  J  222 
Richardson,  Amos  K  158 
Richardson,  Caleb  W  219 
Richardson,  George  L  .-..  223 

Riffy,  William  j  ?66 
Robbins,  Andrew  E  169 
Roberts  George  A  367 

Stellmon,  Melvin  S  218 
Stephenson,  Thomas  „.  230 
Stevens  DeWitt  321 

White.  'William  •...."  353 
Whitson,  William  N  186 
Wiggin.  Edward  L  .  202 
Wildenthaler,  Seraphin  268 
Wilks,  John  V  ...  299 
Williams  Albert  204 
Williams,  Charles  E  314 
WiHiams,  David  S  ...  345 
Williams,  Edward  G  277 
Williams,  Tesse  P  173 
Willis,  Frank  B  ...  247 
Willows,  James  F  162 
Wilson,  Benjamin  E  145 

Robnett,  Jennie  M  262 
Rogers,  Alvah  T  359 
Rogers,  Frederic  S  179 
Rogers,  Henry  J  306 

Stevens,  George  G  321 
Stevens,  George  W  339 
Stevens,  John  D  341 
Stevens,-  Lewis  D  296 
Stevenson  William  250 

Root,  Emerson  T  199 

Rowe,  Lee  J  334 
Rnchert,  Fred  274 
Rtiddell,  George  H  230 

Stoddard,  William  E  174 
Stoneburner,  Joseph  W.  172 
Stranahan,  Clinton  T  142 
Strouse,  Jay  W  344 
Sullivan,  Thomas  234 

Rupe,.  Smith  377 

Sampson,  Charles  C  339 
Sanders,  Lewis  263 
Sanford,  John  L  317 
Saunders,  Charles  C  202 
Schaefer,  Jacob  244 

Schfldrnan,  Henry  H"  '.  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.  '.  '.'.'.'.  141 
Schluetcr,  Theodore  173 
Schnebly,  William  E  268 
Schultz,  Joseph  A  232 
Schwartz,  Charles  158 
Scott  Isaac  215 

Swenson,  Swen  1  384 

Taber,  James  M  377 
Tannahill,  George  W  246 
Tatko,  George  E  303 
Tavis,  William  148 
Tefft,  Bertram  W  :  273 
Tellier  Isaac  287 

Wilson,  Nathaniel  ...  323 
Wilson,  William  T  309 
Wimpy,  Thomas  j.  .  .  .  :  212 
Wing,  Daniel  M  196 
Wisner,  Albert  G  288 
Wissink.  John  231 
Wolfe,  John  R  253 
Wood,  Joseph  P  228 
Woodin,  Frank  W  356 
Wortman.  Charles  B  203 
Wright,  Charles  W  273 
Wright,  Davis  S  296 
Wright,  John  G  236 
Wright,  Nahaniel  T  333 
Wright,  Robert  M  284 
Wright,  William  A  166 

Tcsterman,  William  A  248 
Thain,  John  183 
Thatcher  William  368 

Thomas,  Charles  D  ,  .  .  294 

Thompson,  Clara  J.  346 
Thompson,  Joseph  A  229 
Thompson,  S.  Leslie  152 
Thompson,  Thomas  H  304 
Thompson,  William  L  172 

Thornton',  Leon  M  338 
Thornton,  Orville  G  239 
Tiede,  Charles  R,  366 
Tiede,  Herman  L  372 
Timberlake,  William  E  267 
Timmons,  William  177 
Trimble,  Hank  258 

Scott,  James  R  190 
Sears  Fred  B  249 

Shaffer,  Joseph  E  ...  313 
Sharp,  Manley  1  186 
Shaw;  James  188 
Shawley,  William  F  313 
Shelburn,  Hardy  W  252 

Wright,  William  W....  .'.'.'  175 
Wyman,  George  H  285 
Wyman,  Philip  194 

Yager,  Walter  E  379 
York,  Daniel  W  295 
Young,  William  H  280 

Ziver,  Joseph  309 

Sheppard,  Charles  J  329 
Shortlidge,  Allen  J  375 

Simmons,  Joseph  S  300 

NEZ  PERCES  COUNTY  PORTRAITS. 


Beeman,    Rufus    H.... 
Benson,   Charles   D  
Benson,   Mrs.   Charles   D  
Bielby,  John  
Billups,  John   W  
Billups,  Mrs.  John  W  
Black-    Henry  F 

....  256 
....  304 

::::S 

160 
....  160 

Green,  Charles  W  
Green,  Mrs.  Charles  W  

Hanlon,  Thomas  O  
Hendrickson,  Erick  
Holliday,  George  T  
Hunt  Warren  P 

....   184 
....   184 

....  352 
....  320 
216 
376 

Powell,   John   H  
Puntenney,    Charles    S  

Ratcliffe,    William   E  

Schultz,  Joseph  A.  ... 
Sears    Fred   B 

....  312 
....  248 
•-*% 

Black,  Mrs.  Henry  F  
Black,  John  H  

::::! 

....  240 

Squier,  Hazen  
Stellmon    George   W 

.:::368 

Blewett,  John  L  
Blewett,  Mrs.  Lily  M  
Bowlby,  Wilson  
Boyd,  James  W  

Chapman,  Charles  E  
Chapman,  Mrs.  Charles  E... 
Clark  Louis 

::::  14 

—  "  232 
....  i84 

....  304 
—  304 

Isaman,  's.  G  

Jacks,  Benjamin  F  
Johnson,  William  F  
Johnson,  Mrs.  William  F  

Jutte  Peter 

240 
•  •••  352 

....  264 
160 
....  160 
224 

Stevens,   DeWitt  
Stevens,   George   G  

Stevenson,  William  

Tefft,  Bertram  W.... 
Tefft,   Mrs.   Bertram  W  
Testerman,   William   A.... 
Thompson    Thomas   H 

....  320 
....  320 
....  248 

....  272 
—  272 

....248 

Click,  Orie  W  
Dunwell,  Dennis  W.  C  
Erickson,  Andrew  J  

....  320 
—  144 
....  320 

Keenev,  Elijah   N.... 
Keeney,  Mrs.  Elijah  N  

Leeper  Charles  A 

....   184 
....   184 

Underwood,    George    W  
Vollmer,  John  P  

....  248 

....  137 

Erickson.  Erick  
Evans,  William  M  

....  320 
....  272 

....  232 

Wann,  James  H  
Wells,   Richard  

::::% 

Evans,  Mrs.  William  M  

Fansler,  Jesse  H  
Faunce,  Chales  E  

....  272 
::::3 

Martin,   Joel   D  
Martin,  William  B  
Meek,    Courtney   W  
Meek,  Joseph  L  
Mockler,   Thomas   M  

....   191 
191 
320 
....  168 

Whitcomb,  James  W  
Whitcomb,  Mrs.  James  W.  .  .  . 
White,  John  W  
Wisner,   Albert   G  

....  208 
....  248 
....  248 

::i;I 

Gage,   William   H  
Gage    Mrs    William   H 

....  304 

Mounce,  J.  Smith  

....  152 

Wright,   Charles   W  

—  272 

Goldsmith,  Martin  L  
Goldsmith,    Mrs.'  Martin   L... 

—  -191 
....  191 

Northcutt,  Edward  J  

....  176 

Young,  William  H  

....  280 

IDAHO  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHICAL. 


Adkison,  John  R  

T 

Brown    William   G 

PAGE 

Crea    John  W 

PAGE 

Adslry,  Elijah  

557 

Bruner,    Lewis    A  

531 

Crosby,  Burt  L  

520 

Ailshe,    James    F  

550 

517 

Curtis,  A.  Fred  

520 

Alkire,  George  S  

538 

l!u,-u,].,rf.   Fred  C  ."..'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

575 

Aram,    James    H  

483 

Butcher,  Eben  W  

540 

Dallas,  Green  W.... 

462 

Arbogast,  H.  S  

539 

Davis,   Fred  A  

523 

Aschenbretmer,  Peter  

505 

Calder,  Henry  R  

472 

Davis,  Theodore  E  

479 

Austin,  Jesse  G  

468 

Campbell,  Charles  M  

464 

Deardorff,  Everett  G  

470 

Canfield,   Oscar  F  

486 

Deasy,   John  

535 

Bales,  Thomas  W.... 

494 

Carlson,  Andrew  J  

525 

502 

Bartley,   A.    D  

455 

Carothers,  Thomas   H  

556 

DePartee'  Roy.  ..'.'".'."  /'.!'.! 

558 

Beede,  John  E  

536 

Carver,"  Amos  

552 

Dillinger,    Samson  

550 

Bentley,    Orren  

518 

Casady,    William   H  

516 

Dixon,  Jesse  M  

488 

Bernthal,    Frederic  

503 

Castle,    Levi  

§60 

Doss,  John  C  

490 

Bernthal,  Joh'n  M 

Chadwick    Lawrence  C 

489 

Bibb,  Robert  M  

HMM>,  Alfred  H  

544 

Chamberlain,  J.  B  
Chase,  Edwin  I  

542 
507 

Duncan,  George  W.... 
Dunham,   Charles   W  

....'.'.  480 

Bowman,  William  W  

529 

Clarke,  Wellington  M  

......  477 

Dunn,    Joseph    W  

545 

Braekett,  Charles  D  

;;::;::  466 

Clay,  Hershel  H  

554 

Durant,   Magnus   J  

497 

Brady,  Hugh...,  
Briggs,  Phoenix  R  

501 

Cone,    Cha.rles    P  
Conklin,  George  N  

549 

457 

Eckert,  Jacob  L  

552 

Brockenour,   Peter  

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  538 

452 

Eckland,"    Telon    E  

518 

Brown;    Benjamin    P  

463 

Cooper,  Richard  P.....  '.  '.  '.  '. 

.546 

Elfers,  Henry  J  

451 

Brown,    Charles    F  

563 

Coram,   William  

493 

Elfers,    Henry   J.,   Jr  

535 

Brown,  Charles  F  .-. 

504 

Corbett,  Paul  F  

481 

Eller,  Joseph  M  

482 

Brown    Frank 

Cowgill    George  A 

498 

Evans   Oscar  M 

461 

Brown,    Loyal    P  

574 

Craig,   Stonewall  J  

470 

Brown,   Rollin   C  

560 

Cramblit,    John   T  

466 

Farmer.   Jesse  

530 

Ferree    James   E 

490 

Lyon,    John  

454 

Riggins,  Richard  L  
Riggle,    Allen    L  

•-s 

Fitzgerald,    Edmond  

....  547 
....  471 

Mackie,    John  

578 

Robie,    Edward   W  
Robbins    Hiram 

464 

Fodder,  Joshua'  S  .'.'.'.'.'  '.  '.'.'..'.. 
Foster,  Albert  D  

527 
579 

vlahurin,  Stephen  K  
Markham,  Harry  V  
Vlartin,  Morgan  L  

SOD 
534 

Rogers,  Barney  R  
Rossiter,   George  

465 
468 

508 

Schneider,  David  

501 

Gage,   Marcus   E  
Gallaway,    Albert  
Gallaway,  George  M  

555 
469 

Mattox,  William  w''..'  
McConnell,   James   R  
McDermid,   Hugh   M  

471 
517 

Sewell,  AddisonD  
Sharp,    Levi  
Sheer,  George  

547 
543 
527 

Gallaway,   Sherman   S  
Gallaway,  Thomas  B  
Garber,  Jacob  C  
Gee,    Everett  

544 
'.'.'..'.  509 

McFadden,  Henry  J  
McGuire,    Perry   A  
McKnmey,  Joseph  A  
McKin/ie,   Caswell   T  

'.'.'.'.'.  452 
473 
477 

Sherwin,   Perry  E  
Shissler,    Franklin  
Shissler,  John  M  
Short.  William  H  

Eg 

:::::$ 

Getty.   George   R  

541 

McMillen,  Francis  E  

'.'.;'.;  580 

Simpson,  Lewis   M  

538 

McNamee,   Clay  

532 

Slayton,  George  W  

541 

Mckutt,  William  C  

521 

Smith,   Edward   C  

469 

Goldstone,  Samuel  

Gregory,  Charles's  
Greving,  Henry  A  
Guseman,  James   S  

52° 
478 

516 
484 
464 

Meyer,  Henry  
Miller,  James  L  
Mills,  David  T  
Moberg,  Olof  P  
Moore,  Andrew  W  

492 
487 

539 

:.r:::S 

Smith,  George  D  
Smith,   Henry   T  
Smith,    Peter  
Sorrow,   Joseph  
Southard,   Harry  

499 
500 
575 
535 
-  542 

...  560 

Morris,    Manuel    C  

459 

Springer,  Francis  D  

486 

Hale,  John  T  '  

486 

Morton,  Lucius  L  

'.'.'.'.'.  549 

Stewart,   Charles  W.  I.".."..'.! 

.....  516 

Hall,  John  C  

579 

Moughmer,   George   W  

484 

.....  455 

Hall,   William   A  

5" 
571 

Nevin,   John  

573 

Stockton,  George  S  
Stokes,  Murat  W  

524 
559 

Harris"  William  H.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'. 

519 
532 

Nickel,  Thomas  W  

534 
476 

Stuart,    James  

459 
480 

Hartman,  Richard  H  

576 

Nurss,  'Albert   F  •••• 

569 

Surridge,  Thomas   

474 

Hattabaugh,  Isaac  C  

525 

522 

Hawk,  Frank  M  

451 

Odle,  George  R  

573 

S  warts,  John  A  

502 

Hawley,   George  V  

483 

Oliver,   Erastus   W  

537 

Swarts,   Theodore   D  

474 

Haydin,  Patrick  E  
Henley,  Richard  B  

485 
475 

Oliver,  James   N  
Olson,  John  

;;;  Jji 

Sweet,   Edward   S  

572 

Hickerson,    Walter  
Hiramelspak,  Joseph  
Hoffman,  Loran  D  
Hogan,  Frank  
Hogan,  William  
Holbrook,  Jacob  E  
Hollenbeak.  John  T  
Holt,  Charles  E  
Howe,   Mark  

504 

'•'"  *I 

559 
553 
508 

Ott,  Lawrence  
Overman,  John  I  

Parker,  Aaron  F  
Paul!,    William  
Pearson,    Frank    R  
Pearson,  William  C  
Pell,  Richard  E  
Perkins,  James   E  

'.'.".'.'.  513 

551 

553 

562 
S36 
514 
478 
577 
563 

Tautfest,  Fred  
Taylor,  Andrew  J  
Taylor,   Frank  L  
Taylor,   Frank  Z  
Taylor,   John  
Telcher,    Didriech    II  

Thompson'  Jessy  B  
Truitt,  Russell  

5°3 
512 
575 
520 
467 
507 
533 
473 
5oo 
526 

Irwin    Isaac  M 

546 

Person,    Nils  

483 

456 

545 

Jarrett,  Mark  V  :  

544 

Peterson.    Swen   J  
Pettibone,  Nathaniel  B  

482 
565 

Turmes,  Lucien  
Turner,   Franklin   P  
Turner,  John  W  

407 
46o 
496 

-496 

Pfeufer,    Joseph  

565 

Johnson!  Hannibal  F  
Johnson.  John  T  
Jones;   Robert   H  
Jones,   Seth  

"Keefer,  Christopher  F  
Keith.   John  W  
Kim-aid,  Alvis  A  

566 
548 
494 
546 

Sot 
453 
577 

Phillips,  Lincoln  L  
Poe,  George  C  
Powers,  Frank  M  
Poyneer,  Harrv  D  
Price,  Edson  G  
Prichard,    Philip    S  
Pulse,  John  J  
Putnam,  George  E  

565 
462 

456 
554 
532 
548 
557 
470 

VanBuren,  D.  C  
Vandeburgh,    Edwin    C  
Vansise,  Frank  D...  
Vicory,  Joseph   H  
Vincent,   Joseph   K  
Vincent,  Joseph  S  
Vineyard,    Ly^rgus  

56i 
460 

570 
492 

494 

King,  Amandus  P  
King.    Peter  
TCnorr,  Benjamin  D  

489 

:::;::  B 

Ready,  Peter  H  

Remington.   James  J  
Reynolds.  Winfield  S  

564 
479 
576 

von  Bargeni  John"!*1.'.'.'.'."! 
Von  Berge,  William  

493 
566 

Rhett,  Walter  S  -  

573 

Wagner,    Martin  

550 

Lamb,   Ellsworth   D  
Lamore,  Gilbert  N  
Lanningham,    Albert    C  
Large,    Sam  

537 
472 
495 

Rhoades,  Alonzo  Z  
Rhoades,  Jay  O  
Rice.   Charles  L  
Rice,  John  B  

493 
567 
476 
462 

Walker,  Robert  X  
Wassem,  George  F  
Watson.   Alexander  I  
Watson,    Robert  

499 
556 
454 
524 

Leach',  Patrick  H.  '.'.  '.'.  '.'.'.'.'... 
Lee     Cyrus    M  

541 

Rice,   John   N  
Rice,  Moses  H  

528 
495 

Webber,    Albert  
Weber,   Alexander  A  

495 
555 

Levander,  Edgar  W  
Levander,  John  O  
Libbey,  Samuel  R  
ILvon,  Ivan  D  

'.'.'.'.'.'.  s6j 

'.'.'.'.'.'.  568 

Rice,  Riley  
Rice,  Russell  H  
Richardson,    Foster  
Rickards,  William  H.  V.... 

53.' 
577 

Weber,  Jacob  L  
Weddlc,    David  

Whiting.    Silas    0  
Wickam,    Holsey  

521 
474 
572 
498 

Williams,  Andrew  J.... 

458 

Witt,  James  

5'3 

Yates,  David  

485 

Williams,  William  S  M..  . 

Wolbert     Joseph    M 

488 

465 

Wilson,   Samuel   A  
Wilson,    William  

490 

Wolfe,   George   M.... 
Wood    John  A 

528 

Young,   John.C  

551 

Wilson,   William   J  
Wiltse    Bion  C 

471 

Wooden,  John  D  

555 

Zehner,    Benjamin   F  

504 

IDAHO  COUNTY 

PORTRAITS. 

Beede,  John  E  

536 

Gould,  Mrs.  Norman. 

478 

Pulse,  John  J  

556 

Benedict,    Samuel  
Bibb    Robert  M 

464 

Hadorn,   John 

560 

Bibb,  Mrs.  Robert  M  

544 

Remington,  James  j  

564 
478 

Carothers    Thomas  H.... 

556 

Irwin,  Isaac  M  

544 

Robie,  Edward  W  
Robie,  Isabella  

464 

.Cleary,  Mrs.  Catherine  11. 

Elfers..  451 

Jarrett,    Mark   V.... 

544 

Jarrett,  Mrs.  Mark  V. 

544 

Sweet,  Edward  S  

572 

Davis,  Theodore  E  

478 

Dunn,  Joseph  W  

544 

King,    Peter  

Tavlor    Andrew  J 

Truscott,  Matthew  H  

544 

Eckert,  Jacob  L  

552 

Lyon,  Ivan  D  

568 

Turner,  John  W  

496 

Elfers,  Henry  J  

451 

Ott,  Lawrence  

Wassem,  George  F  

556 

Galloway,  Thomas  B  

544 



Wassem,  Mrs.  George  F  

556 

Goldstone,    Samuel  

528 

Pettibone,   Nathaniel   B 

564 

Witt,  James  

Gould,  Norman  

478      Pfeufer,    Joseph  

564      Zehner,   Isaac  

564 

LATAH  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Aldrich,  Benjamin  F  

To: 

Burr,  Homer  E.  

735 

Davis,   William    W  

670 

Anderson    Almarine  A 

746 

DePartee,  Joseph  C.'  

Anderson,  George  W  
Anderson!  John  I.!.'!!.'.'! 

699 
694 

Callison,  Samuel  P... 
Cameron,    Daniel  

Dobson,  Arthur  A  
I^ougharty,   George   H  
Driskel,   Daniel    W  

732 
723 
737 

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  682 

Cameron,   Murdock.  .  . 

650 

Dygert,    Albert  

637 

Atchison/EdwardP  '.'.'.'.'.'. 

676 
728 

Campbell,  Frank  
Canfield,   Homer   W.  . 

709 
675 

Ebel,  Charley  

740 

Carter,    William  

639 

Ely,  Wellington  L  

634 

Barton,  Robert  H  

636 

Chambers,  Samuel  T.. 

Bartroff,  William  

708 

Chandler,  Charles  

700 

Erichson,   Henry  '.  ....'.. 

:'.;:;  III. 

Bean,  Walter  W  

653 

Chancy,    Livey   J  

700 

Estes,    Archie    B  

644 

Beardsley,  O  

747 

Chapman,   David  

742 

Evits,    Michael  

724 

Beardsley,    Orton    W.... 
Beasley,    Richard  

639 
654 

Charles,   Alexander   II 
Christie,  -Thomas  H.. 

667 
665 

Flomer,   Henry  

733 

Bechtel,-  Martin  

662 

Clark,  James  W  

654 
638 

Frazier,  William  M  
Freeze     John 

713 

Bell,  Robert  J  

640 

Clyde,  Peter  

;:::::::::;;  695 

Freeze,  John  P.  ............. 

692 

Belvail,  William  R  

600 

Cobbs,    Hartzell  

669 

Freeze,   Michael   C  

693 

Berry,  Franklin  M  

70S 

Colburn,    Alfred  

696 

Berry,  James   D  

686 

Cole,   Ezra  L  

734 

Gale,  George  W  

Biddison,  Amon  K  
Biram,  William  L  
Booth,   George  M  

701 
657 
744 

Collins,    James    H.... 
Collins,   Joseph  R  
Comer,   William  -A... 

634 
648 
660 

Gamble,    Daniel  
Geiger,    Joseph  
Gilbert,  Horace  E  

742 
666 
712 

Bottjer,   John....,  
Bowks3,'  Ru7useiM~.  .'.'.'.'.'.'. 

724 
715 
723 

Cone,   Benjamin  F.,.. 
Copeland,  Lloyd  D... 
Crocker,   John    S  

690 
684 
730 

Gower,  Charles  H  
Grant,    James  
Green,   Albert  J  

642 
697 
643 

Bowman,  Charles  E  

672 

Crooks,  Birt  

706 

Green,  Joseph  M  

657 

Brillhart,   George    H:  

Crowley,   Thomas.... 

744 

Griner,  George  W  .". 

666- 

'.'.'."""  708 

Griner,  John  E  

651 

Buchanan,  William  A.  .  .  . 

737 

Dailey,   James   E  

....  668 

Gummere,  Currency  A  

......  726 

Bundy,  Harvey  J  
Burdic,  Fredric  F  

633 
680 

Dale,   William   P  
Damrkon,    Gustav.  .  .  . 

653 
687 

Hadley,  George  W  

737 

Burger,   Christ  

735 

Davidson.    Joseph  

719 

Hafenjohn  J  

691 

Burke,  Edward  L  

746      Davis  David  R  

720      Halliday,  Andrew  E  

643. 

Halverson.    John  

703 

May,    Frank  

PAGE 
7°9 

Scharnhorst,   Charley  J  

712 

Hanson,   Christian  

698 

McBane,  Gillis  J  

681 

Scharnhorst,  Christian  

720 

Hanson,    Henry  

691 

McCann,    Charles    W  

641 

Scharnhorst,    Fred  

717 

Haon,  John  B  

676 

McClellan,   Joseph    L  

722 

Schuh,  Louis  P  

747 

Harreld    John    H 

700 

McCown,  Louis  B  

683 

Sharp,  Jasper  P  

Harrison.  Jacob  L  

658 

McCoy,    Hamlin  

677 

Sin,-!,  Is,  Charles  W  

642 

Hart,    Nelson  

729 

AlcKen/ie,   Angus  

688 

Shields,   M.   J  

652 

Hasfurdher,  J.  Nicholas  

657 

McKenzie.  Donald  

749 

Su-v.rs.  George  .... 

734 

Hawkins,    Herbert   L  

677 

Michael,  George  W  

685 

Sievert,    Goswin  

682 

Hawley,    N.   M  

728 

Michelson,  Lewis  

Silvey,  Samuel  T  

723 

Headington,  William  .1  

647 

Miller    Jacob  H 

688 

Smith     Andrew   J 

212 

Heinrich     Xa'vicr  

659 

Miller,  James  L  

647 

Smith!  Charles  F  

.....  674 

i  Mil.   Gi-orge   W.   P  

733 

Miller.  John   C  

672 

Smith,  Henry  C  

Hjelm,    John  

692 

Mochel,    Benjamin    F  

662 

Smith,  Hezekiah  M  

701 

Hobart,'  Charles  

738 

Mochel,  George  L  

659 

Smith,   Marques  L  

Holbrook,    Noyes   B  
Holt    Charles  B 

702 
..  748 

Moore,    Charles  

Mnrpv    Osrar  V 

750 
698 

Smith,  Thomas  A  

'.'.'.'.'.  738 

Hopkins,  Liles  A  

715       Muncey,  Marion  F  ".. 

658 

Stanford,  Norman  A  

.....  645. 

704       Munson,   Charles  J  

713 

Starner,   John   A  

.....  693 

Howell,    Albert  

698 

671 

Howell.   Henrv  

649 

Naylor,  John  L  

75i 

Strong"'  JamlT™  S  .'  .'  .'  .'  .'  .'  .'  .'  '.'.'.'. 

Hunt,  Daniel  

1  hitcliison,   James  

725 
664 

Nelson,   August  
Nelson,    Christian  

702 
702 

Sullivan,    John  
Sullivan,  John   S  

7i9 

Hutchison,  John  H  

665 

Normoyle,    Michael    C  

73i 

Swenson,    Engel   C  

Notman,  David,  Jr  

694 

Irvine,  Landon  C  

638 

Tharp,  William  W  

689 

Oderlin,  Charles  H  

721 

Tegland,  George  

659 

Johann,    Peter  

-665 

Olson,    Nicholas  
Olson    Olof 

......  678 
671 

Thomas'  Martin"  v""  

700- 

Johnson,  Casper  

'.'.'.'.'.'.  682 

Otness,  Ole  

691 

Thompson,  William  N  

'.'.'.'.'.  667 

Johnson!  Kli   M.:  

687 

Owen,  John  J.  

74i 

Tierney,    Thomas  

727 

Tohnston,   John   D  

733 

Towne,  Charles  B  

651 

Johnston,  Joseph  C  

732 

Palmer,   Charles    W.... 

Tucker,  George  W  

743 

Jones,    Benjamin    J  

649 

Palmer,    Elmer    P  

Tuckey,  Elias  

741 

Jones,    Fred    W  

674 

Pauls,    Peter...  

705 

Tritt,   Samuel  H  

739 

646 

Tweedt,  Hans  C.  J  

663 

Kincaid,  James  M  

717 

Peterson,  Oliver  S  

:.".::  686 

Urquhart,   David  

749 

673 

Pickering,   Rees  

655 

Kluss.    Theodor  

664 

Pierce.    George    W  

752 

Vandevanter,   Moses  

736 

Knowlcs,   Oliver   W  

686 

Platt,   Edward  T  

669 

Vande  walker,  C.  V  

744 

Kresselt.  Frederick  P  

660 

Pledger,  John  W  

679 

Vassar,   Tames  R  

676 

651 

Poindexter,  Thomas  S  

635 

Visby,   Niels   J  

640 

Lackner,   Daniel  
Langdon,     George  
Langdon,    Samuel    J  
Larson,     Oscar  
Lander,  William  C  
Lazelle,  Isaac  W  
Lazelle,    Sunnier   C  

670 
637 
751 
649 
746 
699 
718 

Randall.    Virgil  
Randolph,    John    S  
Kav.    Charles   E  
kavlmni,    Frank  
Ream.     John  
RekdaJil,  Benedick  B  
Richardson,   Richard   F  

721 

745 
730 
740 
684 

Wahl,    Christian  
Walker,  George  W  
Weber,   Gottfried  
Webster,  Frank  W  
Welch,  William  M  
Whetstine,   Robert    S  

673 
736 
750 

::::::  | 

Leasure.  William  H  
Leonard.  Frank  L  
Lestoe    Hans  J 

645 
646 

6^4 

Riellv.   Joseph  

Kiel  man.  Ulrich  C...-  

..-..  743 

661 
697 

Williams,  Andrew'  b!  '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
Wilson,  James  T  
Wolfe,  George  W  
Wolfenberger,   James   A  
Wolheter,  Washington  
Woodworth,  Ray  

E:?! 

696, 

745 

Lieuallen,    Almon    A  
Lynd!    Andrew  

635 
668 
678 

Roberts,   A.    Henrv  
Roberts,   John  
Rogers,  Henry  M  
Ross,   James   W  

7°7 
730 
655 
679 

Madison,    Canud  

739 

Rudd,   Bryant  M  

ATadsen,    Niels  

740 

Yarbrough,  John  B  

'661 

Mauuire.    William    S  

726 

Sardam,  Porter  D  

70S 

Yockev.  Charles  W  

641 

MalU'rv,    Herman   W  

734 

Sawyer,  George  H  

703 

Young/George  E  

729- 

Manwaring,   John  

654 

Scharbach,    Paul  

707 

Yountr.  William  W  

644- 

LATAH  COUNTY 

PORTRAITS. 

Anderson,    Martin  
•Cameron,    Daniel..     . 

680 
633 

Headington,  William  1 
Horton,   John   H  

kl  656 

Miller,  Mrs.  John  C  
Munson,    Charles    J  

.  ...  672 
712 

•Collins,   Joseph   R  
Davis,    David    R  

648 

Hutchison,  John  H... 

** 

Rekdahl,  Benedick  B  
Rekdahl,  Martha  B  

....  680 
....  680 

Jones,   Benjamin  J... 

648 

Sievert    Goswin 

680 

Freeze,   John  

712 

Kluss,   Theodore   and 

family  664 

Strong,  James  R  
Sullivan,  John  S  

....  648 

Ty'             a          

Larson,  Oscar  

648 

•Gilbert,  Horace  E  

712 

Visby,   Niels   J   and   family... 

....  640 

Hawley,  N.  M  

728 

McBane,  Gillis  J  

McKenzie,  Angus  

680 

Wolheter,  Washington  

....  -696 

Headington,   Mrs.   Mattie.... 

648 

Miller,  John  C  

672 

Wolheter,  Mrs.  Washington.  .  .  . 

....  696 

KOOTENAI  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHICAL. 


Allbaugh,  William  F  

978 

Carr,  Carey  

936 

Dwyer,  William  P  

954 

Allen,  Albert  B  

967  ' 

Carroll,  John  D  

909 

855 

Carter.  Willis  

907 

East,  Hughes  

964 

Anderson,  Joseph  

844 

Case,  Albert  R  

Eaton,  Albert  D  

928 

839 

Casey,  James  P  

937 

Eaton,  William   

'  879 

858 

Eckert,  James  R  

Antelope,  Morris  ............ 

972 

Chambard,  Louis  

836 

Edwards,  Henrv  R  

:::.".:'.  841 

Arrapa,  Stanislaus  

973 

Chambers,  Clarence  

965 

Egbers,  Robert  C  

946 

Baeck  Carl 

Chisholm,  Donald  H  

846 

857 

Fge,  George  L  
Ehlcrt   William  

903 
873 

Baldwin,  Harry  L  

932 

Christenson,  Andrew    

Eilert,  Louis  E  

868 

Baldwin,  Mrs.  "James  T  

854 

Cisco,  William  E  

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  916 

Elderton,  William  

916 

Barnes,  Joseph  I  

849 

Cleland,  William  H  

866 

Elsasser,  John  T  

861 

Barza.  Beer   

972 

Coleman,  George  E  

890 

Elsasser,  William  R  

861 

Baslington,  William  

874 

Cole,  William  S  

969 

Emerson,  R.  King  

958 

Batters.  George  

922 

886 

. 

844 

Bauer    Joseph  A 

884 

Erlenwein    Louis  W  

845 

Beck,  Simon  

:::::§ 

Cook,  Willis  H  

Esch,  Daniel  

Bennett,  Percy  J  

865 

Cooper,  George  

'.'.'.....  902 

Esch,  Levi   

Bentlev,  Delbert  H  

926 

Cooper,  Jasper  

Bentley,  F.dmond  J  

927 

Corzine,  Lorenzo  D  

::;::::  T3o 

Feely,  Charles  W  

976 

Benton,  Thomas  

834 

Crandall,  Elisha  4  

931 

Feely,  Clarence  H.  

977 

Bigelow,  David  E  

832 

Cmishaw,  John   

867 

Feelv,  IrvanE  

977 

925 

Crow,  Levi  

..  964 

Feely,   Tames  J  

893 

Blessing,  Titus  

957 

Gulp.  Charles  W  

977 

Feely,  Thomas  N  

837 

Berth  wick,  Robert  C  

870 

Curtis,  Abner  

927 

Fenn,  Thomas  H  

965 

966 

Ferbrache,  James   G  

851 

Bo^enr,aAlfredn  .  .  '. 
Boyker,  Louis  E  

873 
859 

Dahlgren,   Frank    
Danner,  John  H  

937 

Ferbrache,  Peter  A  
Ferguson,  James  C  

850 
950 

Bradley,  James  M  
Bragaw,  Robert  S  

892 
862 

Darknell,  Arthur  A  
Davis,  Frank  A  

.......  854 

Fernan,  John  
Ferrell,  William  W  

866 
920 

Brant,  Trven  J  
Brengman,  John  P  
Brophv,  Joseph  G  
Brophv,  Thomas  

932 
884 
881 
899 

Davis,  Walker  R  
Dawson.  William  
Dutrick,    Isaac   N  
Denison,  Jesse  

952 
964 
930 
883 

Finney,  David  F  
Finnev.  Ezekiel  M  
Fisdior,  Ernest  F  
Fisher,  Fred  C  

877 
878 
927 
974 

Brown,  David   

952 

Fisher,  Tames  A  

895 

Brown,  William  H  
Bruce,   Malcolm   
Bunting,  Arthur  E  

855 

8 

Dighton.  Edward  
Dingman,  Ross   
Dittemore,  Louis  T  

968 
886 

Kislv.M-;  Toseph  
Flemming,  George  W  -. 
Frederic,  John  \V  

970 
947 
896 

.Hunting,  Robert   
Burke,  Richard  W  

E:S 

Dobson,  John  H  
Dolan,  James  E  

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  853 

.     .     859 

Frost,  Arthur  E  
Fry,  George  

955 
855 

Burnham,  H.  E  

976 

Doust,'  Edwin   

856 

Fry,  Richard  A  

860 

Draves,  Rudolph  

843 

Cable,  William  H.... 

900 

Dugan,  Joseph  T  J... 

961 

Geek,  Henrv  

949 

Caldwell,  John  

839 

Duncan,  John  H  

Gerrard,    William    

904 

Dunlap    John 

Gertum,  Charles  

Campbell,  Thomas  S  .... 

939 

.".."..".:  847 

'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  840 

Girard,  Peter  
Gleeson,  James   
Goohy,  Robert  M  

Graham.  Arthur  H'.  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
Graham,  James  A  
Grant,  John  C  
Graves,  H    L  
Graves,  Rufus  H  
Greaves,  John  W  
Green,  Alphonzo  A  
Green,  Charles  S  
Green,  James  A  
Green,  Wallace  P  
Griffus,  Henry  R  
(-.imii.  Francis  M  
Culhric.  ChnmxyE  
Guthrie,  James  H  
Guthrie,  Marion  

Hager,  John  
Handy,  Joseph  W  
Hart,  Warren   A  

Hays,  George  L  
Henry,  Samuel  E  

Hkkey^lichaTl  A!  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
Hite,  Nicholas  
Hoar,  William  R  
Holm,  Thomas  -  
Holton,  George  
Hooker,  Gabe  H  
-Horn.  Charles   
Howell.  George  W  
Howes,    Stephen    B  
Hudlow,  Alford  W  
Huguenin,  Tell   

Jackson,  Charles  

teS":::::::::: 

Johnson,  Peter  G  
Jones,  Andrew  J  
Jones,  Mahlon  P  

Jorgensen,  Hans  L  

Kamlin,  Charles  E  
Kenecly,  James  H  
Kent,    Andrew   J  
Keyser,   Henry    
King,  Clement  B  
Knudsor.,  Herman   

Lagers,  James  T  
Lancaster,  William  S  
Larson,  John  
LaVergne,  Louis  
Leaf,  Andrew   
LeHuquet,  John  
Lemly,  William  11  
Lemon.  Thomas  J  
Ubby,  William  E  
Lin.lMrom,    Peter  '  
Lyon,  Leveritt  V 
Lyon.  William  H  
Lyons,  William  

Macha.  Bona  .  .  . 
Manning.  Harlan  P  
Markham,  Francis  M  
ivlarkham,  Lvman  F  

973 
882 
934 

.'.'.'::;;  842 
950 
970 
938 
948 
874 
895 
926 
891 
960 
963 
838 
841 
84i 

896 

;;;;;;'.  863 
876 
pjg 
960 
906 
905 
.889 
942 
894 

934 
853 
908 

930 
883 

833 
979 
874 
952 
857 
834 
857 
941 

:::::::  | 

:;;;;;:  894 
835 

....  886 

880 
864 

951 

::::::;  1 

'.:'.:'.:;  %£. 

935 

912 
909 

972 

933 
911 

947 

Martin,  Emory  B  

904 

Richmond,  Jerry  
Riggs.  Iral   
Riley,  John  W  

951 
972 
••  937 
871 
962 
903 

Mashburn,  Pink  C  
Masterson,  O.  B  

963 
896 

McCarthy,  Timothy  
McCune,  Tohn  
McDonald,  James  
McGuire,  Annie  
Mcllhargey,  John  
McKenzie,  Duncan  S.-  
McKinnon,  Norman  
McLean,  John  
Mel  ellan  Robert 

953 
853 
947 
892 
948 
949 
917 
961 
948 

Ritchev,  Samuel  B  
Robacher.  William  H  
Roberts,  Josiah  

Rochat,  Henri  
Ross,  Branson  M  
Roth,  Victor  W  
Russell,  Frank 

929 

.  .  .  :.   923 
897- 

Russell,  Tames  E  

Ryan,  William  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Sage,  Anthony  A  
Sage,  Reuben  J  

893 

973 
946 

McLennan,  Louis  
Melder,  Henry  
Merritt,  Andrew  A  
Merritt,  Donald  O  
Merritt,  Jay  K  
Miller  Adolph 

::..E 

860 

942 
941 

943 
939 
919 
883 
851 
971 
912 
912 
931 

875 
940 
832 
879 
968 

Saltese,  Chief  
Sanburn,  Jay  R  
Sander,  V.  W  
Schroeder,  John  F  
Schussman,  Frank  
Scott,  Ansel  1  
Scott,  Thomas  H  
Settle,  John  W  
Shafcr,    John   
Sharai,  Wellington  F  
Sharplev,    Richard  

974 
902 
901 
891 
929 
919' 
919 
893. 
921 
888. 
956 

Miller,  Gustav  
Miller,  Sylvester  
Mills,  Thomas  W  
Moc-Til-Ma,  Peter  
Montgomery,  Thomas  E  
Montgomery,  Zachariah  
Murray,  Robert  

Nelson,  Christ  
Nelson,  James  
Nelson  John 

Shear,  Cyrus  B  
Shear,  Edward  A  
Sinclair,  Janet  R  
Sisson.  William  E  
Skelton,  John  W  
Slayter,  James  W  
Sloop,  Jacob  A  
Sluyter,  Westol  H  
Smith,  Charles  
Smith,  ColonS  
Smith,  David  K.... 
Smith,  Joseph   
Smith,  Samuel  L.  .  . 
Smith,  Ulvssis  G  .". 
Snyder,  Washington  
Sorenson,  Peter  C  
Stockwell,  Benjamin  F  
Stone.  James  M  
Stone,  William  T  
Stuve,  Edward   
Stuve,  Louis  
Sullivan.  Wesley  
Swofford,  Harvey  J  

Tank,  Henry  .... 
Tautenhahn,  Richard  
Therleen,  John   
Thompson,  Ruth  A  
Thompson,  Robert  C  
Thorp,  Elbridge  W  
Titus,  George  S  
Towle,  Walter  R.... 
Travis,  Albert  E  
Triplett,  William  L  
Tyson    Tames 

940- 
940- 
859 
830 
969- 
958 
849 
873 
936 
925 
856 
843. 
836 
944 
954 
944 
880 
95° 
978 
971 
971 
976 
922 

852 
905. 

.......  924 
920- 
907 
872 
878^ 
956 
9OO' 
962 

870. 
876 

925. 
929 
962 

::::::  K 

....    022- 

Nelson,  Nels  
Newcomb.  George  O  

Nilson,  Carl  
Noble,  Albert  H  

Oakland,  August  
O'Brien,  John  J  
O'Callaghan,  Charles  
Ohogge,  John  
Olds,  Charles  
O'Neal,  William  
Osier,  Gilbert  F  
Owen,  Calvin  
Owen,  Frederick  M  
Owen,  Payton  W  

Palmer,  Aaron  W  
Parent,  Joseph  C  
Pearce,  Daniel  W  
Pearson,  Jonas  P  
Peterson,  R.  Nels  
Peterson,  Tonas  G  
Peterson,  Martin  
Phifer,  David  
Piatt,  Abram  M  
Piatt  Martin  L 

943 

908 
928 
916 
858 
845 
968 
915 
930 
930 
852 

831 
915 
875 
861 
847 
923 
847 
9H 
831 
830 

Plonske,  August  
Plonske,  William  F  
Poirier,  Joseph  
Post,  Frederick  
Price.  William  C.  T  
Provost,  Joseph  

Quarles,  Jesse  P  
Quirie,  Alexander  
Quinn,  Frank  H  

Ramev,  Sylvester  
Ray  Fdward  C 

912 

i::::^ 
829 
890 
923» 

957 
978 
955 

970 
956 

Tyson,  John  Q  

Ulbright,  Amel  
Ulbright,    Ernest    P  

Van  Cleve,  Ernest  

Reinhart,  Ernest  E  
Reinhart,  William  E  
Reimger,  Henry  
Renfro,  Silas  
Rhodes,  Samuel  F  

838 
836 
924 
959 
....  887 

VanOrsdal,  Amos  D  
Vesscr,  Samuel  
Viebrock,  Henry  

Waggoner.  Charles  .... 

Waggoner,  Francis  M.... 
Wandel,  Henry  
Ware,  James  L  
Warner,  Orson  

913 
842 
918 
935 

Whitney,  George  B  
\\-icks.  Alexander  
Wicks,  Charles  G  
\V.ke.  Floyd  V  

839 
933 
934 
.,  885 

Wood,  Charles  W.... 
Woolery,  John  S  
Worley,  Charles  O  
Wright,  Marcus  D 

869 
863 
974 
862 

Warren,   Otis  F  
Washburn.  Volnev  W  

975 
844 

Williams,  Harry  
W'lliamson   Charles  B 

918 

Wright,  Mary  A  .'  '.  '. 

Watkins,  Samuel"  H  
VYhalen,'  Patrick  J  
\\hitc-,  A.  K  

945 
955 
832 

Williamson!  Thomas  F!"; 
Willis,  John  W  

Wilson.   Elisha   T  

.".."..".;  840 
907 
960 

Yates,  Hirem  
Yothers.   Levi   
Young,  Ira  L  

917 
899 
945 

Whitney,  Eugene  L  

914      Wilsoni  Robert  "..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

918 

Z.mmerman,  Paul  L  

958 

KOOTENAI  COUNTY  PORTRAITS. 


Baldwin,  Mrs.  J.  T  
Barnes  Joseph  I 

854 

848 

Fry,  Richard  A  

860 

Ray,  Edward  C  

956 

Bennett,  Percy  J  
Bennett,  Mrs.  Percy  J  

864 
864 

Green,  Alphonzo  A  

872 

Reinhart,  William  E  

:::::  1$ 
8-64 

Boyer,  Mrs.  Alfred  
Bradley,  James  M  
Brcngman.  John  P  
Brophy,  Thomas  

Carroll,  John  D  

872 
892 
884 
896 

908 

Hawthorne.  Adam  
Henry,  Samuel  E  
Horn,  Charles  
Kenedy,  James  H  
Kenedy,  Mrs.  James  H  

876 
96o 
908 
896 
896 

Russell,  James  E  

Sharai,  Wellington  F  
Sloop,  Jacob  A  
Sluvter,  Westol  H  
Smith,  Charles  

896 

:::::  848 
872 
936 

Chambard,  Louis   
Chambard,  Mrs.  Louis  

836 
836 

Larson,  John  
Larson,  Mrs.  John  

864 
864 
848 

Smith,  Samuel  I  
Smith,  Mrs.  Samuel  L  
Sorensen,  Peter  C  

836 
....  836 

....  944 

Banner,   John   H  
Darknell,  Arthur  A  

Eaton,   William    ... 
Ehlert,  William  
Khlert.  Mrs.  William  
Esch,  Levi  

Feeley,  Thomas  N  
Feely,  Mrs.  Thomas  N  

Ferrell,'  WilliamW.'  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
Frederic,  John    vv  

836 
884 

9o£ 
872 
872 
896 

836 
836 
864 
920 
896 

Lyon,  William  H  

Markham,  Francis  M.... 
Markham.  Lyman  F  
McCarter,'  William  M  
Montgomery,  Zachariah  

Oakland,  August  
O'Brien,  John  J  

Phifer,   David   
Post,  Frederick  

908 
884 

908 

868 
904 

908 
9^8 

908 
829 

Thompson,  Mrs.  Ruth  A  
Towlc,  Walter  R  
Tyson,  James  

Vesser,  Samuel  

Washburn,  Volney  W  
White,  A.  K  
Wike  Flovd  V  
\\  illian^on,  Charles  B  
Williamson,  Thomas  F  

Yothers,  Levi  

....  848 
....  900 
....  864 

....  844 
....  832 
....  884 
840 
840 

....  896 

SHOSHONE  COUNTY  BIOGRAPHICAL. 


Addle,  James  M  

£ 

Billberg,  Henry  

123 

Cardoner.  Damian  

*tf 

Bitner,  George  F  

60 

Carlson,  August  

i_>4 

Blake,  Edwin  W  

Carlson.  John  

Anderson,  Ole  A.  .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. 

Bole,  Henry  H  

69 

Chandler,  William  M  

119 

Auld.  John  

171. 

Bond,  James  

06 

Gaget.  W.H  

066 

Aulbach,  Adam  

133 

Bookwalter,  Albert  E  
Bovce,  Eleanor  

09 
86 

Clark.  John  W  
Cleek,  Isaac  D  

!,!s 

Bacon,  Richard  P  

140 

Boyden,  Chester  B  

07 

Cogswell,  Arthur  C  

ofa 

Balch,  Albert  S  

Brady,  J.  A  

Cole,  Cyrus  J  

091 

Ball,  George  F  

Braham,  Charles  O  

57 

Coleman,  George  W  

1*1 

Barnard,  Thomas  N  

Brand,  William  J  

069 

Coller,  Harry  

124 

S7 

Coumerilh,  William  

144 

Bauman,  Phillip  ."!.'  !.'!.'!.'!'!  !  i  !  .'  .' 

Bayne.  John  L  

1  6b 

001 

Brown,  Emn  E!  '.'.'.'.'.'.  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

77 
04 

Cowen,  Israel  B  
Crawford.  Al  C  

005 
069 

Beams,  Eugene  P  

Bechtel,  Louis  F  

193 

62 

Davenport,  Joel  

195 

Beck,  Joseph  E  
Bellmer,  Charles  H.  

rod 

Bryant,  Hiram  

91 

Davis,  Warren  N  
Daxon,  Richard  

Belville,  Martin  
Bennett.  Charles  E  

093 

Campbell,  Joseph  A.  R  

89 

Day,  Henry  L  
Dav.  Harrv  L  

080 

1  80 

PAGE 

PAGE 

PAGE 

I  Hckinson,  Charles  F  
Donnelly.  Thomas  H  
Drew.  John  T  
Dulmage,  E  Howard  

.".."..."75 

Hartmus,  Edwin  M  
I  lean'..  R.  P  
Heller  Eliza  

1118 

Morgan,  Benjamin  F  
Moritx,  Jacob       . 
Myers,  William  H  '. 

1095 
"51 
"09 
1168 

Eieyburn,  Wetdon  B  

1094 

Newbury,  John  H.... 

"45 

Eby,  Charles  L  '..... 

I    21 

11,11.  Josiah  

"90 

Xistler,  Ludwig  

1174 

Fbv.  lohn  W  

i"9 

Holmberg,  Axel  E  

1116 

Noble,  Horace  R.... 

Eccle's,  Joseph  G  

1162 

Hoover,  William  H  

1074 

Noonan,  Martin  

Horn  Robert  T 

Nordquist   John  H 

Edmonson,  Frank  M  

II3 

Horst,  Elias  E  

II20 

i-iiMuquiai.,  juiiii  a.  
Norman,  Samuel  

IO/3 
1067 

Edwards,  Frank  J  

Horton,  Abraham  P  

1202 

Northrup,  William  P  

1134 

Ehrenberg,  Charles   

'.'  084 

Hovev,  George  E  

1069 

Noyes,  Louis  A  

1139 

Ehrenberg.  Gus   

081 

Uuckeiberry,  Charles  

"49 

Nuckols,  Anderson  W  

Ehrenber"  J    Walter.  .. 

Hunt,  Robert  W  

1163 

Nuss,  Calvin  

......  1  188 

Elben,   Samuel  

I48 

Hunt,  Charles  D  

1166 

Flliott,  TohnM  

......  164 

Hunt,  Thomas  W  

"66 

Olin,  John  S  

1131 

I'll,,.  M'arion  A  

138 

Olson,  Edward  

1079 

Erb,  George  E  

Fvirs   John  W 

132 

Ihrig,  Henry  C  

"31 

0  :  Veil.  Laurence  
Osburn,  Stephen  V  

"39 

Jacobs,  Jerome  F  

1075 

Otto,  Albert  '.'. 

"47 

Fairweather,  Stanley  P  
Falconer,  William  M  
Farrar,  William  H  
Farrell,  William  H  
Featherstone,  Albert  H  

..''..    118 
072 
070 

Jameson,  Ralph  R  

Jenkins,  Benjamin  E  
Johnson,  Charles  M  
Johnson    Frank  F 

177 
"27 

Page,  Alfred  
Pannebaker,  Joshua  
Parker,  Clyde  S  
Pascoe,  Richard  H  

"31 
"04 
1187 

Feehan,  John  C  
Ferguson,  Columbus  B  
Finfayson,  Donald  A  

148 
154 
182 

Johns,,,,,  John  B  
lones.  Charles  H./  
Jones,  Christian  D.  ......... 

;'..".!Y.io89 

"05 

Paulsen,  August  
Peeples.  Drew  W  
Pelkes,  John  

"95 
1180 

Flaig,  B  

193 

"lone-    1  lenry  A 

Pennev,  Norton  R  

1108 

l-link.    John    W  

"3 

jCnesiOD.    . 

.......IC&2 

Perkins,  Clinton  E  

"23 

Ford.  I'.arnet  

"5 

Jones,  Walter  A  

Perrin,  Charles  S  

"70 

Foreman,  Frank  L  

167 

Peterson,  Gus  

1114 

Fort,  Charles  E  
Fortin.  Joseph  E  
1-oss.  lohn  H  
Foster,  Milton  P  
Frazer.  William  F  
Freeman,  Jesse  

.".."..".    i<X5 
143 
154 
070 
065 

Keane,  Patrick  
K.llv,  Fred.  H  
KellV,  Robert  S  
Kendall,  Joseph  B  
Kingsbury,  Roy  H  

"35 
1068 
"93 
172 
084 

Peterson.  Peter  E  
Porter.  David  A  
Porter,  Frederick  P  
Pott,  Burd  P  
Potter,  Grant  S  
Price,  Daniel  W  

Y.Y.YlioSs 

1130 

1091 
1183 

Free-nan,  Otto  

080 

Prichard,  Floyd  M  

Fridstrand,  Charles  

Lafavre,  Charles  A  

"59 

Friend,  Eugene  S  
Fuller,  Clifford  C  
Fuller.  Steward  

155 
129 

Landes,  Clarence  C  
L.-mdon,  Wellington  
Larson,  Joseph  N  

127 

Read,  Harold  J  
Reed,  Thomas  B  ' 
Reeves,  Charles  H..."  

1089 
"46 
TOSS 

Puller,  William  D  

186 

Lehman,  Abraham  L  

084 

Rennick,  Miles   

1189 

Furst,  John  C  

Leonard,  James   
Lesher,  George  S  

104 

KielKinlson,   Harry   N  
Riddle,  Thad  C  

i"S 

Gaffnev,  Bridget  
Gaffnev,  Frank   
Gaftm'v,  John  }  
G-iffnev    William 

'•:::•:.  $ 

098 

Linn,  Ole  H  
Linn,  Samuel  H  
Lockman,  Jacob  
Lyle,  James  

Y.Y.Y.'.iios 

Riggs,  William  M  
Roberts,  Andrew  M  
Roberts,  Louis  C  
Robirts    Josiah  J 

1177 

"79 
"65 

Gav,  Lndowk-k  \V  

176 

Robirts.  Mtrrel  R.  .'.'..'.'.'.'.'.'. 

.Y.Y.Y.iios 

George,  Milo  L  

......    150 

Malier,  Michael  

Roby,  Elbert  C  

1158 

Gilbert,  Henry  T  

180 

"53 

Rogers,  Heenen  J  

Gilbert,  Thomas  

181 

Mallon"  Carie°HgC  .  . 

071 

Roof,  Oliver  S  

1117 

Gillice,  Francis  F  

Mauley,  Charles  

Roos,  Ferd,  Jr  

1163 

Gilpatrick,  George  E  

134 

M.irkwell,  Frank  P  

090 

Rose.  Francis  M  

1129 

Gisel    Jacob 

164 

Mark-well    J    Fred 

Rossi,  Herman  J 

Glowe,  John  A  

139 

MarkwelC  Sylvester  .."...'.. 

.Y.Y.'.Y.  089 

Rothrock,  Frank  M.  ........ 

1094 

Goddard.  William   F  

197 

Marshall,  Angus  D  

071 

Goodman,  David  F  

150 

129 

Safford,  James  L.... 

1186 

Grav,  Horatio  I  

099 

Matchette.  Franklin'  P.Y.Y. 

194 

Saling,  Francis  M  

1072 

Greenwald,  Fred  C  

109 

.Matthew,  Edward  R  

158 

Samuels,  Henry  F  

1079 

Greer,  John  

096 

.Mays,  C.  W  

Savage,  Jeremiah  M  

1  178 

Griffith,  Thomas  O  

078 

MrDougall,  William  

.".".'.'.'.'.'.  185 

Schill,  Charles  

1152 

Groves,  Henry  

103 

McFachern,  Daniel  

168 

Schlesinger,  Louis  A  

MeC.llivrav,  Ally  

Schmidt.  Anna  

1157 

Hale,  Ellis  L  

076 

McKinnis,  "George  .... 

.:::::::  178 

Schue,  Peter  

Hales,  William  T  

126 

McKissick,  David  C  

Shamberger,  William  D  

1172 

174 

McLeod.  Roderick  J  

too 

Sheehv,  William  J  

097 

Melroy.  Charles   

137 

Shuster.  Thomas   

1179 

Hansen,  John  H  .'.'.'.'. 

.Met/.  John  F  

Simmonds,  Thomas  H  

1186 

Harbin,  Daniel  F.  

,8.' 

Miller,  William  R  

'.','.'.'.'.'.  076 

1142 

Hare,  Maurice  H  

101 

Moe.  William  K  

090 

Skonnord,  Bernt  O  

1152 

Harris,  George  W  

194 

Moffitt  Edward  H  

093 

Small,  Ellis  

1105 

Harris,  George  W  

197 

Molloy,  John  T  

Smith,  Abraham  L  

"57 

1 
Smith    Andrew  T 

AGE 

abor,  Jesse  W  

T 

Ward,  Harry  P  ic 

Smith'  Clarence  P  

17° 

albot,  Charles  H  

140 

Warren,  Aaron   S  

Smith,  Edwin  

156 

aylor,  James  H  

081 

Uiiikms,   Amos  

Smith,  Frank  

165 

aylor.  Marshall  M  

077 

Weber,   Philip    P  

bmith,  Frank  S  

164 

'eats,  Mrs.  Mary  E  

'95 

Wentz,  Charles  H  

Smith,  Paul  F  

083 

'hoinas,  Thomas  C....?  

t66 

White,  John  P  

Smith,  William  H  

076 

homas,  James  O  

White.    .Michael  

Snyder,  Samson,  Jr  

161 

horkelson,  Gilbert  

117 

Wilkinson,  William   P  

099 

hyne,  John  

183 

Wilkinson;   Wintield   S  

Stedman,  Louie  '\V  '.'.'.'.  

160 

ibbals,  Frank  M  

154 

Williams,   Charles   H  

Stenzel,  Charles  

133 

ilsioy,  John  H  

Wilmot,    Andrew  c 

Stevens,  Fred  A  

173 

oner,  John  J  

199 

Wilson,  Thomas  

Stevens,  Joseph  F  

190 

oner,  Richard  T  

Wilson,  William  P  

St.  Germain,  Israel  

116 

'ucker,    Leroy  

163 

Wimer,  John  W  c 

St.  Jean,  Joseph  E  
St  Jean  Leopold  J 

092 

upper,  Howard  T  
urk,  Engelbert  

142 

Winner,    Nathan    c 
Wood    George  A 

Stonebreaker,  Edward  G  

•  63 

urner,  William  R  .*  

ioo 

Wood,   John    C  

Stringam,  Benjamin  F  
Strode,  Amos  M  

077 
136 

Van  Allen,  John  F  

188 

Wood,  Lyman  
Wright,  Edward  H  

Stuart,  Robert  C  

069 

Vance.  Charles  W  

Wright.  Jesse  T  c 

Swails,  Ethelbert  W  

142 

Van  Derwerken,  Emmet  L  

170 

Wright,  Thomas  

<V3 

Sweet   Lewis  L 

007 

Wadsworth,  William  B  

161 

Young    Peter                                 '         I 

Swicegood,  William  R  
Swinertnn.   William  P  

075 

173 

Walton,    Fred    W  
Ward.   Andrew   B  

095 

17; 

Zeitfnchs.  Emil   ...                         ic 

SHOSHONE  COUNTY  PORTRAITS. 


Bennett,  Charles  E. . 
Brady,  J.  A 


Flink,  John  W 

Furst,  John  C 


1152 

Gaffney,  Frank  

096 

Nordquist,  John  H  

Gaffney,  John  J  

096 

096 

Pascoe    Richard  H 

III2 

' 

Peterson,    Gns  

'.'.'.'.'.  1072 

1136 
1065 

Hammond,  Edward  
Ilan.cn,  John  H  
Heller,  Mrs.  Eltza  
Horst,  Elias  E  \ 

096 

Reeves,  Charles  H!  '.'.'.'.'.'.  '.  '.'.'.  '.  '.'.'. 
Richardson,  Harry  M  

Saling,  Francis  M  

1080 

Leonard,  James  
Linn,  Ole  H  '  

04 

Saling,  Mrs.  Francis  M....:  
Schill,   Charles  

Schue,   Peter   

trr2 

McGillivray,    Ally  .... 
Maitland,   George   A  
Myers,  William  H.... 

52 
68 

Skonnord.  Bernt  O  
Steadman,  Louie  W  
Tilslev,   John  H.... 

INTRODUCTORY 


/  century  is  a  fitting  time  to 
'    :al  histc 


The  opening  of  a  nei 
cast  a  backward  glance  in 
to  the  eye  of  the  present  the  interesting  and  heroic 
events  of  the  past  and  by  comparison  between  past  and 
present  forecast  something  of  the  future. 

Hardly  could  our  task  be  accomplished  without 
some  reference,  even  though  it  must  be  brief  and  frag- 
mentary, to  the  old  Oregon  territory,  of  which  the 
counties  of  northern  Idaho  were  once  parts.  It  had  a 
strange  history.  It  was  the  ignis  fatuus  of  successive 
generations  of  explorers,  luring  them  on  with  that  in- 
describable fascination  which  seemed  always  to  drawn 
men  to  the  ever  receding  circle  of  the  "westmost 
west,"  and  yet  for  years  and  years  veiling  itself  in  the 
mists  of  uncertainty  and  misapprehension. 

We  do  not  usually  realize  how  soon  after  the  time 
of  Columbus  there  began  to  be  attempts  to  reach  the 
western  ocean  and  solve  the  mystery  of  the  various 
passages,  northwest,  southwest,  and  west,  which  were 
supposed  to  lead  through  the  Americas  to  Asia.  The 
old  navigators  had  little  conception  of  the  breadth  of 
this  continent.  They  .thought  it  to  be  but  a  few 
leagues  across,  and  took  for  granted  that  some  of  the 
many  arms  of  the  sea  would  lead  them  through  to 
another  ocean  that  would  wash  the  Asiatic  shores. 

In  1500,  only  eight  years  after  Columbus,  Gasper 
Cortereal,the  Portuguese,  conceived  the  idea  of  entering 
what  afterward  became  known  as  Hudson's  Bay  and 
proceeding  thence  westward  through  what  he  called 
the  strait  of  Anian. 

That  mythical  strait  of  Anian  seems  to  have  had  a 
strange  charm  for  the  old  navigators.  One  of  them, 
Maldonado,  a  good  many  years  later,  gave  a  very  con- 
nected and  apparently  veracious  account  of  his  journey 
through  that  strait,  averring  that  through  it  he  reached 
another  ocean  in  latitude  seventy-five  degrees.  But  by 
means  of  Magellan's  straits  and  the  doubling  of  stormy 
Cape  Horn,  a  connection  between  the  two  oceans  was 
actually  discovered  in  1519. 

In  1543  Ferrelo,a  Spaniard, coasted  along  the  shores 
of  California,  and  was  doubtless  the  first  white  man  to 
gaze  on  the  coast  of  Oregon,  probably  somewhere  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  mouth  of  the  Umpqua  river. 

In  1577  that  boldest  and  most  picturesque  of  all 
English  sailors  and  freebooters,  Francis  Drake,  started 


on  the  marvelous  voyage  by  which  he  plundered  the 
treasures  of  the  Spanish  main,  cut  the  golden  girdle  of 
Manila,  Queen  of  the  treasures  of  the  Spanish  orient, 
skirted  the  coast  of  California  and  Oregon,  and  at  last 
circumnavigated  the  globe. 

But  in  1592,  just  one  hundred  years  after  Colum- 
bus, comes  the  most  picturesque  of  all  these  misty 
stories  which  enwrap  the  early  history  of  Oregon. "  This 
is  the  story  of  Jaun  de  Fuca,  whose  name  is  now  pre- 
served in  our  northwest  boundary  strait.  According 
to  this  romantic  tale  of  the  seas,  Jaun  de  Fuca  was  a 
Greek  of  Cephalonia,  whose  real  name  was  Apostolos 
Yalerianos,  and  under  commission  of  the  king  of  Spain 
he  sailed  to  find  the  strait  of  Anian,  whose  entrance 
the  Spaniards  wanted  to  fortify  and  guard  so  as  to  pre- 
vent ingress  or  egress  by  the  English  freebooters  who 
were  preying  upon  their  commerce.  According  to  the 
account  'given  by  Michael  Lock,  "he  followed  his 
course,  in  that  voyage,  west  and  northwest  in  the  South 
sea,  all  along  the  coast  of  Nova  Spania  and  California 
and  the  Indies,  now  called  North  America  (all  of  which 
voyage  he  signified  to  me  in  a  great  map,  and  a  sea- 
card of  my  own,  which  I  laid  before  him),  until  he 
came  to  the  latitude  of  forty-seven  degrees ;  and  that 
there  finding  that  the  land  'trended  north  and  north- 
west, with  a  broad  inlet  of  sea,  between  forty-seven  and 
forty-eight  degrees  of  latitude,  he  entered  thereinto, 
sailing  more  than  twenty  days,  and  found  that  land 
still  trending  northwest,  and  northeast  and  north,  and 
also  east  and  southeastward,  and  very  much  broader 
sea  than  it  was  at  the  said  entrance,  and  that  he  passed 
by  divers  islands  in  that  sailing;  and  that,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  said  strait,  there  is,  on  the  northwest  coast 
thereof,  a  great  headland  or  island,  with  an  exceeding 
high  pinnacle  of  spired  rock,  like  a  pillar,  thereupon. 
Also  he  said  that  he  went  on  land  in  divers  places, 
and  that  he  saw  some  people  on  the  land  clad  in  beasts' 
skins ;  and  that  the  land  was  very  fruitful  and  rich  of 
gold,  silver  and  pearls  and  other  things,  like  Nova 
Spania.  Also  he  said  that  he  being  entered  thus  far 
into  the  said  strait,  and  being  come  into  the  North  sea 
already,  and  finding  the  sea  wide  enough  everywhere, 
and  to  be  about  thirty  or  forty  leagues  wide  in  the 
mouth  of  the  straits  where  he  entered,  he  thought  he 
had  now  well  discharged  his  office ;  and  that  not  being 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


armed  to  resist  the  force  of  savage  people  that  might 
happen,  he  therefore  set  sail  and  turned  homeward 
again  toward  Nova  Spania,  where  he  arrived  in  Aca- 
pulco,  anno  1592,  hoping  to  be  rewarded  by  the  viceroy 
for  this  service  done  in  the  said  voyage." 

This  curious  bit  of  past  record  has  been  interpreted 
by  some  as  pure  myth,  and  by  others  as  veritable  his- 
tory. It  is  at  any  rate  a  generally  accurate  outline  de- 
scriptive of  the  straits  of  Fuca,  the  gulf  of  Georgia  and 
the  shores  of  Vancouver  Island  and  the  mainland  ad- 
joining. And  whether  or  not  the  old  Greek  pilot  did 
actually  exist  and  first  look  on  our  "Mediterranean  of 
the  Pacific,"  it  is  pleasant  to  imagine  that  he  did  and 
that  his  name  fittingly  preserves  the  memory  of  the 
grand  old  myth  of  Anian  and  the  northwest  pasage. 

There  is  one  other  more  obviously  mythical  tale 
concerning  our  frontier  coast.  It  is  said  that  in  the 
year  1640  Admiral  Pedro  de  Fonte,  of  the  Spanish  ma- 
rine, made  the  journey  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific 
and  return  through  a  system  of  rivers  and  straits,  en- 
tering the  coast  at  about  latitude  fifty-three  degrees. 
Coming  from  Callao  in  April,  1640,  and  after  having 
sailed  for  a  long  distance  through  an  archipelago,  he 
entered  the  mouth  of  a  vast  river,  which  he  named  Rio 
deLos  Reyes.  Ascending  this  for  a  long  distance  north- 
easterly he  reached  an  immense  lake,  on  whose  shores 
he  found  a  wealthy  civilized  nation,  who  had  a  capital 
city  of  great  splendor  called  Conasset,  and  who  wel- 
comed the  strangers  with  lavish  hospitality.  From  this 
lake  flowed  another  river  easterly,  and  down  this  Fonte 
descended  until  he  reached  another  great  lake,  from 
which  a  narrow  strait  led  into  the  Atlantic  ocean. 

There  is  one  curious  thing  about  these  legendary 
voyages  and  that  is  the  general  accuracy  of  their  de- 
scription of  the  coast.  Although  these  accounts  are 
unquestionably  mythical,  it  is  not  impossible  that  their 
authors  had  actually  visited  the  coast  or  had  seen  those 
who  had,  and  thus  gathered  the  material  from  which 
they  fabricated,  with  such  an  appearance  of  plausi- 
bility, their  Munchausen  tales. 

We  are  briefly  referring  to  these  fascinating  old 
legends,  not  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  them  here 
at  any  length,  but  rather  to  remind  the  reader  of  the 
long  period  of  romance  and  myth  which  enveloped  the 
early  history  of  the  northwest  of  which  out  state  forms 
a  part.  Many  years  passed  after  the  age  of  myth  be- 
fore there  were  authentic  voages.  During  the  seven- 
teenth century  practically  nothing  was  done  in  the  way 
of  Pacific  coast  exploration.  But  in  the  eighteenth,  as 
by  common  consent,  all  the  nations  of  Europe  became 
suddenly  infatuated  again  with  the  thought  that  on  the 
western  shores  of  America  might  be  found  the  gold  and 
silver  and  gems  and  furs  and  precious  woods  for  which 
they  had  been  striving  so  desperately  upon  the  eastern 
coast.  English,  French,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  Dutch, 
Russian  and  Americans  entered  their  bold  and  hardy 
sailors  into  the  race  for  the  possession  of  the  land  of 
the  Occident.  The  Russians  were  the  first  in  the  field. 
That  gigantic  power  which  the  genius  of  Peter  the 
Great,  like  one  of  the  fabled  genii,  had  suddenly  trans- 
formed from  the  proportions  of  a  grain  of  sand  to  a 
figure  overtopping  the  whole  earth,  had  stretched  its 


arms  from  the  Baltic  to  the  Aleutian  archepelago,  and 
had  looked  southward  acress  the  frozen  seas  of  Siberia 
to  the  open  Pacific  as  offering  them  another  opportunity 
of  expansion.  Many  years  passed,  however,  before 
Peter's  designs  could'  be  executed.  It  was  1728  when 
Vitus  Behring  entered  upon  his  marvelous  life  of  ex- 
ploration. Not  until  1741,  however,  did  he  thread  the 
thousand  islands  of  Alaska  and  gaze  upon  the  glaciated 
summit  of  Mt.  Elias.  And  it  was  not  until  thirty  years 
later  that  it  was  known  that  the  Bay  of  Avatscha  in 
Siberia  was  connected  by  open  sea  with  China.  In 
1771  the  first  cargo  of  furs  was  taken  directly  from 
Avatscha,  the  chief  port  of  eastern  Siberia,  to  Canton. 
Then  first  Europe  realized  the  vastness  of  the  Pacific 
ocean.  Then  it  understood  that  the  same  waters  which 
frowned  against  the  frozen  bulwarks  of  Kamtchatka 
washed  the  tropic  islands  of  the  South  seas  and  foamed 
against  the  storm-swept  rocks  of  Cape  Horn. 

Meantime,  while  Russia  was  thus  becoming  estab- 
lished upon  the  shores  of  Alaska,  Spain  was  getting 
entire  possession  of  California.  These  two  great  nations 
began  to  overlap  each  other.  Russians  became  estab- 
lished near  San  Francisco.  To  offset  this  movement  of 
Russia,  a  group  of  Spanish  explorers,  Perez,  Mar- 
tinez, Heceta,  Bodega  and  Maurella,  swarmed  up  the 
coast  beyond  the  present  site  of  Sitka. 

England,  in  alarm  at  the  progress  made  by  Spain 
and  Russia,  sent  out  the  Columbus  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  in  the  person  of  Captain  James  Cook,  and  he 
sailed  up  and  down  the  coast  of  Alaska  and  of  Wash- 
ington, but  failed  to  discover  either  the  Columbia  river 
or  the  straits  of  Fuca.  His  labors,  however,  did  more 
to  establish  true  geographical  notions  than  had  the 
combined  efforts  of  all  the  Spanish  navigators  who  had 
preceded  him.  His  voyages  materially  strengthened 
England's  claim  to  Oregon,  and  added  greatly  to  the 
luster  of  her  name.  The  great  captain,  while  tempo- 
rarily on  shore,  was  killed  bylndians,  in  1778,  and  the 
command  devolved  upon  Captain  Clark,  who  sailed 
northward,  passing  through  Behring  strait  to  the  Arctic 
ocean.  The  new  commander  died  before  the  expedition 
had  proceeded  far  on  its  return  journey;  Lieutenant 
Gore,  a  Virginian,  assumed  control  and  sailed  to  Canton, 
China,  a  riving  late  in  the  year. 

The  main  purposes  of  this  expedition  had  been  the 
discovery  of  a  northern  waterway  between  the  two 
oceans  and  the  extending  of  British  territory,  but,  as  is 
so  often  the  case  in  human  affairs,  one  of  the  most 
important  results  of  the  voyage  was  entirely  unsus- 
pected by  the  navigators  and  practically  the  outcome  of 
an  accident.  It  so  happened  that  the  two  vessels  of  the 
expedition,  the  Revolution  and  the  Discovery,  took 
with  them  to  China  a  small  collection  of  furs  from  the 
northwest  coast  of  America.  These  were  purchased  by 
the  Chinese  with  great  avidity,  the  people  exhibiting 
a  willingness  to  barter  commodities  of  much  value  for 
them  and  endeavoring  to  secure  them  at  almost  any 
sacrifice.  The  sailors  were  not  backward  in  communi- 
cating their  discovery  of  a  new  and  promising  market 
for  peltries,  and  the  impetus  imparted  to  the  fur  trade 
was  almost  immeasurable  in  its  ultimate  effects.  An 
entirely  new  regime  was  inaugurated  in  Chinese  and 


HISTORY  OF  NORTH  IDAHO. 


East  India  commerce.  The  northwest  coast  of  Amer- 
ica assumed  a  new  importance  in  the  eyes  of  Europeans, 
and  especially  of  the  British.  The  "struggle  for  pos- 
session" soon  began  to  be  foreshadowed. 

One  of  the  prnicipal  harbors  resorted  to  by  the 
fur-trading  vessels  was  Nootka,  used  as  a  rendezvous 
and  principal  port  of  departure.  This  port  became  the 
scene  of  a  clash  between  Spanish  authorities  and  cer- 
tain British  vessels  which  greatly  strained  the  friendly 
relations  existing  between  the  two  governments  repre- 
sented. In  1779  the  viceroy  of  Mexico  sent  two  ships, 
the  Princess  and  San  Carlos,  to  convey  Martinez  and 
De  Haro  to  the  vicinity  for  the  purpose  of  anticipating 
and  preventing  the  occupancy  of  Nootka  sound  by  fur 
traders  of  other  nations  and  that  the  Spanish  title  to 
the  territory  might  be  maintained  and  confirmed.  Mar- 
tinez was  to  base  his  claim  upon  the  discovery  by 
Perez  in  1774..  Courtesy  was  to  be  extended  to  foreign 
vessels,  but  the  establishment  of  any  claim  prejudicial 
to  the  right  of  the  Spanish  crown  was  to  be  vigorously 
resisted/ 

Upon  the  arrival  of  Martinez  in  the  harbor,  it  was 
discovered  that  the  American  vessel  Columbia,  and  the 
Iphigenia,  a  British  vessel,  under  a  Portuguese  flag, 
were  lying  in  the  harbor.  Martinez  at  once  demanded 
the  papers  of  both  vessels  and  an  explanation  of  their 
presence,  vigorously  asserting  the  claim  of  Spain  that 
the  port  and  contiguous  territory  were  hers.  The  Cap- 
tain of  the  Iphigenia  pleaded  stress  of  weather.  On 
finding  that  the  vessel's  papers  commanded  the  cap- 
ture, under  certain  conditions,  of  Russian,  Spanish  or 
English  vessels.  Martinez  seized  the  ship,  but  on  being 
advised  that  the  orders  relating  to  captures  were  in- 
tended only  to  apply  to  the  defense  of  the  vessel,  the 
Spaniard  released  the  Iphigenia  and  her  cargo.  The 
Northwest  America,  another  vessel  of  the  same  expedi- 
tion, was,  however,  seized  by  Martinez  a  little  later. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  these  British  vessels 
had  in  the  inception  of  the  enterprise  divested  them- 
selves of  their  true  national  character  and  donned  the 
insignia  of  Portugal,  their  reasons  being :  First,  to  de- 
fraud the  Chinese  government,  which  made  special 
harbor  rates  to  the  Portuguese,  and,  second,  to  defraud 
the  East  India  Company,  to  whom  had  been  granted 
the  right  of  trading  in  furs  in  Northwest  America  to 
the  exclusion  of  all  other  British  subjects,  except  such 
as  should  obtain  the  permission  of  the  company.  To 
maintain  their  Portuguese  nationality  they  had  placed 
the  expedition  nominally  under  the  control  of  Jaun 
Cavalho,  a  Portuguese  trader.  Prior  to  the  time  of  the 
trouble  in  Nootka,  however,  Cavalho  had  become  a 
bankrupt  and  new  arrangements  had  become  necessary. 
The  English  traders  were  compelled  to  unite  their  in- 
terests with  those  of  King  George's  Sound  Company, 
a  mercantile  association  operating  under  license  from 
the  South  Sea  and  East  India  Companies,  the  Portu- 
guese colors  had  been  laid  aside  and  the  true  national 
character  of  the  expedition  assumed.  Captain  Colnutt 

under  the  new  regime,  with  instructions,  among  other 
things,  "to  establish  a  factory  to  be  called  Fort  Pitt,  for 
the  purpose  of  permanent  settlement,  and  as  a  center  of 


trade  around  which  other  stations  may  be  established." 
One  vessel  of  the  expedition,  the  Princess  Royal, 
entered  Nootka  harbor  without  molestation,  but  when 
the  Argonaut,  under  command  of  Captain  Colnutt,  ar- 
rived, it  was  thought  best  by  the  master  not  to  attempt 
an  entrance  to  the  bay  lest  his  vessel  should  meet  the 
same  fate  which  had  befallen  the  Iphigenia  and  the 
Northwest  America.  Later  Colnutt  called  on  Mar- 
tinez and  informed  the  Spanish  governor  of  his  inten- 
tion to  take  possession  of  the  country  in  the  name  of 
Great  Britain  and  to  erect  a  fort.  The  governor  re- 
plied that  possession  had  already  been  taken  in  the 
name  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  and  that  such  acts  as  he 
(Colnutt)  contemplated  could  not  be  allowed.  An 
altercation  followed  and  the  next  day  the  Argonaut 
was  seized  and  her  captain  and  crew  placed  under  ar- 
rest. The  Princess  Royal  was  also  seized,  though  the 
American  vessels  in  the  harbor  were  in  no  way  mo- 
lested. 

After  an  extended  and  at  times  heated  controversy 
between  Spain  and  Great  Britain  touching  these  seiz- 
ures, the  former  government  consented  to  make  repar- 
ation and  offered  a  suitable  apology  for  the  indignity 
to  the  honor  of  the  flag.  The  feature  of  this  corres- 
pondence of  greatest  import  in  the  future  history  of 
the  territory  affected  is  that  throughout  the  entire  con- 
troversy in  all  the  messages  and  debates  of  parliament, 
no  word  was  spoken  asserting  a  claim  of  Great  Britain 
to  any  territorial  rights  or  denying  the  claim  of  sov- 
ereignty so  positively  and  persistently  avowed  by  Spain, 
neither  was  Spanish  sovereignty  denied  or  in  any  way 
alienated  by  the  treaty  which  followed.  Certain  real 
property  was  restored  to  British  subjects,  but  a  trans- 
fer of  realty  is  not  a  transfer  of  sovereignty. 

We  pass  over  the  voyage  of  the  illustrious  French 
navigator,  La  Perouse.  as  of  more  importance  from  a 
scientific  than  a  political  standpoint;  neither  can  we 
dwell  upon  the  explorations  of  Captain  Berkley,  to 
whom  belongs  the  honor  of  having  ascertained  the 
existence  of  the  strait  afterward  denominated  Jaun  de 
Fuca.  Of  somewhat  greater  moment  in  the  later  history 
of  the  northwest  are  the  voyages  of  Meares,  who  entered 
and  described  the  above  mentioned  strait,  and  who,  in 
1788,  explored  the  coast  at  the  point  where  the  great 
Columbia  mingles  its  crystal  current  with  the  waters  of 
the  sea.  In  the  diplomatic  battle  of  later  days  it  was 
even  claimed  by  some  that  he  was  the  discover  of  that 
great  "River  of  the  West."  Howbeit,  nothing  can  be 
surer  than  that  the  existence  of  such  a  river  was 
utterly  unknown  to  him  at  the  time.  Indeed  his  con- 
viction of  its  non-existence  was  thus  stated  in  his  own 
account  of  the  voyage :  "We  can  now  with  safety  assert 
that  there  is  no  such  river  as  the  St.  Roc  (of  the  Span- 
iard, Heceta)  exists,  as  laid  down  in  the  Spanish 
charts,"  and  he  gave  a  further  unequivocal  expression 

ception  Bay  and  the  promontory  'north  of  it  Cape  Dis- 
appointment. "Disappointed  and  deceived."  remarks 
Evans  facetiously,  "he  continued  his  cruise  southward 
to  latitude  forty-five  degrees  north." 

It  is  not  without  sentiments  of  patriotic  pride  that 
we  now  turn  our  attention  to  a  period  of  discovery  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


which  the  vessels  of  our  own  nation  played  a  prominent 
part.  The  northern  mystery,  which  had  been  partially 
resolved  by  the  Spanish,  English,  French  and  Portu- 
guese explorations,  was  now  to  be  completely  robbed  of 
its  mystic  charm,  speculation  and  myth  must  now  give 
place  to  exact  knowledge,  the  game  of  discovery  must 
hereafter  be  played  principally  between  the  two 
branches  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  and  Anglo-Saxon 
energy,  thoroughness  and  zeal  are  henceforth  to  char- 
acterize operations  on  the  shores  of  the  Pacific  north- 
west. The  United  States  had  but  recently  won  their 
independence  from  the  British  crown  and  their  ener- 
gies were  finding  a  fit  field  of  activity  in  the  titanic 
task  of  national  organization.  Before  the  constitution 
had  become  the  supreme  law  of  the  land,  however,  the 
alert  mind  of  the  American  had  begun  projecting  voy- 
ages of  discovery  and  trade  to  the  northwest,  and 
in  September,  1788,  two  vessels  with  the  stars  and 
stripes  at  their  mastheads  arrived  at  Nootka  sound. 
Their  presence  in  the  harbor  while  the  events  cul- 
minating in  the  Nootka  treaty  were  transpiring 
has  already  been  alluded  to.  The  vessels  were  the 
ship  Columbia,  Captain  John  Kendrick,  and  the 
sloop  Washington,  Captain  Robert  Gray,  and  the 
honor  of  having  sent  them  to  our  shores  belongs 
to  one  Joseph  Barrel,  a  prominent  merchant  of 
Boston,  and  a  man  of  high  social  standing  and  great 
influence.  While  one  of  the  impelling  motives  of  his 
enterprise  had  been  the  desire  of  commercial  profit,  the 
element  of  patriotism  was  not  wholly  lacking,  and  the 
vessels  were  instructed  to  make  what  explorations  and 
discoveries  they  might. 

After  remaining  a  time  on  the  coast,  Captain  Ken- 
drick transferred  his  ship's  property  to  the  Washing- 
ton, with  the  intention  of  taking  a  cruise  in  that  vessel. 
He  placed  Captain  Gray  in  command  of  the  Columbia 
with  instructions  to  return  to  Boston  by  way  of  the 
Sandwich  Islands  and  China.  This  commission  was 
successfully  carried  out.  The  vessel  arrived  in  Boston 
in  September,  1790,  was  received  with  great  eclat,  re- 
fitted by  her  owners  and  again  dispatched  to  the  shores 
of  the  Pacific  with  Captain  Gray  in  command.  In 
July,  1791,  the  Columbia,  from  Boston,  and  the  Wash- 
ington, from  China,  met  not  far  from  the  spot  where 
they  had  separated  nearly  two  years  before.  They 
wert  not  t>  i  remain  long  in  company,  however,  for  Cap- 
tain Gray  soon  started  on  a  cruise  southward.  On  April 
29,  1792,  Gray  met  Vancouver  just  below  Cape  Flat- 
tery and  an  interesting  colloquy  took  place.  Van- 
couver communicated  to  the  American-  skipper  the 
fact  that  he  had  not  vet  made  any  important  discover- 
eries,  and  Gray,  with  equal  frankness,  gave  the  emi- 
nent British  explorer  an  account  of  his  past  discover- 
ies, "including,"  says  Bancroft,  "the  fact  that  he  had 
not  sailed  through  Fuca  straight  in  the  Lady  Washing- 
ton, as  had  been  supposed  from  Meares'  narrative  and 
map."  He  also  informed  Captain.  Vancouver  that  he 
had  been  "off  the  mouth  of  a  river  in  latitude  forty- 
six  degrees,  ten  minutes,  where  the  outset,  or  reflux, 
was  so  strong  as  to  prevent  his  entering  for  nine  days." 

The  important  information  conveyed  by  Gray  seems 
to  have  greatly  disturbed  the  equipoise  of  Vancouver's 


mind.  The  enterics  in  his  log  show  that  he  did  not  en- 
tirely credit  the  statement  of  the  American,  but  that 
he  was  considerably  perturbed  is  evinced  by  the  fact 
that  he  tries  to  convince  himself  by  argument  that 
Gray's  statement  could  not  have  been  correct.  The 
latitude  assigned  by  the  American  was  that  of  Cape 
Disappointment,  and  the  existence  of  a  river  mouth 
there,  although  affirmed  by  Heceta,  had  been  denied 
by  Meares ;  Captain  Cook  also  had  failed  to  find  it ;  be- 
sides, had  he  not  himself  passed  that  point  two  days  be- 
fore and  had  he  not  observed  that  "if  any  inlet  or  river 
should  be  found  it  must  be  a  very  intricate  one,  and 
inaccessible  to  vessels  of  our  burden,  owing  to  the  reefs 
and  broken  water  which  then  appeared  in  its  neighbor- 
hood." With  such  reasoning,  he  dismissed  the  matter 
from  his  mind  for  the  time  being.  He  continued  his 
journey  northward,  passed  through  the  straight  of 
Fuca,  and  engaged  in  a  thorough  and  minute  explora- 
tion of  that  mighty  inland  sea,  to  a  portion  of  which  he 
gave  the  name  Puget  Sound. 

Meanwhile  Gray  was  proceeding  southward  "in 
the  track  of  destiny  and  glory."  On  May  7th  he  en- 
tered the  harbor  which  now  bears  his  name  and  four 
days  later  passed  through  the  breakers  over  the  bar, 
and  his  vessel's  prow  plowed  the  waters  of  that  fa- 
mous "River  of  the  West,"  whose  existence  had  been 
so  long  suspected.  The  storied  "Oregon"  for  the  first 
time  heard  other  sound  than  "its  own  dashing." 

Shortly  afterward  Vancouver  came  to  Cape  Disap- 
pointment to  explore  the  Columbia,  of  which  he  had 
heard  indirectly  from  Captain  Gray.  Lieutenant 
Broughton,  of  Vancouver's  expedition,  sailed  over  the 
bar,  ascended  the  river  a  distance  of  more  than  one 
hundred  miles  to  the  site  of  the  present  Vancouver,  and 
with  a  modesty  truly  remarkable,  "takes  possession  of 
the  river  and  the  country  in  its  vicinity  in  his  Britannic 
Majesty's  name,  having  every  reason  to  believe  that 
the  subjects  of  no  other  civilized  nation  or  state  had 
ever  entered  it  before."  This,  too,  though  he  had  re- 
ceived a  salute  of  one  gun  from  an  American  vessel, 
the  Jennie,  on  his  entrance  to  the  bay.  The  lieutenant's 
claim  was  not  to  remain  forever  unchallenged,  as  will 
appear  presently. 

With  the  exploration  of  Puget  sound  and  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Columbia,  history-making  maritime  ad- 
venture practically  ceased.  But  as  the  fabled  straic 
of  Anian  had  drawn  explorers  to  the  Pacific  shores  in 
quest  of  the  mythical  passage  to  the  treasurers  of  Ind, 
so  likewise  did  the  fairy  tales  of  La  Hontan  and  others 
stimulate  inland  exploration.  "Furthermore,  the  mys- 
tic charm  possessed  by  a  terra  incognita  was  becoming 
irresistible  to  adventurous  spirits,  and  the  possibilities 
of  discovering  untold  wealth  in  the  vaults  of  its  "shin- 


were  exceedingly  fascinating  to  the  lover  of  gain. 

The  honor  of  pioneership  in  overland  exploration 
belongs  to  one  Verendrye,  who,  under  authority  of  the 
governor-general  of  New  France,  in  1773  set  out  on  an 
expedition  to  the  Rocky  mountains  from  Canada.  This 

portant  explorations,  but  as  they  failed  to  find  a  pass 
through   the   Rocky   mountains   by  which   they  could 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


come  to  the  Pacific  side,  their  adventures  do  not  fall 
within  the  purview  of  our  volume.  They  are  said  to 
have  reached  the  vicinity  of  the  present  city  of  Helena. 

If,  as  seems  highly  probable,  the  events  chronicled 
by  La  Page  in  his  charming  "Histoire  de  la  Louisi- 
ane,"  published  in  1758,  should  be  taken  as  authentic, 
the  first  man  to  scale  the  Rocky  mountains  from  the 
east  and  to  make  his  way  overland  to  the  shores  of  the 
Pacific  was  a  Yazoo  Indian,  Moncacht-ape  or  Mont- 
cachabe  by  name.  But  "the  first  traveler  to  lead  a 
part}-  of  civilized  men  through  the  territory  of  the 
Stony  mountains  to  the  South  sea"  was  Alexander 
Mackenzie,  who,  in  1793,  reached  the  coast  at  fifty- 
two  degrees,  twenty-four  minutes,  forty-eight  sec- 
onds north,  leaving  as  a  memorial  of  his  visit,  inscribed 
on  a  rock  with  vermillion  and  grease  the  words  "Alex- 
andar  Mackenzie,  from  Canada  by  land,  July  22,  1793." 

But  western  exploration  by  land  had  elicited  the  in- 
terest of  one  whose  energy  and  force  were  sufficient  to 
bring  to  a  successful  issue  almost  any  undertaking 
worth  the  effort.  While  the  other  statesmen  and  leg- 
islators of  his  time  were  fully  engaged  with  the  prob- 
lems of  the  moment,  the  great  mind  of  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson, endowed  as  it  was  with  a  wider  range  of  vision 
and  more  comprehensive  grasp  of  the  true  situation 
was  projecting  exploring  expeditions  into  the  north- 
west. In  1786,  while  serving  as  minister  to  Paris,  he 
had  fallen  in  with  the  ardent  Ledyard,  who  was  on 
fire  with  the  idea  of  opening  a  large  and  profitable 
fur  trade  in  the  north  Pacific  region.  To  this  young 
man  he  had  suggested  the  idea  of  journeying  to  Kam- 
tchatka,  then  in  a  Russian  vessel  to  Nootka  sound, 
from  which,  as  a  starting  point,  he  should  make  an 
exploring  expedition  easterly  to  the  United  States. 
Ledyard  acted  on  the  suggestion,  but  was  arrested  as 
a  spy  in  the  spring  of  1787  by  Russian  officials  and  so 
severely  treated  as  to  cause  a  failure  of  his  health  and 
a  consequent  failure  of  his  enterprise. 

The  next  effort  of  Jefferson  was  made  in  1792, 
when  he  proposed  to  the  American  Philosophical  Soci- 
ety that  it  should  engage  a  competent  scientist  "to  ex- 
plore northwest  America  from  the  eastward  by  ascend- 
ing the  Missouri,  crossing  the  Rocky  mountains  and  de- 
scending the  nearest  river  to  the  Pacific  ocean."  The 
idea  was  favorably  received.  Captain  Meriwether 
Lewis,  who  afterward  distinguished  himself  as  one  of 
the  leaders  of  the  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition,  of- 
fered his  services,  but  for  some  reason  Andre  Mich- 
aux,  a  French  botanist,  was  given  the  preference.  Mich- 
aux  proceeded  as  far  as  Kentucky,  but  there  received 
an  order  from  the  French  minister,  to  whom,  it  seems, 
he  also  owed  obedience,  that  he  should  relinquish 
his  appointment  and  engage  upon  the  duties  of  another 
commission. 

It  was  not  until  after  the  opening  of  the  new  cen- 
turv  that  another  opportunity  for  furthering  his  fa- 
vorite project  presented  itself  to  Jefferson.  An  act  of 
congress,  under  which  trading  houses  had  been  es- 
tablished for  facilitating  commerce  with  the  Indians, 
was  about  to  expire  by  limitation,  and  President  Jef- 
ferson, in  recommending  its  continuance,  seized  the 
opportunity  to  urge  upon  congress  the  advisability  of 


fitting  out  an  expedition,  the  object  of  which  should 
be  "to  explore  the  Missouri  river  and  such  principal 
streams  of  it  as,  by  its  course  of  communication  with 
the  waters  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  whether  the  Columbia, 
Oregon,  Colorado  or  any  other  river,  may  offer  the 
most  direct  and  practical  water  communication  across 
the  continent,  for  the  purpose  of  commerce." 

Congress  voted  an  appropriation  for  the  purpose, 
and  the  expedition  was  placed  in  charge  of  Captains 
Meriwether  Lewis  and  William  Clark.  President  Jef- 
ferson gave  the  explorers  minute  and  particular  in- 
structions as  to  investigations  to  be  made  by  them. 
They  were  to  inform  themselves,  should  they  reach 
the  Pacific  ocean,  "of  the  circumstances  which  may 
decide  whether  the  furs  of  those  parts  may  be  col- 
lected as  advantageously  at  the  head  of  the 'Missouri 
(convenient  as  is  supposed  to  the  Colorado  and  Ore- 
gon or  Columbia)  as  at  Nootka  sound  or  any  other 
part  of  the  coast;  and  the  trade  be  constantly  con- 
ducted through  the  Missouri  and  United  States  more 
beneficially  than  by  the  circumnavigation  now  prac- 
ticed." In  addition  to  the  instructions  already  quoted, 
these  explorers  were  directed  to  ascertain  if  possible 
on  arriving  at  the  seaboard  if  there  were  any  ports 
within  their  reach  frequented  by  the  sea  vessels  of  any 
nation,  and  to  send,  if  practicable,  two  of  their  most 
trusted  people  back  by  sea  with  copies  of  their  notes. 
They  were  also,  if  they  deemed  a  return  by  the  way 
they  had  come  imminently  hazardous,  to  ship  the  en- 
tire party  and  return  via  Good  Hope  or  Cape  Horn, 
as  they  might  be  able. 

A  few  days  before  the  initial  steps  were  taken  in 
discharge  of  the  instructions  of  President  Jefferson, 
news  reached  the  seat  of  government  of  a  transaction 
which  added  materially  to  the  significance  of  the  en- 
terprise. Negotiations  had  been  successfully  consum- 
mated for  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  on  April  30,  1803, 
but  the  authorities  at  Washington  did  not  hear  of  the 
important  transfer  until  the  1st  of  July.  Of  such  trans- 
cendant  import  to  the  future  of  our  country  was  this 
transaction  and  of  such  vital  moment  to  the 
section  with  which  our  volume  is  primarily 
concerned,  that  we  must  here  interrupt  the  trend 
of  our  narrative  to  give  the  reader  an  idea 
of  the  extent  of  territory  involved  and,  if  pos- 
sible, to  enable  him  to  appreciate  the  influence  of  the 
purchase.  France,  by  her  land  explorations  and  the 
establishment  of  trading  posts  and  forts,  first  acquired 
title  to  the  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  and  east  of 
the  Rocky  mountains,  though  Great  Britain  claimed 
the  territory  in  accordance  with  her  doctrine  of  con- 
tinuity and  contiguity,  most  of  her  colonial  grants 
extending  in  express  terms  to  the  Pacific  ocean.  Spain 
also  claimed  the  country  by  grant  of  Pope  Alexander 
VI.  A  constant  warfare  had  been  waged  between 
France  and  Great  Britain  for  supremacy  in  America. 
The  latter  was  the  winner  in  the  contest,  and  in  1762, 
France,  apparently  discouraged,  ceded  to  Spain  the 
province  of  Louisiana.  By  the  treaty  of  February  10, 
1763,  which  gave  Great  Britain  the  Canadas,  it  was 
agreed  that  the  western  boundary  between  English  and 
Spanish  possessions  in  America  should  be  the  Missis- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


sippi  river,  Great  Britain  renouncing  all  claim  to  the 
territory  west  of  that  boundary.  In  1800  Spain  retro- 
ceded  Louisiana  to  France  "with  the  same  extent  it 
has  now  in  the  hands  of  Spain,  and  which  it  had  when 
France  possessed  it,  and  such  as  it  should  be  according 
to  the  treaties  subsequently  made  betwen  Spain  and 
other  states." 

The  order  for  the  formal  delivery  of  the  province 
to  France  was  issued  by  the  Spanish  king  on  October 
15,  1802,  and,  as  above  stated,  the  United  States  suc- 
ceeded to  the  title  by  treaty  pf  April  30,  1803. 

Of  the  long,  weary  land  marches  which  brought 
the  doughty  explorers, 'Captains  Meriwether  Lewis  and 
William  Clark,  to  the  pure  currents  of  the  Clearwater, 
space  forbids  narration.  It  is  pleasant  to  record  that 
the  travel-worn  expedition  received  hospitable  treat- 
ment upon  reaching  the  spot  where  Lewiston  now 
stands.  The  Nez  Perces  were  friendly,  gave  the  ex- 
plorers what  information  they  could  about  the  remain- 
der of  their  journey  and  readily  traded  them  such  food 
supplies  as  they  were  able.  While  details  of  this  his- 
tory-making expedition  to  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia 
and  back  again  to  the  eastern  states  must  be  sought 
elsewhere,  we  shall  here  quote  a  summary  of  the  jour- 
ney given  by  Captain  Lewis  himself,  which  will  convey 
some  idea  of  the  momentous  task  successfully  accom- 
plished by  these  giants  of  the  wilderness : 

"The  road  by  which  we  went  out  by  the  way  of  the 
Missouri  to  its  head  is  3,096  miles ;  thence  by  land  by 
way  of  Lewis  river  over  to  Clark's  river  and  down 
that  to  the  entrance  of  Traverse's  Rest  creek,  where 
all  the  roads  from  different  routes  meet ;  thence  across 
the  rugged  part  of  the  Rocky  mountains  to  the  naviga- 
ble waters  of  the  Columbia',  398  miles;  thence  down 
the  river  640  miles  to  the  Pacific  ocean — making  a 
total  distance  of  4,134  miles.  On  our  return  in  .1806 
we  came  from  Traveler's  Rest  directly  to  the  falls  of 
the  Missouri  river,  which  shortens  the  distance  about 
579  miles  and  is  a  much  better  route,  reducing  the 
distance  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Pacific  ocean  to 
3,555  miles.  Of  this  journey  2,575  miles  is  up  the 
Missouri  to  the  falls  of  that  river;  thence  passing 
through  the  plains  and  across  the  Rocky  mountains 
to  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Kooskooskia  river,  a 
branch  of  the  Columbia,  340  miles,  two  hundred  of 
which  is  good  road,  140  over  a  tremendous  mountain, 
steep  and  broken,  60  miles  of  which  is  covered  several 
feet  deep  with  snow,  on  which  we  passed  on  the  last 
of  June ;  from  the  navigable'  part  of  the  Kooskooskia 
we  descended  that  rapid  river  73  miles  to  its  enterance 
into  Lewis  river,  and  down  that  river  154  miles  to  the 
Columbia,  and  thence  413  miles  to  its  entrance  into 
the  Pacific  ocean.  About  180  miles  of  this  distance 
is  tide  water.  We  passed  several  bad  rapids  and  nar- 
rows and  one  considerable  fall,  268  miles  above  the 
entrance  of  this  river,  37  feet,  eight  inches;  the  total 
distance  descending  the  Columbia  waters,  640  miles, 
making  a  total  of  3,555  miles,  on  the  most  direct  route 
from  the  Mississippi  at  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  to 
the  Pacific  ocean." 

The  safe  return  of  the  explorers  to  their  homes  in 
the  United  States  naturally  created  a  sensation  through- 


out that  country  and  the  world.  Leaders  and  men 
were  suitably  rewarded,  and  the  fame  of  the  former 
will  live  while  the  rivers  to  which  their  names  have 
been  given,  continue  to  pour  their  waters  into  the  sea. 
President  Jefferson,  the  great  patron  of  the  expedition, 
paying  a  tribute  to  Captain  Lewis  in  1813,  said:  "Nev- 
er did  a  similar  event  create  more  joy  throughout  the 
United  States.  The  humblest  of  its  citizens  have  taken 
a  lively  interest  in  the  issue  of  this  journey,  and  looked 
with  impatience  for  the  information  it  would  furnish. 
Nothing  short  of  the  official  journals  of  this  extraor- 
dinary and  interesting  journey  will  exhibit  the  import- 
ance of  the  service,  the  courage,  devotion,  zeal  and  per- 
severance under  circumstances  calculated  to  discourage, 
which  animated  this  little  band  of  heroes,  throughout 
the  long,  dangerous  and  tedious  travel." 

The  knowledge  of  the  Columbia  basin,  resulting 
from  the  extensive  exploration  of  Lewis  and  Clark, 
soon  bore  fruit  in  a  number  of  commercial  enterprises, 
the  first  of  which  was  the  Astor  expedition.  It  was  so 
called  from  John  Jacob  Astor,  a  native  of  Heidelburg, 
who  had  come  to  America  poor  and  had  amassed  a 
large  fortune  in  commercial  transactions.  In  1800 
there  was  conceived  in  the  brain  of  this  great  captain 
of  industry  a  scheme  which  for  magnitude  of  design 
and  careful  arrangement  of  detail  was  truly  master- 
ful. It  contemplated  the  prosecution  of  the  fur  trade 
in  every  unsettled  territory  of  America  claimed  by  the 
United  States,  the  trade  with  China  and  the  supp'ly  of 
the  Russian  settlements  with  trading  stock  and  pro- 
visions, the  goods  to  be  paid  for  in  peltry.  A  vessel 
was  to  be  dispatched  at  regular  intervals  from  New 
York,  bearing  supplies  and  goods  to  be  traded  to  the 
Indians.  This  was  to  discharge  her  cargo  at  a  depot 
of  trade  to  be  established  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia 
river,  then  trade  along  the  coast  with  Indians  and  at 
the  Russian  settlements  until  another  cargo  had  been 
in  part  secured,  return  to  the  mouth  of  the  river,  com- 
plete her  lading  there,  sail  thence  to  China,  receive  a 
return  cargo  of  Canton  silks,  nankeen  and  tea,  and 
back  to  New  York.  Two  years  would  pass  in  com- 
pleting this  vast  "commercial  rounding-up."  An  im- 
portant part  of  this  plan  was  the  supply  of  the  Russian 
posts  at  New  Archangel,  the  object  being  two  fold, — 
first  to  secure  the  profits  accruing  therefrom,  and  sec- 
onflly,  to  shut  off  competition  in  Mr.  Astor's  own  ter- 
ritory, through  the  semi-partnership  with  the  Russians 
in  furnishing  them  supplies.  Careful  arrangements 
had  been  made  with  the  Russian  government  to  pre- 
vent any  possible  clash  between  the  vessels  of  the  two 
companies  which  should  be  engaged  in  the  coast  trade. 
"It  was,"  says  Brewerton,  "a  collossal  scheme,  and 
deserved  to  succeed ;  had  it  done  so  it  would  have  ad- 
vanced American  settlement  and  actual  occupancy  on 
the  Northwest  coast  by  at  least  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
giving  employment  to  thousands,  and  transferred  the 
enormous  profits  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  Northwest 
British  fur  companies  from  English  to  American  cof- 
fers." 

Notwithstanding  the  opposition  of  the  Northwest 
Fur  Company,  a  powerful  British  corporation.  As- 
tor's sea  expedition  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


before  the  territory  had  been  pre-empted  by  any  other 
fur  traders.  His  overland  company  arrived'  later,  after 
having  suffered  terrible  hardships,  being  well  nigh 
overcome  by  the  fatigues  of  their  journey,  the  rigors 
of  the  inhospitable  mountain  ranges  and  lack  of  food. 
Astoria  was  founded  and  named.  The  little  colony 
of  traders  set  vigorously  about  the  task  of  carrying 
into  execution  Astor's  comprehensive  plan.  There 
were  many  difficulties  to  be  overcome  and  one  serious 
disaster,  the  massacre  of  the  Tonquin's  crew  and  the 
subsequent  destruction  of  that  vessel,  had  its  decidedly 
depressing  effect.  Nevertheless,  the  Astor  expedi- 
tion would  have  doubtless  proved  a  success  were  it  not 
for  two  unfortunate  circumstances.  In  the  choice  of  his 
partners  in  the  Pacific  Fur  Company,  Mr.  Astor  had 
made  a  serious  mistake.  Broad  minded  and  liberal 
himself,  he  did  not  appreciate  the  danger  of  entrusting 
his  undertaking  to  the  hands  of  men  whose  national 
prejudices  were  bitterly  anti- American  and  whose  pre- 
vious connection  with  a  rival  company  might  affect 
their  loyalty  to  this  one.  He  associated  with  himself 
as  partners  in  the  enterprise  Donald  Mackenzie,  Alex- 
ander Mackay,  who  had  accompanied  Alexandar  Mac- 
kenzie on  his  voyage  of  discovery,  hence  possessed  in- 
valuable experience,  and  Duncan  Macdougal,  all  late 
of  the  Northwest  Company,  and  though  men  of  great 
skill  and  experience,  schooled  in  the  prejudices  of  the 
association  with  which  they  had  so  long  maintained 
connection,  and  able  to  see  only  through  British  eyes. 
To  the  partners  already  enumerated  were  subsequently 
added  Wilson  P.  Hunt  and  Robert  Maclellan,  Ameri- 
cans, John  Clarke,  a  Canadian,  David  and  Robert  Stu- 
art and  Ramsey  Crooks,  Scotchmen,  and  others. 

The  second  unfortunate  circumstance  and  the  one 
which  gave  perfidity  a  chance  to  perform  its  perfect 
work  was  the  outbreak  of  the  war  of  1812.  The  dan- 
ger that  Astoria  might  be  captured  by  the  British  (for 
the  United  States  had  neglected  to  furnish  suitable 
protection  to  this  most  remote  outpost  of  its  domin- 
ion) gave  the  traitorous  Macdougal  a  colorable  ex- 
cuse to  betray  into  the  hands  of  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany Mr.  Astor's  interests  on  the  Pacific  coast.  The 
denouement  of  the  plot  was  in  this  wise.  On  the  8th 
of  October,  1813,  Macdougal,  by  way  of  preparation 
for  his  final  coupe,  read  a  letter  announcing  the  sailing 
of  two  British  armed  vessels,  the  Phoebe  and  the  Is- 
aac Todd,  with  orders  "to  take  and  destroy  everything 
American  on  the  Northwest  coast." 

"This  dramatic  scene,"  says  Evans,  "was  followed 
by  a  proposition  of  MacTavish  (of  the  Northwest  Fur 
Company)  to  purchase  the  interests,  stocks,  establish- 
ments, etc.  of  the  Pacific  Fur  Company.  Macdougal 
then  assumed  sole  control  and  agency  because  of  the 
non-arrival  of  Hunt,  and  after  repeated  conference  with 
MacTavish  in  which  the  presence  of  the  other  part- 
ners was  ignored,  the  sale  was  concluded  at  certain 
rates.  A  few  days  later  J.  Stuart  arrived  with  the  re- 
mainder of  the  Northwest  party.  He  objected  to  Mac- 
Tavish's  prices  and  lowered  the  rates  materially.  Mr. 
Stuart's  offer  was  accepted  by  Macdougal  and  the 
agreement  of  transfer  was  signed  October  i6th.  By  it 
Duncan  Macdougal,  for  and  on  behalf  of  himself,  Don- 


ald Mackenzie,  David  Stuart  and  John  Clarke,  part- 
ners of  the  Pacific  Fur  Company,  dissolved  July  1st, 
pretended  to  sell  to  his  British  conferes  and  co-con- 
spirators of  the  Northwest  Company  'the  whole  of  the 
establishments,  furs  and  present  stock  on  hand,  of 
the  Columbia  and  Thompson's  rivers.'  " 

It  is  needless  to  add  that  on  the  arrival  of  the  Brit- 
ish vessels  Astoria  became  a  British  possession.  The 
formal  change  of  sovereignty  and  raising  of  the  Union 
Jack  took  place  on  December  I2th,  and  as  if  to  oblit- 
erate all  trace  of  Mr.  Astor's  operations,  the  name  of 
Astoria  was  changed  to  Fort  George.  The  arrival  of 
Isaac  Todd  the  following  spring  with  a  cargo  of  trad- 
ing goods  and  supplies  enabled  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany to  enter  vigorously  into  the  prosecution  of  their 
trade  in  the  territory  of  their  wronged  and  outraged 
rival.  "Thus  disgracefully  failed,"  says  Evans,  "a 
magnificent  enterprise,  which  merited  success  for  sa- 
gacity displayed,  in  its  conception,  its  details,  its  ob- 
jects; for  the  liberality  and  munificence  of  its  projec- 
tor in  furnishing  means  adequate  for  its  thorough  exe- 
cution ;  for  the  results  it  had  aimed  to  produce.  It  was 
inaugurated  purely  for  commercial  purposes.  Had  it 
not  been  transferred  to  its  enemies,  it  would  have  pion- 
eered the  colonization  of  the  northwest  coast  by  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States ;  it  would  have  furnished  the 
natural  and  peaceful  solution  of  the  question  of  the 
right  to  the  territory  drained  by  the  Columbia  and  its 
tributaries. 

"The  scheme  was  grand  in  its  aim,  magnificent  in 
its  breadth  of  purpose  and  area  of  operation.  Its  re- 
sults were  naturally  feasible,  not  over-anticipated. 
They  were  but  the  logical  and  necessary  sequences  of 
the  pursuit  of  the  plan.  Mr.  Astor  made  no  miscal- 

hope  to  lead  him  into  any  wild  or  imaginary  venture. 
He  was  practical,  generous,  broad.  He  executed  what 
Sir  Alexander  Mackenzie  urged  should  be  adopted  as 
the  policy  of  British  capital  and  enterprise.  That  one 
American  citizen  should  have  individually  undertaken 
what  two  mammoth  British  companies  had  not  the 
courage  to  try  was  but  an  additional  cause  which  had 
intensified  national  prejudice  into  embittered  jealousy 
on  the  part  of  the  British  rivals,  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany." 

By  the  first  article  of  the  treaty  of  Ghent  entered 
into  between  Great  Britain  and  the' United  States,  De- 
cember 14,  1814,  it  was  agreed  "that  all  territory, 
places  and  possessions  whatsoever  taken  by  either 
party  from  the  other,  during  or  after  the  war,  should 
be  restored."  Astoria,  therefore,  again  became  the 
possession  of  the  United  States,  and  in  September, 
1817,  the  government  sent  the  sloop-of-war  Ontario 
"to  assert  the  claim  of  the  United  States  to  the  sover- 
eignty of  the  adjacent  country,  and  especially  to  re-' 
occupy  Astoria  or  Fort  George."  The  formal' surren- 
der of  the  fort  is  dated  October  6,  1818. 

Mr.  Astor  had  urged  the  United  States  to  repos- 
sess Astoria,  and  intended  fully  to  resume  operations 
in  the  basin  of  the  Columbia,  but  the  Pacific  Fur  Com- 
pany was  never  reorganized,  and  never  again  did  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


great  captain  of  industry  engage  in  trade  on  the  shores 
of  the  Pacific. 

Brief  and  general  though  this  introductory  sketch 
must  be  we  cannot  omit  mention  of  the  two  British  fur 
companies  who  played  such  a  prominent  part  in  the 
early  history  of  the  section  to  which  the  five  northern 
counties  of  Idaho  belong.  Although  organized  in  1774, 
the  Northwest  Company,  successor  in  interest  of  the 
Pacific  Fur  Company,  did  not  attain  to  high  prestige 
until  the  dawn  of  the  nineteenth  century.  Then,  how- 
ever, it  seemed  to  take  on  new  life,  and  before  the  first 
half  decade  was  passed  it  had  become  the  successful 
rival  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  the  fur  trade 
of  the  interior  of  North  America.  The  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  when  originally  chartered  in  1670  was 
granted  in  a  general  way  the  right  to  traffic  in  Hud- 
son's Bay  and  the  territory  contiguous  thereto,  and  the 
Northwest  Company  began  to  insist  that  the  grant 
should  be  more  strictly  construed.  The  boundaries  of 
Prince  Rupert's  land,  as  the  Hudson's  Bay  territory 
was  named,  had  never  been  definitely  determined  and 
there  had  long  been  contention  in  those  regions  which 
were  claimed  by  that  company  but  denied  to  it  by  the 
other  fur  traders.  Beyond  the  recognized  area  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  territory,  the  old  Northwest  Company  (a 
French  company  which  had  fallen,  at  the  time  of  the 
fall  of  Canada  into  the  possession  of  the  British)  had 
been  a  competitor  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  When 
this  FTench  association  went  out  of  existence  the  con- 
test was  kept  up  by  private  merchants,  but  without 
lasting  success.  The  new  Northwest  Company,  of 
Montreal,  united  and  cemented  into  one  organization 
all  these  individuals  for  the  better  discharge  of  the 
common  purpose.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the  theory 
of  trade  of  this  association  as  contrasted  with  that  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

From  established  posts  as  centers  of  operations, 
the  Montreal  association  dispatched  parties  in  all  di- 
rections to  visit  the  villages  and  haunts  of  the  natives 
and  secure  furs  from  every  source  possible.  It  went 
to  the  natives  for  their  goods,  while  the  rival  company 
so  arranged  its  posts  that  these  were  convenient  to  the 
whole  Indian  population,  then  depended  upon  the  abor- 
igines to  bring  in  their  peltries  and  exchange  the  same 
for  such  articles  as  might  supply  their  wants  or  gratify 
their  fancies.  Consequently  the  one  company  required 
many  employees,  the  other  comparatively  few.  The 
clerks  or  traders  of  the  Montreal  association  were  re- 
quired to  serve  an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  at 
small  wages.  That  term  successfully  completed,  the 
stipend  was  doubled.  Skill  and  special  aptitude  in  trad- 
ing brought  speedy  promotions,  and  the  chance  to  be- 
come a  partner  in  the  business  was  an  unfailing  incent- 
ive to  strenuous  effort.  The  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
on  the  other  hand,  had  established  fixed  grades  of  com- 
'pensation.  Promotion  was  slow,  coming  periodically 
rather  than  as  a  reward  for  specially  meritorious  serv- 
ice, and  though  faithfulness  to  duty  was  required,  no 
incentive  was  offered  for  special  endeavor.  The  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  based  its  territorial  title  upon  a 
specific  grant  from  the  crown,  while  the  rival  associa- 
tion sought  no  other  title  than  such  as  priority  of  oc- 


cupancy and  pre-emption  afforded.  It  claimed  as  its. 
field  of  operation  all  unoccupied  territory  wherever  lo- 
cated. 

The  Northwest  Company  showed  also  its  animus 
to  confirm  and  strengthen  British  title  to  all  territories 
adversely  claimed,  and  wherever  a  post  was  estab- 
lished the  territory  contiguous  thereto  was  ceremoni- 
ously taken  possession  of  "in  the  name  of  the  king  of 
Great  Britain,  for  the  Northwest  Company."  Its  es- 
tablishments and  possessions  afterward  constituted 
the  substantial  basis  of  Great  Britain's  claim  to  the 
territory. 

Rivalry  between  these  two  companies  was  carried 
to  such  an  extent  that  both  were  brought  to  the 
verge  of  bankruptcy.  British  interests  were  being  en- 
dangered through  this  trade  war  and  something  had  to 
be  done.  The  governor  general  of  Canada  appointed 
a  commission  to  investigate  conditions,  and  that  com- 
mission recommended  a  union  of  the  two  companies. 
Nothing,  however,  of  material  benefit  resulted.  Event- 
ually, in  the  winter  of  1819-20,  Lord  Bathurst,  Brit- 
ish secretary  of  state  for  the  colonies,  took  up  the 
matter  and  through  his  meditation  a  union  was  finally 
effected.  On  March  20,  1821,  it  was  mutually  agreed 
that  both  companies  should  operate  under  the  charter 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  furnishing  equal 
amounts  of  capital  and  sharing  equally  the  profits,  the 
arrangement  to  continue  in  force  for  twenty-one  years. 

By  1824  all  the  rights  and  interests  of  the  stock- 
holders late  of  the  Northwest  Company  had  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. .  The  absorb- 
tion  of  the  one  corporation  by  the  other  was  com- 
plete. The  treacherous  and  perfidious  treatment  of  Mr. 
Astor  and  the  demoralization  of  his  partners  availed 
the  greedy  Northwesters  but  little,  for  they  were  soon 
after  conquered  and  subdued  and  forever  deprived  of 
their  identity  as  a  company  by  their  powerful  rival  and 
enemy. 

The  Hudson's  Bay  Company  now  became  the  sole 
owner  and  proprietor  of  the  trade  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  of  all  the  rights  accruing  under  the 
license  of  trade  issued  to  it  and  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany by  the  British  parliament.  An  "iinperhtm  in  im- 
ptrio"  Evans  characterized  this  company  and  such  it 
was  for  it  was  in  possession  of  well-nigh  absolute 
power  over  its  employes  and  the  native  races  with 
whom  it  traded.  It  wa's  constituted  "The  true  and  ab- 
solute lords  and  proprietors  of  the  territories,  limits 
and  places,  save  always  the  faith,  allegiance  and  sov- 
ereign dominion  clue  to  us  (the  crown),  our  heirs  and 
successors,  for  the  same,  to  hold  as  tenants  in  fee  and 
common  socage,  and  not  by  knight's  service,  reserving 
as  a  yearly  rent,  two  elks  and  two  black  beavers." 
Power  was  granted,  should  occasion  arise,  to  "send 
ships  of  war,  men  or  ammunition  to  any  fort,  post  or 
place  for  defense  thereof;  to  raise  military  companies 
and  to  appoint  their  officers ;  to  make  war  or  conclude 
peace  with  any  people  (not  Christian),  in  any  of  their 
territories,"  also  "to  seize  the  goods,  estates  or  people 
of  those  countries  for  damage  to  the  company's  inter- 
est, or  for  the  interruption  of  trade ;  to  erect  and  build 
forts,  garrisons,  towns,  villages ;  -to  establish  colonies 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  to  support  such  establishments  by  expeditions  fit- 
ted out  in  Great  Britain;  to  seize  all  British  subjects 
not  connected  with  the  company,  or  employed  by  them, 
or  in  such  territory  by  their  license,  and  send  them 
to  England."  Should  one  of  its  factors,  traders  or 
other  employees  "contemn  or  disobey  an  order,  he  was 
liable  to  be  punished  by  the  president  or  council,  who 
were  authorized  to  prescribe  the  manner  and  measure 
of  punishment.  The  offender  had  the  right  to  appeal 
to  the  company  in  England,  or  he  might  be  turned  over 
for  trial  by  the  courts.  For  the  better  discovery  of 
abuses  and  injuries  by  the  servants,  the  governor  and 
company,  and  their  respective  president,  chief  agent 
or  governor  in  any  of  the  territories,  were  authorized 
to  examine  on  oath  all  factors,  masters,  pursers,  super- 
cargoes, commanders  of  castles,  forts,  fortifications, 
plantations,  or  colonies,  or  other  persons,  touching  or 
concerning  any  matter  or  thing  sought  to  be  investi- 
gated." To  further  strengthen  the  hands  of  the  com- 
pany, the  charter  concludes  with  a  royal  mandate  to 
all  '"'admirals,  vice-admirals,  justices,  mayors,  sheriffs, 
constables,  bailiffs,  and  all  and  singular  other  our  of- 
ficers, ministers,  liegemen,  subjects  whatsoever,  to  aid, 
favor,  help  and  assist  the  said  governor  and  company 
to  enjoy,  as  well  on  land  as  on  the  seas,  all  the  prem- 
ises in  said  charter  contained,  whensoever  required." 
Something  of  the  modus  operand!  of  the  company 
must  now  be  given.  The  chief  factors  and  chief  trad- 
•ers  were  paid  no  salaries,  but  in  lieu  thereof  were  given 
forty  per  cent,  of  the  profits,  divided  among  them  on 
some  basis  deemed  equitable  by  the  company.  The 

hundred  pounds  per  annum.  Below  these  again  were 
the  servants,  whose  term  of  enlistment  (for  such  in 
•effect  it  was)  was  for  five  years,  and  whose  pay  was 
seventeen  pounds  per  annum  without  clothing.  The 
servant  was  bound  by  indentures  to  devote  his  whole 
time  and  labor  to  the  company's  interests ;  to  yield  obe- 
dience to  sprerior  officers  ;to  defend  the  company's 
property;  to  faithfully  obey  the  laws,  orders, 
-etc;  to  defend  officers  and  agents  of  the  com- 
pany to  ,the  extent  of  his  ability;  to  serve 
in  the  capacity  of  a  soldier  whenever  called  upon 
so  to  do ;  to  attend  military  drill ;  and  never  to  engage 
or  be  interested  in  any  trade  or  occupation  except  in 
accordance  with  the  company's  orders  and  for  its  bene- 
fit. In  addition  to  the  pittance  paid  him,  the  servant 
was  entitled,  should  he  desire  to  remain  in  the  country 
after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  enlistment,  to  fifty 
acres  of  land,  for  which  he  was  to  render  twenty-eight 

before  the  expiration  of  his  term,  the  servant,  it  was 
agreed,  should  be  transported  to  his  European  home 
free  of  charge.  Desertion  or  neglect  might  be  punished 
by  the  forfeiture  of  even  the  wretched  pittance  he  was 
to  receive.  It  was,  furthermore,  the  policv  of  the  com- 

their  purpose  being  to  create  family  ties  which  should 
bind  the  poor  slave  to  the  soil.  By  the  time  the  serv- 
ant's term  of  enlistment  had  expired,  there  was,  there- 
fore, usually  no  choice  left  him  but  to  re-enlist  or  ac- 
cept the  grant  of  land.  "In  times  of  peace,  laborers 


and  operatives  were  ever  on  hand  at  mere  nominal 
wages ;  in  times  of  outbreak  they  were  at  once  trans- 
formed into  soldiers  amenable  to  military  usage  and 
discipline." 

The  system  was  certainly  a  fine  one,  viewed  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  company,  but  while  it  may  com- 
mand admiration  for  its  ingenuity,  it  is  certainly  not 
to  be  commended  for  magnanimity.  Its  design  and 
purpose  was  to  turn  the  wealth  of  the  country  into  the 
coffers  of  the  English  noblemen  who  owned  Hudson's 
Bay  stock,  even  though  this  should  be  done  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  manhood,  the  self-respect  and  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  poor  sons  of  toil  who  foolishly  or  from 
necessity  bound  themselves  to  its  service. 

The  Indian  policy  of  the  company  was  no  less  politic 
than  its  treatment  of  its  employees,  but  it  had  much 
more  in  it  that  was  truly  commendable.  Its  purpose 
did  not  bring  its  employees  into  conflict  with  the  Indian, 
nor  require  his  expulsion,  neither  was  there  danger  of 
the  lands  of  the  savages  being  appropriated  or  the 
graves  of  their  people  disturbed.  The  sale  of  intoxi- 
cants was  positively  and  successfully  prohibited.  Con- 
ciliation was  the  wisest  policy  for  the  company,  and  it 
governed  itself  accordingly ;  but  when  punishment  was 
merited,  it  was  administered  with  promptness  and  se- 
verity. When  depredations  were  committed  the  tribe 
to  which  the  malefactor  belonged  was  pursued  by  an 
armed  force  and  compelled  to  deliver  up  the  guilty 
to  his  fate.  A  certain  amount  of  civilization  was  in- 
troduced, and  with  it  came  an  increase  of  wants,  which 
wants  could  only  be  supplied  at  the  company's  forts. 
Indians  were  sent  on  hunting  and  trapping  expedi- 
tions in  all  directions,  so  that  concentration  of  tribes 
became  difficult,  and  if  attempted,  easily  perceived  in 
time  to  circumvent  it  and  prevent  trouble.  Thus  the 
company  secured  an  influence  over  the  savage  and  a 
place  in  his  affections,  from  which  it  could  not  easily 
be  dislodged. 

In  its  treatment  of  missionaries,  civil  and  military 
officers  and  others  from  the  United  States,  the  com- 
pany's factors  and  agents  were  uniformly  courteous 
and  kind.  Their  hospitality  was  in  the  highest  degree 
commendable,  meriting  the  gratitude  of  the  earliest 
visitors  and  settlers.  The  poor  and  unfortunate  never 
asked  assistance  in  vain.  But  woe  to  the  American  who 
attempted  to  trade  with  the  Indian,  to  trap,  hunt  or  do 
anything  which  brought  him  into  competition  with  the 
British  corporation.  All  the  resources  of  a  company 
supplied  with  an  abundance  of  cheap  labor,  supported 
by  the  friendship  and  affection  of  the  aboriginal  peo- 
ples, backed  by  an  almost  unlimited  capital,  and  forti- 
fied by  the  favor  of  one  of  the  wealthiest  and  most 
powerful  nations  of  the  earth,  were  at  once  turned  to 
crush  him.  Counter  establishments  were  formed  in 
his  vicinity,  and  he  was  hampered  in  every  way  possible 
and  pursued  with  the  relentlessness  of  an  evil  fate  until 
compelled  to  retire  from  the  field. 

Such  being  the  condition,  there  was  not  much  en- 
couragement for  American  enterprise  in  the  basin  of 
the  Columbia.  It  is  not,  however,  in  the  American 
character  to  yield  a  promising  prospect  without  a  strug- 
gle and  many  times  efforts  were  made  at  competition  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  Oregon  territory.  William  H.  Ashley,  Jedediah  S. 
Smith,  Captain  Nathaniel  J.  Wyeth  and  others  tried 
their  hands  but  all  were  compelled  to  give  up  in  de- 
spair. 

More  important  perhaps  than  the  loss  of  profits 
which  might  accrue  to  America  from  the  successful 
prosecution  of  the  fur  trade  was  the  weakening  of 
America's  title  to  the  country,  through  the  establish- 
ment of  British  trading  posts,  the  colonization  of  re- 
tired officers  and  servants  as  cultivators  of  the  public 
domain,  etc.  It  is  true  that  the  joint  occupancy  con- 
ventions of  1818  and  1827,  by  which  British  and  Ameri- 
cans alike  were  allowed  to  occupy  the  country,  ex- 
pressly stipulated  that  no  advantage  should  inure  to 
either  of  the  high  contracting  parties  by  virtue  of  any 
acts  performed  subsequent  to  the  date  of  the  first  con- 
vention. However  clear  and  explicit  the  language 
of  the  treaty,  no  observer  could  fail  to  note  that  the 
establishment  of  trading  enterprises  was  giving  Great 
Britain  a  decided  advantage  in  the  struggle  for  title 
to  the  Oregon  country.  The  Hundson's  Bay  Company 
had  a  political  mission  and  was  playing  a  prominent 
part  in  inter-national  affairs.  This  it  openly  avowed 
in  1837  in  its  application  to  the  home  government  for  a 
new  license  granting  enlarged  privileges.  It  pointed 
boastfully  to  its  efficient  services  in  successfully  crush- 
ing out  American  enterprise,  and  in  strengthening  the 
British  title  to  the  territory,  contrary  to  the  spirit  and 
letter  of  the  joint  occupancy  treaties. 

In  presenting  the  petition,  the  company's  chief  rep- 
resentative in  England,  Sir  John  Henry  Pelly,  called 
the  attention  of  the  lords  to  the  service  rendered  in 
securing  to  the  mother  country  a  branch  of  trade, 
wrested  from  subjects  of  Russia  and  the  United  States 
of  America  :  to  the  six  permanent  establishments  it  had 
on  the  coast,  and  the  sixteen  in  the  interior,  besides 
the  migratory  and  hunting  parties ;  to  its  marine  of  six 
armed  vessels;  to  its  large  pasture  and  grain  farms, 
affording  every  species  of  agricultural  produce  and 
maintaining  large  herds  of  stock.  He  further  averred 
that  it  was  the  intention  of  the  company  to  still  further 
extend  and  increase  its  farms,  and  to  establish  an  ex- 
port trade  in  wool,  hides,  tallow  and  other  produce  of 
the  herd  and  the  cultivated  field,  also  to  encourage  the 
settlement  of  its  retired  servants  and  other  emigrants 
under  its  protection.  Referring  to  the  soil,  climate  and 
other  circumstances  of  the  country,  he  said  they  were 
such  as  to  make  it  "as  much  adapted  to  agricultural 
pursuits  as  any  other  spot  in  America ;  and,"  said  he, 
"with  care  and  protection  the  British  dominion  may 
not  only  be  preserved  in  this  country,  which  it  has  been 
so  much  the  wish  of  Russia  and  America  to  occupy  to 
the  exclusion  of  British  subjects,  but  British  interest 
and  British  influence  may  be  maintained  as  paramount 
in  this  interesting  part  of  the  coast  of  the  Pacific." 

Sir  George  Simpson,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company's  affairs  in  America,  in  making 
his  plea  for  the  renewal  of  the  license,  referred  to  the 
international  import  of  the  company's  operations  in  this 
language:  "The  possession  of  that  country  to  Great 
Britain  may  be  an  object  of  very  great  importance; 
and  we  are  strengthening  that  claim  to  it  (independent 


of  the  claims  of  prior  discovery  and  occupation  for  the 
purpose  of  Indian  trade)  by  forming  the  nucleus  of  a 
colony  through  the  establishment  of  farms,  and  the  set- 
tlement of  some  of  our  retired  officers  and  servants  as 
agriculturists." 

One  might  almost  expect  that  Great  Britain  would 
offer  some  word  of  reproof  to  a  company  which  could 
have  the  audacity  to  boast  of  violating  her  treaty  com- 
pacts with  a  friendly  power.  Not  so,  however.  She 
was  a  party  to  the  breach  of  faith.  Instead  of  admin- 
istering reproof,  she  rewards  the  wrong-doers  by  the 
promptly  issuing  of  a  new  license  to  extend  and  be  in 
force  for  a  period  of  twenty-one  years.  This  renewed 
license,  the  date  of  which  is  May  31,  1838,  granted  to 
the  company  ''the  exclusive  privilege  of  trading  with 
the  Indians  in  all  such  parts  of  North  America,  to  the 
northward  and  westward  of  the  islands  and  territories 
belonging  to  the  United  States  of  America,  as  shall  not 
form  part  of  any  of  our  (British)  provinces  in  North- 
said  United  States  of  America,  or  to  any  European- 
government,  state,  or  power.  Without  rent  for  the  first 
five  years,  and  afterward  the  yearly  rent  of  five  shill- 
ings, payable  on  the  ist  of  June."  The  company  was 
again  required  to  furnish  a  bond  conditioned  on  their 
executing  by  their  authority  over  the  persons  in  their 
employ,  "all'civil  and  criminal  process  by  the  officers  or 
persons  legally  empowered  to  execute  such  process 
within  all  territories  included  in  the  grant,  and  for  the 
producing  or  delivering  into  custody,  for  the  purpose 
of  trial,  all  persons  in  their  employ  or  acting  under  their 
authority  within  the  said  territories,  who  shall  be- 
charged  with  any  criminal  offenses."  The  license,  how- 
ever, prohibited  the  company  "from  claiming  or  exer- 
cising any  trade  with  the  Indians  on  the  northwest 
coast  of  America  westward  of  the  Rocky  mountains  to 
the  prejudice  or  exclusion  of  any  of  the  subjects  of  any 
foreign  state,  who,  under  or  by  any  force  of  any  con- 
vention for  the  time  being  between  Great  Britain  and 
such  foreign  states,  may  be  entitled  to  and  shall  be  en- 
gaged in  such  trade."  But  no  provision  could  be 
framed,  nor  was  it  the  wish  of  the  grantors  to  frame 
any,  which  should  prevent  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
from  driving  out  by  harassing  tactics  and  fierce  compe- 
tition, any  American  who  might  enter  the  Oregon  ter- 
ritory as  a  trader. 

Though  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  failed  to 
compete  with  the  powerful  British  company  for  the 
profits  of  the  fur  trade,  neither  they  nor  their  govern- 
ment viewed  the  aggressiveness  of  the  British  with  any- 
thing like  apathy.  The  value  of  the  country  early  be- 
came appreciated  by  a  determined  little  band  in  con- 
gress. The  debates  in  that  body,  as  well  as  the  numer- 
ous publications  sent  out  among  the  people,  stimulated 
a  few  daring  spirits  to  brave  the  dangers  of  Rocky 
mountain  travel  and  to  see  for  themselves  the  truth 
with  regard  to  Oregon.  Reports  from  these  reacted 
upon  congress,  enabling  it  to  reason  and  judge  from 
premises  more  nearly  in  accordance  with  fact.  Grad- 
ually interest  in  Oregon  became  intensified,  and  the 
determination  to  hold  it  for  the  United  States  deep- 
ened. While  the  country  never  receded  from  its  con- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


viction  of  the  existence  of  an  absolute  right  of  sover- 
eignty in  itself,  the  people  resolved  to  establish  a  title 
which  even  the  British  could  not  question,  to  win 
Oregon  from  Great  Britain  even  in  accordonce  with 
the  tenets  of  her  own  theory.  They  determined  to 
settle  and  Americanize  the  territory.  In  1834  an  ele- 
ment of  civilization  was  introduced  of  a  vastly  higher 
nature  than  any  which  accompanied  the  inroad  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay 'Company's  employees  and  of  trappers 
and  traders ;  an  element  more  potent  also  in  its  politi- 
cal effect  as  the  event  proved.  We  refer  to  the  en- 
trance into  the  country  of  a  party  of  Methodist  mis- 
sionaries, which  accompanied  Wyeth's  overland  expe- 
dition. The  party  consisted  of  Rev.  Jason  Lee  and 
his  nephew,  Rev.  Daniel  Lee,  Cyrus  Shepherd,  Court- 
ney M,  Walker  and  P.  L.  Edwards.  These  settled 
near  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Salem,  forming  the 
nucleus  of  a  thrifty  American  colony,  for  the  party 
was  perforce  increased  by  the  marriage  of  some  of  its 
members  and  by  additions  to  its  numbers  as  the  neces- 
sities of  the  mission  and  the  progress  of  its  work  de- 
manded. Not  only  that  but  the  adventurous  Rocky 
mountain  men  and  other  whites  who  became  weary 
of  their  nomadic  habits  when  they  determined  to  set- 
tle down  naturally  sought  its  vicinity  for  the  sake  of 
its  helpful  society  and  influence. 

Two  years  later  came  another  missionary  party, 
sent  out  by  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions,  an  organization  then  supported  by 
the  Congregational,  Presbyterian  and  Dutch  Reformed 
churches.  The  members  of  this  party  were  Dr.  Mar- 
cus Whitman  and  wife,  Rev.  H.  H.  Spalding  and 
wife  and  W.  H.  Gray.  We  must  pass  over  for  the 
present  the  work  of  these  men  and  those  who  later 
became  their  associates,  but  their  political  influence 
was  not  less  potent  than  that  of  the  Methodist  mis- 
sionaries and  it  is  certain  that  Whitman's  famous  mid- 
winter ride  overland  to  the  east  had  for  one  of  its 
momentous  results  the  stimulating  of  immigration  into 
Oregon.  Undoubtedly  a  large  proportion  of  the  near- 
ly nine  hundred  who  were  piloted  over  the  Rockies 
by  Whitman  in  1843,  were  induced  to  come  through 
the  representations  and  efforts  of  that  great  mission- 
ary patriot. 

But  besides  the  missions,  several  other  forces  were 
at  work  to  populate  the  Northwest  with  an  American 
people  which  must  be  passed  over  here.  The  inde- 
pendent population  of  the  country  in  1841  was  per- 
haps 253 ;  in  1842  came  an  immigration  of  1 1 1  per- 
sons;  in  1843  came  the  immigration  of  875  persons 
referred  to  above;  the  next  year  brought  800  more; 
1846  added  another  thousand  according  to  estimate, 
and  so  the  population  continued  to  grow  by  annual 
accretions.  America  had  determined  to  Oppose  her 
citizens,  as  settlers  and  home  builders,  against  the 
British  fur  traders,  thus  introducing  into  the  Oregon 
question  a  feature,  the  vital  force  and  import  of  which 
could  not  be  denied  by  the  adverse  claimant. 

But  the  transcendant  importance  of  this  great  con- 
troversy demands  that  we  trace  briefly  the  history  of 
diplomatic  negotiations  by  which  was  effected  a  peace- 
ful adjustment  of  international  interests  so  diametri- 


cally opposed  to  each  other  as  to  twice  all  but  occa- 
sion actual  conflict  of  arms. 

We  need  not  attempt  to  trace  all  the  conflicting 
claims  which  were  at  any  time  set  up  by  different  na- 
tions to  parts  or  the  whole  of  the  old  Oregon  territory, 
nor  to  go  into  the  controversy  in  all  its  multiform 
complications,  but  will  confine 'our  inquiry  mainly  to 
the  negotiations  after  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States  became  the  sole  claimants.  France  early  estab- 
lished some  right  to  what  denominated  "the  western 
part  of  Louisiana,"  which,  in  1762  she  conveyed  to 
Spain.  This  was  retroceded  to  France  some  thirty- 
eight  years  later,  and  in  1803  was  by  that  nation  con- 
veyed with  the  rest  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States. 
So  France  was  left  out  of  the  contest.  In  1819,  by 
the  treaty  of  Florida,  Spain  ceded  to  the  United  States 
all  right  and  title  whatsoever  which  she  might  have  to 
the  territory  on  the  Pacific,  north  of  the  forty-second 
parallel. 

What  then  were  the  claims  of  the  United  States  to 
this  vast  domain  ?  Naturally  they  were  of  a  three-fold 
character.  Our  government  claimed  first  in  its  own 
right.  The  Columbia  river  was  discovered  by  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States  and  named  by  him.  The  river 
had  been  subsequently  explored  from  its  sources  to  its 
mouth  by  a  government  expedition  under  Lewis  and 
Clark.  This  had  been  followed  and  its  effect  strength- 
ened by  American  settlements  upon  the  banks  of  the 
river.  While  Astoria,  the  American  settlement,  had 
been  captured  in  the  war  of  1812-15,  it  nad  been  re- 
stored in  accordance  with  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  one  pro- 
vision of  which  was  that  "all  territory,  places  and  pos- 
sessions whatsoever,  taken  by  either  party  from  the 
other  during  the  war,  or  which  may  be  taken  after  the 
signing  of  this  treaty,  shall  be  restored  without  de- 
lay." 

It  was  a  well  established  and  universally  recog- 
nized principle  of  international  law  that  the  discovery 
of  a  river,  followed  within  a  reasonable  time  by  acts 
of  occupancy,  conveyed  the  right  to  the  territory 
drained  by  the  river  and  its  tributary  streams.  This, 
it  was  contended,  would  make  the  territory  between 
forty-two  degrees  and  fifty-one  degrees  north  latitude 
the  rightful  possession  of  the  United  States. 

The  Americans  claimed  secondly  as  the  successors 
of  France.  By  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  the  date  whereof 
was  1713,  the  north  line  of  the  Louisiana  territory  was 
established  as  a  dividing  line  between  the  Hudson's 
Bay  territory  and  the  French  provinces  in  Canada. 
For  centuries  it  had  been  a  well  recognized  principle 
of  international  law  that  "continuity"  was  a  strong 
element  of  territorial  claim.  All  European  powers 
when  colonizing  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  construed  their 
colonial  grants  to  extend,  whether  expressly  so  stated 
or  otherwise,  entirely  across  the  continent  to  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  and  most  of  these  grants  conveyed  in  ex- 
press terms  a  strip  of  territory  bounded  north  and 
south  by  stated  parallels  of  latitude  and  east  and  west 
by  the  oceans.  Great  Britain  herself  had  stoutly  main- 
tained this  principle,  even  going  so  far  as  to  wage 
with  France  for  its  integrity,  the  war  which  was  ended 
by  the  treaty  of  1763.  By  that  England  acquired 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Canada  and  renounced  to  France  all  territory  west  of 
the  Mississippi  river.  It  was  therefore  contended  on 
the  part  of  the  United  States  that  England's  claim  by 
continuity  passed  to  France  and  from  France  by  as- 
subject  to  any  rights  which  might  prove  to  belong  to 
Spain. 

Thirdly,  the  United  States  claimed  as  the  succes- 
sor of  Spain,  all  the  rights  that  nation  might  have  ac- 
quired by  prior  discovery  or  otherwise  having  accrued 
to  the  United  States  by' the  treaty  of  Florida. 

In  the  negotiations  between  Great  Britain  and  the 
United  States,  which  terminated  in  the  Joint-Occu- 
pancy treaty  of  1818,  the  latter  nation  pressed  the 
former  for  a  final  quit  claim  of  all  territory  west  of  the 
Rocky  mountains.  In  so  doing  it  asserted  its  inten- 
tion "to  be  without  reference  or  prejudice  to  the 
claims  of  any  other  power,"  but  it  was  contended  on 
the  part  of  the  American  negotiations,  Gallitin  and 
Rush,  that  the  discovery  of  the  Columbia  by  Gray, 
its  exploration  by  Lewis  "and  Clark,  and  the  American 
settlement  at  Astoria  rendered  the  claim  of  the  United 
States  "at  least  good  against  Great  Britain  to  the 
country  through  which  such  river  flowed,  though  they 
did  not  assert  that  the  United  States  had  a  perfect  right 
to  the  country." 

When,  however,  the  United  States  succeeded  to 
Spain,  it  was  thought  that  all  clouds  upon  its  title 
were  completely  dispelled,  and  thereafter  it  was  the 
contention  of  this  government  that  its  right  to  sole 
occupancy  was  perfect  and  indisputable.  Great  Brit- 
ain, however,  did  not  claim  that  her  title  amounted  to 
one  of  sovereign  or  exclusive  possession,  but  simply 
that  it  was  at  least  as  good  as  any  other.  Her  theory 
was  that  she  had  a  right  to  occupancy  in  conjunction 
with  other  claimants,  which  by  settlement  and  other- 
wise might  be  so  strengthened  in  a  part  or  the  whole 
of  the  territory  as  to  ultimately  secure  for  her  the 
right  to  be  clothed  with  sovereignty. 

In  the  discussion  of  the  issue,  the  earliest  explora- 
tions had  to  be  largely  left  out  of  the  case,  as  they 
were  attended  by  too  much  vagueness  and  uncertainty 
to  bear  any  great  weight.  The  second  epoch  of  ex- 
ploration was,  therefore,  lifted  to  a  position  of  promin- 
ence it  could  not  otherwise  have  enjoyed.  Perez  and 
Heceta,  for  the  Spainards,  the  former  in  1774,  and  the 
latter  a  year  later,  had  explored  the  northwest  coast 
to  the  fifty-fifth  parallel  and  beyond,  Heceta  dis- 
covering the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river.  To  offset 
whatever  rights  might  accrue  from  these  explorations, 
England  had  only  the  more  thorough  but  less  exten- 
sive survey  of  Captain  James  Cook,  made  in  1778. 
The  advantage  in  point  of  prior  discovery  would, 
therefore,  seem  to  be  with  the  United  States  as'  assignee 
of  Spain. 

After  the  Joint-Occupancy  treaty  of  1818  had  been 
signed,  negotiations  on  the  subject  were  not  re- 
opened until  1824.  In  that  year,  obedient  to  the  mas- 
terly instructions  addressed  to  him  on  July  22,  1823, 
by  John  Quincy  Adams,  secretary  of  state,  Richard 
Rush,  minister  to  England,  entered  into  negotiations 
with  the  British  ministers  Canning  and  Huskisson 


for  the  adjustment  of  the  boundary.  Mr.  Rush  was 
instructed  to  offer  the  forty-ninth  parallel  to  the  sea, 
"should  it  be  earnestly  insisted  upon  by  Great  Britain." 
He  endeavored  with  great  persistency  to  fulfill  his  mis- 
sion, but  his  propositions  were  rejected.  The  British 
negotiators  offered  the  forty-ninth  parallel  to  the  Co- 
lumbia, then  the  middle  of  that  river  to  the  sea,  with 
perpetual  rights  to  both  nations  of  navigating  the  har- 
bor at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  This  proposal  Mr.  Rush 
rejected,  so  nothing  was  accomplished.  By  treaty 
concluded  in  February,  1825,  an  agreement  was  en- 
tered into  between  Great  Britain  and  Russia,  whereby 
the  line  of  fifty-four  degrees,  forty  minutes,  was  fixed 
as  the  boundary  between  the  territorial  claims  of  the 
two  nations,  a  fact  which  explains  the  cry  of  "Fifty- 
four,  forty  or  fight"  that  in  later  days  became  the 
slogan  of  the  Democratic  party. 

In  1826-7  another  attempt  was  made  to  settle  the 
question  at  issue  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States.  Albert  Gallatin  then  represented  this  country, 
receiving  his  instructions  from  Henry  Clay,  secretary 
of  state,  who  said :  "It  is  not  thought  necessary  to 
add  much  to  the  argument  advanced  on  this  point  in 
the  instructions  given  to  Mr.  Rush,  and  that  which  was 
employed  by  him  in  the  course  of  the  negotiations  to 
support  our  title  as  derived  from  prior  discovery  and 
settlement  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river,  and 
from  the  treaty  which  Spain  concluded  on  the  22d  of 
February,  1819.  That  argument  is  believed  to  have 
conclusively  established  our  title  on  both  grounds. 
Nor  is  it  conceived  that  Great  Britain  has  or  can  make 
out  even  a  colorless  title  to  any  portion  of  the  north- 
ern coast."  Referring  to  the  offer  of  the  forty-ninth 
parallel  in  a  dispatch  dated  February  24,  1827,  Mr. 
Clay  said :  "It  is  conceived  in  a  genuine  spirit  of  con- 
cession and  conciliation,  and  it  is  our  ultimatum 
and  you  may  so  announce  it."  In  order  to 
save  the  case  of  his  country  from  being 
prejudiced  in  future  negotiations  by  the  liberality 
of  offers  made  and  rejected,  Mr.  Clay  instructed  Galla- 
tin to  declare:  "That  the  American  government  does 
not  hold  itself  bound  hereafter,  in  consequence  of  any 
proposal  which  it  has  heretofore  made,  to  agree  to  a 
line  which  has  been  so  proposed  and  rejected,  but  will 
consider  itself  at  liberty  to  contend  for  the  full  measure 
of  our  just  claims;  which  declaration  you  must  have 
recorded  in  the  protocol  of  one  of  your  conferences; 
and  to  give  it  more  weight,  have  it  stated  that  it  has 
been  done  by  the  express  direction  of  the  president." 

Mr.  Gallatin  sustained  the  claim  of  the  United 
States  in  this  negotiation  so  powerfully  that  the  Brit- 
ish plenipotentiaries,  Huskisson,  Grant  and  Adding- 
ton,  were  forced  to  the  position  that  Great  Britian  did 
not  assert'  any  title  to  the  country.  They  contented 
themselves  with  the  contention  that  her  claim  was 
sufficiently  well  founded  as  to  give  her  the  right  to 
occupy  the  country  in  common  with  other  nations, 
such  concessions  having  been  made  to  her  by  the 
Nootka  treaty.  The  British  negotiators  complained 
of  the  recommendation  of  President  Monroe  in  his 
message  of  December  7,  1824,  to  establish  a  military 
post  at  the  mouth  of  Columbia  river  and  of  the  passage 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  bill  in  the  House  providing  for  the  occupancy  of 
the  Oregon  river.  To  this  the  Americans  replied  by  call- 
ing attention  to  the  act  of  the  British  parliament  of 
1821,  entitled  "An  act  for  regulating  the  fur  trade  and 
establishing  a  criminal  and  civil  jurisdiction  in  cer- 
tain parts  of  North  America."  He  contended  with 
great  ability  and  force  that  the  recommendation  and 
bill  complained  of  did  not  interfere  with  the  treaty  of 
1818,  and  that  neither  a  territorial  government  nor  a 
fort  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  could  rightly  be  com- 
plained of  by  a  government  which  had  granted  such 
wide  privileges  and  comprehensive  powers  to  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company. 

Before  the  conclusion  of  these  negotiations,  Mr. 
Gallatin  had  offered  not  alone  the  forty-ninth  parallel 
but  that  "the  navigation  of  the  Columbia  river  shall 
be  perpetually  free  to  subjects  of  Great  Britain  in  com- 
mon with  citizens  of  the  United  States,  provided  that 
the  said  line  should  strike  the  northeastermost  or  any 
other  branch  of  that  river  at  a  point  at  which  it  was 
navigable  for  boats."  The  British,  on  their  part,  again 
offered  the  Columbia  river,  together  with  a  large 


of  land  between  Admiralty  Inlet  and  the  coast,  protest- 
ing that  this  concession  was  made  in  the  spirit  of  sacri- 
fice for  conciliation  and  not  as  one  of  right.  The 
proposition  was  rejected  and  the  negotiations  ended  in 
the  treaty  of  August  6,  1827,  which  continued  the 
Joint-Occupancy  treaty  of  1818  indefinitely,  with  the 
proviso  that  it  might  be  abrogated  by  either  party 
on  giving  the  other  a  year's  notice. 

"There  can  be  no  doubt,"  says  Evans,  "that,  during 
the  continuance  of  these  two  treaties,  British  foothold 
was  strengthened  and  the  difficulty  of  the  adjustment 
of  boundaries  materially  enhanced.  Nor  does  this  re- 
flect in  the  slighest  degree  upon  those  great  publicists 
who  managed  the  claim  of  the  United  States  in  those 
negotiations.  Matchless  ability  and  earnest  patriot- 
ism, firm  defense  of  the  United  States'  claim,  and 
withal  a  disposition  to  compromise  to  avoid  rupture 
with  any  other  nation,  mark  these  negotiations  in  every 
line.  The  language  and  intention  of  these  treaties  are 
clear  and  unmistakable.  Neither  government  was  to 
attempt  any  act  in  the  derogation  of  the  other's  claim  ; 
nor  could  any  advantage  inure  to  either;  during  their 
continuance  the  territory  should  be  free  and  open  to 
citizens  and  subjects  of  both  nations.  Such  is  their 
plain  purport;  such  the  only  construction  which  their 
language  will  warrant.  Yet  it  cannot  be  controverted 
that  the  United  States  had  thereby  precluded  itself 
from  the  sole  enjoyment  of  the  territory  which  it 
claimed  in  sovereignty;  nor  that  Great  Britain  ac- 
quired a  peaceable,  recognized  and  uninterrupted  ten- 
ancy-in-common  in  regions  where  her  title  was  so  im- 
perfect that  she  herself  admitted  that  she  could  not 
successfully  maintain,  nor  did  she  even  assert  it.  She 
could  well  afford  to  wait.  Hers  was  indeed  the  policy 
later  in  the  controversy  styled  masterly  inactivity: 
'Leave  the  title  in  abeyance,  the  settlement  of  the  coun- 
try will  ultimately  settle  the  sovereignty.'  In  no  event 
could  her  colorless  title  lose  color  ;  while  an  immediate 
adjustment  of  the  boundary  would  have  abridged  the 
area  of  territory  in  which,  through  her  subjects,  she 


already  exercised  exclusive  possession,  and  had  se- 
ed the  entire  enjoyment  of  its  wealth  and  resources. 
The  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  by  virtue  of  its  license 
of  trade  excluding  all  other  British  subjects  from  the 
territory,  was  Great  Britain's  trustee  in  possession — 
an  empire  company,  omnipotent  to  supplant  enterprises 
projected  by  citizens  of  the  United  States.  Indeed, 
the  territory  had  been  appropriated  by  a  wealthy,  all- 
powerful  monopoly,  with  whom  it  was  runious  to  at- 
tempt to  compete.  Such  is  a  true  exhibit  of  the  then 
condition  of  Oregon,  produced  by  causes  extrinsic  to 
the  treaty,  which  the  United  States  government  could 
neither  counteract  nor  avoid.  The  United  States  had 
saved  the  right  for  its  citizens  to  enter  the  territory, 
had  protested  likewise  that  no  act  or  omission  on  the 
part  of  the  government  or  its  citizens,  or  any  act  of 
commission  or  omission  by  the  British  government  or 
her  subjects  during  such  joint-occupancy  treaties, 
should  affect  in  any  way  the  United  States'  claim  to 
the  territory. 


"The  treaties  of  1818  and  1827  have  passed  into  his- 
tory as  conventions  for  joint  occupancy.  Practically 
they  operated  as  grants  of  possession  to  Great  Britain, 
or  rather  to  her  representative,  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  who,  after  the  merger  with  the  Northwest 
Company,  had  become  sole  occupant  of  the  territory. 
The  situation  may  be  briefly  summed  up :  The  United 
States  claimed  title  to  the  territory.  Great  Britain, 
through  its  empire-trading  company,  occupied  it, — en- 
joyed all  the  wealth  and  resources  derivable  from  it." 
But  while  joint  occupancy  was  in  realty  non-oc- 
cupation by  any  but  the  British,  it  must  not  be  sup- 
posed that  the  case  of  the  United  States  was  allowed  to 
go  entirely  by  default  during  the  regime  of  so-called 
joint  occupancy.  In  congress  the  advisability  of  occu- 
pying Oregon  was  frequently  and  vehemently  dis- 
cussed. Ignorance  and  misconception  with  regard  to 
the  real  nature  of  Oregon,  its  climate,  soil,  products, 
and  healthfulness,  were  being  dispelled.  The  repre- 
sentations of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  that  it  was 
a  "miasmatic  wilderness,  uninhabitable  except  by  wild 
beasts  and  more  savage  men,"  were  found  to  be  false. 
In  1821  Dr.  John  Floyd,  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virginia,  and  Senator  Thomas  H.  Benton,  of 
Missouri,  had  interviews  at  Washington  with  Ramsey 
Crooks  and  Russel  Farnham,  who  had  belonged  to 
Astor's  party.  From'  these  gentlemen  they  learried 
something  of  the  value  of  Oregon,  its  features  of  in- 
terest, and  its  commercial  and  strategic  importance. 
This  information  Dr.  Floyd  made  public  in  1822,  in  a 
speech  in  support  of  a  bill  "to  authorize  the  occupa- 
tion of  the  Columbia  river,  and  to  regulate  trade  and 
intercourse  with  the  Indians  thereon."  On  December 
29,  1 8.7.3,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  inquire  as  to 
the  wisdom  of  occupying  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia 
and  the  committee's  report,  submitted  on  April  I5th 
of  the  following  year,  embodied  a  communication  from 
General  Thomas  S.  Jesup,  which  asserted  that  the  mili- 
tary occupancy  of  the  Columbia  was  a  necessity  for 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


protecting  trade  and  securing  the  frontier.  It  recom- 
mended "the  dispatch  of  a  force  of  two  hundred  men 
across  the  continent  to  establish  a  fort  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Columbia  river ;  that  at  the  same  time  two  vessels, 
with  arms,  ordnance  and  supplies,  be  sent  thither  by 
sea.  He  further  proposed  the  establishment  of  a  line 
of  posts  across  the  continent  to  afford  protection  to 
our  traders;  and  on  the  expiration  of  the  privilege 
granted  to  British  subjects  to  trade  on  the  waters  of 
the  Columbia,  to  enable  us  to  remove  them  from  our 
territory,  and  secure  the  whole  to  our  citizens.  Those 
posts  could  also  secure  the  preservation  of  peace  among 
the  Indians  in  the  event  of  a  foreign  war  and  command 
their  neutrality  or  assistance  as  we  might  think  most 
advisable."  The  letter  exposed  Great  Britian's  rea- 
sons for  her  policy  of  masterly  inactivity,  and  urged 
that  some  action  be  taken  by  the  United  States  to  off- 
set the  accretion  of  British  title  and  for  preserving 
and  perfecting  its  own.  "History,"  says  Evans,  "will 
generously  award  credit  to  the  sagacious  Jesup  for 
indicating  in  1823  the  unerring  way  to  preserve  the 
American  title  to  Oregon  territory.  Nor  will  it  fail 
to  command  the  earnest  devotion  of  that  little  Oregon 
party  in  congress  for  placing  on  record  why  the  gov- 
ernment should  assert  exclusive  jurisdiction  within  its 
own  territory."  In  the  next  congress  the  subject  was 
again  discussed  with  energy  and  ability.  In  1831  for- 
mal negotiations  with  Great  Britain  were  resumed. 

All  this  discussion  had  a  tendency  to  dispel  the 
idea,  promulgated,  as  we  have  seen,  by  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  that  the  territory  was  worthless  and 
uninhabitable,  also  to  excite  interest  in  the  mystic  re- 
gion beyond  the  mountains. 

The  United  States  claimed  theoretically  that  it  was 
the  possessor  of  a  vested  right  to  absolute  sovereignty 
over  the  entire  Oregon  territory,  and  in  all  the  nego- 
tiations, after  the  signing  of  the  treaty  of  Florida,  its 
ambassadors  claimed  that  the  title  of  their  country  was 
clearly  established.  The  fact,  however,  that  joint  occu- 
pancy was  agreed  to  at  all  after  1828  could  hardly  be 
construed  in  any  other  light  than  as  a  confession  of 
weakness  in  our  title,  notwithstanding  the  unequivocal 
stipulations  that  neither  party  should  attempt  anything 
in  derogation  of  the  other's  claims,  and  that  the  con- 
troversy should  be  determined  on  its  merits  as  they 
existed  prior  to  1818.  If  the  United  States  came  into 
possession  of  an  absolute  title  in  1819,  why  should  it 
afterward  permit  occupation  by  British  subjects  and 
the  enforcement  of  British  law  in  its  domain  ? 

The  United  States'  title,  as  before  stated,  rested 
upon  three  foundation  stones, — its  own  discoveries 
and  explorations,  the  discoveries  and  explorations  of 
the  Spaniards,  and  the  purchase  of  Louisiana.  While 
it  was  not  contended  that  any  one  of  these  conveyed 
exclusive  right,  the  position  of  our  country  was  that 
each  supplemented  the  other ;  that,  though  while  vested 
in  different  nations  they  were  antagonistic  when  held 
by  the  same  nation,  they,  taken  together,  amounted  to 
a  complete  title.  The  title  was,  therefore,  cumulative 
in  its  nature  and  had  in  it  the  weakness  which  is  in- 
herent under  such  conditions.  It  was  impossible  to 
determine  with  definiteness  how  many  partial  titles, 


the  value  of  each  being  a  matter  of  uncertainty,  would 
cumulatively  amount  to  one  complete  title.  And,  how- 
ever clear  the  right  of  the  United  States  might  seem 
to  its  own  statesmen,  it  is  evident  that  conviction  must 
be  produced  in  the  minds  of  the  British  also  if  war  was 
to  be  avoided. 

In  1831  when  Martin  Van  Buren  was  our  minister 
at  London  he  received  instructions  relative  to  the  con- 
troversy from  Edward  Livingston,  secretary  of  state, 
the  tenor  of  which  indicated  that  the  United  States 
was  not  averse  to  the  presence  of  the  British  in  the 
territory.  While  they  asserted  confidence  in  the 
American  title  to  the  entire  Oregon  territory,  they 
said:  "This  subject,  then,  is  open  for  discussion,  and 
until  the  rights  of  the  parties  can  be  settled  by  nego- 
tiations, ours  can  suffer  nothing  by  delay."  Under 
these  rather  lukewarm  instructions,  naturally  nothing 
was  accomplished. 

In  1842  efforts  to  adjust  the  boundary  west  of  the 
Rocky  mountains  were  again  resumed,  this  time  on 
motion  of  Great  Britain.  That  power  requested  on 
October  i8th  of  the  year  mentioned  that  the  United 
States  minister  at  London  should  be  furnished  with 
instructions  and  authority  to  renew  negotiations,  giv- 
ing assurance  of  its  willingness  to  proceed  to  the  con- 
sideration of  the  boundary  subject  "in  a  perfect  spirit 
of  fairness,  and  to  adjust  it  on  a  basis  of  equitable 
compromise."  On  November  25th,  Daniel  Webster, 
then  secretary  of  state,  replied :  "That  the  president 
concurred  entirely  in  the  expediency  of  making  the 
question  respecting  the  Oregon  territory  a  subject  of 
immediate  attention  and  negotiation  between  the  two 
governments.  'He  had  already  formed  the  purpose  of 
expressing  this  opinion  in  his  message  to  congress, 
and  at  no  distant  day,  a  communication  will  be  made  to 
the  minister  of  the  United  States  in  London." 

Negotiations  were  not,  however,  renewed  until  Oc- 
tober, 1843,  when  Secretary  Upshur  sent  instructions 
to  Edward  Everett,  American  minister  to  London, 
again  offering  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  together  with 
the  right  of  navigating  the  Columbia  river  upon  equit- 
able terms.  In  February  of  the  ensuing  year,  Hon. 
Richard  Packenham,  British  plenipotentiary,  came  to 
the  American  capital  with  instructions  to  negotiate 
concerning  the  Oregon  territory.  No  sooner  had  dis- 
cussion fairly  begun  than  a  melancholy  event  hap- 
pened, Secretary  Upshur  being  killed  on  the  United 
States  vessel  Princeton  by  the  explosion  of  a  gun.  A 
few  months  later  his  successor,  John  C.  Calhoun,  con- 
tinued the  negotiations.  The  arguments  were  in  a 
large  measure  a  repetition  of  these  already  advanced 
but  a  greater  aggressiveness  on  the  part  of  the  British 
and  persistency  in  denying  the  claims  of  the  United 
States  were  noticeable.  As  in  former  negotiations,  the 
privileges  accorded  by  the  Nootka  convention  were 
greatly  relied  upon  by  Great  Britain  as  proving  that 
no  absolute  title  was  retained  by  Spain  after  the  sign- 
ing of  that  treaty,  hence  none  could  be  assigned.  One 
striking  statement  in  Lord  Packenham's  correspond- 
ence was  to  the  effect  that  "he  did  not  feel  authorized 
to  enter  into  discussion  respecting  the  territory  north 
of  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  latitude,  which  was  under- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


15 


.•stood  by  the  British  government  to  form  the  basis  of 
negotiations  on  the  side  of  the  United  States,  as  the 
line  of  the  Columbia  formed  that  of  Great  Britain." 
He  thus  showed  all  too  plainly  the  animus  of  his  gov- 
ernment to  take  advantage  of  the  spirit  of  compromise 
which  prompted  the  offer  of  that  line  and  to  construe 
.such  offer  as  the  abandonment  of  the  United  States, 
claim  to  an  absolute  title  to  all  the  Oregon  territory.  It 
is  hard  to  harmonize  her  action  in  this  matter  with  the 
"perfect  spirit  of  fairness"  professed  in  the  note  of 
Lord  Aberdeen  to  Mr.  Webster  asking  for  a  renewal  of 
negotiations.  No  agreement  was  reached. 

During  the  sessions  of  congress  of  1843-4  memor- 
ials, resolutions  and  petitions  from  all  parts  of  the 
union  came  in  a  perfect  flood.  The  people  were  thor- 
oughly aroused.  In  the  presidential  election  which  oc- 
curred at  that  time  the  Oregon  question  was  a  leading 
issue.  "Fifty-four  Forty  or  Fight"  became  the  rally- 
ing cry  of  the  Democratic  party.  The  platform 
framed  in  the  Democratic  national  convention  de- 
clared: "Our  title  to  the  whole  of  Oregon  is  clear 
and  unquestionable.  No  portion  of  the  same  ought 
to  be  ceded  to  England  or  any  other  power;  and  by 
the  reoccupation  of  Oregon  at  the  earliest  practical 
period  is  a  great  American  measure."  The  position 
of  the  Whig  party  was  milder  and  less  arrogant,  but 
equally  emphatic  in  its  assertion  of  belief  in  the  valid- 
ity of  the  United  States"  title.  The  fact  that  the  Demo- 
crats carried  in  the  election,  despite  the  warlike  tone 
•of  their  platform  and  campaign,  is  conclusive  evidence 
that  the  people  were  determined  to  hold  their  terri- 
tory on  the  Pacific  regardless  of  cost.  "Never  was  a 
government  more  signally  advised  by  the  voice  of  a 
.united  people.  The  popular  pulse  had  been  felt,  and 
it  beat  strongly  in  favor  of  prompt  and  decisive  meas- 
uies  to  secure  the  immediate  reoccupation  of  Oregon. 
It  equally  proclaimed  that  'no  portion  thereof  ought 
to  be  ceded  to  Great  Britain.'  "  In  January,  1845,  Sir 
.Richard  Packenham,  the  British  minister,  proposed 
that  the  matter  in  dispute  be  left  to  arbitration,  which 
proposal  was  respectfully  declined.  So  the  adminis- 
tration of  President  Tyler  terminated  without  adjust- 
ment of  the  Oregon  difficulty. 

Notwithstanding  the  unequivocal  voice  of  the  peo- 
ple in  demand  of  the  whole  of  Oregon,  James  Buch- 
anan, secretary  of  state  under  President  Polk,  in  a 
communication  to  Sir  Richard  Packenham,  dated  July 
12,  1845,  again  offered  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  explain- 
ing at  the  same  time  that  he  could  not  have  consented 
to  do  so  had  he  not  found  himself  embarassed  if  not 
committed  by  the  acts  of  his  predecessors.  Packen- 
ham rejected  the  offer.  Buchanan  informed  him  that 
he  was  "instructed  by  the  president  to  say  that  he  owes 
it  to  his  country,  and  a  just  appreciation  of  her  title  to 
the  Oregon  territory,  to  withdraw  the  proposition  to 
the  British  government  which  has  been  made  under 
his  direction ;  and  it  is  hereby  accordingly  withdrawn." 
This  formal  withdrawal  of  previous  offers  of  com- 
promise on  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  justified  as  it  was 
by  Great  Britain's  repeated  rejections,  left  the  Polk 
administration  free  and  untrammeled.  Appearances 
indicated  that  it  was  now  ready  to  give  execution  to 


the  popular  verdict  of  1844.  The  message  of  the  presi- 
dent recommended  that  the  year's  notice,  required  by 
the  treaty  of  1827,  be  immediately  given,  that  measures 
be  adopted  for  maintaining  the  rights  of  the  United 
States  to  the  whole  of  Oregon,  and  that  such  legisla- 
tion be  enacted  as  would  afford  security  and  protection 

In  harmony  with  these  recommendations,  a  resolu- 
tion was  adopted  April  27,  1846,  authorizing  the  presi- 
dent "at  his  discretion  to  give  to  the  government  of 
Great  Britain  the  notice  required  by  the  second  article 
of  the  said  convention  of  the  sixth  of  August,  eighteen 
hundred  and  twenty-seven,  for  the  abrogation  of  the 
same." 

Acting  in  accordance  with  the  resolution,  Presi- 
dent Polk  the  next  day  sent  notice  of  the  determination 
of  the  United  States  "that,  at  the  end  of  twelve  months 
from  and  after  the  delivery  of  these  presents  by  the 
envoy  extraordinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  of 
the  United  States  at  London,  to  her  Britannic  Ma- 
jesty, or  to  her  majesty's  principal  secretary  of  state  for 
foreign  affairs,  the  said  convention  shall  be  entirely 
annulled  and  abrogated." 

On  the  27th  of  December,  1845,  Sir  Richard  Pack- 
enham had  submitted  another  proposal  to  arbitrate  the 
matter  at  issue  between  the  two  governments.  The 
proposal  was  declined  on  the  ground  that  to  submit  the 
proposition  in  the  form  stated  would  preclude  the 
United  States  from  making  a  claim  to  the  whole  of  the 
territory.  On  January  ijth  of  the  following  year,  a 
modified  proposal  was  made  to  refer  "the  question  of 
title  in  either  government  to  the  whole  territory  to  be 
decided ;  and  if  neither  were  found  to  possess  a  com- 
plete title  to  the  whole,  it  was  to  be  divided  between 
them  according  to  a  just  appreciation  of  the  claims  of 
each."  The  answer  of  Mr.  Buchanan  was  clear  and 
its  language  calculated  to  preclude  any  more  arbitra- 
tion proposals.  He  said :  "If  the  governments  should 
consent  to  an  arbitration  upon  such  terms,  this  would 
be  construed  into  an  intimation,  of  not  a  direct  invita- 
tion to  the  arbitrator  to  divide  the  territory  between 
the  two  parties.  Were  it  possible  for  this  government, 
under  any  circumstances,  to  refer  the  question  to  arbi- 
tration, the  title  and  the  title  alone,  detached  from  every 
other  consideration,  ought  to  be  the  only  question  sub- 
mitted. The  title  of  the  United  States,  which  the 
president  regards  clear  and  unquestionable,  can  never 
be  placed  in  jeopardy  by  referring  it  to  the  decision  of 
any  individual,  whether  sovereign,  citizen  or  subject. 
Nor  does  he  believe  the  territorial  rights  of  this  nation 
are  a  proper  subject  of  arbitration." 

But  the  British  government  seems  now  to  have  be- 
come determined  that  the  question  should  be  settled 
without  further  delay.  The  rejected  arbitration  pro- 
posal was  followed  on  the  6th  of  June,  1846,  by  a  draft 
of  the  proposed  treaty  submitted  by  Sir  Richard  Pack- 
enham to  Secretary  of  State  Buchanan.  The  provision 
of  this  were  to  the  effect  that  the  boundary  should  be 
continued  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel  "to  the  middle 
of  the  channel  which  separates  the  continent  from 
Vancouver  Island:  and  thence  southerly  through  the 
middle  of  said  channel  and  of  Fuca's  strait  to  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Pacific  ocean."  It  stipulated  that  the  navigation  of 
the  Columbia  river  should  remain  free  and  open  to  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  to  all  British  subjects 
trading  with  the  same;  that  the  possessory  right  of 
that  company  and  of  all  British  subjects  south  of  the 
forty-ninth  parallel  should  be  respected,  and  that  "the 
farms,  lands  and  other  property  of  every  description 
belonging  to  the  Puget  Sound  Agricultural  Company 
shall  be  confirmed  to  said  company.  In  case,  however, 
the  situation  of  these  farms  and  lands  should  be  con- 
sidered by  the  United  States  to  be  of  public  import- 
ance, and  the  United  States  government  should  signify 
a  desire  to  obtain  possession  of  the  whole,  or  any  part 
thereof,  the  property  so  required  shall  be  transferred 
to  the  said  government  at  a  proper  valuation,  to  be 
agreed  between  the  parties." 

Upon  the  receipt  of  the  important  communication 
embodying  this  draft,  the  president  asked  in  advance 
the  advice  of  the  senate,  a  very  unusual,  though  not 
unprecedented  procedure.  Though  the  request  of  the 
president  was  dated  June  loth  and  the  consideration 
of  the  resolution  to  accept  the  British  proposal  was  not 
begun  until  June  I2th,  on  June  I3th  it  was  "resolved 

£wo-thirds  of  the  senators  present  consenting),  that 
e  president  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
advised  to  accept  the  proposal  of  the  British  govern- 
ment, accompanying  his  message  to  the  senate,  dated 
June  10,  1846,  for  a  convention  to  settle  the  boundar- 
ies, etc.,  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain, 
west  of  the  Rocky  or  Stony  mountains."  The  advice 
was,  however,  "given  under  the  conviction  that,  by  the 
true  construction  of  the  second  article  of  the  project, 
the  right  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  to  navigate 
the  Columbia  would  expire  with  the  termination  of 
their  present  license  of  trade  with  the  Indians,  etc.,  on 
the  northwest  coast  of  America,  on  the  3Oth  of  May, 
1859." 

The  wonderful  alacrity  with  which  this  advice  was 
given  and  with  which  five  degrees  and  forty  minutes 
of  territory  were  surrendered  to  Great  Britain,  is  ac- 
counted for  by  some  historians  (and  no  doubt  they 
are  correct)  by  supposing  that  the  "cession"  was  made 
in  the  interests  of  slavery.  The  friends  of  that  insti- 
tution were  unwilling  to  risk  a  war  with  Great  Brit- 
ain which  would  interfere  with  the  war  with  Mexico 
and  the  annexation  of  Texas.  Their  plan  was  to  ac- 
quire as  much  territory  from  which  slave  states  could 
be  formed  as  possible,  and  they  were  not  over  scrupu- 
lous about  sacrificing  territory  which  must  ultimately 
develop  into  free  states.  But  for  unfortunate  diplo- 
macy, "it  is  quite  probable  that  British  Columbia  would 
be  to-day,  what  many  would  deem  desirable  in  view  of 
its  growing  importance,  a  part  of  the  United  States." 
Notwithstanding  the  great  sacrifice  made  by  the 
United  States  for  the  sake  of  peace,  it  was  not"  long 


ntil 


clouds  were  again  darkening  ou 
skies.  The  determining  of  the  line  after  it  reached  the 
Pacific  ocean  soon  became  a  matter  of  dispute.  Hard- 
ly had  the  ratifications  been  exchanged  when  Captain 
Prevost,  for  the  British  government,  set  up  the  claim 
that  Rosario  was  the  channel  intended  by  the  treaty. 


The  claim  was,  of  course,  denied  by  Mr.  Campbell,, 
who  was  representing  the  United  States  in  making  the 
survey  line.  It  was  contended  by  him  that  the  Canal 
de  Haro  was  the  channel  mentioned  in  the  treaty.  Lord 
Russell,  conscious,  no  doubt,  of  the  weakness  of  his 
case,  proposed  as  a  compromise  President's  channel, 
between  Rosario  and  de  Haro  straits.  The  generosity 
of  this  proposal  is  obvious  when  we  remember  that  San 
Juan  island,  the  principal  bone  of  contention,  would 
be  on  the  British  side  of  the  line.  Indeed  Lord  Lyons, 
the  British  diplomatic  representative  in  the  United 
States,  was  expressly  instructed  that  no  line  would  be 
accepted  which  did  not  give  San  Juan  to  the  British. 
The  position  of  the  United  States  was  stated  by  Secre- 
tary of  State  Lewis  Cass,  with  equal  clearness  and  de- 
cisiveness. Efforts  to  settle  the  matter  geographically 
proved  unavailing  and  diplomacy  again  had  to  undergo 
a  severe  test. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  matter  remained  in. 
abeyance.  Then  the  pioneer  resolved  to  try  the  plan 
he  had  before  resorted  to  in  the  settlement  of  the  main 
question.  He  pushed  into  the  country  with  wife  and 
family.  The  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  representa- 
tives were  already  there  and  the  danger  of  a  clash  of 
arms  between  the  subjects  of  the  queen  and  the  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  resident  in  the  disputed  terri- 
tory, soon  became  imminent.  Such  a  collision  would 
undoubtedly  involve  the  two  countries  in  war. 

In  the  session  of  the  Oregon  territorial  legislature 
of  1852-53,  the  archipelago  to  which  San  Juan  island 
belongs  was  organized  into  a  county.  Taxes  were  in 
due  time  imposed  on  Hudson's  Bay  Company  prop- 
erty, and  when  payment  was  refused,  the  sheriff 
promptly  sold  sheep  enough  to  satisfy  the  levy.  Gen- 
eral Harney,  commander  of  the  Department  of  the  Pa- 
cific, inaugurated  somewhat  summary  proceedings. 
He  landed  over  four  hundred  and  fifty  troops  on  the 
island,  and  instructed  Captain  Pickett  to  protect  Amer- 
ican citizens  there  at  all  costs.  English  naval  forces 
of  considerable  power  gathered  about  the  island.  Their 
commander  protested  against  military  occupancy. 
Pickett  replied  that  he  could  not,  under  his  orders,  per- 
mit any  joint  occupancy.  General  Harney,  however, 
had  acted  without  instructions  from  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment, and  the  president  did  not  approve  his  measures 
officially,  though  it  was  plainly  evident  that  the  admin- 
istration was  not  averse  to  having  the  matter  forced 
to  an  issue. 

At  this  juncture,  the  noted  General  Scott  was  sent 
to  the  scene  of  the  difficulty,  under  instructions  to  per- 
mit joint  occupancy  until  the  matter  in  dispute  could 
be  settled.  Harney  was  withdrawn  from  command  en- 
tirely. Finally  an  agreement  was  reached  between 
General  Scott  and  the  British  governor  at  Vancouver 
that  each  party  should  police  the  territory  with  one 
hundred  armed  men. 

Diplomacy  was  again  tried.  Great  Britain  pro- 
posed that  the  question  at  issue  be  submitted  to  arbi- 
tration and  she  suggested  as  arbiter  the  president  of 
the  Swiss  council  or  the  King  of  Sweden  and  Norway 
or  the  King  of  the  Netherlands.  The  proposition  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


declined  by  the  United  States.  For  ten  years  the  dis- 
pute remained  unsettled.  Eventually  on  May  8,  1871, 
it  was  mutually  agreed  to  submit  the  question,  without 
appeal,  to  the  arbitrament  of  Emperor  William  of 
Germany.  George  Bancroft,  the  well-known  historian, 
was  chosen  to  present  the  case  of  the  United  States, 
and  it  is  said  that  "his  memorial  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  octavo  pages  is  one  of  the  most  finished  and  un- 
answerable diplomatic  arguments  ever  produced."  The 
British  also  presented  a  memorial.  These  were  inter- 
changed and  replies  were  prepared  by  each  contestant. 
The  emperor  gave  the  matter  careful  and  deliberate  at- 
tention, calling  to  his  assistance  three  eminent  jurists. 
His  award  was  as  follows :  "Most  in  accordance  with 
the  true  interpretation  of  the  treaty  concluded  on  the 
1 5th  of  June,  1846,  between  the  governments  of  her 
Britanic  Majesty  and  the  United  States  of  America,  is 
the  claim  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
that  the  boundry  line  between  the  territories 
of  her  Britannic  Majesty  and  the  United  States 
should  be  drawn  through  the  Haro  channel.  Authen- 
ticated by  our  autograph  signature  and  the  impression 
of  the  Imperial  Great  Seal.  Given  at  Berlin,  October 
21,  1872."  This  brief  and  unequivocal  decree  ended 
forever  the  vexatious  controversy  which  for  so  many 
years  had  disturbed  friendly  feelings  and  endangered 
the  peace  of  the  two  great  Anglo-Saxon  peoples.  No 


shot  was  fired;  no  blood  was  shed;  diplomacy  had 
triumphed. 

In  this  cursory  review  of  early  Northwest  history, 
the  events  transpiring  between  the  signing  of  the  treaty 
of  1846  and  the  organization  of  Idaho  territory  can- 
not be  incorporated  in  any  fulness.  Another  struggle 
for  possession  followed  hard  upon  that  with  Great 
Britain,  the  final  struggle  in  the  great  race  war  as  a 
result  of  which  our  national  domain  was  wrested  from 
the  hands  of  its  aboriginal  inhabitants.  This  struggle 
could  have  but  on  eri 


. 

ld  have  but  one  termination.  The  ineror  race 
must  yield  to  the  superior.  The  Cayuse  war,  growing 
out  of  the  Whitman  massacre  at  Waiilatpu  in  1847, 
and  the  Indian  wars  of  the  'fifties  resulted  favorably 
to  the  whites  and  though  the  red  man  was  a  power  in 
the  land  for  many  years,  he  could  not  withstand  the 
steady  oncoming  tide  of  thrifty  gold  hunters  and 
homeseekers.  The  Northwest  pioneers  being  lovers 
of  law  and  order,  governments  were  instituted  as  a 
matter  of  course,  first,  the  provisional  government  for 
the  Oregon  territory;  then  territorial  government  un- 
der the  laws  of  congress,  then  separate  territorial  gov- 
ernment for  the  country  north  of  the  Columbia  river 
and  eventually  on  March  3,  1863,  separate  territorial 
government  for  Idaho,  with  the  northern  counties  of 
which  our  history  must  concern  itself  in  future  chap- 
ters. 


PART  I. 

GENERAL  NORTH  IDAHO  HISTORY 


CHAPTRR    I. 


PERIOD  OF  PLACER  MINING. 


Just  when  the  existence  of  gold  in  the  country  north 
and  east  of  the  big  bend  in  the  Snake  river  became 
known  it  is  impossible  to  state  with  any  certainty. 
Bancroft  says  that  in  1854  a  man  named  Robbins.  a 
resident  of  Portland,  had  purchased  some  gold  of  the 
Spokane  Indians,  and  that  the  Catholic  missionary, 
De  Smet,  had  known  of  its  existence  in  what  is  now 
north  Idaho  even  prior  to  that  date.  E.  D.  Pierce  is 
also  credited  with  an  early  knowledge  of  the  aurifer- 
ous character  of  the  country,  and  the  reason  given  for 
his  not  having  prospected  it  long  before  he  did  is  the 
hostility  of  the  Indian  tribes.  The  reason  is  indeed  a 
plausible  one,  for  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  any  man  or 
set  of  men  could  carry  on  such  operations  during  the 
era  of  Indian  wars. 

Many  writers  have  assigned  a  different  reason  for 
•  Pierce's  manifest  interest  in  the  prospecting  of  the 
Nez  Perce  country.  They  state  that  some  time  in  the 
early  'fifties  an  Indian  of  one  of  the  northern  tribes 
visited  the  locality  in  California  where  Pierce  was  then 
mining ;  that  the  Indian  told  a  strange  story  of  an  ap- 
parition seen  by  himself  and  two  traveling  companions 
in  the  rugged  cliffs  of  his  Idaho  home ;  that  the  ap- 
parition was  in  the  shape  of  a  great,  blazing  ball  of 
light  which  the  superstitious  red  men  believed  to  be 
the  eye  of  the  Great  Spirit.  The  Indians  were  too  awe- 
striken  and  fearful  to  venture  any  explorations  until 
daylight,  when  diligent  search  revealed  a  large,  glitter- 
ing ball  that  resembled  glass,  embedded  in  the  country 
Believing  their  discovery  to  be  "great  medicine," 


thev 


lodge  and  appropriate  the  treasure  but  were  unable  to 
do  so,  and  the  great  ball  was  still  in  situ.  This  story, 
says  the  writers  referred  to,  so  fired  the  imagination 


of  the  visionary  Pierce  that  he  at  once  formed  the  de- 
sign of  going  in  search  of  the  wonderful  ball,  believ- 
ing it  to  be  a  huge  diamond. 

Whether  the  story  is  veritable  fact  or  pure  myth  or 
partly  the  former  and  partly  the  latter,  the  writer  is 
unable  to  state.     George  W.  Pierce  who  knew  E.  D. 
Pierce  in  Siskiyou  county  and  mined  with  him  there 
says  there  is  no  truth  in  the  legend.     It  sounds  very 
much  as  though  it  might  be  one  of  the  fictions  so  cur- 
rent among  mining  men  and  prospectors  of  the  earl 
days,  which,  however,  generally  take  the  form  of  los 
cabins,  lost  diggings,   fabulous   wealth  discovered  b 
lost  miners  and  hunters,  etc.     But  whatever  may  ha; 
fired  the  enthusiasm  of  Col.  E.  D.  Pierce,  certain 
is  that  the  Nez  Perce  country  had  a  great  fascinatic 
for  him  and  that  his  assiduity  and  zeal  have  had 
marvelous   ultimate   effect   upon  the  history  and   de- 
velopment of  the  country. 

In  1858  Pierce  made  a  visit  to  the  land  of  the  Nez 
Perces,  but  does  not  seem  to  have  found  any  oppor- 
tunity for  prospecting,  owing  to  the  unsettled  condi- 
tion of  Indian  affairs  and  the  opposition  to  his  pro- 
jects of  the  conservative  red  men.  Undaunted,  how- 
ever, he  renewed  his  efforts  at  the  first  opportunity  and 
his  zeal  was  rewarded  in  the  spring  of  1860  by  a  dis- 
covery of  gold  on  the  Clearwater  river.  An  account 
of  this  important  find  gained  currency  in  Walla  Walla 
during  April  and  some  mention  is  made  of  it  in  the 
Oregon  Argus  of  the  3Oth  of  that  month,  but  the  state- 
ments of  Pierce  seem  to  have  been  doubted  by  many 
and  no  special  excitement  was  created.  Pierce's  im- 
mediate return  to  his  discovery  was  prevented  by  In- 
dian opposition  and  that  of  the  military  authorities,  for 
those  whose  duty  it  was  to  conserve  for  the  Indians 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


their  rights  under  the  treaty  of  1855  foresaw  the  trouble 
which  a  discovery  of  gold'  and  consequent  rush  would 
cause  them.  In  August,  however,  Pierce  and  ten 
others,  of  whom  William  Bassett  was  one,  made  an- 
other trip  into  the  Clearwater  country  and  examined 
the  region  with  considerable  thoroughness.  Returning 
in  November,  they  freely  communicated  the  result  of 
their  investigations.  Mr.  Bassett  sent  a  letter  to  the 
Portland  Times,  then  edited  by  Alonzo  Leland,  in 
which  he  gave  a  brief  account  of  the  trip  and  the  pros- 
pects found  by  members  of  the  party.  His  representa- 
tions then  and  in  interviews  at  a  later  date  had  the 
effect  of  thoroughly  converting  Mr.  Leland  to  a  belief 
in  the  great  importance  as  a  field  for  the  prospector 
of  the  entire  region  between  the  Snake  and  the  Bitter 
Roots.  Throughout  the  winter  of  1860-61,  the  news- 
paper man  kept  on  publishing  articles  in  his  paper,  the 
Daily  Times,  his  authority  being  Mr.  Bassett's  account. 
So  great  was  his  enthusiasm  that  he  did  not  escape 
the  charge  of  fanaticism  and  the  graver  one  of  being 
in  the  pay  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company, 
doing  this  writing  and  publishing  for  the  purpose  of 
building  up  their  business. 

Immediately  upon  his  return  to  Walla  Walla, 
Pierce  began  organizing  a  party  to  return  with  him  and 
spend  the  winter  in  the  Oro  Fino  basin.  Some  diffi- 
culty was  encountered  in  making  up  this  company, 
owing  to  the  fear  of  trouble  with  the  Indians  and  the 
efforts  of  those  who  dreaded  another  Indian  war,  but 
at  last  he  succeeded  in  enlisting  the  interests  of  thirty- 
three  stout-hearted  men.  An  effort  was  made  to  pre- 
vent by  military  force  this  party  from  carrying  out  its 
designs.  A  detachment  of  dragoons  was  sent  after  the 
men,  and  pursued  them  as  far  as  the  Snake  river,  but 
failed  to  overtake  them.  The  men  had  hardly  reached 
Pierce's  old  camp  before  they  received  a  visit  from 
the  Nez  Perce  Indian  agent,  A.  J.  Cain,  who,  however, 
did  not  attempt  to  interfere  with  their  operations  but 
on  the  contrary  expressed  his  satisfaction  with  their 
good  behavior. 

All  winter  long  the  party  wrought  diligently  build- 
ing cabins,  whipsawing  lumber  for  sluice  boxes,  pros- 
pecting and  the  like.  The  result  of  the  prospecting  was 
very  satisfactory,  though  Pierce  himself  does  not  seem 
to  have  been  unduly  sanguine,  being  fully  aware  of  the 
difficulties.  He  believed  the  discovered  gold  district 
was  on  the  outskirts  of  a  mining  country  of  great  rich- 
ness and  large  extent. 

The  first  intelligence  received  by  the  outside  world 
concerning  the  welfare  and  doings  of  these  men  came 
in  March,  1861,  when  four  of  the  miners  arrived  in 
Walla  Walla.  After  a  tramp  on  snow  shoes  to  the 
mouth  of  Oro  Fino  creek,  they  had  reached,  in  a  half 
starved  condition,  an  Indian  camp,  whence  they  pro- 
ceeded with  more  expedition  and  better  fortunes, 
bringing  to  Walla  Walla  a  considerable  sum  of  money 
in  gold  dust.  The  news  was  sent  by  special  express  to 
the  Portland  Daily  Times.  It  was  especially  pleasing 
to  the  editor  of  that  paper,  whose  sentiments  and  pre- 
dictions were  thereby  confirmed,  and  naturally  the  news 
was  given  due  prominence.  The  effect  among  the 
business  men,  merchants,  and  in  fact  all  classes  was 


magical.  Newspapers  sent  special  reporters  into  the 
country  and  the  result  was  an  inception  of  interest  in 
the  wild,  weird  terra  incognita  of  eastern  Washington. 
It  needed  now  but  some  confirmation  of  these  accounts 
to  stimulate  a  stampede  into  the  country,  of  a  magni- 
tude unprecedented  in  the  northwest. 

No  one  foresaw  the  coming  deluge  of  humanity 
into  the  Nez  Perce  country  with  greater  clearness  than 
the  officers  of  the  government,  civil  and  military,  whose 
duty  it  was  to  protect  the  rights  of  the  Indians. 
Though  the  Nez  Perces  had  offered  no  resistence  to 
Pierce  and  his  men,  they  strenuously  objected  to  fur- 
ther encroachments  upon  their  reservation  privileges. 
Nothing  was  more  certain  than  that  the  whites  would 
violate  without  scruple  these  rights  when  once  the 
passion  for  gold  had  fired  their  imaginations  and  when 
the  hope  of  securing  it  began  producing  its  pleasant  in- 
toxication. What  was  to  be  done  to  prevent  trouble? 

In  the  hope  of  finding  a  satisfactory  solution  of 
this  problem.  Superintendent  E.  R.  Geary  held  a  con- 
cultation  with  Colonel  Wright  arfd  the  result  of  their 
deliberations  was  that  the  former  repaired  forthwith 
to  the  Indian  country,  called  a  council  of  the  tribe,  and 
succeeded  in  negotiating  a  treaty  permitting  the  white 
men  to  enter  the  country  for  mining  purposes  on  the 
promise  of  military  protection  and  the  enforcement  of 
United  States  law's.  The  consent  of  the  Indians  was 
given  wholly  against  their  will,  but  they  saw  no  way 
by  which  they  could  defend  themselves  against  the  in- 
coming tide,  and  being  of  a  pacific  disposition,  thought 
it  better  to  surrender  gracefully  than  to  do  so  under 
compulsion.  They  had  abundant  proof  that  the  deluge 
of  whites  was  coming  for,  for  weeks  before  the  treaty 
could  be  negotiated,  merchants  had  been  taking  goods 
to  Pierce  City  from  Walla  Walla  and  the  van  of  the 
advancing  army  of  miners  was  already  arriving  from 
that  city  and  Portland.  Bancroft  says  that  at  the  time 
of  the  signing  of  the  treaty  there  were  three  hundred 
men  in  the  Oro  Fino  district  and  that  a  month  later 
there  were  one  thousand. 

Fortunately  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Com- 
pany was  enabled  to  do  something  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  the  incoming  hordes  daily  arriving  from 
various  points  in  the  northwest,  California  and  else- 
where during  the  spring  of  1861.  Previously  that 
company  had  sent  Ephraim  Baughman  (who  at  pres- 
ent commands  the  Steamer  Lewiston,  plying  between 
Lewiston  and  Riparia,  in  company  with  Captain  Leo- 
nard White,  to  Colville  on  the  upper  Columbia  with 
instructions  to  build  a  small  boat  there  and  explore  the 
river  down  to  The  Dalles.  Their  object  was  to  deter- 
mine whether  or  not  navigation  was  practicable.  They 
set  out  sometime  in  March,  made  the  exploration,  and 
were  back  in  Portland  in  the  early  part  of  May. 

Meanwhile  the  events  were  happening  in  the  Nez 
Perce  country  which  have  just  been  narrated.  The 
company  was  as  anxious  to  get  as  much  patronage  out 
of  the  rush  as  possible,  so  it  ordered  White,  as  cap- 
tain, and  Baughman,  as  mate  and  pilot,  to  take  the 
Steamer  Colonel  Wright  up  the  Columbia  to  Snake 
river,  thence  up  that  river  as  far  toward  the  newly  dis- 
covered mines  as  possible.  The  Colonel  Wright  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  vessel  of  some  fifty  tons  burden,  about  125  feet  in 
length,  fitted  up  with  good  machinery  and  well 
supplied  with  necessary  equipments.  Her  engineer 
on  this  first  trip  on  Snake  river  waters  was  John 
Gurty,  her  purser,  Frank  Coe,  and  besides  she  was 
manned  by  two  fireman,  a  steward  and  assistant,  an 
assistant  engineer,  a  cook  and  six  deck  hands.  Sev- 
eral business  men  came  as  passengers  and  one,  Seth 
S.  Slater,  was  so  confident  of  the  success  of  the  enter- 
prise that  he  brought  with  him  between  ten  and  fifteen 
tons  of  freight,  expecting  to  get  with  it  to  some  point 
within  easy  reach  of  the  mines. 

"We  cleared,"  says  Captain  Baughman,  "about  the 
10th  of  May.  With  all  of  us  it  was  a  voyage  of  dis- 
covery after  we  steamed  into  the  broad  mouth  of  the 
Snake  river  as  none  of  us  had  ever  before  ridden  upon 
its  swift,  turbid  waters.  As  pilot,  I  directed  that  we 
travel  very  slowly  and  only  during  the  day  time,  for 
rocky  reefs  and  shoals  were  numerous  and  the  waters 
were  not  deep.  Each  stream  which  we  thought  had 
not  theretofore  been  named,  we  took  it  upon  ourselves 
to  christen ;  likewise  every  other  natural  feature,  and 
even  to-day  many  of  the  landmarks  and  creeks  bear 
the  names  which  we  gave  them.  In  due  time,  we 
swept  around  the  big  bend  in  the  Snake  just  below 
where  Lewiston  now  stands  and  were  met  by  the  rush- 
ing waters  of  a  stream  clear  as  crystal  and  broad 
enough  to  be  classed  as  a  river.  Before  us  spread  out 
a  beautiful  bunchgrass  valley,  or  rather  a  series  of 
plateaus,  reaching  away  to  a  high  prairie  to  the  south- 
ward: This  Indian  paradise  was  occupied  here  and 
there  by  a  tepee.  Several  Nez  Perce  Indians  loitered 
about  and  a  few  bands  of  ponies  grazed  contentedly 
upon  the  luxuriant  grass.  The  picture  was  indeed  a 
pretty  one. 

"The  sound  of  the  steam  whistle  and  the  pounding 
of  the  engines  naturally  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
Indians,  who  flocked  to  the  water's  edge  to  gaze  on 
the  wonderful  fire  boat. 

"I  turned  the  vessel's  prow  into  the  water  of 
this  new  river.  Slowly  the  little  steamer  propelled 
itself  onward  in  the  direction  of  the  Oro  Fino  mines. 
We  had  to  line  the  vessel  over  the  Lawyer  and  several 
other  rapids  and  about  thirty  miles  up  the  Clearwater 
we  found  an  obstruction  which  we  could  not  pass.  This 
'  was  what  has  since  come  to  be  named  Big  Eddy. 
Throughout  our  entire  journey  on  the  Clearwater  thus 
"  far  we  were  accompanied  by  Indians  riding  along  the 
shore  on  horseback.  By  many  little  acts  and  signs  did 
these  children  of  nature  manifest  their  friendliness,  no 
one  of  their  number,  so  far  as  I  can  now  remember, 
giving  the  slightest  evidence  of  other  than  kindly 
sentiments. 

"At  the  Big  Eddy  we  were  forced  to  land  as  the 
little  steamer  could  not  make  headway  in  the  rapids. 
Twice  we  lined  her  and  moved  slowly  up  stream,  but 
the  vessel  did  not  have  power  enough  to  keep  herself 
in  the  channel,  so  finally  we  gave  it  up  for  the  time 
being,  came  on  shore  and  began  making  explorations. 
The  result  was  not  favorable.  There  was  therefore 
nothing  to  do  but  to  unload  the  freight.  Slater 
thought  the  site  a  good  one  as  it  was  the  apparent  head 


of  navigation  so  he  and  a  few  others  remained  there 
establishing  Slaterville.'' 

The  Colonel  Wright  went  back  to  Celilo  at  once. 
On  the  return  trip  she  stopped  at  the  mouth  of  Lapwai 
creek  and  most  of  her  crew  went  to  visit  Chief  Lawyer, 
whose  home  was  on  a  tract  of  bench  land  overlooking 
the  Clearwater.  "From  the  river,"  says  Captain 
Baughman,  "we  could  see  his  tepee  and  before  it  a  tall 
pole  from  whose  top  the  Stars  and  Stripes  floated  in 
the  breeze.  This  display  of  patriotism  by  the  brave 
and  friendly  old  chief  touched  a  responsive  chord  in 
our  hearts  and  we  never  forgot  it.  Lawyer,  who  had 
been  educated  in  the  east  and  could  talk  good  Eng- 
lish, received  us  most  cordially  and  we  chatted  with 
him  a  long  time.  His  hospitality  was  especially  praise- 
worthy when  it  is  remembered  that  we  were  invading 
his  territory  and  opening  the  way  for  thousands  to 
follow.  The  Indians  may  have  protested  mildly 
against  the  establishment  of  a  settlement  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Clearwater,  but  their  remonstrances  were  never 
very  strong,  and  finding  these  unavailing  they  ac- 
quiesced with  remarkable  grace." 

Having  loaded  again  with  a  few  passengers  and 
some  freight,  the  Colonel  Wrisht  made  a  second  trip 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Clearwatfcr.  Here  she  was  met 
by  a  messenger  from  Slater  requesting  her  to  proceed 
up  the  river  and  get  his  outfit  as  he  had  decided  to  es- 
tablish his  store  at  the  confluence  of  the  Snake  and 
Clearwater  that  he  might  be  on  the  trails  leading  in- 
land. The  vessel  steamed  up  to  the  eddy,  got  Slater 
and  his  goods,  and  brought  them  safely  to  the  shores 
of  the  Snake,  where  Slater  again  pitched  his  tent. 
Soon  he  had  opened  near  the  confluence  of  the  rivers 
the  first  store  in  what  is  now  Lewiston  and  perhaps 
the  first  in  the  Clearwater  country. 

Immediately  after  the  second  trip  of  the  Colonel 
Wright,  the  company  placed  another  new  steamer  in 
service,  the  Okanogan,  which  was  much  larger  and 
better  equipped  than  the  former.  Captain  White  was 
placed  in  command,  and  the  Colonel  Wright  was  en- 
trusted to  the  care  of  Captain  Baughman.  A  month 
later,  the  Tenino,  still  larger  than  the  Okanogan,  was 
placed  in  service  and  to  the  command  of  this  vessel 
Captain  Baughman  was  transferred.  Steamboat  ser- 
vice was  discontinued  entirely  in  July,  owing  to  the 
lowness  of  the  water. 

In  July  of  the  following  year,  Levi  Ankeny,  Dor- 
sey  S.  Baker,  Captain  Baughman  and  several  others 
placed  an  opposition  boat,  the  Spray,  upon  the  river, 
between  Celilo  and  Lewiston.  The  Spray  was  a  small 
vessel,  built  especially  for  shallow  water,  so  it  was 
able  to  continue  its  trips  uninterruptedly  until  No- 
vember. During  the  following  winter  it  was  sold  to 
the  O.  S.  N.  Company  for  nearly  double  its  cost. 

In  the  spring  of  1863  the  People's  Trasportation 
Company  was  organized  in  Portland  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  an  opposition  line  of  steamers  to  Lewis- 
ton.  The  E.  D.  Baker  was  placed  on  the  Columbia 
between  Portland  and  the  Cascades,  the  Iris  between 
that  and  the  Dalles  and  the  Cayuse  Chief,  under  Cap- 
tain Leonard  White,  between  Celilo  and  Lewiston. 
After  a  successful  career  of  six  or  seven  years'  dura- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


tion,  this  company  sold  out  to  the  O.  S.  N.  Company, 
leaving  that  corporation  again  the  autocrat  of  the 
Columbia  and  its  tributaries. 

But  to  return  to  the  history  of  the  mines — rapidly 
the  Oro  Fino  district  was  populated  with  gold  seekers. 
Discovered  in  the  fall  of  1860,  it  was  occupied  that 
autumn  and  winter  by  Pierce's  party.  In  February 
merchants  and  miners  from  Walla  Walla  began  to 
work  their  way  in,  so  that  by  April  the  population  was 
perhaps  300.  A  month  later  it  was  more  than  three 
times  that  many  and  when  Judge  James  W.  Poe  en- 
tered in  July  he  found  the  creeks  and  gulches  swarm- 
ing with  people.  He  estimates  their  number  at  2,000. 
Some  claims  were  yielding  fabulous  returns  and  wages 
ranged  from  five  to  eight  dollars  a  day,  the  common 
stipend  being  a  half  ounce  of  dust. 

Oro  Fino  gold  was  very  fine,  as  one  familiar  with 
the  Spanish  language  would  have  surmised  from  the 
name  of  the  diggings,  which  signifies  fine  gold.  Sub- 
sequently coarse  gold  was  discovered  by  William  F. 
Bassctt  across  the  divide  to  the  eastward  of  Oro  Fino 
creek,  and  from  the  character  of  the  metal  the  dig- 
gings were  named  Oro  Grande.  It  is  related  that 
Mr.  Bassett  saw  the  country  in  which  this  discovery 
was  made  from  the  top  of  a  tree  on  the  divide  be- 
tween Oro  Fino  and  Rhodes  creeks.  The  general  ap- 
pearance of  the  country  induced  him  to  prospect  it 
with  the  result  above  stated.  The  tree  was  ever  after- 
wards known  as  Bassett's  tree.  The  Oro  Grande  dis- 
trict never  proved  especially  rich. 

The  richest  claims  in  the  Oro  Fino  district  were 
on  Rhodes  and  Canal  gulches,  though  there  were  many 
claims  of  merit  on  Barclay,  Blacksmith,  French  and 
Moore's  gulches  as  well  as  on  Oro  Fino  creek  itself. 
Early  in  the  history  of  the  camp  a  miners'  meeting  had 
been  held  and  the  California  mining  laws  adopted,  by 
which  code  three  kinds  of  claims  were  recognized, 
namely,  creek  and  gulch  claims,  extending  two  hundred 
feet  along  the  creek  or  gulch  and  of  the  width  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  feet ;  also  hill  claims  which  were  last 
extended  from  the  rim  rock  to  the  summit  of  the  hills, 
with  two  hundred  feet  frontage.  The  miners  were  in 
the  habit  of  holding  a  meeting  on  Sunday,  whenever 
there  was  any  occasion  for  such,  and  at  these  popular 
assemblages  the  laws  were  amended  to  suit  new  con- 
ditions as  they  might  arise,  disputes  about  claims  were 
settled  and  plans  for  the  promotion  of  the  general  wel- 
fare of  the  camp  were  weighed  and  discussed.  For- 
tunately there  was  little  lawlessness  during  the  earliest 
days  of  the  Oro  Fino  diggings. 

Two  towns  sprang  up  in  the  district  about  the 
same  time,  namely,  Oro  Fino  and  Pierce  City.  The 
former  was  built  on  placer  ground,  a  fact  which  fur- 
nishes the  probable  reason  for  its  short  life.  At  any 
rate,  its  business  men  moved  to  its  sister  town  in 
course  of  a  few  years,  making  permanent  the  com- 
munity bearing  the  name  of  him  who  pioneered  the 
way  for  the  mining  population,  while  the  old  Oro  Fino 
City  gradually  decayed  and  eventually  became  a 
memory.  It  is  a  rather  strange  fact  that,  though  the 
two  towns  were  very  near  together,  there  never  was  the 
bitter  rivalry  between  them  which  has  usually  char- 


acterizecl communities  so  situated.  Pierce  City  later 
became  the  county  seat  of  Shoshone  county,  retaining 
the  dignity  and  prestige  incident  thereto  until  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines.  In  June  a  road 
was  built  along  the  Clearwater  from  the  mouth  of  that 
river  to  Pierce  City  and  by  July  so  many  merchants 
had  endeavored  to  better  their  fortunes  by  furnishing 
the  new  district  with  goods  that  the  market  was  over- 
supplied,  notwithstanding  the  thousands  of  men  who 
were  seeking  gold  in  all  the  neighboring  gulches  and 
on  all  the  surrounding  hills.  Two  saw-mills  were  in 
process  of  erection  to  supply  the  miners  with  lumber 
for  sluice  boxes,  etc.  But  "little  household  furniture 
was  needed  as  there  were  only  three  families  in  the 

In  an  article  in  the  Portland  Oregonian  of  August 
31,  1 86 1,  G.  C.  Robbins  made  the  statement  that  dur- 
ing that  month  twenty-five  hundred  practical  miners 
were  at  work  on  Rhodes  creek,  Oro  Fino  creek,  Canal 
gulch,  and  French  creek  and  that  four  or  five  thousand 
men  were  making  a  living  in  other  ways.  His  report 
on  the  earnings  of  the  miners  was  as  follows :  Jarvis 

James  &  Company,  5  men,  $10 ;  McCarty  &  Company, 
4  men,  $10 ;  Vesay  &  Company,  8  men,  $7  to  $8 ;  Hook 
&  Company,  6  men,  $10.  to  $12;  Jones  &  Company,  4 
men,  $10  to  $12:  Dunbar  &  Asar,  $10  to  $12;  Shaffer 
&  Company,  14  men,  $60 ;  Paine  &  Company,  20  men, 
$70 ;  Mortimer  &  Company,  24  men,  $70  to  $80 ;  Hatch 
&  Company,  5  men,  $16  to  $20;  Thomas  &  Campany, 
14  men,  $18  to  $20;  Rillery  &  Company,  17  men,  $16 
to  $20;  Smalley  &  Company,  10  men,  $16;  Boone  & 

$16:  Newland  &  Company,  6  men,  $16;  Hickox  & 
Company,  5  men,  $16  to  $20;  Let  'Er  Rip  Company, 

Felton  &  Company,  $16;  Sparks  &  Company,  $15; 
Rossi  &  Company,  $15;  Rhodes  &  Company,  II  men, 
300  ounces  per  diem  to  the  company.  On  French 
creek,  Antoine  Pillir,  T.  Lapoint,  M.  Guinon,  John 
Lesot,  and  Harkum  &  Quick  were  making  $10  to  $12 
a  day  to  the  man. 

It  is  not  in  the  nature  of  mining  men  that  they 
should  confine  themselves  to  one  mining  district,  how- 
ever rich.  Pierce  himself  was  of  the  opinion  that  his 
discovery  was  on  the  outer  edge  of  an  extensive  gold- 
bearing  country  and  there  were  plenty  of  others  who 
held  like  views' and  were  willing  to  give  time  and  effort 
to  the  testing  of  their  theory.  In  May,  1861,  a  com- 
pany of  fifty-two  such  men  set  out  from  Oro  Fino 
to  explore  and  prospect  the  south  fork  of  the  Clear- 
water  and  tributary  streams.  The  locality  was  almost 
as  little  known  as  any  on  the  American"  continent  or 
in  the  heart  of  darkest  Africa.  Remote  from  the  or- 
dinary routes  of  travel,  it  was  also  distant  from  the 
trails  of  the  fur  hunter  so  that  probably  no  white  foot 
had  ever  before  pressed  its  soil.  The  gold  seekers  fol- 
lowed the  north  side  of  their  stream  for  several  miles, 
then  crossed  over  to  the  south  side,  proceeding  thence 
to  the  mouth  of  the  south  fork,  up  which  branch  they 
traveled  until  they  reached  the  Indian  village  of  Chief 
Coolcoolsneenee.  Here  their  progress  was  stayed  for  a 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


time  by  the  strenuous  opposition  of  the  chieftain,  who 
emphatically  informed  them  that  they  were  violating 
the  treaty  in  carrying  on  their  operations  south  of  the 
Clearwater.  Persuasion  and  argument  proving  of  no 
avail  in  pacifying  the  chief,  more  than  half  the  party 
turned  back.  The  remainder  crossed  to  the  north  side 
of  the  stream  and  continued  on  east  by  one  of  the  Nez 
Perce  trails  to  the  point  where  the  three  branches  of 
the  south  fork,  American  and  Red  rivers  and  Elk 
creek,  form  a  junction.  Prospecting  in  this  vicinity  re- 
sulted in  the  discovery  of  earths  yielding  from  twelve 
to  twenty-five  cents  to  the  pan.  The  first  gold  is  said 
to  have  been  found  at  the  bottom  of  Ternan  hill  at  the 
month  of  Glass  gulch,  close  to  the  present  bridge  over 
the  American  river  on  the  road  to  Dixie. 

Prominent  members  of  this  party  of  discovery 
were  Captain  L.  B.  Monson,  Moses  Milner,  Charles  B. 
Hand  and  Charles  Painter.  The  return  of  a  th'ird  of 
the  men  to  Oro  Fino  for  supplies  caused  the  news  of 
the  find  to  become  spread  abroad,  precipitating  a  rush. 
We  are  informed  that  three  days  after  the  first  dis- 
covery Philip  S.  Pritchard,  with'Samuel  Warfield  and 
his  son,  William,  Charles  Bogart,  Horace  Myrtle,  Will- 
iam Kay,  John  Gamboel  and  Felix  G.  Berger,  reaching 
the  spot,  staked  out  two  claims  above  Buffalo  gulch 
and  eight  below  it  on  the  American  river.  They  be- 
gan working  together  forthwith. 

A  mining  recorder's  office  was  established  at  once, 
with  Captain  L.  B.  Monson  as  the  first  recorder.  The 
first  record  was  dated  June  14,  1861,  and  described 
placer  ground  on  the  American  river  to  be  worked  by 
the  following  men:  Moses  Wright,  Charles  Silver- 
man,  Charles  Gwin,  John  Gordon,  George  Robertson, 
Mat.  Craft,  N.  Harris,  John  McKray,  G.  N.  Stubbs 
and  Frank  Presley. 

Shortly  after  the  discovery  two  brothers,  James  and 
William  Galbraith,  started  an  express.  Inside  of  ten 
days  more  than  three  hundred  people  were  en  route  to 
or  already  at  the  South  Fork  diggings,  but  the  popu- 
lation of  the  new  eldorado  was  kept  down  considerably 
by  the  righteous  opposition  of  the  Indians  to  the 
presence  of  white  men  in  their  reserved  territory. 
Good  reports,  however,  continued  to  come  in  and  the 
passion  for  gold  soon  overcame  any  scruples  about 
trespassing,  so  that  by  fall  a  town  became  a  necessity. 
Elk  City  was  accordingly  laid  out,  its  location  being 
between  Elk  and  American  rivers,  about  a  mile  from 
the  lower  end  of  a  small  prairie,  perhaps  five  or  six 
miles  long  by  a  mile  wide. 

"On  every  side  of  this  locality,"  says  Bancroft, 
rose  ledges  of  pale  red  or  rose  quartz.  Between  the 
mountains  were  intervals  of  beautiful,  grassy  prairies ; 
on  the  mountains  heavy  forests  of  pine.  Game 
abounded,  the  principal  being  elk,  of  which  there  were 
large  bands.  The  country  was,  in  fact,  very  different 
from  the  California  miners'  preconceived  notion  of  a 
gold  country;  but  experience  had  proved  that  gold 
might  exist  under  barren  sands,  rich  alluvium,  or  the 
the  frozen  mosses  of  a  caribou.  The  objection  to  the 
country  was  that  the  mining  season,  so  far  up  in  the 
mountains,  must  be  comparatively  short,  and  in  order 
to  make  up  for  the  expense  of  a  long  idle  winter,  it 


was  important  to  secure  a  considerable  sum  during  the 
summer.  It  was  also  necessary  to  lay  in  a  stock  of 
provisions  to  last  while  the  heavy  snows  suspended 
travel." 

Joe!  D.  Martin  tells  us  that  when  he  came  to  the 
town  in  the  early  summer  of  1862,  he  found  mercan- 


ing to  Clindinning,  Magruder 
&    Company,    Creighton    & 


&  Wickersham,  Straven  &  Company,  Creight 
Company,  a  man  named  Claflin  and  others,  besides 
five  saloons  and  two  principal  hotels,  Ralph's  and  the 
Marsten  house.  The  camp's  prosperity  was  at  its 
height  during  the  mining  season  of  1862,  for  that  fall 
discoveries  in  what  is  now  Montana  made  wholesale 
drafts  upon  the  population  of  this  and  other  mining 
communities  in  north  Idaho.  But  the  years  1864  and 
1865  nevertheless  witnessed  a  greater  production  of 
gold,  as  hydraulics  were  placed  in  operation  during  the 
former  twelvemonth,  displacing  the  primeval  rocker. 

The  Elk  City  mining  district  was  distinguished 
above  all  others  by  the  extent  of  its  ditch  contraction. 
The  largest  of  these  acqueducts  was  the  American 
river  ditch,  which  took  its  waters  out  of  the  stream  of  • 
that  name  at  a  point  about  nine  miles  above  the  camp. 
Mr.  Martin  tells  us  that  it  was  dug  with  pick  and 
shovel  at  a  cost  of  between  thirty  thousand  and  forty 
thousand  dollars  and  that  between  two  hundred  thou- 
sand and  three  hundred  thousand  feet  of  lumber  were 
used  in  the  construction  of  its  flumes.  For  the  pro- 
duction of  this  lumber  a  saw-mill  was  built,  operated 
by  a  turbine  water  wheel.  The  originators  of  the 
scheme  were  E.  W.,  W.  P.  and  Doctor  Bell  and  Ross- 
well  Hewett.  Its  construction  was  commenced  in  1863 
and  during  the  mining  season  following  it  was  pouring 
its  water  upon  the  placer  grounds  of  American  hill. 

Next  in  size  was  the  Elk  creek  ditch,  the  waters  of 
which  were  used  in  the  Buffalo  hill  mines,  valuable 
placer  deposits  taken  up  in  1861-2  by  Jake  Hoffman,  S. 
S.  Shaun,  Joseph  Nelson,  Chatham  W.  Ewing,  John 
and  Abe  Champion,  Horatio  Phinney,  --  Mon- 
tague and  others,  and  first  worked  by  a  ditch  from  Buf- 
falo creek,  three  miles  from  the  hill.  The  Elk  creek 
ditch  was  ten  and  a  half  miles  long,  three  feet  wide  on 
the  bottom  and  thirty  inches  deep.  The  company  or- 
ganized for  its  construction  was  capitalized  at  eleven 
thousand  dollars,  but  it  soon  became  so  embarrassed  by 
lack  of  funds  that  its  project  was  all  but  abandoned. 
At  this  juncture  Caleb  Witt  came  to  the  rescue,  fur- 
nishing enough  money  to  start  the  ball  rolling  again 
and  to  establish  confidence  and  credit.  The  company 
was  by  this  means  enabled  to  push  the  ditch  to  com- 
pletion, and  by  the  spring  of  1863  it  was  available  for 
use.  For  many  years  Buffalo  hill  was  very  profitably 
worked  and  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  dust  have 
been  taken  out  of  it.  In  1872  the  Witts  secured  con- 
trol of  both  ditches  and  claims,  retaining  them  until 
1880,  when  they  were  transferred  by  lease  to  China- 
men. 

Besides  these  was  the  Little  Elk  creek  ditch  with 
a  capacity  of  three  hundred  or  four  hundred  inches, 
promoted  by  Dan  Waldo  and  Bart  Whittier  ;  also  a 
short  ditch  of  three  hundred  inches  capacity,  the  water 
of  which  was  taken  out  of  Kirk's  fork  of  the  American 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


river  and  carried  upon  Nez  Perce  hill,  there  to  be 
used  in  operating  the  Hairland  mine.  This  property 
had  been  discovered  by  the  man  whose  name  it  bore 
in  1861  and  purchased'  in  1862  by  Magruder,  Martin 
and  Kirkpatrick,  by  which  triumvirate  the  ditch  was 
constructed. 

The  same  causes  that  impelled  the  discoverers  of 
the  Elk  City  placer  deposits  to  their  successful  quest 
were  operative  to  keep  other  parties  scouring  the  coun- 
try in  all  directions  throughout  the  whole  of  the  sum- 
mer of  1 86 1.  The  theory  that  the  Clearwater  mines 
were  on  the  outskirts  of  some  auriferous  region,  the 
center  of  which  would  be  found  wonderfully  rich, 
seems  to  have  taken  firm  hold  on  the  minds  of  the 
prospectors  and  many  were  the  attemps  to  verify  it. 
One  of  the  parties  engaged  in  this  task  succeeded  in 
discovering  a  gold  deposit  which  far  surpassed  in 
richness  all  former  finds,  and  caused  a  rush  the  fol- 
lowing spring  of  unprecedented  magnitude.  One 
story  of  this  discovery  was  told  in  the  Oregonian,  of 
October  26,  1861,  by  a  correspondent  who  signed  him- 
self "T.  H.  M."  though  the  account  is  discredited 
in  some  of  its  deatils  by  men  having  good  opportunity 
to  know  the  truth,  it  is  thought  advisable  to  repro- 
duce it  here: 

MILLERSBURG,  W.  T.,  Oct.  5,  1861. 
Editor  Oregonian:— 

The  Salmon  River  mines,  which  are  now  attracting  the 
the  attention  of  miners,  traders,  and  business  men  generally 

and  gulches,  coming  out  of  a  western  spur  of  the  Bitter  Root 
mountains,  and  running  into  the  main  stream,  distant  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  miles.  They  are  about  seventy-five  miles 

and  twenty-five  miles  south  from  Oro  Fino,  and  nearly 
seventy-five  miles  from  Elk  City. 

pecting  party  of  twenty-three  men,  who  left  Oro  Fino  in  the 
early  pyrt  of  July  last,  for  a  tour  up  Salmon  river.  They 
prospected  on  the  bars  of  this  river  for  a  distance  of  perhaps 
one  hundred  miles,  with  flattering  results.  When  satisfied 
that  good  paying  mines  had  been  found,  they  followed  the 
river  down,  and  when  opposite  this,  they  were  determined 

taining  provisions,  which  by  this  time  had  become  a  scarce 
article  with  them.  When  they  reached  this  place,  the  party 

find  an  easy  route  through  the  almost  impassible  masses  of 
dead  timber,  which  lay  in  the  way.  Two  of  the  company, 
while  lying  in  camp,  made  a  wager  between  them  that  the 
'color'  could  not  be  'raised'  in  the  miserable  looking  country. 
The  wager  was  won  by  the  prospector  obtaining  from  a  pan 
of  dirt,  taken  from  beneath  the  roots  of  an  upturned  tree,  the 
sum  of  five  cents.  The  party  then  prospected  several  creeks 
and  gluches  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  obtaining  five,  ten, 
twenty-five  and  even  seventy-five  cents  to  the  pan  of  dirt. 
Satisfied  even  better  with  this  than  with  the  diggings  on  the 
main  river,  they  followed  the  other  party  out.  After  re- 
cruiting a  short  time,  they  purchased  a  supply  of  tools,  pro- 
visions, etc .  necessary  for  four  weeks'  stay,  and  returned 
closely  followed  by  some  six  or  seven  others  to  this  land 
of  golden  promise.  , 

After   their   return,   prospecting    was    resumed    in    real 

California.  !"ll  cTahn  tot  th'e'center'of  the 'vast  gold  neW 
has  at  last  been  found,  and  this  it  is,  while  the  Oro  Fino  and 
South  Fork  diggings  are  on  the  outer  edge. 

Only  a  radius   of  about   four  miles   has  yet  been 
pected,  yet  all  the  gulches,  ravines  and  cree! 


Vthis" 


will  pay  well  for  working.  Miller's  creek  is  perhaps  the 
richest.  From  the  first  pan  of  dirt  taken  out  of  the  first 
hole  sunk  in  this  creek,  twenty-five  dollars  was  obtained. 
Miller  washed  out  with  the  pan  that  afternoon  $100.  Claims 
were  immediately  staked  off  on  this  creek  and  the  party  went 
to  work.  Each  claim  has  since  averaged  with  the  rocker 
from  seventy-five  dollars  to  one  hundred  dollars  to  the  hand. 

dollars  washed  out  in  ten  hours  by  one  man  using  the  pan 
alone.  Nasan's  gulch  pays  well.  Five  men  have  just  cleaned 
up  seven  hundred  dollars,  the  result  of  ten  hours  work  with 
the  rocker  in  this  gulch.  Hall's  gulch,  Smith's  gulch,  Pio- 
neer gulch  and  Healey's  creek  will  pay  each  at  least  three 
ounces  to  the  hand. 

There  are  at  the  present  time  about  fifty  men  here.    Pro- 
not  to  be  had  at  any  price.    Parties  are  how  fitting 


up  p 


ieeded. 


It  will  require  about  three  hundred  weight  of  flour  for  each 
man  this  winter.     The  route  here  is  good  over  fifty  miles  of 

ing  made.     Pack  trains  can  get  in  here  until  the  aoth  of  No- 
vember 


We 


:xpect 


to  ( 


;    frc 


To  find  the  truth  concerning  this  famous  discovery 
and  be  sure  one  has  it  is  not  an  easy  task.  The  differ- 
ent stories  are  so  hopelessly  at  variance  that  they  can 
never  be  harmonized,  but  one  apparently  worthy  of 
credence  was  published  in  the  Free  Press  of  July  5, 
1889,  on  the  authority  of  Nathan  Smith,  who  claimed 
to  have  led  the  party  which  made  the  discovery. 

"Mr.  Smith  and  a  partner  named  Jack  Reynolds," 
says  the  paper  referred  to,  "Left  Oro  Fino  on  a  pros- 
pecting trip  towards  the  little  north  fork  of  the  Clear- 
water  and  found  prospects,  but  as  the  water  was  too 
high  for  them  to  continue  farther  they  returned  to 
Pierce  City  for  supplies,  intending  to  return  to  their 
prospects  later.  Arriving  at  Pierce  City  they  found 
a  company  organizing  for  an  extended  exploring  and 
prospecting  trip  toward  the  Salmon  river  country,  and 
as  they  were  afraid  of  the  Indians  who  had  driven 
back  several  small  parties,  they  were  waiting  for  re- 
inforcements, and  Mr.  Smith  was  considered  such  an 
admirable  recruit  that  he  was  elected  to  command  the 
expedition.  They  pulled  out  of  Pierce  City,  twenty- 
three  in  number,  crossed  the  Clearwater  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Lolo  and  went  on  across  Camas  prairie  to  the  Sal- 
mon. They  continued  up  the  Salmon  to  the  mouth  of 
Slate  cieek,  where  Mr.  Smith  found  a  good  prospect 
of  shot  gold,  but  as  it  was  intolerably  hot  in  the  can- 
yon he  decided  on  taking  the  party  into  the  mountains 
and  prospecting  for  gold  on  the  headwaters  of  Slate 
creek.  Here  dissensions  arose,  as  the  majority  of  the 
company  wanted  to  keep  to  the  river  and  prospect  for 
bar  claims.  The  outfit  hung  together,  however,  and 
continued  up  the  Salmon  to  the  mouth  of  Meadow 
creek,  and  there  they  climbed  the  ridge  to  the  summit, 
pretty  much  as  the  Warren  trail  runs  today,  and  made 
their  first  camp  on  Sand  creek,  then  a  marsh.  The 
next  morning  the  majoritv  of  the  party  under  the  lead 
of  a  Frenchman  had  decided  to  return  to  the  river,  de- 
claring there  was  no  gold  in  the  basin.  This  was 
August  20th  and  they  were  going  to  break  camp  and 
take  the  back  track  at  noon.  Smith  and  a  few  others 
decided  to  remain  and  prospect  further.  That  same 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


morning  Toe  Richardson  got  a  four-bit  prospect  on 
Pioneer  gulch  and  Smith  also  panned  out  six  bits  in 
another  gulch.  Upon  returning  to  camp  at  noon  the 
other  party  were  speedily  convinced  that  there  was 
gold  in  the  basin,  and  that  same  afternoon,  George 
Grigsby.  the  biggest  kicker  in  the  outfit,  saw  some 
fine  looking  gravel  at  the  roots  of  a  fallen  tree  in 
Bashaw  gulch  from  which  he  washed  four  bits  to  the 
pan,  and  on  the  strength  thereof  has  claimed  for  him- 
self the  title  of  the  discoverer  of  Florence,  which 
rightfully  belongs  to  Mr.  Smith.  Enough  was  now 
known  to  convince  them  that  they  had  struck  it  big 
and  after  staking  claims  enough  to  go  around  they 
started  for  Elk  City  for  supplies." 

Joshua  Fockler,  who  was  one  of  the  earliest  set- 
tlers in  Florence,  discredits  both  these  accounts.  He 
says  he  remembers  distinctly  the  story  told  him  by 
several  reliable  men  shortly  after  the  find  and  that  it 
was  to  this  effect :  Florence  was  discovered  in  August, 
1 86 1,  by  a  party  of  five  persons,  three  of  whom  were 
John  Healey,  James  Avers  and  a  man  named  Grigsby. 
They  were  a  detachment  of  a  party  of  nineteen  which 
started  from  Elk  City  and  the  Cle'arwater  to  prospect 
the  Salmon  river  country,  traveling  via  Camas  prairie 
and  White  Bird  creek. '  When  they  reached  a  point 
six  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Little  Salmon  river 
where  August  Berg  now  lives  they  undertook  to  cut 
across  and  reach  Elk  City  again.  They  found  the 
country  too  rough,  so  returned  to  the  Salmon,  which 
they  ascended  to  Kelley's  creek,  going  thence  up  that 
stream.  On  Little  Slate  creek  the  party  disagreed 
and  divided.  The  five  referred  to  above  continued  to 
prospect  the  region.  When  they  reached  what  after- 
ward became  known  as  Pioneer  gulch,  John  Healey 
saw  a  tree  that  had  been  uprooted  by  the  wind.  He 
noticed  that  the  gravel  exposed  showed  good  indica- 
tions, so  he  tried  a  panful  and  found  it  very  rich. 
After  testing  the  ground  in  numerous  places,  the  party 
started  back  to  Elk  Citv.  At  what  is  now  known  as 
Buffalo  Hump  they  fell  in  with  the  fourteen  who  had 
separated  from  them  and  told  these  of  their  good  for- 
tune. All  went  to  Elk  together,  agreeing  among  them- 
selves to  tell  nobody  of  the  discovery  until  spring, 
when  they  would  return  and  locate  the  best  ground 
for  themselves.  But  none  of  them  lived  up  to  this 
agreement  and  soon  all  started  back  with  their  friends. 
In  September  of  the  same  year  Nathan  Smith,  Miller, 
Graham  and  others  from  Oro  Fino  made  a  discovery 
on  Miller's  creek,  in  the  Florence  country,  but  they 
were  a  month  later  than  the  Pioneer  gulch  dis- 
coverers. 

The  news  is  said  to  have  reached  Oro  Fino  in 
September.  Soon  that  town  and  Elk  City  were  almost 
deserted.  By  the  ist  of  November,  the  creeks  and 
gulches  of  the  new  district  were  swarming  with  men. 
The  merchants,  in  accordance  with  the  usual  custom, 
had  begun  hurrying  in  supplies,  but  the  impossibility 
of  getting  enough  into  camp  to  feed  the  multitudes 
before  the  snowfall  had  stopped  the  passage  of  trains 
was  plainly  apparent,  and  by  the  middle  of  November 
many  perceived  the  necessity  of  returning  to  Oro  Fino 
to  winter.  The  snow  was  even  then  two  feet  deep 


and  the  cold  so  severe  that  travelers  were  frequently 
frostbitten  seriously. 

Soon  after  the  inception  of  the  camp  a  miners' 
meeting  was  held  at  which  it  was  decided  to  lay  out  a 
town  on  Summit  flat  at  the  head  of  Babboon  gulch. 
Among  those  present  was  Dr.  Ferber,  one  of  the  oldest 
men  and  first  arrivals  in  the  camp,  and  he  was  called 
upon  to  suggest  a  name  for  the  town  to  be.  He  sug- 
gested Florence,  the  name  of  his  adopted  daughter, 
then  in  California.  The  word  seemed  to  have  a  pleas- 
ing sound  to  the  ears  of  the  miners.  It  was  adopted 
forthwith  and  from  the  richness  of  the  ground  around 
it  soon  became  a  household  word  in  Washington, 
Oregon,  California  and  many  parts  of  the  east.  John 
Creighton,  Ralph  Bledsoe,  and  S.  S.  or  Three-Fingered 

The  number  coming  into  camp  was  far  in  excess 
of  those  departing,  far  in  excess  of  the  number  that 
could  be  well  fed,  and  the  result  was  great  suffering 
and  hardship.  The  prices  prevailing  for  all  kinds  of 
provisions  were  enormous.  Mr.  Pierce  says  the  prices 
of  commodities  were  $75  for  a  fifty-pound  sack  of 
flour;  gum  boots,  $50;  camp  kettles,  $30;  bacon,  $3 
a  pound ;  ordinary  tin  cups,  $3  each ;  frying  pans,  $10 
to"$i2 ;  sugar,  $3  a  pound ;  beans,  $3  a  pound,  and  all 
other  provisions  and  supplies  in  proportion.  Vegetables 
were  not  to  be  obtained  at  any  price.  Many  were  with- 
out other  means  of  support  than  the  gold  obtained 
from  their  mines,  so  that  notwithstanding  ten  feet  of 
snow,  they  must  dig  down  to  pay  dirt  and  wash  out 
enough  of  the  precious  metal  to  purchase  at  enormous 
prices  the  means  of  subsistance.  Sometimes  boiling 
water  was  used  to  soften  the  frozen  earth,  as  has  been 
done  in  Alaska  during  recent  years.  The  exposure 
and  hardship  resulted  in  rheumatism,  throat,  bronchial 
and  lung  diseases,  which  caused  a  high  mortality 
There  was  a  large  representation  of  the  ruffian  ele- 
ment in  Florence  during  the  winter.  Plummer,  Stand- 
ifer,  Mat  Bledsoe,  Cherokee  Bob  and  others  of  like 
character  were  there,  demeaning  themselves  accord- 
ing to  the  dictations  of  their  own  unrestrained  wills. 
The  sufferings  were  enough  to  drive  even  good  men 
to  acts  of  desperation  and  it  was  stated  that  the  store- 
houses of  the  merchants  were  more  than  once  in  danger 
of  mob  violence. 

By  great  effort  men  forced  their  way  into  Florence 
untifFebruary ;  then  the  trails  became 'so  badly  oblit- 
erated or  blocked  with  snow  that  the  feat  of  reach- 
ing the  mines  was  no  longer  possible  and  the  Florence 
community  was  completely  isolated  from  the  rest  of 
the  world.  But  long  before  this  the  entrance  of  pack 
trains  was  all  but  an  impossibility.  It  is  related  that 
G.  A.  Noble  started  late  in  December  on  a  trip  from 
Oro  Fino  to  Florence  with  a  small  pack  train.  For 
ten  davs  he  toiled  through  snow  drifts  before  reaching 
his  destination,  being  indebted  for  his  life  to  assistance 
rendered  by  the  Indians. 

Even  before  communication  was  completely  barred, 
the  only  article  of  food  that  could  be  purchased  was 
flour  at  $2  a  pound,  and  as  time  proved  there  was  no 
hope  of  a  change  in  conditions  until  May.  By  the 
first  of  that  month,  however,  pack  trains  managed  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


force  their  way  to  within  ten  miles  or  so  of  Florence, 
and  the  starving  miners  were  glad  to  transport  the 
goods  the  rest  of  the  way  on  snow  shoes  for  the  price 
offered,  forty  cents  a  pound. 

But  no  tales  of  hardship  could  deter  the  hosts  of 
eager  wealth  seekers  in  all  parts  of  the  Northwest 
and  in  California  and  Nevada  from  nocking  by  the 
thousands  to  this  new  land  of  gold.  Little  they  thought 
of  the  harships  endured  already  by  men  in  the  Flor- 
ence basin,  or  of  those  which  they  themselves  might 
be  called  upon  to  endure  in  the  pursuit  of  mammon. 
Their  imaginations  were  fired  by  the  stories  of  for- 
tunes made  in  a  day.  And  indeed  the  success  achieved 
by  miners  was  such  as  might  well  appeal  to  the  avarice 
of  men.  A  correspondent  of  the  Portland  Times 
stated  through  the  columns  of  that  paper  that  while  he 
was  at  the  Salmon  river  mines  in  October,  1861,  he 
had  known  of  his  own  knowledge  that  some  claims 
yielded  thirty  to  eighty  dollars  to  the  pan.  It  was 
stated  that  a  man  named  Weiser,  after  whom  the  town 
of  Weiser  in  Washington  county  was  named,  took  out 
one  thousand  eighteen  hundred  dollars  from  his  claim 
in  three  hours,  with  a  rocker,  two  men  operating  it ;  also 
that  a  single  panful  of  dirt  from  Babboon  gulch  was 
found  to  contain  one  hundred  and  fifty-one  dollars  and 
fifty  cents.  George  W.  Pierce  told  the  writer  that  Three- 
Fingered  Smith,  who  owned  about  the  richest  claim  in 
the  camp,  kept  three  rockers  at  work  all  winter  and 
that  each  of  the  rockers  averaged  a  thousand  dollars 
a  day.  "It  was  no  uncommon  thing,"  says  Bancroft, 
"to  see,  on  entering  a  miner's  cabin,  a  gold  washing 
pan  measuring  eight  quarts,  full  to  the  brim  or  half 
filled  with  gold  dust  washed  out  in  one  or  two  weeks. 
All  manner  of  vessels,  such  as  oyster  cans  and  yeast 
powder  boxes  or  pickle  bottles,  were  in  demand  in 
which  to  store  the  precious  dust.  A  claim  was  held  in 
small  esteem  that  yielded  only  twelve  dollars  per  day, 
as  some  claims  did,  while  hundreds  of  others  yielded 
from  one  to  four  ounces  for  a  day's  labor."  Many 
of  the  stories  which  gained  currency  at  the  time  seemed 
like  veritable  fairy  tales,  but  men  who  were  in  Flor- 
ence during  the  fall  and  winter  seem  to  have  no  hesi- 
tancy in  fully  crediting  them.  The  gold  deposits  were 
so  very  rich  that  the  would-be  boomer,  if  any  such 
there  was,  was  outdone  by  the  simple  truth  itself. 

With  such  stories  on  the  lips  of  miners  returned 
to  spend  the  winter  in  Walla  Walla  or  Portland  and 
such  accounts  in  the  columns  of  the  newspaper,  what 
wonder  that  the  fortune  hunting  public  could  not 
brook  a  wait  until  spring,  before  starting  to  the  land 
of  gold !  In  vain  did  the  newspapers  endeavor  to  per- 
suade the  people  into  a  reasonable  state  of  mind;  in 
vain  did  they  protest  that  roads  in  the  upper  country 
were  impassable;  in  vain  did  the  Portland  Advertiser 
call  attention  to  the  fact  that  snow  at  The  Dalles  was 
still  (on  March  I4th)  two  feet  deep  and  from  one  to 
four  between  that  and  Lewiston,  with  proportionately 
greater  depths  in  the  mountains ;  that  provisions  along 
the  whole  distance  were  exhausted ;  that  riding  or  pack 
animals  fit  for  service  could  not  be  obtained  as  all 
such  were  either  dead  or  so  reduced  in  strength  and 
flesh  by  the  severe  winter  as  to  be  useless ;  and  that  a 


supply  of  fuel  could  not  be  obtained  along  the  road 
except  at  long  intervals.  Men  crowded  into 'the  in- 
terior as  far  as  they  could  get  notwithstanding  these 
warnings,  and  it  is  said  that  so  many  men  unable  to 
pay  the  high  prices  of  living  crowded  into  The  Dalles 
that  that  town  was  at  one  time  temporarily  subjected 
to  the  rule  of  a  mob,  the  members  of  which  proceeded 
to  help  themselves  to  such  things  as  they  needed.  In- 
deed the  severity  of  the  winter  in  one  way  augmented 
the  rush,  as  it  made  many  Oregon  farmers  who  had 
suffered  severe  losses  by  the  floods  of  December  es- 
pecially anxious  to  retrieve  their  fortunes.  Merchants 
were  in  haste  to  be  first  in  with  their  goods.  Miners, 
who  had  left  their  claims  in  the  fall,  were  anxious  to 
return  to  them,  lest  they  should  be  taken  possession  of 
by  others. 

Regular  communication  between  The  Dalles  and 
Walla  Walla  had  ceased  in  Tanuary  after  a  disastrous 
trip  of  the  stage,  in  which  Johnson  Mulkey,  father-in- 
law  of  Senator  Dolph,  and  a  prominent  Lewiston  mer- 
chant named  Taggers  had  lost  their  lives.  But  about 
the  middle  of'  March  a  saddle  train,  with  passengers, 
arrived  from  Walla  Walla  and  that  was  the  signal  for 
a  forward  movement  on  the  part  of  many  who  had 
crowded  into  The  Dalles.  A  sudden  thaw  'on  the  22d 
made  the  roads  almost  impassable  and  swelled  the 
streams  so  that  fording  was  out  of  the  question,  but 
at  this  juncture  the  steamboat  Colonel  Wright  suc- 
ceeded in  making  a  trip  from  Celilo  to  Wallula,  en- 
abling those  who  had  not  already  started  to  secure 
easy  transportation  that  far  on  their  journey.  But 
more  than  a  month  must  yet  elapse  before  the  anxious 
fortune  hunters  could  force  their  way  to  the  land  of 
promise.  As  before  related,  the  first  pack  trains  to 
arrive  failed  to  get  nearer  Florence  than  ten  or  twelve 
miles  and  the  goods  were  packed  the  rest  of  the  way  on 
the  backs  of  starving  men. 

Though  the  richness  of  the  discoveries  already 
made  was  quite  widely  known,  the  extent  of  the  au- 
riferous sands  was  a  matter  of  uncertainty.  The  late- 
ness in  the  season  of  the  discovery  and  the  opposition 
of  Indians  had  prevented  thorough  prospecting  that 
fall,  the  severity  of  the  cold  and  depth  of  snow  made 
it  impossible  during  the  winter  and  early  spring,  so  it 
was  not  until  June  that  much  could  be  done.  The 
general  appearance  of  the  country  for  many  miles 
around  was  similar  to  that  in  which  the  gold  was  being 
obtained,  an  encouraging,  but,  as  it  afterwards  proved, 
delusive  circumstance.  The  Florence  country  con- 
sists of  an  extensive  basin  surrounded  by  lofty  moun- 
tains. Extended  around  its  outer  edge  and  snug  up 
against  the  base  of  its  rugged  natural  wall  is  a  deep 
canyon,  while  in  the  center  are  numerous  pine  and 
tamarack-clad  elevations.  Evidences  of  fire  were 
visible  in  many  places  and  there  were  other  extensive 
areas  in  which  the  trees  were  dead,  but  did  not  bear 
any  marks  of  fire.  Judge  Poe  thinks  that  the  most 
probably  theory  to  account  for  these  dead  forests  is 
that  at  some  time  a  season  of  unusual  severity  had 
killed  the  tree  roots. 

It  was  in  the  gulches  between  these  elevations  that 
the  gold  was  found.  On  the  surface  was  a  turf  of  six 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


27 


inches  to  a  foot  in  thickness,  beneath  which  was  a 
loam  varying  in  depth  from  one  to  six  feet.  Beneath 
this  again  was  a  bed  of  gravel,  then  .another  layer  of 
earth  and  then  a  red  gravel,  said  to  be  peculiar  to  the 
Florence  and  Warren  regions,  bearing  gold.  The  sand 
possessed  no  magnetic  qualities  and  resembled  gold 
dust  so  closely  that  it  might  easily  be  mistaken  therefor. 
Humorous  stories  are  told  of  its  being  passed  upon  un- 
suspecting tenderfeet  for  the  much-prized,  much- 
sought  yellow  metal.  The  sand  was,  however,  of  a 
f  really  lower  specific  gravity,  hence  could  be  separated 
rom  the  gold  by  blowing.  The  bedrock  is  granite. 

Some  of  the  gulches  were  dry,  but  water  could 
generally  be  secured  by  digging  and  the  method  em- 
ployed by  those  not  so  fortunate  as  to  possess  streams 
or  ditches  was  to  make  an  excavation,  allow  it  to  fill 
with  water,  use  this  over  and  over  again  in  the  rockers 
until  it  became  too  thick,  then  dip  the  well  dry  and 
wait  for  it  to  fill  again  from  the  water-soaked  gravels 
around. 

Such  was  the  country  to  be  prospected  during  the 
summer  of  1862  by  the  motley  crowds  that  had  flocked 
to  it.  Thousands  explored  it  in  all  directions,  testing 
every  creek  and  guich.  This  thorough  exploration 
proved  that  outside  of  an  area  perhaps  five  miles  square 
no  pay  dirt  could  be  found,  and  the  number  of  disap- 
pointments may  be  imagined.  A  relatively  small  number 
found  the  wealth  they  had  come  so  far  to  seek,  but  the 
vast  majority  learned  that  the  sacrifices  of  their  toil- 
some journey  in  the  spring  of  1862  would  remain  for- 
ever unrewarded.  The  hunger  and  fatigue,  the  cold 
and  exposure,  the  dreary  journeyings  over  muddy 
roads,  through  flood-swollen  streams  and  by  snow- 
filled,  mountain  trails  were  to  win  no  smile  from  fickle 
Fortuna,  who  bestows  her  favors  with  an  arbitrary, 
whimsical  hand.  Some  cursed  their  ill  luck ;  some  gave 
away  to  despondency ;  some  with  apparent  jollity  and 
abandon  laughed  the  laugh  which  told  too  plainly  de- 
spite its  apparent  meriment,  that  penury  had  always 
been  their  lot ;  that  nothing  better  was  expected  in  the 
future  and  that  they  had  determined  to  defy  evil  fate 
by  seeming  indifference  to  its  persistent  lashings. 

Prospecting  parties  did  not  confine  their  operations, 
during  1862,  to  the  Florence  basin,  although  that  was 
the  principal  scene  of  operations.  Many  small  com- 
panies scoured  the  hills  and  mountains  in  all  directions 
and  one  of  these  made  a  discovery,  which,  had  not  its 
importance  been  magnified  many  diameters  by  false 
reports,  would  have  long  since  been  forgotten.  The 
discovery  in  question  was  made  in  the  vicinity  of  Buf- 
falo Hump,  a  mountain  some  twenty  miles  "northeast 
of  Florence.  It  was  not  of  sufficient  importance  to  hold 
people  enough  to  found  a  new  camp,  but  a  rush  was 
occasioned  of  no  small  magnitude.  Rumor  said  that 
the  miners  there  were  taking  out  dust  by  the  teacupful 
and  that  even  gum  boots  were  being  called  into  requi- 
sition as  receptacles  in  which  to  store  the  dust.  Ex- 
citement ran  high.  Rich  claims  in  Florence  were  tem- 
porarily abandoned  by  men  anxious  to  join  the  stam- 
pede. The  falsity  of  the  report  was,  however,  soon 
discovered,  though  not  until  some  of  the  merchants 


had  pofited  by  it,  as  the  circulators  of  the  false  re- 
ports doubtless  intended  they  should. 

But  one  new  discovery  of  real  merit  was  made  dur- 
ing the  year.  In  July,  1862,  James  Warren,  Matt 
Bledsoe  and  a  few  others  set  out  on  an  exploring  and 
prospecting  tour  of  the  Salmon  river  country.  War- 
ren, the  leader,  was  a  college  man,  generally  liked,  but 
like  most  men  of  the  region,  he  had  drifted  into  bad 
habits  and  bad  company.  After  prospecting  all  along 
Salmon  river,  the  party  at  length  decided  to  try  the 
high  mountain  country  to  the  southward.  Crossing 
Salmon  river  at  a  point  nearly  due  south  of  Florence 
thev  continued  their  journey  to  a  small  stream,  which 
coursed  seven  or  eight  miles  through  a  beautiful 
meadow,  perhaps  a  mile  wide  in  places.  Near  the  head 
of  this  little  mountain  torrent  the  party  camped  and, 
according  to  the  usual  custom,  some  of  their  number 
busied  themselves  with  the  gold  pan.  Better  prospects 
were  discovered  than  had  before  rewarded  their  efforts 
on  the  trip  and  a  number  of  claims  were  staked  out. 
The  credit  of  this  find  was  given  to  Warren,  after 
whom  the  entire  camp  was  subsequently  named.  The 
gold  was  fine  and  did  not  exist  in  such  large  quanti- 
ties as  in  the  other  camps,  though  Judge  Poe  tells  us 
that  as  high  as  sixty  ounces  per  diem  to  the  rocker  were 
taken  out.  The  rich  find  at  the  head  of  the  creek  led 
to  the  settlement  of  the  district,  but  it  was  subsequent 
discoveries  that  gave  the  camp  permanence. 

Of  course  the  usual  rush  followed  as  soon  as  the 
facts  became  known.  The  news  reached  Florence 
first,  causing  a  commotion  in  that  camp.  Judge  J.  W. 
Poe,  who  at  the  time  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business  in  Florence  with  Joseph  Haines  and  S.  S. 
Smith,  under  the  firm  name  of  Smith  &  Company,  told 
the  writer  the  story  of  the  early  days  of  Warren  as 
follows  : 

"The  news  reached  me  early.  Smith  was  in  Oregon. 
Haines  was  then  at  Lewiston  and  just  preparing  to 
start  for  Fleronce  with  a  pack  train  of  forty  animals. 
I  immediately  sent  a  mesenger  to  him,  telling  him  of 
the  new  discovery  across  the  Salmon  and  asking  him 
to  come  at  once  as  I  was  unable  to  leave  the  store. 
Meanwhile  the  rush  to  the  new  district  began  and  thou- 
sands deserted  Florence  in  search  of  a  fortune  in  the 
new  mines.  The  trail  led  from  Florence  down  the 
Salmon  river,  across  this  stream  and  several  miles  up 
a  mountain,  past  Marshall  lake  and  over  a  divide  onto 
Warren  creek.  The  Indian  trails  usually  followed  the 
summits  of  mountain  ranges,  that  the  red  men  might 
be  the  better  able  to  keep  their  bearings,  and  it  was  on 
this  account  that  mineral  deposits  happened  to  be  dis- 
covered in  such  elevated  places. 

"Among  the  first  who  went  to  Warren  was  my 
partner,  Joseph  Haines,  who  had  returned  in  haste  from 
Lewiston  on  receipt  of  my  message.  He  and  a  man 
named  White  met  the  returning  crowds  at  Salmon 
river,  and  heard  their  discouraging  reports,  but  never- 
theless, determined  to  push  on.  They  camped  near  the 
mouth  of  a  little  stream  afterward  called  Slaughter 
creek  because  the  cattle  brought  into  camp  were  killed 


reek, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


two  or  three  miles  above  the  canyon.  In  this  locality 
they  noticed  a  deep  washout,  left  by  the  flood  of  spring- 
time, and  repairing  thither,  they  quickly  washed  from 
a  pan  of  the  dirt  about  one  dollar  and  seventy-five 
cents  in  gold.  The  party  staked  out  claims  for  them- 
selves and  one  each  for  Smith  and  myself  and  one  dis- 
covery claim,  thus  inaugurating  the  real  Warren  camp. 
Others  took  claims  along  the  creek  bed  and  soon  sev- 
eral hundred  men  were  at  work.  Returning  to  Flor- 
ence for  his  packtrain,  Haines  took  it  through  to  the 

to  enter  with  a  mercantile  train.  The  date  of  his  sec- 
ond arrival  was  September  8,  1862.  The  miners  as- 
sisted in  building  a  rude  house  and  before  night  the 
first  store  in  the  new  district  was  standing  at  the  mouth 
of  Slaughter  creek.  The  settlement  which  sprang  up 
around  it  was  named  Richmond,  after  the  confederate 
capital,  a  circumstance  which  soon  gave  it  a  rival,  for 
the  Unionists,  not  to  be  outdone,  established  another 
settlement  a  mile  below,  to  which  they  gave  the  name 
Washington.  Richmond  did  not  long  survive  the  con- 
federate cause,  for  by  1866  it  was  abandoned  by  nearly 
all  its  inhabitants.  The  reason  of  its  decay  was  not 
political,  however,  but  rather  that  it  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  be  built  on  rich  placer  ground,  which  in  time 
had  TO  be  surrendered  to  claim  owners.  Washington's 
site  was  just  off  the  pay  streak,  and  its  growth  was 
augmented  by  the  decline  of  its  rival.  It  became  the 
county  seat  of  Idaho  county  in  1869,  succeeding  Flor- 
ence in  the  enjoyment  of  that  distinction. 

"Early  in  the  fall  of  1862  a  miners'  meting  was  held 
at  Richmond  at  which  I  was  elected  by  acclamation  to 
the  office  of  district  recorder.  For  recording  a  claim 
I  received  a  fee  of  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents,  and  some- 
times I  recorded  as  many  as  one  hundred  a  day.  When 
the  law  reduced  this  fee  to  one  dollar,  I  resigned,  not 
caring  to  bother  with  such  work,  and  believing  that  I 
could  make  more  in  the  mines." 

The  rush  to  the  Warren  mines  never  seems  to  have 
gained  the  magnitude  of  that  incited  by  the  Florence 
discovery,  probably  because  the  former  deposits  were 
not  anything  like  as  rich  as  the  latter;  that  is,  they 
never  yielded  such  enormous  per  diem  returns,  though 
they  proved  of  much  greater  permanence.  The  num- 
ber who  joined  the  stampede  to  the  new  diggings  is 
perhaps  impossible  to  estimate,  but  the  population  of 
the  camp  simmered  down  to  about  a  thousand  during 
the  fall,  including  those  at  Summit,  Richmond  and 
Washington.  By  1863  the  population  had  increased  to 
fully  fifteen  hundred  and  the  population  four  years 
later  was  not  less  than  twelve  hundred.  The  discovery 
of  quartz  in  1868  brought  in  a  few  more  men,  though 
no  great  influx  resulted  from  this  cause  owing  to  the 
fact  that  gold  bearing  quartz  so  far  inland  cannot  be 
profitably  worked.  As  the  placers  began  to  show  signs 
of  exhaustion  they  were  turned  over  to  Chinamen, 
several  hundred  of  whom  found  employment  in  the 
abandoned  placers  for  many  years.  In  1872  the  white 
population  of  the  camp  had  declined  to  between  three 
and  four  hundred. 

As  before  stated,  the  original  trail  to  Warren  led 
over  an  exceeding  high  mountain,  necessitating  a  climb 


of  some  twelve  miles.  The  difficulties  and  rigors  of 
this  road  led  to  efforts  for  another  and  better  one,  and 

ten  miles  below  the  original  crossing.  This  road  as- 
cended Elk  crek  four  miles,  then  turned  southeasterly 
across  the  summit  of  the  divide  and  proceeded  to  Lake 
creek,  which  it  pursued  for  twelve  miles  or  until  the 
Warm  Springs  were  reached.  From  this  point  it  fol- 
lowed Secesh  creek  ten  miles,  then  crossed  the  divide 
to  Steamboat  creek,  then  down  that  to  Warren  creek 
and  up  the  last  named  stream  to  the  camp.  It  was  ten 
miles  longer  than  the  former  route  of  travel,  but  on 
account  of  its  easier  grade  it  nevertheless  soon  became 
the  principal  thoroughfare  to  the  mines. 


5  that 

though  the  man  credited  with  its  discovery  was  of  loose 
morals,  showing  a  decided  predilection  for  the  com- 
pany of  the  rougher  classes  of  society,  and  though  at 
least  one  of  the  men  with  him  at  the  time  of  the  dis- 
covery was  an  out  and  out  desperado,  yet  the  camp 
never  became  the  prey  of  ruffians,  never  was  placed 
under  the  necessity  of  organizing  a  vigilance  committee 
for  its  own  defense  and  never  witnessed  a  popular 
execution. 

"The  most  serious  difficulty  which  I  remember," 
says  Judge  Poe,  "grew  out  of  a  robbery  which  took 
place  during  the  winter  following  the  opening  of  the 
mines.  While  Mike  Reynolds,  one  of  the  miners, 
was  at  work  near  the  creek,  someone  went  into  his 
cabin  and  carried  off  $400  or  $500  worth  of  gold 
dust.  Two  men  whose  names  I  cannot  now  recall, 
were  suspected  and  arrested.  I  was  appointed  to 
defend  one  and  Charles  McKay  the  other.  The 
trial  was  set  for  the  next  day. 

"That  evening  while  I  was  sleeping  Three- 
Fingered  Smith,  my  partner,  came  to  the  room  and 
aroused  me,  telling  me  that  the  miners'  meeting,  in 
which  I  should  be  interested,  was  in  progress  across 
the  street  in  a  saloon.  I  hurriedly  dressed  and  hastened 
to  the  place  indicated.  I  found  it  crowded  with  men, 
eagerly  discussing  the  question  of  hanging  my  client. 
Strangely  enough,  McKay  was  one  of  the  ardent  sup- 
porters of  this  extreme  measure.  His  client  was  not 
present,  nor  was  there  any  talk  of  punishing  him, 
but  when  I  arrived  preparations  had  already  begun 
for  the  summary  execution  of  my  man.  I  straightway 
mounted  a  counter  and  began  an  impassioned  plea 
for  the  poor  fellow's  life,  the  result  of  which  was  that 
either  on  my  own  personal  account  or  through  com- 
passion for  the  accused,  incited  by  my  words,  the  rope 
was  laid  aside  and  the  man  held  for  civil  trial.  He 
was  afterwards  convicted  and  sentenced  to  a  short 
term  in  the  penitentiary." 

In  this  manner  was  averted  an  unfortunate  event 
which  came  near  staining  the  fair  name  of  the  War- 
ren mining  district.  That  a  resort  to  extreme  meas- 
ures was  never  here  necessary  is  due  to  the  fact  that 
the  discovery  of  mines  in  what  is  now  Montana  had 
drawn  away  the  rough  element  before  the  importance 
of  the  Warren  district  had  been  established. 

Having  now  outlined  in  a  general  way  the  events 
culminating  in  the  discovery  and  first  development  of 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  early  mining  camps,  we  must  essay  to  give  some 
insight  into  the  social  conditions  of  the  times.  The 
task  is  a  difficult  one  and  adaquately  to  discharge  it 
is  impossible  under  the  limitations  imposed  by  the 
plan  of  this  volume,  but  from  the  testimony  of  those 
who  were  in  north  Idaho  during  the  earliest  days, 
we  may.  perhaps,  be  able  to  draw  an  outline  picture. 
The  summer  months  are  utilized  by  the  miner  to  the 
best  possible  advantage  in  separating,  by  the  different 
processes  known  to  practical  mineralogy,  the  precious 
yellow  metal  from  the  sand  and  gravel  in  which  it 
lies.  There  is  enough  of  excitement  about  the  search  to 
keep  every  man  doing  his  utmost  during  the  long 
hours  of  labor,  and  by  the  time  the  miner  has  repaired 
in  the  evening  to  his  rude  cabin,  cooked  and  eaten 
his  supper  of  bread,  pork  and  beans  and  coffee,  and 
enjoyed  his  evening  smoke,  he  is  ready  to  retire,  for 
he  must  be  at  his  task  again  at  an  early  hour.  When 
Sunday  comes  it  does  not  always  bring  repose  or  even 
a  change  of  task,  but  generally  the  pick  and  shovel 
are  laid  aside  and  the  miner  busies  himself  in  washing 
his  soiled  shirts,  darning  his  socks,  mending  clothes, 
chopping  firewood  for  the  week,  baking  bread  and  the 
like.  There  is  little  time  for  drinking,  gambling  or 
dissipation,  though  the  miner  may  occasionally  in- 
dulge in  the  pleasures  of  the  appetite,  even  during 
this  busy  season.  His  main  pleasure  is,  however, 
the  gratification  of  his  master  passion,  the  pursuit 
of  wealth.  The  reputation  of  the  mining  town  for 
immorality  and  vice  must  be  kept  up  during  the 
summer  months,  if  it  is  maintained  at  all,  by  the 
gambling  and  carousing  class,  the  enemy  of  all 
morality,  canker  worms  on  the  body  politic. 

But  when  winter's  snows  and  surly  blasts  put  an 
end  to  the  pursuit  of  gold,  then  it  is  that  the  man- 
hood of  the  miner  is  severely  tested.  Nothing  but 
gold  can  induce  htm  to  overcome  the  gregarious  in- 
stincts of  his  nature.  When  that  pursuit  is  no  longer 
possible  he  must  repair  to  the  town,  there  to  run  the 
gauntlet  of  ten  thousand  dangers;  to  avoid  the  traps 

hood,  or  falling  into  them,  to  part  with  both.  The 
conflict  which  rages  within  his  breast  is  nine  times 
out  of  ten  an  unequal  one.  The  kindly  influences  of 
home  and  church  and  pure,  enobling  society  are  all 
wanting.  External  restraints  upon  him  there  are  none. 
Pure  amusements,  refined  society  he  cannot  have. 
Fortunate  indeed  is  he,  if  his  morality  and  his  prin- 
ciples are  so  firmly  set  in  the  unyielding  granite  of 
his  nature,  that  he  can  pass  the  several  months  of 
enforced  idleness  without  a  lapse  or  a  plunge  into 
impurity,  licentiousness  and  debauchery. 

If  it  were  possible  for  the  miner  to'  keep  busy  dur- 
ing the  winter,  he  could  easily  withstand  the  blandish- 
ments of  vice.  But  the  ennui  of  protracted  idleness, 
who  can  indure?  To  pass  the  time  pleasantly,  all 
the  books  and  papers  of  the  camp  are  read  and  re- 
read. The  social  card  game  is  restored  to.  It  is  kept 
up  until  all  interest  in  it  cloys.  The  passion  for 
novelty  and  excitement  becomes  well  nigh  uncontroll- 
able. It  drives  its  poor  victim  at  first  to  the  more 
nearly  respectable  places  of  resort.  Ah,  now  he  is 


treading  on  the  dangerous  ground !  The  convivial  in- 
stincts of  his  own  nature,  the  examples  of  men  still 
held  in  high  esteem  in  this  frontier  community,  with 
its  lowered  social  standards,  the  allurements  of 
abandoned  Delilahs,  the  persuasions  of  some  fallen 
men,  the  ridicule  of  others,  all  tend  to  lead  or  to  drive 
him  deeper  into  the  mirey  slough  of  dissipation.  The 
punishment  swift,  and  condign  which  in  an  older 
community  would  be  visited  upon  the  man  who  openly 
takes  his  first  plunge  into  license  is  not  here  meted 
out  and  the  poor  victim  does  not  always  realize  that 
nature  has  provided  her  own  punishment  for  the 
violation  of  her  moral  and  physical  laws;  a  punish- 
ment which  though  slower  in  .its  visitations  is  sure 
never  to  miscarry  as  that  of  society  often  does. 
Without  uplifting  influences,  without  the  usual  re- 
straints, without  danger  of  social  ostracism,  without 
even  civil  law,  with  the  higher  cravings  of  nature 
unsatisfied,  in  the  midst  of  all  the  temptations  which 
a  society  composed  largely  of  gamblers,  vagabonds, 
fallen  women  and  even  thieves,  desperadoes  and 
murderers  can  furnish,  is  it  to  be  wondered  that  so 
many  well  meaning  men  fell  by  the  wayside?  Yet 
out  of  this  heterogeneous  society  have  come  unseared 
many  of  the  noblest  and  brightest  of  the  leaders  and 
builders  of  our  western  institutions. 

When  the  miners  first  invaded  north  Idaho  there 
was  practically  no  law  for  their  government.  The 
region  was  a  part  of  the  territory  of  Washington, 
but  from  the  nature  of  the  case  it  could  not  be 
efficiently  governed  from  Olympia.  There  were  no 
county  organizations;  no  local  officers  of  the  law; 
no  courts.  In  fact  the  country  was  a  veritable  haven 
for  escaped  convicts,  desperadoes,  thugs  and  thieves 
and  abandoned  characters  of  every  variety.  Let  the 
reader  picture  in  his  imagination  a  society  so  con- 
stituted, made  up  so  largely  of  a  desperate  criminal 
class,  without  restraint  of  any  kind,  and  he  will  have 
a  picture  of  north  Idaho  as  it  was  in  1861  and  1862. 
In  forming  this  mental  picture  he  should  give  due 
weight  also  to  the  fact  that  the  Civil  war  was  then 
in  progress,  that  it  drove  to  the  west  many  from  both 
north  and  south  who  were  unwilling  to  bear  the  re- 
sponsibilities it  imposed  upon  them ;  that  these  brought 
with  them  all  the  bitterness  and  prejudice  engendered 
by  that  strife,  and  that  the  violent  expression  of  this 
prejudice  was  the  occasion  of  many  a  personal  en- 
counter. Truly  the  conditions  obtaining  were  such 
as  can  never  again  exist  upon  the  American  conti- 

As  might  be  expected  the  catalogue  of  crime  was 
a  long  one.  The  insecurity  of  life  and  property  upon 
the  highways  may  easily  be  imagined.  The  well  dis- 
posed citizens  were  so  greatly  in  the  minority  that  they 
dared  not  offer  resistance  to  the  reign  of  crime,  and  red 
handed,  blazen  eyed  murder  stalked  unmasked  at  mid- 
day through  the  streets  of  the  towns.  A  full  history 
of  this  carnival  of  crime  cannot  here  be  attempted; 
would  not  add  to  the  value  of  the  work  if  presented 
in  detail,  but  as  affording  some  idea  of  this  modern 
reign  of  terror  we  quote  the  following  from  Ban- 
croft's summary,  gleaned  from  the  journals  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


times:  "Robert  Upcreek,  shot  at  Oro  Fino  by  a 
Frenchman  in  September,  1861  ;  Hypolite,  owner  of 
a  large  packtrain  and  $500  in  gold,  murdered  on  the 
road  in  October,  1861 ;  Ned  Meany,  killed  in  a  quarrel 
at  Jackson's  ferry,  near  Lewiston,  November,  1861  ; 
two  masked  men  entered  a  house  in  Lewiston  in 
December  and  in  spite  of  resistance  carried  off  $500, 
shooting  fatally  one  of  the  inmates;  Matt.  Bledsoe 
killed  James  H.  Harmon  at  Slate  creek,  Salmon  river, 
in  a  quarrel  over  cards.  December,  1861.;  four 
murders  were  committed  in  two  weeks  at  Lewiston 
in  the  fall  of  1861  :-three  in  March,  1862,  at  Florence; 
William  Kirby  killed  John  Maples  in  July,  1863; 
William  H.  Tower,  while  threatening  others,  was  shot 
and  killed  at  Florence,  February  23,  1863;  Morrissy, 
a  desperado,  was  killed  at  Elk  City  about  the  same 
time;  George  Reed  was  shot  by  Isaac  Warwick  in  a 
quarrel  about  a  claim  in  April,  1863 ;  Frank  Gallag- 
her was  murdered  by  one  Berryman,  with  whom  he 
was  traveling;  at  a  ball  at  Florence  on  New  Year's 
eve,  a  cyprian  was  ejected  from  the  dancing  room, 
whereupon  Henry  J.  Talbotte  (better  known  as  Chero- 
kee Bob)  and  'William  Willoughby  armed  them- 
selves and  prepared  for  vengance ;  later  they  were 
both  killed  in  an  attempt  to  get  it:  one  Bull,  living 
near  Elk  City,  kindly  entertained  over  night  two  men 
who  asked  for  shelter,  in  the  morning  the  men  and 
five  horses  were  missing.  Bull  followed  them  for 
twenty  days,  coming  up  with  them  at  a  camp  on 
Gold  creek,  265  miles  from  home,  on  seeing  him  one 
of  the  men  sprang  on  a  horse  and  fled,  the  other, 
William  Arnett,  was  shot;  a  party  pursuing  the  flee- 
ing robber  brought  him  back  and  hanged  him.  Enoch 
Fruit  was  a  chief  of  road  agents ;  James  Robinson,  a 
mere  boy,  was  one  of  his  assistants ;  in  the  autumn  of 
1862  they  were  prominent  among  the  knights  of  the 
road  between  Florence  and  Lewiston;  both  met 
violent  deaths ;  James  Crow,  Michael  Mulkie  and  Jack 
McCoy  robbed  three  travelers  between  Oro  Fino  and 
Lewiston;  William  Rowland  and  George  Law  were 
a  couple  of  horse  thieves  operating  on  Camas  Prairie ; 
George  A.  Noble  of  Oregon  City,  was  robbed  of  100 
pounds  of  gold  dust  between  Florence  and  Oro  Fino 
in  December,  1862  ;  two  horsethieves,  for  stealing  from 
a  government  train,  were  shot  dead."  Besides  the 
homocides  and  robberies  above  noted  and  scores  of 
others  which  came  to  the  knowledge  of  the  people 
at  the  time,  there  were  perhaps  hundreds  of  which 
nothing  was  ever  known;  at  least  it  was  judged  so 
from  the  number  of  inquiries  which  kept  coming  in 
for  vears  afterward  from  persons  in  the  east,  whose 
relatives  were  lost  track  of. 

Early  in  the  history  of  the  north  Idaho  mining 
region,  there  seems  to  have  been  formed  organizations 
of  thugs  for  the  systematic  prosecution  of  their 
nefarious  vocation.  The  most  notorious  of  these,  it 
is  said,  had  two  strongholds  or  points  of  rendezvous, 
known  in  the  vernacular  of  the  times  as  "shebangs." 
The  leadership  of  this  band  is  accredited  by  some  to 
Henry  Plummer,  though  there  are  many  in  Lewiston 
who.  having  known  this  man  in  no  other  capacity 
than  that  of  a  gambler,  are  doubtful  of  his  having 


had  anything  to  do  with  greater  crimes  while  here. 
But  if  the  pictures  of  Plummer's  character,  furnished 
by  those  who  professed  to  know  his  record  quite 
intimately,  are  not  colored  to  his  disadvantage,  he 
was  hypocritical  enough  to  keep  the  baser  side  of  his 
nature  in  the  background  when  it  suited  him,  by  his 
urbanity,  polish  and  personal  magnetism,  winning 
the  confidence  of  such  as  he  wished  to  impress  favor- 
ably. From  the  previous  redord  accorded  to  Plummer 
in  California  and  his  subsequent  career  in  Montana 
it  is  not  hard  to  believe  him  guilty  of  having  acted 
a  double  part  in  Lewiston. 

However  this  may  be  the  robbers  of  the  country 
became  organized  during  his  stay  there  and  by  means 
of  intelligent  co-operation  were  enabled  to  defy  law, 
moral  and  civil,  commit  the  coldest  blooded  murders 
with  impunity,  and  appropriate  to  themselves  the 
valuables  of  travelers,  packers,  miners  returning  from 
a  successful  summer's  work,  anybody  who  might  be 
caught  unprotected  with  gold  on  his  person. 

Patiently  for  many  months  the  good  people  bore 
these  multiplied  wrongs.  If  any  inquiry  was  made  into 
the  question  of  who  was  responsible  for  a  given  crime, 
such  inquiry  was  turned  into  a  farce,  for  the  friends 
of  law  and  order  were  in  the  minority  and  dared  not 
assert  themselves.  The  few  who  defied  the  roughs 
and  openly  opposed  them  were  marked  for  early 
slaughter.  The  customary  method  of  disposal  of  all 
such  was  to  embroil  them  in  a  quarrel  and  under 
color  of  self-defense  to  inflict  a  death  wound  with  the 
ever  ready  pistol  or  bowie  knife. 

But  this  rule  of  the  roughs  could  not  last  always. 
Justice  may  be  outraged  for  a  time,  but  like  Truth, 
when  crushed  to  earth  it  will  rise  again.  Villainy 
soon  over-reached  itself  and  brought  destruction  up- 
on its  own  head.  The  first  determined  resistance  to 
crime  on  the  part  of  a  united  people,  of  which  we  have 
any  knowledge,  was  made  at  Elk  City  in  the  summer 
of  1862.  An  account  of  it  was  kindly  furnished  us 
by  Joel  D.  Martin  and  James  Witt,  both  of  whom 
were  eye  witnesses.  From  their  statements,  it  ap- 
pears that  early  in  the  spring  James  Maguire  and 
one  Finnigan  became  entangled  in  a  quarrel  which 
led  to  blows.  After  fighting  several  rounds  they  finally 
agreed  to  settle  their  difficulties  amicably  and  let  by- 
gones be  bygones.  As  was  customary  in  those  days, 
the  bargain  was  sealed  over  the  bar.  Between  drinks 
protestations  of  friendship  were  made  again  and  again, 
but  one  party  to  the  compact  of  amity  was  a  traitor. 
In  keeping  with  the  unenviable  reputation  for  treach- 
ery he  sustained  in  California,  the  detestable  Maguire 
broke  in  upon  the  expressions  of  good  will,  by 
stealthily  seizing  the  handle  of  Finnigan's  knife  and 
unsheathing  the  weapon  with  intent  to  bury  its  blade 
in  its  owner's  bosom.  But  the  bystanders  saw  the 
movement,  threw  themselves  upon  the  aggressor  and 
prevented  the  consummation  of  the  atrocious  deed. 
Later  the  two  men  again  met.  Finnigan  fired  five 
shots,  wounding  Maguire  in  the  leg  and  in  the  neck. 
Friends  carried  the  injured  man  to  a  room  over 
Maltby's  saloon  and  there  left  him,  expecting  to  re- 
turn in  the  morning.  During  the  night  Finnigan  re- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


turned  and  slipping  up  stairs,  killed  his  foe  in  a  most 
atrocious  manner,  leaving  the  cruel  bowie  knife  in 
Maguire's  throat.  Had  Finnigan  occasioned  Ma- 
guire's  death  in  a  fair  fight,  the  spirit  of  the  times 
would  have  condoned  him ;  but  cowardice  and  treach- 
ery were  unpardonable.  Finnigan  was  arrested  and 
put  on  trial  before  a  popular  tribunal.  He  admitted 
the  crime  but  claimed  in  extenuation,  what  was  no 
doubt  true,  that  he  had  to  kill  Maguire  in  order  to 
save  his  own  life.  A  newly  elected  justice  of  the 
peace  presided  as  judge,  and  one  Colonel  Johnson, 
a  lawyer  recently  from  California  but  originally  from 
the  Middle  West,  acted  as  defendant's  council.  The 
testimony  elicited  some  expressions  of  sympathy  for 
the  prisoner,  but  the  jury  nevertheless  rendered  a  ver- 
dict of  guilty.  The  following  afternoon,  a  man  named 
Powers,  who  was  acting  as  sheriff,  led  Finnigan  to 
the  gallows.  Brackett,  a  shoemaker,  tied  the  hang- 
man's knot  and  when  all  was  ready  the  Irishman  was 
launched  into  space.  Then  occurred  one  of  those 
incidents  which  are  said  to  have  taken  place  not  in- 
frequently in  the  hasty  popular  executions  of  early 
days  and  to  have  resulted  occasionally  in  the  saving 
of  a  life.  The  knot,  having  probably  been  tampered 
with  by  the  sympathetic  sheriff,  failed  to  hold,  and 
Finnigan  fell  to  terra  firma.  He  soon  recovered  from 
the  shock,  gained  his  feet  and,  accompanied  by  Moses 
Hart  and  Joseph  Ritchie,  two  of  his  friends,  started 
to  run  away  from  the  scene.  The  crowd  was  so 
dumbfounded  that  for  a  short  time  not  a  man  moved. 
Then  Josh.  Phipps  started  in  pursuit  and  soon  over- 
taking the  fugitives,  instantly  covered  them  with  his 
rule  and  demanded  that  they  halt.  Phipps  expected 
that  others  would  come  to  "his  assistance  but  none 
came,  so  he  lowered  his  gun  and  told  Finnigan  to 
go,  a  command  which- the  latter  was  quick  to  obey. 
It  is  said  that  he  was  later  seen  in  San  Francisco  by 
one  who  knew  him  in  Idatio  and  that  the  tell  tale 
mark  of  the  rope  was  still  on  his  neck. 

The  next  assumption  of  judicial  functions  on  the 
part  of  the  populace  was  in  Lewiston  in  the  fall  of 
1862.  The  occasion  was  the  robbery  of  the  Berry 
brothers,  while  on  their  way  from  Florence  to  Lewis- 
Ma  with  a  pack  train.  When  near  what  is  known  as 
Rocky  canyon,  each  of  the  men  was  confronted  by 
a  masked  highwayman  armed  with  a  shot  gun  and 
ordered  to  throw  up  his  hands.  Compliance  under 
such  circumstances  was  a  matter  of  necessity  and  the 
men  were  relieved  of  between  $1,100  and  $1,400  in 
gold  dust.  They  were  then  commanded  to  camp  at 
Rocky  canyon  under  pain  of  death,  but  when  the 
dangerous  looking  shot  gun  was  no  longer  pointed  their 
way,  they  did  not  choose  to  render  further  obedience 
to  the  commands  of  the  robbers.  No  sooner  had  the 
highwaymen  passed  out  of  sight  than  William  Berry 
mounted  the  best  mule  in  the  train  and  started  in 
pursuit.  The  robbers  were  riding  the  best  running 
horses,  and  in  the  race  easily  outstripped  the  big  man 
on  the  mule. 

When  Berry  arrived  in  Lewiston  he  found  that 
the  robbers  had  gone  on  to  Walla  Walla.  Then 
commenced  the  pursuit.  The  Berrys  had  one  ad- 


vantage in  that  they  recognized  the  voices  of  the  two 
men,  Bill  Peoples  and  Dave  English,  who  held  them 
up  (for  both  were  well  known  to  them  personally.) 
They  later  ascertained  that  one  Charley  Scott  was  also 
in  the  infamous  plot. 

In  company  with  Gus  Meamber,  a  Frenchman, 
and  others  who  joined  him  at  Lewiston,  the  outraged 
merchant  proceeded  post  haste  to  Walla  Walla,  travel- 
ing with  a  four  horse  team  and  breaking  the  record 
for  fast  time.  They  arrived  just  behind  the  highway- 
men. Berry  met  Peoples  in  a  saloon,  disarmed  him, 
and  took  him  into  custody.  Meamber  found  and 
arrested  Scott.  Dave  English  had  not  stopped  in 
Walla  Walla  but  had  gone  on  to  Wallula.  His  arrest 
was  effected  by  Sheriff  James  Buckley,  his  deputy  and 
a  saloon  keeper  named  Vancise.  It  is  said  that  an  at- 
tempt was  made  to  secure  for  the  prisoner  a  civil  trial 
in  the  Walla  Walla  courts,  which  failed ;  also  that  the 
roughs  of  that  city  attempted  the  rescue  of  their 
captured  confreres.  '  But  the  capturers  escaped  with 
their  prisoners  to  Lewiston.  Here  the  outlaws  were 
confined  in  a  little  log  building.  Had  they  known  of 
the  doom  awaiting  them,  they  would  doubtless  have 
made  a  more  determined  effort  to  escape,  but  they 
trusted  to  the  rough  element  for  their  rescue,  and 
were  not  greatly  alarmed. 

The  people  of  Lewiston  were  more  thoroughly 
aroused  over  this  crime  than  they  had  been  over  any 
other.  The  victims  of  the  robbery  were  well  known 
and  well  liked ;  furthermore  there  was  a  general  feel- 
ing that  the  time  had  arrived  when  the  rule  of  the 
roughs  must  be  brought  to  its  termination,  and  accord- 
ingly efficient  means  were  provided  for  the  safe  guard- 
ing of  the  prisoners.  The  men  were  confined  in  a 
little  building  situated  on  the  point  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  Clearwater  and  Snake  rivers.  '  Two 
men,  thoroughly  armed,  guarded  them  day  and  night 
and  these  were  to  bring  to  their  assistance  the  entire 
populace  in  case  of  an  attempted  rescue,  by  ringing  a 
large  triangle  near  at  hand.  It  is  said  that  the  roughs 
from  other  parts  did  begin  gathering  with  intent  to 
rally  to  the  support  of  their  doomed  comrades.  One 
plot  for  their  release  was  led  by  an  uncle  of  Peoples 
named  Marshall,  but  the  raid  was  defeated  by  Jonas 
Whaley.  of  the  guard,  a  shot  from  whose  Kentucky 
squirrel  rifle  served  the  double  purpose  of  temporarily 
disabling  Marshall  and  alarming  the  populace. 

Eventually  a  trial  was  given  the  accused  men  in 
George  H.  Sandy's  store,  at  the  corner  of  D  and 
Second  streets,  which  trial  ended  in  their  conviction. 
That  night  the  guards  were  notified  that  their  services 
were  no  longer  needed.  The  next  morning  those  who 
went  over  to  the  jail  to  see  about  the  prisoners  found 
the  earthly  remains  of  the  three  men  hanging  by  their 
necks  from  the  rafters,  and  their  cold  rigid  bodies, 
drawn,  bloodless  faces  and  glassy  eyes  told  that  life 
had  been  extinct  for  several  hours.  The  date  of  this 
summary  execution,  according  to  a  notation  in  the  old 
Luna  hotel  register,  now  in  the  possession  of  Charles 
F.  Leland,  was  November  9,  1862.  It  marked  the 
decline  of  lawlessness  in  the  vicinity  of  Clearwater, 
for  the  villainous  element  departed  one  by  one  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


in  small  squads  to  points  in  the  interior  and  in  Mon- 
tana, where  most  of  them  ended  their  careers  as  such 
men  usually  do,  either  at  the  hands  of  their  kind  dur- 
ing quarrels  or  by  the  merciless  ropes  of  vigilance 
committees.  Among  those  to  depart  this  life  by  the 
latter  route  was  Henry  Plummer  himself,  the  reputed 
leader  of  the  largest  band,  and  the  known  author  of 

Lewiston  first,  then  Oro  Fino  and  finally  Florence 
had  been  centers  of  operation  for  these  bands  of 
criminals.  In  the  last  mentioned  town  a  species  of 
vigilance  committee  had  been  formed.  Its  members 
met  after  the  death  of  Cherokee  Bob  and  Willoughby 
and  instructed  their  executive  committee  to  warn  all 
suspicious  characters  to  leave  the  town  forthwith. 


The  most  notorious  characters  had,  however,  taken 
refuge  in  flight,  fearing  lest  a  more  condign  punish- 
meni  should  be  meted  out  to  them  at  the  hands  of 
the  thoroughly  aroused  people,  and  the  committee 
had  no  other  task  to  perform  than  the  expulsion  of  a 

But  the  most  terrible  deed  in  the  history  of  north 
Idaho  was  committed  after  the  reign  of  the  desperadoes 
in  the  towns  was  practically  over,  though  there  was 
yet  a  considerable  element  of  these  villains  in  this 
mining  region  and  their  supremacy  in  what  is  now 
Montana  was  still  maintained.  We  refer  to  the  murder 
of  Lloyd  Magruder  and  companions  in  the  Bitter 
Root  mountains,  an  account  of  which  will  be  presented 
in  its  proper  chronological  place. 


CHAPTER  II. 


POLITICAL  ORGANIZATION    AND  PASSING  EVENTS. 


Naturally  the  influx  of  miners  and  fortune-hunters 
into  north  Idaho  had  many  results  incidental  to  the 
great  purpose.  The  country  was  settled  and  developed 
during  the  first  two  or  three  years  in  a  way  that  it  could 
hardly  have  been  in  as  many' decades  had  its  sands  been 
without  gold  or  had  their  wealth  remained  hidden. 
While  there  was  some  complaint  on  the  part  of  the  nar- 
rower-visioned  Willamette  valley  papers  that  the  Idaho 
mines  had  caused  a  costly  drain  upon  the  resources  of 
that  section,  others  saw  that  in  their  ultimate  and  even 
in  many  of  their  promixate  results  they  were  a  blessing. 
In  speaking  of  the  effect  upon  the  metropolis  of  Ore- 
gon, Judge  Deady  in  his  manuscript  history  said :  "The 
Colville  and  Oro  Fino  mines  helped  Portland  greatly, 
and  in  1861  built  up  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company.  Loaded  drays  used  to  stand  in  lines  half  a 

ing  that  involved  a  fortune."  The  more  liberal  newspa- 
pers also  stated  that,  contrary  to  preconceived  opinions 
of  what  was  possible,  persons  who  had  engaged  in  ag- 
riculture on  the  route  between  The  Dalles  and  Lewis- 
ton  were  raising  excellent  crops,  a  statement  going  to 
show  that  the  agricultural  possibilities  of  the  east  side 
were  even  then  beginning  to  be  surmised.  The  discov- 
ery of  the  Idaho  mines  was  certainly  a  boon  to  Walla 
Walla.  It  was  the  direct  cause  of  the  unearthing  of 
vast  mineral  wealth  in  the  John  Day  country  and  in 
the  Boise  basin,  which  discoveries,  with  that  of  the 
Auburn  mines  in  Baker  county,  encouraged  the  agri- 
cultural development  of  eastern  Oregon.  From  this 
source  Portland  has  drawn  millions  of  dollars  and  con- 


tinues to  draw  millions,  yet  its  citizens  for  many  years 
seemed  to  fail  to  realize  that  its  chief  hope  of  greatness 
lay  in  the  development  of  its  whole  tributary  country. 
They  used  every  means  to  encourage  immigration  from 
the  east  to  continue  on  through  to  the  Willamette  val- 
ley, and  not  a  few  efforts  were  made  to  decry  the  inland 
empire  in  the  columns  of  the  public  press.  Such  a  pol- 
icy seems  indeep  a  narrow  one  when  viewed  in  retro- 
spect. 

Mention  has  been  previously  made  of  the  settlement 
of  Seth  S.  Slater  and  others  "at  the  confluence  of  the 
Snake  and  Clearwater  rivers  in  May,  1861.  The  land 
upon  which  these  men  pitched  their  tents  was  then  a 
part  of  the  Nez  Perce  reservation,  but  necessity  knew 
no  law,  and  in  June  the  merchants  and  miners  deter- 
mined that  a  town  must  be  laid  out,  notwithstanding 
the  opposition  of  the  Indians  and  United  States  author- 
ities. Nevertheless  the  town  builders  were  notified  by 
the  latter  that  they  must  not  erect  any  permanent  build- 
ings. Partly  as  a  result  of  this  prohibition,  but  more 
especially  from  the  haste  with  which  the  town  was 
called  into  existence,  it  was  at  first  a  very  frail  little 
city.  Almost  all  its  buildings,  business  places  and  resi- 
dences alike  consisted  of  a  light  framework  of  wood, 
covered  with  canvas,  roof  and  sides.  From  the  dis- 
tant hill  tops  the  town  in  the  day  time  had  the  appear- 
ance of  having  been  built  of  marble,  and  at  night,  when 
lights  were  burning  within  the  canvas  walls,  it  had  a 
decidedly  holiday  look.  From  its  very  inception  it  was 
an  important  business  point.  Being  most  favorably  sit- 
uated at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Snake  river,  it 


The  Buildings  used  as  Governor's  Headquai 
of  Idaho  in  1863,  still  stanc 


VIEW  ON  THE  SNAKE,  NEAR  LEWISTON. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  the  natural  outfitting  place  for  parties  going  into 
the  mines  of  the  interior,  and  long,  heavily  loaded  trains 
left  it  daily. 

The  causes  which  necessitated  the  building  of  the 
temparary  town,  despite  the  fact  that  it  was  a  violation 
of  treaty  rights,  were  seen  to  be  permanent  in  their 
nature.  Remonstrances  from  Indians  or  military  men 

impelling  the  steamboat  company  and  the  miners  to 
oppose  their  wishes,  and  in  October,  1861,  the  town- 
site  of  Lewiston  was  laid  off.  To  pacify  Lawyer  and 
other  head  men  of  his  tribe  some  compensation  was 
given  them  for  the  privilege.  The  Nez  Perces  were 
not  very  determined  in  their  opposition  to  white  occu- 
pancy, and  danger  of  a  general  war  was  never  a  deter- 
rent force  in  the  settlement  and  development  of  the 
country. 

The  erection  of  permanent  buildings  was  not  ac- 
complished in  time  to  prevent  great  suffering  from  cold 
in  Lewiston.  During  the  severe  winter  of  1861-2  its 
inhabitants  were  almost  solely  dependent  for  shelter 
upon  the  canvas  walls  and  roofs  put  up  during  the  first 
rush,  and  the  suffering  was  further  augmented  by  the 
scarcity  of  fuel.  To  add  to  the  people's  multiplied  dis- 
comfitures the  rivers  rose  during  the  spring  of  1862 
to  an  unwonted  height,  inundating  their  town,  as  well 
as  The  Dalles  and  part  of  Portland.  But  all  these 
drawbacks  were  as  impotent  to  stay  the  progress  of 
Lewiston  as  to  quiet  the  mining  excitement  which 
called  it  into  being.  Its  growth  was  exceedingly  rapid 
the  first  few  years,  and  only  after  the  removal  of  the 
superfluous  mining  population  tributray  to  it  and  the 
consequent  loss  of  its  political  honors  did  it  cease  to 
march  forward  at  a  double  quick. 

The  rapid  settlement  of  the  country  was  not  with- 
out its  political  effects,  though,  as  before  related,  it 
out  ran  the  forms  of  government  and  made  it  necces- 
sary  that  the  miners  should  become  a  law  unto  them- 
selves, not  alone  in  civil  matters,  but  in  criminal  pro- 
cedure as  well.  That  it  was  possible  for  communities 
of  frontiersmen,  brought  together  and  animated  by  a 
thirst  for  gold,  to  calmly  frame  and  adopt  laws  for 

these  laws  among  their  own  number  and  in  general  to 
discharge  all  necessary  functions,  legislative,  judicial 
and  executive,  is  a  favorable  nortent  for  the  future  of 
the  civil  institutions  of  America.  The  pioneers  of 
north  Idaho  were  also  surprisingly  temperate  and  self- 
contained  in  their  popular  criminal  proceedings.  No 
such  thing  as  a  vigilance  committee  was  organized  un- 
til patience  had  ceased  to  be  a  virtue,  and  then  due  care 
was  taken  that  none  but  the  guilty  should  suffer.  But 
a  regularly  constituted  government  is  always  welcomed 
by  order-loving  and  law-abiding  Americans,  and  the 
establishment  of  such  in  what  is  now  north  Idaho  was 
eagerly  sought  for  from  the  first. 

The  territorial  government  of  Washington  had  or- 
ganized Shoshone  county  in  January.  1858.  comprising 
all  of  the  country  north  of  the  Snake  river  and  be- 
tween the  Columbia  river  and  the  Rocky  mountains, 
with  the  county  seat  on  the  land  claim  of  Angus  Mc- 


Donald.    In  1861  it  established  the  official  boundaries 
of  this  political  entity  as  follows : 


legim 


louth 


of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Clearwater;  thence  south  with  said 
river  to  the  Lolo  Fork  of  the  same;  thence  east  with  said 
Lolo  stream  in  an  easterly  direction  to  the  summit  of  the 
Bitter  Root  mountains ;  thence  north  to  the  main  divide  be- 
tween the  Palouse  river  and  the  North  Fork  of  the  Clear- 
water;  thence  in  a  westerly  direction  with  said  main  divide 
to  a  point  from  which  running  due  south  would  strike  the 
mouth  of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Clearwater  to  the  place  of 
beginning.  Passed  December  21,  1861. 


of   Repre 


tath 


The  day  previous  another  act  had  been  passed  creating 
and  organizing  the  county  of  Nez  Perce,  the  language  of 
which  was  as  follows: 

"Section  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  legislative  assembly  of 
the  Territory  of  Washington,  That  all  that  part  of  Washing- 
ton Territory  lying  within  the  following  boundaries,  be  or- 
ganized into  a  county  called  Nez  Perce,  to-wit :  Beginning 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Clearwater ;  thence  up  same  to  the  South 
Fork  of  the  Clearwater;  thence  with  the  South  Fork  to  the 
Lolo  creek;  thence  with  the  southern  boundary  of  Shoshone 

south'  to  the  main  divide  between  the  waters  of  the  'Salmon 
River  and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Clearwater  to  the  Snake 
River ;  thence  with  the  Snake  River  west  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Clearwater  TO  the  place  of  beginning. 

"Sec.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  J.  M.  Van  Valsah 
be  appointed  county  auditor;  A  Creacv,  Whitfield  Kirtly  and 

sheriff  ;%ndP°^  Jlfstiw  of'TheTeaee ^Or  safe"  county  Tintil 
the  next  general  election. 

"Passed   December  20,    1861. 

JAMES  LEO  FURGUSON, 
Speaker,    House   of   Representatives. 
A.  R.  BURBANK,  President  of  the  Council." 


On  this  day,  too,  an  act  was  passed  c 


Folio* 


itted,  i 


Be  it  enacted  by  the  legislative  assembly  of 

the  Territory  of  Washington,  That  all  that  part  of  Wash- 
ington Territory  south  of  Nez  Perce  county  and  east  of  Snake 
river,  be  organized  into  a  county  called  Idaho. 

"Sec.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  L.  Lindsey  be  and 
is  hereby,  appointed  county  auditor;  Robert  Gray,  Robert 
Burns,  and  Sanburn  be  appointed  county  commission- 
ers;  Joseph  Standifer,  sheriff;  Parker,  Justice  of  the 

Peace  for  said  county  until  the  next  general  election. 
"Passed  December  20,    1861 

JAMES  LEO  FUKUSON, 
Speaker,  House  of  Representatives. 
A.  R.  BURBANK,  President  of  the  Council."  t," 

The  formation  of  these  political  divisions  gave  the 
people  some  kind  of  a  home  government  other  than  a 
strictly  popular  one  without  sanction  of  law,  but  the 
judicial  function,  except  in  probate  and  minor  matters, 
was  with  the  three  federal  judges.  The  hands  of  these 
had  been  full  enough  when  they  had  no  duties  outside 
of  the  coast  counties,  and  now  that  the  population  east 
of  the  Cascades  was  sufficiently  large  to  more  than 
double  their  work,  a  problem  was  presented  not  easy 
to  solve.  Certainly  a  country  into  which  vagabonds, 
desperadoes  and  abandoned  characters  had  flocked  from 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


all  parts  of  the  west  was  very  badly  in  need  of  courts, 
if  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  territory  was  to  be  main- 
tained there  at  all.  The  solution  finally  adopted  was 
the  passage  of  acts  authorizing  the  holding  of  district 
courts  at  different  county  seats  having  concurrent 
jurisdiction  with  the  regular  federal  district  courts, 
except  in  cases  where  the  United  States  was  a  party, 
with  right  of  appeal  to  the  supreme  court  of  federal 
judges.  The  expenses  of  each  special  district  court 
were  to  be  paid  by  the  county  in  which  it  was  held. 

No  more  eloquent  commentary  upon  the  rapid  rate 
at  which  the  country  now  constituting  north  Idaho 
developed  during  1861-2  need  be  sought  than  the  notice 
it  demanded  from  the  Washington  Legislature,  by 
which,  as  compiled  from  the  statute  books  by  Bancroft, 
the  right  to  keep  ferries  was  granted  as  follows :  "To 
D.  W.  Lichtenthaler  and  John  C.  Smith,  across  Snake 
river  opposite  Powder  river ;  to  Green  White  and  C.  R. 
Driggs,  across  Snake  river  at  mouth  of  Grande  Ronde 
river  ;  to  John  Messenger  and  Walter  H.  Manly,  across 
Salmon  river  on  the  Nez  Perce  trail  to  Fort  Boise; 
to  Gilmore  Hays,  across  Snake  river  within  one  mile 
from  the  junction  of  the  Clearwater;  to  E.  H.  Lewis 
and  Egbert  French,  across  the  Columbia,  near  The 
Dalles;  to  J.  T.  Hicklin,  across  the  Yakima  between 
the  mouths  of  the  Ahtanaham  and  Nachess ;  to  W.  D. 
Bigelow,  across  Snake  river  on  the  territorial  road  from 
Walla  Walla  to  Colville :  to  Lyman  Shaffer  and  W.  F. 
Bassett,  across  the  south  branch  of  the  Clearwater  on 
the  main  wagon  road  from  Lewiston  to  Oro  Fino;  to 
Orrington  Cashman  on  the  same  stream  at  or  near  the 
camp  of  Lawyer  ;  to  W.  W.  DeLacy  and  Jared  S.  Kurd, 
on  Snake  river  at  some  point  between  Grande  Ronde 
'  and  Powder  rivers,  to  be  selected  by  them  ;  W.  W.  De- 
Lacy and  associates  on  Salmon  river;  to  George  A. 
Tykel,  to  grade  a  bluff  of  Snake  river  in  constructing 
a  wagon  road  and  establishing  a  ferry  over  the  same 
near  the  mouth  of  Powder  river ;  to  Richard  Holmes 
and  fames  Clinton,  across  Salmon  river  on  the  Indian 
trail  from  Lapwai  to  Grande  Ronde  valley;  to  John 
Drumhaller,  on  the  main  Clearwater,  two  miles  above 
Lewiston :  to  W.  Greenville,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of 
Slate  creek  on  Salmon  river;  to  Sanford  Owens,  to 
build  a  bridge  across  the  south  branch  of  the  Clear- 
water  on  the  road  from  Lewiston  to  Elk  City.  The 
rates  for  foot  passengers  on  these  ferries  were  gener- 
ally 50  cents ;  loose  cattle,  50  cents ;  two-horse  wagon, 
$2.50;  four-horse  wagon,  $4.50;  horse  and  buggy, 
$2.25  ;  pack  animal,  75  cents." 

The  men  who  had  wrought  this  development,  being 
ambitions  to  become  the  founders  and  builders  of  a 
new  state,  early  began  to  point  out  the  inconvenience  to 
themselves  of  Olympia  as  a  capital,  the  diversity  of 
interest  between  them  and  the  Puget  Sound  people  and 
the  adaptability  of  their  region  to  autonomv.  They  in- 
structed their  representatives  in  the  territorial  legis- 
lature to  advocate  the  sending  of  a  memorial  to  Con- 
gress asking  that  the  eastern  portion  of  the  territory  be 
set  off  and  organized  into  a  new  territory.  However, 
the  legislators  in  general  thought  that  the  interior  had 
need  of  the  sound  as  a  seaboard,  and  that  no  benefit 
could  result  to  it  from  political  segregation ;  on  the 


other  hand  such  would  prove  a  decided  detriment  to  the 
sound.  The  memorial,  therefore,  was  not  sanctioned 
by  the  majority,  and  the  movement  failed.  Neverthe- 
less discontent  still  continued,  and  on  March  3,  1863, 
the  territory  of  Idaho  was  organized  by  act  of  Congress. 
The  origin  of  the  euphonious  name  anplied  to  the  new 
political  entity  is  a  matter  of  dispute,  but  it  is  generally 
supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of  an  Indian  word  signify- 
ing gem  or  diadem  of  the  niountains,  referring  to  the 
lustrous  rim  of  the  crests  of  the  north  Idaho  uplands 
at  sunrise  on  a  fair  day.  The  name  was  applied  to  one 
of  the  counties  organized  by  the  Washington  legisla- 
ture in  1861,  which  county  formed  part  of  the  new 
territory.  But  whatever  the  origin  of  the  word  or  its 
exact  English  signification,  the  people  of  this  rich  and 
prosperous  state  have  reason  to  be  highly  pleased  with 
the  poetic  name  chosen  for  it  by  the  United  States 
Congress. 

The  creating  act  was  exceedingly  liberal  in  the 
extent  of  territory  it  bestowed  upon  the  new  political 
entity,  the  official  boundaries  of  which  were  described 
as  follows: 

"All  that  part  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States 
included  within  the  following  limits,  to-wit :  Begin- 
ning at  a  point  in  the  middle  channel  of  the  Snake  river, 
where  the  north  boundary  of  Oregon  intersects  the 
same ;  then  following  down  the  said  channel  of  Snake 
river  to  a  point  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Kooskoospier 
(Kooskooskie)  or  Clearwater  river,  thence  due  north 
to  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  latitude,  thence  east  along 
said  parallel  to  the  twenty-seventh  degree  of  longitude 
west  of  Washington ;  thence  south  along  said  degree  of 
longitude  to  the  northern  boundary  of  Colorado  terri- 
tory;  thence  west  along  said  boundary  to  the  thirty- 
third  degree  of  longitude  west  of  Washington,  thence 
north  along  said  degree  to  the  forty-second  parallel 
of  latitude:  thence  west  along  said  parallel  to 
the  eastern  boundary  of  the  state  of  Oregon." 
From  this  it  will  '  be  seen  that  the  original 
original  Idaho  extended  over  thirteen  degrees  of  longi- 
tude and  seven  of  latitude.  Its  area  was  given  as 
326,373  square  miles,  which  was  greater  than  that  pos- 
sessed by  any  other  state  or  territory  in  the  Union.  "It 
was  not,"  says  Bancroft,  "regarded  with  favor  by  any 
class  of  men,  not  even  the  most  earth-hungry.  Over 
its  arid  plains  and  among  its  fantastic  unheavals  of 
volcanic  rocks  roamed  savage  tribes.  Of  the  climate 
little  was  known,  and  that  little  was  unfavorable,  from 
the  circumstance  that  the  fur  companies,  who  spent 
the  winters  in  certain  localities  in  the  mountains,  re- 
garded all  others  as  inhospitable,  and  the  immigrants 
judged  of  it  by  the  heat  and  drought  of  midsummer." 
The  initial  winter  spent  by  miners  in  the  northern  part 
was  one  of  great  severity,  the  temperature  being  un- 
comfortably low,  the  snows  deep  and  the  floods  de- 
structive. Even  the  scenery  was  so  wild,  weird  and 
rugged  as  to  seem  unattractive  to  persons  habituated 
to  more  delicate  environs,  and  the  conditions  on  the 
whole  were  such  as  to  create  an  unpleasant  impression 
in  the  public  mind. 

Of  this  vast  country,  imperial  in  its  extent,  gigantic 
in  its  mold  and  possessed  of  a  wealth  of  undeveloped 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


35 


resources  but  dimly  surmised  at  the  time,  Lewiston  was 
made  the  capital.  To  this  infant  town  of  two  years, 
a  town  of  canvas  walls  and  rude  primitive  structures, 
of  dens  of  unbridled  vice  and  iniquity,  a  town  which 
just  before  had  had  to  resort  to  a  vigilance  committee 
in  order  to  cow  the  rough  element,  to  such  a  town  was 
given  the  honor  of  posing  as  the  seat  of  government  of 
a  region  more  than  twice  as  large  as  California  and 
seven  times  the  size  of  the  Empire  state,  and,  "taken 
altogether,  the  most  grand,  wonderful,  romantic  and 
mysterious  part  of  the  domain  enclosed  within  the 
Federal  Union." 

More  than  six  months  elapsed  between  the  passage 
of  the  organic  act  and  the  issuance  of  the  proclamation 

22,  1863,  William  H.  Wallace,  who  had  been  appointed 
governor  of  the  territory  by  President  Lincoln,  formally 
organized  the  new  government  by  proclamation.  Pre- 
viously, however,  political  conventions  had  been  called, 
resulting  in  the  nomination  of  Governor  Wallace  for 
delegate  to  Congress  on  the  Republican  ticket,  and 
J.  M.  Cannady  on  the  Democratic.  Wallace  received 
in  the  election  ensuing  a  majority  of  about  500  votes,  a 
result  which  caused  the  promotion  of  Secretary  of  State 
W.  B.  Daniels,  of  Yamhill  county,  Oregon,  to  the  post 
of  acting  governor. 

The  first  session  of  the  Idaho  territorial  legislature 
was  not  distinguished  for  brilliance.  The  laws  enacted 
by  it  were  of  the  regular  routine  kind,  not  specially 
original  in  character,  but  such  as  any  newly  organized 
territory  must  adopt  to  set  the  machinery  of  govern- 
ment in  motion.  A  movement  for  the  sequestration  of 
the  territory  east  of  the  mountains  into  a  separate  or- 
ganization was  begun,  likewise  one  to  move  the  capital 
to  some  point  more  nearly  central  to  the  west  side  resi- 
dents. The  new  territory  was  created  in  1864,  and  an 
act  was  passed  late  that  same  year  removing  the  capital 
to  Boise.  But  of  this  latter,  more  anon. 

According  to  the  usual  custom  the  territory  was, 
granted  three  federal  judges,  each  presiding  over  a  dis- 
trict. Idaho,  Nez  Perces  and  Shoshone  counties  con- 
stituted district  No.  i,  of  which  Justice  A.  C.  Smith  was 
in  charge.  One  of  the  first  acts  the  court  was  called 
upon  to  perform  was  to  try  for  their  lives  three  men  ac- 
cused of  a  foul  and  desperately  wicked  crime,  which 
on  account  of  its  historic  interest' must  now  be  described 
in  some  detail. 

From  the  mystery  and  heroism  of  the  discovery  of 
the  crime  and  the  pursuit  and  capture  of  its  perpe- 
trators and  from  the  fiendish  atrocity  which  character- 
ized the  enactment  of  the  tragedy,  this  Magruder  mur- 
der forms  at  once  the  strangest  and  darkest  chapter 
in  north  Idaho's  criminal  annals.  On  these  accounts, 
doubtless,  and  from  the  fact  that  the  principal  victim 
of  the  awful  outrage  was  a  man  of  such  prominence  in 
northwest  history,  the  affair  is  well  remembered  by  all 
old  pioneers,  its  details  having  impressed  themselves 
so  deeply  upon  their  minds  that  the  lapse  of  nearly 
four  decades  has  not  sufficed  to  erase  them.  The  horri- 
ble deed  and  its  sequel  bring  into  bold  relief  the  dark 
depths  into  which  abandoned  humanity  sometimes  falls, 
and  the  courage,  tenacity  and  ingenuity  of  the  best  de- 


veloped representatives  of  the  pioneer,  when,  animated 
by  pure  motives,  he  sets  out  to  accomplish  a  desperate 
object.  All  the  leading  characters  in  this  tragedy  were 
men  of  unusual  prominence  in  their  way.  Lloyd  Ma- 
gruder, the  victim,  was  credited  by  practically  all  the 
early  miners  with  the  honor  of  having  been  the  first 
trail-maker  into  Canyon  creek  and  the  leader  of  the 
party  which  discovered  the  immensely  rich  John  Day 
mines.  Coming  to  north  Idaho  in  the  spring  of  1862, 
he  became  a  merchant  of  prominence  and  a  packer  of 
intrepedity.  To  the  perpetrators  of  the  crime,  the 
devils  of  the  tragedy,  no  one  will  deny  the  right  to  a 
bad  eminence  among  those  of  their  character.  Hill 
Beachy,  the  avenger  of  the  terrible  deed,  proved  himself 
not  only  a  man  endowed  with  all  the  noblest  qualities 
of  manhood,  but  one  with  a  mysterious  development  of 
the  intuitive  faculties  and  a  rare  genius  for  detective 
work.  The  ingenuity  and  courage  displayed  in  bring- 
ing the  Magruder  murderers  to  justice  shows  that  had 
circumstances  led  him  into  the  secret  service  he  might 
have  performed  feats  rivaling  those  attributed  to  the 
heroes  of  romance. 

In  the  summer  of  1863  Magruder  set  out  for  the 
Bannock  mines  with  a  pack  train  of  fifty  animals  laden 
with  miner's  supplies.  A  long,  hard  journey  brought 
him  safely  to  his  destination,  but  disappointment  met 
him  there.  True  to  their  nomadic  habits,  the  miners 
had  gone  to  the  latest  center  of  interest,  the  Alder 
gulch  placers  at  Virginia  Citv,  almost  completely  de- 
serting Bannock.  Thither  Magruder  followed  them. 
He  found  a  prosperous  camp  of  several  thousand  in- 
habitants, ready  to  purchase  his  wares  as  soon  as  these 
were  exposed  for  sale.  Soon  he  found  himself  in  pos- 
session of  several  thousand  dollars  in  gold  dust  and 
about  seventy-five  mules.  When  ready  to  start  upon 
the  home  journey  he  was  joined  by  Charles  Allen, 
William  Phillips  and  two  young  men,'  who  were  after- 
ward referred  to  in  the  indictment  as  unknown,  but 
who  proved  to  be  Horace  and  Robert  Chalmers,  recent 
arrivals  from  Booneville,  Missouri.  Besides  those  men- 
tioned there  were  in  the  company  Daniel  Howard, 
familiarly  known  as  "Doc,"  whose  real  name  was 
Renton,  Christopher  Lower  (or  Lowry),  James  Ro- 
maine  and  William  Page.  Page  had  met  Magruder  at 
Bannock  about  the  middle  of  September,  and  five  or 
six  days  later  at  Virginia  City,  where  he  had  assisted 
the  merchant  in  stocking  his  store.  His  testimony  is 
the  only  account  we  have  of  the  awful  tragedy  en- 
acted in  the  Bitter  Root  mountains  and  the  events  lead- 
ing up  to  it.  The  story  told  by  him  was  complete  and 
circumstantial,  bearing  the  stamp  of  truthfulness  upon 
its  face,  and  proving  its  narrator  a  man  of  remarkable 
memory.  The  transcrint  of  it,  taken  in  court,  is.  how- 
ever, very  brief  and  not  at  all  clear  on  some  points. 
Page  states  that  Renton,  Lower  and  Romaine  were 
in  Virginia  City  during  the  latter  part  of  the  summer, 
and  that  they  stayed  around  Magruder's  store  at  least 
a  portion  of  "the  time.  There  is  "reason  to  believe  that 
they  left  Lewiston  with  no  other  intent  than  to  murder 
Magruder  and  take  his  money.  Their  presence  about 
his  store  was  probably  due  to  their  desire  to  ingratiate 
themselves  into  his  confidence  that  they  might  the  bet- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ter  accomplish  their  designs.  If  this  was  their  object 
they  certainly  succeeded  well,  for  Magruder  seems  to 
have  never  suspected  them  in  the  slightest,  though  it 
is  said  that  he  was  warned  by  a  man  named  Baker 
against  traveling  with  them,  as  they  were  tough  men. 
Magruder  heard  that  Page  was  going  to  Lewiston, 
and  employed  him  to  assist  in  driving  through  the 
horses  and  mules. 

There  was  nothing  untoward  in  their  start  for  home 
and  friends  nor  hint  of  approaching  tragedy  in  the  face 
of  laughing  nature  as  they  set  out  from  Virginia  City 
on  that  bright  autumn  morning.  No  intuitive  sense 
of  danger,  no  dark  forebodings  of  any  kind  disturbed 
the  equipoise  of  Magruder's  mind.  The  exhilaration 
of  the  crisp  air  and  bright  sunshine  was  no  doubt  felt 
by  him  and  his  companions,  though  there  were  those 
among  the  latter  into  the  blackness  of  whose  dark  souls 
no  beams  of  light  could  ever  penetrate. 

Those  who  started  with  Magruder  on  October  3d 
were  Page,  Renton,  Romaine,  William  Phillips  and 
the  two  brothers.  At  Beaverhead,  where  they  camped 
the  first  night,  they  were  joined  by  Charles  Allen,  and 
the  next  dav  at  Rattlesnake  they  met  Christopher 
Lower.  The  party  proceeded  that  day  to  the  vicinity 
of  Bannock,  where  they  remained  two  or  three  days 
while  Magruder  was  buying  mules  and  attending  to 
other  business.  About  the  8th  they  resumed  their  jour- 
ney. "There  were  nine  of  us,"  said  Page,  "Lower, 
Renton,  Romaine,  Phillips,  Allen,  Magruder,  the  two 
brothers  and  myself."  For  three  days  they  traveled 
without  casualty,  meeting  travelers  and  conversing 
with  them  occasionally.  During  the  fourth  Lower 
asked  Page  to  drop  behind,  as  Renton  and  Romaine 
wished  to  speak  to  him.  Page  did  so,  and  was  greatly 

ton  stated  that  Magruder  had  a  great  deal  of  money, 
that  they  purposed  to  have  it,  and  that  he  wished 
Page  to  sleep  with  Phillips.  He  admonished  his 
auditor  not  to  be  frightened,  as  he.  Lower  and  Ro- 
maine would  do  all  the  "dirty  work,"  told  him  that  he 
must  take  no  notice  of  any  noise  he  might  hear  in  the 
night,  but  if  it  became  necessary  he  was  to  shoot 
Phillips  in  the  abdomen.  Several  times  during  the 
day  the  conspirators  told  Page  not  to  be  frightened. 
That  night,  however,  nothing  unusual  transpired.  Next 
day  the  conspirators  again  declared  their  . determina- 
tion to  have  Magruder's  money  and  renewed  their  ad- 
monitions to  Page  against  being  frightened.  After  a 
journey  of  about  thirty  miles  they  camped  in  a  lonely 
spot  in  the  Bitter  Root  mountains  within  a  short  dis- 
tance of  the  point  where  a  view  of  the  north  Idaho 
country  first  greets  the  eye  of  the  traveler.  This  spot 
has  been  rendered  memorable  by  the  commission  upon 
it  of  a  deed  seldom  equaled  or  surpassed  for  cold- 
blooded atrocity. 

The  transcript  of  Page's  testimony  is  so  incoherent, 
indefinite  and  confused  that  it  is  impossible  to  gain 
from  it  a  clear  and  detailed  idea  of  what  transpired 
during  that  dreadful  night.  It  appears,  however,  that 
it  was  the  turn  of  Magruder  and  Lower  to  guard  the 
animals  throughout  the  first  watch.  Page  said  he  saw 
the  two  start  up  the  hill,  Lower  ahead  with  an  axe. 


The  latter  had  given  as  an  excuse  for  taking  the 
weapon  along  that  he  wished  to  fence  the  trail  so  as 
to  prevent  the  escape  of  the  mules  and  to  build  a  fire. 
The  other  travelers  went  to  bed  as  usual.  About  mid- 
night, as  he  thought,  Page  heard  somebody  coming 
down  the  hill,  and  on  investigation  found  that  it  was 
Renton  and  Lower.  Renton  lay  down  upon  the  blan- 
kets with  Romaine,  but  soon  both  got  up  and  passed 
by  Page  with  axes  in  their  hands.  They  went  in  the 
direction  of  the  two  brothers,  and  forthwith  Page 
heard  blows  and  mournful  groans.  After  a  few  mo- 
ments they  returned  and  lav  down  upon  Page's  bed. 
They  arose  again  shortly.  Renton  shot  Allen  and  Ro- 
maine struck  Phillips  with  an  axe.  Allen  seems  to 
have  been  killed  instantly.  Phillips,  however,  made 
an  outcry  of  murder  after  being  hit,  but  the  repeated 
blows  of  the  heartless  assassin  speedily  silenced  him. 
Page  says  that  as  Romaine  struck  the  first  blow  he 

said  to  his  victim:  "You fool,  I  told  you  at 

Virginia  City  not  to  come.  You  had  no  business  to 
come.  I  wish  that  Jim  Rhodes  had  come,  for  I  have 
wanted  to  kill  him  a  long  time." 

The  assassins  then  directed  Page,  who  had  arisen 
and  dressed,  to  get  ready  such  things  as  they  wished 
to  take  along  with  them.  When  this  was  done  he 
was  next  sent  up  the  hill  to  look  after  the  animals. 
Lower  told  him  that  if  he  would  go  a  long  way  up  he 
would  see  a  fire  to  the  right  hand  of  the  trail,  but  that 
this  marked  the  spot  where  Magruder  was  killed.  On 
his  return  they  asked  him  if  he  had  seen  the  fire.  He 
replied:  "Yes;  it  had  got  to  running  about  among 
the  leaves  and  dry  logs,  and  I  put  it  out."  "That's 
where  the  job  was  done  for  Magruder,"  said  Lower. 
"I  kicked  it  about  to  burn  the  blood  up."  The  assas- 
sins told  Page  they  had  searched  the  bodies  during  his 
absence  and  had  failed  to  find  as  much  money  as  they 
expected.  They  had  tied  Phillips  and  Allen  up  in  a 
tent  cloth  with  picket  ropes.  "I  helped,"  said  Page, 
"to  tie  the  two  brothers  up— helped  Lower  and  Ro- 
maine. They  carried  them  on  a  stick — I  had  hold  of 
the  stick — to  a  large,  flat  rock,  whence  they  were  to  be 
rolled  down  the  hill." 

Throughout  a  great  part  of  the  night  the  four  men 
busied  themselves  in  destroying  evidences  of  their 
crime.  All  the  equipage  not  needed  was  burned  and 
the  ashes  searched  for  rings  and  buckles,  which,  with 
the  excess  tinware  and  other  incombustibles,  were  put 
into  a  sack,  taken  down  the  hill  and  hidden  behind  a 
log.  Renton  and  Lower  disposed  of  Magruder's  body, 
while  Romaine  and  Page  rolled  the  other  bodies  down 
the  canyon.  "I  rolled  Phillips  and  Allen  down,"  said 
Page,  "Romaine,  the  two  brothers."  As  we  were  going 
to  roll  them  down  he  gave  me  a  pair  of  moccasins  to 
put  on,  so  that  if  anybody  saw  traces  they  would  think 
it  the  work  of  Indians." 

At  last  these  grewsome  tasks  were  all  successfully 
accomplished.  Lower  and  Renton  returned  from  dis- 
posing of  Magruder's  remains,  bringing  some  of  the 
mules.  About  twelve  or  fourteen  were  missing,  one 
in  particular  that  thev  wanted,  and  they  spent  some 
time  in  an  unsuccessful  search  for  him.  Soon  after 
they  started  they  began  shooting  the  mules,  which 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


37 


were  following-  the  big  sorrel  lead  horse  that  Page 
was  riding.  Several  were  killed  before  they  got  up 
the  Clearwater  hill  and  the  remainder  were  led  onto  a 
little  prairie  to  one  side  of  the  trail,  where  all  were 
despatched  except  eight  and  one  horse.  The  things 
were  overhauled  thoroughly  on  this  prairie  and  the 
money  estimated.  It  amounted  to  eleven  or  twelve 
thousand  dollars,  Page  understood.  Here  also  the 
handle  was  burned  out  of  Lower's  axe  and  a  new  one 
put  in. 

The  miscreants  went  straight  to  Lewiston,  travel- 
ing with  about  average  speed  and  consuming  several 
days  in  making  the  trip  from  the  scene  of  the  murder. 
It  was  nine  o'clock  when  they  came  into  town.  Renton. 
and  Romaine  looked  for  a  boat  in  which  to  go  down 
the  Snake  river  but  failed  to  find  any.  Page  busied 
himself  in  hunting  for  a  farmer  named  Goodman  (or 
Goodrich),  wishing  to  leave  the  animals  with  him.  He 
eventually  found  the  ranchman  and  bargained  for  the 
keep  of  the  mules  and  horse  until  spring.  Everything 
was  left  in  Goodman's  care,  saddles  and  blankets, 
bridles,  shot  gun,  leggings,  spurs,  etc.  All  four  slept 
at  the  Hotel  de  France  that  night,  and  the  following 
morning  took  the  stage  for  Walla  Walla.  One  of  their 
number  had  secured  the  seats  the  evening  previous, 
having  himself  and  his  companions  waybilled  under 
assumed  names.  The  escape  from  the  dangerous  town 
of  Lewiston,  where  they  were  well  known  and  their 
presence  was  likely  to  excite  suspicion,  was  successfully 
effected.  They  were  now  to  enjoy  in  peace,  as  they 
supposed,  the  fruits  of  their  dastardly  deed. 

How  sadly  were  these  miscreants  to  be  undeceived. 
Their  presence  in  Lewiston  had  become  known,  and 
the  avenger  was  already  on  their  track.  Hill  Beachy 
was  in  the  stage  office  when  the  murderer  stalked  in 
with  an  assumed  swagger,  walked  up  to  the  clerk's 
desk,  threw  down  three  twenties  and  asked  that  he  and 
his  companions  be  waybilled  to  Walla  Walla.  Beachy 
scrutinized  him  carefully  from  behind  the  stove  and 
recognized  him.  He  examined  the  waybill  as  soon 
as  the  man  had  departed.  He  then  proceeded  to  the 
Luna  house  stables,  which  were  in  charge  of  Chester 
P.  Coburn,  from  whom  we  obtained  this  part  of  our. 
story.  "Coburn,"  said  Beachv,  "you  must  persuade 
your  friends  (for  he  had  some  intending  to  take  the 
stage)  not  to  go  on  the  stage  in  the  morning." 

"Why?"  asked  the  man  addressed  with  eager  inter- 
est. 

"Because  there  is  danger  in  the  air."  Beachy  then 
communicated  his  discoveries  and  suspicions.  The 
•  two  men  together  visited  the  other  stables  of  the  town, 
but  no  trace  of  the  animals  the  men  had  ridden  could 
be  found.  Neither  had  the  ferryman  brought  them 


s  the  r 


ver. 


"Well,"  said  Beachv  finallv,  "trv  to  keen  your 
friends  here  until  the  next  stage.  Have  they  any 
money?" 

"Yes,  one  of  them  has  $2,500  I  know  of  and  the 
other  may  have  some  ;  but  they  won't  stay,  because  the 
boat  leaves  Portland  for  'Frisco  only  every  two  weeks, 
and  if  they  miss  this  stage  they  will  have  'to  lay  over." 

"Well,  then,  tell  them  our  suspicions  and  warn 


them  to  be  sure  to  take  the  back  seat  and  keep  their 
guns  handy;  also  let  the  others  get  in  the  coach  first. 
Tell  them  to  keep  a  close  watch  all  the  time." 

So,  when  Mr.  Coburn  awoke  his  friends  the  next 
morning  a  little  after  one  o'clock,  he  communicated  to 
them  his  fears.  They  got  into  the  stage  at  the  stables, 
taking  the  back  seat.  Beachv  and  Coburn  rode  the 
brake  blocks  to  the  hotel.  There  the  four  strangers, 
closely  muffled,  took  their  places,  the  horses  were  given 
the  reins  and  the  sextette  and  driver  were  speedily 
borne  out  into  the  night.  As  the  coach  rolled  away 
Beachy  remarked  to  his  companion  that  he  thought 
there  was  no  danger  of  a  robbery,  as  the  men  seemed 
to  have  considerable  gold  with  them.  But  Beachy  felt 
instinctively  that  something  was  wrong,  and  very  soon 
a  suspicion  took  hold  of  him  that  either  Magruder  or 
Ankeny  was  murdered  and  that  these  men  were  the 
murderers.  All  night  he  and  Mr.  Coburn  continued 
their  investigations.  At  daybreak  Mose  Druilard  was 
despatched  over  the  trail  to  seek  tidings  of  Captain 
Ankeny,  an  Oro  Fino  merchant,  and  another  messen- 
ger, named  Schull,  was  sent  toward  Elk  City  in  search 
of  news  about  Magruder. 

Later  in  the  day  in  which  the  suspicious  characters 
left  by  stage  the  continued  investigation  of  Beachy 
and  Coburn  resulted  in  the  discovery  that  the  men  had 
left  their  horses  in  charge  of  Mr.  Goodman  and  that 
Goodman  had  just  moved  the  animals  and  trappings 
out  to  his  place  in  Tammany  hollow,  a  short  distance 
south  of  Lewiston.  The  horses  and  accoutrements 
were  soon  brought  into  town,  where  one  of  the  animals 
was  identied  as  having  been  Magruder's  property.  A 
saddle  also  was  thought  to  be  his.  This,  was  enough  for 
Beachy.  He  swore  out  warrants  for  the  four  men, 
obtained  requisition  papers  from  Governor  Wallace  at 
the  Capitol  and  set  out  in  pursuit,  determined  to  fol- 
low the  quartette  until  he  had  effected  their  arrest. 
He  was  accompanied  as  far  as  Portland  by  Thomas 
Pike.  By  every  possible  means  he  accelerated  his 
speed.  At  The  Dalles  he  arrived  just  in  time  to  miss 
the  steamer,  though  he  learned  that  his  men  had  passed 
that  way  and  knew  that  he  was  on  the  right  track. 
When  he  reached  Portland  he  found  on  inquiry  that 
the  miscreants  had  left  on  the  steamer,  which  had  de- 
parted for  San  Francisco  just  two  hours  before  his 
arrival.  Meanwhile  he  had  been  joined  bv  Captain 
A.  P.  Ankenv.  who  had  reached  Lewiston  in  safety 
the  day  of  Beachy's  departure,  and  together  they  con- 
sulted hastily  and  decided  upon  a  plan  of  action.  It 
was  determined  that  Captain  Ankeny  should  attempt 
in  a  tug  boat  to  intercept  the  ocean  steamer  at  the  bar 
in  case  adverse  winds  had  detained  her,  while  Beachy 
made  preparations  for  the  overland  trip  to  San  Fran- 
cisco in  case  of  Ankeny's  failure.  Ankeny's  tug  arrived 
too  late,  as  the  steamer  had  gone  out  to  sea  without  de- 
lay. Accordingly  Beachy  started.  There  was  no  tele- 
graph nearer  than  Yreka,  California,  and  consequently 
no  rest  for  the  grim  pursuer  until  that  point  was 
reached.  Arrived  at  last,  he  wired  descriptions  of  the 
men  to  the  San  Francisco  police.  The  telegrams  did 
not  arrive  until  after  the  boat  had  landed,  but  the  de- 
scriptions were  such  as  to  enable  the  police  to  identify 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


their  men  with  ease,  and  soon  the  culprits  were  behind 
prison  bars.  Beachy  got  custody  of  the  men  after  some 
delay  and  started  back  to  Lewiston  with  them.  At 
Walla  Walla  an  escort  of  soldiers  was  furnished  him. 
The  party  reached  Lewiston  during  the  early  days  of 
December  and  was  met  by  the  vigilantes  of  that  town, 
but  Beachy  stoutly  defended  his  prisoners,  telling  the 
people  he  had  promised  the  men  a  regular  trial.  The 
vigilantes  eventually  decided  to  withdraw  and  trust 
the  courts  to  administer  justice.  The  prisoners  were 
confined  in  upstairs  rooms  of  the  Luna  house,  Page  by 
himself.  The  last  mentioned  turned  state's  evidence, 
and  it  was  essential  that  no  opportunity  be  allowed  his 
partners  in  guilt  to  intimidate  him,  as  he  was  the  main 
reliance  of  the  prosecution.  Renton,  Lower  and  Ro- 
maine  maintained  an  attitude  of  sullen  indifference 
throughout  their  incarceration,  declining  to  affirm  or 
deny  the  grave  charges  against  them.  Romaine  was  a 
schoolmate  of  Mrs.  Beachy  and  hoped  for  some  clem- 
ency on  this  account. 

The  following  incident  is  related  as  throwing  light 
on  the  character  of  Lower.  The  officers  had  one  day 
conceived  the  idea  of  securing  photographs  of  the  pris- 
oners. The  subject  was  broached  to  the  men,  who 
listened  intently  and  then  announced  that  they  would* 
not  consent  to  give  the  photographer  a  sitting.  Several 
efforts  were  made  to  secure  their  acquiescense,  but 
each  failed,  until  finally  one  day  Lower  said  he  would 
sit,  so  word  was  sent  to  the  photographer  at  Walla 
Walla,  who  arrived  in  a  short  time  with  his  outfit. 
Lower  was  sent  to  a  tent  near  the  Luna  house.  The 
photographer  set  up  his  machine  and  prepared  to  take 
the  picture.  Lower  posed  willingly.  When  all  was 
in  readiness  the  artist  stepped  into  the  dark  room  to 
fill  the  plate-holder.  Suddenly  Lower  jumped  from 
his  chair,  rushed  over  to  the  camera,  and,  picking  it 
up,  dashed  it  to  pieces. 

The  sheriff  and  the  photographer  rushed  over  to 
the  man,  and  the  former  inquired :  "Why  did  you  do 
that,  Lower?"  With  a  demoniacal  grin  Lower  replied: 
"I  thought  it  was  loaded."  No  further  attempts  were 
made  to  photograph  the  murderer  or  his  comrades. 

In  due  course  the  case  against  the  three  accused 
men  came  on  for  adjudication.  The  grand  jury  had 
no  difficulty  in  returning  an  indictment,  as  the  evidence 
cf  Page  was  direct  and  satisfactory.  In  the  trial  fol- 
lowing Samuel  C.  Parks,  the  judge  of  the  Second 
judicial  district,  presided  in  place  of  A.  C.  Smith,  of 
the  First  district,  who  was  absent.  J.  W.  Anderson 
and  W.  W.  Thayer  appeared  as  attorneys. for  the  de- 
fendants— Renton,  alias  Howard,  Lower  and  Romaine. 
Prosecutor  Gray  was  assisted  by  Attorneys  Rheems 
and  Kelly.  The  jury  finally  selected  to  try  the  case 
was  composed  of  George  H.  Sandy,  foreman;  Henry 
Hershell.  Francis  Gabe,  Joseph  '  Wagner,  Michael 
Leitch,  Samuel  Ramsey,  Nathan  W.  Earl,  J.  P.  Shock- 
ly,  John  Mooney,  Ezekiel  Beam,  Henry  Myers  and  W. 
B.  Holbrook.  On  the  evening  of  January  23d  the  case 
was  given  to  the  jury,  which,  after  a  short  absence  from 
the  trial  room,  returned  a  verdict  of  "guilty  of  murder 
in  the  first  degree,  as  charged  in  the  indictment,  and 
that  the  punishment  therefor  shall  be  death."  Three 


days  later  the  convicted  men  were  sentenced  to  be 
hanged  on  the  4th  of  the  following  March,  on  which 
date  they  were  led  to  a  scaffold  erected  near  the  spot 
on  which  Judge  Poe's  residence  now  stands,  on  ground 
now  owned  by  John  P.  Vollmer.  Several  hundred  citi- 
zens had  gathered  to  witness  the  vindication  of  justice 
and  a  company  of  soldiers  from  Fort  Laowai  was  pres- 
ent, also  a  number  of  Indians  from  the  reservation. 
Before  the  trap  was  sprung  the  condemned  men  were 
asked  if  they  had  anything  to  say.  Lower  with  charac- 
teristic bravado  replied:  "Launch  your  old  boat;  it's 
nothing  but  an  old  mud  scow  anyhow."  This  mis- 
creant also  left  a  letter  to  be  opened  after  his  death, 
which  was  found  to  be  extremely  obscene  and  insult- 
ing in  its  language.  Page,  who  escaped  the  scaffold  by 
betraying  his  companions  in  guilt,  was  foully  mur- 
dered' by  a  man  named  Albert  Igo,  with  whom  he 
had  quarreled  previously,  and  such  was  the  prejudice 
against  the  murdered  man  that  no  very  energetic  ef- 
forts were  made  to  apprehend  his  slayer,  notwithstand- 
ing the  cowardly  manner  in  which  the  crime  had  been, 
committed.  The  vigilance  committee,  seeing  by  the  ' 
result  of  the  trial  of  Magruder's  murderers  that  the 
courts  were  disposed  to  mete  out  justice,  disbanded 
soon  after  the  execution,  and  though  there  have  been 
lynchings  since,  the  days  of  popular  tribunals  in  north 
Idaho  were  over. 

The  following  May  Sheriff  James  H.  Fisk  and  Hill 
Beachy  took  Page  to  the  scene  of  the  tragedy.  The 
remains  of  the  victims  were  found  in  the  places  indi- 
cated by  the  testimony.  The  entire  locality  tallied  with 
Page's  descriptions ;  the  sack  of  rings,  buckles  and  tin- 
ware was  discovered  under  the  log  as  he  had  said ;  in 
fact  the  story  was  corroborated  in  every  detail  by  mute 
but  truthful  witnesses.  It  was  by  a  notebook  found  on 
the  person  of  one  of  the  Chalmers  brothers  that  the 
identity  of  these  unfortunate  young  men  was  estab- 
lished. 

It  is  pleasing  to  add  that  the  efficient  services  of  the 
brave  Beachy  did  not  go  unrewarded.  Five  weeks  of 
unremitting  effort  had  been  expended  bv  him.  as  well 
as  considerable  sums  of  money,  in  the  capture  of  the 
murderous  quartette.  For  his  reimbursement  and  com- 
pensation there  was  appropriated  out  of  the  territorial 
treasury,  by  an  act  approved  February  2,  1864,  $6,244. 

The  population  of  southern  Idaho,  induced  thither 
in  flocks  by  the  discovery  and  development  of  the 
mines  of  Boise  basin  and  other  districts,  was  greatly 
swelled  during  the  early  part  of  1864  bv  immense  im- 
migrations from  the  southern  states.  The  results  of 
this  infusion  of  secession  sentiment  may  be  easily  im-  • 
agined.  The  political  complexion  of  the  entire 'state 
was  changed  and  a  disturbing  element  introduced  into 
society  in  general,  making  good  government  for  the 
time  an  impossibility.  It  is  stated  that  in  southern 
Idaho  it  was  all  a  man's  life  was  worth  to  express 
Union  sentiments  in  a  demonstrative  wav,  and  the 
number  of  homicides  in  Boise  countv  alone  during  1864 
is  said  by  Bancroft  to  have  exceeded  twenty,  "with 
assaults  and  robberies  a  long  list."  To  combat  this  dis- 
loyal sentiment  as  much  as  lay  in  its  power  the  district 
court  held  in  that  county  exacted  of  persons  applying 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  practice  in  it  as  attorneys  that  they  subscribe  to  the 
following  oath :  "I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that 
I  will  support  and  defend  the  constitution  and  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  against  all  enemies,  whether 
domestic  or  foreign;  that  I  will  bear  true  faith,  alle- 
giance and  loyalty  to  the  same,  any  ordinance,  resolu- 
tion or  law  of  any  state  or  convention  or  legislature 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding;  and  further  that  I 
do  this  with  a  full  determination,  pledge  and  purpose, 
without  any  mental  reservation  or  evasion  whatever; 
and  further,  that  I  will  well  and  truly  perform  all  du- 
ties which  may  be  required  of  me  by  law,  so  help  me 
God." 

But  no  oath  could  be  required  which  would  deprive 
the  citizens,  however  disloyal  or.  unworthy,  of  political 
rights.  Just  one  Union  man  was  elected  to  the  legis- 
lative assembly  in  the  election  of  1864.  Soon  the  gov- 
erning body  of  Idaho,  being  composed  largely  of  men 
at  variance  with  the  general  government,  and  careless 
of  the  responsibilities  of  their  positions,  entered  upon 
a  career  of  infamy  comparable  only  to  the  carpet-bag 
governments  which  shortly  afterward  came  into  power 
in  the  south.  "The  third'  session,"  a  writer  is  quoted 
as  having  said,  "was  by  all  good  men,  irrespective  of 
party,  pronounced  infamous,  but  this  one  (the  fourth) 
is  satanic."  The  governors,  acting  under  federal  ap- 
pointment, were,  of  course,  loyal  men,  thoueh  some  of 
them  had  nothing  else  to  their  credit.  They  could 
and  did  veto  bills  at  open  variance  with  the  constitu- 
tion, the  organic  act  or  the  plain  interests  of  the  people. 
These  were  in  general  passed  without  the  governor's 
signature,  but  fortunately  ran  up  against  an  insur- 
mountable barrier  in  the  United  States  Congress,  which 
had  the  power  to  nullify  such  acts  of  territorial  legisla- 
tures as  failed  to  meet  its  approval. 

Happily  north  Idaho  was  not  distracted  and  torn 
in  any  such  manner  by  the  inroads  of  an  army  of  dis- 
loyal people.  That  part  of  the  territory  had  had  its 
era  of  bloodshed  and  anarchy.  Now,  however,  the 
ruffian  elements  had  gone  to  the  Boise  basin,  Montana 
and  elsewhere,  stable  local  governments  were  being  es- 
tablished, the  miners  were  busily  engaged  in  garnering 
the  wealth  of  their  claims  and  the  entire  community 
was  settling  down  to  an  era  of  quiet  progress  and  the 
evolution  of  a  law-abiding,  social  esprit  de  corps.  But 
north  Idaho  was  far  from  pleased  with  the  doings  of 
its  legislature.  The  act  which  most  deeply  incensed 
the  people  of  this  section  was  that  depriving  Lewiston 
of  its  proud  prestige  as  the  seat  of  government,  which 
act,  approved  December  7,  1864,  title  omitted,  was 
indited  thus: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  legislative  assembly  of 
the  territory  of  Idaho,  as  follows :  That  the  capitol 
of  the  territory  of  Idaho  be  and  the  same  is  hereby 
permanently  located  at  Boise  City,  in  the  county  o'f 
Boise  and  said  territory  of  Idaho. 

"Section  2.  The  capitol  buildings  are  hereby  lo- 
cated on  the  grounds  known  in  and  described  on  the 
plot  of  said  Boise  City,  as  the  Capitol  Square,  and  the 
Honorables  Caleb  Lyon,  C.  B.  White  and  J.  M.  Ken- 
edy  are  hereby  appointed  as  commissioners  to  receive 
a  deed  to  said  Capitol  Square,  and  such  other  grounds 


as  may  be  deemed  necessary  to  hold  in  trust  for  the 
Territory,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  the  capitol  build- 
ings aforesaid. 

"Section  3.  The  Secretary  of  said  Territory  is 
hereby  authorized  to  immediately  draw  a  warrant  upon 
the  treasurer  of  the  territory  for"  such  sum,  not  exceed- 
ing the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars,  as  shall  be  neces- 
sary to  remove  the  papers,  books,  documents  and  other 
property  belonging  to  his  office  to  said  Boise  City. 

"Section  4.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  from  and 
after  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  December,  A.  D.,  1864." 

Naturally  the  measure"  above  quoted  was  received 
with  great  disfavor  by  the  citizens  of  north  Idaho  in 
general  and  those  of  Lewiston  in  particular.  As  is 
customary  in  such  cases  the  parties  aggrieved  by  the 
act  of  the  legislature  resorted  to  the  courts,  hoping 
thereby  to  win  their  point.  Referring  to  this  litiga- 
tion some  years  later,  Alonzo  Leland,  through  the  col- 
umns of  his  paper,  The  Teller,  reviewed  the  case  as 
follows : 

"The  last  part  of  the  nth  section  of  the  organic 
act  of  Idaho  reads  thus:  'And  no  expenditure  shall 
be  made  by  said  legislative  assembly  for  objects  not 
specially  authorized  by  the  acts  of  congress  making  the 
appropriations  nor  beyond  the  sums  thus  appropriated 
for  such  objects'.  The  whole  of  said  section  makes 
provision  for  the  expenses  of  our  territorial  govern- 
ment, including  the  governor,  secretary,  judges,  leg- 
islative members,  clerks  and  other  officers,  and  all  con- 
tingent expenses  including  rents  of  buildings  for  the 
meeting  of  the  legislature  and  offices  for  other  officers 
of  the  United  States,  and  these  appropriations  are 
made  upon  estimates  made  by  the  secretary  of  the 
treasury  annually,  and  the  legislative  assembly  cannot, 
in  the  language  of  the  act,  expend  money  'for  objects 
not  specially  authorized  by  acts  of  congress  nor  can 
that  body  aro  beyond  the  sums  thus  appropriated  for 
such  objects.' 

"The  organic  act  says  that  'the  legislative  assembly 
of  the  territory  shall  hold  its  first  session  at  such  time 
and  place  in  said  territory  as  the  governor  shall  ap- 
point and  direct.'  Governor  Wallace,  by  proclamation, 
duly  ordered  that  the  first  legislature  convene  at  Lew- 
iston, on  the  7th  day  of  December,  1863.  They  so  con- 
vened and  held  their  session  60  days,  and  passed  an  act 
providing  that  their  next  legislature  should  convene 
on  the  second  Monday  in  November,  1864.  The  or- 
ganic act  further  savs  'and  at  said  first  session  or  as 
soon  thereafter  as  they  deem  expedient,  the  governor 
and  legislative  assembly  shall  proceed  to  locate  and  es- 
tablish the  seat  of  government  for  said  territory  at 
such  place  as  they  may  deem  eligible;  provided,  that 
the  seat  of  government  fixed  by  the  governor  and  leg- 
islative assembly  shall  not  be  at  any  time  changed  ex- 
cept by  an  act  of  the  said  assembly  duly  passed,  and 
which  shall  be  approved  after  clue  notice,  at  the  first 
general  election  thereafter,  by  a  majority  of  the  legal 
votes  cast  on  that  question.' 

"At  the  first  session  an  attempt  was  made  to  pass 
an  act  to  remove  the  seat  of  government,  but  the  at- 
tempt failed  and  the  second  legislature  met  at  Lewis- 
ton  in  November,  1864.  During  that  session  they  es- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


saved  to  pass  an  act  permanently  locating  the  capi- 
tol  of  Idaho  Territory  at  Boise  City,  and  the  governor 
signed  the  bill,  without  making  any  provision  for 
submitting  the  question  to  the  people  for  ratification, 
and  attempted  to  move  the  seal  and  archives,  where- 
upon a  suit  to  enjoin  the  removal  was  brought  on  the 
part  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  restrain 
them,  and  was  heard  in  the  district  court,  at  the  April 
term  of  the  court  in  1865. 

"Following   is   the   bill   of   complaint   filed   in   the 
court : 


Idaho,  pe  M.omeroydator  paintiff,  vs  Caleb  Lyon, 
of  Lycmsdale,  governor  of  Idaho  Territory,  and  S.  D.  Coch- 
ran,  acting  secretary  of  Idaho  Territory,  or  any  person  acting 

"'  SIn  thePDistnct  Courtof  the  First  Judicial  District,  Terri- 
tory of  Idaho,  county  of  Nez  Perce,  A.  C.  Smith,  presiding. 

torney8for  the^irat  Judidd  °Dfstrict,  of  the  Territory  of 

Idaho,  having  been  duly  sworn,  in  behalf  of  the  people  of  said 
territory,  would  respectfully  show  to  the  court  : 

gress  of  the  United  States  passed  an  act  creating  the  terri- 
tory of  Idaho;  subsequent  to  which  creation  said  territory 
was  duly  organized  by  the  appointment  of  a  governor,  secre- 
tary and  other  officers  and  on  or  about  the  loth  day  of  July, 
A.  D.,  1863,  said  governor  and  secretary  arrived  at  Lewis- 
ton  in  said  territory  and  there  temporarily  located  the  seat 
of  government  cl  said  territory,  from  which  place  the  said 
governor  issued  his  proclamation  for  an  election  of  members 
of  the  Council  and  House  of  Representatives  to  convene  at 
said  Lewiston  on  the  7th  day  of  December,  A.  D.,  1863,  and 
qualify  and  organize  as  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  said 
territory. 

and  said  legislators  convened  at  Lewiston  on  the  7th  day  of 
December  aforesaid,  and  qualified  as  members  of  said  as- 
sembly and  proceeded  to  the  business  of  legislation  for  the 

ing  said  territory  of  Idaho,  'the  term  of  service  of  each  mem- 
ber of  the  legislative  council  was  to  continue  two  years,  and 
the  term  of  service  of  each  member  of  the  House  of  Repre- 

The  said  legislative  assembly  at  said  first  session  passed 
an  act  in  conformity  with  said  organic  act,  creating  sundry 
offices  for  said  territory  among  which  were  the  offices  of 
council-men  and  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
and  limiting  their  term  of  service  respectively  to  two  and  one 
years.  Said  assembly  further  passed  an  act  relative  to  elec- 

of  the  House  or  Representatives  on  the  first  Monday  in  Sep- 
tember annually,  which  act  provides  as  follows: 

"The  term  of  office  of  all  officers  elected  shall  begin  on 
the  first  Monday  in  January  next  ensuing,  unless  some  other 
" 


, 

sembly  of  the  territory  shall 

of  November  ot   each  year,  at  the  territorial   capital,  at  the 
hour  of  twelve  o'clock  M." 

Congress  during  its  session  in  1863-64,  passed  an  act 
amendatorv  to  the  organic  act  creating  Idaho  territory,  which 
deferred  the  time  of  the  annual  election  for  the  year  1864, 
from  the  first  Monday  in  September  to  the  second  Monday  in 
Octobei,  without  changing  the  time  at  which  the  officers 
elected  should  begin  their  term  of  office. 

On  said  second  Monday  in  November,  the  time  fixed 
for  the  meeting  of  the  legislative  assembly.,  sundry  persons 
claiming  to  have  been  elected  as  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  at  the  October  election  aforesaid,  assembled 

as   a   House   of   Representatives   for   the   territory   of   Idaho, 


and  also 


the  rights  of  the 


contrary  to  law  and  the  st 
people  of  said  territory. 

laws  to  be  in  force  and  to  govern  the  people  of  said  terri- 

locate  and  establish  the  seat  of  government  at  Boise  City  and 
to  appoint  Caleb  Lyon,  a  federal  officer,  a  commissioner  for 
receiving  and  holding  of  deeds  to  grounds  upon  which  the 
capitol  buildings  are  to  be  erected  ;  authorizing  the  secretary 
of  the  territory  to  draw  a  warrant  upon  the  territorial  treas- 
urer for  moneys  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  removal  of  the 

City.  Ail  of  which  provisions  are  contrary  to  law  and  against 
the  rights  and  interests  of  the  people  of  said  territory. 

This  affiant  is  informed  that  the  bill  for  said  act  of  re- 


ved    the    signat 


Lyonsdale,  has  ever  filed  his  official 

by  law,  and  further  believes  that  no  such  oath  has 

legally  filed  or  recorded,  so  as  to  dulv  qualify  him  I 


the  governor 

lid   Caleb   Lyon,   of 
in  manner  provided 
been 


appro 


mi  i 


led  and  v 


v  belie 


.......  ...... 


that  Sila 


Lyonsdale,  acting  as  governor,  are  about  to  remove  the  seal, 
place  for  their  deposit,  to  said  Boise  City,  contrary  to 


,  , 

affiant  further  believes  that  said  governor  and  secretary 


will  proceed  to  cause  a  great  expenditure  of  the 

removal  and  location  at  Boise  City,  and  the  erection  of  capitol 
buildings,  greatly  to  the  damage  of  said  people,  if  not  re- 
strained by  the  interference  of  the  courts. 

This  affiant  is  apprised  of  no  other  relief  for  the  people 

issCue  eu^writ  forthwitfa°afid  Ts  in  doty  bound  will  CTW< 

pray. 

THOMAS  M.  POMEROY, 

District  Attorney  1st  Judicial  District,  I.  T. 
Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  22d  day  of  De- 
cember, A.  D.,  1864. 

JOHN  G.  BERRY. 
Probate  Judge. 

"Upon  the  above  complaint  the  court  issued  a  tem- 
porary injunction  which  was  served  upon  Lyon  and 
Cochran,  December  29,  1864.  The  defendants  filed 
what  they  claimed  to  be  an  answer,  denying  merely  the 
legal  conclusions  of  the  complaint  without  denying 
any  of  the  facts,  except  that  which  charged  that  the 
governor  assumed  to  exercise  the  functions  of  the 
governor  in  singing  the  capital  bill  without  having 
taken  and  filed  his  oath  as  required  by  law.  Mean- 
time the  governor  fled  from  this  part  of  the  territory 
in  a  small  boat  down  the  Snake  river,  under  the  pre- 
tense of  going  duck  hunting,  and  never  since  then  has 
he  made  his  appearance  in  northern  Idaho.  Soon  af- 
terwards a  new  secretary  was  appointed  from  Wash- 
ington and  came  to  Lewiston,  named  C.  DeWitt  Smith, 
upon  whom  the  order  of  injunction  was  duly  served. 
He  remained  here  some  days  and  after  a  while  it  be- 
came known  that  he  contemplated  a  violation  of  the 
injunction,  and  upon  affidavit  showing  these  facts, 
the  court  issued  an  order  direct  to  the  officer,  command- 
ing him  to  summon  such  force  of  citizens  as  he  deemed 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


necessary  to  assist  him  in  enforcing  the  order.  Mean- 
time, Smith,  unbeknown  to  the  officer,  had  proceeded 
to  the  military  garrison  at  Lapwai,  and  procured  a  de- 
tachment of  U.  S.  troops,  armed  under  command  of 
Lieutenant  S.  R.  Hammer,  and  with  them  approached 
the  town  stealthily,  via  a  dry  slough  of  the  river,  and 
not  via  the  public  road  to  the  ferry,  and  when  the  civil 
officer  and  his  men  approached  to  prevent  Smith  from 
removing  the  seal,  this  military  force  with  arms  rushed 
forward  and  prevented  the  civil  officer  from  executing 
•the  order  and  Smith,  with  the  seal,  laws  and  archives, 
went  upon  the  ferry  boat,  under  the  escort  of  this  mil- 
itary force,  who  continued  their  escort  until  they  had 
preceded  into  Washington  Territory  beyond  the  juris- 
diction of  the  civil  officer  and  thus  Smith  escaped. 
The  civil  officer's  return  on  the  order  was  in  the  fol- 
lowing language : 

"Not  served  on  account  of  defendants  being  es- 
corted by  an  armed  body  of  soldiers,  commanded  by 
Lieutenant  S.  R.  Hammer,  who  resisted  the  service. 
J.  K.  VINCENT. 
Special  Deputy  U.  S.  Marshall.' 

"It  was  afterwards  learned  that  Smith  made  his 
appearance  at  Boise  City  with  the  seal,  laws  and  arc- 
hives of  the  territory,  and  there  the  territorial  property 
has  remained  ever  since.  At  the  April  term  of  the 
court,  1865,  the  case  was  heard  at  Lewiston,  able  coun- 
sel appearing  on  both  sides,  and  on  the  iyth  of  April 
the  temporary  order  of  injunction  was  made  perpetual. 

"Judgment  was  entered  as  follows : 

Lewiston,  Monday,  April  17,  1865. 

"Court  convened  at  10  A.  M.,  pursuant  to  adjourn- 
ment. Present,  Hon.  A.  C.  Smith,  presiding  and  E. 
C.  Mayhew,  clerk ;  proceedings  of  the  previous  day 
read  and  approved. 

"People  of  the  United  States  of  Territory  of  Idaho. 
T.  M.  Pomeroy,  relator,  plaintiff,  vs.  Caleb  Lyon  and 
S.  D.  Cochran,  defendants.  An  action  to  restrain  the 
defendants  from  removing  the  seal  and  archives  of  the 
Territory. 

"T.  M.  Pomeroy,  assisted  by  Anderson,  Trayer  and 
Leland  of  counsel  for  the  plaintiff,  and  T.  M.  Reed, 
assisted  by  Samuel  E.  Darnes  of  counsel  for  defend- 
ants. 

"It  is  the  decision  of  the  court  that  the  act  perma- 
nently locating  the  capitol  of  Idaho  Territory  at  Boise 
City  is  invalid,  having  been  passed  by  an  illegal  and 
unauthorized  body.    Therefore  let  judgment  be  entered 
in  accordance  with  the  prayer  of  the  complaint. 
ALLECK  C.  SMITH, 
Judge  ist  Judicial  District,  Idaho  Territory.' 

"A  similar  judgment  was  entered  against  the  ter- 
ritorial treasurer  from  moving  his  office  to  Boise  City, 
and  there  both  of  these  judgments  stand  on  the  rec- 
ords to  this  day,  unreversed  by  the  supreme  court  of 
the  territory  nor  any  other  court  having  jurisdiction.  In 
defiance  of'  this  they  moved  the  seal  and  archives  by  a 
military  force  away  from  this  part  of  the  territory, 
beyond  the  reach  of  the  people  of  Lewiston  and  north 
Idaho. 


"From  this  dec 


i  the  defendants  filed  a  notice 


of  appeal  on  the  2oth  day  of  April  to  the  supreme  court 
of  the  territory.  That  appeal  was  never  heard  and 
determined  in  the  supreme  court,  and  we  do  not  know 
that  the  appeal  was  ever  perfected,  although  we  were 
an  attorney  for  the  plaintiff  in  the  case.  We  find  no 
report  of  the  case  in  the  supreme  court  reports.  Where 
is  the  capital  by  law  ?  Surely  not  at  Boise  City." 

But  whether  the  territorial  capital  was  legally  re- 
moved to  Boise  City  or  not,  the  case  has  now  been  put 
at  rest  forever  by  provision  of  the  Enabling  Act  by 
which  the  territory  became  a  state.  However,  the 
breach  caused  by  this  act  of  the  legislature  was  many 
years  in  healing,  if,  indeed,  it  has  ever  been  fully  healed. 
It  and  the  fact  that  natural  barriers  cut  the  territory  into 
two  distinct  divisions  having  little  of  common  inter- 
est to  bind  them  together  have  resulted  in  the  north 
Idaho  people's  having  striven  for  a  full  quarter  of  a 
century  with  singular  unanimity  for  political  segrega- 
tion from  Idaho  and  union  to  Washington.  The  strug- 
gle toward  that  end,  taken  up  shortly  after  the  removal 
of  the  capital  from  Lewiston,  was  not  given  up  until 
Washington  Territory's  admission  to  statehood  made 
success  hopeless  and  further  effort  useless. 

The  establishment  of  routes  of  travel  incident  to 
the  discovery  of  the  mines  continued  almost  without 
abatement,  judging  by  the  number  of  licenses  granted 
during  the  legislative  session  of  1864.  Charles  W. 
Frush  and  associates  were  licensed  to  establish  a  ferry 
across  the  Pend  Oreille  or  Clark's  fork  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river  at  or  near  the  point  where  the  military 
commission  road  crosses  said  river,  but  as  far  as  we 
know  nothing  was  done  under  this  franchise.  John 
Silcott  was  granted  the  right  to  establish  a  ferry  across 
the  St.  Joseph  river,  at  or  near  the  point  where  the 
direct  or  main  trail  leading  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mis- 
sion crosses  said  river.  S.  A.  Woodward  and  L.  P. 
Brown  were  licensed  to  construct  and  maintain  a  toll 
road  from  Brown's  Mountain  House  (where  Mt.  Idaho 
now  stands)  in  Nez  Perces  county,  along  the  most  di- 
rect and  practicable  route  to  Florence,  in  Idaho  county, 
for  a  period  of  ten  years.  Charles  Addis  was  granted 
a  ferry  right  across  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  at  or  near 
the  point  where  the  trail  to  Coeur  d'Alene  mission 
crossed  said  river.  Thomas  Kirkpatrick,  George 
Sears,  A.  P.  Ankney,  Alonzo  Leland,  James  Tufts,  S. 
S.  Slater,  John  Creighton,  and  George  Zeigle  were 
granted  the  exclusive  right  and  privilege  of  establish- 
ing and  maintaining  a  toll  road  from  Elk  City,  Nez 
Perces  countv.  along  the  most  practicable  route  east- 
ward to  the  western  line  of  Montana  Territory,  the 
grant  to  extend  twenty  years  on  certain  fixed  condi- 
tions. This  road  never  was  anything  but  a  trail.  J. 
B.  Roberts,  A.  E.  Ridles  and  J.  T.  Galbraith  were  li- 
censed to  operate  a  ferry  on  Kootenai  river  at  a  point 
fifteen  miles  below  Linklighter's  station.  Charles  H. 
Canfield  was  granted  the  right  to  operate  a  ferry  across 
the  Pend  Oreille  or  Clarke's  Fork  of  the  Columbia, 
at  a  point  about  twelve  miles  above  where  military  or 
boundary  commission  road  crossed  said  river.  John 
W.  Hillin  was  licensed  to  operate  a  ferry  across  the 
Spokane  river  at  or  near  Indian  crossing,  and  both 
former  and  subsequent  ligislatures  were  many  times 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


called  upon  for  similar  franchises  and  privileges,  show- 
ing the  rapidity  with  which  the  country  was  becoming 
networked  with  routes  of  commerce  and  general  trans- 
portation. 

Much  of  this,  however,  was  stimulated  by  the  dis- 
covery in  1863  and  1864  of  mines  in  the  Kootenai 
country  of  British  Columbia,  which  drew  away  from 
the  mining  districts  of  north  Idaho  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  this  population.  Indeed  the  miners  were  in 
great  readiness  for  some  new  excitment,  for  even  then 
some  of  the  richest  placer  fields,  especially  in  the  Flor- 
ence district,  were  giving  premonitions  of  coming  ex- 
haustion. The  mining  rules  prohibiting  persons  of 
the  Mongolian  race  from  operating  in  the  different 
districts  were  beginninsr  to  be  but  laxly  enforced  and 
gradually  the  less  valuable  claims  passed  into  the 
hands  of  Chinamen.  These  conservative,  patient  op- 
eratives were  eventually,  by  an  act  of  the  legislature 
approved  January  n,  1866,  permitted  to  work  the 
mines  on  payment  of  a  license  of  five  dollars  per  month 
for  the  entire  time  they  remained  in  the  territory.  Later 
still  other  licenses  were  exacted. 

The  interest  and  excitment  of  the  earliest  mining 
days  were  temporarily  reviewed  late  in  the  summer  of 
1865  by  the  circulation  in  Lewiston  and  Walla  Walla 
of  a  rather  strange  report.  It  was  stated  that  a  man 
named  Wilson  had  discovered  a  new  gold  district  in 
northern  Idaho,  which  promised  to  rival  the  cele- 
brated Florence  and  Boise  discoveries.  While  on  a 
wandering  prospecting  tour,  so  Dame  Rumor  stated, 
he  had  stumbled  into  three  auriferous  basins  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  region,  each  one  equaling  the  Boise 
district  in  extent.  A  stampede  ensued  forthwith. 
Thousands  hurried  to  the  scene.  Charles  G.  Kress,  of 
Lewiston,  estimates  that  the  number  from  Boise  that 
passed  through  that  town  must  have  aggregated  be- 
tween three  and  four  thousand  and  that  perhaps  as 
many  more  went  into  the  region  by  other  routes. 

The  gold  seeking  hordes  made  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
mission  their  objective  point,  expecting  to  be  led  with- 
out delay  to  the  discovery.  Wilson  was  hunted  up. 
He  proved  reticent  at  first  and  finally  claimed  that  he 
had  forgotten  the  location  of  the  diggings  and  was  un- 
able to  find  them.  The  disappointment  and  consterna- 
tion of  the  expectant  miners  may  well  be  imagined. 
Chagrin  soon  gave  place  to  anger,  and  Wilson's  life  was 
threatened.  He  was  eventually  compelled  to  appeal  to 
the  priest  at  the  mission  for  protection  and  it  was 
through  the  intercession  of  the  clergyman  that  he  es- 
caped lynching. 

Meanwhile  prospecting  parties  threaded  the  valleys 
and  canyons  and  climbed  the  impending  hills,  hoping 
to  find  some  return  for  their  outlay  and  trouble.  They 
spread  out  widely  over  northern  Idaho  and  into  west- 
ern Montana,  in  the  latter  of  which  regions  rich  dig- 
gings were  eventually  struck.  This  induced  much 
travel  through  Lewiston,  causing  a  decided  improve- 
ment in  financial  conditions  for  a  time.  The  boom 
lasted  all  that  fall.  Mr.  Kress  tells  us  incidentally  of 
a  train  of  six  camels  which  passed  through  town  during 
the  excitement,  enroute  for  Montana,  certainly  a.  novel 
trading  outfit  in  this  part  of  terra  firma. 


During  all  these  early  years  no  attempt  was  made- 
at  agriculture  in  the  mining  sections  and  no  domestic 
animals  disputed  with  the  elk  and  the  deer  for  the 
pasturage  upon  a  thousand  hills,  except  the  herds  of 
Indian  ponies  on  the  reservation,  the  pack  mules  of 
the  trader  and  the  few  head  of  horses  and  mules  need- 
ful to  the  miner,  the  prospector  and  the  primitive  saw- 
mill man.  Occasionally,  too.  a  herd  of  mutton  sheep 
or  a  band  of  beef  cattle  might  be  driven  into  the  mines 
on  foot,  designed  for  immediate  slaughter  upon  arrival, 
and  these  of  course  found  sustenance  while  enroute  on 
the  gratutious  bounties  of  generous  nature.  In  1865 
however,  the  Rice  Brothers  brought  in  a  band  of  stock 
sheep,  and  about  the  same  time  C.  P.  Coburn  imported 
one  hundred  and  fifty  head  of  cattle  into  northern  Nez 
Perces  county.  These  he  took  out  southeast  of  Lewis- 
ton  to  what  is  known  as  the  Junction  House  ranch. 
A  little  later  Captain  Ankeny  and  his  sons  brought 
in  500  neat  cattle  from  Oregon. 

About  this  time,  also,  Thomas  Moore  took  up  what 
is  now  known  as  the  Dowd  ranch  in  Tammany  hol- 
low, but  for  years  he  used  it  to  pasture  horses,  with- 
out any  attempt  at  cultivation.  Another  horse  ranch 
was  taken  possession  of  probably  as  early  as  1865  by 
Schissler  &  Siers,  from  whose  brand  the  place  came 
to  be  named  the  "21"  ranch.  At  the  numerous  sta- 
tions along  the  route  to  the  Kootenai  mines  there  were 
small  settlements  and  portions  of  the  land  adjacent 
were  cultivated  to  furnish  garden  supplies.  There 
were  doubtless  other  small  attempts  at  agriculture 
in  different  parts  of  north  Idaho,  but  the  industry  was 
slow  in  becoming  established  and  when  it  was  at  last 
found  that  farm  products  could  be  successfully  raised, 
progress  was  still  slow  for  a  time  owing  to  the  lack 
of  transportation,  the  danger  of  trouble  with  Indians 
and  other  causes.  Mr.  Coburn  thinks  that  Caldwell 
&  Hall,  who  took  a  farm  at  the  top  of  the  high  Clear- 
water  bluff  above  Lewiston  about  the  year  1869,  were 
probably  the  earliest  wheat  farmers  in  the  Idaho  part 
of  tliat  great  stretch  of  country  now  so  famous  for  its 
production  of  cereals. 

But  throughout  the  first  decade  at  least  the  main 
industry  of  the  country  was  mining.  After  the  richest 
product  of  the  placers  had  been  exhausted  with  rocker 
and  sluice  box,  the  hydraulic  was  brought  into  opera- 
tion wherever  possible,  thus  keeping  up  the  annual  out- 
put to  nearly  its  old  proportions,  though  with  a  smaller 
population  a'nd  less  excitement.  No  statistics  of  output 
are  vailable  for  the  counties  of  northern  Idaho,  but  the 
estimates'  for  the  entire  territory  show  an  annual  in- 
crease until  1865,  when  the  mines  yielded  nearly  $13,- 
000,000,  then  a  decrease  till  1869,  which  year  is 
credited  with  a  production  of  $1.600,000.  Thereafter 
the  mineral  output  increased  slowly,  reaching  $3,600,- 
ooo  in  1873.  It  dropped  to  about  two  millions  in  1875, 
then  increased  and  decreased  alternately  until  1881, 
when  it  jumped  to  nearly  $5,000.000.  The  existence 
of  gold-bearing  quartz  in  north  Idaho  was  known  to 
the  earliest  miners  and  prospectors,  but  they  paid  no 
attention  to  it,  being  without  means  to  purchase  ma- 
chinery for  its  reduction  or  ways  of  transporting  it  to 
the  mines  if  they  had  it.  In  "1868,  however,  Rescue 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ledge  on  Warren  creek  and  another  just  above  it  on 
Slaughter  creek  were  discovered.  Judge  Poe,  Alonzo. 
Leland  and  others  became  interested  in  the  former 
property.  They  built  a  small  mill  on  it,  while  an  east- 
ern mining  expert  named  Isenbeck,  in  company  with 
Godfrey  Gamble,  erected  one  on  the  Slaughter  creek 
ledge.  Litigation  soon  took  the  Rescue  property  tem- 
porarily out  of  the  hands  of  its  owners,  and  while  thus 
alienated  it  yielded  considerable  gold.  Upon  its  re- 
covery by  Poe,  Leland  and  their  partners,  these  men 
succeeded  in  interesting  eastern  capital  by  which 
means  they  were  enabled  to  take  the  initial  steps  to- 
ward installing  a  large  stamp  mill.  Some  of  the  ma- 
chinery reached  Mount  Idaho,  where  it  still  remains 
as  a  relic  of  an  abandoned  enterprise  and  a  monument 
to  the  inaccessibility  of  the  Warren  region. 

The  Isenbeck-Gamble  Company  eventually  removed 
its  stamp  mill  to  what  was  known  as  tke  W.  B.  Knott 
mine,  on  Steamboat  creek,  but  the  mine  failing  to 
yield  as  expected,  the  company  was  forced  into  bank- 
ruptcy. Leland  and  Starr  also  had  a  small  mill  on  a 
branch  of  Steamboat  creek,  at  the  Hie  Jacket  mine, 
which,  however,  never  proved  a  property  of  any  great 
merit.  The  mill  was  afterward  operated  on  the  Res- 
cue ledge.  Another  unsuccessful  quartz  mill  was 
erected  on  the  Charity  mine,  four  miles  south  of  the 
W.  B.  Knott  ledge.  But  the  richest  quartz  mine  in  the 
Warren  district  was  the  Little  Giant,  on  Smith's  gulch, 
about  a  mile  from  the  town  of  Washington.  It  be- 
longed to  a  man  named  George  Riebold,  who  erected 
a  ten  stamp  mill  on  it,  the  product  of  which  is  supposed 
to  have  aggregated  fully  $500,000.  Quartz  ledges 
were  known  to  exist  also  in  almost  all  the  old  placer 
camps,  but  their  development  was  never  undertaken 
with  energy  until  comparatively  recent  years. 

Comparison  between  a  census  of  Idaho  Territory 
taken  in  1864  and  the  United  States  census  of  1870 
shows  that  the  population  of  north  Idaho  counties 
neither  increased  nor  diminished  materially  during 
the  six  years.  The  population  of  north  Idaho  accord- 
ing to  the  former  census  was  2,634,  but  the  enumera- 
tion was  no  doubt  very  carelessly  made. 

"In  1870,"  says  C.  P.  Coburn,  who  took  the  census 
of  Nez  Perces  county  that  year,  "there  were  at  Pal- 
ouse  bridge,  about  three  miles  east  of  the  state  line, 
Frank  and  William  Points,  John  Buchanan,  and  one 
or  two  others.  They  had  in  a  small  crop  when  I  passed 
through.  At  the  California  ranch,  east  of  Spokane, 
and  at  the  Spokane  bridge,  on  the  state  line,  I  found 
a  few  settlers  farming  in  a  small  way.  There  were 
probably  a  dozen  men  at  the  bridge  settlement.  On 
Camas  prairie  were  perhaps  twenty-five  or  thirty  set- 
tlers besides  those  in  Mount  Idaho,  which  then  con- 
sisted of  the  hotel  of  Loyal  P.  Brown,  Rudolph's  gen- 
eral store,  a  blacksmith  shop  and  a  few  houses.  It  had 
been  founded  by  one  Moses  Milner,  who  in  1862,  when 
the  Florence  rush  was  at  its  height,  conceived  the 
idea  of  establishing  a  station  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tain. Accordingly  he  cut  a  trail  through  from  this 
point  to  Florence,  built  a  cabin  and  began  advertis- 
ing the  route." 

The  year  1871  may  be  considered  as  the  date  of  the 


first  decided  advance  in  the  agricultural  development 
of  north  Idaho.  During  the  fall  of  that  year  the  coun- 
try around  Moscow,  the  Paradise  valley  region,  re- 
ceived its  first  influx  of  settlers,  and  the  remarkable 
success  which  attended  their  efforts  in  all  forms  of  ag- 
riculture was  a  stimulus  to  further  settlement.  Almost 
incredible  are  the  stories  told  of  the  enormous  size 
of  vegetable  products  and  the  yields  per  acre.  Another 
stimulus  in  the  same  direction  was  the  rapid  decline 
of  the  placer  output  and  still  another  the  hope  of  rail- 
road transportation  for  products  in  the  near  future,  as 
the  Northern  Pacific  was  known  to  be  pushing  west- 
ward to  the  coast  and  was  supposed  to  be  about  ready 
to  build  across  Idaho  The  northern  counties  in  com- 
mon with  other  parts  of  the  great  inland  empire  were 
passing  through  a  transition  period,  the  middle  ages  of 
the  country,  during  which  mining  as  the  main  pur- 
suit was  giving  place  to  agriculture.  The  period  was 
not  without  its  manifold  discouragements.  Agricul- 
tural products  could  not  be  packed  out  on  the  backs 
of  mules,  as  was  the  gold  dust  of  the  'sixties,  and  ade- 
quate means  of  transportation  were  not  at  hand,  neither 
were  they  to  arrive  as  soon  as  expected,  for  the  slow- 
ness of  the  Northern  Pacific  became  proverbial. 

At  this  time  it  was  fully  believed  by  the  residents 
of  north  Idaho  that  the  Northern  Pacific  Company, 
would  build  through  the  Lolo  pass  and  down  the  Clear- 
water  to  Lewiston,  thence  into  the  territory  of  Wash- 
ington and  beyond.  It  was  pointed  out  by  the  news- 
papers that  the  route  was  many  miles  shorter  than  that 
via  Pend  Oreille  lake  and  in  the  absence  of  surveys, 
the  pass  was  supposed  to  be  lower  than  the  alternative 
pass,  the  Coeur  d'Alene.  Doubtless  many  people  set- 
tled in  Nez  Perces  and  Idaho  counties  in  full  confi- 
dence that  they  would  soon  have  a  railroad,  but  in  this 
they  were  doomed  to  disappointment,  for  the  road, 
when  at  last  it  did  come,  chose  the  Pend  Oreille 
route. 

An  incident  of  the  year  1872,  well  remembered  by 
old  settlers  throughout  the  entire  inland  empire,  was 
the  earthquake  shock  of  December  I4th.  The  seismic 
disturbance  was  very  general,  being  felt  at  least  over 
all  of  eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  as  well  as  in 
north  Idaho.  The  story  of  the  shock  as  experienced 
in  Lewiston  and  vicinity  was  described  by  the  Signal 
as  follows : 

"On  Saturday  evening  last,  at  twenty  minutes  past 
ten  o'clock,  this  region  of  country  was  visited  by  a 
series  of  earthquake  shocks.  The  first  oscillation  ap- 
peared to  be  from  west  to  east  and  was  of  about  eight 
seconds'  duration.  The  first  shock  was  followed  by 
a  second,  ten  minutes  later,  but  of  much  less  force. 
The  violence  of  the  first  shock  created  considerable 
alarm  among  those  who  had  never  experienced  such  a 
thing  before.  Persons  who  were  up  at  the  time  ran 
into  the  streets,  while  those  who  had  retired  supposed 
that  a  fierce  and  sudden  gust  of  wind  caused  their 
buildings  to  sway  and  rock.  Clocks  were  stopped  and 
crockery  and  glassware  caused  to  jingle.  Frightened 
chickens  flew  about  as  though  possessed  of  the  devil. 
Dogs  howled,  cattle  lowed,  and  all  nature,  animate  and 
inanimate,  was  much  disturbed.  From  all  we  can 


44 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


learn  the  greatest  force  of  the  shock  followed  the 
streams,  as  those  residing  on  the  uplands  felt  it  but 
slightly.  To  the  westward  from  here  the  vibration 
seems  to  have  been  more  severe  than  east  of  Camas 
prairie.  To  the  east  of  here,  as  far  as  Elk  City,  it  was 
felt  very  plainly— at  Camas  prairie  more  particularly 
than  elsewhere  except  at  Reed's  ferry,  northeast  of  the 
latter  place,  where  the  shock  lasted  two  minutes  and  was 
followed  by  two  others  of  less  duration  and  violence. 
North  of  here,  in  the  vicinity  of  Paradise  valley,  the 
shock  was  so  severe  as  to  make  everything  fairly  dance. 
In  this  place  and  the  immediate  vicinity  the  force  of 
the  shock  was  greater  along  the  margins  of  the  streams 
than  elsewhere.  Along  the  water  front  of  the  town  on 
the  Clearwater  it  was  more  severe  than  back  near  the 
bluff." 

Among  the  improvements  of  the  year  1872  were 
several  in  the  mail  service  which  had  developed  by 
this  time  so  as  to  be  fairly  adequate  to  the  country's 
needs.  A  daily  mail  was  established  between  Lewiston 
and  Walla  Walla  and  a  contract  was  let  to  C.  C.  Huntly 
to  carry  mail  from  the  former  town  to  Spokane  Bridge. 
Mail  was  also  carried  by  the  O.  S.  N.  steamers  be- 
tween Lewiston  and  Snake  river  points.  The  Baird 
Brothers  were  operating  between  Lewiston  and  Elk 
City  and  the  Capps  Brothers  ran  a  stage,  express  and 
mail  line  from  the  former  point  to  Pierce.  The  post- 
offices  established  in  Nez  Perces,  Idaho  and  Shoshone 
counties  at  this  time,  with  postmasters  so  far  as  known 
were:  In  Nez  Perces  county— Lewiston,  C.  A. 
Thatcher:  Fort  Lapwai,  D.  C.  Kelly;  Mount  Idaho, 
L.  P.  Brown ;  Elk  City,  C.  Collins ;  in  Idaho  county- 
White,  Bird, ;  Slate  Creek  (Freedom  post  of- 
fice),   Barman;  John  Day  creek,——;  Florence, 

W.  H.  Rhett ;  Washington,  C.  A.  Sears ;  in  Shoshone 
county ;  Pierce  City,  I.  B.  Cowen. 

The  year  1873  was  a  rather  unpropitious  one  in 
north  Idaho  as  elsewhere  in  the  northwest.  This,  it 
will  be  remembered,  was  a  year  of  panic  and  distress 
the  United  States  over  and  besides  the  general  causes 


of  stringency  there  were  special  causes  in  this  portion 
of  Idaho  Territory.  The  decline  of  the  mines  had  de- 
prived the  country  not  alone  of  its  abundant  supply  of 
money  but  of  its  excellent  local  market  for  farm  pro- 
ducts; the  means  of  transportation  at  hand  were  in- 
adequate and  unbearably  expensive,  and  the  excellent 
crops  harvested  in  the  fall  of  1872,  the  normal  increase 
of  cattle,  sheep  and  horses  and  the  many  other  favor- 
able conditions  were  unavailing  when  a  market  for 
produce  was  not  to  be  had.  Nevertheless  the  acreage 
cultivated  during  this  year  was  estimated  as  being  six 
times  as  great  as  that  of  the  preceding  twelvemonth. 
The  number  of  bushels  garnered  from  each  acre  was 
prodigious,  and  the  singular  anomaly  was  presented  of 
the  occurrence  together  of  abundant  harvests  and  hard 
times. 

The  year  1874  brought  no  amelioration  of  condi- 
tions, but  rather  an  augmentation  of  the  distress,  and 
during  the  following  twelvemonth  affairs  in  north 
Idaho  reached  a  very  low  ebb.  In  1876,  notwithstand- 
ing the  fact  that  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  was 
still  many  miles  away  and  the  transportation  problem 
was  in  statu  quo,  there  was  some  improvement  in  the 
outlook.  Three  small  mining  camps  came  into  exis- 
tence during  the  year,  all  of  which  were  very  prosper- 
ous and  thriving  when  winter  came.  Two  of  these 
were  on  the  north  fork  of  the  Clearwater  and  the  third 
at  Marshall  lake.  Crops  still  continued  abundant,  and 
the  enormous  yield  of  wheat  and  other  grains  proved 
what  the  country  might  become  if  it  were  only  sup- 
plied with  means  of  transportating  its  products  to  the 
markets  of  the  world. 

The  winter  of  1874-5  was  so  severe  that  thousands 
of  head  of  cattle  perished,  bankrupting  several 
stockmen. 

Hardly  had  the  sky  begun  to  clear  of  financial 
clouds  than  it  was  suddenly  overcast  with  the  shad- 
ows of  approaching  conflict,  and  before  north  Idaho 
was  to  emerge  from  the  darkness  of  its  medieval  days, 
it  was  fated  to  be  baptized  with  a  baptism  of  fire. 


III. 


THE  NEZ  PERCE  INDIAN  WAR. 


When  the  indomitable  Anglo-Saxon  race  began 
following  the  course  of  destiny  to  the  westward  the 
doom  of  the  thriftless  aboriginal  peoples  was  sealed. 
The  time  had  arrived  in  the  progress  of  the  world 
when  the  dusky,  nomadic  savage  had  become  a  cum- 
berer  of  the  soil.  The  day  of  a  grander  development 
for  this  vast,  prodigious  west,  teeming  with  the  crude 
elements  of  wealth  production,  had  at  last  dawned. 


The  night  of  savagery  was  over.  The  red  man  must 
himself  become  a  factor  in  pushing  forward  the  car 
of  progress  or  be  crushed  beneath  its  wheels.  Poor 
child  of  the  darkness  and  the  night!  Without  know- 
ing it  he  was  face  to  face  with  the  harshest,  most  in- 
excrable  law  of  life,  the  law  of  the  survival  of  the  fif- 
test.  No  longer  could  he  worship  the  Great  Spirit  in 
his  own  blind  way;  no  longer  could  he  roam  at  will 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


45 


over  the  bosom  of  his  much  loved  mother  earth;  he 
must  lay  aside  at  once  his  ancestral  habits  and  adopt 
those  of  another  and  superior  race  or  he  must  perish 
and  perish  miserably. 

Had  the  Indians  tried  the  plan  of  adopting  the 
white  man's  customs  hardly  would  it  have  been  pos- 
sible for  them  to  effect  with  sufficient  alacrity  a  change 
so  radical,  to  measure  up  to  the  required  standard  in 
time  to  save  themselves  from  .destruction  in  accord- 
ance with  the  mandates  of  natural  law,  but  they  did 
not  try.  They  chose  rather  to  set  themselves  in  oppo- 
sition to  manifest  destiny  and  the  result  is  that  their 
race  is  hopelessly  doomed.  This  contest  with  fate 
furnishes  many  of  the  saddest  chapters  in  the  history 
of  our  country.  It  could  have  but  one  issue.  Even 
the  Indian  could  hardly  fail  to  foresee  its  outcome, 
but  it  is  not  in  human  nature  to  yield  the  field  with- 
out a  struggle.  The  red  men  fought  valiantly  and  long. 
They  fought  with  a  bitterness  almost  amounting  to 
frenzy,  and  with  the  courage  of  despair,  but  they 
fought  in  a  hopeless  conflict  and  the  heel  of  the  con- 
queror is  upon  their  necks. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  this  chapter  to  chronicle  one  of 
the  last,  fierce  struggles  in  that  long  continued  race 
war  by  which  the  soil  of  the  new  world  was  wrested 
from  the  hands  of  its  aboriginal  possessors.  The  ani- 
mosities growing  out  of  former  contests  furnished  the 
venom  with  which  to  poison  the  shaft  of  both  whites 
and  reds,  but  the  causes  of  the  war  of  1877  have  their 
roots  deep  in  the  incapacity  of  our  government  officials 
to  understand  Indian  character  and  to  deal  with  it  in 
a  sensible  business  like  manner.  When  in  1855  Gov- 
ernor I.  I.  Stevens  for  Washington  and  Joel  Palmer 
for  Oregon  negotiated  their  treaty  with  the  Indians 
by  which  the  latter  disposed  of  a  vast  area  of  land  to 
the  United  States,  making  certain  reservations  as 
homes  for  themselves,  old  Chief  Joseph  insisted  that 
Wallowa  valley  should  form  a  part  of  the  reservation 
for  the  Nez  Perces  tribe.  This  beautiful  valley  had  been 
used  by  him  and  his  followers  for  -years  as  a  species  of 
summer  resort.  On  account  of  its  beauty,  grass,  fish, 
game,  various  roots,  camas,  etc.,  or  for  some  other 
causes,  it  occupied  a  warm  place  in  the  savage  heart 
.  of  this  old  veteran  brave  and  had  not  the  white  nego- 
tiators agreed  that  it  should  form  a  part  of  the  reserve 
their  efforts  to  treat  with  the  Indians  would  undoubt- 
edly have  ended  in  failure  and  the  great  benefits  ac- 
cruing to  the  whites  from  the  treaty  would  have  been 
lost,  at  least  for  the  time  being.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
Joseph,  Three-Feathers,  White  Bird,  Big  Thunder, 
Looking  Glass  and  others  of  the  Nez  Perces  chiefs 
signed  the  treaty  without  being  fully  aware  just  what 
lands  they  were  resigning  their  claim  to,  so  the  Indians 
aver,  and'  when  it  was  found  that  the  Wallowa  country 
was  included  in  these  lands  an  outbreak  was  imminent 
forthwith.  However,  the  Indians  were  pacified  by 
Stevens  and  Palmer,  who  promised  that  the  Wallowa 
country  should  be  reserved  and  the  matter  was  set- 
tled for  the  time  being. 

While  the  Wallowa  valley  was,  therefore,  through 
the  importunity  of  Joseph,  made  a  part  of  the  Nez 
Perces  reservation  and  consequently  the  property  of  the 


whole  tribe,  it  was  understood  both  by  the  Indians  and 
the  white  representatives  of  the  government  to  belong 
especially  to  Joseph  and  his  band.  Legally  the  Wal- 
lowa was  undoubtedly  the  property  of  the  Nez  Perces  ; 
equitably  it  was  Joseph's.  Herein  lay  the  cause  of  the 
whole  difficulty. 

In  1863  an  amendatory  treaty  was  negotiated  with 
the  Nez  Perces  by  which  the  Wallowa  valley,  with 
other  territory,  was  surrendered  to  the  United  States 
government.  Joseph  was  present  at  the  council  in 
which  this  action  was  taken,  but  he  positively  refused 
to  sign  the  treaty  and  never  acknowledged  its  valid- 
ity. He  continued  his  annual  visits  to  the  W'allowa 
until  his  death,  impressing  upon  the  mind  of  his  sons 
and  his  followers  that  the  valley  was  theirs  and  that  they 
should  hold  it  at  all  costs  as  a  home  for  themselves  and 
their  children.  The  grave  of  old  Joseph  is  in  this  val- 
ley, a  circumstance  which  renders  the  spot  hallowed  in 
the  minds  of  those  allied  to  him  by  kinship  or  other 
ties.  Meanwhile  the  United  States  government  con- 
firmed the  treaty  negotiated  by  its  commissioners  and 
naturally  assumed  that  the  valley  was  a  part  of  the 
public  domain.  The  seeds  of  trouble  were  sown  but 
they  did  not  bear  fruit  until  some  years  later. 

In  due  time  the  Wallowa  valley  was  thrown  open 
to  settlement.  In  1871  James  Tulley  entered  it  in 
search  of  range  for  stock.  The  next  year  he  and  his 
brother  drove  in  a  herd  of  three  hundred  head.  James 
A.  Masterson  came  also,  and  these  three  pioneers 
formed  the  entering  wedge  of  white  occupancy  of  the 
Wallowa.  They  saw  Indians  occasionally  during  the 
summer,  but  beyond  making  signs  of  displeasure  at  the 
presence  of  the  whites,  the  Indians  offered  no  resist- 
ance to  their  operations.  Early  that  fall,  however,  the 
red  men  unequivocally  expressed  their  displeasure  at 
the  encroachment  of  the  whites  in  a  council  between 
themselves,  numbering  forty  or  fifty,  and  as  many 
settlers.  The  council  convened  August  i4th  pursuant 
to  a  written  call  emanating  from  Indian  sources.  It 
seems  to  have  been  conducted  in  a  friendly  spirit, 
nevertheless  the  Indians  were  imperative  in  their  as- 
sertions of  right  to  the  Wallowa  valley  and  the  whites 
were  equally  positive  in  refusing  to  withdraw  from 
lands  on  which  they  had  settled  by  permission  of  their 
government.  The  council  broke  up  with  nothing  defi- 
nite accomplished  save  that  the  whites  sent  two  men 
to  consult  the  Indian  agent  at  Lapwai  regarding  the 
matter,  who  were  to  report  at  a  future  council. 

In  the  spring  of.  1875  the  residents,  not  alone  of 
the  Wallowa  country  but  of  the  Grande  Ronde  valley 
and  of  eastern  Oregon  generally,  were  greatly  incensed 
by  an  order  of  the  department  of  the  interior  looking 
toward  the  removal  of  the  whites  from  the  disputed 
territory  and  the  establishment  of  the  Indians  therein. 
The  substance  of  this  obnoxious  order  is  contained  in 
a  letter  to  superintendent  Odeneal,  which  we  reproduce 
as  follows: 


° 


Sir:-Your  conjunction  of  the  7th  in 
port  dated  the  4th  inst.  of  yourself  and  Agen 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


lative  to  the  band  of  Indians  in  the  Wallowa  valley,  Oregon, 
were  submitted  to  the  Honorable  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
on  the  25th  inst. 

Under   date   of  the  28th   inst,   the   Honorable    Secretary 
returned  the  same  and  adopted  without  modification  the  sug- 

"That  the   band  of  Indians   referred   to'  be   permitted  to 


autum 


r  for 


n  quiet 


s  upon 


long  as  they  r 

The  Hon.  Secretary  therefore  directs  that  a  proper  des- 
scription  01  the  said  valley  be  obtained  for  the  purpose  of  an 
executive  order  setting  apart  this  valley  for  the  use  of  the 
said  Indians  and  that  white  settlers  be  advised  that  they  are 
prohibited  from  entering  or  sett'.ing  in  said  valley. 

value  of  the   improvements   of  said  settlers   in  the   Wallowa 
valley  in  ordci  that  Congress  may  be  asked  at  its  session  for 

their  appraised  value  in  order  that  the  claims  of  the  settlers 
may  be  extinguished. 

of  the°Hon!  Secrete^  of  ^Interior  as  above  indicated,  'and 
for  this  purpose  you  will  cause  an  appraisement  of  the  im- 
provements referred  to  to  be  made  by  two  or  more  disinter- 
ested and  competent  persons,  whose  report  shall  be  prepared 
in  tabular  form  and  submitted  to  you  through  this  office. 
Very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient   servant, 

To  T.  B.  Odeneal, 

Sup't   Indian   Affairs, 
Salem,  Oregon. 

To  further  enforce  the  order,  letters  were  sent  out 
to  the  surveyor  general  and  to  the  register  and  receiver 
of  the  United  States  land  office  at  La  Grande. 

Some  of  the  comments  upon  this  action  of  the  inte- 
rior department  were  revolutionary  in  the  extreme,  and 
go  to  prove  that  the  sentiment  of  patriotism  is  not  so 
deeply  seated  in  most  men's  minds  but  that  it  may  be 
quickly  crushed  out  when  the  power  of  the  government 
seems  to  have  been  turned  against  their  individual  inter- 
est. There  was  much  excuse  for  chagrin  and  disap- 
pointment among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the  Wallowa 
valley.  Many  of  them  had  made  considerable  sacrifices 
in  locating  within  its  borders,  not  supposing  that  there 
would  be  any  danger  incurred  in  so  doing,  as  they  were 
under  the  protection  of  a  wise  and  just  government. 
They  felt  that  to  be  compelled  to  sell  their  homes  for  a 
sum  fixed  by  appraisers,  relinquish  their  prospects  of 
future  gain,  'pull  up  stakes  and  set  out  again  -in  search 
of  the  natural  means  of  winning  a  livelihood,  all  for  the 
sake  of  a  few  shiftless,  nomadic  Indians,  was  an  almost 
unendurable  wrong.  Some  of  them  boldly  declared  that 
they  would  defend  their  rights  in  the  Wallowa  valley 
"against  the  savages  or  any  other  corrupt  power." 

The  interior  department  was  clearly  in  a  dilemma. 
It  could  not  deny  the  justice  of  Joseph's  contention,  for 
his  right  to  the  Wallowa  certainly  had  never  been  ex- 
tinguished in  fairness  and  equity,  though  it  had  legally 
passed  to  the  United  States.  On  the  other  hand  the  de- 
partment could  not  return  the  land  to  the  Indians  with- 
out doing  a  palpable  injustice  to  white  settlers  who  had 
invaded  the  valley  and  built  homes  there,  planting  the 
seed  of  civilization  and  progress,  and  all  by  invitation 


of  the  government.  The  horn  which  it  chose  at  first  is 
indicated  by  the  department  instructions  in  the  letter 
above  quoted. 

The  immediate  settlers  in  the  Wallowa  valley  and 
even  their  neighbors  in  other  parts  of  eastern  Oregon 
were  not  the  only  ones  who  took  an  interest  in  the  Wal- 
lowa matter.  The  people  of  western  Oregon  watched 
its  development  with  interest,  and  the  governor  of  the 
state  went  so  far  as  to  address  a  letter  to  the  secretary 
of  the  interior,  which  is  so  clear  an  exposition  of  the 
whole  subject  from  the  settlers'  standpoint  that  we  feel 
constrained  to  quote  it.  It  reads : 

''"^'Salem^JuTy  21^73. 
HON.  COLUMBUS  DELANO, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

Sir: — I  beg  leave  to  call  your  attention  to  a  very  grave 
and  important  question  now  pending  before  your  department 
touching  the  subject  of  vacating  the  Wallowa  valley  in  Union 
county,  Oregon,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  same  to 
Joseph's  band  of  Nez  Perces  Indians  and  to  submit  the  follow- 
ing views  thereon  for  your  consideration : 

On  and  prior  to  the  nth  day  of  June  1855,  the  Nez  Perces 

partly  in  Washington  territory  between  the  Cascade  and  Bit- 
ter Root  mountains.  On  said  nth  day  of  June,  1855,  the  said 
tribe  by  their  chief,  head  men  and  delegates,  numbering  fifty- 
eight  officials,  made  and  concluded  a  treaty  of  peace  and 
boundaries  with  the  United  States,  Isaac  I.  Stevens  acting 
on  behalf  of  the  United  States  for  Washington  territory  and 
Joel  Palmer  for  Oregon.  By  said  treaty  the  Nez  Perces 
ceded  and  relinquished  to  the  United  States  all  their  rights, 
title  and  interest  in  and  to  all  territory  before  that  time 
claimed  and  occupied  by  them  except  a  certain  tract  de- 
scribed therein,  specifically  reserved  from  the  ceded  lands, 


tribe,  and  for  friendly  tribes  and  bands  of  Indians  in  Wash- 

lying  in  part  in  Oregon,  including  Wallowa  (Woll-low-how) 
valley. 

On  the  Qth  day  of  June,  1863.  a  supplementary  and 
amendatory  treaty  was  concluded  between  the  said  Nez 
Perces  tribe  and  the  United  States,  the  former  being  repre- 
sented by  fifty-one  chiefs,  head  men  and  delegates,  and  the 
latter  by  Calvin  H.  Hale,  Charles  Hutchins  and  S.  D.  Howe 
as  commissioners  specifically  delegated. 

By  the  latter  treaty  the  Nez  Perces  tribe  agreed  to  re- 
linquish and  did  relinquish  to  the  United  States  all  the  lands 
reserved  by  the  treaty  of  1855  excepting  a  certain  specified* 
tract  designated  as  a  "home  and  for  the  sole  use  and  occu- 

Perces  tribe  relinquished  to  the  United  States  all  the  territory 
embraced  in  the  reservation  created  by  the  treaty  of  1855, 
which  Jay  within  the  boundaries  of  the  state  of  Oregon,  in- 
cluding the  said  Wallowa  valley;  so  that  on  and  after  said 
9th  of  June,  1863,  the  Nez  Perces'tribe  did  not  lawfully  hold  or 
occupy  any  land  within  the  state  of  Oregon.  Joseph's  band  of 
Nez  Perces  Indians  were  in  the  treaty  council  of  1855  and 
Joseph  signed  the  treaty.  Their  action  recognized  the  tribal 


acknowledged  these  conclusions  also  by  accepting  the  benefits 
of  the  treaty  of  185^.  But  Joseph  refused  to  acknowledge  the 
treaty  of  186^  while  a  large  majority  of  the  chiefs  and  head 
men  of  the  Nez  Perces  tribe  signed  the  same  Joseph  died 
in  1871  and  his  sons  claim  the  land  which  was  relinquished 
to  the  United  States  in  [863,  including  Wallowa  valley.  This 
claim  is  based  on  the  idea  that  the  band  which  they  represent 
were  not  bound  by  the  treaty  of  1863. 

The  United   States  had  established  the  policy  of  treating 
with   the    Indians    as    tribes    and    nations.      This    policy   was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


or  nation  binds  the  whole  bodv  and  all  of  its  members.     The 
treaty  of  1863  is  the  organized  action  of  the  Nez  Perce  tribe, 

the   connines   of   the   new   states   in   order'  to   give   them  the 

signatu™°or   absenting  J  himself  defeat'  thT'ope^atorTof  the 
treaty,  the  policy  of  making  treaties  would  be  valueless  and 
but  few  treaties'  would  be  binding.     For  there  exists  hardly 

soil  withheld  from  being  occupied  by  an  industrial  population 

The  region  of  country  in  eastern  Oregon  not  now  settled, 
and  to  which  the  Wallowa  vallev  is  the  key,  is  greater  in  area 
than  the  state  of  Massachusetts!     If  this  section  of  our  state, 

lying  within  the  state  of  Oregon. 
Acting  upon  this  conclusion  by  order  of  the  general  land 
office,  bearing  date  May  28,  1867,  the  public  lands  in  Wallowa 

make  it  fruitful  of  civilized  life. 
There  is  abundant  room  for  Joseph's  band  on  the  present 
Nez  Perces  reservation  and  the  tribe  desires  to  have  this  band 

for  settlement.     The  survevs  mad.-  Miidi-r  this  order  amounted 

not  object  to  going  on  the.  reservation  at.  this  time,  but  that 

informed,  that  eighty-seven  farms  have  been  located  and  pre- 

Uniled   States  land  office  at  La  Grande. 
Upon  this  statement  of  facts,  I  urge  that  the  Indian  title 

missionaries    among   the    Indian,    while    they    maintain    their 
aboriginal   habits.     JOSHl'll'S    |;AX1)    DO"  NOT   DESIRE 
WALLOWA    VALLEY    FOR    A    RESERVATION    AND 

occupancy,   either   by  purchase,   conquest,   or   by  legal   enact- 
ment, it  would  follow  that  if  the  treaty  of  1863  did  not  corn- 

possnesSnNoefZ  th^l^S^'of  Oregon  limpr?  for'room 

opening  the   same   for   settlement   and   the   consequent   occu- 
pancy of  the  same   by   settlers   under   the   provisions   of   the 

white  settlers  in  the  Wallowa  country  number  eighty-seven. 
There  are  also  in  the  Wallowa  valley  two  incorporated  com- 

tion  of  these  claims  by  the  local   land  office  of  the  United 

Prairie   Creek   Ditch   Company.     The  improvements  of  these 

cerned. 

ment.  to  amount  to  sixty-seven  thousand,  eight  hundred  and 

who  did  not  sign  the  treaty  of    18(13  and  who  have  refused 

Considering  that  the  demand  of  Joseph's  band  was  made 

as  far  as  they  are  concerned,  a  score  of  like  demands  from 
tribes,    under   treaties   negotiated   in   a   similar   way,,   will   be 

much  more  consistent  with  its  general   Indian  policy,  to  in- 
duce Joseph's  band  by  peaceful   means  to  make  their  homes 
on  the  Nez  Perces  reservation,  than  to  purchase  the  right  of 

I  am   thoroughly   persuaded   that    if  the   proposed   surrender 
of  the  Wallowa  vallev  and  the  adjacent  region  to  these  In- 
dians be  now  consummated  as  now  demanded,  the  measure, 

state    have    uniformly    recognized    the    boundaries    of    legally 
denned  Indian  reservations,  and  have  abstained  from  attempt- 
ing   *o    establish    settlements    thereon.      In    all    instances    of 

and  this  character  of  work  will  have  to  be  entered  upon  and 
The  'declaration  as  made  by  congress  March  3,  1871,  that 

This  waTthe  case  with  th^akiiMS  ^855,^0^^  three 

the   United    States   shall    be   acknowledged   or    recognized   as 
an  independent  nation,  tribe,  or  power,  with  whom  the  United 

their  perfidy.    This  was  the  case  last  autumn  with  tin-  Moi'locs 

past  treaties,  as  such,  and  to  leave  the  Indian  office  unembar- 

government  and  bv  the  people  of  Oregon. 

to  the  caprices  of  unttitored  savages. 

been  as  well   disposed  toward  the  Indians,   and  as   moderate 

growing  out  of  this  particular  case,  I  would  respectfully  press 

the  circumstances. 
Urgently    pressing    upon    your    careful    consideration    the 

HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


peculiar  features  of  this  subject  and  on  behalf  of  the  interests 
of  this  state  and  of  the  settlers  in  the  Wallowa  valley  and 
the  vicinity  asking  that  the  preliminary  steps  taken  for  the 

vation  for  Indians  may  be  rescinded,  I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Your  obedient  servant, 

L.  F.  GROVER, 
Governor  of  Oregon. 

The  reasoning  of  Governor  Grover  in  the  above 
communication  is  certainly  sound  in  everything  ex- 
cept that  it  seems  to  overlook  what  we  believe  to  be 
a  fact  of  history  that,  in  the  treaty  of  1855  the  Wallowa- 
•  valley  was  understood  by  both  Indians  and  whites  to 
be  reserved  especially  for  the  use  of  old  Joseph  and 
his  band.  Joseph's  assent  to  the  treaty  was  certainly 
given  with  that  understanding,  and  while  technically 
and  as  a  matter  of  strict  legal  construction,  the  Wal- 
lowa was,  under  the  treaty  of  1855,  the  property  of 
the  whole  Nez  Perces  tribe,  the  other  chiefs  of  the 
Nez  Perces  seem  to  have  taken  no  real  interest  in  it. 
When  the  opportunity  presented  itself  to  sell  to  che 
United  States  what  had  never  really  been  claimed  by 
them  why  should  they  not  embrace  it?  They  would 
have  given  it  up  without  protest  in  1855  anyway. 
Why  not  sell  Joseph's  property  when  they  had  a 
chance  to  do  so  and  receive  a  full  portion  of  the  price 
to  themselves?  Even  white  men  are  not  always  above 
taking  advantage  of  their  legal  rights  and  privileges, 
though  the  letter  of  the  law  may  chance  to  give  them 

Joseph's  point  of  view  the  chiefs  sold  to  the  United 
States  what  was  his  and  not  theirs,  and  we  can  hardly 
blame  him  if  his  untutored  mind  failed  to  grasp  all 
the  legal  aspects  of  the  case,  and  he  saw  only  through 
the  eye  of  his  innate  sense  of  right. 

It  should  be  emphasized,  however,  that  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  the  Wallowa  were  in  no  wise  to  blame  in 
this  matter.  Attempts  on  the  part  of  United  States 
officers  to  make  them  responsible  in  any  measure  for 
the  troubles  which  arose  are  utterly  indefensible,  as 
were  also  those  made  at  a  later  date  to  throw  the 
blame  for  the  outbreak  of  the  Nez  Perces  war  upon 
certain  citizens  of  north  Idaho.  When  lands  were 
surveyed  and  offered  for  homestead  and  preemption 
location,  the  would-be  settler  is  not  supposed  to  go 
back  to  history  in  order  to  determine  whether  the 
government  has  a  right  to  do  as  it  has  done.  He 
should  and  does  trust  to  the  integrity  and  honor  of  his 
country  for  that.  The  first  settlers  of  the  Wallowa  de- 
serve the  same  credit  which  is  usually  accorded  to 
those  who  in  spite  of  danger  and  hardships  carry  the 
seeds  of  civilization  into  the  heart  of  the  wilderness, 
there  to  plant  and  nurture  them  until  they  grow  to 
full  maturity. 

Influenced  no  doubt  by  some  such  consideration  as 
those  we  have  been  alluding  to,  the  department  of  the 
interior  made  an  abortive  attempt  to  secure  the  vacation 
of  the  Wallowa  on  the  part  of  the  whites  and  the  re- 
instating of  Joseph.  It  was  a  serious  blunder.  If  a 
wrong  was  done  to  Joseph  in  the  negotiations  of  1863 
it  could  not  be  remedied  without  an  equally  great,  per- 
haps a  greater,  wrong  to  the  white  settlers,  in  1873. 


The  attempt  to  do  so  was  fortunately  not  carried  to 
completion. 

In  the  spring  of  1874  the  Indian  bureau  determined 
to  abandon  its  plan  of  attempting  to  establish  an 
Indian  reservation  in  northeastern  Oregon.  The 
letter  which  conveyed  definite  information  of  this 
change  of  policy  to  the  people  of  the  west  was  indited 
as  follows: 

U.  S.  SENATE  CHAMBER, 
Washington,  May  18,  1874. 
HON.  JAMES  H.  SLATER. 

Dear  Sir:  I  have  recently  received  letters  from  our  cit- 
izens of  Union  county  inquiring  what  the  Indian  department 
was  going  to  do  in  regard  to  the  reservation  of  the  Wallowa 
valley  for  Joseph's  band  of  Nez  Perces  Indians ;  and  whether 
the  sums  of  money  awarded  to  settlers  in  that  valley  for 
their  improvements  there  would  be  paid.  I  have  answered 
these  letters,  but  as  the  subject  is  one  of  general  interest  to 
the  whole  people  of  eastern  Oregon,  I  deem  it  proper  to  write 
you,  so  that  you  may  give  publicity  to  the  views  of  the  In- 
dian department  on  the  subject. 

Some  time  ago  I  had  a  conversation  with  Hon.  E.  P. 
Smith,  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  on  this  matter 
and  urged  upon  him  the  propriety  of  rescinding  his  order 
setting  apart  Wsllowa  valley  as  an  Indian  reservation  for 
Joseph's  band  of  Nez  Perces.  He  then  said  that  probably  this 
would  be  done,  and  the  matter  might  remain  there  until 
further  notice.  On  Saturday  last  I  again  had  an  interview 
and  explained  how  important  it  was  for  those  in  the  valley 
and  others  who  intended  going  there  that  it  be  determined 
at  once  either  to  rescind  the  order  establishing  this  reserva- 

that  the  settlers  might  govern  their  movements  accordingly. 
The  commissioner  then  assured  me  that  nothing  more  would 
be  done  toward  establishing  a  reservation  there,  and  that 
the  settlers  in  the  Wallowa  valley  would  not  be  molested  in 
any  way  by  the  Indian  department.  Of  course  the  whole 
valley  is  now  open  to  settlement  by  the  whole  people.  In  the 

come  to  the  conclusion  to  amend  the  order  establishing  the 

priation  to  pay  the  sums  of  money  awarded  to  the  settlers 
some  two  years  ago  for  their  improvements  made  on  lands 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  intended  reservation. 

I  congratulate  the  people  of  Union  county  on  the  settle- 
ment of  this  perplexing  controversy  and  hope  no  disturbance 
will  hereafter  take  place  with  the  roving  bands  of  Indians 
who  caused  all  the  trouble  and  annoyance  which  have  taken 
place  in  regard  to  that  valley. 

Very  truly  yours, 

JAMES  K.  KELLY. 

Important  as  this  determination  of  the  matter  was 
to  the  whites,  it  wrought  no  radical  change  in  the 
attitude  of  the  Indians.  Indeed,  as  General  Howard 
unequivocally  states,  the  real  contention  of  Joseph  and 
other  malcontents,  the  prime  cause  of  all  the  difficulty, 
was  rebellion  against  submission  to  the  United  States 
government  or  any  of  its  officers.  It  was  summed  up 
laconically  in  Toohulhulsote's  insolent  query,  "Who 
gave  Washington  rule  over  me?"  Denying  as  they  did 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  the  Indians  were 
not  likely  to  pay  any  great  heed  to  the  order  opening 
again  to  settlement  the  Wallawo  valley.  They  con- 
tinued their  summer  wanderings  over  its  broad  acres 
nd  exercised  freely  the  prerogative  claimed  by  them 
if  going  when  and  where  they  pleased.  But  aside 
from  bickerings  and  threat  and  pow  wows,  creating 


it  Victim  of  the  Indians,  Killed  June  13,  1877. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


uncertainty  and  dread  in  the  minds  of  all  white  resi- 
dents in  and  contiguous  to  Wallowa  valley,  no  hostile 
movements  were  made  by  the  Indians  until  the  sum- 
mer of  1876.  The  immediate  cause  of  this  disturbance 
was  a  personal  conflict  between  two  white  men,  A. 
B.  Findley  and  Wells  McNall,  on  the  one  side,  and 
non-treaty  Indians  on  the  other.  The  white  men  were 
hunting  some  lost  horses  which  they  believed  the 
Indians  had  stolen.  Locating  an  Indian  camp  they 
proceeded  to  search  the  vicinity  for  the  horses.  The 
Indians  became  angered ;  an  altercation  arose,  and  one 
Indian  engaged  in  a  hand-to-hand  encounter  with  Mc- 
Nall, attempting  to  take  his  gun  from  him.  McNall 
called  to  Findley  to  shoot  the  Indian,  which  was  done, 
the  redskin  being  killed  instantly.  Both  white  men 
submitted  to  trial  at  Union  and  were  acquitted,  but 
the  Indians  were  not  satisfied  and  demanded  their  sur- 
render that  they  might  be  tried  by  Indian  law.  This 
was  denied  of  course  and  Joseph  ordered  the  whites 
to  leave  the  valley  within  a  specified  time,  upon  pain 
of  being  driven  out  in  case  they  failed  to  go  peacefully. 
The  whites  appealed  to  their  neighbors  for  help. 
Citizens  of  Union  and  other  towns  responded  promptly 
and  arrived  at  the  McNall  ranch  in  middle  Wallowa 
valley  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  the  day 
preceding  that  upon  which  Joseph  was  to  begin 
operations  in  case  the  valley  should  not  be  vacated  by 
the  whites. 

Inasmuch  .as  the  volunteers  numbered  only  about 
forty  it  was  determined  to  make  no  attack  upon  the 
Indians,  but  simply  to  prepare  for  defense.  Lieu- 
tenant Henry  Rinehart  was,  however,  ordered  to 
march  with  fifteen  men  to  the  upper  valley  for  the 
purpose  of  assisting  the  settlers  there  in  case  of  attack. 
Rinehart  and  his  command,  escorting  a  number  of  set- 
tlers and  their  families  returned  about  twelve  o'clock 
that  night  and  about  two  o'clock  next  morning,  Lieu- 
tenant Forse  from  Walla  Walla  arrived  with  forty- 
eight  regulars,  having  made  a  forced  march  to  reach 
the  scene  in  time  to  avert  or  participate  in  the  expected 
hostilities.  Next  day  the  soldiers  and  volunteers  were 
marched  to  the  upper  valley.  Forse  found  the  Indians 
on  the  summit  of  a  hill  near  the  Wallowa  lake,  all  of 
them  divested  of  superfluous  clothing,  decked  in  war 
paint,  well  armed  and  mounted,  drawn  up  in  battle 
array  and  prepared  generally  for  warfare.  Forse 
made  certain  demands  upon  them,  chiefly  to  the  effect 
that  they  should  remain  on  the  opposite  side  of  Hurri- 
cane creek  from  the  whites  and  abstain  from  depre- 
dations. Joseph  yielded  a  ready  compliance;  his  fol- 
lowers washed  off  their  paint  and  sweet  peace  con- 
tinued to  reign  in  the  beautiful  Wallowa  valley. 

In  November,  1876.  in  accordance  with  the  recom- 

to  Lapwai  for  the  purpose  of  endeavoring  to  adjust 
matters  with  Joseph,  his  brother  Ollicut,  and  all  other 
disaffected  non-treaty  Indians.  The  arguments  of  the 
commissioners  in  their  endeavor  to  induce  the  Indians 
to  settle  permanently  upon  some  reservation  were  met 
by  the  old  superstitious  doctrines  of  the  Dreamers,  who 
taught  "that  the  earth  being  created  by  God  complete, 
should  not  be  disturbed  by  man,  and  that  any  culti- 


vation of  the  soil,  or  other  improvements,  to  interfere 
with  its  natural  production, — any  improvements  in  the 
way  of  schools,  churches,  etc. — are  crimes  from  which 
they  shrink." 

"This  fanaticism,"  continued  Howard,  "is  kept  up 
by  the  superstition  of  these  'dreamers',  who  industri- 
ously teach  that  if  they  continue  steadfast  in  their 
present  belief  a  leader  will  be  raised  up  in  the  east 
who  will  restore  all  the  dead  Indians  to  life,  who  will 
unite  with  them  in  expelling  the  whites  from  their 
country,  when  they  will  again  enter  upon  and  repossess 
the  lands  of  their  ancestors. 

"Influenced  by  such  a  belief,  Joseph  and  his  band 
firmly  declined  to  enter  into  any  negotiations,  or  make 
any  arrangements  that  looked  to  a  final  settlement  of 
the  questions  pending  between  them  and  the  govern- 
ment. While  the  commission  gave  all  due  respect  to 
the  precedents  and  authorities  in  the  government  deal- 
ings with  the  Indians,  and  to  the  decisions  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  which  recognizes 
an  undefined  right  of  occupancy  by  Indians  to  large 
sections  of  the  country,  yet  in  view  of  the  fact  that  these 
Indians  do  not  claim  simply  this,  but  set  up  an  absolute 
title  to  the  land,  an  absolute  and  independent  sover- 
eignty, and  refuse  even  to  be  limited  in  their  claim 
and  control,  necessity,  humanity  and  good  sense  con- 
strain the  government  to  set  metes  and  bounds,  and 
give  regulations  to  these  non-treaty  Indians.  *  *  * 
And  if  the  principle  usually  applied  by  the  govern- 
ment, of  holding  that  the  Indians  with  whom  they  have 
treaties  are  bound  by  the  majority,  is  here  applied, 
Joseph  should  be  required  to  live  within  the  limits  of 
the  present  reservation.  *  *  * 

"If  these  Indians  overrun  lands  belonging  to  the 
whites,  and  commit  depredations  on  their  property, 
disturb  the  peace  by  threats  or  otherwise,  or  commit 
any  other  overt  acts  of  hostility,  we  recommend  the 
employment  of  sufficient  force  to  bring  them  into  sub- 
jection, and  to  place  them  upon  the  Nez  Perces  reser- 
vation. The  Indian  agent  at  Lapwai  should  be  fully 
instructed  to  carry  into  execution  these  suggestions, 
relying  at  all  times  upon  the  department  commander 
for  aid  when  necessary." 

With  unusual  promptness  the  government  early  in 
January,  1877,  issued  orders  to  Indian  Agent  J.  B. 
Monteith  to  carry  out  the  recommendations  of  the 
commission.  Howard  was  directed  to  occupy  the 
Wallowa  valley  and  co-operate  with  the  agent.  '  That 
officer  was  sending  friendly  Nez  Perces  to  Joseph, 
striving  vainly  to  induce  him  to  do  what  he  had  plainly 
told  the  commission  he  would  not  do,  come  upon  the 
Nez  Perce  reservation.  Joseph  was  interpreting  all 
his  friendly  overtures  as  signs  of  weakness,  and 
seemingly  was  becoming  more  and  more  established . 
in  his  determination  to  yield  no  whit  of  his  freedom 
but  strengthening  his  own  hands  by  effecting  under- 
standings with  other  disaffected  Indians. 

In  a  conference  with  General  Howard  at  Walla 
Walla,  April  20,  1877,  Ollicut  arranged  a  council  to 
meet  at  Lapwai  in  twelve  days,  in  which  the  demands 
of  the  government  and  the  position  of  the  Indians  were 
to  be  fully  set  forth.  Howard  was  there  per  appoint- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ment.  On  the  3d  of  May  the  first  talk  was  held  at 
Fort  Lapvvai,  Agent  Monteith,  P.  B.  Whitman,  official 
interpreter,  Joseph,  Ollicut  and  about  fifty  of  Joseph's 
band  being  present.  Two  days  of  council,  during 
which  the  demand  of  the  government  that  the  Indians 
go  upon  some  reservation  was  unequivocally  and  em- 
phatically made,  then  a  recess  until  May  7th.  Mean- 
while there  are  many  accessions  to  the  numbers  'of  the 
red  men  from  all  directions.  On  the  7th  a  somewhat 
stormy  council  is  held  in  which  Toohulhulsote  be- 
comes insolent,  refuses  to  go  upon  the  reservation  and 
is  arrested  by  Howard.  "My  conduct,"  says  the  gen- 
eral, "was  summary,  it  is  true,  but  I  knew  it  was 
hopeless  to  get  the  Indians  to  agree  to  anything  so 
long  as  they  could  keep  this  old  dreamer  on  the  lead 
and  defy  the  agents  of  the  government,  and  I  believe 
that  the  Modoc  massacre  would  very  soon  be  repeated 
if  I  gave  time  for  concert  of  action.'  In  fact,  in  deal- 
ing with  Indians,  my  conviction  is  strong  that  the 
true  policy  is  to  demand  obedience  to  the  requirements 
of  the  government  of  the  United  States.  The  crisis 
had  come,  when  either  this  demand  must  be  made,  or 
these  wild  Indians  be  allowed  all  the  latitude  and 
leisure  that  their  hearts  desired." 

When  Toohulhulsote's  evil  influence  was  gone  the 
Indians  readily  agreed  to  go  next  day  to  examine  the 
Lapwai  valley,  and  later  the  Clearwater  country  to 
see  how  they  would  like  them  for  homes.  They  did  so, 
giving  all  the  time  evidences  of  benevolent  intentions. 
Soon  word  came  that  they  had  determined  to  go  upon 
the  reserve,  they  even  designating  what  parts  each  band 
desired.  On  May  I4th  all  came  together  again  at  Lap- 
wai for  a  final  conference.  At  this  it  was  agreed  that 
the  Indians  should  be  upon  the  reservation  in  one 
month,  or  by  June  Uth.  except  Hushhushcute,  who  was 
given  thirty-five  clays :  the  object  of  the  council  seemed 
to  have  been  satisfactorily  accomplished  and  there  was 
rejoicing  in  consequence. 

All  the  traditions  and  history  of  the  Nez  Perces  tribe 
favored  the  assumption  that  the  non-treaties  would  do 
just  as  they  agreed  and  that  there  would  be  no  more 
trouble.  The  agents  of  the  government  occupied  the 
intervening  thirty  days  in  gathering  in  other  bands  to 
the  Yakima  reservation,  so  as  to  weaken  the  power  of 
Joseph  in  case  he  should  meditate  treachery,  though 
this  was  considered  a  very  remote  possibility'.  To  one 
looking  backward  it  would  seem  that  the  wiser  course 
would  have  been  to  put  in  practice  the  European  max- 
im, "In  time  of  peace  prepare  for  war."  Had  a  suffi- 
cient force  been  concentrated  in  the  storm  center,  it 
it  probable  that  the  malcontent  Indians  would  have  gone 
on  the  reserve  without  resistance,  but  in  endeavoring 
to  win  the  Indians  by  smiles,  rather  than  subdue  them 
by  a  show  of  force,  the  agents  of  the  government  were 
acting  in  consistency  with  the  general  peace  policy  of 
the  government, — the  policy  which  has  resulted  in 
much  unnecessary  bloodshed.  That  policy  has  been 
fostered  by  many  eastern  would-be  philanthropists, 
whose  knowledge  of  Indian  character  comes  from  the 
imaginings  of  the  romance  writer,  and  to  whose  super- 
fine sensibilities  a  vigorous  demand  of  the  government 
that  the  Indians  obcv  its  laws  as  white  men  have  to, 


a  determined  purpose  to  compel  them  to  do  so  at  what- 
ever cost,  is  an  unthinkable  cruelty.  But  the  conduct 
of  the  various  malcontent  bands  during  the  thirty  days 
of  grace  certainly  looked  much  like  peace ;  the  gather- 
ing of  Indians  on  the  borders  of  the  Nez  Perces  reserva- 
tion was  naturally  interpreted  as  a  step  in  compliance 
with  their  agreement  of  May  14,  and  the  burst  of  war 
came,  therefore,  as  a  thunderbolt  out  of  a  clear  sky. 
Even  the  settlers  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  reserve 
were  deceived,  though  there  were  some  signs  of  the  ap- 
proaching storm  had  they  been  interpreted  aright. 

There  were  four  distinct  bands  of  non-treaty  In- 
dians :  Joseph's,  who  made  their  home  in  the  Wa'llowa 
and  Imnaha  valleys :  White  Bird's,  or  the  Salmon  river 
Indians;  Looking  Glass's,  whose  home  was  on  Clear 
creek,  a  branch  of  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Clearwater ; 
and  a  small  band  under  Toohulhulsote,  the  "Dreamer," 
who  remained  on  the  Snake  river  most  of  the  year. 
Of  the  friendly  chiefs  who  were  in  close  proximity  to 
Camas  prairie  we  may  mention  Kooskoos-Xela,  Cap- 
tain John,  Eagle-of-the'-Light  and  Blacktail.  Of  course 
there  was  more  or  less  intercourse  continually  among 
these  Indians  and  between  the  Indians  and  the  settlers 
around  them.  For  years  the  whites  on  Camas  prairie 
and  their  dark  skinned  neighbors  had  lived  at  peace 
with  each  other,  save  that  now  and  then  some  alter- 
cation of  minor  importance  might  occur.  They  had 
traded  together,  herded  stock  together  and  been  very 
neighborly.  No  serious  animosities  existed  between 
them. 

Down  on  the  Salmon,  however,  the  feeling  between 
the  two  races  was  not  as  fraternal  as  it  should  have 
been.  There,  many  serious  quarrels  had  arisen  over 
the  possession  of  land  and  over  other  important  mat- 
ters. Many  of  the  whites  had  settled  upon  choice 
tracts  of  land,  which,  although  not  included  in  the 
reservation,  the  Indians  considered  as  still  theirs  by 
reason  of  the  fact  that  they  had  never  relinquished  their 
title  to  it  to  the  United  States.  The  case  was  parallel 
to  that  existing  in  the  Wallowa  valley.  The  whites 
considered  that  the  land  was  public  domain  and  acted 
accordingly  without  consulting  the  desires  of  the  In- 
dians. .Then,  too,  two  or  three  traders  on  the  Salmon 
frequently  supplied  the  redskins  with  liquor  and  in  one 
instance  this  practice  led  to  an  open  fight  between  the . 
proprietor  of  the  establishment  and  the  Indians,  in 
the  course  of  which  one  of  the  Indians  was  seriously 
wounded.  This  white,  too,  was  remembered  by  the 
revengeful  hostiles  and  when  war  broke  out  he  lost 
his  life  among  the  very  first.  Some  of  the  settlers  here 
considered  these  and  all  other  Indians  as  wholly  bad 
and  treated  them  accordingly,  all  of  which  fostered  the 
enmity  slowly  rising.  The  remainder  of  the  settlers, 
those  who  were  on  friendly  terms  with  the  Indians, 
were  generally  well  treated  by  the  latter  until  hostili- 
ties had  commenced  when  the  universal  Indian  trait 
of  indiscrimination  asserted  itself. 

This  was  the  status  of  affairs  when,  a  short  time 
before  the  council,  a  petition  was  circulated  among  the 
residents  of  Idaho  county  praying  the  government  to 
remove  the  non-treaty  Indians  onto  the  reservation. 
Some  signed  the  petition ;  some  refused,  in  the  belief 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


that  these  Indians  could  be  more  easily  handled  by 
not  confining  them  too  closely.  This  latter  class  were 
also  wise  enough  to  see  that  the  enforcement  of  this 
order  would  lead  to  immediate  trouble,  which  they 
wished  to  avoid  as  long  as  possible.  The  crisis  came 
as  soon  as  the  government  attempted  to  carry  out  the 
wish  of  these  petitioners  and  it  is  worth  noting  that  the 
blow  fell  most  heavily  on  those  whom  the  Indians 
found  had  signed  the  'document. 

Sometime  in  April,  1877,  friendly  Salmon  River 
Indians  came  to  the  house  of  Charles  Cone  on  the  Sal- 
mon and  told  him  that  the  Indians  were  surely  going  to 
fight;  that  they  would  never  go  on  the  reservation; 
and  that  the  Indians  expected  to  settle  some  old  scores, 
naming  their  intended  victims.  They  warned  the  set- 
tlers of  what  was  coming,  but  few  believed  that  the 
Indians  were  really  in  earnest.  The  Cones,  Woods, 
and  Joshua  Fockler,  however,  organized  for  protection, 
preparing  their  weapons  and  replenishing  their  supply 
of  ammunition  and  for  one  night,  stood  guard. 

On  Camas  prairie  the  Indians  were  slowly  gather- 
ing all  through  the  month  of  May  and  preparing  for 
the  conflict.  From  time  to  time"  they  warned  their 
white  friends  that  trouble  was  coming  and  to  them 
they  reiterated  their  intention  of  refusing  to  go  upon 
the  reservation.  The  redskins  visited  Grangeville  and 
Mount  Idaho  in  large  numbers  and  purchased  all  the 
ammunition  and  weapons  they  could  secure,  conceal- 
ing their  hostile  motives  of  course.  They  gathered 
their  hundreds  of  ponies,  bought  cattle  or  obtained 
them  by  trade,  purchased  and  by  other  means  secured 
al!  the  provisions  and  supplies  possible,  and  in  differ- 
ent ways  prepared  for  the  coming  conflict.  From  out- 
side appearances  they  might  have  been  preparing  to 
go  on  the  reservation  and  in  fact  this  was  the  inter- 
pretation placed  upon  their  actions  by  a  majority  of 
the  settlers  on  the  prairie. 

The  Indians'  rendezvous  was  at  the  head  of  Rocky 
canyon,  one' of  the  eastern  arms  of  the  Salmon  river 
canyon,  lying  eight  miles  west  of  Grangeville.  The 
smaller  canyon  derives  its  name  from  its  rocky  appear- 
ance. It  cuts  a  furrow  hundreds  of  feet  deep  and  four 
miles  in  length  through  basalt,  forming  a  region  un- 
excelled for  the  Indians'  purposes.  Here  they  herded 
their  stock,  killed  beef  cattle  and  "jerked"'  the  meat, 
stored  their  supplies  in  a  wonderful  cave,  and  pre- 
pared to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  possible  in  defense 
of  their  libertv.  At  the  head  of  the  south  fork  of  this 


came  from  the  timbered  mountain  a  few  miles  south- 
ward and  finally  found  their  way  through  the  narrow 
canyon  to  the  rushing  river  hundreds  of  feet  below. 
Around  these  lakes  the  Indians  erected  their  tepees. 
During  the  early  days  of  June  the  non-treaties,  with 
the  exception  of  Looking-glass's  band,  assembled  in 
larger  numbers  than  ever  at  this  delightful  camping 
ground,  holding  councils  and  drills  during  the  day 
time  and  dances  at  night.  Regular  picket  lines  were 
established  which  apprised  the  plotting  redskins  of 
the  approach  of  whites  and  in  some  cases  warned  them 
off  the  grounds.  Here  they  argued  for  and  against 


illv 


e  about  evenly  divided  on  the  question  of  submit- 
ting peaceably  to  the  inevitable  or  going  to  war. 

Hon.  Frank  A.  Fenn  says  that  word  was  sent  to 
the  commander  at  Fort  Lapwai  by  L.  P.  Brown  nearly 
ten  days  previous  to  the  outbreak,  notifying  that  officer 
of  the  alarming  condition  of  affairs  on  the  prairie  and 
suggesting  that  it  would  be  well  to- watch  them  closely. 
On  the  I3th,  Mr.  Fenn  says  Tucallacasena,  a  brother 
if  Looking-glass,  notified  Ad.  Chapman  and  M.  H. 
Rice  that  the  Indians  were  practically  on  the  war  path 
and  warned  the  whites  that  they  must  be  on  their 

General  Howard  says  that  the  first  slight  inkling 
of  something  wrong  came  to  Fort  Lapwai  in  the  shape 
of  a  letter,  bearing  date  of  Tune  I4th.  from  L.  P. 
Brown,  of  Mount  Idaho,  stating  that  Mr.  Overman 
from  the  head  of  Rocky  canyon  had  come  in  with  his 
friends,  very  much  alarmed  at  the  actions  of  the  In- 
dians, who,  they  said,  were  insolent,  taciturn  in  their 
communications  with  the  whites,  and  hostile  in  their 
general  demeanor.  "Yesterday,"  continues  the  letter, 
"they  had  a  grand  parade.  About  a  hundred  were 
mounted,  and  well  armed  and  went  through  the  man- 
euvers of  a  fight — were  thus  engaged  for  about  two 
hours.  They  say,  openly,  that  they  are  going  to  fight 
the  soldiers  when  they  come  to  put  them  on  the  reser- 
vation, and  I  understand  that  they  expect  them  up  on 
Friday  next.  A  good  many  were  in  town  today, 
and  were  trying  to  obtain  powder  and  other 
ammunition.  *  *  *  I  do  not  feel  any  alarm,  but 
thought  it  well  to  inform  you  of  what  was  going  on 
among  them.  *  *  *  I  believe  it  would  be  well  for 
you  to  send  up,  as  soon  as  you  can.  a  sufficient  force  to 
handle  them  without  gloves,  should  they  be  disposed  to 
resist.  Sharp  and  prompt  action  will  bring  them  to 
understand  that  they  must  comply  with  the  orders  of 
the  government.  We  trust  such  action  will  be  taken  by 
you,  so  as  to  remove  them  from  the  neighborhood  and 
quiet  the  feelings  of  the  people." 

This  was  followed  up  next  day  by  two  communi- 
cations of  a  much  more  startling  nature  which  follow : 

MOUNT  IDAHO,  ?A.  M.,  Friday.  June  15,  '77- 
COM  MAN-DING  OFFICER  FORT  LAPWAI. 

Last  night  we  started  a  messenger  to  you.  who  reached 
Cottonwood  House,  where  he  was  wounded  and  driven  back 
by  the  Indians.  The  people  of  Cottonwood  undertook  to 

or  killed.  Partie°  this  morning  found  some  of  them  on  the 
prairie.  The  wounded  will  be  here  shortly,  when  we  will 
get  full  particulars.  The  whites  are  engaged,  about  forty  of 
them,  in  getting  in  the  wounded.  One  thing  is  certain;  we 
are  in  the  midst  of  an  Indian  war.  Every  family  is  here,  and 
we  have  taken  all  the  precautions  we  can.  but  are  poorly 
armed.  We  want  arms  and  ammunition  and  help  at  once. 

were  killed  yesterday  on  the  Salmon  "river.  Xo~  later  word 
from  them;  fear  that  the  people  are  all  killed,  as  a  party  of 
Indians  were  seen  going  that  way  last  night.  Send  to  Lewis- 
ton,  and  hasten  up.  You  cannot  imagine  the  people  in  a 
wor:,e  condition  than  they  are  here.  Mr.  West  has  volun- 


ruly. 


L.  P. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


MOUNT  IDAHO,  8  A.  M.,  June  15/77- 
COMMANDING  OFFICER  FORT  LAPWAI. 

I  have  just  sent  a  dispatch  by  Mr.  West,  half-breed.  Since 
that  was  written  the  wounded  have  come  in— Mr.  Day,  mor- 
tally; Mrs.  Norton  with  both  legs  broken;  Moore  sho' 

ough   the   hip;    Norton   killed    and   left   in   the    road,    si> 


nilea 


aandoned.  The  Indians  have  possession  of  the  prairie,  and 
threaten  Mount  Idaho.  All  the  people  are  here,  and  we  will 
do  the  best  we  can.  Lose  no  time  in  getting  up  with  a  force. 
Stop  the  stage  and  all  "through  travelers."  Give  us  relief, 


through  1  feat  the  people  on  Salmon  have" all  been  killed, 
as  a  party  was  seen  going  that  way  last  night.  We  had  a 
report  last  night  that  seven  whites  had  been  killed  on  Sal- 
long  toe;  he  is  with*  u**™  "  "L*?.  Buoww.  * 
P.  S. — Send  a  despatch  to  town  for  the  express  not  to 
start  up  unless  heavily  escorted.  Give  the  bearer  a  fresh 
horse,  and  send  him  back.  CHAPMAN. 

Howard  sent  a  brief  reply  to  Mr.  Brown,  announc- 
ing the  despatch  of  two  companies  of  cavalry  and  en- 
joining upon  him  to  ''cheer  the  people."  Meanwhile 
all  was  bustle  at  Fort  Lapwai.  Colonel  Perry  was 
despatched  forthwith  to  the  scene  of  the  trouble  with 
ninety  men,  all  that  could  be  spared  from  the  fort. 
Captain  Wilkinson  and  Lieutenant  Bomus  were  sent 
post  haste  to  Walla  Walla  with  messages  for  more 
troops  from  Wallowa,  Walla  Walla  and  Portland,  with 
a  request  for  supplies  from  the  last  named  point,  also 
for  twenty-five  scouts  from  General  McDowell  at  San 
Francisco. 

But  before  proceeding  further  in  the  account  of  the 
military  operations,  we  must  turn  back  to  the  evening 
of  Tune  1 3th  in  order  to  find  out  more  definitely  the 
cause  of  all  this  bustle  and  excitement.  During  the  day 
several  Indians  came  down  from  the  prairie  to  the 
Mamie!  ranch  on  White  Bird  creek,  where  they  utilized 
Mr.  Manuel's  grindstone  in  sharpening  their  knives 
and  other  edged  weapons.  They  acted  very  friendly 
and  aroused  no  suspicions  in  the  minds  of  the  doomed 
family  who  watched  the  operations.  Farther  up  the 
Salmon  at  early  dusk  three  young  Indians  drew  up 
their  ponies  at  the  Cone  ranch  and  dismounting,  en- 
tered the  house.  None  of  them  was  over  twenty-one 
years  old  and  two  of  them,  Tipulahna-Caps-Caps 
(Strong  Eagle)  and  Sopsis-Ilp-Ilp  (Red  Leggins), 
Salmon  Rivers,  were  old  friends  of  the  Cone  family. 
The  other  Indian  was  a  member  of  Joseph's  band. 
They  asked  for  bread  for  themselves  and  bullets  for 
their  weapon,  a  44-calibre  Colt's  cap  and  ball  revolver. 
The  Indians  were  given  the  bread,  and  Charles,  one 
of  the  sons,  would  have  supplied  the  ammunition  asked 
for  as  he  and  the  Indians  were  good  friends  and  had 
often  hunted  together,  but  for  the  fact  that  the  amount 
he  had  on  hand  was  very  limited.  The  Indians  ex- 
plained that  they  were  on  a  hunting  expedition  and 
after  exchanging  a  few  more  words  again  mounted 
their  animals  and  pushed  on  up  the  river.  That  night 
they  camped  as  is  supposed  in  the  brush  near  Richard 
Divine's  place. 

Richard  Divine  was  an  old,  retired  English  sailor 
living  alone  on  his  ranch  on  the  Salmon  six  miles  above 


John  Day  creek.  So  far  as  known  he  had  never 
wronged  the  Indians  nor  had  he  ever  had  any  trouble 
with  them.  But  he  did  possess  a  new,  improved  rifle, 
fitted  with  hair  sights,  and  reputed  to  be  one  of  the 
finest  in  this  section.  The  possession  of  this  weapon 
proved  the  cause  of  his  death.  As  the  old  man  came 
out  of  the  house  some  time  that  night  or  the  next 
morning,  a  pistol  shot  rang  out  and  he  fell.  Whether 
his  wound  was  instantly, fatal  or  not  is  unknown,  but 
he  was  dead  when  found,  though  his  body  was  still 


Securing  the  coveted  rifle  the  three  young  murder- 
ers took  the  trail  down  the  river.  Arriving  at  the 
Elfers  ranch  at  the  mouth  of  John  Day  creek,  they  be- 
came the  chief  actors  in  another  tragedy.  Mrs.  Elfers, 
now  Mrs.  C.  M.  Cleary,  is  our  authority  for  the  story 
of  this  terrible  event.  She  says  she  saw  the  Indians 
pass  her  home  on  their  way  up  to  Divine's  place  on  the 
evening  of  June  I3th,  and  that  they  stopped  at  the 
stock  corral  to  talk  with  Mr.  Elfers  and  the  other  men. 
On  the  morning  of  the  i-4th,  (she  is  positive  as  to  the 
date)  her  husband,  Robert  Bland  and  "Harry"  Beck- 
roge  were  killed  by  them.  The  real  name  of  the  last 
mentioned  individual  was  Burn  Beckroge,  but  he  was 
universally  named  Harry  after  a  brother  of  his  who 
had  been  a  resident  of  the  Salmon  river  and  had  died 
previous  to  Burn's  coming.  On  the  morning  of  the 
fatal  day  Beckroge  and  Bland  went  up  to  the  bench 
land  south  of  and  above  the  house  to  get  the  horses. 
The  men  were  engaged  in  hay  making  at  the  time. 

Mr.  Elfers  remained  at  the  house,  attending  to  the 
cows.  He  had  just  gone  into  a  room  of  the  house  and 
was  putting  on  a  pair  of  moccasins,  when  two  of  the  In- 
dians came  up  and  entered  the  office,  apparently  look- 
ing for  him.  Mrs.  Elfers  came  out  of  the  milk  house 
just  in  time  to  see  them  and  one  of  them  spoke  to  her. 
She  passed  around  the  further  end  of  the  house  to 
enter  the  kitchen  by  the  back  door.  The  Indian  was 
standing  at  the  entrance  of  the  office  when  he  spoke. 
Soon  the  Indians  disappeared  and  Mrs.  Elfers  believed 
they  had  left  the  place  entirely.  When  Mr.  Elfers 
finished  putting  on  his  moccasins,  he  started  up  the 
hill  to  the  field,  and  his  wife  followed  him  with  her  eyes 
some  distance.  That  was  the  last  time  she  saw  him 
alive.  The  Indians  shot  him  immediately  after  he 
reached  the  edge  of  the  plateau  above.  It  appears  that 
they  had  already  killed  Bland  and  Beckroge  and  that 
one  of  their  number  had  been  left  on  guard  in  the  field 
while  the  two  others  came  to  the  house  to  look  for 
Elfers.  Mrs.  Elfers  did  not  hear  the  shots,  the  noise 
of  the  guns  having  been  drowned  by  that  of  the  stream, 
but  Victor,  a  Frenchman  living  further  down  John 
Day  creek,  saw  the  smoke  of  the  guns  and  became  sus- 
picious that  something  was  wrong.  He  communicated 

investigate.  An  invalid  named  Whitfield,  who  had 
been  out  hunting  mountain  sheep,  had  returned  and 
discovered  the  remains  of  Elfers,  Bland  and  Beckroge. 
He  notified  Norman  Gould  and  his  hired  man  at  the 
saw  mill  and  the  two  accompanied  him  to  the  scene  of 
the  murder,  bringing  their  guns.  Mrs.  Elfers  saw  the 
Indians  return  to  the  house  after  they  had  killed  the 


The  Ranch  where  H.  Elfers.  Henry  Beckroge  and  R.  S.  Bland  were  Killed  by  the  Indians,  June  13,  1877. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


53 


three  men.  They  entered  the  office,  but  soon  came  out 
again  passed  by  her  at  the  milk  house,  mounted  the 
horses  and  rode  away.  Mrs.  Elfers  did  not  notice  that 
they  were  riding  her  husband's  animals,  though  it  was 
later  ascertained  that  they  had  exchanged  their  ponies 
for  three  of  their  victim's  horses.  They  also  secured 
Mr.  Elfers'  rifle  without  her  knowing  of  it.  The' 


horse 


being  a  trained  race  horse.  The  Indians  did  not  tarry 
long  at  the  Elfers  place,  fearing  the  return  of  Whit- 
field,  who  they  knew  was  armed  and  out  hunting 
mountain  sheep. 

Having  departed  from  the  Elfers  ranch,  the  three 
Indians  passed  on  down  the  river  avoiding  the  Cone 
house  by  leaving  the  trail.  A  mile  and  a  half  below 
the  Cone  ranch,  Charles  Cone,  Sr.,  was  at  his  placer 
mine.  When  the  redskins  came  in  sight  of  him  they 

demanded  if  he  knew  their  horses.  Cone  had  of  course 
immediately  recognized  the  horses  and  detected  that 
something  was  wrong,  but  with  admirable  presence  of 
mind  he  answered  in  the  negative.  The  Indians  told 
him  to  go  home  and  stay  there ;  that  they  were  very 
mad  and  would  fight.  Glad  of  the  change  to  escape  so 
easily,  Mr.  Cone  obeyed  their  command. 

Not  far  below  the  mine,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river,  Joe  Amera,  a  friendly  California  Indian  lived. 
Opposite  his  place  the  three  hostiles  stopped  and 
sought  to  entice  him  across  the  river.  Whether  they 
wished  to  kill  him  or  simply  wanted  him  to  join  their 
crowd  is  not  known,  but  at  all  events  Joe  simply  par- 
leyed with  them  without  yielding  to  their  wishes  and 
at  last  they  retired. 

Probably  being  well  aware  that  Harry  Mason  and 
William  Osborne  were  well  armed  and  the  former  was 
an  experienced  Indian  fighter,  the  Indians  avoided  an 
encounter  at  the  Mason  place.  Near  the  mouth  of 
White  Bird  they  met  Samuel  Benedict,  who  was  out 
looking  after  stock,  and  wounded  him,  the  bullet  taking 
effect  in  his  legs.  Although  seriously  injured  he  man- 
aged to  make  his  way  home,  where  he  gave  his  wife  his 
valuable  papers  and  some  gold  dust  and  urged  her  to 
flee  to  the  woods.  This  the  brave  woman  refused  to 
do.  preferring  to  remain  with  and  care  for  her  wounded 
husband.  A  number  of  Indians  had  a  quarrel  with 
Benedict  shortly  before  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  dur- 
ing which  one  named  Nosenocope  had  received  a 
charge  of  fine  shot,  and  the  shooting  of  Benedict  is 
thought  by  some  to  have  been  in  revenge  for  this  in- 
jury ': 

After  the  attack  on  Benedict  the  young  warriors 
turned  their  horses  up  White  Bird  cre'ek  and  during 
the  afternoon  rejoined  their  fellows  at  the  head  of 
Rocky  canyon.  On  arriving  here  they  announced, 
"Now  you  have  to  fight,"  and  appeared  to  be  in  high 
glee  over  the  part  they  had  taken.  It  was  true  that  the 
Rubicon  had  been  crossed :  the  war  party  was  so  strong 
that  it  would  never  permit  the  murderers  to  be  arrested 
and  now  that  the  breach  had  been  opened,  the  In- 
dians voted  to  commence  general  hostilities.  Here  the 
three  secured  about  fifteen  recruits  and  under  the 


leadership  of  Mox  Mox    (Yellow   Bull)    immediately 
returned  to  the  Salmon  river. 

Meanwhile,  James  Baker,  a  man  seventy-four 
years  old  living  on  White  Bird  creek,  and  Patrick 
Price  (or  Brice)  had  become  aware  of  the  attack  on 
Benedict  and  had  warned  the  Manuels  of  their  danger. 
They  decided  to  seek  a  place  of  greater  safety  at  once. 
Mrs.  Manuel  and  her  baby  were  placed  on  one  horse. 
Mr.  Manuel  and  his  seven  year  old  daughter  Maggie 
mounted  another  and  Mr.  Baker  rode  a  third.  Mrs. 
Manuel's  father,  George  Popham,  and  Pat  Price  re- 
mained in  the  brush  near  the  house  to  await  develop- 
ments. The  Manuels  and  Baker  started  for  the  latter's 
stone  cellar,  where  they  purposed  to  defend  themselves. 
Hardly  had  they  started,  however,  before  Mox  Mox 
and  his  band  were  upon  them.  Manuel  and  his  daugh- 
ter were  wounded  and  fell  from  the  horse  they  were 
riding,  Mrs.  Manuel  and  her  baby  were  thrown  from 
their  horse,  and  Baker  fell  to  the'  ground,  pierced  by 
arrows.  Manuel,  wounded,  ultimately  escaped  to  the 
settlements  after  wandering  in  the  brush  and  woods 
for  thirteen  days,  while  Maggie  was  carried  to  the  fort 
at  Mount  Idaho  by  Pat  Price.  The  Indians  carried 
Mrs.  Manuel  and  her  baby  back  to  the  house  and 
forced  her  to  give  up  the  ammunition  left  there.  After 
securing  this  they  again  took  the  trail  down  the  creek, 
passing  the  Masons  and  Osbornes  and  William 
George,  but  this  party  kept  in  the  brush  and  the  In- 
dians appear  to  have  been  afraid  to  go  in  after  them. 
In  the  exchange  of  shots  which  followed  the  meeting 
George  was  wounded  in  the  thumb.  That  night  he 
left  the  rest  of  the  party  and  proceeded  to  Mount  Idaho, 
where  he  gave  the  first  authentic  news  of  the  Salmon 
river  murders. 

At  the  mouth  of  White  Bird  creek  the  Indians 
found  Benedict  in  his  store  and  saloon  and  killed  him. 
A  Frenchman  named  August  Bacon  who  was  with 
Benedict  was  also  killed  here.  Indians  state  that  they 
offered  Bacon  his  life  of  he  would  come  out,  leaving 
Benedict,  but  he  refused  to  desert  his  wounded  com- 
panion. 

From  the  mouth  of  the  creek  the  Indians  went  down 
the  river  a  mile  to  H.  C.  Brown's  store.  Brown  saw 
them  coming  and  together  with  his  wife  and  brother- 
in-law,  Andrew  Bensching,  escaped  across  the  Sal- 
mon in  a  boat,  though  Brown  was  slightly  wounded. 
All  took  refuge  in  the  woods.  Several  days  later 
Bensching  came  to  Mount  Idaho  and  subsequently 
Brown  and  his  wife  were  rescued  near  Cottonwood  by 
a  party  under  Henry  C.  Johnson.  The  night  of  the 
I4th  the  Indians  spent  in  debauchery  at  Brown's  store, 
which  they  looted,  helping  themselves  freely  to  the 
goods  and  liquors  on  the  shelves.  They  remained  un- 
til morning,  when  they  started  for  the  Mason  ranch. 

During  the  previous  night  the  Masons  and  Os- 
bornes had  decided  to  return  to  their  homes.  They 
proceeded  to  the  Mason  ranch,  where  they  concealed 
themselves  in  a  nearby  gluch.  Here  they  remained 
for  some  time,  but  eventually,  as  the  story  "is  told,  the 
children  became  hungry  and  the  party  was  forced  to 
do  something  for  them.  They  accordingly  went  to 


HISTORY  "OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  house  of  Osborne  to  procure  something  edible,  and 
while  they  were  there  the  Indians  attacked  them.  As 
afterwards  told  the  Cone  brothers  by  Yellow  Bull,  the 
redskins  offered  to  allow  the  rest  of  the  party  to  go 
unmolested  if  thev  would  deliver  Mason.  It  seems 
that  Mason  had  had  difficulty  with  an  Indian  early  in 
the  spring  and  moreover  he  was  a  thorough  Indian 
hater.  Of  course  the  whites  refused  to  deliver  him 
and  the  redskins  attacked  the  little  party.  Osborne, 
Francois  Chodozo  and  Mason  were  killed,  after  which 
the  women,  Mrs.  Mason,  Mrs.  Osborne  and  Mrs. 
Walsh,  a  sister  of  Mason,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
savages  and  were  shamefully  treated.  Subsequently 
the  Indians  allowed  them  to  proceed  to  Slate  creek 
where  the  first  news  of  this  last  of  the  Salmon  river 
outrages  was  reported.  A  Frenchman  known  as 
"Shoemake."  who  had  escaped  the  Indians,  joined  the 
women  a  short  distance  from  the  scene  of  the  attack 
and  accompanied  them  to  the  fort.  After  the  battle 
of  White  Bird  the  Indians  returned  to  Mason's  store 
and  spent  a  night  in  carousing  and  general  debauchery, 
ending  their  merry  making  by  burning  the  buildings. 
In  fact  nearly  all  of  the  buildings  destroyed  along  the 
Salmon  were  burned  after  this  Indian  victory. 

But  we  must  return  to  the  home  of  John  j.  Manuel 
whose  wife  and  baby  were  left  unharmed  by  Mox 
Mox's  band  after  these  Indians  had  secured  the  cov- 
eted ammunition.  There  has  been  much  discussion 
relative  to  the  murder  of  Mrs.  Manuel  and  her  little 
son  and  some  difference  of  opinion  exists  as  to  whether 
or  not  Chief  Joseph  was  a  participant  in  it. 

It  is  generally  believed  by  Salmon  river  residents 
that  the  famous 'chief  tain  was  guilty  of  participation 
in  the  dastardly  affair,  and  that  he  killed  Mrs.  Manuel 
with  his  own  hand.  The  following  is  the  story  of  Mrs. 
Maggie  Bowman,  nee  Manuel,  the  only  white  eye- 
witness, who  was  but  seven  years  old  at  the  time: 

"Our  family  consisted  of  my  father  and  mother, 
sister  Julia  (now  Mrs.  W.  K.  Knox,  of  Grangeville), 
a  baby  brother  eleven  months  old,  grandfather  and 
myself.  With  the  exception  of  my  sister  Julia,  who 
was  in  school  at  Mount  Idaho,  we  were  all  at  home 
when  James  Baker  and  Patrick  Price  came  to  the 
house  and  told  us  that  the  Indians  had  wounded  Mr. 
Benedict  and  that  we  had  better  flee  for  our  lives. 
They  suggested  that  we  go  to  Air.  Baker's  stone  cellar, 
about  a  mile  down  the  creek,  and  there  leave  the 
women  while  the  men  defended  the  place. 

"We  started  immediately.  I  mounted  father's 
horse  behind  him,  while  mother  and  the  baby  took  an- 
other animal.  Grandfather  (George  Popham),  and 
Patrick  Price  remained  at  the  house.  We  had  pro- 
ceeded about  half  a  mile  on  our  journey  when,  looking 
to  a  hill  we  had  descended,  I  saw  several  Indians  com- 
ing toward  us  on  a  run,  yelling  and  whooping  at  the 
top  of  their  voices.  The'  Indians  are  coming,'  I  said 
to  father.  Just  as  the  Indians  appeared,  the  horses 
we  rode  became  frightened  at  the  noise  and  stam- 
peded, separating  father  from  mother.  The  Indians 
opened  fire  on  us  with  arrows,  the  first  arrow  striking 
my  left  arm  near  the  shoulder.  An  arrow  struck  me 
in  the  back  of  the  head  and  glanced  and  pierced  my 


father's  neck.  An  Indian,  who  had  only  two  cart- 
ridges as  we  afterward  learned,  fired  at  father  at  the 
same  time  and  shot  him  through  the  hips.  A  second 
bullet  burned  one  of  his  ears.  Father  was  also  wounded 
between  the  shoulders  by  an  arrow.  The  wound 
through  the  hips  caused  him  to  fall  from  the  horse, 
'dragging  me  with  him.  Our  horse  had  taken  us  to 
the  top  of  the  hill  before  we  fell  from  the  saddle. 

"Father  saw  that  our  only  chance  was  to  roll  down 
the  hillside  into  the  brush  and  this  we  did,  meanwhile 
undergoing  the  rock  throwing  of  the  Indians.  One 
rock  broke  father's  little  finger  and  another  struck  me 
on  the  forehead.  The  redskins  were  afraid  to  follow 
us,  doubtless  thinking  that  father  still  had  his  pistols. 
Very  foolishly  we  had  left  all  weapons  and  ammuni- 
tion at  the  house  with  the  idea  of  showing  any  In- 
dians we  might  meet  that  we  were  peaceable. 

"Meanwhile,  Mr.  Baker  had  fallen  from  his  horse 
at  the  first  flight  of  arrows.  The  redskins  surrounded 
him  and  one  of  them  pointed  an  arrow  into  the  old 
man's  face.  He  courageously  thrust  it  away,  >ut  was 
unable  to  maintain  the  unequal  contest  and  trie  next 
instant  fell  lifeless,  being  riddled  with  arrows. 

"Mother's  horse  threw  her  and  the  baby  and  in  the 
fall  one  of  her  knee  caps  was  broken*  and  the  baby 
injured.  Afterwards  she  said  that  two  or  three  of  the 
Indians  took  her  to  the  house  and  promised  not  to  in- 
jure her  if  she  would  give  up  the  ammunition  and  a 
fine  rifle  that  father  had.  She  did  this  and  was  un- 
injured by  her  captors. 

"As  soon  as  the  Indians  left  the  place,  grand- 
father and  Mr.  Price  came  into  the  house.  Mother 
told  them  where  we  had  crawled  and  grandfather  came 
to  us.  He  brought  me  to  the  house  about  dark  and 
left  blankets,  food  and  water  for  father. 

"That  night  mother,  the  baby,  myself,  Mrs.  Bene- 
dict and  children  (who  had  come  over  to  the  house 
after  Mr.  Benedict's  death)  and  the  men  stayed  in 
the  brush.  The  next  morning  Mrs.  Benedict  tried  to 
persuade  us  to  go  up  the  creek  and  escape  to  the 
prairie,  but  mother  and  grandfather  decided  to  return' 
to  the  house,  thinking  that  the  danger  was  oast.  Then, 
too,  mother  refused  to  leave  father  alone  in  the  brush, 
wounded  and  without  aid.  So  we  returned  to  the 
house,  except  Mrs.  Benedict  who  took  her  children  and 
started  up  the  creek  where  she  was  subsequently 
rescued. 

"Mother  and  I  went  to  bed  while  Mr.  Popham  and 
Mr.  Price  stood  guard.  Along  in  the  forenoon,  Mox 
Mox  and  a  band  of  White  Bird  Indians,  nearly  all  of 
whom  we  knew  very  well  as  their  camping  ground 
was  on  a  part  of  our  place,  came  to  the  house.  They 
ransacked  it,  but  did  not  offer  to  molest  us.  They 
finally  told  us  that  Chief  Joseph's  Indians  were  fol- 
lowing them,  advising  Mr.  Popham  and  Mr.  Price  to 
go  to  the  brush  and  promised  to  protect  us. 


*Mrs.  Robie  (formerly  Mrs.  Benedict)  told  the  writer 
that  the.  Indians  made  two  knife  cuts  over  each  of  Mrs. 
Manuel's  knees,  one  lengthwise  and  the  other  crosswise, 
their  object  being  to  prevent  her  getting  away.  Mrs.  Robie 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


55 


"Early  in  the  afternoon  Joseph  and  his  band  came 
up.  Joseph  was  dressed  as  a  chief  and  told  us  that  he 
was  Chief  Joseph.  The  Indians  called  him  Joseph 
and  I  am  positive  that  it  was  he.  Mox  Mox  and 
White  Bird  were  also  there.  Mox  Mox  had  promised 
to  keep  the  hostile  Indians  out  of  the  house  but  had 
failed  to  keep  his  word. 

"Joseph  had  not  been  in  the  house  over  an  hour 
before  he  took  a  seat  on  a  trunk  in  the  room  where 
mother,  .baby  and  I  were.  Mother  sat  on  a  trundle 
bed  and  was  nursing  the  baby  when  Joseph  addressed 
her  with  some  remark.  They  were  only  a  few  feet 
apart.  Joseph  reached  over  and  without  any  prelimi- 
naries, plunged  a  knife  into  her  heart.  Mother  fell 
back  on  the  bed  and  the  only  words  she  iaid  were: 
'Don't  kill  my  children.'  She  repeated  these  words 
three  times.  The  redskins  dragged  her  to  the  floor 
and  stripped  off  her  clothing.  All  this  I  saw  from 
my  bed  in  the  same  room  and  just  across  from 
mother's. 

"After  this  the  Indians  took  me  to  an  adjoining 
room  affd  shut  me  in.  Of  course  I  cried  and  I  remem- 
ber that  one  of  the  White  Bird  Indians  slapped  me. 
Being  sick  and  exhausted,  I  fell  asleep  and  didn't 
wake  up  until  nearly  dark.  Then  I  went  into  the 
other  room  where  mother  had  been  killed.  I  was 
barefooted  and  even  now  I  can  recall  the  horrible  feel- 
ing that  came  over  me  as  the  blood  oozed  between  my 
toes.  The  body  was  naked  and  lying  in  a  pool  of 
her  life's  blood'  At  her  head  lay  baby  Johnnie,  also 
dead. 

"My  first  impulse  was  to  find  grandfather  and  I 
started  in  search  of  him.  Instead  of  him,  however,  I 
found  Pat  Price  with  whom  I  stayed  in  the  brush  that 
night.  In  the  morning  the  Indians  attacked  Mr.  Price 
and  me  in  the  brush.  He  determined  to  go  straight 
to  them  and  try  a  ruse,  so  he  went  up  to  Chief  White 
Bird.  To  him  Mr.  Price  showed  the  cross  tattooed  on 
his  breast  with  India  ink.  He  proposed  to  the  Indians 
that  if  they,  would  allow  him  to  take  me  to  Mount 
Idaho  he  would  return  and  surrender  himself  to  them. 
This  the  chief  agreed  to  and  after  we  had  gone  into 
the  house  and  seen  mother's  and  baby's  bodies,  we  left 
for  the  prairie.  I  was  barefooted  and  in  my  night 
clothes.  We  traveled  all  day,  Mr.  Price  carrying  me 
a  portion  of  the  way,  and  stayed  that  night  at  Harris's 
place  near  the  head  of  Rocky  canyon.  There,  Mr. 
Price  fixed  me  a  chair,  fashioning  it  out  of  a  dry  goods 
box.  With  a  rope  he  fastened  it  on  his  back.  At  this 
place  he  found  an  old  white  shirt  and  put  it  on  me. 
During  all  this  time  and  until  I  reached  Mount  Idaho, 
my  left  arm,  which  had  been  broken  in  the  fall  from 
the  horse,  hung  limp  by  my  side,  the  older  people  in 
the  excitement  not  even  fixing  me  a  sling.  In  this  box 
chair  I  rode  into  Mount  Idaho,  reaching  there  about 
noon.  Mr.  Price  risked  his  life  to  carry  me  through 
to  the  settlement  and  of  course  I  never  forgot  this 
kindness  and  devotion. 

"The  same  day  we  left  the  house  the  Indians 
burned  it,  together  with  the  bodies  of  mother  and  baby. 
Subsequently  their  charred  bones  and  mother's  ear 
rings  were  found  in  the  ruins.  One  ear  ring  was  par- 


tially melted,  the  other  was  in  its  natural  state,  except 
for  being  blackened  by  the  fire.  The  house  was  built 
of  logs  and  lined  with  lumber  and  must  have  made  a 
very  hot  fire.  From  his  place  of  concealment  in  the 
brush,  grandfather  witnessed  the  destruction  of  the 
buildings. 

"Father  remained  in  the  brush  and  small  outbuild- 
ings on  the  ranch  for  thirteen  days,  living  upon  berries 
and  vegetables  that  he  was  able  to  secure  from  the  lit- 
tle garden.  After  suffering  for  five  days  from  the 
arrow  in  his  neck,  he  cut  it  out  with  his  knife  and 
dressed  the  wound,  using  horseradish  leaves  and  cold 
water  from  the  creek.  His  hip  wounds  had  crippled 
him  so  seriously  that  he  was  unable  to  travel.  The 
soldiers  found  him  and  brought  him  to  Mount  Idaho, 
where  he  eventually  recovered. 

"Grandfather  came  into  Mount  Idaho  several  days 
after  Mr.  Price  and  I  arrived. 

"This  is  the  story  as  1  now  remember  it  and  the 
recollection  of  it  all  comes  to  me  very  vividly  despite 
the  long  years  that  have  rolled  by. 

"The  above  facts  are  given  from  personal  knowl- 
edge and  not  from  hearsay. 

SIGNED  :— MAGGIE  BOWMAN. 
"Grangevillc,  Idaho, 

April  i,   1903." 

Meanwhile  events  of  considerable  importance  were 
transpiring  on  the  prairie.  As  early  as  June  Qth  the 
situation  had  become  alarming  and  some  of  the  set- 
tlers felt  that  the  Indians  were  about  to  carry  out 
their  threat  of  commencing  war  although  the  settlers 
generally  seemed  disposed  to  discredit  these  rumors. 
Previous  to  the  I4th  Cyrus  Overman  and  M.  Y.  Jar- 
rett,  who  lived  near  the  lakes,  brought  their  families 
in  nearer  to  Grangeville  and  Mount  Idaho  and  left 
them  with  friends,  in  order  to  assure  their  safety  in 
case  of  trouble. 

Considerable  activity  was  manifested  by  the  In- 
dians on  the  I3th.  Sometime  during  the  day  Seth 
Jones  and  Charles  Horton  passed  two  bands  attired 
in  full  war  dress.  The  white  men  were  unmolested, 
however. 

Along  in  the  afternoon  of  the  I4th  (Mr.  Tohnson 
says  i3th)  Henry  C.  Johnson  and  Cyrus  Overman 
noticed,  from  the  Johnson  place  which  overlooked  the 
Indian  camp,  that  the  Indians  were  acting  very  rest- 
lessly. They  saw  several  of  them  leave  in  small  bands 
of  from  two  to  four  each  toward  the  Salmon. 

About  three  o'clock,  Mr.  Overman  told  Mr.  John- 
son that  he  had  concluded  to  go  over  to  his  farm, 
sack  up  a  little  wheat  and  proceed  to  town.  Upon 
reaching  home,  he  saw  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Watson  driving 
rapidly  across  the  prairie  toward  Mount  Idaho.  He 

Watson's  place.  Quickly  saddling  and  mounting  his 
horse,  he  set  out  to  overtake  the  Watsons,  which  he 
succeeded  in  doing  after  a  ride  of  three  miles.  From 
them  he  learned  that  Crooks  had  been  driven  out  of  an 
Indian  camp  that  afternoon  and  that  the  settlers  had 
been  warned  by  messenger  to  come  into  Mount  Idaho. 
The  courier  had  turned  back  before  reaching  the 
Johnson  place.  Mr.  Overman  continued  his  journey 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  Mount  Idaho,  arriving  about  eleven  o'clock  that 
night. 

Later  in  the  day,  Mr.  Johnson,  whom  Mr.  Overman 
had  been  assisting  until  three  o'clock,  saw  the  In- 
dians tearing  down  their  tepees  and  concentrating 
their  vast  herd  of  horses,  of  which  they  had,  accord- 
.ing  to  his  estimate,  fully  ten  thousand.  He  says  it 
was  fascinating  to  watch  the  agile  Indians  slowly 
moving  the  seething  bands  across  the  prairie  toward 
Craig's  Mountain. 

Mr.  Johnson  decided  to  remain  at  his  ranch  that 
night,  though  he  took  the  precaution  to  sleep  out  of 
doors  in  one  of  his  fields.  The  last  he  saw  of  the  In- 
dians before  darkness  cut  off  his  view,  they  were  still 
engaged  in  moving  their  ponies  toward  Craig's  moun- 
tain and  only  five  or  six  tepees  were  still  standing  at 
their  old  camping  ground.  He  believed  that  at  last 
the  red  men  were  moving  upon  the  reservation  and  his 
apprehension  of  danger,  if  any  he  had,  were  at  least 
partially  removed. 

Next  morning  he  was  unable  to  see  any  sign  of 
Indians  so  he  decided  to  drive  over  to  the  settlement 

the  saw-mill  on  Three  Mile  creek,  he  there  learned 
that  the  Norton  party  had  been  attacked  the  night  be- 
fore, so  of  course  gave  up  all  thought  of  returning 
to  his  home. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  I4th  (or  according  to 
some  the  i.3th)  John  M.  Crooks,  the  cattle  king  of  the 
county  at  that  time  and  a  friend  of  the  Indians,  volun- 
teered to  ride  out  to  their  camp  from  Grange vi  lie  and 
learn  what  he  could  regarding  their  intentions.  He  did 
not  believe  that  the  Indians  meant  to  go  on  the  war- 
path, but  undertook  the  journey  for  the  purpose  of 
reassuring  himself  and  his  neighbors.  Mr.  Crooks 
reached  the  Indian  camp  in  safety.  There,  however, 
he  was  greeted  with  hostile  demonstrations  and  warn- 
ings to  leave  immediately,  so  he  wheeled  his  horse  and 
started  on  his  return  to  Grangeville.  One  Indian  pur-. 

and  flourishing';.!  revolver  in  his  face. 

Upon  arriving  at  Grangeville,  Mr.  Crooks  turned 
in  a  general  alarm.  Mounted  men  were  at  once  sent 
to  all  residing  outside  of  Mount  Idaho  and  Grange- 
ville and  families  came  rushing  in  from  every  direc- 
tion. 

By  nightfall  nearly  all  of  the  inhabitants  of  Camas 
prairie  had  gathered  at  Mount  Idaho.  There  they 
prepared  for  defense  as  best  they  could.  They  were 
unusually  poorly  armed  for  a  pioneer  people  and  had 
the  Indians  attacked  them  a  general  massacre  would 
surely  have  followed.  But,  as  stated  elsewhere,  the 
Indians  were  well  disposed  toward  the  settlers  of  the 
prairie  and  treated  them  far  more  generously  than  is 
usually  the  case  in  an  Indian  war.  In  fact  they  told 
the  settlers  to  leave  them  alone  and  not  take  sides  in 
the  trouble  and  they  would  not  injure  them. 

Early  in  the  morning  L.  P.  Brown  had  sent  a  mes- 
sage, the  "Overman"  letter,  to  Fort  Lapwai  apprising 

prairie.  Late  in  the  afternoon  Arthur  Chapman,  who 
lived  several  miles  northwest  of  Grangeville,  received 


definite  information  from  an  Indian  boy  of  the  up- 
rising on  the  Salmon.  In  a  short  time  he  was  in  the 
saddle  and  speeding  toward  Mount  Idaho,  where  he 
announced  what  he  had  heard.  The  citizens  decided 
to  send  information  to  Lapwai  at  once  with  a  request 
for  troops.  Lew  Day  volunteered  to  carry  this  mes- 
sage and  set  out  quite  late  in  the  afternoon. 

Day  had  proceeded  about  twenty-five  miles  on  his 
journey  when  he  was  joined  by  two  Indians.  They 
inquired  where  he  was  going.  He  replied  that  he  was 
on  his  way  to  Lewiston  for  a  doctor.  The  red  men 
dropped  behind  the  messenger  and  fired  at  him, 
wounding  him  in  the  shoulder.  After  returning  the 
fire,  Day  proceeded  on  his  way,  but  his  wound  re- 
sulted in  a  great  loss  of  blood  and  he  was  finally 
obliged  to  turn  back.  He  returned  via  Cottonwood 
house,  of  which  B.  B.  Norton  was  the  proprietor. 
There  he  found  Mr.  Norton,  his  wife  and  son,  Hill, 
Miss  Linn  Bowers,  John  Chamberlain,  wife  and  two 
children,  and  Joseph  Moore.  All  immediately  began 
preparations  for  the  journey  to  Mount  Idaho.  About 
ten  o'clock  p.  m.,  they  started,  Norton  and  Moore 
mounted  on  saddle  horses,  the  others  in  a  wagon.  For 
ten  miles  they  traveled  without  casualty;  then  com- 
menced the  most  horrible  performance  of  the  war. 
The  Indians  rode  upon  them  in  the  rear  and  com- 
menced firing  and  yelling  like  mad  men.  Soon  the 
horses  of  Norton  and  Moore  had  been  shot.  The  men 
got  into  the  wagon  and  the  race  for  life  was  continued 
but  before  long  the  team  was  shot  down  and  men, 
women  and  children  were  left  apparently  to  the  mercy 
of  the  savage  demons.  Miss  Bowers  and  little  Hill 
Norton,  however,  stole  away  in  the  darkness  and  es- 
caped unharmed  to  Mount  Idaho.  Mr.  Chamberlain, 
his  wife  and  two  children  attempted  to  do  likewise, 
but  were  discovered.  Chamberlain  and  the  boy  were 
killed,  the  latter,  so  his  mother  said,  by  having  his 
head  crushed  beneath  the  knees  of  a  powerful  Indian. 
The  other  child  was  snatched  from  the  arms  of  its 

wounded  with  a  knife,  so  many  testify,  in  its  neck  and 
in  this  pitiable  plight  it  was  left  alone  on  the  prairie. 
The  poor  heartsick  and  sorrow  crazed  mother,  after 
being  subjected  to  outrages  more  horrible  than  death, 
had  her  flesh  torn  and  lacerated  by  the  nails  and  fingers  . 
of  the  incarnate  fiends.  Norton,  Day,  Moore  and 
Mrs.  Norton  had  remained  near  the  wagon.  Norton 
was  shot  just  after  he  sprang  from  the  wagon  and 
Mrs.  Norton  as  she  stood  on  the  wheel,  but  she  crawled 
out  and  sought  refuge  behind  the  dead  horses.  The 
bullet  which  struck  Norton  severed  an  artery  and  re- 
sulted in  his  death  fifteen  minutes  later.  Moore  was 
shot  through  both  hips;  Day  received  two  bullets  in 
the  shoulders  and  one  through  the  leg;  and  Mrs. 
Norton  was  wounded  in  both  lower  limbs.  At  day- 
light, for  some  unaccountable  reason,  the  Indians  with- 
drew. 

Meanwhile  Miss  Bowers  and  little  Hill  Norton  had 
become  separated  in  their  flight  for  life,  but  both 
managed  to  keep  on  the  right  course.  Hill  was  picked 
up  about  daylight  four  miles  northwest  of  Mount 
Idaho  by  F.  A.  Fenn,  who  was  scouting.  Mr.  Fenn 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


took  the  boy  on  his  horse  to  Crooks's 
general  alarm  was  given.     Miss  low 


nch,  where  a 

.  was  found 

about  nine  o'clock  by  J.  A.  Swarts,  about  two 
miles  north  of  Mount  Idaho,  and  was  taken  to 
that  town. 

At  the  Crooks's  ranch  or  Grangeville,  a  party  con- 
sisting of  Frank  A.  Fenn,  C.  L.  Rice  and  James  At- 
kison  set  out  for  the  scene  of  the  encounter.  About 
three  miles  northwest  of  Grangeville  they  found  the 
wagon  and  to  it  Rice  and  Fenn  hitched  their  saddle 
horses,  taking  harness  from  the  slain  animals.  Mrs. 
Norton  was  placed  in  the  wagon  and  one  of  the  sad- 
dles had  been  thrown  into  the  box  when  the  redskins 
suddenly  appeared  on  a  nearby  hill.  At  once  Fenn  and 
Rice  mounted  the  horses,  not  having  any  reins,  for 
these  had  been  used  to  splice  the  tugs,  and  the  party 
commenced  another  race  for  life..  Fortunately,  a  sec- 
ond and  larger  party  came  out  to  their  relief  and  the 
Indians  drew  off.  Peter  Ready,  Lew  Wilmot,  E.  W. 
Robie,  Mac  Williams  and  others  went  out  later  the 
same  day  and  picked  up  Mrs.  Chamberlain  and  others, 
living  and  dead.  Mr.  Chamberlain's  body  was  found 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  wagon.  His  two 
children,  one  of  whom  was  also  dead,  were  lying  in  his 
arms.  Half  a  mile  farther  away  Mrs.  Chamberlain 
was  picked  up.  All  were  placed  in  the  wagon  and 
brought  to  Mount  Idaho  where  every  attention  was 
given  them.  Day  died  the  following  afternoon  from 
the  effects  of  his  terrible  wounds  and  six  weeks  later 
Moore  succumbed,  but  Mrs.  Norton,  Mrs.  Chamber- 
lain and  the  child  eventually  recovered.  Dr.  J.  B.  Mor- 
ris, the  prairie's  physician,  was  in  Lewiston  when  news 
of  the  outbreak  reached  him.  He  immediately  set  out 
to  return,  courageously  riding  through  the  lines  of  the 
hostiles  to  Mount  Idaho,  where  he  remained  throughout 
the  conflict. 

On  the  night  of  the  Norton  masacre,  Peter  H. 
Ready  and  Lew  Wilmot  had  camped  on  Shebang 
creek  (near  the  present  site  of  Denver)  with  their 
freighting  outfits.  Each  had  a  four  horse  load  con- 
sisting of  dry  goods,  clothing,  groceries,  hardware  and 
salt,  and  an  empty  hack  trailed  behind  Wilmot's  wagon. 
Just  before  nightfall  Lew  Day  pased  them  on  his  way 
to  Fort  Lapwai  and  informed  them  of  their  peril,  but 
they  decided  to  remain  in  camp  until  morning.  About 
eleven  o'clock  they  were  awakened  by  the  Cottonwood 
party  passing  them.  Day  told  them  the  cause  of  the 
abandoment  of  his  trip  to  Lapwai  and  again  advised 
them  to  move  forward  to  Mount  Idaho.  This  time 
they  heeded  the  warning  to  the  extent  of  harnessing 
their  horses  and  otherwise  preparing  to  move  at  an 
instant's  notice.  The  Cottonwood  party  had  been  gone 
but  a  short  time  before  Ready  and  Wilmot  heard  firing 
in  the  direction  of  Grangeville.  They  did  not  pay  any 
serious  attention  to  it,  but  remained  at  their  camping- 
place  until  daybreak  when  they  commenced  their  jour- 
ney toward  Mount  Idaho.  Soon  they  saw  Indians  ap- 
proaching them.  Cutting  loose  their  lead  horses,  each 
mounted  one  and  began  an  exciting  race.  Fortunate- 
ly they  outran  the  Indians  and  escaped  to  their  homes. 
They  then  got  their  guns  and  joined  the  party  going 
out  to  bring  in  the  Chamberlains,  for  these  had  been 


missed  by  Fenn,  Rice  and  Atkison  when  they  brought 
in  Mrs.  Norton. 

The  Indians  who  had  been  pursuing  Ready  and 
Wilmot  returned  to  the  wagons  and  looted  them, 
packing  some  of  their  spoils  on  the  wheel  horses  which 
had  remained  near  the  wagons.  Before  they  had 
finished  their  work  the  band  of  redskins  that  was  pur- 
suing the  first  rescuing  party  turned  from  their  chase 
and  joined  the  pillaging  crowd  at  the  wagon,  evidently 
fearing  they  would  lose  their  portion  if  they  did  not 
go  after  it  immediately. 

Mr.  Ready  thinks  that  the  hostiles  attacked  the 
Cottonwood  party  in  the  belief  that  they  were  attack- 
ing the  freighting  outfit.  Indeed  he  was  so  informed 
by  Indians  after  the  war.  The  blood-thirsty  set  soon 
discovered  their  mistake  of  course  but  when  the  ex- 
citement of  the  slaughter  had  taken  possession  of  them 
they  cared  little  who  their  victims  might  be,  or 
whether  or  not  their  dastardly  deeds  would  be  re- 
warded by  material  gain.  Just  what  band  of  redmen 
were  the  chief  actors  in  this  murderous  assault  has 
never  been  determined. 

There  has  been  much  discussion  over  the  date  of 
the  attack  upon  the  Nortons  and  Chamberlains,  many 
who  had  good  means  of  knowing  contending  that  it 
took  place  some  time  during  the  night  of  the  I3th  of 
June,  while  others  are  just  as  positive  that  it  took 
place  twenty-four  hours  later.  The  preponderance  of 
evidence  seems  to  us  to  be  that  the  attack  was  made 
upon  the  night  of  the  I4th.  Some  who  thought  that 
the  1 3th  was  the  correct  date  were  also  certain  that  the 
day  of  the  week  was  Thursday,  and  Thursday  is 
shown  in  the  almanac  to  have  fallen  on  the  I4th,  in  the 
year  1877.  The  letters  from  L.  P.  Brown  to  the  com- 
mandant at  Fort  Lapwai,  quoted  on  former  pages, 
bear  the  date  of  June  15th.  The  one  dated  7  a.  m. 
speaks  of  the  attack  on  the  Cottonwood  party;  says 
they  were  all  wounded  or  killed  and  that  "the  wounded 
will  be  here  shortly,  when  we  will  get  more  particulars." 
The  letter  dated '8  a.  m.  says:  "I  have  just  sent  a 
dispatch  by  Mr.  West,  half  breed.  Since  that  was 
written  the  wounded  have  come  in,"  etc.,  showing 
that  unless  Mr.  Brown  made  a  mistake  in  dating  his 
letter,  the  unfortunate  event  transpired  on  the  night  of 
the  I4th.  Gen.  Howard  tells  us  in  his  book  that 
Brown's  messenger  arrived  toward  evening  and  he 
wrote  his  reply  at  once.  His  reply  is  dated  June  15*. 
If  Mr.  Brown  was  mistaken  in  his  dates  either  the 
messenger  must  have  consumed  from  7  o'clock  in  the 
morning  of  one  day  to  evening  of  the  day  following 
in  going  from  Mount  Idaho  to  Fort  Lapwai  or  General 
Howard  must  have  made  a  mistake  in  dating  his  note 
exactly  corresponding  to  that  made  by  Mr.  Brown. 
Both  these  contingencies  are  certainly  very  unlikely. 

Those  on  the  Salmon  river  whom  it  was  the  writer's 
privilege  to  interview  are  practically  a  unit  in  their 
statement  that  the  Salmon  river  murders,  except  that 
of  Divine,  were  committed  on  the  14*.  It  has  been 
generally  understood  that  the  Indians  camped  near 
Rocky  canyon  on  Camas  prairie  did  not  commence 
their  depredations  until  incited  to  them  by  the  exciting 
recitals  of  the  Salmon  river  horrors.  Those  who  take 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  ground  that  the  massacre  of  the  Nortons  and 
Chamberlains  occurred  on  the  I3th  must  assume  that 
the  Salmon  river  people  are  mistaken  about  the  date 
of  the  murders  there  or  that  the  outbreak  on  Camas 
prairie  antedated  the  Salmon  river  outrages.  The  first 
assumption  can  hardly  be  true.  Mrs.  Cleary  certainly 
is  not  mistaken  as  to  the  date  of  her  husband's. death, 
neither  can  other  persons  be  mistaken  as  to  when  the 
most  terrible  events  in  their  experience  transpired.  The 
other  assumption  has  probably  never  been  entertained 
by  anyone. 

The  author  is  convinced  that  Elfers,  Bland  and 
Beckroge  were  killed  on  the  morning  of  the  I4th, 
that  their  murderers  proceeded  to  the  Indian  camp  at 
Rocky  canyon  the  same  day,  wounding  Benedict  en 
route ;  that  they  related  their  experiences  to  the  other 
Indians,  who  forthwith  decided  to  commence  hostili- 
ties ;  that  seventeen  or  eighteen  Indians  went  that  night 
back  to  the  Salmon  river  country  to  engage  in  further 
depredations,  while  the  others,  or  some  of  them,  began 
hostile  movements  on  Camas  prairie,  one  of  which 
movements  was  the  attack  on  the  Cottonwood  party. 
He  is  constrained  to  believe  that  this  is  the  correct  date 
and  this  the  correct  sequence  of  events.  He  admits 
that  many  who  hold  a  contrary  opinion  are  able  to  pro- 
duce convincing  arguments  in  favor  of  their  views,  but 
is  inclined  to  agree  with  the  many  others  who  are  equal- 
ly insistent  that  the  event  in  question  happened  between 
eleven  o'clock  on  the  night  of  June  I4th  and  daybreak 
the  following  morning. 

The  foregoing  statements  concerning  the  outrages 
during  the  earliest  days  of  the  Nez  Perces  Indian  war 
have  been  verified  by  exhaustive  investigation  into  all 
printed  accounts  that  could  be  secured,  and  by  inter- 
views with  very  many  of  those  living  in  the  storm 
center  at  the  time.  Unusual  pains  were  taken  by  citi- 
zens during  and  after  the  war  to  ascertain  exact  facts, 
owing  to  the  attempts  of  some  to  throw  the  blame  for 
the  outbreak  of  the  war  upon  the  settlers.  The  re- 
sults of  this  investigation  have  been  perused  in  the 
preparation  of  this  work.  It  is  therefore  believed  that 
these  statements  are  as  near  the  truth  as  it  is  possible  for 
historic  records  to  approach.  The  assertion  of  Indian 
Inspector  Watkins  that  up  to  June  22d  no  houses  had 
been  burned  or  other  depredations  committed  by 
Joseph's  band,  drew  forth  an  indignant  protest  from 
the  citizens.  A  positive  counter  statement  was  made 
that  on  the  evening  of  June  i8th,  ten  dwellings,  three 
stores,  seven  barns  and  one  shop  had  been  burned, 
besides  a  large  number  of  miners'  buildings ;  that  be- 
fore the  l6th,  large  numbers  of  abandoned  dwellings 
had  been  plundered  and  some  thousands  of  cattle  and 
horses  stolen  and  driven  off  by  the  Indians.  "Besides 
this,"  said  a  citizens'  letter  to  the  Boston  Sunday 
Herald,  after  referring  to  some  of  the  murders  here- 
tofore spoken  of.  "five  worthy  women  and  mothers 
suffered,  from  the  brutal  fiends,  outrages  worse  than 
death,  part  of  them  being  stripped  of  their  clothing 
and  dragged  about  naked  by  the  heels,  others  wounded, 
and  all  of  them,  after  defending  themselves  to  the  last 
extremity,  made  the  victims  of  the  lust  of  the  hell 
hounds."  The  statements  of  the  letter  were  vouched 


for  by  George  M.  Shearer,  major  of  volunteers,  B.  F. 
Morris,  county  recorder  of  Idaho  county,  and  C.  W. 
Case,  sheriff  of  Idaho  county. 

But  what  of  the  movements  by  which  these  terrible 
outrages  were  to  be  checked  and  avenged?  Colonel 
Perry,  as  we  have  said,  set  out  from  Lapwai  on  the 
night  of  the  I5th.  All  night  long  his  column  toiled 
on  over  Craig's  mountain  and  across  Lawyer's  can- 
yon ;  all  next  day  they  continued  their  march,  reaching 
Grangeville  toward  evening.  Here  they  paused  to 
listen  to  the  reports  of  citizens  and  take  in  the  situa- 
tion as  best  they  could.  They  were  joined  by  eleven 
volunteers,  who  guided  them  over  the  sixteen  miles 
to  White  Bird  creek  still  to  be  traversed  by  the  weary 
marchers  and  their  jaded  animals.  Reaching  the  top 
of  the  canyon  about  an  hour  before  dawn,  they  halted 
to  await  the  daylight  and  take  much  needed  rest.  Day- 
light came  soon  enough,  revealing  a  deep  short  canyon 
with  precipitous  sides  and  a  smooth  looking  bottom, 
which  was  in  reality  a  rolling  prairie  sloping  toward 
the  creek.  From  the  head  of  this  canyon  to  the  creek 
the  distance  is  probably  five  miles.  Just  before  reach- 
ing the  creek  the  trail  turned  abruptly  to  the  west, 
passed  through  a  small  canyon  or  ravine  between  two 
low  hills  and  then  gradually  approached  the  creek, 
reaching  its  banks  about  a  mile  and  a  quarter  farther 
along,  just  above  the  Manuel  place.  At  this  point  the 
brush  and  trees  which  fringe  the  creek  were  unusually 
dense  and  the  trail  was  bounded  on  the  north  by  a  low 
bluff.  A  rail  fence  stood  just  south  of  the  highway 
and  altogether  the  location  was  an  ideal  one  for  an 
Indian  ambuscade. 

Behind  this  fence  and  in  the  bushes  lining  the  trail, 
the  main  body  of  Indians  was  posted,  while  a  small 
force  was  deployed  a  mile  and  a  quarter  farther  up  the 
trail  to  lure  the  soldiers  onward. 

Where  the  trail  ran  through  the  ravine  heretofore 
mentioned  the  ragged  basaltic  rocks  along  the  summits 
of  the  hills  afforded  an  excellent  barricade,  while  to 
the  left  of  the  trail  the  heavy  spring  floods  had  washed 
out  a  deep  gulch  which  ran  through  the  bottom  of  the 
ravine  and  then  south  and  emptied  into  the  creek.  Be- 
hind these  rocks  but  principally  down  in  the  bottom 
of  this  deep,  dark  gulch  the  Indians  concealed  them- 
selves in  large  numbers.  As  soon  as  the  skirmishers 
had  drawn  the  troops  through  this  canyon  these  Indians 
were  to  leap  from  their  hiding  places  and  open  the 
attack.  Should  Perry  go  onward  toward  the  Salmon 
he  would  rush  into  the  main  ambuscade  and  his  case 
would  be  without  hope.  The  olan  was  skillfully  laid 
out  and  illustrative  of  the  military  genius  of  Joseph 
and  White  Bird.  How  nearly  successful  it  was  we 
shall  see. 

Perry  led  his  command,  now  numbering  a  little 
over  a  hundred  men,  over  the  crest  of  the  first  slope 
of  the  canyon  and  down  the  narrow  pass.  With  him 
and  in  advance  were  several  Indian  scouts,  recruited 
from  the  friendly  Nez  Perces.  When  the  troops  had 
advanced  about 'five  miles  from  the  top  of  the  bluff 
and  had  practically  reached  the  foot  of  the  mountain, 
not  over  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  White  Bird  creek, 
and  about  where  the  trail  turns  to  the  west,  the  scouts 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


59 


reported  hostiles  some  distance  ahead.  It  is  said  that 
they  refused  to  go  through  the  narrow  and  ugly  look- 
ing ravine  which  now  confronted  the  command,  fear- 
ing that  the  hostiles  were  lying  in  wait. 

Perry  halted  and  dismounted  his  command  at  this 
point,  one  man  out  of  every  four  being  left  with  the 
horses  as  is  customary.  The  remainder  of  the  troops 
were  then  ordered  forward,  a  portion  of  them  deploy- 
ing along  the  crest  of  one  of  the  ridges.  Suddenly  the 
Indians  appeared  stretched  out  in  a  long  irregular  line 
ahead  of  the  troops.  Before  these  had  advanced  very 
far  down  the  ravine  an  excited  Indian  lying  in  the  deep 
gulch  fired  off  his  gun  and  in  an  instant  the  battle  was 
on.  Perry  was  not  trapped,  neither  was  he  absolutely 
surprised  as  has  often  been  intimated,  and  had  his  men 
been  seasoned  troops  instead  of  recruits  who  had  as 
yet  scarcely  smelled  gunpowder,  he  might  have  held 
his  own  creditably  or  have  withdrawn  with  honors. 

Upon  the  opening  of  the  engagement  the  redskins 
fired  from  several  directions  and  it  required  all  the 
skill  at  the  officer?  command  to  hold  the  troops  in  good 
order.  Soon  occurred  an  event,  says  Major  Fenn, 
which  decided  to  whom  should  belong  the  victory. 
How  it  happened  or  just  why  it  happened  can  only  be 
surmised,  as  the  terrible  calamity  which  followed 
swept  awav  many  who  could  have  told  and  those  who 
survived  have  left  it  indefinitely  recorded.  Certain  it  is 
that  the  partially  demoralized  troops  'On  the  line  de- 
tected a  retreating  movement  in  their  rear.  They  saw 
the  men,  who  had  been  left  with  the  horses,  falling 
back  up  the  hillside  and  probably  thought  this  move- 
ment was  incited  by  a  flank  movement  on  part  of  the 
Indians.  This  suspected  retreat  may  have  been  only 
the  efforts  of  those  in  charge  of  the  horses  to  get  on  to 
higher  ground,  but  being  cavalrymen  it  was  quite 
natural  that  those  on  the  line  should  rely  almost  entire- 
ly upon  their  horses  and  that  when  they  saw  these 
moving  farther  and  farther  away,  thev  should  become 
disconcerted.  The  lines  wavered  and  broke,  and  soon 
became  thoroughly  demoralized.  The  wily  redskins 
were  quick  to  follow  up  the  advantage  and  attacked  the 
troops  more  fiercely  than  ever.  These  became  panic 
stricken  and,  throw'ing  away  guns,  ammunition,  cloth- 
ing and  accoutrements,  fled  indiscriminately.  Contrary 
to  all  military  usage,  the  saddle  girths  on  the  horses  had 
been  left  loose  while  the  men  went  into  action  and  as  a 
result  some  of  the  excited  troopers  slipped  off  the 
backs  of  their  steeds.  These  stampeded,  leaving  the 
footmen  at  the  mercy  of  their  savage  foes. 

Upon  going  into  action  the  ten  volunteers  under 
Major  Shearer  were  assigned  to  the  extreme  left  and 
accordingly  took  a  position  between  what  is  known  as 
the  old  Indian  burying  ground  and  the  creek.  Here 
they  found  some  shelter  in  the  rough  surface  of  the 
ground.  Hardly  had  thev  taken  their  position  be- 
fore the  Indians  under  White  Bird  began  a  flanking 
movement  through  the  brush  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
creek ;  two  of  the  volunteers,  H.  A.  Faxon  and  T.  D. 
Swarts,  had  been  wounded,  and  all  became  aware  that 
the  troops  were  retreating.  Under  these  circumstances 
the  volunteers  deemed  it  best  to  retreat  also. 


By  this  time  the  whole  force  was  in  headlong 
flight  and  the  number  of  hostiles  was  constantly  in- 
creasing by  arrivals  from  the  lower  camp  mounted  on 
fresh  horses.  In  vain  Perry  and  his  officers  tried  to 
rally  their  men.  The  bugler',  who  would  have  sounded 
the 'calls,  had  been  killed  at  the  first  fire,  so  Perry  and 
his  officers  were  obliged  to  personally  appeal  to  the 
troops.  But  the  cavalrymen  would  not  halt:  they 
were  completely  demoralized  and  no  power  could  pre- 
vail upon  them  to  stand  and  face  their  tormentors  who 
poured  an  incessant,  withering  fire  upon  them.  Just 
below  the  steep  canyon  leading  to  the  prairie  above, 
and  at  the  mouth  of  a  blind  canyon,  the  gallant  Thel- 
ler  gathered  a  small  body  of  men  behind  some  natural 
breastworks  and  attempted  to  stem  the  tide.  For  a 
short  time  it  seemed  as  if  he  might  succeed,  but  the 
Indians  finally  concentrated  their  fire  and  overwhelmed 
the  little  band  of  brave  men.  The  stalwart,  lion- 
hearted,  young  lieutenant  became  the  target  for  a 
score  of  rifles,  and  he  soon  fell,  pierced  through  the 
head.  This  was  the  last  stand  made  by  the  troops  in 
White  Bird  canyon.  The  men  who  were  still  uninjured 
rushed  up  the  long,  steep  trail,  fully  exposed  at  every 
step  to  the  withering  fire  from  above  them,  to  the  can- 
yon's rim,  where  they  were  arranged  by  Perry  and  Par- 
nell  into  a  better  order  of  retreat.  Before  this  narrow 
canyon  was  entered,  however,  the  volunteers  had  left 
the  troops  and  reached  the  prairie  by  means  of  an  old 
cow  trail  up  Chapman  creek.  Thence  they  escaped  un- 
harmed to  Mount  Idaho,  where  they  organized  a  party 
of  citizens  to  go  out  and  meet  the  troops.  Together  the 
troops  and  volunteers  fought  their  way  across  the 
prairie  and  finally,  exhausted,  dispirited  and  with  gap- 
ing ranks,  the  little  command  entered  Grangeville. 

"The  Indians  fought  us,"  wrote  Perry  that  evening, 
"to  within  four  miles  of  Mount  Idaho,  and  only  gave  it 
up  on  seeing  that  we  would  not  be  driven  any  farther, 
except  at  our  own  gait."  This  was  a  disastrous  defeat. 
Nearly  forty  per  cent,  of  Perry's  command  were  left 
dead  on  the' field.  The  chagrin  of  failure  was  the  por- 
tion of  the  trained  United  States  troops,  while  the  exhil- 
aration of  victory  sent  its  pleasing  thrills  through  the 
pulses  of  the  savage  warriors.  This  victory  supplied 
arms  to  the  Indians.  They  secured  at  least  fifty  car- 
bines and  much  ammunition,  thrown  away  by  the  sol- 
diers Colonel  Perry  collected  his  discomfited  troops  at 
Grangeville,  reorganized  them  there  and  put  them  in  as 
good  condition  for  future  operations  as  possible. 

Howard  had  remained  at  Fort  Lapwai  to  await  the 
arrival  of  reinforcements.  Wilkinson,  as  we  have  said, 
had  gone  to  Walla  Walla,  where  he  started  the  tele- 
graph into  activity  with  messages  for  aid.  A  courier 
is  sent  to  summon  Colonel  Whipple  from  Indian  valley 
with  his  two  companies  of  cavalry,  and  immediately 
upon  receipt  of  the  message  that  officer  is  ready  for  the 
march.  The  soldiers  at  Fort  Walla  Walla,  those  near 
Wallula,  all  that  can  be  spared  from  Forts  Vancouver, 
Harney,  Klamath,  Stevens.  Canbv  and  Townsend  are 
in. motion  as  soon  after  despatches  reach  them  as  they 
can  be  mobilized,  and  most  of  them  are  headed  toward 
Lapwai.  The  artillerymen,  coming  down  from  Alaska, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


are  also  directed  to  the  front,  and  the  call  for  help  in 
time  reaches  to  troops  in  California,  Arizona  and  even 
to  Georgia. 

Citizens  also  are  doing  what  they  can  to  place  the 
threatened  country  and  the  storm  centers  on  a  war  foot- 
ing, but  there  is  great  dearth  of  arms  and  ammunition, 
there  being  only  seven  repeating  rifles  on  Camas  prairie 
at  this  time.  At  Mount  Idaho,  as  we  have  seen,  the  citi- 
zens gather  for  defensive  purposes  on  the  evening  of 
the  I4th.  Many  decide  to  return  to  their  homes  the 
following  morning,  believing  that  the  scare  is  ill-found- 
ed, when  news  of  the  attack  on  the  Norton  and  Cham- 
berlain party  reaches  the  town.  This,  of  course,  dispels 

diately  taken  to  form  a  military  company,  erect  a  fort 
and  otherwise  place  the  little  community  on  a  war  foot- 
ing. Every  able-bodied  man  and  boy  is  enlisted  in  the 
volunteer  company  of  which  Arthur  Chapman  is  chosen- 
captain.  A  retired  English  naval  officer,  H.  E.  Croas- 
dale,  who  had  recently  engaged  in  the  stock  business  on 
the  prairie,  is  placed  in  charge  of  the  defenses.  On  this 
same  day,  June  I5th,  work  is  commenced  on  the  stone 
fort  which  three  days  later  is  finished.  At  Grangeville 
another  military  company  is  organized  by  Captain 
Bloomer,  and  Grange  hall  is  soon  fortified. 

Slate  creek,  in  the  very  heart  of  the  savage-scourged 
country,  soon  has  its  fort,  consisting  of  a  high  stockade 
built  around  Wood's  hotel,  in  which  the  settlers  of  that 
section  gather.  Here  are  Mrs.  Walsh  and  her  two 
children,  Mrs.  Osborne  and  her  four  children,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Tittman  and  two  children,  William  Rhett  and 
family,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  Baldwin  and  girl,  Mrs. 
Henry  Elfers  and  her  three  children,  E.  R.  Sherwin 
arid  'family,  the  Woods,  the  Cones,  John  Gibbons, 
Joshua  Fockler  and  others.  Realizing  their  desperate 
straits,  those  in  the  fort  decide  to  send  to  Florence  for 
assistance.  The  mission  is  a  dangerous  one,  and  none 
can  be  spared  from  the  garrison  to  undertake  it,  but 
finally  Tolo,  a  friendly  Ncz  Perce  squaw,  is  prevailed 
upon  to  carry  the  message  for  aid.  Faithfully  does  she 
serve  her  white  friends,  making  the  hard  trip  of  twenty- 
five  miles  in  safety  and  bringing  back  twelve  men. 
With  the  addition  of  these  the  force  numbers  about  six- 
ty-eight capable  of  bearing  arms,  but  there  are  few 
arms  to  bear  and  little  ammunition. 

Warren  is  fortified  so  as  to  defy  a  force  of  500  In- 
dians ;  Elk  City  has  plenty  of  men,' but  only  a  few  old- 
fashioned  guns  and  a  limited  supply  of  ammunition. 
Lewiston  has  caught  the  alarm  at  the  first  outbreak, 
and  its  call  for  aid  takes  the  form  of  such  dispatches  as 
the  following: 

LEWISTON,  I.  T.,  JUNE  i;th. 
To  THE  MAYOR  OF  PORTLAND: 

and  Camas  prairie.  They  have  massacred  30  or  40  men, 
women  and  children,  and  the  work  is  still  going  on.  We 

city  is  concerned.  The  city  assumes  responsibility  for  their 
safe  return.  The  arms,  etc.,  guaranteed  by  the  merchants. 
Subscribed,  D.  J.  Warner,  city  recorder,  by  the  order  of 
the  Common  Council  of  the  city  of  Lewiston,  and  N.  B.  Hoi- 
brook  mayor;  John  P.  Vollmer,  merchant;  Loewenberg 


merchant. 

P.  S.-June   ,8th. 
leys,  and  from  all  the 
here  for  protection.     F 
stock  and  everything. 


ein  &  Binnard,  merchants;  A.  Damas, 

country  north   of  us,   are  fleeing  in 
.rmers  are  all  abandoning  their  farms, 

(Signed)   J.   P.  VOLLMER. 

LEWISTON,  I.  T.,  June  17,  1877. 
To  THE  PRESIDENT  O.  S.  &  N.  COMPANY  : 

We  have  appealed  to  the,  Mayor  of  Portland,  and  aid 
us  in  this  without  delay.  We  are  sadly  in  need  of  arms. 

ness,  farmers  must  flee  from  their  crops,  and  this  country 
will  become  depopulated.  You  will  see  our  interests  are 
identical.  We  want  arms.,  soldiers  and  volunteers  to  pre- 
vent the  slaughter  of  whites.  Down  with  the  peace  policy. 

By  order  of  the  city  council. 

(Signed)   N.  B.  HOLBROOK,  Mayor. 

D.  J.  WARNER,  City  Auditor. 

A  subscription  paper  is  circulated  also  among  the 
leading  merchants  and  business  men  of  Portland  by 
H.  D.  Sanborn,  of  Lewiston,  and  the  sum  of  $2,365  is 
quickly  subscribed  for  the  purpose  6f  furnishing  the 
citizens  of  Lewiston,  Idaho  Territory,  with  arms  and 
ammunition  for  their  defense.  By  this  means  a  volun- 
teer company  of  sixty  men  under  Ed  McConville,  which 
had  been  speedily  raised  for  the  defense  of  the  town, 
is  fully  equipped  for  action,  rendering  this  important 
base  of  supplies  comparatively  safe. 

The  excitement  prevailing  all  over  the  country  is 
intense.  No  one  knows  how  many  of  the  Coeur  d'Al- 
enes,  Umatillas,  Spokanes,  apparently  friendly  Nez 
Perces  and  other  northern  Indians  can  be  relied  on;  no 
one  can  certainly  predict  ho-y  many  will  be  encouraged 
to  join  Joseph  by  Perry's  defeat,  and  every  one  is  be- 
coming painfully  cognizant  of  the  utter  unpreparedness 
of  the  military'  for  the  crisis  now  presented.  "Al- 
though it  has  been  held  out  to  settlers,"  complains  the 
Teller,  "that  ample  military  force  should  be  on  the 
ground  to  enforce  the  orders  to  remove  Joseph  upon 
the  reservation,  six  months  have  elapsed  since  the  issu- 
ance of  the  order  from  Washington,  and  today  there 
are  not  soldiers  enough  here  to  hold  in  check  the  single 
force  of  Joseph's  200  warriors,  and,  with  the  advantage 
of  position  Joseph  has,  he  will  continue  to  make  his 
sallies  upon  the  unprotected  settlers  and  small  detach- 
ments of  troops  and  cut  off  scores  of  men  from  the  . 
living  and  continue  that  state  of  things  for  months  to 
come.  Every  success  he  wins  strengthens  his  cause 
among  the  other  Indians  who  are  professedly  friendly, 
and  may  involve  us  in  a  long  and  bloody  war  which  may 
lead  to  the  extermination  of  the  tribes  in  this  whole 
northern  country.  Had  the  force  been  here  at  the  time 
appointed  for  Joseph  to  come  upon  the  reserve  and 
properly  stationed  Perry  would  not  have  been  defeated 
and  Joseph's  power  would  easily  have  been  subdued. 
But  it  was  planned  that  the  Bible,  and  not  the  sword, 
should  subdue  him,  and  that  this  missionary  peace  pol- 
icy should  have  the  credit  of  his  subjection.  The  plan 
has  failed." 

Howard  in  his  history  of  the  war  frankly  admits 
the  utter  inadequacy  of  his  force  for  the  work  in  hand, 
but  does  not  vouchsafe  any  explanation  of  the  fact  that 
the  military  was  caught  napping  when  it  knew  that 


TOO-LAH, 

The  Friendly  Nez   Preoe  Squaw  who  rode  to  Florence  from  the  Salmon  River,  warne 
Whites  of  the  Hostile  Outbreak  of  the  Indians,  and  brought  Twenty-six  Miners  to  the  Res 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


force  might  become  necessary  to  comply  with  the  in- 
structions of  the  Indian  bureau,  neither  does  he  attempt 
to  fix  responsibility  for  the  unfortunate  condition  of  af- 
fairs. So  sure  were  the  Indian  agents  and  military 
men  that  Joseph  would  comply  with  his  agreement  to 
go  peacably  upon  the  reservation  that  they  trusted  al- 
most implicitly  to  that  promise,  though  they  knew  that 
treachery  on  his  part  meant  death  and  outrage  to  inno- 
cent and  unarmed  citizens.. 

General  Howard  gives  some  graphic  accounts  of 
life  and  activities  at  Fort  Lapwai  during  the  few  days 
succeeding  the  outbreak.  "Mule  trains,"  says  he,  "were 
hired,  supplies  of  all  kinds  put  in  motion,  couriers  were 
coming  and  going ;  Indian  messengers  and  escaping  sol- 
diers with  their  mouths  full  of  exciting  rumors  and 
bad  tidings  were  arriving  from  the  field  seventy  miles 
away.  By  the  2ist  of  June  eight  new  companies 'of  reg- 
ular troops — little  companies  they  were,  for  the  whole 
made  up  but  a  few  over  200  souls — were  on  the  green 
plat  near  the  Lapwai  post.  A  small  organization  of 
volunteers  under  Captain  Paige  joined  themselves  to 
Whipple,  who  was  in  command  of  the  cavalry,  and  were 
on  hand  for  Indian  fighting. 


"The  time  from  the  first  news  of  the  terrible  disaster 
at  Whitebird  canyon  till  the  morning  of  the  22d  of 
June  seemed  long  indeed.  It  appears  long  even  in 
retrospect.  Still  it  was  only  four  days.  Our  effective 
men  for  the  front  now  at  Lapwai  numbered  but  few 
more  than  two  hundred. 

"Captains  Whipple  and  Winters  had  arrived  from 
their  circuitous  and  tedious  march  from  Wallowa.  Cap- 
tains Miller  and  Miles  had  reached  Lewiston  by  steam- 
boat and  marched  to  Lapwai  with  several  companies  of 
the  Fourth  Artillery  and  the  Twenty-first  Infantry 
under  their  charge.  The  volunteers  before  mentioned, 
a  little  more  than  twenty  strong,  under  Paige,  of  Walla 
Walla,  had  also  joined  us.  Lieutenant  Bomus,  the 
quartermaster  of  the  post,  had  improvised  a  supply 
train.  The  numerous  miners,  employed  in  different 
directions  about  Lewiston,  had  been  thrown  out  of  em- 
ployment by  the  Indian  outbreak,  so  that  their  means 
of  transportation,  'the  mule  pack  train,'  and  their  pack- 
ers became  available  for  our  use." 

By  the  22d  of  June  Howard  was  ready  to  move. 
His  force  was.still  smaller  than  that  opposed  to  him,  but 
with  such  as  he  had  to  set  out  from  Lapwai  at  12  o'clock 
noon.  Camped  next  day  at  Norton's  ranch,  his  descrip- 
tion of  which,  as  affording  a  glimpse  of  the  "abomina- 
tion of  desolation,"  we  quote  at  length : 

"Mr.  Norton,  the  late  owner,"  says  Howard,  "was 
the  man  who  was  trying  to  get  to  Mount  Idaho  with 
his  family  when  he  and  others  were  killed  and  his  wife 
sadly  wounded.  We  came  to  his  house  about  half  past 
one  o'clock,  having  marched  nineteen  miles.  Mr.  Nor- 
ton had  kept  a  sort  of  hotel.  His  house  was  now  de- 
serted. The  Indians  had  rummaged  everything;  what 
the  family  had  left  here  was  found  in  complete  disorder. 
Who  can  realize  what  it  is  to  have  savage  warfare  break 
upon  a  family  with  little  or  no  warning — to  kill,  wound 
and  scatter  like  this  ?  It  was  worse  than  the  desolation 


spoken  of  in  the  scriptures,  where  one  shall  be  taken 
and  another  left.  None  were  left!  There  were  the 
clothes,  cut  and  torn  and  strewn  about,  the  broken 
chairs,  the  open  drawers,  a  mixture  of  flour,  sugar,  salt 
and  rubbish,  the  evidences  indeed  of  riot  run  mad.  Do 
we  wonder  that  those  who  have  passed  through  such 
experiences  have  been  slow  to  forget  and  forgive  'mad 
Indians'  ?" 

At  this  desolated  ranch  the  force  was  ordered  to 
encamp,  and  there  they  remained  over  Sunday.  Critics 
of  the  generalship  of  the  Nez  Perces  campaign  have 
complained  much  of  this  delay,  some  of  them  asserting 
that  Howard  stopped  for  the  purpose  of  giving  religious 
instruction  to  his  command  and  distributing  Bibles 
among  the  soldiers.  Howard  says  he  paused  because 
he  wished  to  ascertain  certainly  the  whereabouts  of  the 
Indians,  because  he  wished  to  give  Captain  Trimble 
time  to  get  beyond  the  hostiles  to  Slate  creek,  so  that 
the  Indians  might  not  be  pressed  back  upon  the  little 
band  of  citizens  "forted  up"  there,  and  thirdly,  because 
he  hoped  that  additional  forces  might  join  him  from 

On  Monday  the  troops  moved  forward,  the  infantry 
going  to  Johnson's  ranch,  the  cavalry,  with  Howard, 
to  Grangeville,  where  Perry's  command  was.  After 
visiting  Grangeville  and  Mount  Idaho  the  cavalry  re- 
joined the  remainder  of  the  command  at  Johnson's 
ranch,  whence,  at  6 :3O  next  morning,  the  column  pro- 
ceeded to  the  scene  of  Perry's  defeat  at  White  Bird 
canyon,  for  the  double  purpose  of  reconnoitering  the 
enemy  and  hurrying  the  soldiers  who  had  fallen  there 
more  than  a  week  previous.  Approaching  with  ex- 
treme caution,  not  to  be  caught  a  second  time  in  the 
same  way,  they  reverently  buried  the  dead.  Mean- 
while Paige  of  Walla  Walla  with  his  gallant  volun- 
teer company,  guided  by  Arthur  Chapman,  had  been 
searching  for  signs  of  the  enemy,  whom  they  eventually 
succeeded  in  locating  on  the  safe  side  of  the  Salmon 
river.  The  general  also  learned  from  a  wounded  citi- 
zen that  it  was  Joseph's  intention  to  draw  the  whites 
into  the  vicinity  of  the  Seven  Devils,  to  get  them  the 
farther  from  a  base  of  supplies. 

To  the  military  genius  of  the  wild,  savage  chief, 
who  had  never  seen  the  inside  of  a  military  college, 
had  had  no  military  training,  had  never  read  a  work 
on  tactics,  in  short  was  without  other  guidance  than  his 
own  innate  military  judgment,  the  trained  and  ex- 
perienced general  pays  the  following  compliment : 

"The  leadership  of  Joseph  was  indeed  remarkable. 
No  general  could  have  chosen  a  safer  position  or  one 
that  would  be  more  likely  to  puzzle  and  obstruct  a  pur- 
suing foe.  If  we  present  a  weak  force  he  can  turn  upon 
us.  If  we  make  direct  pursuit  he  can  go  southward 
toward  Boise  for  at  least  thirty  miles,  and  then  turn 
our  left.  He  can  go  straight  to  his  rear  and  cross  the 
Snake  at  Pittsburg  landing.  He  can  go  clown  the  Sal- 
mon and  cross  at  one  of  several  places,  and  then  turn 
either  to  the  left  to  his  old  haunts  in  the  Wallowa  val- 
ley or  to  the  right  and  pass  our  flank,  threatening  our 
line  of  supplies,  while  he  has  at  the  same  time  a  won- 
derful natural  barrier  between  him  and  us  in  the  Sal- 
mon, a  river  that  delights  itself  in  its  furious  flow." 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Such  was  the  problem  presented  to  General  Howard 
for  solution.  He  had  not  with  him  a  sufficient  force 
so  that  he  could  send  a  part  of  it  across  the  Salmon 
river  to  bring  on  an  action  with  Joseph,  while  a  por- 
tion remained  to  meet  the  enemy  and  protect  the  citi- 
zens, should  the  wily  chieftain  recross  onto  Camas 
prairie.  He  could  not  well  retain  his  whole  command 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  for  Joseph  might  remain 
in  his  position  of  safety  indefinitely,  and  the  entire 
country  was  clamoring  for  aggressive  action. 

It  was  over  the  correct  procedure  at  this  time  that 
Howard  and  the  volunteers  had  their  first  little  tilt. 
"While  Howard  was  concentrating,"  says  F.  A.  Fenn, 
"the  Idaho  volunteers  appointed  a  committee  consisting 
of  Joseph  Peaseley,  John  McPherson  and  myself  to  go  to 
the  general  and  explain  to  him  a  means  of  escape  which 
was  open  to  the  Indians,  viz:  via  the  Billy,  or  Craig, 
crossing,  down  the  Salmon  several  miles.  This  cross- 
ing was  the  only  one  this  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Sal- 
mon, and  should  Joseph  attempt  to  escape  northward 
he  would  be  compelled  to  cross  here.  At  that  time  the 
Indians  numbered  not  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  war- 
riors, and  these  were  encumbered  with  their  squaws, 
children  and  camp  equipage  and  about  1,500  head  of 
horses.  We  called  upon  General  Howard  and  suggest- 
ed our  plan  to  him,  viz:  to  send  a  small  detachment 
north  by  the  prairie  to  the  Billy  crossing,  where  a 

ber  at  bay  in  the  rocky  defile  leading  north  from  the 
river,  while  he  himself  should  cross  at  White  Bird 
and  attack  Joseph's  rear.  By  so  doing  he  would  have 
Joseph  entrapped.  General  Howard  politely  listened 
to  our  suggestions  and  then  bowed  us  out  with  the 
remark  that  he  believed  himself  fully  competent  to 
manage  his  own  campaign.  After  events  proved  con- 
clusively that  we  understood  the  country  and  the  In- 
dians far  better  than  the  general,  for  Joseph  crossed 
his  entire  force  at  the  Billy  crossing  and,  coming  up 
on  the  prairie,  attacked  and  massacred  Lieutenant 
Rains  and  party." 

Howard  decided  to  cross  the  Salmon  with  all  his 
force,  leaving  only  Captain  Whipple's  cavalry,  which 
were  sent  back  to  arrest  Looking-glass  and  his  entire 
following  and  turn  them  over  to  the  keeping  of  the 
volunteers  at  Mount  Idaho.  He  had  some  skirmishing, 
but  sustained  no  loss  and  probably  inflicted  no  injuries 
upon  the  red  skins,  who  soon  disappeared.  "I  pressed 
this  column,"  says  Howard,  "after  the  Indians  to 
Craig's  Ferry  (ford).  Lost  our  raft  in  attempting  to 
cross.  Too  much  of  a  torrent  to  cross  troops  and  sup- 
plies without  it.  James  Reuben,  the  scout,  had  brought 
clear  accounts  that  Joseph  had  not  turned  south  toward 
his  old  haunts  in  the  Wallowa,  but  northward  and  east- 
ward, to  gather  up  Looking-glass  and  reinforcements, 
catch  small  parties  like  Rains's  detachment  and  do  what 
mischief  he  could.*  Therefore,  by  turning  straight 


R 


of  Joseph,  for  the  first  definite  information  Howard  had  that 
the  hostiles  had  escaped  him  via  the  Craig  or  Billy  crossing 

him  by  "Perry  with  news  of  the  destructio 
ains  and  his  party.—  F.  A.   Fenn. 


of  Lieut 


back,  recrossing  the  Salmon  at  Rocky  canyon,  or  White 
Bird,  where  there  were  boats,  and  going  via  Grange- 
ville,  where  I  could  bring  the  Cottonwood  force  to  me, 
I  had  a  short  line  and  hoped  to  get  a  decisive  battle 
from  our  doughty  chief."  The  Teller,  a  severe  critic 
of  Howard,  says  of  this  short  campaign:  "Nature 
made  a  trap  between  Salmon  and  Snake  rivers ;  Joseph 
baited  it  by  shaking  a  red  blanket  at  Howard  defiantly 
across  the  river.  Howard  -followed  the  bait  and  con- 
sumed three  days  in  crossing  his  five  hundred  men 
over  the  stream.  When  over  Joseph  runs  back  on  this 
side  and  returns  to  Camas  prairie.  Howard  stays  in 
his  trap  two  weeks  before  he  finds  he  is  in  a  trap." 

While  the  supreme  in  command  was  engaged  in 
this  bootless  expedition  between  the  Salmon  and  the 
Snake,  events  of  considerably  moment  were  transpiring 
on  Camas  prairie.  Captain  Whipple  had  gone  to  fulfill 
as  best  he  could  his  instructions  to  arrest  Looking- 
glass,  who,  the  friendly  Indians  said,  was  awaiting  a 
favorable  opportunity  to  join  Joseph. 

Thus  far  Lookingglass  had  maintained,  as  some 
of  the  whites  aver,  a  perfectly  neutral  attitude,  if  any- 
thing leaning  toward  the  cause  of  the  whites,  although 
there  were  doubtless  many  would-be  hostiles  among 
the  younger  element.  He  was  camped  on  Clear  creek, 
a  few  miles  east  of  the  present  town  of  Kooskia,  which 
was  considered  his  home.  Captain  Whipple  was  joined 
at  Mount  Idaho  by  about  twenty  volunteers  under  Cap- 
tain D.  B.  Randall  and  a  night  ride  was  made  to  Clear 
creek.  The  utmost  caution  was  taken  by  Captain 
Whipple  to  prevent  the  Indians  from  hearing  of  the  ap- 
proach of  the  troops.  Great  was  the  astonishment  of 
the  former  when,  just  as  the  soldiers  reached  Clear 
creek,  the  shrill  notes  of  the  bugle  rang  out  across  the 
canyon  and  were  caught  and  echoed  back  by  the  sur- 
rounding hills  and  bluffs.  In  an  instant  the  camp  was 
astir,  and  by  the  hazy  light  of  approaching  dawn  the 
Indians  could  be  seen  running  back  and  forth.  The 
red  skins  knew  what  a  bugle  call  meant. 

Immediately  a  parley  was  arranged,  and  Captain 
Whipple  and  his  escort  went  forth  to  meet  Looking- 
glass.  While  this  parley  was  progressing  Washington 
Holmes,  who  had  a  half-breed  wife,  took  it  upon  him- 

camp.  This  statement  is  made  upon  the  positive  asser- 
tions of  two  reputable  men  who  were  present — F.  A. 
Fenn  and  C.  M.  Day— and  upon  the  admission  of  Mr. 
Holmes  himself.  Of  course  this  act  of  hostility  caused 
the  immediate  breaking  off  of  negotiations  between 
Whipple  and  Lookingglass,  and  a  general  engagement 
opened.  The  Indians  soon  fled  eastward  into  the  moun- 
tains, leaving  their  tepees,  nearly  all  their  camp  equip- 
age and  over  seven  hundred  ponies.  Some  of  the 
horses  were  captured  by  the  troops  and  the  tepees  and 
equipage  were  burned.  One  Indian  child  was  killed 
in  the  exchange  of  shots,  but  the  whites  escaped  un- 
scathed. Lookingglass  soon  joined  Joseph  and  ren- 
dered that  chieftain  invaluable  assistance  in  planning 
and  executing  the  campaign.  He  appeared  as  spokes- 
man in  negotiations  and  parleys  with  the  whites,  won 
renown  by  his  diplomacy  and  shrewdness  and  impressed 
many  with  the  belief  that  to  him  of  right  belonged 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


much  of  the  credit  for  military  skill  which  has  been 
given  to  Joseph. 

Whipple  marched  next  day  to  the  Norton  ranch 
(Cottonwood)  in  obedience  to  Howard's  command 
that  he  should  form  a  junction  with  Perry  there.  Upon 
his  arrival  he  sent  two  scouts,  William  Foster  and 
Charles  Blewett,  towards  Howard's  position  at  Craig's 
crossing  to  learn  the  whereabouts  of  the  Indians.  Hav- 
ing proceeded  to  Lawyer's  canyon  thev  were  ascending 
it  when  they  saw  an  Indian  with  a  band  of  horses,  also 
three  other  Indians  in  another  direction.  They  put 
their  horses  to  full  speed  in  retreat,  Foster  leading. 
When  Foster  found  time  to  cast  a  backward  glance  he 
saw  that  his  companion  was  unhorsed  and  separated 
from  him.  "Take  to  the  brush,"  was  his  advice  as  he 
made  an  effort  to  capture  the  frightened  animal.  But 
the  horse  could  not  be  caught,  and  Foster  was  com- 
pelled to  leave  Blewett  to  his  own  resources  and  con- 
tinue his  retreat.  He  reached  Whipple's  command  in 
safety  and  reported  what  he  had  learned  as  to  the 
whereabouts  of  the  Indians. 

Whipple  immediately  prepared  to  take  up  the  line 
of  march,  sending  Second  Lieutenant  Rains  with  ten 
picked  men  and  the 'scout  Foster  to  reconnoiter  in  ad- 
vance of  the  main  command,  and  aid  Blewett  if  he 
could.  "I  particularly  cautioned  Rains,"  says  Whip- 
pie's  report,  "not  to  precede  the  command  too  far,  to 
.keep  on  high  ground  and  report  the  first  sign  of  In- 
dians." Rains  and  his  men  rode  over  the  first  rise 
from  Cottonwood  and  down  into  the  shallow  ravine 
to  the  left  of  the  present  road  leading  to  Craig's  moun- 
tain from  the  prairie.  Here  they  were  attacked  by 
what  proved  to  be  a  large  force  of  Indians.  Whipple, 
who  heard  the  firing,  came  up  as  fast  as  possible,  but 
he  saw  that  the  Indians  were  in  such  numbers  and  so 
well  intrenched  that  he  could  do  nothing  to  help  except 
at  a  loss  of  a  greater  number  of  men,  so  he  was  com- 
pelled to  watch  the  doomed  detachment  as  one  by  one 
its  members  fell.  Some  sought  such  shelter  as  they 
could  find,  some  attempted  to  retreat  back  to  Whipple's- 
command,  but  not  one  escaped  the  bullets  of  the  In- 
dian sharpshooters.  Whipple's  command  formed  in 
line  on  one  side  of  the  ravine  while  the  Indians  did  like- 
wise on  the  other,  but  they  were  too  far  apart  for  ef- 
fective action,  and  neither  combatant  cared  to  give  the 
other  advantage  by  descending  to  lower  ground.  They 
stood  menacing  each  other  until  nightfall,  when  Whip- 
pie  returned  to  Cottonwood  and  the  Indians  retired 
toward  Craig's  crossing.  During  the  night  couriers 
arrived  from  Perry,  who  was  en  route  to  Cottonwood 
with  a  pack  train  from  Fort  Lapwai.  This  was  sup- 
posed to  be  in  imminent  danger  of  attack  by  hostiles, 
therefore  Whipple  set  out  next  morning,  July  4th,  to 
reinforce  the  escorting  detachment.  He  met  the  pack 
train  eight  miles  out  and  brought  it  to  its  destination 
in  safety.  "About  midday,"  says  Whipple,  "Indians 
began  to  gather,  and  but  a  short  time  elapsed  before 
the  camp  (Cottonwood)  was  surrounded  by  them,  and 
for  hours  they  made  the  most  frantic  efforts  to  dislodge 
us.  Every  man  of  the  command  was  kept  on  the 
lines  this  afternoon  (rifle  pits  having  been  dug  at  a 


little  distance  from  the  Cottonwood  house)  until  about 
sundown,  when  the  enemy  withdrew  for  the  night." 

Perry  was  now  chief  in  command  at  Cottonwood. 
On  the  morning  of  July  51)1  an  event  transpired  which 
drew  down  upon  him  a  storm  of  criticism,  while  it 
earned  for  Lieutenant  D.  B.  Randall,  before  mentioned, 
and  sixteen  volunteers  under  his  command  a  place 
among  the  world's  heroes.  The  famous  seventeen  were 
seen  approaching  from  the  direction  of  Mount  Idaho 
and  were  recognized  to  be  volunteers.  The  Indians  at 
the  time  were  moving  their  stock  toward  Clear- 
water.  As  soon  as  they  saw  the  volunteers  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  of  them  returned  to  intercept  the 
doughty  little  squad  and  prevent  their  reaching  Whip- 
pie.  The  Indians  succeeded  in  getting  between  the 
volunteers  and  the  regulars,  taking  a  position  on  an 
elevation  of  ground  near  the  intersection  of  the  Elk 
City  trail  with  the  stage  road.  Perry  was  now  urged 
to  go  with  troops  to  the  rescue,  but  he  refused,  saying 
that  the  volunteers  were  already  beyond  hope.  No 
doubt  the  captain  honestly  thought  that  an  effort  to 
save  the  volunteers  would  be  bootless,  yet  the  sang 
froid  of  a  refusal  to  try  is  hard  to  understand.* 

Had  Randall  ordered  a  retreat  it  is  probable  that 
the  Indians,  on  their  fleet  ponies,  would  have  run  down 
his  men  and  killed  most  if  not  all  of  them,  but  Randall 
was  not  a  retreating  man.  He  continued  on  his  course 
and  the  Indians  soon  had  him  surrounded.  He  ordered 
a  fierce  charge  ahead,  broke  through  their  lines,  se- 
cured a  favorable  position  between  the  Indians  and  Cot- 
tonwood, ordered  his  men  to  dismount  and  shoot 
down  horses,  and  he  and  they  again  faced  the  Indians, 
intending  to  hold  their  position  until  help  should  arrive 
from  Cottonwood.  In  this  charge,  which  differs  from 
that  of  the  Light  Brigade  in  that  the  men  did  not  "ride 
back,"  Randall  was  mortally  wounded,  B.  F.  Evans 
was  killed  and  three  others  received  injuries  more  or 
less  serious.  Randall  was  paralyzed  by  his  wound, 
which  was  in  the  backbone,  and  died  a  few  minutes 
after  dismounting. 

Mr.  F.  A.  Fenn  tells  us  that  on  the  eminence  just 
back  of  the  old  Cottonwood  hotel,  where  Perry's  force 
was  stationed,  a  small  body  of  troopers  and  citizens 
was  engaged  in  throwing  up  breastworks  when  the  In- 
dians attacked  the  seventeen.  They  saw  the  charge  of 
the  volunteers,  watched  them  take  a  more  sheltered 
position  a  little  over  a  mile  from  the  fort  at  Cottonwood 
and  waited  in  vain  for  the  order  to  mount  and  go  to 
the  rescue.  They  saw  F.  D.  Vansise  ride  in  for  rein- 
forcements. They  also  saw  the  appeal  pass  unheeded 
by  Colonel  Perry.  Then  they  ceased  watching  and 
acted.  Sergeant  Simpson  sprang  to  the  front  and 
cried :  "If  your  officers  won't  lead  you  I  will."  He 
was  joined  by  twenty-five  others,  all  of  whom  made 


""'Especially  so,"  says  F.  A.  Fenn,  "as  the  seventeen  went 
there  at  the  urgent  request  of  Perry  for  reinforcements, 
which  request  he  sent  by  a  courier  named  Crooks  the  night 
before  to  Mount  Idaho."  F.  D.  Vansise  is,  however,  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


their  way  toward  the  horses.  Perry,  seeing  that  his 
men  were  determined  to  go  anyway,  directed  Captain 
Whipple  to  take  charge  of  the  company,  and  under  him 
reinforcements  went  to  the  seventeen  and  brought 
them  safely  in.  Sergeant  Simpson  was  arrested  on  the 
charge  of  insubordination,  but  afterwards  participated 
in  the  Clearwater  fight,  where  he  was  seriously  wound- 
ed. Subsequently  the  charge  against  him  was  with- 

When  the  reinforcements  arrived  they  found  the 
men  still  holding  their  ground,  having  withstood  nearly 
ten  times  their  number  for  about  an  hour.  Many  are 
of  the  opinion  that  had  the  soldiers  come  speedily  to 
the  fray  and  followed  up  the  advantage  with  vigor  a 
severe  whipping  might  have  been  administered  to  the 
red  skins.  The  regular  officers,  however,  were  exon- 
erated by  a  court  of  inquiry.  Fortunately  the  names 
of  the  celebrated  seventeen  have  been  preserved  for  us. 
They  are  as  follows :  D.  B.  Randall  and  B.  F.  Evans, 
killed ;  A.  B.  Leland,  D.  H.  Howser  and  Charles  John- 
son, wounded,  Mr.  Howser  mortally;  L.  P.  Wilmot, 
J.  L.  Cearley,  James  Buchanan,  William  B.  Beemer, 
Charles  W.  Case,  E.  J.  Bunker,  Frank  D.  Vansise,  C. 
M.  Day,  George  Riggins,  A.  D.  Bartly,  H.  C.  Johnson 
and  F.  A.  Fenn. 

The  war  thus  far  had  been  decidedly  in  the  Indians' 
favor.  They  had  administered  a  disastrous  defeat  to 
Perry  at  White  Bird;  they  had  successfully  eluded 
Howard  at  the  Salmon  river,  causing  his  entire  force 
to  consume  much  valuable  time  in  accomplishing  noth- 
ing; they  had  massacreed  Rains  and  party;  they  had 
escaped  from  Whipple  and  Perry  at  Cottonwood ;  they 
had  effected  a  junction  of  the  forces  under  Looking- 
glass  with  those  of  Joseph,  despite  the  efforts  of  Whip- 
pie's  cavalry  and  Randall's  volunteers,  sent  to  effect 
the  arrest  of  the  former  chieftain,  and  the  only  check 
they  had  as  yet  received,  that  administered  by  Ran- 
dall's seventeen,  had  inflicted  slight  damage.*  These 
successes,  however,  had  inspired  Joseph  with  the  pride 
which  precedes  a  fall.  Whether  he  thought  it  was  im- 
possible for  the  whites  to  concentrate,  or  that  he  dare 
risk  a  battle  with  Howard's  entire  command,  is  not 
definitely  known,  but  at  any  rate  he  allowed  himself  to 
be  brought  to  a  decisive  engagement,  as  a  result  of 
which  he  was  forced  to  yield  the  struggle  on  Idaho 
soil  and  begin  his  famous  retreat  over  the  Bitter  Roots 
and  the  tortuous  trail  beyond. 

Failing  to  effect  a  crossing  at  Craig's  ford,  Howard 
took  the  backward  track,  recrossing  the  Salmon,  and 
July  9th  found  him  again  at  Grangeville.  His  force 
was  weakened  by  the  withdrawal  of  Hunter's  Dayton 
volunteers,  McConville's  Lewiston  volunteers  and  Cap- 
tain Cearley's  company,  who,  Howard  says,  "had  be- 
come a  little  disgusted  with  the  slowness  of  regulars 
and  angry  at  their  own  fearful  discomfiture  near  Cot- 


:   found  where   the   India 


acknowledged  that  he  \ 


after  the  fight  with 
wnded   that   he   died 


tonwood ;"  hence  started  on  an  independent  movement.* 
They  began  reconnoitering  for  the  enemy,  soon  struck 
their  trail,  following  which  they  succeeded  in  locating 
the  Indians  near  the  junction  of  the  south  and  middle 
forks  of  the  Clearwater.  Captain  Cearley  and  L.  P. 
Wilmot  were  sent  out  to  discover  their  exact  position, 
and  did  so.  Though  they  saw  no  warriors,  they  judged 
from  the  number  of  lodges  and  horses  that  the  Indians 
were  in  too  great  force  to  be  successfully  attacked  by 
the  small  force  of  volunteers,  and  so  reported.  Ac- 
cordingly no  aggressive  movement  was  made,  but  the 
volunteers  busied  themselves  in  throwing  up  fortifica- 
tions and  strengthening  their  position  against  a  possi- 
ble assault.  They  had  a  race  with  the  Indians  about 
two  o'clock  that  day,  when  the  approach  of  Major 
Shearer  with  fourteen  men  was  the  signal  for  an  In- 
dian attempt  to  head  him  off.  They  succeeded  in 
bringing  Shearer  in  safely.  Upon  his  arrival  it  was 
determined  to  send  a  massage  to  Howard,  twelve  miles 
distant,  apprising  him  of  the  whereabouts  of  the  In- 
dians and  asking  that  he  march  next  day  to  co-operate 
with  them  in  an  attack  upon  the  hostiles.  Howard  was 
waiting  for  reinforcements,  and  did  not  do  so.  Mean- 
while the  Indians  made  a  night  attack  upon  the  vol- 
unteers, killing  and  driving  away  forty-three  of  their 
horses.  The  volunteers  waited  for  another  day  and 
night,  but  their  messenger  failed  to  return,  on  account 
of  sickness,  and,  not  seeing  any  sign  of  Howard  and 
being  short  of  provisions  and  horses,  they  withdrew 
toward  Mount  Idaho.  McConville  was  criticised  for 
yielding  this  position,  which  Howard  wished  him  to 
hold  as  a  part  of  the  enveloping  force,  "but,"  says  Ban- 
croft, who  seems  to  get  his  information  largely  from 
Sutherland's  history  of  Howard's  campaign,  "being 
separated  from  Howard  by  the  river,  and  having  lost 
a  large  number  of  the  horses,  it  was  prudent  and  good 
tactics  to  retire  and  let  the  Indians  fall  into  the  trap 
Howard  had  set  for  them  near  their  own  camp  and  to 
place  himself  between  the  settlements  and  the  Indians." 
The  "trap"  consisted  in  Howard's  attacking  Joseph  on 
the  opposite  side  from  the  volunteers'  abandoned  posi- 
tion, in  which  direction  the  Indians  had  thrown  up 


i    libel    ; 


ver   published"'     The5  action  of  The  • 

heid"almost~ten"times"their  number  at  bay  in  pitched  battle 
for  an  hour  and  a  half  and  finally  drove  them  off  out  of 
range.  Casualties  to  the  Indians  were  nine  killed,  as  evi- 
denced by  the  graves  thev  left;  the  whites  had  two  killed 
and  three  wounded.  This  was  the  first  real  reverse  inflicted 
upon  the  hostiles  and  Howard's  statement  passes  understand- 
ing. When  informed  of  the  fight  of  the  seventeen,  Mc- 
Conville, who  was  at  the  time  with  Howard,  at  once  set  out 
with  the  citizen  soldiers,  including  Hunter's  men  under  his 
command,  numbering  about  one  hundred  men,  to  reinforce 
their  fellows— and  Perry,  who  was  so  anxiously  calling  for 
help.  McConville  made  a  forced  march  from  White  Bird 
and  reached  Cottonwood  the  evening  of  the  5th.  The  next 
morning  all  of  the  volunteers  made  a  forced  march  to 
Mount  Idaho,  in  the  direction  of  which  the  Indians  had 
moved.  It  has  always  been  understood  that  Howard  de- 
Perry."" 


Catholic  Church  built  on  Coeur  d' Alene  River  at  Old  Mission  in  1 853  by  the  Indians  and  Jesuit  Missionaries. 
Wooden  Pegs  were  used  instead  of  Nails  to  put  it  together. 


Foster  Monument  Commemorating  a  Scene  in  the  Nez  Perces  War  oi  1ST, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


breastworks.  Joseph's  camp  lay  not  far  from  the 
mouth  of  Cottonwood  creek,  in  a  deep  defile  among 
the  high  hills.  On  the  i  ith  of  July  Howard  approached 
it  with  his  entire  force.  Captain  Trimble  from  Slate 
creek,  Perry,  Whipple  and  all.  About  noon  Lieutenant 
Fletcher  discovered  the  Indians,  and  by  one  o'clock  a 
howitzer  and  two  gatling  guns  were  throwing  leaden 
missiles  at  the  Indians  below.  These  were  getting  their 
horses  out  of  range  as  rapidly  as  possible.  The  contour 
of  the  country  favored  them,  and  soon  they  were  safe. 
Howard  ordered  a  change  of  position  to  a  bluff  toward 
the  left,  which  could  only  be  reached  by  a  trip  of  more 
than  a  mile  around  the  head  of  a  ravine.  Upon  reach- 
ing this  position  with  the  howitzer  and  gatlings  they 
found  Joseph  already  in  line  of  battle  and  saw  a  number 
of  mounted  Indians  attempting  their  flanking  move- 
ment to  the  left.  Winters  with  his  cavalry  met  these 
flankers  and  foiled  them  in  their  purpose.  Soon  the 
battle  began  in  good  earnest.  "My  line,"  says  Howard, 
"1  extended  to  the  left  by  the  cavalry  and  to  the  right 
by  the  infantry  and  artillery  battalions,  gradually  re- 
fusing my  flanks,  until  the  whole  bluff  was  enveloped. 
Four  hundred  men,  necessarily  much  spread  out,  held 
a  line  two  and  a  half  miles  in  extent.  Our  main  pack 
train  had  passed  by  this  position.  Another  small  train 
with  a  few  supplies  was  on  the  road  near  us.  The  In- 
dian flankers  by  their  rapid  movement  struck  the  rear 
of  the  small  train,  killed  two  of  the  packers  and  dis- 
abled a  couple  of  mules,  loaded  with  howitzer  ammu- 
nition. The  prompt  fire  from  Perry's  and  Whipple's 
cavalry  saved  the  attendant  ammunition  from  capture, 
luckily.  The  main  supply  train  was  saved  only  by  the 
quick  work  of  a  messenger,  guiding  it  within  the 

Charges  and  counter  charges  were  made  during 
the  day,  in  one  of  which,  led  by  Captain  Miles,  Cap- 
tain Bancroft  and  Lieutenant  Williams  were  seriously 
injured  and  a  number  of  the  enemy  were  killed  and 
wounded.  A  charge  near  the  center  by  Miller  gave 
the  whites  a  disputed  ravine,  but  the  repeated  charges 
of  the  enemy  were  successfully  repelled.  The  whites, 
however,  were  not  in  the  best  position  at  nightfall,  as 
their  water  supply,  a  spring,  was  commanded  by  the 
Indian  sharpshooters,  so  that  it  was  only  by  running 
the  gauntlet  of  a  dangerous  fire  that  the  officers  ob- 
tained during  the  night  sufficient  water  to  slake  the 
thirst  of  their  men.  Throughout  most  of  the  hours  of 
darkness  the  combatants  on  both  sides  worked  hard 
constructing  stone  barricades  and  rifle  pits. 

"At  daylight  on  the  I2th,"  says  Howard,  "every 
available  man  was  on  the  line.  I  directed  that  food 
should  be  cooked  and  coffee  made  at  the  center  and 
carried  to  the  front.  This  was  not  easy  to  do,  for  we 
had  first  to  get  complete  possession  of  the  spring,  as 
sufficient  water  was  not  secured  in  the  night.  This 
feat  was  executed  with  great  spirit  by  Miller  and 
Perry,  using  Otis's  battery  and  Rodney's  company  on 
foot.  As  soon  as  the  battery  had  made  a  rapid  firing 
it  ceased  and  a  prompt  charge  at  a  run  with  shouting 
was  undertaken  by  the  men  in  support.  The  Indian 
sharpshooters  were  thus  driven  from  their  hiding 


places  and  the  spring  secured  by  our  riflemen  against 
recapture. 

"As  soon  as  every  man  had  been  provided  with 
food  I  directed  that  the  artillery  battalion  be  withdrawn 
from  the  lines,  thin  though  they  were  already,  and  that 
the  whole  stretch  be  held  by  the  infantry  and  cavalry. 
This  gave  a  reserve  force  to  employ  in  an  offensive 
movement.  It  should  be  remembered  that  the  number 
of  our  men  on  the  line  and  the  number  of  Indian  war- 
riors that  Joseph  marshaled  were  about  equal.  Miller 
withdrew  his  battalion  and  at  2  130  p.  m.,  the  time  I 
had  selected,  was  preparing  to  execute  a  peculiar  move- 
ment, viz:  to  push  out  by  the  west  flank,  pierce  the 
enemy's  line  just  west  of  the  center,  cross  his  barri- 
caded ravine,  then  face  suddenly  to  the  right  and 
charge  so  as  to  strike  the  Indian  position  in  reverse,  as- 
sisting himself  meanwhile  by  a  howitzer. 

"Miller  was  fully  ready  and  about  to  move  when 
beyond  the  Indian  position  toward  the  south  a  dust  ap- 
peared in  the  distance.  Our  glasses,  quickly  catching 
every  new  appearance,  revealed  it  as  the  expected  sup- 
ply train,  escorted  by  Jackson's  cavalry.  Immediately 
the  artillery  battalion,  which  was  waiting  for  the  other 
work,  was  sent  out  to  meet  the  newcomers.  This  oc- 
casioned considerable  skirmishing  and  a  delay  of  an 
hour,  when  the  train  was  brought  in  in  safety.  To 
our  joy  Major  Keeler  of  General  McDowell's  staff  ac- 
companied the  escort  and  brought  us  cheering  words 
from  his  general  at  San  Francisco  as  well  as  welcome 
reinforcements.  At  the  time  of  these  arrivals  I  had 
ridden  out  a  few  yards  to  secure  a  fair  view  of  the 
field.  Upon  my  invitation  Major  Keeler  came  for- 
ward to  see  the  battle  and  took  a  place  by  my  side. 

"Captain  Miller,  instead  of  returning  with  the  train, 
was  marching  slowly  in  column  by  the  right  flank  to- 
ward us,  when,  as  he  crossed  the  enemy's  line,  just 
at  the  right  point,  he  faced  to  the  left,  moved  quickly 
in  line  for  nearly  a  mile  across  our  front  and  repeatedly 
charged  the  enemy's  positions.  This  manner  of  strik- 
ing at  an  angle  and  following  up  the  break  is  called 
'rolling  up  the  enemy's  line.'  This  Miller  accomplished  • 
most  effectually.  The  usual  attempt  to  double  his  left 
was  made  by  the  Indians,  when  a  reserved  company, 
Rodney's,  in  Miller's  rear  deployed,  flanked  the  flank- 
ers and  drove  them  back. 

"For  a  few  minutes  there  was  a  stubborn  resistance 
at  Joseph's  barricades ;  then  his  whole  line  gave  way. 
Immediately  the  pursuit  was  taken  up  by  the  whole 
force,  infantry  and  artillery.  Winter's  troops,  dismount- 
ed, and  the  remaining  cavalry,  as  soon  as  they  could 
saddle  and  mount.  This  movement  was  decisive.  The 
Indians  are  completely  routed  and  flying  over  the 
rugged  banks,  through  the  ravines,  swimming  and 
wading  the  river  and  our  forces  are  in  close  pursuit." 

Jackson's  cavalry  had  failed  to  reach  the  scene  in 
time  to  participate  in  the  battle,  but  it  was  on  hand 
for  the  pursuit.  It,  with  the  force  in  charge  of  the 
gatling  gun,  quickly  moved  to  a  point  overlooking  the 
Clearwater.  The  howitzers  also  were  brought  to  this 
position  and  a  fusillade  was  poured  into  the  retreating 
Indians  and  their  ponies.  Meanwhile  other  troops 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


pressed  down  the  ravines  and  steep  hillsides  to  the 
river's  edge,  but  further  they  could  not  go,  owing  to 
the  depth  of  the  water.  Soon  Perry's  cavalry  came 
to  the  canyon's  bottom  and  across  the  river,  but  for 
some  reason  Perry  did  not  press  the  pursuit  up  the 
opposite  bank,  contenting  himself  rather  with  taking 
a  position  near  the  deserted  Indian  lodges.  Howard, 
scanning  the  field  with  his  glass,  noticed  a  movement 
of  Indians  which  indicated  to  him  a  possible  intention 
on  their  part  to  return  to  the  conflict.  He  warned 
Perry  of  the  danger  to  his  cavalry  and  ordered  him  to 
ferry  the  infantry  across  so  as  to  present  a  sufficient 
force  in  opposition  should  the  red  men  evince  a  taste 
for  further  battle.  The  whites  could  not  effect  a 
crossing  of  the  stream  as  expeditiously  as  did  their 
dusky  foe ;  the  time  consumed  gave  the  Indians  oppor- 
tunity of  escape  to  a  point  so  far  remote  as  to  make 
their  overhauling  before  dark  an  impossibility;  the 
troops,  therefore,  concluded  to  camp  for  the  night,  and 
the  battle  of  the  Clearwater  was  over.  The  Indian 
loss  was  twenty-three  killed,  perhaps  forty  wounded 
and  as  many  more  captured,  besides  the  stores  of 
blankets,  buffalo  robes,  provisions  and  promiscuous 
equipage  they  were  compelled  to  abandon  at  their 
camp.  Howard  reports  his  loss  as  thirteen  killed  and 
twenty-two  wounded. 

The  most  severe  criticism  made  against  Howard 
in  the  Clearwater  battle  is  that  he  failed  to  follow  up 
the  advantage  which  Miller's  successful  charge  gave 
him.  McConville's  volunteers  had  returned  during  the 
last  day  of  the  fight  and  were  stationed  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Clearwater  several  miles  from  the  battle- 
field. They  were  holding  themselves  in  readiness  to  at- 
tack the  Indians  in  front  whenever  the  troops  gave  evi- 
dence that  they  would  support  the  attack  from  the  rear. 
Had  the  troops  crossed  behind  the  Indians  and  hung 
on  Joseph's 'flanks  and  the  volunteers  under  Major  Mc- 
Conville  attacked  them  in  front  the  war,  so  many  crit- 
ics aver,  might  have  been  ended  then  and  there.  In- 
stead, however,  the  Indians  were  allowed  to  proceed 
•  leisurely  to  Kamiah,  where  they  crossed  the  river  and 
commenced  their  retreat. 

Next  morning  Howard  reached  Kamiah  in  time  to 
see  the  last  of  Joseph's  band  crossing  the  Clearwater. 
When  the  river  was  reached  the  last  Indian  was  across, 
and,  though  the  gatling  guns  were  put  into  operation, 
they  inflicted  little  damage.  Joseph  took  a  position  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Lolo  trail,  where,  by  sending 
scouts  in  all  directions,  he  could  keep  close  watch  upon 
the  movements  of  the  soldiers  and  learn  the  outlines  of 
Howard's  plans. 

That  general  had  it  in  mind  to  reach,  if  he  could, 
a  position  some  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  beyond  Joseph, 
where  there  was  a  junction  of  trails,  thus  cutting  off 
his  escape,  but  Joseph's  scouts  were  too  vigilant;  the 
plan  was  surmised  and  the  Indians  hastily  set  out  to 
anticipate  him. 

In  pursuit  of  this  plan  Howard. started  on  the  I5th 
of  July,  ostensibly  for  Lapwai,  but  intending  to  go 
down  the  river  to  Dumvell's  ferry,  thence  to  a  position 
in  Joseph's  rear.  When  he  discovered  that  his  inten- 
tions were  surmised  he  went  back  to  Kamiah,  leaving 


Jackson  and  some  volunteers  who  had  just  rejoined  the 
regulars  to  guard  against  a  possible  return  by  the  In- 
dians across  the  river  at  Dunwell's.  He  was  met  by  a 
messenger  from  Joseph  asking  upon  what  terms  the 
chief  might  surrender.  While  the  conference  was  in 
progress  a  shot,  fired  by  the  Indians,  struck  near  the 
consulting  party,  a  circumstance  which  certainly  looked 
like  bad  faith  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  though  Suth- 
erland, author  of  "Howard's  Nez  Perces  Campaign," 
thinks  Joseph  really  intended  to  surrender  and  was  only 
deterred  by  Howard's  reply  that  he  and  his  men  would 
be  tried  before  a  court-martial  of  regular  officers.  How- 
ard considered  the  proposal  a  ruse  to  delay  his  move- 
ments. At  any  rate  Joseph  did  not  surrender,  though 
the  messenger,  his  family  and  some  other  Indians 
afterward  did. 

Meanwhile  the  cavalry,  scouts  and  volunteers  had 
been  ferried  across  the  river,  and  these  Howard  sent 
under  Colonel  Mason  to  pursue  the  enemy,  to  learn  his 
intentions  and  engage  him  in  battle  if  such  could  be 
done  with  fair  prospect  of  success.  The  scouts  ran  into 
Joseph's  rear  guard  near  Oro  Fino  creek  and  had  a 
brush  with  it,  in  which  one  scout  was  killed  and  one 
wounded.  One  of  the  enemy  was  also  killed.  Believ- 
ing it  unsafe  to  attempt  to  use  cavalry  in  a  country  so 
favorable  for  ambuscades,  Mason  returned  and  the 
campaign  in  Idaho  was  ended.  Howard  summarizes 
the  war  thus  far  in  this  language : 

"The  Indians  had  been  well  led  and  well  fought. 
They  had  defeated  two  companies  in  a  pitched  battle. 
They  had  eluded  pursuit  and  crossed  the  Salmon.  They 
had  turned  back  and  crossed  our  communications,  had 
kept  our  cavalry  on  the  defensive  and  defeated  a 
company  of  volunteers*  They  had  finally  been  forced 
to  concentrate,  it  is  true,  and  had  been  brought  to  bat- 
tle. But,  in  battle  with  regular  troops,  they  had  held 
out  for  nearly  two  days  before  they  were  beaten,  and 
after  that  were  still  able  to  keep  together,  cross  a  river 
to  deep  to  be  forded  and  then  check  our  pursuing  cav- 
alry and  make  off  to  other  parts  beyond  Idaho.  The 
result  would  necessitate  a  long  and  tedious  chase. 

"Still,  on  our  side,  the  Indians  had  been  stopped  in 
their  murders,  had  been  resolutely  met  everywhere  and 
driven  into  position  and  beaten  ;  and  by  subsequent  pur- 
suit the  vast  country  was  freed  from  their  terrible 
presence." 

It  is  practically  impossible  at  this  late  date  to  so 
come  into  possession  of  the  details  of  the  war  as  to 
enable  one  to  express  a  definite  opinion  about  the 
merits  of  the  dispute  between  the  regulars  and  volun- 
teers, even  if  a  historian  were  justified  in  usurping  the 
function  of  a  judge  or  jury  and  dealing  in  generaliza- 
tions and  deductions  from  facts  rather  than  in  the 
facts  themselves.  Many  severe  criticisms  have  been 
made  upon  Howard's  slowness  of  movement,  and  it  is 
the  general  opinion  of  volunteers  and  others  that, 
while  he  proved  himself  a  gentleman  of  many  virtues, 
he  failed  to  adapted  himself  to  the  condition  presented 


*The  volui 
ant  charge  a 
defeat. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


by  the  known  methods  of  Indian  warfare ;  that  he  was 
not  aggressive  and  vigorous  enough  to  be  called  a  "good 
Indian  fighter."  Howard,  in  his  valuable  work  enti- 
tled "Nez  Perces  Joseph,"  has  attempted  an  answer  to 
these  objections,  mainly  by  pointing  out  the  difficulties 
which  surrounded  him  and  contending  that  greater 
expedition  was  impossible  under  the  circumstances. 
Severe  strictures  were  made  by  citizens  upon  some 
of  the  inferior  officers,  particularly  Captain  Perry, 
whose  military  movements  were  made  the  occasion 
for  the  sessions  of  two  courts  of  inquiry.  Charges  of 
lack  of  discipline  and  incompetence  were  brought  by 
some  officers  of  the  regular  army  against  the  volun- 
teers also,  the  most  bitter  being  by  Major  Keeler,  of 
General  McDowell's  staff,  who  had  the  least  oppor- 
tunity to  know  whereof  he  spoke.  Howard,  be  it  said 
to  his  credit,  frankly  commended  the  volunteers,  more 
than  once  publicly,  thanking  them  for  valuable  assist- 
ance rendered  him. 

After  the  return  of  Mason  with  the  report  that 
Joseph'  had  certainly  gone  toward  the  buffalo  coun- 
try, Howard  naturally  began  revolving  in  his  mind 
plans  for  future  operations.  He  thought  at  first  of 

soula  at  once,  trusting  Colonel  Green,  who  was  bring- 
ing a  force  from  Fort  Boise,  and  General  Wheaton, 
coming  to  Lewiston  from  Georgia  as  fast  as  steam 
could  carry  him,  with  the  task  of  protecting  Camas 
prairie  and  the  rest  of  north  Idaho.  This  plan  had  to 
be  abandoned  on  account  of  the  alarm  lest  Joseph 
should  suddenly  return  and  swoop  down  again  upon 
the  temporarily  unprotected  settlements.  So  Howard 
himself  awaited  the  arrival  of  Green's  advance  guard, 
thus  giving  the  hostiles  a  splendid  lead  in  the  race  and 
occasioning  a  loud  clamor  from  the  impatient  journ- 
alists and  people.  The  plan  evolved  during  the  per- 
iod of  waiting  was  to  form  two  columns  and  a  reserve, 
the  right  column  to  be  led  by  Howard  in  person,  the 
left  by  Wheaton,  and  the  reserve  to  stay  with  Green 
at  Camas  prairie.  Howard's  force  was  to  take  the 
Lolo  trail;  Wheaton's  the  Mullan  road  and  the  re- 
serve to  "watch  all  trails,  keep  inter-communication, 
be  ready  for  hostile  Indians,  should  they  double  back, 
and  give  heart  to  all  neighboring  farmers,  miners, 
prospectors,  and  friendly  Indians  by  the  show  of  pro- 
tection at  hand." 

Howard  with  his  right  column  took  the  trail  on  the 
26th  of  July,  1877.  His  journeyings  from  that  time 
until  the  capture  of  Joseph  are  replete  with  adventures 
and  incidents,  but  all  this  is  extra-territorial  to  the  his- 
torian of  north  Idaho  and  though  completeness  de- 
mands a  brief  narration  of  the  long  chase,  yet  it  must 
be  brief.  Day  after  day  the  column  toiled  on,  slipping, 
sliding,  up  the  steep  acclivities,  down  the  precipitous 
mountain  sides,  following  the  windings  of  the  inter- 
minable "hogs-backs,"  as  connecting  ridges  between 
two  mountain  uplifts  are  called,  vigilant  always  to 
keep  out  of  traps  the  wily  red  skins  may  set,  the  com- 
manding general  not  alone  burdened  with  the  respon- 
sibility of  a  campaign,  presenting  at  times  grave  dan- 
ger of  ambush  and  surprise,  but  smarting  under  the 
lash  that  is  being  applied  by  numerous  newspapers  the 


whole  country  over.  The  Indians,  familiar  with  the 
country  by  frequent  former  trips  to  the  buffalo 
grounds,  possessing  an  ability  to  get  work  out  of  a 
horse  such  as  no  white  man  can,  and  led  by  one  whom 
Miles  has  characterized  the  greatest  military  genius 
of  the  Indian  race,  are  making  one  of  the  most 
brilliant  retreats  in  the  annals  of  Indian  warfare. 
Once  they  might  have  been  stopped  and  held  for 
Howard. "  A  small  force  of  regulars  under  Cap- 
tain Rawn  and  a  considerable  number  of  citizen 
soldiers  had  built  a  fort  at  the  enterance  of  the 
Lolo  trail  into  the  Lolo  valley.  The  pass  was 
narrow,  the  walls  high  and  precipitous.  'The  fort, 
though  a  hastily  constructed  affair,  was  so  favorably 
situated  that  it  commanded  the  situation  completely. 
When  the  Indians  arrived  they  quickly  saw  their  dis- 
advantage. Being  diplomats  as  well  as  warriors,  they 
determined  to  try  the  effect  of  a  parley  where  bullets 
would  be  plainly'  ineffective.  They  promised  to  do  no 
damage  to  the  citizens  of  the  valley  if  only  they  should 
be  allowed  to  proceed.  Why  should  they  not  make 
such  a  promise  ?  They  not  only  hoped  to  gain  a  pres- 
ent advantage  but  to  placate  the  people  and  perhaps 
get  them  in  the  notion  of  trade,  for  they  were  sorely 
in  need  of  fresh  horses,  and  fresh  supplies  of  ammuni- 

umphed.  "The  soldiers  and  citizens  withdrew,  allow- 
ing the  red  men  to  pass  without  opposition  through  a 
trail  they  had  been  busily  preparing  during  the  four 
days  of  parley  to  the  left  of  the  fort.  An  unpatriotic 
act,  certainly,  but  Howard  did  not  blame  them  and 
surely  we  can  afford  to  be  no  less  charitable.  Hardly, 
however,  can  we  imagine  Randall  or  McConville  or 
Paige  or  Cearley  doing  such  a  thing. 

Space  forbids  narration  of  the  day  and  night  rid- 
ing of  messengers  between  Howard's  advance  col- 
umn and  the  United  States  forces  to  the  eastward  who 
were  now  becoming  interested  in  the  campaign.  Even 
a  war  of  small  magnitude  develops  numerous  heroes, 
for  the  world  is  full  of  heroism,  so  full  that  it  cannot 
pay  its  meed  of  hero-worship  to  each.  If  it  could  the 
despatch-bearers  who  rode  furiously  and  without  rest 
day  or  night  over  the  danger-beset,  roadless,  rough 
and  rugged  country  between  Howard  and  the  Indian 
rear  guard,  would  come  in  for  a  full  share. 

One  of  these  messengers  reached  Howard  on  the 
6th  of  August,  announced  his  name  as  Pardee  and 
brought  the  news  that  General  Gibbon  had  left  his 
headquarters  at  Helena ;  had  hastened  to  Missoula,  ar- 
riving just  after  the  Indians  had  passed  Rawn's  fort, 
was  pushing  forward  on  Joseph's  trail  with  less  than 
two  hundred  men  and  wanted  reinforcements.  An- 
other, named  Sutherland,  left  the  same  evening  with 
Howard's  reply  which  was  that  "General  Howard  is 
coming  on,  as  fast  as  possible,  by  forced  marches  with 
two  hundred  cavalrymen,  to  give  the  needed  reinforce- 
In  compliance  with  this  promise,  Howard  quick- 
ened his  pace,  but  the  horses  were  weary  with  long 
marches,  weakened  by  insufficient  nutrition  and  un- 
able to  satisfy  with  their  speed  the  eagerness  of  the 
commander.  'On  the  loth  of  August,  therefore,  How- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ard  determined  to  take  twenty-five  picked  horses  and 
men  and  seventeen  scouts,  with  whom  to  ride  as  fast 
and  as  far  as  possible  in  quest  of  Gibbon,  leaving  the 
remaining  cavalry  to  pursue  as  quickly  as  they  could. 
At  dusk  this  advance  guard  encountered  seven  citi- 
zens, from  whom  they  learned  that  Gibbon  had  had 
a  fight  the  day  before.  The  citizens  gave  a  gloomy  ac- 
count and,  though  little  credit  was  accorded  it  as  it 
seemed  like  the  semi-imaginative  report  of  men  who 
run  as  soon  as  a  battle  commences,  a  messenger  is 
sent  forward  that  night  to  apprise  Gibbon  of  the  help 
coming.  Gibbon's  messenger  missed  Howard's  small 
force  but  delivered  the  message  to  Mason,  in  the  rear, 
with  whom  were  the  much  needed  medical  officers. 

By  10  A.  M.  on  the  morning  of  August  nth,  How- 
ard came  up  to  Gibbon's  fortified  camp,  where  the 
train  and  a  small  guard  of  soldiers  and  volunteers  had 
been  left.  Hastening  onward  he  soon  reached  Gib- 
bon's position,  and  found  him,  as  his  message  would 
have  told  had  it  been  received,  near  the  mouth  of  Big 
Hole  pass  in  rather  sorry  plight.  The  camp  looked 
very  much  like  a  hospital  from  the  number  lying  help- 
less and  the  profusion  of  bandages. 

Gibbon  had  arrived  at  a  point  within  six  miles 
of  the  Indians'  camp  on  the  7th  of  August.  On  the 
8th  a  party  under  Lieutenant  Bradley  managed  to  steal 
up  close  enough  to  observe  the  Indians,  and  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  night  Gibbon's  main  force  secured  a  posi- 
tion within  a  mile  or  so  of  their  camp.  Reconnoisance 
proved  the  central  Indian  position  to  be  across  a  bend 
on  the  north  fork  of  the  Big  Hole  river  and  that  the 
lodges  numbered  eighty  nine.  Before  daylight  Gib- 
bon's forces  were  very  close  to  the  enemy  and  still 
unobserved.  Dawn  brought  the  attack.  Bradley  was 
killed  at  the  willows  which  lined  the  stream.  Before 
the  Indians  could  get  out  of  their  lodges,  the  whites 
were  across  the  stream  and  upon  them.  A  stubborn 
hand  to  hand  fight  ensued,  Indian  boys  and  squaws 
taking  part  and  fighting  with  desperation.  Eventu- 
ally the  Indians  fell  back  to  the  brush  and  high  points 
commanding  their  camp,  whence  they  poured  a  melt- 
ing fire  upon  the  troops,  busily  engaged  in  destroying 
the  camp.  As  the  Indians  outnumbered  the  whites 
two  to  one  the  latter  were  at  a  disadvantage  as  soon 
as  their  antagonists  recovered  from  their  surprise.  The 
soldiers  were  therefore  compelled  to  withdraw  from 
the  open  to  a  wooded  point  near  the  canyon  by  which 
the  troops  had  effected  their  approach.  In  so  doing 
they  had  a  fierce  fight  with  the  Indians.  Gibbon  ex- 
pected his  howitzer  to  be  brought  to  this  position, 
but  it  was  captured,  one  of  its  six  defenders  being 
killed  and  one  wounded.  White  Bird  was  heard  and 
seen  endeavoring  to  inspire  the  Indians  with  courage 
to  attack  Gibbon's  position.  In  this,  however,  he  failed. 
One  attempt  was  made  to  capture  Gibbon's  supply 
train,  but  it  was  so  valiantly  defended  by  Kirkendall's 
little  squad,  that  the  small  force  of  Indians  sent  against 
it  dared 'not  attack  it  and  a  larger  force  could  not  be 
spared  from  the  main  engagement.  This  surprise 
would  have  been  fraught  with  grave  consequences 
to  the  Indians  had  they  been  led  with  less  consummate 
ability,  but  thanks  to  the  generalship  of  their  com- 


mander, they  were  effectually  rallied  and  inflicted  up- 
on the  attacking  column  a  loss  of  twenty-nine  killed 
and  thirty  or  more  wounded.  During  the  night  the 
Indians  moved  away.  Gibbon  was  in  no  condition  to 
follow,  himself  having  been  wounded  in  the  engage- 
ment and  many  of  his  small  command  disabled.  Look- 
ing-glass, the  Indian  diplomat,  was  killed  at  the  last 
battle  on  Milk  river. 

Howard  remained  near,  Gibbon's  battlefield  during 
the  1 2th  of  August  awaiting  for  the  rest  of  his  force 
to  come  up,  and  on  the  i.3th  again  took  the  pursuit. 
At  his  encampment  that  night,  he  learned  from  two 
excited  messengers  that  eight  citizens  had  been  mur- 
dered by  Joseph  on  Horse  prairie,  and  that  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  fine  horses  had  been  secured  by  the  hos- 
tiles. 

On  the  evening  of  the  I5th,  word  was  sent  that 
the  Indians  had  turned  back  into  Idaho  and  surrounded 
temporary  fortifications  at  a  junction  of  two  cross- 
roads in  Lemhi  valley.  "Push  straight  for  Fort  Lemhi 
and  you  will  have  the  Indians"  was  the  message  of 
Colonel  Shoup,  in  command  of  sixty  Idaho  volunteers. 
Howard  did  decide  to  turn  to  his  right  into  Lemhi 
valley  and  was  making  preparations  for  doing  so  when 
after  midnight,  another  messenger  arrived,  reporting 
that  the  Indians  had  broken  camp,  rushed  past  the 
temporary  fort  doing  it  no  harm  and  gone  eastward, 
so  Howard  pushed  on  as  at  first  intended. 

August  1 7th  found  him  at  Junction  station.  Here 
he  was  met  by  stage  men,  who  persuaded  him  to  aban- 
don his  purpose  of  proceeding  straight  to  what  was 
known  as  Tacher's  Pass,  going  rather  by  the  road  via 
Dry  creek.  Lieutenant  Bacon,  with  forty  picked  men, 
and  Robbins,  with  the  Indian  scouts,  were,  however, 
sent  direct  to  the  coveted  pass  and  Henry  Lake.  On 
the  1 8th  the  camp  of  the  Indians  was  discovered  by 
Buffalo  Horn  about  eighteen  miles  from  Dry  creek 
station  in  Camas  meadows,  and  Howard  was  appraised 
of  the  whereabouts  of  his  wily  foe. 

"How  confident  I  then  felt"!"  says  the  General.  "Ba- 
con and  Robbins  ahead  of  Joseph  and  my  cavalry  only 
eighteen  miles  behind  on  the  direct  trail!  If  it  were 
possible,  I  would  reinforce  Bacon;  but  he  is  seventy 
miles  off!  'He  can  annoy  and  stop  them,  if  he  can- 
not do  more.'  I  exclaim." 

vorable  however.  The  cavalry  horses  were  so  jaded 
and  slow  that  eighteen  miles  was  a  considerable  trip 
for  them  ;  the  Montana  volunteers  were  still  farther  be- 
hind and  the  infantry  at  least  a  day's  march  behind 
them.  But  on  the  night  of  August  igth,  Howard  with 
the  cavalry,  Galloway's  volunteers  and  fifty  infantry 
were  in  camp  together  in  Camas  meadows,  where  Buf- 
falo Horn  had  seen  Joseph's  band  the  day  before.  The 
trail  of  the  hostiles  was  distinctly  visible.  They  were 
supposed  to  be  in  a  camp  some  fifteen  miles  beyond. 
Suddenly  in  the  middle  of  the  night,  the  multitudinous 
noises  of  battle  and  the  wild  Indian  war  whoop  burst 
upon  the  ears  of  the  sleepers. 

Joseph  has  determined  to  double  back  and,  with  a 
few  of  his  men,  distract  the  attention  of  the  soldiers, 
while  some  of  his  skilled  horse  thieves  are  cutting  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


hobbles  on  the  mules  and  making  away  with  these  ani- 
mals. Howard  saw  the  herd  in  full  stampede.  He  sent 
Major  Sanford  after  them  with  the  cavalry  and  soon 
that  officer  sent  word  that  he  had  recovered  between 
fifty  and  seventy-five  head  of  the  lost  stock.  A  second 
messenger  brought  less  pleasing  tidings.  He  informed 
Howard  that  the  Indians  were  returning  in  force  and 
turning  Sanford's  left.  The  remainder  of  the  force 
was  quickly  ordered  to  the  rescue.  It  met  Sanford  re- 
turning and  inquired  for  Norwood,  but  no  one  knew 
definitely  where  that  officer  was.  The  advance  was 
continued  and  eventually  the  missing  cavalry  officer 
and  his  force  were  discovered.  He  had  had  quite  a 
skirmish,  one  which  cost  him  the  loss  of  one  man  killed 
and  six  wounded.  This  surprise  of  Howard  and  the 
capture  of  some  of  his  mules  was  the  theme  of  much 
fun-making  among  eastern  journalists. 

The  march  was  not  resumed  until  the  2ist.  On  the 
22d  some  scouts  joined  the  pursuing  party  from  Fort 
Hall,  also  Captain  Bainbridge  with  more  scouts  and  a 
small  guard  of  soldiers.  The  night  of  the  23d  there 
must  have  been  little  sleeping,  for  the  Bannock  scouts 
had  a  dance  and  council;  then  some  of  their  number 
came  to  Howard  with  a  request  for  permission  to  kill 
three  professedly  friendly  Indians,  claiming  they  were 
traitors,  which  request  was  denied ;  then  to  make  mat- 
ters worse  at  two  o'clock  reveille  was  sounded.  Day- 
light revealed  Tacher's  gap  and  the  Indian  camp  near 
it.  A  rapid  advance  was  made  and  the  gap  soon 
reached  but  the  birds  had  again  flown.  How  discour- 
aged and  disgusted  the  soldiers  must  have  been!  Ba- 
con and  his  party  not  seeing  any  Indians  had  left  Henry 
lake,  in  plain  sight  of  the  pass,  turning  back  and  by  this 
unfortunate  move  coming  out  far  in  the  rear  of  the 
main  column.  Howard's  messengers  to  him  had  failed 
in  duty  and  as  a  consequence  this  splendid  chance  of 
cutting  off  the  retreat  of  the  foe  and  terminating  the 
war  was  lost. 

For  many  weary  miles  the  soldiers  had  striven  to 
overtake  the  Indians  and  now  that  they  were  on  the 
heels  of  the  redskins,  they  must  again  allow  the  latter 
to  get  a  lead  of  several  days.  Howard's  order  to  fol- 
low Fisher's  scouts  on  through  the  pass  was  met  by 
the  protest  of  the  physician,  the  quarter-master,  the 
inspector  and  other  officers.  "We  cannot,  we  cannot, 
general!,"  said  they.  "Come  look  at  your  soldiers; 
look  at  their  clothing,  ragged  already  and  tied  with 
strings;  look  at  their  feet,  some  barefooted  and  the 
most  with  shoes  so  badly  worn  that  in  one  or  two  days 
they  will  bs  gone.  The"  ice  froze  an  inch  in  our  basins 
last  night,  and  we  have  no  overcoats,  nothing  but  thin 
blankets,  now  falling  to  pieces.  You  can  go  no  far- 
ther." 

The  was  no  gainsaying  this  reasoning.  The  com- 
mand was  allowed  to  rest  four  days  on  the  banks  of 
Henry  lake  while  the  commander,  "the  quarter-master, 
and  Lieutenant  Howard  set  out  by  wagon  to  Virginia 
City  for  supplies.  Gushing  and  Norwood  were  di- 
rected to  proceed  to  Fort  Ellis  for  supplies,  joining  the 
main  body  two  hundred  miles  farther  on.  Blankets, 
provisions,  fresh  horses,  everything  needful  were  pro- 
cured ;  the  general  and  those  accompanying  him  re- 


turned and  on  the  27th  of  August,  the  march  was  re- 
sumed under  more  favorable  conditions.  The  famed 
National  Park  was  soon  entered,  and  some  members 
of  the  ill-starred  Geyser  party  encountered,  which, 
while  on  a  pleasure  trip  had  the"  misfortune  to  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  hostile  Indians.  The  first  man  re- 
ported his  comrades  all  dead,  but  two  others,  wounded, 
were  afterward  met.  The  women  were  spared  by  Jos- 
eph and  eventually  rescued. 

In  the  park  Howard  received  news  of  Joseph's 
whereabouts  from  a  man  who  had  been  captured  by 
the  Indians  and  recaptured  by  Fisher's  scouts, 
which  information  saved  the  command  nearly 
one  hundred  miles  of  marching.  About  the 
same  time  evidences  were  discovered  of  Bannack 
treachery.  Ten  of  these  Indians  were  arrested,  dis- 
armed and  held  as  prisoners  until  their  comrades,  by 
bringing  in  the  horses  which  the  Bannocks  were  ac- 
cused of  having  stolen,  earned  the  liberty  of  all  ex- 
cept one,  the  leader,  who  was  sent  under  guard  to 
Fort  Ellis. 

Under  the  guidance  of  the  rescued  prisoner  the 
soldiers  proceeded  to  the  Yellowstone  river  at  Baron- 
et's bridge  and  across  it,  the  scouts  finding  "too  abund- 
ant evidence  of  their  (the  Indian's)  usual  murder  and 
rapine  for  twenty  miles  down  the  river  to  the  Mam- 
moth Falls,  where  a  raiding  party  from  Chief  Joseph 
had  met  and  robbed  some  wagons  and  burned  a  store." 
The  scouts  found  evidences  that  Gilbert's  calvary  had 
been  there,  but  through  want  of  knowledge  as  to  How- 
ard's whereabouts  their  commander  had  swung  off. 
coming  upon  the  trail  of  the  pursuing  party  one  hun- 
dred miles  in  the  rear.  He  tried  to  overtake  Howard, 
but  failed  and  finally  returned  to  Fort  Ellis.  Unfor- 
tunately the  cavalry  of  Gushing,  who  left  the  main 
column,  as  we  have  said,  at  Henry  lake,  had  been  taken 
to  reinforce  Gilbert,  but  with  the  remnant  Gushing 
made  a  race  for  the  valley  of  Clark's  Fork  to  head  off 
Joseph,  when  he  should  come  down  from  the  moun- 
tains. He  failed  to  anticipate  the  swift-footed  chief- 
tain, but  effected  a  junction  with  Howard,  turning 
over  to  that  general  the  supplies  he  had  been  sent  for. 
Arriving  at  the  Soda  Butte  silver  mine,  the  command 
came  upon  about  twenty  armed  miners,  all  of  whom 
were  employed  as  guides.  These  led  the  main  column 
by  a  short  route,  while  the  scouts  on  fresh  horses  fol- 
lowed the  trail  of  the  hostiles,  and  learned  of  the  out- 
rages committed  by  Joseph  in  his  march.  Three  min- 
ers were  robbed  of  everything,  then  killed  in  spite  of 
earnest  begging  for  mercy.  A  fourth,  robbed  and 
dreadfully  wounded,  made  his  escape  to  the  soldiers. 

On  thie  march  from  Soda  Butte  mountains,  Howard 
was  met  by  three  messengers,  who  brought  the  news 
that  General  Sturgis,  with  several  cavalry  companies, 
was  within  fifty  miles  and  was  moving  to  Hat 


offfrc 


:able 


route  to  the  mouth  of  Clark's  fork.  Had  he  only  done 
so  the  war  might  have  been  speedily  terminated,  but 
he  allowed  himself  to  be  deceived,  probably  by  treach- 
erous Crow  Indians,  and  sent  nn  a  wild  goose  chase 


n  apparently 


npen 


1  through 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  narrow  canyon  opening  into  Clark's  valley  again 
saved  the  fortunate  Indians. 

Sturgis  discovered  his  mistake,  returned,  was  re- 
inforced by  Howard  with  a  few  picked  horses  and 
men  and  sent  ahead  in  the  chase.  He'  overtook  the 
enemy  and  had  a  battle  with  them  on  the  heights  be- 
yond the  Yellowstone,  capturing  hundreds  of  ponies. 
A  running  fight  was  kept  up  with  the  retreating  red- 
skins all  the  wav  to  the  Musselshell  river.  Howard, 
however,  despairing  of  Sturgis'  or  his  own  ability  to 
overtake  the  Indians,  who  were  going  night  and  day, 
sent  a  message  by  boat  down  the  Yellowstone,  also 
by  a  horseman,  to  General  Miles  at  Tongue  river,  ask- 
ing that  officer  to  strike  northwestward  to  the  Missouri, 
intercepting  the  hostiles  if  possible. 

Meanwhile  the  forces  with  Howard  concentrated 
on  the  Yellowstone  below  Clark's  fork,  pushed  down 
the  river  to  Baker's  battlefield  and  turned  thence  north- 
ward with  intent  to  rejoin  Sturgis  at  the  Musselshell. 
By  September  2oth  they  were  on  that  river,  and  there 
they  received  a  message  from  General  Miles,  who 
promised  to  move  at  once.  The  march  of  the  pur- 
suers was  continued  with  somewhat  less  haste  than 
theretofore,  the  generals,  Sturgis  and  Howard,  not 
wishing  to  press  the  hostiles  too  hard,  lest  they  should 
not  give  Miles  time  to  come  up  before  them.  This 
continued  until  a  messenger  arrived  stating  that  Miles 
had  crossed  the  Missouri  and  was  in  pursuit,  then  the 
command  quickened  its  march  until  it  reached  Car- 
roll, where  Howard,  leaving  his  main  command  with 
Sturgis,  took  passage  with  an  artillery  battalion,  two 
aides  and  a  few  scouts,  on  a  steamer  for  Cow  Island. 
Disembarking  there,  he  pushed  on  northward  with  an 
escort  of  seventeen  armed  men,  to  the  Bear  Paw  moun- 
tains. On  the  4th  of  October,  after  dark,  the  party 
came  to  a  point  whence  numerous  small  fires  could  be 
seen  and  the  firing  of  musketry  heard.  It  was  the 
Indian  warriors  doing  what  damage  they  could  to  the 
forces  around  them.  Soon  Howard  joined  Miles  and 
learned  of  the  situation  from  him. 

General  Miles  had  made  a  rapid  march  to  the  Mis- 
souri, crossed  that  river,  gone  to  Bear  Paw  mountain, 
making  the  long  journey  without  any  knowledge  of  his 
movements  reaching  the  hostiles,  had  come  upon  Joseph 
in  a  ravine,  had  surprised  him  completely  and  by  a 
bold  charge  had  defeated  him  badly,  capturing  his  herd 
of  ponies.  The  Indians  were  forced  to  take  refuge 
in  the  deep  ravines,  where  they  fortified  and  held  out 
as  long  as  they  could.  On  the  5th  of  October,  the  day 


after  Howard's  arrival,  firing  was  kept  up  by  the 
troops,  with  an  occasional  reply  from  the  enemy,  until 
ii  o'clock,  when  two  of  Howard's  Indian  scouts  were 
sent  into  the  camp  of  the  chief  with  a  flag  of  truce. 
After  some  lively  negotiating  Joseph  finally,  at  2  P.  M., 
agreed  to  surrender.  He  handed  his  rifle  to  General 
Howard,  who  directed  that  it  should  be  given  to  Col- 
onel Miles,  and  the  remainder  of  the  day  was  spent  by 
the  Indians  in  coming  into  camp  with  their  arms. 
White  Bird  slipped  out  through  the  lines  and  escaped 
with  a  considerable  following,  Indians  say  about  forty, 
to  the  British  possessions.  Ollicut,  Joseph's  brother, 
was  killed  in  the  four  days'  battle  with  Miles.  The 
Nez  Perces  were  promised  that  they  should  be  returned 
to  the  reservation  in  Idaho,  but  General  Sheridan,  in 
whose  department  they  were,  directed  that  they  should 
be  sent  to  the  Indian  territory.  Years  afterward  they 
were  brought  back  to  the  west  and  settled  partly  on 
the  Nez  Perces  and  partly  on  the  Colville  reservation. 
The  fame  of  Joseph  became  widespread  on  account 
of  his  military  prowess,  and  no  doubt  the  glory  ac- 
corded him  was  a  potent  factor  in  inciting  the  Bannock 
and  Piute  war  of  the  following  year.  Buffalo  Horn, 
who  had  seen  the  entire  campaign,  became  ambitious  to 
emulate  Joseph's  career,  but  fortunately  for  the  whites 
did  not  possess  the  generalship  with  which  to  do  so. 
Joseph  was  indeed  a  military  leader  of  extraordinary 
ability.  With  less  than  four  hundred  fighting  men 
and  encumbered  with  large  numbers  of  women  and 
children,  he  had  succeeded  in  leading  Howard  a  chase 
that  exhausted  his  mules  and  horses  and  wore  out  his 
men,  reducing  them  to  a  condition  in  which  they  were 
truly  objects  of  commiseration.  How  he  could,  with 
weak  women  and  helpless  children,  keep  ahead  of  sol- 
diers not  thus  encumbered,  and  having  the  support  of 
the  government,  is  a  mystery.  It  shows  how  marvel- 
ous is  the  energy  that  lies  latent  within  the  Indian  race, 
inspiring  the  wish  that  by  some  means  this  force  might 
be  called  into  activity  in  a  nobler  cause  than  contend- 
ing against  manifest  destiny  in  warfare  fraught  with 
horrors  indescribable.  Those  who,  admiring  Joseph's 
admitted  abilities,  claim  that  he  carried  on  his  campaign 
in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  civilized  warfare,  are 
evidently  not  cognizant  of  the  facts,  for  the  number  of 
persons  killed  by  his  forces  outside  of  battle  must 
have  been  nearly  fifty.  In  the  several  engagements 
thirteen  volunteers  were  killed,  according  to  Bancroft's 
account,  and  105  officers  and  men  of  the  regular  army. 
Not  less  than  120  were  wounded. 


CHIEF  JOSEPH. 


ANNEXATION— STATEHOOD— RAILROAD    PROJECTS. 


The  progress  of  our  narative  has  brought  us 
through  the  era  of  Indian  difficulties  and  at  the  same 
time  by  the  romantic  early  epoch  of  north  Idaho  history 
and  quite  well  past  that  secondary  or  transition  period, 
during  which  the  more  stable  industries  were  slowly 
supplanting  the  semi-nomadic  mining  of  the  earlier 
days.  Hereafter  the  germ  of  social  order,  always  ex- 
isting in  the  country,  though  at  times  obscured  under 
a  superficial  overflow  of  sin  and  folly,  is  to  have  full 
opportunity  to  grow  and  develop,  bringing  not  alone 
the  comforts  and  luxuries  of  physical  life,  but  the  re- 
finements of  education,  religion  and  the  fine  arts.  Soon 
must  we  address  ourselves  to  the  individual  counties, 
with  whose  history  our  volume  purposes  to  deal,  but 
before  doing  so  we  must  give  attention  to  two  or 
three  other  matters  of  general  concern. 

Mention  has  already  been  made  of  a  certain  lack  of 
community  of  interest  between  the  residents  of  north- 
ern and  those  of  southern  Idaho.  The  territory  was 
cut  into  two  by  the  Salmon  river  range  of  mountains. 
making  it  impossible  for  the  Panhandle  residents  to 
reach  their  capital  without  a  long  trip  through  Oregon 
and  Washington.  The  folly  of  this  arrangement  soon 
attracted  attention  after  the  removal  of  the  capital  from 
Lewiston,  and  the  press  and  the  people  of  north  Idaho 
as  well  as  those  of  Washington  territory,  began  advo- 
cating the  re-annexation  of  Nez  Perces,  Idaho  and 
Shoshone  counties  to  the  latter  commonwealth,  or  as  an 
alternative  measure,  the  establishment  of  a  new  terri- 
tory out  of  northern  Idaho,  western  Montana  and  east- 
ern Washington.  During  its  session  of  1865-6,  the 
legislature  of  Idaho  passed  the  following  memorial  to 
congress : 

To  THE  HONORABLE,  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTA- 

Your  memorialists,  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  terri- 
tory of  Idaho,  would  most  respectfully  represent  that,  Where- 
divided  by  a  high  mountain  range,  known  as  the  Blue  moun- 
tain, or  Salmon  river  range,  rendering  communication  al- 
most impossible  for  one-half  the  year,  unless  by  a  circuitous 
route,  of  five  or  six  hundred  miles,  passing  through  the 
state  of  Oregon  and  Washington  territory ;  and  that  unless 
mineral  discoveries  are  hereafter  made,  a  tract  of  country 
one  hundred  miles  in  width,  between  the  two,  will  forever 


the  northern  portion  being  identitied  with  those  of  the  upper 
Columbia  and  Missouri  rivers,  and  the  territory  of  Montana; 
while  the  interests  of  the  southern  portion  of  our  territory 
are  identified  with  those  of  the  states  of  Nevada  and  Cali- 


whereas  the  material  interests  of  both  sections  would  be 
advanced  by  dissolving  the  present  territorial  relations  be- 
tween them,  and  by  having  territorial  governments  so  estab- 
lished as  to  unite  all  the  people  within  their  limits  by  com- 
munity of  interest,  thereby  increasing  our  present  rapidly 
growing  population,  and  developing  the  immense  mineral 
and  agricultural  resources  of  both  portions  of  the  territory, 
and  which  your  memorialists  believe  to  be  unsurpassed  west 
of  the  Rocky  mountains ;  Your  memorialists  would  therefore 
most  respectfully  request  of  your  honorable  body  .the  passage 
of  an  act  by  which  all  that  portioji  of  the  territory  of  Utah 
lying  north  of  forty-one  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  of  north 
latitude  be  annexed  to  the  territory  of  Idaho,  and  a  new 
territory  be  established  out  of  the  northern  portion  of  the 
territory  of  Idaho,  the  western  portion  of  the  territory  of 
Montana  and  the  eastern  portion  of  the  territory  of  Wash- 
ington, to  be  called  the  territory  of  Columbia,  with  the  fol- 
lowing boundaries  :  Commencing  in  the  middle  of  the  chan- 
nel of  Snake  river,  where  the  parallel  of  forty-four  de- 

thence  east  on  said  parallel  to  the  western  line  of  the  terri- 
tory of  Montana;  thence  westerly  on  the  summit  of  the 
Wind  River  mountains,  to  a  point  where  the  meridian  of 
thirty-five  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  longitude  west  from 
Washington  crosses  said  summit ;  thence  north,  on  said 
meridian  of  longitude  until  the  same  reaches  the  summit  of 
the  Rocky  mountains ;  thence  northerly  following  the  summit 
of  the  Rocky  mountains  to  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north 
latitude;  thence  west  along  said  parallel  to  the  forty-second 
meridian  oi  longitude  west  from  Washington;  thence  south 
to  the  fortv-sixth  parallel  of  north  latitude;  thence  east  on 
said  parallel  of  latitude  to  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  Snake 
river;  thence  up  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  said  Snake  river 
to  the  place  of  beginning.  And  yoi 


The  movement  for  this  territory  of  Columbia  be- 
came strong  during  1866  and  1867,  meetings  being 
held  and  memorials  adopted  not  alone  in  Lewiston,  but 
in  'Walla  Walla  also,  for  the  latter  town  was  likewise 
dissatisfied  with  the  existing  condition  of  things.  But 
Montana  wished  to  retain  the  Bitter  Root  valley  and 
southern  Idaho  was  fearful  lest  its  burden  of  taxation 
might  become  unbearably  heavy  if  it  lost  any  more  pop- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  exhaustion  of  the  placer  mines.  It  was  found 
impossible  to  carry  the  measure. 

In  1869  Nevada  came  forth  with  a  proposition  to 
annex  to  itself  all  of  Idaho's  territory  south  of  the 
Snake  river  and  between  the  Oregon  boundary  line 
and  an  extension  of  the  eastern  boundary  of  Nevada, 
an  important  mining  section  known  as   the  Owyhee 
country.     To  this  neither  Idaho  nor  congress  would 
agree.     The  Idaho  legislature  memorialized  congr 
again  in    1870  for  a  change  in  territorial  metes  a 
bounds,  "but  none  that  would  leave  the  territory  1 
able  to  maintain  the  burden  of  government,  interfi 
with  the  congressional  ratio  of  representation,  or  de- 
crease the  prospect  of  arriving  at  the  dignity  of  state- 
hood."    These  were  obviously  rather  hard  conditions 
with   which   to   comply.     Meanwhile   the   newspapers 
were  still  advocating  the  formation  of  the  territory  of 
Columbia,  with  boundaries  as  described  in  the  memo- 
rial to  congress  above  quoted. 

Prior  to  the  convening  of  congress  in  December, 
1873,  the  old  project  of  annexing  northern  Idaho  to 
Washington  was  revived  with  great  earnestness.  Meet- 
ings were  held  in  the  territory  directly  affected  ;  resolu- 
tions were  adopted  and  committees  were  appointed  to 
press  the  matter.  On  November  I3th,  the  house  of 
representatives  of  Washington  territory  passed  a 
memorial  praying  congress  for  the  annexation  of  Nez 
Perces,  Shoshone  and  Idaho  counties  to  their  common- 
wealth. Southern  Idaho  supported  the  measure  in 
part  and  the  sentiment  of  the  Panhandle  was  practic- 
ally unanimous  in  its  favor.  Rarely  indeed  is  there 
such  ananimity  in  any'political  matter  of  major  im- 
port. The  Panhandle  counties  undertook  to  do  a  little 
memorializing  on  their  own  account,  sending  to  ccn- 
gress  the  following  self-explanatory  document: 

Idaho,  of  Idaho  territory,  at  a  mass  meeting  held  at  Lewis- 
ton,  October,  30,  1873,  to  properly  represent  the  views  of  the 
people  of  said  counties  on  the  question  of  annextion  to 
Washington  territory,  would  respectfully  represent  to  your 
honorable  body : 

First,  That  the  counties  of  Ncz  Perces,  Shoshone  and  Ida- 
ho, in  Idaho  territory,  embrace  that  part  of  the  present  ter- 
ritory of  Idaho  north  of  the  great  chain  of  the  Salmon  river 
range  of  mountains,  which  extend  nearly  on  a  line  with  the 
45th  parallel  north  latitude,  easterly  from  Snake  river,  through 
the  entire  territory;  th:it  this  range  is  covered  with  snow  to 
a  great  depth  annually  from  the"  first  of  December  to  the 
first  (lay  of  June,  thus  rendering  communication  between  the 
two  sections  known  as  north  and  south  Idaho  almost  impos- 
sible during  said  period,  save  by  a  circuitous  route  of  five  or 

one  hundred  milvs  .if  tin-  rim;itons  route  lies  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Washington,  and  about  two  hundred  of  it  lies  in 
the  state  of  Oregon. 

Second,  That  along  in  the  vicinity  of  this  high  range  of 

hundred  miles'  in  width,   so  elevated  and  so  destitute  of  °in- 

Third,  That  the  entire  white  population  of  our  territory 
is  about  twenty  thousand  souls. 


Fourth,    That  said  counties  of  Nez  Perces.  Shoshone  and 

of  the  territory,  which  is  organized  into  well  regulated,  in- 
dustrious,  thriving  and  established  communities,   engaged  in 

Fifth,  That  the  interests  of  the  people  of  the  two  sec- 
tions, north  and  south  Idaho,  are  diverse  in  almost  every 
particular,  those  of  the  former  being  allied  to  those  of  Wash- 
ington territory  and  the  valley  of  the  main  Columbia  river, 
while  those  of  the  latter  are  in  identity  with  those  of  the 
states  of  Nevada  and  California  and  the  territory  of  Utah. 

Seventh,  That  the  boundary  between  north  Idaho  and 
Washington  territory  is  for  the  most  part  wholly  imaginary 
and  artificial 

Eighth,  That  there  exists  now  no  social  or  commercial 
bond  between  the  people  of  north  Idaho  and  those  of  south 
Idaho,  nor  can  there  become  such  with  the  existing  im- 
passable natural  barrier  between  them 

Ninth    That  both  commercially  and  socially  the  bond  of 


n  betw 


n  the  p 


f  Walla  Walla,  Whit 


aster 


and 


:vens   counties,    is    as   complete   as   identity   of   social    and 

'Tenth  Th^'the5  ^e°f  ^"idal  °f  *  P6°ple' 
convenienced  by  their  present  territorial  government  rela- 
tions with  south  Idaho;  that  their  want  of  interest  in  com- 
mon with  the  body  politic  of  which  they  now  form  a  part 
tends  greatly  to  retard  the  development  of  their  natural  re- 
sources, as  well  as  retard  their  increase  of  population  and 
general  prosperity. 

Eleventh,  That  to  maintain  their  political  relations  with 
south  Idaho  imposes  upon  the  people  of  north  Idaho  a 
serious  burden  of  annual  expenditure,  such  that  a  large  class 
of  the  people  are  compelled  to  forego  the  attempt  to  secure 
their  proper  legal  political  rights,  obtainable  only  at  the  capi- 
tal of  the  territory. 

Twelfth,  That  the  commercial  and  social  intercourse  of 
the  people  of  the  said  Nez  Perces,  Shoshone  and  Idaho  coun- 
ties is  now  mainly  with  Walla  Walla  county,  Washington 
territory,  and  the  counties  west  of  Walla  Walla  along  the 
Columbia  river,  and  the  roads  and  other  channels  of  corn- 
access,— all  the  business  of  north  Idaho  is  done  by  and 
through  these  channels,  no  one  of  which  leads  to  or  near 
south  Idaho. 

Thirteenth.  That  the  union  of  north  Idaho  and  Wash- 
ington territory  will  hasten  the  period  when  said  Washing- 
ton territory  will  possess  the  requisites  for  admission  into 
the  Union,  clothed  in  the  habiliments  of  one  of  the  sovereign- 
ties of  the  Republic. 

Fourteenth,  That  the  commercial  men  of  the  country, 
who  have  inaugurated  and  have  now  in  process  of  construc- 
tion the  great  northern  trans-continental  railway,  have  sig- 
nificantly pointed  to  the  proper  union  of  north  Idaho  and 

ot    said    Washington    territory,    and    that    no   par 

way  or  its  western  branch. 

Wherefore,  your  memorialists  pray  that,  at  the  coming 
session  of  your  honorable  body,  all  that  part  of  Idaho  ter- 
ritory lying  north  of  the  forty-fifth  parallel  be  annexed  to 
Washington  territory  as  organized  with  her  present  bound- 
•ies,  and  your  memorialists  will  ever  pray. 

Done  at  Lewiston.  Idaho  territory,  this  22d  day  of  No- 
•mber,  A.  D.  1873. 

M.  A.  KELLY,  ALONZO  LELAND, 
TOH.V   CLARK    JASPER  RAND 
L.    P.    BROWN,    B.    F.    MORRIS, 
J.    H.   EVANS,   R.   L.   YANTIS. 

Committee. 


south 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


73 


The  question  was  up  before  congress  again  in  1875 
and  yet  again  in  1877.  The  petitions  in  the  latter  year 
were"  filed  by  Delegate  Fenn.  They  differed  from  for- 
mer documents  in  describing  the  territory  to  be  trans- 
ferred as  Nez  Perces  county  and  all  the  teritory  at- 
tached to  it  for  judicial  purposes,  rather  than  desig- 
nating the  southern  boundary  by  a  fixed  parallel.  Or- 
ange Jacobs,  delegate  from  Washington  territory,  was 
pledged  to  the  support  of  the  measure.  The  sentiment 
of  southern  Idaho  was  probably  correctly  expressed 
by  the  following  language  in  the  Boise  Statesman : 

"Any  proposition,  coming  from  whatever  quarter, 
which  looks  to  the  dismemberment  of  the  territory, 
will  always  be  opposed  by  the  people  of  Idaho  taken  as 
a  whole,  even  if  what  might  be  considered  as  compen- 
sating advantages  are  offered  in  return." 

In  1878  the  governor  of  Washington  territory  is- 
sued a  proclamation  for  a  convention  of  delegates  at 
Walla  Walla  on  June  i  ith  for  the  purpose  of  framing 
a  constitution,  preparatory  to  statehood.  The  plan  was 


Perces  county,  485  votes  for  and  13  against;  Idaho 
county,  221  votes  for  and  14  against ;  Shoshone  county, 
36  for  and  i  against. 

From  this  time  forth  the  memorials  to  congress 
took  a  different  tone.  Instead  of  asking  for  immediate 
segregation  from  Idaho  and  annexation  to  the  territory 
of  Washington,  they  asked  that  they  should  be  ad- 
mitted as  a  part  of  the  state,  when  that  commonwealth 
was  clothed  in  the  habiliments  of  statehood.  The  vote 
on  the  question  in  1880  was  more  nearly  unanimous 
than  ever  before,  but  two  ballots  being  cast  against 
the  proposition  in  Nez  Perces  county,  and  not  one  in 
Shoshone.  So  determined  were  the  people  of  the  Pan- 
handle in  this  matter  that  they  freely  cast  aside  for  the 
time  being  their  political  affiliations,  when  these  were 
in  conflict  with  their  great  project,  and  supported  an- 
nexationists  regardless  of  party.  It  was  thought  that 
congress  could  not  turn  a  deaf  ear  to  the  plain  voice  of 
the  people,  expressed  so  unequivocally  in  their  memo- 
rials, conventions  and  elections,  but  the  ways  of  poli- 
'  5  for  their 


expected  the  constitution  would  some  day  be  in  force, 
the  then  territory  of  Washington  and  the  Panhandle 
of  Idaho.  Accordingly  an  invitation  was  extended  to 
Nez  Perces,  Idaho  and  Shoshone  counties  to  send  a 
delegate  to  the  convention,  who,  however,  was  to  be 
denied  the  privilege  of  a  vote,  though  he  might  freely 
participate  in  all  debates.  For  the  purpose  of  electing 
this  delegate  a  general  convention  was  called  at  Lew- 
iston,  April  Qth,  on  which  date  sixty  delegates  and 
proxies  were  present  at  the  court  house.  They  adopted 
certain  resolutions,  framed  by  J.  W.  Poe,  Ezra  Baird  and 
M.  Storm,  the  purport  of  which  was  that  the  conven- 
tion concurred  gladly  in  the  aims  and  purposes  of  the 
Walla  Walla  convention ;  that  they  would  send  a  dele- 
gate in  whose  intelligence,  honesty,  energy  and  ability 
to  fairly  and  truly  represent  them  they  had  unbounded 
•confidence,  and  that  the  delegate  would  be  fully  justi- 
fied in  representing  to  the  convention  that  more  than 
nineteen-twentieths  of  all  the  people  of  Nez  Perces, 
Idaho  and  Shoshone  counties  were  earnestly  in  favor 
of  uniting  their  political  fortunes  with  the  people  of 
Washington  territory. 

The  choice  of  the  Lewistpn  convention  was  Alonzo 
Leland.  He  experienced  some  difficulty  in  gaining  a 
seat  in  the  Walla  Walla  convention  as  the  delegates 
from  western  Washington  were  opposed  to  him,  and 
not  much  in  favor  of  the  annexation  movement,  for 
they  feared  annexation  would  transfer  the  balance  of 
political  power  from  the  western  to  the  eastern  side  of 
the  Cascade  range.  But  Mr.  Leland  secured  his  right 
to  a  voice.  He  not  only  represented  north  Idaho  with 
great  ability,  but  by  the  wisdom  of  his  counsels,  added 
much  to  the  excellence  of  the  constitution  of  1878, 
which  is  admittedly  an  able  state  papier. 

In  the  November  election,  northern  Idaho  voted  on 
the  question  of  adopting  the  Washington  constitution. 
The  vote  was  lighter  than  that  for  candidates,  chiefly 
on  account  of  misunderstandings,  but  those  who  ex- 
pressed themselves  were  almost  unanimous  in  its  sup- 
port. The  official  figures  were  as  follows:  Nez 


sometimes  hard  to  discover.  Petition  after  petition  was 
slighted,  and  now  that  north  Idaho  had  united  its  for- 
tunes with  Washington  in  its  efforts  for  admission  to 
the  Union,  there  was  an  additional  cause  for  procras- 
tination in  the  settlement  of  the  annexation  question. 
Then  there  was  besides  the  open  opposition  of  southern 
Idaho,  whose  representatives  claimed  that  the  proposed 
change  would  despoil,  disintegrate  and  tend  to  Mor- 
monize  Idaho;  occasion  a  readjustment  of  territorial 
districts,  disarrange  the  courts,  legislature  and  other 
internal  machinery;  make  unequal  division  of  terri- 
tory ;  be  unjust  to  the  citizens  of  south  Idaho  and  un- 
safe at  present  and  finally  that  Washington  would  be 
too  large  and  unstately.  The  bill  for  the  admission  of 
Washington  with  north  Idaho  was,  however,  reported 
favorably  by  the  house  committee  in  1882,  but  though 
it  elicited  a  vigorous  debate,  no  definite  and  final  action 
was  taken. 

In  the  teritorial  legislative  session  of  1884-5,  an 
annexation  memorial  to  congress  passed  the  Idaho 
council  by  a  vote  of  nine  to  three  and  the  house  by  a 
vote  of  twenty  to  four.  In  January,  1886,  the  move- 
ment was  again  brought  up  in  congress  and  pushed 
with  vigor.  The  bill  as  presented  by  Delegate  Hailey 
provided  that  the  northern  counties  should  not  be  re- 
leased from  their  just  share  of  Idaho's  bonded  indebt- 
edness and  that  the  southern  boundary  of  the  trans- 
ferred territory  should  ''commence  at  a  point  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  main  channel  of  Snake  river  due  west  of  the 
head  waters  of  Rabbit  creek;  thence  due  east  to  the 
head  waters  of  Rabbit  creek ;  thence  down  the  middle 
of  said  Rabbit  creek  to  its  junction  with  the  Salmon 
river:  thence  up  the  middle  of  said  Salmon  river  to 
the  junction  of  Horse  creek;  thence  up  the  middle  of 
said  Horse  creek  to  the  junction  of  the  east  fork  of 
said  creek;  thence  up  the  middle  of  said  east  fork  of 
Horse  creek  to  the  crest  of  the  Bitter  Root  range  of 

The  committee  on  territories  recommended  the  pass- 
age of  the  bill  and  the  house  passed  it  February  24th. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


The  senate,  however,  refused  to  consider  the  measure 
until  that  creating  the  state  of  Washoington  had  been 
put  upon  its  passage. 

Meanwhile  southern  Idaho  was  all  activity  in  its 
opposition  to  the  movement.  So  long  had  agitation 
proved  of  no  avail  that  the  people  south  of  the  Salmon 
river  had  become  somewhat  apathetic,  but  now  that 
they  seemed  in  actual  danger  of  losing  their  territory, 
they  awoke  to  a  realization  of  the  momentous  conse- 
quences to  them  which  must  result  from  its  loss.  Mass 
meetings  were  held ;  protests  were  framed  and  sent  to 
congress,  and  all  the  leading  newspapers  took  up  the 
fight  with  vehemence.  Some  opposition  was  expressed 
by  residents  south  of  the  Salmon  river,  and  two  of  the 
commissioners  of  Idaho  county  protested  against  the 
spoliation  of  the  county's  territory  and  petitioned  that 
if  annexation  carried,  the  county  should  go  as  a  whole. 
Opposition  was  also  brought  forward  by  Montana's 
delegate  in  congress,  who  claimed  that  all  of  Idaho 
north  of  the  forty-seventh  parallel,  including  the  Couer 
d'Alene  mining  district,  of  right  ought  to  be  given  to 
Montana.  A  petition  signed  by  citizens  in  and  con- 
tiguous to  the  town  of  Murray  urged  that  the  Pan- 
handle be  annexed  to  Montana,  for  the  reason  that  that 
commonwealth,  being  a  mining  territory,  could  better 
take  care  of  the  district's  interests  than  could  Wash- 
ington, which  was  not  a  mining  region. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  annexationists  were  not 
idle.  March  igth,  the  citizens  of  Kootenai  county  met 
at  Rathdrum  and  passed  resolutions  strongly  favoring 
the  union  with  Washington  and  urging  the  senate  to 
pass  the  bill.  Resolutions  of  similar  import  were  like- 
wise adopted  by  mass  meetings  at  Mount  Idaho, 
Grangeville  and  elsewhere,  and  indeed  friends  and 
foes  of  the  measure  were  intensely  in  earnest,  both  par- 
ties deeming  success  of  vital  importance. 

On  April  loth,  the  United  States  senate  passed  a 
bill  by  a  vote  of  thirty  to  thirteen  admitting  to  state- 
hood Washington  territory  with  north  Idaho  attached. 
Both  houses  of  congress  had  now  expressed  them- 
selves in  favor  of  annexation,  and  it  needed  but  their 
formal  consent  to  the  same  bill  and  the  signature  of 
the  president  to  enact  the  eagerly  sought  and  bitterly 
fought  law.  But  the  desired  concurrence  was  not  ob- 
tained at  the  1886  session,  and  delay  in  this  instance 
proved  fatal. 

As  the  reader  has  no  doubt  already  perceived 
unanimity  on  the  annexation  question  no  longer  pre- 
vailed in  north  Idaho.  The  discovery  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  mines  had  caused  an  influx  of  Montana  miners 
into  the  country,  who  brought  with  them  a  bias  in  favor 
of  their  own  commonwealth.  These  began  to  advo- 
cate annexation  of  the  Panhandle  to  Montana.  Fur- 
thermore the  desire  to  be  identified  with  Washington 
had  been  fostered  by  the  fact  that  that  territory  was 
striding  forward  at  a  rapid  rate,  owing  to  the  impetus 
given  it  by  the  building  of  the  Northern  Pacific.  Now, 
however,  Idaho  was  itself  enjoying  a  period  of  pros- 
perity, and  its  development  was  encouraging  the  hope 
that  it  might  soon,  if  it  could  escape  dismemberment, 
gain  the  dignity  and  prestige  of  statehood.  But  the 
sentiment  was  still  strong  as  shown  by  the  fact  that  in 


November,  1886,  Kootenai  county  gave  one  hundred 
and  sixty-five  votes  for  union  with  Washington  as 
against  twenty-six  for  annexation  to  Montana  and 
fourteen  for  the  maintenance  of  the  existing  order  of 
things.  Murray  and  Delta  favored  remaining  with 
Idaho,  and  though  Wardner  gave  Montana  over  two 
hundred  votes,  the  rest  of  the  county  more  than  coun- 
teracted them.  Nez  Perces  and  Idaho  counties  were 
still  strong  in  their  advocacy  of  union  with  Washing- 
ton, but  the  case  in  1887  certainly  seemed  less  hopeful 
than  it  had  previously.  Nevertheless,  on  March  2d, 
the  senate  took  up  and  passed  the  annexation  bill  which 
we  have  referred  to  as  having  been  passed  by  the  house 
of  representatives  at  its  previous  session,  and  all  that 
was  now  needful  was  the  signature  of  the  president. 
The  people  of  north  Idaho  felt  sure  that  this  would  not 
be  withheld,  as  Cleveland  was  thought  to  be  favorably 
disposed  toward  the  measure,  so  the  friends  of  an- 
nexation, those  who  had  labored  so  zealously  for  it 
during  so  many  years,  gave  themselves  up  to  unstinted 
rejoicing.  But  the  jubilation  was  premature,  for, 
though  Delegate  Hailey,  Oregon's  representation,  Ne- 
vado's  delegate,  Washington's  delegate,  and  others  im- 
portuned Cleveland  for  his  signature,  Governor  Stev- 
enson, of  Idaho,  seemed  to  have  more  weight  with  him 
than  their  united  importunities,  and  the  bill  was 
"pocket  vetoed." 

The  annexation  movement  was  now  on  the  wane,, 
though  its  friends  were  still  legion  and  much  enthusi- 
asm in  its  favor  was  later  manifested.  Petitions  and 
counter  petitions  were  signed  and  forwarded  to  con- 
gress. Southern  Idaho  feared  that  if  the  northern 
counties  were  cut  off  the  southern  portion  would  be 
unable  to  support  a  government  of  any  kind  and  would 
be  attached  to  Nevada.  Delegate  Dubois  therefore 
fought  with  vehemence  against  the  measure,  as  if  the 
life  of  his  territory  depended  on  its  defeat.  Delegate 
Voorhees,  of  Washington,  aided  by  his  illustrious  fa- 
ther, also  Oregon's  and  Nevada's  senators,  were  in  the 
fight  in  behalf  of  the  project.  In  north  Idaho  senti- 
ment was  divided,  the  mining  region  opposing  annexa- 
tion. Both  the  political  conventions  in  Nez  Perces 
county  passed  resolutions  favoring  the  union  of  the 
northern  counties  with  Washington,  and  repudiating 
the  acts  of  Delegate  Dubois,  the  Republicans  criticising 
him  in  scathing  language.  On  October  15th  the  an- 
nexationists of  north  Idaho  held  at  Cove,  Latah  coun- 
ty, what  was  said  to  be  one  of  the  largest  mass  meet- 
ings that  ever  convened  in  this  entire  section.  H.  E. 
Hall  presided.  Letters  were  read  from  persons  in  the 
southern  portion  of  the  state  recognizing  the  justice  of 
the  north's  position.  Judge  Norman  Buck  accepted 
the  invitation  of  this  mass  meeting  to  become  an  in- 
dependent annexation  candidate  for  delegate  to  con- 
gress, and  though  his  candidacy  was  announced  but  a 


f  days  before  the  election,  he  received  a  very  coi 
'       '    Ve  Salmc 


iderable  vote  in  the  counties  north  of  the  ; 
rivr,  now  increased  to  five  in  number  by  the  organiza- 
tion of  Latah  county. 

But  the  annexation  movement  was  somewhat  em- 
barrassed in  December,  1888,  by  the  introduction  into 
the  house  of  representatives  of  a  very  popular  bill,  that 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


for  the  admission  of  Idaho,  including  the  northern 
section,  to  statehood.  This  placed  the  people  of  north 
Idaho  in  the  dilemma  of  giving  up  their  annexation 
scheme  or  opposing  what  under  ordinary  circumstances 
they  would  very  much  desire,  the  admission  of.  their 
territory  to  the  "Union.  There  were  also  other  forces 
in  the  northwest  generally  which  were  militating 
against  the  annexation  movement.  The  Republican 
victories  of  November  assured  the  admission  of  Mon- 
tana, Washington  and  the  Dakotas  at  the  next  session 
of  congress,  and  it  was  believed  that  Idaho,  if  united, 
would  be  admitted  also.  The  political  power  which 
Idaho's  two  senators  and  congressman  would  give  to 
the  northwest  was  very  much  to  be  desired.  If  north 
Idaho  should  be  segregated  the  southern  portion  could 
not  maintain  a  state  government  and  the  whole  north- 
•west  would  be  so  much  the  loser.  Furthermore,  the 
Mormon  question  and  Nevada's  ambition  for  more 
territory  would  probably  result  in  the  swallowing  up 
of  southern  Idaho  and  the  permanent  loss  of  a  western 
state.  These  considerations  induced  Senator  Mitchell 
of  Oregon,  hitherto  an  ardent  annexationist,  to  publicly 
renounce  his  former  position  and  to  remove  his  stand- 
ards to  the  opposition  camp. 

The  Idaho  legislature  did  much  also  to  mollify  the 
people  of  the  north  by  granting  them  many  liberal  con- 
cessions, principal  among  which  were  the  state  uni- 
versity and  a  large  appropriation  for  a  wagon  road 
from  Camas  prairie  to  Warm  Springs,  via  Florence, 
uniting  more  closely  the  two  sections  of  the  territory. 
These  concessions  seem  to  have  had  the  desired  effect, 
for  on  the  22d  of  January,  1889,  a  significant  event 
transpired.  This  was  four  days  after  the  passage  in 
the  federal  house  of  representatives  of  the  Omnibus 
bill,  providing  for  the  admission  to  the  Union  of  North 
and  South  Dakota,  Montana  and  Washington,  the  last 
without  the  counties  of  north  Idaho.  The  date  re- 
ferred to  witnessed  a  meeting  in  Grostein  &  Binnard's 
hall,  Lewiston,  for  the  purpose  of  exchanging  views 
upon  the  subject  of  ways  and  means  of  securing  state- 
hood for  Idaho.  Hon.  James  W.  Poe  was  made  chair- 
man of  the  meeting,  and  a  committee  on  resolutions 
was  appointed  which  in  due  time  reported  the  follow- 
ing for  adoption  as  the  sense  of  the  assembly: 

"Whereas  the  territory  of  Idaho  is  possessed  of 
sufficient  area,  resources,  intelligence  and  population 
to  maintain  a  state  government  and  to  authorize  and 
require  its  admission  into  the  Union,  therefore  be  it 

"Resolved,  That  we  insist  upon  and  respectfully 
demand  of  congress  admission  as  a  state  into  the  fed- 
eral Union. 

"Resolved,  That  we  endorse  the  efforts  of  our  dele- 
gate in  congress,  Hon.  Fred  T.  Dubois,  Senator  J.  H. 
Mitchell  and  Hon.  William  H.  Springer  to  secure  state- 
hood for  Idaho,  and  to  this  end  we  earnestly  petition 
that  congress  pass  an  enabling  act  at  its  present 

"Resolved,  That  we  call  upon  our  territorial  legis- 
lature, and  our  sister  towns  and  counties  in  Idaho,  to 
unite  with  us,  by  resolution  and  memorial,  in  urging 
upon  congress  immediate  action  in  the  premises." 

The  debate  on  the  resolutions   waxed  warm  and 


finally  ended  in  a  division  of  the  assembly,  those  op- 
posing statehood  on  account  of  their  wish  for  annexa- 
tion adjourning  to  Grostein  &  Binnard's  new  hall. 
The  number  in  attendance  before  the  split  was  perhaps 
125,  and  of  these  all  but  fifty  withdrew.  By  those 
remaining  the  resolutions  were  adopted  as  a  matter  of 

The  opposition  meeting  likewise  expressed  itself 
most  emphatically  by  resolutions,  but  no  language  it 
might  use  could  be  strong  enough  to  counteract  the 
effect  of  the  original  meeting.  An  anti-annexation 
assembly  had  convened  in  the  city  that  had  always 

nexation  movement.  The  announcement  of  this  fact 
was  hailed  with  delight  by  the  people  of  south  Idaho 
as  indicating  that  the  north  had  receded  far  from  the 
position  it  had  held  with  such  singular  unanimity  for 
so  many  years.  1'his  action  meant  not  only  that  the 
danger  "of  a  loss  of  territory  was  past,  but  that  the 
commonwealth  could  hope  for  assistance  from  its  every 
quarter  in  the  effort  to  secure  entrance  into  the  federal 
sisterhood. 

The  Omnibus  bill  passed  the  senate  as  it  had  passed 
the  house,  without  making  provision  for  the  annexa- 
tion of  north  Idaho  to  Washington.  Cleveland  signed 
it  during  the  closing  days  of  his  administration.  Wash- 
ington complied  with  its  conditions  and  achieved  the 
boon  of  statehood  and  the  annexation  question  was 
settled  at  last. 

There  was  now  but  one  thing  within  the  territory 
militating  against  a  united  campaign  for  admission,  and 
that  was  the  Mormon  question.  Of  a  population  of 
113,777,  according  to  Governor  Shoup's  estimate, 
twenty-five  thousand  were  Mormons.  To  the  crushing 
out  of  the  objectionable  features  in  their  religion  the 
territory  had  set  its  face  like  flint  from  the  earliest 
times.  The  legislature  of  1884-5  passed  a  registry 
law  requiring  voters  to  take  the  following  rigid  oath : 

"I  do  solemnly  swear,  (or  affirm)  that  I  am  a  male 
citizen  of  the  United  States  of  the  age  of  twenty-one 

(21)  years,  (or  will  be  the day  of  —  , 

18 — ,  (naming  date  of  next  succeeding  election),  that 
I  have  (or  will  have)  actually  resided  in  this  territory 
for  four  (4)  months,  and  in  this  county  for  thirty  (30) 
days  next  preceding  the  day  of  the  next  ensuing  elec- 
tion ;  ( in  case  of  any  election  requiring  a  different  time 
of  residence,  so  make  it)  that  I  have  never  been  con- 
victed of  treason,  felony  or  bribery;  that  I  am  not 
now  registered,  or  entitled  to  vote,  at  any  other  place 
in  this  territory ;  and  I  do  further  swear  that  I  am  not 
a  bigamist  or  polygamist ;  that  I  am  not  a  member  of 
any  order,  organization  or  association  which  teaches, 
advises,  counsels  or  encourages  its  members,  devotees 
or  any  other  person  to  commit  the  crime  of  bigamy  or 
polygamy,  or  any  other  crime  defined  by  lavir,  as  a  duty 
arising  or  resulting  from  membership  in  such  order, 
organization  or  association,  or  which  practices  bigamy 
or  polygamy,  or  plural  or  celestial  marriage,  as  a  doc- 
trinal rite  of  such  organization ;  that  I  do  not,  and  will 
not.  publicly  or  privately,  or  in  any  manner  whatever, 
teach,  advise,  counsel  or  encourage  any  person  to  com- 
mit the  crime  of  bigamy  or  polygamy,  or  any  other 


76 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


crime  defined  by  law,  either  as  a  religious  duty  or 
otherwise;  that  I  do  regard  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  laws  thereof,  and  of  this  terri- 
tory, as  interpreted  by  the  courts,  as  the  supreme  law 
of  the  land,  the  teachings  of  any  order,  organization  or 
association  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding;  (when 
made  before  a  judge  of  election,  add  'and  I  have  not 
previously  voted  at  this  election')  so  help  me  God." 

Much"  depended  upon  whether  this  "test  oath''  or 
one  similar  to  it  could  be  maintained  in  the  courts. 
Pursuant  to  a  proclamation  issued  April  2,  1889,  by 
Governor  E.  A.  Stevenson  and  supplemented  May 
nth  by  his  successor,  Governor  George  L.  Shoup,  a 
convention  of  seventy-two  delegates  met  in  session  at 
Boise  on  July  4th  for  the  purpose  of  framing  a  state 
constitution.  Upon  the  instrument  framed  by  them  it 
is  needless  to  comment  here,  further  than  to  state  that 
one  of  its  clauses  forever  prohibited  bigamy  and  po- 
lygamy. The  Mormons  claimed  that  this  provision 
and  the  test  oath  were  both  in  violation  of  the  United 
States  constitution  which,  by  its  first  amendment,  pro- 
hibits the  passage  of  any  law  "respecting  the  establish- 
ment of  religion  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  there- 
of." As  it  was  a  matter  of  great  importance  to  determ- 
ine whether  the  distinctive  provision  of  the  constitution 
of  Idaho  would  be  maintained  in  the  courts  or  not,  a 
Mormon  voter  was  arrested  on  a  charge  of  conspiracy. 
The  case  was  taken  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States,  which  held :  "that  the  term  'religion'  has  refer- 
ence to  one's  views  of  his  relations  to  his  Creator  and 
to  the  obligations  they  impose  and  reverence  for  His 
being  and  character,  and  of  obedience  to  His  will. 
It  is  often  confounded  with  the  cultus  or  form  of 
worship  of  a  particular  sect,  but  is  distinguished  from 
the  latter.  The  first  amendment  to  the  constitution, 
in  declaring  that  'congress  shall  make  no  law  respect- 
ing the  establishment  of  religion  or  prohibit  the  free 
exercise  thereof,'  was  intended  to  allow  everyone  un- 
der the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  to  entertain 
such  notions  respecting  his  relations  to  his  Maker  and 
the  duties  they  impose  as  may  be  approved  by  his 
judgment  and  conscience,  and  to  exhibit  his  sentiments 
in  such  form  of  worship  as  he  may  think  proper  not 
injurious  to  the  equal  rights  of  others,  and  to  prohibit 
legislation  for  the  support  of  any  religious  tenets  or 
the  modes  of  worship  of  any  religious  sect.  It  was 
never  intended  or  supposed  that  the  amendment  could 
be  invoked  as  a  protection  against  legislation  for  the 
punishment  of  acts  inimical  to  the  peace,  good  order 
and  morals  of  society.  However  free  the  exercise  of 
religion  may  be,  it  must  be  subordinate  to  the  criminal 
laws  of  the  country  passed  with  reference  to  actions  re- 
garded by  general  consent  as  properly  the  subjects  of 
punitive  legislation.  Probably  never  before  in  the 
history  of  this  country  has  it  been  seriously  contended 
that  the  whole  punitive  power  of  the  government,  for 
acts  recognized  by  the  general  consent  of  the  Christian 
world  in  modern  times  as  proper  matters  for  prohibi- 
tory legislation,  must  be  suspended  in  order  that  the 
tenets  of  a  religious  sect  encouraging  crime  may  be  car- 
ried out  without  hindrance." 

This  decision  removed-  the  last  internal  stumbling 


block  in  the  way  of  Idaho's  admission  to  the  Union. 
However,  there  were  difficulties  to  be  overcome  in 
congress.  Delegate  Dubois's  bill  was  vigorously  op- 
posed by  the  Democrats,  who  refused  to  support  meas- 
ures for  the  admission  of  Idaho  or  Wyoming  unless 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico  were  also  admitted  so  as  to 
keep  political  powers  more  nearly  balanced.  When 
the  admission  bill  came  before  the  house  of  representa- 
tives April  3,  1890,  the  Democrats  abstained  from 
voting  or  answering  to  the  roll  call  and  raised  the  point 
of  no  quorum.  Speaker  Reed  refused  to  sustain  them  ; 
the  vote  was  taken  and  resulted  in  the  passage  of  the 
bill  with  but  one  dissenting  voice.  The  act  passed 
the  senate  on  July  ist,  was  signed  by  the  president 
July  3d  and  Idaho,  her  people  having  adopted  at  the 
November  election  the  constitution  signed  at  Boise 
August  7th,  was  ready  to  enter  forthwith  upon  her1 
career  as  a  sovereign  state. 

Though  it  is  not  expedient  or  consistent  with  the 
plan  of  this  work  that  a  detailed  account  of  all  railway 
projects  to  be  incorporated,  yet  a  faithful  portraiture  of 
the  life  and  commercial  activity  of  north  Idaho's  popu- 
lation is  not  possible  without  reference  to  a  few  of  the 
efforts  which 'have  been  made  to  solve  the  transporta- 
tion problem.  While  the  Pacific  Northwest  was  in 
the  hands  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  it  was  con- 
tended by  the  members  and  employees  of  that  corpora- 
tion that  even  a  wagon  road  over  the  Rocky  mountains 
was  an  impossibility.  It  fell  to  the  lot  of  an  American 
missionary.  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman,  to  disprove  this 
assertion.  That  was  in  1843.  Less  than  a  decade 
later  men  of  prominence  in  the  west  and  railroad  build- 
ers in  the  east  began  asking  themselves  whether  the 
construction  of  a  Pacific  railroad  might  not  prove  feasi- 
ble. Soon  after  the  title  to  Oregon  territory  was  set- 
tled between  the  United  States  and  the  British  crown, 
in  1846,  all  exploring  parties  under  the  direction  of  the 
government  were  charged  with  the  task  of  taking  in- 
cidental observations  and  securing  data  which  might 
help  settle  this  question  of  feasibility.  In  time  the 
conviction  that  a  road  was  possible  became  fixed;  in- 
deed the  question  became  rather  which  of  several  routes 
was  the  most  practicable. 

Before  the  end  of  the  'fifties  Governor  Isaac  I. 
Stevens,  of  Washington  territory,  advanced  the  theory 
that  at  least  three  transcontinental  railways  would 
ultimately  prove  necessary,  in  the  same  report  advocat- 
ing that  the  northern  route  was  the  one  which  should 
first  be  utilized.  During  the  'sixties  active  work  in  the 
construction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  was  be- 
gun, and  by  the  dawn  of  the  'seventies  it  was  so  far 
along  that  the  west  generally  was  feeling  the  benign 
effects  of  the  anticipated  railway  connections. 

The  question  most  intimately  affecting  north  Idaho 
was  "where  will  the  line  cross  the  territory  ?"  There 
appeared  to  be  three  routes  open  to  the  company,  each 
of  which  had  its  special  advantages,  one  through  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  pass,  thence  via  Lake  Pend  Oreille; 
one  through  the  Bitter  Roots,  by  the  Lolo  pass,  down 
the  Clearwater  and  Snake  rivers  and  by  the  Columbia 
to  the  sea :  and  one  down  Salmon  river.  A  survey  of 
this  last  was  completed  by  Colonel  DeLacy  in  the  fall 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


77 


of  1872.  Several  advantages  were  presented  by  it, 
among  them  that  it  was  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles 
shorter  than  via  Pend  Oreille  lake ;  that  it '  would 
always  be  below  the  snow  line;  that  it  would  render 
possible  a  dry  and  permanent  road  bed ;  that  its  grade 
would  be  less  and  more  uniform  than  any  other ;  that  it 
would  be  more  nearly  in  the  latitude  of  Bozeman  pass ; 
that  it  would  draw  some  support  from  sources  that 
would  otherwise  send  their  trade  to  the  Union  and 
Central  Pacific  or  The  Dalles  and  Salt  Lake  road,;  that 
it  would  open  a  promising  mineral  country.  On  the 
other  hand  a  road  following  this  course  would  take 
longer  to  construct  than  one  on  the  more  northerly 
route ;  its  cost  per  mile  would  be  much  greater  and  for 
two  hundred  miles  of  the  distance  it  woul  pass 
through  land  of  slight  agricultural  value. 

The  Pend  Oreille  route  was  objectionable,  or 
supposed  to  be,  on  account  of  the  low  marshy  ground 
over  which  the  road  must  of  necessity  pass  and  on  ac- 
count of  its  length.  The  Lolo  and  Clearwater  route 
was  admittedly  the  best,  provided  the  pass  was  prac- 
ticable, a  question  which  nothing  but  a  survey  could 
definitely  answer.  Several  engineer  corps  were  kept 
busy  during  the  year  1872  endeavoring  to  solve  the 
route  problem,  but  before  the  company  had  made  a 
decision  the  panic  of  1873  came,  effectually  putting  an 
end  to  all  railway  construction  for  the  time  being. 
Northern  Pacific  stock  fell  until  it  was  regarded  as 
next  to  worthless,  and  the  road  went  into  the  hands  of 
a  receiver.  Gradually,  however,  the  company  recov- 
ered itself,  and  by  1878  it  was  able  to  resume  the  work 
of  constructing  a  road  to  the  coast. 

The  failure  of  the  Northern  Pacific  to  build  west 
in  the  early  'seventies  had  a  very  depressing  effect  upon 
the  Northwest  generally,  and  various  were  the  reasons 
advanced  for  this  failure  by  the  discouraged  and  dis- 
heartened settlers.  All  sorts  of  evil  motives  were 
ascribed  to  the  corporation,  but  the  more  intelligent, 
those  who  studied  the  financial  situation  and  compre- 
hended the  magnitude  of  the  work  to  be  accomplished, 
were  disposed  to  view  the  matter  in  a  kindlier  light  and 
to  consider  the  company  not  responsible  for  the  incon- 
veniences incident  to  the  delay.  Congress  dealt  patient- 
ly and  generously  with  the  corporation  throughout  its 
trials,  passing  in  1878  a  bill  renewing  the  land  grants, 
which  had  expired  by  limitation.  By  the  provisions 
of  this  act  the  company  was  to  commence  the  con- 
struction of  the  road  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  Snake 
river  within  nine  months  from  the  passage  of  the  act 
and  twenty-five  miles  were  to  be  constructed  eastward- 
ly  within  one  year  thereafter  and  forty  miles  each 
succeeding  year,  and,  including  the  extension  west- 
ward, one  hundred  miles  per  annum  were  to  be  con- 
structed somewhere  on  the  line,  after  the  first  year; 
a  line  was  to  be  built  around  the  dalles  of  the  Columbia 
within  two  and  one  half  years  and  around  the  Cas- 
cades within  two  years ;  and  the  company  was  to  take 
all  freights  from  above  or  below  without  discrimi- 
nation in  rates,  giving  an  equal  chance  to  all  freighters. 
In  case  it  failed  to  construct  a  road  around  these 
barriers  within  the  time  limit,  the  company  was"  to 
forfeit  its  grant  down  the  Columbia  from  Umatilla. 


Subsequently  the  law  was  changed  so  as  to  allow  the 
Northern  Pacific  to  build  north  to  the  sound. 

With  the  rejuvenation  of  the  Northern  Pacific  in 
1878  the  people  of  north  Idaho  again  became  hopeful, 
believing  that  at  last  the  darkness  surrounding  them 
was  about  to  be  disseminated  and  that  the  sun  which 
would  pierce  the  gloom  and  again  brighten  the  land  was 
the  Northern  Pacific.  They  also  had  hopes  that  the  line 
would  cross  the  Bitter  Root  range  and  come  down 
the  Clearwater,  through  Lewiston,  thence  along  the 
Snake  river  to  its  mouth.  The  Lewiston  Teller  was 
the  exponent  of  the  opinion  that  this  was  a  feasible 
route  and  through  its  columns  its  public-spirited  and 
indefatigable  editor,  Alonzo  Leland,  renewed  the  agi- 
tation of  the  railway  question.  Mr.  Leland  was  not 
alone  in  favoring  a  proposition  to  extend  to  the 
Northern  Pacific  an  earnest  petition  to  again  explore 
the  Bitter  Roots  with  a  view  to  utilizing  if  possible  the 
Clearwater  route.  This  request  was  formerly  presented 
in  1879  by  the  people  of  Lewiston  and  vicinity,  and 
despite  the  fact  that  the  company  had  made  several 
unsuccessful  explorations  in  search  of  a  feasible  route, 
the  wishes  of  the  people  were  complied  with,  the 
company  detailing  H.  M.  McCartney  to  make  the  sur- 
veys from  the  western  slope.  The  expenses  of  this 
expedition  were  paid  by  several  prominent  citizens  of 
Lewiston,  chief  among  whom  was  John  P.  Vollmer, 
who  furnished  three-fourths  of  the  sum  necessary. 
The  exploring  party,  accompanied  by  guides,  spent 
several  weeks  in  the  mountains  making  observations. 
The  perseverance  and  public  spirit  of  the  men  who 
placed  the  expedition  in  the  field  were  partially  re- 
warded for  McCartney  found  that  the  construction  of 
a  line  through  the  Lolo  pass  was  not  an  impractic- 
ability, though  it  would  require  much  more  time  than 
was  possible  to  give  it  under  the  time  limit  placed  upon 
the  company  by  congress  for  the  completion  of  the 
line.  This  was  the  substance  of  his  report  and  very 
naturally  the  company  announced  that  under  these  cir- 
cumstances it  would  have  to  abandon  the  Clearwater 
route.  It  therefore  immediately  commenced  the  final 
survey  of  the  route  from  the  mouth  of  Snake  river 
northward  through  the  Pend  Oreille  pass,  J.  P.  Voll- 
mer, of  Lewiston,  receiving  the  contract  for  furnish- 
ing the  survey  stakes. 

But  the  people  of  Lewiston  and  many  other  points 
in  north  Idaho  had  not  been  convinced  of  the  imprac- 
ticability of  building  a  railroad  across  the  Bitter  Root 
mountains,  holding  that  McCartney  had  not  found  the 
lowest  pass  in  that  range,  and  the  activity  displayed 
by  the  Oregon  Railroad  &  Navigation  Company  only 
urged  them  the  more  in  their  efforts  to  secure  a  rail- 
road. The  outcome  of  this  feeling  was  the  organi- 
zation, at  Lewiston,  of  the  Idaho,  Clearwater  &  Mon- 
tana Transportation  Company,  composed  of  Alonzo 
Leland,  Jasper  Rand,  I.  N.  Maxwell,  C.  A.  Thatcher, 
C.  C.  Bunnell,  John  Brearley,  A.  McGregor,  L.  P. 
Brown,  B.  F.  Morris,  J.  M.  Crooks,  W.  C.  Pearson, 
Charles  E.  Monteith,  Joseph  Alexander,  Hazen 
Squier,  William  F.  Kettenbach,  Jerry  Dorman  and  S. 
C.  Hale,  all  residents  of  Nez  Perces  and  Idaho  counties. 
The  organizers  of  this  company  freely  admitted  that 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


they  did  not  possess  the  capital  to  carry  out  their  pro- 
jects, the  main  one  of  which  was  the  construction  of 
a  railroad  across  the  Bitter  Roots.  They  announced 
that  their  purpose  was  to  make  several  surveys  and  if 
they  found  a  feasible  route  to  attempt  to  interest  capital 
in  the  enterprise.  And  now  we  come  to  the  most 
interesting  feature  of  the  whole  Clearwater  railway 
question. 

There  seems  to  have  been  a  widespread  impression 
among  the  inhabitants  of  north  Idaho  that  a  very  low 
pass,  whose  existence  was  known  only  to  the  Indians 
and  a  few  fortunate  trappers,  existed  in  the  Bitter 
Root  range.  This  was  called  the  Skakaho  pass  and  ac- 
cording to  the  meagre  information  passessed  regarding 
it,  was  south  of  the  Lolo.  Its  entrance  from  the  Mon- 
tana side  was  impossible  to  distinguish  and  its  entrance 
on  the  western  slope  was  so  hidden  from  man's  view 
that  only  a  minute  examination  could  result  in  its  dis- 
covery. As  the  story  went,  the  location  of  this  pass 
was  a  secret  possessed  by  few  but  through  those  it 
had  been  learned  that  the  pass  was  easily  approached 
from  both  east  and  west  and  was  perfectly  feasible 
for  railroad  purposes.  The  Indians  were  said  to  have 
used  it  as  a  winter  route  through  the  mountains.  All 
agreed  that  nature  had  succeeded  well  in  her  efforts 
to  thoroughly  hide  it  from  the  curious  world. 

To  discover  and  explore  this  mysterious  pass  was 
the  task  the  Idaho,  Clearwater  &  Mantana  Transpor- 
tation Company  proposed  to  itself.  Accordingly  late 
in  the  summer  or  1881,  the  company  sent  an  exploring 
party  under  Alfred  J.  Beall  in  search  of  the  hidden  pass 
and  a  feasible  route  to  and  through  it.  On  September 
22d,  after  an  absence  of  six  weeks,  Beall  returned  with 
the  information  that  he  had  found  the  Skakaho  pass, 
that  it  was  only  4,550  feet  above  the  sea  and  that  the 
gradients  to  it  from  the  west  were  very  easy,  the  maxi- 
mum being  only  48  feet  and  the  minimum  13  feet  to 
the  mile.  Mr.  Beal!  describes  this  route  as  "up  the 
Clearwater  to  the  Selway  fork;  up  the  Selway  fork 
to  Fast  creek ;  up  Fast  creek  to  Loyal  creek,  and  thence 
through  the  canyon."  The  pass  was  taken  possession 
of  in  the  name  of  the  Idaho,  Clearwater  &  Montana 
Transportation  Company.  He  reported  an  excellent 
route  through  the  pass  and  into  Montana. 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  this  report  created  no 
little  excitement  for  if  the  purported  discovery  proved 
genuine  it  would  probably  result  in  the  Northern 
Pacific's  changing  its  route.  That  it  did  receive  the 
serious  notice  of  that  company  is  evidenced  by  the  fact 
that  Major  Truax,  an  O.  R.  &  N.  engineer  but  really 
in  the  employ  of  the  Northern  Pacific  also,  as  at  that 
time  these  two  corporations  were  under  the  same 
control,  was  sent  to  the  Bitter  Root  mountains  to  make 
an  exploration.  The  Beall  report  was  placed  in  his 
hands  and  he  was  urged  to  make  an  examination  of 
the  Skakaho  pass.  Major  Truax  reported  a  total 
failure  to  find  the  Beall  pass,  as  it  now  came  to  be 
named,  after  a  careful  examination  of  the  mountain 
range.  He  also  reported  that  the  Lolo  pass  was  less 
than  5,000  feet  high,  in  opposition  to  the  statements 
of  McCartney  that  it  was  7,500  feet.  Traux  said  that 
there  was  a  practicable  railroad  grade  through  the 


pass.  He  found  that  the  maximum  grade  was  less 
than  100  feet  to  the  mile  and  that  the  maximum  grade 
from  the  mouth  of  the  middle  fork  of  the  Clearwater 
to  where  the  road  would  leave  Lolo  creek  was  less 
than  fifty  feet.  To  construct  a  road  over  such  a  route 
would  require  an  enormous  amount  of  work,  however, 
and  much  time,  so  that  he  believed  it  would  be  im- 
practicable for  the  Northern  Pacific  to  utilize  the  route 
then,  as  congress  was  insisting  upon  the  company's 
living  up  to  its  contract  to  push  the  road  to  a  rapid 
completion.  The  richest  and  most  fertile  part  of  north 
Idaho  was,  therefore,  left  as  much  isolated  as  ever 
and  not  until  recent  years  did  the  northern  part  of  the 
state  really  receive  any  great  direct  benefit  from  the 
building  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  The  con- 
troversy over  the  Beall  pass  continued  for  many  years 
after  Truax  made  his  report  and  not  a  few  refused 
to  believe  in  its  non-exi  stance.  John  P.  Vollmer,  an 
official  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company  since 
1879,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  access  to  many 
papers  and  considerable  correspondence  in  the  prepar- 
ation of  this  chapter,  gives  it  as  his  belief  that  the 
Skakaho  pass  does  not  exist  and  that  the  report  of 
Beall  was  not  based  on  work  actually  and  honestly 
performed.  Many  attempts  have  been  made  to  re- 
discover the  famous  pass,  one  by  Mr.  Beall  himself, 
but  so  far  all  have  ended  in  failure.  From  personal 
letters  writted  to  Mr.  Vollmer  by  the  president  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  in  the  early  'eighties,  the  author  is 
convinced  that  the  Northern  Pacific  was  desirous  of 
adopting  the  Clearwater  route  to  the  Columbia  and 
that  if  it  had  been  practicable  to  build  through  the 
Lolo  or  any  other  pass  within  the  time  limit  this  route 
would  have  been  chosen  in  preference  to  the  northern. 

It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  in  recent  years  the 
company  has  built  a  line  up  the  Clearwater  to  Stites, 
encouraging  the  hope  that  some  day,  when  money  may 
be  obtained  at  a  much  lower  rate  of  interest  than  it 
now  commands,  it  will  extend  this  Clearwater  Short 
Line  over  the  Bitter  Roots  to  a  connection  with  its 
main  line  and  down  the  Snake  to  the  Columbia,  giving 
Nez  Perces  and  Idaho  counties  the  benefit  of  direct 
trans-continental  communication. 

Hardly  had  hope  of  relief  from  the  Northern 
Pacific  failed  before  the  residents  of  north  Idaho  were 
encouraged  to  look  in  another  direction  for  aid.  The 
Oregon  Short  Line  was  building  westward  through 
the  southern  part  of  the  territory  at  this  time.  It  de- 
sired very  much  to  reach  the  ocean,  while  the  O.  R. 
&  N.,  building  through  eastern  Oregon  and  over  the 
Blue  mountains,  was  very  desirous  of  getting  into 
southern  Idaho.  The  Burnt  river  canyon  was  the 
only  practicable  route  for  the  O.  R.  &  N.  It  was 
likewise  the  only  route  for  the  Oregon  Short  Line  to 
reach  the  sea,  except  by  Snake  river  canyon  to  the 
mouth  of  that  stream,  thence  down  the  Columbia.  The 
Burnt  river  pass  was  of  such  contour  that  both  rail- 
ways could  not  well  occupy  it ;  and  it  was  not  definitely 
known  that  the  Snake  river  route  was  not  preferable 
anyway.  Early  in  1883  a  survey  was  undertaken  to 
determine  the  feasibility  of  the  latter  course.  Engineer 
Moscript  was  entrusted  to  make  the  survey  in  a 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


southerly  direction,  while  Chief  Engineer  Clark,  start- 
ing at  the  mouth  of  Burnt  river,  should  survey  north- 
ward to  meet  him.  After  completing  their  task  the 
Iwo  parties  came  to  Lewiston,  where  they  reported  that 
the  distance  between  that  town  and  Burnt  river  was 
187  miles,  that  the  maximum  grade  of  any  one  mile 
in  the  survey  was  less  than  twenty  feet,  the  average 
being  not  more  than  six  of  seven,  but  there  were  no 
curves  to  exceed  six  degrees,  and  that  the  surveying 
parties  saw  no  sign  of  snow  slides.  Mr.  Clark  was 
highly  pleased  with  the  route.  He  said  a  road  could 
be  built,  he  estimated  for  one-third  less  than  the  cost 
of  construction  through  Burnt  river  canyon  and  over 
the  Blue  mountains.  An  approximate  location  sur- 
vey was  completed  in  September  of  that  year  confirm- 
ing Clark's  report  and  the  residents  of  Nez  Perces  and 
Idaho  counties  entertained  not  unreasonable  hopes  that 
they  might  have  a  railroad  in  the  near  future. 

But  they  were  doomed  to  disappointment.  Arrange- 
ments were  effected  between  the  O.  R.  &  N.  Company 
and  the  Oregon  Short  Line,  by  which  both  roads  were 
to  build  to  Huntington  and  join  each  other,  dividing 
the  profits  on  an  agreed  basis.  The  fact  that  north 
Idaho  need  not  hope  for  any  immediate  relief  from 
the  (Jregon  Short  Line  was  officially  communicated  in 
July,  1884,  by  a  letter  from' a  Union  Pacific  officer  to 
Alonzo  Leland,  from  which  some  extracts  are  here 
given  as  follows : 

Dear  Sir:  Yours  of  the  2ist  ult.  was  found  here 
on  my  return  from  a  two  weeks'  absence  in  the  east. 
I  can  well  understand  the  interest  your  people  feel  re- 
garding the  extension  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line  down 
Snake  river  and  I  wish  I  could  speak  more  encourag- 
ingly to  you  on  the  subject;  but  the  fact  is  that  the 
present  demoralized  market  for  railroad  securities 
makes  it  impossible  to  raise  money  for  any  extended 
new  constructions,  and  the  attempt  to  do  so  would 
be  simply  suicidal.  Our  company  will  not  engage  in 
any  new  work  at  this  time  but  merely  complete  works 
already  begun  to  redeem  its  obligations  in  that  be- 
half so  far  as  it  is  committed.  The  Oregon  Short  Line 
track  is  at  the  mouth  of  Burnt  river.  As  soon  as  the 
Snake  river  falls  sufficiently  we  will  complete  the 
bridge  at  that  place  and  lay  the  rails  the  remaining 
three  and  a  half  miles  to  Huntington,  completing  our 
part  of  the  work,  which  we  expect  to  accomplish  about 
the  last  of  September." 

The  joint  traffic  agreement  and  the  depressed  con- 
dition of  railway  stocks  obtaining  at  the  time  were 
responsible  for  this  disappointment,  as  the  Union 
Pacific  undoubtedly  intended  to  build  down  the  Snake 
and  Columbia  rivers  to  tidewater. 

In  1886  the  Union  Pacific  R.  R.  Company  was 
again  in  the  field  with  surveyors,  this  time  to  determine 
the  distance  and  grades  to  be  overcome  by  a  railroad 
from  Lewiston  to  some  point  on  the  Utah  Northern, 
also  the  character  of  the  country  tributary  to  such  road. 
The  next  spring  a  corps  of  engineers  from  Omaha 
started  at  the  Lewiston  end  of  the  old  Clark  Snake 
river  survey  and  proceeded  to  run  a  line  down  the 
north  side  of  the  Snake  to  the  Columbia.  Another 
party  in  the  employ  of  the  O.  R.  &  X.  took  the  field 


Little 


.the 


surveys  from  Clearwater.  There  is  little  doubt  but 
that  the  Union  Pacific  really  intended  undertaking 
some  operations  by  which  north  Idaho  would  greatly 
profit,  but  its  energies  were  again  paralyzed  in  the 
fall  of  1887  by  an  agreement  entered  into  in  New 
York  city  between  its  directors  and  those  of  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Company,  whereby  the  northwest  was  di- 
vided between  the  two  corporations,  all  north  of  an 
east  and  west  line  passing  through  the  mouth  of  Snake 
river,  being  given  to  the  Northern  Pacific.  This 
arrangement  effectually  shut  off  during  its  continuance 
Lewiston  and  vicinity  from  hope  centering  in  the  Union 
Pacific,  dashing  to  the  ground  the  expectations  en- 
gendered by  the  numerous  surveys. 

Still  the  Spokane  and  Palouse  branch  was  being 
built  at  this  time  and  but  little  doubt  was  entertained 
that  .it  would  be  extended  to  Lewiston  and  beyond. 
The  O.  R.  &  N.  also  gave  evidence,  by  its  activity 
in  surveying  routes,  of  an  intent  to  build  into  the 
Clearwater  and  Camas  prairie  countries ;  so  the  hopes 
of  our  citizenship  were  continually  receiving  iresh 
inspiration.  But  the  Spokane  and  Palouse  branch 
stopped  at  Genesee;  the  O.  R.  &  N.  came  no  nearer 
than  Moscow;  and  the  people  of  Nez  Perces  and 
Idaho  counties  were  left  to  their  isolation  for  more 
than  a  decade  longer.  The  discovery  of  mineral  wealth 
in  northern  Shoshone  county  had  led  to  the  building 
of  railways  into  that  section,  however. 

Another  railway  enterprise  which  promised  partial 
relief  to  the  southern  portion  of  the  Panhandle,  but 
which  failed  to  bring  it  was  the  Idaho  Transit 
Company,  organized  in  1887  by  J.  P.  Vollmer  and 
others  in  Lewiston  and  Asotin."  This  company  sur- 
veyed a  line  from  Lewiston  to  Camas  prairie,  via' Tam- 
many hollow  and  Lake  Waha,  intending  to  connect 
that  rich  section  by  rail  with  the  boat  lines  on  the 
Snake  river.  Financial  arrangements  were  made 
whereby  the  company  might  build  the  first  twenty 
miles  immediately  and  in  fact,  $50,000  were  spent  in 
grading  the  roadbed  in  Tammany  hollow  and  in  con- 
struction work.  Mr.  Vollmer  tells"  us  that  the  Northern 
Pacific  Company  was  behind  this  movement  from  the 
first.  He  was  the  leader  and  main  stockholder  in 
the  Transit  company  and  he  undertook  the  work  with 
the  understanding  that  the  road,  when  completed,  was 
to  be  sold  to  the  Northern  Pacific.  The  other  stock- 
holders were  not  aware  of  this,  and  of  course  the 
people  generally  were  not.  The  Northern  Pacific's 
idea  in  these  negotiations  was  to  get  the  road  con- 


of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  For  some  reason  the  Northern 
Pacific  changed  its  plan,  bought  the  Tammany  hollow 
road  before  much  work  had  been  done  on  it,  and 
abandoned  the  enterprise  entirely. 

During  the  latter  'eighties  and  the  early  'nineties 
no  little  interest  centered  in  the  projects  of  the  Midland 
Pacific  Railway  Company.  The  organizers  of  this 
corporation  were  Hon.  R.  F.  Pettigrew,  president; 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


William  N.  Coler,  vice-president;  S.  L.  Tate,  second 
vice-president;  J.  A.  Gargiulo,  treasurer;  and  H.  M. 
McDonald,  secretary;  and  its  capital  stock  was  $15,- 
000,000  preferred  and  $65,000,000  common.  Its  pur- 
pose was  to  build  a  road  from  Sioux  Falls  to  the  coast, 
which  road  was  to  find  an  outlet  through  the  Illinois 
Central,  Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  other  lines  to 
the  east.  The  route  outlined  by  the  company  for  its 
own  road  was  through  northern  Wyoming,  skirting 
Yellowstone  park  on  the  south ;  down  the  Salmon  river 
to  White  Bird;  thence  across  through  Camas  prairie 
and  on  to  Lewiston,  thence  to  an  easy  grade  into  the 
Palouse  country,  which  it  was  to  cross  in  a  north- 
westerly direction  going  to  Seattle.  Mr.  Vollmer  tells 
us  that  though  the  fact  is  not  generally  known  a  sur- 
vey of  this  route  was  made  and  plans  were  matured 
for  financing  the  enterprise.  The  crisis  of  1893  and 
subsequent  depression  caused  operations  for  the  time 
being  to  be  suspended,  but  it  is  possible  that  the  scheme 
may  yet  materialize  and  shortly.  Another  survey 
which  excited  little  comment  at  the  time  and  of  which 
few  people  have  any  knowledge,  Mr.  Vollmer  tells 
us,  was  made  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railway 
Company,  also  ambitious  to  reach  the  coast.  This 
survey  likewise  passed  through  parts  of  Idaho  and 
Nez  Perces  counties.  It  is  surely  significant  that  so 
the  s 


and  the  reservation  line  precipitated  hostilities  betwei 
the  rival  corporations. 

It  is  difficult  to  write  of  such  matters  with  histoi 
cal  accuracy,  for  men  who  are  able  to  speak  with 
authority  are  generally  believers  in  the  adage  that 
"Speech  is  silver  but  silence  gold,"  and  the  outside 
world  has  to  do  considerable  guessing  and  reasoning 
from  appearances  in  attempting  to  arrive  at  conclusic 
as  to  what  transpires  in  the  conferences  of  railway 
magnates.  However,  President  Mellen  of  the  Northern 
Pacific,  in  an  interview,  gave  his  side  of  the  case  w 
considerable  freedom.  Among  other  things,  he  said 
that :  "There  are  contracts  which  have  been  in  ex- 
istence since  1880,  signed  by  the  presidents  of  the  two 
companies  and  ratified  by  both  boards  of  directors,  spe- 
cifically assigning  the  Clearwater  and  much  other  ter- 
ritory in  that  region  to  the  Northern  Pacific."  Upon 
these  he  relied  as  a  basis  upon  which  an  agreement  was 
to  be  affected,  amicably  settling  the  differences  be- 
tween the  two  roads.  Portland,  of  course,  favored  the 
O.  R.  &  N.  In  commenting  on  the  situation  the  Ore- 
gonian  said : 

"Perhaps  the  most  important  territory  in  the  Co- 
lumbia basin,  still  unoccupied  by  railways*  is  the  Clear- 
water  valley.  Here  is  a  territory  in  extent  equal  < 

•ly  equal  to  the  Palouse  country, — the  subject  here- 


till  t 


board,  have  looked  toward  the  Snake  river  and  its 
tributaries  as  most  likely  to  furnish  the  route  desired, 
and  there  certainly  is  much  foundation  for  the  hope 
that  this  rich  portion  of  north  Idaho  may  yet  be 
traversed  by  a  trans-continental  line. 

The  chief  sensation  in  Nez  Perces  county  during 
1898,  aside  from  the  war,  was  the  building  of  the  ex- 
tension of  the  Spokane  &  Palouse  branch  of  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad  to  Lewiston  and  the  railroad  war 
which  grew  out  of  this  activity.  Strange  it  seems 
to  those  on  the  outside  that  railway  companies  so  often 
neglect  the  numerous  calls  to  them  for  aid  from  com- 
munities suffering  for  lack  of  transportation  and  con- 
tinue to  turn  a  deaf  ear  to  all  proposals  for  years,  then 
suddenly  become  so  anxious  for  the  advantages  they 
have  before  seemed  to  spurn  that  they  struggle  and 
contend  with  each  other  to  secure  them.  For  thirty 
years  the  Clearwater  country  had  been  agonizing  for 
a  railroad.  Its  cry  was  unanswered.  Then,  when  at 
last  the  Northern  Pacific  determined  to  do  something 
for  it,  the  jealousy  of  the  Oregon  Railway  and  Navi- 
gation Company  is  aroused,  and  a  war  is  the  result. 
In  this  case,  however,  it  is  evident  that  both  corpora- 
tions had  been  fully  .aware  of  the  prize  that  lay  un- 
grasped  before  them,  but  for  one  reason  or  another 
neither  was  before  able  to  make  the  effort  necessary  to 
appropriate  it.  Prior  to  1895  tne  reservation  exerted 
a  deterrent  influence  and  when  that  was  no  more  the 
financial  stringency  was  in  the  way.  But  the  return 
of  good  times  brought  a  renewal  of  activity  in  railway 
circles;  the  Northern  Pacific's  operations  directed  at- 
tention again  to  the  rich  field  yet  unentered  in  north 
Idaho,  and  the  commencement  of  condemnation  pro- 
ceedings against  all  the  Indian  land  owners  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Clearwater  between  Potlatch  creek 


tention.  It  is  a  territory  of  enormous  agricultural 
capabilities  and  may  easily  ship  ten  million  bushels  of 
wheat  a  year.  It  is  also  a  great  stock  country,  for  the 
grazing  lands  in  and  about  it  are  to  prodigious  extent, 
and  it  lies  in  the  vicinity  of  great  timber  and  great  min- 
ing regions.  The  traffic  of  that  country  it  would  not 
be  easy  to  overestimate,  and,  like  that  of  other  locali- 
ties in  the  great  basin  of  the  Columbia,  it  will  coi 
down  to  Portland  by  the  gradients  on  which  the  wa 
flows. 

"It  is  of  the  highest  importance  to  that  country,  to 
the  O.  R.  &  N.  as  a  property,  to  the  city  of  Portland  as 
the  commercial  entrepot  and  shipping  port  of  the  Co- 
lumbia basin,  that  this  territory  be  furnished  with  rail- 
way transportation  through  the  O.  R.  &  N.  system. 
This  will  require  the  construction  of  perhaps  one  hun- 
dred miles  of  road  east  of  Lewiston,  and  with  it  an 
extension  of  the  Snake  river  line  from  Riparia  to  Lew- 
iston, about  seventy  miles.  It  is  all  practicable,  all 

To  succinctly  convey  an  idea  of  the  controversy  be- 
tween the  two  railroads  we  cannot  do  better  than  to 
quote  an  interview  given  in  July,  1899,  by  a  high 
official  of  the  Oregon  Railroad  &  Navigation  Company 
to  the  New  York  correspondent  of  the  Spokesman-Re- 
view. It  reads  as  follows: 

"It  is  difficult  to  appreciate  the  merits  of  the  Clear- 
water  controversy  without  studying  the  map  of  the 
Clearwater  country.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  misap- 
prehension regarding  the  points  of  contention  between 
the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  and  the 

Wallula  to  Riparia  through  the  Palouse  country.  This 
line  is  not  satisfactory,  and  so  the  company  has  pro- 
jected a  line  between  the  points  mentioned  following 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  Snake  river.  The  water  course  gives  easy  grades 
and  a  better  route.  At  Alto  on  the  present  line,  there 
is  a  three  per  cent,  grade,  so  that  practically  all  trains 
from  Spokane  and  the  north  have  to  be  broken  up 
there.  This  will  be  avoided  by  the  new  line.  The  old 
line  will  then  become  merely  a  feeder  for  the  Palouse 
country.  Now  there  is  no  dispute,  as  generally  sup- 
posed, over  this  new  line  along  the  Snake  river,  the 
Northern  Pacific  rather  favoring  its  construction.  This 
line  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  has 
about  completed.  What  the  Northern  Pacific  objects 
to  is  a  continuation  of  this  line,  as  projected,  along  the 
Snake  river  from  Riparia  to  Lewiston,  where  the  Ore- 
gon Navigation  now  operates  a  line  of  steamers.  . 

"The  Northern  Pacific  has  a  line  from  Moscow  to 
Lewiston,  to  which  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation 
Company  has  no  objection,  but  is  building  lines  east 
of  Lewiston  in  the  Nez  Perces  and  Camas  prairie  dis- 
tricts, to  which  the  O.  R.  &  N.  seriously  objects,  be- 
cause the  Northern  Pacific  has  made  no  arrangements 
with  it  for  hauling  traffic  from  this  rich  country. 

"The  O.  R.  &  N.  will  not  only  build  the  surveyed 
line,  from  Riparia  to  Lewiston,  but  will  also  build  east 
of  Lewiston  and  fight  the  Northern  Pacific  in  the  Nez 
Perces  and  Camas  prairie  districts.  It  believes  that 
the  Northern  Pacific  has  not  been  fortunate  in  the  se- 
lection of  its  routes  and  discounts  its  threats  to  subse- 
quently parallel  the  Riparia-Lewiston  line.  One  who 
knows  the  value  of  the  Nez  Perces  and  Camas  prairie 
territory  can  easily  understand  how  the  two  companies 
have  got  into  such  a  dispute  over  it,  for  it  promises 
to  rank  with  the  Walla  Walla  and  Palouse  sections  in 
the  richness  and  abundance  of  its  wheat  fields  and  other 
agricultural  resources. 

"For  the  present  there  can  be  no  open  collision  be- 
cause the  Northern  Pacific  has  its  lines  east  of  Lewis- 
ton  to  complete  and  the  O.  R.  &  N.  has  its  Riparia- 
Lewiston  line  to  bui!d.  When  these  are  constructed, 
unless  by  that  time  a  traffic  arrangement  has  been 
agreed  upon,  the  fight  between  the  two  companies  will 
begin  in  earnest,  and  a  fight  of  no  mean  proportions  it 
will  be. 

"The  O.  R.  &  N.  is  so  situated  geographically  that 
it  cannot  abandon  the  rich  opportunities  offered  by  the 
Clearwater  country.  Its  line  for  the  most  part  runs 
south  of  the  Columbia  river,"  and  it  cannot  get  a  very 
valuable  traffic  from  the  country  north  of  it.  Its  ter- 
minus is  Portland,  where  it  has  large  interests,  and 
Portland's  prosperity  depends  considerably  upon  its 
keeping  open  the  channel  from  the  richest  wheat  fields 
of  the  Pacific  northwest. 

"It  has  offered  the  Northern  Pacific  a  short  route 
via  Connel,  but  the  Northern  Pacific  wants  more  liberal 
considerations  than  the  O.  R.  &  N.  deems  reasonable 
or  than  are  usually  recognized.  The  Northern  Pacific 
now  has  to  take  its  freight  to  near  Spokane  and  down 
again,  and  of  course  if  it  built  right  through  west  of 
Lewiston  to  its  coast  line  it  would  have  as  short  a  route, 
or  even  shorter,  than  the  O.  R.  &  N.  could  offer  it." 

The  controversy  occasioned  much  activity  on  the 
part  of  both  corporations  in  surveying  for  routes  and 
negotiating  for  rights  of  way.  The  Northern  Pacific 


sought  to  bring  its  adversary  to  terms  by  threatening 
not  only  to  parallel  its  proposed  line  up  Snake  river 
to  Lewiston,  but  if  necessary  to  do  likewise  with  the 
road  down  the  Columbia  to  Portland.  The  O.  R.  &  N. 
by  purchasing  as  much  of  the  right  of  way  up  the  north 
side  of  Clearwater  as  it  could  and  instituting  condem- 
nation proceedings  for  yard  and  depot  grounds  on  the 
Silcott  farm,  opposite  Lewiston,  gave  evidence  of  its 
intention  to  push  into  the  Clearwater  country.  Both 
companies  were  active  in  surveying  east  of  Lewiston, 
and  both  were  searching  for  passes  through  the  Bitter 
Roots  and  examining  tnose  already  found.  The 
Northern  Pacific  was  pushing  with  great  energy  its 
construction  work  on  the  Cleawater  Shirt  Line  exten- 
sion, and  it  was  reported  that  in  April,  1899,  the  road 
practically  completed  as  far  as  the  Big  Eddy,  where  a 
a  cut  had  to  be  made.  Work  was  also  being  pushed 
vigorously  on  the  Lapwai  spur,  which  it  was  at  first 
intended  to  extend  into  Camas  prairie, — a  scheme  after- 
ward abandoned  on  account  of  the  high  divide  to  the 
northward  from  Cottonwood. 

In  Portland,  early  in  August,  1899,  a  conference 
took  place  between  President  C.  S.  Mellen,  of  the 
Northern  Pacific,  and  E.  H.  Harriman,  chairman  of 
the  Union  Pacific  board  of  directors,  President  A.  L. 
Mohler  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  being  also  present.  It  was 
understood  that  the  main  question  up  for  consideration 
was  the  Northern  Pacific's  ultimatum  to  the  O.  R.  & 
N.  that  it  should  promise  to  keep  out  of  the  Nez  Perces 
country  and  give  the  Northern  Pacific  full  trackage 
rights  down  the  Columbia  from  Lewiston  to  Portland, 
or  have  its  line  paralleled  down  the  Columbia.  What 
transpired  at  the  conference  was  a  secret;  we  do  not 
know  that  its  results  have  ever  become  fully  known  to 
the  public,  but  it  is  certain  that  some  kind  of  a  truce 
was  arranged  whereby  the  O.  R.  &  N.  suspended  oper- 
ations in  the  Nez  Perces  country. 

In  the  efforts  of  the  press  and  people  to  gain  as 
much  information  as  possible  about  the  railway  situa- 
tion, not  a  little  weight  was  given  to  the  utterances  of 
the  Orgonian,  which  was  known  to  be  in  close  touch 
with  the  O.  R.  &  N.  That  journal  in  an  issue  appearing 
shortly  after  the  conference  used  this  language : 

"There  is  at  present  a  truce,  for  a  given  or  termin- 
able period,  between  the  Union  Pacific  and  Northern 
Pacific,  as  to  territory  in  the  Columbia  basin,  and  con- 
struction on  both  sides  is  for  the  present  suspended. 
But  it  will  be  resumed  within  a  short  time,  either 
through  rivalry  or  through  agreement.  The  road  along 
Snake  river  from  Riparia  to  Lewiston  will  be  built  next 
year,  either  by  the  O.  R.  &  N.  alone,  or  by  combination 
between  the  O.  R.  &  N.  and  the  Northern  Pacific.  The 
railroad  problems  of  the  Northwest  are  simply  in  abey- 
ance for  the  present,  but  the  inaction  will  not  last  long. 
Agreement  is  possible,  in  order  to  avoid  the  duplication 
of  lines ;  and  yet  the  nature  of  the  rivalry  is  such  that 
no  basis  on  which  agreement  may  be  reached  is  ap- 
parent." 

But  subsequent  events  have  gone  to  show  that  if 
not  at  this  conference,  then  at  some  later  one  an  adjust- 
ment of  differences  much  more  favorable  to  the  North- 
ern Pacific  than  the  above  would  indicate  was  agreed 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


averring  th 
about  for  so 


upon.  There  was  doubtless  not  a  little  truth  in  the 
Minneapolis  Journal's  statement  based  on  the  best  in- 
formation then  obtainable  and  published  early  in  1900, 
that  "when  President  Mellen  was  looking 
e  feature  that  would  encourage  an  arbi- 
tration of  the  difficulty  he  sought  E.  H.  Harriman, 
chairman  of  the  Union  Pacific  board  of  directors.  Mr. 
Harriman  never  approved  of  the  policy  of  the  Oregon 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company  that  sought  to  invade 
the  Clearwater  country  and  obtain  territory  by  con- 
quest. In  Mr.  Harriman'^  opinion  the  Oregon  road 
was  going  out  of  its  way  'to  continue  a  quarrel.  But 
the  man  with  the  hoe  was  James  J.  Hill,  and  both  Mel- 
len and  Harriman  knew  this  fact  only  too  well.  As 
soon  as  Hill  was  left  out  of  the  calculation  a  settlement 
was  speedily  brought  about.  It  was  Harriman  who 
proposed  that  the  Oregon  road  abandon  the  Clearwater 


country.  But  he  also  decided 
cific  should  pay  its  competitor 
curred  in  making  surveys  and 


hat  the  Northerr 

or  all  the  expenses  in- 

uying  a 


ight  of 

rifling  sum  of  $50,000, 
Pacific  succeeds  to  the 
igh  the  very 


This  bill  of  exper 
and  by  its  payment  the  Northern 
complete  title  to  a  right  of  way 

of  Camas  prairie,  which  will  become  more  valuable 
every  day.  Thus  did  President  Mellen  make  a  conces- 
sion that  redounds  to  the  everlasting  benefit  of  the 
Northern  Pacific." 

It  has  been  stated  also  that  an  important  factor  in 
effecting  this  truce  between  the  rival  companies  was 
their  common  transportation  enemy,  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &  Quincy.  That  road  was  seeking  a  Pacific 
coast  connection  through  the  Lewiston  valley  and  was 
so  well  fortified  in  its  demands  as  to  be  able  to  force 
from  the  Northern  Pacific  very  valuable  concessions  in 


the  Northwest.  The  C.  B.  &  Q.  had  surveying  parties 
in  north  Idaho  during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1900, 
giving  color  to  the  belief  that  it  would  build  through  to 
the  coast,  most  likely  by  the  Salmon  river  route.  It  is 
understood,  however,  that  this  road  is  now  under  the 
control  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  so  that  that  company 
is  apparently  absolute  master  of  the  situation  in  the 
Clearwater  country  at  present.  Further  activity  in 
railway  construction  in  that  section  has  been  confidently 
looked  for  ever  since  the  completion  of  the  road  to 
Stites  and  is  still  expected.  There  can  be  little  doubt 
but  that  the  Northern  Pacific  Company  will  push  its 
lines  farther  into  that  section  in  the  near  future. 

But  the  first  railway  construction  to  effect  the  sec- 
tion of  which  we  are  treating  will  be  the  Lewiston- 
Riparia  road.  A  dispatch  from  Portland  bearing  date 
of  August  2,  1902,  announced  that  the  contract  for  the 
building  of  this  road  had  been  that  day  awarded  by 
the  O.  R.  &  N.  to  Wren  &  Greenough,  contractors,  the 
agreement  being  that  work  should  begin  at  once  and  be 
completed  by  April  15,  1903,  including  a  steel  bridge 
across  the  Clearwater  at  Lewiston  to  cost  $350,000. 
The  truth  of  the  dispatch  was  vouched  for  a  few  days 
later  by  President  Mohler  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.,  also  by 
President  Mellen  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Company, 
who  also  gave  the  information  that  the  road  would  be 
operated  jointly  by  the  corporations  they  represent. 

Construction  work  was,  however,  delayed  by  a  con- 
troversy between  the  two  interests  over  the  right  of 
way,  also,  it  is  said,  by  the  fear  that  legislation  might 
be  enacted  seriously  affecting  the  capitalization  of  the 
venture,  but  it  is  now  claimed  that  all  these  difficulties 
are  out  of  the  way  and  that  work  will  be  resumed  in 
the  near  future. 


PART  II. 

HISTORY  OF  NEZ  PERCES  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


CURRENT    HISTORY. 


In  previous  chapters  have  been  detailed  the  causes 
which  led  to  the  settlement  of  Nez  Perces  county,  the 
inception  of  that  settlement,  the  founding  of  Lewiston 
and  much  of  the  earliest  history  of  this  important 
political  entity.  Its  creation  by  legislative  enactment 
has  also  been  referred  to  and  its  earliest  boundary 
lines  described.  It  remains  now  to  take  up  the  thread 
of  its  history  and  as  far  as  possible  to  trace  the  various 
events  which  have  transpired  among  its  people,  the 
growth  of  its  wealth  and  industries  and  the  divers 
forces  which  have  contributed  to  its  social  and  in- 
dustrial evolution. 

The  original  boundaries  of  the  county  as  given  it 
by  act  of  the  Washington  legislature  in  December, 
1861,  were  modified  by  the  Idaho  legislature  in  1867, 
which  enacted  that  they  should  be  as  follows :  "Begin- 
ning at  the  middle  channel  of  Snake  river,  opposite 
the  mouth  of  Clearwater  river;  and  thence  due  north 
along  the  west  line  of  Idaho  Territory  to  the  main  di- 
vide between  the  waters  of  the  Palouse  river  and 
Lahtoh  or  Hangeman's  creek ;  thence  easterly  to  the 
westerly  line  of  Shoshone  county;  thence  southerly 
along  said  line  to  the  Clearwater  river ;  thence  up  the 
south  fork  of  Clearwater  river  to  Lolo  creek;  thence 
with  Lolo  creek  in  an  easterly  direction  to  the  sum- 
mit of  the  Bitter  Root  mountains  ;  thence  southerly  along 
the  summit  of  said  mountains  to  the  junction  of 
Salmon  river  and  Bitter  Root  mountains ;  thence  in  a 
westerly  direction  along  the  summit  of  Salmon  river 
and  Clearwater  mountains  to  a  prominent  landmark 
known  as  'Buffalo  Hump' ;  thence  westerly  along  said 
divide  between  the  waters  of  White  Bird  creek  and 
Camas  prairie,  to  a  point  where  the  road  leading  from 
Lewiston  to  Slate  creek  crosses  said  divide :  thence  in 
a  direct  line  to  the  foot  of  Ponto  bar  on  Salmon  river ; 


thence  in  a  direct  line  to  a  point  on  Snake  river 
known  as  Pittsburg  landing ;  thence  down  the  channel 
of  Snake  river  to  the  place  of  beginning."  This  ex- 
tensive area  in  1870  contained  a  white  population  of 
1,588,  which,  however,  increased  during  the  next  de- 
cade to  4,583. 

During  the  late  'sixties  and  early  'seventies .  Nez 
Perces  county  was  sharing  in  that  transition  from 
mining  to  agriculture  and  stockraising  which  we  have 
before  mentioned  in  connection  with  north  Idaho  in 
general  and  this  portion  of  the  inland  empire.  It 
shared  also  in  the  relative  depression  which  visited  the 
country  when  the  golden  days  were  over,  yet  consider- 
ing its  youth  it  had  a  goodly  number  of  wealthy  and 
well-to-do  men  within  its  limits  as  shown  by  the 
Signal's  list  of  persons  paying  taxes  on  property  valued 
at  one  thousand  dollars  or  over  in- 1872,  which  list,  for 
the  sake  of  preserving  as  far  as  possible  the  names  of 
those  who  at  the  time  occupied  positions  of  promi- 
nence in  industrial  circles,  and  were  thechief  wealth 
holders  of  the  county,  we  reproduce  as  follows : 

Levi  Ankeny,  $23,200;  L.  B.  Boise,  $1,500;  John 
Brearley,  $4,100;  Bunker  &  Squier,  $2,850;  J.  J.  Bon- 
ner,  $1,600;  C.  C.  Bunnell,  $5.000:  A.  Benson,  $4,510; 
Crites  &  Curry,  $1,650;  C.  P.  Coburn,  $5,585;  Curry 
&  Holbrook,  $1.375  ',  Cook  &  Shultz,  $1,240;  H.  Crites, 
$1,200;  C.  Cooper,  $2,635:  Cummings  &  Company, 
$2,000;  Grostein  Binnard,  $20,000;  A.  Oilman, 
$1,500;  James  Gage,  $3,160;  Hung  Wan  Chung, 
$2,500;  Hexter  &  Brother,  $9,000;  Harris  &  Story, 
$1,550:  McGregor,  $1,677;  George  Mitchell.  $1.140; 
M.  A.  Kelly,  $8,310;  J.  Karney,  $1.590  ;•  Leland  & 
Rowley,  $1,400;  C.  Le  Francois,  $9.565;  Loewenberg 
Brothers.  $17,400-  Wesley  Mulkey.  $6.555:  R.  J.Mon- 
roe, $4.800:  McElwee,  $1,000;  John  Proctor,  $2,720; 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


J.  Perrault,  $3,640;  Rowley  &  Leach,  $1,550;  H.  W. 
Stainton,  $1,450;  P.  Sholl,  $4,300;  S.  S.  Slater,  $1,666; 
T.  Schenck,  $1,188;  John  Silcott,  $1,490;  A.  W.  Shum- 
way,  $1,080;  Tremble  &  Company,  $1,600;  C.  A. 
Thatcher,  $9,165;  S.  C.  Thompson,  $4,300;  J.  P. 
Vollmer,  $2,542;  S.  W.  Whitfield,  $1,100;  E.  Weis- 
gerber,  $2,150;  C.  Walker,  $1,125 ;  C.  Wintsch,  $3,000 ; 
T.  H.  Worden,  $3,645;  P.  B.  Whitman,  $1,800. 

In  January,  1873,  a  bill  was  introduced  into  the 
Idaho  legislature  cutting  off  a  portion  of  Nez  Perces 
and  adding  it  to  Idaho  county.  Already  Idaho  county 
had  seven  thousand  square  miles  of  territory  or  ap- 
proximately that,  and  it  was  proposed  to  give  it  over 
four  thousand  more,  leaving  to  Nez  Perces  county  only 
fifteen  hundred  square  miles,  exclusive  of  the  Indian 
reservation.  As  the  territory  proposed  to  be  trans- 
ferred contained  several  old  farming  settlements,  four 
prominent  mining  camps,  450  inhabitants  and  about 
$185,000  worth  of  taxable  property,  it  was  but  natural 
that  the  citizens  of  the  county  from  which  the  terri- 
tory was  to  be  taken  should  offer  vigorous  opposition. 
But  the  friends  of  Idaho  county  colluded  with  the 
representatives  from  Lemhi,  Boise  and  Ada  counties, 
giving  them  each  a  small  slice  from  the  eastern  and 
southern  portion  of  its  original  domain.  It  was  a 
shrewd  move  and  so  adroitly  managed  that  Idaho 
county  succeeded  in  securing  the  passage  in  both 
branches  of  the  legislature  of  a  bill  by  which  it  ex- 
changed twelve  hundred  square  miles  of  territory  of 
no  special  value  to  itself  for  about  4,500  square  miles 
from  Nez  Perces  county.  Fortunately,  however,  for 
the  taxpayers  of  the  latter  political  division,  the  bill 
was  vetoed  by  Governor  Bennett. 

among  the  people  of  Nez  Perces  county  during  the  year 
1873.  Hard  times  and  lack  of  a  market  for  products 
were  exerting  their  baneful  influence  upon  the  farming 
communities,  where,  however,  abundant  crops  were 
being  garnered.  To  add  to  the  general  discomfiture, 
the  Indians,  who  afterward  took  the  war  path  under 
Joseph,  were  showing  signs  of  hostility,  going  so  far, 
it  was  said,  as  to  debate  among  themselves,  when  in- 
toxicated, the  chances  of  success  in  committing  depre- 
dations upon  the  whites.  To  their  boldness  not  a  little 
was  contributed  by  the  removal  of  the  mounted  troops 
from  the  garrison  at  Lapwai.  The  newspapers  called 
attention  to  the  danger  and  the  men  of  Lewiston  re- 
sponded by  organizing  on  the  evening  of  March  29th 
a  military  company  of  107  members,  with  Hazen 
Squier  as  captain,  John  M.  Dormer,  first  lieutenant, 
Isaac  Kipp,  second  lieutenant,  George  Young,  orderly 
sergeant,  and  a  full  quota  of  minor  officers. 

The  ensuing  two  or  three  years  brought  little 
amelioration  in  conditions.  The  financial  stringency 
continued  and  the  uncertainty  and  apprehension  incident 
to  the  Indian  difficulties  were  still  exerting  their  de- 
pressing influence,  nevertheless  throughout  this  seem- 
ingly unprogressive  period,  the  foundations  of  future 
development  were  being  laid,  and  the  country  was  get- 
ting ready  for  the  dawn  of  a  brighter  day,  when  the 
incubus  of  doubt  and  dread  should  be  removed. 

Notwithstanding  the  various  discouragements  and 


the  danger  of  an  Indian  outbreak,  which,  strange  to 
say,  did  not  lead  to  adequate  preparation  for  defense 
on  the  part  of  either  the  citizens  or  the  military,  while 
it  had  its  injurious  effect  upon  industry,  the  country 
made  rapid  strides  forward  in  1876,  especially  that  part 
north  of  the  Snake  river,  or  what  is  now  embraced  in 
Latah  county.  A  correspondent  of  the  Oregonian, 
writing  in  the  spring  of  1877,  stated  that  after  an  ex- 
tensive tour  of  eastern  Oregon,  eastern  Washington 
and  north  Idaho,  he  had  found  the  prospects  in  Nez 
Perces  county,  and  in  Whitman  county,  Wyoming 
Territory,  contiguous  to  it,  especially  bright. 
Their  population  was  rapidly  increasing,  and 
they  were  being  encouraged  to  engage  in 
wheat  raising  by  the  fact  that  the  soil  was 
especially  suited  to  that  industry,  and  that  the  Ore- 
gon Steam  Navigation  Company  had  made  a  liberal 
reduction  in  the  charges  for  transporting  the  product. 
The  same  writer  also  refers  to  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
sheep  industry  and  states  that  the  amount  of  flax  seed 
shipped  from  Nez  Perces  and  Whitman  counties  indi- 
cates that  that  product  will  become  one  of  the  sources 
of  wealth  of  that  section.  "It  is  observable  also,"  he 
continues,  "that  among  the  people  settling  there  the 
regard  for  schools,  churches  and  all  facilities  for  gen- 
eral intelligence  and  improvement  is  as  high  as  that 
which  characterizes  the  American  people  everywhere." 
Of  course  the  Indian  war  paralyzed  industry  in 
this  and  Idaho  counties  during  its  continuance,  greatly 
retarding  all  industrial  operations,  also  in  contiguous 
counties  of  the  territory  and  of  Washington.  Farmers 
were  obliged  to  take  their  families  to  places  of  security 
in  the  towns,  and  those  on  the  frontier,  miners  and 


tirely,  remaining  away  during  what  would  otherwise 
have  been  the  busiest  season.  Even  where  there  was 
no  real  danger,  rumors  and  false  reports  kept  the  set- 
tlers continually  on  the  qui  vive,  and  an  occasional 
panic  would  send  them  pell  mell  to  the  nearest  port  of 
safety,  leaving  their  places  to  take  care  of  themselves. 
Unfenced  grain  fields  were  destroyed  and  all  growing 
products  which  required  cultivation  after  seeding  were 
neglected.  The  presence  of  the  troops,  however,  set- 
tled the  market  problem  for  the  time  being. 

The  presence  of  the  troops  had  another  good  effect 
also  in  that  it  gave  the  people  a  feeling  of  confidence 
during  the  Bannock  and  Piute  war  of  1878,  in  eastern 
Oregon.  The  baptism  of  fire  the  citizens  of  north 
Idaho  had  just  passed  through  resulted  in  their  being 
quite  well  supplied  with  arms  and  ammunition;  the 
companies  of  volunteers  formed  during  the  Nez  Perces 
outbreak  were  another  safeguard,  and  these,  together 
with  the  martial  spirit  of  the  people,  were  suffi- 
cient to  check  any  turbulent  spirit  among  the  reserva- 
tion Indians. 

The  effect  of  the  war  is  plainly  shown  in  the  as- 
sessor's census  for  1878,  which  shows  that  out  of  a 
population  of  2,793,  tne  number  of  voters  was  859, 
making  the  ratio  between  total  population  and  voters 
entirely  too  small.  The  women  and  children  had 
moved  to  other  communities  and  others  who  would 
have  settled  in  the  county  were  deterred  from  so  doing,. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


making  the  number  of  adult  males  disproportionately 
large.  Thorn  creek  precinct  had  413  inhabitants  and 
141  voters;  Paradise,  691  and  203;  Palouse  Bridge, 
419  and  142;  Pine  creek,  117  and  37;  Camas  creek,  61 
and  26 ;  Lake,  98  and  45  ;  Lewiston,  994  and  265.  The 
number  of  horses  was  shown  to  be  3,672;  of  cattle, 
3,925 ;  of  mules,  276 ;  of  hogs,  2,785  ;  of  sheep,  14,960. 
The  valuation  of  real  estate  was  $180,138;  of  personal 
property,  $327,504;  the  total  valuation  $507,642,  and 
the  number  of  taxpayers,  577.  The  increase  in  the 
property  valuation  over  that  of  the  preceding  year  was 
nearly  $200,000. 

During  the  winter  of  1879  a  slight  misfortune  be- 
fell the  county,  which  was  described  by  The  Teller 
in  the  following  language : 

"On  Saturday  last  (February  23d)  a  regular 
chinook  visited  us  at  this  place.  One  had  visited  the 
foothills  south  and  west  of  us  a  day  or  two  previously 
and  caused  much  of  the  snow  to  melt  and  run  off 
into  the  gulches  and  valleys.  On  Monday  the  Clear- 
water  was  full  from  bank  to  bank  with  floating  ice, 
and  this  continued,  except  at  intervals,  until  late  on 
Tuesday,  and  even  on  Wednesday  much  ice  went  down 
the  river.  The  Lapwai,  Sweetwater,  Hatwai  and 
Potlach  creeks  were  much  swollen,  also  the  Asotin 
and  Alpowa  creeks  on  the  Washington  side.  Small 
gulches  and  ravines  discharged  vast  quantities  of  water 
and  some  of  them  much  debris  and  small  rocks.  Roads 
were  in  many  places  rendered  entirely  impassable  by 
reason  of  the  road  beds  being  washed  out  in  many 
places.  Small  bridges  were  washed  away.  The  mails 
on  the  different  routes  leading  to  Lewiston  failed  of 
reaching  here  on  time,  save  the  Mount  Idaho,  and  the 
northern  mail  did  not  depart  until  Wednesday  noon 
owing  to  ice  in  the  Clearwater. 

"At  3  o'clock  P.  M.  on  Monday  the  saw  and  grist 
mill  at  the  Lapwai  agency  with  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  wheat  were  undermined  and  swept  away  into 
and  down  the  Clearwater.  Two  men,  Nicholson  and 
Toombs,  being  in  the  mill  at  the  time  it  was  swept 
away,  were  carried  out  into  the  river  and  down  it  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  before  they  could  be  rescued,  and 
their  ultimate  escape  from  death  was  almost  miracu- 
lous. Much  other  damage  was  done  along  the  Lapwai 
creek.  The  Soldier  canyon  road  was  badly  washed  for 
about  two  miles  and  it  will  require  the  labor  of  forty 

before.  The  flume  of  the  Lewiston  ditch  above  Linds- 
ley's  orchard  was  washed  away  and  the  ditch  in  many 
places  filled  with  debris  from"  the  side  gulches.  The 
boom  at  the  saw  mill  was  broken  and  about  100,000 
feet  of  logs  were  carried  away;  also  the  wood  boom 
above  the  mill,  and  about  125  cords  of  wood  were  lost. 
The  stage  which  left  here  for  Walla  Walla  on  Mon- 
day with  mails,  express  and  one  passenger  was  upset 
at  the  third  crossing  of  the  Alpowa.  The  driver  and 
passenger  were  swept  down  the  stream  about  150 
yards  before  they  could  get  out.  The  two  lead  horses 
became  detached  and  got  out  of  the  stream  while  the 
wheel  horses,  stage,  mails  and  express  were  carried 
six  hundred  yards  and  were  rescued  by  the  Indians. 
The  express  box  with  about  $2,000  in  it  drifted  to 


within  twenty  feet  of  the  Snake  river,  where  it  be- 
came lodged  against  some  willows  and  was  found  on 
Tuesday.  The  whole  section  Vvas  damaged  consider- 
ably and  the  loss  will  amount  to  many  thousands  of 
dollars." 

Yet  it  is  certain  that  the  year  1879  was  on  the 
whole  one  of  progress  and  prosperity.  Considerable 
government  money  was  expended  in  improving  the 
Clearwater  and  Snake  rivers,  congesting  temporarily 
in  some  measure  the  local  circulating  medium.  The 
Sheepeater  disturbances  in  Idaho  county  had  been 
quieted  by  the  defeat  and  capture  of  the  hostiles,  per- 
mitting the  vanguard  of  the  homeseeking  army  to  ad- 
vance farther  inland.  The  Lewiston  land  office,  re- 
cently established,  reported  in  June  that  since  March 
ist  preceding,  there  had  been  filed  in  the  district  em- 
bracing all  Idaho  north  of  the  Salmon  River  range 
854  pre-emptions,  437  homesteads  and  306  timber 
claim  entries,  an  aggregate  of  1,597  filings,  each  em- 
bracing a  quarter  section.  Those  already  established 
in  the  business  of  agriculture  and  cattle  raising  were 
meeting  with  splendid  success,  and  the  numbers  of 
those  seeking  to  obtain  homesteads  and  join  their  ranks 
continued  undiminished  —  were  increasing  rather. 

But  the  opening  of  the  year  1880  was  a  somewhat 
unpropitious  one.  The  spring  was  cold,  rainy  and 
disagreeable  in  the  valleys,  while  in  the  hills  and 
mountains  the  snow  lay  deep  until  far  into  the  summer, 
being  over  four  feet  in  depth  on  the  Warren  trail  as 
late  as  the  isth  of  June.  Neither  did  the  middle  life 
of  the  year  bring  any  special  encouragement  to  the 
agriculturist  but  rather  the  opposite,  for  the  kindly 
warmth  of  the  summer  sun  proved  congenial  not  alone 
to  man  and  his  domestic  friends  but  likewise  to  his 
loathsome  and  detested  enemy,  the  grasshopper. 
Thousands  of  these  voracious  winged  pests  visited  the 
country,  harvesting  the  grain  crops  at  an  untimely 
season  and  desolating  flower  gardens,  orchards,  etc. 
Fortunately  the  omnivorous  insects  were  not  as  thor- 
ough in  tlieir  work  of  destruction  as  they  sometimes 
are  and  only  certain  localities  were  visited  by  them. 
But  the  agricultural  development  of  the  country  had 
begun  in  earnest  and  not  the  presence  of  a  temporary 
plague  nor  the  absence  of  speedy  transportation  nor 
the  scarcity  of  money  nor  any  other  obstacle  which  la- 
bor and  patience  could  surmount  was  potent  to  stay 


the  on 


rd  movement.  No  ob 


ug 

the  signs  of  progress  on  every  hand.  In  1879  tne 
Waha  prairie  was  almost  unoccupied,  the  only  indi- 
cation of  its  being  the  dwelling  place  of  man  being  a 
cabin  here  and  there  contiguous  to  or  surrounded  by 
a  small  patch  of  enclosed  land.  Before  1880  had  passed 
into  history  the  old  trails  and  roads  were  rendered  no 
longer  passable  on  account  of  the  fences  of  the  ranch- 
men and  the  traveler  must  perforce  traverse  the  long 
lanes  leading  across  the  valley. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  all  this  development 
was  wrought  in  spite  of  many  trying  conditions. 
While  the  mining  wealth  of  the  country  was  by  no 
means  exhausted,  that  which  could  be  garnered  by  the 
poor  man  had  long  since  found  its  way  into  the  pocket 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  miner  and  thence  into  the  world's  marts  of 
trade.  Capital  is  never. a  pioneer.  However  heroic 
a  man  may  be  he  needs  the  spur  of  necessity  to  force 
him  into  the  loneliness  and  uncertainty  and  danger 
and  privation  to  be  met  in  the  van  of  civilization's 
march.  Without  the  capital  to  develop  them,  the 
deep  lying  wealth  materials  must  remain  unutilized; 
without  cheap  transportation  the  markets  of  the  world 
are  closed  to  the  isolated  community.  Speaking  of 
the  conditions  obtaining  during  the  winter  of  1881  the 
Teller  says: 

"Probably  at  no  time  for  ten  years  past  has  the 
first  of  January  found  the  great  mass  of  the  farmers 
so  destitute  of  money  as  during  the  present  month — 
at  least  such  is  the  burden  of  their  song,  and  there 
are  reasons  for  this.  They  strained  every  nerve  the 
past  season  to  raise  a  good  surplus  of  wheat  and  flax 
in  the  confident  hope  that  they  could  get  it  shipped  to 
a  paying  market  and  get  good  returns  before  January 
arrived.  But  with  few  exceptions,  the  people  of  this 
section  have  not  been  able  to  get  their  wheat  and  flax 
off  to  a  market,  and  while  a  few  have  sold  to  the 
agents  of  buyers  who  were  sent  out  into  the  country 
and  received  a  small  payment  to  bind  the  sales,  yet 
the  great  bulk  of  the  value  of  their  products  has  not 
yet  been  realized.  They  have  grain  in  abundance  but 
no  money.  This  scarcity  is  seriously  felt  by  the  mer- 
chants, mechanics  and  laborers  whom  they  owe.  Pa- 
tience and  forbearance  becomes  necessary  in  such  a 
crisis.  These  producers  will  work  themselves  out 
of  the  dilemma  as  soon  as  they  have  a  fair  show. 
The  Walla  Walla  and  Touchet' valleys  had  a  much 
better  show,  and  money  is  reported  to  be  plentiful 
among  the  farmers  of  those  valleys.  Our  turn  will 
come  after  a  while,  if  we  can  hold  fast  and  not  be  too 
exacting  upon  each  other." 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  seen  that  the  fields 
of  Clearwater  country  did  their  best  for  the  farmer 
during  the  year  1881,  even  if  the  opportunity  to  turn 
their  products  into  cash  was  tardy  in  coming  and  the 
ready  liquidation  of  debts  was  for  that  reason  rendered 
impossible.  The  only  climatic  drawback  to  agricul- 
ture this  year  of  which  we  have  found  record  was  a 
very  heavy  hail  storm,  the  severest  ever  experienced 
in  this  part  of  the  country  up  to  that  time.  It  oc- 
curred on  the  3d  of  June  and  though  its  duration  was 
not  greater  than  ten  minutes,  it  lasted  long  enough 
to  cut  down  fields  of  grain  in  places,  to  destroy  gar- 
dens and  to  kill  scores  of  domestic  animals.  Paradise 
valley,  the  Potlach  creek  country  and  other  farming 
communities  suffered  damage  aggregating  hundreds 
of  dollars,  while  at  Elk  City  a  Chinaman  lost  his  life, 
being  struck  by  a  limb  blown  from  a  tree  under  which 
he  was  seeking  shelter. 

Comparatively  insignificant  though  the  industrial 
activities  of  the'Nez  Perces  Indians  were  yet  in  our 
summary  of  the  year  1881  we  must  give  them  credit 
for  having  added  at  least  slightly  to  the  wealth  pro- 
duction of  the  county.  The  number  of  the  tribe  at 
this  time  seems  to  have  been  2,036,  of  whom  257  were 
farmers.  The  Indian  dwelling  places  consisted  of 
forty-eight  frame  houses,  one  hundred  and  twenty- 


eight  log  houses,  seventy-two  cloth,  eighteen  skin  and 
twelve  bark  lodges.  Four  thousand,  seven  hundred 
and  thirteen  acres  of  their  reserve  were  in  cultivation. 
The  red  men  were  the  possessors  of  12,696  horses, 
870  cows,  ten  oxen,  1,500  other  cattle,  675  swine  and 
1,200  domestic  fowls.  The  sole  product  of  their  man- 
ufacturing skill  consisted  of  about  three  hundred  yards 
of  matting. 

Up  to  this  time  the  legislative  and  judicial  business 
of  Nez  Perces  county  had  been  transacted  in  a  one- 
story  frame  building,  back  of  the  site  which  Alexan- 
der's general  store  now  occupies,  but  the  building  had 
long  been  felt  to  be  inadequate  for  the  purpose  and  in 
January,  1882,  the  county  commissioners  purchased 
the  old  Luna  property  from  Conrad  Wintsch,  design- 
ing to  repair  the  building  and  fit  it  up  to  conserve  the 
purpose  of  a  county  court  house. 

The  annals  of  1882  were  darkened  by  the  com- 
mission on  Camas  creek  of  a  crime  which  for  atrocity 
deserves  rank  with  the  murder  of  Magruder  in  1863. 
The  victims  of  this  dastardly  act  were  three  Chinese 
miners  who  were  delving  for  the  precious  metal  on 
the  creek  at  a  point  about  seventeen  miles  above 
Palouse  bridge.  The  perpetrator  or  perpetrators  of 
the  terrible  crime  burned  the  Chinese  cabin  and  with 
it  two  of  the  bodies.  The  remains  of  the  third  vic- 
tim, who  is  said  to  have  been  a  highly  educated,  intel- 
ligent representative  of  his  race,  were  found  buried 
in  the  snow.  They  were  in  a  state  of  perfect  preser- 
vation, owing  to  the  cold,  which  was  sufficient  to 
freeze  them.  A  bullet  hole  in  the  back,  another  in  the 
left  side  of  the  head  and  a  gash  across  the  throat 
showed  at  once  the  manner  of  the  Mongolian's  taking 
off  and  the  extreme  atrocity  of  his  murderer.  The 
only  incentive  to  the  enactment  of  this  terrible  tragedy 
seems  to  have  been  robbery,  for  the  Chinamen  were 
supposed  to  have  several  hundred  dollars  in  gold  dust 
at  the  time  of  their  demise,  no  trace  of  which  was  dis- 
coverable around  their  burned  and  despoiled  place  of 
abode.  Abe  Galloway,  who  discovered  the  charred  re- 
mains of  the  burned  cabin,  was  given  an  examination 
which  resulted  in  his  being  completely  exonerated 
from  any  complicity  in  the  crime.  Although  Governor 
Neil  on'  behalf  of  the  territory  offered  a  reward  of 
$500  each  for  the  arrest  and  conviction  of  the  guilty 
parties  and  although  a  determined  effort  was  made 
to  solve  the  mystery,  the  murderer  or  murderers  have 
never  been  brought  to  justice. 

During  the  fall  of  1882  and  the  winter  following 
a  determined  effort  was  made  by  the  people  north  of 
the  Clearwater  to  effect  segregation  from  Nez  Perces 
county  and  the  formation  of  a  new  political  division. 
As  is"  usual  in  such  movements  the  leading  agitators 
were  men  who  hoped  to  gain  some  financial  benefit  by 
the  establishment  of  a  new  county  seat.  The  ambi- 
tious town  in  this  instance  was  Moscow,  in  the  rich 
and  prosperous  Paradise  valley.  Petitions  were  cir- 
culated and  numerously  signed,  praying  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  proposed  new  county  and  these  called  forth 
counter  petitions  among  the  south  side  residents,  who 
admitted  that  county  division  at  some  time  was  in- 
evitable, but  considered  this  movement  premature. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Then,  too,  it  was  urged  that  as  soon  as  northern  Idaho 
should  be  attached  to  Washington  a  readjustment  of 
county  lines  would  become  necessary,  therefore  the 
people  desiring  to  be  clothed  with  the  authority  to 
organize  a  separate  local  government  ought  to  await 
incorporation  into  the  territory  of  Washington  before 
pressing  forward  their  schemes.  So  numerous  were 
the  remonstrators  and  so  strong  their  opposition  that 
the  bill  for  the  new  county  could  not  be  carried  in  the 
legislature. 

Disappointed  in  this  project  the  friends  of  the 
movement,  through  Councilman  Taylor,  introduced  a 
bill  providing  for  a  special  election  to  be  held  on  the 
first  Monday  in  June  in  Nez  Perces  county  at  which 
the  advisability  of  relocating  the  county  seat  should 
be  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people.  The  bill  was, 
of  course,  introduced  in  the  interest  of  Moscow.  One 
of  its  provisions  was  that  if  the  electors  decided  to  re- 
move the  county  seat  from  Lewiston,  the  place  selected 
should  deposit  with  the  treasurer  a  sum  sufficient  to 
erect  new  county  buildings  and  pay  all  the  expenses 
of  removing  the  records,  etc.,  to  the  new  seat  of  gov- 
ernment. The  bill  passed  both  houses.  A  lively  cam- 
paign followed,  both  parties  to  the  contest  making  a 
thorough  canvass  and  arguing  the  question  in  all  its 
phases  with  spirit.  The  result  on  election  day  was  in 
favor  of  Lewiston,  that  town  receiving  922  votes 
whereas  its  rival,  Moscow,  received  only  642  votes. 
Lewiston  had  a  majority  in  ten  out  of  the  thirteen 
princincts  of  the  county. 

The  year  1884  seems  to  have  been  a  rather  quiet 
one  in  Nez  Perces  county,  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
being  the  chief  center  of  attraction  in  north  Idaho  at 
that  time.  Autumn,  however,  brought  an  abundant 
yield  of  wheat  not  alone  in  Idaho  but  in  the  cereal  belt 
of  the  neighboring  territory  of  Washington  also.  The 
crop  was  sufficiently  large  to  have  enabled  the  farmers 
to  liquidate  practically  all  their  debts  had  the  prices 
been  good.  The  great  bane  of  pioneer  communities, 
lack  of  adequate  transportation  facilities,  was  militat- 
ing against  these,  however,  and  many  ranchmen  began 
discussing  the  advisability  of  turning  their  farms  into 
stock  ranches. 

During  this  year  General  Miles  testified  his  faith 
in  the  good  intentions  of  the  Nez  Perces  Indians  by  or- 
dering that  thereafter  Fort  Lapwai  be  treated  as  an 
outpost  of  Walla  Walla  and  garrisoned  by  a  lieutenant 
and  only  twelve  men  of  the  second  cavalry.  The  re- 
mainder of  that  company  he  sent  to  Fort  Boise,  mak- 
ing that  a  four  company  post.  The  faith  of  General 
Miles  was  not  shared  by  the  settlers  in  the  vicinity  of 
of  the  reservation,  who  remonstrated  earnestly,  point- 
ing out  that  the  Nez  Perces  were  still  a  strong  tribe 
and  that  there  were  many  among  them  who  could  be 
easily  incited  to  acts  of  hostility.  But  the  subsequent 
good  conduct  of  the  Nez  Perces  has  justified  the  faith 
of  Miles. 

As  illustrating  the  rapidity  with  which  Nez  Perces 
county  was  growing  at  this  period  of  its  history  we 
have  taken  a  few  figures  from  the  tax  roll  summaries, 
according  to  which  the  total  taxable  property,  real  and 
personal,  in  the  year  1882  was  $1,327,516";  in  1883, 


The  year  1885  was  one  of  uninterrupted  tranquil- 
ity  but  1886  brought  a  movement  for  the  formation  of 
a  new  county  with,  no  doubt,  some  of  the  intense  in- 
terest and  bitterness  usually  attending  such  efforts. 
The  proposition  was  to  take  for  the  new  political 
division  the  southern  portion  of  Shoshone  county  and 
that  part  of  the  Nez  Perces  lying  between  the  Lolo 
and  the  south  middle  forks  of  the  Clearwater.  As 
an  alternative  in  case  this  movement  did  not  meet  with 
favor  it  was  suggested  that  the  settlers  in  southern 
Shoshone  might  seek  annexation  to  either  Nez  Perces 
or  Idaho  counties.  The  reason  of  their  discontent  with 
their  existing  political  affinities  was  the  distance  to 
Murray,  their  county  seat.  The  proposal  seems  not  to 
have  been  carried  into  a  definite  effort  before  the  legis- 
lature, but  agitation  for  redress  of  grievances  has  never 
solely  died  out  and  at  this  writing  the  erection  of  a 
new  county  to  embrace  the  inhabitants  of  southern 
Shoshone  is  a  living  issue. 

The  next  few  years  in  Nez  Perces  county  were 
years  of  quiet  and  steady  advancement  along  all  lines, 
very  little  transpiring  which'  has  a  sensational  flavor 
when  reduced  to  narrative.  The  two  questions  most 
deeply  agitating  the  public  mind  during  this  period,  the 
problem  of  securing  railroad  communication  with 
neighboring  states  and  the  world  and  the  annexation 
movement,  have  been '  discussed  at  some  length  in  pre- 
vious chapters.  It  is  needless  to  state  that  crtizens  of 
Nez  Perces  county  were  equally  with  other  citizens  of 
the  territory  of  Idaho  solicitous  for  the  early  admis- 
sion of  their  commonwealth  to  statehood,  taking  their 
full  part  in  the  initiatory  steps  in  that  direction.  This 
also  has  been  treated  in  its  proper  place.  In  the  general 
prosperity  obtaining  throughout  Idaho  during  the  few 
years  preceding  its  admission  to  statehood  Nez  Perces 
county  had  its  full  share.  Crops  were  good,  the  out- 
look in  the  spring  of  1888  being  especially  faorable. 
As  the  Teller  informs  us  reports  of  great  promise  of 
good  and  large  yields  of  grain  came  in  from  every 
section  of  the  Clearwater  country,  from  Lapwai, 
Sweetwater,  Tammanv,  Asotin,  Cainas  Prairie, 
Weipe,  etc. 

Aside  from  the  larger  questions  above  mentioned 
the  one  political  movement  to  agitate  the  general  pub- 
lic was  a  renewed  effort  to  secure  the  removal  of  the 
county  seat  from  Lewiston  to  Moscow.  The  course 
pursued  by  the  friends  of  Paradise  prairie's  ambitious 

namely  the  circulation  of  petitions,  agitation  through 
the  local  press,  etc.  The  friends  of  Lewiston  again 
took  up  the  gauntlet  and  so  effective  was  their  oppo- 
sition that  a  change  of  tactics  by  the  Moscow  people 
became  necessary.  Through  Delegate  Dubois  and 
Senator  Mitchell,  of  Oregon,  they  secured  the  intro- 
duction into  both  houses  of  congress  of  a  bill  creating 
Latah  county  out  of  the  northern  portion  of  Nez  Perces 


The  r 


and 


efforts  of  its  opponents  in  the  southern  part,  becoming 
a  law  May  14,  1888. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  June,  1889,  Miss  Alice  C.  Fletcher  arrived  at 
the  Lapwai  agency  to  take  charge  of  the  work  of 
allotment  of  lands  to  the  Indians  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  the  Severalty  act  of  February  8, 
1887,  which  provided  that  each  head  of  a  family  on 
the  reservation  should  receive  a  quarter  section  of 
land;  each  single  person  over  eighteen,  one-eighth 
section :  each  single  person  under  eighteen  then  living 
or  who  might  be  born  before  the  president's  order 
directing  the  allotment,  one-sixteenth  of  a  section.  Her 
arrival  and  the  inception  of  this  work  was  a  favora- 
ble sign  as  it  proved  the  animus  of  the  government 
to  open  the  reserve  as  soon  as  possible.  The  people 
of  the  surrounding  country  looked  upon  the  movement 
with  much  favor,  hoping  that  the  incubus  upon  prog- 
ress arising  out  of  the  ownership  of  large  tracts  of 
valuable  agricultural  land  by  an  unprogressive  and 
comparatively  degenerate  people  would  soon  be  re- 
moved, but  it  was  full  half  a  decade  before  the  work 
of  opening  the  reserve  was  accomplished. 

With  the  opening  of  the  prosperous  year  1890 
began  a  determined  effort  to  secure  transportation 
facilities  for  the  Clearwater  country.  In  February 
the  citizens  of  Lewiston  held  a  mass  meeting  in  the 
Vollmer  block  at  which  the  railroad  question  was  thor- 
oughly discussed  and  a  committee  appointed  to  formu- 
late a  plan  of  action.  A  meeting  was  also  held  at 
Nelson's  schoolhouse,  at  which  the  citizens  manifested 
their  willingness  to  raise  a  bonus  of  $25,000  in  their 
neighborhood  to  help  bring  a  railroad  to  the  country. 
By  April  a  bonus  of  $50,000  had  been  subscribed, 
which,  with  the  right  of  way  from  Lewiston  to  the 
reservation  line,  a  distance  of  seven  miles,  was  offered 
the  Northern  Pacific  Company  to  extend  their  Spokane 
and  Palouse  branch  to  Lewiston.  Later  the  subsidy 
was  increased  to  $65,000  and  still  later  to  over  $100,- 
ooo.  The  railroad  officials  promised  to  build  the  ex- 
tension during  1890,  and  gave  earnest  of  their  bona 
fide  intentions  by  investing  quite  heavily  in  Lewiston 
real  estate,  but  for  some  reason  the  road  was  not  built 
as  agreed,  so  the  company  lost  this  magnificent  sub- 
sidy and  the  people  the  benefit  of  the  road  for  several 
years  more. 

The  good  year  1892  was  darkened  in  Nez  Perces 
county  during  its  final  month  by  the  enactment  of  a 
tragedy  which  led  to  another,  leaving  a  still  darker 
stain  upon  the  county's  annals.  The  facts  as  we  have 
been  able  to  glean  them  from  the  rather  meager  rec- 
ords at  hand  are  as  follows:  Albert  B.  Roberts,  the 
author  of  the  first  homicide  and  the  victim  of  the  sec- 
ond, had  been  working  for  several  months  in  the 
employ  of  one  John  Sutherland  and  his  brother, 
residence  in  the  vicinity  of  Leland.  When  the 
Sutherlands  discharged  Roberts  they  held  back  five 
dollars  of  his  pay,  alleging  that  he  had  stolen  twenty 
dollars  from  them.  A  quarrel  ensued,  of  course. 
Roberts  went  to  Leland  and  w'hen  John  Sutherland 
visited  that  town  a  few  days  later  the  trouble 
was  renewed.  Roberts  demanded  the  five  dollars 
he  claimed  was  due  him ;  his  late  employer 
refused;  angry  words  followed  which  soon  led 
to  blows.  During  the  melee  Roberts  threw  his 


right  arm  about  Sutherland's  neck  and  while  he  had 
his  adversary  thus  held  in  a  comparatively  helpless 
position,  drew  a  revolver  and  discharged  it  three  times 
into  Sutherland's  abdomen,  killing  him  almost  in- 
stantly. Roberts  was  arrested  and  brought  to  Lewis- 
ton. 

The  sequel  proves  that  the  Clearwater  country  had 
not  yet  progressed  so  far  in  its  development  of  civil 
institutions  and  orderly  society  but  that  there  was  dan- 
ger of  a  temporary  lapse,  when  the  occasion  seemed 
to  warrant  it,  into  the  well  known  practices  of  the 
vigilantes  of  its  early  history.  On  the  2d  of  January, 
1893,  a  masked  mob  visited  the  jail  in  which  Roberts 
was  confined  and  compelled  Deputy  Sheriff  W.  W. 
Wright  to  open  the  doors.  Proceeding  to  the  cell  of 
their  intended  victim,  they  gagged  him  so  that  he 
could  make  no  outcry,  then  took  him  into  the  office 
and  bound  him  securely  hands  and  feet,  meanwhile 
keeping  strict  guard  over  the  deputy  sheriff  and  one 
Timothy  Ryan,  who  happened  to  be  his  bedfellow  on 
this  particular  night.  After  giving  their  companions 
time  to  get  a  safe  distance  away,  the  guard  thrust 
Wright  and  Ryan  into  a  room,  closed  the  door  and 
hastily  retreated  into  the  open.  The  deputy  and  his 

and  fired  several  shots  in  succession  to  alarm  the 
sheriff.  That  officer,  together  with  Sheriff-elect 
Mounce  soon  joined  in  the  chase.  The  mob,  however, 
made  good  their  escape  and  the  identity  of  none  of 
them  was  ever  discovered.  In  due  time  the  body  of 
their  victim  was  found  in  Mulkey's  mill,  still  warm 
but  lifeless. 

The  year  1893  was  an  important  one  in  the  history 
of  Nez  Perces  county,  and  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  the  sun  of  financial  prosperity  throughout  the 
United  States  began  to  be  eclipsed  during  the  twelve- 
month, several  events  transpired  looking  toward  the 
general  progress  of  this  section.  Not  the  least  among 
these  was  the  passage  in  the  Idaho  legislature  of  a 
bill  establishing  a  state  normal  school  at  Lewiston 
and  appropriating  for  its  use  fifty  thousand  acres  of 
the  one  hundred  thousand  given  to  the  state  by  the 
United  States  government  for  the  purpose  of  aiding 
in  the  establishment  of  such  institutions. 

A  matter  of  even  greater  moment  to  the  industrial 
development  of  the  county  was  the  successful  negotia- 
tion of  a  treaty  with  the  Nez  Perces  Indians  whereby 
their  reservation  was  to  be  opened  for  settlement.  In 
December,  1892,  a  commission  appointed  by  the  presi- 
dent, which  commission  consisted  of  Robert  Schleich- 
er  of  Lewiston.  chairman,  Cyrus  Beede,  of  Iowa,  and 
James  Allen,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  convened  at 
Lewiston  with  authority  to  offer  to  the  Indians  for 
their  lands  as  liberal  prices  as  ever  were  offered  to  any 
tribe  by  the  United  States.  For  more  than  two  months 
the  commission  labored  strenuously  to  secure  the  open- 
ing of  the  reserve,  but  they  were  opposed  in  their 
efforts  by  certain  outsiders  who  hoped  to  gain  per- 
sonal benefits  through  maintaining  the  existing  con- 
ditions of  things  and  by  wealthy  Indians  who  wished 
the  ranges  for  the  pasturing  of  their  herds  of  ponies. 
On  February  igth,  the  commission  adjourned  sine 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


89 


die.  They  had  succeeded  in  securing  the  signatures 
to  the  treaty  of  only  118  adult  males,  out  of  a  total 
of  407.  Negotiations  were  resumed  shortly,  however, 
and  in  April  the  commission  authorized  the  statement 
that  enough  signatures  had  been  secured  to  confirm 
the  treaty. 

But  the  work  of  the  commissioners  was  of  no  prac- 
tical avail  until  the  treaty  negotiated  by  them  should 
be  ratified  by  congress.  A  bill  for  that  purpose  was 
introduced  into  the  house  by  Representative  Sweet  in 
June,  1894.  The  measure  was  referred  to  the. com- 
mittee on  Indian  affairs  and  though  it  was  reported 
back  favorably  by  the  majority,  a  minority  report  was 
also  submitted  by  Representative  Holman,  the  "Great 
Objector,"  making  it  uncertain  whether  the  bill  could 
be  reached  that  session.  Senator  Shoup  saved  the  clay 
by  a  shrewd  parliamentary  move.  He  succeeded  in 
tacking  onto  the  general  Indian  appropriation  measure 
an  amendment  providing  for  the  ratification  of  the 
treaty  and  the  appropriation  of  the  necessary  funds. 
Objector  Holman  waged  aggressive  warfare  against 
the  amendment  but  was  unsuccessful  in  defeating  it, 
and  it  was  enacted: 

"That  the  said  agreement  (referring  to  the  treaty) 
be  and  the  same  is  accepted,  ratified  and  confirmed. 

"That  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  the  provisions  of 
this  act  into  effect  there  is  hereby  appropriated  the 
sum  of  $1,668,622,  of  which  amount  the  sum  of 
$1,000,000  shall  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  Nez 
Perces  Indians  of  Idaho  in  the  territory  of  the  United 
States  and  shall  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  five  per 
centum  per  annum.  Said  sum  of  $1,668,622,  to- 
gether with  the  interest  on  said  sum  of  one  million 
dollars  shall  be  paid  to  the  Indians  or  expended  for 
their  benefit,  as  provided  in  articles  two,  three,  four 
and  eight  of  said  agreement,  out  of  which  sum  the 
secretary  of  the  interior  shall  pay  to  the  heirs,  ad- 
ministrators or  legal  representatives  of  William  C. 
Langford,  deceased,  the  sum  of  $20,000,  upon  a  re- 
lease and  relinquishment  to  the  United  States  by  said 
heirs,  administrators  or  legal  representatives  of  all 
right,  titles  and  interest  in  or  claim  either  legal  or 
equitable,  in  and  to  the  tract  of  land  described  in  arti- 
cle two  of  said  agreement  as  therein  provided.  Pro- 
vided that  none  of  the  money  paid  said  Indians,  nor 
any  of  the  interest  thereon,  shall  be  or  become  liable 
to  the  payment  of  any  judgment  or  claim  for  depre- 

before  the  date  of  said  agreement. 

"That  immediately  after  the  issuance  and  receipt 
by  the  Indians  of  trust  patents  for  the  allotted  lands, 
as  provided  for  in  said  agreement,  the  lands  so  ceded, 
sold,  relinquished  and  conveyed  to  the  United  States 
shall  be  opened  to  settlement  by  proclamation  of  the 
president  and  shall  be  subject  to  disposal  only  under 
the  homestead,  townsite,  stone  and  timber  and  min- 
ing laws  of  the  United  States,  excepting  the  sixteenth 
and  thirty-sixth  sections  in  each  congressional  town- 
ship, which  shall  be  reserved  for  common  school  pur- 
poses and  be  subject  to  the  laws  of  Idaho:  Pro- 
vided, That  each  settler  on  said  lands,  shall  before 
making  proof  and  receiving  a  certificate  of  entry,  pay 


to  the  United  States  for  the  lands  so  taken  by  him,  in 
addition  to  the  fees  provided  by  law,  the  sum  of  $3.75 
per  acre  for  agriculture  lands,  half  of  which  shall  be 
paid  within  three  years  from  the  date  of  the  original 
entry ;  and  the  sum  of  $5.00  per  acre  for  stone,  tim- 
ber and  mineral  lands,  subject  to  the  regulations  pre- 
scribed by  existing  laws;  but  the  rights  of  honorably 
discharged  Union  soldiers  and  sailors,  as  defined  and 
described  in  sections  2304  and  2305  of  the  revised 
statutes  of  the  United  States,  shall  not  be  abridged 
except  as  to1  the  sum  to  be  paid  as  aforesaid. 

"That  the  commissioner  of  Indian  affairs  be,  and 
is  hereby,  authorized  to  employ  a  competent  surveyor 
for  a  period  not  exceeding  two  years,  at  a  compensa- 
tion not  exceeding  $1,200  per  'annum  for"  the  pur- 
poses stipulated  in  article  four  of  said  agreement,  and 
he  is  also  authorized  to  purchase  two  portable  saw 
mills,  as  provided  in  article  four. 

"That  the  secretary  of  the  interior  is  hereby 
authorized  to  examine  the  claim  of  those  Indians  who 
served  the  United  States  under  General  O.  O.  Howard 
in  the  late  war  with  Joseph's  band  of  said  tribe,  as 
scouts,  couriers  and  messengers,  referred  to  in  article 
ten  of  said  agreement,  and  also  as  to  the  claim  of 
Abraham  Brooks,  mentioned  in  said  article,  and  re- 
in 1900  an  act  was  passed  amendatory  to  the  bill 
just  quoted  repealing  the  proviso  that  homesteaders 
should  be  required  to  pay  for  their  lands  the  sum  of 
$3-75  Per  acre  and  allowing  all  bona  fide  entrymen 
under  the  homestead  laws  to  obtain  title  upon  pay- 
ment of  only  such  fees  as  were  required  of  all  home- 
steaders. 

It  is  needless  to  state  that  the  opening  of  the 
reservation  was  hailed  with  delight  and  enthusiasm 

gthe  citizens  of  Lewiston  and  Nez  Perces  county. 
>ming,  as  it  did,  at  a  time  when  financial  darkness 
overshadowed  the  land,  the  distribution  of  over  six 
hundred  thousand  dollars  in  cash  among  the  Indians, 
much  of  which  speedily  made  its  way  into  the  hands 
of  the  merchants,  was  an  important  factor  in  keep- 
ing the  wheels  of  industry  oiled.  But  of  vastly  great- 
er moment  to  the  present  and  prospective  develop- 
ment of  the  county  was  the  fact  that  the  power  of  a 
lethargic,  nonproducing  and  conservative  people  to 
hinder  progressive  movements  was  broken  forever, 
and  in  the  room  of  the  shiftless,  nomadic  red  man 
must  soon  come  the  thrifty  homebuilder  to  garner  the 
rich  treasurers  of  the  fertile  reservation  soil.  The 
land  passed  rapidly  into  hands  of  men  whose  interests 
led  them  to  favor  instead  of  retard  the  construction  of 
railroads  and  the  inauguration  of  commercial  enter- 
prises. The  wealth  of  agriculture,  of  pasturage,  of 
timber  and  of  minerals,  in  which  the  reservation  acres 
were  known  to  abound,  would  be  developed  to  the  full- 
est and  brought  forth  to  assist  in  the  upbuilding  of 
commerce,  educational  establishments,  the  arts  and 
refinements  of  civilization  and  in  the  working  out  of 
the  Clearwater  country's  highest  destiny. 

The  effect  of  the  opening  upon  the  Indians  probably 
received  little  attention  from  settlers  in  their  vicinity. 
The  price  paid  them  for  the  lands  was  sufficient  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


keep  them  all  in  luxury  for  the  rest  of  their  days,  and 
if  carefully  conserved  and  bequeathed  to  their  pos- 
terity to  provide  against  want  during  at  least  the  next 
generation  of  time.  That  the  money  will  be  so  hus- 
banded is  doubtful  and  the  destiny  of  the  tribe  when 
their  resources  are  gone  and  they  are  no  longer  the 
wards  of  the  government  is  for  the  anthropologist  to 
foresee  if  he  can  and  for  the  philanthropist  to  help 
determine  as  far  as  he  may  be  able.  Certain  it  is 
that  the  red  man  cannot  always  live  on  the  bounty  of 
the  government  or  the  funds  arising  from  the  sale  of 
his  possessory  rights  in  the  soil  of  his  forefathers. 
The  day  must  come  when  he  must  live  by  his  own 
unaided  efforts  or  perish  and  perhaps  the  present  is  as 
good  a  time  as  any  in  which  to  throw  him  upon  his 
own  resources,  teaching  him  by  bitter  experiences,  if 
need  be,  what  he  will  not  learn  in  any  other  way,, 
that  if  he  would  enjoy  the  fruits  of  industry  he  must 
endure  its  pains  and  sacrifices. 

But  we  must  return  to  our  current  review  of  events 
in  Nez  Perces  county  taking  up  the  thread  where  we 
left  it  in  1893.  The  county  did  not  fail  to  provide  for 
its  proper  representation  at  the  Columbian  exposition 
in  Chicago,  but  while  enroute  the  car  containing  the 
soil,  grass  and  grain  exhibits  of  this  and  several 
other  counties  of  Idaho  was  burned  and  its  contents 
destroyed.  The  fruits,  however,  arrived  safely. 

One  event  causing  a  great  shock  to  the  residents  of 
the  county  transpired  during  the  fall  of  this  year, 
namely,  the  explosion  in  the  steamer  Annie  Faxon, 
of  which  Harry  Baughman  was  captain,  causing  the 
death  of  eight  persons  and  the  wounding  of  nearly 
every  member  of  the  crew.  The  vessel  at  the  time  of 
the  accident  was  making  a  landing  at  a  point  below 
Almota  and  fifty  miles  down  the  river  from  Lewiston. 
So  violent  was  the  explosion  that  the  vessel  was 
practically  blown  to  pieces,  nothing  being  left  above 
the  hull" but  splinters.  The  cause  of  the  accident 
probably  was  that  the  boiler  was  allowed  to  become 
dry. 

In  1895  occurred  what  was  perhaps  the  most  ter- 
rible tragedy  that  has  shadowed  the  fair  name  of  Nez 
Perces  county  since  the  days  of  Plummer's  gang. 
Waha  lake  was  the  scene  and  Sunday,  May  igth,  the 
date.  One  of  the  central  figures  in  the  tragedy  was 
John  Siers,  a  pioneer  of  that  section  and  a  successful 
stockman.  In  the  early  sixties  he  had  entered  into 
partnership  with  Joseph  Shissler ;  fortune  had  smiled 
benignly  on  the  partners  and  by  industry  and  econo- 
my they  became  the  owners  of  a  large  tract  of 
land,  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  Clearwater  country, 
also  of  extensive  herds  of  cattle.  As  time  passed  other 
settlers  were  attracted  to  the  favored  region,  among 
them  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Goddard,  who  settled  on  land  ad- 
joining Siers  and  Shissler's  place,  in  1884.  Naturally 
the  large  stock  interests  of  these  pioneer  cattlemen  in- 
volved them  in  numerous  neighborhood  disputes, 
among  them  one  of  great  bitterness  with  Mrs.  God- 
dard. 

'  The  accidental  death  of  Mr.  Shissler  in  1886  neces- 
sitated division  of  the  estate,  and  Mr.  Siers  took  the 
stock  interests  of  the  firm,  leaving  the  realty  to  the 


Shissler  heirs.  He  then  leased  the  land,  associating 
with  him  in  this  venture  his  former  foreman,  Frank 
Ward,  who  later  became  a  son-in-law  of  Mrs.  God- 
dard. Siers  went  east  and  remained  until  1894,  on 
which  date  he  returned,  dispossessed  Ward  and  took 
possession  of  the  property  himself.  He  took  up  his 
abode  in  the  old  house,  allowing  Mrs.  Goddard,  who 
had  resided  with  her  daughter  and  son-in-law  in  a 
new  house  erected  by  the  latter,  to  remain  in  posses- 
sion of  the  same.  About  the  middle  of  April  Ward 
brougtft  suit  against  Siers  to  recover  $1,000  claimed 
to  be  due  him,  and  the  Shissler  heirs  also  went  into 
court  to  compel  Siers  to  comply  with  the  terms  of  the 
lease.  While  the  suit  was  pending  the  property  was 
placed  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver,  who  leased  the  place 
to  Mrs.  Goddard.  Siers  acquiesced,  only  asking  for 
sufficient  time  to  collect  his  personal  effects,  but  when 
he  attempted  to  do  this  he  found  that  many  of  them 
were  held  by  Mrs.  Goddard  as  part  of  the  estate.  He 
appealed  to  the  receiver,  who  sent  Mrs.  Goddard  an 
order  to  turn  over  the  property,  which  order  was  dis- 
obeyed by  her.  Siers  again  went  to  the  receiver,  and 
it  was  agreed  that  the  difficulty  should  be  adjusted  the 
following  Sunday  in  the  presence  of  that  officer,  at  the 
residence  of  Mrs.  Goddard.  On  that  Sunday  the  fatal 
affray  took  place.  The  tragedy  and  events  leading 
up  to  it  are  described  by  one  of  the  Lewiston  news- 
papers of  the  time : 

"Sunday  morning  about  six  o'clock,  Siers,  in  com- 
pany with  his  employes.  Elmer  Shorthill,  Frank  Kin- 
caid,  J.  Manee  and  William  Fay,  departed  from  their 
temporary  quarters  at  the  Monroe  farm  for  Lambert's 
place,  about  four  miles  distant,  to  secure  some  horses 
which  were  pastured  there.  Upon  reaching  the  Shissler 
ranch  the  party  stopped  in  front  of  the  old  house  and 
Siers  entered,  returning  shortly.  At  the  barn  yard 
the  party  again  stopped  to  allow  Mr.  Siers  to  visit  a 
man  named  Mott,  who  was  sick  and  quartered  in  the 
granary.  Siers  said  he  wished  to  see  about  removing 
Mott  to  the  Monroe  place,  and  as  he  would  probably 
need  their  assistance  he  asked  his  men  to  wait.  Mott 
was  a  brother  of  Mrs.  Goddard.  He  then  passed 
through  the  gateway  opening  into  the  barn  yard,  leav- 
ing a  rifle  leaning  against  the  fence,  and  proceeded 
onward.  Siers  had  nearly  reached  the  door  when  he 
was  confronted  by  Ward,  who  held  a  pistol.  A  few 
words  passed  between  them,  and  almost  immediately 
Mrs.  Goddard  appeared,  and,  after  engaging  in  a  heat- 
ed conversation  with  Siers,  passed  on  toward  the  gate 
where  the  men  were.  She  stopped  about  forty  feet 
from  Siers,  who  was  between  her  and  Ward,  and  ad- 
dressed Siers.  The  latter  turned  toward  her,  and  as 
he  did  so  Ward  fired  two  shots  at  him.  Siers  reached 
for  his  revolver  and  succeeded  in  returning  the  fire. 
Mrs.  Goddard  now  rushed  up,  and,  taking  a  revolver 
from  her  waist,  placed  the  muzzle  near  Siers'  back  and 
fired  several  times  in  rapid  succession.  Siers  fell  for- 
ward, and  as  he  did  so  Ward  struck  him  over  the  head 
with  his  revolver.  Siers  expired  instantly. 

"At  the  commencement  of  the  fight  Fred  Goddard, 
the  thirteen-year-old  son,  appeared  in  the  doorway  and 
ordered  the  men  at  the  gate  to  remain  where  they  were, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


emphasizing  this  command  with  a  rifle  shot  over  their 
heads.  Sliorthill  picked  up  Siers'  rifle  and,  with  the 
intention  of  assisting  his  fallen  comrade,  snapped  the 
hammer  at  the  combatants  in  the  barnyard.  The  cap 
refused  to  explode,  however.  He  then  loaded  the  gun 
and  again  pulled  the  trigger,  this  time  with  more  suc- 
cess, though  the  testimony  exonerated  him  from  any 
blame  attaching  to  the  death  of  the  murderer,  as  it  was 
proved  that  the  bullet  flew  wide  of  the  mark. 

"Ward  sank  upon  the  floor  upon  reaching  the 
house,  and  in  falling  discharged  his  pistol,  the  bullet 
from  which  grazed  the  limbs  of  Mrs.  Boyer,  who  was 
standing  in  the  doorway.  Forty-eight  hours  later  he 
died  in  excruiating  agony.  Mrs.  Goddard  was. wound- 
ed, a  pistol  ball  lacerating  her  right  arm. 

"Hundreds  of  neighbors  and  Lewiston  people  con- 
gregated at  the  scene  of  the  terrible  tragedy  during 
the  day,  and  excitement  over  the  affair  overshadowed 
all  other  interests.  Coroner  Strong  impaneled  a  jury 
and  on  Monday  a  verdict  was  rendered,  holding  Ward, 
Mrs.  Goddard  and  Fred  Goddard  responsible  for  Siers' 
I  death.  Later  Shorthill  was  arrested  for  murder  and 
then  for  assault  with,  intent  to  kill.  At  a  fair  trial  he 
was  completely  exonerated  and  acquitted." 

When  the 'Goddard  case  came  on  for  trial  in  the 
superior  court  there  was  begun  one  of  the  most  mem- 
orable legal  contests  in  the  history  of  the  county.  At- 
torneys McNamee  and  Clagget  conducted'the  case  for 
the  state,  while  Reid  and  Griffits  appeared  for  the 
tdefense.  Forty  days  were  consumed  in  the  taking  of 
testimony  and  the  making  of  arguments,  etc.,  entail- 
ing upon  the  taxpayers  an  expense  of  many  thousands 
of  dollars.  The  defendants  were  acquitted,  to  the  in- 
dignant surprise  of  hundreds  who  followed  the  testi- 
mony carefully. 

On  Monday,  August  26,  1895,  the  first  payment  to 
Indians  of  moneys  due  them  in  accordance  with  the 
treaty  began  at  the  agency.  The  Lewiston  banks  es- 
tablished temporary  quarters  on  the  reservation  for 
the  purpose  of  cashing  the  checks,  and  it  is  stated  that 
the  Indians  deposited  with  these  institutions  about  one- 
Ithird  of  their  newly-acquired  wealth,  also  that  they 
acted  honestly  in  liquidating  their  outstanding  debts. 

Speaking  editorially  of  the  events  on  this  mem- 
orable time,  the  Teller  in  its  issue  of  August  2Qth 
said: 

"The  past  week  has  been  one  of  active  life  in  a  com- 
mercial sense.  Every  channel  of  trade  has  been 
swelled  to  its  flood  tide.  The  impulse  derived  from  the 
disbursement  of  Indian  money  has  not  yet  subsided. 
Coming,  as  the  revival  did,  at  the  beginnig  of  a  sea- 
>'son  of  general  prosperity,  Lewiston  may  reason- 
ably expect  a  rapid  development  of  neglected  resources. 
One  thing  noticeable  is  the  fact  that  the  Indians  use 
good  judgment  in  making  their  purchases.  Indian 
goods  have  always  been  shoddy  goods  in  trade  circles, 
but  the  Nez  Perces  have  been  selecting  the  best  of 
everything  this  week.  They  have  purchased  largely  of 
spring  wagons,  but  they  have  avoided  the  cheaper 
goods,  preferring  to  pay  good  prices  for  substantial 
family  carriages.  .The  payment  of  the  Indian  money 
proceeded  very  quietly  all  week  at  the  agency.  The 


red  men  were  more  indifferent  than  white  men  would 
have  been  had  such  a  prize  been  ready  for  the  latter 
for  the  simple  asking.  The  sum  of  two  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars  awaited  the  Kamiahs  for  a  week  while 
they  deliberated  over  the  preliminaries.  At  first  they 
seemed  nonplused  by  the  final  awakening  to  the  fact 
that  they  would  soon  be  surrounded  by  the  whites  and 
have  to  shoulder  the  responsibilities  of  the  white  men, 
and  sent  word  that  they  had  deeded  no  land  and  would 
therefore  receipt  for  no  money.  They  finally  took  a 
philosophic  view  of  the  matter,  however,  and  decided 
to  acquiesce. 

"The  Indians  as  a  class  have  contemplated,  secured 
and  utilized  this  money  with  better  judgment  and  more 
in  accordance  with  true  business  principles  than  a  . 
chance  selection  of  an  equal  number  of  white  men 
would  have  done.  This  speaks  well  for  their  future. 
The  foundation  of  civilization  is  true  business  thrift 
of  the  individuals  of  anv  community,  and  commercial 
prosperity  is  a  natural  trait  of  first  importance  in 
political  economy." 

When  the  news  of  the  opening  of  the  reservation 
spread  abroad  scores  of  prospective  homesteaders 
flocked  into  the  country,  camping  where  they  might 
and  doing  what  they  could  to  earn  a  subsistence.  Only 
the  better  class  came,  as  the  fact  that  the  land  was  ex- 
pected to  cost  $3.75  per  acre  deterred  the  rougher  and 
less  thrifty  element. 

On  November  i8th,  at  12  o'clock  noon,  the  firing 
of  a  cannon  at  the  local  land  office  gave  warning  of  the 
official  opening  of  the  reserve.  As  usual  in  such  cases 
there  was  a  great  rush  for  choice  locations,  but  the 
ruffianism  so  generally  characteristic  of  these  races  for 
homes  was  conspicuous  for  its  absence.  The  first 
claims  were  filed  by  Stephen  Haaser  for  Colonel  Ham- 
mel,  Captin  Tamblin  and  W.  O.  Human,  old  soldiers. 
A  noteworthy  event  of  the  first  day  was  the  race  for 
the  quartz  ledges  on  Eckert's  butte,  which  for  many 
years  was  supposed  to  be  a  veritable  bonanza.  J.  L. 
Eckert  and  C.  E.  Holt  were  the  winners,  the  latter  se- 
curing first  choice.  Nezperce  City,  the  new  govern- 
ment townsite,  was  likewise  the  center  of  considerable 
interest.  Great  confusion  obtained  there  for  a  while  in 
the  matter  of  selecting  lots,  but  the  friends  of  order 
finally  effected  an  organization,  and,  on  the  suggestion 
of  Dr.  Morris,  adopted  a  species  of  lot  drawing  to  de- 
termine the  distribution  of  prizes. 

The  settlement  of  the  reservation  enabled  Nez 
Perces  county  to  advance  by  a  single  leap  to  a  place 
among  the  wealthiest  and  most  populous  counties  of  the 
state.  Of  the  reservation  lands,  533,500  acres  were  in 
Nez  Perces,  much  of  this  domain  being  exceedingly 
rich  agricultural  land,  and  its  settlement  by  a  thrifty, 
homebuilding  population  was  fraught  with  momentous 
consequences  for  the  future  greatness  of  the  county. 

No  new  movements  characterized  the  year  1896, 
but  it  was  nevertheless  a  busy  one.  It  witnessed  an  in- 
crease of  over  4,000  in  the  population  of  Nez  Perces 
county  and  the  settlement  of  practically  all  the  reserva- 
tion not  taken  in  the  first  grand  rush.  Thousands  of ' 
acres  of  virgin  soil  were  broken,  hundreds  of  homes 
were  built,  several  towns  were  started  and  signs  of 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


healthy  development  were  apparent  on  every  hand. 
During  the  year  the  Clearwater  was  opened  to  naviga- 
tion as  far  as  Kamiah  by  the  utilization  of  twenty-five 
thousand  dollars  provided  for  the  purpose  by  appro- 
priation, and  thus  the  final  year  of  the  financial  strin- 
gency, the  year  in  which  so  little  was  accomplished  in 
many  other  parts  of  the  west,  was  made  fruitful  of 
much  progress  in  Nez  Perces  county. 

In  February,  1897,  Representative  Fuller,  of  Sho- 
shone  county,  introduced  into  the  legislature  a  bill  to 
create  Clearwater  county  out  of  the  southern  portion  of 
Shoshone,  the  northern  portion  of  Idaho  and  the  east- 
ern portion  of  Nez  Perces  county,  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment of  the  new  political  division  to  be  Pierce  City. 
Some  of  the  boundaries  were  unnatural,  and  most  of 
the  section  embraced  was  unpatented  homestead  land, 
not  taxable.  The  number  of  votes  cast  at  the  previous 
election  by  residents  in  the  section  seeking  segregation 
numbered  barely  three  hundred.  Opponents  of  the 
measure  within  and  without  the  proposed  new  subdi- 
vision of  the  state  called  attention  to  these  facts ;  'the 
hopelessness  of  the  task  they  had  undertaken  soon  be- 
came apparent  to  its  friends  and  the  bill  was  allowed 
to  drop. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  in  1897  there  was  a  re- 
vival of  business  throughout  the  entire  northwest. 
Naturally  Nez  Perces  county,  which  had  not  suffered 
by  the  hard  times  as  did  other  parts  of  the  country, 
was  prepared  to  keep  step  in  this  renewed  forward 
march,  and  the  year  was  fruitful  of  many  improve- 
ments and  some  departures  in  industrial  circles. 
Thousands  of  dollars  were  invested  in  reviving  some 

stamp  mills,  opening  roads,  etc.  The  reorganization  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  Company  after  its  lines  had  been 
in  the  receiver's  hands  for  five  years  was  an  event 
of  no  little  promise  to  a  region  which  must  look  to  that 
corporation  for  the  transportation  facilities  it  so  much 
needed  and  so  ardently  desired.  Lastly,  and  in  time 
to  give  the  hqmebuilders  on  the  newly-opened  Nez 
Perces  reservation  the  encouragement  so  necessary  and 
so  helpful  under  those  circumstances,  came  the  abun- 
dant harvests  and  excellent  prices  which  have  made 
1897  a  memorable  year  in  the  history  of  the  inland 
empire  generally.  Prosperity  among  the  farmers 
meant  prosperity  among  the  merchants,  laborers  me- 
chanics and  all  other  classes,  and  every  one  felt  that  the 
night  of  financial  distress  had  given  place  to  a  more 
glorious  day  than  had  ever  before  broken  upon  the  hills 
and  valleys  of  the  Clearwater  country. 

It  was  no  doubt  their  perception  of  this  golden 
future  that  impelled  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company  to  commence  in  December,  1897,  the  exten- 
sion of  their  Spokane  and  Palouse  branch  to  Lewis- 
ton,  taking  up  in  good  earnest  a  project  which  it  had 
long  been  contemplating  but  for  various  reasons  had 
never  carried  into  effect.  At  any  rate,  the  company 
notified  the  people,  through  its  agent,  J.  P.  Vollmer, 
that  it  would  commence  work  immediately  provided 
the  right  of  way  and  depot  grounds  in  Lewiston  were 
donated.  The  proposal  drew  forth  an  immediate  re- 
sponse ;  the  bonus  asked  for  was  speedily  granted,  also 


the  necessary  franchise.  The  company  proved  true  to 
its  promise.  Work  was  pushed  speedily  and  steadily 
and  on  September  8,  1898,  the  first  passenger  train 
entered  Lewiston.  That  it  received  a  hearty  welcome 
need  not  be  stated  when  it  is  remembered  that  the 
town  had  begun  agitation  for  a  railroad  as  early  as 
1872 — perhaps  earlier — and  had  wrought  assiduously 
during  all  the  intervening  years  to  the  end  that  its  in- 
dustrial development  might  receive  the  impetus  which 
nothing  but  speedy  transportation  could  give,  at  times 
offering  enormous  bonuses  and  ever  standing  ready 
to  offer  the  company  which  should  build  to  them  all 
the  encouragement  in  their  power. 

The  activity  of  the  Northern  Pacific  seemed  to 
stimulate  other  transpartation  companies,  and  in 
March,  1898,  articles  of  incorporation  of  the  Snake 
River  Valley  Railroad  Company  were  filed  in 
the  county  clerk's  office.  The  object  of  this  company 
was  to  build  a  line  from  Umatilla,  Oregon,  to  a  point 
in  the  state  of  Washington  contiguous  to  the  mouth 
of  Snake  river,  thence  along  the  valley  of  that  stream 
via  Riparia,  Washington,  and  Lewiston.  Idaho,  to  the 
vicinity  of  Huntington.  The  proposed  road  would 
be  of  great  benefit  to  the  Clearwater  section,  and  the 
people  thereof  are  ever  alert  for  the  good  of  their 
part  of  the  state,  so  considerable  attention  was  paid  to 
this  new  project.  However,  the  people  were  too  well 
used  to  the  ways  of  railway  projectors  to  be  greatly 
disappointed  when  the  road  did  not  materialize. 

The  winter  of  1897-8  was  a  mild  one,  and,  as  is 
usual  under  those  circumstances,  the  fall  of  snow  was 
correspondingly  heavy.  The  precipitation  during  Jan- 
uary was  very  great,  and  conditions  were  right  for  an 
era  of  floods  as  soon  as  a  warm  wind  should  begin 
blowing.  On  the  I4th  of  February  the  balmy  "Chi- 
nook" came  with  its  furnace  breath,  the  snow  was 
speedily  converted  into  torrents  of  water,  the  streams 
were  swelled  to  their  utmost,  the  former  high-water 
records  of  the  Potlatch,  especially,  being  badly  broken. 
Much  damage  resulted  to  the  railroad  bed;  the  new 
construction  work  was  injured  and  its  progress  de- 
layed; travel  was  rendered  impossible  for  three  days 
and  the  entire  Potlatch  country  was  cut  off  from  mail 
communication  with  the  outside  world.  The  Clear- 
water  at  Lewiston  rese  six  feet  in  one  day  and  the  cur- 
rent in  it  became  so  swift  as  to  stop  the  ferries ;  but 

tion. 

As  the  year  advanced  it  brought  with  it  blessings 
and  a  substantial  increase  of  wealth  to  the  citizens 
of  Nez  Perces  county  and  vicinity.  Copious  rains  in 
June  insured  excellent  crops.  Much  of  the  land  of  the 
region  was  new,  so  that  the  enormous  crop  of  1897 
did  not  render  another  large  crop  in  1898  a  practical 
impossibility,  and  it  is  stated  that  the  wheat  yield  of 
that  year  was  the  greatest  known  up  to  the  time. 
The  acreage  devoted  to  the  different  cereal  products 
during  the  year,  as  compiled  by  Assessor  Cantril, 
were  as  follows:  Wheat,  44,507  acres;  barley,  4,131 
acres;  flax,  2,924  acres:  oats,  1,572  acres;  corn,  275 
acres.  The  number  of  acres  devoted  to  hay  was 
2,344- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


The  outbreak  of  the  Spanish-American  war  was 
in  Nez  Perces  county,  as  in  other  parts  of  Idaho  and 
the  west,  the  occasion  of  a  great  outburst  of  patriotic 
ferver.  This  ebullition  of  the  martial  spirit  found  ex- 
pression at  a  public  meeting  held  at  the  court  house 
Saturday,  April  23d,  1898,  at  which  the  militia,  mem- 
bers of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  several 
Confederate  veterans,  many  students  and  a  representa- 
tion of  the  citizenship  of  Lewiston — far  beyond  the 
capacity  of  the  audience  room  to  accommodate — were 
present.  Judge  J.  W.  Poe  presided.  Speeches  were 
made  by  Supreme  judges  Sullivan  and  Quarks, 
Colonels  Lane  and  Danford,  J.  N.  Stacy  and  James 
W.  Reid,  and  these,  with  the  martial  music,  stirred  all 
hearts  to  their  profoundest  depths. 

Shortly  after  the  issuance  of  the  call  of  President 
McKinley  for  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand 
volunteers,  Company  B  received  orders  to  hold  itself 
in  readiness  to  furnish  thirty-five  of  its  best  men  to  fill 
up  the  state  quota,  and  the  boys  had  been  drilling  as- 
siduously in  anticipation  of  the  opportunity  to  partici- 
pate for  the  first  time  in  active  warfare.  On  Monday, 
May  2d,  they  received  the  anticipated  marching  or- 
ders, commanding  them  to  repair  at  once  to  the  ren- 
dezvous at  Boise,  but  on  account  of  some  difficulty 
about  transportation  they  were  delayed  in  their  com- 
pliance until  Thursday.  At  noon  on  Monday  Com- 
pany C,  of  Grangeville,  Captain  Murphy  commanding, 
arrived  in  Lewiston.  They  and  the  home  boys  were 
tendered  a  reception  by  the  ladies  of  the  Women's 
Relief  Corps  on  Tuesday  evening,  at  which  they  en- 
joyed not  only  the  usual  bounties  of  good  things,  but 
heart- felt  words  of  welcome  and  farewell  expressed  in 
glowing  language  by  eloquent  speakers.  A  flag  was 
presented  to  the  soldiers  by  C.  P.  Coburn,  accom- 

'_  panied  by  words  well-calculated  to  inspire  in  the 
breasts  of  its  recipients  a  determination  to  carry  it 
on  to  victory  and  to  never  disgrace  it  by  any  act  of 
cowardice  or  dishonor. 

The  interest  of  the  residents  of  Lewiston  in  their 
chosen  sons  was  further  manifested  on  the  morning 
of  their  departure,  when  a  concourse  of  between  2,500 
and  3,000  people  assembled  at  the  boat  landing  to  give 
them  a  parting  hand-shake.  The  public  schools  were 

.  closed,  also  the  Normal ;  stores  and  public  offices  were 
deserted,  and  men,  women  and  children  gathered  to 
see  the  start  for  war.  More  speeches  were  indulged 
in;  another  flag  was  given  the  company  by  the  Grand 

'.Army  of  the  Republic,  much  hand-shaking,  some 
caressing,  no  doubt,  a  little  of  that  overflow  of  feeling 
which  the  soldier  dreads  worse  than  the  battle's  front, 
and  the  boys  were  off  to  meet  the  uncertainties  which 
beset  the  soldier  in  fighting  the  battles  of  the  repub- 
lic. Two  weeks  were  spent  in  camp  at  Boise ;  then  the 
Idaho  volunteers  were  ordered  to  join  General  Mer- 
ritt  at  the  Presidio,  San  Francisco. 

From  the  records  of  Company  B,  First  Regiment, 
Idaho  Volunteer  Infantry,  the  same  being  the  Nez 
Perces  county  company,  we  learn  that  the  officers  were 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Daniel  M.  Figgins,  commanding; 
Captain  Edward  O.  Martinson,  First  Lieutenant  Rob- 
ert D.  Stainton,  Second  Lieutenant  Chipear  Wilcut; 


and  that  the  privates  were  Charles  W.  Alkire,  Robert 
L.  Baldwin,  Herbert  M.  Caswell,  James  Cleary,  David 
D.  Crites,  John  O.  Derr,  Frank  C.  Duncan,  Fred  Fol- 
som,  Harry  B.  Ford,  William  H.  Frederick,  Frank  B. 
Gorman,.  George  H.  Hammersly,  Herbert  Hennes, 
Isaac  Hutcheson,  Hyrum  Jenson,  James  Jenson,  Oli- 
ver B.  Jones,  Richard  B.  Jones  (wounded  February 
5,  1899),  Adam  Kobel,  Stanley  C.  Lebrook,  John 
Lucey,  Dennis  Likens,  John  H.  Little,  Donald  O. 
Merritt,  Joseph  Oswald,  Richard  D.  Pelkey,  Louis 
Peterson,  William  M.  Pipkin,  Walter  W.  Rhoades, 
Alfred  E.  Riter,  William  N.  Robinson,  Robert  Ross, 
Guy  Simpson,  Frank  Stark,  Bert  Weeks,  James  Wes- 
ton  and  William  C.  Woodside.  Privates  discharged 
from  the  company  before  the  register  was  made  were : 
John  W.  Frederick,  James  C.  Henderson,  Theodore 
Link,  William  A.  Bicknell,  Darius  P.  Gray,  William 
Hall,  Caleb  P.  Hahn,  Charles  F.  Krise,  John  N.  Luit- 
jens  (wounded  February  5,  1899),  Harry  McConville, 
J.  C.  McFadden,  Frederick  B.  McKee,  Charles  C. 
Miles,  G.  E.  Overstreet,  Lewis  A.  Powless,  William 
B.  Rea,  Joseph  Rustmeyer,  Frederick  W.  Soule, 
Martin  Starling,  William  B.  Strong,  Horace 
D.  Van  Alstine.  Officers  resigned:  Captain  L. 

D.  Schattner,     April     25,      1899;     Second     Lieu- 
tenant John  O.  Barbour,  March  17,  1899.    Discharged 
to    accept    commisions:     First    Sergeant,    Robert    D. 
Stainton,  Private    Frank  A,  McCall    (wounded  Feb- 
ruary 5,   1899),  Chipear  Wilcut.     Those  who  served 
as    sergeants    were:     Joseph    Strobel,    Ernest    Scott 
(wounded  February  5,  1899),  John  Wiggins,  William 
M.  Keller  (wounded  February  5,  1899),  Charles  Gor- 
don, Fred  S.  Beckwith.     As  corporals:     Samuel  W. 
Blue,  Alois  Kalous,  Charles  W.  Byers,  Frank  Cer- 
veny,   Frank   B.   Flora,   Len  Koen,  Thomas   Martin. 
As  musicians:     William  H.  Ritzheimer  and  William 

E.  Merriam.    As  artificer,  Thomas  Nance.     As  wag- 
oner, Herman  Wilde.    Those  transferred  were :   Mack 
K.  Cunningham,  Fred  Farr,  Joseph  A.  Gill,  Elmore 
A.  McKenna  and  Amos  A.  Smith,  all  privates.    Those 
killed  in  action  were:     Corporal  Frank  R.  Caldwell, 
Privates  James  R.  Fraser  and  George  W.  Hall. 

The  company's  record  of  events  reads  as  follows: 
"Left  Boise,  May  19,  1898;  arrived  at  San  Francisco, 
California,  May  22d  and  went  into  Camp  Merritt. 
Embarked  on  Steamship  'Morgan  City'  June  26th; 
left  San  Francisco  bay  en  route  for  Manila  June  2;th. 
Arrived  at  Honolulu  July  6th,  leaving  July  gth;  ar- 
rived at  Manila  bay  July  31.  Landed  August  6th  at 
Paranaque  and  went  into  camp  at  Camp  Dewey.  In 
trenches  August  8th  and  gth.  In  barracks  at  Malate 
August  1 3th  to  October  nth.  In  barracks,  Exposi- 
tion building,  Manila,  to  January  2d.  In  barracks  at 
Aco,  Manila,  to  February  4th.  On  guard  and  outpost 
duty  until  February  4,  1899.  In  trenches  and  on  fir- 
ing'line  from  February  4th  to  July  I2th.  Embarked 
on  United  States  Army  Transport  Grant,  en  route 
for  San  Francisco  via  Magaski,  Island  Sea  and  Yoko- 
hama July  3 ist ;  arrived  August  29th.  Went  into  camp 
at  Presidio  August  3ist." 

The  company  took  part  in  one  engagement  with 
Spanish  forces — the  assault  and  capture  of  Manila, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


August  I3th,  1898,  and  battled  against  Philippino  in- 
surgents at  Santa  Ana  on  February  4th  and  5th  at 
Calcoocan,  February  loth  and  nth,  1899.  Detach- 
ments of  the  company  were  in  the  Laguna  bay  expedi- 
tion, April  7th  to  I7th;  at  Santa  Cruz,  April  gth  and 
roth;  at  Pagsanjan,  April  nth;  at  Lumban,  April 
nth,  and  at  Paete,  April  I3th. 

Besides  the  volunteers  above  mentioned,  Harry 
Matheson,  Ed  Sutherland,  James  Jacks,  Ed  Sears, 
John  Neal,  Harry  Lee,  Bob  Winger  and  Moxie  Alex- 
ander, all  Lewiston  boys,  took  part  in  the  war,  having 
enlisted  in  Company  C,  First  Battalion,  Second  Regi- 
ment, Washington  Volunteers. 

The  Second  Battalion,  Idaho  Volunteers,  including 
all  the  north  Idaho  companies,  was  commanded  by 
Major  Ed  McConville  (the  Colonel  McConville  of  Nez 
Perces  Indian  war  fame),  a  man  of  splendid  military 
ability.  Brave,  determined,  heroic,  possessing  the  gift 
of  inspiring  others  with  the  enthusiasm  and  ardor 
which  fired  his  own  patriotic  heart,  he  kept  adding 
laurels  to  his  wreath  of  fame  until  he  met  at  last  a 
soldier's  fate.  Brigadier  General  Charles  King,  who 
was  in  command  of  the  brigade  in  the  battle  of  Santa 
Ana,  in  which  the  Idaho  regiment  covered  itself  with 
glory,  refers  to  the  Idaho  volunteers  and  to  Major 
McConville  in  this  language  : 

"Just  as  the  center  of  the  Idahos  reached  a  little 
clump  of  trees  and  shrubbery  half  way  across  the 
plain  they  were  greeted  by  a  sudden  and  furious  vol- 
ley, which  staggered  them.  In  an  instant  McConville 
leaped  to  the  front,  shouting  to  his  men  :  'Come  on  ! 
Come  on,  Idaho!'  and  then,  as  he  turned  and  led  the 
rush  into  the  shrubbery  a  shot  struck  him  square  in 
the  breast  and  down  he  went.  Even  then,  they  told 
me,  he  strove  to  crawl  forward,  but  the  wound  was 
mortal,  and  presently  the  brave  old  fellow  realized  that 
he  had  but  an  hour  or  two  to  live.  I  never  saw  him 
again.  The  order  he  received  from  my  lips  on  the 
Santa  Ana  road  was  his  last,  and  to  the  letter  had  he 
striven  to  obey  it. 

"Five  insurgents  lay  dead  about  the  Krupps  in  the 
middle  of  the  redoubt,"  where,  side  by  side,  California 
and  Idaho  leaped  in  to  the  capture,  and  a  dozen  lay 
strewn  over  the  field  in  front  of  where  the  honored  old 
major  fell.  The  big  redoubt  on  the  mound  to  his  left 
was  littered  with  the  bodies  of  insurgents.  Hemmed 
in  between  McConville,  Fortson  and  the  river  and  un- 
able to  beat  back  the  dashing  charge  of  the  'Ameri- 
canos,' they  raised  the  white  flag  and  th'en  shot  dead 
the  first  soldier  to  reach  the  work.  The  roar  of  mus- 
ketry was  resumed  for  three  minutes  and  was  followed 
by  scattering  shots  as  the  fugitives  ran  for  the  stream, 
but  there  was  a  smile  on  McConville's  grizzled  face 
as  they  bore  him  off  the  field." 

The  remains  of  the  heroic  McConville  were  brought 
home  lor  interment.  On  April  i2th  the  steamer 
Spokane,  with  its  flag  at  half-mast,  steamed  into  port 


, 

bearing  the  body,  and  during  the  afternoon  of  the 
next  day  all  that  was  mortal  of  the  courageous  patriot 
was  laid  to  rest.  The  funeral  was  attended  by  hun- 
dreds of  people,  among  them  the  state  officials,  led  by 
Governor  Steunberg,  the  University  of  Idaho  Cadets 


and  members  of  the  faculty  and  delegations  from  other 
cities  of  Idaho  and   Washington. 

The  members  of  Company  B  arrived  at  Lewiston 
on  the  afternoon  of  October  2,  1899,  and  were  greeted 
in  a  manner  which  proved  that  the  people  fully  appre- 
ciated their  gallant  services  and  the  honor  they  reflect- 
ed upon  the  city  and  county  that  sent  them  forth.  The 
boat  was  met  by  members  of  fraternal  orders,  by 
fathers,  mothers,  brothers,  sisters  and  sweethearts, 
by  young  and  old  and  middle  aged,  all  in  gala  attire 
and  striving  to  outdo  one  another  in  the  warmth  of 
their  welcome  and  the  heartiness  of  their  tributes  of 
honor. 

But  we  must  take  up  again  the  current  of  events 
in  Nez  Perces  county.  The  year  1899  was  a  very 
lively  one.  The  railroad  activity  of  which  we  have 
spoken  in  a  previous  chapter  contributed  not  a  little 
to  this  prosperity  and  there  were  other  causes  also 
operative  in  the  same  direction.  True  the  winter  had 
been  a  severe  one  occasioning  heavy  losses  of  cattle 
and  horses,  the  heaviest,  however,  being  outside  of 
Nez  Perces  county,  but  the  effect  was  scarcely  felt, 
being  so  completely  neutralized  by  the  operation  of 
other  forces.  By  May,  according  to  the  Teller's  state- 
ment, the  entire  country  was  on  the  boom.  New 
towns  and  new  additions  to  old  towns  were  coming 
to  the  front  and  the  price  of  real  estate  was  leaping 
forward.  "Every  house  of  every  description,"  says 
the  paper  referred  to,  "is  occupied  to  its  fullest  ca- 
pacity and  large  numbers  of  new  ones  are  under  con- 
struction, while  many  vacant  lots  serve  as  tenting 
ground  for  people  who  cannot  otherwise  get  housed. 
The  transient  traveler  who  gets  a  room  to  himself  is 
fortunate  and  still  more  so  is  he  if  he  is  not  compelled 
to  sleep  at  some  barracks  of  a  lodging  house  utilized 
in  connection  with  the  hotel  where  he  may  have  reg- 
istered." The  Buffalo  Hump  excitement,  caused  by 
the  discovery  of  rich  gold  deposits  in  the  vicinity  of 
that  old  landmark,  was  responsible  for  much  of  the: 
travel  through  the  country  and  the  general  boom  con- 
ditions, but  there  was  also  a  mining  excitement  in 
Nez  Perces  county  itself.  A  number  of  locations 
were  made  near  Greer's  ferry  on  the  Clearwater  river, 
a  region  blest  with  traditions  of  a  lost  mine.  "During 
the  Nez  Perces  war,"  so  the  story  goes,  "a  party  oi 
prospectors  were  run  to  cover  in  the  canyon  of  the  Lo- 
lo  and  while  in  hiding  they  found  a  very  rich  ledge.; 
The  prospectors  were  badly  scared,  did  not  expect 
to  save  even  their  scalps,  but  they  chipped  off  chunks  \ 
of  gold  bearing  quartz  and  carried  them  to  their  I 
homes.  The  confused  state  of  their  minds  at  th«j| 
time  left  them  with  only  vague  recollections  of  thai 
location  of  the  ledge  which  they  concealed  with  brush ' 
and  dirt.  Years  later  members  of  that  party  secretly 
returned  to  the  vicinity  of  Greer's  ferry  and  tramped  j 
all  summer  up  and  down  the  country  in  search  of  ' 
this  rich  ledge,  which  they  have  never  found.  All  ', 
of  these  old  prospectors  have  died.  The  last  to  visit  | 
the  scene  of  this  exciting  experience  came  in  1896." 

Whether  the  gold  find  of  1877,  if  such  was  in  truth  i 
made,  would,  if  discovered,  prove  as  rich  as  the  old  | 
prospectors  believed  is  of  course  unknown  but  Greer's  i 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ferry  is  known  to  be  in  a  promising  mineral  belt  and 
it  is  possible  that  a  ledge  of  great  richness  may  have 
.  been  discovered  and  lost  again  as  alleged.  At  any 
rate  it  is  not  unlikely  that  some  of  the  prospects  in 
the  vicinity  will  develop  into  paying  properties. 

During  the  year  the  value  of  property  in  the  county 
according  to  the  assessor's  appraisement  nearly  doub- 
led, giving  it  fifth  place  among  the  political  divisions 
of  the  state.  As  the  valuation  of  railroad  property  in 
the  county  was  only  one-sixteenth  of  the  whole,  leav- 
ing such  property  out  of  the  calculation,  Nez  Per- 
ces  would  rank  third. 

The  opening  of  the  year  1900  was  a  very  propiti- 
ous one  in  the  county.  The  mild  winter  left  the  cat- 
tlemen's stacks  of  hay  scarcely  touched  while  the  cat- 
tle, feeding  along  the  breaks  of  the  rivers,  were  fatter 
than  if  they  had  been  compelled  by  severe  weather  to 
consume  all  the  fodder  provided  for  their  use  in  case 
of  emergency.  The  year  throughout  was  one  of  sub- 
stantial progress  and  universal  prosperity,  though  it 
was  not  characterized  by  the  excitement  and  rush 
which  distinguished  its  predecessor.  When  fall  came 
it  brought  the  largest  harvests  ever  known  in  Nez 
Perces  county  with  a  consequent  stimulus  to  business 
of  all  kinds.  The  only  disaster  of  the  year  was  for- 
tunately not  serious.  It  consisted  of  the  wreck  on  the 
Clearwater  Short  Line,  on  June  27*,  of  a  mixed 
train  consisting  of  four  carloads  of  hogs,  two  box 
cars,  three  fiat  cars,  a  steam  shovel,  one  passenger 
coach  and  the  express  car.  The  train  had  just  rounded 
a  curve  about  two  miles  east  of  Contact  and  was  com- 
ing onto  straight  road  again  when  one  of  the  trucks 
under  the  steam  shovel  left  the  track.  The  engineer 
saw  the  shovel  flying  up  in  the  air  and  immediately 
applied  the  brakes,  but  the  king  bolt  under  the  shovel 
had  been  broken ;  the  trucks  were  pulled  out  from  un- 
der it;  the  flat  car  behind  struck  it  throwing  it  into 
the  river  and  the  car  itself  was  thrown  crosswise  of  the 
track.  The  other  freight  cars  were  badly  wrecked, 
but  fortunately  the  passenger  coach,  in  which  were 
fifteen  or  twenty  people,  was  not  injured,  and  besides 
being  badly  shaken  up  no  one  was  hurt. 

An  event  of  the  year  1900  which  must  not  be  over- 
looked was  the  organization  on  February  ipth  of  the 
Nez  Perces  County  Pioneer  Association,  of  which  all 
persons  might  become  members  who  settled  in  the 
county  prior  to  or  during  1877.  The  first  officers 
were  C.  G.  Kress,  president :  C.  P.  Coburn,  vice-pres- 
ident;  Wallace  B.  Stainton,  secretary;  John  N.  Lind- 
say, treasurer;  Edmund  Pearcy,  Robert  Grostein,  Joel 
Martin  and  M.  A.  Kelly,  trustees.  For  the  purpose 
of  preserving  as  many  as  possible  of  the  names  of 
those  who  have  toiled  so  long  in  the  development  of 
the  county  and  done  so  much  for  its  material  and  so- 
cial upbuilding,  we  give  the  membership  roll  of  the 
society  as  follows: 

W.  P.  Bell,  1859;  John  M.  Silcott,  Thomas  B. 
Beall,  1860;  G.  W.  Underwood,  A.  R.  Trimble,  Thom- 
as F.  Reynolds,  1861 ;  C.  C.  Bunnell,  Edmund  Pear- 
cy, Chester  P.  Coburn,  Augustus  C.  Sweet,  Ezra 
Baird,  W.  S.  Dyer,  G.  A.  Frost,  M.  A.  Kelly,  Joel 
D.  Martin,  S.  Wildenthaler,  R.  Grostein,  C.  E.  Faunce, 


T.  C.  Moxley,  August  Meilk,  W.  P.  Hunt,  William 
LeBaron,  N.  B.  Holbrook,  E.  Tixier,  L.  G.  Maguire, 
John  Denny,  J.  O.  Maxon,  Sarah  G.  Thompson  D. 
VV.  C.  Dunwell,  1862;  Eva  K.  Mounce,  Mrs.  C.  P. 
Grostein,  Elizabeth  Barnett,  Eliza  W.  Thatcher,  Em- 
ma J.  Chapman,  J  Alexander,  John  W.  Denney,  W. 
W.  Leeper,  Sophia  Whitman,  Mallery,  Mrs.  Martha 
Coburn,  P.  B.  Whitman,  Samuel  W.  Childs,  1863; 
Mrs.  Rosa  Grostein,  M.  H.  Sprague,  Olive  C.  Hunt, 
C.  A.  McCabe,  John  O.  Barbour,  S.  E.  Vollmer,  Ben- 
jamin F.  Morris,  1864;  Alma  Havenick,  Lucinda  J. 
Breanley,  Charles  G.  Kress,  1865 !  William  Stevenson, 
T.  S.  Billings,  William  Baird,  C.  E.  Bradish,  Anna 
M.  Clark,  1866;  Rachael  Binnard,  A.  C.  Coburn,  Mrs. 
Mary  W.  Smith,  Nellie  W.  Leeper,  Joseph  Dubuc, 
Harry  Dowd,  James  Conley,  L.  Grostein,  1867;  C. 

A.  Elmer,  Mrs.  W.  E.  Erb,  Mrs.  F.  Roos,  John  P. 
Vollmer,  Mrs.  Alida  G.  Faunce,   1868;   Mrs.  Annie 
Krautmger,   Frank  B.    Willis,   Mrs.   Josephine  Boise, 
Christ   Weirgerder,   1869;  H.  R.  Grostein,  Fred  M. 
Manning,     Eerdinand     Roos,     Amy     D.    Kettenbach, 
Charles  Dowd,  John  L.  Chapman,  James  Hayes,  Perry 
Thomas,  G.  A.  Manning,  Mrs.  Laura  B.  Morris,  Su- 
san E.  Manning,  H.  Penault,   1870;  H.  A.  Trimble, 
G.    M.    Smith,   P.    M.   Davis,   H.    K.    Barnett,    1871; 
Harry   Lydon,    Mrs.    Clifford    Riggs,   J.    R.    Lydon, 
Robert   Schleicher,   Matt   Dowd,   Mrs.   J.   E.   Akins, 
Wallace   B.   Stainton,    1872;   Mrs.   Sarah  A.   Roxley, 
L.  Rowley,  J.  Q.  Moxley,  E.  A.  Rowley,  1873;  Louis 
N.  Roos,  S.  E.  Arant,  William  L.  Boise,  E.  H.  Wig- 
gin,  Mrs.  Ella  Rowley,  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Denny,  Anna 
Binnard,    1874:   A.   G.    Wisner,   Curtis   Thatcher,   K. 
Oliver,   Edna   M.   Baird,    Mrs.    Mary   C.    Moxley,   J. 

B.  Morris,  John  M.  Fix,  W.  R.  Dixon,  1875;  J.  N. 
Lindsay,   L.   Stannus,   Mrs.    Mollie  Armstrong,   Mrs. 
W.   B.   Cooper,   Miss   Bessie   Vollmer,   Elizabeth   M. 
Beeson,  Mary  A.  Butler,  Ferdinand  Roos,  Jr.,  George 

C.  Leland,  George  H.  Storer,  J.  D.  C.  Thiessen,  Re- 
becca   Lindsay,    C.    A.    Leeper,    Rosa    Ponting,    Mrs. 
Lillie   Wisner,   W.   H.  Leland,  J.  H.  Frost,   Mrs.  L. 
K.   Stirling,    Mrs.    Hattie    Wildenthaler,    Louis    D. 
Schattner,  1876;      John    Weiss,  Thomas    Kittsmiller, 
Wilbur  Wardwell,  J.  C.  Kincaid,  John  Ponting,  John 
Speck,   W.  A.   Smith,   Catherine   Metcalf,   Margaret 
A.    Goldsmith,   Frances   M.    Moxley,   Mrs.    Viola  C. 
McConville,    Martin    L.    Goldsmith,    Newton    Hibbs, 
J.   E.    Kincaid,   John  H.    McCalli,    William    Wright, 
J.  R.  Wolfe,  A.  W.  Krautinger,  Fred  S.  Kling,  F. 
J.   Edwards,   Maud   Wildenthaler,   Clara   P.   Phillips, 
Mrs.    Mary    White    Kettenback,    W.    F.    Kettenbach, 
Mrs.  Emma  M.  Edwards,  Henry  Harsell,  W.  Haver- 
nick,  1877. 

On  January  22,  1901,  Representative  Oxley,  of 
Shoshone  county,  introduced  into  the  legislature  a  bill 
providing  for  the  creation  of  Clearwater  county  out  of 
territory  belonging  to  Nez  Perces,  Idaho  and  Shoshone 
counties.  It  was  later  amended  to  take  in  the  Potlatch 
country,  its  first  draft  having  taken  no  part  of  Xez 
Perces  county  except  that  east  of  the  Boise  meridian. 
The  result  of  the  change  was  a  vigorous  protest  from 
the  residents  of  the  section  affected.  The  bill  was  de- 
feated by  a  vote  of  22  to  21  in  the  house,  but  in  the 


96 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


evening  that  body  reconvened  and  determined  by  a  vote 
of  31  to  II  to  reconsider  the  measure.  This  was  on 
March  6th.  Later  in  the  same  month  a  substitute  bill 
was  passed,  the  boundaries  being  so  denned  as  to  take 
from  'Nez  Perces  county  about  three  townships  in  the 
Potlatch  and  three  in  the  reservation.  The  bill  was 
promptly  signed  by  the  governor,  who  appointed  for 
the  new  county  of  Clearwater  the  following  officers: 
Commissioners,  P.  H.  Blake,  William  LeBaron  and 
John  T.  Mallory ;  sheriff,  Frank  Gaffney ;  assessor,  J. 
L.  Harris ;  treasurer,  A.  E.  Holmberg ;  superintendent 
of  schools,  Mrs.  Fannie  Roberts;  probate  judge,  J.  S. 
Hogue;  county  attorney,  J.  A.  Brown;  surveyor,  D. 
H.  Guilland,  coroner,  Henry  Merchant. 

But  the  new  county  was  not  organized  as  speedily 
as  at  first  intended,  owing  to  several  difficulties,  and 
when  at  last  it  was  ready  to  take  its  place  among  the 
legal  subdivisions  of  the  state,  the  state  auditor  refused 
to  furnish  blank  licenses  such  as  the  law  required  him 
to  furnish  to  the  treasurers  of  the  different  counties, 
alleging  that  Clearwater  county  had  not  been  legally 
created.  The  case  was  taken  into  court  by  the  county 
treasurer  of  the  new  political  division,  who  applied  for 
a  writ  of  mandate  compelling  the  state  auditor  to  com- 
ply with  the  law  in  this  respect.  The  defendant,  in 
his  answer,  filed  in  response  to  an  order  by  the  court' 
to  appear  and  show  cause  why  the  writ  should  not  issue, 
set  up  that  the  county  did  not  contain  taxable  prop- 
erty to  the  value  of  one  million  dollars  as  required  by 
section  4,  article  18  of  the  constitution,  and  further 
that  the  act  creating  or  purporting  to  create  it  was 
fatally  defective  in  its  language,  therefore  the  county 
of  Cleawater  has  no  legal  existence.  Attorneys  for 
the  county  of  Cleawater  thought  the  second  objection 
would  not  be  seriously  considered  by  the  court  and 
contended  that  the  amendment  upon  which  the  first  was 
based  was  unconstitutional  for  the  reason  that  it  was 
not  passed  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  house.  The  su- 
preme court  did  not  pass  upon  the  constitutionality  of 
the  amendment,  but  held  the  creating  act  void  for  the 
reason  that  it  did  not  state  specifically  that  the  territory 
within  the  defined  boundaries  "shall  constitute  the  coun- 
ty of  Clearwater."  The  section  at  fault  read :  "That 
a'll  portions  of  the  state  of  Idaho  included  within  the 
following  boundaries,  to  wit :  Beginning  at  the  south- 
east corner  of  Kootenai  county  on  the  water  shed 
separating  the  waters  of  the  St.  Mary  and  Clearwater 

rivers ;  thence  in  an  easterly  direction    to  the 

place  of  beginning."  The  sentence  contained  no  verb 
and  was  obviously  meaningless.  Thus  through  a 
clerical  mistake  or  literary  error  the  hopes  of  the 
friends  of  Clearwater  county  were  dashed  to  the 
ground. 

This  year  witnessed  in  Whitman  county  and  other 
parts  of  Washington  a  very  considerable  excitement 
over  the  discovery  of  indications  of  oil  and  natural 
gas,  an  excitement  which  extended  to  Nez  Perces 
county  also.  It  is  stated  that  after  two  days  of  careful 

Prof.  Aughey,  an  expert,  concluded  that  Lewiston 
was  in  the  gas  belt  and  that  the  Lewiston  valley  was 
underlaid,  at  a  depth  of  between  six  hundred  and  a 


thousand  feet,  with  formations  containing  oil  and  gas. 
Those  who  were  with .  Professor  Aughey  stated  that 
from  holes  made  in  the  soil  at  various  points  a  gas 
flow  was  obtained.  The  exudations  burned  with 
yellow  flame,  leading  to  the  conclusion  that  they  were 
petrolium  gas.  Many  claims  were  taken  in  the  vicin- 
ity and  considerable  excitement  was  engendered  by 
the  find  and  by  Aughey's  very  conservative  report. 

The  spring  of  1902  brought  another  rush  of  gold 
seekers  through  the  county,  Thunder  mountain  being 
the  mecca  of  the  wealth  hunting  hordes  this  time.  Some 
few  of  the  travelers  stopped  at  Lewiston  to  sect 
their  outfits,  but  for  the  most  part  that  city  was  left 
out  of  their  calculations  after  the  Northern  Pacific 
time  schedule  was  changed  so  as  to  permit  passenger 
to  proceed  direct  to  Stites,  the  Clearwater  terminal 
of  the  road.  From  that  point  two  routes  were  open 
to  the  pilgrims,  one  via  Dixie,  the  other  via  Gran^ 
ville  and  Warrens.  The  rush  had  a  stimulating  effect 
upon  business  all  along  the  route,  as  all  such  mi 

One  of  the  principal  progressive  movements  of  the 
year  was  that  which  resulted  in  the  construction  of 
tramway  at  a  site  between  Kamiah  and  Greer  for  the 
purpose"  of  facilitating  the  marketing  of  wheat  and 
other  cereals  raised  on  the  heights  far  above  the  rail- 
road track.  The  farmers  of  Nez  Perces  prairie 
banded  themselves  together  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
structing this  much  needed  improvement,  formed  a 
stock  company,  looked  up  a  suitable  site,  let  the  con- 
tract for  furnishing  a  cable,  buckets  and  other  ap- 
paratus to  a  San  Francisco  firm  and  set  vigorous' 
about  the  work  of  installing  the  somewhat  expensi 
plant.  They  had,  in  their  efforts,  the  encourageme 
of  both  the"  grain  handling  firms  of  Lewiston,  which 
took  large  blocks  of  the  stock,  while  the  railway  com- 
pany put  in  a  side  track  for  their  accommodation. 
The"  cable  used  is  an  endless  coil  of  steel  wires  13,200 
feet  long,  suspended  on  rollers  and  carrying  a  thou- 
sand steel  cages  or  buckets.  The  power"  is  furnished 
by  a  large  stationary  engine  upon  the  heights  above. 

During  the  closing  month  of  the  year  agitation 
for  the  formation  of  Clearwater  county  was  revived. 
Orofino  gave  inception  to  the  struggle"  by  circulating 
a  petition  for  the  formation  of  a  new  county  with 
such  boundaries  that  it  would  be  the  logical  county 
seat.  Nez  Perces  at  once  took  up  the  gauntlet  by  cir- 
culating a  petition  praying  for  a  new  county  to  include 
all  of  southern  Shoshone  county,  part  of  the  Potlatch 
and  a  strip  off  Nez  Perces  prairie.  This  action  was 
taken  not  so  much  that  the  people  desired  a  change  of 
county  affiliations  as  that  they  desired  above  all  things 
to  defeat  the  Orofino  measure.  Representative-elect 
C.  D.  Thomas,  of  Nezperce,  stated  the  position  of  ,| 
his  home  town  in  the  following  language : 

"The  people  of  Nezperce  are  perfectly  satisfied 
with  their  present  county  affiliations  but  if  a  division 
is  inevitable,  they  believe  in  dividing  the  county  in 
the  right  way.  The  petition  we  have  prepared  and 
which  is  being  circulated,  has  now  been  signed  by 
every  man  save  one  in  Nezperce  city,  and  by  every- 
one in  the  adjacent  country  to  whom  it  has  been  pre- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


97 


sented.  We  have  no  intention  of  establishing  a  new 
county  on  the  lines  mentioned  in  the  petition,  but 
the  people  of  Nezperce  have  discovered  that  Lewis- 
ton  had  concluded  to  permit  the  organization  of 
Clearwater  county  without  opposition  so  long  as  only 
a  small  strip  of  Nez  Perces  county  was  taken,  and 
we  have  concluded  to  give  them  the  alternative  of 
either  fighting  against  the  taking  of  any  of  the  old 
county  to  create  Clearwater  county  or  to  submit  to 
the  dismemberment  of  the  county  on  rational  lines. 
In  preparing  our  petition  we  endeavored  to  arrange 
fer  a  county  with  boundaries  drawn  on  geographical 
lines,  following  the  water  courses  wherever  possi- 
ble, and  in  our  petition  we  make  no  attempt  to  decide 
the  matter  of  the  location  of  a  county  seat." 

The  matter  was  brought  up  in  the  legislature  by 
the  introduction,  by  Representative  Greer,  of  Sho- 
shone  county,  of  a  bill  creating  Clearwater  county  out 
of  Shoshone  and  Nez  Perces  counties  with  Orofino 
as  county  seat  until  the  general  election  of  1904,  when 
the  voters  were  to  select  the  permanent  county  seat. 
The  technical  description  of  the  boundaries  of  the 
new  political  division  was  as  follows: 

"Beginning  at  the  intersection  of  the  northern 
boundary  line  of  township  41,  range  I  east,  of  the 
Boise  meridian,  with  the  western  boundary  line  of 
Shoshone  county ;  thence  due  east  along  the  northern 
boundary  line  of  said  township  41  and  continuing 
due  east  to  the  boundary  line  between  the  states  of 
Idaho  and  Montana;  thence  in  a  southeasterly  direc- 
tion along  the  boundary  line  between  the  states  of 
Idaho  and  Montana  to  its  intersection  with  the  pres- 
ent southern  boundary  line  of  Shoshone  county; 
thence  in  a  westerly  direction  along  the  present  south- 
ern boundary  line  of  Shoshone  county  to  where  the 
same  intersects  with  the  center  of  the  channel  of  the 
Clearwater  river;  thence  up  the  center  of  the  main 
channel  of  the  Clearwater  river  to  the  mouth  of  Law- 


yer's creek,  being  the  present  boundary  line  between 
the  counties  of  Nez  Perces  and  Idaho;  thence  in  a 
westerly  direction  up  the  center  of  the  main  channel 
of  Lawyer's  creek,  being  the  present  northern  bound- 
ary line  of  Idaho  county,  to  its  intersection  with  the 
Boise  meridian;  thence  north  along  the  Boise  merid- 
ian to  its  intersection  with  the  southern  boundary 
line  of  township  35,  range  i  west,  of  Boise  meridian ; 
thence  west  along  the  southern  boundary  line  of  said 
township  to  the  southwest  corner  thereof;  thence 
north  along  the  western  boundary  line  of  townships 
35>  36,  37.  38  to  the  present  southern  boundary  line 
of  Latah  county ;  thence  east  along  the  present  south- 
ern boundary  line  of  Latah  county  to  the  southeast 
corner  of  said  county;  thence  north  along  the  present 
boundary  line  between  the  counties  of  Shoshone  and 
Latah  and  Shoshone  and  Kootenai  to  the  place  of 
beginning." 

February  gth  of  the  current  year,  while  this  bill 
was  yet  in  the  hands  of  the  committee,  its  author, 
Greer  of  Shoshone,  asked  the  unanimous  consent  of 
the  house  to  withdraw  it,  stating  that  he  desired  to 
press  the  measure  in  the  future.  The  consent  asked 
for  was  given,  but  a  storm  was  raised  later  when  an- 
other bill  was  introduced  providing  that  the  people 
residing  within  the  proposed  new  county  should  have 
the  right  to  vote  on  the  question  as  to  whether  or  not 
they  desired  political  segregation,  in  the  election  of 
1904.  The  boundaries  prescribed  by  this  measure 
included  a  portion  of  Idaho  county  also.  The  new 
act,  known  as  house  bill  No.  115,  was  referred  to  the 
appropriate  committee,  which  returned  a  majority 
report  against  the  measure  and  a  minority  report 
favoring  it.  February  i/th,  on  motion  of  Moore  of 
Idaho  county,  action  on  the  bill  was  indefinitely  post- 
poned by  a  vote  of  30  to  16,  effectually  putting  at  rest 
all  danger  of  loss  of  territory  by  any  of  the  existing 
counties  at  this  session  of  the  legislature. 


CHAPTER  II. 


Section  2  of  th 
county,  passed  by 
ington    territory   December   20,    18 
J.  M.  Van  Valsah  be  appointed  C 
Creacy,    Whitfield    Kirtly   and 
pointed     County     Commissioners; 
Sheriff  ;  and  —  -  Justice  of  the  P 
county,  until  the  next  general  election." 
known,  however,  the  year  1862  witnessed  a  st 


POLITICAL. 


the  organic  act  creating  Nez 
y  the  legislative  assembly  of 


of  tens  of  thousands  to  north  Idaho,  and  it 


Perces 
Wash- 

1,  enacted   "That 
unty  Auditor;  A. 
—   be    ap- 
Sanford    Owens, 
for  said 
is  well 
pede 


s  quite 


natural  that  there  should  be  among  this  vast  horde  of 
gold  seekers  hundreds  of  desperadoes  and  lawless 
men — men  who  cared  not  whether  there  was  a  court- 
house within  a  thousand  miles  of  their  camps  and 
against  whom  it  would  have  been  a  very  dangerous 
proceeding  to  enforce  the  laws.  In  the  mad  struggle 
for  the  possession  of  gold  the  slow  machinery  of 
the  law  was  seldom,  if  ever,  invoked.  Civil  govern- 
ment occupied  no  place  in  these  miners'  thoughts. 
The  reign  of  gold  was  supreme.  Under  such  condi- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  contrary  were  shunned  and  if,  perchance,  the  of- 
fices were  filled  by  appointment,  the  appointees  eluded 
duty  by  failing  to  qualify. 

For  these  reasons  it  is  highly  improbable  that  the 
above  named  officers  ever  served  and  we  are  strength- 
ened in  the  belief  that  they  did  not  by  failing  to  find, 
by  inquiries  among  those  who  were  here  at  the  time, 
any  account  of  such  service.  Then  during  the  win- 
ter of  1862-3  the  agitation  in  favor  of  creating  out 
of  this  region  a  new  territory  resulted  favorably,  a 
territorial  government  was  organized,  and  this  change 
naturally  disturbed  local  affairs. 

Thus  it  is  not  until  the  summer  of  1863  that  we 
find  a  local  system  of  government  in  actual  operation. 
Immediately  after  Governor  Wallace  arrived  here,  in 
July,  1863,  he  proceeded  to  appoint  the  following  of- 
ficers to  serve  in  Nez  Perces  county :  Sheriff,  John 
Cassidy;  county  clerk,  E.  C.  Mayhew;  assistant  clerk, 
S.  Alexander;  treasurer,  Cris.  Taylor;  commission- 
ers, B.  C.  Stevens,  A.  B.  Brower,  of  Lewiston,  and 
David  Reese,  of  Elk  City:  prosecuting  attorney,  E. 
F.  Gray;  surveyor,  J.  B."  Buker;  probate  judge,  D. 
J.  Warner;  justices  of  the  peace,  E.  S.  Sprague  and 
Silas  B.  Cochran,  Lewiston,  Thomas  M.  Pomeroy, 
Elk  City.  The  offices  of  probate  judge  and  surveyor 
were  purely  honorary  for  some  time.  Who  the  first 
county  assessor  was  cannot  be  learned.  A  majority 
of  these  men  were  Republicans.  In  response  to  the 
proclamation  of  Governor  Wallace  calling  for  an  elec- 
tion to  be  held  October  jist,  at  which  representatives 
to  the  first  legislature  should  be  elected,  Nez  Perces 
county  elected  E.  B.  Waterbury  to  the  council  and  L. 
Bacon  as  its  representative  in  the  house.  The  rec- 
ords show  that  at  this  election  Nez  Perces  county 
cast  208  votes  for  William  H.  Wallace  for  delegate 
to  congress  and  159  votes  for  his  Democratic  op- 
ponent, John  M.  Cannady.  The  story  is  told  that 
when  the  early  returns  of  this  election  came  in  Gov- 
ernor Wallace's  friends  saw  that  he  was  sure  to  be 
defeated  by  a  large  majority,  and  in  order  to  save  the 
territory  to  Republicanism,  United  States  Marshal 
Payne  was  sent  to  bring  in  the  books  from  the  out- 
lying precincts.  Wyoming  and  Montana  were  then 
a  portion  of  Idaho.  Payne  crossed  the  Clearwater 
river  at  Lewiston  and  started  on  his  mission.  He 
was  gone  several  days  and  when  he  returned  he 
brought  back  votes  enough  for  Wallace  to  elect  him. 
The  boundaries  of  Idaho  were  not  very  clearly  defined 
in  those  days,  and  whether  the  election  returns 
brought  in  by  Payne  were  bona  fide  or  not  is  ques- 
tionable. At  the  time  this  was  regarded  as  a  shrewd 
maneuver  and  the  story  treated  as  a  huge  joke,  but 
now  the  legality  of  Wallace's  election  is  questioned  by 
not  a  few. 

When  Governor  Wallace  deputized  Hill  Beachey 
to  pursue  the  murderers  of  Lloyd  Magruder  and 
party,  late  in  the  fall  of  1863,  it  "is  said  that  Sheriff 
Cassidy  resigned  because  he  considered  the  act  as  a 
slight  upon  his  official  prestige.  At  any  rate,  he  re- 
signed and  Governor  Wallace  appointed  James  H. 
Fisk  in  his  stead. 


Pursuant  to  a  notice  of  a  special  meeting,  the 
board  of  county  commissioners  assembled  at  Lewis- 
ton,  the  county  seat  of  Nez  Perces  county,  on  the  5th 
day  of  October,  1863.  Commissioners  B.  C.  Stevens 
and  A.  B.  Brower  were  present,  as  also  Clerk  May- 
hew.  The  first  business  to  come  before  the  board  was 
the  appointment  of  a  county  treasurer  to  fill  the  va- 
cancy then  existing.  F.  H.  Simmons  was  appointed 
and  gave  bonds  in  the  sum  of  85,000.  At  the  meeting 
of  the  board  on  the  7th  a  petition  signed  by  thirty- 
four  citizens,  asking  for  the  erection  of  a  county  jail, 
was  received.  The  board  decided  to  submit,  at  the 
election  to  be  held  on  October  3ist,  a  proposition  to 
the  voters  calling  for  the  levy  of  a  special  $3,000  tax 
for  the  purpose  of  building  a  courthouse  and  jail. 
At  this  meeting  the  assessment  roll  was  presented  and 
showed  that  there  were  $248,303.75  worth  of  taxable 
property  in  the  county.  On  this  basis  a  tax  of  one 
mill  was  levied  for  territorial  purposes,  two  mills  for 
school  purposes  and  four  mills  for  county  purposes. 
The  ex-county  treasurer  presented  his  report  also  at 
this  meeting.  The  receipts  up  to  October  5th  amount- 
ed to  $1,466,  $1,200  of  which  was  from  600  polls,  and 
the  county's  indebtedness  was  nearly  $1,700. 

The  vote  on  the  question  of  erecting  county  build- 
ings having  been  in  the  affirmative,  on  November  i8th 
the  board  ordered  that  a  suitable  house  be  procured 
for  use  as  a  temporary  jail  until  the  new  building 
could  be  erected.  A  prize  of  ten  dollars  was  offered 
to  the  person  suggesting  the  best  plan  of  construction. 
The  new  courthouse  was  never  built,  however,  differ- 
ent buildings  being  rented  from  time  to  time  until  the 
purchase  of  the  old  Jaggers  cabin  on  Front  street. 

The  board  held  its  first  regular  meeting  April  4, 
1864,  in  compliance  with  the  laws  enacted  by  the  first 
legislative  assembly,  the  same  officers  as  formerly  be- 
ing present.  It  appearing  that  all  of  the  county  of- 
ficers, with  the  exception  of  the  county  commission- 
ers, had  been  illegally  appointed,  the  offices  were  de- 
clared vacant  and  the  following  appointments  made: 
Probate  judge,  John  G.  Berry;  clerk,  E.  C.  Mayhew; 
sheriff,  James  H.  Fisk:  assessor,  S.  R.  Howlett ;  re- 
corder, E.  C.  Mayhew;  surveyor,  E.  F.  Gray;  super- 
intendent of  schools,  L.  C.  Fitch;  justices  of  the 
peace.  Lewiston  precinct,  S.  E.  Darnes,  Elk  City  pre- 
cinct, Thomas  M.  Pomeroy;  constables,  Lewiston 
precinct,  Thomas  J.  Patterson,  Elk  City  precinct, 
Robert  Hunt. 

As  is  usually  the  case  in  communities  which  derive 
their  support  almost  entirely  from  the  mining  indus- 
try, Nez  Perces's  population  was  constantly  shifting 
from  one  place  to  another  and  was  very  unstable. 
From  time  to  time  county  officers  resigned,  and 
changes  were  going  on  constantly.  Thus  we  see 
that  in  June  the  commissioners  were  A.  B.  Brower, 
W.  Leonard  and  A.  B.  Downer,  the  last  two  being 
recent  appointees ;  that  C.  C.  Chamberlain  has  become 
sheriff;  that  Warren  A.  Belcher  has  tendered  his 
resignation  as  treasurer  and  that  W.  W.  Thompson 
is  appointed  in  his  place.  Later,  in  July,  S.  R.  How- 
lett resigned  as  assessor  and  at  this  same  session  Dr. 
Robert  Newell  was  appointed  school  superintendent. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  Newell  declined  the  position  and  S.  M.  Wait  was 
appointed  to  serve  until  the  newly  elected  corps  of 
officers  took  their  places  the  first  of  the  year. 

Preparatory  to  the  county's  first  election,  at  the 
July  term,  the  board  established  the  following  pre- 
cincts:  Lewiston,  Elk  City,  Clearwater  Station, 
Newsome  Creek,  Taylor's  Bridge,  Long  Bar,  Was- 
shilla  Creek  and  Wixson's.  At  this  term  also  B.  F. 
Lamkin  was  authorized  to  construct,  at  a  cost  not  to 
exceed  $600,  two  cells  for  jail  purposes  in  the  old 
vegetable  market  on  First  street.  The  first  action 
taken  toward  the  establishment  of  county  roads  was 
taken  at  this  term  also,  when  the  road  between  Her- 
sey's  mountain  house  and  Elk  City  was  declared  a 
public  highway  and  Samuel  Gilman  was  appointed 
road  supervisor.  At  the  same  time  S.  M.  Wait  was 
appointed  road  supervisor  of  the  Lewiston  district. 
From  time  to  time  the  board  granted  ferry,  and  toll 
road  licenses,  but  as  the  establishment  of  these  differ- 
ent enterprises  has  been  fully  dealt  with  in  another 
chapter  we  will  not  stop  to  enumerate  them  here. 

From  the  court  records  we  see  that  at  the  election 
held  in  the  fall  of  1864  the  following  were  the  first  reg- 
ularly elected  officers  of  Nez  Perces  county:  A.  B. 
Brower,  Loyal  P.  Brown  and  P.  W.  Bell,  commis- 
sioners; E.  S.  Sprague,  probate  judge;  W.  W. 
Thompson,  treasurer;  S.  S.  Stiles,  clerk  and  record- 
er; James  Fisk,  sheriff;  L.  W.  Bacon,  assessor;  rep- 
resentative to  the  legislative  assembly,  George 
Zeigle,  Republican,  and  T.  M.  Reed,  Democrat ;  mem- 
ber of  the  legislative  council,  E.  B.  Waterbury,  Dem- 
ocrat. The  report  of  the  teritorial  canvassing  board 
shows  that  Nez  Perces  county  cast  ^37  votes  for 
Samuel  E.  Parks,  Republican,  and  237  votes  for  E. 
D.  Holbrook,  Democrat,  candidates  for  the  honor  of 
representing  Idaho  in  congress.  The  honors  were 
divided  about  equally  between  Democrats  and  Re- 
publicans. Subsequently  J.  K.  Vincent  succeeded 
Fisk  as  sheriff,  the  latter  failing  to  file  his  bond,  I. 
C.  Purcell  became  probate  judge,  and  Phillip  Streeter 
was  appointed  assessor. 

Pursuant  to  law  the  district  court  for  the  first 
district  of  Idaho  territory  convened  at  Lewiston  on 
January  4,  1864.  Alleck'C.  Smith,  the  regularly  ap- 
pointed judge  of  this  district,  was  unable  to  be 'pres- 
ent, and  at  the  request  of  Acting  Governor  Daniels, 
Samuel  C.  Parks,  of  the  second  district,  presided  dur- 
ing the  term.  The  Magruder  murder  case  was  the 
first  and  only  case  of  importance  to  come  before  the 
first  session  of  court  in  north  Idaho,  and  as  this  case 
has  been  fully  dealt  with  elsewhere  we  will  pass  im- 
mediately to  the  election  of  1866. 

The  election  of  1866  was  a  spirited  one  and  re- 
sulted in  a  slight  Democratic  victory.  During  the 
'sixties  the  tendency  of  the  people  was  to  spend  the 
easily  acquired  gold  lavishly,  and  this  tendency  ob- 
tained even  among  office  holders.  Consequently  the 
party  in  power  was  usually  open  to  the  charge  of  ex- 
travagance, and  anti-extravagance  became  the  slogan 
of  both  parties.  For  this  reason  the  Republicans  and 
Democrats  for  many  years  held  power  alternately. 
J.  W.  Eastman,  Republican,  James"  Hays,  Democrat, 


and  Aurora  Shumway,  Democrat,  were  elected  com- 
missioners in  1866;  John  G.  Berry,  Democrat,  de- 
feated James  H.  Fisk  for  the  shrievalty,  this  contest 
being  the  leading  one  of  the  campaign;  S.  S.  Stiles, 
Republican,  was  elected  clerk  and  recorder  for  a  sec- 
ond term ;  H.  O.  Adams,  Republican,  was  elected  pro- 
bate judge;  W.  W.  Thayer,  Democrat  (later  gov- 
ernor of  Oregon),  was  the  choice  of  the  majority  for 
prosecuting  attorney;  James  Henderson,  Democrat, 
received  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  for  the  office  of 
treasurer;  and  P.  Streeter,  Republican,  was  chosen 
county  assessor.  Henderson  served  only  a  short  time 
and  was  succeeded  by  M.  A.  Kelly.  The  following 
June,  John  Clark  took  up  the  duties  of  assessor,  vice 
P.  Streeter.  In  1865  the  law  relative  to  the  election 
of  members  of  the  legislative  assembly  was  changed 
and  an  election  was  held.  In  Nez  Perces  county  the 
election  resulted  in  the  choice  of  L.  P.  Brown,  Repub- 
lican, as  a  member  of  the  council,  and  Joseph  Mor- 
ris and  James  Hays,  Democrats,  as  members  of  the 
house.  The  election  of  1866  returned  Councilman 
Brown  and  resulted  in  the  choice  of  J.  S.  Taylor, 
Democrat,  as  Nez  Perces'  member  of  the  house. 
For  delegate  to  congress  J.  M.  Kirkpatrick,  Repub- 
lican, received  230  votes  and  E.  D.  Holbrook,  Demo- 
crat, 155  votes  in  Nez  Perces  county. 

The  Democrats  succeeded  in  capturing  every  office 
but  one  in  1868,  James  Crooks,  county  commissioner, 
being  the  only  Republican  elected.  The  officers 
elected  were:  Councilman,  J.  S.  Taylor;  members 
house  of  representatives,  E.  W.  Bell  and  J.  G.  Zeigle ; 
sheriff,  John  G.  Berry;  probate  judge,  Alonzo  Gil- 
man; clerk,  James  Witt;  recorder,  Robert  McPher- 
son,  succeeded  shortly  afterwards  by  C.  G.  Kress; 
treasurer,  M.  A.  Kelly;  commissioners,  James  Crooks, 
Aurora  Shumway.  j.  T.  Schissler;  prosecuting  at- 
torney, S.  S.  Fenn;  assessor,  D.  H.  Howser.  The 
vote  for  delegate  was:  James  K.  Shafer,  Democrat, 
106,  Thomas  J.  Butler,  Republican,  161. 

In  1870  T.  J.  Bunktr,  Republican,  was  elected 
sheriff;  T.  H.  Worden,  Republican,  treasurer;  John 
Brearley,  Republican,  recorder  and  auditor;  F.  B. 
King,  Republican,  assessor;  C.  A.  Thatcher,  Republi- 
can, clerk  ;  H.  O.  Adams,  probate  judge  ;  J.  M.  Crooks, 
J.  T.  Silverwood,  Republican,  Joseph  Schissler,  Dem- 
ocrat, commissioners ;"  John  Clark,  Republican,  district 
attorney ;  C.  C.  Call,  Democrat,  councilman,  and  J.  P. 
Silverwood,  and  H.  H.  Wheeler,  Republicans,  mem- 
bers of  the  house.  In  this  county  S.  A.  Merritt,  Dem- 
ocrat, received  166  votes  and  T.  J.  Butler,  Republican, 
[50  votes  for  delegate  to  congress. 

The  following  campaign  witnessed  the  first  clash 
between  those  who  favored  the  annexation  of  north 
Idaho  to  Washington  and  those  who  were  opposed. 
For  some  time  past  the  segregation  sentiment  had 
bec-n  gaining  strength  in  this  portion  of  the  territory, 
and  in  1872  it  became,  for  the  first  time,  a  strong 
factor  in  the  politics  of  this  region.  The  spark 
formerly  kindled  spread  so  rapidly  that  ere  many  years 
the  whole  of  north  Idaho  \vas  abla/c  with  the  idea 
and  all  opposition  was  completely  consumed.  The 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Democratic  count)-  convention  met  in  March  and  the 
Republicans  the  'month  following  and  placed  their 
respective  tickets  in  the  field.  The  Republicans  were 
victorious  except  where  offices  directly  affecting  the 
annexation  proposition  were  concerned,  and  here  the 
opposition,  the  Democrats,  won  the  victory.  The 
official  result  of  this  election  is  given  below : 

For  delegate  to  congress,  John  Hailey,  Democrat, 
241  votes,  J.  W.  Huston,  Republican,  234  votes:  for 
councilman,  R.  E.  Miller,  Anti-Division  Democrat, 
301,  Colby  Collins,  Division  Republican,  154;  for  rep- 
resentatives, G.  W.  Tomer,  Anti-Division  Democrat, 
357,  S.  S.  Fenn,  Division  Democrat,  230,  J.  F.  Bush, 
Division  Republican,  67,  Hazen  Squier,  Anti-Divis- 
ion Republican,  152,  George  A.  Manning,  Independ- 
ent, 70:  for  district  attorney,  John  Clark,  Republi- 
can, 352,  James  W.  Poe,  Democrat,  121 ;  for  probate 
judge,  H.  O.  Adams,  Republican,  243,  Alexander 
Damas,  Democrat,  216;  for  sheriff,  D.  B.  Baldwin, 
Republican,  292,  D.  H.  Howser,  Democrat,  171 ;  for 
auditor,  Warren  P.  Hunt,  Republican,  284,  Frank 
Points,  Democrat,  179;  for  treasurer,  T.  H.  Worden, 
Republican,  294,  J.  W.  Denny,  Democrat,  156;  for  as- 
sessor, F.  B.  King,  Republican,  293,  L.  E.  Harris, 
Democrat,  168 :  for  superintendent  of  schools,  T.  S. 
Billings,  Republican,  352,  J.  P.  Vollmer,  Democrat, 
195;  for  commissioner,  W.  A.  Vandervort,  Demo- 
crat, 44;  J.  T.  Silverwood,  Republican,  16,  W.  O. 
Pearson,  Republican,  67,  T.  Anderson,  Democrat,  10; 
for  coroner,  W.  S.  Dyer," Republican,  250,  R.  J.  De- 
vine,  Democrat,  205 ;  for  surveyor,  Charles  Le  Fran- 
cois, Democrat,  218. 

The  official  vote  at  the  election  of  1874  is  missing, 
so  that  we  are  unable  to  present  anything  except  a 
roll  of  the  officers  elected,  which  follows:  Commis- 
sioners, D.  H.  Howser,  George  Dempster,  M.  M.  Will- 
iams, Democrats;  sheriff,  Ezra  Baird,  Democrat; 
clerk,  Warren  P.  Hunt,  Republican;  assessor,  W.  C. 
Pearson,  Republican;  treasurer,  H.  W.  Stainton, 
Democrat;  probate  judge,  John  G.  Berry,  Democrat; 
superintendent  of  schools,  T.  S.  Billings,  Republi- 
can; surveyor,  Edward  Hannegan,  Democrat;  coun- 
cilman, L.  P.  Brown,  Republican;  representatives, 
William  Groat  and  J.  C.  Waldrip,  Republicans.  John 
Clark,  Republican,  was  elected  district  attorney.  For 
delegate  to  congress,  S.  S.  Fenn,  Democrat,  received 
423  votes  and  his  opponent,  T.  W.  Bennett,  Repub- 
lican, 87. 

The  year  1876  witnessed  another  Democratic  vic- 
tory, only  one  Republican  being  elected,  D.  J.  Warner 
as  probate  judge.  W.  G.  Langford  was  elected  as 
Nez  Perces'  representative  to  the  legislative  council 
and  Fred  Points  and  S.  B.  Edwards  as  this  county's 
representatives  in  the  house.  Ezra  Baird  was  re- 
elected  sheriff,  Thomas  Hudson  became  the  county's 
auditor  and  recorder,  A.  Binnard  was  elected  treas- 
urer, J.  W.  Northrup  was  victorious  in  the  contest 
for  assessor  and  William  Ewing,  J.  M.  Curry  and 
N.  B.  Holbrook  were  chosen  county  commissioners. 
Nez  Perces  county  cast  176  votes  for  S.  S.  Fenn,  who 
was  again  the  Democratic  party's  nominee  for  dele- 


and  115  votes  for  the  Republican  r 


:,  John 


An  interesting  feature  of  the  campaign  of  1878 
was  the  vote  taken  in  northern  Idaho  on  the  state 
constitution  adopted  by  the  territory  of  Washington 
in  anticipation  of  early  statehood.  North  Idaho, 
which  had  now  become  so  thoroughly  imbued  with 
the  idea  of  being  annexed  to  Washington  as  to  almost 
consider  itself  a  part  of  that  territory,  sent  a  delegate 
to  this  constitutional  convention  in  the  person  of 
Alonzo  Leland,  the  acknowledged  head  of  the  annex- 

mittecl  to  the  voters  of  the  northern  counties  at  the 
election  in  the  fall  of  1878,  and  in  Nez  Perces  county 
only  13  votes  were  cast  against  it,  485  voting  for  it. 
Political  honors  were  about  equally  shared  by  the 
Democrats  and  Republicans,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
following  official  canvass  of  the  vote : 

For  delegate,  George  Ainslee,  Democrat,  312, 
Jonas  W.  Brown,  Republican,  306;  district  attorney, 
James  W.  Poe,  Democrat,  309;  councilman,  Frank 
Points,  Democrat,  283,  G.  A.  Manning,  Republican, 
327;  representatives,  J.  J.  Bonner  and  A.  A.  Lieual- 
len,  Democrats,  358  and  204  votes,  respectively,  Will- 
iam King  and  H.  McGregor,  Republicans,  306  and 
232  votes,  respectively;  probate  judge,  D.  J.  Warner, 
Republican,  364,  Thomas  Hudson,  Democrat,  262; 
commissioners,  William  Ewing,  N.  B.  Holbrook,  O. 
H.  P.  Beagle,  Democrats,  365,  368  and  266  votes,  re- 
spectively, S.  C.  Hale,  J.  M.  Greenstreet,  E.  Fix,  Re- 
publicans, 335,  267  and  276  votes,  respectively;  sheriff, 
Ezra  Baird,  Democrat,  381,  L.  B.  Boise,  Republican, 
249 ;  auditor  and  recorder,  D.  W.  C.  Dunwell,  Demo- 
crat, 191,  J.  H.  Evans,  Republican,  417,  J.  K.  Vin- 
cent, Independent,  19;  treasurer,  Abraham  Binnard, 
Democrat,  274,  Hazen  Spuier,  Republican,  352;  as- 
sessor, J.  H.  Irvine,  Democrat,  317,  H.  W.  Howard, 
Republican,  315 ;  surveyor,  Bart.  Nymeyer,  Democrat, 
361,  Alfred  Colburn,  Republican,  266 ;' coroner,  Rob- 
ert Grostein,  Democrat,  13,  C.  P.  Howell,  Independ- 
ent, 7,  J.  Sullivan,  Republican.  3. 

Southern  Idaho  controlled  the  territorial  conven- 
tion held  in  1880,  and  as  that  section  was  decidedly 
opposed  to  the  segregation  of  the  north,  anti-annexa- 
tion planks  were  inserted  in  both  the  Democratic  and" 
Republican  platforms.  The  north  was  so  heartily  in 
favor  of  annexation  that  it  disregarded  party  affilia- 
tions and  joined  the  extreme  southeastern  part  of  the 
territory  in  nominating  Ex-Governor  Brayman  for 
delegate.  Brayman  had  openly  announced  his  en- 
dorsement of  the  scheme  to  annex  northern  Idaho  to 
Washington,  and  it  was  on  this  platform  that  he  was 
nominated.  He  received  the  almost  solid  vote  of  the 
north,  the  vote  in  Nez  Perces  county  being.  Brayman, 
568,  Ainslie,  Democrat,  129,  and  Smith,  Republican, 
5.  The  complete  official  vote  for  the  other  officers  in 
this  county  was  as  follows : 

For  district  attorney,  Quakenbush,  Republican, 
390,  Maxwell,  Democrat,  301  ;  councilman,  James  W. 
Poe,  Democrat,  682 ;  joint  councilman,  I.  B.  Cowen,  of 
Shoshone,  Republican,  698;  assemblymen,  William 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


King,  I.  N.  Hibbs,  J.  M.  Hedrick,  Republicans,  212, 
358  and  410  votes  respectively,  S.  J.  Langdon,  J.  H. 
Irvine,  W.  C.  Cooper,  Democrats,  398,  354  and  326 
votes,  respectively;  probate  judge,  P.  Grigsby,  Dem- 
ocrat, 354,  D.  J.  Warner,  Republican,  347;  sheriff, 
N.  B.  Holbrook,  Democrat,  365,  L.  B.  Boise,  Repub- 
lican, 334:  treasurer,  N.  Hale,  Democrat,  352,  C.  E. 
Monteith,  Republican,  351;  auditor  and  recorder,  J. 
H.  Evans,  Republican,  420,  H.  Payne,  Democrat,  286 ; 
assessor,  H.  W.  Howard,  Republican,  409,  J.  W. 
Northrup,  Democrat,  290;  commissioners,  S.  C.  Hale, 
William  Evans,  Frank  McCarrick,  Republicans,  429, 
354  and  281  votes,  respectively,  D.  Spurbeck,  G.  B. 
Christie.  J.  N.  Lindsay,  Democrats,  312,  308  and  406 
votes,  respectively;  surveyor,  William  Bell,  Republi- 
can, 314,  B.  Nymeyer,'  Democrat,  385.  Ainslie  was 
elected  delegate.  The  defeat  of  Brayman,  though  not 
unexpected,  greatly  chagrined  the  north.  Neverthe- 
less, it  showed  the  annexationists  their  true  strength. 

Late  in  the  summer  of  1882  a  call  was  issued  for 
an  independent  north  Idaho  convention  to  be  held  at 
Lewiston  October  nth  for  the  purpose  of  nominating 
an  independent  candidate  for  congress  as  against 
either  of  the  regular  party  nominees,  Ainslie,  Demo- 
crat, and  Theodore  F.  Singiser,  Republican,  both  of 
whom  were  supposed  to  be  inimical  to  annexation. 
However,  before  the  convention  assembled,  Singiser 
announced  that  he  would  support  annexation  and 
made  a  campaign  in  northern  Idaho  on  that  platform. 
This  course,  a  shrewd  political  move,  resulted  in  the 
independents  giving  him  their  endorsement.  When 
the  votes  were  counted  it  was  found  that  Singiser  had 
received  1,060  of  the  1,100  votes  cast  in  Nez  Perces 
county,  an  overwhelming  expression  of  the  people's 
desire  for  annexation.  Singiser  was  victorious  in  the 
contest.  The  vote  for  county  officers  follows: 

For  councilman,  W.  S.  Taylor,  Republican,  541, 
D.  W.  C.  Dunwell,  Democrat,  517;  joint  councilman, 
I.  B.  Cowen,  Republican,  621,  B.  D.  Donaldson,  Dem- 
ocrat. 493;  assemblymen,  A.  Buchanan,  Wallis  Fee 
and  K.  Larson,  Republicans,  620,  424  and  664  votes, 
respectively,  J.  H.  Irvine,  Phillip  Grigsby  and  G.  W. 
Tomer,  Democrats,  484,  540  and  602  votes,  respect- 
ively ;  sheriff,  W.  D.  Robbins,  Republican,  499,  Ezra 
Baird,  Democrat,  627 :  auditor  and  recorder,  J.  H. 
Evans,  Republican,  599,  B.  A.  Nymeyer,  Democrat, 
531  ;  assessor,  L.  F.  Herbert,  Republican,  618,  W.  A. 
Calbreath,  Democrat,  516  treasurer,  George  Glass, 
Republican.  610,  P.  M.  Davis,  Democrat,  520;  pro- 
bate judge.  William  Wing,  Republican,  560,  I.  N. 
Maxwell,  Democrat,  553;  county  attorney,  A.  Quack- 
enbush,  Republican,  604,  J.  C.  Elder,  Democrat,  502 ; 
commissioners,  E.  W.  Cameron,  David  Nottman  and 
J.  A.  Lathrop.  Republicans,  665,  734  and  466  votes, 
respectively:  J.  B.  Menomy,  Virgil  Randall  and  D. 
Spurbeck,  Democrats,  378,  510  and  586,  respectively; 
surveyor,  A.  Colburn,  Republican,  569,  A.  T.  Beall, 
Democrat,  562.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Repub- 
licans won  an  overwhelming  victory  in  1882. 

So  rapidly  had  the  country  north  of  the  Clear- 
water  settled' since  the  first  influx  of  settlers  to  that 
region  in  1872  that  in  1883  the  northern  portion  of 


Nez  Perces  county  demanded  the  county  seat.  An 
enabling  act  was  passed  and  in  June,  1883,  a  special 
election  was  held  to  decide  the  permanent  location  of 
Nez  Perces'  county  seat.  There  were  only  two  can- 
didates, Lewiston  and  Moscow,  and  the  former  won  by 
a  majority  of  280,  the  vote  in  favor  of  retaining  the 
county  seat  at  Lewiston  being  922,  that  favoring  its 
removal  to  Moscow,  642. 

The  all-absorbing  issue  of  the  campaign  of  1884 
was,  like  that  of  1882,  the  annexation  problem.  John 
Hailey  was  nominated  as  delegate  by  the  Democrats 
and  T.  F.  Singiser  received  renomination  at  the 
hands  of  the  Republicans.  Hailey  was  understood  to 
represent  the  anti-annexation  faction  and  Singiser  the 
annexation  party.  Both  territorial  conventions 
adopted  resolutions  favoring  the  segregation  of  north 
Idaho,  but  it  was  generally  understood  that  south 
Idaho  opposed  it  so  that  the  fact  that  Hailey  was  an 
anti-annexationist  and  the  further  fact  that  the  policy 
of  the  Democratic  party  in  southern  Idaho  had  always 
been  opposed  to  annexation,  led  to  the  belief  that  the 
party  was  not  sincere  in  its  promises.  The  result 
was  that  Singiser  again  swept  the  north  by  over  700 
majority,  notwithstanding  the  great  popularity  of 
Hailey.  He  was,  however,  defeated  in  the  territory 
at  large.  The  detailed  vote  in  Nez  Perces  county  as 
gleaned  from  the  official  records  we  give  below : 

For  delegate,  Theodore  F.  Singiser,  Republican, 
799,  John  Hailey,  Democrat,  471,  William  S.  Taylor, 
27 ;  assemblymen,  S.  A.  Moon,  J.  P.  Quarles,  L.  P. 
Wilmot,  Republicans,  675,  802  and  684  votes,  respect- 
ively, W.  T.  McKern,  N.  Brocke  and  G.  W.  Tomer, 
Democrats,  690,  485  and  540  votes,  respectively; 
councilman,  S.  G.  Isaman,  Republican,  800,  R.  L. 
Yantis,  Democrat,  478;  joint  councilman,  S.  W. 
Aloody,  Republican,  840,  D.  W.  C.  Dunwell,  Demo- 
crat, 445 ;  district  attorney,  J.  W.  Parker,  Democrat, 
771,  E.  O'Neil,  Republican,  526;  probate  judge,  Will- 
iam Wing,  Republican,  775,' H.  B.  Blake,  Democrat, 
487:  sheriff,  E.  W.  Cameron,  Republican,  597,  Ezra 
Baird,  Democrat,  550,  R.  H.  Beeman,  Independent, 
131 ;  auditor  and  recorder,  Isaac  C.  Hattabaugh,  Dem- 
ocrat, 767,  George  M.  Wilson,  Republican,  529;  treas- 
urer,' George  Glass,  Republican,  624,  P.  M.  Davis, 
Democrat,  675 ;  assessor,  Albert  Fansler,  Republican, 
631,  S.  J.  Langdon,  Democrat,  668:  commissioners, 
D.  Nottman,  Jr.,  J.  M.  McGregor,  H.  L.  Coates,  Re- 
publicans. 797.  720  and  550  votes,  respectively,  Will- 
iam Ewing,  J.  B.  Menomy,  D.  Spurbeck,  Democrats, 
570,  489  and  687  votes,  respectively;  surveyor,  A. 
Colburn,  Republican,  6n.  Alfred  Beall,  Democrat, 
68 1 ;  coroner,  E.  A.  Sanders,  Republican,  733,  W.  B. 
Cooper,  Democrat,  547. 

The  annexation  question  was  again  the  main  issue 
in  1886,  and  both  county  conventions  passed  resolu- 
tions designating  it  such.  The  Mormon  question  first 
came  into  prominence  during  this  campaign,  the  Re- 
publicans taking  an  aggressive  stand  for  the  clisfran- 
chisement  of  all  polygamists.  Fred  T.  Dubois  was 
nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  delegate  and  was 
opposed  on  'the  Democratic  ticket  by  John  Hailey. 
Hailey's  failure  to  make  clearly  known  his  position 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


on  these  two  leading  questions  is  thought  by  many 
to  have  been  mainly  responsible  for  his  defeat.  Nez 
Perces  county's  political  character  seems  to  have  un- 
dergone a  radical  change  between  the  campaigns  of 
1884  and  1886,  as  the  Democrats  secured  a  majority 
of  the  offices  at  this  election  and  returned  a  majority 
for  Hailey-  with  the  understanding  that  he  repre- 
sented the  annexationists.  The  question  of  annexa- 
tion itself  was  submitted  to  the  people  of  north  Idaho 
and  in  Nez  Perces  county  received  1,675  affirmative 
and  only  28  negative  votes.  The  official  vote: 

Delegate,  John  Hailey,  Democrat,  985,  Fred  T. 
Dubois.  Republican,  68 1 ;  prosecuting  attorney,  W.  T. 
McKern,  Democrat,  810,  A.  Quackenbush,  Republi- 
can, 884;  councilman,  Charles  Watson,  Democrat, 
954,  J.  M.  Howe,  Republican,  740;  assemblymen,  A. 
S.  Chancy,  D.  F.  Mahana,  James  Dellaven,  Demo- 
crats, 922,  820  and  908  votes,  respectively,  W.  A. 
Elyea,  C.  L.  Kinman,  J.  I.  Mitcham,  Republicans, 
897,  734  and  753  votes,  respectively;  probate  judge, 
W.  M.  Rice,  Democrat,  893,  William  Wing,  Republi- 
can, 803;  sheriff,  S.  J.  Latigdon,  Democrat,  855;  L. 
Stannus,  Republican,  839;  auditor  and  recorder,  I. 
C.  Hattabaugh,  Democrat,  1,157,  Robert  Bruce,  Re- 
publican, 543 ;  treasurer,  P.  M.  Davis,  Democrat, 
920,  Richard  J.  Monroe,  Republican,  785 ;  assessor, 
James  Keane,  Democrat,  798,  F.  E.  Mix,  Republican, 
goo ;  superintendent  of  schools,  J.  W. '  Lieuallen,  Re- 
publican. 743,  T.  N.  Creekmur,  Democrat,  577;  sur- 
veyor, S.  L.  Campbell,  Republican,  1,008,  A.  T.  Beall, 
Democrat,  687;  commissioners,  C.  A.  Leeper,  Demo- 
crat, 271,  Robert  Ingraham,  Republican,  146,  H.  J. 
Bundy,  Democrat,  338,  H.  H.  Bangs,  Republican,  269, 
William  Ewing,  Democrat,  276,  J.  L.  Naylor,  Repub- 
lican, 367;  coroner,  W.  A.  Simpson,  Democrat,  851, 
H.  V.  Grubbe,  Republican,  829. 

In  1888,  for  the  last  time,  annexation  was  the 
principal  issue  before  the  people  of  this  territory,  for 
in  1890  Idaho,  including  the  panhandle,  became  a 
state.  In  the  north  Dubois  was  denounced  in  no 
uncertain  terms,  for  his  bitter  opposition  in  congress 
to  the  annexation  movement.  In  Nez  Perces  county 
both  the  Republican  and  Democratic  conventions 
passed  strong  resolutions  reiterating  their  belief  in  an- 
nexation. The  Republicans  drew  up  a  memorial  to 

ment  and  its  advantages  and  characterizing  Dubois's 
course  as  "unworthy  of  a  statesman  and  an  honora- 
ble man."  The  Democrats,  however,  in  the  resolu- 
tion next  following  one  favoring  annexation  endorsed 
James  H.  Hawley,  the  Democratic  nominee  and  an 
avowed  anti-annexationist.  Just  why  they  did  this  is 
not  apparent.  Perhaps  Hawley  had  made  promises  of 
remaining  neutral  on  the  annexation  question  should 
he  be  elected.  At  all  events  the  people  of  the  north 
were  dissatisfied  with  both  candidates  and  at  a  general 
convention  held  at  Moscow  Judge  Norman  Buck,  of 
Lewiston.  was  nominated  as  the  annexationists'  can- 
didate for  delegate.  Judge  Buck  accepted  the  nomi- 
nation a  few  days  before  the  election  took  place  and  in 
Latah  and  Nez  Perces  counties  received  more  votes 
than  did  Dubois  and  Hawley  together.  Kootenai,  Idaho 


and  Shoshone  gave  him  a  small  vote.  Dubois  cap- 
tured the  southern  vote,  however,  and  was  re-elected 
to  congress. 

The  names  of  the  victorious  candidates  in  Nez 
Perces  county  may  be  gleaned  from  the  official  can- 
vass below : 

For  delegate,  Norman  Buck,  Annexationist,  431, 
James  H.  Hawley,  Democrat,  155,  Fred  T.  Dubois, 
Republican  49,  councilman.  C.  A.  Leeper,  Democrat, 
522,  J.  W  .Brigham,  Rep.  81 ;  assemblymen,  J.  I.  Mitch- 
am,  Rep.,  588,  James  DeHaven,  Rep.,  595,  W.  L. 
Thompson,  Democrat,  591,  J.  H.  Irvine,  23 ;  district 
attorney,  I.  N.  Maxwell',' Democrat,  325,  J.  M.  Howe, 
Republican,  294;  probate  judge,  W.  M.  Rice,  Demo- 
crat. 334,  William  Wing,  Republican,  291 :  auditor 
and  recorder,  R.  P.  Mudge,  Republican,  353,  A.  W. 
Kroutinger,  Jr.,  Democrat,  253;  treasurer,  George 
Glass,  Republican,  382,  P.  M.  Davis,  Democrat,  241 ; 
sheriff,  L.  Stannus,  Republican,  313,  John  Bymaster, 
Democrat,  304;  assessor,  J.  Englis,  Republican,  361, 
William  Sigler,  Democrat,  266;  superintendent  of 
schools,  S.  G.  Isaman,  Republican,  316,  J.  Q.  Mox- 
ley,  Democrat,  310;  commissioners,  jasper  Rand, 
Democrat,  159,  D.  M.  White,  Republican,  154,  W.  J. 
Eakin,  Democrat,  53.  J.  L.  Goodnight,  Republican, 
49,  M.  S.  Freeman,  Republican,  142,  M.  L.  Ward, 
Democrat,  57;  surveyor,  W.  P.  Bell,  Republican.  381, 
S.  R.  Southwick,  Democrat  2;  coroner,  G.  H.  Lake, 
Republican,  332,  C.  H.  Payne,  Democrat,  284. 

The  act  creating  Latali  county  provided  that  that 
county  was  to  remain  in  the  same  district  as  Nez  Per- 
ces county  for  judicial  and  legislative  purposes  until 
the  legislature  should  direct  otherwise.  As  the  elec- 
tion took  place  before  the  next  meeting  of  the  legis- 
lative assembly,  the  citizens  of  Latah  and  Nez  Perces 
counties  were  left  in  a  quandary  as  to  how  to  pro- 
ceed. They  could  not  agree  and  so  four  legislative 
tickets  were  placed  in  the  field,  two  by  each  county. 
After  the  election  took  place  the  question  of  who  were 
and  who  were  not  entitled  to  seats  arose.  The  Latah 
nominees  received  a  majority  of  the  .votes  cast;  a  few 
votes  were  cast  in  Latah  county  for  Nez  Perces  nomi- 
nees and  vice  versa.  The  auditor  of  Latah  county  de- 
manded that  the  recorder  of  Nez  Perces  county  issue 
a  certificate  of  election  to  the  successful  candidate 
for  councilman  in  Latah  county.  This  request  was 
refused,  whereupon  the  applicant  applied  to  the 
courts  for  a  writ  of  mandamus.  The  court  granted 
an  alternative  writ  for  the  defendant  to  appear  and 
show  cause  why  a  writ  should  not  be  issued.  After 
several  brief  discussions  a  compromise  was  agreed 
upon  on  December  1st  and  accepted  by  both  parties. 
By  the  terms  of  this  compromise  J.  W.  Brigham,  of 
Latah  county,  was  given  a  certificate  of  election  as 
councilman  and  certificates  were  issued  to  A.  S. 
Chancy,  of  Latah,  and  to  James  DeHaven  and  J.  I. 
Mitcham,  of  Nez  Perces,  as  representatives. 

With  the  advent  of  statehood  in  1890  the  long- 
and  bitter  contest  between  the  north  and  south  over 
the  annexation  question  came  to  an  end  and  with  it 
the  issue  which  had  for  more  than  two  decades  rent 
each  political  party  asunder  and  caused  no  end  of  fac- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


10.3 


tional  fights.  With  statehood  came  a  closer  bond  be- 
tween the  two  sections.  The  first  state  election  was 
simply  a  contest  for  supremacy  between  the  two  great 
parties  and  national  policies  were  the  issue.  The  Re- 
publicans were  victorious,  the  state  majority  being 
between  2,000  and  2,500. 

A  feature  of  the  campaign  in  Nez  Perces  county 
was  the  deadlock  which  occurred  in  the  Democratic 
district  convention,  composed  of  delegates  from  Lat- 
ah,  Idaho  and  Nez  Perces  counties.  The  delegates 
were  unable  to  agree  upon  the  nominations  for  dis- 
trict attorney  and  the  district  judgeship..  Finally,  af- 
ter sixty-eight  ballots  had  been  taken  without  a  nom- 
ination, a  compromise  was  effected  and  J.  H.  For- 
ney, of  Idaho  county,  was  awarded  the  nomination  for 
district  attorney,  J.  W.  Poe,  of  Nez  Perces,  the  nom- 
ination for  district  judge  and  the  legislative  offices 
were  diveded  between  the  three  counties.  The  elec- 
tion in  this  county  was  a  closely  contested  on  as  will 
be  seen  from  the  appended  official  vote : 

For  congressman,  Willis  Sweet,  Republican,  367, 
Alexander  E.  Mayhew,  Democrat,  330 ;  governor, 
George  L.  Shoup,  Republican,  370,  Benjamin  Wilson, 
Democrat,  327;  lieutenant  governor,  Norman  B. 
Willey,  Republican,  378,  Samuel  F.  Taylor,  Demo- 
crat, 322;  secretary  of  state,  A.  J.  Pinkham,  Repub- 
lican, 378,  A.  E.  Sherwin,  Democrat,  331 ;  auditor, 
Silas  Moody,  Republican,  367,  James  H.  Wickersham, 
Democrat,  331 ;  treasurer,  Frank  R.  Coffin,  Republi- 
can, 372,  Timothy  Regan,  Democrat,  326;  attorney 
general,  George  H.  Roberts,  Republican,  362,  Rich- 
ard Z.  Johnson,  Democrat,  335 ;  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  J.  E.  Harroun,  Republican,  343, 
Madison  A.  Kelly,  Democrat,  349;  justices  supreme 
court,  J.  W.  Huston,  John  T.  Morgan,  J.  M.  Sullivan, 
Republicans,  373,  367  and  339  votes  respectively, 
Henry  W.  Weir,  Frank  E.  Ensign,  Isaac  N.  Max- 
well, Democrats,  324,  329  and  347  votes  respectively; 
judge,  second  district,  W.  G.  Piper,  Republican,  286, 
James  W.  Poe,  Democrat,  409;  district  attorney,  E. 
O'Neill,  Republican,  350,  J.  H.  Forney,  Democrat, 
343;  senator,  third  district,  I.  S.  Weiler,  Republi- 
can, 381,  C.  W.  Case,  Democrat,  310;  senator,  fourth 
district,  William  Wing,  Republican,  374,  Barney  Ro- 
hen  Kohl,  Democrat,  320;  representative,  I.  S. 
Sperry,  Republican,  351,  J.  B.  Morris,  Democrat,  335; 
joint  representative  with  Idaho  county,  J.  L.  Good- 
night, Republican.  369,  Ezra  Baird.  Democrat,  321 ; 
county  clerk,  H.  K.  Barnett,  Republican,  376,  W.  M. 
Rice,  Democrat,  314;  sheriff,  M.  S.  Freeman,  Re- 
publican, 317,  Joseph  Eakin,  Democrat,  363;  treas- 
urer, George  Glass,  Republican,  313,  D.  S.  Dent,  Dem- 
ocrat, 377;  probate  judge,  S.  G.  Isman,  Republican, 
348,  M.  E.  Shepler,  Democrat,  339;  assessor,  Josiah 
Inglis,  Republican,  374,  W.  G.  Anthony,  Democrat, 
316;  commissioners,  George  Walker,  Republican,  140, 
Andrew  Schultheiss,  Democrat,  138,  J.  A.  Lathrop, 
Republican,  62,  T.  A.  Wilkinson,  Democrat,  79,  D. 
M.  White,  Republican,  166,  W.  W.  Brown,  Demo- 
crat, 97;  surveyor,  W.  P.  Bell,  Republican,  elected; 
coroner,  George  H.  Lake,  Republican,  365,  W.  A. 
Simpson,  Democrat,  336. 


The  year  1892  is  distinguished  in  political  history 
as  marking  the  date  of  the  entrance  of  the  People's 
party  upon  the  stage  of  politics.  This  party  had  been 
in  process  of  organization  for  years  past,  but  not  un- 
til 1892  did  the  different  societies  and  organizations 
having  Populistic  principles  associate  themselves  and 
form  one  national  party  for  the  purpose  of  taking  an 
active  part  in  national  affairs.  Throughout  the 
northwest  the  People's  party  organized,  nominated 
state,  district  and  county  tickets  and  otherwise  made 
its  influence  felt.  Idaho  and  the  county  of  which  we 
are  writing  were  no  exceptions.  The  silver  question 
also  came  into  prominence  for  the  first  time  this  year 
and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that,  as  in  Montana,  Colo- 
rado and  other  western  mining  states,  Idaho  Repub- 
licans at  first  announced  themselves  in  favor  of  the 
free  coinage  of  this  metal.  The  silver  question  tore 
the  Republican  party  in  this  state  into  two  factions. 
The  Democratic  party  was  also  divided  on  this  issue. 

While  the  People's  party  showed  considerable 
strength  in  1892,  they  did  not  succeed  in  capturing 
any  offices  in  Nez  Perces  county,  the  Democrats  win- 
ning a  great  victory.  The  official  vote  is  given  below  : 

For  president,  Benjamin  Harrison,  Republican, 
345,  Grover  Cleveland,  Democrat,  428;  congressman, 
Willis  Sweet,  Republican,  357,  E.  B.  True,  Democrat, 

328,  James  Gunn,  Populist,  101 ;  governor,  W.  J.  Mc- 
Connell,  Republican,  337,  John  M.  Burke,  Democrat, 
358,  A.  J.  Crook,  Populist,  98;  lieutenant  governor, 
Frank  B.  Willis,  Republican,  331,  George  V.  Bryan, 
Democrat,  347,  J.   B.  Wright,  Populist,  88;  supreme 
judge,  J.  N.  Sullivan,  Republican,  368,  F.  E.  Ensign, 
Democrat,   366;  secretary  of  state,  James   F.   Curtis, 
Republican,  337,  J.  H. '  Wickersham,  Democrat,  353, 
Benjamin  F.  Cheney,  Populist,  91 ;  attorney  general, 
George  M.  Parsons,  Republican,  342,  W.  f .  Reaves, 
Democrat,  349,  J.  R.  Webster,  Populist,  87 ;  treasurer, 
W.   C.   Hill,  Republican,   344,   Phillip  Regan,   Demo- 
crat,  351,  H.  J.  Sutton,  Populist,  82;  superintendent 
of  schools,  B.  B.  Lower,  Republican,  344,  J.  W.  Far- 
ris,    Democrat,    348,    L.    L.    Shearer,     Populist,     78; 
auditor,  Frank  Ramsey,  Republican,  340,  J.  W.  Mc- 
Clure,  Democrat,  350,  J.  H.  Andrews,  Populist,  84, 
joint  senator,  third  district,  J.  F.  Ailshie,  Republican, 

329,  J.  B.  Morris,  Democrat,  387,  James  H.  Robinson, 
Populist,    75 ;   joint   senator,     fourth     district,   J.    M. 
Howe,  Republican,  347,   Thomas  F.   Nelson,  Demo- 
crat, 351,  John  Chenoweth,  Populist,  90;  joint  repre- 
sentative with  Idaho  county,  W.  L.  Thompson,  Re- 
publican,  350,   David   C.    Stephens,    Democrat,    346, 
William    Craig,    Populist,   74;   representative,    Ira    S. 
Sperry,   Republican,   350,   D.    F.    Mahana,   Democrat, 
379,  6.  D.  Lovelace,  Populist,  52 ;  sheriff,  J.  B.  Coop- 
er,   Republican,   346,   Eben    Mounce,   Democrat,   375, 
W.    S.    Rice,   Populist,   78;   treasurer,   Josiah   Englis, 
Republican,  300,  David  S.  Dent,  Democrat,  453;  as- 
sessor, George  A.  Smith,  Republican,  290,  S.  O.  Tan- 
ahill,  Democrat,  377,  D.   Kemp,  Populist,   127;  pro- 
bate   judge,    Prince    E.    Stookey,    Republican,    348, 
George  Erb,  Democrat,  416 ;  surveyor,  J.  O.  Maxson, 
Republican,    353,    H.    M.    Stalnake'r,    Democrat,    327; 
coroner,  J.  H.  Howe,  Republican,  335,  K.  L.  Thomp- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


son.  Democrat,  397;  commissioners,  D.  M.  White, 
Republican,  395,  M.  A.  Kelly,  Democrat,  344.  W.  A. 
Nixon,  Republican,  332,  C.  A.  Leeper,  Democrat,  373, 
James  A.  Ray,  Populist,  50;  John  W.  Brown,  Repub- 
lican, 331  ;  O.  L.  Phillips,  Democrat,  330,  Felix  Mc- 
Minime,  Populist,  57.  The  state  went  Republican. 

In  the  following  campaign,  that  of  1894,  the  Popu- 
lists displayed  considerable  strength-  At  the  Popu- 
list convention  held  in  Lewiston  July  2Oth,  the  follow- 
ing platform  was  adopted,  which,  because  it  is  typical 
of  most  Populist  platforms,  we  reproduce  here : 

"First — We   endorse  the   Omaha  platform. 

"Second — We  demand  that  the  laws  known  as  the 
initiative  and  referendum  be  enacted  and  made  part  of 
the  state  constitution. 

"Third— We  demand  that  all  property  be  assessed 
at  its  cash  value  and  that  all  indebtedness  shall  be 
exempt  from  taxation.  All  mortgages  to  be  assessed 
at  their  face  value  in  the  county  where  the  indebted- 
ness exists. 

"Fourth — We  demand  the  enactment  of  a  law  for- 
bidding the  sale  of  property  on  execution  unless  the 
amount  of  the  sale  equals  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  ap- 

"Rftb— We  demand  that  all  laborers,  shall  have  a 
first  lien  on  the  property. 

"Sixth— We  demand  that  there  shall  be  a  reduc- 
tion in  the  salaries  of  the  state  and  county  officers,  till 
the  amount  paid  shall  be  a  fair  compensation  only  for 
the  work  done,  and  further  that  salaries  be  paid  and 
all  fees  go  to  the  county  treasury. 

"Seventh— We  demand  that  taxes  be  made  delin- 
quent in  March  instead  of  the  second  Monday  in  De- 
cember. 

"Eighth— We  demand  a  revision  of  the  school  law 
so  that  the  state  furnish  text  books  to  the  pupils  at 
actual  cost. 

"Ninth — We  demand  a  county  attorney  instead  of 

The  election  resulted  favorably  to  the  Republicans, 
though  the  Democrats  secured  a  few  offices.  The  Pop- 
ulists did  not  develop  enough  strength  to  secure  any 
offices  in  this  county.  From  the  official  vote  the  names 
of  the  victorious  candidates  in  this  county  will  be 
seen: 

For  congressman,  Edgar  Wilson,  Republican,  505, 
James  M.  Ballentine,  Democrat,  336,  James  Gunn, 
Populist,  222;  governor.  William  J.  McConnell,  Re- 
publican, 487,  Edward  A.  Stevenson,  Democrat,  371, 
James  W.  Ballentine,  Populist,  228;  lieutenant  gov- 
ernor, Frederick  J.  Mills,  Republican,  510,  James  B. 
Thatcher,  Democrat,  342,  John  J.  Chambers,  Populist, 
21 1 ;  secretary  of  state,  Isaac  W.  Garrett,  Republican, 
509,  James  R.  Hall,  Democrat,  344,  Frank  M.  Tibbals, 
Populist,  216;  attorney  general,  George  M.  Parsons, 
Republican,  513,  William  T.  Reeves,  Democrat,  341, 
Robert  S.  Spence,  Populist,  220;  state  auditor,  Frank 
C.  Ramsey,  Republican,  507,  James  Stoddard,  Demo- 
crat, 338.  Frank  Walton,  Populist,  221  ;  treasurer, 
Charles  Bunting,  Republican,  509,  James  H.  Bush, 
Democrat,  341.  Callistus  W.  Cooper,  Populist,  212; 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  Charles  A.  Fores- 


Lewiston  Teller],  Republican,  533,  John 
•crat,  331,  Major  J.  Steele,  Populist, 
212;  supreme  judge,  Joseph  W.  Huston,  Republicai 


man  [editoi  

W.  Paris,  Democr; 


513,  John  C.  Elder,  Democrat,  361,  Texas  Angel, 
Populist,  216;  joint  senator  with  Latah,  Daniel  C. 
Mitchell,  Republican,  515,  Henry  Heitfeld,  Fusionist, 
561 ;  joint  senator  with  Idaho  county,  Cassius  M.  Day, 
Republican,  519,  Aaron  F.  Parker,  Democrat,  342, 
George  W.  Hinkle,  Fusionist,  210;  joint  representative 
with  Idaho  county,  William  L.  Thompson,  Republican, 
543,  Keith  W.  White,  Democrat,  377,  Silas  D.  Strong, 
Populist,  136;  representative,  Richard  J.  Monroe,  Re- 
publican, 513,  James  W.  Poe,  Democrat,  342,  J.  H. 
Morrison,  Populist,  237;  district  judge,  William  G. 
Piper,  Republican,  545,  Stewart  S.  Denning,  Fusionist, 
440;  district  attorney,  James  E.  Babb,  Republican, 
529,  Clay  McNamee,  Fusionist,  546;  clerk,  Robert 
Schleicher,  Republican,  449,  Samuel  O.  Tanahill,  Dem- 
ocrat, 465,  R.  P.  Mudge,  Populist,  186;  sheriff,  Will- 
iam H.  Denny,  Republican,  450,  Hary  Lydon,  Dem- 
ocrat, 474,  C.  W.  McFadden,  Populist,  177 ;  treasurer, 
Francis  J.  Edwards.  Republican,  398,  John  B.  Morris, 
Democrat,  486,  J.  N.  Lindsay,  Populist,  190;  probate 
judge,  Prince  E.  Stookey,  Republican,  478,  George 
E.  Erb,  Democrat,  429,  S.  G.  Hayes,  Populist,  176; 
assessor,  Nelson  J.  Wing,  Republican,  465,  George  H. 
Ruddell,  Democrat,  408,  W.  T.  Wright,  Populist,  208 ; 
commissioners,  D.  M.  White,  Republican,  450,  N.  B. 
Holbrook,  Democrat,  404,  A.  Shiebe,  Populist,  192, 
Albert  G.  Wisner,  Republican,  475,  Ferdinand  B. 
Lang.  Democrat,  355,  William  J.  Eakin,  Populist,  205, 
George  A.  Welker,  Republican,  460,  William  Le  Baron, 
Democrat,  385,  Chambers  Muston,  Populist,  193 ;  sur- 
veyor, Jordan  O.  Maxon,  Republican,  506,  Stephen 
So'uthwick,  Fusionist.  251;  coroner,  Leroy  L.  Strong, 
Republican,  508,  Madison  A.  Kelley,  Democrat,  348, 
L.  C.  Neal,  Populist,  202.  A  small  Prohibition  vote 
was  cast. 

The  campaign  of  1896,  the  most  brilliant  and  re- 
markable political  contest  in  the  latter  annals  of  our 
country's  history,  witnessed  the  dissolution  and  division 
of  two' national  parties  in  Idaho.  The  rock  upon  which 
they  split  was  was  the  silver  issue.  The  Silver  Repub- 
licans organized  under  Senator  Dubois,  who  walked  out 
of  the  national  convention  at  St.  Louis,  while  the  Dem- 
ocrats either  fused  with  the  Populists  or  joined  the 
gold  standard  forces.  Some  Democrats  joined  Dubois's 
new  party.  In  Nez  Perces  county  the  Democrats  and 
the  Populists  fused.  The  Silver  Republicans  and  Dem- 
ocrats who  did  not  care  to  fuse  with  the  Populists 
also  placed  a  ticket  in  the  field  for  a  few  offices.  The 
Fusionists  carried  the  state  and  every  office  in  Nez 
Perces  county  except  one.  that  of  probate  judge.  Du- 
bois's Silver  party  elected  twenty-five  representatives 
to  the  legislature. 

The  vote  in  Nez  Perces  county  follows : 
For  President  of  the  United'  States,  William  Mc- 
Kinley,  Republican,  675,  William  Jennings  Bryan, 
Democrat,  1089,  Weaver,  Populist,  22;  congressman, 
James  Gunn,  Fusionist,  918.  John  T.  Morrison,  Re- 
publican, 678,  W.  E.  Borah,  Silver  Republican,  122; 
governor.  Frank  Steunenberg,  Fusionist,  1064,  D.  H. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


105 


Hudlong,  Republican,  674 ;  lieutenant  governor,  G.  F. 
Moore,  Fusionist,  948,  Vincent  Bierbower,  Republican, 
662,  E.  B.  True,  Silver  Republican,  106;  secretary  of 
state,  G.  J.  Lewis,  Fusionist,  934,  I.  W.  Garrett,  Re- 
publican, 670,  Charles  Durrand,  Silver  Republican, 
103;  state  auditor,  T-  H.  Anderson,  Fusionist,  921,  E. 
A.  McKenna.  Republican,  679,  Bartlett  Sinclair,  Silver 
Republican,  98:  treasurer,  G.  H.  Storer,  Democrat, 
934.  F.  C.  Ramsey,  Republican,  668,  Timothy  Regan, 
Silver  Republican',  100;  attorney  general,  R.  E.  Mc- 
Farland,  Fusionist,  911,  J.  A.  Bagley,  Republican, 
658,  G.  M.  Parsons,  Silver  Republican,  125;  superin- 
tendent public  instruction,  L.  N.  B.  Anderson,  Fusion- 
ist, 925,  C.  A.  Foresman,  Republican,  690,  M.  F. 
Cowley,  Silver  Republican,  89:  mine  inspector,  B.  F. 
Hastings,  Fusionist,  1,038,  Theodore  Brown,  Republi- 
can, 658 ;  justice  supreme  court,  R.  P.  Quarles,  Fusion- 
ist, 925,  D.  W.  Standroad,  Republican,  663,  Edgar 
Wilson,  Silver  Republican,  in:  senator,  Henry  Heit- 
feld,  Fusionist,  665.  Charles  E.  Monteith,  Republican, 
413,  George  W.  Morrison,  Silver  Republican,  109; 
representatives,  A.  H.  Alford,  Fusionist,  673,  I.  S. 
Sperry.  Fusionist,  627,  N.  J.  Wing,  Republican,  450, 
W.  A".  Nixon,  Republican,  439,  J.  D.  Graham,  Silver 
Republican.  66:  sheriff,  G.  Barton,  Fusionist,  941, 
W.  S.  Dyer,  Republican,  768;  assessor,  D.  Cantrill, 
Fusionist,  930,  J.  M.  Williams,  Republican,  758; 
treasurer,  J. 'B.  Morris,  Fusionist,  946,  Hazen  Squier, 
Republican,  775 ;  probate  judge,  Prince  E.  Stookey, 
Republican,  933,  S.  G.  Hayes.  Fusionist,  766;  com- 
missioners, T.  L.  Armstrong,  Fusionist,  959,  A.  G.  Wis- 
ner.  Republican,  670,  J.  P.  Parker,  Fusionist,  966,  W. 
R.  Dixon.  Republican,  651,  Z.  McCall,  Fusionist,  919, 
J.  C.  Larkee,  Republican,  664 :  surveyor.  G.  Moragne, 
Fusionist.  860,  J-  O.  Maxon,  Republican,  816;  coroner, 
L.  L.  Strong.  Fusionist,  962,  S.  Leslie  Thompson,  Re- 
publican. 706. 

The  next  campaign  was  one  of  bitter  factional 
strife  amongst  all  the  parties.  Late  in  August  the 
Democrats,  the  Populists  and  the  Silver  Republicans 
met  at  Boise.  An  energetic  attempt  was  made  to  con- 
centrate the  silver  forces  into  one  party,  but  most  of 
the  Populists  resisted  the  offer  of  fusion,  believeing 
they  were  now  strong  enough  to  stand  alone.  Finally 
the  Democrats  and  Silver  Republicans  nominated  a 
fusion  ticket  and  the  Populist  party  broke  up  into  two 
factions,  the  Blake  and  the  Taylor  factions,  both  of 
which  claimed  to  be  the  regular  party  organization. 
Subsequently,  however,  the  courts  decided  favorably 
to  the  Blake  faction,  whereupon  those  of  the  Populit 
party  who  had  not  cast  their  lot  with  the  Democrats, 
came  together  and  nominated  another  Populist  ticket — 
a-middle-of-the-road  ticket  The  Democrats  and  Popu- 
lists again  fused  in  this  countv  and  the  Silver  Repub- 
licans joined  with  the  regular  Republican  party.  From 
the  official  vote  given  below,  the  result  of  the  contest 
in  this  countv  may  easilv  be  seen  : 

For  congressman.  W.  B.  Heyburn.  Republican, 
1,238.  Edgar  Wilson,  Fusionist,  969,  James  Gunn, 
Populist,  385:  governor.  A.  B.  Moss,  Republican, 
1,324,  Frank  Steuenberg,  Fusionist,  942,  James  H.  An- 
derson, Populist,  297;  lieutenant  governor.  J.  F. 


Hunt,  Republican  1.279,  J-  H.  Hutchinson,  Fusionist, 
929,  T.  E.  Miller,  Populist,  310;  secretary  of  state,  R. 
S.  Bragaw.  Republican.  1,268,  Martin  Patrie,  Fusion- 
ist, 912,  J.  S.  Bonham,  Populist,  30;  attorney  gen- 
eral, F.  J.  Wyman.  Republican,  1,267,  S.  H.  Hayes, 
Fusionist,  932,  T.  L.  Glenn.  Populist,  311  ;  justice 'su- 
preme court',  D.  W.  Standrod,  Republican,  1,308,  J.  N. 
Sullivan.  Fusionist,  1,072;  district  judge,  E.  C.  Steele, 

Republican.  1.253, Moore,  Fusionist,  869,  Willis 

Sweet,  Silver  Republican,  341  ;  auditor,  J.  H.  Van- 
camp,  Republican,  1,260,  Bartlett  Sinclair,  Fusionist, 
917,  A.  G.  Whittier,  Populist,  308;  state  treasurer,  G. 
W.  Fletcher,  Republican,  1,265,  L-  C.  Rice,  Fusionist, 
1226:  inspector  of  mines,  J.  W.  Stoddard,  Republican, 
1,253.  J-  A-  Czizek,  Fusionist,  910,  David  Farmer, 
Populist,  448:  superintendent  of  public  instruction. 
Miss  Dean,  Republican,  1,300,  Miss  French,  Fusionist, 
1,229;  state  senator,  J.  N.  Stacy,  Republican,  1,299, 
L.  C.  Clark,  Fusionist,  1,071,  G.  A.  Manning,  Silver 
Republican,  115;  representatives,  O.  T.  Hanlon,  Re- 
publican, 1,256'  W.  D.  Hardwick,  Republican,  1,179, 
Wallace  B.  Stainton,  Fusionist,  1,181,  S.  Ogden,  Fu- 
sionist, 946.  D.  H.  Haner,  Silver  Republican,  188: 
auditor,  P.  E.  Stookey,  Republican,  1,496,  R.  R.  Steen, 
Fusionist.  1.199;  sheriff,  J.  W.  Rozen,  Republican, 
1.475,  E.'L.  Parker,  Fusionist,  1,116;  assessor,  Stass 
Spekker,  Republican,  1,388,  George  Ruddell,  Fusionist, 
1.224;  treasurer.  C.  A.  Hastings,  Republican,  1,357, 
T.  S.  Cantril,  Fusionist,  1,158;  county  attorney,  F. 
Danford,  Silver  Republican,  1,375,  John  Green,  Fu- 
sionist, 1,226:  probate  judge,  R.  A.  Langford,  Repub- 
lican, 1,372,  William  Kauffman,  Fusionist,  1,118;  su- 
perintendent of  schools,  Jennie  Harrington,  Republican, 
1,488,  Mary  Kroh.  Fusionist,  1,018;  surveyor,  Edson 
Briggs,  Republican,  1,412,  J.  H.  Day,  Fusionist,  1,073; 
coroner.  S.  L.  Thompson,  Silver  Republican,  1,279,  L. 
C.  Neal.  Fusionist,  1,010,  S.  S.  Strong,  Independent, 
171 ;  commissioners.  S.  G.  Isaman,  Silver  Republican, 
1,319.  John  Wilkinson,  Fusionist,  1,122,  A.  G.  John- 
son. "Republican,  1,333.  W.  B.  Martin.  Fusionist,  1,089, 
William  Black,  Republican,  1,388,  Ed.  Vandyke,  Fu- 
sionist, 1.078. 

The  state  was  carried  by  the  Fusionists.  their  ma- 
jorities ranging  from  3.000  to  6,000.  Nez  Perces 
county  gave  the  Republicans  majorities  averaging  300. 
From'  the  fact  that  the  Silver  Republicans  were  al- 
lowed to  affiliate  with  the  regular  Republican  party  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  gold  standard  advocates  in  Idaho 
at  this  time  were  not  very  strong  and  probably  for 
this  reason  not  very  aggresive. 

Fusion  again  prevailed  in  1900,  both  in  state  and 
county,  the  Populists,  Democrats  and  Silver  Republi- 
cans associating.  There  was  also,  however,  a  middle- 
of-  the-road  Populist  ticket.  The  Fusionists  carried  the 
state,  while  in  this  county,  honors  were  about  equally 
divided  between  the  Republicans  and  the  Fusionists. 
It  is  worth  noticing  that  the  Prohibition  party  polled 
a  considerable  number  of  votes  this  vear.  The  official 

For  President  of  the  United  States,  William  Mc- 
Kinlev,  Republican,  2.152.  William  J.  Bryan.  Fusion- 
ist. 2,134,  Populist.  22,  Probititionist,  169:  justice  su- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


preme  court  Edgar  C.  Steele,  Rep.,  2,158,  Charles  D. 
Stockslayer,  Fusionist,  2,067,  William  Perkins,  Populist 
40;  congressman,  John  T.  Morrison,  Republican,  2,137, 
Thomas  L.  Glenn,  Fusionist,  2,092,  John  F.  Stark, 
Populist.  25.  Amanda  M.  Way,  Prohibitionist,  165; 
governor,  D.  W.  Standrod,  Republican,  2,136,  Frank 
W.  Hunt,  Fusionist,  2,117,  John  S.  Randall,  Populist, 
27,  William  J.  Boone,  Prohibitionist,  171  ;  lieutenant 
governor,  Addison  A.  Crane,  Republican,  2,100, 
Thomas  F.  Terrell,  Fusionist,  2,081,  Johannes  Henson, 
Populist,  172;  secretary  of  state,  Martin  Patrie,  Re- 
publican, 2,105,  Charles  J.  Bussett,  Fusionist,  2,066, 
Melancthon  F.  Ely,  Populist,  47,  Mrs.  Neal  B.  Inman, 
Prohibitionist,  183 ;  state  auditor,  Henry  J.  Syms,  Re- 
publican, 2,096,  Egbert  W.  Jones,  Fusionist,  2,094, 
William  W.  Tharp,  Populist,  29;  treasurer,  George 
H.  Kester,  Republican,  2,138,  John  J.  Plumber,  Fusion- 
ist, 2,033,  Augustus  M.  Slater,  Populist,  61,  James  Bal- 
lentine,  Prohibitionist,  170;  attorney  general,  George 

E.  Gray,  Republican,  2,105,  Frank  Martin,  Fusionist, 
2,083,  Clay  McNamee,  Populist,  36,  William  A.  Hall, 
Prohibitionist,   166;  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, Jessie  Riley,  Republican,  2,099,  Parmeal  French, 
Fusionist,  2,095^  James  T.  Smith,  Prohibitionist,  160 ; 
inspector  of  mines,  Robert  D.  Bell,  Republican,  2,084, 
Martin  H.  Jacobs,  Fusionist,  2,071,  Edward  Kimber- 
ley,  Populist,  30,  George  Black,  Prohibitionist,   159; 
senator,  Frank  D.  Hasbrouck,  Republican,  2,053,  Louis 
Clark,  Fusionist,  2,135,  Michael  C.   Pearsons,  Prohi- 
bitionist,  160;  representatives,  Caleb  W.   Richardson, 
Republican,  2,045,  Albert  W.  Lee,  Republican,  2,048, 
Peter  Triesch,  Fusionist,  2,122,  Eben  Mounce,  Fusion- 
ist, 2,107,  Joseph  A.  Pine,  Prohibitionist,  165,  Will- 
iam E.  Schuehly,  Prohibitionist,  157;  sheriff,  John  T. 
Leachman,  Republican,  1,946,  Alfred  Kroutinger,  Fu- 
sionist,  2,311,   William   C.   Bird,   Prohibitionist,    155; 
treasurer,    Viola    C.    McConville,    Republican,    1,981, 
James  R.  Lydon,  Fusionist,  2,  270;  assessor,  Benjamin 

F.  Bashor, '  Republican,  2,160,  William  E.  Stoddard, 
Fusionist,  2,050,  Edward  Darby,  Prohibitionist,   128; 
judge  of  probate,   Robert   A.   Langford,   Republican, 
2,004,   William   B.   Reese,   Fusionist,   2,250,   William 
Scott,  Prohibitionist,   120;  superintendent  of  schools, 
Jennie  M.  Harrington,  Republican,  2,161,  Eula  Ward, 
Fusionist,   2,118,   Ollie   R.   Ellis,   Prohibitionist,    119; 
county  attorney,  Miles  S.  Johnson,  Republican,  2,173, 
Carl  A.  Davis,  Fusionist,  2,139;  commissioners,  Samuel 

G.  Isaman,  Republican,  1,991,  Charles  A.  Leeper,  Fu- 
sionist, 2,194,  J.  Smith  Mounce,  Prohibitionist,  155,  S. 
S.  Brooks;  Republican,  1,935,  Perry  E.  Miller,  Fusion- 
ist, 2,258,  N.  C.  Busby,  Prohibitionist,  126,  William 
A.   Black,   Republican,   2,079,   George  W.   Brammet, 
Fusionist,   2,094,    Charles    A.    Parrott,    Prohibitionist, 
124 ;  surveyor,  Edson  Briggs,  Republican,  2,264,  Ben- 
jamin F.  Chaney,  Fusionist,  1,959,  George  Hogue,  Pro- 
hibitionist. 146 ;  coroner,  Lemuel  C.  Neal,  Republican, 
2,079,  Jesse  Watson,  Fusionist,  2,092,  John  Black,  Pro- 
hibitionist, 125. 

The  last  campaign  is  too  recent  to  require  a  dis- 
cussion of  the  policies  of  the  different  parties.  Suffice 
it  to  say  that  the'  Populist  party  as  a  party  is  now  a 
memory,  though  many  of  its  principles  have  been  ab- 


sorbed by  the  two  historic  parties,  and  that  the  silver 
question  is  not  what  might  be  termed  a  living  issue. 
Those  who  were  former  adherents  of  the  Populist  faith 
are  now  numbered  among  either  the  Democrats,  the 

ties.  With  the  removal  of  the  silver  question  as  a 
factor  in  Idaho  politics  and  the  substitution  therefor, 
as  the  main  issue,  of  the  administration's  foreign  policy 
and  the  well  known  Republican  doctrines  of  a  pro- 
tective tariff  and  conservatism  in  all  financial  and 
economic  matters  in  general,  the  Republicans  have  once 

Perces  county  went  overwhelmingly  Republican  at  the 
last  election,  only  two  Democrats  being  elected. 

The  official  vote : 

For  congressman,  Burton  L.  French,  Republican, 
2,451,  Joseph  H.  Hutchinson,  Democrat,  1,807,  John 
A.  Davis,  Socialist,  234,  Herbert  A.  Lee,  Prohibition- 
ist, 115  :  governor,  John  T.  Morison,  Republican,  2,495, 
Frank  W.  Hunt,'  Democrat,  1,758,  Augustus  M. 
Slatery.  Socialist,  220,  Albert  E.  G'ipson,  Prohibition- 
ist, 121 ;  lieutenant  governor,  James  M.  Stevens,  Re- 
publican, 2,397,  William  E.  Adams,  Democrat,  1,801, 
Louis  N.  B.  Anderson,  Socialist,  230,  Simon  E.  Hunt, 
Prohibitionist,  125  ;  secretary  of  state,  Wilmot  H.  Gib- 
son, Republican,  2,372,  C.  J.  Bassett,  Democrat,  1,809, 
W.  H.  Candee,  Socialist,  220,  W.  E.  Schuebley,  Pro- 
hibitionist, 119;  state  auditor,  Theodore  Turner,  Re- 
publican, 2,359,  J-  C.  Callahan,  Democrat,  1,810, 
George  W.  Harrington,  Socialist,  228,  Thomas  D. 
Hodgson,  Prohibitionist,  129;  state  treasurer,  Henry 
N.  Coffin,  Republican,  2,366,  E.  P.  Coltman,  Democrat, 
1,786,  James  E.  Miller,  Socialist,  218,  Mrs.  Jennie  G. 
Headlev,  Prohibitionist,  146;  attorney  general,  John 
A.  Bagley,  Republican,  2,334,  Frederick  D.  Culver, 
Democrat,  1,879,  David  W.  Smith,  Socialist,  227;  su- 
perintendent of  public  instruction,  May  L.  Scott,  Re- 
publican, 2,339,  Permeal  French,  Democrat,  1,903, 
Mrs.  Ollie  E.  Ellis,  Prohibitionist,  130;  inspector  of 
mines,  Robert  Bell,  Republican,  2,339,  Jonn  H.  Nord- 
quest,  Democrat,  1,796,  O.  Chalmns  Smith,  Socialist, 
229,  George  Klock,  Prohibitionist,  123;  justice  of  the 
supreme  court,  James  F.  Ailshire,  Republican,  2,361, 
Frank  E.  Fogg.  Democrat,  1,792,  John  C.  Elder,  So- 
cialist, 227,  William  A.  Hall,  Prohibitionist,  125;  sen-  ' 
ator,  Seventeenth  district,  George  E.  Crum,  Republi- 
can, 2,286,  Louis  Clark,  Democrat,  1,841,  William  H. 
Thompson,  Socialist,  230,  James  E.  Pearson,  Prohibi- 
tionist, 121 ;  state  representatives,  Charles  D.  Thomas, 
William  A.  Black,  Garrett  H.  Parrel,  Republicans, 
2,287,  2,191,  and  2,174  votes  respectively,  John  W. 
Graham,  Eben  Mounce,  Charles  Hutchins.  Democrats, 
1,968,  1,924  and  1,8^2  votes  respectively,  Erick  S.  Lee, 
William  Fenderson,  Henry  Wilson,  "Socialists,  202, 
197  and  103  votes  respectively,  G.  W.  Beloit,  G.  B. 
Banta,  J.  R.  Hobkins,  Prohibitionists,  109,  107  and  115 
votes  respectively ;  district  judge,  Edgar  C.  Steele.  Re- 
publican, 2,356, 'Wallace  N.  Scales,  Democrat,  1,882; 
county  auditor  and  recorder,  John  T.  Orbison,  Repub- 
lican, 2,007,  James  R.  Lydon,  Democrat,  2,226,  Duncan 
Gaven,  Socialist,  190,  W.  E.  Curtis,  Prohibitionist, 
113:  county  commissioners,  First  district,  George  A. 


LUNA  HOUSE  OF  LEWISTON.    TAKEN  ABOUT  1868. 


Benedict  Ranch,  at  the  Mouth  of  Whitebird,  the  Scene  of  Indian  Atrocities  in  1 877. ; 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Smith,  Republican,  2,184,  C.  A.  Leeper,  Democrat, 
1,990,  John  A.  Miller,  Socialist,  198,  J.  Smith  Mounce, 
Prohibitionist,  118;  Second  district,  Samuel  Hollen- 
beck,  Republican,  2,201,  Nathaniel  Wilson,  Democrat, 
1,884,  Renny  J.  Bofferding,  Socialist,  199,  Elmer  Rob- 
ertson, Prohibitionist,  122;  Third  district,  George  W. 
Welker,  Republican,  2,217,  George  W.  Brammer,  Dem- 
ocrat. 1,907,  Thomas  F.  Jacobs,  Socialist,  203,  J.  H. 
Lewis,  Prohibitionist,  123;  sheriff,  William  Schuldt, 
Republican,  2,396,  William  R.  Gibbs,  Democrat,  1,892, 
William  Bozarth,  Socialist,  199,  U.  E.  Reeves,  Prohi- 
bitionist, 97:  prosecuting  attorney,  Miles  S.  Johnson, 
Republican,  2,349,  Charles  L.  McDonald,  Democrat, 
1,961 ;  treasurer,  Charles  A.  Hastings,  Republican, 
2,205,  Alfred  W.  Kroutinger,  Democrat,  1,970,  John 
N.  Lindsay,  Socialist,  223,  William  S.  Clayton,  Prohi- 


bitionist, in  ;  probate  judge,  Oscar  B.  Chesley,  Repub- 
lican, 2,072,  William  B.  Reese,  Democrat,  2,i"i6,  Stan- 
ton  T.  McGrath,  Socialist,  189,  A.  J.  Pine,  Prohibi- 
tionist, in;  superintendent  of  public  schools,  Bernice 
McCoy,  Republican,  2,272,  Eula  C.  Ward,  Democrat, 
1,994,  Mrs.  Laura  Boyd,  Prohibitionist,  117;  assessor, 
Wilfred  L.  Gifford,  Republican,  2,312,  Major  J.  Steele, 
Democrat,  1,851,  Adolph  E.  Fieser,  Socialist,  198, 
Henry  Rickle,  Prohibitionist,  109 ;  surveyor,  Edson  D. 
Briggs,  Republican,  2,348,  Frank  Doughty,  Democrat, 
i. .803,  Charles  Simmons,  Socialist,  197,  Gilbert  Hogue, 
Prohibitionist,  n<^;  Clyde  J.  Vassar,  Republican,  2,218, 
William  B.  Cooper,  Democrat,  1,870,  Dr.  W.  F.  Shaw- 
ley,  Socialist,  229,  S.  A.  Roe,  Prohibitionist,  114.  A 
very  small  Populist  vote  was  also  cast. 


CHAPTKR  III. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


LEWISTON. 

From  the  nature  of  things  the  early  history  of 
north  Idaho  could  not  well  be  traced  without,  in  part  at 
least,  presenting  also  the  early  annals  of  the  pioneer 
city  of  the  region.  We  have  already  referred  to  the 
fact  that  the  first  attempt  to  establish  a  trading  point 
was  made  at  the  Big  Eddy  of  the  Clearwater,  but 
abandoned  at  once  on  account  of  the  impracticability 
of  navigating  that  stream.  We  have  likewise  spoken 
of  the  difficulty  in  the  way  of  building  a  town  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Clearwater  and  the  Snake  rivers, 
on  territory  then  a  part  of  the  Nez  Perces  Indian 
reservation,  and  of  how  circumstances  compelled  the 
whites  to  assume  the  aggressive  in  trenching  upon 
the  rights  of  the  Indians  and  the  latter  race  to  yield 
an  unwilling  compliance.  The  town  of  Canvas  has 
been  adverted  to;  the  unfortunate  social  conditions 
obtaining  therein;  and  the  sufferings  occasioned  by 
the  frailty  of  protecting  walls  and  the  severity  of 
the  winter  of  1861-2.  Mention  has  been  made  also 
of  the  platting  of  the  townsite  in  October,  1861 ;  of 
the  town's  early  political  status  and  its  career  as  the 
capital  of  the  territory.  The  circumstances  of  its 
loss  of  political  prestige  and  the  seat  of  government 
have  likewise  engaged  our  attention  and  many  inci- 
dental references  to  the  town  of  later  days  have 
necessarily  found  place  in  former  chapters.  It  is  now 
our  task  to  trace  the  development  of  Lewiston  some- 
what more  comprehensively  and  to  gather  up  the 
fragments  of  its  still  unrelated  history. 

The  circumstances  which  caused  the  founding  of 


Lewiston  were  favorable  to  its  rapid  early  growth. 
The  steamers  which  brought  to  the  country  hundreds 
of  miners  brought  also  laige  cargoes  of  goods  to  the 
merchants  which  were  speedily  retailed  at  enormous 
profits.  Money  was  plentiful  among  all  classes  and 
prosperity  abounded  on  every  hand.  But  these  con- 
ditions were  of  short  duration.  The  discovery  of  the 
Boise  mines  in  August,  1862,  turned  the  current  of 
trade  in  that  direction,  and  it  became  apparent  to  the 
leading  business  men  of  Lewiston  that  if  their  town 
was  to  continue  its  rapid  development,  it  must  secure 
a  share  of  the  trade.  They  were  also  ambitious  to 
establish  commercial  relations  with  Salt  Lake  City. 
In  furtherance  of  these  two  objects,  or  rather  to  de- 
termine in  a  measure  whether  or  not  they  were  prac- 
ticable, A.  P.  Ankeny  sent  a  party  consisting  of  Charles 
Clifford,  Washington  Murray  and  Joseph  Denver  to 
the  site  of  old  Fort  Boise  to  report  upon  the  navi- 
gability of  the  Snake  river  between  that  point  and 
Lewiston.  The  party  waited  for  lowest  water,  then 
descended  the  river  to  Lewiston,  making  part  of  the 
trip,  it  is  thought,  in  a  raft.  They  gave  it  as  their 
opinion  that  the  Snake  river  could  be  navigated  by 
steamboats  and  that  same  fall,  the  Spray,  of  which 
mention  has  been  heretofore  made,  ascended  the  river 
to  a  point  fifteen  miles  above  Lewiston,  where  it  had 
to  turn  back.  This  was  unfortunate,  for  it  went  to 
prove  the  impracticability  of  a  far  reaching  scheme. 
l:Lewiston's  business  men,"  says  Bancroft,  ''contem- 
plated placing  a  line  of  boats  on  Snake  river  to  be 
run  as  far  as  navigable.  The  first  important  land- 
ing was  to  be  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  river,  forty 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


miles  above  Lewiston.  The  design  was  to  make  a 
road  direct  to  the  mines,  whereas  the  travel  had  there- 
tofore been  by  the  trails  through  the  Nez  Perces 
country.  The  distance  from  the  mouth  of  Salmon 
river  by  water  to  Fort  Boise  was  95  miles,  thence 
to  Fishing -Falls  on  Salmon  river,  90  miles:  thence 
to  Salt  Lake  City,  250  miles,  total  475  miles,  nearly 
half  of  which,  it  was  hoped,  could  be  traveled  by 
boats.  Such  a  line  would  have  been  of  great  service 
to  the  military  department,  about  to  establish  a  post 
on  Boise  river,  and  to  immigration,  saving  a  long 
stretch  of  road.  But  the  Salmon  river  mountains 
proved  impassible,  and  the  snake  river  unnavigable,  al- 
though in  the  autumn  of  1863  a  second  party  of  five 
men,  with  Molthrop  at  the  lead,  descended  the  stream 
in  a  boat  built  at  Buena  Vista  bar,  and  a  company 
was  formed  in  Portland  for  constructing  a  portage 
through  a  canyon  of  that  river,  considered  impractic- 
able for  steamers.  It  was  soon  made  apparent,  how- 
ever, that  Lewiston  was  hopelessly  cut  off  from  Salt 
Lake,  and  even  from  Boise  basin,  by  craggy  mountains, 

The  failure  of  this  Salt  Lake  project  made  it 
impossible  for  Lewiston  to  maintain  the  rate  of  de- 
velopment established  during  its  earliest  years,  but 
its  monopoly  on  the  distributing  business  of  the  Salmon 
river  mining  country  continued,  giving  it  ample  means 
for  substantial  growth. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  at  this  time  the  land 
upon  which  the  town  was  built  was  still  a  part  of  the 
Nez  Perces  Indian  reservation,  and  that  no  title  to 
property  could  be  secured,  a  fact  which  must  have 
exerted  a  deterrent  influence  upon  those  who  would 
otherwise  be  inclined  to  erect  substantial  and  perma- 
nent buildings.  But  in  due  time  negotiations  were 
entered  into  between  the  United  States  government 
and  the  Indians  looking  toward  the  cession  on  the 
part  of  the  latter  of  one  mile  square  of  their  territory 
to  be  used  for  townsite  purposes.  Before  these 
negotiations  were  fully  concluded  the  town  was  in- 
corporated by  an  act  of  the  territorial  legislature  ap- 
proved December  27,  1866.  The  first  section  of  the 
incorporation  bill  read  as  follows:  "Section  i.  The 
town  of  Lewiston,  including  the  following  territory, 
to-wit :  Bounded  north  and  west  by  the  waters  of  the 
Clearwater  and  Snake  rivers  at  their  confluence,  and 
extending  sufficiently  far  southerly  and  easterly  there- 
from to  constitute  in  a  square  form,  as  near  as  prac- 
ticable, according  to  government  survey,  one  square 
mile,  intended  to  include  the  square  mile  of  land 
stipulated  for  in  favor  of  said  town  in  the  treaty 
between  the  United  States  and  the  Nez  Perces  tribe 
of  Indians  now  pending,  is  hereby  organized  into  a 
municipal  corporation  under  the  name  of  The  City  of 
Lewiston.'  Providing  that  the  jurisdiction  of  said 
city  hereby  conferred  shall  extend  to  the  middle 
channel  of  said  rivers  at  the  points  oposite  the  terri- 

One  provison  of  the  bill  was  that  the  first  election 
of  city  officers  should  be  held  on  the  second  Monday 
in  March  of  the  year  1867  at  the  court  house  in  Lewis- 
ton.  The  election  was  held  at  the  appointed  time  and 


resulted  as  follows:  mayor,  W.  W.  Wright;  treas- 
urer, H.  W.  Stainton;  marshal,  Daniel  McElwee ; 
councilmen,  Godfrey  Gamble,  George  Scranton  and 
Julius  Loewenberg.  The  charter  had  been  secured 
despite  some  opposition  in  the  town  itself  to  the  move- 
ment for  incorporation,  and  the  opposition  did  not 
cease  when  officers  were  chosen.  Indeed  the  forces 
adverse  to  the  city  government,  led  by  Richard  Hur- 
ley, were  so  nearly  equal  in  numbers  and  influence  to 
those  of  a  contrary  mind  that  little  could  be  ac- 
complished in  the  way  of  progress  during  the  first  few 
year.s,  and  nothing  was  attempted  beyond  such  im- 
provements as  were  deemed  absolutely  necessary. 

It  was  during  the  year  1867,  according  to  the 
statement  of  Charles  G.  Kress,  one  of  the  pioneer 
business  men  of  Lewiston,  that  the  first  experiments 
were  made  in  tree  planting  in  the  streets  of  the  town 
and  inception  was  given  to  a  movement  which  later 
gained  for  it  the  soubriquet  of  "the  City  of  Poplars." 

"One  hot  May  afternoon,"  says  Mr!  Kress,  "dur- 
ing a  lull  in  business,  Seth  Slater,  John  Clark,  Dick 
Monroe  and  myself  were  sitting  in  front  of  Monroe's 
drug  store  on  Main   street  at  the  head  of  what  is 
now  known  as  First  street.     The  conversation  turned 
to  the  extreme  heat  which  was  prevailing  and  Monroe     I 
suggested  that  shade  trees  should  be  planted.    At  that 
time  our  streets  were  entirely  barren  of  trees  and  there     I 
was  no  vegetation  at  all  in  the  business  section.     The     I 
suggestion  appealed   strongly   to  us  and  we  held  an    • 
informal  meeting  to  discuss  ways  and  means  of  secur-    I 
ing  and  caring  for   the  trees.     We   were  not  at  all     I 
sure  whether  trees  would  grow  here  and  the  water    :l 
problem  was  a  serious  one. 

"Finally  we  decided  to  try  the  experiment  any-  | 
how.  Our  plan  contemplated  the  digging  of  a  well  j 
in  front  of  Monroe's  store,  a  favorite  lounging  place  I 
then,  and  the  planting  there  of  one  poplar  and  two  I 
locust  trees.  The  hat  was  passed  around  among  the  I 
citizens  and  in  a  short  time  $210  were  subscribed.  I 
The  well  was  sunk  at  a  point  very  nearly  in  the  mid-  M 
die  of  the  street,  and  cost  $210,  the  amount  of  the  • 
subscription.  Over  the  well  a  neat  frame  covering  H 
was  placed  and  around  it  seats  were  constructed  to  « 
accommodate  those  who  cared  to  while  away  an  hour  I 
or  so  near  its  cooling  waters  and  beneath  the  luxuriant  8 
shade  of  the  trees  that  were  to  be.  The  walls  of  the  :• 
well  were  boarded  up.  The  chain  and  bucket  system  *• 
delivered  the  water.  Wesley  Mulkey,  whose  place  v 
was  near  the  city,  donated  to  the  enterprise  the  de-  If 
sired  trees,  which  were  planted  as  soon  as  the  well 
was  finished. 

"The  trees  seemed  inspired  with  a  due  sense  of  9 
the  importance  of  their  mission,  for  they  throve  wonder-  jj 
fully  from  the  first.  The  enterprise  was  a  popular  It 
one  and  elicited  the  interest  of  everybody.  The  follow-  m 
ing  year  C.  C.  Bunnell,  Dr.  Stainton  and  others  set  9 
out  trees,  and  in  1870  a  still  larger  number  were  .jj 
planted,  until  in  a  comparatively  short  time  the  town  m 
was  fairly  embowered  in  luxuriant  foliage.  Main  « 
street  was  lined  on  both  sides  with  poplars,  but  few  i 
of  which  now  remain." 

An    issue    of    the    Lewiston    Signal    bearing    date   fl 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


109 


September  12,  1867,  has  fallen  into  our  hands  and  from 
it  we  learn  that  the  following  market  prices  prevailed 
at  that  tirrie :  apples,  peaches,  pears,  25  cents  a  pound ; 
flour,  $5.50  a  barrel ;  butter,  fresh,  75  cents,  Isthmus, 
50  cents  f  eggs,  75  cents ;  cheese,  50  cents ;  bacon,  22 
cents;  sugar,  brown,  25  cents,  crushed,  28  cents; 
coffee,  38  cents;  tea,  $1.25.  From  its  advertising 
patronage  we  have  compiled  the  following  business 
directory  :  Luna  Feed  and  Livery  stable,  Jack  Curry  ; 
Pioneer'  stables,  J.  B.  Rowley ;  general  stores,  Grostein 
&  Binnard,  Baldwin  Brothers,  James  Flanagan  & 
Company,  J.  Loewenberg,  Ankeny  &  Sons,  Bacon  & 
Thompson ;  general  commission  merchants,  J.  Vilott 
&  Company ;  drug  stores,  H.  W.  Stainton,  M.  A.  Kelly ; 
the  Luna  hotel,  L.  H.  Thompson;  Hotel  De  France, 
Madame  Le  Francois;  Globe  hotel,  August  Bittner; 
wood,  timber  and  shingles,  Charles  Carleton  & 
Company ;  hardware,  Burmell  Brothers ;  California 
bakery,  C.  Baker,  proprietor ;  flour  and  liquor  store, 
Vilott  &  Company :  Challenge  saloon,  Norton  &  Bun- 
ker ;  J.  Denny's  saloon ;  James  Hays's  saloon,  also  the 
saloons  of  Vincent  &  Dyer  and  A.  Gilman ;  the  Asotin 
Mill  Company  ;  harness  store,  Gill  &  Warden  ;  jeweler, 
Charles  G.  Kress:  brewery,  Gamble  &  Weisgerber; 
assay  office,  Richard  Hurley;  gunsmith,  M.  H. 
Sprague;  the  Oro  Fino  &  Pierce  City  express,  M. 
Fettis;  the  Warren's  Diggings  express,  just  estab- 
lished, W.  P.  Hunt  and  F.  G.  Hart ;  H.  W.  Stainton, 
physician;  W.  W.  Thayer  and  Alonzo  Leland,  at- 
torneys; H.  O.  Adams,  justice  of  the  peace. 

The  progressive  forces,  as  those  who  had  favored 
•  incorporation  were  styled,  continued  to  be  hampered 
in  their  efforts  by  a  practically  equally  opposing  force 
until  November  6,  1871,  when  Levi  Ankeny,  a  pioneer 
merchant,  was  elected  mayor  on  a  ticket  pledged  to 
progress.  The  first  matter  to  elicit  the  attention  of 
the  new  government  was  the  securing  of  a  title  to  the 
townsite.  Under  the  act  of  congress  approved  in  the 
spring  of  1867,  the  government  had  granted  the  city 
a  tract  of  land  one  square  mile  in  extent  at  the  junction 
of  the  Clearwater  and  Snake  rivers,  but  the  land  office 
had  as  yet  failed  to  act  in  granting  a  patent  and  the 
matter  was  held  in  abeyance.  Mayor  Ankeny  was 
authorized  to  cause  entry  to  be  made  in  his  name 
as  trustee  in  behalf  of  the  city  and  to  take  such  further 
action  as  was  necessary  to  secure  title  to  the  land.  As 
a  result  a  United  States  patent  was  in  due  course  of 
time  secured,  though  not  without  litigation.  It  appears 
that  one  Alonzo  Gilman  had  filed  a  few  months  before 
Mr.  Ankeny  on  several  lots  of  land  included  in  the 
townsite  of  Lewiston.  Under  permission  of  the  agent 
to  occupy  a  part  of  these  tracts  for  trade  purposes, 
Gilman  had,  in  1862,  settled  upon  a  small  portion  of 
the  land  claimed  by  him,  but  the  department  held  that 
no  acts  of  his  either  previous  or  subsequent  to  the 
ratification  of  the  treaty  could  secure  for  him  a  valid 
claim  to  the  land  or  any  part  of  it  and  his  claim 
was  therefore  rejected. 

In  1871  was  begun  a  project  favoring  the  further 
extension  of  the  tree  planting  and  beautifying  of 
Lewiston,  referred  to  above.  Wesley  Mulkey  was  the 
moving  spirit  in  the  enterprise.  He  organized  a  joint 


stock  company  with  a  capital  stock  of  $10,000  for  the 
purpose  of  digging  an  irrigating  ditch  through  the 
town.  The  plan  was  scouted  by  many,  who  offered  to 
wager  that  all  the  water  which  would  pass  through  the 
ditch  could  be  caught  in  a  hat,  but  the  more  enterpris- 
ing citizens  subscribed  the  stock  at  $25  per  share  and 
the  project  was  carried  to  a  successful  issue.  An 
ordinance  granting  the  Lewiston  Water  Ditch  and 
Mill  Company,  as  the  corporation  styled  itself,  the 
right  of  way  through  the  city  was  passed  February 
2,  1874,  and  the  ditch  was  completed  some  time  that 
year.  It  was  intended  at  first  for  irrigation  purposes 
only,  but  later  S.  C.  Hale  and  John  Brearley  planned 
and  built  a  flouring  mill  at  its  terminus,  which  re- 
sulted not  alone  in  the  inauguration  of  a  valuable  new 
enterprise  but  the  deepening  and  widening  of  the  ditch. 
After  passing  through  the  hands  of  several  different 
owners,  the  part  of  this  property  running  through  the 
city  was  amicably  transferred  in  1900  to  the  city  of 
Lewiston,  which  abandoned  it  as  an  aqueduct,  thus 
removing  one  of  the  ancient  landmarks  of  the  town 
and  an  improvement  which  had  done  its  part  in  build- 
ing the  picturesque  Lewiston  of  the  past  and  establish- 
ing the  "olden,  golden  glory  of  the  days  gone  by." 
The  half  decade  following  the  financial  crash  of 
1873  was  a  period  of  quiet  times  in  Lewiston,  though 
commercial  stagnation  was  never  experienced  and  the 
town  never  ceased  to  grow  slowly.  The  first  thing- 
to  thoroughly  arouse  the  people  was  the  outbreak  of 
the  Nez  Perces  war,  which  occasioned  a  meeting  of 
the  citizens  and  the  organization  of  the  Home  Guards, 
of  which  company,  Ed.  McConville,  who  later  won 
so  much  fame  in  the  Nez  Perces  and  Spanish-American 
wars,  was  elected  captain.  Hazen  Squier  was  first  lieu- 
tenant, George  Young,  second  lieutenant,  and  Charles 
G.  Kress,  orderly  sergeant.  The  muster  roll  of  the 
privates  was  a  follows:  Alexander  -  ,  Anderson 
William,  Billings  -  ,  Brearley  John,  Baird  Ezra, 
Baird  William,  Binnard  A.,  Boise  L.  B.,  Boise  William, 
Benson  A.,  Berry  J-  G.,  Boise  F.,  Bunnell  C.  C.,  Cox 
William,  Clark  John,  Coburn  C.  P.,  Collins,  M.,  Con- 
nelv  James,  Dennv  William,  Damas  A.,  Dunwell  L., 
Davis  P.  M.,  Denny  J.  W.,  Frost  G.,  Faunce  C.  E., 
Forster  William.  Forster  Alexander,  Fix  John,  Gros- 
tein R.,  Gale  H.,  Gilman  A.,  Glass  George,  Griffith 
Hale  N.,  Hale  L.  C.,  Holbrook  N.  B.,  Hud- 


, .,  .     .,  .     ., 

son  Thomas,  Hunt  W.  P..  Igo  William,  Jain  Jo 
Johnson  Dave,  Krep  C.  G.,  Knaggs  —  :  -  ,  Kelly  M. 
A.,  Kearny  J.,  Knifong  J.,  Loewenberg  B.,  Leland  A., 
Leland  Charles,  Minnomy  I-  B.,  McGrave  James,  Mc- 
Conville E.,  Monroe  R.  'j.',  Mulkey  W.,  Manning  G. 
A..  Manning  Fred,  McCormick  J.,  Monroe  Dave, 
Moxley  J.  Q.,  Noah  George,  Nollan  M.,  Penny 
George,  Rowley  L.,  Rowley  E.  A.,  Rand  J.,  Roberts 
John,  Stainton'  H.,  Squier'H.,  Schleicher  R.,  Shank 
Theodore,  Saux  Raymond,  Underwood  George,  Voll- 
mer  J.  P.,  Wiggin  L.,  Weisgerber  J..  Weisgerber  C., 
Williams  M.  M.,  Warner  J.  D.,  Wardwell  Dan., 
Wiklenthaler  S.,  Worden  Thomas,  Young  George, 
Yane  Joe,  bugler. 

Shortly  after  the  organization  of  the  Home  Guards, 
Governor   Bravman   authorized   the   formation  of  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


First  Regiment  ,  Idaho  National  Guards,  commission- 
ing Captain  Ed.  McConville  colonel  of  the  same. 
Company  A  was  immediately  organized  in  Lewiston, 
with  officers  and  membership  as  follows: 

Colonel  Ed  McConville,  Randolph  Kean,  Henry 
Archer,  John  Bruce,  Elmer  Colwell,  W.  S.  Stafford, 
William  Ritchey,  John  Woosherd,  Charles  Warnstoff, 
George  Pitt,  Henry  Pohlson,  Albert  Wisner,  Thomas 
Norman,  George  Gaunt,  Charles  Adams,  James  Salie, 
J.  S.  Pintter. 

June  17,  1877,  the  city  council  held  a  special  meet- 
ing to  consider  the  Indian  situation.  The  mayor  was 
authorized  to  send  a  telegram  to  Portland  asking  for 
arms  and  ammunition  from  the  citizens  of  that  city 
and  to  the  O.  S.  N.  Company,  which  brought  a  quick 
response  in  the  form  of  forty  York  rifles  and  a  sup- 
ply of  ammunition.  The  council  also  authorized  the 
construction  of  rifle  pits  and  other  means  of  defense, 
and  accordingly,  eight  or  ten  outposts  were  established 
on  the  high  plateau  south  of  the  city.  One  was  near 
the  top  of  the  present  grade  from  Snake  river  avenue, 
another  stood  between  that  and  what  is  now  Fifth 
street,  another  to  the  east  of  the  present  Fifth  street 
grade,-  one  in  front  of  the  site  of  H.  K.  Barnett's 
residence  and  the  remainder  between  that  and  the 
old  road  leading  from  Lewiston  to  Mount  Idaho.  At 
each  of  these  outposts  a  semi-circular  trench  two  or 
three  feet  deep  and  thirty-five  or  forty  feet  long  was 
dug.  Behind  the  embankment  thus  formed  four  or 
five  men  were  stationed  each  night.  Camp  fires  were 
forbidden  and  strict  military  discipline  was  enforced. 
This  nightly  guard  was  maintained  until  Joseph's  band 
had  been  driven  into  Montana,  though  the  danger  of 
an  attack  was  considered  slight  on  account  of  the 
fact  that  it  is  not  in  accordance  with  Indian  methods 
of  warfare  to  attack  large  towns  or  cities.  But  it 
was  thought  that  many  of  the  reservation  Indians 
were  really  in  sympathy  with  their  red  brethren  among 
the  hostile?,  and  as  a  revolt  among  them  would  be 
indeed  serious,  it  was  best  to  be  vigilant. 

Grostein  &  Binnard's  stone  store  was  the  strongest 
structure  in  the  city  and  the  best  adapted  for  use 
as  a  fortress  should  the  necessity  for  such  arise.  It 
was  therefore  arranged  that  in  case  of  attack  the 
women  and  children  should  gather  in  this  building 
while  the  men  manned  the  entrenchments  above  town. 
Fortunately  no  attack  was  ever  made,  though  there 
were,  the  usual  number  of  panics  among  the  people 
caused  by  the  unfounded  stories  of  highly  imaginative 
persons  or  the  fabrications  of  Madam  Rumor. 

While  the  war  damaged  Lewiston  in  a  number  of 
ways,  as  it  damaged  the  whole  of  the  north  Idaho 
country,  it  brought  a  measure  of  compensation  for 
the  harm  it  did  by  turning  the  attention  of  the  world 
in  this  direction.  Then,  too,  Lewiston  naturally  be- 
came the  headquarters  for  a  number  of  army 
officers  and  one  of  the  principal  bases  of  supplies. 
At  one  time,  it  is  said,  every  vacant  business  house 
in  the  city,  at  all  suited  to  the  purpose,  was  rented 
and  used  'as  a  department  office.  The  various  corps 
of  clerks  and  helpers,  the  camp  followers  and  the 
strangers  attracted  to  the  place  gave  Lewiston  a  lively 


appearance.  Some  of  the  army  men  suggested  that 
the  town  was  a  capital  place  for  the  establishment  of 
a  permanent  military  post,  and  the  citizens,  ever  ready 
to  push  any  movement  for  the  good  of  their  town, 
sent  numerously  signed  petitions  to  Washington  ask- 
ing that  a  post  be  stationed  here,  but  the  department 
did  not  see  its  way  clear  to  grant  the  request. 

The  year  after  the  war,  Lewiston  began  planning 
for  a  more  substantial  growth,  and  not  a  few  of  its 
leading  business  men  commenced  making  arrange- 
ments for  the  erection  of  fire  proof,  brick  and  stone 
buildings.  The  merchants,  who  had  theretofore  catered 
almost  entirely  to  the  miners'  trade,  were  asking  them- 
selves if  it  would  not  be  better  to  seek  to  build  up 
a  trade  with  the  farming  districts  to  the  north,  and 
the  press  was  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that  if  more 
effort  had  been  made  to  satisfy  the  fanners'  necessi- 
ties, the  occasion  for  several  rival  towns  in  Washing- 
ton territory  would  not  have  arisen.  In  short,  Lewis- 
ton  was  casting  about  for  something  to  take  the 
place,  in  furnishing  support,  of  the  declining  placer 
mines,  and  its  people  clearly  saw  that  their  hope  for 
the  future  lay  in  the  development  of  quartz  mining 
and  the  agricultural  resources  of  the  tributary  country. 
As  the  transition  from  one  industry  to  another  is 
necessarily  slow  in  any  community,  so  must  be  the 
growth  of  towns  depending  upon  regions  in  which  one 
source  of  revenue  becomes  exhausted  before  others  can 
be  built  up  to  take  its  place. 

During  the  summer  of  1879,  the  first  long  distance 
telegraph  line,  that  precursor  of  the  railroad,  was 
constructed  into  Nez  Perces  county  and  north  Idaho. 
It  was  a  branch  of  the  main  military  line,  built  to  con- 
nect Dayton  with  Fort  Lapwai,  and  the  citizens  of 
Lewiston  subsidized  the  enterprise  with  a  free  office  in 
the  town  and  several  hundred  poles,  with  the  under- 
standing that  they  might  use  the  line  when  not  in  the 
rvice  of  the  military.  The  following  is  the  first 
telegram  sent  from  Lewiston  over  the  wire : 

Lewiston,  I.  T.,  June  17,  1879,  5  p-  M- 
To  the  Mayor  and  Citizens  of  Dayton,  W.  T.,  Greet- 
ings, 

The  people  of  Lewiston  are  happy  to  announce  to 
you  by  way  of  first  telegram  over  the  first  U.  S. 
Government  line  yet  established  north  of  San  Diego, 
California,  that  they  hold  sacred  in  this  manner  this 
the  anniversary  of  "the  struggle  of  our  forefathers  on 
Bunker  Hill. 

A.  Leland,  H.  Squier,  J.  P.  Vollmer,  D.  J.  Warner, 
C.  C.  Bunnell,  N.  W.  Brearley,  W.  F.  Kettenbach, 
C.  G.  Kress,  A.  Gilman,  E.  A.  McAllister,  Ed.  Pearcy, 
Loewenberg  Bros.,  C.  B.  Reynolds,  G.  A.  Manning, 
C.  F.  Leland,  T.  Alexander,  E.  J.  Bonhore,  Eph. 
Bunker.  Grostein  &  Binnard,  I.  C.  Baldwin,  M.  M. 
Williams,  J.  M.  Silcott,  and  others. 

Lewiston  claims  the  honor  of  having  had  the  first 
local  telephone  system  in  the  northwest.  It  was  put 
in  by  John  P.  Vollmer  in  1878  and  consisted  of  an 
exchange  of  three  phones. 

The  decade  between  1880  and  1890  does  not  seem 
to  have  brought  any  great  good  fortune  or  any  serious 
disaster  to  Lewiston,  and  while  the  period  was  an  ) 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


important  one  and  witnessed  a  slow,  substantial 
growth,  it  is  not  crowded  with  events  such  as  would  be 
read  about  with  interest  if  presented  in  full  detail. 
The  former  year  brought  a  great  reduction  in  ferry 
rates  across  the  Snake  and  Clearwater  rivers, — an 
important  concesion  from  a  commercial  point  of  view 
as  it  encouraged  trade  to  come  this  way.  During  the 
fall  of  1 88 1,  the  city  paid  its  tribute  of  respect  to 
the  memory  of  the  martyred  President  Garfield.  An 
event  of  unusual  importance  in  1883  was  the  4th  of 
July  celebration,  attended  by  large  crowds  from  Union- 
town,  Genessee,  Asotin,  Pomeroy,  Pataha,  Alpowai, 
Waha,  Lapwai  and  many  other  points  in  Idaho  and 
Washington;  two  hundred  Indians  from  the  reser- 
vation, and  last  but  not  least  Governor  J.  B.  Neil, 
said  to  be  the  first  chief  executive  of  the  territory  to 
visit  north  Idaho  since  1864.  In  1883  the  town  ex- 
perienced a  fire  of  considerable  magnitude,  though 
fortunately  very  little  damage  was  inflicted  upon  the 
white  population.  About  half  past  four  o'clock  on 
the  morning  of  November  igth,  the  flames  burst  forth 
in  the  Chinese  section,  and  before  their  progress  could 
be  stayed,  the  entire  block  was  in  ashes.  Thirteen 
buildings  were  destroyed,  all  of  them  occupied  by 
Chinamen  except  a  wagon  shop  in  which  Lot  Wiggin's 
tools  and  equipment  were,  and  the  dwelling  of  J.  E. 
Sheppard.  Both  the  white  men  succeeded  in  saving 
most  of  their  valuables,  and  the  fire  was  not  greatly 
deplored  as  it  removed  a  block  which  had  been  an  eye- 
sore in  the  city  for  a  long  time. 

On  May  31,  1887,  the  water  in  the  rivers  rose  to 
a  height  unprecedented  in  the  experience  of  white  men. 
Pioneers  of  1862,  who  had  marked  the  highest  water 
of  that  flood  year,  stated  that  their  marks  were  fully 
eighteen  inches  below  the  surface  of  the  highest  water 
of  1887.  The  greater  portion  of  the  town  north  of 
B  street  became  seriously  inundated.  Fences  were 
washed  away,  cellars  and  houses  were  flooded,  build- 
ings were  moved  from  their  foundations  and  carried 
down  Main  street  in  spite  of  the  exertions  of  their 
owners  and  such  others  as  could  lend  a  hand.  Dykes 
built  for  the  protection  of  property  proved  inadequate 
and  many  of  those  who  relied  upon  them  were  flooded 
so  suddenly  that  they  could  not  even  save  their  furni- 
ture and  household  goods.  The  steamboat  wharf  and 
warehouse  were  washed  away  and  much  other  dam- 
age done,  the  principal  sufferers  being  poor  people 
who  could  ill  afford  what  they  lost.  No  high  water 
•disaster  previously  experienced  by  the  town  could 
compare  with  this  one  in  magnitude. 

Lewiston's  first  fire  of  any  consequence  occurred  in 
the  fall  of  1890,  when  a  conflagration  thought  to  have 
been  of  incendiary  origin,  took  place  in  the  shingle 
yard  of  W.  S.  Wyncoop.  Eighteen  thousand  dollars' 
•worth  of  bolting  timber,  cedar  posts,  shingles  and  other 
property  was  destroyed,  also  S.  L.  Thompson's  resi- 
dence. The  mill  and  all  other  surrounding  buildings 
were,  however,  fortunately  saved,  not  through  the 
efforts  of  the  fire  department,  which  was  in  a  state 
of  disintegration  at  the  time,  but  by  the  populace  with 
buckets  of  all  descriptions.  "Many  held  the  opinion," 
-says  the  Teller,  "that  the  fire  in  the  upper  town  was 


only  a  decoy  to  lure  the  citizens  there  while  another 
fire  would  be  started  in  the  business  portion.  An 
additional  force  was,  therefore,  added  to  the  night 
patrol,  but  nothing  transpired  to  justify  the  suspicions 
held.  The  property  loss  was  covered  by  $12,000  i 


jred. 

The   fire   demonstra'ted   very   forcibly   the   need   of   a 
thoroughly  organized  fire  department." 

But  the  year  1890  was  not  one  of  disaster  through- 
out,— the  contrary  rather,  for  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  Company  had  promised  to  build  a  railway 
extension  into  the  city  and  the  hope  of  an  immediate 
solution  of  the  transportation  problem  was  stimulat- 
ing activity  in  many  lines.  It  is  stated  that  during  the 
first  week  in  May  $50,000  worth  of  Lewiston  real 
estate  changed  hands.  During  this  year,  also,  the  first 
determined  effort  was  made  to  supply  the  town  with 
water  and  electric  lights.  The  Lewiston  Water  & 
Light  Company,  in  which  several  Portland  capitalists 
were  interested,  was  organized  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $100,000  and  by  July  enough  of  this  had  been  sub- 
scribed and  paid  up  to  justify  the  commencement  of 
the  construction  work.  Engineer  Bloomfield,  who  had 
charge  of  the  enterprise,  is  quoted  as  having  referred 
to  it  in  the  following  language: 

"After  a  careful  'examination,  the  Cleaj water  river  • 
at  a  point  about  two  and  a  half  miles  above  the  town, 
lias  been  selected  as  the  source  of  supply.  That  this 
stream  is  not  misnamed  can  be  seen  at  its  confluence 
with  the  Snake  river.  The  latter  river  is  charged  with 
sedimentary  matter  and  is  highly  alkaline,  while  Clear- 
water  is  soft,  clear  and  free  from  impurities,  and  as 
they  meet,  the  two  waters  are  as  distinct  as  a  blue 
and  a  brown  ribbon,  side  by  side. 

"The  works  will  be  a  pumping  system  having  a 
capacity  of  two  million  gallons,  raised  to  an  elevation 
of  225  feet,  giving  a  pressure  of  97  pounds  per  square 
inch  in  the  lower  and  business  portion  of  the  town, 
and  will  give  the  beautiful  plateau  above  the  bluff 
ample  pressure  for  all  purposes. 

"The  plant  will  consist  of  a  brick  engine  and  boiler 
house,  forty  by  forty  feet,  on  a  concrete  foundation 
fourteen  feet  high  along  the  river  front,  into  which 
is  built  the  heavy  wrought  iron  inlet  pipe  and  pump 
well,  with  their  attached  gate  and  foot  valve.  The 
inlet  pipe  will  be  five  feet  below  extreme  low  water. 
The  engine  will  be  of  the  modern  type  of  double 
compound  condensing  engines.  The  boiler  will  be 
of  steel,  85  horse  power,  with  a  steam  pressure  of 
]2O  pounds.  The  reservoir  will  be  cement  lined  and 
of  a  capacity  of  1,500,000  gallons.  The  mains  will 
be  8  66-100  miles  long,  consisting  of  12,  10,  8,  5  and 
4  inch  pipe." 

Another  enterprise  projected  this  year,  which  would 
have  proved  of  immeasurable  benefit  had  it  been  car- 
ried to  a  successful  consummation,  was  that  of  the 
Sweetwater  Irrigation  Company,  organized  to  con- 
struct a  ditch  seventeen  miles  in  length  to  convey  the 
waters  of  Sweetwater  creek  to  Lewiston.  It  was  in- 
tended to  store  the  water  in  reservoirs  on  the  flat 
above  town,  to  be  distributed  whenever  and  wherever 
needed. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


During  the  spring  of  1891,  the  Lewiston  Chamber 
of  Commerce  was  organized  with  T.  B.  Cooper  as 
president,  and  W.  S.  Buck,  corresponding  secretary. 
Committees  were  appointed  to  perfect  the  organi- 
zation and  attend  to  its  detail  work.  The  old  Board 
of  Trade  had  lost  its  vitality  and  a  new  organization 
was  necessary  that  the  best  interests  of  the  city  should 
be  conserved.  Company  I,  of  the  Idaho  National 
Guards,  was  likewise  organized  in  Lewiston,  on  March 
1 3th,  Fred  Kroutinger  being  chosen  captain,  C.  A. 
Forseman  and  J.  H.  Robinson  lieutenants. 

The  water  system,  begun  during  the  previous 
twelvemonth,  was  completed  this  year  giving  the  city 
one  of  the  finest  plants  of  its  kind  in  the  northwest, 
outside  the  large  cities.  The  engine  was  said  to  have 
a  capacity  of  700,000  gallons  per  day  of  ten  hours, 
and  the  reservoir,  situated  half  a  mile  south  of  the 
pump  house,  a  capacity  of  one  million  gallons. 

Residents  of  Portland  and  The  Dalles  will  re- 
member that  the  year  1894  was  one  of  grave  disasters 
by  the  flood  of  those  cities  and  other  Columbia  river 
towns.  Naturally  the  same  conditions  obtained  in 
Lewiston.  We  have  spoken  of  the  record  breaking 
high  water  of  1887,  but  the  flood  of  this  year  left  the 
highest  mark  of  that  fully  thirty  inches  under  water. 
For  two  weeks  during  the  last  of  May  and  first 
of  June,  citizens  held  back  the  raging  torrent  by  means 
of  dykes  constructed  of  sacks  of  sand  and  loose  dirt, 
but  on  the  third  of  the  latter  month  the  force  of  the 
waters  could  no  longer  be  resisted  and  about  2 130 
o'clock  the  bell  gave  warning  that  the  flood  had  gained 
the  victory.  Persons  living  in  the  lower  portion  of 
the  city  had  moved  out  in  anticipation  of  this,  there- 
by reducing  the  damage  to  a  minumum.  The  Main 
street  business  men  had  moved  everything  out  of  their 
basements.  They  were  not  looking  for  water  six 
inches  over  their  floors,  however,  but  that  is  just 
what  came,  catching  them  unprepared  and  greatly 
damaging  their  goods.  The  people  on  the  low  ground 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  courthouse  were  also  taken  by 
surprise,  their  dyke  having  betrayed  the  trust  they 
had  reposed  in  it.  Sidewalks,  fences  and  other  movable 
objects  were  carried  away  and  deposited  around  some 
obstruction  and  the  irrepressible  small  boy  found  much 
sport  in  navigating  the  center  of  the  street  on  a  piece 
of  drift.  Fortunately  these  conditions  were  of  short 
duration  and  in  a  few  days  the  city  had  a  force  of 
men  at  work  removing  the  debris  and  replacing  the 
sidewalks.  It  is  said  that  $700  was  expended  by  the 
council  in  this  manner. 

It  might  be  supposed  that  the  flood  and  the  financial 
depression  would  have  a  very  deleterious  effect  upon 
the  prosperity  and  development  of  the  town,  but  we 
are  assured  that  there  were  no  hard  times  in  Lewiston 
such  as  were  experienced  in  other  points  in  the  north- 
west and  that  a  steady  forward  movemjent  was  main- 
tained, though  of  course  the  pace  of  the  progressive 
march  was  of  necessity  reduced  somewhat.  In  1895 
came  the  opening  of  the  reservation,  causing  an  influx 
of  home  seekers  and  the  distribution  of  hundreds,  nay 

Lewiston  merchants.     These  causes  were  efficient  to 


overcome  the  depressing  influence  of  outside  conditions 
and  to  produce  a  period  of  prosperity  which  lasted 
until  the  clouds  had  cleared  from  the  country's  financial 
sky.  When  good  times  came  Lewiston  had  no 
despondency  to  rally  from  and  it  was  ready  to  enter 
upon  a  career  of  rapid  advancement  which  has  con- 
tinued to  this  day. 

The  spring  of  1896  saw  the  commencement  of 
work,  by  the  Lewiston  Water  &  Power  Company,  on 
an  irrigation  ditch  from  Asotin  creek  to  Lewiston 
flats,  just  across  Snake  river  in  the  state  of  Washing- 
ton. In  January,  1897,  the  work  was  completed.  It 
gave  a  wonderful  impetus  to  settlement  and  develop- 
ment in  that  section  of  the  country  and  to  the  up- 
building of  Clarkston,  Lewiston's  sister  city,  which 
is  so  closely  connected  with  the  Idaho  town  by  the 
bridge  across  Snake  river  as  to  make  the  two  practic- 
ally one  city. 

In  1897,  the  year  of  railway  construction  into 
Lewiston,  and  the  year  of  unprecedented  advancement 
in  the  history  of  the  town,  was  marred  by  a  rather 
serious  fire  which  occurred  on  the  evening  of  the  8th 
of  August.  The  cause  of  the  conflagration  was  the 
explosion  of  a  lantern  in  the  hay  mow  of  Collins's 
livery  barn,  which  was  consumed  with  the  outbuildings 
belonging  thereto.  The  entire  block  was  wiped  out  of  • 
existence,  the  buildings  destroyed  being  J.  B.  Mun- 
shaw's  house,  the  residence  of"  N.  B.  Holbrook,  that 
occupied  by  J.  O.  Barbour  and  a  log  building  owned 
by  Martin  Collins.  Mr.  Munshaw,  who  was  operating 
the  stables  under  lease  at  the  time,  lost  but  $600,  most 
of  his  property  being  covered  by  insurance,  but  Col- 
lins' loss  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  four  thousand 
dollars  and  Holbrook's  two  thousand.  Only  the 
fortunate  presence  of  plenty  of  water  and  the  efficie 
work  of  firemen  and  citizens  saved  the  lower  end  of 
the  town  from  destruction. 

No  general  disaster  of  any  kind  detracted  from  the 
blessings  of  the  prosperous  year  1898  in  Lewiston. 
Five  substantial  brick  blocks  added  to  the  solidity  of 
the  town,  while  numerous  residences  of  a  good  class 
improved  its  appearance  and  added  to  its  size.  The 
Lewiston  Commercial  Club  was  organized  this  year, 
former  institutions  of  the  kind  having  apparently  fallen 
into  "innocuous  desuetude."  Its  officers  elected  Sep- 
tember ^th,  were:  President,  B.  F.  Morris;  vice- 
presidents,  J.  P.  Vollmer  and  Robert  Schleicher :  treas- 
urer, George  H.  Kester;  trustees,  J.  Alexander,  W. 
A.  Austin,  A.  H.  Alford,  E.  H.  Libby,  J.  B.  Morris, 
C.  Weisgerber,  J.  E,  Babb,  C.  C.  Bunnell,  J.  W.  Reid 
and  O.  A.  Kjos.  The  advent  of  the  railroad  and  the 
general  prosperity  were  celebrated  by  a  harvest  car 
val,  attended  by  hundreds  from  the  surrounding  coun- 
try and  hundreds  more  who  came  in  from  points  be- 
tween Spokane  and  Lewiston  on  two  special  railw 
trains. 

The  causes  which  produced  the  good  times  of 
1898.,  viz.:  the  interest  in  the  section  of  transconti- 
nental railway  companies,  the  presence  of  transpor- 
tation facilities,  the  increased  knowledge  of  tributary 
resources,  and  the  development  of  various  Salmon 
river  mining  districts,  continued  operative  during  the 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ensuing  twelvemonth  and  the  year  1900  opened  with 
bright  prospects  for  a  continuous  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  the  town.  One  question  of  importance  which 
arose  during  this  year  was  the  securing  of  a  better 
and  more  satisfactory  water  supply.  Those  residing 
upon  the  hill  complained  that  the  provision  for  their 
necessities  was  insufficient  and  as  scores  of  new- 
houses  were  being  erected  and  scores  more  were  in 
contemplation,  the  need  of  solving  the  water  problem 
was  rapidly  becoming  more  urgent.  Accordingly  the 
city  council  made  overtures  to  the  Lewiston  Water 
&  Light  Company  for  the  purchase  of  their  plant, 
and  the  company  expressing  a  willingness  to  sell,  T. 
B.  Cooper,  an  expert,  was  employed  to  estimate  the 
value  of  the  system.  He  reported  its  worth  $54,- 
934.36.  The  company  asked  a  much  larger  sum. 
Though  the  council  expressed  its  willingness  to  accept 
the  terms  of  the  owners  of  the  system,  the  transaction 
hung  fire  until  the  fall  of  1901,  when  a  newly  elected 
council  brought  matters  to  a  crisis  by  reducing  the 
water  rates  more  than  twenty-five  per  cent.  The 
company  refused  to  accept  the  reduction  and  took  the 
case  into  court  where  a  decision  was  rendered  against 
them. 

Meanwhile  a  special  election  was  decided  upon,  to 
vote  upon  the  issuance  of  $80,000  in  bonds  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  the  city  to  own  its  water  and 
light  plant.  The  election  was  held  November  I9th. 
The  bonding  proposition  carried  by  a  large  majority, 
over  90  per  cent  of  the  votes  being  in  its  favor. 
The  Lewiston  Water  &  Light  Company  again  went 

|  into  court  asking  that  the  city'  be  restrained  from 
opening  bids  submitted  for  the  purchase  of  the  bonds, 
alleging  that  the  election  was  irregular  and  that  the 
Company's  franchise  was  exclusive.  The  court  re- 
fused the  injunction.  The  bids  were  opened  and  that 
of  Teasongood  &  Mayer,  bankers  of  Cincinnati,  ac- 
cepted. These  gentlemen  offered  a  premium  of 
$68.80  per  thousand,  bonds  to  bear  interest  at  the 
rate  of  5  per  cent.  The  city  went  ahead  with  its 
plans  to  construct  a  new  water  system  and  the  Lewis- 
ton  Water  &  Light  Company  proceeded  with  its  suit 
in  the  courts  of  the  state.  Meanwhile,  however,  nego- 
tiations were  continued  for  the  purchase  of  the  sys- 
tem already  constructed  and  after  several  conferences 
between  committees  representing  the  two  interests, 

.  it  was  finally  agreed  that  the  city  should  take  the 
company's  plant  for  a  cash  price  of  $70,000,  all  suits 
by  the  latter  to  be  held  in  abeyance  until  the  contract 
for  purchase  should  be  signed,  then  dismissed  without 
prejudice,  each  party  paying  its  own  costs.  The 
terms  of  agreement  were  accepted  by  the  council  on 
the  evening  of  March  10,  1902,  and  confirmed  by  the 
voters  at  an  election  held  April  24th  of  the  same 
year. 

August  28,  1902,  the  city  voted  to  authorize  the 
sale  of  ten  thousand  dollars  street  improvement 
bonds,  the  proceeds  to  be  used  in  grading  Main  street 
between  Fifth  street  and  the  courthouse,  the  gravel 
to  be  taken  from  the  Fifth  street  cut.  Work  upon 
this  much  needed  improvement  is  still  in  progress  at 
this  writing,  and  the  great  good  accruing  from  it  in 


giving  the  city  a  clean  and  solid  business  street  and 
the  people  of  Normal  hill  the  benefit  of  an  easy  grade 
to  their  elevated  homes  is  abundantly  justifying  the 
vote  of  1 08  to  53  by  which  the  bond  issue  was 
authorized. 

Perhaps  the  developments  that  have  taken  place 
between  the  time  when  Lewiston  was  a  town  of  tents 
encroaching  upon  an  Indian  reservation  and  the  pres- 
ent cannot  be  better  summarized  than  by  enumerating 
the  various  business  enterprises  which  are  being  sus- 
tained within  its  limits  to-day  and  the  men  at  their 
heads.  It  is  difficult  to  be  sure  that  some  of  these 
have  not  been  omitted,  but  practically  all  are  in- 
cluded in  the  following:  The  dry  goods  and  furnish- 
ing stores  of  John  P.  Vollmer  &  Company,  O.  A. 
Kjos  and  John  M.  Fix,  also  the  Grand  Leader  and  the 
Bee  Hive;  the  grocery  stores  of  E.  L.  Russell,  Reed 
&  Brashears,  W.  R.  Wyatt,  Merriam  Brothers,  C.  A. 
Phelps,  the  Lewiston  Grocery  &  Bakery  Company, 
the  Golden  Rule  and  the  Normal  Hill  Grocery 
Company;  the  art  store  of  Fair  &  Thompson;  White 
Brothers  and  A.  S.  Burnett,  wholesale  dealers  in 
fruits  and  vegetables;  the  music  store  and  supply 
house  of  W.  H.  Young;  Charles  Hahn,  Naylor  & 
Norlind,  plumbing;  Lewiston  Trading  Company, 
dealers  in  agricultural  implements,  carriages,  etc. ;  the 
drug  stores  of  J.  Q.  Moxley,  Ray  &  Osmer,  Dent  & 
Butler,  the  Lewiston  Drug  Company;  the  shoe  store 
of  C.  A.  Hastings;  the  hardware  stores  of  G.  W. 
Fletcher,  Myers  &  Neyland,  and  the  Cash  Hardware 
Company ;  the  clothing  stores  of  Meuli  &  Lomax  and 
H.  A.  Nixon;  D.  J.  McGilvery,  L.  C.  Neal  and  the 
Lewiston  Furniture  &  Undertaking  Company,  deal- 
ers in  furniture  and  house  furnishings;  the  harness 
and  saddle  store  of  R.  M.  Coburn ;  the  J.  S.  Cox  and 
R.  L.  Pennewell  Outfitting  Companies ;  the  jewelry 
stores  of  Charles  G.  Kress,  George  H.  Lake,  J.  H. 
Bethel  and  H.  Haines;  L.  Diebek,  manufacturing 
jeweler;  the  Idaho  National  Bank,  W.  P.  Hurlburt, 
president,  C.  D.  Thomas,  cashier;  the  Lewiston 
National,  W.  F.  Kettenbach,  president,  G.  H.  Kester, 
cashier;  the  First  National,  J.  P.  Vollmer,  president, 
E.  W.  Eaves,  cashier;  (this  last  is  the  strongest  bank 
in  the  state  and  among  the  national  banks  of  the 
American  Union,  it  was  officially  ranked  in  1901  the 
fifty-seventh)  ;  the  stationery  and  news  depot  of 
Thatcher  &  Kling;  the  Idaho  Tea  Company;  the 
galleries  of  E.  G.  Cummings,  J.  W.  Gomon'd,  and 
E.  Fortin,  photographers ;  the  Boss  Meat  Market,  also 
the  meat  markets  of  Ehrman  &  Company,  Dill 
Brothers,  A.  M.  Cherier,  F.  M.  Long  &  Sons;  the 
Mark  Means  Company,  distributors  and  manufac- 
turers' agents ;  Pring  Candy  Company,  manufacturers 
of  confectionery;  the  Arcade,  the  Boss,  Shafer  & 
Heller,  Mallory  &  Lydon,  the  White  Front,  Idaho 
and  Farmers'  livery  and  feed  stables;  the  fruit,  cigar 
and  confectionery  stores  of  M.  N.  Farmer,  S.  A. 
Coppinger,  and  George  F.  Loeb;  E.  L.  Wig-gin,  H. 
R.  Miller  and  Louis  "Grostein,  dealers  in  cigars  and 
tobacco ;  W.  T.  Carpenter,  dealer  in  curios ;  A.  J. 
Kraudelt,  confectionery;  Theodore  Hartman,  John 
C.  Manson,  F.  Hacker  &  Company,  Aurelio  Farren 


.HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  J.  J.  Philippi,  tailors;  Ora  L.  Kennedy,  Mrs. 
Elaine  Ritchie,  milliners;  M.  H.  Sprague,  bicycles; 
H.  T.  Madgwick,  dealer  in  shingles,  lime  and  brick; 
A.  Sempert,  store  and  office  fixtures;  A.  C.  Coburn, 
sign  painter ;  the  Lewiston  '  Junk  Shop,  Shank  & 
Calvert,  proprietors;  Idaho  Steam  Laundry  Comp- 
any; H.  K.  Barnett  and  the  Nez  Perces  County  Ab- 
stract Company,  abstracters ;  K.  Wong  Yick  &  Com- 
pany, general  merchandise;  Trader  &  Bartlett,  manu- 
facturers of  H.  &  K.  cigars ;  the  Nez  Perces  Machine 
Works ;  C.  F.  Grimm,  C.  B.  Nelson,  William  Wright, 
R.  W.  Carter,  blacksmiths:  the  White  Labor,  the 
Woman's  Exchange  and  the  Boston  lunch  counters; 
Imperial,  John  Long  and  O.  K.  barber  shops;  the 
Lewiston  Bottling  Works;  the  brewery  of  Christ 
Weisgerber;  the  planing  mill  of  E.  A.  Rowley;  H.  T. 
Best,  machinist;  William  Agnew,  gunsmith;  J. 
Schwert,  shoemaker;  Huber  &  Frazier,  F.  R.  Seidel, 
builders  and  contractors;  the  Vollmer  Clearwater 
Company  and  Kettenbach  Grain  Company,  exporters 
of  grain  and  flax;'F.  W.  Kettenbach,  insurance  agent; 
Collins'  feed  store;  the  Standard  and  Idaho  dairy 
companies;  T.  S.  Williams,  upholstering;  the  Lewis- 
ton  Business  and  Shorthand  College,  Margaret  Slat- 
tery,  proprietor;  Skinner  &  Mounce,  Potvin  &  Howe, 
Kroutinger  &  Cox,  Wade  R.  Parks,  J.  W.  Willison 
&  Company ;  F.  W.  Godard  &  Company,  S.  S.  Rogers 
&  Company  and  J.  M.  Edwards  &  Company,  real  es- 
tate agents ;  the  Raymond  House,  the  Grand,  the  Bel- 
linger. Hotel  De  France,  the  Scully,  the  White  House, 
the  Grand  Central,  the  Thatcher,  the  Spokane  and  the 
Columbia,  hotels;  the  Lewiston  Mercantile  Company, 
a  wholesale  house;  the  Lewiston  Milling  Company, 
capacity  200  barrels  of  flour  per  day ;  Ernest  McCul- 
lough,  Frank  Doughty  and  I.  L.  Galbraith,  civil  engi- 
neers and  architects';  M.  E.  Adams,  mining  engineer; 
Charles  W.  Shaft.  J.  B.  Morris,  John  F.  Hurlbut,  F. 
L.  Hinkley,  F.  S.  Stirling,  J.  Marion  Smith,  C.  C. 
Phillips,  S.  A.  Roe,  I.  S.  Collins.  S.  Salzburg,  physi- 
cians and  surgeons;  R.  Victor  Kuhn,  J.  J.  Randall,  J. 
F.  Atkinson,  dentist ;  Hattie  Lorton  and  J.  H.  Watson, 
osteopaths;  E.  O'Neil.  James  W.  Poe,  McFarland  & 
McFarland,  J.  N.  Smith,  Johnson  &  Halsey,  Price  E. 
Stookey,  G.  W.  Tannahill,  Tohn  B.  Anderson,  R.  S. 
Anderson,  James  E.  Babb,.  Crow  &  Williams,  John  E. 
Nickerson,  Ray  Walker,  Thomas  Mullen,  Wade  R. 
Parks,  Bender  &  Alley,  D.  W.  Bailey,  Frederick  D. 
Culver,  lawyers ;  Adrain  D.  Sweet,  A.  G.  Glidden  and 
M.  L.  Stowe,  stenographers. 

While  Lewiston  has  suffered  greatly  in  times  past 
for  lack  of  transportation  facilities  and  is  still  look- 
nig  forward  to  the  advantages  which  an  open  rivei 
to  the  sea  and  one  or  more  transcontinental  railways 
will  give,  the  town  has  no  great  reason  for  complaint 
on  this  score  at  the  present  time.  The  Northern  Pa- 
cific Railroad  maintains  a  daily  passenger  service  be- 
tween the  city  and  Spokane ;  the  Clearwater  passen- 
ger leaves  Lewiston  each  afternoon  for  interior  points, 
returning  the  following  morning;  while  accommoda- 
tion trains  are  run  over  the  Lapwai  branch  to  Culde- 
sac  three  times  weekly  and  oftener  during  the  shipping 
season.  The  Oregon  Railway  &  Navigation  Company- 


operates  a  fine  line  of  passenger  and  freight  boats  be- 
tween Lewiston  and  Riparia.  At  present  the  Spok- 
ane, the  Lewiston  and  the  Norma,  each  of  250  tons 
burden,  are  in  use,  the  first  two  alternating  with  each 
other  so  as  to  give  a  daily  service,  the  last  running 
only  when  business  demands.  Captain  E.  W.  Baugh- 
man,  the  pioneer  navigator  and  one  of  the  first  crew 
to  bring  a  steamer  up  the  Snake  river  to  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Clearwater,  is  in  charge  of  the  Spokane, 
Captain  E.  H.  Works,  of  the  Lewiston  and  Captain 
Ralph  Baughman  of  the  Norma.  A  fifty  ton  boat,  the 
Imnaha,  is  being  built  by  local  capitalists  to  run  on  the 
upper  Snake  river.  During  the  wheat  shipping  sea- 
son, the  Northern  Pacific  operates  the  steamer  J.  M. 
Hannaford  between  Lewiston  and  points  on  the  Co- 
lumbia. 

The  Pacific  States  Telephone  Company  and  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  furnish  to  Lewis- 
ton  wire  connection  with  all  the  important  towns  and 
cities  of  the  northwest,  while  the  Lookout  Telephone 
Company,  a  local  corporation,  has  erected  a  network 
of  lines  connecting  various  towns  and  stations  in  the 
country  surrounding  Lewiston.  Stage  lines  radiate  in 
several  directions  giving  communication  and  close 
connection  with  numerous  towns  and  villages  not 
reached  by  the  railroads.  One  of  the  finest  steel 
bridges  in  the  northwest,  erected  in  1898-9  by  the 
promoters  of  Vineland,  in  Asotin  county,  Washington, 
spans  the  Snake  river  between  Lewiston  and  Clarks- 
ton,  making  the  relationship  between  the  two  towns 
very  intimate. 

The  fraternal  spirit  is  strong  in  Lewiston,  as  in 
most 'other  towns  of  the  west  and  many  fraternities 
are  represented.  The  Masons  have  recently  sub- 
scribed $50,000  for  the  erection  of  a  Masonic  temple, 
a  fact  which  shows  the  strength  of  that  society  among 
our  people.  The  different  Masonic  bodies  maintained 
in  the  city  are  the  Knights  of  Rose  Croix,  No.  I,, 
the  Knights  of  Kadosh,  No.  I,  Lewiston  Consistory 
No.  i,  the  Scottish  Rite,  Lewiston  Chapter  No.  4, 
Royal  Arch,  York  Rite,  Lewiston  Commandery  No. 
2.  Knights  Templar,  Nez  Perces  Lodge  No.  10,  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.,  and  Lewiston  Lodge  of  Perfection,  No.  i. 
The  Odd  Fellows,  who  own  a  handsome  brick  hall 
in  Lewiston,  are  represented  by  Clearwater  Encamp- 
ment No.  7,  and  Lewiston  Lodge  No.  8.  Among  the 
other  fraternal  orders  of  the  town  are:  Excelsior 
Lodge  No.  2,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Poplar  Camp  No. 
205.  Woodmen  of  the  World,  Tsceminicum  Tribe  No. 
8.  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  Clearwater  Lodge 
No.  11,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Lewiston  Council  of  the  Royal 
Arcanum  and  a  camp  of  Modern  Woodmen,  many  of  ] 
which  have  their  various  ladies'  auxiliaries. 

Two  important  literary  clubs  are  maintained  in  the 
town,  both  women's  societies.     The  older,  organized 
in   the    fall   of  .1899,   is   known   as   the   Tsceminicum 
club,  deriving  its  'name  from  the  Nez  Perces  words    I 
signifying  "at  the  forks  of  the  river."     It  meets  fort-  j 
nightly  at  the  homes  of  its  members  for  the  render- 
ing of  literary  programs.     This  club  is  to  be  credited 
almost    entirely    with    the    founding,    in    September, 
10,00,  of  what  is  now  the  city  library.    The  conditions 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


upon  which  the  ladies  donated  their  collection  of 
books  to  the  city  was  that  it  should  be  furnished  at 
public  expense  with  a  library  home  and  that  its  use 
should  be  free  to  all  residents  of  Lewiston.  From 
time  to  time  since,  the  Tsceminicum  club  has,  by 
giving  library  benefits  in  the  form  of  public  entertain- 
ments, sales,  lectures,  etc.,  secured  the  money  with 
which  to  purchase  additional  books.  The  library  has 
also  been  the  beneficiary  of  the  benevolence  of  Charles 
F.  Adams,  the  Boston  philanthropist,  and  is  indebted 
to  Senator  Heitfelt  for  securing  it  hundreds  of  docu- 
ments and  government  reports.  The  collection  con- 
sists now  of  2,837  volumes,  to  which,  according  to 
the  card  issue,  1,479  persons  have  had  access.  Mar- 
garet G.  Guyer  has  been  librarian  since  the  inception  of 
the  enterprise  and  to  her  is  due  the  credit  for  the 
library's  skillful  management  and  its  careful  classi- 

The  other  library  society,  known  as  the  Twentieth 
Century  Club,  is  very  similar  to  the  Tsceminicum  in 
its  objects  and  organization,  but  it  is  a  somewhat 
younger  society.  Besides  these,  there  is  what  is 
known  as  the  Cecilian  society,  maintained,  as  its  name 
implies,  for  the  purpose  of  cultivating  the  musical 
faculties  of  its  members. 

Six  church  societies  have  been  organized  in  Le'wis- 
ton,  the  Catholic,  the  Presbyterian,  the  Methodist, 
the  Episcopal,  the  Christian  and  the  Baptist,  of  which 
the  presiding  pastors  are  respectively,  Revs.  Hubert 
A.  Post,  S.  J.,  E.  P.  Giboney,  John  R.  Gregory,  Ever- 
«tt  Smith,  J.  A.  Pine  and  R.  T.  Guernsey. '  All  of 
these  denominations  are  comfortably  and  satisfactorily 

i   housed  except  the  Baptist,  which  intends  building  a 

[  new  church  edifice  in  the  near  future.  These  church 
societies  are  all  vital  and  active,  contributing  im- 
measurably to  the  moral  and  spiritual  life  of  the  com- 
munity. The  Catholics  are  projecting  a  new  hospital, 

•  to  be  under  the  charge  of  the  sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  and 
to  be  known  as  St.  Joseph's  hospital.  It  will  cost 

,  $25,000. 

A  historical  review  of  the  county's  public  school 

[  system  is  a  practical  impossibility  owing  to  the  com- 
plete lack  of  statistical  or  other  records  in  the  county 
superintendent's  office,  but  some  reminiscences  of 
Lewiston's  schools  may  be  of  interest  and  not  inap- 
propriate in  this  chapter.  C.  P.  Coburn  says  that  he 

f,  lias  a  very  distinct  recollection  of  the  first  teacher  to 
pursue  his  profession  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Late 
in  the  fall  of  1863,  according  to  Mr.  Coburn,  a  middle 
aged  man  of  professional  appearance  and  quiet  de- 
meanor appeared  in  Lewiston  and  proceeded  to  or- 
ganize a  small  school.  He  wore  a  tall  silk  hat,  a  suit 
of  the  blackest  broadcloth  and  a  white  tie,  all  bearing 
unmistakeable  signs  of  long  usage  and  giving  the  im- 
pression that  their  proprietor  was  a  broken  down 
sport.  They  did  not  belie  him,  as  later  events  proved, 
but  for  the  time  being  the  teaching  ability  of  the  man 
was  all  that  was  inquired  into.  After  diligent  can- 
vassing he  secured  a  few  pupils  and  opened  his  school. 
Everything  progressed  satisfactorily  until  the  teacher 
drew  his  first  month's  pay,  whereupon  the  sporting 
proclivities  of  the  pedagogue  manifested  themselves. 


He  set  out  to  double  his  money  at  the  gambling  table, 
but  unfortunately  for  him,  the  fickle  dame  played  him 
false  at  this  most  critical  juncture  and  his  wages 
passed  into  other  hands.  Not  desiring  to  remain 
longer  in  Lewiston  in  the  face  of  his  ignominious 
downfall,  he  quietly  departed  whence  he  came  and 
the  school  was  left  teacherless. 

Lewiston  continued  without  educational  facilities 
for  nearly  a  year  thereafter,  or  until  the  fall  of  1864, 
when  one  P.  H.  Howe  arrived  and  opened  a  subscrip- 
tion school  in  a  small  frame  building  on  Fourth  street. 
It  is  said  that  Schoolmaster  Howe,  who  taught  three 
months,  was  a  very  ardent  Unionist,  so  ardent  indeed 
that  he  was  subject  to  frequent  fits  of  patriotism,  when 
he  would  have  his  little  band  of  scholars  sing  "John 
Brown's  Body  Lies  A-mouldering  in  the  Grave," 
when  they  should  be  engaged  in  more  arduous  mental 
exercises.'  To  him,  however,  is  due  considerable 
credit  for  placing  the  school  in  Lewiston  in  some  kind 
of  a  working  condition  and  awakening  a  slight  educa- 
tional spirit  in  the  town,  which,  for  the  first  few  years 
was  populated  by  a  migratory,  gold-seeking  class  who 
paid  but  little  attention  to  the  refinements  of  life. 

With  the  organization  of  the  territory  county  af- 
fairs became  better  adjusted  and  the  little  school  held 
at  Lewiston  was  given  support  by  the  levying  of  a 
small  tax.  For  some  time  this  was  the  only  district 
to  derive  benefit  from  the  tax,  as  no  other  had  been 
organized.  Mount  Idaho  district  was  the  next  to  gain 
an  existence. 

During  the  winter  of  1865-6  the  Lewiston  school 
was  taught  by  William  Ferrell,  and  under  his  tutelage 
fifteen  or  twenty  pupils  were  instructed  in  the  rudi- 
ments of  education.  The  school  prospered.  Next 
year  it  was  placed  in  charge  of  Professor  Eckels,  a 
very  popular  and  erudite  Irishman,  and  the  first 
teacher  to  really  give  the  Lewiston  school  his  serious 
attention.  At  this  'time  Lewiston  was  incorporated 
and  granted  the  privilege  of  maintaining  an  inde- 
pendent school  district,  such  as  only  Boise  had  en- 
joyed theretofore.  In  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  law,  the  Lewiston  independent  school  district 
was  organized  and  a  special  tax  levied.  The  school 

of  what  are  now  Third  and  C  streets,  just  south  of  the 
old  territorial  capitol  and  across  the  street  from  the 
Florence  saloon.  This  building,  erected  in  1862,  nad 
been  occupied  for  some  time  by  Dr.  Macinteney  as  a 
drug  store,  and  later  the  first  territorial  council  had 
met  within  its  walls.  Under  Professor  Eckels'  super- 
vision seats  and  blackboards  were  placed  in  the  room 
and  books  and  many  other  necessities  procured  for 
the  children.  This  energetic  teacher  remained  only 
one  term,  however.  He  was  succeeded  by  Miss  Ellen 
Kelly,  a  daughter  of  Milton  Kelly,  the  first  judge  of 
the  first  judicial  district  of  Idaho  and  later  the  founder 
of  the  Boise  Statesman.  Miss  Kelly  taught  two  terms 
and  was  succeeded  by  W.  A.  Goulder. 

By  1871  the  increased  demands  made  upon  the 
school  showed  the  urgent  necessity  for  additional 
room,  and  an  agitation  was  commenced  in  favor  of 
erecting  a  new  school  house  instead  of  renting  a 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


larger  building.     The  times,  however,  were  stringenl 
and  the  problem  of  securing  the  money  wherewith  tc 
buy  land  and  put  up  this  new  building  was  not  an 
easy  one  to  solve ;  nevertheless,  at  a  meeting  called  tc 
consider  the  matter  it  was  definitely  decided  to  proceec 
with   the   work.       Some   time  previously   a   game 
poker  had  been  played  in  Lewiston,  the  outcome 
which,  as  it  happened,  had  an  important  bearing  on 
the  school  question.      A  certain  man  had  squatted  01 
a  large  tract  of  land  on  Main  street  and  as  the  town 
site  still  belonged  to  the  government,  his  right  to  thi 
property  when  the  land  became  patented  was  as  gen- 
erally acknowledged  as  would  have  been  a  deed  on 
record.     Unfortunately     for     this     property     holder, 
however,  cards  possessed  a  fatal  fascination  for  h 
and  on  the  night  in  question  he  was  reduced  to  the 
tremity  of  placing  his  title  to  the  lot  against  its  v« 
in  money,  wagered  by  his  opponents.      Fortune  failed 
him  and'  the  result  was  that  right  to  the  land  became 
vested  in  three  persons,  James  W.  Hays,  Albert  Rip- 
son  and  L.  W.  Bacon.     Later  C.  P.  Coburn,  as  presi- 
dent of  the  school  board,  approached  these  men  for 
the  purpose  of  securing  the  land   for  a  school   sit< 
Mr.  Coburn's  efforts  were  not  in  vain.      Albert  Rip- 
son,  who  claimed  the  major  share  of  the  land,  finally 
agreed  to  donate  his  interest  to  the  city,  which  he  did, 
quit-claiming,   also,   by   consent,   the   interests   of   his 
partners.      Subsequently  title  was  perfected  through 
the  courts. 

On  this  property  the  trustees  decided  to  erect  a 
small  frame  schoolhouse  and  a  special  tax  was  levied 
to  raise  part  of  the  funds.  To  further  aid  the  enter- 
prise the  trustees  of  the  school,  Charles  G.  Kress,  R. 
J.  Monroe  and  J.  B.  Rowley,  also  certain  ladies  of  the 
city,  especially  prominent  among  whom  were  Mrs. 
John  P.  Vollmer,  Miss  Olive  Martin  (now  Mrs.  W. 
P.  Hunt),  Mrs.  Robert  Grostein  and  Mrs.  T.  S. 
Billings,  gave  a  ball  in  the  old  Florence  saloon  build- 
ing, which  had  been  converted  into  a  public  hall.  The 
ball  was  a  most  gratifying  success,  financially  as  well 
as  socially,  adding  several  hundred  dollars  to  the 
school  fund.  By  such  means  the  friends  of  education 
secured  a  considerable  portion  of  the  money  required 
for  the  construction  of  the  new  school. 

As  soon  as  title  to  the  land  above  mentioned  had 
been  secured,  the  board  of  trustees  let  the  contract  for 
building  the  school  to  a  builder  named  Mann,  the 
amount  agreed  upon  being  $1,450.  Mann's  bid  was 
very  low.  The  building  erected  really  cost  in  the 
vicinity  of  $2,000,  the  bondsmen  furnishing  the  re- 
mainder of  the  money.  The  building  was  completed 
for  occupancy  in  the  fall  of  1872  and  to  Miss  Nancy 
Simons  belongs  the  distinction  of  first  teaching  within 
its  walls.  She  taught  two  terms.  So  rapidly  did 
the  attendance  increase  that  two  years  later  the  town 
was  compelled  to  add  an  annex  to  the  building.  Thus 
enlarged,  it  sufficed  for  several  years. 

December  30,  1880,  in  response  to  the  request  of 
the  people  of  Lewiston,  the  territorial  legislature 
passed  an  act  providing  for  the  establishment  and 
maintenance  of  a  system  of  graded  schools  in  the 
Lewiston  independent  district,  a  bill  rendered  neces- 


sary by  the  rapid  growth  of  the  city  after  the  Nez. 
Pefces  war. 

A  special  election  was  called  soon  after  this  act 
went  into  effect,  at  which  the  tax  payers  of  the  district 
voted  to  issue  $10,000  bonds  for  the  construction  of 
a  new  and  much  larger  building  than  was  then  in 
use.  Under  this  authority  the  school  board  entered 
into  a  contract  with  Hale  &  Cooper,  July  6,  1882,  for 
the  construction  of  the  present  frame  school  bouse  on 
the  site  of  the  old  building.  Subsequently  the  bond 
issue  was  increased  to  $11,000,  bearing  eight  per 
cent,  interest.  The  building  was  erected  and  at  the 
time  was  considered  one  of  the  finest  schoolhouses 
in  this  section  of  the  west.  But  the  steady  increase  of 
population  eventually  made  even  this  too  small  and 
again  the  district  had  to  provide  larger  quarters  and 
a  larger  corps  of  teachers.  The  last  building  was 
erected  in  1897-8  at  a  cost  of  approximately  $16,000,. 
to  raise  which  $15,000  worth  of  bonds  had  to  be  is- 
sued. The  building  is  a  handsome  two-story,  brick 
and  stone  structure,  provided  with  all  the  usual  con- 
veniences and  school  equipment,  the  pride  of  the  city. 
In  anticipation  of  the  removal  of  the  frame  building 
at  no  distant  day,  the  brick  school  house  was  erected 
just  back  of  the  wooden  one. 

The  rapid  growth  of  the  town  during  the  past  few 
years  has  rendered  the  school  facilities  again  inade- 
quate, and  to  meet  the  exigencies  of  the  situation  the 
board  of  trustees  has  decided  to  begin,  this  spring,  the 
construction  of  a  twelve-room  school  house  on  Nor- 
mal hill,  it  being  the  intention  to  have  the  building 
idy  for  occupancy  by  the  opening  of  the  fall  term  in 
September.  It  will  be  two  stories  high  and  will  cost 
ibout  $25,000. 

But  Lewiston  is  not  dependent  upon  its  public 
school  alone  for  the  maintenance  of  an  educational 
esprit  de  corps  among  its  people  and  the  education  of 
":s  juvenile  inhabitants.  By  dint  of  much  effort  on. 
the  part  of  its  citizens  and  friends  it  secured  in  1898 
the  establishment  of  a  state  normal  school  within  its 
limits.  The  school  occupies  a  beautiful  brick  build- 

the  business  part  of  Lewiston  and  the  scenic  poem, 
ented  by  the  two  rivers  just  beyond  and  their 
_jed  farther  banks.  The  school  has  enjoyed  a  ca^ 
reer  of  uninterrupted  harmony  since  its  inception,  its 

ily  drawback  being  insufficient  funds  to  procure  all    j 
needed   equipment   and   enable   it   to  rapidly  expand. 
It  offers  a  flexible  course  of  study,  giving  the  student    j 
vide  latitude  for  selection,  but  requiring  all  to  do  a 
stated  amount  of  professional  study  and  to  take  part    . 
n  the  work  of  the  literary  societies.      Diplomas  are    I 
granted  to  those  only  who  complete  a   four  years'    I 
:ourse,  and  the  holders  of  these  have  all  the  rights  and     * 
irivileges  attaching  to  state  certificates  for  life. 

Another   important   institution  having  for  its  ob-    I 
ect    the    educational    advancement   of   the    youth    of    j 
wiston  and  vicinity  is  St.  Joseph's  Academy,  erect-    f 
in     1898     and    'conducted     by     the     Sisters     of    fj 
he  Visitation,  a  cloistered  order.      The  school  is  ex- 
lusively  for  girls,  but  is  open  to  all  who  are  respect- 
i!:  obedient  and  docile,  without  reference  to  religious 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


117 


belief.  All  the  common  and  many  of  the  higher 
branches  of  learning  are  taught,  including  music, 
languages  and  the  arts.  The  present  enrollment 
numbers  sixty.  Thirty  pupils  board  at  the  school 
and  those  whose  names  are  enrolled  in  the  musical  de- 
partment number  thirty.  The  academy  building  oc- 
cupies a  pleasant  site  on  Normal  hill.  There  is  also 
a  Catholic  school  for  boys  under  the  immediate  di- 
rection of  Father  Post,  the  head  of  the  church  in  Nez 
Perces  county.  It  occupies  the  quarters  of  the  old 
Sisters'  academy,  abandoned  upon  the  establishment 
of  the  school  of  the  Sisters  of  Visitation  in  1898.  At 
present  twenty-four  boys  are  receiving  instruction 
there  from  Father  Post  and  his  two  associate  in- 
structors. 

Such  is,  in  a  brief  and  no  doubt  incomplete  out- 
line, the  past  and  present  of  the  city  of  Lewiston. 
One  acquainted  with  the  many  advantages  of  cli- 

be  inclined  to  wonder  why  its  growth  has  not  been 
more  rapid.  The  reasons  are  not  far  to  seek.  Until 
a  very  few  years  ago  it  was  on  the  edge  of  an  Indian 
reservation,  the  immense  wealth  of  which  was  lying 
almost  wholly  undeveloped  on  account  of  the  shiftless 
character  of  the  aboriginal  population.  Until  a  still 
more  recent  date  it  was  without  railroad  facilities, 
while  its  rival  towns  in  Washington  and  Idaho  had 
been  enjoying  these  for  years.  Its  tributary  country 
was  also  without  railroads  and  is  still  insufficiently 
supplied,  but  notwithstanding  the  immense  amount 
of  work  yet  to  be  accomplished  before  the  great 
wealth  tributary  to  Lewiston  shall  have  been  fully 
appropriated,  the  town  has  been  forging  ahead  with 
wonderful  rapidity  in  the  past  half  decade,  and  no 
doubt  it  will  continue  indefinitely  its  rapid  advance. 
Recently  the  legislature  has  passed  an  act  appropriat- 
ing eighteen  thousand  dollars  of  the  state's  money 
to  construct  a  supreme  court  library  building  in  the 
i  town.  A  great  effort  is  being  made  to  secure  the  pass- 
age by  the  same  assembly  of  a  bill  having  for  its  direct 
object  the  upbuilding  of  a  large  lumber  manufactur- 
ing industry  in  Lewiston.  It  may  be  unsafe  to  at- 
tempt to  forecast,  but  the  conviction  is  almost  forced 
upon  one  that  a  city  situated  at  the  point  where  it  will  be 
most  benefited  when  the  agitation  in  congress  for  an 
open  river  to  the  sea  shall  have  crystalized  into  accom- 
plished results,  at  a  point  that  must  be  touched  by  any 
railroad  from  the  east  seeking  to  reach  the  ocean  by 
a  water  grade  and  at  the  very  gateway  to  incalcula- 
ble riches  of  agriculture,  of  timber  and  of  minerals, 
the  county  scat  of  a  great  and  rapidly  developing 
county,  the  center  of  a  wonderful  fruit  growing  re- 
gion, must  some  day  take  rank  with  the  largest  and 
wealthiest  cities  of  the  Inland  Empire. 

NEZPERCE. 

The  government  townsite  of  Nezperce,  on  the 
reservation,  was  thrown  open  to  settlement  Novem- 
ber 18.  1895.  George  W.  Tamblin  was  the  surveyor 
in  charge,  and  he  selected  the  townsite.  Probate 
Judge  P.  E.  Stookey  filed  on  the  quarter  section  of 


land  in  behalf  of  the  people,  and  the  lots  were  dis- 
tributed by  lot,  each  applicant  being  allowed  two  tick- 
ets. Tamblin's  office,  a  box  building,  was  the  first 
edifice  in  Nezperce.  Ex-County  Commissioner  E.  L. 
Parker  erected  a  building  for  use  for  general  store 
purposes,  which  he  subsequently  disposed  of  to  Mr. 
Orbison.  The  first  goods  sold  on  the  ground  of  the 
new  town  were  those  of  Paul  Johnson,  and  he  built 
the  second  business  house  in  the  place,  now  owned 
by  Steven  Badger.  Originally  the  postoffice  was  in 
the  Wayland  hotel,  Mrs.  L.  A.  Wayland,  postmistress. 
The  firs't  house  on  the  reservation  was  erected  by  Col. 
W.  W.  Hammell,  and  the  first  restaurant  was  started 
by  E.  C.  Cassens.  Mr.  Orbison  possessed  the  first 
home  residence  on  the  townsite,  although  a  few  years 
previous  to  this  there  had  been  a  shack  erected.  As 
with  all  new  western  locations,  the  people  who  first 
came  to  the  town  of  Nezperce  lived  mainly  in  tents. 
Col.  Hammell  was  the  first  one  to  prove  up' under  the 
free  homestead  law,  and  his  ranch  adjoins  the  town  of 
Nezperce.  He  was  closely  followed  by  W.  B. 
Ramsey.  Along  about  this  time  A.  Coles  started  a 
store  in  a  tent,  a  racket  store,  and  the  first  church, 
Presbyterian,  held  its  initial  services  under  canvas, 
M.  G.  Mann  officiating.  S.  Markwell  opened  a  store 
in  a  new  building,  and  the  first  drug  store  was  erected 
by  A.  Eitzeri  and  a  man  named  Towell,  in  the  summer 
of  1896.  This  building  and  business  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Wilson  and  Bert  Bowlby,  and  Wilson 
Bowlby  was  the  first  dentist,  and  Drs.  Howard,  father 
and  son,  the  first  practicing  physicians.  Judge  J. 
R.  Crawford  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  al- 
though T.  O.  Hanlon  had  been  appointed  to  try  a  case 
previous  to  that  time. 

During  the  summer  of  1898  a  man  named  Orr 
opened  a  bank,  and  the  first  hotel  of  any  consequence 
was  built  and  conducted  by  A.  McLeod,  and  the  sec- 
ond by  J.  D.  Graham.  The  same  year  a  butcher  shop 
was  built  by  R.  C.  Bywaters.  The  town  of  Nezperce 
has  never  suffered  from  a  general  fire,  but  in  1902  a 
$3,500  residence  owned  by  Z.  A.  Johnson  was  burned. 
The  original  printing  establishment,  the  Nezperce 
News,  was  established  in  1896.  by  Harper  &  Ander- 
son. The  second  newspaper  was  the  Record,  by  G. 
S.  Martin.  Among  the  pioneers  of  Nezperce  may  be 
mentioned  Col.  W.  W.  Hammell,  G.  W.  Wilshire, 
J.  T.  Orbison,  E.  L.  Parker,  John  D.  Graham,  Paul 
Johnson,  E.  G.  Cassens,  George  W.  Tamblin,  A.  Mc- 
Leod, L.  A.  Wayland,  Captain  Human,  W.  D.  Hard- 
wick.  An  addition  of  twenty  acres  was  made  to 
Nezperce  by  Jacob  Mowry. 

The  present  business  houses  of  Nezperce  com- 
prise" General  merchandise,  J.  A.  Schultz  &  Co.; 
Felt  Mercantile  Co.;  Bargain  store,  Graman  & 
Schultz,  proprietors;  Nezperce  Cash  Store,  J.  R. 
Crawford,  manager ;  Old  Store,  J.  T.  Orbison ;  Badg- 
er Store,  Steven  Badger,  proprietor ;  Idaho  Store, 
Coffin  Bros.  Hotels— Nezperce  Hotel,  Charles  Holm, 
Hotel  Scofield.  Williams  Bros.  Restaurants— Home, 
Kimery  &  Mead:  Mrs.  Bob  Warnacufs :  and  L.  P. 
Jacobson's.  Livery  stables—Boss.  J.  W.  Gains ;  Nez- 
perce, Miller  &•  'Miller.  Grain  dealers— Vollmer- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Clearwater  Company,  D.  W.  Eaves,  manager;  Farm- 
ers' Grain  Company:  Kerr,  Giftord  &  Company;  Ka- 
miah  Trading  Company.  Drug  stores — Bowlby's 
City  Drug  Store;  DeMonde's;  The  Kimball  Drug 
Company,  Taylor  &  Moraseck,  proprietors.  Black- 
smith shops — S.  J.  Doggett ;  E.  B.  Wilson  and  Thom- 
as Earth.  Soft  drinks  and  Confectionery— The  Der- 
by, Black  &  Allison :  R.  W.  Adams  and  Thomas  Mar- 
tin. Gents'  Furnishing  Goods— T.  J.  Hardwick  & 
Company.  Furniture— Mockler,  Miller  &  Mockler; 
S.  N.  Berry.  Hardware— Mockler,  Miller  &  Mock- 
ler; Kamiah  Trading  Company  (Spiker  &  Salladay). 
Millinery— Mrs.  Anderson  and  Mrs.  St.  Helms  and 
Mrs.  Button  and  Mrs.  Hunt ;  Mrs.  S.  Badger.  Banks 
—First  National,  T.  M.  Mockler,  president,  J.  A. 
Schultz,  cashier;  Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank,  T.  J. 
Dyer,  of  Spokane,  president :  Kettenbach  &  Company, 
limited,  C.  W.  Nelson,  cashier.  Newspapers— Nez- 
perce  Herald,  W.  C.  Foresman,  editor  and  proprietor. 
Nezperce  Roller  Mill,  Z.  A.  Johnson:  Chop  Mill, 
Lauby  Bros.,  proprietors.  Jewelry— B.  F.  Richard- 
son. Harness  shops— M.  R.  Bowman,  J.  F.  Strick- 
fadess.  Meat  markets — Warrell  Bros.,  John  M. 
Medved.  Nezperce  Brick  &  Lime  Company,  W.  R. 
Crim.  president;  Heitzen  &  Mitchell.  Draying— 
City  Dray,  C.  J.  Hancock,  proprietor;  Nezperce  De- 
livery, A.  Fuller,  proprietor.  Barber — A.  A.  Bard- 
well.  United  States  Commissioner  and  Notary  Pub- 
lic—W.  W.  Hammell.  Contractor— P.  Fairweather. 
Real  Estate— B.  J.  McRae;  Stearns  &  Thomas;  W. 
E.  Larson.  Attorneys— Stearns  &  Thomas;  R.  H. 
Wallace.  Physicians— John  Coburn ;  E.  Taylor;  A. 
J.  Cooper;  E.  L.  Powell.  Dentists— Dr.  J.  W.  Lewis. 
Photography — Fink  Bros.  Contractor  and  Builder — 
E.  L.  Tupper  &  Company ;  Thomas  Devine,  Roach  & 
Johnson. 

The  churches  of  Nezperce  comprise  the  Presby- 
terians, Methodist,  Christian,  German  Baptist,  Cath- 
olic and  Baptist.  The  graded  public  schools  are 

two,  the  former  steam  heated.  The  fraternal  soci- 
eties are  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  M.  W.  A.,  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
Yeomen,  Maccabees.  L.  O.  T.  M.,  Royal  Neighbors, 
Women  of  Woodcraft,  Rebekahs. 

Nezperce  is  incorporated.  The  councilmen  are 
W.  C.  Foresman,  C.  W.  Felt,  C.  H.  Thomas,  Dr.  J. 
H.  Lewis  and  W.  J.  Ramsey.  The  town  was  bonded 
April  21,  1903,  for  $6,750,"  to  furnish  water  for  fire 
protection.  There  are  two  wells  and  a  gasoline  en- 
gine for  this  purpose.  The  water  right  of  Lolo  Creek 
belongs  to  Z.  A.  Johnson,  who  is  now  putting  in  a 
plant  to  cost  $35,000  which  will  provide  electricity 
for  his  mill  and  lights,  water,  etc.,  for  the  town.  The 
present  population  of  Nezperce  is  between  400  and 
500. 

MORROW. 

This  town  is  situated  just  on  the  west  side  of  the 
boundary  line  between  Nez  Perces  and  Idaho  coun- 
ties. The  township  was  laid  out  in  1896,  a  pre-emp- 
tion claim  of  M.  B.  Morrow,  a  sheep  raiser.  The  town 
was  first  exploited  by  W.  L.  Thompson,  trustee  for 


Mr.  Morrow.  In  1896  he  opened  a  general  store,  the 
first  one  in  the  village,  and  this  was  followed  by  the 
Hotel  Morrow,  by  D.  I.  Slavens.  About  the  same 
period  W.  S.  Green  established  a  feed  barn,  and  Harry 
Steel  started  a  blacksmith  shop.  During  the  winter  of 
1896-7,  Gibbs  &  Lemmons  put  up  a  butcher  shop.  A 
saw  mill  was  built  in  1896  by  J.  G.  Downs.  The  post- 
office  is  on  Willow  Creek,  at'the  home  of  W.  R.  Dixon, 
established  about  1888.  The  elevation  of  Morrow  is 
3,250  feet.  The  present  business  enterprises  are  rep- 
resented by  the  general  store  of  Mons  Hansen,  black- 
smith shop  and  chop  mill,  T.  M.  Davis,  postoffice, 
confectionery,  etc.,  W.  R.  Dixon;  hotel  and  saloon, 
Babcock  &  Horseman;  feed  stable,  owned  by  George 
Wayne,  leased  by  Ed.  Ausburg.  There  is  a  four 
months'  term  of  school  taught  by  M.  M.  Belknap. 
The  attendance  is  an  average  of  fifty-four.  The 
Methodist  and  Christian  denominations  hold  services 
occasionally,  presided  over  by  visiting  clergymen,  in 
the  Union  building.  There  is  a  lodge  of  1.  O.  O.  F. 

I, 

LENORE. 

Sixteen  miles  below  Orofino  and  the  first  impor- 
tant station  after  leaving  Potlatch  junction  is  Lenore, 
still  another  small  trading  and  shipping  center  along 
the  Clearwater  Short  Line  railway.  There  is  already 
one  tramway  terminus  here  and  another  tramway  is 
about  to  be  constructed.  The  Lenore  Trading  Com- 
pany has  here  a  general  store,  J.  B.  McGuire  conducts 
the  only  hotel  and  Charles  Green  is  the  postmaster. 
The  Kettenbach  Grain  Company  has  a  warehouse  at 
this  point.  Basalt  and  Agatha  are  two  other  unim- 
portant stations  along  the  railroad,  established  princi- 
pally to  accommodate  grain  shipping. 


The  townsite  of  Fletcher  was  surveyed  by  the 
government  in  May,  1896,  and  opened  for  filing  so 
soon  as  the  survey  was  completed.  The  ground  was 
donated  by  Simon  L.  Finney,  who  had  homesteaded 
the  same  on  the  opening  of  the  reservation.  The  first 
house,  a  store  building,  was  opened  for  business  in 
November,  and  this  was  followed  by  a  blacksmith 
shop  and  saw  mill.  The  following  spring  a  hotel  was 
erected  by  John  Bielby,  and  that  summer  Naffziger 
&  Honeyman  opened  a  general  merchandise  store 
(1897).  A  grist  mill  was  started  by  Wright  &  Ellis 
in  1898,  and  Robinson  &  Haynes  established  a  drug 
store  in  1899.  The  grist  mill  business  was  incorpor- 
ated as  a  stock  company  March  4,  1899,  and  subse- 
quently the  property  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Wright 
removed  to  Dublin  and  Ellis  to  Summit.  The  present 
business  houses  comprise  the  drug  store  of  Robinson 
&  Eckersley,  general  merchandise  by  L.  E.  Marchand, 
hardware,  by  Peter  Klaus,  and  hotel  by  the  same.  The 
present  population  of. the  town  is  200.  Dublin,  situ- 
ated three  and  a  quarter  miles  south  of  Fletcher,  dates 
from  the  summer  of  1901.  The  pioneer  spirit  in  the 
enterprise  was  David  Lowry.  There  are  a  few  resi- 
dences, a  blacksmith  shop  and  other  business  houses. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


119 


Eight  miles  northwest  of  Nez  Perces,  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  county,  is  the  town  of  Mohler.  The 
land  on  which  it  stands  was  homesteaded  by  T.  O. 
Hanlon  and  J.  B.  Davis  at  the  opening  of  the  reserva- 
tion. The  town  is  platted  but  not  yet  incorporated. 
The  first  edifice,  a  store  building,  was  erected  by  T. 

0.  Hanlon  in   1889.     The  postoffice,  first  known  as 
Howard,  was  established  four  years  ago  at  the  old 
Howard  townsite,  one  and  a  half  miles  southeast  of 
Mohler.    Three  years  ago  it  was  removed  from  How- 
ard to  Mohler.   'The  next  building,  a  hardware  store, 
was  put  up  by  JBoozer  &  Giles,  and  this  was  succeeded 
by  a  creamery  built  in  1900.     During  the  spring  of 
the  same  year  a  butcher  shop,  erected  by  H.  D.  Haines, 
was  established,  and  the  succeeding  building,  owned 
by  P.  E.  Dean,  was  built  two  years  since.    This  was 
followed  by  a  hotel  by  J.  B.  Davis.     The  spring  of 
1902   witnessed   the  erection   of  a   building   occupied 
by  the  Mohler  Implement  Company,  the  school  house 
and  the  Methodist  Church.    Three  years  ago  a  black- 
smith shop  was  built  by  John  Howard  and  another 
in  the  spring  of  1903  by  John  Collins  and  John  John- 
son. 

The  present  business  houses  are:  Drug  store,  O. 
DeMonde  and  John  McGee;  real  estate,  James  So- 
renson  and  J.  H.  Wann;  hotel,  John  Biggart,  proprie- 
tor; blacksmith  shops,  Emery  and  Collins  &  Johnson; 
general  stores,  P.  E.  Dean  and  G.  S.  Martin;  hard- 
ware, F.  A.  Boozer  and  Charles  Giles;  A.  G.  Gross 
and  N.  F.  Wright ;  furniture,  T.  O.  Hanlon ;  barn,  in 
connection  with  hotel,  John  Biggart ;  butcher  shop 
in  summer  time,  J.  B.  Davis  and  T.  S.  Belts;  barber 
shop,  Charles  and  A.  J.  Johnson.  The  business  of 
Mohler  is  supported  by  the  general  farming  in  the 
surrounding  country.  A  number  of  new  buildings 
are  projected,  including  a  barber  shop,  two  livery 
barns,  three  dwellings,  etc. 

Church  services  are  conducted  every  two  weeks; 
Sunday  school  each  Sabbath.  The  officiating  minister 
is  Rev.  John  Taylor.  Fraternal  societies  include  the 

1.  O.  O.  F.,  Rebekahs,  Encampment,  VV.  of  VV.,  and 
Women   of   Woodcraft.     The  medical  practitioner  is 
Dr.  J.  T.  Price. 


This  little  town  is  named  in  honor  of  llo  Leggett, 
who  has,  also,  contributed  a  portion  of  his  name  to 
the  llo  Hardware  &  Implement  Company,  of  this  place. 

The  first  store  was  erected  in  the  spring  of  1898, 
but  was  closed  out  the  same  fall.  W.  F.  Stinson  was 
the  succeeding  merchant,  who,  however,  continued  in 
business  but  six  months,  and  in  the  spring  of  1899 
(June),  O.  W.  Leggett  opened  a  general  merchandise 
store.  This  was,  at  that  period,  the  only  business 
house  in  the  place.  During  the  succeeding  fall  or  win- 
ter a  blacksmith  shop  was  started  by  James  Breeding, 
and  in  the  winter  of  1900-1  there  was  opposition  in 
the  shape  of  another  blacksmith,  Andrew  Anderson. 
In  the  spring  of  1901  Charles  Larson  opened  a  wagon 


repair  shop.  The  same  spring  a  small  hotel  was  built 
by  W.  D.  Simmons,  and  during  the  succeeding  sum- 
mer a  general  merchandise  store  was  erected  by  O. 
VV.  Leggett.  The  drug  store  of  Mrs.  Cynthia  A.  Tat- 
ko  was  built  in  the  spring  of  1902,  and  Dr.  J.  G. 
Lenz  dispensed  the  drugs.  He  had^  begun  practice  in 
llo  in  the  spring  of  1901.  A  harness  shop  was  opened 
by  E.  C.  Kness  in  the  spring  of  1902,  the  Kamiah 
Trading  Company  having  commenced  business  the 
previous  fall.  This  enterprise  was  recently  sold  to 
the  llo  Hardware  and  implement  Company.  The 
Idaho  Supply  Company,  comprising  local  capitalists, 
began  business  in  the  spring  of  1902,  and  the  Smith 
hotel  building  was  erected  the  same  period.  The  Bank 
of  llo  is  a  recent  financial  enterprise,  of  which  J.  J. 
Woods  is  cashier. 

During  the  winter  of  1901-2  William  Blair  opened 
a  livery  barn,  and  recently  another  was  started  by 
Simmons  &  Nichols.  Mrs.  J.  C.  Pearsall  conducts 
a  millinery  store ;  A.  Gardner  a  butcher  shop,  and 
there  are  two  confectionery  and  "soft  drink"  stores. 
An  ungraded  school  is  conducted  six  months  of  the 
year  with  an  attendance  of  fifty  pupils.  The  Presby- 
terians and  Christians  have  church  organizations  and 
buildings,  erected  during  the  summer  of  1902,  Revs. 
McLain  and  John  McDonald  pastors,  respectively. 
The  Modern  Woodmen  of  America  and  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  represent  the  fraternal  societies  of  llo. 


At  the  terminus  of  the  Lapwai  spur  of  the  North- 
ern Pacific  railroad  and  snugly  nestled  against  the 
base  of  Craig's  mountain,  lies  Culdesac,  a  prosperous, 
thriving  town  of  probably  four  hundred  people.  This 
terminal  town  is  one  of  the  newest  and  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  on  the  reservation.  None  has  a  brighter 
future  and  none  can  boast  of  a  more  rapid  and  at  the 
same  time  substantial  growth.  Situated  at  the  geo- 
graphical center  of  the  county,  in  the  very  heart  of  the 
grain  producing  section,  Culdesac  is  fortunate  in  being 
the  shipping  and  receiving  point  for  a  scope  of  coun- 
try fifteen  miles  square  and  including  a  portion  of  Nez 
Perces  prairie.  It  has  been  conservatively  estimated 
that  over  one-half  a  million  bushels  of  wheat,  flax, 
barley  and  oats  were  shipped  from  this  place  .last 
year  and  during  the  shipping  season  in  the  fall  it  is 
not  uncommon  for  150  four-horse  teams  to  unload  at 
the  warehouses  in  a  single  day. 

The  town  lies  only  about  four  hundred  feet  above 
the  Clearwater  valley  and  consequently  possesses  a 
warm  climate  tempered  by  cool  breezes  from  the 
mountain  and  encircling  hills.  The  valley  at  this  point 
is  not  over  half  a  mile  wide  and  the  town  lies  on  a 
narrow  flat  and  several  slightly  higher  plateaus.  The 
creek  rushes  angrily  along  the  northern  boundary  of 
the  place.  At  one  time  it  undoubtedly  occupied  the 
whole  canyon  as  the  gravelly  formation  of  the  ground 
and  the  plentitude  of  rocks  "testify.  The  citizens  take 
the  greatest  pride  in  their  abundant  and  pure  water 
supply.  The  water  is  obtained  from  a  large  spring 
on  Leonard  Henry's  ranch,  half  a  mile  up  the  creek, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


where  it  is  stored  in  a  reservoir  holding  11,000  cubic 
feet.  From  here  it  is  brought  to  the  town  through  a 
four-inch  main  and  conveyed  to  the  different  consum- 
ers by  two-inch  pipes.  The  water  has  a  fall  of  nine- 
ty feet,  enough  to  secure  an  excellent  fire  pressure. 
This  water  system,  which  has  been  recently  com- 
pleted, is  owned  by  Wilbur  A.  Cochran,  T.  W.  Shref- 
fler  and  W.  H.  Shields. 

It  is  said  that  President  Mellen  personally  be- 
stowed the  name  Cul-de-sac  upon  the  settlement  at 
the  terminus  of  this  branch  line.  He  was  driving 
along  the  proposed  route  with  a  companion  at  the  time 
and  when  they  reached  the  end  of  the  practicable 
route,  the  president  remarked  "This  is  indeed  a  cul- 
de-sac." 

When  the  railroad  was  built,  in  the  summer  of 
1899,  John  McKenzie  was  induced  to  relinquish  his 
homestead  right  to  a  forty-acre  tract  which  made  an 
"L."  of  his  farm  and  included  the  present  townsite. 
Then  J.  G.  and  C.  A.  Wright  purchased  thirty  acres 
of  this  tract  with  government  script  and  subsequently 
W.  S.  Adron  filed  a  timber  and  stone  claim  upon  the 
remaining  ten  acres.  Meanwhile,  however,  Sogart 
&  Green,  E.  T.  Brandon  &  Frank  Edwards,  McGraf 
Brothers  (James,  William  and  Thomas),  T.  W.  Shref- 
fler,  E.  J.  Northcutt  and  several  others  had  settled  on 
the  ten-acre  tract  and  decided  to  contest  the  Adron 
claim  on  the  ground  that  the  land  was  more  valuable 
for  townsite  purposes.  To  that  end  a  public  meeting 
was  held  of  which  Mr.  Northcutt  was  chosen  chair- 
man, and  a  committee,  consisting  of  James  McGraf, 
Frank  O'Mallory,  Jesse  Beans  and  Link  Meadows, 
was  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  matter.  Ninety- 
two  location  claims  were  sold  at  one  dollar  each  to 
provide  funds  with  which  to  carry  on  the  contest  and 
in  September,  1899,  the  papers  were  filed.  This  con- 
test was  carried  up  to  the  secretary  of  the  interior, 
who,  in  1902,  decided  in  favor  of  the  citizens,  grant- 
ing their  application  for  a  townsite.  A  trust  patent 
was  issued  to  Probate  Judge  Stookey,  who  issued  title 
to  the  land  to  those  possessing  squatter's  rights.  This 
tract  now  constitutes  the  main  portion  of  the  town. 

The  thirty-acre  tract  was  platted  in  the  fall  of  1899, 
but,  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  was  individual  property, 
was  not  occupied  as  rapidly  as  the  government  town- 
site.  The  first  house  was  built  on  it  by  Albert  Wat- 
kins,  a  Northern  Pacific  employee,  in  December,  1899. 
Mr.  Watkins  was  followed  the  next  year  by  a  man 
named  Martin  who  erected  a  lodging  house,  by  S.  E. 
Bemis,  who  built  a  hall,  and  by  C.  B.  Wright,  who  op- 
ened a  store.  King  &  Wright  erected  a  store  and  ho- 
tel, the  Triangle  House,  and  warehouses  were  con- 
structed along  the  railroad  track.  Both  towns  grew 
rapidly  and  prospered. 

The  owners  of  this  townsite  originally  christened 
the  place  Mellen.  The  citizens  of  both  towns  early 
applied  for  a  postoffice  and  suggested  to  the  depart- 
ment the  name  given  the  station  by  the  railroad  com- 
pany, viz  :  Cul-de-sac,  spelling  it  as  a  compound  word. 
The  postoffice  was  granted  but  the  depart 


stowed  the  name 


he  name   suggested  and  instead  be- 
Magnolia.    Thus  matters  stood  until 


last  July  (1902)  when  a  citizens'  petition  that  the 
postoffice  be  named  Culdesac,  writing  it  as  one  word, 
was  granted. 

The  two  towns  were  consolidated  in  January,  1903, 
when  the  board  of  county  commissioners  gave  them 
the  boon  of  corporate  existence.  C.  B.  Uptograf, 
Thomas  Culnan,  W.  A.  Cochran,  F.  M.  Remington 
and  Albert  Sogard  were  named  trustees  and  will  soon 
organize  and  elect  officers. 

The  citizens  have  from  the  first  taken  an  active  in- 
terest in  their  educational  matters  and  three  years  ago, 
they  built  a  handsome  school  house  in  the  town,  cost- 
ing $1,000,  to  take  the  place  of  the  old  district  school. 
A  portion  of  this  amount  was  raised  by  private  sub- 
scriptions. In  these  quarters  and  an  additional  rented 
room,  150  pupils  properly  graded,  are  cared  for  by 
Professor  Case,  Miss  Lillian  Schoot  and  Mrs.  Charles 
J.  Miller. 

A  fine  church  is  also  being  erected  by  the  Chris- 
tian society,  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  L.  F.  Steph- 
ens. The  Presbyterians  have  a  society  and  have  re- 
cently secured  a  pastor,  Rev.  John  Wooliver. 

Among  the  most  important  enterprises  in  Culdesac 
is  a  new  flouring  mill  now  being  built  by  Alt  &  Cross- 
man.  The  mill  will  have  a  capacity  of  50  barrels  a 
day.  Power  is  furnished  by  a  ditch  taken  out  of  Lap- 
wai  creek  at  a  distance  above  town.  To  secure  this 
mill  Culdesac  subscribed  a  bonus  of  $1,300,  E.  J. 
Northcutt  alone  raising  three-fourths  of  the  amount. 

Culdesac  also  possesses  a  local  telephone  system, 
owned  by  Keller  &  Bell,  and  is  connected  with  the  out- 
side world  by  the  Pacific  States  and  Lookout  systems. 
The  Register,  a  weekly  newspaper  established  in  1899 
by  W.  L.  Stephens,  is  another  important  factor  in  the 
town's  welfare  and  under  the  ownership  of  John  J. 
Schick  is  a  neatly  printed  journal  well  filled  with 
local  news. 

Culdesac's  other  business  houses  may  be  grouped 
as  follows:  General  stores,  F.  M.  Remington,  Ed- 
ward P.  Brandon,  Albert  Sogard,  J.  G.  Wright  & 
Company,  Thomas  Purhum;  hardware,  Wilbur  A. 
Cochran,  Farr,  Lewis  &  Fair ;  groceries,  Chris  Norbo ; 
furniture,  George  Henderson,  Frank  Zenzengher ; 
drugs,  W.  D.  Keller;  hotels,  Walla  Walla,  T.  W. 
Shrerfler,  proprietor ;  Commercial,  Henry  Zyrbell, 
proprietor,  Clear,  J.  H.  Clear,  proprietor ;  'livery  sta- 
bles, Walla  Walla,  T.  W.  ShrefHer,  proprietor,  Star, 
Clyde  Chapman,  proprietor,  Midway,  Frank  Gasa- 
way,  proprietor,  West  End,  John  Whalen,  proprietor; 
meat  markets,  Joseph  Ziver  (J.  H.  McDevitt,  man- 
ager). McGrath  Brothers;  banks,  Vollmer-Clearwater 
Company,  Bank  of  Culdesac ;  feed  mill,  J .  G.  Wright ; 
blacksmith  shops,  W.  J.  Departee,  J.  S.  Mack,  Charles 
Benson;  jewelry,  R.  J.  Watkins;  confectionery  and 
notions,  Thomas  Culnan,  Brown  &  Stuart;  Dr.  E. 
L.  Burke  is  the  town's  physician,  Dr.  B.  L.  Cole  is  its 
dentist,  while  G.  K.  Tiffany  and  John  Green  look  after 
the  legal  business  of  its  inhabitants. 

Real  estate  in  Culdesac  commands  a  high  price  at 
present  and  values  are  steadily  increasing,  a  sure  sign 
of  prosperity.  The  business  men  contemplate  improv- 
ing the  streets,  the  installation  of  a  system  of  fire  pro- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


tection,  police  protection  and  many  other  improve- 
ments rendered  necessary  by  the  growing  importance 
of  the  town.  Although  not  yet  four  years  old,  Cul- 
<iesac  has  attained  to  the  position  of  the  third  town  in 
size  and  importance  in  the  county  and  its  inhabitants 
firmly  believe  that  it  will  eventually  gain  a  still  higher 
rank. 


Unfortunately,  it  was  not  the  writer's  privilege 
to  visit  the  prosperous  town  of  Feck,  and  as  the  letter 
requesting  information  regarding  it  remains  unan- 
swered, it  is  not  possible  to  go  into  the  details  of  its 
history  and  present  business  houses.  It  is  known, 
however,  to  be  a  substantial  little  city,  with  a  splen- 
did farming  country  contiguous  to  it.  The  town  lies 
nearly  two  miles  south  of  its  railway  station,  Con- 
tract. Writing  of  it  in  1899  the  Lewiston  Teller  said : 

"Peck  is  more  than  its  name  implies.  Its  light 
cannot  be  hidden  under  a  bushel,  for  more  bushels  of 
-wheat,  flax  and  barley  will  be  marketed  there  than 
at  any  other  two  points  combined  on  the  Clearwater 
Short*  Line.  John  Herres  operates  the  ferry. 

"Peck,  being  removed  from  the  railroad,  escaped 
the  boom  and  is  consequently  sound  to  the  core.  It  is 
not  overdone.  There  is  not  a'  shanty  nor  tent  in  the 
place.  The  buildings  are  large  and  substantial.  Peck 
is  a  cozy,  cheerful  hamlet,  and  differs  from  some  towns 
as  a  genuine  home  differs  from  a  hotel.  A  nucleus  of 
cultured  society  is  here.  The  early  inhabitants  give 
character  to  the  village.  The  Methodists,  United 
Brethren  and  Dunkards  have  church  organizations. 
A  new  schoolhouse  will  be  erected  this  fall.  The  trade 
territory  of  Peck  extends  to  Lawyer's  canyon  on  the 
south.  There  is  but  one  small  area  of  waste  land 
in  this  section,  as  the  Big  and  Little  canyons  are  so 
shaped  as  to  be  in  the  main  tillable. 

"The  Peck  Industrial  Fair  was  held  September 
28th,  29th,  and  3Oth.  Its  success  was  such  that  ar- 
rangements are  already  being  made  for  repeating  it 
•next  year.  1.  S.  Sperry  acted  as  president  and  Thomas 
Kirby  as  secretary." 

These  annual  fairs  give  an  excellent  idea  of  the 
wealth  of  the  country  tributary  to  Peck.  In  October 
of  last  year  one  was  held,  attended  by  nearly  ten  thous- 
and people.  It  was  a  display  of  fruits,  vegetables, 
-  grasses  and  grains.  It  is  stated  that  Mr.  Dean,  of 
Mohler,  exhibited  oats  that  were  a  part  of  a  yield  of 
101  bushels,  8  pounds  to  the  acre,  and  another  yield 
of  103  bushels  an  acre  was  represented. 


SPALDING. 


i  1895,  the 


With  the  opening  of  the  resen 

present  town  of  Spalding  came  into  existence.  At 
that  time  a  company  was  formed,  known  as  the  Spald- 
ing Townsite  Company,  which  proceeded  to  lay  out  a 
town  and  name  it  Spalding.  A  great  rush  of  business 
men  followed  and  within  a  very  short  time  Spalding 
was  enjoying  all  of  the  life  and  feverish  activity  of  a 
boom.  A  score  of  frame  business  houses  were  erected, 


another  score  of  canvas  structures,  and  many  resi- 
dences and  the  town  grew  and  throve  wonderfully. 
However,  in  1899  the  Northern  Pacific,  which  had 
built  a  line  down  the  Clearwater  to  Lewiston  the  year 
previous,  decided  to  build  a  spur  up  Lapwai  creek  to 
the  foot  of  Craig's  mountain,  and  the  construction  of 
this  line  proved  a  death  blow  to  Spalding.  This  spur 
leaves  the  main  line  at  the  creek  and  follows  closely 
up  this  little  mountain  stream  for  twelve  miles.  Pre- 
vious to  this  Spalding  had  been  the  shipping  point  for 
the  whole  interior  country,  but  now  this  immense 
business  was  transferred  to  points  farther  inland.  At 
present  only  a  few  stores,  two  hotels,  a  butcher  shop, 
blacksmith  shop  and  several  residences  constitute  the 
white  settlement  of  the  town  and  the  Indians  furnish 
most  of  the  business  support.  The  railroad  station 
is  at  North  Lapwai,  about  a  mile  west  of  Spalding  on 
land  condemned  by  the  government  for  station  and 
yard  purposes.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  most  of 
the  townsite  of  Spalding  is  on  Indian  land  and  leased 
from  individuals. 


About  the  center  of  a  valley  formed  by  the  widen- 
ing of  the  Lapwai  basin  is  situated  the  few  buildings 
forming  the  town  of  Lapwai,  while  at  the  extreme 
southwestern  end  at  the  base  of  the  hills  is  the  site  of 
old  Fort  Lapwai,  where  are  located  the  present  Indian 
agency  and  school.  Lapwai  creek  flows  through  the 
eastern  border  of  the  valley.  Along  the  railroad  are 
the  grain  warehouses  of  the  Vollmer-Clearwater  Com- 
pany and  >  the  Kettenbach  Grain  Company,  while  the 
general  stores  of  Thomas  Martin  and  Coffin  Brothers, 
Prine  &  Lucas's  blacksmith  shop  and  a  hotel  compose 
the  business  section  of  the  trading  center.  Lapwai, 
being  the  home  of  the  agency  and  school,  draws  an 
extensive  Indian  trade  which  is  the  main  support  of  the 
town,  although  a  rich,  wheat-growing  section  sur- 
rounds this  valley.  The  townsite  is  owned  by  the  In- 
dians. The  Presbyterian  mission  is  located  here  and 
is  under  the  supervision  of  Miss  Kate  Macbeth. 


This  pretty  little  town  lies  in  the  beautiful  Kamiah 
basin  on  the  south  fork  of  the  Clearwater  river,  at  the 
mouth  of  Kamiah  creek.  It  is  on  Indian  land  at  pres- 
ent, though  steps  are  being  taken  by  the  citizens  to- 
ward the  purchase  of  enough  of  this  land  to  form  a 
townsite.  Kamiah  is  the  trading  and  shipping  center 
of  a  considerable  section  of  country  and  a  large  business 
is  transacted  in  consequence.  A  stage  line  connects  it 
with  Nezperce  City  and  nearly  all  of  the  grain  raised 
in  the  country  tributary  to  Kamaih  creek,  or  Lawyer's 
canyon,  is  shipped  out  over  the  Clearwater  Short  Line 
from  the  Kamiah  warehouses.  There  are  probably 
150  people  residing  in  the  town  and  they  have  every 
reason  to  be  hopeful  of  the  future  of  their  home.  In- 
ception was  given  to  the  place  by  the  building  of  the 
railroad  through  the  valley  in  1899. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


OTHER  TOWNS. 

Besides  the  towns  described  in  the  foregoing  pages 
there  are  several  of  considerable  importance,  though 
smali.  The  other  towns  and  points  at  which  post 
offices  were  established  prior  to  January,  1903,  are: 
Cameron,  population  in  1900,  68;  Cavendish,  Chesley, 
population  30;  Dublin,  Fairburn,  F 


35;  Gifford,  Kippen,  Leland,  population  150;  Lookout, 
Melrose,  population  52 ;  Myrtle,  population  43 ;  Por- 
ters, Rosetta,  population,  20;  Russel,  population  50; 
Slickpoo,  population  20 ;  Southwick,  population  50 ; 
Steeie,  population  20 ;  Summit,  Tekean,  population  25  ; 
Waha.  population  24;  Webb,  Willola,  population  78; 
Winchester,  population  50. 


CHAPTER   IV. 


THE  NEZ  PERCE  INDIANS. 


No  history  of  Nez  Perces  county  can  lay  claim  to 
completeness  which  overlooks  the  aboriginal  inhabi- 
tants of  the  soil.  A  history  of  these  people  is  an  im- 
possibility, for  they  have  preserved  no  written  records 
of  their  past,  and.  being  possessed  of  little  architect- 
ural skill,  have  erected  no  monuments  of  a  permanent 
nature  to  their  memories.  Traditions  they  have,  to 
be  sure,  and  a  mythology  of  their  own,  but  their  char- 
acter is  such  that  only  the  few  who  have  lived  in  inti- 
mate association  with  them  have  been  instructed  in 
their  peculiar  beliefs  relative  to  their  origin,  past  his- 
tory and  relations  to  the  future  life.  For  one  who  has 
lived  apart  from  the-  Indians  to  attempt  to  treat  of 
their  traditions,  mythology  and  original  religious 
views  would  be  presumptuous  indeed.  We  are  in- 
formed that  a  work  of  a  historical  character  concern- 
ing them  by  an  educated  member  of  their  own  tribe 
is  now  in  course  of  preparation.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  project  will  not  miscarry  and  that  the  work 
will  be  found  to  contain  a  comprehensive  and  exact 
treatment  of  the  interesting  subject  with  which  it 
purposes  to  deal. 

Prior  to  the  advent  of  the  horse  among  the  Nez 
Perces,  they  must  have  had  a  miserable  existence. 
Their  only  foods  must  have  been  the  roots  and  vege- 
tables indigenous  to  their  native  heath,  such  deer, 
elk  and  smaller  game  as  they  were  able  to  take  with 
their  primitive  weapons,  and  such  species  of  fish  as 
made  their  way  into  the  seething  waters  of  their  swift- 
flowing  rivers  and  mountain  streams.  But  even  at  this 
time  they  must  have  been  a  vastly  superior  race  to  the 
Indians  west  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  who  were  dron- 
ing away  their  listless  lives  in  "a  region  of  large,  deep 
rivers;  of  numerous  bays  and  inlets  from  the  ocean 
extending  far  inland,  all  filled  with  fish  of  the  finest  and 
richest  quality,  easily  taken,  and  hence  inviting  to  a 
life  of  effortless  indolence  .  and  ease.  Hence  these 
aborigines  were  short  of  stature,  heavy  and  broad  and 
fat  of  body ;  without  alertness  or  perception  of  mind ; ' 
indolent  and  inactive  in  all  their  habits ;  sleeping  away 
nearly  all  but  the  little  time  that  was  requisite  for  them 


to  throw  their  barbed  harpoons  into  the  shinning  sides 
the  salmon  that  swam  in  the  shoals  of  the  rivers  and 
bays,  and  the  few  additional  moments  required  to  roast 
or  boil  the  fish  sufficient  to  gratify  their  uncultur 
tastes." 

Even  during  the  earliest  times,  the  Nez  Perces 
profited  by  the  rigors  of  their  elevated  home,  for  though 
their  food  must  have  been  scanty  and  insufficient,  the 
battle  for  existence  developed  in"  them  a  sturdiness  of 
manhood  such  as  was  unknown  among  the  coast  tribes. 
Their  experience  proved  that  a  people  can  bear  insuffi- 
cient nourishment  with  activity  far  better  than  abund- 
ance with  idleness. 

The  Nez  Perces  lived  in  a  country  covered  with  a 
abundant  growth  of  nutritious  grasses,  making  it  _ 
paradise  for  a  pastoral  people.  They  were  therefore 
in  a  splendid  condition  to  raise  large  bands  of  horses 
and  the  advent  among  them  of  these  animals  marked 
the  most  important  epoch  in  their  history.  About  the 
middle  of  the  eighteenth  century,  horses  were  obtained 
from  the  Spaniards  of  New  'Mexico  or  California. 
The  Indians  preserve  the  tradition  of  their  first  ac- 
quisition of  this  form  of  live  stock,  and  well  they  may 
for  they  were  thereby  furnished  means  whereby  to  ad- 
vance by  long  strides  toward  greater  comforts  of  life 
and  the  blessings  of  civilization.  "There  is  no  more 
instructing  example  of  the  amelioration  of  a  savage 
tribe  by  the  introduction  of  domestic  animals  and  its 
steady  growth  from  abject  barbarism,"  says  Hazard 
Stevens,  "than  that  afforded  by  the  Nez  Perces.  But 
little  more  than  a  century  ago  they  were  a  tribe  of 
naked  savages,  engaged  in  a  perpetual  struggle  against 
starvation.  Their  country  afforded  but  little  game, 
and  thev  subsisted  almost  exclusively  on  salmon,  ber- 
nes  and  roots.  The  introduction  of  the  horse  enabled 
them  to  make  long  journeys  to  the  buffalo  plains  east 
of  the  Rocky  mountains,  where  they  could  lay  in  great 
abundance  of  meat  and  furs ;  furnished  them  with  a 
valuable  animal  for  trading  with  other  less  favored 
tribes :  soon  raised  them  to  comparative  affluence,  and 
developed  in  their  hunting  and  trading  expeditions  a 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


123 


manly  enterprising,  shrewd  and  intelligent  character." 
The  first  white  men  to  visit  their  country  from  the 
east  overland  were  the  famous  Meriwether  Lewis  and 
William  Clark,  whose  expedition  into  the  country  in 
1805  is  to  be  celebrated  by  a  grand  exposition  in  Port- 
land on  its  centennial.  Of  the  experiences  of  this 
party  among  the  Nez  Perces  the  gifted  Eva  Emery 
Dye  has  written  in  the  following  animated  language  : 


__    , ;    metal    that    the    saw 

not,  the  gold  of  Ophir  concealed  in  the  rocky  chambers  of 
the  Idaho  Alps,— struggled  into  the  Lolo  trail  used  by  the  In- 
dians for  ages  before  any  whites  ever  came  into  the  country. 
Over  the  Lolo  trail  went  the  Nez  Perces  to  battle  and  to 
hunt  buffalo  in  the  Montana  country.  Down  over  this  trail 


prl 


and   C 


So-yap-po,  "the  c 
e  hats 


wned  o 


i,  beca 


they 


-  Wat-ku-ese  dreamed  of  her  Nez  Perce  home, 
and  one  day  escaped  with  her  infant  on  her  back.  Along 
the  way  white  traders  were  kind  to  her.  On  and  on,  foot- 
sore and  weary,  she  journeyed  alone.  In  the  Flathead  coun- 
try her  baby  died  and  was  buried  there.  One  day  some  Nez 
Perce  came  over  the  Lolo  trail  bringing  home  Wat-ku-ese, 

She  was  with  her  people  at  their  camas  ground,  Weippe, 
when  Lewis  and  Clark  came  down  over  the  Lolo  trail. 

"Let  us  kill  them,"  whispered  the  frightened  Nez  Perces. 

Wat-ku-ese  lay  dying  in  her  tent  when  she  heard  it. 
"White  men,  did  you  say?  *  No,  no,  do  not  harm  them. 
They  are  the  crowned  ones  who  were  so  good  to  me.  Do 
not  be  afraid  oi  them.  Go  near  to  them." 

Cautiously  the  Nez  Perces  approached.  The  explorers 
shook  their  hands.  This  was  to  the  Indians  a  new  form  of 
greeting 

Everywhere  Indian  women  were  digging  the  camas  root, 
round  like  an  onion,  and  little  heaps  lay  piled  here  and  there. 
They  paused  in  their  work  to  watch  the  strangers.  Some 

ers  in  the  brush.      Others  brought  food. 

So  starved  and  famished  were  the  men  that  they  ate 
inordinately  of  the  sweet  camas  and  the  kouse,  the  biscuit 
root.  The  sudden  change  to  a  warmer  climate  and  laxative 
roots  resulted  in  sickness,  when  the  expedition  might  have 
been  easily  attacked  but  for  those  words  of  Wat-ku-ese,  who 
now  lay  dead  in  her  tent. 

To  this  day  the  Nez  Perces  rehearse  the  story  of  Wat- 
ku-ese.  It  was  the  beginning  of  a  life  long  friendship  with 
the  whites,  broken  only  when  Chief  Joseph  fled  over  the 
Lolo  trail.  But  even  Chief  Joseph  found  he  must  give  up 
the  vast  areas  over  which  he  was  wont  to  roam,  and  come 
under  the  iaws  of  L-ivilized  life. 

As  fast  as  their  weakness  permitted  councils  were  held, 
when  the  Captains  told  the  Nez  Perces  of  the  Great  Father 
at  Washington,  who  had  sent  them  to  visit  his  children. 

'       1   Hair,   the   Nez   Perce   Tewat,   a   great   medicine 


and    v 


ne,   dre 


>ut  their 


elkskin  a  chart  of  the  rivers. 

hands  over  their  mouths  in  an-. 

No  one  but  Twisted  Hair  could  do  such  things.     He  was 


"White  men,"  said  he,  "live  at  the  Tim-tim  (falls)." 
Thus  into  Idaho  had  penetrated  the  story  of  Ko-nap-pe, 
the  wrecked  Spaniard,  who  with  his  son  Soto  had  set  out  up 
the  great  river  to  find  white  people  and  tarried  there  until  he 
died.  Seven  years  later  Astor's  people  met  Soto,  an  old 
man  dark  as  his  Indian  m6ther,  but  still  the  Indians  called 
him  white.  Twenty  years  later  Soto's  daughter  was  still 
living  on  the  Columbia  in  the  days  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company. 


Leaving  their  horses  with  th 
the  explorers  were  glad  to  t 
baggage  and  float  down  the  < 
low  green  Snake,  and  on  into  the  blue 

At  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  me™. 
councils  held  on  the  present  site  of  Lewisi 
through  wild,  romantic  scenes  where  whii 

'^horseback^6  galloped10  We-  ark- 


s,  on  October  4th 
r  boats  with  their 

— oske,  into  the  yel- 

s  Columbia. 

Day  by  day, 


Ahead  'of   the 


Indian 
At   the   din 


- 

The  tribes 
i6th,   five   India 


t  night  Lewis  and  Clark  were  met  at  the  Columbi 
rocession  of  two  hundred  Indians  with  drums  sin 
e-hai,  ke-hai,"  the  redmen's  signal  of  friendship. 


Speaking   of   their   experiences    among    the    Nez 
Perces,  the  explorers  themselves  used  this  language: 


As  we  approached  the  village  most  of  the  women,  though 
apprised  of  our  being  expected,  fled  with  their  children  into 
the  neighboring  woods.  The  men,  however,  received  us 
without  any  apprehension,  and  gave  us  a  plentiful  supply  of 
provisions.  The  plains  were  now  crowded  with  Indians  who 
came  to  see  the  persons  of  the  whites  and  the  strange  things 
they  brought ^  with  them;  but  as  our  guide  was  a  perfect 
stranger  to  the  language  we  could  converse  by  signs  only. 

Monday,  23d  (September,  1805).— The  chiefs  and  war- 
riors were  all  assembled  this  morning  and  we  explained  to 
them  where  we  came  from,  the  objects  of  our  visiting  them, 
and  our  pacific  intentions  toward  all  the  Indians.  This,  be- 

prehended,  but "  appeared  to  give  perfect  satisfaction.  We 
now  gave  a  medal  to  two  of  the  chiefs,  a  shirt  in  addition 
to  the  medal  already  received  by  Twisted  Hair,  and  deliv- 
ered a  flag  and  a  handkerchief  for  the  grand  chief  on  his  re- 
turn. To  these  were  added  a  knife,  a  handkerchief,  and 
a  small  piece  of  tobacco  for  each  chief.  The  inhabitants 
did  not  give  us  any  provisions  gratuitously.  *  *  *  The 
men  exchanged  a  few  old  canisters  for  dressed  elk  skins,  of 
which  they  made  shirts.  Great  crowds  of  natives  were 
around  us  all  night,  but  we  have  not  yet  missed  anything 
except  a  knife  and  a  few  other  articles  stolen  yesterday 
from  a  shot  pouch. 

It  is  worthy  of  record  that  the  horses  entrusted  to 
the  care  of  Twisted  Hair  were  kept  faithfully  and 
honestly  returned  to  Lewis  and  Clark  when  they  came 
back  to  the  Nez  Perce  country  on  their  homeward 
journey. 

The  next  intercourse  between  whites  and  Nez 
Perces  began  with  the  advent  of  fur  traders  into  the 
Northwest  First  came  Astor's  party,  then  the  North 
West  Company  and  finally  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, besides  several  American  expeditions  sent  out 
to  compete  with  the  British  corporations  for  the  profits 
of  the  fur  trade.  In  all  their  relations  with  the  white 
men,  the  Nez  Perces  of  early  days  maintained  a  uni- 
form altitude  of  friendliness,  and  the  fur  trader  who 
stopped  to  rest  and  refresh  himself  at  a  Nez  Perce 
lodge  was  sure  to  receive  kindly  and  hospitable  treat- 
ment. Undoubtedly  the  Indians  profited  by  the  pres- 
ence among  them  of  the  merchants,  from  whom  they 
obtained,  besides  an  abundance  of  trinkets  and  tinsels, 
much  that  added  greatly  to  their  comfort.  It  was  by 
the  British  fur  traders  that  they  were  taught  the  use  of 
blankets  both  as  wearing  apparel  and  bedding.  But 
the  Hudson's  Bay  men  were  in  the  country  for  other 
purposes  than  the  amelioration  of  conditions  among 

Indians.     It  were  unfair  to  assert  that  they  were 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


entirely  without  benevolent  disposition  "toward  their 
red-skinned  brethren,  for  they  enforced  the  law  pro- 
hibiting the  sale  of  intoxicants  to  Indians  and  were 
reasonably  careful  that  nothing  should  be  done  to  de- 
bauch these  children  of  nature,  but  it  is  an  undoubted 
fact  that  they  not  only  neglected  to  sow  the  seeds  of 
a  higher  civilization  themselves,  but  were  opposed  to 
any  others  who  might  attempt  to  teach  the  Indian 
useful  arts  or  do  anything  to  render  him  less  absolutely 
dependent  upon  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  the  great 
autocratic  power  of  the  Columbia  basin. 

A  civilizing  force  of  a  vastly  higher  character  en- 
tered the  Indian  country,  when  the  American  mission- 
ary came,  actuated  by  no  other  motive  than  the  good 
of  the  red  men,  hoping  for  no  other  reward  than  a  noble 
work  well  performed,  an  approving  conscience  and  a 
final  abundant  entrance  into  a  heavenly  home.  The 
honor  of  pioneership  in  missionary  work  belongs  to 
Rev.  Jason  Lee,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
who  came  with  a  party  of  assistants  and  teachers  and 
settled  in  the  Willamette  valley  in  1834.  Two  years 
later  came  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman  and  wife  and  Rev. 
H.  H.  Spalding  and  wife,  the  ladies  being  the  first  of 
their  race  and  sex  to  venture  across  plain  and  mountain 
to  the  distant  Pacific.  Dr.  Whitman  established  his 
mission  at  Waiilatpu,  not  far  from  where  Walla  Walla 
now  is,  while  Spalding  cast  his  lot  with  the  Nez  Perces. 
This  devoted  missionary  was  a  native  of  Bath,  New 
York,  born  in  1804.  He  graduated  at  Western  Re- 
serve College  at  the  age  of  twenty-nine  and  later  en- 
tered Lane  Theological  Seminary,  the  course  in  which 
he  did  not  remain  to  complete.  In  1836  he  began  his 
missionary  labors  among  the  Nez  Perces  and  to  his 
unremitting  toil,  and  that  of  his  efficient  helpmate,  for 
the  temporal,  intellectual  and  spiritual  welfare  of  these 
Indians  much  credit  is  due  for  their  marked  superior- 
ity over  surrounding  tribes.  Perhaps  descriptions  of 
these  two  people  by  W.  H.  Gray  of  the  Whitman  mis- 
sion, who  was  associated  with  them  in  their  trip  across 
the  plains,  may  not  be  uninteresting  to  the  reader. 

"The  first  impression  of  a  stranger  on  seeing  H. 
H.  Spalding,"  says  Gray,  "is  that  he  has  before  him 

finds  a  man  with  sharp  features,  large,  brown  eyes, 
dark  hair,  high,  projecting  forehead,  with  many 
wrinkles,  and  a  head  nearly  bald.  He  is  of  medium 
size,  stoop-shouldered,  with  a  voice  that  can  assume  a 
mild,  sharp  or  boisterous  key  at  the  will  of  the  owner ; 

supposed  enemy ;  inclined  in  the  early  part  of  his  mis- 
sionary labors  to  accumulate  property  for  the  especial 
benefit  of  his  family,  though  the  practice  was  disap- 
proved of  and  forbidden  by  the  regulations  of  the 
American  Board.  In  his  professional  character  he 
was  below  mediocrity.  As  a  writer  or  correspondent 
he  was  bold,  and  rather  eloquent,  giving  overdrawn 
life  sketches  of  passing  events.  His  moral  influence 
was  injured  by  strong  symptoms  of  passion  when  pro- 
voked or  excited.  In  his  labors  for  the  Indians  he  was 
zealous  and  persevering,  and  in  his  instructions  wholly 
practical.  For  instance  to  induce  the  natives  to  work 
and  cultivate  their  lands,  he  had  Mrs.  Spalding  paint 


a  representation  of  Adam  and  Eve,  as  being  driven 
from  the  Garden  of  Eden  by  an  angel, — Adam  with 
a  hoe  on  his  shoulder  and  Eve  with  a  spinning  wheel. 
He  taught  the  natives  that  God  commanded  them  to 
work  as  well  as  pray.  Had  he  been  allowed  to  con- 
tinue his  labors  with  the  tribe,  undisturbed  by  sec- 
tarian and  anti-religious  influences,  he  would  have 
effected  great  good,  and  the  tribe  been  now  admitted 
as  citizens  of  the  United  States.  As  a  citizen  and  a 
neighbor  he  was  kind  and  obliging ;  to  his  family  he 
was  kind,  yet  severe  in  his  religious  observances.  He 
was  unquestionably  a  sincere,  though  not  always  hum- 
ble Christian.  The  loss  of  his  wife  and  the  excit- 
ing and  savage  massacre  of  his  asociates  produced 
their  effects  upon  him.  Charity  will  find  a  substan- 
tial excuse  for  most  of  his  faults,  while  virtue  and 
truth,  civilization  and  religion  will  award  him  a  place 
as  a  faithful,  zealous  and  comparatively  successful 
missionary. 

"Mrs.  Spalding  was  the  daughter  of  a  plain,  sub- 
stantial farmer,  by  the  name  of  Hart,  of  Oneida  coun- 
ty, New  York.  She  was  above  the  medium  height, 
slender  in  form,  with  coarse  features,  dark  brown  hair, 
blue  eyes,  rather  dark  complexion,  coarse  voice,  of  a 

guages.  In  fact  she  was  remarkable  in  acquiring  the 
Nez  Perce  language  so  as  to  understand  and  con- 
verse with  the  natives  quite  easily  by  the  time  they 
reached  their  station  at  Lapwai.  She  could  paint  in- 
differently in  water  colors,  and  had  been  taught  while 
a  child  ail  the  useful  branches  of  domestic  life ;  could 
spin,  weave,  and  sew,  etc.,  could  prepare  an  excellent 
meal  at  short  notice;  was  generally  sociable,  but  not 
forward  in  conversation  with  or  attentions  to  men.  In 
this  particular  she  was  the  opposite  of  Mrs.  Whit- 
man. With  the  native  women  Mrs.  Spalding  always 
appeared  cheerful  and  easy  and  had  their  unbounded 
confidence  and  respect.  She  was  remarkable  for  her 
firmness  and  decision  of  character  in  whatever  she  or 
her  husband  undertook.  She  never  appeared  to  be 
alarmed  or  excited  at  any  difficulty,  dispute  or  alarm 
common  to  the  Indian  life  around  her.  She  was  con- 
sidered by  the  Indian  men  as  a  brave,  fearless  woman 
and  was  respected  and  esteemed  by  all.  Though  she 
was  frequently  left  for  days  alone,  her  husband  be-' 
ing  absent  on  business,  but  a  single  insult  was  ever 
offered  her.  Understanding  their  language,  her  cool, 
quick  perception  of  the  design  enabled  her  to  give  so 
complete  and  thorough  a  rebuff  to  the  attempted  in- 
sult that,  to  hide  his  disgrace,  the  Indian  offering  it 
fled  from  the  tribe,  not  venturing  to  remain  among 
them.  In  fact  a  majority  of  the  tribe  were  in  favor 
of  hanging  the  Indian  who  offered  the  insult,  but  Mrs. 
Spalding  requested  that  they  should  allow  him  to 
live,  that  he  might  repent  of  his  evil  designs  and  do 
better  in  the  future.  Mrs.  Spalding  is  buried  near 
the  Callapooya,  in  the  Willamette  valley." 

Of  the  reception  given  by  the  Nez  Perces  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spalding  when  they  first  came  among 
them,  Mr.  Gray  says: 

"It  is  due  to  those  Indians  to  say  that  they  labored 
freely  and  faithfully  and  showed  the  best  of  feeling 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


toward  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spalding,  paying  good  attention 
to  instructions  given  them,  and  appeared  quite  anxious 
to  learn  all  they  could  of  their  teachers.  It  is  also 
due  to  truth  to  state  that  Mr.  Spalding  paid  them 
liberally  for  their  services  when  compared  with  the 
amount  paid  them  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for 
the  same  services;  say,  for  bringing  a  pine  log  ten 
feet  long  and  one  foot  in  diameter  from  the  Clearwater 
river  to  the  station,  it  usually  took  about  twelve  In- 
dians ;  for  this  service  Mr.  Spalding  paid  them  about 
six  inches  of  trail-rope  tobacco  each.  This  was  about 
four  times  as  much  as  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
paid.  This  fact  soon  created  a  feeling  of  unfriendli- 
ness toward  Mr.  Spalding.  Dr.  Whitman  managed 
to  get  along  with  less  Indian  labor  and  was  able,  from 
his  location,  to  procure  stragglers  or  casual  men  to 
work  for  him  for  a  time,  to  get  supplies  and  clothing 
to  help  them  on  their  way  down  to  the  Willamet  set- 
tlement." 

A  full  review  of  Mr.  Spalding's  labors,  his  suc- 
cesses, his  trials  and  discouragements  need  not  be  at- 
tempted here.  He  was  not  long  to  work  among  the 
red  men  in  peace  for  in  accordance  with  the  sec- 
tarian views  of  those  days,  the  Catholic  missionaries 
considered  it  their  duty  to  counteract  as  far  as  lay  in 
their  power  the  heretical  teachings  of  the  Protestants. 
The  task  of  instructing  the  Indians  in  the  arts  of 
civilization  and  the  mysteries  of  Christianity  was  cer- 
tainly difficult  enough  at  best;  with  the  opposition  of 
other  white  men  endeavoring  to  inculcate  a  belief 
that  the  teachings  of  the  first  missionaries  were  wholly 
false  and  certainly  leading  to  ultimate  damnation,  it 
was  practically  impossible  to  perform.  There  can  be 
no  doubt  but  that  the  sectarian  disputes  between 
Protestants  and  Catholics  nulified  the  influence  of 
both,  but  especially  the  former,  reduced  greatly  the 
respect  of  Indians  for  their  teachers  and  for  all  re- 
ligion, and  helped  sow  the  seeds  which  bore  fruit  in 
the  Whitman  massacre,  and  the  consequent  abandon- 
ment for  a  number  of  years  of  Mr.  Spalding's  mis- 
sion. 

But  notwithstanding  these  overwhelming  difficul- 
ties, Mr.  Spalding  and  his  noble  wife  accomplished 
much  for  the  benefit  of  the  Indians  among  whom  they 
labored  during  the  early  years  of  their  ministry.  When 
Dr.  Elijah  White,  sub-agent  of  Indian  affairs,  visited 
them,  he  found  their  little  plantations  "rude  to  be 
sure,"  as  he  wrote  under  date,  April  I,  1843,  "but 
successfully  carried  on  so  far  as  raising  the  neces- 
saries of  life  are  concerned."  "It  was  most  grati- 
fying," said  he,  "to  witness  their  fondness  and  care 
for  their  little  herds,  pigs,  poultry,  etc.  We  visited 
and  prescribed  for  their  sick,  made  a  short  call  at 
each  of  the  chief's  lodges,  spent  a  season  in  school, 
hearing  them  read,  spell  and  sing;  at  the  same  time 
examined  their  printing  and  writing,  and  can  hardly 
avoid  here  saying  I  was  happily  surprised  and  greatly 
interested  at  seeing  such  numbers  so  far  advanced 
and  so  eagerly  pursuing  after  knowledge.  *  *  *." 

During  this  visit  Dr.  White  succeeded  in  per- 
suading the  Indians,  in  general  council  assembled,  to 


adopt,  during  the  final  month  of  the  year  1842,  the 
following  laws  for  their  government: 

LAWS   OF   THE   NEZ    PERCES. 

Article  I.  Whoever  wilfully  takes  life  shall  be 
hung. 

Article  II.  Whoever  burns  a  dwelling  house  shall 
be  hung. 

Article  HI.  Whoever  burns  an  outbuilding  shall 
be  imprisoned  six  months,  receive  fifty  lashes  and  pay 
all  damages. 

Article  IV.  Whoever  carelessly  burns  a  house,  or 
any  property,  shall  pay  damages. 

Article  V.  If  anyone  enter  a  dwelling  without 
permission  of  the  occupant  the  chiefs  shall  punish  as 
they  think  proper.  Public  rooms  are  excepted. 

Article  VI.  If  anyone  steal  he  shall  pay  back  two- 
fold; and  if  it  be  the  value  of  a  beaver  skin  or  less, 
he  shall  receive  twenty-five  lashes ;  and  if  the  value 
is  over  a  beaver  skin,  he  shall  pay  back  two  fold,  and 
receive  fifty  lashes. 

Article  VII.  If  anyone  take  a  horse  and  ride  it 
without  permission,  or  take  any  article  and  use  it 
without  liberty,  he  shall  pay  for  the  use  of  it,  and  re- 
ceive from  twenty  to  fifty  lashes,  as  the  chief  shall 
direct. 

Article  VIII.  If  anyone  enter  a  field  and  injure 
the  crops,  or  throw  down  the  fence,  so  that  cattle  or 
horses  go  in  and  do  damage,  he  shall  pay  all  damages 
and  receive  twenty-five  lashes  for  every  offense. 

Article  IX.  Those  only  may  keep  dogs  who  travel 
or  live  among  the  game ;  if  a  dog  kill  a  lamb,  calf  or 
any  domestic  animal,  the  owner  shall  pay  the  damages 
and  kill  the  dog. 

Article  X.  If  any  Indian  raises  a  gun  or  any 
other  weapon  against  a  white  man,  it  shall  be  re- 
ported to  the  chiefs,  and  they  shall  punish  him.  If  a 
white  do  the  same  to  an  Indian,  it  shall  be  reported 
to  Dr.  White,  and  he  shall  punish  or  redress  it. 

Article  XL  If  an  Indian  break  these  laws,  he 
shall  be  punished  by  his  chief;  if  a  white  man  break 
them,  he  shall  be  reported  to  the  agent,  and  punished 
at  his  instance. 

These  laws,  as  also  certain  books  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment translated  into  Nez  Perce  by  Mr.  Spalding,  were 
printed  on  a  press  donated  to  the  mission  by  the 
mission  of  the  American  Board  in  the  Sandwich  Is- 
lands. It  was  the  first  press  in  the  Oregon  territory 
and  in  the  hands  of  the  missionaries  proved  a  potent 
factor  in  the  elevation  of  the  Indian. 

But  an  idea  of  the  work  of  Mr.  Spalding  during 
the  earliest  years  of  his  labors  among  the  Nez  Perces, 
and  his  impressions  of  the  Indians  is  best  conveyed 
by  incorporating  a  portion  of  a  letter  on  the  subject 
written  to  Dr.  Elijah  White  about  the  year  1843.  & 
reads : 

My  Dear  Brother.— The  kind  letter  which  our  mission 
had  the  honor  of  receiving  from  yourself,  making  inquiries 
relative  to  its  numbers,  the  character  of  the  Indian  tribes. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


important,  and  to  answer  them  demands  a  more  extended 
knowledge  of  character  and  habits,  from  personal  daily  ob- 

brow,   there   were   the    wandering'  children   of   a   necessarily 

rLVro7gtlfee0sPcnoo°l.CO  Over^this  "d'epa^tn^nrof  ^abor  'hung 
the  darkest  cloud,  as  the  Indian  is  noted  for  despising  manual 

regret  this,  as  the  latter  will  receive  the  attention  of  my 

men.      The  hoe  soon  brought  hope,  light  and  satisfaction,  the 

have-  not  extended  far  beyond  the  people  of  my  immediate 
charge. 

stitute  for  their  former  precarious  game  and  roots,  and  are 
much  preferred  by  the  people,  who  are  coming  in  from  the 
mountains  and  plains,  and  calling  for  hoes,  plows  and  seeds 

Board,  and  was  commanded  in  the  fall  of  1836  by  Marcus 

^^^aS^T^^dg^Sffnn; 

from  the  Pacific  and  about  two  hundred  from  Fort  Van- 

to  give  the  first  lessons  in  agriculture.      That  the  men  of  the 

In  the  fall  of  1838  Mr.  Gray  returned  to  this  country,  ac- 
companied by  Mrs.  Grav.  Messrs.  Walker,  Eells  and  Smith, 
and  their  wives,  and  Mr.  Rogers.  The  next  season  two 
new  stations  were  commenced,  one  by  Messrs.  Walker  and 
Eells,  at  Cimakain,  near  Spokan  river,  among  the  Spokan 

The  men  say.  whereas,  then  once  did  not  labor  with  their 
hands,  now  they  do  ;  and  often  tell  me  in  jesting  that  I  have 
converted  them  into  a  nation  of  women.      They  are  a  very 
industrious  people,  and,  from  very  small  beginnings,  they  now 
cultivate  their  lands  with  much  skill,  and  to  good  advantage. 
Doubtless  many  more  wo'tld  cultivate,  but   for  the  want  of 

the  second  by  Mr.  Smith,  among  the  Nez  Perces,  sixty  miles 
above  this  station.  There  are  now  connected  with  this 
mission  the  Rev  Messrs.  Walker  and  Eells,  Mrs.  Walker  and 
Mrs.  Eells,  at  Cimakain  :  myself  and  Mrs.  Spalding  at  this 

send   up  the   plows   you   kindly   proposed   they   will,   without 
doubt,  be  purchased  immediately  and  put  to  the  best  use. 
But  to  return  to  the  school!     It  now  numbers  two  hun- 
dred and  twenty-  five  in  daily  attendance,  half  of  which  are 

^i^^.^^So^v^^^^^^^ 

of  the  school.      A  new  impulse  was  given  to  the  school  by 

Concerning  the  schools  and  congregations  on  the  Sab- 
bath, I  will  speak  only  of  this  station.  The  congregation 
on  the  Sabbath  varies  at  different  seasons  of  the  year,  and 

the  on  their  farms.      Their  improvement  is  astonishing,  con- 
sidering  their   crowded   condition,   and   only    Mrs.    Spalding, 
with  her  delicate  constitution  and  her  family  cares,  for  their 
teacher. 

tionTVitif  much^parent  ^iSSTt?  cuWvafing^he^so"!, 

'to5  memo™  as'loon^s  possTole.^    Prmt   m"St    ^   C°mm'tted 

abundant  and  agreeable  source  of  subsistence  in  the  hoe  than 
in  their  bows  and  sticks  for  digging  roots. 
For  a  few  weeks  in  the  fall,  after  the  people  return  from 
their  buffalo   hunt,   and   then   again   in  the   spring,   the  con- 

the  winter  it  numbers  from  two  to  eight  hundred.  From 
July  ist  to  the  ist  of  October,  it  varies  from  two  to  five 
hundred.  The  congregation,  as  also  the  school,  increases 

books  are  taken  home  at  night  :  and  every  lodge  becomes  a 
schoolroom. 
Their  lessons   are   scripture   lessons;   no   others    (except 
the  laws)  seem  to  interest  them.      I  send  you  a  specimen  of 
the  books  they  print  in  school.      It  was  printed  by  ten  select  ' 
adults,  yet  it  is  a   fair  specimen  of  a  great   number  in  the 
school. 

cinity  is  increased. 

earliest  attention,  on  arriving  in  this  country,  was  turned 
toward  schools,  as  promising  the  most  permanent  good  to 

the  preached  Gospel.  But  to  speak  of  schools  then  was  like 

were  unanimously  adopted  by  the  people,  I  have  printed  in 
the  form  of  a  small  schoolbooic.     A  great  number  of  the  school 
now   read  them   fluently.    I   send  you   a   few   copies   of  the 
laws   with   no  apologies   for  the  imperfect   manner  in  which 
they  are  executed.      Without   doubt,   a   school   of  nearly  the 
same  number  could  be  collected  at  Kimiah,  the  station  above 

in  the  first  ax  by  which  the  timber  is  to  be  felled,  or  the  first 
stone  laid  in  the  dam  which  is  to  collect  the  water  from 

principal   chief. 
Number  who  cultivate.  —  Last  season  about  one  hundred 

forth  its  sounds.  Suffice  it  to  say,  through  the  blessings  of 
God  we  have  had  an  increasingly  large  school,  for  two 

five   acres   each.       About   half   this    number   cultivate    in   the 
valley.     One  chief  raised  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  bushels 

But.  the  steps  by  which  we  have  been  brought  to  the 
present  elevation,  if  I  may  so  speak,  though  we  are  yet  ex- 
ceedinglv  low.  begin  far,  far  back  among  the  days  of  nothing, 
and  little  to  do  with. 

of  potatoes.      Another,  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  peas, 
one  hundred  and  sixty  of  corn,  a  large  quantity  of  potatoes, 
vegetables,  etc.      Ellis.  I  believe,  raised  more  than  either  of 
the   above-mentioned.       Some   forty   other    individuals    raised 
from  twentv  to  one  hundred  bushels  of  grain.      Eight  indi- 

HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Thir 


i    head 


:ssed  by  thirteen  individuals ;  ten  sheep  by 
four;  some  forty  hogs. 

Arts  and  sciences.— Mrs.  Spalding  has  .instructed  ten  fe- 

the  schools  in  sewing,  six  in  carding  and  spinning,  and  three 
in  weaving.  Should  our  worthy  brother  and  sister,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Littlejohn,  join  us  soon,  as  is  now  expected,  I  trust, 
by  the  blessing  of  God,  we  shall  see  greater  things  than  we 
have  yet  seen.  From  what  I  have  seen  in  the  field,  the  school, 
the  spinning  and  weaving  room,  in  the  prayer-room,  and 
Sabbath  congregation,  I  am  fully  of  the  opinion  that  this 
people  are  susceptible  of  high  moral  and  civil  improvement. 
Moral  character  of  the  people.— On  this  subject  there  is 


i  natio 


tain   day, 


reminded   him  that  the  Sabbath  extended  ; 
Rocky  Mountains,  he  might   well  consider  them  such.      An- 
other   stvles    them    supremely    selfish,    which    is    nearer    the 


ndiffer 


of    grat 


ur  bodies.     I  can  not  reconcile  this 

unprofitable  lives,  through  a  kind  Providence,'  be  spared  a 
few  years,  by  the  blessings  of  the  God  of  missions,  we  expect 
to  see  this  people  christianized  to  a  great  extent,  civilized, 
and  happy,  with  much  of  science  and  the  word  of  God,  and 
many  of  the  comforts  of  life ;  but  not  without  many  days 
of  hard  labor,  and  sore  trials,  of  disappointed  hopes,  and 
nameless  perplexities. 

The   number  of  this   people  is  variously  estimated   from 


s   of   land   under   i 


ent,   twenty-four   head 

of  cattle,  thirty-six  horses,  sixty-seven  sheep.  Rev.  Messrs. 
Walker  and  Eells.  I  hope,  will  report  to  Wailatpu;  but 
should  they  fail,  I  will  say,  as  near  as  I  can  recollect,  about 


What  I  have  above  si 
side  of  their  charactei 
which  I  have  sometit 


this   people.     Belonging  to  the   station  are   thirty-four   head 
Df  cattle,  eleven  horses,  some  forty  hogs ;  one  dwelling  house 


srty  i 


Arable  land—  The  arable  land  i 


this 


great  ones,  yet  few  of  them  seemed  disposed  to  break  the 
Sabbath  by  'traveling  and  other  secular  business.  A  very 
few  indulge  in  something  like  profane  swearing.  Very  few 
are  siiperstitiously  attached  to  their  medicine  men,  who  are, 
without  doubt,  sorce 


supernatural  jehig  Walking,  ^vho^shows  himself  some- 
times in  the  gray  bear,  the  wolf,  the  swan,  goose,  wind, 
clouds,  etc. 

Lying  is  very  common ;  thieving  comparatively  rare ; 
polygamy  formerly  common,  but  now  rare :  much  gambling 
among  the  young  men;  quarreling  and  fighting  quite  rare; 
habit  of  taking  back  property  after  it  is  sold  is  a  practice 
quite  common,  and  very  evil  in  its  tendency.  All  these 
evils,  I  conceive,  can  be  traced  to  the  want  of  wholesome 
laws  and  well-regulated  society.  There  are  two  traits  in 
the  character  of  this  people  I  wish  to  notice.  One  I  think 
;  the  other  I  cannot.  It  is  often  said  the 


further  observation  may  prove  that  many  of  the  extensive 
rolling  praries  are  capable  of  producing  wheat.  They  can 
become  inhabited  only  by  cultivating  timber;  but  the  rich 
growth  of  buffalo  grass  upon  them  will  ever  furnish  an  inex- 
haustible supply  for  innumerable  herds  of  cattle  and  sheep.  I 
know  of  no  country  in  the  world  so  well  adopted  to  the 
herding  system.  Cattle,  sheep  and  horses  are  invariably 
healthy,  and  produce  rapidly ;  sheep  usually  twice  a  year. 
The  herding  system  adopted,  the  country  at  first  put  under 
regulations  Adopted _  to  the  scarcity  of  habitable  places  (say 
'enty  a 


af  land  c 


the 


the  United  St; 
to  regard  the 
country. 


populati( 


I  i 


•ithout 


nub!    \ 


n  happy  to  feel  assured  that 
has  no  other  thoughts  than 
of  the  Indian  tribes  in  this 


So  far  as  my  experience  has  gone  with  this  people,  the  above 

the  idea  there  conveyed.      It  is  true  they  never  forget  a  kind- 
ness, but  after  make  it  the  occasion  to  ask  another;  and  if 

experience6  haT  taught"  meThat'Tf  ^would^eep  thTfriendship 
favor   in  the   way   of   property   than   what   he   returns   some 


remains  in  the  hands  of  the  present  agent,  I  have  the  fullest 
confidence    to    believe    that    the    reasonable    expectations    in 

be  fully  realized  by  every  philanthropist  and  every  Christian, 
abundantly  supplied,  there  will  be  remaining  country  suf- 
:hought  of  removing  these  tribes  that  the  country 


wholly 


tlu-  i 


from  this  source.  J  am,  however,  happy  to  feel  that  there  is 
a  manifest  improvement  as  the  people  become  more  in- 
structed, and  we  become  more  acquainted  with  their  habits. 
This  offensive  trait  in  the  Indian  character  I  believe  in 
part  should  be  charged  to  white  men.  It  has  been  the  uni- 

other  article,  to  Indians  when  they  ask  for  it.'  Hence  two 
very  natural  ideas  ;  one  is,  that  the  white  man  is  in  debt  to 

good  man  he  will  ilix-hanir  this  debt  by  giving  bountifully 
of  his  provisions  and  goods.  This  trait  in  Indian  character 
is  capable  of  being  turned  to  the  disadvantage  of  traders, 


lind  of  a  friend  of  the  red  men, 


Dimtless  millions  of  salm 
its   tributaries,   and   furnish   a 
sustenance    of   the    tribes    who 

Rocky  ' 


atmg  t 


•wn  lar 


r  Indian  Affai 


Wes 


_  _  :>nd,   the 

n  the  Columbia  and 
t   proportion   of  the 


•  Rocky  Mts 


ness  to  receive  instruction  in  school  on  the  Sabbath  and  on 
the  farm  is  without  a  parallel  in  my  knowledge,  still,  should 
a  reckless  fellow  from  their  own  number,  or  even  a  stranger, 

to  suppose  but  a  vast  majority  of  them  would  look  on  with 


While  Mr  Spalding  wisely  determined  not  to  re- 
main at  his  mission  after  the  Whitman  massacre  of 
1847,  his  influence  continued  to  exert  its  power  over 
the  minds  of  the  red  men  throughout  all  the  stirring 
period  which  followed.  During  the  Cayuse  war  not 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  Nez  Perce  gun  was  turned  against  the  whites  and 
at  the  council  of  Walla  Walla  in  1855,  the  United 
States  commissioners  noted  that  the  tribesmen  had  not 
forgotten  the  religious  instructions  Spalding  had  im- 
parted to  them,  but  on  Sundays  held  preaching  ser- 
vices and  engaged  in  the  visible  forms  of  worship. 

Another  force  in  strengthening  the  friendship  be- 
tween Americans  and  Nez  Perces  was  the  command- 
ing influence  and  rare  ability  of  Head  Chief  Hal- 
haltlosot,  known  among  the  whites  as  Lawyer  on  ac- 
count of  his  ready  wit  and  repartee.  "Wise,  en- 
lightened and  magnanimous,  the  head  chief,  yet  one 
of  the  poorest  of  his  tribe,  he  stood  head  and  shoulders 
above  the  other  chiefs,  whether  in  intellect,  nobility 
of  soul  or  influence."  His  force  of  character  and  in- 
nate ability  enabled  him  to  overcome  poverty  and  low- 
liness of  birth  and  to  achieve,  while  yet  in  middle  life, 
the  first  place  among  his  people.  He  used  his  in- 
fluence for  the  amelioration  of  the  tribe,  directing  his 
initial  efforts  against  the  two  chief  vices  then  obtain- 
ing— gambling  and  polygamy.  He  has  the  distinc- 
tion of  having  been  the  only  western  Indian  possessed 
of  sufficient  statesmanship  to  discern  that  no  resis- 
tance to  the  power  of  the  whites  could  avail  any- 
thing, and  that  the  wise  course  for  his  race  to  pursue 
was  to  adopt  the  white  man's  mode  of  life  and  live  in 
amity  with  him.  This  view  of  the  case  gave  shape 
to  his  policy  and  he  cultivated  the  friendship  of  his 
white  brethern  with  unfailing  assiduity.  He  and  his 
people  were  shrewd  enough  to  turn  friendship  to  their 
own  advantage  in  trade,  but  the  policy  of  Lawyer  was 
undoubtedly  dictated  by  higher  motives  than  mere 
temporary  'gain.  He  had  at  heart  the  highest  good 
of  his  race  and  wisdom  enough  to  see  clearly  the  way 
to  secure  it,  and  he  earned  for  himself  a  right  to  the 
everlasting  gratitude  of  whites  and  Indians  alike. 

At  the  council  of  Walla  Walla  he  not  only 
wielded  a  tremendous  influence  in  securing  the  adop- 
tion of  the  treaties  proposed  by  Stevens  and  Palmer, 
but  he  placed  the  commissioners  under  obligations  to 
him  for  the  preservation  of  their  lives  and  those  of 
their  party.  "He  disclosed,"  writes  Hazard  Stevens, 
"a  conspiracy  on  the  part  of  the  Cayuses  to  suddenly 
rise  up  and  massacre  all  the  whites  on  the  council 
ground,— that  this  measure,  deliberated  in  nightly 
conferences  for  some  time,  had  at  length  been  determ- 
ined upon  in  full  council  of  the  tribe  the  day  before, 
which  the  Young  Chief  had  requested  for  a  holiday ; 
they  were  now  only  awaiting  the  assent  of  the  Yakimas 
and  Walla  Wallas  to  strike  the  blow ;  and  that  these 
latter  had  actually  joined,  or  were  on  the  point  of 
joining,  the  Cayuses  in  a  war  of  extermination 
against  all  the  whites,  for  which  the  massacre  of  the 
governor  (Stevens)  and  his  party  was  to  be  the  signal. 
They,  had  conducted  these  plottings  with  the  greatest 
secrecy,  not  trusting  the  Nez  Perces ;  and  the  Lawyer, 
suspecting  that  all  was  not  right,  had  discovered  the 
plot  by  means  of  a  spy  with  the  greatest  difficulty  and 
only  just  in  time  to  avert  the  catastrophe." 

To  frustrate  these  hostile  designs  the  Lawyer 
pitched  his  lodge  in  the  center  of  the  white  camp, 
thereby  conveying  to  the  other  Indians  the  intelli- 


gence that  the  commissioners  and  party  were  under 
his  protection.  So  numerous  and  powerful  were  the 
Nez  Perces  that  even  a  combination  of  the  other 
tribes  dare  not  risk  a  collision  with  them,  so  the  foul 
plot  had  to  be  abandoned.  It  is  the  opinion  of  some 
writers,  from  the  circumstances  attending  the  sign- 
ing of  the  treaties  by  other  Indians  than  the  Nez 
Perces,  and  the  war  which  followed  so  hard  upon  it, 
that  they  or  some  of  them  appended  their  names  as  a 
deliberate  act  of  treachery,  hoping  to  lull  the  whites 
into  a  feeling  of  security,  then  fall  upon  them  totally 
unprepared  for  defense.  But  whether  this  be  true  or 
not,  certain  it  is  that  the  Nez  Perces  were  acting  in 
good  faith,  for  they  testified  their  sincerity  by  remain- 
ing true  to  their  bargain  and  to  their  white  friends 
during  the  storm  of  war  which  ensued. 

When,  in  1860  and  subsequent  years,  the  gold  ex- 
citement drew  thousands  of  miners  into  the  Nez  Perce 
country,  the  ancient  friendliness  was  found  so  deep 
rooted  as  to  stand  the  strain  naturally  put  upon  it. 
It  must  be  admitted  that  no  white  community  would 
quietly  permit  such  an  invasion.  While  it  is  true  that 
the  Indians  were  powerless  to  prevent  permanently  the 
appropriation  of  mining  property,  they  could,  had 
they  been  so  disposed,  have  fallen  upon  the  whites 
and  massacred  them  in  great  numbers,  and  many  other 
tribes  would  have  done  so.  Even  in  the  one  instance 
where  representatives  of  the  Nez  Perce  tribe  took  arms 
against  the  whites,  the  majority  remained  steadfast  in 
their  friendship  and  while  some  of  those  obstensibly 
friendly  may  have  rendered  assistance  to  their  red 
brethren  in  arms,  many  gave  much  help  to  the  whites 
by  warning  them  of  approaching  danger,  carrying 
messages  and  the  like. 

Everything  considered,-  no  tribe  of  Indians  de- 
serves better  treatment  at  the  hands  of  the  whites  than 
the  Nez  Perces,  and  while  it  is  claimed  and  no  doubt 
with  truth  that  they  have  been  shamefully  swindled 
by  representatives  of  the  government,  it  is  likewise 
certain  that  not  a  little  effort  has  been  made  for  the 
amelioration  of  their  conditions.  They  are  fortunate  in 
possessing  the  old  Fort  Lapwai  Indian  Training  school, 
established  by  the  government  nearly  two  decades  ago ; 
the  successor  of  a  much  older  institution.  As  a  re- 
sult of  its  establishment  and  maintenance  the  Nez 
Perces  are  among  the  best  educated  Indians  in  the 
west.  When  Captain  Pratt,  superintendent  of  the 
Carlisle  Indian  school  in  Pennsylvania,  the  highest 
school  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States,  recently  said 
that  the  Nez  Perces  who  came  to  him  were  the  bright- 
est of  any  Indians  with  whom  he  had  to  deal,  he  paid 
a  high  compliment  to  the  intellectual  ability  of  this 
tribe  and  also  to  the  efficiency  of  the  reservation  train- 
ing school  at  Lapwai.  With  bright  minds  to  in- 
struct, plenty  of  equipment  and  highly  capable  corps 
of  teachers,  the  school  has  been  able  to  maintain  a 
high  standard  of  efficiency. 

As  its  name  implies,  this  institution  is  situated  at 
old  Fort  Lapwai  in  Nez  Perces  county.  The  old  fort  has 
long  since  been  abandoned,  but  its  site  is  still  reserved 
by  the  government  and  many  of  the  old  post  build- 
ings are  still  utilized  by  the  school.  The  location  is 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


129 


in  the  picturesque  Lapwai  valley,  six  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  creek  and  Spalding  the  nearest  railroad 
point.  Here  in  this  circular  depression  the  land  lies 
nearly  level,  furnishing  an  unexcelled  building  site. 
Sheltered  from  the  bleak  winds  which  occasionally 
sweep  the  higher  region  above  and  yet  low  enough 
to  profit  by  the  warmer  currents  of  air  which  temper 
the  climate  of  the  Clearwater  valley  in  winter,  well 
watered  by  Lapwai  creek  and  numerous  springs,  fav- 
ored with  fertile  soil,  surrounded  by  the  hills  and 
prairies  so  dear  to  the  hearts  of  the  race  and  so  near 
to  the  scenes  famous  in  their  history,  the  spot  is  cer- 
tainly ideal  for  the  purposes  of  an  Indian  school; 
while  the  busy  farmers  at  work  in  the  neighboring 
hills  and  vales  give  the  young  Indians  a  constant  ob- 
ject lesson  in  industry  and  its  rewards. 

Commencing  in  the  old  quarters  abandoned  by  the 
soldiers  in  the  latter  'seventies,  one  by  one  the  Fort 
Lapwai  Indian  Training  School  has  added  buildings 
until  at  present  it  occupies  fourteen  besides  the  stables 
and  smaller  outbuildings.  The  four  largest  of  these 
are  a  handsome,  two-story  brick  structure  used  as  a 
boys'  dormitory,  a  large,  two-story,  frame  dormi- 
tory for  the  girls,  a  spacious  dining  hall,  kitchen  and 
lodging  house  and  a  fine,  modern  frame  schoolhouse. 
Then  there  are  the  superintendent's  office,  the  doctor's 
office,  the  drug  store,  the  laundry,  the  gymnasium  and 
the  industrial  work  room  and  lastly  the  quarters  of 
the  employes,  most  of  whom  reside  in  the  old  officers 
building.  The  newest  of  these  structures  was  erected 
in  1896,  though  all  have  been  remodeled,  painted  and 

ping  is  constantly  going  forward.  All  of  these  build- 
ings are  located  on  a  fine,  level  campus  of  several 
acres,  enclosed  by  a  sightly  picket  fence.  The  grounds 
I  are  well  kept,  the  different  buildings  are  arranged 
along  regularly  laid  out  streets  bordering  the  campus 
proper  and  the  whole  presents  an  orderly  appearance 
pleasing  to  the  eye.  North  and  west  of  the  campus 
are  the  orchard  and  garden  of  the  institution,  cover- 
ing several  acres.  In  all  there  are  between  fifteen 
and  twenty  acres  in  campus,  garden  and  orchard. 
Then  there  is  a  large  farm  attached  to  the  establish- 
ment on  which  all  of  the  vegetables,  cereals  and  hay 
used  at  the  school  and  agency  are  raised.  It  was  not 
possible  to  obtain  from  those  in  charge  an  accurate  es- 
timate of  the  value  of  the  property,  but  it  must  with  all 
equipments  have  cost  $50,000. 

Accommodations  are  provided  for  eighty-five 
boys  and  sixty-five  girls  and  at  the  present  time  the 
capacity  of  the  school  is  taxed.  The  school  is  open  to 
all  Nez  Perce  Indians  between  the  ages  of  five  and 
eighteen  years.  Formerly  attendance  was  optional, 
but  at  present  a  law  is  in  force  compelling  all  Indians 
of  school  age  to  attend  school  at  least  nine  months  in 
the  year.  Under  the  present  regulations  of  the  Lap- 
wai school,  a  ten  months'  term  is  maintained.  Dur- 
ing the  past  winter  diphtheria  made  its  appearance 
among  the  pupils  and  as  a  result  the  attendance  was 
considerably  decreased  for  a  few  weeks. 

While  in  school  the  boys  and  girls  wear  uniforms. 
The  boys'  suits  are  of  a  dark  steel  color,  and  the  cadet 


pattern,  trimmed  with  red  stripes  and  brass  buttons. 
The  girls  wear  a  gray  uniform  with  black  trimmings, 
or  a  blue  uniform  with  red  trimmings.  The 
boys  are  divided  into  two  military  companies  and 
have  a  drill  each  morning  in  their  drill  room  and 
battalion  drill  occasionally. 

The  routine  of  school  life  is  interesting.  At  six 
o'clock  the  rising  bell  rings.  An  hour  later  all,  except 
those  who  are  sick,  must  breakfast,  the  Indians  in 
their  hall  and  the  officers  and  instructors  in  theirs. 
At  7 130  the  pupils  fall  into  line  and  details  are  made. 
The  disciplinarian  selects  squads  to  take  care  of  the 
stock,  cut  wood  and  carry  it  in,  milk  the  cows,  build 
fires,  work  in  the  garden  and  do  other  minor  chores. 
The  matron  assigns  a  division  of  the  girls  to  sweep, 
dust  and  to  attend  the  living  rooms,  assist  in  the 
kitchen  and  dining  room,  etc.  While  one  division  is 
in  school,  another  works  under  the  supervision  of  the 
industrial  departments;  the  boys  under  the  farmer, 
carpenter  or  industrial  teacher;  the  girls  under  the 
matron,  cook,  laundress,  seamstress  or  baker.  The 
literary  department  holds  its  sessions  from  9  a.  m.  to 
1 1 130  a.  m.,  and  from  i  p.  m.  to  4  p.  m.  The  literary 
work  is  elementary,  sixth  grade  work  being  the  highest. 
Of  course  the  work  of  all  departments  is  so  arranged 
that  a  thorough  elementary  school  education  and  in- 
dustrial training  is  given  each  pupil  during  the  year. 
At  5  :3O  p.  m.  the  supper  bell  rings  and  after  the  eve- 
ning meal  an  hour  must  be  devoted  to  study.  The  day 
is  finally  closed  by  the  summons  to  retire,  which  comes 
at  9:30  o'clock.  On  Sunday  a  non-sectarian  Sunday 
school  is  held,  attended  by  all  the  pupils  and  whenever 
the  school  is  favored  by  the  visit  of  a  clergyman,  he 
is  invited  to  preach  to  them.  Once  a  week  the  steady 
routine  of  school  life  is  laid  aside  for  a  social  function 
— a  concert,  a  drill,  a  lecture  or  an  amateur  play.  The 
school  possesses  a  creditable  cornet  band  of  sixteen 
pieces  which  plays  on  all  important  occasions  and  at 
the  weekly  entertainments.  In  fact  everything  which 
would  contribute  to  the  physical  and  mental  better- 
ment and  upbuilding  of  these  boys  and  girls  has  been 
done  by  the  government  at  this  school  and  the  results 
show  that  the  work  has  not  been  in  vain. 

The  corps  of  instructors  at  the  school  includes  the 
following,  nearly  all  of  whom  have  had  previous  ex- 
perience in  Indian  work:  Literary  teachers,  Alice  B. 
Preuss,  Mrs.  Hallie  M.  Alley,  Jennie  Smith;  indus- 
trial teacher,  Fletcher  Cox ;  farmer,  Alvan  Shinn ;  car- 
penter, T.  C.  Glenn;  girls'  matron,  Emma  Trout- 
man  ;  boys'  matron,  Laura  Mahin ;  cook,  Lizzie  Pike ; 
laundress,  Clara  L.  Stuve;  seamstress,  Alice  Sim- 
mons; disciplinarian,  Corbett  Lawyer  (Indian); 
baker,  Mrs.  Mary  Osborn;  policeman,  Frank  Hoosis- 
kopsis  (Indian) ;  interpreter,  Edward  Raboin  (In- 
dian). 

The  superintendent  of  the  Indian  school  and  also 
the  Indian  agent  for  the  tribe  is  Earl  T.  MacArthur, 
who  succeeded  Agent  T.  C.  Stranahan  in  July,  1902. 
At  that  time  the  two  offices  were  combined  and  the 
agency  removed  from  Spalding  to  Lapwai.  Mr.  Mac- 
Arthur  is  an  energetic  young  man,  thoroughly  equipped 
for  his  work.  He  is  a  native  of  Iowa,  a  gradu- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


ate  of  Cornell  University  and  since  1891  has  been  en- 
gaged in  Indian  work  under  the  direction  of  the  In- 
terior department.  Previous  to  his  transfer  to  the 
Fort  Lapwai  school,  he  was  in  charge  of  the  Lewiston 
agency  in  South  Dakota. 

The  agency  is  situated  at  the  school  and  occupies 
a  commodious  office  by  itself.  Here  Mr.  MacArthur 
is  assisted  in  the  management  of  affairs  by  three 
clerks,  J.  S.  Martin,  A.  J.  Montgomery  and  J.  N. 
Alley.  The  latter  is  also  attached  to  the  school  and 
agency  in  the  capacity  of  physician.  About  $50,000 
a  year  are  required  to  maintain  the  school  and  agency 
and  fully  $60,000  lease  money  passed  through  the 
agency  last  year,  the  office  conducting  all  transac- 
tions of  this  nature  between  the  Indians  and  whites. 
Aside  from  the  leasing  of  lands  there  is  very  little 
else  done  by  the  agent  nowadays  as  the  lands  have 
all  been  allotted  and  the  red  men  given  full  citizen- 
ship.. 

Just  a  word  about  the  later  missions.  In  1847 
Rev.  H.  H.  Spalding  retired  to  the  Willamette  val- 
ley. He  returned  to  Lapwai  as  superintendent  of 
schools  in  1864,  which  position  he  occupied  two  or 
three  years,  when  the  office  was  abolished.  In  the 
fall  of  1871,  he  again  took  up  his  abode  among  the 
Nez  Perces  as  a  missionary,  and  he  continued  to  re- 
side at  Spalding  and  Lapwai  until  his  death  in  1874. 

His  mantle  fell  upon  the  worthy  shoulders  of 
Miss  Susan  Law  Mcbeth,  who  had  come  as  mission- 
ary teacher  in  1873  from  the  Choctaw  mission  in 
Indian  Territory.  She  was  a  graduate  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa  and  to  her  belonged  the  distinction 
of  having  been  the  first  lady  to  serve  as  a  delegate 
to  the  Christian  Commission,  at  work  among  the 
soldiers  of  the  Union  army. 

Miss  Mcbeth  taugh  school  a  year  after  coming  to 


the  land  of  the  Nez  Perces,  then  succeeded  to  Mr. 
Spalding's  Bible  class  at  Kamiah,  later  taking  up 
his  entire  missionary  work  over  the  whole  reservation. 
She  remained  at  Kamiah  until  1877,  when  she  fled 
to  Lapwai  to  escape  the  hostiles.  Two  years  later 
she  returned  to  Kamiah.  She  remained  until  i8T_ 
in  which  year  she  removed  to  Mount  Idaho.  There 
she  died  in  1893.  She  has  been  described  as  a  w 
man  of  high  mental  attainments,  untiring  energy  and 
fervid  religious  faith. 

Her  sister,  Miss  Kate  C.  Mcbeth,  succeeded  to 
the  work  and  is  still  the  representative  among  the 
Nez  Perces  of  the  American  Board.  She  came  in 
1879  to  assist  her  sister  and  taught;  the  women  while 
her  sister  labored  for  the  spiritual  and  moral  better- 
ment of  the  men.  She  spent  her  time  in  Kamiah, 
Mount  Idaho  and  Spalding  until  1885,  when  she  be- 
came a  resident  of  Lapwai.  At  present  she  has 
charge  of  a  commodious  and  well  furnished  mission 
house  opposite  the  Indian  school,  and  is  instructing 
a  large  class  of  Bible  students.  She  also  makes  oc- 
casional journeys  over  the  reservation.  Miss  Mc- 
beth has  compiled  and  is  still  endeavoring  to  per- 
fect a  dictionary  of  the  Nez  Perce  language  and  her 
studies  in  this  -direction  have  made  her  perhaps  the 
greatest  living  authority  on  the  subject.  She  is  also 
considered  an  authority  on  the  history  and  traditions 
of  the  tribe.  Her  assistant  in  the  work  is  Miss  Mazie 
Crawford. 

There  is  a  Catholic  mission  at  Slickpoo,  on  Mis- 
sion creek,  northwest  of  Lapwai.  It  is  under  the  pa- 
tronage of  St.  Joseph  and  is  the  center  of  several 
outlying  missions.  The  fathers  of  the  Society  of  Jesus 
conduct  the  work.  A  small  school  was  in  the  course 
of  construction  at  the  time  of  the  writer's  visit  to 
the  reservation. 


CHAPTER  V. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


In  many  respects  Nez  Perces  differs  widely  in 
topography  and  productions  from  its  larger  neighbor 
on  the  south,  the  county  to  which  it  is  the  gateway 
and  with  which  it  is  quite  intimately  associated.  Yet 
it  may  be  said  with  truth  that  the  people  of  Nez  Perces 
and  Idaho  counties  are  so  closely  bound  together  by 
the  ties  of  commercial  relationship  as  to  form  practic- 
ally one  community.  This  relationship,  however,  arises 
rather  out  of  diversity  of  industries  than  similarity  of 
pursuits.  The  presence  of  mineral  wealth  in  Idaho 
county,  the  relatively  small  amount  of  agricultural 
land,  the  elevation  of  much  of  its  surface,  the  rugged- 
ness  of  its  topography  have  determined  the  leading 


pursuits  of  its  people,  making  them  a  mining  and  stock 
raising  rather  than  an  agricultural  class.  The  same 
great  law  of  nature  has  made  agriculture  the  principal 
industry  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  the  natural  inter- 
dependence of  these  industries  has  bound  the  people 
together  in  a  close  commercial  bond. 

But  Nez  Perces  county,  though  less  wild  and  strik- 
ing in  its  physical  features  than  its  neighbor  on  the  I 
south  is  not  lacking  in  the  ruggedness  of  aspect  which 
forms  the  most  striking  characteristic  of  the  great  state 
of  which  it  is  a  part.  The  writer  well  remembers  the 
wild,  grand  scene  that  greets  the  eye  of  the  traveler 
as  he  winds  his  way  down  the  side  of  Craig's  mountain 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


into  the  sheltered  town  of  Culdesac,  a  scene  wonderful 
in  its  combination  of  beauty  and  strength,  magnifi- 
cence and  sublimity.  And  there  are  many  such  scenes 
within  the  limits  of  Nez  Perces  county. 

Yet  the  county  differs  from  many  other  parts  of 
Idaho  in  that  very  little  of  its  surface  is  incapable  of 
cultivation.  Even  the  uplands  of  Nez  Perces  are  es- 
pecially suited  to  agriculture,  while  the  sheltered  val- 
leys of  river  and  creek  furnish  ideal  homes  for  the 
fruit  raiser  and  the  market  gardener.  The  result  is 
that  the  county,  though  relatively  small  in  area,  is  yet 
one  of  the  leaders  among  its  sister  counties  of  the  state 
in  population  and  wealth  production. 

The  Snake  and  Clearwater  rivers  unite  their  turbid 
and  crystal  waters  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the 
county.  The  valley  of  the  former  is  narrow  and  that 
of  the  latter  not  very  wide,  yet  in  the  Clearwater  basin 
and  on  its  bars  are  numerous  beautiful  and  well  kept 
orchards,  vineyards  and  gardens,  rendered  overwhelm- 
ingly productive  by  the  combined  efforts  of  nature  and 
art,  nature  in  furnishing  a  rich,  prolific  soil  and  art  in 
turning  the  waters  of  the  river  onto  the  land,  that  they 
may  do  their  part  in  furnishing  fruits  and  vegetables 
for' the  tables  of  man.  The  contour  of  the  river  bot- 
tom is  such  as  to  render  very  large  orchards  impos- 
sible, but  so  great  is  the  productiveness  of  the  land 
that  an  extensive  tract  to  any  one  grower  is  not  neces- 
sary. The  writer  remembers  having  read  years  ago 

I  of  a  man  who  testified  on  oath  in  a  court  of  justice 
that  his  net  profits  from  a  single  acre  for  a  single  year 
had  exceeded  seven  hundred  dollars.  And  indeed  the 

[  man  who  could  cultivate  and  irrigate  a  large  tract  in 
the  thorough  manner  in  which  these  orchards  appear 
to  be  cultivated  and  irrigated  to  one  who  in  springtime 
surveys  from  the  wayside  their  luxuriousness  and 

1  beauty,  would  need  the  assistance  of  a  large  number  of 
a  large  number  of  employees. 

Some  ten  miles  above  Lewiston,   the  Clearwater 

^  valley,  which  has  been  gradually  narrowing  as  you 
ascend  the  stream,  widens  again  to  the  southward, 

:  and  into  it  flow  the  sparkling  waters  of  Lapwai  creek. 

I  On  the  north  side  of  the  river,  the  elevated  plateau 

:•'  country  of  which  Genesse  is  the  principal  town  breaks 
abruptly  to  the  stream,  and  with  the  lofty  hills  to  the 
southward  form  a  striking  contrast  to  the  peaceful  and 
gently  beautiful  Lapwai  valley,  extending  away  to- 
ward the  base  of  Craig's  mountain,  whose  timbered 
summit  projected  against  the  sky  beyond,  forms  your 
southern  horizon.  The  ruggedness  of  the  bluffs,  the 
bold  contour  of  the  lofty  hills  and  uplands  deep  fur- 
rowed with  coules  and  ravines,  dotted  with  farm  build- 
ings, stacks  of  hay  and  bands  of  grazing  stock,  the 
swift  river,  the  turbulent,  restless  creek,  and  at  their 
confluence  the  little  village  of  Spalding,  all  unite  to 
form  a  picture  magnificent  and  fascinating,  especially 
when  summer's  warmth  has  touched  it  with  its  own 
rich,  beautiful  hues.  At  the  time  of  the  writer's  visit 
the  work  of  the  sunshine  had  not  yet  been  fully  accom- 
plished, but  it  had  already  begun  its  wondrous  resur- 
rection in  the  Clearwater  valley,  while  a  few  miles  dis- 
tant in  either  a  southerly  or  a  northerly  direction,  win- 
ter still  held  the  country  in  its  snowy  embrace. 


The  thoughts  of  the  beholder  of  retrospective 
habit  will  have  a  tendency  to  revert  back  to  the  time 
when,  sixty-seven  years  ago,  the  Rev.  H.  H.  Spalding 
began  planting  here  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lapwai  creek, 
the  vine  and  fig  tree  of  civilization,  the  fruits  of  which 
are  so  plainly  visible  on  every  hand.  He  will  not  won- 
der that  the  pioneer  missionary  chose  this  spot  as  the 
scene  of  his  labors,  for  the  place  has  a  charm  for  the 
red  man  as  for  the  white  and  from  time  immemorial 
this  had  been  one  of  the  favorite  abiding  places  of  the 
Nez  Perces.  The  missionary  has  made  the  spot  hal- 
lowed by  his  unselfish  efforts  for  the  good  of  the  red 
race. 

The  Lapwai  basin,  varying  in  width  from  a  quarter 
to  half  a  mile,  extends  in  a  southerly  direction  and 
about  four  miles  from  the  mouth,  the  stream  widens 
into  a  truly  magnificent  little  valley,  perhaps  two  miles 
long  by  a  mile  in  width,  elliptical  in  shape,  the  hills 
on  the  west  rising  from  the  level  of  the  plain  by  fnuch 
easier  grades  and  presenting  longer  and  more  gentle 
inclines  than  do  those  in  any  other  direction.  About 
the  center  of  this  depression  are  the  cluster  of  build- 
ings which  constitute  the  town  of  Lapwai,  while  at 
the  extreme  southwestern  end,  snug  up  against  the  base 
of  the  hills,  are  the  present  Indian  agency  and  school 
occupying  the  site  where  once  was  the  historic  Fort 
Lapwai.  On  the  railroad  are  the  grain  warehouses  of 
the  Vollmer-Clearwater  Company  and  the  Kettenbach 
Grain  Company,  giving  a  hint  of  the  principal  indus- 
try of  the  people. 

A  mile  above  Lapwai  the  Sweetwater,  a  creek 
larger  than  the  Lapwai  and  really  the  main  stream, 
empties  into  the  latter.  Here  has  been  established  a 
small  trading  point.  Three  miles  farther  up  the  valley 
Mission  creek  enters  the  Lapwai.  This  stream  takes 
its  name  from  the  Catholic  mission  school  at  Slickpoo, 
established,  it  is  said,  in  the  early  'sixties  by  Father 
Cataldo  and  still  maintained. 

At  Culdesac,  the  terminal  town  of  the  Northern 
Pacific's  Lapwai  branch,  the  traveler  journeying  south- 
ward soon  begins  his  ascent  of  Craig's  mountain.  This 
is  not  really  a  mountain  but  a  high  plateau,  many 
miles  long  and  in  places  many  miles  wide  on -top, 
comparatively  level  when  you  once  get  up  there.  It 
was  fomerly  the  sheep  man's  paradise,  being  elevated 
sufficiently  to  furnish  excellent  summer  range,  but  the 
advance  of  civilization  has  injured  it  for  this  industry 
somewhat.  The  leading  pursuit  of  its  enterprising  in- 
habitants at  present  is  lumbering,  and  the  traveler  over 
the  mountain  will  notice  a  saw-mill  at  least  every  few 
miles.  However,  on  each  side  of  the  mountain  are 
quite  extensive  glades  or  prairie  arms  extending  into 
the  timber,  and  these  are  closely  settled  by  energetic 
farming  communities.  Not  a  few  also  are  establishing 
homes  for  themselves  where  the  timber  once  stood. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  mountain  will  be  all 
settled  up  as  soon  as  the  timber  is  removed,  but  so  ex- 
tensive are  the  forests  and  so  dense  in  places  that  it 
will  take  a  long  time  to  fell  them  and  convert  their 
timber  into  boards.  There  are  several  towns  and  post- 
offices  on  the  mountain  for  the  convenience  of  and  sup- 
ported by  the  lumbermen  or  agriculturists  or  both. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Most  of  the  maps  show  Craig's  mountain  as  occupying 
comparatively  small  space  and  situated  just  north  of 
the  great  bend  of  the  Salmon  and  between  that  r' 
and  the  Snake,  but  in  reality  it  is  an  extensive  plateau, 
bearing  upon  its  sides  or  broad  top  several  widely  sep- 
arated towns,  principal  among  them  Forest,  Morrow, 
Westlake,  Keuterville  and  Winchester.  Near  the  top 
of  this  mountain  and  west  of  the  reservation  line  is 
Waha  lake,  twenty-one  or  twenty-two  miles  southeast 
from  Lewiston.  It  is  described  as  a  beautiful  little 
sheet,  elliptical  in  shape  and  a  half  mile  long,  sur- 
rounded on  all  sides  by  a  pine  forest.  The  old  stage 
road  passes  around  its  eastern  margin.  It  has  long 
been  and  still  is  a  favorite  summer  resort.  At  one 
time  an  attempt  was  made  to  stock  it  with  fish,  but  the 
plan  did  not  prove  a  success.  There  is  a  well  appointed 
hotel  on  its  banks,  the  Lake  House,  kept  by  Mr. 
Faunce,  who  also  has  an  abundance  of  row  and  sail 
boats  and  such  other  equipments  as  will  augment  the 

it  from  Lewiston  you  take  the  old  stage  road  which 
passes  through  Tammany  hollow,  Lewiston  prairie 
and  Waha  prairie,  all  rich  farming  and  stock  raising 
sections,  though  the  last  named  is  more  elevated  and 
consequently  colder  than  the  other  valleys.  The  soil 
of  these  prairie  sections  is  very  productive  and  har- 
vests usually  bountiful.  Many  of  the  farmers  have 
excellent  orchards.  In  Tammany  hallow,  on  the  old 
Dowd  ranch,  artesian  water  has  been  struck  in  several 
places,  and  many  attempts  will  be  made  to  find  it  else- 
where in  the  valley,  that  orchards  and  gardens  may  be 
irrigated. 

But  it  is  to  the  country  to  the  eastward  of  that  just 
described  that  we  must  look  for  the  finest  and  most 
extensive  agricultural  region  of  Nez  Perces.  Extend- 
ing practically  the  entire  length  of  the  county  is  the 
beautiful,  rolling  Nez  Perces  prairie,  justly  celebrated 
for  its  rich,  black  soil  and  its  wonderful  capacity  for 
producing  wheat,  flax  and  other  cereals.  Until  1895 
this  prairie  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Indians  and  its 
productive  power  was  consequently  undeveloped. 
Then,  however,  it  was  thrown  open  to  settlement,  by 
act  of  congress,  which  provided  that  homesteaders 
should  be  required  not  only  to  use  their  rights  on  the 
land  but  pay  for  it  as  well.  Fortunately  the  provision 
that  the  land  must  be  purchased  was  later  repealed, 
but  it  is  also  fortunate  that  the  proviso  was  there  at 
first,  as  it  resulted  in  keeping  out  of  the  country  all 
but  thrifty,  energetic  people  who  meant  business. 

It  happened  that  two  years  before  the  opening  of 
the  reserve,  an  unusually  wet  harvest  season  caused 
many  of  the  farmers  of  the  Palouse  country,  in  Wash- 
ington, almost  all  of  them  indeed,  to  lose  their  crops. 
Much  of  the  destroyed  grain  had  already  been  har- 
vested and  some  of  it  was  threshed  and  lying  in  sacks 
in  the  field.  The  farmer,  therefore,  was  obligated  to 
pay  harvesting  and  sometimes  threshing  bills,  whereas 
the  grain  to  which  he  must  look  for  reimbursement 
was  worthless.  The  next  year  the  price  of  wheat 
dropped  to  fifteen  cents  a  bushel.  The  result  of  the 
two  bad  years  in  succession  was  that  not  a  few  of  these 
ranchmen  were  rendered  homeless.  The  opening  of 


the  reservation  in  1895  gave  them  the  opportunity  they 
were  seeking  of  starting  again  in  life,  so  securing  a 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  apiece  they  began  anew  the 
struggle  for  a  home  and  competency.  They  have 
brought  to  the  cultivation  of  the  rich  virgin  soil  of  Nez 
Perces  prairie  the  experience  gained  on  their  Palouse 
farms  and,  avoiding  the  errors  which  caused  them  to 
fail  in  the  past,  they  have  made  for  themselves  happy 
and  comfortable  homes.  No  better  illustration  can  be 
found  of  what  an  industrious,  thrifty  and  skillful  peo- 
ple can  accomplish  when  they  have  to  start  with  a 
goodly  portion  of  rich,  fertile  soil  and  enjoy  favorable 
conditions  otherwise. 

In  a  recent  interview  in  a  Spokane  paper,  James 
Marker,  of  Nezperce  City,  said : 

"Nez  Perces  prairie,  Idaho,  is  in  a  most  flourishing 
condition,  and  the  farmers  of  that  district  are  rapidly 
gaining  wealth.  The  flax  and  hog  industries  are  the 
mainstays  of  the  district,  although  cattle  raising  is 
carried  on  extensively.  The  farmers'  tramway  that 
extends  from  the  prairie  to  the  railroad  has  five  and  a 
half  months'  work  ahead  in  bringing  down  the  fla: 
for  shipment.  The  yield  in  flax  varies  from  nine  to 
twenty-two  bushels  an  acre,  the  average  being  about 
sixteen.  I  know  of  one  man  who,  when  he  came  into 
the  country  about  six  years  ago,  had  nothing  except 
four  broken  down  cayuses,  but  who  last  fall  sold  fifteen 
thousand  bushels  of  flax  from  his  different  ranches, 
for  which  he  obtained  ninety-eight  cents  a  bushel. 
When  I  first  arrived  in  the  country  I  had  only  suf- 
ficient money  to  build  a  house  costing  four  hundred 
and  seventy-five  dollars.  I  now  have  a  standing  offer 
of  six  thousand  dollars  for  the  farm. 

"Most  of  our  shipments  are  made  from  Kamiah,. 
on  the  Clearwater  Short  Line,  about  sixty  miles  from 
Lewiston,  Idaho.  Nezperce  City  is  twelve  miles  frc 
the  railroad.  On  one  day  last  fall  there  were  nine  car- 
loads of  hogs  shipped  from  the  station,  while  the  total 
shipments  in  this  line  for  the  past  three  months  have 
been  thirty  car  loads. 

"I  have  just  disposed  of  four  car  loads  on  the 
Sound.  T  here  were  three  hundred  and  sixty-two  head, 
weighing  eighty-two  thousand  pounds,  for  which  I 
received  six  dollars  and  sixty  cents  per  hundred 
pounds." 

Before  discussing  the  productive  capacity  of  Nez.  1 
Perces  county  as  a  whole,  it  is  well  to  give  some  sta- 
tistics regarding  its  size,  population,  etc.  In  super- 
ficial area  the  county  is  one  of  the  smallest  in  the 
state,  onlv  two  being  smaller,  namely,  Latah  and  Bear 
Lake.  These  have  1,100  and  1,080  square  miles  re-  j 
spectively,  while  Nez  Perces  has  1,610.  Though  rel- 
latively  so  small,  the  last  mentioned  is,  however,  the 
most  populous  county  of  Idaho,  being  credited  by  the 
latest  census  with  13,748  persons,  while  Latah,  its  near- 
est competitor,  has  13,451.  It  is  claimed  that  Nez 
Perces  leads  in  the  number  of  farms,  having  2,144, 
containing  400,510  acres,  while  Latah,  the  next  in  rank, 
has  only  1,821  farms  containing  353,700  acres.  In  the 
production  of  flax,  Nez  Perces  county  far  outranks  all 
others,  yielding  91  per  cent,  of  that  arised  in  the  entire 
state. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


133 


Official  statistics  of  productions  for  the  year  1902 
are  not  available,  but  those  furnished  the  Spokesman 
Review  by  its  Lewiston  correspondent  at  the  close  of 
that  year  are  doubtless  close  enough  approximations  to 
furnish  a  clear  idea  of  the  producing  power  of  the 
county.  They  divide  the  wheat  shipments  among  the 
different  stations  as  follows:  Lewiston,  175,000 
bushels;  Waha  and  points  on  the  river,  45,ooo;-Lap- 
wai,  150,000;  Agatha,  75,000;  Peck,  125,000;  Greer, 
40,000;  Kamiah,  125,000;  Stites,  50,000;  Culdesac, 
450,000;  Sweetwater,  225,000;  Basalt,  59,000;  Lenore, 
225,000;  Orofino,  35,000;  Nez  Perces  tramway,  550,- 
ooo;  Kooskia,  75,000.  Idaho  county  is  credited  with 
the  shipments  from  Kooskia  and  Stites,  125,000  bush- 
els in  all.  Of  the  2,404,000  bushels  shipped  from  the 
stations  named  approximately  650,000  bushels  were 
flax,  which  sold  at  average  price  of  $i  a  bushel ;  while 
1,500,000  bushels  were  wheat,  vauled  at  60  cents  a 
bushel,  the  remainder  being  oats  and  barley  of  the 
estimated  value  of  $11,250.  The  same  authority 
places  the  corn  crop  of  the  county  at  10,000  bushels, 
worth  $5,000.  "Of  beans,  there  were  raised  250,000 
pounds,  which  found  ready  sale  at  3  cents  a  pound, 
or  $7,500.  Sales  of  hay  by  the  farmers  were  about 
10,000  tons,  of  the  average"  value  of  $8  a  ton  or  $80,- 
ooo.  This  would  indicate  a  total  value  of  $1,653,250 
for  the  grain  and  hay  crop  of  the  county." 

From  the  railroad  and  commission  men  it  was 
learned  that  the  shipments  of  vegetables  aggregated 
ten  thousand  packages,  of  the  value  of  $15,000  ap- 
proximately. Of  the  live  stock  industry  it  was  not 
possible  to  obtain  as  accurate  and  definite  data, 'the 
shipments  of  cattle,  hogs,  sheep  and  horses  not  being 
separated  either  as  to  variety  or  the  county  from  which 
they  came,  but  it  was  thought  that  the  value  of  the 
stock  experts  from  Idaho  and  Nez  Perces  counties 
would  not  vary  much  from  $1,000,000,  half  of  which 
might  be  credited  justly  to  the  latter  county.  Poul- 
try and  dairy  products  for  the  year  were  of  the  esti- 
mated value  of  $10,000. 

"It    is    estimated,"    continues    the    correspondent, 

"that  the  wool  crop  of  the  county  slightly  exceeds 

1,500,000  pounds,  which,  at  an  average  selling  price 

[  of  ii  cents  a  pound,  adds  $165,000  to  the  total  of  the 

present  year  values. 

"The  industry,  not  so  much  of  the  present  as  of 
the  immediate  future  in  this  county,  is  lumbering. 
There  are  now  eighteen  sawmills  in  the  county,  having 
an  average  capacity  of  25,000  feet  each,  a  day.  It 
it  estimated  that  these  mills  cut  an  aggregate  of  2,- 
000,000  feet,  which  has  nearly  all  been  sold  to  people 
within  this  county  and  which  had  an  average  value  of 
§9  a  thousand  and  an  aggregate  value  of  $324,000." 

The  receipts  from  fruit  shipments  are  placed  at 
$80,000.  Recapitulating  we  have  the  value  of  differ- 
ent products  as  follows:  grain  and  hay,  $1,653,250; 
vegetables,  $15,000;  fruit,  $80,000;  live  stock,  $500,- 
ooo ;  wool,  $165,000;  dairy  products,  $10000-  lum- 
ber $324,000;  total,  $2,747,250. 

Naturally  one  studying  the  development  and  pro- 
ductive power  of  a  county  is  impelled  to  inquire 
what  are  some  of  its  still  undeveloped  resources  that 


he  may  correctly  estimate  the  possibilities  of  its  fu- 
ture. Though  Nez  Perces  county  is  one  of  the  oldest 
settled  in  the  state,  it  has  many  resources  undeveloped. 
One  of  these  is  fruit  raising!  Should  the  time  ever 
come  when  the  county  will  be  called  upon  to  support  a 
population  many  times  more  numerous  than  it  now 
has,  this  industry  will  become  one  of  the  mainstays  of 
the  people,  and  as  the  arid  lands  of  the  section  are  re- 
deemed by  irrigation,  the  acreage  devoted  to  fruit  will 
be  greatly  increased.  The  advantages  possessed  by 
Nez  Perces  county  as  a  fruit  section  were  thus  com- 
prehensively set  forth,  some  years  ago,  in  the  Lewis- 
ton  Teller : 


The  conditions  which  the  experiences  of  all  countries 
has  shown  to  be  Ae  most  favorable  for  the  perfect  develop- 
ment and  ripening  of  fruits  are  :  freedom  from  extremes 
of  low  temperature  and  early  and  late  frosts  ;  necessity  of 

atmosphere  with  a  low  percentage  of  humidity.  These  con- 
ditions exist  in  the  Snake  and  Clearwater  valleys  in  a  degree 
equalled  in  no  portion  of  the  United  States,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  interior  valleys  of  California.  A  careful 
examination  of  the  records  of  the  signal  office  will  show 
that  during  the  growing  season,  from  April  to  November, 
observa 


mber 


taken 
of  s 


,  , 

at  Lewiston  will  compare  favorably  with 
n  the  favored  valleys  of  California,  with  the 
nshiny  days  in  Lew' 


. 

These    favoring    climatic    conditions    find  their    fitting 

complement    in    the    peculiar    adoption    of    our  soil    to    the 

perfect    development    of    fruit    bearing   tree    or  vine.      This 

to  heavy,  clayey,  black  loam  on  the  table  lands,  all  contains 
in  a  high  degree  the  very  elements  that  have  to  be  supplied 
artificially  in  other  countries,  viz:  the  salts  of  soda  and 
potash.  'These  are  the  results  of  thousands  of  years  of 
disintegration  of  the  basalt  formation  underlying  the  whole 
country  and  form  such  a  large  component  part  of  the  soil 
•—•••••  for  fruit  growing  need  not  be  a  consider- 


i  for  years 


While    fru 
acreage  and  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the  business  are 

A  few  orchards  were  planted  near  Lewiston  during  the  early 
days  in  the  settlement  of  the  country,  some  thirty  years  ago, 

at   bearing   age   that   the   supply   was   more   than   the   small 

duction    over    consumption,     with    no    transportation 
ch  distant  markets,  prevented  the  planting  of 


s   undergon 


a   gre 


t   change   du 


ing  the   last   few 


building  of  the  railroad,  about  to  be  finished,  gives  assurance 
nf  a  possibility  of  supplying  the  demand.  That  this  changed 
ndition  is  appreciated  by  our  land  owners  is  evidenced  by 


the   fac 
a  fe 


extent  surpassing  these  in  bear 


ig  appl     ... 

_.   ,..-h  quantities   and   of  such   high   quality  a 
visitors  when  they  first  behold  them,  these  valleys  are  emi- 
nently fitted  for  growing  the  tender  fruits,  such  as  peaches, 

middle  states,  which  have  become  justly  celebrated  for  their 
ability   to  produce  these  crops. 

to  its  best   development,   is   the   grape,   nor   is   its   cultivation 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


feffi  fia?rS£  ts,  s^wtf  r  &s?c,vs 

ever  been  believed  to  be  restricted  to  California.  As  grown 
here  this  grape  not  only  rivals  the  California  product  but  in 
quality  is  even  pronounced  by  connoisseurs  as  excelling  it, 
and  this  has  again  been  demonstrated  by  the  verdict  of  the 
jury  experts  at  the  Portland  Mechanics.  Fair  last  fall  (1890), 
who  pronounced  Clearwater  valley  grapes  as  of  higher  quality 
than  the  same  variety  grown  in  California,  both  being 
exhibited  side  by  side.  As  yet  only  a  limited  number  of 
varieties  of  the  grapes  have  been  planted  extensively,  and 
their  success  has  induced  the  planting,  in  an  experimental 
way,  of  nearly  the  whole  list  of  the  finer  grapes  grown  in 
California  and  the  chances  are  that  some  of  them  will  show 
still  better  results  in  this  climate. 

The   unexcelled   combination   of   conditions   favorable   to 
fruit  tree  growth   is,  however,   proven   in  the   most   forcible 

originating  here,  there  being  a  number  of  apple  and  pear 
seedlings  growing  now,  bearing  better  fruit  than  many  of 
the  well  known  older  varieties.  The  most  remarkable  case 
in  point  is  the  "Idaho  Pear"  originating  on  the  outskirts 
of  Lewiston  from  seed  sown  by  Mrs.  Mulkey  some  twenty 

f   the    fruit    have    been    sent 
the  United   States.     They  pro 

ntirely  distinct  and  new  variety,  worthy  of  a  place 
among  the  very  best  pears  for  size  and  quality  and  ranking 
the  best  ever  known  for  vigor  and  hardiness.  A  few  gentle- 
men, engaged-  in  fruit  growing  here,  organized  the  Idaho 

ducing  this  valuable  new  variety  and  by  their  efforts  have 
succeeded  in  making  it  widely  known  all  over  the  world  and 
creating  a  demand  for  these  trees  grown  here,  not  only  from 
all  parts  of  the  Union,  but  from  Europe  and  Australia  as 
well.  It  is  stated  that  this  is  the  most  valuable  new  fruit 

variety  of  the  same  quality,  it  will  greatly  enlarge  the  terri- 
tory where  pear  growing  may  be  successfully  engaged  in. 
The  introduction  of  this  pear  has,  more  than  all  other  causes 
combined,  called  the  attention  of  the  horticultural  world  to 
the  resources  of  our  climate  and  the  gentlemen  of  the  Idaho 

prise. 


This 


The  territory  in  Nez  Perce  county  which  can  grow  fruit 
successfully  is  now  limited  to  the  valleys  of  the  great  rivers 
but  embraces  the  arable  land  of  nearly  the  whole  county; 
and,  while  the  higher  altitudes  may  not  grow  the  tender 
fruits,  they  rival,  if  they  do  not  surpass,  the  valleys  in  the 
production  of  the  hard'ier  kinds  and  especially  the  apple. 

thTprairie  ]°™ds  on' the  pJg^Potlatch  to'the  east  of  Lewwtan 

and  Waha.  to  the  south  both  at  an  increased  altitude  of  some 
1,300  feet,  possesses  fine  flavor  combined  with  keeping 
qualities  which  are  not  attained  in  the  hotter  atmosphere  of 
the  valleys. 

Lewiston,   which,   owing   to   the   high   altitude,   can   but   raise 

still  further  north ;  and  the  prosperous  states  of  Montana  and 
Dakota  in  the  east,  all  non-producers  of  fruit  and  easy  of 
access  by  rail  to  all  those  points ;  there  is  not  another  fruit 
raising  country  in  existence  possessing  such  an  unlimited 

White  Brothers,  wholesale  fruit  shippers,  estimate 
the  value  of  Nez  Perces'  exported  product  at  $43,000 
for  1902,  and  certainly  not  over  half  the  crop  was 
shipped  out  through  channels  that  preserve  records, 
the  remainder  being  either  consumed  at  home  or  taken 


in  wagons  to  a  market.  In  variety  and  quantity  the 
shipments  were  as  follows;  pears,  2,000  boxes; 
peaches,  9,000  boxes ;  apples,  10,000  boxes ;  strawber- 
ries, i.ooo  crates;  grapes,  4.000  crates;  black  ber- 
ries, 2,000  crates  ;  raspberries,  1,000  crates. 

As  to  the  number  of  head  of  cattle  now  in  the 
county,  the  assessor's  roll  furnished  the  best  basis, 
perhaps,  of  estimate.  It  should  give  the  exact  num- 
ber at  the  time  it  was  fnade  but  unfortunately  for 
human  weakness  it  falls  far  below  the  actual.  How- 
ever, the  numbers  of  the  different  varieties  upon 
which  taxes  were  paid  are  as  follows :  cattle,  common, 
3,351  head;  cattle,  beef,  156;  cows,  milch,  2,964; 
horses,  graded,  1,256;  horses,  stock,  1,256;  colts,  590; 
mules,  40;  sheep,  25,251;  swine,  9,019.  The  valua- 
tion of  all  these  animals  aggregated  $449,098.  From 
the  above  figures  it  will  be  seen  that  stock  raising 
is  an  important  industry  of  the  county  yet,  notwith- 
standing it  is  more  thickly  populated  than  most  other 
parts  of  the  state  and  devotes  much  attention  to  the 
various  forms  of  extensive  and  intensive  agriculture. 

In  estimating  the  future  possibilities  of  Nez  Per- 
ces county  due  weight  should  be  given  to  the  fact 
that  it  is  located  so  as  to  enjoy  a  central  position 
in  that  wonderful  area  known  as  the  Lewiston  or 
Clearwater  country,  embracing  an  extent  of  perhaps 
15,000,000  acres,  and  including  the  northeastern  cor- 
ner of  Oregon,  Asotin  county,  Washington ;  Nez  Per- 
ces, Latah  and  Idaho  counties  and  a  part  of  Sho- 
shone  county,  Idaho.  This  vast  region  is  drained  by 
the  Snake,  Clearwater  and  Salmon  rivers,  with  their 
tributaries.  Should  the  Columbia  be  opened  to  the 
sea,  as  it  some  day  will,  this  great  empire  must  be- 

and  the  importance  of  the  little  county  so  near  its 
center  and  holding  a  key  position  to  so  much  of  it 


of  augmentation.  From  the  nature  of  the  case  much 
of  the  wealth  of  this  tributary  country  must  go  to 
assist  in  the  upbuilding  of  Nez  Perces  county's  indus- 
tries and  the  increase  of  its  wealth. 

The  people  whose  lot  is  cast  in  this  happily  favored 
section  are  fully  aware  of  the  opportunities  which  are 
theirs,  and  manifest  a  deep  interest  in  every  move- 
ment which  has  for  its  object  the  development  of  any 
of  their  country's  resources  or  those  of  neighboring 
sections.  They  are  not,  however,  so  wrapped  up  in 
industrial  pursuits  as  to  neglect  the  civilities  and  re- 
finements of  life.  The  education,  of  the  young  receives 
due  attention.  Public  schools  have  been  established 
all  over  the  county,  even  on  the  reservation  so  recently 
settled,  and  diligence  is  given  to  the  improvement 
of  the  system.  The  county  sends  its  share  of  students 
to  the  state  normal  school  in  its  own  county  seat, 
to  the  state  university  at  Moscow,  just  outside  its 
own  borders,  and  to  other  schools  of  higher  learning 
and  technical  instruction  east  and  west.  Churches, 
fraternal  organizations,  and  institutions  for  the  bet- 
terment of  mankind  are  widespread  in  their  distribu- 
tion, and  everything  which  is  at  once  the  outcome  and 
the  promoter  of  refinement  and  intelligence  finds  here 
a  welcome  and  a  home.  With  a  wealth  of  resources 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


135 


developed  and  a  still  greater  wealth  undeveloped 
within  the  county  and  in  tributary  territory,  and  a 
climate  mild  at  all  seasons,  with  a  bright,  intelligent 
class  of  people  ambitious  for  the  blessings  of  wealth 


and  the  promotion  of  culture,  Nez  Perces  county  cer- 
tainly takes  rank  among  the  most  favored  sections  of 
the  northwest  and  those  with  the  brightest,  most  hope- 
ful outlook. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

NEZ  PERCES  COUNTY 


JOHN  P.  VOLLMER  was  born  in  Wurtemberg, 
Germany,  on  January  25,  1847.  Still  he  is  an  Ameri- 
can citizen,  since  his  father,  Otto  P.  Vollmer,  Jr.,  was 
a  naturalized  American  citizen  at  the  time  of  the  son's 
birth.  His  father  was  a  chemist  of  note  and  a  man 
of  fine  literary  attainments,  having  added  to  the  know- 
ledge gained  by  study  and  diversified  reading,  that 
of  extensive  travel  and  close  observation.  The  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  Otto  Phillip  Vollmer,  was  a 
surgeon  of  high  standing  and  extensive  practice  in 
Baden,  Germany.  Being  in  sympathy  with  the  revolu- 
tionary element  of  that  realm  in  the  middle  of  the 
last  century,  in  consequence  whereof  he  had  to  pay 
the  penalty"  of  the  independent  stand  he  took,  by  ac- 
cepting voluntary  exile,  and  came  to  America  in  1849 
accompanied  by  Hon.  Carl  Schurz,  and  other  men  of 
national  reputation  in  Germany.  The  family  followed 
the  elder  Vollmer  in  a  very  short  period,  but  the 
father  of  our  subject  returned  to  Germany,  after 
becoming  a  naturalized  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
and  was  then  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Fix,  his  fiancee,  a  native  of  the  old  home  place,  Wurt- 
temberg.  In  1851,  the  father  and  mother  set  sail  for 
America,  bringing  their  young  son.  They  settled  in 
Indianapolis  and  there,  in  a  private  German  school, 
young  Vollmer  received  his  elementary  education. 
It  was  in  1861,  that  he  entered  the  Northwestern 
Christian  College  of  Indianapolis,  where  he  received 
a  thorough  English  education.  About  this  time,  Mr. 
Vollmer  associated  himself  with  the  firm  of  Merrill 
&  Company,  now  Bowen,  Merrill  &  Company,  a  large 
book  concern  of  Indianapolis,  where  he  remained  for 
several  years.  He  also  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
ink  and  was  for  a  time  connected  with  his  father  in 
business,  in  all  of  which  places  he  made  money  and 
saved  it.  In  his  early  teens,  he  enlisted  to  fight  for  the 
Union  and  he  assisted  to  repel  the  rebel  raider  Mor- 
gan and  his  riders.  In  1863,  the  mother  died  at  the 
home  in  Indianapolis,  leaving  the  youth  at  the  age 
of  sixteen  without  that  sweetest  of  all  earthly  love, 
a  mother's.  It  was  a  sad  blow,  but  he  stood  bravely 
beneath  it  and  continued  his  business.  His  business 
success,  his  graduation  with  high  honors  from  the 


university,  where  he  had  made  many  warm  friends, 
buoyed  up  his  native  courage,  and  desiring  to  try  his 
fortunes  in  the  undeveloped  far  west,  where  merit 
and  ability  win,  he  accordingly  came,  via  New  York 
and  the  isthmus,  to  the  Pacific  and  in  1868,  we  find 
him  in  Walla  Walla  with  a  few  thousand  dollars  in 
his  pockets,  saved  from  his  own  earnings,  and  a  let- 
ter of  recommendation  from  General  Harrison,  after- 
wards President  of  the  United  States.  He  was  soon 
engaged  with  a  company  manufacturing  high  wines. 
His  former  thorough  education  and  consequent  know- 
ledge of  the  new  modes  of  distilling  made  him  in- 
valuable to  the  house  and  he  was  soon  installed  man- 
ager of  the  concern,  although  he  was  but  twenty  years 
of  age.  He  continued  in  this  until  1870,  then  left  for 
Lewiston.  Here  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Wallace 
Scott  in  the  wholesale  liquor  and  grocery  business. 
Later  he  abandoned  the  liquor  business,  on  account  of 
conscientious  scruples,  although  it  had  been  profitable. 
Mr.  Vollmer  began  private  operations  outside  of  the 
firm  with  a  capital  he  had  reserved.  From  the  outset  he 
was  remarkably  successful  as  he  has  since  been  in  all 
of  his  large  and  varied  business  relations.  Doubt- 
les  no  man  of  the  Inland  Empire  has  ever  had  more 
diversified  interests  and  more  varied  experience  in 
business  lines  with  an  equal  number  of  successes  at 
the  end  of  each  new  venture.  Many  superficial 
observers  attribute  it  to  "luck."  But  business  men  of 
experience  know  that  it  is  due  to  consummate  breadth 

coupled  with  practical  knowledge  and  a  will  that 
brooks  no  defeat. 

To  the  original  business  established  by  John  P. 
Vollmer  and  Company  at  Lewiston,  have  been  added 
branch  houses  at  Grangeville,  Mt.  Idaho,  and  Genesee, 
in  Idaho,  and  Uniontown  and  Asotin  in  Washington. 
The  Vollmer  Clearwater  Company,  a  creation  of  our 
subject,  operates  at  eighteen  different  points,  named 
as  follows:  Lewiston,  Sweetwater,  Bosalt,  Lenore, 
Weippe,  Stuart,  Lapwai,  Culdesac,  Agatha,  Peck,  Ka- 
miah,  Stites,  Genesee,  Kendrick,  Clyde,  Spar,  Nez- 
perce  and  Asotin. 

Among   the   earlier   business   movements   of   Mr. 


138 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Vollmer,  was  the  organization  by  him  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Lewiston,  the  first  house  of  its  kind 
in  northern  Idaho.  The  National  Bank  of  Genesee 
and  the  bank  at  Grangeville,  followed  in  regular  order. 
Mr.  Vollmer  pays  taxes  on  over  fifty  sections  of  agri- 
cultural land,  wliich  requires  about  three  hundred  miles 
of  fence  to  divide  it  into  quarter  sections.  He  is 
president  of  and  owns  the  controlling  interest  in  the 
Lewiston  Water  and  Light  Company.  He  is  also  presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  trustees  for  the  State  Normal 
School. 

Mr.  Vollmer  has  also  been  interested  in  and  identi- 
fied with  several  transportation  companies.  He  was 
connected  with  the  Walla  Walla  &  Columbia  River 
R.  R.  Company  and  in  1877,  was  made  agent  for 
the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company.  He  then 
acted  for  Henry  Villard  in  the  deal  by  which  the 
last  named  company  was  absorbed  by  the  O.  R.  &  N. 
Co.,  which  latter  company  Mr.  Vollmer  represented 
until  1883,  when  he  became  financially  interested  in 
the  Northern  Pacific  and  was  one  of  the  leading  pro- 
moters of  that  line  which  is  now  extended  to  Lewiston. 
Since  that  time,  he  has  been  the  representative  of 
that  line  for  the  state  of  Idaho. 

In  addition  to  all  the  above  named  enterprises, 
with  which  Mr.  Vollmer  has  been  connected  for  the 
improvement  and  betterment  of  the  country,  he  was 
also  the  one  to  construct  the  first  telegraph  line  in 
northern  Idaho,  in  1874.  Four  years  later,  he  es- 
tablished the  first  Bell  telephone  exchange  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  He  was  also  prominent  in  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Sweetwater  Irrigation  &  Canal  Company, 
with  which  he  is  still  connected. 

It  is  interesting  to  further  note,  as  testimony  to 
Mr.  Vollrner's  high  standing  in  financial  circles,  that 
in  "American  Successful  Men,"  of  New  York  city, 
which  contains  a  history  of  the  most  prominent  citi- 
zens of  America,  he  is  given  a  prominent  place,  be- 
ing the  only  banker  mentioned  in  Idaho.  Such  is  the 
brief  outline  of  the  financial  history  of  this  in  no 
wise  common  or  ordinary  career. 


In  political  matters,  Mr.  Vol 
lican,  but  has  never  been  an 


lican,  but  has  never  been  an  aspirant  for  office,  pre- 
ferring to  promote  the  political  interests  of  his  friends. 
In  fact,  he  has  repeatedly  declined  preferment  at  the 
hands  of  his  friends  even  when  the  tempting  offer 
of  the  highest  political  office  in  the  state  was  the 
reward  of  his  acceptance. 

In  his  home  life  Mr.  Vollmer  has  been  as  greatly 
blessed  as  he  has  in  his  masterful  business  career.  His 
well  appointed  home  is  a  model  of  family  felicity  and 
home  attachments.  This  is  largely  due,  as  are  many  of 
the  pleasant  phases  of  his  life,  to  the  wisdom  and 
painstaking  care  of  Mrs.  Vollmer,  who  has  the  happy 
faculty  of  making  a  home  in  the  true  sense  of  the 
word. 

Mrs.  Sallie  E.  Vollmer,  nee  Barber,  a  native  of 
the  state  of  Kentucky,  is  a  true  southern  lady  and  a 
granddaughter  of  Judge  Duvall.  They  were  united 
in  marriage  at  Walla  Walla,  September  27,  1870,  and 
to  them  have  been  born  seven  children,  five  of  whom 
are  still  living,  namely;  Ralston,  now  in  charge  of 


the  bank  at  Genesee;  Bessie,  who  was  married  Sep- 
tember 4,  1901,  to  Arthur  E.  Clarke  of  the  New  York 
Life  Insurance  Company,  and  now  residing  in  New 
York;  Genevieve,  who  "is  attending  school;  Norman 
and  Norma,  twins,  at  school  in  Lewiston. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  Mr.  Vollmer  is  one 
of  the  very  busiest  of  men,  he  is  of  a  pronounced 
literary  turn,  as  is  also  his  wife;  and  their  home  is 
supplied  with  a  first-class  library  and  all  the  leading 
magazines  and  periodicals  of  the  day,  which  they  find 
time  to  read  and  enjoy.  He  is  a  thirty-second  de- 
gree Mason. 

Mr.  Vollmer  is  an  enterprising,  public  spirited 
citizen,  and  takes  great  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the 
county  and  state  and  especially  in  the  advancement  of 
the  community  where  he  lives.  He  is  at  the  front  and 
promoting  all  enterprises  that  are  for  the  general  bene- 
fit. His  career  is  marked  by  display  of  energy  and 
profound  ability  and  insight  into  matters  that  hav 
to  do  with  the  business  and  social  world.  He  i 
known  as  a  stanch  friend  and  has  as  few  enemies 
probably,  as  any  man  living,  of  his  active,  agressiv 
temperament  and  extensive  business  interests. 


GARRET  H.  FERRALL,  M.  D.  Among  the 
leading  citizens  of  Nez  Perces  county  the  name  of  Dr. 
Ferrall  is  surely  to  be  placed.  In  business  ventures, 
he  has  been  signally  successful.  As  a  professional 
man,  he  has  manifested  skill  and  talent  that  have 
given  him  the  reward  due  to  the  true  and  eminent 
physician.  As  to  his  personal  qualifications,  Dr.  Fer- 
rall is  a  loyal  friend,  an  affable  and  genial  man,  a  true 
and  faithful  member  of  society  and  a  patriotic  and 
influential  citizen. 

G.  H.  Ferrall  was  born  in  Columbiana  county, 
Ohio,  on  November  u,  1844,  being  the  son  of  Elihu 
and  Mary  A.  (Hart)  Ferrall.  The  father  was  born  in 
Ohio,  in  1814,  was  a  pioneer  of  Columbiana  county 
and  also  in  Hinsdale  county,  Michigan,  and  is  now  liv- 
ing in  Michigan.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1814,  and  is  still  living  in  Michigan.  Her  father  was 
a  pioneer  of  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  and  was  a  sol- 
dier of  the  war  of  1812.  Our  subject  remained  at 
home  until  nineteen  years  of  age,  gaining  his  educa- 
tion from  the  schools  of  his  place.  Then  he  \\ 
stirred  by  the  spirit  of  patriotism  and  enlisted  in  Coi 
pany  G.'  Fourteenth  Michigan,  under  General  Sher- 
man. He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Goldsborough, 
Lookout  Mountain,  Chattanooga,  Atlanta  and  many 
other  engagements.  He  transported  seventeen  hun- 
dred troops  from  New  York  to  Morehead,  South  Caro- 
lina, and  then  rejoined  his  command  under  Sherman 
and  was  in  the  famous  march  to  the  sea.  When  the 
time  came  to  lay  down  the  arms  of  warfare,  Mr.  Fer- 
rall returned  to  his  home  and  went  to  the  study  of 
mjedicine  in  Cleveland,  and  in  1870  he  graduated  with 
distinction.  Then  he  repaired  to  Fayette,  Ohio,  and 
there  practiced  for  five  years.  Then  a  move  was  made; 
to  Ransom,  Michigan,  where  he  practiced  for  seven 
years.  He  followed  his  profession  in  Ithica,  Michi- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


139 


gan,  for  several  years.  Then  he  came  to  Coeur 
d'Alene,  Idaho,  and  practiced  there  and  handled  a  ranch 
for  ten  years.  Between  the  oversight  of  the  farm 
property  and  his  profession  the  Doctor  was  a  very 
busy  man  and  reaped  the  reward  of  his  industry  in 
that  he  gained  a  good  financial  success.  Then  he 
went  to  Walla  Walla  and  engaged  in  the  manufactur- 
ing business  for  a  couple  of  years;  in  1898  he  took 
up  the  place  where  he  now  lives,  two  miles  north 
from  Winchester.  He  has  a  fine  body  of  land  and 
some  excellent  timber.  The  Doctor  is  one  of  the  in- 
fluential men  of  the  county,  is  on  its  school  board,  has 
promoted  the  telephone  system  from  Culdesac  to  Nez- 
perce  City,  also  the  mail  line  from  Culdesac  to  Dublin. 
He  is  justice  of  the  peace  and  is  looked  up  to  by  all  as 
especially  deserving. 

On  February  12,  1873,  in  Fayette,  Ohio,  Dr.  Fer- 
rall  married  Miss  Orcelia,  daughter  of  Truman  L.  and 
Harriett  (Van  Branken)  Scofield,  natives  of  New 
York.  The  father  was  born  in  1821  and  died  in  1900. 
The  mother  was  born  in  1820  and  died  in  1875.  Mrs. 
Ferrell  was  born  in  Williams  county,  Ohio,  in  1845. 
Her  parents  were  pioneers  of  that  county  and  Fulton 
county,  Ohio.  She  has  one  brother  and  one  sister, 
Edwin  and  Ellen  Sails.  Dr.  Ferrall  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  Barzillai  F.,  Elizabeth, 
Oliver  P.,  Jennie  E.,  John  W.,  James  E.,  Taylor  S. 
and  Lucy  I.  To  Dr.  Ferrall  and  his  wife  there  have 
been  born  three  children,  Harriett  E.,  wife  of  Charles 
:  R.  Howard,  a  telegraph  operator  for  the  Western 
[  Union;  Ellen  M.,  wife  of  Homer  King,  in  Coeur 
d'Alene  ;  Lee  E.,  in  the  fire  department  in  Spokane.  Dr. 
Ferrall  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  his 
wife  affiliates  with  the  Presbyterian  church.  Dr.  Fer- 
rall is  a  stanch  Republican  and  active  in  this  realm. 
Mrs.  Ferrall  was  married  first  to  Morris  J.  Dodd.  who 
lived  but  fifteen  months  after  his  marriage.  One  son, 
|  Fred  N.,  was  born  to  this  union.  He  is  passenger  con- 
ductor on  the  Spokane  and  Northern  Railroad,  which 
runs  from  Spokane  to  Rossland.  Dr.  Ferrall  is  a 
warm  advocate  of  good  schools  and  is  doing  much  for 
the  cause  of  education  in  his  community. 


SAMUEL  PATTERSON.  It  is  fitting  that  es- 
pecial mention  should  be  granted  to  this  estimable 
gentleman,  for  he  is  one  of  the  industrious  workers 
who  are  building  up  the  county  and  he  is  doing  his 
share  in  a  commendable  manner.  His  family  home 
is  about  two  miles  northeast  from  Slickpoo,  where  he 
owns  a  quarter  section,  which  is  devoted  to  all  the 
various  grains  indigenous  to  this  latitude.  He  has  an 
orchard  and  also  raises  stock  to  consume  his  farm 
produce.  He  is  an  energetic  man  and  operates  a 
threshing  machine  in  addition  to  the  other  employ- 
ments of  his  land.  Mr.  Patterson  is  well  liked  and  is 
an  influential  and  respected  member  of  the  community. 

Taking  an  account  of  the  details  of  his  earlier  life, 
we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Oregon, 
on  January  I,  1860,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Sarah 
A.  (Stout)  Patterson.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born 
in  Pennsylvania  and  died  in  1867.  He  came  to  Cali- 


fornia in  1847  an<3  was  an  early  pioneer  of  Oregon, 
taking  a  donation  claim  there.  The  mother  died  in 
1865.  Being  thus  left  an  orphan  at  a  tender  age,  our 
subject  was  taken  into  the  family  of  F.  M.  Thompson, 
where  he  received  good  treatment  and  remained  until 
fourteen  years  old.  He  then  went  to  work  for  him- 
self and  at  twenty  he  went  to  farming  in  Wasco 
county.  He  took  a  pre-emption  there  and  tilled  it  for 
twelve  years.  In  1890  he  sold  that  property  and  re- 
moved to  Latah  county  and  farmed  for  six  years. 
Then  a  move  was  made  to  the  reservation  and  he 
took  his  present  claim.  Since  that  date  he  has  be- 
stowed his  labors  here  continuously.  He  is  being  pros- 
pered and  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  his  section. 
On  July  4,  1880,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Henri- 
etta, daughter  of  George  W.  and  Martha  A.  (Threld- 
keld)  Wayne.  The  father  is  a  farmer  and  lives  on  the 
reservation.  He  was  born  in  1837  and  the  mother 
was  born  in  Missouri,  and  died  in  1862.  Mrs.  Pat- 
terson is  an  only  child  and  was  born  in  Galloway 
county,  Missouri,  in  1862.  Mr.  Patterson  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister,  Elizabeth  Down,  in  Silverton, 
Oregon;  Richard,  also  in  Oregon.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Patterson  there  have  been  born  eight  children,  named 
as  follows:  George  W.,  Martha  A.,  John,  Ernest, 
Frank,  Charles,  Daniel  B.  and  Minnie  L.  Mr.  Patter- 
son is  not  bound  by  partisan  ties  in  political  matters 
but  votes  for  the  man.  He  is  a  warm  advocate  of  good 
schools  and  labors  for  their  establishment.  He  is  edu- 
cating his  children  in  the  state  normal  at  Lewiston. 

PHILLIP  S.  SMITH.  This  pioneer  and  sub- 
stantial stockman  and  farmer  of  Nez  Perces  county  is 
deserving  of  mention  in  this  history  since  he  has 
labored  here  for  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of 
the  county  and  has  done  a  good  work  in  development 
since  residing  here.  He  was  born  in  Cedar  county, 
Iowa,  on  February  17,  1838,  being  the  son  of  George 
S.  and  Clarissa  (Stockton)  Smith.  The  father  was 
a  carpenter  and  millwright,  born  in  Tennessee,  in  1802. 
He  went  to  California  in  1849  ar>d  died  there  in  1852. 
He  was  a  captain  of  the  militia  in  Iowa.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Indiana  in  1812.  Her  father,  William 
Stockton,  was  a  pioneer  of  that  country  and  an  Indian 
trader,  and  she  was  raised  among  the  Delaware  In- 
dians until  she  was  ten.  Our  subject  came  to  Oregon 
with  his  mother  in  18=13,  settling  in  Linn  county.  She 
died  the  next  year,  leaving  him  an  orphan.  He  went 
then  to  California  and  mined  in  Siskiyou  county  for 
three  years.  Next  we  see  him  in  Oregon  learning  the 
saddler's  trade  in  Santiam,  Marion  county.  Four 
years  later,  he  came  to  Washington  and  thence  to 
Idaho.  In  1862,  he  was  in  Pierce  City  mining  and  in 
Florence,  Warren  and  other  camps  he  delved  for  the 
treasures  of  earth  for  a  time  and  then  went  to  pack- 
ing. In  1867  he  secured  a  pack  outfit  for  himself 

jacent  camps  until  1871.  Then  he  sold  the  outfit  and 
operated  land,  since  which  time  he  has  largely  de- 
voted himself  to  agriculture  and  stock  raising.  In 
1896  he  took  up  a  claim  on  the  Xez  Forces  reservation. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


He  was  in  the  country  during  the  Indian  war  in  1877'. 
In  1864  a  band  of  renegade  Indians  went  on  the  war- 
path and  he  was  one  of  a  company  of  citizens  that 
formed  to  resist  them.  They  were  received  as  United 
States  soldiers  and  served  until  the  savages  were  re- 
pelled. He  carried  the  mail  from  Lapwai  to  Magnolia 
for  two  years  and  from  Lapwai  to  Slickpoo  for  three 
years,  up  to  July,  1902. 

In  1872  Mr.  Smith  married  Susan,  a  Nez  Perces 
woman,  who  was  raised  by  Mrs.  Craig,  being  a  niece 
of  that  lady.  To  this  marriage  there  have  been  born 
four  children,  William,  in  this  county;  an  infant,  de- 
ceased; Jackson,  deceased;  Lydia,  wife  of  Paul  Cor- 
bett,  living  in  Kamiah.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Democrat  but 
not  partisan.  He  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows : 
Mary  A.  Wood,  Samuel,  Nancy  Crank  and  Rebecca 
Barton. 


STEPHEN  JACQUES.  From  the  sunny  land  of 
France  comes  the  enterprising  and  capable  gentleman 
whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph,  and  what  was 
the  misfortune  of  that  land  is  the  good  fortune  of  this, 
for  Mr.  Jacques  has  been  a  first-class  citizen  of  the 
United  States  for  a  number  of  years  and  has  wrought 
for  the  advancement  of  Nez  Perces  county  in  various 
ways  for  a  long  time.  His  native  spot  is  La  Ca- 
nourgue,  near  Bordeaux,  in  southern  France,  and  the 
date  of  his  birth,  January  i,  1854.  His  parents  were 
Stephen  and  Rose  (Vieillevigne)  Jacques.  The 
father  was  born  near  La  Canourgue  in  1825  and  died 
in  1885  there.  The  mother  was  born  in  the  same 
vicinity  and  died  in  1897.  Our  subject  worked  with  his 
father,  who  was  a  wealthy  man  of  his  section,  and 
there  gained  his  education,  finishing  the  same-  by  a 
course  in  college.  After  the  days  of  schooling  were 
over,  he  went  to  farming  for  himself  and  did  well. 
He  had  a  fine  piece  of  land  and  could  have  sold  it  for  a 
large  amount  as  it  was  well  set  to  choice  vines,  but 
later  an  insect  destroyed  the  vines,  and  Mr.  Jacques 
became  discouraged.  'He  then  determined  to  try  his 
fortune  in  the  United  States  and  accordingly  came 
hither,  landing  in  New  York,  having  left  his  family  in 
France.  He  labored  for  a  time  and  then  came  to  Lew- 
iston,  where  he  worked  for  Louis  Delsol.  He  went 
to  Spokane  in  1889,  the  year  after  the  fire.  He  started 
a  restaurant  and  did  well.  Four  years  were  spent 
there  and  then  Mr.  Jacques  came  back  to  Lewiston, 
going  thence  to  Camas  prairie,  near  Grangeville.  Re- 
turning to  Lewiston,  he  remained  there  a  few  years 
to  educate  his  children,  and  then  came  to  Lapwai  and 
started  a  general  merchandise  establishment.  For 
three  years  he  did  well  and  then,  the  reservation  open- 
ing, he  located  the  land  where  he  now  lives,  six  miles 
east  from  South  Lapwai.  He  moved  his  store  to  the 
land,  erected  all  needed  buildings  and  has  continued 
in  the  mercantile  business  since  that  time.  He  handles 
stock  in  addition  to  the  store  and  also  does  a  general 
farming  business.  Mrs.  Jacques  made  a  visit  to  France 
and  visited  the  native  places. 

On  May  28,  1880,  in  France,  Mr.  Jacques  married 
Miss  Flavie,  daughter  of  Francois  Jarrousse.  She 


was  born  in  1858.  To  them  have  been  born  the  fol- 
lowing children :  Noeme,  wife  of  Harry  Walruth,  in 
Pierce  City;  Maria,  Emile,  Eugene,  at  home.  Mr. 
Jacques  has  four  sisters  in  France  and  one  brother  in 
South  Africa.  He  and  his  family  are  adherents  of 
the  Catholic  church. 


WILLIAM  A.  CALDWELL  is  one  of  the  prom- 
inent men  among  the  old  pioneers  of  this  country.  He 
has  been  essentially  a  pioneer  in  many  lines,  having 
done  all  the  arduous  duties  that  fall  to  the  lot  of  that 
worthy  class  and  also  has  opened  up  many  lines  of 
industry  in  this  section,  and  is  to  be  credited  with  ex- 
cellent ability  and  perseverance  and  keen  foresight  in 
these  lines. 

William  A.  Caldwell  was  born  in  Tompkins 
county,  New  York,  on  December  10,  1832,  being  the 
son  of  Gabrial  and  Maria  (Anderson)  Caldwell.  The 
father  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Orange  county,  New 
York,  and  died  in  1891.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war 
of  1812  and  held  the  rank  of  lieutenant.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Orange  county,  New  York,  and  died 
several  years  since.  William  was  educated  and  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  was  ready  to  start  in  life  for  himself. 
He  shipped  to  Panama  and  assisted  to  survey  the 
Panama  railroad.  Seven  months  later  he  returned  to 
New  York  and  then  came  to  Minnesota,  entering  the 
employ  of  a  packet  company.  He  went  to  St.  Paul, 
where  his  brother  was  sheriff  of  the  county,  and  there 
he  remained  for  five  years.  He  built  a  saw-mill  and 
did  well  in  the  venture.  Later  he  sold  and  engaged  as 
wagon  master  for  Colonel  Noble  to  make  a  wagon  road 
on  the  big  bend  of  the  Missouri.  They  made  a  trip  to 
the  Pacific  coast  country  and  visited  Walla  Walla,  the 
Fraser  river  country,  and  the  next  spring  after  gold 
was  discovered  Mr.'  Caldwell  went  to  Oro  Fino.  He 
mined  at  Oro  Fino,  Florence,  Warren,  Pierce  City 
and  all  the  camps  of  that  section  and  also  at  Boise 
basin  and  then  he  returned  to  Lewiston.  He  took  a 
government  wood  contract  and  then  operated  a  pack 
train  to  Pierce  City.  He  then  bought  the  Cul  De  Sac 
stage  station,  now  known  as  the  Caldwell  stage  station, 
and  erected  a  six-thousand  dollar  hotel,  where  he  did 
business  for  twenty  years.  He  was  the  first  man  to 
try  wheat  in  the  vicinity  north  of  Lewiston.  People 
laughed  at  him  when  he  broke  the  first  one  hundred 
acres,  but  his  wheat  did  well,  and  thus  he  opened  a 
great  source  of  wealth  for  the  country.  In  1883  Mr. 
Caldwell  built  a  palatial  home  in  Lewiston  and  later 
he  acquired  title  to  the  Colonel  Craig  donation  claim 
and  also  to  the  other  half  of  the  section,  but  he  was 
obliged  to  carry  it  to  the  courts  of  last  resort.  Mr. 
Caldwell,  in  addition  to  his  other  activities,  has  al- 
ways been  a  large  operator  in  stock.  He  handled 
about  ten  thousand  stock  sheep  and  vast  herds  of  cattle 
and  horses. 

On  July  5,  1871,  in  Lewiston,  Mr.  Caldwell  mar- 
ried Miss  Maria,  daughter  of  Michael  and  Elizabeth 
(O'Neil)  Reddy,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  came 
to  Canada  when  a  large  boy  and  the  mother  came 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


141 


when  young.  Mrs.  Caldwell  was  born  in  Ontario,  in 
1849,  and  remained  there  until  twenty  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  world  famous  schools  of  that  province. 
Then  she  came  with  her  parents  to  California  and 
later  to  Idaho,  where  they  died.  She  has  two  brothers 
and  five  sisters,  Richard,  Catherine  Worden,  Elizabeth 
White,  Margaret  Vennigerholz,  Sarah  Elliott,  Jennie 
Parker  and  Owen.  Mr.  Caldwell  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  Thomas,  James,  Isabelle, 
Nancy,  all  deceased,  and  Helen,  Julia  Mallory  and  Fan- 
ny Thorp.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Caldwell  there  have  been 
born  four  children,  William  A.,  in  Montana ;  Solomon 
S.,  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Frederick  G.  and  Moses,  at 
home.  Mr.  Caldwell  is"  a  member  of  the  Masonic  or- 
der. He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  active,  as  also 
are  his  boys.  He  owns  a  section  of  land  where  he  now 
lives,  four  miles  southeast  from  Lapwai,  and  raises 
wheat,  barley,  corn  and  handles  stock  to  consume  the 
products  of  the  farm.  Mr.  Caldwell  is  a  strong  ad- 
vocate of  fine  schools  and  is  a  supporter  of  the 
churches. 


Mr.  Schiklman  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Politically, 
he  is  a  Republican  and  active  in  good  government, 
but  will  never  have  his  name  placed  for  office,  as  he 
is  occupied  with  business.  Mr.  Schildman  is  a  firm 
believer  in  broad  education  and  thus  is  sure  that  the 
icral  morals  of  the  people  will  be  bettered,  and  he 


abors  fo 


schools. 


WILLIE  E.  KERN.  This  enterprising  farmer  re- 
sides twenty-one  miles  southeast  from  Lewiston  and 
is  one  of  trie  substantial  stockmen  and  farmers  of  his 
section,  having  a  nice  place  well  improved  and  pro- 
ductive of  good  returns  annually.  \Y.  E.  Kern  was 
born  in  Richardson  county,  Nebraska,  in  1866,  being 
the  son  of  William  C.  and  Roda  R.  (Cox)  Kern.  The 
father  is  a  stockman  and  farmer,  born  in  Indiana  in 


lepla 


HENRY  H.  SCHILDMAN.  There  are  few  men 
in  the  entire  state,  if  any,  who  have  won  as  brilliant  a 
success  in  the  business  world  by  reason  of  meritorious 
work  and  real  ability  as  has  the  subject  of  this  brief 
article.  He  is  at  the  present  time  one  of  the  proprietors 

;  of  the  large  mercantile  establishments  in  Lapwai, 
Kamiah,  Nezperce  and  Forest;  operated  by  Lester  Cof- 

i  fin  &  Schildman.  They  have  an  extensive  trade  at  all 
these  establishments.  He  has  put  his  whole  life  and 
spirit  into  the  mercantile  world  and  being  admirably 
fitted  with  natural  talent,  he  has  made  a  success  that 
would  be  a  crowning  effort  to  a  full  life  in  this  im- 
portant line  and  is  still  numbered  with  the  young  men 
of  the  county. 

We  will  note  the  details  of  his  career,  as  they  will 

•:  be  interesting  in  the  history  of  the  county  where  he 
has  wrought  with  such  excellent  wisdom.  Henry  H. 
was  born  in  Warsaw,  Illinois,  on  November  20,  1871, 
being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Josephine  Schildman. 
The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Ohio,  in  1838,  and 
now  lives  in  Warsaw.  The  mother  was  born  in  War- 
saw, her  parents  having  come  as  early  pioneers  to 
that  country.  They  both  died  when  she  was  an  infant 
and  she  was  reared  by  her  grandparents,  who  were 
pioneers  of  Illinois.  Our  subject  worked  at  home,  at- 
tended school  in  Warsaw,  and  later  attended  college 
two  years.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until  the 
time  of  his  majority.  In  1895  he  longed  for  the  west 
and  accordingly  came  to  Spokane.  Six  months  were 
spent  there,  after  which  he  repaired  to  Lewiston,  ac- 
cepting a  position  in  the  mercantile  establishment  of 
Coffin  Brothers,  leading  merchants  of  Lewiston.  Dur- 
ing his  stay  with  them,  which  was  two  years,  they 
had  opened  a  store  at  Lapwai  when  the  reservation 
was  thrown  open  for  settlement.  Mr.  Schildman  was 
installed  as  manager  and  soon  his  real  worth  and 
ability  led  the  proprietors  to  take  him  as  a  partner. 
He  has  picked  up  the  Nez  Perces  language  and  does 
a  large  business  with  the  Indians. 


in  1845,  !852,  and  in  1866,  and  mined  in  California. 
He  was  county  treasurer  of  Umatilla  county,  at  Pendle- 
ton,  for  eight  years  and  was  sheriff  in  Iowa  for  two 
terms.  The  mother  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1827,  came 
west  in  1878  and  is  still  living.  Willie  E.  was  reared 
in  Nebraska  until  thirteen  years  old  and  then  came 
west  with  his  parents  in  1878,  completing  his  educa- 
tion in  Pendleton.  At  fifteen  he  started  for  himself 
and  worked  three  years  in  Umatilla  county  at  black- 
smithing.  Then  he  went  to  the  sound  and  labored  in 
the  timber.  Four  years  later  he  went  to  Butte,  Mon- 
tana, and  opened  a  restaurant,  where  he  did  well  for 
two  and  one-half  years.  He  also  spent  some  time  in 
the  Big  Bend  country  in  Washington  in  the  stock 
business  and  in  1899  he  came  to  his  present  place. 
January  was  the  month  and  he  has  labored  since  with 
excellent  success,  being  now  one  of  the  prosperous 
men  of  the  county.  He  owns  a  half  section,  well  im- 
proved. 

On  April  18,  1900,  Mr.  Kern  married  Miss  Nancy, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Richardson,  of  the  Willamette  valley, 
Oregon.  He  was  a  leading  man  of  Eugene,  and  had 
a  fine  farm  and  property  there.  He  and  his  wife  are 
both  deceased.  Mrs.  Kern  has  four  brothers  and 
three  sisters,  named  below:  Minerva.  Paris,  Sarah, 
Laura,  Mitchell,  Clinton  and  James.  Mr.  Kern  is  an 
active  Republican  and  is  much  interested  in  good 
schools.  His  father  was  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war. 
Mr.  Kern  is  a  man  of  good  qualities  and  sound  prin- 
ciples and  stands  well  in  the  community  and  deserves 
the  confidence  and  esteem  that  he  generously  receives 
from  his  acquaintances. 


FRANK  BRONCHO.  Seven  mik-  northeast  of 
Lapwai  is  the  fine  home  of  the  subject  of  this  article. 
He  has  an  elegant  residence  costing  three  thousand 
dollars  and  an  estate  of  five  hundred  and  twenty  acres. 
This  is  well  improved  with  buildings  and  orchard, 
and  is  handled  skillfully. 

Frank  Broncho  was  born  in  Fort    Hall,    Utah,    in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


i860,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Angeline  Broncho. 
The  father  was  born  in  Canada,  of  French  extraction, 
and  died  in  1885.  The  mother  was  of  the  Nez  Perces, 
born  on  the  reservation.  The  father  was  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  at  Fort  Hall  for 
many  years.  He  met  Angeline,  who  had  been  edu- 
cated by  Dr.  Whitman,  in  Walla  Walla,  and  there 
he  married  her.  When  Frank  was  a  babe,  his  parents 
came  to  Walla  Walla  and  farmed,  and  there  our  sub- 
ject received  his  education.  When  he  was  seventeen, 
the  family  came  to  Asotin  county,  remaining  three 
years,  and  then  they  went  to  the  Nez  Perces  reserva- 
tion, where  they  farmed  and  raised  stock.  At  the 
time  of  the  Nez  Perces  war  the  father  moved  his  family 
to  the  fort  at  Lapwai  but  took  no  active  part  in  the  war. 
He  carried  the  mails  for  years  from  Walla  Walla  to 
the  fort.  He  was  an  old  trapper  and  scout  and  served 
the  United  States  in  the  latter  capacity  for  many  years. 
He  was  with  Captain  Stevens  when  he  made  the  treaty 
with  the  Umatilla  Indians.  Our  subject  remained  with 
his  parents  until  the  time  of  their  death  and  then  went 
to  farming  and  raising  stock  for  himself.  At  the  time 
of  the  allotment  of  land  on  the  reservation  he  received 
the  estate  where  he  now  lives.  He  formerly  owned 
land  in  Asotin  county  and  did  well  there  with  stock. 

In  1885  Mr.  Broncho  married  Miss  Marion,  daugh- 
ter of  Nobe  Henry,  of  American  and  Dutch  descent. 
He  is  a  farmer 'and  stockman  in  Garden  gulch 
on  the  reservation.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Broncho 
there  have  been  born  eight  children,  Edward,  An- 
geline, Bessie,  David,  James,  Anna,  Clara  and  Ben. 
Mr.  Broncho  has  three  brothers,  Thomas,  Antonio, 
Edward,  all  in  this  county.  Mr.  Broncho  has  been  a 

year.;.  He  was  a  body  guard  of  Agent  Monteith  dur- 
ing the  war.  He  is  a  "man  of  intelligence  and  integrity 
and  stands  well  with  all  who  know  him. 


JAMES  L.  BOUNDS.  About  one-half  mile  from 
North  Lapwai  is  the  elegant  home  of  the  subject  of 
this  article.  It  is  large  and  tasty  and  has  land  there 
which  is  handled  to  general  farming.  Mr.  Bounds  is 
one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  in  many  sections  of  the 
west  and  he  played  a  very  prominent  part  in  the  early 
times  when  gold  was  discovered  in  California.  He 
came  from  the  fields  there  and  through  his  report  there 
were  hundreds  of  men  who  resorted  thither. 

James  L.  was  born  in  Lafayette  county,  Missouri, 
on  February  12.  1830,  being  the  son  of  Obediah  and 
Nancy  (Lovelady)  Bounds.  The  father  was  a  farmer, 
born  in  Virginia  in  1789  and  died  in  1844.  He  was  a 
pioneer  to  Missouri  in  1818  and  settled  in  Lafayette 
county  in  1820.  He  participated  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war,  and  the  Osage  Indian  campaign.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  White  county,  Tennessee, 
and  died  in  1846.  James  received  his  education  in  his 
native  place  and  remained  with  his  mother  until  her 
death ;  then  spent  some  time  with  his  brother-in-law, 
but  not  agreeing  with  him,  he  ran  away  to  join  the 
army  in  the  Mexican  war.  He  went  to  Fort  Leaven- 


worth  but  changed  his  mind  and  came  to  Oregon 
City  instead.  He  drove  an  ox  team  all  the  way  and 
consumed  six  months  in  the  trip.  October  30,  1847, 
was  the  date  of  his  landing  there  and  as  times  were 
hard  he  labored  at  what  he  could  get  until  1848  and 
then  heard  of  the  gold  find  in  California.  With  two 
lads  who  had  accompanied  him  across  the  plains,  he 
went  thither  on  horseback,  being  the  first  party  that 
went  there  across  the  mountains.  They  were  at  Clear 
creek  in  Shasta  county,  above  Sacramento,  on  Ameri- 
can river,  and  later  at  Placerville.  He  there  met  Dr 
McBride,  the  grandfather  of  the  present  governor  ot 
Washington.  He  accompanied  the  Doctor  to  Ford's 
bar  on  the  middle  fork  of  the  American  river  and 
there  made  nine  hundred  dollars  the  first  month.  In 
the  fall  he  went  back  to  Oregon  in  company  with  O. 
C.  Pratt,  one  of  the  early  governors  of  Oregon.  In 
the  spring  of  1849,  with  a  large  company  who  were 
induced  by  his  reports  to  join  the  exodus,  he  returned 
to  California.  They  fought  the  Indians  and  soon  were 
in  the  mines  where  young  Bounds  made  fourteen  hun- 
dred dollars,  in  five  weeks.  He  bought  and  sold  horses 
and  did  well ;  later  he  went  to  Feather  river  and  bought 
claims  and  made  thirty-three  hundred  dollars.  Being 
taken  sick,  he  went  to  Sacramento  and  was  doctored. 
He  then  returned  to  Oregon  and  later  went  back  to 
California.  Again  we  find  him  in  Oregon  working  on 
his  donation  claim,  and  in  1857  he  went  again  to  Cali- 
fornia and  remained  seven  years.  In  1863  he  came  to 
Walla  Walla  and  went  into  stock  business.  He  re- 
turned to  California  in  1882  for  his  health  and  re- 
mained until  1890.  In  1895  he  came  to  Idaho  and 
here  he  has  been  since. 

On  December  8,  1853,  Mr.  Bounds  married  Miss 
Rachel,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Eliza  Linville,  and  a 
native  of  Lafayette  county,  Missouri.  She  crossed  the 
plains  in  1853.  Mr.  Bounds  has  one  sister  living. 
Amanda  Stark,  in  Missouri.  Mrs.  Bounds  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters:  Thomas,  W.  C.,  Hum- 
phrey, James  B.  and. Eliza  Hardesty.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bounds  there  have  been  born  seven  children,  as 
follows:  Nancy  King,  in  Nez  Perces  county;  Homer, 
at  Cape  Nome;  William,  in  Asotin,  Washington; 
Jennie  Sumpter;  Anna  Gilchrist,  in  California;  Bertha 
Adron,  in  Nez  Perces  county;  Sallie  Harrison,  in' 
Seattle.  Mr.  Bounds  was  deputy  sheriff  in  Siskiyou 
county,  California,  for  many  years.  He  is  a  Democrat 
in  politics  and  active  in  the  welfare  of  the  county. 


CLINTON  T.  STRANAHAN.  At  the  present 
time  Mr.  Stranahan  is  holding  the  responsible  position 
of  superintendent  of  Indian  schools  and  agent  of  the 
Nez  Perces,  with  headquarters  at  Spalding,  Idaho.  In 
1899  he  received  the  appointment  of  agent  at  the  hands 
of  President  McKinley,  and  in  April,  1902,  he  was  in- 
vested with  the  authority  of  superintendent  of  the 
schools,  as  those  two  offices  had  been  merged  under 
the  civil  service.  Mr.  Stranahan  has  been  a  very 
active  and  potent  factor  in  the  political  realm  of  the 
state  and  has  always  heartily  supported  the  Republican 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


143 


principles.  For  sixteen  years,  with  one  exception,  he 
has  been  regularly  chosen  to  represent  his  district  at 
the  state  convention  and  his  influence  has  always  been 
for  good  men  and  right  principles.  He  was  deputy 
assessor  of  Nez  Perces  county  under  L.  F.  Herbert, 
was  also  deputy  auditor  and  deputy  sheriff  and  in 
1889  he  was  appointed  deputy  United  States  marshal 
under  Joseph  Pinkham  and  served  through  the  trying 
times  of  the  strike  in  the  Coeur  d'  Alenes.  He  also 
was  deputy  assessor  in  Nez  Perces  county  for  one 
term.  In  all  this  long  service,  Mr.  Stranahan  has 
manifested  marked  efficiency  and  his  sterling  faithful- 
ness and  integrity  were  qualities  which  ever  com- 
mended him  to  the  hearty  esteem  of  his  fellows. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  a  part  of  his  career 
in  detail,  and  first  we  see  that  he  was  born  in  Contra 
Costa  county  California,  near  San  Francisco,  on 
March  17,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Ellen 
'  n.  The  father  was  born  in  Herki  — 


(Terry)  Stranahai 


and  died 


in  1873.     He 

:er  to  Califor- 


daughter of 
of  Iowa,  and 


nia  in  1852  and  held  a  prominent  place  in  the  state 
as  a  leading  miner.  The  mother  was  born  in  New 
York  and  still  lives  in  California.  Clinton  T.  was  edu- 
cated in  Oakland  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age 
started  out  for  himself.  Idaho  was  the  objective  point 
of  his  travels  and  he  located  a  claim  on  American 
Ridge,  having  landed  in  Moscow  in  1878.  He  gave 
his  attention  to  farming  for  six  years  and  then  en- 
tered upon  the  public  service  as  mentioned  above. 
After  his  labors  in  the  marshal's  office  were  ended  he 
'  took  a  farm  adjoining  Lewiston,  on  the  Clearwater, 
and  demonstrated  that  excellent  fruit  can  be  raised 
here.  His  fruit  farm  of  forty  acres  is  doubtless  one 
of  the  very  best  in  the  northwest,  having  been  brought 
to  this  excellence  by  his  skill  and  careful  oversight. 
In  1884  Mr.  Stranahan  married  Miss  May  L., 
r  of  Samuel  L.  Bostwick,  deceased,  a  native 
pioneer  to  Montana,  settling  there  in 
.  Mrs.  Stranahan  was  born  in  Montana,  being 
the  'first  white  girl  born  in  Gallatin  valley,  now  Boze- 
man.  Mr.  Stranahan  has  three  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  Farrand  E.,  Willoughby  F.  and  Cady  R.  ;  Cora 
Hosom  and  Esther.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stranahan 
there  have  been  born  three  children,  Clyde,  Glenthora 
and  Everett.  Clyde  is  attending  the  high  school  in 
Lewiston.  Mr.  Stranahan  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of 
W.  Mrs.  Stranahan  is  a  communicant  of  the  Episco- 


THOMAS  D.  KING.  It  is  pleasant  to  see  this 
gentleman,  who  operated  in  the  vigorous  labors  of  the 
pioneer  in  many  places  on  this  coast,  now  enjoying  the 
land  that  he  helped  to  develop  with  his  sturdy  labors 
and  being  one  of  the  prominent  and  influential  citizens. 

Mr.  King  was  born  in  Logan  county,  Ohio,  in  Jan- 
uary, 1834,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  D.  and  Susan 
(Berry)  'King.  The  father  was  a  hatter,  born  in  Vir- 
ginia in  1779,  and  died  in  Burlington,  Iowa,  in  1872. 
He  was  a  pioneer  in  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Iowa.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 


1789  and  died  in  1857.  The  family  came  to  Indiana 
when  Thomas  D.  was  young  and  thence  they  removed 
to  Iowa,  where  he  was  educated  and  grew  to  nlanhood. 
Arriving  at  majority's  estate,  he  farmed  for  himself 
and  in  1857  he  went  via  Panama  to  California.  From 
San  Francisco,  he  went  direct  to  Marysville  and 
worked  for  his  brother-in-law,  Nelson  Westcott.  He  and 
his  brother  William  raised  a  crop  of  corn  as  an  experi- 
ment and  cleared  nearly  five  thousand  dollars  from  it. 
Some  years  later  they  bought  a  hotel  in  the  mountains 
on  Rabbit  creek  road  and  did  well  there.  In  1862  he 
sold  out  and  came  to  Idaho  and  joined  the  forces  at 
Florence  who  were  digging  for  gold.  Later  he  went 
to  Walla  Walla  and  farmed  for  a  year  and  then  went 
to  Oregon.  Returning  to  Boise,  he  took  mining  claims 
and  later  he  secured  the  contract  to  carry  the  mail 
from  Walla  Walla  to  Colville.  Later  he  took  another 
contract  from  Walla  Walla  to  Lewiston,  and  here  he 
did  a  general  express  and  passenger  traffic.  Seven 
years  were  spent  at  this  and  then  he. went  to  Califor- 
nia, settling  in  San  Luis  Obispo  county,  where  he 
went  into  the  stock  and  dairy  business.  Here  he  con- 
tinued unutl  1897,  then  sold  out  his  stock,  of  which  he 
had  a  considerable,  also  sold  his  land,  nine  hundred  and 
sixty  acres,  and  came  to  Idaho  and  settled  on  his  pres- 
ent place  on  the  reservation.  He  is  one  mile  east  from 
Lapwai  and  has  a  good  farm,  and  his  sons,  George  and 
Ira,  also  have  nice  farms  here. 

On  December  25,  1872,  Mr.  King  married  Miss 
Nancy,  daughter  of  James  L.  and  Rachel  (Linville) 
Bownds,  natives  of  Missouri.  Mrs.  King  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters :  Homer,  Willard, 
Jennie  Sumpter,  Anna  Gilchrist,  Birdie  Adron,'  Sallie 
Harrison,  and  the  following  who  are  deceased.  Eliza 
Hawcroft,  Martha  and  Ruth,  who  both  died  at  the 
same  time  with  diphtheria,  Abie,  Manda.  Mr.  King 
has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows,  William  B.,  Felix, 
Samuel,  John,  George,  Sallie,  Harriett,  Hannah,  Jane, 
Ruth,  Kate  Louise,  Julia  Carroll  and  Mattie  Morton, 
all  deceased  but  the  first  one  and  the  last  two.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  King  have  been  born  seven  children, 
James,  Minnie,  Thomas,  all  deceased,  George  W.,  Ira 
F.,  Kate,  deceased,  Rachel.  Mr.  King  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the 
Christian  church.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  King  is  a 
Republican  and  always  active  in  that  realm,  but  he  has 
many  times  refused  office  himself.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  school  board  in  California  for  twelve  years. 
Mrs.  King's  uncles  were  in  the  Civil  war.  Mr.  King 
is  expecting  to  handle  stock  on  his  farm  altogether  and 
will  increase  his  holdings  in  this  line. 


OLIVER  JOHNSON  is  one  of  the  industrious 
agriculturists  of  Nez  Perces  and  his  home  place  con- 
sists of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  good  soil, 
nine  miles  east  of  Lewiston.  He  does  a  general  farm- 
ing business  and  is  prosperous  and  progressive. 

Oliver  was  born  in  Dallas,  Polk  county,  Oregon, 
on  Julv  19.  1863,  being  the  son  of  Newton  C.  and 
Louise  A.  (Byerly)  Johnson.  The  father  was  a  farmer, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


born  in  Missouri  in  1839,  and  died  in  1901.  He  was  a 
pioneer^to  Oregon,  crossing  the  plains  with  teams  in 
1846  arid  the  train  had  a  number  of  battles  with  the 
Indians.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Iowa, 
on  January  29,  1844.  Oliver  remained  at  home  until 
of  age,  receiving  a  good  education  from  the  common 
schools.  In  1881  the  parents  removed  to  Walla  Walla, 
Washington.  Our  subject  remained  there  for  a  few 
years  and  then  returned  to  Oregon.  While  the  father 
was  near  Walla  Walla  the  Snake  Indians  broke  out 
and  caused  trouble  but  he  did  not  leave  his  farm. 
Oliver  farmed  in  Oregon  until  1894,  then  came  to 
Whitman  county,  Washington,  and  tilled  the  soil  for 
a  year  and  removed  to  the  Potlatch  country,  where  he 
farmed  for  one  year.  Then  he  came  to  the  vicinity 
of  Lewiston  and  when  the  reservation  opened  up  he 
took  his  present  place,  as  mentioned  above.  Mr.  John- 
son has  labored  faithfully  in  the  good  work  of  devel- 
oping the  country  and  has  so  conducted  himself  that 
he  has  won  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know 

On  October  28,  1886,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss 
Abbie,  daughter  of  Jack  and  Mary  (Duncan)  De 
Lashmutt.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  merchant,  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania  and  died  in  1883.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Missouri  and  died  in  1885.  Mrs.  Johnson 
was  born  in  Yamhill  county,  Oregon,  on  July  29,  1867. 
She  had  one  sister,  Jennie,  now  deceased.  She  has 
half  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows :  Isabelle,  Sarah, 
Van  Buren,  Butler,  Lindsay,  Fillmore,  Elsworth, 
Douglas,  Josephine,  Kate,  Jennie,  Mattie,  Reuben, 
James  and  Samuel.  Mr.  Johnson  has  one  sister,  Addie 
McDaniel.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  two  children 
have  been  born,  Jessie  M.  and  Erne.  Mr.  Johnson  is 
a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  In  political  matters,  he  is 
a  Democrat  but  never  aspires  for  office.  Mr.  Johnson 
takes  a  warm  interest  in  bettering  the  schools  and  does 
intelligent  labor  in  all  the  affairs  of  politics  and  local 
concern  His  uncle,  Abraham  Byerley,  was  in  the 
Indian  war. 


HON.  DENNIS  W.  C.  DUN  WELL  is  one  of  the 
venerable  and  highly  respected  citizens  of  the  county, 
is  one  of  the  prominent  men  and  is  also  numbered 
with  the  earliest  pioneers.  He  has  done  a  giant's  part 
in  developing  the  country,  and  while  the  wheel  of 
fortune  has  several  times  badly  turned  him  down, 
still  after  each  backset,  he  showed  the  ability,  the 
pluck,  and  the  energy  to  rise  and  overcome  the  very 
things  that  brought  disaster,  and  so  obtained  a  good 
success  out  of  his  defeat. 

He  was  born  in  Pleasant  Valley,  New  York,  on 
August  13,  1817,  being  the  son  of  George  and  Orailia 
(Conklin)  Dunwell.  The  father  was  a  tailor,  born 
in  Massachusetts,  in  1780,  and  died  in  1836.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1782  and  died  in 
1872.  The  parents  went  to  Connecticut  when  our 
subject  was  an  infant,  settling  in  Salisbury.  They 
remained  there  about  twenty  years.  Then  Dennis 
went  to  Michigan  and  sold  stock  and  later  taught 
school  in  New  York,  in  Pennsylvania,  and  in  Ohio. 


In  1850,  he  came  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  and  there 
did  contracting  and  building.  He  formed  a  com- 
pany, known  as  the  Dunwell,  Harthorn  &  Coul- 
ter Company,  which  dealt  in  grain  and  handled  stock 
and  did  exceedingly  well.  During  the  crash  of  1857, 
the  company  went  down,  Mr.  Dunwell  losing  as  much 
as  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Dun- 
well  then  came  to  Walla  Walla,  in  1862,  with  a  mule 
team  and  later  he  was  in  Boise  and  other  mining  towns. 
He  packed  from  Lewiston  to  Pierce  City  and  Florence. 
In  1867  he  bought  a  ranch  in  the  Sweetwater  coun- 
try. Through  dishonesty  of  his  partner,  he  was  again 
stripped  of  his  holdings,  and  his  exepriences  about 
this  time  were  exceedingly  discouraging.  His  family 
came  to  him  when  he  was  thus  depleted  in  finances. 
He  took  a  position  as  secretary  of  Agent  O'Neal,  at 
Lapwai,  then  was  elected  assessor  of  Shoshone  county 
in  1871  and  was  soon  on  his  feet  again.  He  then  bought 
a  farm  on  five  mile  prairie,  returned  to  Lewiston  to 
school  his  children,  held  the  mail  route  from  Lewiston 
to  Pierce  City  for  four  years  and  bought  the  old 
Greer  ferry.  In  1876-7,  he  was  the  representative  of 
Shoshone  county  in  the  territorial  legislature  at  Boise. 
In  the  spring  of  1877,  the  Indians  broke  out,  burned 
his  property,  including  the  ferry,  house  and  goods  and 
so  forth,  and  again,  Mr.  Dunwell  was  called  to  meet 
misfortune.  He  finally  gathered  the  remnants  of  what 
was  left,  sold  it,  and  later  bought  a  ranch  five  miles 
east  from  Lewiston,  which  is  still  known  as  the  Dun- 
well  ranch,  which  he  has  deeded  to  his  daughter. 
He  is  making  his  home  now  with  his  son-in-law,  . 
Walter  A.  Smith.  Mr.  Dunwell  was  also  in  the  Min- 
nesota legislature  and  was  sheriff  of  Ramsey  county. 
He  owned  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  where  the  fifth 
ward  of  St.  Paul  now  is.  Mr.  Dunwell  was  a  prom- 
inent man  in  St.  Paul  as  he  has  been  in  this  country 
and  he  has  always  manifested  worthy  ability  and  dis- 
cretion while  his  integrity  has  never  been  questioned. 
In  1853,  Mr.  Dunwell  married  Miss  Mary  B., 
daughter  of  Patrick  Brennan,  a  wealthy  man  of  De- 
troit, Michigan,  where  the  wedding  occurred.  Mrs. 
Dunwell  was  born  in  Canada,  on  May  12,  1831.  Mr. 
Dunwell  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Sarah  Shears,  in  Mas- 
sachusetts. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dunwell  have  two  children, 
Dan,  in  Oro  Fino;  Mary  W.  Smith,  at  Lewiston. 
Our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  Masons  and  has  been 
for  fifty-two  years.  He  is  the  oldest  member  of  the 
county  and  was  granted  an  honorary  membership  in 
the  St.  Paul  lodge  without  dues.  He"  is  also  the  oldest 
member  of  the  Pioneer  Association.  Mr.  Dunwell  has 
a  claim  pending  against  the  government  for  five  thou- 
sand dollars  for  damages  the  Indians  did  in  the  war  of 
1877.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  political  matters  and  has 
always  manifested  an  intelligent  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  government  as  well  as  in  business. 


CHARLES  L.  HAMILTON.  Not  only  is  the 
subject  of  this  article  well  known  as  a  thrifty  and 
up-to-date  farmer  and  orchardist  but  also  in  the  in- 
dustrial world,  he  has  gained  distinction,  being  a 


HON.  DENNIS  W.  C.  DUNWELL 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


pioneer  in  the  blacksmith  business  in  at  least  three 
different  locations  in  Latah  county,  and  he  is  withal, 
a  man  of  ability  and  substantiality,  and  possessed  of 
integrity  and  uprightness,  which  have  won  for  him  the 
esteem  of  his  fellows. 

Mr.  Hamilton  was  born  in  Macon  county,  Missouri, 
on  September  2,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  C. 
and  Sarah  A.  (Blackwell)  Hamilton,  the  father 
being  a  fruit  grower  and  blacksmith  of  his  section. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  Missouri,  and  also  learned 
from  his  father  the  art  of  blacksrnithing,  remaining 
there  until  he  had  arrived  at  the  age  of  twenty.  He 
then  came  west  to  Whitman  county,  Washington, 
crossing  the  plains  with  muie  teams.  He  took  a 
preemption  in  Whitman  county  and  for  nine  years 
was  numbered  with  the  leading  tillers  of  the  soil  there. 
It  was  in  1887  when  he  came  to  Latah  county,  and 
here  he  homesteaded  the  place  where  he  now  lives, 
three  miles  south  from  Kendrick.  He  has  an  eighty- 
acre  farm  embellished  with  comfortable  improvements, 
and  an  orchard  of  five  acres.  He  operated  a  black- 
smith shop  here  and  when  Leland  started,  he  opened 
a  shop  there  where  he  beat  the  anvil  to  the  time  of 
honest  industry  until  Kendrick  was  located,  when  he 
put  up  the  first  shop  there  as  he  had  been  first  in  both 
the  other  locations.  He  did  a  good  business  in  Kend- 
rick until  recently,  when  he  sold  the  entire  property 
and  devoted  himself  entirely  to  his  farming  and  fruit 
growing  interests.  Mr.  Hamilton  is  affiliated  with 
the  W.  of  Wr.  Lodge  No.  327,  being  council  com- 
mander, which  office  he  has  held  for  five  terms,  he 
also  belongs  to  the  circle,  No.  217.  He  is  a  director  in 
the  Methodist  church  at  Leland  and  at  the  present 
time  he  is  a  member  of  the  Democratic  county  central 
committee. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Hamilton  and  Miss  Addie, 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Catherine  A.  Van  Tine,  early 

fax,  Whitman  county,  Washington,  on  January  14, 
1879,  and  they  became  the  parents  of  eight  children, 
Leona,  wife  of  B.  P.  Parks ;  the  rest  all  being  at  home, 
Florence,  Ellen  Nora,  Jessie,  Dela,  Carver,  Ruth  and 
Hazel. 


BENJAMIN  E.  WILSON.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Barbour  county,  West  Virginia, 
on  July  18,  1853,  being  the  son  of  David  and  Amanda 
(Carte'r)  Wilson,  natives  of  West  Virginia  and  Vir- 
ginia, respectively.  The  father  was  born  in  Barbour 
county  in  1822,  and  his  father  was  born  there  also. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  1821  and  died 
in  1886.  In  1866  the  family  removed  to  Clay  county, 
Indiana,  where  the  father  bought  land  and  farmed. 
Benjamin  here  grew  to  manhood  and  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools.  He  took  up  farming 
for  himself  at  the  age  of  twenty  and  when  he  was 
thirty-two  he  went  to  Adair  county,  Missouri,  and 
there  tilled  for  five  years.  It  was  in  1890  that  Mr. 
Wilson  determined  to  try  the  west  for  himself  and 
accordingly  migrated  to  Tekoa,  Washington,  and  there 
farmed  until  the  reservation  opened.  His  success  was 


excellent  and  when  the  reservation  was  ready  for 
settlers  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Lapwai  and  secured 
a  claim  which  he  sold  in  1901  and  bought  his  present 
place,  two  miles  west  and  two  south  from  Melrose, 
He  has  a  good  orchard  and  is  putting  out  more.  Mr. 
Wilson  has  a  nice  bunch  of  stock  and  is  breeding 
them  up  to  fine  specimens. 

While  in  Missouri,  in  1886,  Mr.  Wilson  married 
Miss  Dora  B.,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Martha 
(Heuitt)  Mustoe,  natives  of  Virginia.  They  were 
pioneers  in  Missouri.  Mrs.  Wilson  was  born  in 
Missouri,  in  1863  and  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister, 
William,  Albert 'and  Loretta  Page.  Mr.  Wilson  has- 
two  brothers  and  one  sister,  Robert,  James  B.,  Helkn 
Riley.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs- 
Wilson,  Ethel  and  Blanch,  both  at  home.  Mr.  Wilson 
is  a  Mason :  has  been  school  trustee  and  in  politics  is 
an  active  Democrat  of  the  Jeffersonian  type.  He  is 
a  man  of  good  qualities,  has  done  a  good  work  in 
this  county  and  elsewhere,  maintains  a  first  class  repu- 
tation, has  the  confidence  of  his  fellows  and  is  a  genial, 
pleasant  gentleman  of  intelligence  and  worth. 


JASON  M.  HARRINGTON.  Few,  if  any,  have 
done  more  for  the  industrial  advancement  of  the  county 
during  the  time  in  which  he  has  operated  here,  than 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Mr.  Harrington  is  a  mill- 
man,  owning  and  operating  a  fine  saw-mill  and  manu- 
facturing all  kinds  of  lumber  products.  He  is  a  man 
of  fine  ability  and  is  possessed  of  worth  and  integrity. 

J.  M.  Harrington  was  born  in  Lewis  county,  New 
York,  on  August  16,  1843,  being  the  son  of  Jeremiah 
and  Elizabeth  (Hulburt)  Harrington.  The  father  was 
a  lumberman,  born  in  New  York  in  1823  and  died 
in  1899.  His  father,  Capt.  John  T.  Harrington 
was  a  prominent  lawyer  and  lumberman  and  a  captain 
in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was  a  partner  in  a  law  office 
with  President  Van  Buren  and  married  Kate  Van 
Buren,  a  cousin  of  the  president.  He  lived  to  be  one 
hundred  and  one  years  of  age  and  died  in  1884.  He 
was  a  pioneer  in  the  Black  river  region  in  New  York 
and  there  did  an  extensive  lumber  business.  His  son, 
the  father  of  our  subject,  was  also  a  successful  operator 
there  and  a  prominent  lumberman  of  the  state.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Lewis  county, 
New  York.  Her  mother  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania 
and  her  father  of  Rhode  Island.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  came  with  his  parents  to  Wisconsin  when  he 
was  eleven  years  of  age  and  the  home  was  there  for 
twelve  years.  Then  they  removed  to  Scott  county, 
Minnesota,  where  the  father  continued  in  the  lumber 
business.  Jason  M.  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation and  when  the  war  broke  out,  he  enlisted  in  the 
quartermaster's  department  under  Captain  Haskell  and 
did  duty  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  at  Mem- 
phis, Little  Rock,  DuVall's  bluff  and  other  places, 
serving  faithfully  until  the  close  of  the  conflict  and 
then  went  home.  He  continued  in  business  in  Minne- 
sota until  the  timber  began  to  be  scarce  and  then,  in 
1891,  he  came  west,  looking  for  a  location.  Finding 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


the  surroundings  of  Lewiston  favorable,  he  secured 
a  site  and  removed  his  mammoth  establishment  there. 
He  did  a  fine  business,  but  in  1897,  the  fire  fiend  des- 
troyed his  entire  plant,  entailing  a  loss  of  twenty-two 
thousand  dollars  besides  ten  thousand  dollars  worth 
of  logs.  Phoenix-like,  however,  Mr.  Harrington 
would  not  brook  defeat  and  at  once  built  another 
mill.  This  plant  is  now  being  handled  by  his  sons 
and  they  do  a  good  business. 

On  August  5,  1868,  Mr.  Harrington  married  Miss 
Lavina,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Elizabeth  (Cava- 
nah)  Sykes,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  re- 
spectively. Mrs.  Harrington  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  •  George,  Mary,  David,  Lewis, 
Ezra,  Henry  and  Hattie.  Mr.  Harrington  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Vincent  K., 
Curtis,  Betty  A.,  Martha  Allen  and  John.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Harrington  have  been  born  children 
named  as  follows  :  Ellsworth  ;  Lafayette,  in  Lewiston  ; 
Jennie  Robnett,  county  superintendent;  Minnie, 
teacher  in  the  Lewiston  public  schools;  Jeremiah  and 
Nettie  Knight,  in  Lewiston ;  Nellie,  George,  Jason  M., 
Lewis  and  Gladys,  at  home.  Mr.  Harrington  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  has  always  refused 
all  nominations,  but  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  takes 
an  intelligent  part  in  political  matters  and  is  a  pro- 
gressive and  capable  citizen. 


WILLIAM  BUOYE  is  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  that  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county  where  he  now 
resides,  having  come  here  in  1878,  taking  a  home- 
stead four  miles  west  from  where  Leland  is  located 
to-day.  Mr.  Buoye  built  the  first  cabin  in  the  big 
Potlatch  prairie  and  was  the  second  one  taking  land 
north  of  the  Clearwater  and  east  from  the  Potlatch. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Dodge  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, near  Fox  lake,  on  March  7,  1848,  being  the  son 
of  Frank  and  Elizabeth  (Cardwell)  Buoye.  The 
father  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  in  that  vicinity 
and  was  occupied  in  tilling  the  soil.  It  was  1868  when 
the  family  came  to  Blue  Earth  county,  Minnesota, 
making  settlement  near  Garden  City.  There  the 
parents  died.  Our  subject  remained  until  1877,  in 
which  year  he  determined  to  try  his  fortunes  in  the 
•west,  and  so  came  to  Puget  Sound,  where  he  spent 
one  year  and  then  in  1878,  came  to  the  territory  now 
embraced  in  Nez  Perces  county.  He  devoted  him- 
self to  the  culture  of  his  homestead  and  it  has  been 
the  family  home  since,  with  the  exception  of  the  years 
from  1883  to  1888,  when  he  was  in  Lapwai  working 
for  the  government  as  a  carpenter.  He  now  has  one 
half  section  of  fine  farm  land  well  improved,  good 
buildings,  choice  orchard,  and  is  one  of  the  prominent 
men  of  his  section. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Buoye  and  Miss  Esther, 
daughter  of  James  and  Rose  (McDonald)  Davis,  was 
solemnized  in  Mankato,  Minnesota,  on  February  14, 
1883,  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren. William  M.,  eight  years  of  age,  and  Edna  D. 
and  Everd  D.,  twins.  Mrs.  Buoye  is  a  native  of  Dodge 


county,  Wisconsin,  when  she  was  taken  while  young 
by  her  parents  to  Blue  Earth  county,  Minnesota.  Her 
father  died  there,  but  her  mother  is  still  living.  Mr. 
Buoye  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  his  vicinity 
and  stands  well,  being  a  man  of  integrity  and  sound 
principles.  In  addition  to  general  farming  and  fruit 
raising,  he  raises  cattle,  sheep  and  hogs. 


DAVID  THOMSON  is  an  enterprising,  energetic, 
and  thrifty  farmer,  a  public  minded  citizen,  a  man 
of  integrity  and  uprightness,  and  it  is  fitting  that  a 
review  of  his  career  be  placed  in  the  history  of  Nez 
Perces  county, 

David  Thomson  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada, 
on  December  14,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and 
Guira  (Maria)  Thomson.  The.  father  was  born  in 
Scotland  in  1832  and  came  to  Canada  when  a  boy. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Canada.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  splendid  and  world  famous 
schools  in  Ontario,  and  remained  with  his  father  until 
he  had  reached  the  age  of  nineteen.  Then  he  came 
to  the  lumber  regions  of  Michigan,  where  he  operated 
for  four  years.  It  was  1874  when  he  left  for  Still- 
water,  in  Minnesota,  and  lumbered  until  1878,  when  he 
went  to  Montana  and  freighted  for  twelve  years.  In 
1890,  Mr.  Thompson  moved  to  Coulee  City,  "Washing- 
ton and  freighted  to  Wenatchee  and  the  Cascades  for 
three  years.  Then  he  removed  to  Umatilla  county  and 
in  1893,  came  thence  to  Nez  Perces  county,  where  he 
farmed  for  two  years  and  then  on  November  18,  1895, 
he  took  his  present  place,  five  miles  north  from  Mor- 
row. It  is  a  good  quarter  section  and  is  well  handled. 
Mr.  Thomson  raises  cattle  and  does  general  farming. 
He  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  John,  Elizabeth 
Bean,  Thomas.  He  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  active  and 
influential  in  local  politics  while  he  is  always  deeply 
interested  in  the  national  issues  and  intelligent  in 
the  questions  of  the  day. 


JAMES  L.  HOBART.  Among  the  young  and 
enterprising  agriculturists  of  the  reservation  is  to  be 
classed  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  the  industry, 
thrift,  uprightness  and  good  achievements  of  Mr. 
Hobert  are  evidence  of  his  worth  and  integrity. 

James  L.  Hobart  was  born  in  Buchanan  county, 
Iowa,  on  May  20,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and 
Lavina  (Lenington)  Hobart.  The  father  enlisted  in 
the  Ninth  Iowa  Infantry  and  served  for  over  four 
years  in  the  cause  of  his  country.  He  was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  and  participated  in  the 
march  to  the  sea  and"  many  other  great  conflicts  and 
arduous  undertakings.  He  was  honorably  discharged 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.'at  Moscow, 
where  he  and  his  wife  reside.  When  James  was  eight 
the  family  removed  to  northern  Iowa  and  thence  to 
Graham  county,  Kansas.  In  the  fall  of  1881,  they 
all  come  to  the  vicinity  of  Moscow  and  there  James 
remained  on  his  father's  farm  until  he  was  married. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


That  happy 

and  the  lady  of  his  choice 


t  took  place  on  September  7,  1890, 
is  choice  was  Mrs.  Elizabeth  (Crum- 
packer)  Decker,  the  daughter  of  Henry  and  Rachel 
(Frazieri  Crumpacker.  Her  parents  crossed  the 
plains  with  ox  teams  in  1864  from  Missouri  to  Boise  ; 
in  1865  they  came  to  the  Walla  Walla  valley,  settling 
on  Dry  creek.  They  were.  among  the  first  settlers 
there  and  when  the  reservation  opened  they  came 
thither.  Here  Mrs.  Crumpacker  died  in  1896  and  the 
bereaved  father  is  now  making  his  home  with  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  Mrs.  Hobart's  first  husband  only 
lived  fourteen  months  after  his  marriage.  One  child 
was  born  to  them,  Faye  Decker.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hobart,  Winnie  A., 
Beatrice,  deceased,  Doyle  D.,  Naomi  R.  Mr.  Hobart 
was  here  at  the  time  of  the  rush  in  the  fall  of  1895 
and  was  fortunate  in  securing  a  good  place.  He  has 
it  all  fenced  and  under  tribute  of  cultivation  and  is 
making  one  of  the  good  "and  valuable  farms  of.  the 
country.  He  came  with  four  horses,  one  cow  and 
one  wagon.  All  his  holdings  now  have  been  gained 
since  that  time.  Mr.  Hobart  is  a  member  of  the  W. 
of  W.  and  is  in  good  standing  in  the  community. 


I.  N.  RATCLIFFE,  the  son  of  W.  E.  Ratcliffe, 
of  whom  special  mention  is  made  in  this  work,  was 
born  in 'Douglas  county,  Oregon,  on  July  4,  1870. 
The  first  eleven  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  that 
place  and  then  he  went  with  his  parents  to  southern 
California,  where  they  remained  two  years.  Return- 
ing to  Douglas  county,  our  subject  spent  but  a  short 
time  then  journeyed  to  Davenport,  Lincoln  county, 
Washington.  With  the  exception  of  one  year  which 
was  spent  in  Utah,  Mr.  Ratcliffe  was  for  thirteen 
years  a  leading  resident  of  Davenport.  Again  we  see 
him  in  Oregon  and  at  the  time  of  the  opening  of  the 
Nez  Perces  reservation  he,  accompanied  by  his  brother, 
came  hither  and  took  a  homestead  where  the  town  of 
Peck  now  stands.  He  gave  his  attention  to  improving 
the  farm  and  was  instrumental  in  starting  the  bright 
town  of  Peck.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  the  real  estate  business  also  to  handling  a  livery  and 
feed  stable.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Ratcliffe  is  a 
Jeffersonian  Democrat  and  well  posted  in  the  questions 
of  the  day.  He  is  a  progressive  man,  of  broad  mind 
and  public  spirit  and  is  a  leading  spirit  in  any  move- 
ment for  general  advancement  and  building  up  the 
town  and  country  adjacent. 


J.  C.  PETERSON.  The  devotees  of  the  news- 
paper fraternity  have  ever  been  a  power  in  the  de- 
velopment and  progress  of  the  country  since  the  time 
when  the  first  papers  rolled  from  the  early  presses. 
Men  of  talent  and  enterprise  have  fought  out  the  bat- 
tles of  thought  and  settled  right  the  questions  which 
have  been  agitated  and  been  brought  up  in  the  pro- 
gress which  the  same  papers  .had  fostered  and  made 
possible.  As  a  representative  of  the  fraternity,  a  man 


of  ability  and  sound  principles,  the  subject  of  this 
article,  who  is  owner  and  editor  of  the  Peck  Press,  a 
paper  of  vitality  and  merit,  is  justly  represented  in  the 
history  of  northern  Idaho  and  it  is  v'<-h  pleasure  that 
we  grant  him  space  here. 

J.  C.  Peterson  was  bom  in  Tippecanoe  county, 
Indiana,  on  December  22,  1868,  the  son  of  Martin  B. 
and  Margaret  A.  (Bowers)  Peterson,  born  in  Ohio, 
in  1844  and  1846,  respectively.  The  father  came  from 
Xenia.  The  mother  is  a  daughter  of  a  noted  Dunkard 
minister,  Martin  Bowers.  The  parents  both  live  in 
Latah  county  now.  Our  subject  was  well  educated  in 
his  native  country  and  in  1889,  came  with  his  parents 
to  Washington  and  settled  on  Union  flats,  Whitman 
county.  They  farmed  there  one  year  and  in  1890  they 
settled  in  the  vicinity  of  Vollmer,  Idaho,  where  he 
farmed  for  some  time.  In  1895,  our  subject  married 
Miss  Rosa  M.  Hatter,  of  Vollmer,  after  which  he 
removed  into  the  town  of  Vollmer  and  learned  the 
printer's  art.  He  engaged  in  the  publication  of  the 
Vollmer  News,  succeeding  C.  S.  Moody,  and  continued 
the  sheet  until  1898,  when  he  sold  out,  his  partner, 
John  E.  Hoffman,  purchasing  it.  Then  Mr.  Peter- 
son removed  to  Oro  Fino,  and  there  was  connected 
with  the  Oro  Fino  Courier  until  November,  1900, 
when  he  bought  the  Peck  Press  and  since  that  time 
Mr.  Peterson  has  devoted  himself  to  that  paper.  He 
has  made  the  paper  popular  and  it  is  a  bright  newsy 
sheet  of  good  appearance  and  taste  and  is  one  of  the 
lively  and  sound  Republican  papers  of  the  northern 
part  of  the  state. 

Mr.  Peterson  has  two  brothers,  Homar  L.  and 
Sam  B.,  and  six  sisters,  Laura  Booth,  Mary  Kenny, 
Maggie  Rundle,  Lulu  Minehead,  Angre,  Edith  Brown, 
deceased. 

Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Peterson,  Beatrice  and  Lois.  Mr.  Peterson  takes  an 
active  part  in  political  matters  and  is  one  of  the  solid 
Republicans  who  stand  on  their  platform  from 
principle.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 
the  M.  W.  A.  Mr.Peterson  has  a  farm  adjoining  Peck 
in  addition  to  his  paper  and  other  property.  He  is 
a  man  whose  uprightness  and  integrity  have  made  him 
popular  and  of  excellent  standing  among  all  who  have 
the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 


WILLIAM     CUNNINGHAM.     This     venerable 

in  the  reservation  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county,  be- 
ing at  the  present  time  not  only  doing  a  general  farm- 
ing business  on  his  estate  one  half  mile  east  of  Kip- 
pen,  but  also  breeding  some  excellent  specimens  of 
Percheron  and  Clyde  horses. 

William  Cunningham  was  born  in  Bradford 
county,  Pennsylvania  in  1834,  being  the  son  of  Jacob 
and  Emily  (Nichols)  Cunningham.  The  father"  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  in  1821  and  died  in  1894.  His 
people  were  pioneers  in  Pennsylvania  and  he  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Civil  war,  being  "in  Company  I,  Tenth 
Illinois,  under  Generals  Halleck  and  Curtis.  The  mother 


1 48 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


of  our  subject  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1809  and 
died  in  1899,  aged  ninety-one.  The  family  removed 
to  New  York,  and  thence  to  Ohio  and  when  William 
was  eleven  they  went  to  Michigan.  There  he  grew  to 
manhood  and  received  his  education.  When  he  was 
twenty-six,  he  went  to  Champaign  county,  Illinois, 
the  family  all  going,  and  there  he  enlisted  in  Company 
I,  Tenth'  Illinois  Cavalry,  in  September,  1861,  his 
father  also  enlisting  at  about  the  same  date.  Our 
subject  served  two  years  under  General  Halleck  and 
was  taken  with  measles  which  settled  on  his  lungs 
and  so  dreadful  was  the  effect  of  this  disease  that  he 
was  unable  to  speak  above  a  whisper  for  three  years. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Illinois  and  re- 
mained on  the  farm  until  1866,  then  went  to  Indiana 
and  railroaded  for  a  number  of  years  and  then  came 
west  to  Portland  and  followed  the  same  business  for 
some  time.  He  spent  three  years  in  the  Yakima 
country  in  Washington,  and  then  went  to  the  reser- 
vation and  secured  his  present  place,  which  he  has 
cultivated  and  improved  in  a  becoming  manner. 
March,  1896,  was  the  date  of  his  settlement  here  and 
he  has  always  been  known  as  one  of  the  substantial 
and  progressive  men  of  the  community. 

In  1862,  in  Illinois,  Mr.  Cunningham  married  Miss 
Ann,  daughter  of  Barnabas  Howe,  a  farmer  and 
pioneer  in  Indiana.  Mrs.  Cunningham  was  born  in 
Indiana,  in  1838  and  has  one  brother,  Ira,  at  Lapwai, 
Idaho.  Mr.  Cunningham  has  two  sisters,  Ellen 
Knapp  and  Ida  Donaldson,  both  in  Iowa.  Six  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cunningham, 
Emma  and  William,  deceased;  Cora  Smith,  Pearl 
Parkin,  and  Esther  Tipton,  in  Nez  Perces  county; 
Earl,  at  home.  Mr.  Cunningham  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  and  is  an  active  Republican.  He  is  a  man 
who  has  achieved  success  in  his  labors,  has  sustained 
an  unsullied  reputation,  has  always  been  a  stanch  and 
upright  man  and  is  now  enjoying  the  golden  days  of 
his  life  in  plenty. 


HIRAM  E.  CHURCH.  It  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  are  enabled  to  accord  the  representative  and  promi- 
nent farmer  and  stockman,  whose  name  is  at  the 
head  of  this  article,  a  review  in  the  history  of  his 
county,  since  he  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  men 
of  the  county,  being  a  heavy  property  owner  and  a 
skillful  handler  of  stock,  having  one  of  the  most  pro- 
ductive farms  in  the  county,  while  in  his  private  walk 
he  is  a  man  who  has  won  the  esteem  and  confidence 
of  all,  being  of  sound  principles,  and  faithful. 

Mr.  Church  was  born  in  Walworth  county,  Wis- 
consin, on  October  6,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Cyrus 
and  Emeline  (Russell)  Church.  The  father  was  a 
prominent  farmer  of  that  county,  and  there  the  mother 
died  in  1854,  but  the  father  married  again  and  lived 
there  until  January  7,  1900,  being  at  that  time  in  his 
eighty-third  year,  and  they  both  rest  in  the  cemetery 
at  the  home  place.  The  children  of  the  family  were 
six  boys  and  two  girls.  Our  subject  was  educated 
at  the  schools  in  his  native  place,  and  for  twenty-two 
years  remained  with  his  father,  then  started  in  the 


battle  of  life  for  himself.  He  went  to  southwestern 
Missouri,  purchased  a  farm  and  wrought  there  for 
a  decade  and  then  came  west  to  Genesee.  He 
purchased  land  where  he  now  lives,  three  miles 
south  of  Genesee,  having  now  about  four  hun- 
dred acres  of  fine,  rich  land.  His  brother,, 
who  is  mentioned  in  this  work,  owns  about  the 
same  amount  adjoining  and  they  operate  this  large 
amount  of  land  in  partnership,  handling  as  high  as 
twelve  thousand  bushels  as  one  year's  crop.  Our  sub- 
ject has  his  farm  well  improved  and  good,  substantial 
and  commodious  buildings  erected,  while  also  they  to- 
gether own  a  large  herd  of  stock.  Mr.  Church  has 
an  orchard  of  twelve  acres,  and  he  raises  abundant 
returns  of  fruits  of  all  kinds.  Mr.  Church  states  that 
this  is  the  most  productive  country 'that  he  has  ever 
seen,  and  feels  assured  that  one  would  have  to  search 
long  and  far  before  another  as  good  section  could  be 
found.  Mr.  Church  is  a  man  of  good  ability,  has  made 
a  fine  success  in  his  business  affairs,  has  maintained 
an  unsullied  reputation,  and  is  one  of  the  wise,  sub- 
stantial, and  leading  citizens  of  Nez  Perces  county. 


WILLIAM  TAVIS.  Perhaps  the  success  that  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  has  achieved  and  wrought  out 
here  in  the  reservation  country  is  equal  to  that  of  any 
resident.  He  came  here  with  no  means  and  located 
on  a  quarter  three  miles  north  from  Nezperce  and  he 
now  owns  this  all  free  from  debt;  has  purchased  an- 
other quarter  of  even  finer  land  and  has  good  improve- 
ments and  buildings  necessary  to  handle  the  entire 
amount  in  fine  shape.  Mr.  Tavis  has  good  stock  and 
implements  and  is  in  excellent  circumstances.  This 
has  been  no  chance  luck,  for  he  and  his  estimable 
wife  have  labored  hard  and  long  to  accomplish  this 
excellent  result.  Mrs.  Tavis  assisted  her  husband  with 
the  work  of  the  farm,  even  driving  the  five  horse 
team  to  the  binder  and  some  of  the  time  carrying  her 
three  children  with  her  on  the  machine.  It  is  grati- 
fying to  see  such  arduous  labor  handled  with  wisdom 
and  resulting  in  the  good  property  holding  that  they 

William  Tavis  was  born  in  Macoupin  county, 
Illinois,  on  September  u,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Isaac 
and  Minerva  (Potts)  Tavis,  who  were  natives  of  and 
were  married  in  Macoupin  county.  In  1870,  they  all 
came  to  Jasper  county,  Missouri.  The  father  served 
eleven  months  in  the  war  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged at  the  close.  They  now  live  near  Marshall, 
Spokane  county,  Washington.  Our  subject  remained 
with  his  parents  until  1887  then  came  to  Spokane,  on 
April  17,  of  that  year.  On  December  24,  1889,  he 
married  Miss  Mina.  daughter  of  W.  G.  and  Mary  M. 
(Jessup)  Addington,  natives  respectively  of  Indiana 
and  Lee  county.  Iowa,  in  which  county  they  were  mar- 
ried. Then  they  removed  to  Cherokee  county,  Kansas,, 
where  Mrs.  Tavis  was  born  on  May  19,  1871.  The 
family  then  came,  via  San  Francisco,  to  Dayton, 
Washington,  in  1879,  and  in  1888  they  went  to  Spo- 
kane county.  Mr.  Addington  was  four  years  in  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Civil  war.  In  1891,  Mr.  Tavis  went  to  Wilbur,  Wash- 
ington and  in  1894  he  came  to  the  reservation  and 
worked  for  a  man  who  had  Indian  land  leased.  Thus 
he  was  here  to  select  good  land  when  the  reservation 
opened,  which  he  did,  gaining  his  present  home.  Mr. 
Tavis  had  to  go  out  to  harvest  for  the  purpose  of 
gaining  provisions  and  he  started  with  abundant  hard- 
ships. His  first  grist,  being  sixteen  sacks,  he  hauled 
to  Lewiston,  the  trip  consuming  eight  days.  Five 
children  have  been  born  to  this  couple,  Roy  E.,  Lora 
E.,  deceased,  Goldie  P.,  Tina  M.,  Warren  W. 


SAMUEL  LOCKRIDGE.  As  a  representative 
farmer  of  the  reservation  country,  a  man  of  intelligence 
and  worth  and  a  loyal  and  patriotic  citizen  of  our 
commonwealth,  we  chronicle  the  subject  of  this  article. 

Samuel  Lockridge  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Iowa,  on  November  9,  1863,  being  the  son  of  William 
and  Elizabeth  J.  (Simmons)  Lockridge.  The  father 
was  born  on  February  6,  1834,  in  Augusta  county, 
Virginia,  and  came  with  his  parents  when  a  small 
child  to  Indiana,  where  he  grew  to  young  manhood 
and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  that  day.  In  1853 
he  went  to  Iowa  and  there  remained  until  1893,  living 
a  time,  however,  in  Oklahoma.  He  is  a  man  of  promi- 
nence and  worth  and  has  often  times  been  chosen  for 
offices  of  trust  in  the  county  and  has  ever  discharged 
his  duties  with  efficiency  and  faithfulness.  His  grand- 
father, William,  was  one  of  the  patriots  who  fought 
for  our  independence  and  the  fruits  of  those  praise- 
worthy labors  are  ours  to  enjoy  to  this  day.  He  used 
a  flintlock  rifle  in  the  war  under  Morgan  which  an 
uncle  in  the  family,  Jacob  Daggy,  used  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  which  is  now  a  prized  heirloom  of  the 

William  Lockridge  was  married  in  Iowa  to  Eliza- 
beth Simmons,  who  was  a  native  of  Iowa  and  died 
in  Oklahoma  in  1895.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  in 
Iowa  and  there  received  his  education.  He  remained 
with  his  father  until  of  age  and  then  farmed  in  Iowa 
some  time  longer.  In  1893  he  journeyed  to  Okla- 
homa and  later  bought  a  relinquishment  to  a  pre- 
emption. This  was  his  family  home  until  1899,  the 
same  being  in  Lincoln  county,  near  Chandler,  which 
he  sold  and  took  a  trip  back  to  Ohio,  after  which  he 
came  and  bought  his  present  place  in  1900,  which  has 
been  the  home  since.  He  does  general  farming,  has 
a  good  place  and  devotes  some  attention  to  stock.  Mr. 
Lockridge  is  a  Democrat  and  is  active  in  the  cam- 
paigns. 

On  December  9,  1891,  Mr.  Lockridge  married 
Miss  Eliza  C,  daughter  of  Joseph  S.  and  Cynthia 
(Ellenwood)  Dilley.  The  father  who  was  born  June 
II,  1828,  in  Virginia,  was  a  pioneer  in  Washington 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  still  lives.  The  mother  was 
born  March  9,  1826,  in  Virginia,  where  she  was 
brought  up  and  died  in  Ohio,  on  August  22,  1887. 
Mrs.  Lockridge  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters:  Joseph  R.,  John  W.,  Nahen  S.,  Suzie  M. 
Mr.  Lockridge  has  six  brothers  and  sisters:  Leander 


J.,  Mrs.  Mary  Wheat,  John  W.,  Robert  A.,  Sarah  Fol- 
lett,  and  Savannah  C.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lockridge  have 
two  children,  Mabel  D.  and  Clara  M. 


DAVID  B.  CHURCH.  One  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  this  section,  and  to-day  one  of  the  most  substantial, 
energetic  and  progressive  agriculturists  of  the  county, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  eminently  fitted  to  be 
represented  in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county,  be- 
ing a  man  of  strong  personal  character,  and  withal 
of  integrity,  ability  and  executive  force.  The  birth- 
place of  Mr.  Church  is  in  Wahvorth  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, his  birth  occurring  on  February  25,  1852;  his 
parents  were  Cyrus  and  Emeline  (Russell)  Church, 
natives  respectively  of  Connecticut  and  Ohio.  The 
father  came  to  that  section  in  1836,  being  a  pioneer 
and  there  farmed  all  his  life,  his  death  occurring  while 
he  was  on  a  visit  to  Chicago  in  1899.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  place  and  he 
remained  with  his  father  until  he  had  arrived  at  the 
age  of  twenty-three  years.  In  the  year  1875,  he  came 
to  California  and  one  year  later  went  thence  to  Salem, 
Oregon,  and  six  months  later  came  to  this  country. 
In  June.  1877,  he  removed  to  the  place  adjoining  the 
one  where  he  now  lives  and  the  next  year  moved  onto 
his  present  place,  which  is  six  and  one  half  miles 
southwest  from  Genesee.  He  gained  title  to  this  land 
by  the  homestead  right  and  has  since  that  time  given 
his  time  and  attention  to  farming,  stock-raising  and 
raising  fruits.  He  and  his  brother,  Hiram  E.,  are  in 
partnership,  owning  about  eight  hundred  acres  of  land, 
mostly  rented  and  since  the  orchards  have  come  to 
bearing  they  occupy  the  time  and  attention  of  the 
owners.  The  brother  came  here  in  1884.  Our  subject 
has  his  land  well  improved,  is  a  skillful  farmer,  and 
has  taken  the  part  of  the  intelligent  and  loyal  citizen 
in  the  affairs  of  the  country.  He  is  highly  esteemed 
and  commands  the  respect  of  all. 


ANDREW  M.  JOHNSON  is  a  sawmill  man  and 
a  machinist,  dwelling  about  four  miles  southwest  from 
Ilo,  where  he  owns  a  fine  quarter  section  of  good  pine 
timber  land  and  operats  a  sawmill.  He  has  a  good 
plant  and  does  a  thriving  business,  being  a  man  of 
practical  qualities  and  able  to  adapt  himself  to  any 
portion  of  the  work  of  the  mill. 

Andrew  M.  Johnson  was  born  in  Dallas  county, 
Texas,  on  May  29,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and 
Elna  (Martinson)  Johnson,  natives  of  Sweden.  The 
father  was  born  January  10,  1837,  came  to  this  country 
and  (lid  contracting  on"  the  Texas  Pacific,  was  one  of 
the  pioneer  settlers  in  the  Big  Bend  country  and  died 
in  October,  1896.  In  addition  to  our  subject  there 
were  born  to  this  couple  the  following  named  children : 
Nels  T.,  born  in  Sweden,  on  April  2,  1867,  being  now 
a  mining  man;  Mauritz  C.,  born  in  Texas,  on  January 
15,  1879;  Amos  E.,  born  in  Denton  county,  Texas, 
iii  1881.  Our  subject  started  out  for  himself  when 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


seventeen,  prospected  and  worked  in  the  Okanogan 
country  and  two  years  later  he  went  to  Colfax  and 
there  farmed  until  the  spring  of  1896,  when  he  came  to 
the  Nez  Perces  reservation  and  filed  a  homestead. 
He  relinquished  in  1899  and  filed  another  homestead 
where  he  now  lives.  After  he  sold  his  first  place, 
Mr.  Johnson  bought  an  interest  in  the  Fletcher  roller 
flour  mills  but  sold  that  property  six  months  later. 
Then  he  established  his  present  sawmill  plant  and 
to  the  prosecution  of  this  business  he  has  devoted  his 
time  and  energies  since.  Mr.  Johnson  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  capable  men  of  this  section  and  is 
numbered  with  the  progressive  and  industrious  citi- 
zens of  the  county. 

On  October  12,  1902,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss 
Lillie  Wright,  whose  parents  are  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  this  volume.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Nez  Perces 
county.  In  politics,  Mr.  Johnson  is  a  Republican  and 
is  well  posted  on  the  questions  of  the  day. 


FELIX  WARREN.  The  engineer  is  fast  taking 
the  place  of  the  Stage  driver  and  the  flying  pony  ex- 
pressman, but  occasionally  we  find  one  of  the  old 
timers,  whose  eye  will  flash  with  the  same  fire  of 
adventure  and  uncurbed  spirit  as  characterized  the 
early  men  who  drove  the  dangerous  routes  of  the  west 
in  days  of  savage  wars  and  wild  scenes.  Among  the 
very  best  stage  drivers  that  ever  drew  reins  west  of 
the  Rockies  and  as  a  veritable  leader  of  them  all  in 
the  northwest,  we  mention  the  well  known  gentleman 
whose  name  stands  at  the  head  of  this  "article.  Felix 
Warren  is  one  of  the  genuine  old  time  stage  men, 
who  scorned  the  savages,  weathered  the  fiercest  storms 
and  passed  through  the  trying  scenes  and  dangers 
incident  to  stage  life  of  the  west.  He  has  never  been 
beaten  in  a  contest  and  has  drawn  reins  with  the  best 
men  the  country  could  produce.  Keen,  brave,  kind, 
and  genial,  he  has  commanded  the  respect,  and  won 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all,  while  steadily  from 
the  pioneer  days  until  the  present  he  has  followed  his 
line  of  business  and  is  now  handling  the  stage  from 
Lewiston  to  Cottonwood,  where  he  has  driven  for  six- 
teen years,  twelve  consecutively. 

A  detailed  account  of  the  career  of  Mr.  Warren 
will  be  hailed  with  keen  delight  by  all  old  timers  and 
with  pleasure  we  append  the  same.  He  was  born  in 
Sullivan  county,  Missouri,  on  July  15,  1852,  being  the 
son  of  Hugh  and  Esther  (Sturgill)  Warren.  The 
father  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1821  and  died  in 
1880.  He  was  a  pioneer  of  Missouri  and  a  fifty-niner 
in  California,  where  he  remained  until  1865,  when  he 
returned  to  the  states  and  came  with  his  family  to 
Walla  Walla  and  bought  a  farm  engaging  in  stock 
raising  until  his  death.  He  was  captain  of  the  train 
of  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  wagons  which  he  piloted 
over  in  safety.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Virginia  and  died  in  1884.  Felix  was  twelve  years 
of  age  when  he  came  with  his  parents  to  this  country 
and  he  remained  with  his  father  until  eighteen  and 
then  went  to  packing  to  the  Kootenai  country,  British 


Columbia.  He  did  this  on  account  of  his  health  and 
as  the  outdoor  exercise  was  bracing  and  improving 
him,  he  continued  until  he  was  twenty-three.  Then  he 
began  staging  from  Almota  to  Colfax  and  in  1875  took 
up  the  business  on  his  own  account.  He  operated 
from  Dayton  to  Walla  Walla  and  about  that  time 
bought  the  entire  holdings  of  the  Northwestern  Stage 
Company,  which  included  many  lines  in  this  country, 
among  which  were  those  from  Dayton  to  Colfax,  thence 
to  Sprague,  Cclfax  to  Lewiston,  Lewiston  to  Spokane 
Falls,  and  others.  These  Mr.  Warren  operated  for 
fifteen  years  and  also  from  Dayton  to  Lewiston  for 
six  years.  He  had  as  partner,  A.  A.  Newberry,  well 
known  in  the  northwest  and  they  operated  from  Lewis- 
ton  to  Mt.  Idaho.  It  is  thus  se'en  that  Mr.  Warren  is 
the  oldest  and  most  extensive  stage  and  mail  operator 
in  the  entire  country.  He  was  special  messenger  for 
the  government  in  the  Bannock  war  and  at  one  time 
he  drove  from  Mt.  Idaho  to  Lewiston  in  less  than  ten 
hours,  hauling  fourteen  passengers,  among  whom  were 

Howard,  a  famous  California  driver.  Mr.  Warren 
drove  six  horses  and  had  four  relays  in  this  trip.  Bell 
Foster,  a  noted  scout  and  an  intimate  friend  of  Mr. 
Warren,  was  killed  at  Cottonwood  by  the  savages  dur- 
ing the  Nez  Perces  war. 

On  March  3,  1873,  Mr.  Warren  married  Miss 
Janetta  Smails,  at  Walla  Walla.  She  has  three  broth- 
ers, John,  Harvey  and  Robert.  She  was  born  in 
Iowa  in  1860.  Mr.  Warren  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  Solomon  S.,  a  miner  at  Nome ;  Joseph  F., 
chief  of  police  in  Spokane  for  years,  now  in  Nome; 
Robert  S.,  in  Nome ;  Mrs.  H.  "W.  Spalding,  at  Al- 
mota, whose  husband  was  a  son  of  the  noted  mission- 
ary Spalding;  Inez  Dawson,  in  Yakima,  whose  hus- 
band is  a  stockman.  Mr.  Warren  is  an  active  Demo- 
crat and  has  been  honored  by  his  party  with  a  number 
of  nomination?  for  office.  Mr.  Warren  was  well 
acquainted  with  the  noted  Joe  Aleek.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Pioneer  Association  and  one  of  the  best  known 
and  highly  esteemed  men  of  the  entire  northern  part 
of  the  state. 


JOHN  NELLSEN.  It  is  with  pleasure  that'  we 
are  enabled  to  grant  space  in  the  history  of  northern 
Idaho  to  the  young  and  enterprising  agriculturist 
whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article  as  he  has 
done  excellent  work  here  in  the  development  of  the 
resources  of  the  country,  has  wrought  with  a  hand  of 
industry  in  improving  his  homestead  and  has  so  con- 
ducted himself  that  he  has  won  and  retains  the  good 
will  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

John  Nellsen  was  born  in  Calumet  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  January  26,  1870,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  (Hammer)  Nellsen,  who  are  mentioned  in 
another  portion  of  this  work.  Our  subject  remained 
under  the  parental  roof  until  he  had  attained  the  age  of 
twenty  and  then  went  out  to  encounter  the  storms 
of  life  alone.  He  came  to  Walla  Walla  about  that 
time  and  went  to  work  hauling  hay  and  straw.  This 
was  in  the  winter  and  during  the  summer  he  wrought 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


st  field.    When  the  reservation  opened  he 
ig  mountain  and  took  his  present  place  of 


in  the  har 

came  to  Crag  mounan  an  oo  s  presen  pace  o 
one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  fine  pine  timber  land, 
which  lies  about  four  miles  northwest  from  Morrow. 
Mr.  Nellsen  has  some  extra  fine  springs  on  his  land 
and  by  his  own  efforts  he  has  cleared  sixteen  acres. 
The  first  two  years  here,  he  and  his  brother  worked 
out  most  of  the  time  to  get  a  start,  but  since  then  they 
have  rented  land  and  have  done  well,  threshing  this  last 
year  five  thousand  bushels  of  grain.  They  have  their 
own  machinery,  horses,  and  are  numbered  with  the 
prosperous  men  of  this  section.  Much  credit  is  due 
this  worthy  young  man  in  his  efforts  to  build  up  the 
country  and  make  a  good  home;  just  such  sturdy  toil- 
ers as  he  are  the  ones  who  have  made  this  country 
prosperous  and  the  richest  in  the  world. 


ANTON  HEITFELD.  It  is  gratifying  to  us 
that  we  are  enabled  to  chronicle  the  outline  of  the 
interesting  career  of  the  estimable  gentleman  whose 
name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  since  he  has  done 
much  for  the  building  up  of  Nez  Perces  county,  is 
one  of  its  well-to-do  and  substantial  citizens  to-day 
and  is  a  man  of  sterling  qualities  of  worth  and  princi- 
ple, always  being  allied  on  the  side  of  right  and  wis- 
dom. Mr.  Heitfeld  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
on  February  24,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and 
Theresa  (Winkelman)  Heitfeld,  natives  of  Germany, 

cated  in  St.  Louis  and  engaged  in  a  shoe  store,  where 
the  father  continued  until  his  death  in  1868.  In  1870, 
the  mother  with  her  children  went  to  Kansas,  where 
for  thirteen  years  they  farmed.  In  1882,  they  removed 
to  Nez  Perces  county  where  she  died  in  1892,  being 
buried  in  the  Catholic  cemetery  in  Genesee.  At 
Seneca,  Kansas,  our  subject  received  his  first  school- 
ing and  always  remained  with  his  mother  until  the 
time  of  her  death.  He  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
brother  Henry  and  together  they  own  one  entire  sec- 
tion of  land,  all  under  cultivation  and  producing  as 
high  as  twelve  thousand  bushels  of  grain  in  one  season. 
They  have  also  an  orchard  of  ten  acres,  about  the 
largest  and  finest  in  the  entire  locality.  Mr.  Heitfeld 
is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  agriculturists  of  Nez 
Perces  county,  is  a  man  of  broad  experience  and  ex- 
ceptional talent,  and  has  always  been  dominated  by 
keen  foresight,  acute  discrimination  and  good  wisdom, 
which  account  for  the  brilliant  success  that  he  has 
had  in  the  realm  of  agriculture  and  fruit  raising. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Heitfeld  and  Miss  Frances 
A.,  daughter  of  Edward  and  Barbara  (Henzel) 
Kempf.  occurred  in  1897,  ar>d  they  have  been  blessed 
with  the  advent  of  two  children.  Edward  H.  and  Jose- 
phine J.  Mr.  Heitfeld  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W., 
Uniontown  Camp,  No.  207.  He  and  his  wife  are  de- 
vout members  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  It  is 
of  note  that  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  brother 


of  Hei 


Heitfeld,  his 


also  United  States  senator  from  the  state  of  Idaho. 
Henry    Heitfeld,    now    United    States    senator,    was 


prominent  in  the  political  realm  for  his  sagacity,  sound 
principles,  who  in  1894  was  nominated  'by  the 
Peoples  party,  endorsed  by  the  Democrats  and  elected 
to  the  position  of  state  senator  at  Boise,  by  a  handsome 
majority.  In  1896,  he  was  nominated  again,  and  again 
promptly  elected  by  an  appreciative  people  and  during 
that  term  he  was  proposed  for  the  United  States 
senate  against  F.  Duboise,  silver  Republican,  and  Heit- 
feld was  elected,  and  in  the  capacity  of  senator  from 
the  state  of  Idaho  he  is  doing  faithful  and  capable 
work  in  Washington,  D.  C.  More  specific  mention  of 
him  will  be  made  in  another  portion  of  the  work. 


JAMES  D.  BOWMAN,  a  farmer  and  stockman 
of  excellent  standing  and  blessed  with  good  success 
in  his  labors,  and  one  of  the  builders  of  the  reser- 
vation country  where  he  has  wisely  bestowed 
his  labors  since  it  opened  for  settlement,  was  born  in 
Salem,  Oregon,  on  August  19,  1852,  being  a  son  of 
Joshua  and  Emmeline  (Loveland)  Bowman,  natives 
respectively  of  Ohio  and  New  York.  The  father  was 
born  in  1808  and  died  in  1877.  He  came  to  Salem  in 
1851,  and  then  moved  to  Clackamas  county,  where  he 
took  a  half  section  of  land.  Our  subject  was  brought 
up  and  educated  in  Oregon  City  and  remained  there 
until  he  was  twenty-one.  At  that  time  he  came  to 
eastern  Oregon  and  engaged  in  the  cattle  business. 
He  made  several  trips  back  and  forth  across  the 
mountains,  and  in  1877  came  to  the  Palouse  country 
near  Genesee.  There  he  farmed  and  freighted  until 
1895,  when  he  came  to  the  opening  reservation  and 
took  his  present  place,  a  little  southeast  from  Dublin, 
where  he  does  general  farming  and  raises  hogs  and 
cattle. 

On  February  28,  1883,  Mr.  Bowman  married  Miss 
Nettie,  daughter  of  John  A.  and  Harriet  (Mosier) 
Stanton.  The  father  was  born  January  17,  1823, 
farmed  in  Missouri  and  came  as  a  pioneer  to  Oregon 
in  the  early  'fifties.  He  settled  to  farming  on  a  do- 
nation claim  near  'Silverton,  Oregon,  and  was  promi- 
nent in  political  matters,  holding  the  county  offices 
frequently.  Mrs.  Bowman  was  born  in  Marion 
county,  Oregon,  on  May  23,  1866,  and  has  the  follow- 
ing brothers  and  sisters:  Isabella  Murray,  Josephine 
Thomas,  Jennie,  deceased,  Frank,  Jasper  N..  Benjamin. 
John,  Willard,  Amanda  Woodcock,  Blufford,  Mary 
Allen,  deceased.  Mr.  Bowman  has  brothers  and  sis- 
ters named  as  follows:  Joseph,  Charles,  Mary  Smith, 
Ann  Markham,  Margaret  Jones.  Seven  children  have 
been  born  to  this  household,  Pearl,  Clyde,  Herman, 
Charles  W.,  John  E.,  Mamie  E.,  Nellie' M. 


DAVID  E.  JOHN.  About  one  mile  north  from 
Nezperce  is  the  home  place  of  the  enterprising  young 
man  whose  name  appears  above  and  he  is  to  be  classed 


culturists    of   this 
premises   testifies. 


mis  and  wise  agn- 
•ything    about    his 


I52 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


David  E.  John  was  born  in  Greene  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  May  16,  1875,  being  the  son  of  David  and 
Mary  E.  (Edgar)  John,  natives  also  of  Greene  county. 
When  our  subject  was  two  years  old,  the  family  went 
to  Washington  county,  where  his  mother  died  on 
January  17,  1894.  The  father,  who  is  still  living  there, 
aged  eighty-six,  is  a  prominent  and  wealthy  farmer 
of  that  section.  The  parents,  as  also  our  subject  and 
his  wife,  are  all  members  of  the  German  Baptist 
Brethren.  David  E.  attended  school  in  his  native 
place  and  on  December  25,  1896,  he  married  Miss  Alice 
C,  daughter  of  Silas  and  Nannie  (Rodabaugh) 
Johnson.  In  March,  1897,  they  came  to  the  reservation 
country  with  his  father-in-law,  the  party  consisting 
of  thirteen.  This  was  simply  for  a  trip  but  when  they 
arrived  here  the  country  was  so  favorabe  and  pleasing 
that  Mr.  John  secured  the  relinquishment  of  the  farm 
where  he  now  resides  and  he  at  once  went  to  improv- 
ing. He  has  a  good  six-room  house,  large  barn  and 
outbuildings,  with  many  other  good  improvements. 
Mr.  John  has  fenced  his  entire  farm  with  hog  tight 
fencing  and  is  intending  to  raise  hogs  extensively.  He 
is  blessed  with  a  goodly  holding  of  property  and  is  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  the  section.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  them,  Volley  Clifford,  born  July  6. 
1897,  and  died  at  the  age  of  fifteen  months;  David 
Bernard,  born  August  8,  1902. 


S.  LESLIE  THOMPSON,  one  of  the  old  time 
business  operators  in  Lewiston,  where  for  fifteen  years 
he  was  in  one  establishment,  a  genial  and  capable 
business  man,  is  now  one  of  the  firm  of  Fair  &  Thomp- 
son, art  dealers  in  Lewiston.  Mr.  Thompson  is  also 
city  treasurer  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  highly 
esteemed  men  of  the  city. 

S.  Leslie  Thompson  was  born  in  Proctorsville.  Ver- 
mont, on  October  i,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Samuel 
L.  and  Alsada  E.  (Flint)  Thompson.  The  father  was 
born  in  New  Braintree,  Massachusetts,  in  1843,  en~ 
listed  in  the  Fourth  Vermont  Infantry,  on  September 
17,  1861,  and  was  discharged  on  May  i,  1862,  on  ac- 
count of  disability.  Mr.  Thompson  came  west  and  is 
now  justice  of  the  peace  in  Lewiston.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Oakham,  Massachusetts,  and 
died  in  1890.  The  father's  people  are  Scotch  and 
English  'and  the  mother's  ancestors  were  Scotch.  Our, 
subject  grew  to  young  manhood  in  Massachusetts  and 
there  received  his  education.  When  twenty,  he  came 
to  Lewiston,  and  in  1886  engaged  with  the  firm  of 
Vent  &  Butler,  remaining  in  their  drug  store  for  fifteen 
years.  This  excellent  service  demonstrates  the  stability 
and  good  business  qualities  of  Mr.  Thompson  and  he 
has  won  a  position  in  the  business  and  social  realm 
of  Lewiston  that  is  highly  enviable.  In  1901,  Mr. 
Thompson  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Fair  and 
opened  his  present  business,  where  he  is  having  a 
thriving  patronage  and  is  being  prospered.  He 
handles  all  lines  of  art  goods  and  artists'  materials  and 
supplies  and  is  also  doing  a  good  trade  in  Indian 
curios  and  selected  goods. 


On  November  16,  1892,  Mr.  Thompson  married 
Ida  Bunnell  Walker,  daughter  of  D.  L.  Bunnell,  a 
well  known  hardware  merchant  of  Lewiston.  Mr. 
Bunnell  was  born  in  New  York  and  died  in  1888.  He 
was  a  pioneer  of  Oregon.  Mrs.  Thompson  was  born 
in  Oregon  in  1863  and  has  one  brother,  Oscar  C. 
Mr.  Thompson  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters, 
Moses  W.,  William  H.,  Hattie  Mudge,  Ella  M.  Snell. 
William  H.  is  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire 
legislature.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Thompson,  Waldo  B.,  aged  eight,  and  Edith, 
aged  six.  Mr.  Thompson  is  fraternally  allied  with 
the  K.  P.  and  the  W.  W.  He  is  a  Republican  and 
active  in  the  campaigns. 


J.  SMITH  MOUNCE,  one  of  the  heavy  real 
estate  owners  in  Nez  Perces  county,  has  shown  him- 
self to  be  one  of  the  substantial  and  capable  men  of 
the  entire  county  and  is  respected  and  esteemed  by 
all.  His  estate  of  nine  hundred  and  sixty  acres  lies 
four  miles  southeast  of  Lewiston,  and  is  well  improved 
and  handled  to  the  best  advantage  to  bring  fine  re- 
turns to  its  proprietor.  The  nucleus  of  this  fine  do- 
main was  a  pre-emption  that  Mr.  Mounce  took  in  1886. 
He  now  devotes  the  large  tracts  to  wheat,  barley  and 
other  crops  and  raises  fine  Jersey  cattle,  having  also 
operated  a  dairy  for  many  years.  He  has  made  a 
praiseworthy  success  of  his  endeavors  in  the  line  of 
the  business  world  and  is  deserving  of  credit  not  only 
in  this  particular  field  but  also  for  the  manly  way  in 
which  he  has  conducted  himself,  and  the  integrity  he 
has  shown,  always  having  the  courage  of  his  con- 
victions and  not  being  afraid  to  show  his  principles. 

Reverting  to  the  details  of  his  life,  we  note  that 
Mr.  Mounce  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Iowa,  on  April 
22,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Priscilla  Mounce, 
natives  of  Indiana  and  Ohio,  respectively.  The  father 
was  born  on  April  23,  1824.  and  was  a  stockman 
and  farmer.  His  parents,  Smith  and  Elizabeth 
M'ounce,  were  early  pioneers  of  Iowa.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  on  February  27,  1831,  and 
died  in  April,  1899.  J.  Smith  remained  at  home  and 
received  his  education  from  the  country  schools :  when 
he  became  of  age  took  charge  of  the  farm  until  he  was 
twenty-five.  Then  he  married  and  started  for  him- 
self. Rented  a  farm  for  a  time  and  in  the  fall  of  1879, 
he  came  to  Clark  county,  Washington,  where  he  bought 
land  and  tilled  it  for  two  years  or  more,  then  sold  it 
and  worked  in  a  shingle  mill  and  then  came  to  Nez 
Perces  county.  It  was  March,  1882,  that  he  landed 
here  and  with  his  brother,  Eben,  he  farmed  for  three 
years.  He  took  up  a  preemption  in  the  second  year, 
which  is  a  part  of  the  home  place  now,  as  mentioned 
above.  It  was  in  1886  that  he  removed  to  this  place 
to  remain  and  he  has  been  here  ever  since. 

On  March  20,  1879,  Mr-  Mounce  married  Miss 
Mollie,  daughter  of  George  O.,  born  on  January  28, 
1819,  and  Harriet  (Wyckoff)  Smith  born  February 
i,  1825,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Illinois,  respectively. 
Mrs.  Mounce  was  born  in  Benton  countv,  Iowa,  in 


J.  SMITH  MOUNCE. 


MRS.  J.  SMITH  MOUNCE. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1861  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Sam- 
uel S.  and  Hugh  M.,  Nancy,  Ellen  Harris,  Lida 
Ward.  Mr.  Mounce  has  brothers  and  sisters  as 
follows:  Isora,  Eben,  Ida,  Clara  Goodnight,  Lafay- 
•ette,  Harriett  Ruddell,  Edith  Ruddell,  Effie  May  and 
Eva  Gay,  twins,  who  died  in  infancy.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Mounce  there  have  been  born  the  following 
children :  Guy  C.,  Beatrice,  Carl  R.,  and  Virna  Mil- 
dred. The  two  older  children  are  attending  the  state 
normal  at  Lewiston.  Mr.  Mounce  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.  and  the  R.  N.  of  A.  Mrs.  Mounce  also 
belongs  to  the  last  named  order.  He  and  his  estim- 
able wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church  and 
they  are  devout  supporters  of  the  faith.  In  1900  and 
1902  Mr.  Mounce  was  nominated  for  county  commis- 
sioner by  the  Prohibition  party.  He  is  an  advocate 
of  good  schools  and  always  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
advancement  of  the  interests  of  his  county.  Mr. 
Mounce  had  three  uncles  on  his  mother's  side  and 
two  on  his  father's  who  fought  for  the  Union  in  the 
Civil  war. 

Mrs.  Mounce's  mother,  who  died  on  May  i,  1895, 
and  her  father,  whose  death  occurred  in  1897,  came 
to  Clark  county,  Washington,  in  1879. 


ROSS  S.  BABCOCK.  This  well  known  young 
business  man  has  formed  a  partnership  with  George 
Horseman  and  they  handle  the  Morrow  hotel  and  bar, 
where  they  do  a  prosperous  business  and  operate  a 
house  that  furnishes  good  accommodations  for  the 
public. 

Ross  S.  Babcock  was  born  in  Broadhead,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  September  27,  1876,  being  the  son  of  George 
S.  B.  and  Elmina  (Mattock)  Babcock.  The  father, 
a  farmer  and  cooper,  resides  near  Forest.  He  was 
born  in  Courtland  county,  New  York,  on  August  20, 
1834.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Green  county,  Wisconsin, 
and  his  father,  Reuben  Babcock,  a  farmer  in  New 
York,  was  a  captain  and  drill  master  in  the  war  of 
1812.  Our  subject's  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil 
war  for  four  years  and  received  an  honorable  dis- 
charge. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania; her  parents  were  Daniel  and  Elizabeth 
(Hayes)  Mattock,  natives  all  of  Pennsylvania.  Our 
subject  grew  to  the  age  of  twelve  in  Wisconsin  and 
then  the  father  sold  out  and  came  to  Walla  Walla, 
•whence  he  came  by  team  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  on 
April  7,  1889,  settled  on  his  present  place  near 
Forest.  Ross's.,  was  reared  and  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  here,  after  which  he  took  a  three  years' 
course  in  the  Adventist  college  of  Walla  Walla.  In 
1892,  he  came  from  the  college  and  went  to  riding  the 
range  with  stock.  He  also  prospected  and  mined  in  the 
Deer  creek  camp  and  other  places  and  still  has 
properties  here.  Mr.  Babcock  also  farmed  and  later 
formed  the  partnership  mentioned  above  and  is  now 
operating  the  hotel  and  bar.  He  has  two  sisters  and 
two  brothers,  George  I.,  Charles  R.,  Esther  V.  Olson, 
Florence  Rice.  Mr.  Babcock  is  allied  with  the  Re- 
publican party  but  is  an  independent  thinker  and 


selects  the  man  rather  than  the  party.  He  is  a  warm 
advocate  of  good  schools  and  all  public  enterprises 
that  are  calculated  to  bring  prosperity  and  advance- 


EDSON  D.  BRIGGS,  the  big  hearted,  sociable  and 
popular  county  surveyor  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  city 
engineer  of  Lewiston,  is  kept  constantly  in  office  on 
account  of  his  excellent  work,  his  fine  ability,  his  com- 
prehensive and  thorough  knowledge  and  his  efficiency 
and  faithfulness  in  discharging  any  duty  that  is  incum- 
bent upon  him.  These  combined  qualities,  together 
with  his  integrity,  sound  principles,  and  clean  walk 
have  made  him  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  county 
and  on  account  of  his  extensive  work  in  the  northwest, 
he  is  well  known  and  prominent  over  a  large  field. 

Edson  D.  Briggs  was  born  in  Franklin,  Vermont, 
on  March  8,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Erasmus  D.  and 
Paulina  (Truex)  Briggs.  The  father  was  bom  in 
Franklin,  Vermont,  in  1812  and  died  in  1882,  being 
from  an  old  and  prominent  Vermont  family.  The 
mother  was  born  in  lower  Canada  in  1828  and  died  in 
1 86 1.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  Vermont  Uni- 
versity, paying  especial  attention  to  surveying  and  civil 
engineering.  When  twenty,  his  stirring  spirit  led 
him  to  the  west  and  he  was  soon  in  government  work 
in  Washington.  He  surveyed  all  of  Whitman,  Asotin, 
and  Adams  counties,  also  much  other  lands.  In  1882 
he  went  to  Garfield  county  and  was  promptly  elected 
county  surveyor  on  the  Republican  ticket,  and  he  re- 
mained there  in  office  until  1889.  In  that  year  he 
came  to  Lewiston  and  took  a  position  on  the  govern- 
ment survey  of  the  reservation,  where  he  was  engaged 
for  four  years.  He  also  surveyed  the  battle  grounds 
of  the  Nez  Perces  war  on  the  Whitebird  and  other 
places.  In  1898,  he  was  nominated  as  county  surveyor 
and  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket,  although  the 
ticket  was  turned  down  in  many  respects.  At  the  close 
of  that  term,  he  was  promptly  elected  and  is  still  hold- 
ing that  important  position  as  also  that  of  city  en- 

On  March  20,  1880,  at  Lewiston,  Mr.  Briggs  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Georgia  Carter,  widow  of  Lewis  M.  Carter, 
whose  father  Mr.  Benton  is  a  Methodist  preacher. 
Mrs.  Briggs  was  born  in  Indiana,  as  were  her  parents, 
and  she  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Helen 
Johnson,  Mary  Johnson,  Joel  H.,  Mrs.  W.  F.  Kitten- 
baugh.  Mr.  Briggs  has  one  brother  and  one  sister, 
Sewall,  Bertha  Anderson.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
this  union,  Grace  Maurice  Briggs,  who  graduated  from 
the  state  normal  school  in  Lewiston,  Idaho,  in  June, 
1903.  Mr.  Briggs  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason  and 
the  youngest  ever  made,  it  being  done  by  special  dis- 
pensation when  he  was  twenty-two,  while  the  required 
age  is  thirty-five.  Mrs.  Briggs  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church. 

Mr.  Briggs  had  two  uncles  and  cousins  killed  in 
the  Civil  war.  His  great-grandfather,  Elias  Tinexst, 
was  born  in  1772  and  died  one  hundred  and  three  years 
later.  He  read  the  declaration  of  independence  on  the 
fourth  when  he  was  one  hundred  years  old.  It  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


his  desire  to  live  to  celebrate  the  one  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  inpedendence  but  he  died  a  little  too  soon, 
but  being  an  aged  and  stanch  patriot. 


JAMES  W.  BANKS.  A  true  exemplification  of 
that  thrift  and  industry  that  gives  as  its  meed  the  grat- 
ifying success  so  prized  by  all,  a  man  of  energy  and 
sound  principles,  a  citizen  of  worth  and  patriotism,  it 
is  fitting  to  grant  a  review  of  the  career  of  the  esteemed 
gentleman  whose  name  appears  above. 

James  W.  Banks  was  born  in  Kansas  City,  Mis- 
souri, on  February  21,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Absalom 
and  Susan  (Little)  Banks.  The  father  was  born  in 
North  Carolina  in  1826,  farmed  in  Iowa  and  Missouri 
and  settled  in  Nez  Perces  county  in  the  fall  of  1901. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Henry  county,  Kentucky.  Our 
subject  was  reared  in  Iowa  and  there  received  his  edu- 
cation. His  parents  were  his  companions  until  he  was 
twenty  and  then  he  began  to  step  "forth  into  the  world 
for  himself.  He  farmed  in  Iowa  for  a  time  and  in 
1895,  removed  to  Missouri  and  farmed  until  October 
26,  1901,  when  he  settled  on  his  present  place  about 
three  miles  southeast  from  Ilo.  He  has  a  quarter  sec- 
tion of  good  land,  has  devoted  himself  to  its  improve- 
ment and  takes  great  pride  in  having  everything  thrifty 

On  September  25,  1881,  Mr.  Banks  married  Miss 
Milley  N.,  daughter  of  Warren  and  Evelyn  (Boulds) 
Phillips,  natives  of  Greene  county,  Kentucky,  on  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1823,  and  May  n,  1831,  respectively.  Mrs. 
Banks  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Dabney 
A.,  Ermine  Myres,  James,  Richard,  Lou,  Mary  E. 
Mr.  Banks  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters :  George  W.,  Andrew,  Isabelle  Egerton,  Mary 
Simmons,  Cora  J.  Miller.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Banks 
have  been  born  eight  children,  Carrie  Cox,  Warren 
A.,  Myrtle  E.,  deceased,  Edith,  Ethel,  Albert,  Lenore, 
Elias  M.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Banks  are  adherents  of  the  Ad- 
ventist  church  and  he  is  a  Democrat  in  political  alli- 
ances. 


MATHIAS  BUECHLER.  This  well-to-do  and 
representative  farmer  of  Nez  Perces  county  is  also 
one  of  the  stanch  and  unswerving  supporters  of  our 
free  institutions,  having  demonstrated  on  the  field  of 
blood  his  love  for  the  land  of  freedom  which  he  has 
chosen  as  his  .own.  Mr.  Buechler  was  born  in  Luxem- 
burg, Germany,  on  January  2,  1832,  being  the  son  of 
Peter  and  Katherine  (Stein)  Buechler,  also  natives  of 
Germany,  where  they  repose  in  the  cemetery  in  Lux- 
emburg. Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native  vil- 
lage and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  started  in  life  for 
himself,  working  for  the  farmers  of  the  vicinity.  He 
afterwards  learned  the  cooper  trade  and  also  became  a 
wagon  maker  and  pump  maker.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
years,  he  was  ready  for  the  new  world,  and  according- 
ly came  hither,  locating  first  in  St.  Louis,  where  he 
turned  his  hand  to  various  occupations  for  a  time  and 
then  learned  the  machinist  trade  and  worked  for  two 


years  in  the  shops,  also  ran  an  engine  until  1884,  in 
which  year  he  came  west  to  Nez  Perces  county  and 
bought  the  quarter  section  where  he  now  lives,  five 
miles  south  from  Genesee.  He  has  given  his  attention 
to  farming  here  for  the  intervening  time,  achieving 
good  success.  He  has  his  farm  well  improved  with 
fine  house,  barn,  out  buildings,  orchard,  etc. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Buechler  and  Miss  Gesine, 
daughter  of  Gearhard  and  Sophie  (Hemi)  Easan,  was 
celebrated  in  1863  and  they  have  been-  blessed  by  the 
advent  of  the  following  children,  Henry  C,  married  to 
Minnie  Quacle,  and  living  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri; 
George  H.,  married  to  Cora  McNare  and  living  in  Den- 
ver, Colorado;  August  W.,  Robert  H.,  Sophie,  the  last 
three  being  at  home  with  the  parents.  Mrs.  Buechler's 
parents  were  natives  of  North  Germany  and  came  to 
America,  locating  in  St.  Louis,  where  their  death  oc- 
curred. Mr.  Buechler  is  a  member  of  the  order,  known 
as  the  Sons  of  Herman,  Lodge  No.  15,  in  St.  Louis. 
He  and  his  family  affiliate  with  the  Lutheran  church. 

In  September,  1861,  Mr.  Buechler  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany E,  First  Missouri  Light  Artillery,  under  Captain 
Charles  Mann.  His  company  was  kept  in  Missouri  un- 
til February,  1862,  when  he  was  sent  to  Fort  Donel- 
son,  thence  to  Fort  Henry  and  to  Pittsburg  Landing; 
at  the  battle  of  Shiloh  he  was  severely  wounded  and 
was  kept  on  the  field  for  eleven  days,  being  unconscious 
the  entire  time.  When  he  could  be  moved,  he  was 
taken  to  St.  Louis  and  there  under  a  private  surgeon, 
he  recovered  and  again  joined  his  company,  but  after 
one  week  was  sent  to  the  hospital  and  then  received 
an  honorable  discharge  September  18,  1862.  His 
military  career  displays  great  courage  and  bravery  on 
his  part  and  is  one  of  credit  to  him  and  his  family. 


BENJAMIN  &  JOHN  DILL,  who  compose  the 
firm  of  Dill  Brothers,  operating  a  prosperous  and 
popular  meat  market  in  Lewiston,  are  well  known  and 
thorough  business  men  and  are  among  the  leaders, 
being  of  excellent  standing  both  in  the  social  and  busi- 

They  are  both  natives  of  Ireland,  Benjamin  being 
born  in  1860.  John  came  to  this  country  with  his 
father  and  Benjamin  with  his  mother  a  year  later,  he 
being  then  eighteen.  The  parents  are  John  and  Anne 
(Forrest)  Dill,  also  natives  of  Cork,  Ireland.  The 
father  came  to  the  United  States  in  1877,  took  a  home- 
stead in  Asotin  county,  being  one  of  the  few  first 
settlers  who  dared  to  face  the  Indians  and  settle.  Dur- 
ing the  war  of  1877,  he  remained  on  his  ranch.  A 
facetious  scout  put  war  paint  and  arrows  on  Mr. 
Dill's  door  in  his  absence,  but  he  broke  the  arrows  and 
showed  his  defiance.  He  died  in  1884.  The  mother 
now  dwells  with  her  sons.  As  soon  as  Benjamin 
came  here  he  at  once  went  to  work  for  the  Clendening 
and  Dubuc  meat  market,  known  as  the  old  Boss  mar- 
ket, and  there  he  remained  for  twelve  years,  or  until 
1897.  Then  came  a  trip  to  Europe  and  upon  his  re- 
turn he  took  the  Klondyke  fever  seriously  and  the  only 
cure  seemed  to  be  a  trip  to  that  section.  He  went, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


155 


wrought  in  the  mines  faithfully  and  came  away  with 
fifty  thousand  dollars  worth  of  fine  experience  but 
with  no  augmentation  as  to  his  finances.  Returning  to 
Lewiston,  he  bought  his  present  place  of  business  and 
settled  down  to  it.  His  tact,  his  affability  and  his 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  business  soon  brought  him 
a  large  patronage  and  he  took  in  his  brother,  John,  as 
partner.  John  Dill  had  been  deputy  postmaster  for  five 
years,  being  under  both  Democratic  and  Republican 
regimes.  He  was  clerk  of  the  court-  in  Asotin  county 
and  is  an  active  Republican.  Benjamin  is  not  so  active 
in  political  matters  but  is  always  in  favor  of  the  best 
men  and  sound  principles.  They  are  both  experienced 
business  men,  of  excellent  capabilities,  are  favored 
with  a  thriving  patronage  and  stand  among  the  most 
prosperous  and  leading  business  men  of  the  city. 

Benjamin  Dill  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason  and 
has  taken  all  the  degrees  in' the  I.  O.  O.  F.  They  own 
property  outside  of  their  meat  business. 

The  other  children  of  the  family  are  mentioned  as 
follows,  Mary  Dubuc,  in  Lewiston;  Maggie  Dunn,  in 
Portland;  Sallie  Campbell,  Asotin,  Washington; 
Bryan,  in  San  Francisco ;  Daniel  J.,  on  the  coast. 

It  is  of  note  that  Judge  D.  J.  Murphy,  who  tried 
the  famous  Durant  murder  case,  is  a  cousin  of  our  sub- 
ject's father.  Now  Judge  Murphy  is  one  of  the  prom- 
inent men  of  the  Pacific  coast. 


JOSEPH  L.  MEEK,  JR.,  the  son  of  the  historical 
character,  Hon.  Joseph  Meek,  whose  life's  history  is 
mentioned  in  this  volume,  a  farmer  two  miles  west 
from  Fletcher,  a  man  of  integrity  and  sound  principles, 
and  withal  a  patriotic  and  enterprising  citizen,  it  is 
fitting  that  we  should  accord  this  gentleman  representa- 
tion in  the  volume  of  his  county's  history. 

Joseph  L.  Meek  was  born  four  miles  north  from 
Hillsboro,  Washington  county,  Oregon,  on  October  6, 
1855.  His  father,  Hon.  Joseph  L.  Meek  and  his  mother 
Virginia,  are  well  known  and  will  be  specifically  men- 
tioned elsewhere.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  in  his 
native  place,  gained  a  good  country  schooling  and  re- 
mained there  until  1890.  Then  he  removed  to  Glen- 
coe  and  in  1895  came  to  the  Nez  Perces  country.  His 
family  came  on  to  the  allotment  in  the  spring  of  1896 
and  this  has  been  the  home  since  that  time. 

On  June  26,  1895,  in  Glencoe,  Washington  county, 
Oregon,  Mr.  Meeks  married  Miss  Catherine,  daughter 
of  John  F.  and  Rachel  (Robison)  Anderson.  The  fa- 
ther was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  on  December 
23,  1850,  came  to  New  York  when  a  child,  and  was 
raised  in  New  York.  Ten  years  were  spent  in  Iowa, 
nine  years  in  Nebraska  and  in  1891  he  came  to  Oregon. 
Since  1898,  he  has  lived  in  the  vicinity  of  Fletcher. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Meek  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  Sep- 
tember 21,  1850.  Mrs.  Meek  has  brothers  and  sisters, 
named  as  follows,  Uriah,  Joseph  S.,  Norah  J.  Shinn, 
Clark  W.,  deceased,  Grover  F.,  Clyde  R.,  Arthur.  Mr. 
Meek  has  a  good  house  and  outbuildings,  a  nice  home 
orchard,  farms  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land 
and  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  men  of  the  country.  He  is 


affiliated  with  the  W.  W.  and  in  political  relations  is 
a  Republican. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meeks  have  been  born  the  follow- 
ing children:  Martin  F.,  born  September  17,  1897; 
Virginia  M.,  born  August  12,  1899,  died  January  i, 
1901 ;  Joseph  L.,  born  October  16,  1901. 


SAMUEL  M.  CRAWFORD,  a  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  who  lives  three  miles  north  from  Morrow,  is 
one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  section  and  came  to 
the  reservation  at  its  opening,  took  a  farm  which  he 
sold  later  and  moved  to  his  present  place.  He  is  an 
upright  man,  a  good  Democrat,  as  were  his  ancestors 
before  him,  and  he  is  thoroughly  grounded  in  the  old 
Jeffersonian  principles. 

Samuel  M.  Crawford  was  born  in  Marion  county, 
Oregon,  on  February  n,  1867.  His  parents,  James 
and  Lucetta  (Lennon)  Crawford,  were  born  in  Indi- 
ana, the  father  in  1840  and  the  mother  in  1842.  They 
were  pioneers  in  Oregon,  settling  in  the  Willamette 
valley  in  1863.  The  paternal  grandfather  was  a  Ken- 
tuckian  and  his  wife  was  born  in  Indiana.  The 
mother's  parents  were  early  pioneers  in  Iowa.  When 
Samuel  was  five  the  family  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Day- 
ton, Washington,  and  there  he  was  educated  and  grew 
to  manhood,  laboring  with  his  father  on  the  farm. 
He  remained  there  until  1893  and  then  went  to  Latah 
county  and  farmed  for  two  years.  Mr.  Crawford 
raises  diversified  crops  and  handles  a  good  many 
horses.  He  is  a  thrifty  and  skillful  farmer  and  is  be- 
ing prospered. 

On  March  21,  1893,  in  Juliaetta,  Latah  county, 
Mr.  Crawford  married  Jane,  the  daughter  of  James 
Thornton,  a  farmer  at  Elgin,  Oregon.  He  was  a  pio- 
neer of  this  northwestern  country  and  packed  to  vari- 
ous camps.  He  also  assisted  to  build  old  fort  Lapwai, 
rafting  the  timbers  down  the  river.  Mrs.  Crawford 
was  born  in  the  Willamette  valley  in  1867  and  has 
three  brothers  and  three  sisters,  Orie,  Sude,  Ida,  Otes, 
William  and  Herbert.  Air.  Crawford  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  William,  James,  Abner, 
John,  Anna,  Sarah,  Florence.  Five  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crawford,  James,  Arthur, 
Charles,  Samuel  and  Mabel. 


SIMON  NELLSEN.  The  pluck  and  spirit  of  our 
subject  is  shown  in  his  arduous  labor  which  in  the  face 

out  of  failure  and  victory  out  of  defeat.  He  is  now 
one  of  the  substantial  and  well-to-do  farmers  of  his 
section  and  a  man  of  good  standing. 

Simon  Nellsen  was  born  in  Winneshiek  county, 
Iowa,  on  October  24,  1866,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  (Hammer)  Nellsen.  The  father,  who  was 
born  in  Germany,  June,  1808,  was  a  pioneer  in  Wis- 
consin, and  died  on  February  28,  1897.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Austria  and  died  September 
n,  1882.  The  following  named  children  were  born 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  them.  Nicholas,  Joseph,  Drina,  died  when  she  was 
young,  Simon,  Henry,  John,  Frances,  Elizabeth.  Our 
subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  place 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty-two.  Then 
he  went  to  do  for  himself,  and  took  up 
the  business  of  baling  hay.  He  followed  it 
for  nine  years  and  did  well,  but  finally  a 
crash  came  and  he  lost  all.  He  was  not  to  be  discour- 
aged, however,  and  came  west  with  the  determination 
to  dig  out  another  fortune  and  at  once  set  himself  to 
the  task.  He  started  cutting  cord  wood  near  Walla 
Walla,  then  harvested,  and  at  the  opening  of  the  reser- 
vation he  came  hither  and  secured  a  quarter  section 
about  four  miles  northwest  from  Morrow.  He  has 
twenty-five  acres  of  meadow  and  one  hundred  and 
twenty  fenced.  In  addition  to  this  land,  Mr.  Nellsen 
and  his  brother  John,  who  is  in  partnership  with  him, 
rent  three  hundred  acres  on  Mason  prairie  which 
they  farm  to  the  cereals.  He  threshed  about  five  thou- 
sand bushels  of  grain  this  year,  including  oats,  barley, 
flax,  timothy  seed  and  so  forth. 

When  Mr.  Nellsen  and  his  brother  started  here 
they  had  a  capital  of  twenty-five  cents  cash  and  an 
unlimited  amount  of  pluck  and  courage.  The  former 
has  increased  until  they  have  a  fine  holding  of  land, 
farm  stock  and  tools  and  are  prosperous,  but  their 
courage  is  none  the  less  abated,  and  could  hardly  be 
increased.  They  are  men  of  good  standing  and  vote 
for  the  man  rather  than  the  party. 


WILLIAM  H.  ABEL.  Among  the  enterprising 
men  of  the  reservation  country  and  one  who  has  done 
a  goodly  part  in  its  development,  being  also  a  man  of 
stability  and  good  talent,  is  mentioned  above  and  with 
pleasure  we  grant  him  consideration  in  the  history  of 
northern  Idaho.  He  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  April  7,  1866,  being  the  son  of  John 
A.  and  Sarah  (Lucas)  Abel,  natives  of  Greene  county. 
The  father  took  his  family  to  Wayne  county,  Iowa,  in 
1869,  being  one  of  the  pioneers  of  that  section.  He 
descended  from  a  prominent  and  old  Dutch  family. 
The  mother  died  in  Iowa,  on  May  9,  1897.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  and  educated  in  Iowa,  remaining  with 
his  parents  until  seventeen.  Then  he  farmed  in  South 
Dakota  and  reached  the  Sound  country  in  1892.  He 
followed  the  restaurant  business  in  Olympia  two  years 
and  then  came  to  Oakesdale,  Washington,  after  which 
he  visited  California,  and  on  August  8,  1896,  took  up 
his  abode  on  his  present  place,  two  and  one  half  miles 
east  from  Fletcher.  Final  proof  was  made  on  this 
land,  on  December  21,  1901.  Mr.  Abel  owns  eighty 
acres  of  fine  land  and  raises  horses.  He  also  handles 
three  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  Indian  land,  doing 
general  farming.  About  five  miles  northwest  from 
Fletcher,  Mr.  Abel  is  constructing  a  new  sawmill  on  a 
quarter  section  of  valuable  yellow  pine  land.  He  is 
an  enterprising  and  skillful  man  in  business  and  stands 
well  in  the  county.  Mr.  Abel  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters,  John  A.,  in  Wayne  county,  Iowa ; 
Mary  E.  Casad,  whose  husband  is  editor  of  the  Hub- 


ble Standard  and  pastmaster  at  Hubble,  Nebraska; 
James  T.,  in  Wayne  county;  Eliza  J.  Ellis,  in  Ohio; 
Alford,  McClellan,  hardware  merchant  in  Corydon, 
Iowa;  Leonard  A.,  sergeant  in  Company  F,  Four- 
teenth United  States  Infantry.  He  was  in  the  battle 
of  Manila  and  took  part  in  the  attack  on  Pekin  at  the 
time  of  its  fall.  Mr.  Abel  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W., 
Phiney  Camp,  No.  492.  He  is  allied  with  the  Demo- 
crats in  politics.  Mr!  Abel  is  still  listed  with  the  jolly 
bachelors  and  is  content  with  the  retired  life  and  mod- 
est joys  of  the  celibatarian. 


WILLIAM  J.  GREEN  was  born  in  Kansas,  on 
March  22,  1871,  being  the  son  of  William  J.  and  Vir- 
ginia (Powell)  Green,  natives  of  Georgia  and  Vir- 
ginia, respectively,  and  now  living  near  Cavendish. 
The  father  is  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction  and  the 
mother  •  is  descended  from  Welsh-Scotch  ancestors. 
Our  subject  was  raised  in  Kansas  until  twenty 
and  also  received  her  education  there.  Then 
he  came  to  Vollmer,  whither  his  brother  had 
preceded  him  by  five  years.  In  1897  Mr. 
Green  took  up  his  present  place,  three  and  one-half 
miles  west  from  Cavendish.  The  land  is  in  dispute 
as  to  whether  it  is  in  the  reservation  or  not  and  the 
matter  will  be  settled  next  year.  Mr.  Green  has  a 
quarter  section  and  raises  cereals  and  flax.  He  also 
rents  forty  acres  which  is  farmed  to  flax.  He  has  a 
fine  young  orchard,  raises  stock  and  is  now  the  owner 
of  a  number  of  head  of  cattle  and  horses.  Mr.  Green 
has  four  brothers,  Frank,  Joseph,  Daniel,  Edward,  and 
three  sisters,  Elizabeth  Harris,  Alice  Harris,  Jennie 
Horton. 

In  the  fall  of  1892,  Mr.  Green  married  Miss  Mattie 
F.,  daughter  of  Thomas  B.  and  Huldah  (Queener) 
Hill,  natives  of  Georgia  and  Virginia,  respectively. 
The  father  died  in  1897  but  the  mother  lives  in  Lata'h 
county.  Mrs.  Green  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  Frank,  George,  John,  Senebar,  Louisa  Roberts, 
Hattie  Smith,  Delia  Ray  and  Nora.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.'  and  Mrs.  Green,  Catherine, 
Wilma,  and  Carman.  Mr.  Green  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  Le  Baron  Camp  at  Cavendish.  In  political 
matters  he  is  a  Democrat  and  one  of  the  active  men  of 
this  section. 


CHARLES  S.  INGLE.  A  son  of  the  west  and  a 
practical  product  of  Nez  Perces  county,  the  young 
man  whose  name  heads  this  article  is  one  who  has 
labored  faithfully  here  in  the  work  of  development 
and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  enterprising  farmers 
and  fruit  men  of  the  vicinity  of  Genesee,  his  farm  of 
eighty  acres  being  located  five  miles  south  from  that 
town,  where  also  he  rents  between  two  and  three  hun- 
dred acres  besides,  which  he  farms  to  the  cereals,  rais- 
ing also  some  stock.  Charles  S.  was  born  in  Ada 
county,  Idaho,  on  June  23,  1876,  being  the  son  of 
William  A.  and  Malinda  (Voding)  Ingle,  natives  re- 
spectively of  Arkansas  and  Missouri.  The  parents 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


'57 


came  west  and  permanently  located  in  Nez  Perces 
county  where  they  are  living  now,  and  here  our  sub- 
ject received  his  early  education  in  the  district  schools, 
later  attending  the  Genesee  schools  and  the.Lewiston 
high  school,  where  he  graduated  in  1897.  After  school 
days  were  over,  Mr.  ingle  went  to  farming,  leasing 
a  piece  of  land  and  in  1899  he  leased  two  hundred  and 
thirty-five  acres,  which  he  still  works.  In  addition  to 
his  general  farming,  he  raises  some  horses,  cattle  and 
hogs  and  last  year  he  marketed  eight  hundred  boxes 
of  apples  besides  much  plums,  prunes,  apricots,  and 
cherries  as  well  as  small  fruits. 

In  1899  occurred  the  happy  event  of  the  marriage 
of  Mr.  Ingle  and  Miss  Matilda,  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
Mattie  (Toskey)  Tonning,  who  lived  in  Genesee.  Our 
subject  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Maud 
L.,  married  to  T-  F.  Willows  and  living  in  Nez  Perces 
county;  Thomas  E.,  Bonnie,  Minnie  and  Iva.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Ingle  are  members  of  the  United  Artisans 
and  Mrs.  Ingle  is  a  member  of  the  English  Lutheran 
church.  In  politics,  Mr.  Ingle  is  a  Democrat  and  al- 
ways takes  the  interest  that  becomes  an  intelligent  citi- 
zen in  the  affairs  of  government.  He  has  been  elected 
to  the  important  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  for  two 
terms  and  his  faithful  service  gives  general  satis- 
faction. Mr.  Ingle  is  a  man  of  ability  and  vigor  and 
is  dominated  with  a  high  order  of  wisdom  and  honor 
and  is  well  liked  among  his  fellows. 


CYRUS  NORTON  lives  about  four  miles  south- 
west from  Morrow  and  has  a  good  place  which  he  se- 
cured by  homestead  right  in  1893.  He  raises  diversi- 
fied crops  and  handles  stock.  He  comes  from  one  of 
the  early  colonial  families  and  his  great-grandfather 
was  an  officer  in  the  Revolution,  serving  with  the 
Green  Mountain  boys.  They  came  from  English  an- 
cestry and  were  men  of  patriotism  and  strength  of 
character. 

Cyrus  Norton  was  born  in  Pike  county.  Illinois,  on 
Septe'mber  6,  1849,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  H.  and 
Emaline  (Davis)  Norton.  The  father  was  born  in 
Vermont,  January  8,  1819,  and  died  in  November, 
1901.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Detroit 
county,  Illinois,  and  died  in  1897.  In  1852  the  par- 
ents came  across  the  plains  with  ox  teams,  consuming 
six  months  in  the  trip.  They  settled  in  Marion  county 
and  our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  that  section.  He 
had  only  a  few  months  at  school  but  so  well  did  he 
improve'  the  opportunity  and  odd  moments  afterward 
that  he  gained  a  good  education.  He  remained  at  home 
most  of  the  time  until  he  was  twenty-five  and  then 
worked  for  a  time  in  the  iron  mines  in  Oswego,  Ore- 
gon. After  this  he  ranched  in  Marion  county  until 
1883,  then  moved  to  Whitman  county,  Washington, 
and  farmed  until  1893,  the  year  in  which  he  came  to* 
his  present  place,  which  is  well  improved,  has  com- 
fortable buildings  and  besides  which  Mr.  Norton  has 
an  interest  in  the  old  homestead  in  Oregon. 

On  December  27,  1877,  Mr.  Norton  married  Miss 
Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Christopher  and  Harriett  (Far- 
ley) Strohm.  The  father  was  born  in  Switzerland 


and  came  to  the  United  States  when  a  child  and  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Mexican  war.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Missouri.  Mrs.  Norton  was  born  in  Missouri,  on 
September  12,  1857,  and  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools.  She  has  six  brothers:  David  F.,  Peter  P., 
Cornelius  F.,  Christopher,  William  L.,  George  T.  Mr. 
Norton  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters : 
John,  Lafayette  W.,  William  S.,  Samuel.  Claude, 
Alice  A.,  all  in  Marion  county,  Oregon.  Four  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Norton :  Alphia 
A.,  Elsie  D.  Green,  Cora  B.,  Myrtle,  and  Hattie  E. 
Mrs.  Norton  and  her  daughters  are  members  of  the 
Christian  church.  He  has  served  as  deputy  county 
clerk  in  Marion  county  and  also  in  other  offices.  Mr. 
Norton  is  a  life-long  Democrat  of  the  Jeffersonian 
stripe.  He  is  an  active  laborer  for  good  schools  and 
believes  in  the  best  that  can  be  had.  In  1870-71  he 
traveled  extensively  in  eastern  Oregon  and  in  Idaho 
and  was  at  Pencileton  when  it  consisted  of  one  store. 


SCHUYLER  J.  ADAMS,  a  skillful  and  success- 
ful agriculturist  and  stockman,  resides  about  two  miles 
northeast  from  Morrow,  where  he  is  devoted  to  the 
enterprises  mentioned  and  where  he  manifests  those 
qualities  of  substantiality  and  worth  which  have  al- 
ways characterized  him  in  all  his  ways. 

Schuyler  J.  Adams  was  born  in  Oceana  county, 
Michigan,  on  March  25,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Simeon 
and  Lanah  (Schuyler)  Adams.  The  father  was  born 
in  Massachusetts  in  1832  and  died  in  1885,  February 
14.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Michigan  and  enlisted  in  the 
Twenty-second  Michigan  Cavalry  and  lost  his  arm  in 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Germany  and  came  with  her  parents  to 
Three  Mile  Bay,  Jefferson  county.  New  York.  In 
1871  our  subject  went  with  his  parents  to  Rice  county, 
Kansas,  and  six  years  later  he  returned  to  his  old 
home  in  Michigan,  where  he  remained  until  October 
6,  1885.  During  this  time  he  learned  the  trade  of  the 
engineer  and  at  the  date  mentioned  came  to  Portland, 
whence  one  year  later  he  went  to  Montana  with  a  train 
load  of  cattle.  He  returned  to  Walla  Walla  and  farmed 
until  1894,  in  which  year  he  went  to  Whitman  county 
near  Colfax  and  farmed  until  1896,  during  which  time 
he  came  to  his  present  place,  which  has  been  the  home 
since.  He  has  one  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  fine 
land,  well  improved  and  tilled  to  general  crops.  Mr. 
Adams  finds  the  country  well  adapted  to  oats,  timothy 
and  barley  and  feeds  the  products  to  his  stock,  having 
never  hauled  a  load  of  grain  to  market.  He  has  a 
good  residence  and  perhaps  as  fine  if  not  the  finest  barn 
on  the  reservation,  it  being  a  substantial  structure  forty 
by  sixty  and  well  finished.  Mr.  Adams  operated  the 
hotel  in  Morrow  for  a  time  and  spends  considerable 
time  there  for  the  benefit  of  the  schools  for  the  chil- 
dren. 

On  August  19,  1880,  Mr.  Adams  married  Miss 
Anna  Whitby,  who  died  in  •  1894,  leaving  one  child, 
Hattie  Maude.  Mr.  Adams  contracted  a  second  mar- 
riage, October  13,  1895,  the  lady  becoming  his  wife 
being  Jessie  M.  (Day)  Turner.  l!y  a  former  marriage 


158 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mrs.  Adams  has  two  children,  Elizabeth  Jane  and 
Georgia.  Mr.  Adams  has  the  following  named  broth- 
ers and  sisters:  Samantha  Knight,  Margaret  Knight, 
John  D.,  Samuel.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mrs. 
Adams  are  named  as  follows :  William  Day,  Margaret 
Barstow,  Joseph,  George  P.,  Anna,  Josephine,  Rob- 
ert, John,  Benjamin,  Chester,  Walter,  Grace,  Francis. 
JMr.  Adams  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  in  Morrow. 
He  is  constable  of  his  precinct  and  in  politics  is  a  Re- 
publican. Mr.  Adams  is  a  warm  advocate  of  good 
schools  and  has  done  all  in  his  power  for  the  better- 
ment of  educational  facilities. 


AMOS  K.  RICHARDSON.  Near  the  town  of 
Forest  lives  the  stockman  and  agriculturist  mentioned 
at  the  head  of  this  article  and  he  has  achieved  success 
in  the  business  world  and  is  considered  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  section. 

Amos  K.  Richardson  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Missouri,  on  March  24,  1839,  being  the  son  of  Aaron 
and  Nancy  (Brown)  Richardson,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky. The  father  was  born  in  1797  and  died  in  1884. 
He  was  a  pioneer  in  Missouri,  volunteered  to  go  in 
the  Mexican  war  but  did  not  get  to  the  front.  He 
came  to  Oregon  in  1846  and  participated  in  the  Rogue 
river  war.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
1799  and  died  in  1863.  Our  subject  came  to  Oregon 
overland  in  an  ox  train  with  his  parents  and  they  ex- 
perienced considerable  trouble  with  the  Indians  en- 
route.  After  six  months  of  hard  traveling  they  landed 
in  Yamhill  county  and  later  the  father  took  land  in 
Benton  county,  which  is  still  in  the  family.  Amos  K. 
grew  to  manhood  there  and  improved  the  scanty  oppor- 
tunity to  gain  an  education.  When  twenty-two  he 
began  to  work  for  himself  and  in  1879  he  settled  in  the 
vicinity  of  Colfax  and  there  farmed  for  fourteen  years. 
In  1893  he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  took  up 
land  on  Mission  creek  near  the  Catholic  mission.  In 
1901  he  came  to  his  present  place  on  the  Salmon.  He 
pays  attention  to  raising  stock  and  is  skillful  in  this 
occupation. 

In  1862  Mr.  Richardson  married  Miss  Julathia 
Cox,  who  died  in  1876,  leaving  four  children,  George 
B.,  Robert  B.,  Benjamin  and  Anna.  In  1879  Mr- 
Richardson  married  a  second  time  and  the  lady  of  his 
choice  was  Judith  Vallandingham  and  the  wedding  oc- 
curred in  Prineville,  Oregon.  Three  children  have 
been  born  to  this  union :  Ollie,  Clarence  and  Chauncey. 
Mr.  Richardson  has  four  brothers,  Hiram,  John  C, 
Richard,  Aaron.  Politically  Mr.  Richardson  is  a 
•  Democrat  and  takes  an  interest  in  the  questions  of  the 
day. 


JOHN  C.  LARKEE.  Everything  about  the 
premises  of  this  leading  farmer  and  fruit  raiser  indi- 
cates the  prosperity  and  plenty  that  comes  from  in- 
dustry and  thrift  bestowed  with  consummate  intelli- 
gence and  sagacity.  There  is  no  mistaking  the  sur- 
roundings, and  the  pleasant  home,  bright  family  and 


charming  wife  of  our  subject  are  but  proper  crowning 
to  his  integrity,  untiring  care  and  uprightness. 

John  C.  Larkee  was  born  in  Outagamie  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  February  6,  1865,  being  the  son  of 
Frederick  'and  Anna  (Anderson)  Larkee,  natives  of 
Denmark.  The  father  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1848,  sailed  on  the  lakes  for  two  years  and  now  lives 
with  our  subject.  The  mother  was  married  in  Wis- 
consin and  is  at  the  present  time  in  Minnesota  visiting 
with  a  son.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Wisconsin  un- 
til thirteen  and  gained  a  common  schooling,  then  came 
with  parents  to  Nebraska,  where  he  wrought  for  nine 
years.  In  1888  he  came  to  Washington,  traveled  about 
and  in  1890  went  to  the  Baptist  College  in  Colfax. 
In  1892  he  came  to  Leland  and  was  elected  road  over- 
seer. On  November  19,  1895,  Mr.  Larkee  filed  on  his 
present  place,  five  miles  northeast  from  Lenore  and 
since  then  he  has  bestowed  his  labors  with  wisdom 
here.  He  has  four  hundred  fine  bearing  fruit  trees 
and  some  of  the  finest  pears  and  apples  of  the  state  are 
his  to  enjoy  as  the  result  of  his  skill.  Mr.  Larkee  has 
a  beautiful  and  commodious  barn,  one  of  the  finest  in 
the  county  and  it  is  kept  in  an  orderly  manner.  He 
owns  doubtless  the  largest  horse  in  the  state,  the  mam- 
moth animal  standing  eighteen  and  three-fourths 
hands.  The  mate  to  this  animal  is  only  about  one  inch 
shorter.  Mr.  Larkee's  brothers  and  sisters  are  men- 
tioned as  follows-:  George,  James,  Steena  Hall,  Net- 
tie Standard,  Emma  Ross,  Esther  Standard. 

On  January  14,  1892,  at  Kendrick,  Mr.  Larkee 
married  Miss  Ella  I.,  daughter  of  Henry  D.  and  Mary 
E.  (Johnson)  Peden,  natives  of  Ohio.  They  now  live 
near  Leland.  The  father  was  born  on  January  12, 
1838,  and  served  three  years  in  the  Civil  war  in  Com- 
pany B,  Thirty-sixth  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He 
was  wounded  seriously  in  the  thigh  in  the  battle  of 
Missionary  Ridge.  They  came  to  Whitman  county  in 
1888.  The  mother  was  born  on  June  2,  1842,  and  is 
an  invalid.  Mrs.  Larkee  has  six  brothers  and  one 
sister,  Dora,  William  M.,  John,  Henry  W.,  James, 
Frederick  and  Walter.  Mr.  Larkee  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  and  they  both  are  members  of  the  Christian 
church.  Six  children  are  the  fruit  of  this  happy  mar- 
riage, Dora,  born  November  17,  1892;  Ralph,  born 
February  10,  1894;  Maude  M.,  born  March  2.  1896; 
Esther,  born  July  15,  1898 :  Mary,  born  February  21, 
1900;  Helen,  born  December  3,  1901. 


CHARLES  SCHWARTZ.  A  bright,  popular, 
industrious,  and  prosperous  agriculturist ;  a  man  of 
principle  and  integrity,  and  one  who  has  the  esteem  and 
confidence  of  all,  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  grant  to 

Charles  Schwartz  was  born  in  St.  Genevieve  coun- 
ty, Missouri,  on  January  4,  1862,  being  the  son  of 
Peter  and  Clara  (Pollitt)  Schwartz,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  Missouri,  respectively.  The  paternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Alsace-Lor- 
raine and  he  brought  his  family  to  Missouri  when 
Peter  Schwartz  was  a  small  boy.  The  latter  is  still 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


159 


farming  in  Missouri.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
called  to  depart  this  life  in  August,  1874.  Charles  was 
reared  in  Missouri  until  twenty-one,  gaining  his  edu- 
cation from  the  district  schools  during  the  winter 
months  of  his  first  fourteen  years  and  then  he  wrought 
with  his  father  until  he  was  twenty-one.  Then  he 
spent  one  year  in  Montana,  one  year  in  Portland,  and 
one  year  in  the  Grande  Ronde  valley.  He  then  settled 
near  Ritzville,  Washington,  and  took  a  timber  culture 
and  preemption.  Ten  years  later,  in  1896,  he  came  to 
the  reservation  and  filed  on  his  present  farm  of  eighty 
acres,  two  miles  northeast  from  Lenore.  His  brother, 
Anton,  has  a  quarter  section  adjoining.  Our  subject 
had  but  little  capital  when  he  settled,  the  first  year  the 
cattle  ate  his  small  crop,  which  necessitated  his  working 
in  the  harvest  fields  to  support  the  family.  He  did 
better  the  next  year  and  he  has  labored  on  successfully 
until  now  he  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  sec- 
tion. This  year  he  raised  over  one  thousand  bushels 
of  onions,  one  hundred  and  twenty  sacks  01  potatoes 
and  other  crops  in  proportion.  He  has  good  improve- 
ments and  a  fine  young  orchard  is  soon  to  begin  bear- 
ing. 

On  October  I,  1890,  Mr.  Schwartz  married  Miss 
Laura,  daughter  of  Egbert  and  Eliza  (Cumrine)  Hill, 
who  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  August  28,  1873.  Her  par- 
ents are  living  in  Spokane  retired.  This  wedding  oc- 
curred in  Harrington,  Washington,  and  five  children 
are  the  fruit,  Charles,  born  February  25,  1892;  Eu- 
gene, born  September  22,  1893;  Arden,  born  August 
ii,  1895;  Ethel,  born  November  11,  1899;  Mildred, 
born  October  9,  1901.  Mr.  Schwartz  is  a  stanch 
Democrat  and  an  active,  intelligent  citizen  in  all  mat- 
ters pertaining  to  general  progress. 


GEORGE  W.  WAYNE.  In  addition  to  operating 
his  farm  successfully,  Mr.  Wayne  is  conducting  a  liv- 
ery and  feed  business  in  Morrow,  where  he  is  doing 
well.  He  handles  eighteen  head  of  stock  and  has  rigs 
in  plenty  while  his  careful  treatment  of  customers,  al- 
ways watching  for  their  welfare,  has  given  him  a  good 
trade.  He  is  also  feeding  cattle  and  has  nineteen  head 
at  present. 

George  W.  Wayne  was  born  in  Audrain  county, 
Missouri,  on  March  i,  1837,  being  the  son  of  Temple 
and  Elizabeth  (Gregg)  Wayne.  The  father  was  born 
in  Virginia  in  1796  and  died'in  1864.  He  was  of  Welsh 
and  English  extraction.  Mad  Anthony  Wayne  of  Revo- 
lutionary fame,  was  a  first  cousin  of  Temple  Wayne. 
Mr.  Wayne  settled  in  Audrain  county  in  1827. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1798  and  died  in  1865.  Her  mother,  Jane,  was  born 
in  Ireland.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native 
place  and  worked  on  the  farm  with  his  father  until  he 
was  twenty.  Then  he  worked  on  adjacent  farms  and 
in  1855  the  family  went  to  Linn  county,  Kansas,  and 
our  subject  was  there  during  the  John  Brown  raid. 
In  1857  he  returned  to  Missouri  and  continued  there 
until  1862,  when  he  prepared  an  outfit  and  started 
across  the  plains.  At  Soda  springs  the  Indians  stole 


his  stock  and  he  was  left  with  wife,  one  child,  and  only 
one  horse.  He  hired  cattle  and  came  on  west,  but  his 
wife  died  enronte.  Mr.  Wayne  bore  up  bravely  under 
these  terrible  afflictions  and  came  on  to  Auburn,  Ore- 
gon. His  daughter  grew  up  and  married  Sam  Pat- 
terson of  this  county.  From  Auburn,  Mr.  Wayne  went 
to  the  Grande  Ronde  valley  and  packed  for  eight  years. 
Thence  he  went  to  Marion  county,  Oregon,  and  farmed 
for  eighteen  years.  In  1886  he  came  to  Latah  county, 
settling  near  Genesee,  where  he  farmed  and  raised 
stock  for  seven  years,  then  teamed  for  three  years  and 
in  1896  came  to  the  reservation  country.  He  took  his 
present  farm  and  since  then  he  farmed  until  recently 
he  purchased  the  livery,  coming  to  town  to  school  the 
children. 

Mr.  Wayne  was  married  first  to  Martha  Threlkeld, 
who  died  in  1862,  leaving  one  child.  On  June  4,  1876, 
in  Oregon,  Mr.  Wayne  married  Miss  Carrie  S.,  daugh- 
ter of  Tames  and  Ann  (Bowman)  Miner^  natives  of 
Illinois.  The  mother  is  still  living  but  the  father  is 
dead.  Mrs.  Wayne's  maternal  grandmother  is  still 
living,  aged  eighty-one.  Mrs.  Wayne  was  born  in  1860 
and  has  two  sisters  and  two  half  brothers.  Mr.  Wayne 
has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows,  Alfred,  Franklin, 
Elizabeth,  and  Martha.  Seven  children  have  been 
born  to  this  couple,  Cordelia  Hegle,  James  T.,  Will- 
iam W.,  George  G.,  Vance  Hazel,  Maggie,  deceased, 
and  Birdie  O.  Mr.  Wayne  is  an  active  Democrat.  His 
farm  is  well  improved  and  he  has  prospered  in  his 
labors. 


CHARLES  C.  NEWHARD.  Since  Mr.  New- 
hard  is  one  of  the  sturdy  men  who  assisted  to  open  the 
reservation  country,  has  labored,  since  settlement  here, 
with  wisdom  and  enterprise,  it  is  fitting  to  grant  a  re- 
view of  his  career  in  this  volume.  The  ranch  home  of 
the  family  is  one  mile  west  from  Fletcher,  but  Mr. 
Ncwhard  devotes  considerable  energy  to  railroading 
and  is  in  Genesee  much  of  the  time. 

On  April  15,  1873,  Mr.  Newhard  married  Miss 
Jennie  R.,  daughter  of  Hon.  Joseph  L.  and  Virginia 
Meek.  He  lived  in  Puyallup,  Washington,  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  then  moved  to  Vancouver,  then  to  Spen- 
ce's  Bridge,  thence  to  Ashcroft,  and  later  to  the  Okano- 
gan  country.  In  July,  1896,  Mr.  Newhard  came  to  his 
present  abode  and  has  done  general  farming  and  stock 
raising  since.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  this 
union,  Courtney  W.,  born  November  I,  1877,  in  Puy- 
allup :  Charles  C.,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume ; 
Tennie  O.,  born  July  3,  1881,  in  Tacoma;  Francis  V., 
born  December  8.  1883,  in  Puyallup ;  William  H.,  born 
September  14,  1886,  at  Spence's  Bridge,  British  Col- 
umbia. 


CHRIS  MATHISON.  From  the  land  whence 
came  the  discoverers  of  the  New  World  hails  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  and  June  i,  1864,  was  the  date  he 
was  bom.  His  parents,  Mathis  Hanson  and  Henricka 
Christopherson,  were  both  natives  of  Norway  also  and 
the  father  followed  railroad  contracting.  The  mother 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


died  in  1895.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood,  was 
educated  and  worked  on  the  railroad  in  his  native 
land.  When  twenty  He  decided  to  come  to  the  United 
States  and  settled  in  Olmstead  county,  Minnesota. 
Four  years  were  spent  there  and  in  that  time  his 
brother  John  had  come  from  Norway  and  they  de- 
cided to  see  the  west  and  accordingly  made  their  way 
to  Seattle,  Washington.  Thence  they  traveled  to 
Walla  Walla  arid  worked  on  the  Palouse  branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  He  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  in 
1888,  and  settled  on  his  present  place,  about  three 
miles  southwest  from  Morrow.  Here  he  has  remained 
since,  except  he  has  spent  considerable  time  in  mining 
in  the  Elk  country  and  other  camps.  In  1900  Mr. 
Mathison  went  to  the  Klondike  region  and  six  months 
later  returned  to  his  home.  He  and  his  brother  have 
also  spent  considerable  time  in  steamboating  on  the 
Snake  and  are  well  experienced  in  the  various  callings 
of  the  industrial  world.  They  now  own  one  quarter 
section,  having  sold  one  recently,  and  they  devote  this 
to  general  crops  and  raising  stock.  -Mr.  Mathison  was 
raised  a  Lutheran  and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat. 


JOSEPH  L.  CRAIG.  The  venerable  and  highly 
esteemed  gentleman  of  whom  we  now  speak  was  a 
farmer  and  stockraiser  living  one  half  mile  south  from 
Morrow,  where  he  had  a  fine  estate,  well  supplied  with 
buildings  and  all  necessary  improvements  and  in  ad- 
dition to  general  farming  he  raised  fine  Shorthorn 
cattle  and  was  a  prosperous  and  leading  citizen. 

Joseph  L.  Craig  was  born  in  Virginia,  on  July  26, 
1832,  being  the  son  of  George  and  Mary  D.  (Mc- 
Mullin)  Craig.  The  father  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1795  and  died  in  1845.  George  Craig,  grandfather 
of  our  subject,  was  also  born  in  Virginia  and  married 
Kittie  Kiraberly.  His  father,  the  Rev.  John  Craig, 
was  born  in  Donagan,  county  of  Antrim,  north  Ire- 
land, and  was  descended  from  Scotch  ancestry.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Edinburg  University  and  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1734,  settling  in  Delaware.  He 
was  sent  to  Ft.  Stanton,  Augusta  county,  Virginia,  by 
the  Presbytery  of  Delaware  and  there  he  ministered 
to  his  flock  for  twenty-five  years.  This  was  the  first 
Presbyterian  church  of  the 'Virginia  settlement.  He 
was  a  minister  of  note  in  his  day  and  died  in  1774. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Virginia,  in 
April,  1803,  and  died  in  1836.  Her  father  was  of 
Scotch-Irish  descent.  Her  mother,  Jane  Madison, 
was  the  daughter  of  William  and  Catherine  Arbuckle 
and  was  a  niece  of  Bishop  John  Madison,  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  of  Governor  George  Madison,  of  Kentucky, 
and  was  a  cousin  of  President  Madison.  William  Ar- 
buckle was  born  of  Scotch  parents  in  Virginia  in 
1752  and  was  a  volunteer  under  General  Lewis, 
founder  of  Lewisburg,  Virginia,  in  his  expedition 
against  the  Ohio  Indians  in  1774,  participating  in  the 
battle  of  Point  Pleasant  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
Kanawha  river.  Our  subject  went  with  his  parents 
to  Callaway  county,  Missouri,  where  he  grew  to  man- 
hood and  was  educated.  When  eighteen,  in  1850,  he 


went  to  California  and  gained  a  thousand  dollars  in 
the  gold  fields  in  one  year.  Returning  home,  he 
farmed  and  raised  stock'  there  until  1888,  whe.n  he 
came  west  and  settled  on  his  present  place  on  July 
14,  1888.  He  continued  here  until  his  death,  displaying 
thrift,  industry  and  sagacity. 

On  April  9,  1856,  in  Callaway  county,  Missouri, 
Mr.  Craig  married  Miss  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Thomas 
G.  and  Rebecca  B.  (Snedicor)  Jones.  Mr.  Jones  was 
a  farmer  and  merchant,  born  in  Madison  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1795  and  died  in  1846,  being  of  English  and 
Welsh  extraction.  Mrs.  Jones  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  1799  and  died  in  1835,  being  of  Scotch-Irish  ex- 
traction. Mrs.  Craig  was  born  in  Callaway  county, 
Missouri,  on  August  15,  1831,  was  liberally  educate'd 
and  taught  for  five  years.  She  has  eight  brothers  and 
sisters,  but  George  W.  Jones,  of  San  Francisco,  is 
the  only  one  living.  Mr.  Craig  has  three  brothers 
and  sisters,  all  deceased.  The  following  named  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Craig:  Charles 
Henry,  a  physician  in  Webb  City,  Missouri ;  Jeffer- 
son E.,  deceased:  Emma  Julia  MacKay,  in  Jefferson 
City,  Missouri;  Jennie  Allen  Miles,  deceased;  Stqne- 
wall  Jackson,  Idaho  county;  Mary  Katherine  Buck- 
ner,  Jefferson  City,  Missouri ;  Albert  B.,  a  physician  in 
Philadelphia ;  George  E.,  principal  of  the  public  schools 
in  Oakesdale,  Washington;  Annahalana  R.  Davis,  of 
Nezperce :  Joseph  Franklin,  principal  of  the  public 
schools  in  Burlington,  Washington.  W.  S.  Davis, 
the  husband  of  Mrs.  A.  Davis,  died  in  the  Philippine 
Islands  recently.  He  was  professor  of  English  in  an 
educational  institution  in  the  town  of  Moncada.  Since 
his  decease  Mrs.  Davis  has  returned  to  America.  Mr. 
Craig  joined  the  Masonic  lodge  in  1856.  Mrs.  Craig 
is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church  and  her  husband 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church,  South.  Mr. 
Craig  had  been  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  three  terms 
and  was  eminently  satisfactory  to  his  constituents.  He 
was  a  stanch  Democrat  and  had  been  committeeman  for 
ten  years.  He  died  at  his  home  March  27,  1903,  and 
his  remains  were  laid  to  rest  in  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  ceme- 
tery, Morrow,  Idaho. 


JOHN  W.  BILLUPS.  On  November  22,  1895. 
John  W.  Billups  filed  on  his  present  homestead  and 
at  once  went  to  work.  He  possessed  a  four  horse 
team  and  wagon,  this  being  the  sum  of  his  earthly 
wealth.  The  second  year  he  markefed  nine  hundred 
bushels  of  wheat  as  seed  for  his  neighbors.  The 
next  year  he  marketed  two  thousand  bushels  of  wheat 
and  five  hundred  of  flax  at  Spalding,  He  now  has 
his  homestead  supplied  with  a  beautiful  residence,  large 
and  handsome  barn,  plenty  of  out  buildings,  a  good 
holding  of  stock  and  handles  two  or  throe  headers  and 
steam  thresher,  besides  having  another  quarter  of 
land  adjoining.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Billups  has 
rented  Indian  land  and  this  year,  he  marketed  twelve 
thousand  bushels  of  flax.  Such  a  record  reads  like 
a  dream,  it  is  so  wonderfully  successful,  but  when  we 
see  the  man  that  has  executed  it,  the  keen  and  pene- 


JOHN  W.  BILLUPS. 


MRS.  JOHN  W.  BILLUPS. 


WILLIAM  F.  JOHNSON. 


MRS.  WILLIAM  F.  JOHNSON. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


trating  wisdom,  the  executive  force,  the  tireless  energy, 
it  is  all  explained.  Mr.  Billups  stands  at  the  head  in 
farming  on  the  reservation  and  doubtless  there  is 
not  another  record  to  match  this  one  in  the  county. 

John  W.  Billups  was  born  in  Cabell  county,  West 
Virginia,  on  May  20,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Richard  A. 
and  Hulda  (Moore)  Billups,  natives  of  Virginia.  The 
family  was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  Virginia 
and  are  an  honorable  and  strong  family.  The  grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution. 
The  father  of  lohn  W.  is  a  minister  in  the  Missionary 
Baptist  church  and  is  still  preaching  in  Virginia, 
aged  seventy-six. 

On  March  24,  1881,  Mr.  Billups  married  Miss 
Rhoda  C.,  daughter  of  Alanson  and  Charlotte  (Gra- 
ham) Farmer,  natives  of  Virginia.  Mr.  Billups'  grand- 
father Graham  fought  in  the  war  of  1812.  In  March, 
1882,  Mr.  Billups  went  to  Hancock  county,  Indiana, 
then  to  Hamilton  county  and  in  1886  they  went  to 
Sumner  county,  Kansas,  and  there  railroaded  until 
1889.  Then  he  came  to  Moscow  and  later  purchased 
a  small  farm  there  but  in  the  panic  he  lost  everything. 
When  he  heard  of  the  reservation  being  opened,  he 
came  and  selected  his  claim  and  the  result  is  in  evi- 

Mr.  Billups  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  the 
Yeomen,  both  at  Nezperce.  He  and  his  wife  are  de- 
vout members  of  the  Methodist  church  and  are  hearty 
supporters  of  the  faith.  Eight  children  have  been 
born  to  this  worthy  couple,  Mamie,  wife  of  C.  C. 
Mizer  near  Nezperce;  Minnie  D.,  born  in  Hamilton 
countv,  Indiana;  Lulu  E.  born  in  Sumner  county, 
Kansas;  Hulda,  Clea  C,  Letha  Murle,  all  born  in 
Latah  county;  James  O.  and  Jesse  Carl,  born  at  the 
home  place.  Mr.  Billups  has  always  striven  for  sub- 
stantial improvements,  and  is  a  warm  supporter  of 
progress  and  especially  first  class  educational  facil- 
ities. 

On  March  2,  1903,  Mr.  Billups  sold  at  auction 
sale,  implements  and  stock  amounting  to  seven  thou- 
sand dollars,  rented  his  farm  and  is  now  enjoying  the 
pleasures  of  a  retired  life. 


WILLIAM  F.  JOHNSON,  a  man  of  excellent 
standing  in  the  community  and  possessed  of  keen  dis- 
crimination and  business  ability  with  integrity  and 
honor  of  high  degree,  is  the  owner  of  one  of  the  most 
valuable  estates  in  Nez  Perces  county  and  which 
is  handled  with  all  the  skill  and  energy  to  make  it 
a  first  class  twentieth  century  farm.  This  valuable 
estate  consists  of  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  in 
section  seventeen  and  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres 
in  section  sixteen,  township  thirty-three  and  range 
two,  east,  it  being  a  little  over  one  mile  south  of 
Nezperce.  Mr.  Johnson  has  a  large  band  of  hogs, 
plenty  of  other  stock  for  the  farm  and  is  raising 
the  cereals  and  other  crops  adapted  to  the  climate. 
He  has  over  twelve  hundred  fruit  trees,  all  kinds  of 
shrubbery  and  other  useful  plants  and  his  farm  is 


provided   with    an   elegant   nine-room   house,   a   com- 
modious barn  and  other  improvements  necessary. 

William  F.  Johnson  was  born  in  Benton  county, 
Iowa,  on  September  30,  1872,  being  the  son 
of  Stephen  and  Elizabeth  (Hardinger)  Johnson. 
He  grew  up  on  a  farm,  received  a  good  education  from 
the  common  schools  and  on  December  25,  1895,  in  his 
native  place,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss  Hattie, 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Tanner)  Long,  na- 
tives respectively  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Long  were  married  in  Ohio  and  came  to 
Benton  county,  where  Mrs.  Johnson  was  born  on> 
July  8,  1871.  Her  parents  both  died  in  Iowa.  Mr. 
Johnson  received  from  his  father  a  team  and  one 
thousand  dollars  when  he  became  of  age.  He  at 
once  wisely  invested  his  money  in  land  and  farmed 
there  until  the  year  1900.  In  that  spring  he  came 
to  the  reservation  and  searched  out  a  place  which  he 
purchased  and  then  sold  his  Iowa  place  for  thirteen 
thousand  dollars.  In  the  fall  of  1900,  the  entire 
family  came  out  and  here  Mr.  Johnson  has 
resided  since.  He  added  the  other  four  hundred  and 
eighty  acres  by  purchase  later.  The  entire  farm  is 
under  cultivation.  Mrs.  Johnson  is  a  member  of  the 
German  Baptist  church  and  is  devout  in  her  adher- 
ence to  the  principles  and  the  support  of  this  organi- 
zation. Three  children,  Galen  L.,  Leland  M.,  and 
Dwight  E.,  have  been  born  to  bless  this  happy  mar- 
riage and  all  of  them  are  at  home.  Mr.  Johnson  is 
of  exceptionally  good  standing  in  the  community,  is 

county  is  to  be  congratulated  that  he  came  from  the 
east  and  settled  in  our  borders. 


WILLIAM  J.  MERVYN.  To  accord  to  the 
leading  and  substantial  citizens  of  Nez  Perces  county 
a  representation  in  this  volume  of  its  history  must 
necessarily  include  an  epitome  of  the  gentleman  whose 
name  heads,  this  paragraph,  since  he  is  one  of  the 
leading  stockmen  and  agriculturists  of  his  vicinity, 
his  farm  being  situated  one  and  one-half  miles  south- 
west from  Genesee,  Idaho.  William  J.  was  born  in 
county  Cavan,  north  Ireland,  on  December  27,  1847, 
being' the  son  of  John  J.  and  Anne  (Griffith)  Mervyn, 
natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  was  a  merchant 'in 

their  death,  the  mother  pasing  away  in  1873,  and  the 
father  going  in  1880,  their  remains  being  buried  in 
their  native  place.  At  eighteen  years  of  age  our  subject 
retired  from  the  schools  and  bade  farewell  to  home 
and  native  land  and  sailed  for  Melbourne,  Australia, 
reaching  there  in  1866,  and  for  nine  months  engaged 
there  in  mining.  After  this  he  went  to  New  Zealand 
and  mined  in  the  placer  diggings  for  seven  years,  then 
in  1873  came  to  California,  where  he  continued  the 
same  search  in  Plumas  county  for  one  year,  then 
farmed  in  Humboldt  for  four  years  and  in  1879  came 
to  Idaho.  He  sought  out  a  location  and  settled  on  a 
pre-emption  where  he  now  resides.  He  gave  his  at- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


tention  to  fanning  and  stock  raising  and  has  been 
attended  with  abundant  success,  having  now  four  hun- 
dred and  thirty  acres  of  excellent  farm  land.  His 
place  is  well  improved  and  handled  with  skill  and 
thrift  and  the  result  is  that  large  crops  reward  his 
industry. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Mervyn  and  Miss  Cora  E. 
Lees,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  daughter  of  Simeon  E. 
and  Anne  Lees,  was  solemnized  on  April  26,  1884, 
and  three  children  have  come  to  gladden  the  home, 
Edith  C,  Elizabeth,  and  William.  Mrs.  Mervyn's 
father  was  a  native  of  Virginia  and  the  mother  of 
Maryland,  but  they  were  farmers  in  Ohio  and  re- 
mained in  that  state  until  the  time  of  their  death,  the 
father  passing  away  in  1898.  and  the  mother  in  1887, 
both  being  buried  in  Holland,  Ohio.  Mr.  Mervyn  is 
a  member  of  the  Masons  and  of  the  K.  of  P.  He 
affiliates  with  the  Democratic  party  and  takes  the 
active  interest  demanded  of  every  true  citizen  in  the 
realm  of  politics  and  the  affairs  of  the  county  and 
state,  although  he  always  declines  personal  prefer- 
ment in  the  way  of  public  office.  He  is  a  man  of  fine 
ability,  faithful  and  upright  in  his  walk,  careful  and 
sagacious  in  his  business  matters,  and  a  patriotic  and 
broad  minded  citizen. 


'  JACOB  BLUME.  Mr.  Blume  is  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  Nez  Perces  county,  being  one  of  the 
heavy  land  owners  and  prominent  farmers,  having 
nearly  one  thousand  acres  of  land  where  he  lives,  four 
miles  southwest  from  Genesee,  which  is  fitted  up  into 

bellished  with  an  elegant  residence,  good  barns  and 
orchards  and  all  improvements  that  add  comfort  and 
value  to  an  estate.  He  markets  annually  about  ten 
thousand  bushels  of  grain  and  produces  much  stock 
and  fruit.  Mr.  Blume  was  born  in  Hanover,  Ger- 
many, on  September  25,  1831,  being  the  son  of  John 
F.  W.  and  Mary  (Platt)  Blume,  natives  also  of  Ger- 
many, where  they  remained  until  the  time  of  their 
death,  being  buried  in  the  Kuhsteclt  cemetery,  in  Han- 
over province.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  col- 
lege of  his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
years  he  quit  school  and  went  to  work  for  the  farm- 
ers ;  eleven  years  he  persevered  in  this  arduous  under- 
taking and  then  bought  a  piece  of  land  for  himself, 
which  he  tilled  until  1882,  when  he  sold  all  and  came 
to  America,  locating  first  in  Logan  county,  Illinois. 
He  rented  a  farm  there  for  six  years  and  then  de- 
termined to  try  the  west  and  accordingly  he  came  to 
Nez  Perces  county,  Idaho,  buying  a  farm  one  mile 
from  Genesee,  which,  however,  he  sold  about  two 
years  later.  Then  he  bought  three  hundred  and  ten 
acres  of  land  where  he  now  lives,  which  was 
partly  improved,  and  has  also  added  land  until  his  is 
a  mammoth  estate  of  nearly  one  thousand  acres.  In 
addition  to  the  general  farming  and  fruit  raising  he 
handles  a  great  many  horses  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
stockmen  as  well  as  farmers  of  the  county. 

In  1854,  in    Germany,   occurred    the   marriage    of 


Mr.  Blume  and  Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Alary  (Meyer)  Burfeind,  natives  also  of  Germany, 
where  they  remained  until  the  day  of  their  death, 
being  buried  in  the  cemetery  at  Hohenmoor.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Blume  there  have  been  born  the  following 
children:  Henry,  single,  living  in  Jersey  City,  New 
Jersey;  Mary,  wife  of  Herman  Moresheck  and  resid- 
ing in  this  county ;  Frederick,  married  to  Lizzie  Ober- 
feild,  and  living  in  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey;  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Claus  Michiles  and  living  in  Logan 
county,  Illinois :  George,  single  and  with  parents.  Our 
subject  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  German  Lu- 
theran church  and  now  as  the  golden  years  of  his 
well  spent  life  draw  on  apace,  Mr.  Blume  is  enjoying 
the  fruits  of  his  honest  and  arduous  toil  wherein  he 
has  also  manifested  great  wisdom  and  has  earned  the 
rest  and  competence  that  are  his  to  indulge. 


CHARLES  C.  NEWHARD,  JR.,  is  one  of  the 

making  the  reservation  country  one  of  the  best  sec- 
tions in  the  northwest.  He  was  born  in  Puyallup, 
Washington,  on  November  24,  1879,  being  the  son  of 
Charles  C.  and  Jennie  (Meek)  Newhard,  who  are 
mentioned  in  this  work.  He  is  a  grandson  of  the  noted 
Hon.  J.  L.  Meek.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  the 
various  places  of  the  northwest  where  the  family  re- 
sided and  gained  a  good  education  from  the  common 
schools.  He  studied  longer  in  Genesee  than  in  any 
other  one  place.  He  remained  with  his  parents  in 
their  travels  and  labors  until  May,  1901,  when  he 
came  to  his  allotment,  which  is  eighty  acres  of 
choice  land,  about  one  mile  west  from  Fletcher.  Here 
he  is  devoting  his  labor  and  skill  to  tilling  the  soil, 
raising  stock  and  making  a  comfortable  home  for 
his  family.  Mr.  Newhard  is  a  young  man  of  promise 
and  stands  well  among  the  people  of  the  community 
and  is  doing  good  work  in  building  up  the  county. 

On  November  14,  1901,  Mr.  Newhard  married 
Miss  Alice  M.,  daughter  of  John  and  Lucy  (McNa- 
mara)  Howard.  Mr.  Howard  was  born  in  Iowa,  in 
1854,  went  to  Nebraska  where  he  followed  the  black- 
smith trade  and  in  1899  came  to  Idaho  and  is  still 
engaged  at  his  trade.  His  wife  was  born  in  Illinois, 
in  1858,  and  her  parents,  Thomas  and  Catherine  Mc- 
Namara,  were  pioneers  in  that  state.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Newhard  have  one  child,  Kenneth  Charles,  born  Octo- 
ber 17,  1902.  Mrs.  Newhard  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  May  D.  Charlotte, 
Frank,  Frederic,  Earl,  Clara. 


JAMES  F.  WILLOWS.  One  of  our  capable  and 
enterprising  farmers  is  named  at  the  head  of  this  ar- 
ticle, and  he  is  also  one  of  the  substantial  and  patri- 
otic citizens  of  Nez  Perces  county,  being  a  man  of 
marked  uprightness  and  unswerving  integrity  and 
strength  of  character.  James  F.  was  born  in  Canada, 
on  March  24,  1868,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


163 


Ellen  (Farris)  Willows,  natives  respectively  of  Eng- 
land and  Canada,  and  now  residing  in  Alberta,  where 
they  devote  themselves  to  farming  and  stock  raising. 
When  our  subject  was  four  years  of  age  his  parents 
removed  to  Saunders  county,  Nebraska,  where  he  was 
educated,  finishing  his  school  days  at  the  age  of  sev- 
enteen. In  1889  he  came  west  to  Gray's  harbor, 
Washington,  and  two  years  were  spent  in  that  sec- 
tion, when  he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county,  renting  six 
hundred  acres  of  land  on  the  reservation.  He  also 
bought  a  quarter  section  three  miles  south  from  Gen- 
esee,  but  he  made  his  home  on  the  reservation  where 
his  large  farm  was  until  the  time  of  his  marriage, 
which  occurred  on  November  29,  1899,  when  Maud 
Ingle  became  his  bride.  Her  parents,  William  A. 
and  Malinda  (Voding)  Ingle,  came  west  in  1885  and 

I  now  live  in  this  county.  To  our  subject  and  his  es- 
timable wife  there  has  been  born  one  child,  Thomas 
W.  Mr.  Willows  has  two  brothers,  Harvey  D.,  mar- 

i  ried  to  Annie  Haley,  living  in  Northwest  Territory, 
and  John  R.,  married  to  Amy  Yeoman  and  living  in 
Alberta,  and  he  also  has  one  sister,  Jennett  M.,  mar- 

[  ried  to  C.  M.  Dodson  and  living  in  Alberta,  North- 

;  west  Territory.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Willows  al- 
lies himself  with  the  Democratic  party  and  always 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  local  matters.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  Lodge,  No.  5,  of  Gen- 

i  esee,  and  of  the  I.  O.  6.  F.  Lodge  No.  36,  of  the 
same  town.  His  wife  is  an  adherent  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  they  are  among  the  leaders  in  the  society 

I  of  their  community,  being  capable,  and  good  people. 


JOHN  C.  BERRY,  a  popular,  intelligent  and 
genial  gentleman,  is  one  of  the  leading  agriculturists 
of  the  vicinity  of  Summit,  owning  an  estate  right  at 
the  postomce.  He  has  displayed  excellent  wisdom 
and  industry  in  his  labors  and  his  worthy  achievements 
and  steady  increase  of  goods  are  but  the  proper  re- 
John  C.  Berry  was  born  in  Sullivan  county,  Ten- 
nessee, on  February  11,  1855,  being  the  son  of  James 
O.  and  Martha  (Crumley)  Berry,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee. The  father  is  now  living  with  our  subject. 
John  C.  was  raised  in  Tennessee  until  twenty-two, 
being  educated  in  the  district  schools.  He  then  mar- 
ried and  went  to  Texas,  where  he  was  engaged  in 

Washington,  where  he  did  gardening  near  Walla 
Walla  for  about  seven  years.  In  1889  Mr.  Berry 
came  to  the  Potlatch  country  and  gardened  for  three 
years  and  then  took  his  present  place.  He  was  on  his 
land  the  opening  day  of  the  reservation  and  has  given 
his  undivided  attention  to  cultivating  it  and  the  In- 
dian land  -which  he  has  leased  since  that  time.  Mr. 
Berry  had  four  horses,  one  wagon  and  no  cattle 
when  he  came,  but  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous 
men  of  this  vicinity.  He  lived  in  a  tent  the  first  year 
and  had  all  the  hardships  of  the  pioneer  to  endure. 
He  owns  seventy-five  hogs,  has  good  improvements 
and  a  valuable  and  well  tilled  farm.  Mr.  Berry  has 


the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  William  J.,  a 
Methodist  preacher;  Robert  E.,  Elbert  E.,  Fleming 
J.,  Murray,  Martha  E.,  widow  of  Robert  Hall ;  Nan- 
nie C.  Maynard,  Jane  Cash,  Eliza  Hall,  Sophie 
Henry. 

On  August  16,  1876,  Mr.  Berry  married  Miss 
Sarah  J.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Anna  (King) 
Dyer,  natives  of  Tennessee.  The  mother  died  in 
October,  1893,  and  the  father  lives  with  one  daugh- 
ter near  Milton,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Berry  has  two 
brothers  and  two  sisters.  John  S.,  William  A.,  Martha 
A.  Taylor,  Mary  O.  Bishop.  Mr.  and  Mrs  Berry 
have  one  adopted  child.  Mr.  Berry  is  a.  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.,  Lewiston  Camp.  They  are  both  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  church,  South.  In  political 
matters,  Mr.  Berry  is  allied  with  the  Democrats  and 
is  frequently  in  the  county  conventions.  He  is  school 
director  and  is  a  stirring  advocate  of  good  roads. 


FRANK  S.  DAGGETT.  It  is  a  pleasure  to 
grant  consideration  to  one  so  enterprising  and  skillful 
in  business  affairs  as  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  is 
one  of  the  esteemed  gentlemen  and  public-minded  citi- 
zens of  the  county  of  Nez  Perces. 

Frank  S.  Daggett  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  December 
2.  1867,  being  the  son  of  David  A.  and  Julia  (Leppla) 
Daggett,  natives  of  Wisconsin.  From  the  father's 
side  of  the  house  the  family  comes  from  a  prominent 
English  house  and  many  of  the  members  are  noted 
in  educational,  commercial  and  legal  circles,  while 
two  have  served  in  congress.  The  mother's  ancestors 
were  from  Germany.  The  Daggetts  were  noted  and 
prominent  in  Revolutionary  times.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  spent  the  first  eight 
years  of  his  life  in  Nebraska,  the  next  six  in  Iowa 
and  then  went  to  South  Dakota.  Then  he  finished  his 
education  in  the  state  normal  school.  When  nine- 
teen he  came  to  Idaho  and  worked  until  twenty-one, 
when  he  married  and  returned  to  South  Dakota  and 
took  up  stock  raising.  His  ability  and  attention  to 
business  gave  him  success  and  later  he  went  to  Illinois, 
where  he  bought  a  small  farm  near  Hoopston,  one 
hundred  miles  south  from  Chicago.  In  1898  he  came 
back  to  Idaho  and  purchased  the  relinquishment  of 
his  present  place,  three  miles  northeast  from  Lenore, 
for  twelve  hundred  dollars.  The  first  two  years' 
crops  sufficed  to  pay  for  the  farm  and  some  besides. 
Since  then  he  has  done  equally  well  and  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  men  of  this  section.  He  has  one  of  the 
best  places  in  this  vicinity  and  as  it  is  only  a  short 
distance  above  the  river  is  much  freer  from  frost  than 
those  higher  on  the  hill,  the  difference  being  about 
fifteen  degrees.  Mr.  Daggett  has  one  brother  and 
two  sisters,  True  G.,  traveling  salesman  for  a  large 
drug  house  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa;  Maude,  wife  of 
Mark  D.  Edgerton,  a  clothing  merchant  in  Spearfish, 
South  Dakota:  Creta.  single. 

In  August,  1889,  Mr.  Daggett  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Stephen  R.  and  Martha  (Shea)  South- 
wick,  who  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  work. 


1 64 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  happy  union, 
Roma,  Gladys  and  Frankie.  Mr.  Daggett  is  an  intel- 
ligent Republican  and  a  great  advocate  of  good 
schools,  being  on  the  board.  He  is  also  a  moving 
spirit  in  making  good  roads.  He'  is  well  respected 
in  the  community  and  has  excellent  standing. 


JOHN  C.  GRANZ  is  a  well  known  and  industri- 
ous farmer  and  thresher.  He  pays  special  attention 
to  operating  his  threshing  outfit  and  also  is  intending 
to  devote  considerable  time  to  handling  a  mine  on 
Swamp  creek  which  he  is  opening.  Mr.  Granz  stands 
well  with  the  people  and  is  highly  spoken  of  by  all. 

John  C.  Granz  was  born  in  Germany  on  May  18, 
1872.  being  the  son  of  Frederick  and  Mary  (Schwech- 
ler)  Granz.  natives  of  German.  The  father  was  in 
the  Franco-Prussian  war  and  served  in  the  German 
army  for  five  years.  He  died  in  1879.  The  mother 
lives  with  our  subject  and  is  aged  about  sixty.  Our 
subject  came  to  the  United  States  with  his  mother 
when  he  was  eight  and  settlement  was  made  in  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  attended  district  school.  Mrs. 
Granz  married  a  second  time,  her  husband  on  this  oc- 
casion being  Mr.  Holway.  He  died  when  John  C.  was 
about  fifteen.  At  the  early  age  of  ten,  our  subject 
left  home  and  took  up  the  battle  of  life.  He  worked 
for  his  board  and  clothes  and  when  fifteen  he  came 
to  the  west.  He  landed  finally  near  Juliaetta  and  there 
attended  the  Fairview  school  for  two  terms  and  then 
labored  at  different  occupations  until  the  reservation 
opened  up,  when  he  took  his  present  place.  He  sold 
a  portion  of  his  land  in  the  spring  of  1902.  He  has 
at  present  thirty-three  acres  of  land  and  handles 
this  with  his  mining  and  threshing. 

On  June  10,  1900,  Mr.  Granz  married  Miss  Ollie 
E.,  daughter  of  James  O.  and  Hattie  R.  (Ramsy) 
Young,  natives  of  Kansas.  Mrs.  Granz  was  born  in 
Cherokee  county,  Kansas,  on  January  15,  1884,  and 
has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters,  William,  George, 
Minnie  McNeeley,  Elizabeth.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Young 
live  near  Pullman,  where  the  wedding  of  our  sub- 
ject occurred.  Mr.  Granz  is  a  Republican  and  has 
served  as  election  clerk. 


GEORGE  W.  GILMORE.  This  industrious  and 
prosperous  farmer  is  one  of  the  men  whose  labors 
have  built  this  section  of  our  county  and  made  it  one 
of  the  wealthy  portions.  He  is  a  man  of  good  stand- 
ing, has  displayed  ability  and  good  qualities  in  his 
labors  and  achievements. 

George  W.  Gilmore  was  born  in  West  Virginia, 
on  February  22,  1856,  being  the  son  of  William  J. 
and  Mary  (Hansford)  Gilmore,  natives  of  Virginia. 
The  father  came  from  an  old  English  Virginia  family 
and  he  died  in  April,  1899,  aged  seventy-four.  The 
mother  was  also  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  old  colon- 
ial families  and  died  in  April,  1895.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  remained  with 


his  parents  until  twenty-one,  and  then  went  to  work 
for  wages,  and  about  1878  he  purchased  a  small  farm 
and  to  the  development  and  improvement  of  that  he 
gave  his  attention  for  a  number  of  years.  Then  he 
became  interested  in  lumbering  on  Cheap  river,  and 
this  continued  until  1892,  when  he  came  to  Idaho  and 
filed  on  his  present  place,  two  miles  east  from  Lenore,. 
He  erected  good  buildings  and  since  that  time  he  has 
cultivated  it  himself.  He  raises  the  cereals  and  flax 
and  has  done  well  on  his  farm.  He  has  about  thirty- 
five  head  of  stock  and  pays  much  attention  to  raising, 
stock.  Mr.  Gilmore  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters :  Albert  H.,  David  W.,  Charles  W.,  John  W., 
Elizabeth  Myers,  all  of  West  Virginia ;  Salome  Graff,, 
in  Pennsylvania ;  Florence  Auvil,  in  Alabama. 

On  January  21,  1877,  at  St.  George,  West  Vir- 
ginia, Mr.  Gilmore  married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Annie  (Johnson)  Myers.  The  father 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  now  lives  in  West  Vir- 
ginia. He  comes  from  an  old  Dutch  family.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Virginia  of  a  pioneer  family  and  is  still 
living.  Mrs.  Gilmore  was  born  on  April  29,  1858, 
and  she  has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,  Nelson, 
John,  Benjamin,  Barbara  Shoemaker.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife,  Tacy, 
wife  of  Harvey  A.  Southwick,  on  Windy  Ridge; 
Mary,  wife  of 'Charles  H.  Crumpacker,  near  Nez- 
perce;  Annie,  wife  of  James  Johnson,  near  Lenore. 
Mr.  Gilmore  is  a  Democrat  and  a  good  substantial 
citizen. 


ANDREW  BAKER.  In  addition  to  handling  a 
farm,  which  is  situated  a  mile  or  so  east  from  South- 
wick,  our  subject  has  also  paid  considerable  attention, 
to  running  a  steam  threshing  outfit  and  at  the  present 
time  is  also  handling  a  fine  little  saw-mill  on  his  place. 
It.  is  a  complete  plant  and  has  a  capacity  of  eight 
thousand  feet  per  day.  Mr.  Baker  is  utilizing  it  in 
manufacturing  his  own  timber  into  lumber  products, 
and  has  also  bought  recently  some  more  timber  land. 
He  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this  vicinity,  is  an. 
enterprising  and  energetic  worker  and  manifests  com- 
mendable wisdom  in  his  labors. 

A  detailed  account  of  his  career  will  be  interesting, 
and  so  we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Indiana,  on  March 
6,  1849,  beir>g  the  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Davis) 
Baker,  natives  of  Tennessee  and  Indiana,  respectively. 
The  father  died  in  1863.  They  were  married  in 
Indiana  and  the  mother  is  now  living  in  Missouri. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  Missouri  and  received  his 
education  from  the  district  school.  When  twenty- 
six  he  went  to  California,  where  he  continued  for 
seven  years  in  various  employments.  It  was  1882, 
that  he  came  to  Idaho  and  filed  on  his  present  place. 
He  has  devoted  h'mself  to  the  labors  mentioned  above 
and  has  made  a  good  success.  Mr.  Baker  has  three 
brothers,  William  and  Perry,  farmers  in  Missouri;. 
John,  in  Idaho.  He  is  a  Republican  and  is  intelli- 
gent on  the  issues  of  the  day.  He  has  been  road  su- 
pervisor and  has  evinced  an  interest  in  the  improve- 
ment of  the  county  roads  that  is  more  than  theory 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  his  labors  in  this  line  have  resulted  in  much 
improvement  in  this  important  matter. 

On  January  6,  1874,  Mr.  Baker  married  Miss 
Josephine  McCoy,  in  Caldwell  county,  Missouri.  She 
is  a  native  of  Iowa  and  has  three  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  Alfred,  Benjamin,  and  Austin,  farmers  near  by  ; 
Susan,  widow  of  Frank  Cuddy,  in  Clarkston,  Wash- 
ington;  Julia,  wife  of  John  Mclver,  near  Cavendish. 

These  children  have  been  born 'to  this  couple,  Al- 
bert, near  Steele ;  George,  employed  in  his  father's  mill 
and  is  also  road  overseer ;  Ory,  wife  of  Charles  Guern- 
sey, at  Russel;  Benjamin,  at  home;  Perry,  with  his 
brother  Albert ;  Bertha,  Mary,  Lottie  and  William,  all 
at  home.  Mrs.  Baker  is  a'  member  of  the  United 
Brethren  church  and  is  active  in  Sunday  school  work. 


CHARLES  HOFFMAN.  This  veteran  on  the  bat- 
tlefield of  life  has  passed  three-quarters  of  a  century  in 
the  struggle  allotted  to  man  and  in  it  all  he  has  mani- 
fested great  tenacity  of  purpose,  good  ability,  and 
has  achieved  a  fine  success  both  from  a  financial 
standpoint  and  in  the  excellent  standing  in  the  com- 
munity where  he  is  highly  respected  and  holds  the 
good  will  of  all. 

His  parents,  Jacob  and  Sarah  (Troxall)  Hoffman, 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  where  our  subject  was 
also  born;  they  are  of  German  extraction  and  for 
many  years  back  all  have  resided  in  that  state.  Charles 
was  raised  in  Northumberland  county  and  while  his 
educational  advantages  were  limited,  he  acquired  a 
good  training  and  fund  of  information  by  his  per- 
sistent efforts  in  study.  When  twenty-four  he  went  to 
blacksmithing  in  New  York  as  foreman  of  a  shop 
and  wrought  there  until  the  close  of  the  Mexican  war. 
Then  he  went  to  Illinois  and  wrought  at  his  trade 
and  farmed  until  after  the  Civil  war.  Then  a  brief  time 
was  spent  in  Kansas  and  in  1879  he  crossed  the  plains 
dnd  settled  on  a  pre-emption,  which  is  now  a  part  of 
his  fine  estate  of  over  six  hundred  acres,  five  hundred 
of  which  are  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  He  has 
excellent  buildings,  handles  considerable  stock  and 
does  a  large  farming  and  stock  business.  Mr.  Hoff- 
man raises  some  fine  draft  horses.  He  has  a  well 
of  fine  water  that  was  blasted  out  of  the  solid  rock. 
Mr.  Hoffman  had  six  brothers  and  three  sisters,  but 
does  not  know  the  whereabouts  of  any  of  them.  He 
was  married  when  about  twenty-seven  to  Sarah  J.  Dowd 
and  three  children  were  born  to  them,  Sarah  C., 
wife  of  Burton  Lane,  of  Council,  Idaho;  Lucy,  wife 
of  A.  Ebell.  near  Baker  City,  Oregon ;  Ross,  a  farmer 
at  the  mouth  of  Pine  creek.  Mr.  Hoffman  was  called 
to  mourn  the  death  of  his  wife  and  on  June  4,  1876, 
he  married  Miss  Lucy  Shay,  at  Chetopa.  Kansas, 
who  was  the  first  white  woman  on  the  prairie.  Her 
parents,  Isaac  A.  and  Margaret  (Burkhardt)  Shay, 
were  natives  of  Illinois  and  Kentucky  and  of  Irish 
and  Dutch  descent,  respectively.  They  are  both  dead. 
Mrs.  Hoffman  was  born  in  Leavenworth,  Kansas, 
on  July  31,  1859.  She  has  three  brothers,  Benjamin, 
William,  and  Charles.  Nine  children  have  been  born 


to  this  worthy  couple,  Jesse,  the  first  white  child 
born  in  the  Big  Potlatch,  now  a  student  in  Milton 
College;  Charles,  Walter,  Olive,  Alice,  Benjamin, 
Elsie,  Esther,  Mary,  all  at  home.  Mrs.  Hoffman  was 
occupied  in  teaching  school  before  her  marriage.  She 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hoffman  are  ardent  supporters  of  educational  facili- 
ties and  believe  firmly  in  thorough  training  for  their 
children.  They  are  counted  among  the  leading  people 
of  this  section  and  are  always  in  the  van  for  anything 
that  will  build  up  and  enhance  the  interests  of  the 
community  and  be  for  the  good  of  all. 


WILLIAM  T.  WRIGHT.  This  pioneer  and  sub- 
stantial citizen  has  been  one  of  the  well  known  men 
here  for  a  long  time  and  is  deserving  of  credit  for 
his  labors  and  improvement.  He  is  not  only  a  tiller 
of  the  soil,  but  is  a  skillful  and  enthusiastic  apiarist, 
having  forty  stands  of  bees.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr. 
Wright  carries  a  large  stock  of  bee  raising  supplies 
for  the  accommodation  of  those  in  the  surrounding 
country.  It  is  interesting  and  profitable  to  notice  with 
what  skill  and  wisdom  Mr.  Wright  has  continued  to 
put  forth  the  advantages  of  this  important  industry 
and  it  has  been  and  will  be  of  untold  benefit  to  this 
section,  as  the  raising  of  bees  is  no  doubt  one  of  the 
profitable  lines  heretofore  too  little  attended  to,  espe- 
cially in  the  western  sections.  Much  wealth  will  be 
distributed  among  the  farmers  thus  and  the  luxury  of 
the  hive  will  be  enjoyed  by  many  where  now  it  is  al- 
most unknown. 

William  T.  Wright  was  born  in  Porter  county, 
Indiana,  on  September  16,  1837,  being  the  son  of 
Toseph  Y.-and  Tabitha  (Evans)  Wright,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  respectively.  The  father  died 
in  1850,  aged  sixty.  He  was  a  wealthy  fanner  and  had 
served  as  captain  of  heavy  artillery  in  the  war  of  1812. 
The  mother  died  in  1892,  aged  eighty,  and  is  buried 
in  Indiana.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  La  Porte 
county,  Indiana,  until  twenty-five,  gained  a  good  edu- 
cation in  Valparaiso  College  and  in  1864  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  remained  until  1880.  He  taught 
school,  operated  a  nursery  and  did  various  labors,  and 
in  1880  he  came  to  the  Potlatch  country.  He  took  a 
government  right  on  his  present  place' and  did  well 
until  1893,  when  he  went  down  with  the  crash,  but  he 
saved  sixty  acres  of  good  soil  which  is  tilled,  and  that, 
with  his  bee  industry,  makes  a  profitable  business. 
Mr.  Wright  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Jonathan,  Moses,  Gideon,  Harriet  Stone,  Sarah  Stone, 

On  Julv  2,  1868,  in  Cortland,  California,  Mr. 
Wright  married  Miss  Emma,  daughter  of  Charles  U. 
and  Margery  C  Crawford)  Talmage.  The  mother  died 
in  Cortland  and  the  father  lives  there  now.  Mrs. 
Wright  was  born  in  Joliet.  Illinois,  on  December  19, 
1845.  She  has  one  brother  and  five  sisters,  Samuel, 
Harriet  Northup,  Henrietta  ftorter,  Mary,  Lottie, 
Annie.  Five  chldren  have  been  born  to  this  couple, 
Myrtie,  wife  of  Tames  Kuykendall,  a  miner  in  Montana; 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


C.  Herschcl,  a  stockman  in  Northwest  Territory,  Can- 
ada;  Dean,  with  H.  Trimble,  in  Lewiston ;  Pauline, 
wife  of  E.  Harrison,  in  Frasier,  Idaho;  Lillian,  at 
home.  Mr.  Wright  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Leland,  No.  90,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of 
the  Methodist  church.  He  is  a  stanch  Democrat  and 
has  taken  an  active  rjart  in  politics.  He  has  been  school 
trustee  for  many  ye'ars  and  is  now  serving  as  justice 
of  the  peace,  having  been  the  same  in  California. 


WILLIAM  J.  RILEY,  deceased.  It  is  fitting  that 
we  should  incorporate  in  this  volume  a  'memorial  of 
the  esteemed  patriot  and  substantial  citizen,  whose 
labors  in  the  northwest  have  resulted  in  much  develop- 
ment and  building  up.  He  was  born  in  Carroll  county, 
Missouri,  on  February  6,  1846,  being  the  son  of 
Ulysses  J.  and  Mary  (James)  Riley.  The  father  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Virginia,  in  1815,  being 
a  nephew  of  the  Meek  family.  He  was  a  pioneer  in 
Missouri.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  in  Missouri, 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  also 
in  his  youth  perfected  himself  in  the  carpenter 
trade.  During  the  time  of  dark  fratricidal  strife  he 
was  one  of  the  brave  ones  who  fought  for  the  Union 
and  the  homes  of  the  people,  under  Captain  Hoover 
and  took  part  in  the  border  warfare.  In  1875  he 
went  to  California,  and  two  years  later  came  to  Ore- 
gon, settling  in  Hillsboro.  There  he  wrought  at  his 
trade  until  1895,  when  he  brought  his  family  to  the 
reservation  where  they  all  received  their  allotments. 
Since  that  time  all  have  been  employed  in  the  work 
of  improvement  and  on  June  16,  1902,  the  father  and 
beloved  husband  was  called  to  the  world  beyond. 

On  September  24,  1878,  Mr.  Riley  married  Miss 
Olive  L.  Meek,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  J.  L.  and  Vir- 

§inia  Meek.  The  fruit  of  this  union  is  as  follows, 
tanley  M.,  born  October  3,  1879 ;  Kate  Francis,  born 
August  9,  1885,  and  died 'February  7,  1895;  Virginia 
Belle,  born  March  7,  1887.  All  were  born  in  Glen- 
coe,  Oregon.  Mr.  Riley  was  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R., 
and  also  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  allied  with  the 
Republican  party  and  took  an  intelligent  part  in  the 
issues  of  the  day,  being  justice  of  the  peace  in  Wash- 
ington county,  Oregon,  in  1881.  The  family  have 
allotments  amounting  to  three  hundred  and  twenty 
acres  and  handle  cattle  and  hogs,  while  they  carry 
on  a  general  farming  business. 


WILLIAM  A.  WRIGHT.  Prominent  as  one  of 
the  business  men  of  the  reservation  country,  successful 
in  his  endeavors,  upright  and  faithful  in  his  walk,  a 
man  of  many  friends  and  standing  well,  the  subject  of 
this  article  should  be  mentioned  as  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative men  of  the  county  and  with  pleasure  we  ac- 
cord him  such. 

William  A.  Wright  was  born  in  Morgan  county, 
Ohio,  on  December  n,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Charles 
S.  and  Deborah  COliver)  Wright.  The  father  was 


born  in  the  same  county ;  his  father  came  to  that  place 
in  a  two-wheeled  cart  from  Pennsylvania  and  died  in 
Oregon,  aged  ninety-three.  Our  subject's  parents  are 
living  near  him.  His  mother  was  born  in  Marietta, 
February  8,  1831.  In  1853,  the  family  went  to  Wis- 
consin, where  our  subject  was  reared  and  educated. 
W'hun  he  was  twenty-one  the  family  came  to  Wash- 
ington county,  Oregon,  and  there  the  father  bought 
land.  In  1876,  they  all  came  to  Columbia  county, 
Washington,  near  Dayton;  the  father,  this  son  and  a 
brother  took  land,  where  they  busied  themselves  with 
farming  until  1887,  when  our  subject  sold  out  and 
went  to  Whitman  county.  In  1893  all  was  lost  and 
he  went  to  Idaho.  Then  came  two  years  of  renting 
Indian  land  and  when  the  reservation  opened  Mr. 
Wright  secured  a  good  quarter  which  he  improved 
and  sold  in  1901.  Then  he  erected  a  fine  flouring  mill 
in  Dublin,  with  an  output  capacity  of  sixty  barrels 
per  day,  it  being  supplied  with  all  the  latest  improve- 
ments and  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  complete 
mills  in  the  state.  Mr.  Wright  is  now  giving  his  at- 
tention to  the  operation  of  this  plant,  meeting  with 
good  success  and  being  favored  with  an  ever  increasing 
patronage.  He  has  three  brothers,  Davis  S.,  George 
W.,  and  Amos  A. 

On  November  17,  1872,  Mr.  Wright  married  Miss 
Ella,  daughter  of  Solomon  and  Lucetta  (Zachary) 
Emrick.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Emrick  came  overland  in 
1843  w>tn  ox  teams.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Illinois  and  the  mother  of  Kentucky.  Mrs.  Wright 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  Oregon,  on  July  28, 
1856,  and  received  a  common  schooling.  They  have 
five  children  living,  Charles  W.,  a  farmer  and  owner 
of  the  ferry  at  Agatha;  Harry  S.,  engineer  in  the 
mill  at  Dublin;  Henrietta,  deceased,  wife  of  Robt. 
Hall ;  Earl,  at  home ;  Myrtle,  wife  of  William  Evans, 
Willola ;  Cora,  wife  of  Oliver  Anderson,  on  the  reser- 
vation;  May,  an  adopted  child,  at  home.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wright  are  members  of  the  Christian  church. 
Mr.  Wright  is  an  active  and  stanch  Republican,  being 
always  a  delegate  and  a  potent  influence  in  the  cam-  I 
paigns.  He  is  an  advocate  of  good  schools,  general 
improvements,  better  roads  and  is  a  progressive  and 
enterprising  man. 


GEORGE  P.  DALE  AND  CHARLES  H. 
DALE  are  two  of  the  well  known  citizens  of  the  vi-  ] 
cinity  of  Leland,  having  a  ranch  in  company  adjoin- 
ing the  town  on  the  west.  They  have  one  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  and  utilize  it  mostly  in  raising 
wheat,  but  handle  about  ten  acres  to  orchard.  They 
are  expecting  to  go  more  extensively  to  raising  hogs, 
as  it  seems  wise  to  feed  as  much  of  the  grain  as  possible 
to  stock. 

Charles  H.Dale  was  born  inMcKeesport,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  March  18,  1867,  being  the  son  of  George  P. 
and  Jennie  (Miller)  Dale,  natives  of  the  same  state. 
The  mother  died  when  our  subject  was  two  clays  old; 
he  being  an  only  child.  He  was  raised  by  his  grand- 
mother until  ten  and  then  he  went  to  live  with  his 
father,  who  married  a  second  time.  The  father  was 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  expert  ship  builder  and  served  in  government  em- 
ploy much  of  the  time.  He  is  now  in  this  capacity  in 
San  Francisco.  Charles  gained  his  education  from  the 
public  schools  and  when  he  was  thirteen  the  family 
went  to  Arkansas  and  the  father  did  ship  work  on  the 
Mississippi  river.  He  worked  on  the  government 
steamers,  where  our  subject  served  as  waiter,  later  as 
second  cook  and  finally  as  head  cook.  In  1885  they 
all  came  to  Sprague,  Washington,  where  the  father 
took  a  ranch.  They  farmed  and  the  father  wrought 
in  the  railroad  shops  part  of  the  time.  In  1888  Charles 
H.  went  to  Colton  and  ranched  for  some  time.  About 
1892  the  father  went  to  Portland  and  took  up  ship 
building  again  and  our  subject  freighted,  rode  the 
range  and  farmed  and  did  various  other  work  in  the 
Coeur  d'  Alene  country,  at  Dayton,  Sprague,  in  the 
John  Day  country  and  finally  came  to  Leland,  where 
he  and  his  father  bought  their  present  ranch. 

On  March  6,  1895,  Mr.  Dale  married  Miss  Edith, 
daughter  of  Oxford  B.  and  Adelia  (Perkins)  Owens. 
She  was  born  in  Pendleton  in  1876  and  the 
wedding  occurred  in  Sprague.  Mr.  Owens  crossed 
the  plains  with  ox  teams  in  1849  to  California  and 
died  in  Pendleton  in  1894.  He  was  a  prominent  stock 
man  there  and  had  suffered  great  hardship  in  the  In- 
dian troubles.  Mrs.  Dale  has  one  brother,  George, 
in  the  U.  S.  army  in  the  Philippines ;  and  one  sister, 
Lenore,  wife  of  W.  E.  Lloyd,  in  Lewiston.  Three 
children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage,  George  P., 
Bradford  G.,  and  William.  Mr.  Dale  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  P.,  Kendrick  Lodge  No.  23,  and  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  Juliaette,  Lodge  No.  45.  Mrs.  Dale  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  church.  She  was  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  high  school  in  Pendleton  and  was  a  com- 
positor on  the  East  Oregonian. 

George  P.  Dale  enlisted  in  the  Civil  war  on  Janu- 
ary 5,  1863,  being  in  Company  G,  First  Regular  Mary- 
land Infantry,  under  Captain  I.  H.  Stonebreaker.  He 
was  discharged  July  2,  1865,  having  fought  in  the 
principal  battles  between  those  dates.  He  was  at  the 
second  Bull  Run  and  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  and 
was  wounded  several  times,  but  never  left  the  front 
although  shot  through  the  hand.  He  left  the  war 
broken  in  health  and  has  been  much  incapacitated  by 
his  arduous  labors  and  rigorous  service. 


HENRY  A.  MORGAN.  In  the  person  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  we  have  one  of  Nez  Perces 
county's  active,  enterprising,  successful,  and  capable 
agriculturists,  dairymen  and  stockmen.  His  abode  is 
six  miles  south  from  Genesee,  and  there  he  has  a  farm 
of  two  hundred  acres  of  well  tilled  soil,  a  fine  home 
in  every  respect,  with  substantial  out  buildings,  of  all 
kinds  necessary  to  the  successful  operation  of  his 
estate ;  he  handles  many  cattle,  horses,  and  hogs.  Mr. 
Morgan  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  county,  New  York, 
on  February  3,  1858.  being  the  son  of  John  C.  and 
Ruth  L.  (Courser)  Morgan,  natives  of  Canada,  who 
removed  to  North  Dakota  in  1880,  where  the  father 
died  in  1896,  and  the  mother  in  the  following  year, 


being  buried  in  the  Arvilla  cemetery  in  Grand  Forks 
county.  Henry  A.  was  educated  in  his  native  place 
and  also  in  New  London,  Minnesota,  where  the  parents 
removed  previous  to  going  to  North  Dakota.  He  re- 
mained with  his  father  until  he  had  reached  his  twenty- 
first  year  and  then  went  with  him  to  North  Dakota 
and  there  took  a  homestead,  bought  as  much  more 
and  used  half  for  pasture  and  half  for  production 
of  the  fruits  of  the  field ;  there  he  toiled  until  thirteen 
years  had  elapsed,  when  he  sold  out  and  spent  one 
year  in  the  butcher  business  and  then  two  years  in 
machine  selling.  After  that  he  worked  for  the  Great 
Northern  railroad  for  five  years  and  then  came  west 
and  located  six  miles  south  from  Genesee,  where  we 
find  him  at  the  present  time.  He  bought  a  quarter 
section  and  filed  on  forty  more  and  has  devoted 
his  time  and  attention  to  general  farming  and  raising 
stock.  He  has  made  his  estate  a  fine  rural  abode, 
having  added  all  improvements  commensurate  with 
its  extent  that  taste  and  necessity  demand  and  he  is 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  community.  Fratern- 
ally, Mr.  Morgan  is  affiliated  with  the  M.  W.  A.  -and 
he  and  his  wife  are  also  members  of  the  Methodist 
church. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Morgan  was  to  Miss  Alice  A., 
daughter  of  W.  B.  and  Martha  L.  (Swift)  Reed, 
natives  of  Kentucky  and  immigrants  to  Minnesota  in 
1867,  where  they  still  reside.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morgan 
have  been  blessed  with  five  children,  Eli  C.,  Arthur 
H.,  Edith  M.,  Charles  W.,  and  Ruth.  Mr.  Morgan 
has  demonstrated  his  ability  and  wisdom  in  the  suc- 
cess that  he  has  achieved  and  he  fully  deserves  the 
prominent  place  he  holds  in  the  esteem  and  respect 
of  his  fellows. 


ANDREW  O.  CHRISTENSON.  This  well-to- 
do  and  enterprising  farmer  of  Nez  Perces  county  is 
richly  deserving  of  consideration  in  this  volume  of 
his  county's  history  since  he  has  labored  faithfully  and 
deservingly  in  this  section  for  its  improvement  and 
upbuilding,  maintaining  meanwhile  a  good  reputation 
and  doing  good  work  on  his  estate  of  three  hundred 
and  twenty  acres,  four  miles  southwest  from  Genesee, 
where  he  operates  a  first  class  farm  in  a  commend- 
able manner.  He  was  born  in  Winnebago  county, 
Wisconsin,  in  May,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and 
Tona  (Olson)  Christenson,  natives  of  Norway,  but 
-migrants  to  Wisconsin  in  1854,  where  the  father 
igagecl  in  farming  and  the  mercantile  pursuit.  He 
rought  there  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc- 
irred  in  1884.  The  mother  died  in  1888  in  Latah 
-junty,  whither  she  had  gone  to  live  with  her  children. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  our  subject  came  to  the  west, 
landing  in  Walla  Walla  in  the  centennial  year.  Two 
years  were  spent  in  lumbering  and  then  he  went  to  Nez 
Perces  county  and  took  a  homestead  and  timber  claim, 
one  and  one  half  miles  distant  from  his  present  abode. 
He  afterward  sold  the  improvements  on  these  places 
and  returned  to  Walla  Walla  to  lumber  in  the  Cas- 
cade and  Blue  mountains.  For  five  years  he  followed 
this  stirring  industry  and  then  in  1884  bought  back 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


one  of  the  places  he  sold;  then,  having  married,  he 
settled  down  on  their  present  place,  which  was  given 
to  his  wife  by  her  father.  Thus  our  subject  is  hand- 
ling one  half  section  of  land  and  gains  abundant  re- 
turns of  crops,  while  he  also  pays  considerable  at- 
tention to  raising  stock,  being  successful  in  both  lines 
of  industry. 

On  July  14,  1881,  at  Lewiston,  Idaho,  Mr.  Chris- 
tenson  "married  Miss  Johana,  a  native  of  Wisconsin 
and  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Johana  Thompson, 
natives  of  Norway.  To  this  happy  marriage  there 
have  been  born  three  children,  Emma  E.,  Clarence  E., 
and  Harvey  G.  Mr.  Thompson  came  west  with  his 
family  in  1878.  his  wife  having  died  in  Wisconsin  in 
1859,  being  buried  in  Winnebago  county,  and  here  he 
homesteaded  the  place  where  our  subject  now  lives, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  on  Oc- 
tober 16,  1884,  he  gave  the  farm  to  Mrs.  Christenson. 
His  remains  were  buried  in  the  Genesee  cemetery;  he 
was  a  good  man  and  a  patriotic  citizen.  Mr.  Chris- 
tenson is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.,  Grenadier  Lodge 
No.  249.  He  has  served  for  fourteen  years  on  the 
school  board,  also  as  road  supervisor  and  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  prominent  men  of  his  section,  being 
highly  esteemed  and  manifesting  those  qualities  of 
worth  that  characterize  the  true  man  and  the  loyal 
citizen. 


WILLIAM  R.  GIBBS.  While  'there  are  some 
excellent  stockmen  and  agriculturists  in  Nez  Perces 
county,  it  is  fitting  that  the  subject  of  this  sketch  be 
accorded  position  with  the  leaders,  for  he  has  mani- 
fested a  stirring  energy,  wisdom  and  progressiveness 
in  his  career  which  has  been  fraught  with  abundant 
success,  especially  in  this  county. 

William  R.  Gibbs  was  born  in  Wilkes  county, 
North  Carolina,  on  February  24,  1861,  being  the  son 
of  Thomas  L.  and  Adeline'  (Howell)  Gibbs,  natives 
of  North  Carolina.  The  father  was  born  in  1832,  be- 
ing one  of  triplets.  He  and  his  two  brothers  were  so 
near  alike  that  people  could  not  tell  the  difference. 
They  are  all  carpenters  and  living  in  Wilkes  county 
still.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  1839  anil 
still  lives.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  of  North  Caro- 
lina. Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and 
remained  there  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty- 
two.  At  that  age  he  went  to  the  Pocahontas  coal 
mines  in  Virginia  and  wrought  for  one  year,  when  he 
returned  home.  Then  the  desire  to  see  the  west  was 
the  main  thing  that  led  him  to  Nez  Perces  county 
and  in  1886,  he  engaged  in  the  stock  business  here 
and  two  years  later  he  took  land.  Since  that  time 
he  has  been  one  of  the  active  factors  in  building  up 
this  country  and  he  is  to-day  one  of  the  heavy  land 
owners  in  the  vicinity.  He  has  three  farms,  one  all 
under  cultivation  and  well  improved  with  buildings, 
while  another  has  one  hundred  acres  under  culti- 
vation and  the  third  is  all  fenced  and  used  for  pasture. 
Mr.  Gibbs  is  investing  more  and  more  in  land  and 
stock.  He  also  handled  a  mercantile  business  and  a 
hotel  and  livery  stable  in  Morrow,  but  recently  sold 


them  all  and  is  now  devoting  himself  to  his  stock  and 
land.  At  present  he  is  making  his  home  in  Morrow 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  and  a  man  who  com- 
mands the  respect  of  all.  Mr.  Gibbs  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  a  stanch  Democrat  with  energy 
and  able  to  give  a' reason  for  his  political  faith.  His 
party  nominated  him  for  sheriff  of  Nez  Perces  county 
but  with  the  ticket  he  suffered  defeat.  Mr.  Gibbs  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Maggie  Davis,  who 
died  in  this  county  two  years  since;  Nancy  Walker, 
Sarah  Gibbs,  Ellen  Davis,  Martin,  Thomas,  all  in 
North  Carolina.  Mr,  Gibbs  is  one  of  the  most  active 
workers  for  good  schools  in  the  district  and  is  always 
allied  on  the  side  of  advancement  and  those  measures 
which  are  for  the  general  welfare. 


HON.  JOSEPH  L.  MEEK  will  live  in  the  mem- 
ory of  the  northwest  as  long  as  worthy  descendants  of 
noble  pioneers  are  interested  in  the  achievements  of 
those  intrepid  men  and  women  who  gave  to  us  this 
grand  country.  He  was  one  of  the  most  unique  and 
daring  characters  in  the  entire  northwest  and  his 
name  is  indissolubly  linked  with  its  history  as  his 
deeds  and  accomplishments  are  with  its  subjugation 
and  civilization.  Since  it  is  utterly  impossible  for 
us  in  this  capacity  to  give  a  complete  history  of  a  man 
of  national  reputation  and  so  prominent  as  he,  as  it 
would  take  a  whole  volume  to  accomplish  this  inter- 
esting undertaking,  we  will  give  an  epitome. 

Joseph  L.  Meek  was  born  in  Virginia  on  Febru- 
ary 9,  1810,  and  was  a  cousin  of  President  Polk.  He 
inherited  the  stirring  spirit  of  the  old  Virginia  cheva- 
liers and  in  March,  1829,  went  to  the  Rockies  and 
for  eleven  years  was  a  hunter  and  trapper.  Personally, 
he  was  a  man  above  six  feet  in  his  stockings,  well 
formed  and  active  as  a  deer,  while  his  spirit  never 
knew-  fear.  These  qualities  coupled  with  his  love  for 
adventure  and  the  wilds  of  the  west  led  him  to  take 
hold  of  his  chosen  life  with  a  zest  and  keen  relish 
and  he  was  always  known  as  one  of  the  most  daring 
of  frontiersmen,  skillful  and  sagacious,  unconquered 
by  fatigue  or  hardship  and  always  ready  for  the  most 
dangerous  exploit  or  expedition.'  Being  well  endowed 
with  natural  talent  and  passing  a  life  of  constant  ad- 
venture and  thrilling  escapes,  his  bright  memory 
could  give  the  exact  accounts  which  Frances  Fuller 
Victor  wove  into  the  entrancing  volume,  River  of  the 
West.  Later  in  life,  Mr.  Meek  delivered  a  very  in- 
teresting and  taking  lecture,  entitled  "From  the  Wig- 
wam to  the  Whitehouse ;"  being  accounts  of  his  various 
experiences.  At  one  time  he  held  a  seat  in  the  lower 
house  at  Washington  and  on  August  14,  1848,  was 
appointed  by  President  Polk  United  States  Marshal 
of  Oregon,  it  being  then  organized.  He  re- 
turned to  Oregon  and  filled  the  office  with 
efficiency  until  1853  ar»d  then  he  retired  to 
private  life.  At  the  time  of  the  Whitman  massacre, 
jo  Meek  was  sent  by  the  provincial  legislature  to  Wash- 
ington to  announce  the  tidings  and  lay  the  matter 
before  the  president  and  also  to  gain  such  legislation 


HON.  JOSEPH  L.  MEEK 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


169 


as  could  be  given  for  the  benefit  of  the  west.  He  ac- 
complished the  trip  across  the  Rockies  in  the  dead 
of  winter  and  on  to  Washington  in  an  incredibly  short 
time,  where  he  was  a  guest  in  the  Whitehouse.  His 
stay  there  is  a  matter  of  history  and  when  the  early 
•days  of  autumn  came,  he  bade  farewell  to  the  scenes 
of 'the  nation's  capital,  accepted  the  commission  from 
President  Polk,  and  turned  his  face  toward  the 
weary  trials  of  the  west  and  bivouacked  later  where 
rolls  the  Oregon,  in  the  land  where  he  had  achieved 
and  was  to  achieve  much  for  the  advancement  of  the 
•country  and  the  making  of  a  state. 

Adapting  himself  to  the  cause  he  had  taken  up, 
Mr.  Meek  married  a  native  woman,  who  was  murdered 
by  the  Indians.  He  married  a  second  time  and  later 
took  as  his  wife  a  maiden  of  sixteen  years,  whom  he 
named  Virginia,  in  honor  of  his  native  state.  She  was 
born  in  the  year  1820  on  Clearwater  river  near  the 
present  site  of  Kamiah  and  was  a  full  blood  Nez. 
Perce.  To  this  couple  were  born  the  following  issue, 
•Courtney  W.,  Olive  L.,  wife  of  Wm.  Riley,  Jennie, 
wife  of  Chas.  Newhard,  Joseph  L.,  Stephen  A.  D. 
They  all  have  good  allotments  of  land  in  Idaho  and 
possess  the  spirit  of  their  father. 

On  January  20,  1875,  Mr.  Meek  was  called  to 
depart  this  life  and  his  last  hours  were  spent  on  the 
old  donation  claim  in  Washington  county,  Oregon. 
His  wife  died  March  5,  1000,  aged  eighty;  she  had 
been  a  faithful  companion  in  all  his  labors  and  achieve- 
ments in  Oregon. 


JOHN  LIVENGOOD  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
the  reservation,  having  located  on  his  present  farm  on 
November  18,  1895,  the  day  the  reservation  was 
thrown  open  for  settlement.  He  has  devoted  himself 
to  farming  and  stockraising  since  that  time  and  has 
had  abundant  success  in  it  all. 

John  Livengood  was  born  in  Indiana,  on  March 
19,  1854,  the  son  of  David  and  Elizabeth  (Tilery) 
Livengood,  of  German  descent  and  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  Kentucky,  respectively.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  in  his  native  place 
and  in  1874  he  moved  to  Topeka,  Kansas,  where  he 
farmed  and  raised  stock  for  seventeen  years.  In  1890 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  Moscow,  and  there  farmed. 
Soon,  however,  he  was  at  Leland  in  the  freighting 
business.  This  was  the  home  of  the  family  until  the 
reservation  opened  and  then  he  came  to  his  present 
place  about  two  miles  northwest  from  Mohler  and 
took  a  homestead.  At  this  time  Mr.  Livengood  had 
a  race  to  secure  his  land  but  his  skill  and  grit  gave 
"him  success  and  he  got  the  prize.  Among  other  im- 
provements, he  has  doubtless  the  best  well  on  the 
reservation,  it  costing  over  five  hundred  dollars.  The 
•estate  is  one  of  great  value  and  has  been  improved  in 
excellent  shape.  He  and  his  sons  farm  this  with 
enough  rented  land  to  make  nine  hundred  acres  and 
last  year  their  threshing  bill  alone,  exclusive  of  all 
other  expenses  was  thirteen  hundred  dollars,  which 
indicates  the  mammoth  business  they  are  handling. 


In  Topeka,  Kansas,  on  November  2,  1877,  Mr. 
Livengood  married  Miss  Emma  A.  Ferguson,  a  native 
of  Cass  county,  Missouri,  and  to  them  have  been  born 
the  following'  children :  Arthur  T.,  Walter  W.,  Ella 
M.,  wife  of  Robert  Read,  at  Prescott,  Washington; 
Otto,  Nora  P.,  Urban,  Ernest.  The  two  eldest  sons 
are  married.  Mr.  Livengood  is  a  Democrat  in  national 
politics  but  in  other  matters  he  always  votes  for  the 
man. 


ANDREW  E.  ROBBINS  is  one  of  the  industri- 
ous and  stirring  men  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  by  his 
skill  in  handling  the  resources  of  the  country  and  by 
his  thrift  he  has  accumulated  a  good  holding  in  this 
world's  goods  in  the  years  in  which  he  has  domiciled 
here.  He,  was  born  in  Overton  county,  Tennessee,  in 
1863,  being  the  son  of  Preston  and  Sinda  (Rucart) 
Robbins,  both  of  whon  died  when  he  was  small.  He 
was  then  placed  with  relatives  and  to  use  his  express- 
ion, "I  had  to  dig  for  a  living"  and  continued  in  this 
strenuous  line  until  grown  to  manhood.  Being  thus 
associated  with  others  his  education  was  neglected  and 
he  has  had  to  secure  training  in  later  years.  When 
eighteen  years  old  he  came  out  in  the  world  for  himself 
and  commenced  to  work  for  wages.  Then  he  teamed 
and  later  farmed  for  himself.  After  some  time  in  these 
two  occupations  he  came  to  Seattle  and  there  teamed 
for  some  time.  Next  we  see  him  in  Prescott,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  farmed  for  four  years,  and  then  lo- 
cated a  homestead  in  the  Weippe  country,  which  he 
relinquished  back  to  the  government  later,  and  in  1898 
he  came  to  Leland  and  located  one  hundred  and  forty- 
four  acres  three  miles  south  of  this  place.  He  devoted 
himself  to  improving  and  developing  it  and  has  a  good 
place.  He  also  handles  considerable  stock  and  in 
January,  1903,  he  came  to  Leland  and  bought  the  only 
hotel  in  the  place  and  since  that  time  he  has  been 
managing  it.  He  made  this  last  move  for  the  purpose 
of  giving  his  children  schooling. 

On  November  13,  1879,  Mr.  Robbins  married  Miss 
Sarah,  daughter  of  V.  V.  and  Frankie  (Ashburn) 
Vaughn.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Overton  county, 
Tennessee,  and  Mrs.  Robbins  is  a  native  of  the  same 
state.  Nine  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, 
named  as  follows:  Laura  A.,  Minnie  A.,  Emma  L., 
Addie  A.,  Echo  H.,  Idaho  V.,  Zelma  F.,  Granville, 
deceased,  and  an  infant  son  not  named.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Robbins  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and 
are  devout  and  exemplary  people. 


F.  B.  PRINE  is  one  of  the  early  pioneers  in  Ore- 
gon and  his  name  is  immovably  printed  in  the  history 
of  the  state  and  his  works,  as  a  courageous  and  hardy 
frontiersman,  have  accomplished  much  for  the  up- 
building and  civilization  of  the  state.  He  was  born  in 
Missouri,  in  1841,  the  son  of  Frank  and  Elsie 
(Dealey)  Prine.  In  1853,  he  came  overland  to  Oregon 
and  settled  in  Linn  county.  There  he  received  his  edu- 
cation and  remained  until  1868,  in  which  year  he  came 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


where  Prineville  is  now  situated,  settled,  located  the 
town  and  named  it.  He  remained  there  until  1875 
and  then  went  to  Silver  City  and  mined,  later  sought 
the  precious  metal  in  Boise,  after  which  he  settled  in 
Weston,  Oregon,  and  opened  a  shop.  Mr.  Prine  had 
previously  became  a  skilled  blacksmith  and  for 
twenty-five  years  he  beat  the  anvil  in  Weston 
to  the  time  of  honest  industry  and  skillful 
work,  being  one  of  the  substantial  and  re- 
spected citizens.  Then,  it  being  1902,  he  became 
animated  with  the  spirit  of  migration  and  Lapwai 
was  the  fortunate  town  to  receive  his  residence.  He 
opened  a  shop  and  at  once  had  a  good  business  and 
since  that  time  he  has  continued  here  giving  his  atten- 
tion to  his  trade.  In  1862,  Mr.  Prine  had  passed 
through  this  section  and  in  1865  he  soldiered  here  for 
eleven  months. 

In  1867  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Prine  and 
Miss  Eliza  Sylvester,  a  native  of  England,  and  to 
them  have  been  born  two  children,  Frank  D.,  the 
first  white  child  born  in  Prineville;  Cora  Bell,  now 
the  wife  of  Clifford  Tucker,  at  Weston.  The  son  is 
married  and  lives  in  British  Columbia.  Mr.  Prine  is 
a  man  of  good  substantial  qualities  and  has  made  a 
first  class  record  and  done  a  worthy  labor  in  his  vari- 
ous capacities  on  the  frontier  and  in  building  up  the 
country. 


FRANK  E.  HARRIS.  The  excellent  ability  and 
industry  of  our  subject  coupled  with  integrity  and 
geniality  have  lead  him  to  give  strict  attention  to  a 
thriving  business  guided  by  a  skillful  hand,  and  have 
given  him  the  excellent  prestige  which  he  enjoys  at  this 
time  together  with  the  good  will  and  esteem  of  all. 

Frank  T.  Harris  was  born  in  Highland,  Wisconsin, 
on  June  21,  1874,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Catherine  (Sleep)  Harris,  natives  of  England.  They 
were  married  in  Wisconsin  and  the  mother  died  in 
Darlington,  in  that  state,  in  June,  1884,  aged  twenty- 
nine.  The  father  of  our  subject  came  to  the  United 
States  with  his  father  when  he  was  a  boy,  settled  in 
Wisconsin  and  there  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade. 
He  now  owns  and  operates  a  shoe  store  in  Pullman, 
Washington.  Our  subject  attended  school  in  Wis- 
consin until  eleven  and  then  came  to  Genesee,  where 
he  studied  some  more.  The  father  operated  a  drug 
store  and  Frank  early  learned  the  apothecary's  art. 
In  1893  he  went  to  Spokane  and  engaged  with  the 
Spokane  Drug  Company,  a  wholesale  and  retail  con- 
cern. He  served  a  proper  time  there  and  then  spent 
one  year  in  surveying.  When  the  call  came  for  troops 
in  the  Philippine  struggle,  he  pressed  to  the  front  and 
enlisted  in  Company  D,  First  Idaho  Volunteers,  under 
Captain  Edward  Smith  of  Moscow,  and  Colonel  Fig- 
ginson.  Mr.  Harris  participated  in  the  first  battle 
of  Manila  and  continued  in  the  conflict  until  its  sur- 
render. He  was  in  thirteen  battles  and  skirmishes. 
On  August  25,  1899,  he  returned  and  in  the  same  year 
he  bought  the  business  which  his  father  was  conduct- 
ing in  Leland,  he  having  come  thither  from  Genesee. 
Our  subject  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  William, 


in  North  Dakota;  Frederick,  in  Spokane;  Cora,  wife 
of  H.  Sampson,  at  Harrison.  Idaho.  He  also  has  two 
half-brothers  and  two  half-sisters,  John,  in  North 
Yakima ;  Herbert,  in  Pullman ;  Beulah  and  Ethel,  with 
their  parents. 

On  April  30,  1901,  Mr.  Harris  married  Mabel, 
daughter  of  Mary  (Johnson)  Chapman.  The  father 
died  in  Dixie,  Washington,  in  April,  1899.  The 
mother  is  still  living  in  Washington.  Mrs.  Harris  was 
born  in  Iowa,  on  June  15,  1884,  and  her  wedding 
d  in  Lewiston.  She  was  educated  in  the  graded 
nd  high  school  in  Lewiston.  Mr.  Harris  is  a  member 
90. 


occurred  in  Lewiston.  She  was  educated  in  th< 
and  high  school  in  Lewiston.  Mr.  Harris  is  a 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Leland  Lodge  No.  90. 


GEORGE  A.  CHAPMAN,  a  farmer  and  stock- 
man, whose  efforts  of  industry  and  thrift  have  been 
rewarded  with  a  good  property  holding,  lives  one 
fourth  of  a  mile  west  from  Fletcher,  and  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  leading  men  of  the  section.  He  was 
born  in  Tama  county,  Iowa,  on  June  9,  1874,  being 
the  son  of  Thomas  C.  and  Matilda  J.  (Hall)  Chap- 
man, whose  efforts  of  industry  and  thrift  have  been 
parents  were  pioneers  of  that  state  and  Iowa.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  1848,  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  her  parents  were  pioneers  in  that  state 
and  Iowa,  and  her  mother  is  living  in  Iowa  aged  over 
eighty.  When  George  was  ten  the  family  came  to- 
Buffalo  county,  Nebraska,  and  there  he  completed  his 
education.  In  1893,  he  came  with  his  parents  to- 
Troy,  Latah  county,  and  in  April,  1896,  took  his  present 
place  as  a  homestead.  This  has  been  the  home  since 
that  time  and  it  is  a  well  improved  and  valuable  place, 
sixty  acres  being  under  cultivation,  while  he  also  farms 
eighty  acres  adjoining.  He  handles  many  hogs,  hav- 
ing fine  thoroughbred  Poland  China  and  Berkshire. 

On  July  ii,  1900,  Mr.  Chapman  married  Miss 
Norah  E.,  daughter  of  Richard  C.  and  Mary  E.  (Tip- 
ton)  Young.  Mrs.  Chapman  was  born  in  Dayton, 
Washington,  on  September  3,  1879,  and  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters:  Jonathan  T., 
Frank,  Edward  R.,  Alexander,  David  H.,  John  W., 
Charles  C.,  Tames  J.,  India  Dove,  Amelia  E.  Clark, 
Rosie  B.  Young.  Maggie  J.  Davis.  Mr.  Chapman  has 
seven  brothers  and  sisters,  Agnes  S.  Willoughby,  Will- 
iam E.,  Roy  T.,  Irene  Nichols,  Lola,  Minnie  Regan, 
Jessie.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Chapman,  Ivan  S.,  born  April  7,  1901 ;  Edna,  born 
May  17,  1902.  Mr.  Chapman  is  a  Republican  and 
active  in  the  campaigns.  Fraternally  he  is  affiliated 
with  the  W.  W.,  Phiney  Camp,  No.  492,  of  Fletcher. 
Mr.  Young  was  born  in  Rush  county,  Indiana,  on 
June  II,  1831,  and  his  wife  was  born  in  Ohio,  October 
28,  1834.  Mr.  Young's  father,  Alex  Young,  came 
came  from  his  native  land,  Scotland,  to  Virginia, 
thence  to  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania,  thence 
to  Fleming  county,  Kentucky,  where  he  married. 
He  took  part  in  the  war  of  1812  and  received  a  forty 
acre  tract  of  land  in  Washington  county,  Iowa,  for  his 
services.  Thither  the  family  came  and  Richard  was 
reared  and  educated  there.  He  enlisted  in  the  Eighth 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


171 


Iowa  Infantry  on  August  10,  1861,  and  was  honorably 
discharged  on  June  II,  1864,  having  done  excellent 
service.  He  was  in  Missouri  under  Fremont  and  Mc- 
Kenzie,  participated  in  the  conflict  of  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing, was  captured  and  languished  at  Macon,  Georgia, 
for  sixty  days  before  he  was  exchanged  and  his 
company  reorganized  at  St.  Louis.  He  fought  through 
the  battles  on  the  Mississippi,  was  at  Champion  Hill 
and  Vicksburg.  His  company  was  after  Johnson  when 
he  retreated.  He  was  discharged  at  Davenport,  Iowa, 
on  account  of  sickness  and  continued  to  live  in  Iowa 
until  1869.  Then  came  a  move  to  Kansas,  whence  he 
came  to  Oregon,  in  June,  1877,  following  which  he 
went  to  Columbia  county,  Washington,  and  finally  to 
Whitman  county.  In  June,  1897,  he  removed  to 
Fletcher,  where  he  now  resides. 


WILLIAM  A.  TNGLE.  Among  the  pioneers  of 
this  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county  should  be  mentioned 
the  estimable  gentleman  and  thrifty  farmer  and  stock- 
man whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article  and 
who  has  labored  for  the  development  of  the  resources 
of  the  country  in  a  becoming  and  wise  manner  for 
a  good  many  years,  having  now  the  need  of  a  good 
property  which  his  industry  and  thrift  have  accumu- 
lated. Mr.  Ingle  was  born  in  Benton  county, 
Arkansas,  on  May  25,  1856,  being  the  son  of  James 
T.  and  Nancy  J.'  (Brantley)  Ingle,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee. They  emigrated  to  Arkansas  and  there,  in 
1900,  the  mother  died  and  was  buried  in  the  Bloom- 
field  cemetery,  and  the  father  still  lives  in  Blopmfield. 
William  A.  received  a  common  school  education  and 
remained  with  his  father  until  the  age  of  eighteen, 
when  he  married  Miss  Malinda  P.  Voding,  and  the 
same  year,  1874,  came  with  his  bride  to  Walla  Walla, 
where  he  remained  for  one  year  and  then  removed  to 
southern  Idaho,  remaining  one  year,  when  he  went 
back  to  Arkansas.  That  state  "was  his  home  until 
1883,  when  he  again  came  west,  purchasing  eighty 
acres  where  he  now  lives,  about  three  miles  south  from 
Genesee.  He  has  added  since  one  hundred  and 
thirty  acres  by  purchase.  His  estate  is  one  of  great 
fertility  and  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  pro- 
ducing abundant  crops.  In  addition  to  general  farm- 
ing and  raising  fruit,  he  handles  a  bunch  of  cattle, 
having  about  forty  head  and  he  sells  a  number  every 
year.  Mr.  Ingle  has  fine  and  comfortable  buildings 
and  is  a  wise  farmer,  having  everything  cared  for  in 
good  shape. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ingle  there  have  been  born  the 
following  children:  Charles  S.,  married  to  Tilda 
Tunning  and  living  in  this  county ;  Maud  L.,  wife  of 
James  Willows  and  living  in  this  county;  Thomas 
E.,  living  in  Genesee;  Bonnie  E.,  Minnie  J.  and 
Iva,  the  last  three  living  at  home  and  attending  school. 
Mrs.  Ingle's  parents,  Elga  and  Jane  (Gleen)  Voding, 
natives  of  Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  respectively, 
moved  to  Arkansas  where  the  father  died  and  is  in- 
terred in  the  Decatur  cemetery.  The  mother  is  still 
living,  her  home  being  in  Maple  City,  Kansas.  Mr. 


Mr.  Ingle  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  also  of 
the  Christian  church,  while  his  wife  affiliates  with  the 
Methodist  church.  Mr.  Ingle  is  one  of  the  substantial 
men  of  the  county  and  has  demonstrated  his  ability 
and  worth  in  his  walk,  both  in  business  operations 
and  in  social  life,  as  well  as  in  manifestation  of  true 
Christian  uprightness  and  candor. 


ELECTUS  M.  FROST.  A  pioneer  of  various 
sections,  a  veteran  of  the  terrible  war  of  the  Rebellion, 
a  capable  and  public  minded  citizen,  and  now  one  of 
the  well  to  do  farmers  in  the  vicinity  of  Melrose,  the 
subject  of  this  article  is  granted  consideration  in  this 
volume  by  right. 

Electus  M.  Frost  was  born  in  Bradford  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  June  22,  1841,  being  the  son  of  John 
O.  and  Jane  CWilsie)  Frost,  natives  of  Connecticut, 
and  died  in  1857  and  1859,  respectively.  The  father 
was  born  in  1808.  Electus  received  his  education  in 
Pennsylvania  and  when  sixteen  his  father  died  and 
he  and  his  older  brother  were  called  upon  to  support 
the  family.  Two  years  later  the  mother  died  and  our 
subject  went  to  do  for  himself.  He  learned  the  shoe- 
makers trade  and  wrought  at  it  until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war,  when  he  laid  all  aside  and  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry, 
under  General  Meade.  He  also  served  under  General 
McClellan.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Gaines- 
ville and  some  skirmishes  and  in  1862,  he  was  dis- 
charged for  disability.  Returning  home  he  wrought 
at  his  trade  until  1879,  having  taken  a  journey  to 
California  in  the  meantime,  the  year  of  that  excursion 
being  1872.  In  1879  he  bought  a  farm  and  tilled  it 
until  1887,  when  he  came  west  to  Latah  county  and 
bought  a  farm  of  two  hundred  and  eighty-five  acres. 
He  did  general  farming  and  raised  horses,  and  did  well. 
In  1893  he  was  pinched  in  the  crash  and  sold  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  acres  of  land.  He  made  that 
his  home  until  1901,  when  he  came  to  the  reservation 
and  secured  a  quarter  where  he  now  lives,  one  and  one 
half  miles  south  of  Melrose.  He  also  owns  the 
quarter  in  Latah  county. 

In  1864  Mr.  Frost  married  Miss  Mary  J.,  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  and  Eliza  A.  (Bryan)  Warren.  The 
father  was  born  in  Sullivan  county,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1798,  being  the  first  male  white  child  born  there. 
His  parents  were  pioneers  there  from  England  in  1796 
and  for  one  year  they  did  not  see  a  white  woman. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Frost  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  1808.  of  English  extraction.  Mrs.  Frost  was  born 
in  Pennslvania,  Sullivan  county,  in  1844  and  in  her 
younger  years  was  a  teacher  in  the  schools.  She  had 
one  sister  and  one  brother,  both  being  dead.  Mr. 
Frost  has  one  sister  and  three  brothers,  Mary  Nichols, 
in  South  Carolina;  Clayton,  John  O.  and  Henry. 
The  brothers  were  all  through  the  Civil  war.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frost  there  have  been  born  six  children: 
Frank,  at  Ithica,  New  York,  conductor  on  a  railroad; 
Cora  Collins,  in  Latah  county  ;  John,  deceased ;  Emma 
Fritz  and  Maud  Thomas, '  in  Nez  Perces  county ; 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Fred,  at  home.  Mr.  Frost  is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic order  and  also  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Mrs.  Frost  is  a 
devout  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr.  Frost 
is  a  Republican  and  is  an  active  participant  in  all 
questions  of  government  and  of  local  interest. 


GEORGE  MUCKEN.  The  reservation  country 
shows  some  of  the  finest  tilled  farms  in  the  county 
and  among  this  number  we  should  mention  that  owned 
by  the  subject  of  this  article,  whose  labor  and  skill 
have  been  well  manifested  here  in  his  achievements. 
George  Mucken  was  born  in  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine, 
on  September  29,  1865,  being  the  son  of  John  P.  and 
Susan  Mucken,  natives  of  the  same  country.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  and 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one  joined  the  regular  army  and 
served  two  years.  In  1892  he  started  from  Bremen 
to  New  York,  leaving  his  parents  and  two  brothers  in 
the  old  country.  He  came  on  to  Stearns  county, 
Minnesota,  and'  later  to  Whitman  county,  where  he 
wrought  for  wages  until  the  reservation  opened.  He 
was  on  hand  and  selected  his  present  place,  about 
three  miles  northwest  from  Nezperce  and  filed  the 
nineteenth  day  of  November,  1893.  He  had  only  five 
dollars  in  cash,  but  commenced  the  good  work  of 
improvement  with  a  will  and  an  empty  pocket.  He 
erected  a  small  cabin  and  was  soon  at  work  for  a 
salary,  using  the  money  to  improve  with  until  he  got 
a  start  and  then  devoted  himself  entirely  to  the  culti- 
vation and  handling  of  the  estate.  The  result  is  that 
he  has  a  good  and  valuable  farm.  In  the  fall  of 
1898,  Mr.  Mucken  went  back  to  Germany  for  a  visit 
and  had  a  very  enjoyable  time.  He  returned  the 
following  spring  and  went  on  with  his  farm  improve- 
On  April  1 8,  1900,  Mr.  Mucken  married  Miss 
Mary  E.  Seubert,  a  native  of  Bavaria,  Germany,  who 
came  with  her  parents  to  the  United  States  when  she 
was  thirteen.  They  settled  in  Illinois,  later  went  to 
South  Dakota  and  thence  to  the  reservation  in  the 
spring  of  1902.  Mrs.  Mucken  had  come  three  years 
previous  to  that.  One  child  has  been  born  to  this 
union,  Louisa  S.  Mr.  Mucken  and  his  wife  are  de- 
vout members,  of  the  Catholic  church  and  are  of 
excellent  standing  in  the  community. 


JOSEPH  W.  STONEBURNER,  M.  D..  is  one  of 
the  popular  and  able  physicians  of  Nez  Perces  county 
and  because  of  his  ability,  integrity,  and  skill,  he 
enjoys  a  fine  practice,  having  his  office  and  head- 
quarters in  Leland. 

Joseph  W.  Stoneburner  was  born  in  Fairfield 
county,  Ohio,  on  February  n,  1865,  being  the  son  of 
Israel  and  Catherine  (Welty)  Stoneburner,  natives  of 
Ohio.  The  paternal  grandfather  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, married  in  Harper's  Ferry  to  Susan  Sowders, 
whose  ancestors  were  distillers  for  generations.  He 
was  a  Dunkard  preacher.  The  father  of  our  subject 


is  living  in  Decatur,  Indiana,  aged  eighty-eight,  being 
a  retired  farmer.  He  had  three  brothers  who  were 
preachers  in  the  Dunkard  church,  one  of  whom  lived 
to  be  ninety-two  years  old.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject died  on  November  28,  1870.  Her  father,  Peter 
Welty,  was  of  German  descent  and  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia. He  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolution  and  was 
at  Valley  Forge  and  crossed  the  Delaware  on  the 
memorable  night  of  the  attack  on  the  Hessians.  His 
son,  Colonel  Seth  Welty,  was  a  colonel  in  the  Civil  war 
and  is  now  a  prominent  attorney  in  Logan,  Ohio. 
Our  subject  attended  district  school  until  sixteen,  then 
entered  Valparaiso  college,  where  he  studied  two  years, 
after  which  he  learned  the  art  of  steam  engineering. 
During  his  labor  in  this  calling  he  saved  money  enough 
to  educate  a  brother  and  also  to  put  himself  through 
his  professional  course.  For  five  years  he  read  medi- 
cine and  then  entered  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  at 
Cincinnati,  whence  he  graduated  in  three  years.  He 
practiced  in  Berne,  Indiana,  from  July,  1892,  to  1898, 
then  came  west  to  Leland  and  since  that  time  has  been 
doing  a  good  practice  here.  Dr.  Stoneburner  has  three 
brothers  and  two  sisters,  lesse  W.,  a  preacher  in  the 
Dunkard  church;  Abraham,  farmer;  John  B.,  a 
talented  musician  and  handling  a  music  store ;  Mary, 
wife  of  G.  W.  Woodward,  a  merchant;  Allie,  wife 
of  W.  Kitson,  all  in  Decatur.  Dr.  Stoneburner  is 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Kendrick  No.  26; 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  being  noble  grand  of  Leland, 
No.  90;  of  the  K.  P.,  being  past  chancellor  of  Berne 
Lodge,  No.  96,  in  Indiana.  He  is  a  stanch  Democrat 
and  has  been  a  delegate  to  the  state  and  county  con- 
ventions and  this  past  year  was  the  strongest  opponent 
to  Hunt.  The  Doctor  is  popular  and  well  liked  as 
his  good  standing  and  gratifying  practice  testify. 


HON.  WILLIAM  L.  THOMPSON  is  a  man  of 
decided  popularity  among  the  people  of  Nez  Perces 
county  and  he  deserves  the  same  for  he  has  been  a 
laborer  here  for  many  years,  has  demonstrated  him- 
self to  be  possessed  of  keen  business  ability,  has  mani- 
fested upright  principles  and  integrity  and  has  shown 
forth  in  sterling  worth  in  all  his  ways. 

William  L.  Thompson  was  born  in  Wapello, 
Louisa  countv,  Iowa,  on  July  18,  1857,  being  the  son 
of  Andrew  and  Elizabeth  (Willis)  Thompson,  natives 
of  Ohio.  The  father  was  born  in  1820  and  died  in 
1892.  The  mother  was  born  in  1822  and  is  still  living. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  place  and  labored 
on  the  farm  and  attended  school,  then  earned  money 
by  teaching  to  gain  an  academic  course  at  Mt. 
Pleasant,  Iowa,  and  then  earned  more  to  put  him 
through  the  scientific  course  in  the  Valparaiso  school  in 
Indiana.  He  followed  teaching  until  he  was  twenty- 
seven  and  then  set  out  on  the  journey  to  the  great 
west.  He  finally  landed  in  Nez  Perces  county  and 
finding  resources  and  surroundings  congenial  and  to 
his  liking  he  settled  on  a  piece  of  land  about  three 
miles  west  from  where  Morrow  now  stands  and  set 
to  the  task  of  building  a  home,  farming,  and  raising 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


stock.  He  has  been  eminently  successful  in  these 
worthy  endeavors  and  has  a  fine  well  improved  farm 
and  considerable  stock.  The  estate  is  a  half  section 
and  a  valuable  piece  of  land.  Mr.  Thompson  located 
the  town  site  of  Morrow  in  1896,  started  a  store  and 
soon  had  a  postoffice  and  since  that  time  has  con- 
tinued as  postmaster  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all. 
He  has  been  active  and  influential  in  putting  the  edu- 
cational affairs  of  the  section  in  good  shape  both  in 
this  district  and  where  his  land  is  situated.  Mr. 
Thompson  sold  his  mercantile  establishment  in  1900, 
and  since  then  has  devoted  himself  to  his  stock  and 
farms.  He  has  twice  been  elected  by  the  people  to 
represent  Nez  Perces  county  in  the  state  legislature. 
once  in  the  time  when  Latah  was  set  off,  and  once  in 
1894.  He  served  his  constituency  to  their  entire  satis- 
faction and  demonstrated  his  ability  in  the  halls  of 
legislation  as  he  had  done  in  the  quieter  walks  of  life 
here. 

On  October  i,  1888,  Mr.  Thompson  married  Miss 
Estella,  daughter  of  Hayden  and  Barbara  Smith.  The 
wedding  occurred  in  Cottonwood.  Mrs.  Thompson 
was  born  in  California  on  June  4,  1870,  and  has 
three  brothers:  W.  S.,  J.  H.,  and  C.  S.,  all  in  Nez 
Perces  county.  Mr.  Thompson  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  Mary  Harkness,  Nancy 
J.  Armstrong,  Laura  E.  Gimes,  Martha  L.  DeGarmo", 
Olive  C.  Porter  and  Oliver,  twins,  J.  F.  Seven  chil- 
dren were  born  to  this  worthy  couple.Vieva,  Voss, 
Volney,  Vaguno,  Vaster,  Verea  and  Vivian.  Mr. 
Thompson  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the  Insti- 
tute lodge  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  in  Morrow.  His  wife 
is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church  and  Mr.  Thomp- 
son takes  great  interest  in  building  up  the  church  and 
helping  in  general  progress. 


JESSE  P.  WILLIAMS.  About  two  miles  south- 
east from  Fairburn  is  to  be  found  the  home  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article.  He  secured  his  place,  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  fine  timber  land,  under  homestead 
right  and  although  he  has  met  with  reverses  in  his 
labors  since  coming  here  he  has  gone  forward  with  the 
work  of  improvement  and  will  in  time  have  one  of  the 
excellent  farms  of  the  section.  He  was  born  in  Surry 
county,  North  Carolina,  on  February  9,  1868,  being  the 
son  of  Joel  W.  and  Myrtle  Lane,  natives  of  the  same 
county.  The  father  was  a  school  teacher,  born  in  1832 
and  married  in  1861.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  our 
subject  are  named  as  follows,  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  Frank 
Day  and  born  August  5,  1864;  Nannie  Bush,  born 
February  28,  1866;  Mary  E.  McKee,  born  in  April, 
1870;  Jonah,  born  August  12,  1874;  William,  born  in 
September,  1876;  Fannie,  wife  of  Frank  Randies,  born 
in  1876,  a  twin  of  William.  Our  subject  was  left  an 
orphan  at  the  age  of  eleven,  worked  for  strangers  for 
a  living  and  in  the  spring  of  1899  came  to  Coif  ax  and 
gained  a  start  in  working  out.  Then  he  came  to  Nez 
Perces  county  and  settled  on  his  present  place,  where 
he  has  labored  since.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republican. 

On  February  10,  1895,  Mr.  Williams  married  Miss 


Salina,  daughter  of  William  and  Salina  E.  White,  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  served  in  the  Re- 
bellion. Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage, 
Anna  G.,  born  in  Nez  Perces  county,  November  17, 
1900;  William  J.,  born  July  4,  1902. 


CHARLES  E.  MORRIS.  It  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  are  enabled  to  grant  space  in  this  work  to  the  well 
known  and  talented  business  man  whose  name  initi- 
ates this  poragraph  for  a  review  of  his  career.  Mr. 
Morris  is  at  present  time  the  incumbent  of  the  post- 
office  at  Myrtle,  where  he  is  serving  in  an  acceptable 
manner,  while  he  also  handles  a  general  merchandise 
business.  In  this  line,  Mr.  Morris  is  achieving  a  special 
success,  having  both  the  talent  and  the  reliability  to 
handle  a  successful  business.  He  is  bright  in  observ- 
ing the  class  of  goods  needed,  is  quick  to  provide  for 
the  demands  of  the  people,  and  withal  is  a  man  upon 
whom  the  people  can  rely,  and  who  has  won  a  generous 
patronage.  This  is  enabling  him  to  constantly  increase 
his  stock,  which  is  very  complete  now,  and  thus  is 
brought  to  the  doors  of  the  farmers  a  large  assortment 
for  them  to  select  from,  which  supplies  their  wants 
cheaper  than  could  be  done  by  expensive  trips  to  the 
city. 

Charles  E.  Morris  was  born  in  Columbia  county, 
Washington,  on  April  19,  1875,  being  the  son  of  Mason 
and  Elizabeth  M.  (Bramlett)  Morris.  He  was  raised 
in  his  native  county  and  there  gained  his  education  in 
the  graded  schools.  In  1886  the  family  came  to  Ken- 
drick,  and  there  Charles  wrought  with  his  father  until 
of  age,  when  he  took  land  which  he  farmed  until  1901, 
then  came  and  bought  land  where  he  is  now  located. 
He  erected  a  good  store  building  and  at  once  went  into 
business.  He  has  five  brothers  and  two  sisters. 

On  October  15,  1899,  Mr.  Morris  married  May  E. 
Glasby,  who  was"  born  in  Kansas  on  May  16,  1883. 
One  son,  Herschel,  born  July  31,  1900,  and  a  sturdy, 
bright  boy.  who  promises  to  add  laurels  to  the  worthy 
labors  of  his  ancestors,  has  come  to  bless  this  happy 
home.  Mr.  Morris  stands  exceptionally  well  with  the 
people,  is  an  affable  and  genial  man,  and  a  thorough 
business  operator,  being  alive  to  the  interests  both  of 
his  customers  as  well  as  the  extension  of  his  trade. 


THEODORE  SCHLUETER  is  one  of  the  younger 
men  whose  energy  and  skill  have  done  a  good  portion 
in  the  excellent  work  of  improving  this  country  and 
building  up  its  prosperous  condition.  He  was  born  in 
Hanover.  Germany,  on  May  18,  1867,  being  the  son  of 
Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Genteman)  Schlueter,  natives 
of  Hanover,  and  born  October  17,  1837,  and  December 
18,1842,  respectively.  The  father  visited  the  United 
States  in  1898  and  is  still  living  in  his  native  land.  Our 
subject  was  educated  and  reared  in  his  native  land 
learning  also  the  carpenter  and  cabinet  maker's  trades. 
When  nineteen  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  lived 
in  St.  Louis  until  1888.  Then  came  a  trip  to  Spokane, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


where  he  landed  one  week  before  the  awful  fire. 
He  spent  one  year  in  Dakota,  however,  before  he  came 
to  Spokane.  He  worked  on  the  farm  and  at  his  trade 
in  Spokane  for  a  year  and  then  went  to  Adams  county, 
Washington.  After  two  years  there  he  went  to  the 
Blue  mountains  in  1891  where  he  remained  cutting 
wood  until  1892.  He  visited  Uniontown,  Whitman 
county,  and  in  the  fall  of  1895,  he  was  on  the  site  of 
his  present  place,  which  adjoins  Fletcher.  Mr.  Schlue- 
ter  built  the  first  house  on  the  reservation,  it  being  for 
Courtney  Meek.  In  the  spring  of  1896,  he  came  onto 
the  homestead  and  since  that  time  he  has  given  himself 
to  the  work  of  improvement.  He  has  a  good  farm, 
well  improved  and  raises  many  thoroughbred  Poland 
China  and  Berkshire  hogs. 

On  June  7,  1900,  Mr.  Schlueter  married  Miss  Ce- 
cilia J.  Stollberg,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Caroline 
Stollberg,  natives  of  Hanover.  Mrs.  Schlueter  was 
born  in  Hanover,  on  October  6,  1874,  and  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters,  Alois,  Edward, 
Joseph.  Mr.  Schlueter  has  five  brothers  and  sisters, 
Frank,  Henry,  William,  Otto,  Caroline.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Schlueter  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church  and  he 
is  affiliated  with  the  Catholic  Foresters  of  America. 
He  also  belongs  to  the  M.  W.  A.,  being  secretary  of  the 
order.  Mr.  Schlueter  is  a  Democrat  and  well  posted 
in  the  matters  of  local  import. 


GEORGE  GILLAND.  It  was  in  a  very  early  day 
that  Mr.  Gilland  found  the  "Way  of  the  West"  and 
since  the  first  he  has  constantly  remained,  laboring  act- 
ively and  intelligently  in  various  capacities.  At  the 
present  time  his  home  is  about  one  mile  west  from 
Rosetta,  while  also  he  is  much  of  the  time  residing  in 
Rosetta. 

George  Gilland  was  born  in  Saint  Catherines,  On- 
tario, on  January  4,  1830,  being  the  son  of  Alexander 
and  Alice"  Gilland,  natives  of  Ireland  where  they  were 
married  and  came  to  Canada  shortly  before  our  sub- 
ject was  born.  This  stanch  Irish  blood  is  one  of  the 
secrets  of  the  sturdy  qualities  of  our  subject  and  of 
the  strenuous  life  he  has  lived.  His  father  originally 
spelled  his  name  Gilliland.  He  died  in  December, 
1873,  aged  sixty-five.  He  was  a  prominent  and  influ- 
ential citizen  in  Michigan  as  also  in  other  places  where 
he  resided.  The  mother  of  our  subject  lived  with  her 
husband  three  years  in  Canada  and  then  they  went  to 
Brooklyn,  where  Mr.  Gilland  opened  a  paint  factory, 
then  operated  a  lumber  yard,  and  afterwards  they  came 
to  Michigan.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Brooklyn  until 
sixteen  and  then  came  with  the  balance  of  the  family  to 
Wayne  county,  Michigan,  and  settled  near  Detroit. 
Later  they  went  to  Shiawassee  county  and  there  the 
parents  died.  At  the  first  draft  of  the  war  Mr.  Gilland 
was  taken,  but  his  father  hired  a  substitute  for  nine 
hundred  dollars  and  George  went  free.  In  1865  our 
subject  came  west  and  contracted  ties  and  square  tim- 
bers for  the  UnionPacific,  remaining  in  this  until  1868, 
when  he  made  his  way  to  Tacoma.  'He  helped  build  the 
first  sawmill  there,  the  old  Tacoma.  Seattle  was  then  a 


town  of  four  hundred  people.  Mr.  Gilland  labored 
there  and  in  various  portions  of  Puget  sound  until 
1891,  excepting  one  year  which  was  spent  in  mining 
in  Alaska,  in  which  trip,  he  was  far  above  Klondike. 
In  1891  Mr.  Gilland  came  to  Moscow  and  two  years 
later  went  to  Southwick  where  he  operated  a  mill  for 
one  year.  Then  he  mined  around  Pierce  for  four  years 
and  in  June,  1901,  he  bought  his  present  place  about 
one  and  one-half  miles  northwest  from  Ellensburg. 
He  rents  this  farm,  as  also  other  property  which  he 
owns.  Mr.  Gilland  is  a  heavy  property  owner  on  the 
Sound,  having  much  improved  property  in  Tacoma, 
Seattle  and  various  other  points,  as  well  as  consider- 
able unimproved  property.  In  addition  he  has  a  good- 
ly holding  in  British  Columbia.  In  all  these  years  of 
toil  and  activity  on  the  frontier,  Mr.  Gilland  has  never 
deserted  the  ranks  of  the  bachelors  and  is  still  enjoy- 
ing the  quietude  and  retirement  of  the  celibatarian.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  No.  2,  at  Steila- 
coom,  Washington.  In  politics,  Mr.  Gilland  is  a  stanch 
and  intelligent  Democrat  and  is  able  to  handle  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day  with  keen  insight  and  discriminating 
judgment  and  is  possessed  of  abundance  of  courage 
and  ability  to  speak  out  his  convictions.  He  is  a  po- 
tent factor  at  the  conventions  and  is  a  man  of  exten- 
sive research  and  investigation,  being  a  careful  thinker 
and  wide  reader.  Mr.  Gilland  has  one  brother  and  one 
sister,  Edward,  a  wealthy  and  prominent  farmer  in 
Michigan ;  Alice,  wife  of  Charles  Darrows,  a  merchant 
in  Traverse  City,  Michigan.  Mr.  Gilland  has  had 
many  experiences  in  the  frontiersman's  life  and  if  they 
were  related  would  fill  a  volume.  During  the  labors 
on  the  Union  Pacific,  he  fought  frequently  with  the 
Indians  and  once  was  wounded  with  an  arrow.  He 
has  had  many  narrow  escapes  and  experienced  many 
thrilling  episodes.  He  is  a  man  of  public  spirit,  is 
genial  and  affable  and  has  hosts  of  warm  friends.  His 
large  holdings  give  him  ample  time  to  travel  and  in- 
vestigate the  various  lines  which  his  desires  may  indi- 
cate ;  he  has  kept  fully  abreast  of  the  times  and  is  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  Nez  Perces  county,  well 
known,  highly  respected  and  fully  worthy  of  the  un- 
bounded confidence  and  esteem  generously  granted 
him  by  all. 


WILLIAM    E.   STODDARD.     The  well  known 

enterprise  and  advancement  in  Nez  Perces  county  in 
a.  telling  manner,  having  been  prominent  in  business, 
where  he  has  demonstrated  his  ability  and  done  a  com- 
mendable work  in  building  up  the  country.  At  present 
he  is  handling  the  grain  warehouse  for  the  Vollmer- 
Clearwater  Company  at  Kamiah. 

William  E.  Stoddard  was  born  in  Arlington,  Van 
Buren  county,  Michigan,  on  June  28,  1869,  being  the 
son  of  Samuel  and  Harriet  (Moden)  Stoddard.  The 
father  was  born  in  1837,  in  Hartford,  Connecticut.  He 
was  descended  from  John  Stoddard,  who  was  born  in 
Wethersfield,  Connecticut,  in  1742,  probably  of  Eng- 
lish extraction  and  from  that  date  to  the  present  there 
is  a  full  genealogical  tree  without  a  break.  Our  sub- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ject  is  thus  descended  from  a  noble  ancestry  and  it  may 
be  said  of  him  that  he  in  no  wise  has  allowed  the  ban- 
ner to  droop.  The  name  was  formerly  Standard  and 
the  family  dates  back  to  William  the  Conqueror.  Our 
subject's  'father  died  at  Leland,  on  June  22,  1898.  His 
mother  was  a  native  of  England  and  came  to  the  United 
States  with  her  parents  at  the  age  of  eight.  Her  par- 
ents died,  the  mother  in  January,  1900,  and  the  father 
in  February,  1898.  William's  mother  lives  in  Benton 
Harbor,  Michigan. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
finished  his  training  in  the  Spokane  Business  College. 
When  eighteen  he  came  to  Leland  with  his  father,  who 
took  land  where  the  present  town  stands.  William  re- 
mained on  the  farm  until  1892,  then  visited  in  various 
places  for  a  year  when  he  returned  and  took  charge  of 
a  grain  warehouse  with  the  Kendrick  Grain  Company. 
Following  his  course  in  the  business  college  he  man- 
aged the  T.  S.  Cantril  Mercantile  Company  for  two 
and  one  half  years,  manifesting  here  excellent  ability 
and  gaining  a  gratifying  success.  He  then  operated  a 
blacksmith  shop  for  "a  time  which  was  sold.  Later,  he 
ran  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  assessor  and  although 
he  was  two  hundred  ahead  of  his  ticket,  he  suffered 
defeat.  He  has  always  been  in  attendance  on  the  coun- 
ty conventions  and  is  a  potent  factor  there.  Mr.  Stod- 
dard  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  Leland  No.  90;  of 
the  W.  W.,  Leland  Camp  327 ;  also  of  the  Women  of 
Woodcraft,  Circle  217.  Mr.  Stoddard  served  as  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  for  four  years  in  Leland  and  was 
universally  liked  in  this  relation. 

On  September  I,  1898,  Mr.  Stoddard  married  Mary 
A.,  daughter  of  Samuel  J.  and  Elizabeth  (Harris) 
.  Richards,  natives  of  England.  The  father  was  a  miner 
and  now  is  in  the  employ  of  J.  P.  Vollmer.  The 
mother  was  married  in  Wisconsin  and  died  in  1886, 
aged  thirty-eight.  Mrs.  Stoddard  was  born  in  Mineral 
Point.  Wisconsin,  on  January  13,  1880.  She  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister,  Joseph  F.,  a  hardware  merchant 
in  Alberta;  Annie  L.,  wife  of  John  H.  Day,  a  shoe 
dealer  in  Mineral  Point.  Two  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stoddard,  Rosetta  E.  and  Elsworth  S. 
Mrs.  Stoddard  was  educated  in  Illinois.  Mr.  Stoddard 
owns  the  land  over  which  the  Kendrick  tramway  runs. 


WILLIAM  W.  WRIGHT.  After  a  long  period 
of  intelligent  labor  in  developing  and  building  up  the 
various  sections  where  he  has  resided,  the  gentleman 
whose  name  appears  above  is  now  living  a  quiet  and 
retired  life  in  Lookout,  where  he  is  also  giving  some 
attention  to  the  duties  of  vegetable  gardening  and 
handles  the  business  of  a  notary  public. 

William  W.  Wright  was  born  in  Marion  county, 
Indiana,  on  May  6,  1839,  being  the  son  of  Adam  and 
Judith  (Bollibaugh)  Wright,  natives  of  North  Caro- 
lina, as  also  were  their  parents.  The  paternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject  served  in  the  Revolution,  died  in 
Marion  county  aged  one  hundred  and  four  in  the  year 
1842.  The  father  of  William  was  a  stanch  Democrat, 
active  in  politics  find  served  for  sixteen  years  as  pro- 


bate judge  of  Marion  ccunty.  He  died  on  September 
12,  1851,  aged  fifty-two  years.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject came  from  a  prominent  Dutch  family  and  she 
died  in  November,  1850,  aged  fifty.  William  W.  was 
raised  in  Indiana  until  thirteen  and  then  came  to  Iowa 
with  his  brother-in-law,  he  being  his  guardian,  both 
parents  having  died.  This  gentleman  was  Thomas 
Burns  and  when  his  ward  came  of  age,  a  fair  estate 
was  delivered  to  him  from  the  father's  property.  Will- 
iam remained  with  Mr.  Burns  until  he  was  eighteen 
and  then  went  to  do  for  himself.  When  twenty-one  he 
settled  on  the  portion  left  him  from  his  father's  estate 
and  later  removed  to  Clarke  county  and  bought  land 
from  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  the  former  property. 
Nineteen  years  he  toiled  in  Clarke  county  and  in  1882, 
he  came  to  Idaho  and  took  land  near  Kendrick.  Sev- 
enteen years  were  spent  there  in  its  cultivation  and  he 
then  came  to  Lookout,  where  he  owns  a  small  tract 
of  timber  land  and  considerable  town  property.  Mr. 
Wright  has  one  brother,  Nathaniel  T.,  with  the  Capi- 
tal Mills  Company,  in  San  Francisco.  Mr.  Wright  is 
a  zealous  and  active  Republican  and  has  participated 
in  the  conventions,  both  county  and  state.  For  twenty 
years  he  did  service  on  the  school  board  and  has  also 
been  a  hard  worker  for  good  roads  in  the  places  where 
he  has  resided.  Mr.  Wright  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  church  and  holds  a  life  scholarship  in  the 
Bible  department  of  the  Oskaloosa  College  in  Iowa. 
This  was  secured  in  1863.  He  is  a  highly  respected 
citizen,  a  man  of  ability  and  has  won  the  esteem  and 
approbation  of  the  people  who  know  him. 


JAMES  DENNIS.  Since  the  early  days  of  open- 
ing of  the  reservation,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  has 
toiled  well  here  with  display  of  wisdom  and  industry 
in  the  manipulation  of  the  resources  of  the  county  and 
the  result  is  that  he  now  owns  a  fine  farm  one-half 
mile  west  from  Mohler  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
and  he  operates  eighty  more. 

James  Dennis  was'born  in  Wyandotte  county,  Ohio, 
on  August  10,  1849,  being  the  son  of  Jonas  I.  and  Sarah 
(Henry)  Dennis,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  re- 
spectively. The  father,  who  was  a  tanner,  was  born  in 
1814  and  died  in  Wisconsin,  on  January  14,  1857.  His 

The  mother  of  our  subject  came  from  an  old  Dutch 
family  and  she  died  March  18,  1893.  James  was  reared 
and  educated  in  Wisconsin  and  when  eighteen  went  to 
Marion  county,  Iowa.  There  and  in  Madison  county 
he  remained  eleven  years.  In  the  spring  of  1878,  he 
went  to  Kansas  and  later  returned  to  Cass  county, 
Iowa.  In  1882  he  came  to  Cheney,  Washington,  with 
the  Hoyt  colony.  They  shipped  wagons  and  horses 
to  Silver  Bow,  Montana,  and  went  thence  over  the  old 
Mullan  road  to  Washington.  He  labored  at  railroad- 
ing near  Sandpoint  and  in  1883  took  a  homestead 
near  Oakesdale.  In  the  spring  of  1893  he  sold  out 
and  bought  property  in  Oakesdale.  In  1897  Mr.  Den- 
nis leased  school  land  where  he  now  lives  and  on  De- 
cember 24,  1901,  he  purchased  the  same  at  auction.  He 


176 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


has  done  excellent  work  in  farming  and  enjoys  the 
proper  reward  of  thrift  and  industry. 

On  January  10,  1876,  Mr.  Dennis  married  Miss 
Ruhama  R..  daughter  of  Justus  and  Nancy  E.  (Cain) 
Wade.  The  father,  a  plasterer  by  trade,  was  born  in 
1839.  and  enlisted  in  an  Iowa  regiment  and  died  from 
exposure  in  the  war,  in  December,  1866.  The  mother 
was  born  on  February  20,  1836,  in  Indiana,  and  now 
lives  in  Spokane.  Mrs.  Dennis  was  born  in  Lucas 
county,  Iowa,  on  October  6,  1858,  and  has  five  brothers 
and  sisters,  George  W.,  Justus  E.,  Victoria  Gertz, 
Cora  Ingalls,  Flora  Willis.  The  brothers  and  sisters 
of  Mr.  Dennis  are  named  as  follows :  John,  Flora  A. 
Baker,  Mary  E.  McMillen,  William,  Margaret  Long, 
Charles,  Isaiah,  Edward,  Jennie,  deceased,  Ira.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dennis  one  child,  Nellie  M.  Giles,  was 
born  on  May  25,  1877,  who  is  now  living  in  Mohler. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dennis  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
church. 


EDWARD  J.  NORTHCUTT  is  a  veritable  pio- 
neer of  the  pioneers  and  has  a  history  that  is  w,ell 
worth  chronicling  in  any  volume  that  attempts  to 
outline  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county.  He  is 
really  the  father  of  Culdesac,  which  is  one  of  his  late 
ventures  in  life,  his  former  career  being  spent  on  the 
frontier  in  all  the  leading  western  sections. 

Edward  J.  Northcutt  was  born  in  Urbana,  Ohio, 
on  May  6,  1830,  being  the  son  of  Willis  and  Sarah 
(Furman)  Northcutt,  farmers.  The  father  was  born 
in  Ohio,  his  father  being  of  Scotch  extraction  and  a 
pioneer  of  that  region.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Ohio  of  English  parentage,  and  their 
ancestors  came  from  Kentucky  and  Virginia.  Three 
children  of  the  family  are  living,  Charles  W.,  a 
mechanic ;  Frances  A.,  widow  of  Mr.  Wheeler,  residing 
in  Tacoma;  Emma  M.,  wife  of  Bedford  Jackson, 
a  farmer  on  Cottonwoocl  creek.  Mr.  Northcutt  is 
now  engaged  in  erecting  a  flour  mill  at  Culdesac, 
which  enterprise  he  is  carrying  on  for  a  company, 
having  collected  twelve  hundred  dollars  bonus  for  it. 
He  is  the  owner  of  some  fine  residence  property,  also 
the  livery  barn  operated  by  Mr.  Watkins,  besides  other 
property.  Mr.  Northcutt  helped  to  survey  the  town 
site  and  1899  marks  the  date  of  his  arrival  on  the 
spot.  Mr.  Northcutt  has  been  a  pioneer  of  the  Pacific 
coast  for  over  fifty-one  years  and  always  has  been 
foremost  in  the  good  labor  of  developing  the  country 
and  fostering  industries  for  its  upbuilding.  He  is 
now  past  seventy-one  and  is  hale  and  hearty,  being 
robust  and  ready  for  the  activities  of  life.  No  sick- 
ness has  come  upon  his  to  mar  his  life  and  he  is  free 
from  all  doctor  bills.  Mr.  Northcutt  in  these  fifty 
odd  years  has  undergone  deprivations  and  hardships 
that  few  could  sustain,  but  he  has  never  flinched  and 
is  now  a  leader  in  the  line  of  progress.  In  1851,  Mr. 
Northcutt  left  Illinois  and  came  with  wagon  train 
through  to  the  coast.  He  crossed  .the  Missouri  where 
Omaha  now  stands  and  the  first  night  out  the  In- 
dians plundered  the  camp  but  because  of  the  fierce 
resistance  offered  by  the  emigrants  led  by  Mr.  North- 


cutt they  got  but  one  steer.  The  next  day  Mr.  North- 
cutt was  chosen  captain  of  the  train,  which  he  piloted 
through,  having  many  trying  experiences  and  some 
severe  fighting  with  the  Indians. 

Mr.  Northcutt  has  been  married  three  times,  and 
his  first  wife,  whom  he  married  in  1853,  was  the  first 
single  white  woman  in  the  Rogue  river  valley.  He 
fought  the  Indians  there  and  mined,  and  during  that 
time  drafted  the  first  mining  laws  of  the  territory 
of  Oregon.  Much  of  his  life  has  been  spent  in  trap- 
ping and  scouting  and  the  mountain  topography  of 
the  entire  northwest  is  familiar  to  him.  He  helped 
to  establish  the  post  at  Lapwai  and  was  familiar  with 
all  the  early  history  of  this  region. 

Mr.  Northcutt  built  the  grade  at  Wawawai  where 
the  Palouse  grain  was  hauled  to  the  river  before  the 
railroads.  On  his  farm  near  Pullman,  Washington, 
Mr.  Northcutt  raised  one  hundred  and  one  bushels 
of  wheat  on  one  acre,  which  went  to  the  World's  Fair 
in  Chicago  in  1893.  He  is  a  man  of  sound  judgement 
and  great  resources,  has  always  labored  for  the  good 
of  the  community  where  he  has  resided  and  to  him 
is  very  much  due  for  the  upbuilding  and  progress  of 
much  of  the  entire  northwest. 


ARTHUR  J.  MILLS.  Whatever  enterprises  are 
for  the  benefit  of  the  people  in  general,  whether  good 
schools,  good  churches,  or  good  government,  they  al- 
ways find  an  ardent  and  intelligent  champion  in  Mr. 
Mills.  He  is  one  of  the  progressive,  reliable  and  capa- 
ble men  of  the  vicinity  of  Melrose,  whose  labors  have 
assisted  materially  in  opening  the  country  and  making 
a  fertile  land  from  a  wilderness.  ' 

Arthur  J.  Mills  was  born  in  Guthrie  county,  Iowa, 
on  October  20,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Hadley  and 
Margaret  (Bowles)  Mills,  natives  of  Indiana.  The 
father  was  born  on  March  16,  1844,  and  now  lives  in 
Lyon  county,  Kansas.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil 
war  in  the  Forty-sixth  Iowa  Regiment,  under  Col- 
onel D.  B.  Henderson.  His  mother  bought  govern- 
ment land  where  Stuart  now  stands.  She  was  born 
in  1845  and  died  in  1889.  Arthur  grew  to  the  age  of 
fifteen  in  Iowa,  attending  school  and  working  with  his 
father  on  the  farm.  In  1882  the  family  went  to  Kansas 
and  settled  in  Jewell  county  and  there  our  subject  con- 
tinued at  school  until  he  was  twenty.  At  that  age,  he 
took  up  farming  for  himself.  He  worked  one  year  in 
Cherokee  county  and  then  sold  out  and  came  to  Latah 
county.  In  the  spring  of  1897  he  came  to  the  reserva- 
tion country  and  since  that  time  he  has  continued  here 
in  the  good  work  of  development  and  improvement. 
His  farm  of  eighty  acres  lies  about  one  mile  southwest 
from  Melrose  and  is  one  of  the  places  that  produces 
abundant  crops  of  diversified  grains,  while  also  Mr. 
Mills  raises  cattle  and  hogs.  On  February  22,  1897, 
at  Moscow.  Latah  county,  Idaho,  Mr.  Mills  married 
Cora  A.  McKinzie,  daughter  of  Sterling  N.  and  Re- 
becca (Ousterhouse)  Bunce.  and  to  them  two  children 
have  been  born,  Margie  E.  and  Edward  S.  Mr. 
Bunce  is  a  farmer  in  Nez  Perces  county  and  he  and 


EDWARD  J.  NORTHCUTT. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


177 


his  wife  were  born  in  Massachusetts.  Mrs.  Mills  was 
born  in  Michigan  in  1874  and  she  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Clara  Buttrey,  Grace  Rancier, 
Mattie  Buttrey  Bernie.  Mr.  Mills  has  two  brothers 
and  two  sisters,  Emery  H.,  Rhoda  M.  Dobbins,  Will- 
iam C.  and  Edith  Mills.  Mr.  Mills  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the  W.  W.  at  Melrose.  He  is  a 
Democrat,  but  does  not  press  for  preferment  in  po- 
litical matters.  Mr.  Mills  is  of  excellent  standing  in 
the  community  and  is  a  good,  reliable  and  capable 
citizen. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mills  by  former  marriages  have 
children  as  follows:  Irma,  Earl  H.  and  Maude  Mc- 
Kenzie. 


WILLIAM  TIMMONS.  A  progressive  and  suc- 
cessful farmer  and  stockman,  living  on  a  farm  secured 
by  the  homestead  right  from  the  wilds  of  the  reserva- 
tion, the  worthy  subject. of  this  article  is  to  be  num- 
bered among  the  leading  citizens  of  his  community 
and  to  be  accredited  with  much  good  labor  wrought 
both  for  his  private  business  enterprises  and  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  county. 

William  Timmons  was  born  in  Marion,  Linn 
county,  Iowa,  on  January  10,  1844,  being  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth '  (Mallett)  Timmons.  The 
father  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1811,  and  died  in  1898, 
having  been  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  territory 
of  Iowa.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1821  and  died  in  1887.  Her  people  were  also 
natives  of  Kentucky  and  removed  to  Indiana  on  pack 
horses.  This  daughter  was  thirteen  before  she  saw  a 
wagon.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  the  vicinity 
of  Colesburg,  Iowa,  and  there  received  his  education 
and  assisted  his  father  until  he  was  twenty-one.  He 
then  bought  a  farm  in  Nodaway  county,  Missouri, 
and  tilled  it  for  two  years.  Next  we  see  him  in  Floyd 
county,  Iowa,  and  five  years  later,  he  went  thence  to 
Wayne  county,  Nebraska,  with  his  two  brothers, 
Henry  and  Stephen,  and  for  three  years  tilled  the  soil 
there.'  He  removed  then  to  Grant,  on  the  Columbia 
river  in  Oregon,  thence  to  Adams  county,  Washington, 
then  to  Lincoln  county.  Six  years  later  he  went  to 
Cornwall,  Latah  county,  and  when  the  reservation 
opened  he  settled  on  his  present  place,  two  miles  south- 
cereals  and  flax,  with  hogs  and  cattle  and  is  prosperous 
in  his  labors. 

On  March  28,  1869,  Mr.  Timmons  married  Miss 
Mary  C.,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Catherine  (Rati- 
baugh)  Anderson,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Nodaway 

carpenter:  he  and  his  wife  were  descended  from  the 
Dutch  in  Pennsylvania.  Mrs.  Timmons  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  in  1853,  and  has  the  following  sisters: 
Kate  Shaffer.  Arm  pverdorf,  Susie  Bishop.  Mr.  Tim- 
mons has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters  :  Benjamin. 
Stephen,  Jesse,  Henry  and  Edward.  The  following 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Timmons : 
Lizzie  Clark,  in  Washington ;  Hattie  Lowary,  in  Nez 
Perces  county;  Addie  Hill,  in  Nez  Perces  county; 


Jacob,  Thomas,  Ruth,  Robert,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Tim- 
mons is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  Melrose,  while 
in  political  matters,  he  is  an  active  and  stanch  Re- 
publican. He  is  treasurer  of  the  school  board  and 
has  ever  been  a  zealous  advocate  for  better  education 
for  the  rising  generations,  and  to  that  end  better- 
schools. 


WILLIAM  C.  BUTLER.  Our  subject  has  not 
only  been  a  pioneer  in  various  sections  of  the  west 
in  doing  agricultural  work,  but  is  at  the  present  time 
operating  the  first  meat  market  opened  in  Gifrord,. 
where  he  is  doing  a  good  business.  Mr.  Butler  is  well; 
known  in  Nez  Perces  -county  and  has  a  first  class, 
standing,  is  well  respected  by  all  and  is  a  man  of 
worth  and  integrity. 

William  C.  Butler  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Ore- 
gon, on  December  9,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Jason  R. 
and  Mary  (Fields)  Butler.  The  parents,  as  also  the 
two  brothers  and  six  sisters  of  our  subject,  are  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  work.  William  C.  was  raised 
and  educated  in  Linn  county  and  Benton  county,  Ore- 
gon, and  when  eighteen  he  came  in  company  with  his 
brother,  T.  M.,  to  Grant  county  and  there  followed 
ranch  work  for  two  years.  When  twenty-one  he  came 
to  the  vicinity  of  Juliaetta  and  wrought  on  a  farm  until 
1894.  then  rented  with  his  brother  one  year  on.  the 
reservation  and  also  filed  on  a  quarter  section,  which 
he  cultivated  for  six  years.  This  land  was  sold  in  the 
spring  of  1902,  and  Mr.  Butler  bought  a  ranch  near 
Juliaetta,  which  he  is  overseeing  at  the  present  time 
in  connection  with  his  labors  in  the  meat  market.  Mr. 
Butler  owns  a  residence  and  a  good  business  estab- 
lishment in  Gifford  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men 
of  that  town.  Mr.  Butler  is  a  Republican,  and  in 
school  matters,  as  also  in  reference  to  roads,  he  has 
done  much  hard  labor  for  betterment  and  upbuilding, 
being  a  man  of  enterprise  and  progressive  ideas. 

On  July  22,  1894,  Mr.  Butler  married  Miss 
Prudie  E.  Richardson,  who  was  born  in  Nez  Perces 
county,  on  November  20,  1860.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  this  marriage,  Mary  S.,  Marion,  de- 
ceased, John  R.  and  Floyd  A.  Mrs.  Butler  has  one 
sister  and  one  brother.  George  W.,  residing  near  Julia- 
etta:  Ida  M.,  wife  of  Senator  Louis  Clark,  who  is 
mentioned  in  this  work.  Her  parents  are  John  A.  and 
Susannah  (Harrington)  Richardson.  The  father  was 
a  pioneer  in  Oregon  and  participated  in  the  early  In- 
dian wars,  and  now  lives  in  Juliaetta. 


THADDEIJS  T.  MAYNARD.  This  well-to-do 
farmer  and  highly  respected  citizen  is  one  whose 
labors  have  made  Nez  Perces  county  what  she  is  to- 
day, one  of  the  leading  counties  in  the  entire  state. 
He  took  land  three  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Mel- 
rose in  1897,  it  being  wild,  and  since  then  he  has  trans- 
formed it  into  a  fertile  and  valuable  farm,  very  pro- 
ductive and  tilled  in  a  becoming  manner. 

Thaddeus    T.    Maynard   was    born    in    Yam     Hill 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


county,  Oregon,  on  March  25,  1869,  being  the  son  of 
John  W.  and  Mary  (Merchant)  Maynard.  Th 
father  was  born  in  Ohio,  served  in  the  Home  Guards 
in  Iowa,  not  being  able  to  enlist  in  the  regular  a 
on  account  of  his  youth.  His  brother  served  four 
years  in  the  Civil  war.  The  mother  of  our  subject  w; 
born  in  Yam  Hill  county  and  her  parents  were  pionee 
there.  Mr.  Merchant  was  given  a  large  grant  of 
about  one  thousand  acres  of  land  to  induce  other  set- 
tlers. This  was  in  1842  and  the  Indians  were  in  i 
session.  The  old  homestead  house  is  now  standing 
where  the  neighbors  gathered  when  the  Indians  at- 
tacked them.  Thaddeus  was  raised  in  Yam  Hill 
county  until  twelve,  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
and  then  the  family  removed  to  Pullman,  where  he  was 
educated  in  the  college.  He  stayed  with  his  father  on 
the  large  stock  farm  until  1897,  and  then  came  to  the 
reservation  and  took  his  present  place.  He  has  a 
good  place,  tills  it  well  and  is  rewarded  by  good  re- 
turns. 

Mr.  Maynard  has  one  brother,  Jay,  and  three 
sisters,  Kittie,  wife  of  W.  E.  Gage,  warehouseman  in 
Lind,  Washington,  and  also  owner  of  a  large  body  of 
land ;  Lydia,  wife  of  J.  H.  McDougall,  railroad  agent 
at  Vollmer;  Jennie,  wife  of  R.  D.  Ryre,  a  harness- 
maker  in  Whitman  county.  Mr.  Maynard  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Melrose  Camp.  Politically,  he  is  a 
Republican. 

On  July  5.  1892,  Mr.  Maynard  married  Maude, 
daughter  of  Cahill  and  Ruth  (Dick)  Richardson,  na- 
tives of  Indiana,  now  living  in  Melrose.  Mrs.  May- 
nard was  born  in  Kokomo,  Indiana,  in  1867,  and  has 
two  brothers  and  five  sisters,  Byron,  a  mechanic  in 
Whitman  county;  Dick,  at  home;  Pearl,  wife  of  J. 
R.  Standley..  at  Mohler;  Winnie,  wife  of  Joseph 
Leach,  in  Colton,  Washington ;  Georgia,  wife  of  Dick 
Denny,  at  Melrose ;  Mary  and  Zoe,  single  and  at  home. 
Six  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  May- 
nard, Mildred,  Violet,  Magell,  Patty,  Zell  and  Mona. 


JOHN  McKENNA,  a  man  of  stirring  energy  and 
possessed  of  those  qualities  which  bring  success  in 
the  business  affairs  of  this  life,  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial farmers  and  well-to-do  stockmen  of  the  vicinity 
of  Fletcher.  The  gaining  of  his  present  farm  home 
was  attended  with  a  display  of  determination  and  win- 
ning energy.  On  the  night  of  November  17,  at  the 
still  hours  of  midnight,  he  laid  the  four  corners  of  his 
present  farm,  broke  some  land  and  then  hied  away  to 
the  land  office  to  file. 

John  McKenna  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  on  Janu- 
ary 14,  1860,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Anna  (Mc- 
Kenna) McKenna,  natives  of  county  Derry,  Ireland. 
The  father  was  born  in  1832,  came  to  America  in  1857, 
settled  in  Pennsylvania,  where  he  engaged  in  dairying 
until  his  death  in  1887.  The  mother  died  in 
1866.  Our  subject  was  reared  by  an  uncle,  James  Mc- 
Kenna, in  Wilmington,  Delaware.  He  was  educated 
there  and  when  twenty,  came  to  Portland,  landing 
there  in  July,  1880.  Thence  he  made  his  way  to  Waits- 


burg,  Washington,  where  he  freighted  for  five  years 
then  took  a  pre-emption.  In  1886  he  went  on  the  Ore- 
gon side  of  the  Snake  above  the  Salmon  and  raised 
horses.  In  the  fall  of  1895  Mr.  McKenna  came  to 
the  reservation  with  Samuel  Phiney,  who  founded 
Fletcher.  He  took  his  farm  as  mentioned  and  has 
devoted  himself  to  raising  diversified  crops  and  stock. 
He  has  some  fine  Shorthorn  Durhams  and  is  prospered 
in  his  labors. 

On  May  8,  1894,  Mr.  McKenna  married  Miss  Min- 
nie, daughter  of  Richard  and  Jennie  (Williamson) 
Fay,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  born  in  1842  and 
December  31,  1856,  respectively.  The  father  went 
from  his  native  state  to  Missouri,  thence  to  the  Grande 
Ronde  valley,'  Oregon,  thence  to  Wallowa  county  and 
there  he  died  on  February  4,  1899.  Mrs.  McKenna 
was  born  August  23,  1874,  in  Crawford  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters:  Clara  Hensley,  Ida,  Walter,  all  in  Wallowa 
county.  Mr.  McKenna  has  -four  brothers  and  sisters, 
James,  Rosa,  Mary,  Anna,  all  in  Pennsylvania.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  McKenna  two  children  have  been  born, 
Anna,  born  July,  1896,  Paul,  born  January  9,  1897. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  McKenna  are  members  of  the  Catholic 
church  and  in  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 


LATTIN  L.  POTTER  is  a  man  of  intelligence 
and  good  capabilities  and  has  devoted  himself  assidu- 
ously to  the  labor  of  improving  his  fine  farm,  about 
two  miles  southwest  from  Gifford,  where  he  has 
brought  about  a  good  display  of  what  wisdom  and 
energy  can  do  with  the  wild  soil  of  this  country. 

Mr.  Potter  was  born  in  Rock  county,  Wisconsin, 
on  September  21,  1867,  being  the  son  of  John  G.  and 
S.  Emily  (Scoville)  Potter.  The  father  was  born  in 
New  York,  came  to  Whitman  county  in  1877,  and  is 
now  a  retired  farmer  in  Colfax.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Ohio,  married  in  Wisconsin  and 
is  now  living  in  Colfax.  Lattin  L.  was  reared  in  Wis- 
consin until  he  was  ten  years  of  age  and  then  came  to 
Colfax  with  his  parents.  He  attended  the  graded 
schools  of  Colfax,  then  the  Methodist  college  in  Spo- 
kane, and  after  completing  his  education  at  eighteen, 
he  commenced  to  teach  school.  Four  years  later  he 
bought  a  farm  in  Whitman  county,  near'Latah.  Four 
years  after  this  he  went  to  Gaffield  on  his  father's 
homestead  and  in  1897,  he  came  to  the  reservation  and 
took  his  present  claim.  Part  of  this  was  broken,  hav- 
ing been  rented  on  the  supposition  that  it  was  Indian 
land.  He  has  raised  the  cereals  and  flax  since  and 
:lone  much  improvement  and  his  is  now  a  valuable 
estate.  Mr.  Potter  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters, 
William  C,  an  elocutionist  in  Spokane;  Jessie  L.; 
Lillie,  wife  of  Adrien  W.  Wisner,  secretary  and  man- 

•  of  the  King  County  Abstract  Company,  in 
Seattle. 

On  December  16,  1894.  Mr.  Potter  married  Miss 
Hattie  M.,  daughter  of  Edgar  M.  and  Jennie  B. 
(Wright)  Giles,  natives  of  Iowa.  The  father  is  a 

ractor  and  builder,  at  Garfield,  Washington.    Mrs. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


179 


Potter  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  December  3,  1873,  and 
she  has  three  brothers  and  one  sister:  Freeman,  a 
farmer,  George,  a  carpenter,  William,  a  farmer,  all  at 
Garfield,  Washington;  Minnie,  at  home  with  her 
parents.  Mr.  Potter  is  a  man  upon  whom  prosperity 
has  smiled,  recognizing  his  labors  and  wisdom  and  he 
has  gained  the  good  will  and  approbation  of  all  who 
know  him. 


SAMUEL  K.  MILLER.  This  industrious  farmer 
is  a  man  whose  example  of  thrift  and  wisdom  is 
worthy  to  be  copied  by  any  who  would  desire  to  follow 
the  path  of  progression  and  success.  He,  in  partner- 
ship with  his  brothers,  Solomon  and  Burt,  operates 
his  farm,  lying  three  and  one-half  miles  west  from 
Gifford. 

Samuel  K.  Miller  was  born  in  Ray  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  Juneis,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Abraham 
and  Sarah  (Benedict)  Miller.  The  father  was  born 
in  Ohio  and  now  lives  near  Albion,  Washington,  aged 
sixty-two.  His  parents,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
were  of  Geman  descent.  He  enlisted  in  the  Union 
army  in  Virginia  and  served  three  years  and  nine 
months.  He  was  under  General  Custer  and  other  gen- 
erals, participated  in  both  battles  of  Bull  Run  and 
many  others  besides  skirmishes.  He  came  to  the  coast 
in  1890,  from  Kansas,  accompanied  by  our  subject, 
where  they  had  lived  for  twelve  years.  The  mother  of 
Samuel  K.  was  born  in  Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  was 
married  there  and  is  now  living  at  Albion,  aged  sixty- 
two.  She  has  four  brothers  who  served  in  the  Civil 
war  for  three  years  each,  George,  Albert,  Samuel  and 
John.  Samuel  K.,  our  subject,  was  raised  in  Mis- 

in  1890  came  to  Whitman  county  with  his  father.  He 
ranched  for  two  years  and  then  took  a  trip  to  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  worked  on  various  ranches  for  two 
years  and  then  returned  to  Washington.  It  was  in 
1898  that  he  came  to  his  present  place  and  filed.  Since 
then  in  company  with  his  brothers  mentioned,  he  has 
devoted  himself  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock. 
They  have  the  farm  well  improved,  and  are  fast 
bringing  it  under  cultivation.  A  good  orchard,  fences, 
and  buildings  are  among  some  of  the  improvements 
that  their  labors  have  provided.  Mr.  Miller  has 
six  brothers  and  one  sister,  Solomon  and  Burt,  with 
our  subject;  Abraham  and  Jesse,  with  their  parents; 
John  E.,  in  Alberta,  Canada,  mining;  Robert,  at  Al- 
bion: Georgia,  wife  of  Charles  Reed,  a  mill  engineer 
in  Albion.  Mr.  Miller  has  never  seen  fit  to  allow  him- 
self to  be  lured  from  the  quiet  pleasures  and  comforts 
of  a  life  of  celibacy.  He  and  his  brothers  are  men  of 
integrity,  honor  and  capabilities  and  receive  the  es- 
teem and  respect  of  the  entire  commuiity. 


FREDERIC  S.  ROGERS.     Although  the  subject 
of  this  article  has  not  so  much  acreage  as  some  of  the 

factory  prosperity  from  his  forty-acre  farm  and  dem- 


onstrates the  one  thing  that  is  wanting  generally 
through  the  west,  namely,  the  skill  that  enables  one  to 
produce  great  quantities  of  crops  from  a  small  acre- 
age and  to  utilize  them  to  the  best  advantage  with 
stock.  This  science  must  in  time  come  hither  and  it 
is  pleasant  to  see  one  so  skillful  as  Mr.  Rogers.  He 
was  born  in  Penobscot  county,  Maine,  on  August  21, 
1849,  being  the  son  of  William  G.  and  Lavinia 
(Weber)  Rogers,  natives  of  Maine  and  born  on  May 
2,  1819,  and  in  1822,  respectively.  In  1850  the  father 
came  to  Eaton  county,  Michigan ;  in  1854  he  came  to 
Waushara  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  on 
a  large  farm  for  thirty  years.  In  1885  he  went  to  Lake 
county,  South  Dakota,  and  in  1892  to  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, where  he  now  lives.  The  mother  comes  from  a 
noted  family  in  Maine  and  one  of  her  brothers,  Frank 
Weber,  was  a  United  States  senator.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  Waushara  county  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty-three  married  and  farmed  until  1878.  Then 
he  came  to  Oregon,  living  in  Hillsboro  for  a  time  and 
then  went  to  Linn  county  and  in  1880  moved  thence 
to  Goldendale,  Washington.  On  account  of  ill  health, 
he  returned  to  Wisconsin  and  farmed  two  years. 
In  1883  he  went  to  Lake  county,  South  Dakota,  then 
to  Oregon  and  was  all  over  that  state  and  on  June  7, 
1897,  Mr.  Rogers  located  on  his  present  place  two 
miles  northeast  from  Fletcher.  He  had  met  with 
great  misfortune  in  the  previous  years  and  in  less  than 
five  years  after  losing  all  he  is  again  in  fine  circum- 
stances and  doing  well. 

On  November  28,  1872,  Mr.  Rogers  married  Miss 
Eliza,  daughter  of  George  and  Eliza  Newton,  who 
died  on  March  22,  1900.  .Mrs.  Rogers  was  born  Janu- 
ary 26,  1852.  Mr.  Rogers  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  Helen  Howe,  Frank  Roscoe,  disappeared 
in  1897  and  has  never  been  heard  from  since ;  Charles, 
Lavinia  Beauvist,  Ada  M.,  Fanny  A.  Richards, 
Emma  Talbott,  Britomart  Knauer/  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Rogers  have  been  blessed  by  the  advent  of  the  fol- 
lowing children:  Edgar,  E.,  born  July  13,  1875; 
Frank  E.,  born  October  16,  1877;  Allison,  deceased; 
Cora  M.  Hall;  Guy  W.,  born  September  10,  1882; 
Earl  J.,  born  August  12,  1884;  Ethel  B.,  born  No- 
vember 16,  1888;  Milton  D.,  born  March  16,  1893. 
Mr.  Rogers  is  a  Republican  in  political  matters  and  is 
an  advocate  of  good  schools,  good  roads,  and  in  fact 
all  progress  and  advancement. 


LEVI  C.  EASTER.  This  industrious  and  up-to- 
date  farmer  is  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  Nez 
Perces  county  and  has  showed  by  his  labors  and  wis- 
dom that  he  is  a  man  upon  whom  one  can  rely  and  who 
is  deserving  of  credit  for  the  development  "that  he  has 
wrought. 

Levi  C.  Easter  was  born  in  Holt  county,  Missouri, 
on  April  30,  1871,  being  the  son  of  Wilfiam  D.  and 
Alice  (Patterson)  Easter.  The  father  was  born  in 
Indiana,  in  1846,  served  as  a  soldier  in  Company  H, 
Thirty-third  Indiana  Infantry,  under  Sherman  on  the 
famous  march  to  the  sea.  He  settled  on  the  reserva- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


tion  when  it  opened  and  is  here  still.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1854,  and  is  living 
on  the  reservation.  When  Levi  was  eight  the  family 
went  to  Cloud  county,  Kansas,  and  the  father  oper- 
ated the  poor  farm  there  for  five  years,  then  he  con- 
tinued general  farming  until  1888,  when  he  made  the 
trip  to  Portland.  Later  his  family  joined  him  and  they 
labored  at  the  wood  business.  In  1891  our  subject 
went  to  Lewis  county,  Washington,  and  settled  on  land 
and  farmed  there  until  the  reservation  opened  up  and 
then  they  came  to  their  present  location,  three  miles 
south  from  Melrose.  He  has  a  good  farm,  raises 

Cieral  crops  and  stock  and  is  prospered.  While  in 
wis  county,  they  were  surrounded  by  high  water 
from  the  Cowlitz  river  and  one  eighty  of  land  was 
taken  away  and  all  their  property  except  one  team  was 
destroyed.  Not  less  than  two  thousand  dollars'  worth 
of  property  was  taken  thus.  Despite  these  adversities, 
Mr.  Easter  has  labored  on  and  managed  with  wisdom 
and  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  his  section. 
In  189^,  while  in  Washington,  Mr.  Easter  married 
Miss  Clara,  daughter  of  Alvin  Brown,  a  farmer  and 
school  teacher,  and  a  native  of  New  York.  Mrs.  Easter 
was  born  in  Iowa,  in  1868,  and  has  one  brother  and 
four  sisters,  Sadie  Knapp,  Blanch  Romerman,  Cora 
Lynch,  Clarence  and  Ermie.  Mr.  Easter  has  one  sister, 
Hattie  Bledsoe,  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Five  children 
have  been  born  to  bless  this  happy  union,  Florence, 
Frances,  Dewey,  Curtis  and  Clarence.  Mr.  Easter 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  Melrose.  He  is  an 
active  Republican  and  is  faithful  at  the  caucuses  and 
conventions,  where  he  labors  for  the  general  welfare 
by  upholding  sound  principles.  Mr.  Easter  is  an  ardent 
advocate  of  excellent  educational  facilities,  and  does 
all  in  his  power  for  this  good  end. 


THOMAS  C.  McINTYRE.  This  well  known 
and  capable  business  man  has  a  general  store  and  post- 
office  at  Myrtle,  where  he  does  a  good  business  and 
also  handles  a  sixty-acre  farm. 

Thomas  C.  Mclntyre  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county,  Indiana,  on  March  9,  1838,  being  the  son  of 
John  and  Jane  (McMeine)  Mclntyre,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky. The  father  is  of  Scotch  extraction  and  came 
to  Indiana  with  his  parents  when  small.  The  mother 
came  also  to  that  country  when  a  child  and  she,  too,  is 
of  Scotch  ancestry.  Our  subject  was  reared  until 
twelve  in  the  old  home  place  and  then  the  family  came 
to  Iowa,  where  they  remained  for  twenty-eight  years. 
He  farmed  for  a  time  when  he  became  of  age,  and 
then  for  twenty-six  years  he  handled  a  general  mer- 
chandise establishment  and  a  flouring-mill  in  company 
with  his  father  and  brothers.  In  1875  he  went  to  Ne- 
braska,  engaged  in  grist-milling  for  six  years,  then 
traded  for  farm  land  and  tilled  that  for  three  years.  Mr. 
Mclntyre  then  took  a  pre-emption  in  northern  Ne- 
braska but  let  it  go  back  to  the  government,  and  in 
1891  came  to  Idaho.  He  lived  three  years  in  Vine- 
land,  and  in  1898  came  to  his  present  place  and  pur- 
chased sixty  acres.  He  built  a  store  in  company  with 


his  brother-in-law,  G.  L.  Briggs,  whose  interest  he  pur- 
chased last  year.  Since  its  start  the  business  has  been 
pushed  with  a  vigor  and  wisdom  that  have  brought 
success  and  Mr.  Mclntyre  is  gaining  a  patronage  and 
prestige  that  are  truly  enviable.  Our  subject  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  John,  residing  in 
Iowa;  lames,  a  teacher  and  preacher;  Perry,  at  Lap- 
wai :  Robert,  a  railroad  man.  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa ; 
Ann,  wife  of  George  W.  Wasson,  a  farmer  in  Iowa; 
Margaret,  wife  of  John  Stahl,  a  fanner  in  Iowa; 
Ellen,  wife  of  Air.  Wyman,  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 
On  July  21,  1880,  in  Greley  county,  Nebraska,  Mr. 
Mclntyre  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  and 
Zillah'(Swenk)  Hayter.  The  father  was  a  preacher 
in  the  United  Brethren  church  and  died  on  July  23, 
1889.  The  mother  lives  in  Blackfoot,  Idaho.  Mrs. 
Mclntyre  was  born  in  Poweshiek  county,  Iowa,  on 
March' 4,  1858.  She  has  two  brothers  and  three  sisters. 
John  and  Wallace,  in  Blackfoot,  Idaho,  farming; 
Mary,  wife  of  Perry  Mclntyre;  Susan,  wife  of  Alonzo 
Lew'is,  in  Idaho;  Viola,  w'ife  of  John  S.  Briggs,  in 
Oregon.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Mclntyre,  Thomas  and  Gladys.  Our  subject  and 
his  wife  are  both  members  of  the  Methodist  church, 
South.  Politically,  Mr.  Mclntyre  is  a  Prohibitionist 
and  is  always  allied  on  the  side  of  sound  principles 
and  progress  in  the  substantial  interests  of  the  country 


ALVA  BOYER.  Among  the  industrious  and  well 
prospered  farmers  of  the  reservation  country,  whose 
labors  have  made  this  wild  region  to  blossom  as  the 
rose,  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  upright,  genial, 
and  substantial  gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this 
paragraph. 

Alva  Boyer  was  born  in  Oregon,  on  July  22,  1867, 
being  the  son  of  Lloyd  and  Sarah  (Pinkerton)  Boyer, 
natives  of  Missouri,  born  January  15,  1840,  and  July 
18,  1844,  respectively.  They  were  married  September 
27,  1860.  The  father  crossed  the  plains  in  1859  and 
died  in  1870.  The  mother  died  in  1873.  She  had 
two  brothers.  Henry  and  William,  large  land  owners 
near  Athena,  Oregon.  Alva  went  to  live  with  his 
uncle,  William  Pinkerton,  after  the  death  of  his  parents 
and  remained  in  the  vicinity  of  Athena  until  he  w 
twenty-one,  securing  a  good  education  from  the  dis- 
trict schools  and  a  fine  training  in  farming  and  stock 
raising. 

He  entered  the  employ  of  others  until  the  year 
1897,  and  then  he  came  to  the  reservation  and 
purchased  the  relinquishment  of  his  present  place, 
four  miles  west  from  Gifford.  To  the  improvement 
and  subjugation  of  this  land  he  has  devoted  his  time 
and  energies  since,  with  the  gratifying  result  that  he 
has  a  good  farm  which  produces  abundant  crops  of  the 
cereals,  flax  and  fruits  and  sustains  considerable  stock. 
Mr.  Boyer  has  two  brothers,  Henry,  living  on  a  farm 
near  Summit,  Idaho;  William,  in  Adams,  Oregon; 
two  sisters,  Angie,  wife  of  Eugene  Richardson ;  Mary, 
wife  of  James  Johnson,  whose  brother,  Burr  Johnson, 
is  a  large  stockman  of  Pendleton. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  June  21.  1891,  Mr.  Boyer  married  Miss  Cora, 
daughter  of  Elijah  V.  and  Sarelia  (Wheeler)  Cun- 
ningham, natives  of  Missouri  and  Polk  county, 
Oregon.  The  father  crossed  the  plains  in  the  'sixties ; 
he  and  his  brothers  served  in  the  Civil  war.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Cunningham  now  reside  in  Whitman  county. 
Mrs.  Boyer  was  born  in  Independence,  Oregon,  on 
July  9,  1871,  and  has  two  brothers  and  three  sisters, 
Arthur,  in  the  Buffalo  Hump  country ;  Macy,  with  his 
parents  near  Albion ;  Opal  and  Stella,  single ;  Bertha, 
wife  of  Bert  Rice,  near  Albion,  Washington.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boyer,  Veta 
and  Lloyd.  Mr.  Boyer  is  a  Populist  in  politics. 


ELRA  L.  SPIVY.  An  industrious  and  highly 
respected  farmer  and  citizen,  a  man  of  integrity  and 
worth  of  character,  and  who  has  manifested  it  in  his 
commendable  walk  among  his  fellows,  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  accord  representation  to  the  subject 
of  this  article. 

Elra  L.  Spivy  was  born  in  Adair  county,  Missouri, 
on  March  15,  1865.  Especial  mention  is  made  of  his 
father  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  When  five  months 
old,  the  parents  crossed  the  plains  and  settled  in  Ore- 
gon, where  Elra  was  educated  and  where  he  worked 
until  eighteen,  when  he  stepped  forth  for  himself  and 
removed  to  Whitman  county,  where  he  took  land  near 
Palouse  and  for  five  years  devoted  himself  to  its 
culture.  Later  he  spent  six  years  in  the  Big  Bend 
raising  horses  and  cattle,  whence  he  came  to  the  reser- 
vation when  it  opened.  He  owned  then  nineteen  head 
of  horses  and  with  this  capital  he  started  in.  His  land 
is  located  three  miles  east  from  Myrtle  and  is  well  im- 
proved and  he  also  raises  some  stock. 

On  August  7,  1900,  Mr.  Spivy  married  Miss  Elsie, 
daughter  of  William  V.  and  Mary  (Kenoyer)  Mar- 
latt.  She  was  born  in  Columbia  county,  Washington, 
on  November  6,  1879,  and  she  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  Thomas,  a  stockman  in  Oregon : 
Milton  M.,  near  Walla  Walla;  William,  on  the  reser- 
vation :  Edward  D.,  also  on  the  reservation ;  Nancy 
M.,  wife  of  William  Catron,  in  the  Grande  Ronde, 
Oregon;  Ella,  wife  of  Jackson  Hull,  in  Whitman 
county,  Washington ;  Florence,  wife  of  Frank  Brown, 
manager  of  J  umbo  mine,  in  the  Buffalo  Hump  country. 


JERRY  WEBBER  comes  from  a  strong  and 
prominent  family  and  his  record  compares  favorably 
with  that  of  his  worthy  ancestors  and  will  make  very 
interesting  additions  to  the  volume  of  the  county 
history. 

Jerry  Webber  was  born  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  on 
August  2,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Anna 
J.  (Arbuckle)  Webber.  The  father  was  born  in  Pitts- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  and  has  been  a  steamboat  captain 
on  the  Mississippi  all  his  life  and  still  continues  to 
run  the  river.  The  mother  was  born  in  East  Liverpool, 
Ohio,  in  1830,  of  Welsh  ancestry  and  her  father  is 


aged  ninety-eight  and  her  mother  ninety-seven.  Our 
subject  departed  from  the  parental  roof  when  he  was 
ten  years  old  and  found  employment  as  clerk  in  a 
grocery  store.  A  year  or  so  later,  he  went  as  pilot 
on  the  Wisconsin  river,  being  also  watchman.  Then 
he  went  with  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  as  pilot  on 
the  Saskatchewan  river  for  eight  years.  Then  came 
the  Reil  Rebellion  for  services  in 'which  he  owns  a 
medal  from  the  Canadian  government.  After  this  he 
went  to  the  Nile  for  the  English  government  to  the 
relief  of  General  Gordon  under  Woolesley.  For  his 
excellent  service  in  this  expedition,  Mr.  Webber  bears 
a  silver  medal  and  a  bronze  cross  from  the  Khedive 
of  Egypt.  These  trophies  of  merit  and  excellent  ser- 
vice should  cause  a  pardonable  pride  and  they  speak 
great  things  of  Mr.  Webber's  faithfulness,  his"  ability, 
and  his  courage,  having  been  given  from  governments 
in  widely  different  sections.  He  served  on  a  steamer 
for  a  time  and  then  returned  to  St.  Paul,  where  he 
took  the  position  of  mail  carrier,  about  eight  years, 
after  which  he  builded  bridges,  then  came  to  Buffalo 
Hump  and  mined.  In  1898,  Mr.  Webber  entered  the 
Spanish  war  and  soon  rose  from  private  to  regimental 
quartermaster,  serving  in  that  capacity  for  nine 
months.  1899,  he  came  to  Idaho  and  took  a  claim  on 
the  Salmon  river  six  miles  south  from  Morrow.  Mr. 
Webber  has  five  sisters,  Phoebe  Henderson,  Sarah 
Hines,  Lavina  Cassity,  Deborah  Ella,  Ida  May  Upham. 
Mr.  Webber  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the 
Knights  of  Malta.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican  and 
takes  up  the  campaigns  with  a  zest.  His  paternal 
grandfather  was  in  the  war  of  1812  and  also  the 
Mexican  war  and  lived  to  be  one  hundred  and  one 
years  old.  He  built  the  arsenal  at  Allegheny,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  the  'forties.  Mr.  Webber  had  five  uncles 
in  the  Civil  war  and  three  of  them  gave  their  lives 


:ulturist 

of  Summit,  is  a  man  of  strong  character,  well  : 
spected  by  his  neighbors,  a  keen  business  man,  a  pro- 
moter of  good  schools  and  a  patriotic  man,  public 
spirited  and  intelligent. 

Mason  Morris  was  born  in  Daviess  county, 
Missouri,  on  September  5,  1847,  being  the  son  of 
John  and  Edith  (Johnson)  Morris,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  born  June  17,  1809  and  1811,  respectively. 
The  "mother  died  in  1867  and  the  father  died  in  April 
1887.  He  was  a  prominent  farmer  and  pioneer  of 
Iowa  and  Ohio.  Mason  was  taken  to  Texas  when  one 
old  and  there  remained  until  nineteen.  In  1867,  he 
came  with  his  sister's  family  to  the  vicinity  of  Waits- 
burg,  Washington  and  then  he  worked  at  teaming  and 
farming  for  a  time  and  sold  his  railroad  land  and 
went  to  Dayton.  There  he  operated  a  milk  wagon  for 
a  time,  then  bought  a  farm  and  he  sold  and  bought 
several  times  until  1884,  when  he  removed  to  the 
vicinity  of  Kendrick  and  bought  land.  Here  he  re- 
sided until  1894,  when  he  removed  to  the  reservation 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  rented  land.  When  it  opened,  he  took  his  pres- 
ent place,  three  miles  northwest  from  Summit.  He 
had  little  capital  but  has  done  exceedingly  well  since 
then.  He  produced  as  high  as  twenty-seven  bushels  of 
flax  to  the  acre  this  year.  Mr.  Morris  had  one  brother, 
Robinson,  deceased.  He  has  four  sisters  dead  and  one, 
Mary  E.,  wife  of  Washington  B.  Smith,  living  in 
Washington. 

On  December  14,  1871,.  Mr.  Morris  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  M..  daughter  of  Sanford  and  Margaret  M. 
(Buchanan)  Bramlett.  The  wedding  occurred  at  Mr. 
Bramlett's  home.  To  this  marriage  there  have  been 
born  the  following  children:  Charles  E.,  a  merchant 
at  Myrtle;  Earnest  F.,  Elmer  F.,  Clarence  N.,  John 
S.,  Robert  M.,  Dora  F.,  all  at  home;  Ida  C,  wife  of 
Noah  Bechtel.  near  Summit.  Mrs.  Morris  was  born 
in  Obion  county,  Tennessee,  on  December  21,  1848. 
Her  father  lives  three  miles  northwest  from  Summit 
and  is  raising  stock.  Her  mother  died  January  4, 
1900.  She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Thomas  N.,  Vandelia,  Louise  J.,  Samuel,  Laura  L., 
John  S.,  Martha  F.,  Dora  A.  and  Charles  A.  Mr. 
Morris  is  a  man  of  progressive  ideas  and  has  put  in- 
to execution  good  energy  and  wisdom  in  the  care  of 
his  business  enterprises. 


MINOR  SPIVY  is  one  of  the  esteemed  pioneers 
of  the  northwest,  having  assisted  to  open  up  a  number 
of  different  sections  since  his  first  advent  to  the  coast 
country  in  1865.  He  was  born  in  Giles  county,  Ten- 
nessee, on  August  26,  1836,  being  the  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Lucy  Spivy.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Tennessee  and  died  aged  thirty-eight.  His  father  was 
born  in  Ireland  and  his  mother  in  Germany.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Tennessee  and  her 
parents  were  natives  of  North  Carolina.  She  died  six 
days  after  her  husband's  death.  Both  deaths  resulted 
from  exposure  while  traveling  to  Missouri.  Our  sub- 
ject was  raised  by  his  uncle,  John  Wilks,  in  Randolph 
county,  Missouri,  and  his  education  was  gained  from 
the  district  schools.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  worked 
out  and  when  twenty-eight  he,  with  his  wife  and  child, 
crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams.  He  settled  in  Lane 
county,  later  removing  to  Douglas  county,  where  he 
did  well  raising  hogs.  In  1879,  he  settled  near 
Palouse,  on  lieu  land  and  there  farmed  until  Novem- 
ber, 1897,  the  month  of  his  arrival  and  also  the  time 
of  his  departure.  He  filed  on  his  present  place,  just 
southeast  from  Myrtle,  and  since  that  time  has  devoted 
himself  to  its  cultivation  and  improvement.  Mr. 
Spivy  has  one  brother,  William,  residing  in  Fresno, 
California,  who  owned  land  in  the  city  limits  which  he 
sold  at  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  per  acre  and 
thus  became  wealthy.  Air.  Spivy  has  one  sister, 
Lucy,  widow  of  Milton  Bozarth. 

On  February  22,  1864,  Mr.  Spivy  married  Miss 
Ellen/ daughter  of  Washington  and  Mary  (Jones) 
Parker,  natives  of  Missouri,  but  pioneers  to  Lane 
county,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Spivy  died,  aged  twenty,  when 
they  were  crossing  the  plains  and  were  twelve  miles 


,  , 

.  The  fruit  of  the  second  marriage  i 
son,  William  A.,  a  specially  bright  and  promising 
youth.  Mr.  Spivy  served  in  the  Confederate  army 
under  Price,  participating  in  the  battles  of  Lexington, 
Pea  Ridge  and  others.  He  was  finally  discharged  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  care  of  a  very  sick  brother.  Mr. 
Spivy  is  a  Democrat  and  a  highly  respected  citizen. 


NOBLE  HENRY.  Daniel  Boone  has  a  counter- 
part in  the  subject  of  this  article.  A  noted  trapper,  a 
skillful  hunter,  a  doughty  pioneer,  a  veritable  leader 
of  frontiersmen,  it  is  eminently  fitting  to  grant  space 
in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county  to  Noble  Henry. 
He  was  born  in  Indiana,  on  October  8,  1838,  the  son 
of  Joseph  and  Ellen  (Fisher)  Henry.  The  father  died 
on  "December  15,  1892,  aged  seventy-eight.  He  built 
the  first  house  in  the  Grande  Ronde  valley,  in  1860, 
and  was  a  pioneer  in  Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Mon- 
tana, Oregon,  Washington,  and  Idaho.  He  was  a 
native  of  Ohio  and  died  on  the  reservation.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  also  a  native  of  Ohio  and 
her  parents  were  Pennsylvania  Dutch.  Noble  acquired 
little  schooling  in  Michigan,  but  has  spent  much  time 
in  careful  research  since,  and  is  a  well  informed  man. 
When  nine,  he  settled  with  his  father  in  Iowa,  seventy- 
five  miles  from  neighbors.  Later  they  went  to  the 
various  states  mentioned  above  and  in  1860,  came  to 
Grande  Ronde  valley  and  both  took  claims.  Our  sub- 
ject held  the  land  where  Union  now  stands  and  sold 
his  relinquishment  for  seventy  dollars.  In  1861.  he 
commenced  packing  and  in  this  line  he  was  exception- 
ally skillful.  He  packed  out  of  Lewiston  for  eighteen 
years,  having  a  train  of  nearly  one  hundred  animals, 
handling  nineteen  thousand  pounds.  Lewiston  was  a 
great  shipping  point  in  those  days  and  Mr.  Henry  was 
one  of  the  best  known  transporters  of  freight  in  the 
entire  country.  In  the  'seventies  he  settled  in  Asotin 
county,  Washington,  and  commenced  to  raise  stock. 
There  he  remained  until  1899,  when  he  came  to  the 
reservation  and  settled  on  his  allotment,  the  entire 
acreage  of  his  family  being  nearly  one  thousand.  Mr. 
Henry  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Frank, 
in  the  Okanogan  country,  Washington;  Joseph,  in 
Stockton,  California :  Lorenzo,  residing  near  Lapwai ; 
Lorin  G..  in  Umitilla  county,  Oregon;  Marinda.  wife 
of  James  Allen,  on  the  John  Day ;  Eliza,  wife  of  Mr. 
Brintner.  at  Mason  City,  Iowa;  Mary,  wife  of  Mr. 
Black,  in  Iowa;  Sarah,  wife  of  Robert  Sutton,  in 
Okanogan  county,  Washington. 

In  1868,  Mr.  Henry  married  Tanacama,  a  Nez 
Perces  Indian  woman.  Her  parents  died  when  she 
was  very  young  and  she  was  raised  by  a  sister.  She 
is  a  sister  of  old  chief  Jonah,  now  living  on  the  reser- 
vation, aged  seventy-five.  Mrs.  Henry  has  one  sister, 
Mealets,  wife  of  J.  Maxwell,  who  deserted  her  recently. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


183 


To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  there  have  been  born  nine 
children:  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Frank  Broncho;  Louisa, 
wife  of  Edwin  Broncho;  Jane,  wife  of  William  Smith, 
all  living  on  their  allotments  in  the  reservation ; 


Joseph, 


lemaker  and  baker  trades;  John,  aged  twenty, 
a  blacksmith  and  engineer ;  Benjamin,  aged  seventeen, 
a  shoemaker;  Frank,  aged  fourteen,  and  Lorin  aged 
nine,  both  attending  the  Indian  school.  The  sons  of 
Mr.  Henry  are  all  notable  musicians  and  are  members 
of  the  band.  In  fact,  they  have  displayed  great  skill 
and  talent  in  this  line  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  they 
may  seek  training  further  to  develope  the  latent  ability. 


PHILIP  R.  KIRBY.  It  is  with  especial  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  review  the  career  of  Mr.  Kirby, 
both  because  he  has  done  commendable  work  in  de- 
veloping the  reservation  country  and  also  because 
he  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  northwest  and  comes 
from  one  of  the  pioneer  families. 

Philip  R.  Kirby  was  born  in  Brown  county,  Min- 
nesota, on  September  8,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Philip 
and  Sarah  M.  (Back)  Kirby.  The  father  was  born 
in  Ohio  on  February  n,  1830,  and  his  parents  were 
born  in  Middletown,  Connecticut,  and  for  six  or  more 
generations  back,  the  Kirbys  were  a  stanch  and  promi- 
nent family  there,  having  taken  part  in  the  arduous 
labors  of  opening  the  land  for  the  early  colonies. 
They  also  furnished  many  brave  soldiers  for  the  wars 
of  the  Revolution  and  of  1812,  while  also  many  noted 
officers  came  from  this  family  in  these  and  the'  Indian 
wars.  The  father  of  our  subject  came  to  Michigan 
when  a  small' boy.  and  he  has  been,  on  the  frontier 
all  his  life.  He  now  lives  in  Vineland,  near  Lewiston. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Vermont  and 
died  on  January  13,  1896,  aged  fifty-nine.  Her  de- 
mise occurred  near  Wilbur,  Washington.  She  came 
from  an  old  and  prominent  New  England  family.  In 
•1872,  our  subject  came  with  his  father  to  the  land 
where  Spokane  now  stands.  The  father  built  the  third 
log  cabin  on  the  site  of  that  now  flourishing  city  and 
was  identified  with  the  opening  of  the  country  and  in 
building  it  up.  He  was  well  known  about  Spokane 
and  his  labors  did  very  much  to  assist  in  starting  the 
thriving  city  that  is  now  the  pride  of  the  northwest. 
He  took  land  on  what  is  known  as  Moran  prairie, 
hauled  the  first  fruit  trees  from  Colfax  and  planted 
the  first  orchard  in  the  whole  section,  thus  benefitting 
in  an  untold  manner  the  whole  country  by  introducing 
fruit  growing.  Philip  R.  drove  the  second  milk  wagon 
that  ever  started  in  Spokane,  and  he  attended  the  first 
school  taught  in  the  village.  Mr.  Havermale,  a 
well  known  Methodist  preacher  now  living  in  Spokane, 
taught  the  school.  Thus  has  Mr.  Kirby  and  his 
father  been  connected  with  the  inception  of  civiliza- 
tion's salutary  institutions  in  the  most  notable  sections 
of  the  northwest  and  he  is  today  still  in  the  chariot 
of  progress  and  his  labors  in  the  reservation  portion 

he  was  twentw-two,  he  went  into  partnership  with  his 


father  and  brother  and  they  embarked  in  the  stock 
business  in  what  is  known  as  the  Big  Bend  country. 
There,  also,  they  did  much  to  open  up  the  country. 
Twice,  on  account  of  hard  winters,  they  were  swept 
clean  of  all  stock,  but  they  stuck  to  the  enterprise  and 
finally  made  a  success  of  it.  In  1898,  our  subject  re- 
moved to  the  reservation  and  bought  a  relinquishment, 
which  he  sold  later  and  made  a  tour  of  northwestern 
Canada  in  quest  of  land,  but  finding  nothing  suitable, 
he  returned  to  the  reservation  country  and  bought  his 
present  place,  one  and  one-half  miles  northwest  from 
Dublin.  He  has  a  good  ranch  and  raises  oats  and 
timothy  principally.  Mr.  Kirby  has  one  brother, 
Eugene,  a  farmer  near  Ilo.  He  has  five  sisters,  Isabel, 
wife  of  Thomas  Newlan,  a  fruit  raiser,  five  miles 
southeast  from  Spokane;  Blanch,  wife  of  William 
Hilby,  a  farmer  eight  miles  southeast  from  Spokane; 
Sarah,  wife  of  P.  T.  Lewis,  a  farmer  at  Ferdinand, 
Idaho  county;  Mary,  wife  of  George  Capps,  a  farmer 
near  Reardan,  Washington;  Abigil,  single  and  living 
near  Spokane.  Mr.  Kirby  has  never  seen  fit  to  re- 
linquish the  pleasant  retreat  and  quiet  joys  of  the 
bachelor  for  the  seas  of  matrimony. 

By  way  of  reminiscence  we  remark  that  his  father 
was  in  the  Civil  war,  serving  in  the  eleventh  Minnesota 
Volunteers,  and  also  fought  in  the  bloody  Sioux  Indian 


JOHN  TRAIN.  A  prosperous  farmer,  an  up- 
right man,  a  loyal  citizen  and  a  good  friend  and  neigh- 
.bor,  such  is  the  subject  of  this  article,  who  has  done 
a  goodly  share  in  the  development  work  on  the  reser- 
vation and  is  a  man  of  sound  principles  and  wisdom. 

John  Thain  was  born  in  Scotland,  on  November 
1 6,  1865,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Forbes) 
Thain,  natives  of  Scotland.  The  father  was  a  boat 
builder  and  died  in  1869.  The  mother  was  born  in 
1828,  and  still  lives  in  North  Dakota.  John  grew  up 
in  his  native  land  and  there  acquired  his  education. 
In  1882,  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  thence  he 
went  to  Canada,  Ontario,  where  he  settled  to  farming 
for  a  time.  Next  we  see  him  in  Dickey  county.  North 
Dakota,  where  he  took  a  timber  culture  and"  for  six 
years  he  farmed.  Then  a  sale  was  made  of  this  prop-  • 
erty  and  he  came  to  the  Hoodoo  mining  section  in 
Latah  county,  where  he  mined  and  also  on  the  Clear- 
water,  for  four  years,  doing  well  in  both  places.  In 
1896,  Mr.  Thain  came  to  the  reservation,  taking  his 
place,  immediately  adjoining  Melrose  on  the  northeast, 
where  he  has  bestowed  his  labors  since. 

On  January  10,  1894,  in  Latah  county,  Mr.  Thain 
married  Miss  Elsie,  daughter  of  John  and  Belle  (Tay- 
lor) Lorimer,  natives  of  Scotland.  The  father  was 
a  veterinary  surgeon.  Mrs.  Thain  was  born  in  Scot- 
land and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1888.  She  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Charles,  David, 
James.  Isabella,  Anna  and  Ellen.  Mr.  Thain  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Ana,  Jane, 
James,  William  and  Henry.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thain,  Alice.  Dmitjlas.  Mary 
and  Raymond.  Mr.  Thain  is  a  nit-mbcr  of  the  M.  W. 


i84 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


A.,  at  Melrose.  He  has  set 
school  board  and  is  a  strong  ; 
He  is  a  stanch  Republican  ai 


considerably  on  the 
cate  of  good  schools.' 
tive  in  the  caucuses. 


JOHN  W.  WHITE.  Although  in  1902,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  came  to  Gifford,  still  he  has  been 
almost  all  his  life  in  the  various  portions  of  the  west, 
adjacent  to  Nez  Perces  county,  and  his  integrity,  his 
energy,  his  patriotism  and  progressive  spirit  entitle 
him  to  be  numbered  with  the  leading  citizens  of  Gif- 
ford. At  the  present  time,  Mr.  White  is  engaged  in 
handling  a  stock  of  papers  and  paints,  occupying  a  por- 
tion of  Clayton's  hardware  store.  He  is  a  practical 
house  decorator  and  a  man  of  excellent  tastes  and  so 
leads  in  this  line  of  enterprise.  ' 

John  W.  White  was  born  in  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  on 
February  13,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Alva  and  Re- 
becca (Burton)  White.  The  father  died  when  John 
was  two  years  of  age.  The  mother  was  a  native  of 
Kentucky  and  died  in  Yolo  county,  California,  in 
1887,  aged  sixty-five.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
Iowa  until  eighteen  and  then  went  to  Sacramento 
county,  California,  whither  the  rest  of  the  family  had 
preceded  him.  He  was  two  years  in  school  and  on 
the  farm,  then  went  to  Tulare  county,  but  returned  to 
Sacramento.  All  told,  he  lived  in  California  nineteen 
years.  During  this  time,  he  learned  the  carpenter's 
trade.  Then  a  move  was  made  to  Sprague,  Washing- 
ton, and  two  years  were  spent  in  laboring  as  a  carpen- 
ter. Following  this,  Mr.  White  removed  to  Kendrick 
and  there  resided  for  twelve  years  and  then  came  the 
settlement  in  Gifford,  as  stated  above.  Mr.  White  has 
some  fine  residence  property  in  Gifford.  He  has  one 
residence  on  the  hill,  where  he -has  bought  two  acres 
of  land,  which  is  one  of  the  most  tasty  and  hand- 
somely arranged  and  decorated  of  any  residence  in 
the  town. 

Mr.  White  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
George  W. ;  William  L. ;  Byron  B. ;  Annie  C.  Elesy ; 
Mary  J.  Allard ;  Ida ;  Clement.  Mr.  White  has  never 
seen  fit  to  leave  the  contentment  and  quiet  pleasure  of 
his  bachelor  life  for  a  venture  on  the  stage  of  connubi- 
ality.  He  is  a  man  of  sound  principles,  governed  by 
discretion  and  wisdom  and  is  entitled  to  and  receives 
the  confidence  of  all  who  know  him. 
E  N  Keeney  to  Imy  follow. 


ELIJAH  N.  KEENEY  is  one  of  the  principal 
owjners  of  the  town  site  of  Eugene,  which  postoffice 
is  known  as  Gifford.  He  has  always  been  public 
spirited  and  generous  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  town 
and  surrounding  country.  He  has  donated  lots  to  sev- 
eral worthy  purposes  and  is  always  on  the  progressive 
side  of  things. 

Elijah  N.  Keeney  was  born  in  Eugene,  Oregon,  on 
November  12.  1866,  being  the  spn  of  Jonathan  and 
Margaret  S.  (Mitchell)  Keeney.  When  our  subject 
was  ten,  the  father  went  to  Colfax,  Washington,  and 


his  sons  joined  him  three  years  later.  The 
mother  died  April  14,  1899.  Elijah  worked  in  the 
planing  mill  business  in  Colfax  for  eight  years  and 
in  1892,  went  to  Valejo,  California,  where  he  labored 
for  three  years  as  an  undertaker  for  Henry  Connolly. 
In  August,  1895,  he  returned  to  Colfax,  and  later 
came  to  the  reservation,  securing  the  claim  where  he 
now  lives.  He  built  a  primitive  log  cabin  and  for  a 
long  time  it  was  used  for  the  meeting  place  of  the 
settlers.  He  has  improved  his  place  in  excellent  shape 
and  raises  the  cereals,  handles  stock  and  has  some 
registered  specimens.  A  portion  of  his  land  has  been 
used  for  the  town  site  of  Eugene  and  many  have  pur- 
chased lots  from  him.  Mr.  Keeney  has  three  brothers, 
Oliver  M.,  George  F.,  and  John  J.,  the  last  two  living 
in  the  vicinity  of  Rosedale,  Washington,  and  the  for- 
mer in  Whitman  county.  He  has  one  sister,  Martha 
J.,  wife  of  Joseph  Cherry  of  Rosedale,  Washington. 
On  May  23,  1900,  Mr.  Keeney  married  Miss  Eu- 
genia, daughter  of  John  and  Catherine  M.  (Thiele) 
Allen,  natives  respectively  of  Arkansas  and  Missouri. 
They  reside  near  Drain,  Oregon,  having  crossed  the 
plains  in  1852.  Mrs.  Keeney's  ancestors  on  her  moth- 
er's side  came  from  Germany  and  her  paternal  an- 
cestors from  Tennessee.  She  has  four  brothers  and 
one  sister,  Robert  L.,  Frederick  A.,  Murry  M.,  Creed 
H.,  all  in  Oregon.  The  sister,  Mrs.  Susie  E.  Hanson, 
lives  near  our  subject.  Mr.  Keeney  has  a  member- 
ship in  the  M.  W.  A.,  Melrose  camp,  6216.  He  was 
clerk  of  Beeman  Camp,  M.  W.  A.,  6885,  at  Eugene  un- 
til it  disbanded.  In  politics  he  is  independent.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keeney  there  has  been  born  one  child, 
Hjsster  W.  Mr.  Keeney's  grandparents  crossed  the 
plains  with  ox  carts  in  1852,  the  maternal  grand- 
father being  from  Maine  and  the  maternal  grand- 
mother from  Connecticut.  Mr.  Keeney  has  served  as 
school  director  and  has  always  labored  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  cause  of  education  as  well  as  for 
the  general  progress  and  he  has  universally  shown 
himself  a  man  of  mature  judgment  and  keen  wisdom, 
while  his  integrity  and  intrinsic  worth  is  never  ques- ' 
tioned. 


JOHN  L.  BLEWETT  is  a  young  man  of  intell- 
igence and  ability  and  has  shown  forth  wisdom  and 
enterprise  in  his  labors  in  Nez  Perces  county,  where 
he  has  a  good  estate  three  miles  west  from  Gifford. 
This  land  was  secured  through  homestead  right  and 
Mr.  Blewett  has  devoted  himself  to  improving  it  and 
making  a  first  class  farm  in  every  respect. 

John  L.  Blewett  was  born  iri  Lafayette  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  September  8,  1867,  being  the  son  of 
Richard  and  America  (Lorton)  Blewett.  The  father 
was  born  in  England  and  came  to  the  United  States 
with  his  parents  when  a  small  boy  and  now  is  farming 
in  Kansas.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Iowa,  and  married  on  February  16,  1864,  in  Lafay- 
ette county,  Wisconsin.  John  L.  was  raised  in  Wis- 
consin until  seven,  when  the  family  went  to  Iowa. 
Ten  years  later,  they  journeyed  to  Kansas,  and  in 
these  places  he  secured  his  education.  'When  twenty- 


JOHN  W.  WHITE 


ELIJAH  N.  KEENEY.  MRS.  ELIJAH  N.  KEENEY. 


MRS.  LILY  M.  BLEWETT.  JOHN  L.  BLEWETT. 


JAMES  W.  BOYD. 


CHARLES  W.  GREEN.  MRS.  CHARLES  W.  GREEN. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


one,  he  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  labored  on  a  ranch 
for  eighteen  months,  after  which  he  went  to  Whit- 
man county  and  worked  on  a  steamer  on  the  Snake 
river  until  1896.  In  that  year  he  came  to  the  reserva- 
tion and  filed  on  his  present  claim.  He  brought 
twenty-five  head  of  cattle  with  him  and  the  first  year 
he  fenced  his  land  and  got  a  good  start.  He  has  since 
devoted  himself  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock 
and  is  a  prosperous  citizen.  His  farm  supports  large 
numbers  of  hogs,  some  cattle  and  horses  and  is  a  well 
improved  and  valuable  estate.  Mr.  Blewett  has  four 
brothers  and  three  sisters, 4  Daniel,  Frank,  Richard, 
Gilbert,  with  his  parents ;  Drusilla  Douty,  Laura  Tow- 
ner,  Nettie.  Mr.  Blewett  is  a  member  of  Excelsior 
Lodge  No.  2,  K.  of  P.,  and  also  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
both  in  Lewiston.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics. 

On  June  16,  1901,  Mr.  Blewett  married  Miss 
Lily  M.,  daughter  of  Lavega  and  Mahala  (English) 
Peer,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  is  deceased  but 
the  mother  lives  with  her  sons  at  Cottonwood.  Mrs. 
Blewett  was  born  in  Illinois,  on  September  14,  1881 
and  has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,  Ernest,  Sher- 
man, Alexander,  Hope,  all  near  Culdesac.  One  child 
has  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blewett,  Neta  B.  This 
young  couple  are  important  additions  to  the  social 
realm  of  their  community  and  are  bright,  spirited, 
and  excellent  people  who  have  many  friends. 


JAMES  W.  BOYD,  a  prominent  and  substantial 
agriculturist  located  three  miles  west  from  Nezperce 
on  one  of  the  choicest  farms  of  this  section, 
is  the  son  of  Robert  and  Sarah  (Reed)  Boyd.  The 
father  was  born  in  Ireland  and  came  to  this  country 
with  his  parents  when  he  was  four  years  of  age. 
They  located  in  Ohio  and  there  he  grew  to  manhood 
and  married.  Later  he  removed  to  Carroll  county, 
Illinois,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
on  February  5,  1847.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
died  when  lie  was  an  infant  and  then  the  father  took 
him  to  Washington  county,  Iowa,  where  he  grew  to 
manhood  and  received  a  good  education  in  the  public 
and  high  schools.  The  father  was  a  prominent  and 
wealthy  farmer  of  that  county  and  James  remained 
with  him  until  his  death.  Previous  to  that  death, 
however,  James  had  engaged  in  coal  mining.  Then 
he  went  to  Hastings,  Nebraska,  and  began  the  manu- 
facture of  barbwire.  Soon  he  returned  to  Iowa  and 
on  November  13,  1879,  occurred  the  happy  event  of 
his  marriage  with  Ruth  McNay.  They  returned  to 
'  Hastings  and  one  child  was  born  to  them,  Lena  R., 
who  is  now  attending  a  business  college  in  Denver, 
Colorado,  having  also  graduated  from  a  literary  col- 
lege there.  Mrs.  Boyd  died  on  December  7,  1880. 
Following  her  death,  'Mr.  Boyd  closed  out  his  busi- 
ness and  went  to  Helena,  Montana,  where  he  did  dai- 


,  late 


braska.  He  engaged  in  different  occupations  there 
and  in  1889  Mr.  Boyd  came  to  Tacoma,  thence  to 
Centralia  and  later  to  Moscow,  Idaho,  where  he  fol- 
lowed prospecting  for  three  years.  But  at  the  time 


of  the  opening  of  the  fertile  Xez  Perces  reservation, 
Mr.  Boyd  was  ready  to  locate  and  so  secured  one  of 
the  most  valuable  claims  in  this  favored  section.  He 
had  much  to  endure  to  open  up  the  land  and  make  a 
good  home  single  handed,  but  he  has  persevered  and 
has  now]  one  of  the  excellent  estates  of  the  country. 
In  addition  to  this  property,  Mr.  Boyd  has  an  inter- 
est in  the  Farmer's  Grain  Company  which  owns 
tramways  and  warehouses. 

Mr.  Boyd  has  been  an  extensive  traveler  and  has 
seen  much  of  the  ways  of  man  as  well  as  exploring 
many  of  the  interesting  places  of  the  United  States. 
In  1876  he  visited  the  Centennial  at  Philadelphia  and 
at  that  time  also  visited  most  of  the  important  cities 
of  the  east,  not  missing,  of  course,  the  great  Niagara 
Falls.  During  1870  he  traveled  in  California  and  al- 
most every  portion  of  that  state  is  familiar  to  him. 
We  are  also  glad  to  add  that  Mr.  Boyd  is  of  excep- 
tionally good  standing  in  the  community,  being  re- 
spected and  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 


CHARLES  W.  GREEN  is  one  of  the  leading  busi- 
ness men  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  is  at  present  lo- 
cated at  Lenore  where  he  operates  a  fine  warehouse. 
He  has  warehouses  on  both  sides  of  the  river  and  they 
are  connected  by  an  aerial  tramway  and  his  facilities 
for  handling  and  storing  grain  are  among  the  best 
in  this  section  of  the  country. 

Charles  W.  Green  was  born  in  McLean  county, 
Illinois,  on  June  26,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  S. 
and  Nancy  C.  (Herdall)  Green.  The  parents  came 
to  Idaho  in  the  spring  of  1901  and  the  father  died 
August  18,  of  the  same  year,  aged  eighty-six.  Our 
subject  received  a  good  education  from  the  public 
schools  and  from  Baker  University,  in  Baldwin  City, 
Kansas.  The  family  had  come  to  Kansas  in  1880  and 
the  father  had  purchased  a  farm  of  twelve  hundred 
and  eighty  acres  of  land,  the  largest  estate  in  that  sec- 
tion. In  addition  to  general  farming  the  father  was 
heavily  interested  in  raising  stock.  Our  subject  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  1893,  and  then  came 
west  to  look  up  a  place  for  himself.  He  rented  a  farm 
for  one  year  on  Fix  Ridge,  in  this  county  and  then 
opened  a  store  in  Juliaetta,  which  he  retired  from  one 
year  later  to  take  up  mining  in  the  Rogue  river  re- 
gion. Since  that  time  he  has  continued  his  ownership 
and  interest  in  these  promising  mining  properties.  Af- 
ter three  years  of  personal  work  in  the  mines  he  came 
to  Kendrick  and  took  up  the  grain  business  for  one 
year  and  then  made  a  move  to  Agatha  for  one  year. 
Then  Mr.  Green  came  to  Lenora,  where  he  had  erected 
various  buildings  and  now  is  fully  equipped  to  handle 
large  quantities  of  all  kinds  of  grain.  He  has  a  hand- 
some and  modern  two-story  residence  which  is  pre- 
sided over  by  his  gracious  arid  refined  wife,  who  makes 


ent  qualities  and  many  virtue! 

Mr.  Green  married  Miss 
and    Charlotte    (Mason)    Tay 


cell- 

of  John 
iber  20, 
;n,  Edra 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


T.,  and  Donavan,  the  former  aged  four  years  and 
the  latter  two  years.  Mrs.  Green  was  born  near  Pres- 
cott  in  Walla  Walla  county,  Washington,  and  her 
parents  are  now  retired  farmers.  She  has  six  broth- 
ers and  three  sisters,  as  follows :  Richard,  Ira,  Ernest, 
Elmer,  John,  Roy,  lona,  Etta,  Ina.  Etta  is  the  wife 
of  Charles  Bellmer,  a  well  known  merchant  of  Oro- 
fmo.  Mr.  Green  has  two  brothers  and  six  sisters, 
Joseph  M.,  Thomas,  Sarah  Gasaway,  Martha  Hel- 
mick,  Melissa  Lukins,  Alice  Hanlen,  Clara  Shields, 
Nancy  Flora  Willis.  Mr.  Green  is  a  Republican  in 
politics  and  has  frequently  been  a  delegate  to  the  state 
conventions,  always  taking  a  leading  part  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  measures  that  are  for  the  general 
welfare.  But  Mr.  Green  never  lets  politics  or  social 
affairs  interfere  with  his  business  interests.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  P.  at  Kendrick. 


MANLEY  I.  SHARP  is  one  of  the  thrifty  and 
industrious  stockmen  and  farmers  who  have  made  the 
reservation  country  of  Xez  Perces  county  one  of  the 
most  progressive  portions  of  the  state  of  Idaho.  His 
estate  is  five  miles  east  from  Peck  and  he  devotes 
himself  with  assiduity  to  producing  the  fruits  of  the 
field  and  raising  stock  and  dame  fortune  has  been 
lavish  in  favors  upon  him. 

Manley  I.  Sharp  was  born  in  Blue  Earth  county, 
Minnesota,  on  Jnly  7,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Hector 
and  Emily  A.  (Carpenter)  Sharp,  natives  of  Vermont 
and  Maine  respectively.  The  father  was  born  in  1812 
and  died  in  1869,  being  frozen  to  death  while  on  a 
business  trip  from  his  home  in  Dakota  to  Minnesota. 
This  sad  death  occurred  on  the  place  where  now  the 
town  of  Worthington,  Minnesota,  stands.  He  was 
a  pioneer  of  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and  Dakota. 
He  was  in  New  Ulm  at  the  time  of  the  awful  Sioux 
massacre.  The  mother  of  our  subjeci  was  born  in 
1817  and  died  in  1886.  It  is  of  note  that  she  was 
born  in  the  northeastern  and  died  in  the  northwestern 
states  of  this  great  nation  and  traveled  all  the  distance 
between  by  team.  When  Manley  was  seven,  the  family 
went  to  Sioux  Falls,  Dakota,  and  when  his  father  died 
an  older  brother  took  charge,  but  he,  too,  died  in  four 
years  and  the  weight  and  responsibilities  of  business 
rested  on  our  subject.  He  had  acquired  an  education 
from  the  schools  of  the  barracks  in  Dakota,  and  the 
family  remained  in  Dakota  until  1877,  when  they  re- 
moved by  team  to  Boise  and  settled,  just  in  time  to 
meet  the  Bannock  Indian  war.  Mr.  Sharp  teamed  for 
the  government,  hauling  supplies  and  in  1878  came 
to  the  vicinity  of  Moscow,  where  he  rented  a  farm. 
There  and  near  Pullman,  they  continued  to  live  until 
the  opening  of  the  reservation,  when  he  came  hither 
and  took  his  present  place,  five  miles  east  from  Peck. 
Settlement  was  made  here  on  March  26,  1896,  and 
since  that  time  Mr.  Sharp  has  devoted  energy  and  wis- 
dom to  bear  in  his  efforts  to  build  a  fine  home  and 
make  a  valuable  farm.  He  has  succeeded  well  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  community.  He  has 
three  sisters,  all  living  in  the  Palouse  country,  Flora 


Stratton,  Ellen  Booth,  and  Minnie  Longstreet.  Mr. 
Sharp  is  an  active  Republican  and  has  always  taken 
the  part  of  the  responsible  and  intelligent  citizen  in 
this  realm.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention 
last  year.  He  is  an  advocate  of  educational  progress  and 
labors  for  it.  His  ancestors  fought  in  the  Revolution 
and  Mr.  Sharp,  himself,  has  been  on  the  frontier  since 
his  birth,  in  fact,  he  was  -born  on  the  frontier  and 
has  been  a  pioneer  ever  since.  His  uncle,  W.  W. 
Carpenter,  served  in  the  Civil  war  and  was  wounded. . 
Mr.  Sharp  is  a  man  whom  all  respect  and  who  has  done 
much  for  the  general  progress.  Manley  I.  Sharp  and 
Mrs.  Logenia  Shockley  were  united  in  marriage  at  the 
the  home  of  the  bride  on  Central  Ridge  in  1903. 


WILLIAM  A.  SMITH,  a  leading  farmer  and 
stockman  of  the  vicinity  of  Westlake,  is  one  of  the 
heavy  real  estate  holders  of  our  county  and  a  sub- 

William  A.  Smith  was  born  in  Orange  county, 
New  York,  on  September  28,  1856.  His  parent's, 
Amzie  L.  and  Rachel  (Gray)  Smith,  were  born  in 
New  York,  in  1824,  and  died  in  1896  and  1898  re- 
spectively. The  father  was  colonel  of  the  Home 
Guards  in  his  county.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood 
in  New  York  and  was  there  educated.  When  eighteen, 
he  farmer  for  himself  and  in  1878  he  journeyed  to  Illi- 
d dairying  in 
tock.  He 

continued  there  for  a  number  of  years,  excepting  1882, 
when  he  traveled  through  the  middle  states.  In  1888, 
Mr.  Smith  came  to  Seattle  and  engaged  in  logging. 
He  sold  out  there  in  1892  and  came  to  Nez  Perces 
county  and  took  a  portion  of  his  present  place.  It 
is  a  fine  estate  of  eight  hundred  acres  and  provided 
with  fine  barns,  residence,  outbuildings,  and  other  im- 
provements that  make  it  a  first  class  place.  Mr.  Smith 
has  been  engaged  in  raising  fine  blooded  hogs  but 
is  now  turning  his  whole  attention  to  raising  cattle. 
He  came  here  with  twelve  dollars  cash  and  a  pack 

prosperous  men  of  the  county. 

At  Lewiston,  on  October  13,  1902,  Mr.  Smith  mar- 
ried Miss  Harriet  Paddock.  She  was  born  in  Illinois 
and  taught  school  in  Chicago  for  eighteen  years.  She 
came  west  for  a  visit  last  summer  and  the  result  was 
a  meeting  with  Mr.  Smith  and  their  acquaintance 
ripened  into  a  courtship  which  resulted  in  the  happy 
marriage  mentioned.  'Mr.  Smith  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Martha,  deceased,  George  S.,  • 
Orville  A.,  Virginia,  Peter  and  Jesse,  twins,  Mary, 
Doria  and  Charles.  Politically  Mr.  Smith  is  liberal 
and  an  independent  thinker,  being  unfettered  by  any 
party  ties.' 


nois,  where  he  engaged  in   farming  and 
Kane  county.     He  also  shipped  hay  and 


WILLIAM  N.  WHITSON.  Among  those  who 
have  made  comfortable  homes  and  gained  valuable 
estates  on  the  reservation,  we  are  constrained  to  men- 
tion Mr.  Whitson,  who  lives  about  one  mile  north- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


187 


east  from  Fletcher,  where  he  owns  a  quarter  section 
of  good  land  and  also  farms  considerable  more.  He 
raises  diversified  crops,  fine  Poland  China  hogs,  good 
thoroughbred  Shorthorn  cattle,  and  is  a  prosperous  and 
substantial  man. 

William  N.  Whitson  was  born  in  Jefferson  county- 
Iowa,  on  October  10,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Samuel 
H.  and  Catherine  (Bivens)  Whitson.  The  father  was 
born  in  Indiana  in  1814,  where  his  parents  were  pio- 
neers. In  1847  he  went  to  Jefferson  county,  Iowa, 
then  a  new  country,  took  a  homestead  and  remained 
tilling  the  soil  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1891. 
The  mother  was  born  March  6,  1828 ;  her  people  were 
pioneers  of  the  middle  west.  Our  subject  was  reared 
and  educated  in  Iowa.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
came  to  southern  Idaho,  Malad  valley,  and  drove  stage 
at  the  time  the  railroad  was  building  from  Ogden  to 
Butte.  Later  he'  assisted  John  Bitney,  a  prominent 
stockman,  to  drive  a  bunch  of  cattle  over  the  Mullan 
trail  to  Pendleton,  passing  through  where  Spokane 
now  is.  A  store,  blacksmith  shop  and  so  forth  con- 
stituted the  town  then  and  they  camped  with  the  cattle 
on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  where  a  large  portion 
of  Spokane  now  stands.  After  the  drive  Mr.  Whitson 
returned  to  Spokane  and  with  a  cousin  visited  the  Big 
Bend  country.  Then  he  went  to  Dayton  and  freighted 
to  Pomeroy  for  six  years,  also  drove  stage  from  Day- 
ton to  Lewiston.  Later  he  went  to  Moscow  and  took 
a  position  with  the  Shields  Company,  beginning  work 
in  1890  and  continuing  for  six  years.  Then  came  two 
years  of  farming  in  Latah  county,  and  in  1898,  Mr. 
Whitson  bought  his  present  place  and  it  has  been  the 
family  home  since  that  time. 

On  January  17,  1889,  Mr.  Whitson  married  Miss 
Nora,  daughter  of  Amos  H.  and  Mary  (Gwynn) 
Phillips.  The  father  was  born  in  New 'York  state, 
moved  to  South  Dakota,  was  a  pioneer  to  the  Palouse 
country,  where  he  now  lives.  Mrs.  Whitson's  mother 
was  born  in  Londonderry,  Ireland,  came  to  New  York, 
where  she  was  married  and  now  lives  in  the  Palouse 
country.  Mrs.  Whitson  was  born  September  20,  1869, 
in  Union  county,  South  Dakota,  and  has  the  follow- 
ing brothers  arid  sisters:  Elizabeth  LaDow,  Harry 
D.,  Jennie  Ames.  Mr.  Whitson  has  six  brothers  and 
sisters :  Suzanna  Smith,  Mary  Fountain,  Amelia,  Laura 
Axlines,  deceased,  Joseph,  Francis.  Five  children 
have  come  to  bless  the  home  of  our  subject  and  his 
faithful  wife:  Harold,  born  February  I,.  1890;  Leslie, 
born  January  5,  1892;  Rollo,  born  'May  28,  1894; 
Fern,  born  June  6-  1896;  Aloha,  born' August  14, 
1898.  Mr.  Whitson  is  a  member  of  the  Royal  Ar- 
canum, Council  No.  1451,  of  Moscow.  He  is  allied  with 
the  Republicans  in  political  questions  and  is  a  strong 
advocate  of  good  schools  and  better  roads  and  always 
labors  for  progress  in  general. 


JACOB   HAEBERLE.  A    sturdy     son    of    the 

fatherland  who  is  now  one  of  the  most   substantial, 

intelligent,  progressive    and  well-to-do    citizens    and 

agriculturists  to    be    found  in    Nez    Perces    county 


is  the  subject  of  this  article  and  an  epitome  of 
the  salient  points  of  his  career  will  be  interesting 
reading. 

Jacob  Haeberle  was  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Ger- 
many, on  December  19,  1858,  being  the  son  of  John 
Jacob  and  Julia  M.  (Mueller)  Haeberle,  both  natives 
of  Goppingen,  in  Wurtemberg.  The  father  was  a 
farmer  and  butcher  and  was  a  sharpshooter  from  1846 
to  1852.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  June 
22,  1837,  was  married  in  1856  and  died  January  15, 
1885.  Her  father  was  a  butcher.  Jacob  w'as  raised  in 
Goppingen,  and  there  he  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  gaining  also  excellent  training  from  a  wise 
father,  both  in  farming  and  butchering.  When  twenty- 
two  he  had  a  butcher  shop  for  himself  and  did  a  good 
business,  buying  and  selling  stock.  In  1885  ne  came 
to  New  York  and  soon  returned  and  brought  his  family 
ovej.  settlement  being  made  in  Indiana.  In  1888  he 
migrated  to  Colfax,  Whitman  county,  and  there 
freighted.  It  was  1891  that  Mr.  Haeberle  moved  to 
Genesee,  where  he  spent  one  year  on  a  farm.  The 
next  year  he  rented  a  farm  in  Tammany  hollow,  near 
Lewiston,  and  in  the  spring  of  1896  came  to  the  reser- 
vation, took  a  quarter  section  and  improved  it  in  fine 
shape.  On  August  I,  1902,  Mr.  Haeberle  sold  this 
farm  to  an  Iowa  homeseeker,  H.  M.  Flueharty,  and 
bought  where  he  now  lives,  three  miles  northeast  from 
Gifford.  He  owns  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  acres 
and  rents  seven  hundred  from  the  Indians.  He  raises 
flax  and  the  cereals  on  this  fine  estate  and  is  doing  well. 
Mr.  Haeberle  has  one  brother,  Otto,  who  is  his  partner 
in  renting  land. 

In  Goppingen  on  November  23,  1880,  Mr. 
Haeberle  married  Miss  Paulina,  daughter  of  George 
and  Katrina  (Weidler)  Kraft.  Her  father  was  a  rail- 
road watchman  for  twenty-eight  years.  Mrs.  Haeberle 
was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Goppingen  and  has  two 
brothers,  William,  a  preacher  in  the  Christian  church ; 
Christian,  a  first  class  mechanic  in  Germany.  Six  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  happy  household,  Rose, 
wife  of  John  Nestlen,  a  farmer  near  Rosetta ;  Mary, 
Charles,  Kate,  Otto,  and  Bertha.  Mr.  Haeberle  is 
independent  in  politics  and  is  always  allied  on  the  side 
of  progression.  He  is  a  skillful  operator  in  farming 
and  a  keen  and  far  seeing  business  man,  whose  labors 
and  wisdom  have  accumulated  a  fine  holding  for  him. 


PETER  BOOK  is  a  prominent  citizen  of  Xez 
Perces  county,  being  a  thrifty  and  prosperous  farmer, 
a  skillful  contractor  and  builder,  and  a  man  of  reli- 
ability and  talent,  withal  a  fine  neighbor  and  upright 
and  genial. 

Peter  Book  was  born  in  Germany  on  December 
25-  1852,  being  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Bertha  Book, 
both  natives  of  the  fatherland.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated and  reared  in  his  native  place  and  when  the 
budding  years  of  his  majority  arrived,  he  determined 
to  try  his  fortune  in  the  resourceful  land  of  the  free, 
and  accordingly  came  hither.  He  spent  a  few  years 
in  New  York  city,  following  his  trade,  bricklaying. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  perfecting  himself  in  the  builder's  art.  Then  he 
came  to  Mandan,  North  Dakota,  and  there  operated 
a  hay  farm  with  his  brother  for  two  years. 
His '  "brother  was  killed  by  a  neighbor  in  a 
dispute  over  some  hay  and  then  Mr.  Book 
went  to  Medora,  and  there  operated  a  brick  yard  for 
two  years.  Thence  he  repaired  to  Rapid  City,  South 
Dakota,  and  ran  a  brick  yard  and  did  building  for 
a  number  of  years  and  in  the  'nineties  he  came  to  Lewis- 
ton,  his  family  remaining  at  Red  Wing,  Minnesota,  the 
old  home  of '  his  wife.  In  1898  they  filed  on  their 

E  resent  place,  two  and  one-half  miles  southwest  from 
.ookout,  and"  the  family  came  on.  He  has  improved 
the  place  in  fine  shape  and  is  raising  fine  crops.  In 
addition  to  this  enterprise,  Mr.  Book  is  doing  much 
building  and  contract  work  in  the  cities  adjacent.  Mr. 
Book  has  three  brothers,  one  sister,  and  two  half- 
sisters,  all  in  Germany. 

At  Red  Wing,  Minnesota,  on  November  19,  1882, 
Mr.  Book  married  Miss  Minnie  C,  daughter  of  Will- 
iam and  Louisa  (Hempling)  Ritchlag,  natives  of 
Germany,  married  in  New  York  city,  where  they  lived 
for  a  few  years  and  then  came  to  Red  Wing,  where 
the  father  "is  running  a  blacksmith  shop.  Mrs.  Book 
was  born  in  Red  Wing,  on  March  13,  1858.  She  has 
two  brothers  and  one  sister,  Fred,  a  saloon  man  in  Red 
Wing :  William,  running  a  pottery  there ;  Rose,  single 
and  living  with  her  parents.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  this  happy  family,  Lucy,  born  September  20, 
1883,  at  Mandan,  North  Dakota ;  Jacob  P.,  born  No- 
vember 17,  1885,  at  Mandan.  Both  are  with  their 
parents. 


JAMES  SHAW.  A  man  of  stanch  Republican 
principles,  thrifty  and  industrious  as  a  farmer,  keen 
and  careful  in  his  business  matters,  possessed  of  in- 
tegrity and  uprightness  and  careful  to  meet  all  obli- 
gations in  a  prompt  manner,  the  subject  has  displayed 
fitness  to  be  classed  as  one  of  the  benefactors  of  his 
county  and  as  one  of  the  leading  citizens,  having 
achieved  a  good  success  and  maintained  a  first  class 
standing  among  his  fellows. 

James  Shaw  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  on  October 
9,  1855,  being  the  son  of  jerry  and  Cynthia  (Cart- 
wright)  Shaw,  natives  of  New  York.  They  were 
married  in  New  York  and  came  to  Wisconsin  and  there 
farmed.  In  1862  the  family  removed  to  Minnesota, 
where  James  grew  up  and  was  educated  in  the  district 
schools,  remaining  at  home  until  he  was  twenty.  Then 
he  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  Dakota,  and  there  pros- 
pected and  mined  for  two  years  and  then  made  his  way 
to  the  Northern  Pacific,  where  he  labored  for  two  years. 
In  1884  he  came  to  Walla  Walla.  Here  he  labored  on 
the  ranches  for  two  years  more  and  then  repaired  to 
the  Palouse  county  where  he  operated  a  meat  shop 
in  Colton  until  1895.  1893-94  broke  his  business  and 
he  left  that  country  with  over  six  thousand  dollars  on 
his  books.  He  came  to  the  reservation  upon  its  opening 
and  located  his  present  home  place,  about  one  mile 
south  of  Rosetta,  where  he  settled.  Mr.  Shaw  com- 


menced the  battle  here  without  capital  and  he  has  made 
a  truly  commendable  showing.  He  has  now  one  hun- 
dred and  ten  acres  of  fine  crops.  Flax,  seventy  acres, 
and  the  cereals,  vegetables  and  fruit  the  balance.  Mr. 
Shaw  has  one  brother,  Milford,  in  Minnesota,  and  three 
sisters,  Edwina,  Emma,  Ida. 

On  February  19,  1889,  at  Colton,  Washington,  Mr. 
Shaw  married  "Miss  Clara' B.  Harrington,  a  native  of  . 
California.  She  has  one  brother  and  four  sisters, 
Arthur,  a  farmer,  Viola,  single,  Myrtle,  wife  of  Mr. 
Holton,  a  railroad  man ;  Ruth,  wife  of  Charles  Swain, 
Susan,  wife  of  Riley  Holden,  all  residing  in  the  Grande 
Ronde  valley. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shaw  have  three  children,  Frank, 
Ruth  and  Betta. 


JOHN  W.  HpBSON.  This  substantial  and  suc- 
cessful agriculturist  is  living  about  one  mile  southeast 
from  Gifford,  where  he  has  a  good  estate  of  one  quar- 
ter section  that  he  gained  title  to  through  the  home- 
stead right  and  from  the  wild  and  unbroken  sod 
he  has  made  it  a  fertile  and  valuable  farm.  He  raises 
much  grain,  has  thirty-five  acres  of  timothy,  three 
acres  of  orchard,  which  he  is  increasing  to  fifteen,  and 
other  crops  in  proportion. 

John  W.  Hobson  was  born  in  Nevada  county,  Ar- 
kansas, on  December  3,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Na- 
thaniel P.  and  Eliza  (May)  Hobson.  The  father  was 
born  in  New  York  of  parents  who  had  come  thither 
from  England  and  Ireland.  He  was  a  fanner  and 
blacksmith  and  migrated  to  Alabama,  thence  to  Mis- 
sissippi, thence  to  Arkansas  and  finally  to  Texas,  where 
he  lived  fourteen  years  and  then  died  aged  fifty-six. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
was  married  in  Alabama  and  is  now  living  in  Texas. 
John  W.  was  reared  in  Texas  and  educated  in  the  dis- 
trict school.  When  eighteen,  he  went  to  Los  Angeles, 
California,  and  thence  to  every  portion  of  the  state.  He 
lipped  on  a  whaler  and  sailed  nine  months  in  the  Beh- 
ng  and  Okhotsk  seas,  then  was  three  years  in  Cali- 
jrnia,  and  about  1890  he  came  to  Idaho.  He  rented 
nd  near  Moscow  for  four  years  and  then  came  to 
he  reservation  and  worked  for  H.  Beeman.  On  No- 
ember  20,  two  days  after  the  reservation  opened,  Mr. 
Hobson  filed  on  his  present  place.  He  has  three 
brothers  and  two  sisters,  Robert  N./Tillman  Y.,  and 
Nathaniel  E.,  all  farmers  and  stockmen  in  Texas; 
Martha  M.,  wife  of  R.  J.  Powell,  who  operates  a  grist 
mill  and  cotton  gin  in  Texas ;  Sophia  E.,  wife  of  Frank 
Swopes,  a  farmer  in  Texas.  On  May  21,  1896,  Mr. 
Hobson  married  Miss  Lillie  A.,  daughter  of  James  A. 
and  Mary  (Barnard)  Wilcox,  natives  of  Missouri. 
Mrs.  Hobson  was  born  in  February,  1879,  she  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister,  James,  a  farmer  in  Missouri; 
Mrs.  Henry  Rogers,  in  Melrose.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hob- 
son  are  members  of  the  Chrisitan  church  and  he  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Melrose  Camp.  He  is  a 
Democrat  and  a  Prohibitionist  in  political  matters. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  gladden  the  home: 
Winnie  M.,  Mary  Ethel  and  Gracie  Aranda. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


IRA  SMALL.  Noting  the  details  of  our  subject's 
personal  history,  we  see  that  Ira  Small  was  born  in 
Ludlow,  Maine,  on  October  28,  1848,  being  the  son  of 
Daniel  and  Louisa  (Monroe)  Small.  The  father  was 
born  in  New  Brunswick  in  1812  and  died  in  1872.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  New  Brunswick 
and  died  in  1874. 

On  June  10,  1884,  Mr.  Small  married  Miss  Alice, 
daughter  of  P.  B.  and  Alice  E.  (Abbott)  Chamberland, 
natives  of  Vermont  and  Canada,  respectively.  Mrs. 
Small  has  two  sisters,  Felicia  H.,  wife  of  Dr.  A.  T. 
Willis,  in  Walla  Walla;  Marietta,  in  Portland.  Mr. 
Small  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  David  W., 
in  Alaska ;  Mary,  deceased ;  Albert,  in  Lewiston ;  Lot- 
tie E.  Sanborn,  in  Montana ;  Sarah  Potter,  in  Montana ; 
Inez  Colby,  in  Lewiston.  The  following  children  have 
been  born  to  this  worthy  couple :  Mary,  Roy,  Ray,  Fern, 
all  at  home. 


WILLIAM  MUSTOE.  One  mile  south  from  the 
rustic  village  of  Melrose  lies  the  beautiful  estate  of 
William  Mustoe.  Acquired  by  the  homestead  right 
in  the  very  latter  part  of  the  last  century,  Mr.  Mustoe 
has  shown  exceptional  skill  and  industry  to  have  it  so 
well  improved  as  it  is.  He  has  a  modern  residence  of 
nine  rooms,  a  large  barn,  good  outbuildings  and  other 
improvements  to  match  and  altogether  it  is  one  of  the 
best  places  in  the  community. 

William  Mustoe  was  born  in  Scotland  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  March  21,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and 
Martha  (Heuett)  Mustoe,  natives  of  Virginia,  and 
born  in  1834  and  1836,  respectively.  They  both  live  in 
Nez  Perces  county  on  a  farm.  The  father  was  a  pio- 
neer to  Missouri  and  a  freighter  of  note  there  in  those 
early  times.  The  mother's  father,  Hiram  Heuett,  was  a 
captain  in  the  Civil  war  and  died  in  the  army.  He  was 
a  prominent  public  man.  Her  mother  is  still  living, 
over  eighty  years  of  age.  In  1868  the  family  of  our 
subject's  father  came  to  Adair  county,  Missouri,  and 
there  William  grew  up  and  was  educated.  When 
twenty-one  he  went  for  himself,  clerked  in  a  store, 
farmed  and  operated  a  creamery,  but  all  the  time, 
made  his  home  on  the  farm.  In  February,  1893,  he 
sold  out  in  Missouri  and  came  to  Tekoa,  Washington. 
One  year  there  and  he  went  to  southern  Idaho.  One 
year  after  he  was  in  Farmington,  and  later  worked  a 
year  in  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  at  Wardner.  It 
was  in  1897  that  Mr.  Mustoe  came  to  the  reservation 
and  took  his  present  place.  Since  then  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  its  improvement  and  to  raising  stock  and 

On&Tanuary  7,^887,  in  Kirksville.  Missouri,  Mr. 
Mustoe  married  Miss  Fannie,  daughter  of  Robert  H. 
and  Jennie  (Hill)  Stephens.  Mr.  Stephens  was  born 
in  Kentucky  in  1817  and  died  in  April,  1900,  having 
been  a  pioneer  in  Missouri.  Mrs.  Stephens  was  born  in 
Missouri,  in  1837  and  still  lives  in  that  state.  Mrs. 
Mustoe  was  born  in  Randolph  county,  Missouri,  on 
August  4.  1868,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Richard,  Thomas  J.  and  Robert  F.,  Emma 
Dodson,  James  G.,  William  A.,  Charlie,  deceased ;  Ida, 


deceased;  Elenta  Starr  and  Eva  Patton.  Mr.  Mustoe 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters  :  Loreta  M.  Page, 
Dora  B.  Wilson,  Benjamin  F.,  deceased;  Sarah  J.,  de- 
ceased; and  Albert.  The  children  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Mustoe  are  named  below,  Aubry  F.,  Nellie  M., 
Ray  A.,  and  Robert  H.  Mr.  Mustoe  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.  at  Melrose  and  he  and  his  wife  are  devout 
members  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr.  Mustoe  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace  but  he  would  not  qualify, 
although  he  is  always  active  in  the  political  questions 
of  the  day  and  is  an  intelligent  Democrat.  In  school 
matters,  especially,  Mr.  Mustoe  is  an  ardent  laborer 
for  betterment  in  all  its  lines  and  has  served  much  on 
the  board. 


J.  SHANNON  HOGUE.  A  successful  business 
career  on  the  Nez  Perces  Indian  reservation,  and  a 
mover  in  all  lines  of  improvement,  a  leading  farmer 
and  stockman  at  the  present  time,  entitle  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  to  a  place  in  the  annals  of  his  county. 
Mr.  Hogue  was  born  in  Macon  county,  Missouri,  on 
August  6,  1851,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Sarah  A. 
(Culter)  Hogue,  natives  of  Pulaski  county,  Kentucky. 
The  father  was  born  in  1819  and  was  a  successful 
farmer  and  stockman.  He  died  in  August,  1859,  pos- 
sessed of  five  hundred  acres  of  fine  soil  in  Macon  coun- 
ty, Missouri.  The  mother  was  born  on  August  2, 
1826,  came  with  her  parents  to  Missouri  in  1838,  mar- 
ried in  1844,  and  died  in  November,  1900.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  and  educated  in  Macon  county  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-six,  be- 
ing then  married.  When  eighteen  he  received  one 
hundred  acres  of  land  as  an  inheritance  and  added 
seventy-five  acres  more,  which  he  farmed  and  also  did 
a  lumber  business  until  his  health  broke  down  and  he 
came  to  Moscow,  on  April  15,  1892.  He  took  fire  in- 
surance and  real  estate  until  1894  and  then  obtained 
from  the  government  license  to  establish  a  trading  post 
on  the  Nez  Perces  reservation  and  on  June  22,  1894,  he 
moved  his  family  thither,  settling  on  the  north  fork 
of  the  Clearwater.  He  opened  a  store  and  supply  house 
for  the  Weippe  country  and  the  Pierce  mining  district, 
continuing  in  the  same  until  1898.  When  first  there 
he  traveled  twenty-three  miles  to  Southwick  for  mail 
but  soon  had  the  postoffke  of  Gilbert  started  with  him- 
self for  postmaster.  At  the  opening  of  the  reservation 
he  secured  his  present  place,  four  miles  south  from  Oro- 
ino  and  he  is  now  handling  a  half  section  to  general 
:rops  while  also  he  raises  Shorthorn  cattle  and  Berk- 
shire hogs.  He  is  prosperous  and  a  leading  citizen  of 

On  April  10,  1876,  Mr.  Hogue  married  Miss  Nanie 
A.,  daughter  of  Samuel  C.  and  Sarah  A.  (  Blackwell) 
Hamilton.  Mr.  Hamilton  was  born  on  January  7, 
1820,  in  Wayne  county,  Kentucky  and  died  April  II, 
890,  having  been  a  successful  business  man  and  promi- 
icnt  in  politics.  The  mother  was  born  June  15,  1825, 
named  February  20,  1845.  ancl  cuecl  m  Moscow.  Au- 
just  13,  1892.  Mrs.  Hogue  was  born  in  Macon  county 
and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  William  J., 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


James  H.,  Sidney  F.,  Charles  L.,  Samuel  C.  R.,  de- 
ceased, Bessie  Branscombe,  Robert  E.,  deceased.  Air. 
Hogue  has  two  sisters,  Susan  E.  Davis,  Annie  Par- 
cells,  and  one  brother,  Harlen  M.  Three  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hogue,  Gilbert  H.,  born 
February  23,  1877,  and  now  a  civil  engineer  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  government;  Wilbur  W.,  deceased  at  the 
age  of  eighteen ;  John  F.,  born  August  23,  1884.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hogue  are  members  of  the  Christian  church 
and  are  estimable  people.  He  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace  for  a  long  time  and  was  appointed  probate  judge 
by  the  state  of  Idaho  for  Clearwater  county,  which 
was  formed  on  April  6,  1901,  but  which  was  declared 
illegal  by  the  supreme  court  three  months  later. 


JAMES  R.  SCOTT.  A  reliable  and  enterprising 
stockman  and  farmer,  personally  a  man  of  integrity 
and  worth  of  character,  the  subject  of  this  article  is 
one  of  those  who  deserve  representation  in  this  his- 
tory and  we  accord  him  such  with  pleasure. 

James  R.  Scott  was  born  in  Tuscarawas  county, 
Ohio,  on  March  11,  1873,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  and 
Mary  A.  (Shaffer)  Scott.  When  James  was  six,  the 
family  removed  to  Sullivan  county,  Missouri,  and 
farmed  and  raised  stock.  Four  years  later  they  went 
to  the  Rogue  river  country  in  Oregon  and  there  fol- 
lowed the  same  occupation  for  six  years.  The  next 
move  was  to  the  vicinity  of  Palouse,  where  they  settled 
in  Latah  county.  In  these  various  places,  our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  learned  well 
to  meet  the  questions  of  life.  For  five  years  he  was  in 
the  employ  of  Washington  Wolheter,  in  Latah  county, 
and  owned  a  half  interest  in  a  second  hand  and  new 
goods  store  in  Palouse.  In  1901  he  came  to  the  reser- 
vation portion  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  rented 
a  section  of  land  three  miles  east  from  Melrose.  He  is 
associated  with  his  brother  in  this  labor  and  together 
they  are  doing  a  fine  work.  They  have  paid  considera- 
ble attention  to  raising  stock,  heretofore,  but  at  this 
present  writing  they  are  devoting  their  energies  most- 
ly to  producing  the  cereals  and  large  crops  of  flax. 
Mr.  Scott  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sis 
ters:  Joseph,  Charles,  John  W.,  Maggie,  Susie,  Nora, 
Alonzo,  Clyde,  Maude,  Ida  and  Jesse.  Fraternally 
Mr.  Scott  is  affiliated  with  the  W.  W.  and  the  auxil- 
iary circle  of  the  same  order,  while  in  political  matters 
he  is  liberal,  reserving  for  his  own  decision  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day,  regardless  of  the  tenets  of  different 
parties.  He  is  a  reliable  young  man  of  energy  and 
push  and  his  characteristic  wisdom  with  this  combi- 
nation assures  him  unbounded  success  in  his  labors. 


LEN  L.  BROWER  lives  about  one  mile  east  from 
Rosetta,  where  he  has  a  farm  and  devotes  his  atten- 
tion to  its  cultivation  and  improvement.  He  was  born 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  on  June  27,  1858,  being  the  son  of 
Reuben  L.  and  Olive  (Stroud)  Brower.  The  father 
was  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  in  1836  and  died  in  1887, 
at  Harney,  Oregon,  while  on  his  way  to  visit  our  sub- 


ject. He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war,  serving  eight- 
een months  in  the  Twelfth  Indiana  Infantry.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1837,  and 
died  in  Nebraska,  on  April  i,  1877,  being  shot  by  ac- 
cident. She  was  married  in  Ohio,  in  1857.  Len  L. 
was  reared  in  Indiana,  Michigan  and  Nebraska  and 
for  fifteen  years  was  buck.ayro  and  has  traveled  in 
thirty-three  states.  Soon  after  his  mother's  death  he 
came  west,  bringing  his  father,  grandmother,  and  two 
sisters.  The  father  settled  on  a  claim  on  North  Pow- 
der, but  died  before  he  proved  up  on  it.  Len  L.  worked 
at  various  callings,  sometimes  logging  and  hauling 
ore  and  spent  eight  years  near  Spokane,  Cheney 
and  Rockford.  He  has  no  brothers  and  three  sisters, 
Sarah  A.,  Ida  L.,  wife  of  John  Marrs,  at  Union,  Ore- 
gen  ;  Elnora,  married  and  living  at  Portland. 

On  October  16,  1879,  Mr.  Brower  married  Miss 
Emma  Marrs,  at  Lagrande,  Oregon.  She  is  the  daugh- 
ter of  William  H.  and  Martha  (Vaughn)  Marrs,  na- 
tives of  Tennessee.  The  father  is  dead  and  the  mother 
lives  in  Harney  valley,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Brower  has  four 
brothers  and  four  sisters,  William,  in  Wyoming ;  John, 
in  Oregon ;  Manvil  A.,  in  Harney  county,  Oregon ; 
Dock,  at  Boise,  Idaho ;  Laura ;  Mary,  widow  of  Rich- 
ard Nelson,  in  Montana ;  Ida,  wife  of  Joseph  Kessler, 
a  miner  in  Harney  county,  Oregon ;  Gallic,  wife  of  Mr. 
Benson,  in  Harney  county,  Oregon.  Four  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brower,  Reuben, 
George,  Mary  and  Earl  L.,  all  at  home.  Mrs.  Brower 
has  a  daughter  by  her  former  husband,  Martha,  and 
she  is  the  wife  of  Matt  Mortimore  and  living  at  Ro- 
setta. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brower  are  members  of  the  United 
Brethren  church  and  in  political  matters,  he  is  a  Pro- 
hibitionist. They  are  upright  people  and  are  respected 
by  all. 


JOHN  B.  DAVIS.  A  thrifty  and  industrious 
farmer,  a  capable  and  keen  business  man,  a  patriotic 
citizen  and  a  warm  advocate  of  general  improvement 
and  progress,  the  subject  of  this  article  is  eminently 
entitled  to  representation  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

John  B.  Davis  was  born  in  Warren  county,  In- 
diana, on  April  15,  1860.  His  parents,  Dorse  and  Mary 
F.  (Breuster)  Davis,  were  natives  respectively  of 
Kentucky  and  Tennessee.,  The  father  was  born  in 
1826  and  in  1856  went  to  Arkansas,  whence  three  years 
later  to  Indiana  and  there  farmed  until  his  death  in 
1867.  The  mother  was  born  in  1830 ;  her  parents  were 
pioneers  in  Indiana  and  her  father  operated  a  general 
merchandise  store  together  with  a  farm.  She  had 
three  brothers  in  the  Civil  war.  Our  subject  was 
reared  and  grew  to  manhood  in  Indiana,  remaining  with 
his  parents  until  he  was  fourteen.  Like  all  the  hardy 
and  energetic  pioneers,  he  traveled  all  over  the  middle 
west,  and  the  northwestern  country.  Finally,  in  1883, 
he  settled  down  near  Waitsburg  and  farmed  until 

).  Then  Mr.  Davis  sold  out  and  bought  a  farm 
twelve  miles  northeast  from  Colfax.  At  the  opening 
of  the  reservation  he  came  hither  and  secured  his  pres- 
•nt  place,  which  adjoins  Mohler.  He  was  among  the 


GEORGE  W.  STELLMON. 


JOEL  D.  MARTIN. 


MRS.  MARTIN  L.  GOLDSMITH.  MARTIN  L.  GOLDSMITH  WILLIAM  B.  MARTIN. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


very  first  to  locate  and  moved  the  family  there  the 
next  summer.  He  owns  a  quarter  section  and  farms 
two  hundred  and  thirty  acres.  Mr.  Davis  follows  the 
diversified  plan  of  farming  and  also  raises  fine  Poland 
China  hogs.  He  built  the  hotel  in  Mohler,  ran  it  for 
one  year  then  rented  and  later  sold  it. 

On  October  28,  1885,  Mr.  Davis  married  Miss  Mary 
C.  Pollard,  whose  parents  reside  near  Walla  Walla. 
She  was  born  on  February  7,  1867,  and  has  the  follow- 
ing named  brothers  and  sisters,  Melissa  A.,  Oliver, 
Etta,  Minnie,  Frank,  Robert,  Roy,  four  deceased, 
John  B.,  Betty,  Ella  and  Delia.  Mr.  Davis  has  four 
brothers  and  one  sister.  Jasper,  deceased,  Newton, 
Frank  M.,  Phillip,  Mary  Summons.  The  children  of 
the  household  are  two,  George  A.,  born  September  19, 
1886;  Floyd  E.,  born  January  3,  1895.  Mr.  Davis  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  W'.,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  Rebekahs. 
Politically  he  walks  with  the  Republicans,  although  he 
is  an  independent  thinker. 


GEORGE  W.  STELLMON.  A  prominent  and 
skillful  farmer  and  stockman,  a  keen,  practical,  busi- 

an  upright  man  of  integrity  and  good  walk,  these 
things  with  many  others  that  we  could  mention  en- 
title the  subject  of  this  article  to  representation  in  the 
volume  of  his  county  s  history. 

George  W.  Stellmon  was  born  near  Greenville, 
Greene  county,  Tennessee,  on  July  16,  1864,  being  the 
son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  (Brooks)  Stellmon,  na- 
tives of  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  respectively. 
The  father  was  born  in  1835,  and  is  now  living  in 
Arkansas.  He  has  always  been  a  prominent  citizen. 
The  mother  died  in  1880.  Her  father  and  grandfather 
were  among  the  very  first  settlers  in  eastern  Tennessee. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm  until  1878  in  his 
native  place  and  then  the  family  went  to  Benton 
county,  Arkansas,  that  being  new  then.  He  received 
his  education  in  these  places  and  when  twenty,  deter- 
mined to  try  the  west,  was  soon  in  Colfax.  He  worked 
on  a  farm  for  a  year  and  then  went  to  Pullman  and 
later  to  Genesee.  Later  he  rented  land  and  also  took  up 
forty  acres.  He  farmed  here  for  five  years  and  then 
went  to  the  Potlatch  country  near  Juliaetta  and  bought 
a  ranch.  This  was  the  home  for  six  years  and  in 
1896  he  came  to  his  present  place,  one  mile  north 
and  one  mile  east  from  Dublin.  He  took  a  quarter  sec- 
tion of  good  land,  later  bought  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres  more  and  is  now  one  of  the  heavy  land  owners 
of  the  reservation.  He  leases  his  land  and  is  moving 
his  family  to  Clarkston,  where  they  will  remain  until 
the  children  are  educated.  In  addition  to  this  mam- 
moth estate,  all  of  which  is  under  cultivation,  Mr.  Stell- 
mon has  leased  over  ten  thousand  acres  of  state  land 
in  Douglas  county  and  is  stocking  it  as  he  purchases 
cattle  for  shipping.  He  does  a  good  business  in  buy- 
ing and  selling  cattle  and  intends  to  handle  a  large 
ranch.  He  has  a  commodious  home  and  excellent 
improvements  and  his  is  one  of  the  best  estates  in  the 
county. 


In  Arkansas  on  April  15,  1883,  Mr.  Stellmon  mar- 
ried Miss  Delia,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Ingle) 
Brock.  The  father  was  killed  by  lightning  when  his 
daughter  was  young,  but  the  mother  is  still  living 
near  Clarkston,  Washington.  Mrs.  Stellmon  was  born 
in  Benton  county,  Arkansas,  in  1868,  and  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister,  John,  in  Indian  Territory; 
Anna  Allard  at  Clarkston.  Mr.  Stellmon  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters :  Delia  Hughes,  John, 
Charles,  Andrew,  Melvin,  William,  all  in  Nez  Perces 
county  but  the  last,  who  is  in  Arkansas.  The  follow- 
ing children  have  been  born  to  this  worthy  couple : 
Pearl  E.,  Annie  L.,  Mary,  Cora,  Neva,  Ralph,  Grace, 
Roy,  Eula,  Lottie  and  Lucile.  Mr.  Stellmon  is  a  Re- 
publican, and  is  always  in  the  lead  in  any  enterprise  for 
the  advancement  of  the  community.  He  has  been 
school  director  for  some  time. 


JOEL  D.  MARTIN.  We  esteem  it  a  privilege  to 
recount  the  items  in  this  worthy  pioneer's  interest- 
ing career,  since  he  has  been  intimately  connected 
with  this  country  for  many  years,  is  well  posted  in 
reference  to  the  early  history,  has  labored  here  for 
many  years  to  build  up  and  develop,  is  a  man  above 
reproach,  and  withal  is  a  prominent  and  worthy 
citizen. 

Joel  D.  Martin  was  born  in  Yates  county,  New 
York,  on  May  9,  1823,  being  the  son  of  Garrett  and 
Laura  (Clark)  Martin.  The  father,  born  in  New 
Jersey  in  1802,  is  now  dead.  The  mother  was  a 
native  of  Yates  county,  New  York,  and  she  too  is  de- 
ceased. Our  subject  remained  in  New  York  until 
1847.  He  was  educated  in  Penn  Yan  Academy.  When 
the  gold  excitement  broke  out  in  California,  the  stir- 
ring spirit  of  Joel  D.  was  ready  for  action  and  he  at 
once  bought  a  ticket  from  New  York  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, via  Panama.  Aside  from  a  little  foray  on  Pan- 
ama with  the  natives  the  trip  was  accomplished  with 
no  special  incident  and  on  June  20,  1850,  he  passed 
within  the  Golden  Gate.  At  once  he  made  his  way 
to  the  mines  on  south  Feather  river  and  as  they  were 
poor,  he  did  not  do  well,  and  joined  a  party  who 
bought  a  whaling  vessel  and  journeyed  up  the  coast, 
giving  their  attention  to  hunting.  In  the  following 
year  he  returned  to  mining  on  the  middle  Feather 
river  and  there  success  crowned  his  industry.  At 
the  end  of  1852,  he  engaged  for  some  years  in  other 
business  and  later  returned  to  the  Timbuctoo  and 
worked  for  a  time.  In  1857,  at  an  expense  of  three 
thousand  dollars,  he  had  made  the  trip  to  New  York 
and  had  bought  his  family  west.  Strange  are  the 
vicissitudes  of  life,  for  in  1862,  on  July  5,  Mr.  Mar- 
tin landed  in  Lewiston,  "flat  broke"  to  use  his  laconic 
phrase.  He  removed  to  Elk  City  and  went  to  clerk- 
ing for  Lloyd  Magruder  for  a  remuneration  of  six 
dollars  per  day. 

He  invested  in  mining  property  and  with  a  part- 
ner, David  A.  Butler,  took  out  as  high  as  eighteen 
hundred  dollars  per  week.  Those  -same  mines  are 
said  to  be  among  the  very  best  in  Elk  City  district 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


now.  At  the  end  of  four  years  he  returned  to  Lew- 
iston  and  took  up  the  fruit  business  in  which  he  did 
well.  Two  years  later  he  went  to  fanning  and  this 
has  occupied  him  continuously  since.  He  took  a 
ranch  in  1877,  and  now  owns  four  hundred  and  forty 
acres  nine  miles  southeast  from  Lewiston.  During 
the  Indian  trouble  of  1878,  Mr.  Martin  attended  to 
the  construction  of  defences  but  after  every  precau- 
tion was  taken,  the  Indians  did  not  show  themselves 
nor  attack  the  town,  doubtless  deeming  themselves 
safer  away  from  these  doughty  pioneers  prepared  to 
fight. 

It  is  of  note  that  in  1863-64,  when  the  awful 
Magruder  murder  was  committed,  Mr.  Martin  was 
in  Elk  City  and  was  one  of  the  party  that  found  the 
remains,  the  next  spring,  of  that  unfortunate  man, 
for  whose  death  five  men  were  hung  later. 

In  New  York,  in  1846,  Mr.  Martin  married  Miss 
Caroline,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  Stiles,  natives 
of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  Mrs. 
Martin  was  born  and  reared  in  New  York,  and  died  in 
1885,  in  Nez  Perces  county.  To  this  happy  union, 
there  were  born  three  children :  Mortimer  S.,  living  on 
Camas  Prairie ;  Olive  C,  wife  of  W.  P.  Hunt  in  Lew- 
iston ;  Helen  A.,  wife  of  C.  F.  Leland  and  she  died 
in  1901.  Mr.  Martin  had  six  sisters  and  two  broth- 
ers and  all  are  dead  but  two  named  below,  George  W., 
on  the  old  homestead  in  Yates  county,  New  York; 
Melville  M.,  in  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Martin  is  a  stanch 
Republican,  was  assessor  for  years  in  California  and 
deputy  for  two  years.  He  has  been  elected  justice 
of  the  peace  twice  and  appointed  twice  but  would  not 
qualify.  Mrs.  Martin  had  seven  sisters  and  four 
brothers.  Mr.  Martin  is  a  director  in  the  Pioneer 
Association  and  is  a  man  of  good  capabilities  and 
stands  exceptionally  well  in  the  county,  being  esteemed 
both  for  his  good  labors  and  his  own  worth. 


MARTIN  L.  GOLDSMITH.  It  will  surely  cre- 
ate a  feeling  of  pleasure  and  stir  to  admiration  the 
ones  who  read  the  items  of  the  career  of  M.  L.  Gold- 
smith, since  there  is  manifested  the  sterling  qualities 
of  faithfulness  to  friends,  determination  which  brings 
success  in  labors,  and  integrity  and  uprightness  which 
shine  forth  in  each  turn  of  his  walk. 

Martin  L.  Goldsmith  was  born  in  Sussex,  Eng- 
land, on  May  29,  1854,  being  the  son  of  George  and 
Jane  (Wenham)  Goldsmith.  He  was  educated  in  his 
native  land,  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  was  appren- 
ticed to  a  plumber  and  painter.  Not  being  pleased 
with  this  work,  after  six  months,  he  was  released  from 
that  and  given  a  position  with  a  gas  fitter,  where  he 
served  until  he  was  seventeen,  gaining  a  perfect  mas- 
tery of  his  craft.  When  sixteen,  he  joined  the  Eng- 


the  fourteenth  of  that  same  month,  he  embarked  for 
America,  having  earned  sufficient  monev  for  his  own 
way.  He  was  one  of  a  family  of  eight  boys  and  eight 
girls  and  earlv  learned  to  make  his  own  way.  On 


February  29,  1872,  the  youth  landed  in  New  York  and 
after  buying  a  ticket  for  himself  and  partner  to  Chi- 
cago, he  had  one  dollar  and  eighty  cents.  This  he 
divided  with  his  partner  and  they  spent  fifteen  cents 
before  they  got  to  Chicago.  Arriving  there  he  ex- 
perienced the  discomforts  of  a  heavy  snowstorm  in  a 
city  ruined  and  piled  with  the  debris  of  an  awful  fire. 
He  met  a  new  acquaintance  and  soon  had  a  job  in  a 
blacksmith  shop  at  nine  dollars  per  week.  The  board 
for  himself  and  partner  was  ten  dollars  per  week  and 
they  steadily  fell  behind  one  dollar  per  week  until  the 
partner  gained  work.  The  good  fortune  of  that  part- 
ner was  manifest  in  having  such  a  warm  friend  to 
rely  on  as  our  subject.  But  this  shows  forth  the  quali- 
ties of  which  we  spoke  and  this  unqualified  faithful- 
ness is  the  one  thing  above  all  others  that  has  wrought 
the  brilliant  success  of  Mr.  Goldsmith.  He  worked  on 
until  July  7,  and  then  went  to  gas  fitting,  which  was 
a  source 'of  fine  revenue  until  1875.  In  September  of 
that  year,  he  came  to  Oregon,  via  San  Francisco.  He 
opened  a  blacksmith  shop  in  Mohawk,  Oregon,  but 
was  sick  there  from  September,  1876.  until  the  mid- 
dle of  1877.  In  October  of  that  year  he  came  to  the 
Palouse  country  with  a  team,  landing  amid  a  blind- 
ing snowstorm,  on  November  24,  1877.  On  Decem- 
ber 19,  1877,  he  located  a  homestead  and  timber  cul- 
ture, five  miles  north  from  Lewiston.  For  twenty- 
five  years,  Mr.  Goldsmith  continued  in  patient  and 
successful  toil  on  this  place  and  still  owns  a  quarter 
section  there.  After  an  absence  of  twenty-eight  years, 
he  returned  to  London  to  visit  his  parents  who  still  live 
there,  and  about  that  time  he  sold  his  land  north  of 
Lewiston,  one  section  being  disposed  of  then,  for 
nineteen  thousand  dollars. 

Since  then,  Mr.  Goldsmith  has  gone  into  the  gen- 
eral merchandise  business,  being  located  now  at  Spald- 
ing,  where  he  is  doing  a  fine  business.  He  also  has 
nearly  one  thousand  sheep,  fifty  or  more  cattle  and  is 
a  partner  of  Mr.  Wann  in  the  ferry  business  at  Spald- 
ing.  Thus  it  is  seen  that  Mr.  Goldsmith  is  very  ac- 
tive in  business,  and  in  it  all  he  has  displayed  keen 
discrimination,  excellent  executive  force  and  a'n  energy 
and  continuity  that  have  well  merited  his  brilliant 

On  August  3,  1873,  Mr.  Goldsmith  married  Miss 
Margaret,  daughter  of  John  P.  Hall,  who  came  from 
England  in  1872.  Her  energy  and  faithfulness,  cou- 
pled with  good  business  ability,  have  won  for  her  the 
highest  esteem  of  womanhood  as  well  as  assisting  in 
the  financial  success  of  her  husband.  Her  parents 
have  four  children,  Alice  W.,  born  in  Chicago,  on 
July  23,  1875,  and  is  now  postmistress  in  Spakling; 
George,  born  in  Oregon,  on  April  6,  1878.  and  who 
was  killed  in  1890,  by  a  horse  falling  on  him ;  John, 
born  near  Lewiston  on  June  17,  1881,  married  to  Daisy 
Shaefer  in  1900,  and  now  in  the  sheep  business ;  Jane, 
born  near  Lewiston  on  October  30,  1883,  and  now  as- 
sisting her  father  in  the  store.  Mr.  Goldsmith  is  a 
Republican  and  active  in  all  the  campaigns  and  in- 
telligent in  the  issues  of  the  day.  He  is  a  Knight 
Templar  Mason  and  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  the  Pioneer  society,  while  Mrs.  Goldsmith  is  Past 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


193 


Grand  of  the  Rebekahs,  Union  Lodge,  No.  100.  In 
addition  to  all  his  other  property  he  has  holdings  in 
various  other  places  and  Mr.  Goldsmith  has  the  keen 
satisfaction  of  knowing  that  from  the  poor  youth  with 
less  than  a  dollar  in  his  pockets  amid  the  snow  of 
black  Chicago,  he  has  risen  to  his  present  commanding 
position  of  successful  merchant,  stockman  and  finan- 
cier, through  his  own  faithful  efforts  and  commenda- 
ble wisdom,  having  also  maintained  an  unsullied  rep- 
utation, and  is  today  high  in  the  esteem  of  all  who 
know  him,  being  a  man  of  integrity,  sound  principles 
and  intrinsic  worth. 


WILLIAM  B.  MARTIN.  This  well  known, 
prosperous  farmer  and  business  man  is  deserving  of 
a  representation  in  the  history  of  his  county  and  with 
pleasure  we  accord  him  such. 

William  B.  Martin  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  September  28,  1848,  being  the  son 
of  Annanias  C.  and  Margaret  (AlcCormick)  Martin, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania.  When  William  was  two 
years  old,  the  family  came  to  Henry  county,  Iowa, 
locating  near  Mount  Pleasant.  In  1853,  tney  went 
to  Illinois  and  returned  to  Iowa  in  1860.  William  was 
the  second  of  a  family  of  five  children.  A.  M.  Martin, 
living  near  Post  Falls ;  Frank  B.,  E.  M.,  and  Mrs.W. 
W.  Levis  are  still  living  near  McMinnville,  Oregon. 
In  1862,  they  all  came  across  the  plains  with  ox- 
teams,  joining  a  large  train  at  the  Platte.  The  jour- 
ney was  made  without  incident  out  of  the  ordinary 
and  they  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  McMinnville,  where 
the  father  bought  land  and  farmed.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools,  completing  in  the  high 
school.  There  on  October  2,  1870,  Mr.  Martin  married 
Miss  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Jesse  T.  and  Violet  (Ship- 
ley) Mulkins,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  They 
were  married  in  Indiana  and  came  to  Des  Moines 
county,  Iowa,  where  Mrs.  Martin  was  born  on  July 
24,  1847.  I"  1864,  they  made  the  weary  journey 
across  the  plains  to  Oregon,  locating  in  Yam  Hil! 
county.  In  1871,  they  came  to  Dayton,  Washington, 
and  in  1881,  they  removed  to  Spokane  Prairie,  where 
the  father  died  in  1885.  Mrs.  Martin  died  in  March, 
1902.  Our  subject  sold  his  farm  in  Oregon  in  1877 
and  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Dayton,  Washington,  In 
1882,  he  settled  near  Lewiston,  on  a  preemption, 
where  he  took  to  fruit  raising  and  dairying.  In 
October,  1896,  Mr.  Martin  came  to  the  reservation 
and  located  a  homestead,  where  he  now  lives,  four 
and  one-half  miles  south  from  Nezperce.  The  family 
came  to  this  place  in  the  spring  of  1897  and  it  has 
been  the  home  since.  The  farm  is  well  supplied  with 
first  class  improvements,  among  which  are  a  fine  seven 
room  house,  a  large  barn,  excellent  outbuildings,  or- 
chards, fences  and  so  forth.  Mr.  Martin  operates  a 
threshing  machine  and  is  also  president  of  the  Farmers 
Grain  Company,  limited,  which  has  been  incorporated 
usder  the  laws  of  Idaho.  They  have  warehouses  at 
Kamiah  and  a  wire  tramway  from  the  top  of  the  hill 
to  them;  they  also  own  other  property.  Mr.  Martin 


is  also  a  shareholder  in  the  telephone  line  from  Play- 
fair  to  Nezperce.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Martin,  Lester  L.,  aged  twenty-seven  and 
the  owner  of  a  homestead  joining  his  father's  farm; 
Fred  L.,  who  also  has  a  homestead  adjoining,  is 
twenty-two  years  old;  Walter  M.,  aged  nineteen. 


EDDY  H.  WATERS  is  a  substantial  farmer  and 
stockman  about  seven  miles  north  from  Xesperce  and 
although  he  has  not  been  here  so  long  as  some  he  has  a 
fine  farm  and  handles  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres 
to  general  crops  and  raises  fine  Berkshire  and  Poland 
China  hogs  and  some  cattle.  Mr.  Waters  has  had  con- 
siderable experience  in  the  ways  of  the  far  west  and 
Alaska  and  is  a  man  of  broad  views  and  progressive 
ideas.  He  was  born  in  Scott  county,  Iowa,  on  May 
21,  1862,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Sarah  J. 
(Goodrich)  Waters.  The  father  was  born  in  Illinois  in 
1832,  twelve  miles  east  from  St.  Louis.  His  parents 
were  pioneers  in  Illinois  and  his  father,  Israel  Waters, 
volunteered  from  Maine  for  the  war  of  1812  and  took 
part  in  the  battle  of  New  Orleans.  While  he  still  lived 
the  whole  family  went  to  Scott  county,  Iowa.  In 
1849  William  took  a  quarter  section  under  the  entry 
act  and  farmed  it  until  1874,  when  he  came  to  Wash- 
ington county,  Oregon,  and  there  died  on  October  7, 
1895.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio, 
in  1836,  the  daughter  of  Abijah  and  Hannah  Goodrich, 
pioneers  in  Iowa.  Her  father  took  land  in  Scott  county, 
Iowa,  in  1840,  married  in  1855,  and  lives  now  in  Forest 
Grove,  Oregon.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  in  For- 
est Grove  and  educated  in  Tualatin  Academy.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  worked  in  the  lumber  camps  then 
farmed  the  home  place  until  1891.  Following  this  he 
settled  three  miles  north  from  Hillsboro  for  two  years, 
then  returned  to  the  home  farm  until  the  Klondike 
fever  broke  out  and  he  then  crossed  Chilkoot  pass,  de- 
scended the  Yukon  to  Dawson,  mined  on  American 
creek  and  Gold  hill  and  in  the  spring  of  1898  he 
returned  by  way  of  St.  Michaels.  In  May,  1899,  he 
drove  overland  to  Nez  Perces  county,  bought  a  relin- 
quishment  of  his  present  place  and  filed  and  has  labored 
successfully  here  since. 

On  October  7,  1891,  Mr.  Waters  married  Miss 
Margaret  A.,  daughter  of  John  M.  and  Julia  A.  ( Se- 
bring)  Edwards.  John  M.  Edwards  was  born  in 
Bartholomew  county,  Indiana,  on  June  7,  1835,  the  son 
of  Jacob  and  Albina  B.  Edwards,  pioneers  of  Indiana, 
and  descendants  of  the  early  colonists.  The  grand- 
mother of  John  M.  was  a  direct  descendant  of  the  well- 
known  Morris  family  and  her  uncle,  Robert  Morris, 
was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  John 
M.  was  brought  up  in  Indiana,  when  twenty-one  he 
left  home  and  settled  in  Iowa  and  in  1855  went  to  Mis- 
souri. At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  war,  he  enlisted 
in  February,  1861,  in  the  Second  Regular  Cavalry  and 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Kirksville,  repelling  Marma- 
duke's  raid.  He  was  sergeant  and  secretary  of  his 
company  and  was  discharged  March  4,  1865.  He  is 
now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post  Xo.  6,  at  Forest 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Grove,  and  has  beenn  chaplain  for  four  years.  Mrs. 
Waters'  mother  was  born  August  8,  1842,  in  Stark 
county,  Ohio,  was  married  in  1866  and  now  lives  in 
Spokane.  Mrs.  Waters  was  born  in  Newton  county, 
Missouri,  on  January  9,  1869,  and  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,"  Mary  Thompson,  Joul  J.,  Alvia 
J.,  Florence  Bogart,  Charles,  Sylvia,  Benjamin  F., 
Julia  Ann.  Mrs.  Waters  was  educated  in  the  Salina 
Normal  and  has  been  a  successful  teacher  for  many 
years.  Mr.  Waters  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters, 
Frank  E.,  Eva  E.  Wilkes,  Ethel  A.  One  child  has  been 
born  to  them,  Wilfred  W.,  born  December  3,  1892. 
Mr.  Waters  is  a  member  of  the  Order  of  Artisans  and 
he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican  and  a  good  sub- 
stantial man. 


PHILIP  WYMAN.  A  typical  westerner  in  every 
respect  and  a  man  of  ability  and  honor,  whose  career 
has  been  packed  with  adventure  and  thrilling  incident 
that  would  in  itself  make  an  interesting  book,  and  who 
has  wrought  with  energy,  skill,  and  display  of  courage 
and  fortitude,  the  well  known  gentleman  mentioned 
above  is  well  entitled  to  representation  in  any  volume 
that  purports  to  chronicle  the  history  of  Nez  Perces 
county. 

Philip  Wyman  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1837.  His 
parents,  Philip  and  Louise  (Fisher)  Wyman,  were 
born  in  Germany  in  1812  and  1817,  respectively.  The 
mother  died  in  "1887.  The  father  was  a  confectioner 
and  came  to  St.  Louis  in  1845.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated there  and  also  during  his  minority  learned  the 
butcher  trade.  In  1861  he  crossed  the  plains  with  a 
drove  of  horses  numbering  eight  hundred,  and  re- 
mained in  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  for  several  years  fol- 
lowing his  trade.  Then  he  sold  out  and  went  to  San 
Francisco,  butchering  there  two  years,  after  which  he 
opened  a  butcher  shop  in  Portland,  remaining  there 
seventeen  years.  His  next  venture  was  to  drive  a 
large  herd  of  cattle,  sheep,  hogs  and  so  forth  to  the 
mines  in  Nez  Peces  and  Shoshone  counties  where  he 
did  a  fine  business  for  several  years.  He  went  to  the 
Salmon  river  and  opened  in  stock  raising  in  1885, 
which  he  sold  later.  •  He  has  a  farm  two  miles  west 
from  Morrow.  Mr.  Wyman  is  engaged  in  buying  and 
selling  ranches  in  different  sections,  and  is  also  devot- 
ing his  attention  to  buying  and  selling  stock  and  is  do- 
ine  a  prosperous  business.  He  has  one  brother  and 
one  sister,  Ludwig.  Louise.  Mr.  Wyman  is  a  Demo- 
crat from  principle  and  is  intelligent  in  the  issues  and 
questions  of  the  day.  By  way  of  reminiscence  we  de- 
sire to  mention  that  on  one  of  his  ranches  there  oc- 
curred the  hottest  battle  of  the  Bannock  war  and  he 
later  found  a  sword  and  a  couple  of  guns  that  are  now 
on  exhibition  in  one  of  the  Lewiston  banks.  He  was 
one  of  five  in  1862  that  pulled  a  boat  from  Portland 
clear  up  the  Columbia,  Snake  and  Salmon  to  Slate 
creek.  They  rowed  it  all  the  way  except  in  rapids  and 
in  one  case  they  had  to  tow  it  with  an  eighty  rod  rope. 
Nothing  but  Indians  were  to  be  found  in  the  country 


and  it  was  a  hazardous  undertaking.  Two  months  were 
consumed  in  the  trip.  At  one  time,  Mr.  Wyman 
packed  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  for  seventeen 
miles,  receiving  fifty  cents  per  pound.  He  is  intimately 
acquainted  with  all  the  early  pioneers  and  is  one  of  the 
well  known  men  all  through  central  Idaho.  He  has 
ever  displayed  a  courage  and  endurance  dominated 
with  keen  wisdom  and  foresight  that  have  given  him 
the  meed  of  success  and  no  man  in  the  whole  region 
mentioned  stands  better  in  the  hearts  of  those  who  know 
him  than  does  Mr.  Wyman. 


WILLIAM  CROW  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  February  4,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Jesse  and 
Eliza  E.  (Coleyj  Crow.  The  father  was  born  in  St. 
Charles  county,  Missouri,  on  February  15,  1822,  and 
on  January  18,  1899,  a  tree  fell  upon  him  accidentally, 
which  caused  his  death.  His  grandparents  came  from 
Germany.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  In- 
diana, on  February  4,  1834,  and  died  July  5,  1901.  Her 
father  was  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  1812!  William  was 
reared  in  Illinois,  spent  a  short  time  in  Missouri,  and 
in  1892  came  to  Milton,  Oregon,  where  he  rented  land 
for  a  time  and  then  came  and  took  a  claim  on  unsur- 
veyed  land.  Not  liking  it,  he  removed  to  his  present 
place,  five  miles  north  from  Culdesac,  where  he  took 
forty-five  acres  of  very  fertile  land.  He  has  devoted 
himself  to  its  culture  and  improvement  since  and  has  a 
good  place.  Mr.  Crow  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters.  Edgar  P.,  in  the  east ;  Thomas  J.,  a  railroad  man 
near  Boice ;  Robert  and  John,  near  Cavendish;  Annie, 
wife  of  Charles  Horn,  near  Cavendish  ;  Mary,  wife  of 
Gilbert  Bentley,  in  Lincoln  county,  Washington ;  Min- 
nie, wife  of  William  Rafferty,  near  Cavendish ;  Lulu, 
widow  of  Charles  Rice,  near  Reardon,  Washington. 

On  June  25,  1885,  in  Pike  county,  Illinois,  Mr. 
Crow  married  Miss  Kate,  daughter  of  John  and  Liz- 
zie Batz.  natives  of  Germany  and  immigrants  to  the 
United  States  in  1868.  They  settled  in  Pike  county  and 
that  is  still  their  home.  Mrs.  Crow  was  born  in  Ger- 
many on  February  16,  1862,  and  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  John,  with  his  parents  ;  Anna,  wife 
of  George  Frank;  Lizzie,  wife  of  Jeff  J.  Petty,  in 
Oklahoma.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Crow,  Harry  E.,  John  W.,  Bertran,  Everett, 
Ethel,  Robert  and  Oliver.  Mr.  Crow  is  independent  in 
politics,  reserving  for  himself  the  right  to  choose  the 
man.  He  is  a  thrifty,  industrious  man  and  one  of  that 
number  who  form  the  strength  and  boast  of  any  s: 
stantial  communitv. 


JOACKIAM  L.  DICKINSON.  When  the  reser- 
vation was  opened  for  the  settlement  of  white  people 
and  for  the  improvements  of  civilization,  the  subject 
of  this  article  was  one  of  the  first  to  avail  himself  of 
the  privilege  of  taking  a  homestead  and  accordingly 
four  and  one  half  miles  east  from  Melrose,  we  find  bin" 
living  now,  the  owner  of  a  good  farm,  where  he  dis- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


plays  thrift  and  industry  in  raising  both  the  fruits  of 
the  field  and  stock,  and  also  in  handling  a  fine  thresh- 
ing outfit  in  the  harvest  seasons  of  the  year. 

Joackiam  L.  Dickinson  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  Janu- 
ary 3.  1868,  being  the  son  of  Oren  and  Susan  (Larson) 
Dickinson.  The"  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Norway.  Our  subject  grew 
to  young  manhood  and  received  his  education  in  Iowa, 
studying  in  the  winters  and  assisting  his  father  in  the 
summers.  When  he  was  sixteen,  the  family  settled  in 
Whitman  county,  Washington,  and  gave  their  attention 
to  farming  and  raising  stock  for  six  years  when  anoth- 
er move  was  made,  this  time  transferring  their  resi- 
dence to  Latah  county,  Idaho.  There  they  lived  for 
about  seven  years,  or  until  the  opening  of  the  reser- 
vation, when  they  came  and  took  land,  our  subject  se- 
curing a  good  quarter,  as  described  above. 

In  1887,  Mr.  Dickinson  married  Miss  Etta  B. 
Michaels,  a  step-daughter  of  Mrs.  A.  A.  Anderson. 
Mrs.  Dickinson  was  born  in  Kansas,  in  1870,  and  has 
one  brother,  George  W.  Michaels.  Mr.  Dickinson  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters.  Rudolphus  S.,  Joac- 
quin,  Dormie  A.  Key,  May  Yarbrough.  Sophia  Wright, 
Alfred  and  Chester.  The  following  named  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dickinson,  Pearl.  May, 
Alto,  Loy,  and  Levi.  Mr.  Dickinson  is  a  Republican 
and  is  on  hand  at  the  caucuses  and  conventions  to  voice 
his  principles.  He  has  been  on  the  school  board  for 
the  past  twelve  years  and  is  a  wheel  horse  in  the 
labors  of  keeping  up  good  schools  and  in  the  improve- 
ment of  educational  facilities  in  general,  as  he  has  op- 
portunity. Mr.  Dickinson  is  a  man  of  integrity  and 
enterprise,  is  a  patriotic  citizen  and  the  recipient  of  the 
good  will  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 


OSCAR  ADDINGTON.  The  subject  of  this  arti- 
cle is  a  good  representative  of  that  class  of  men  who 
have  wrought  on  our  frontiers  with  assiduity  and  wis- 
dom and  have  made  the  abode  of  civilization  to  extend 
to  the  remotest  bounds  of  the  United  States.  At  the 
present  time  Mr.  Acldington  resides  two  and  one-half 
miles  northeast  from  Melrose  on  a  farm  which  he  se- 
cured by  homestead  right  and  which  he  has  made  from 
the  wilds  of  the  reservation. 

Oscar  Addington  was  born  in  Kansas,  on  July  13, 
1874,  being  the  son  of  Willis  G.  and  Melissa  M. 
(Jessup)  Addington.  The  father  was  born  in  Iowa  in 
1837,  served  in  the  Civil  war,  for  which  he  now  draws 
a  pension  of  $24.00  per  month.  He  was  a  pioneer  in 
Kansas  and  still  lives.  The  mother  was  born  in  1842 
and  still  survives.  When  Oscar  was  a  small  child  his 
parents  came  to  Dayton,  Washington,  and  there  took 
land  and  farmed  for  nine  years.  There  he  was  edu- 
cated and  assisted  his  father  in  the  farm  work.  Later 
they  all  removed  to  the  Big  Bend  country  and  farmed 
on  the  Columbia  for  nine  years,  then  came  to  the  reser- 
vation, where  the  father  and  our  subject  and  his 
brother  all  took  land  and  are  dwelling  on  it  at  the 
present  time. 

On   June  4,    1896,   Mr.   Addington  married   Miss 


Leva,  daughter  of  W.  W.  and  Mary  Crockett,  the  wed- 
ding occurring  in  Sprague,  Washington.  The  father 
is  a  native  of  Missouri  and  is  now  a  stockman  in  Wash- 
ington. Mrs.  Addington  was  born  in  Missouri  and  has 
one  brother  and  six  sisters,  Alice  Gentry,  Belle  Gentry, 
Cora  Buck,  Besie  Crockett,  Oren,  Dollie  and  Elsie. 
Mr.  Addington  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
Alice  Lewis,  Emma  Hammer,  Mina  Tavis,  Ruth  Den- 
ny and  Berton.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Addington,  Orville,  Mabel,  Percy.  Mr.  Ad- 
dington is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  Melrose  and 
his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr. 
Addington  is  a  good  farmer  and  in  addition  to  the  pro- 
duction of  the  fruits  of  the  field,  he  raises  cattle,  horses, 
and  hogs,  being  prosperous  in  his  labors. 


WILLIAM  R.  DIXON.  assistant  postmaster  at 
Morrow,  has  been  connected  with  Uncle  Sam's  mail 
department  in  one  way  or  another  for  seventeen  years 
and  has  always  proved  himself  to  be  a  trusted  and 
capable  man  in  these  various  capacities.  He  was  born 
in  Cedar  county,  Missouri,  on  September  10,  1850, 
being  the  son  of  William  and  Nancy  (Privett)  Dixon. 
The  father  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1832  and  died  in 
1882.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war,  being  in 
Company  C,  Eighth  Missouri  Cavalry,  under  Colonel 
J.  J.  Gravley  and  Captain  Conway.  He  was  discharged 
for  disability  after  a  year's  service  and  re-enlisted 
again  as  soon  as  he  was  able,  it  being  just  before  the 
close  of  the  war.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Tennessee  in  1825  and  is  still  living.  Her  parents 
were  of  Irish  extraction.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  and  grew  to  manhood  in  Missouri.  When 
of  age  he  left  the  home  circle  and  went  to  farming  for 
himseli.  In  1872,  he  went  to  Ft.  Scott,  Kansas,  and 
thence  to  Walla  Walla,  landing  in  the  latter  place  on 
August  18,  1873.  He  worked  on  a  farm  for  two  years 
and  then  drove  the  stage  from  Dayton  to  Walla  Walla 
for  four  years  and  then  from  Dayton  to  Lewiston  for 
the  same  period,  having  good  wages  all  the  time.  After 
this  long  service,  he  bought  a  farm  near  Pomeroy  and 
went  to  farming.  Three  years  later,  he  spent  a  few 
months  in  Lewiston  and  then,  in  1887,  took  his  pres- 
ent place,  just  outside  the  reservation.  Since  that  time 
he  has  paid  attention  to  the  farm  and  has  a  fine  place 
today,  having  everything  in  tip  top  order  and  thrift  is 
in  evidence  at  every  point.  Mr.  Dixon  has  handled  a 
road  house  for  stages  and  also  has  raised  considerable 
stock  in  addition  to  the  other  occupations  mentioned. 

On  September  24,  1876,  at  Waitsburg,  Washing- 
ton, Mr.  Dixon  married  Alice  C.  Rowan.  Her  father 
was  a  blacksmith.  Her  mother  was  born  in  Illinois, 
in  1826,  and  now  lives  in  Waitsburg.  Mrs.  Dixon 
was  born  in  Missouri,  on  October  2,  1854,  and  has 
one  brother  and  two  sisters,  Lucretia  Denny,  Lauena 
McHargue.  Joseph  R.  Cox.  Mr.  Dixon  has  two 
brothers,  Andrew,  on  the  Cottonwood.  and  Henry  M., 
in  Pomeroy,  Washington.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
this  union,'  Frankie  Evans,  living  south  of  Lewiston 
on  the  Snake  river.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dixon  are  devout 


196 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


members  of  the  Christian  church.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace 
at  the  last  election  but  refused  to  qualify.  Mr.  Dixon 
is  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  has  always  done 
much  for  the  advancement  of  school  interests.  Mr. 
Dixon  has  a  fine  eleven  room  house  and  good  barn 
and  his  place  is  a  model.  It  is  of  interest  as  a  remin- 
iscence that  in  1878,  when  he  was  on  the  stage  from 
Dayton  to  Lewiston,  he  was  held  up  and  robbed  by 
highwaymen. 

MASON  S.  McCOY.  A  popular  and  up-to-date 
hotel  man  and  now  operating  a  first  class  house  in  Mor- 
row, also  having  a  good  feed  barn  in  connection,  a 
man  of  uprightness  and  integrity,  we,  with  pleasure, 
grant  to  Mr.  McCoy  space  in  the  history  of  his  county 
for  a  review  of  his  'life. 

Mason  S.  McCoy  was  born  in  Walla  Walla  county, 
Washington,  on  February  1=5,  1872,  being  the  son  of 
James  and  Margaret  (Leadbetter)  McCoy,  natives  of 
Texas.  The  father  was  born  in  1839,  now  lives  in 
Prosser,  Washington,  and  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  Washington,  being  through  all  the  Indian  wars. 
The  mother  was  born  in  1849,  is  living  and  came  west 
with  ox  teams.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Day- 
ton, and  was  there  educated.  He  learned  in  his  early 
life  the  trade  of  sawyer  and  when  fifteen  went  to  do 
for  himself,  working  both  at  farming  and  in  the  mills. 
When  nineteen  he  went  to  the  Willamette  valley,  later 
returned  to  Washington,  then  to  Portland,  then  again  to 
Washington.  In  the  fall  of  1895  Mr.  McCoy  was  at 
the  mouth  of  Lolo  creek,  on  Clearwater,  hunting 
and  trapping  and  from  which  he  came  to  his  present 
place.  In  1896  he  came  to  Idaho,  and  here  he  was 
married  to  Mary  Hacker,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Mary 
Hacker,  on  June  3,  1896.  Mrs.  McCoy's  parents  were 
born  in  Germany  and  her  father  died  in  1899.  She 
was  born  in  Germany,  on  May  25,  1874,  and  came  to 
the  United  States  when  six  with  her  parents.  Mrs. 
McCoy  was  educated  in  Kansas  City,  Missouri.  She 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Terese 
Ettlesburger,  Louis,  Lizzie  Lamb.  Mr.  McCoy  has  the 
followig  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Mary,  William, 
George.  Clara  Bait,  Maude  Radley,  John,  Viola  Swift, 
Rose  McFarland,  Guy.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McCoy,  Eugene,  Beatrice,  Lela  Fay. 
Mrs.  McCoy  is  a  Catholic.  Mr.  MeCoy  is  allied  with 
the  Republicans  in  politics  but  reserves  for  his  own  de- 
cision the  judgment  of  the  different  men  and  is  an  in- 
dependent thinker.  He  has  a  farm  in  addition  to  his 
hotel  and  also  is  handling  some  stock. 


DANIEL  M.  WING.  Engaged  in  the  occupation 
of  handling  a  farm,  the  genial  gentleman  and  capable 
business  man  of  whom  we  now  have  the  pleasure  of 
speaking  is  working  out  a  good  success  and  is  one  of 
the  influential  and  reliable  men  of  good  standing  in  his 
section  of  the  county. 

Daniel  M.  Wing  was  born  in  Vassalboro,  Maine, 


on  March  IT,,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Henry  C.  and  Ju- 
lia A.  (Pettingale)  Wing,  natives  of  Maine.  The 
father  was  born  in  1842  and  died  in  1894,  was  a  man 
of  popularity  and  held  numerous  county  offices,  as 
sheriff,  assessor  and  so  forth.  The  mother  was  born 
in  1838  and  died  in  1897.  The  whole  family  removed 
to  Farmington,  Dakota  county,  Minnesota,  in  1861  and 
the  father  acted  as  station  agent  for  a  number  of  years. 
Then  he  opened  a  foundry  business  and  later  was  in 
public  office  in  the  county  for  years.  Daniel  M.  grew 
to  manhood  there  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools.  He  operated  a  boot  and  shoe  store  for  his 
father  and  then  superintended  a  farm  for  his  father. 
In  1884,  they  all  moved  to  Minneapolis  and  opened  a 

street  railway  business  and  then  he  was  with  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Express  Company.  In  1891  he  came  to- 
Butte,  Montana,  and  for  seven  years  he  wrought  in  the 
concentrating  mill  of  W.  A.  Clark.  On  March  22, 
1899,  Mr.  Wing  came  to  the  reservation  and  took  his 
present  place  near  Peck.  He  devoted  himself  to  its 
improvement,  putting  out  orchard,  erecting  buildings, 
and  so  forth,  while  he  also  clerked  in  a  store  in  Peck. 
In  August,  1885,  Mr.  Wing  married  Miss  Nettie 
Lakin,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Farmington,  Minne- 
sota, and  to  this  happy  marriage  there  have  been  born 
two  children,  Ruth,  aged  fifteen,  and  Freddie,  aged 
five.  Mrs.  Wing  was  born  in  New  York,  in  1862.  She 
finished  her  education  in  the  state  normal  and  then 
taught  school  for  some  time.  She  has  two  sisters  and 
one  brother,  Frankie  Berlin,  Decker,  and  Carrie  Pratt. 
Mr.  Wing  has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Harry  and 
Pearl  Kinney.  Mr.  Wing  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W. 
and  Mrs.  Wing  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  Mr.  Wing 
is  active  in  political  matters  and  reserves  the  right  to 
vote  for  the  man  he  chooses  regardless  of  party  tenets. 
He  is  an  enthusiastic  supporter  of  good  schools  and 
labors  with  wisdom  for  that  end. 


FRANK  W.  JULIAN.  It  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  incorporate  in  the  volume  of  Nez  Perces  county 
history  a  resume  of  the  career  of  the  gentleman  whose 
name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  and  who  is  one  of 
the  substantial  and  capable  farmers  of  this  section. 
He  was  born  in  Greene  county,  Missouri,  on  October 
14,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  M.  and  Sarah  J.  (Mc- 
Spaddtn)  Julian.  The  father  was  born  in  Missouri, 
on  October  25,  1840,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war 
and  fought  the  Indians  with  Ft.  Leavenworth  as  head- 
quarters. He  was  assessor  in  Garfield  county,  Wash- 
ington, for  two  years.  When  our  subject  was  twelve, 
he  came  with  his  parents  from  Missouri  to  Pomeroy,. 
Washington,  where  the  father  took  land  and  farmed. 
He  also  raised  stock.  Here  our  subject  grew  to  man- 
hood and  when  eighteen,  went  to  Dayton,  Washington, 
and  there  farmed  for  himself  until  1896,  when  he 
came  to  the  reservation  and  homesteaded  eighty  acres, 
near  where  he  now  lives.  Later,  Mr.  Julian  sold  this 
property  and  bought  his  present  home  place  about 
two  miles  northeast  from  Morrow.  Mr.  Julian  has  a 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


good  orchard,  house,  barn  and  other  improvements 
on  his  quarter  section  and  is  making  a  fine  place  of  the 
estate. 

On  March  29,  1891,  at  Dayton,  Washington,  Mr. 
Julian  married  Miss  Blanche,  daughter  of  Anthony 
and  Rosetta  (Robbins)  Rockhill.  The  father  was 
born  in  Ohio.  He  crossed  the  plains  in  1864  with  ox 
teams  and  stopped  two  years  in  Willamette  valley, 
whence  he  came  to  Dayton,  where  he  now  lives,  aged 
eighty-two.  Mrs.  Julian  was  born  in  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington, May  3,  1873,  and  has  brothers  and  sisters  as 
follows:  Louise,  Phoebe,  Ellen,  John,  Rosetta,  de- 
ceased, Anthony,  deceased,  Effie,  Luella.  Mr.  Julian 
has  three  sisters  and  three  brothers:  Mary,  Jennie, 
Fred,  Lottie,  Roxie,  Nellie.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Julian,  Floyd  and  Hazel.  Mr. 
Julian  is  independent  in  politics  and  reserves  for  his 
own  decision  the  questions  and  qualities  of  the  men  to 
vote  for.  He  is  a  warm  advocate  of  good  schools  and 
general  progression. 


LAFAYETTE  KNOWLTON.  The  related  occu- 
pations of  dairying  and  farming  occupy  the  subject  of 
this  article,  and  his  family  home  is  two  and  one-half 
miles  southeast  from  Lewiston,  where  he  has  a  farm, 
well  improved  and  which  he  makes  the  headquarters 
of  his  dairy.  He  is  a  man  of  reliability  and  integrity, 
well  spoken  of  by  his  neighbors  and  of  untarnished 
reputation  in  the  community. 

Mr.  Knowlton  was  born  in  Benton  county,  Ore- 
gon, on  June  20,  1854,  being  the  son  of  George  and 
Susanna  (McKee)  Knowlton,  the  father  is  a  farmer 
and  harness  maker,  also  a  successful  school 
teacher,  born  in  Vermont,  in  1826,  and  now 
living  in  Spokane.  The  parents  of  Mr.  Knowl- 
ton were  also  Vermonters.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1830  and  died  in  1874. 
Lafayette  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  mother 
when  he  was  twelve  years  of  age  and  then  he  lived 
with  a  neighbor  for  four  years,  after  which  his  father 
married  and  he  returned  to  his  home.  The  father  had 
crossed  the  plains  in  1832  and  in  1862  he  was  led  to 
the  Salmon  river  mines  through  the  gold  excitement. 
He  packed  a  sack  of  flour  into  Florence  clear  from 
Lewiston  and  at  Florence  he  was  offered  one  hundred 
dollars  for  it.  Our  subject  went  to  raising  horses  in 
Oregon  when  he  became  of  age  and  remained  there 
until  1885,  when  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Ritzville, 
Washington,  and  bought  a  section  of  land  and  con- 
tinued' in  that  industry.  The  great  depression  in  the 
price  of  horses  in  the  'nineties  and  the  panic  at  the  same 
time  caused  a  financial  failure  on  the  part  of  Mr. 
Knowlton  and  he  lost  about  eight  hundred  head  of 
horses.  In  1897  he  came  to  Lewiston  and  took  up 
dairying.  He  took  a  claim  in  the  county  where  his 
son  now  lives  and  he  has  continued  in  this  line  since. 

On  February  14,  1877,  Mr.  Knowlton  married  Miss 
Alice,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Louisa  (Reddick) 
Kendall,  natives  of  Ohio.  Mrs.  Knowlton  was  born 
in  Bloomington,  Illinois,  in  1858,  and  she  has  one 


brother  and  one  sister,  Homer  and  Lena  O'Hara,  both 
in  Oregon.  Mr.  Knowlton  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  Frances  M.,  in  Spokane  county, 
Washington;  Emma  Jackson,  at  Priest  river,  in  this 
state;  Mary  Jamieson,  in  Spokane:  James  E.,  in 
Okanogan,  Washington;  and  Grant,  George  and  Su- 
sana,  by  his  step-mother.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Knowlton 
there  have  been  born  six  children :  Dallas  M.,  in  Mel- 
rose,  this  county;  James  E.,  attending  normal;  Nel- 
lie G.,  Mabel  M.',  Mary  L.,  and  Verna  V.  Mr.  Knowl- 
ton is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  Melrose  and  his 
wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr. 
Knowlton  had  a  number  of  uncles  in  the  Civil  war.  In 
political  matters,  he  is  an  admirer  of  Roosevelt,  but 
not  partisan.  He  is  a  warm  advocate  of  good  schools 
and  labors  always  for  their  betterment. 


EMANUEL  VADNEY,  M.  D.,  is  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  to  settle  in  the  bright  little  town  of 
Morrow,  where  he  is  now  conducting  a  lucrative  prac- 
tice and  also  conducting  a  drug  store,  which  is  one  of 
the  thriving  business  establishments  of  the  town. 

Emanuel  Vadney  was  born  in  Albany,  New  York, 
on  October  5,  i8=;8,  being  the  son  of  Augustus  and 
Elizabeth  (Calderhovre)  Vadney.  The  father  was 
born  in  Paris,  France,  in  1822  and  died  in  1867.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1839,  was  a  graduate  of 
the  Homeopathic  Institute  in  France,  and  was  ex- 
amining physician  for  the  government  during  the  Civil 
war.  He  was  a  professor  in  the  Homeopathic  Insti- 
tute in  Albany  and  a  prominent  physician.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Albany  county, 
New  York,  and  died  when  Emanuel  was  an  infant. 
Her  father,  George  Vanderhovre,  built  and  owned  the 
Chicago  hotel  which  was  destroyed  by  the  fire  and 
afterwards  rebuilt.  He  died  in '1898.  Our  subject 
grew  to  young  manhood  in  Albany  and  after  complet- 
ing a  literary  course  took  a  thorough  course  in  the 
Homeopathic  Institute  where  his  father  was  professor. 
Then  he  went  to  Chico,  California,  and  later  returned 
to  Chicago  and  took  a  four-year  course  in  the  In- 
dependent Medical  College  of  that  city.  Being  thus 
excellently  fortified  for  life's  work,  he  came  to  Chico, 
then  being  twenty-six,  and  later  removed  to  Milton. 
He  practiced  there  and  in  Baker  City  for  eight  years 
and  then  removed  to  Boise,  where  he  followed  his 
profession  for  two  years.  In  1897  Dr.  Vadney  came 
to  Morrow,  and  since  that  time  has  continued  here 
with  good  success  and  also  being  held  in  high  esteem 
among  the  people. 

On  May  16,  1884,  in  Milton,  Oregon,  Dr.  Vadney 
married  Miss  Carrie  C,  daughter  of  Levi  R.  and 
Cecilia  (Vanattin)  Mock,  natives  of  Albany  county, 
New  York.  They  are  Holland  Dutch  extraction. 
Mrs.  Vadney  was  born  in  Chico,  California,  in  1870, 
and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Jacob, 
John  J.,  Fannie  Kirkpatrick.  Dr.  Vadney  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister,  George  E.,  Camilla  V.  Four 
children  have  been  born  to  this  union:  George  E., 
Augustus,  Albert  E.,  Bertha  C.,  all  at  home.  Dr. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Vadney  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  has  passed 
all  the  chairs.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A. 
He  is  a  Republican  and  active  in  the  campaigns.  In 
addition  to  his  business  mentioned  above,  the  Doctor 
owns  real  estate  in  various  places  and  is  prosperous. 
He  is  and  has  been  for  some  time  a  member  of  the 
school  board  and  has  always  shown  himself  an  advo- 
cate of  good  schools.  He  contributed  seventy  dollars 
towards  the  new  school  house  and  is  ever  found  a  pro- 
gressive and  public  minded  citizen. 


ROBERT  E.  L.  HUCKABAY.  1897  marks  the 
date  when  Mr.  Huckabay  bought  the  relinquishment 
to  his  present  place  and  since  that  date  he  has  been  one 
of  the  progressive  and  leading  farmers  of  his  section. 
His  farm  consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  and 
lies  about  two  miles  north  from  Westlake.  'Mr.  Huck- 
abay was  born  in  Lake  county.  California,  on  April  15, 
1863,  being  the  son  of  Berry  and  Sarah  (Milton) 
Huckabay,  natives  of  North  Carolina  and  born  on 
August  28,  1818,  and  September  26,  1818,  respectively. 
The  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Oregon  in  1850.  then  went 
to  California  and  in  1873  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Col- 
fax,  where  he  died  in  1891.  The  mother  died'on  April 
4,  1892.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  California  and 
Washington  and  grew  to  manhood  in  the  latter  place. 
He  remained  with  his  father  until  the  latter's  death 
and  then  took  full  charge  of  the  home  estate  until  1897, 
the  year  of  his  advent  to  the  reservation  country. 
Since  this  year,  he  gave  himself  to  the  good  work  of 
improvement  and  has  achieved  good  success  in  his 
labors. 

On  May  3,  1891,  Mr.  Huckabay  married  Miss  Ida 
F.  Burgess,  who  died  on  March  20,  1900.  On  No- 
vember 4,  1901,  Mr.  Huckabay  married  Miss  Bar- 
bara, daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Miller)  Unzicker, 
who  are  mentioned  in  this  volume.  She  has  four 
brothers  and  six  sisters.  Mr.  Huckabay  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters:  Oliver.  Amelia, 
Catherine,  Adeline,  Emeline.  Five  children  were  born 
to  the  first  marriage  of  Mr.  Huckabay,  Ethel,  deceased, 
Robert  and  Edward,  twins,  Victor,  Schuyler,  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Huckabay  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  in  political  matters  is  allied  with  .the  Democrats. 


FRANK  KELLER.  A  good  and  substantial  man, 
a  patriotic  citizen,  a  thrifty  and  industrious  farmer,  and 
one  whose  labors  have  been  wisely  bestowed  for  the 
development  of  this  country,  it  is  fitting  that  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  be  accorded  consideration  in  the 
history  of  the  county  of  Nez  Perces. 

Frank  Keler  was  born  in  Tama  county.  Iowa,  on 
October  3,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Sarah 
(Mericle)  Keller,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father,  born 
in  1844,  was  a  pioneer  to  Iowa  and  now  lives  in  Ala- 
bama, having  wrought  through  life  as  a  blacksmith. 
The  mother's  father,  John  Mericle,  was  a  pioneer  to 
Iowa.  In  1 88 1  the  family  removed  to  Cowley  county, 


Kansas,  where  the  father  took  land  and  there  our  sub- 
ject grew  to  manhood  and  received  the  finishing  part 
of  his  education  in  the  common  schools.  When 
twenty-one  he  stepped  from  the  parental  roof  and  in- 
augurated independent  action.  He  wrought  at  the 
stock  business  for  four  years  and  in  1891  sold  out  and 
came  west  to  Elgin,  Oregon.  For  a  time  he  farmed 
there  and  then  made  another  move,  this  time  to  the 
county  of  Latah,  and  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  Palouse, 
where  he  farmed  for  six  years.  It  was  in  1898  that  he 
came  to  the  reservation  and  selected  a  homestead  four 
and  one-half  miles  east  from  Melrose.  He  has  opened 
up  a  farm  and  has  a  good  orchard  and  in  addition  to 
general  farming  Mr.  Keller  raises  cattle.  He  is  pros- 
perous and  handles  his  business  affairs  with  wisdom. 
In  June,  1893,  Mr.  Keller  married  Miss  Lona, 
daughter  of  Granville  and  Leona  (White)  Long,  na- 
tives of  Indiana,  and  the  father  a  farmer.  Mrs.  Kel- 
ler was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1874,  and  has  three  broth- 
ers, Cornelius,  Schuyler  and  Clyde.  Mr.  Keller  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Martin,  Jacob, 
Manuel,  Joseph,  Emma  Kimball,  and  Pearl  Sanderson. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keller, 
Esther  and  Clara.  Mr.  Keller  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  at  Melrose.  Mrs.  Keller  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  church.  Mr.  Keller  is  also  a  member  of  the 
school  board  and  devotes  time  and  attention  to  improv- 
ing the  school  facilities.  He  is  a  Democrat,  but  not 
bound  by  party  ties,  so  that  he  feels  at  liberty  to  vote 
for  the  man  he  desires. 


GEORGE  S.  HALL  is  an  intelligent,  capable  and 
leading  citizen  of  the  vicinity  of  Gifford.  He  has  made 
a  good  success  in  the  affairs  of  life,  has  won  many 
friends  and  has  maintained  a  reputation  unsullied  and 
clean. 

George  S.  Hall  was  born  in  Polk  county,  Oregon, 
en  December  30,  i8S9,  being  the  son  of  Edward  C. 
and  Margaret  (Leasure)  Hall.  The  father  was  born 
in  Bureau  county,  Illinois,  and  died  September  27, 
1901.  His  father  was  a  Kentuckian  and  his  mother  a 
native  of  Illinois.  They  came  to  Oregon  with  ox 
teams  in  1846,  bringing  the  father  of  our  subject  with 
them.  A  donation  claim  of  one  section  was  taken  in 
Polk  county,  and  Mr.  Hall,  Reason  B.,  being  his  given 
name,  gained  title  for  his  services  in  the  war  of  1812 
and  the  Black  Hawk  war.  When  Edward  C.  became  of 
age,  his  father  gave  him  eighty  acres  and  he  bought  as 


went  to  making  wagons  and  blacksmithmg.  His  wife 
was  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  now  lives  in  Moscow, 
aged  fifty-eight.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm  and 
educated  in  the  district  school  and  the  Willamette  Uni- 
versity. Following  this  he  worked  on  the  farm,  also 
spent  two  years  running  an  engine  in  Portland.  Then 
in  1890  he  came  to  Moscow  and  for  a  time  mined  in  the 
opal  mines,  but  upon  their  giving  out  he  bought  a  farm 
in  1893,  west  from  Moscow,  gaining  title  at  a  low 
figure  on  account  of  the  depressed  times.  When  the 
reservation  opened  he  sold  well  and  bought  his  present 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


199 


land,  seven  miles  west  from  Gifford.  He  has  good 
improvements,  a  fine  orchard,  raises  flax  and  oats,  and 
plenty  of  stock.  Air.  Hall  has  four  brothers,  John  E., 
a  farmer  near  Moscow ;  Henry  R.,  a  miner  at  Murray ; 
Charles  C,  a  commercial  traveler  in  Portland ;  Ralph 
L.,  farmer  near  our  subject. 

On  January  30,  1895,  Mr.  Hall  married  Miss  Lil- 
lian Husted,  a  native  of  Illinois,  the  wedding  occur- 
ring in  Moscow.  Two  children,  William  and  Ray- 
mond, have  been  born  to  them.  Mrs.  Hall  has  two  sis- 
ters, Emma ;  Kate,  wife  of  J.  H.  Williams,  at  Kalispell, 
iMontana.  Mr.  Hall  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
Paradise  Camp,  563:  also  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  Mos- 
cow. He  is  a  Republican  and  a  bright  man,  active  and 
interested  in  the  questions  of  the  day  and  always  a 
champion  for  the  bettement  of  the  country. 


EMERSON  T.  ROOT.  Perhaps  there  will 
never  be  put  on  paper  the  exact  descriptions  of  the  try- 
ing times  the  early  pioneers  had  in  opening  the  western 
country  for  settlement.  Although  the  reservation 
portion  of  our  country  was  settled  later  in  the  pro- 
gress of  development,  still  the  same  trying  times  and 
hardships  were  to  be  encountered  as  in  other  sections 
and  the  worthy  subject  of  this  article  had  his  portion 
in  this  noble  'work.  Suffering,  self-denial,  and  ex- 
tremely arduous  labors  with  deprivations,  were  the 
lot  of  him  and  his  family,  but  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  can  record  that  at  the  present  time  he  is  one  of 
the  prosperous  farmers  and  stockmen  of  the  county; 
his  estate  lies  one  and  one-half  miles  north  from 
Melrose. 

Emerson  T.  Root  was  born  in  Evansville,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  August  18,  1864,  being  the  son  of  William  L. 
and  Almira  (Silverthorn)  Root.  The  father  was  a 
shoemaker,  born  in  Ohio,  in  1840,  was  a  pioneer  to 
Kansas  and  died  in  1894.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1843  and  still  lives  in  St.  Louis.  In 
1870,  the  family  went  to  Whiterock,  Kansas,  and  two 
years  later  to  Saint  Joseph,  Missouri.  There  our 
subject  was  educated  and  learned  the  shoemaker's 
trade,  working  at  it  for  five  years.  It  then  became 
evident  that  for  the  sake  of  his  health  it  would  be 
necessary  to  have  outdoor  labor  and  accordingly  he 
went  to  teaming  and  afterward  associated  himself 
with  a  wholesale  hardware  house.  In  1888  Mr.  Root 
came  west  to  Colfax  and  engaged  in  the  sawmill 
business.  Later  he  was  agent  for  the  Singer  sewing 
machine.  On  April  14,  1896,  Mr.  Root  landed  on 
his  present  place  and  soon  he  had  his  family  settled. 
Being  practically  without  means,  he  was  forced  to  go 
to  the  more  settled  country  and  work,  thus  leaving  the 
family  alone.  He  had  to  pack  his  provisions  in  on 
horseback  and  the  first  winter,  he  had  the  great  mis- 
fortune to  lose  his  horses  and  the  only  cow  and  calf 
they  possessed,  but  despite  these  trying  times  Mr. 
Root  labored  on  and  he  and  his  faithful  wife  are  now 
enjoying  the  rewards  of  their  industry  in  plenty  and 
prosperity.  He  handles  hogs,  sheep,  and  does  a  gen- 
eral farming  business. 


On  July  3,  1886,  Mr.  Root  married  Airs.  Melinda 
Lowe,  daughter  of  James  and  .Margaret  A.  (Broyles) 
Speer.  Mr.  Speer  died  in  the  Civil  war  fighting  for 
his  country.  His  wife  was  born  in  1832  and  now  lives 
in  Harrison  county,  Missouri.  Airs.  Root  was  born 
in  southern  Missouri  and  has  one  brother,  William  R., 
now  in  that  state.  She  was  married  first  to  George 
W.  Lowe  and  by  that  marriage  has  one  son,  Benjamin 
F.,  and  one  daughter,  Margaret  A.  Mr.  Root  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters,  Oliver  E.,  William  L., 
Leroy,  Charles  F.,  Arthur  P.,  and  George  F.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Root  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church 
at  Melrose  and  devout  supporters  of  the  faith  they 
profess.  Politically,  Mr.  Root  is  an  independent  Re- 
publican and  is  a  progressive  and  enterprising  citizen. 
His  uncle,  Emerson  T.  Root,  gave  his  life  for  his 
country  in  the  Civil  war.  Mr.  Root  was  clerk  of  the 
school  board  and  always  strives  for  the  betterment  of 
educational  facilities. 


JOHN  S.  UNZICKER.  This  thrifty  and  well- 
to-do  farmer  is  one  of  the  venerable  men  who  has 
settled  in  the  reservation  country.  His  estate  of  one- 
quarter  section  lies  two  and  one-half  miles  north  from 
Westlake  and  is  well  improved  and  provided  with 
good,  large  residence  and  splendid  outbuildings. 

John  S.  Unzicker  was  born  in  Lancaster  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  May  21,  1829,  being  the  son  of 
John  and  Barbara  (Unzicker)  Unzicker.  The  father 
was  born  in  Germany,  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1829  and  died  the  same  year.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Germany  in  1808.  Our  subject  was  reared  by  his 
grandmother  and  commenced  the  battle  of  life  for 
himself  when  he  was  ten  years  old.  He  was  taken  to 
Ohio  when  four  and  there  educated.  He  learned  the 
cooper  trade  but  when  he  was  nineteen  he  went  to 
Lee  county,  Iowa,  and  farmed  there  and  in  Illinois. 
When  twenty-seven  Mr.  Unzicker  went  to  Hickory 
county,  Missouri,  broke  the  wild  sod  and  settled  to 
farming.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  returned 
to  Davis  county,  Iowa,  then  to  Lee  county,  and  finally 
went  to  Clark  county,  Missouri,  was  also  in  Cass 
county.  He  was  in  McPherson  county  and  then  in 
Linn,  and  in  1886  he  came  to  Whitman  county,  Wash- 
ington. At  the  date  of  the  opening  of  the  reservation 
he  came  hither  and  settled  on  his  present  place.  This 
was  in  the  fall  of  1895  and  since  then  he  has  labored 
faithfully  in  fanning  and  raising  stock. 

In  Henry  county,  Iowa,  on  September  21.  1856, 
Mr.  Unzicker  married  Miss  Alary,  daughter  of  John 
F.  and  Magdelene  (King)  Miller.  The  father' was 
a  miller  and  farmer,  born  in  Germany  in  1801,  came 
to  the  United  States  when  a  young  man  on  a  con- 
tract to  work  out  his  passage  money  after  he  got  here, 
which  he  did.  He  died  in  1871."  The  mother  was 
also  born  in  Germany.  Mrs.  Unzicker  was  born  in 
Ohio,  in  1839,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters. Gideon,  John,  Isaac,  Samuel.  Joseph.  Charles, 
Lydia,  Sarah,  Barbara.  Air.  Unzicker  was  an  only 
child.  The  following  named  children  have  been  born 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Unzicker,  Lydia,  Gideon,  William, 
Lavina,  Samuel,  Barbara,  Emma,  Ella,  Charles,  Clara. 
Our  subject  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Men- 
nonite  church.  Mr.  Unzicker  is  a  member  of  the 
school  board,  is  road  overseer  and  has  always  been 
an  advocate  of  good  schools  and  progression  generally. 


GEORGE  A.  SMITH  is  one  of  the  leading  stock- 
men of  Nez  Perces  county,  as  well  as  a  heavy  real 
estate  holder.  He  has  a  farm  of  nearly  one  section, 
seven  miles  east  from  Lewiston,  where  the  family  home 
is,  and  also  rents  eight  hundred  acres  in  addition  to 
this.  Mr.  Smith  runs  his  cattle  in  the  mountains  in 
the  summers  and  feeds  them  at  the  ranch  in  the  win- 
ters. He  has  made  a  good  success  in  this  line  of  work 
and  is  a  man  of  ability  and  energy.  He  raises  barley 
and  wheat  on  the  farm  and  does  a  general  farming 
business.  He  has  a  fine  residence,  good  barns,  and  the 
property  is  one  of  the  excellent  ones  of  this  section. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  the  details  of  a  successful 
life  like  this,  and  accordingly  we  append  them.  Mr. 
Smith  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Illinois,  on  August 
22,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Hiram  R.  and  Nancy  (Al- 
kire)  Smith.  The  father  was  born  in  Pike  county, 
Illinois,  in  1829,  and  died  in  1873.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Illinois  also  and  died  in  1863.  Our  subject 
remained  at  home  with  his  father,  the  mother  dying 
when  he  was  very  young.  He  gained  a  good  educa- 
tion and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  the  family  removed  to 
Vernon  county,  Missouri,  this  being  in  the  fall  of  1872, 
and  six  months  later  the  father  died.  He  had  bought 
a  tract  of  land  there,  but  the  family  returned  to  the 
Illinois  home,  which  they  still  owned.  He  remained 
there  until  eighteen  and  then  came  west  in  the  fall  of 
1878.  He  went  first  to  the  Willamette  valley  and 
thence  to  Lewiston,  landing  here  on  November  2,  1878. 
He  worked  at  different  things  until  1880,  then  took  a 
position  with  the  N.  P.  R.  R.  as  fireman,  and  later  be- 
came engineer;  then  he  operated  an  engine  in  a  mill 
and  in.  1885  he  began  raising  stock  and  farming.  He 
took  a  homestead,  which  was  the  nucleus  of  his  farm, 
and  bought  more  land  until  he  has  as  described  above. 

On  November  14,  1886,  in  this  county,  Mr.  Smith 
married  Miss  Alfreta,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Eliza 
(Sewell)  Inghram.  The  father  was  born  in  Holton, 
Maine,  in  1837,  and  died  in  1891.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Miramichi,  Canada,  on  August  30,  1842.  Mrs. 
Smith  was  born  in  Holton,  Maine,  on  October  10, 
1870,  and  she  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows: 
John,  Bernard,  Robert  L.  and  David.  Mr.  Smith  has 
the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Seldon, 
Robert,  Hiram,  Hilbert,  Wesley  Akers,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Edkins.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  there  have  been 
born  five  children,  Laura,  deceased;  Arthur,  also  de- 
ceased; Ernest,  Dora  and  Helen.  Mr.  Smith  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  W.  W.  In  poli- 
tics he  is  allied  with  the  Republicans.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Lewiston  (school  board  for  eight  years 
and  is  a  warm  advocate  of  good  schools,  and  his  efforts 
have  done  much  in  this  direction  in  building  up.  Mrs. 


Smith  had  two  uncles  in  the  wir  of  the  Rebellion,  John 
Inghram,  who  died  in  the  army,  and  Frank,  who  lost 
one  leg.  Mr.  Smith  is  one  of  the  enterprising,  thrifty 
and  sagacious  citizens  of  our  county  and  is  the  recipi- 
ent of  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his  fellows.  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  stockholder  and  director  of  the!  Idaho  Trust 
Company,  Lewiston.  He  is  a  candidate  for  county 
:„ :— er  OI1  the  Republican  ticket  from  the  first 


HON.  LOUIS  CLARK.  This  capable  and  influ- 
ential citizen  of  Nez  Perces  county  is  one  of  the  pow- 
erful men  whose  talents  have  been  turned  to  the  pro- 
vision of  sound  legislation  for  the  state  of  Idaho,  be- 
ing at  this  time  a  member  of  the  state  senate  from  Nez 
Perces  county.  Mr.  Clark  is  conceded  to  be  the  most 
powerful  forensic  orator  on  the  floors  of  legislation 
in  his  state,  and  he  has  made  a  record  that  is  highly 
appreciated  not  only  by  his  constituents  but  also  by  all 
lovers  of  salutary  and  right  laws. 

Louis  Clark  was  born  in  Hawkins  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  August  3,  1865,  the  son  of  William  H.  and 
Mary  A.  (Ray)  Clark,  whose  ancestors  had  been  resi- 
dents of  that  section  for  four  generations.  Mr.  Clark 
is  the  eldest  of  three  children  and  his  father  died 
while  he  was  an  infant.  From  that  time  forward, 
Louis  helped  his  mother  in  the  battles  of  life.  In  1874, 
they  came  across  the  plains  to  Boise,  Idaho,  and  in 
i88'2,  our  subject  came  to  Beeman  and  later  settled  in 
Gifford.  In  this  latter  place  he  gives  his  attention  to 
mercantile  pursuits  in  Gifford  and  handling  his  estate 
two  miles  west  from  Gifford.  Mr.  Clark  has  made  a 
brilliant  success  in  farming  and  raising  stock  and  is 
one  of  the  most  substantial  men  of  the  county.  He 
was  reared  amid  the  trying  scenes  of  life  in  various 
localities  and  received  his  education  from  the  common 
schools.  In  1890,  he  became  greatly  interested  in 
politics  and  in  1892,  he  was  elected  constable  of  the 
Potlatch  district.  In  1896,  he  was  elected  justice  of 
the  peace  in  the  Lapwai  precinct.  In  1898,  he  was 
nominated  as  state  senator  but  was  defeated.  In  1900, 
he  was  nominated  again  and  that  time  he  carried  the 
day.  In  both  races,  he  went  far  ahead  of  his  party  and 
although  the  county  of  Nez  Perces  is  Republican,  he 
won,  being  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  It  was  soon 
discovered  that  Senator  Clark  was  the  right  man  in  the 
right  place  and  the  senate  accorded  him  responsible 
positions.  He  is  chairman  of  the  committee  on  agri- 
culture and  live  stock,  a  member  of  the  committee  on 
rules,  on  highways,  on  bridges  and  ferries  and  he  has 
been  one  of  the  most  active  and  influential  men  of  the 
senate.  The  success  that  Mr.  Clark  has  won  is  en- 
tirely the  achievement  of  a  strong  will,  wisdom,  in- 
tegrity and  untiring  activity  in  the  various  channels 
of  business  life  and  in  the  realm  of  politics,  while  also 
in  educational  matters  he  has  always  been  a  power 
for  good. 

Senator  Clark  is  a  member  of  the  Reorganized 
church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter  Day  Saints,  which 
organization  is  often  confounded  wrongly  with  the 
polygamous  faction  which  Brigham  Young  establish- 


HON.  LOUIS  CLARK. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ed,  but  the  two  organizations  are  widely  different  and 
the  church  of  our  senator  is  stanchly  opposed  to  the 
practices  of  the  followers  of  Young. 

On  July  2,  1885,  Louis  Clark  married  Miss  Ida  M., 
daughter  of  J.  A.'  and  Susan  (Herrington)  Richard- 
son, natives  of  Missouri.  The  nuptials  occurred  in 
Juliaetta,  Latah  county,  Mrs.  Clark  was  born  in 
Pendleton,  Oregon.  She  had  one  brother,  Isaac,  killed 
in  the  Philippine  war.  He  belonged  to  Company  B, 
Idaho  Volunteers.  Another  brother,  John,  was  killed 
in  an  accident,  and  one  brother,  George,  is  living  at 
Juliaetta  farming.  Mr.  Clark  has  four  brothers  and 
two  sisters  living.  We  wish  to  mention  that  in  ad- 
dition to  the  brilliant  record  that  Senator  Clark  has 
made  in  legislation  for  his  state,  he  has  also  demon- 
strated that  he  possesses  excellent  business  and  execu- 
tive ability  and  is  a  good  financier.  He  has  large 
tracts  of  real  estate,  handles  about  two  hundred  head 
of  beef  cattle  annually,  and  has  done  a  lion's  share  in 
the  development  of  the  resources  of  Nez  Perces 


JOSEPH  H.  DAY,  an  enterprising  and  success- 
ful farmer  and  stockman,  residing  on  his  estate  of  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres,  four  miles  north  from  Mor- 
row, has  also  achieved  success  in  the  work  of  the  edu- 
cator and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  influential  men 
•of  this  section. 

Joseph  H.  Day  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Oregon,  on  October  5,  1864,  being  the  son  of  George 
€.  and  Sarah  J.  (Painter)  Day.  The  father,  a  farmer 
and  stockman,  was  born  in  Ohio,  crossed  the  plains  in 
1850  with  ox  teams  and  settled  in  Oregon  City.  He 
put  the  first  boat  on  the  river  above  the  falls,  then 
farmed  and  taught  school  and  in  the  'sixties  was  sent 
to  the  legislature.  He  was  a  strong  and  influential 
Republican  and  did  much  to  mould  affairs  in  early 
days.  He  was  also  active  in  the  Indian  troubles  in  the 
'fifties.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri and  crossed  the  plains  in  1851,  with  her  parents. 
Her  grandfather,  Robert  Moore,  crossed  the  plains  in 
1838  and  started  the  town  of  Linn  City  across  the 
Willamette  .from  Oregon  City,  which  was  later  washed 
away.  W.  C.  Painter  figured  prominently  in  the  In- 
dian wars.  Joseph  C.  Painter  and  two  brothers  were 
members  of  the  Washington  legislature.  Our  subject 
grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  place  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  and  business  college  in 
Portland.  Then  he  taught  two  years  and  removed  to 
Kittitas  county,  Washington,  where  he  taught  four 
years,  after  which  he  went  to  Walla  Walla,  Whitman 
and  other  counties  and  worked  with  engineering  corps 
for  the  Northern  Pacific.  In  1896,  Mr.  Day  came  to 
his  present  place  and  since  that  time  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  and  raising  stock.  He  was  nominated  by 
the  Democrats  for  county  surveyor  in  1898  but  suffered 
the  defeat  of  the  party  that  year. 

On  October  7,  1888,  in 'Ellensburg,  Washington, 
Mr.  Day  married  Miss  Orlena,  daughter  of  Casper  B. 
and  Elizabeth  A.  (Enochs)  Fetters.  The  father  was 
an  artist  as  well  as  a  farmer,  and  died  in  1898.  One 


of  his  wood  engravings  among  others  attracted  con- 
siderable attention  in  the  World's  Fair  in  Chicago.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Illinois  and  still  lives  in  Ellens- 
burg.  Washington.  Mrs.  Day  was  born  in  Illinois  in 
1869,  and  has  five  brothers  and  two  sisters,  Carl  B., 
Horatio,  Freeman,  Estella  Elliott,  Flora  Dyer,  Jo- 
seph, Ernest.  Mr.  Day  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  William  R.,  Margaret  Barstow,  Jessie  M. 
Adams,  George  P.,  Robert,  Anna  Andrews,  Grace 
Schuster,  Josephine  Ford,  Tohn,  Benjamin,  Chester, 
Walter,  Francis  E.  Four  children  have  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day,  Jean,  George  C.,  John  and  Lydia 
M.  Mr.  Day  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  at  Mos- 
cow, and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  at  Ilo. 


ALFRED  E.  MILLER.  This  genial  and  affable 
gentleman,  who  with  his  faithful  and  pleasant  wife 
have  traveled  on  the  journey  of  life  for  many  years, 
and  now  as  the  golden  years  of  their  days  are  begin- 
ning to  run  apace,  they  have  made  themselves  a  home 
in  the  reservation  country,  which  for  natural  advan- 
tages is  equal  to  any  which  has  been  developed  and 
improved  in  a  becoming  manner. 

Alfred  E.  Miller  was  born  in  Spring  Mills,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  June  13,  1833,  being  the  son  of  Jonas  and 
Lydia  (Ettinger)  Miller,  natives  of  Lehigh  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  born  in  1801  and  1799  and  died  in 
1876  and  1874,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  tailor 
but  farmed  some  the  latter  part  of  his  life.  Alfred 
was  educated  and  raised  in  his  native  place  and  when 
seventeen  started  for  himself.  He  worked  on  the 
farm  and  one  year  later  took  up  blacksmithing,  which 
he  followed  for  three  years.  Subsequent  to  that,  we 
find  him  for  eight  years  in  a  dry  goods  store  and  then 
he  went  to  Colorado  and  mined  three  years.  His  next 
move  was  to  Baker  City,  Oregon,  and  there  he 
freighted  and  mined  for  fifteen  years  and  came  thence 
in  1877  to  Dayton,  Washington.  That  was  the  place 
of  his  toils  on  the  farm  unfil  1891,  when  he  came  to 
Genesee  and  bought  land.  Like  the  majority  of  the 
farmers  in  the  gloomy  year  of  1893,  he  went  to  the  wall 
financially  and  when  the  reservation  opened  he  came 
hither  and  selected  his  place,  three  miles  west  from 
Gifford.  He  had  but  a  few  cents  in  cash,  and  the 
opening  of  a  new  place  was  very  slow,  but  he  has 
labored  on  and  now  has  a  good  home,  plenty  of  stock, 
does  a  general  farming  business  and  is  prospering. 
Mr.  Miller  has  one  brother,  Charles,  a  tailor  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  four  sisters,  Catharine,  deceased  wife  of 
Michael  Keys ;  Ann,  widow  of  Evan  Evens,  in  Penn- 
sylvania ;  Polly,  widow  of  Lyons  M.  Hanna ;  Marga- 
ret, single,  living  in  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Miller  is  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  church  and  his  wife  of  the 
Baptist.  He  is  a  Republican  and  is  active  in  the  im- 
provement of  the  country  and  the  development  of  its 
resources. 

On  April  19,  1867,  at  Lagrande,  Oregon,  Mr.  Mil- 
ler married  Julia  Holbfield,  widow  of  David  Holbfield, 
and  daughter  of  Theopholus  and  Elizabeth  H.  (Lech- 
man)  Shaw,  natives  of  Kentucky.  Mrs.  Miller  was 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


born  in  Putnam  county,  Missouri,  on  June  26,  1838, 
and  came  to  Oregon  with  her  parents  in  1865.  She 
had  nine  brothers  and  sisters  and  all  are  dead  but 
two,  Sampson,  in  Okanogan  county,  Washington ; 
Daniel,  in  Baker  City,  Oregon.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller:  Charles,  at  home; 
Annie,  wife  of  George  M.  White,  near  Culdesac ;  Jane, 
wife  of  Charles  Bateman,  on  the  reservation;  Mary, 
wife  of  F.  A.  Schreffler,  a  farmer  near  Gifford.  M^rs. 
Miller  had  one  son  by  her  former  marriage,  David,  liv- 
ing near  Clarkston,  Washington.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller 
are  well  respected  people  and  are  worthy  of  the  esteem 
in  which  they  are  held.  They  have  labored  well  to 
develop  the  western  country  and  are  deserving  of  the 
portion  they  have  wrought  out  by  their  toils. 


CHARLES  W.  EVERTS.  To  the  old  Empire 
state  we  travel  to  find  the  birth  place  of  the  subject 
of  this  article.  Syracuse  county  was  the  spot  and  May 
4,  1865,  the  date  of  this  event.  The  parents,  William 
H.  and  Mary  A.  (Miller)  Everts,  came  to  Ionia  coun- 
ty, Michigan,  and  in  1880,  to  Dayton,  Washington. 
The  father  went  to  South  Dakota  and  there  took  a 
homestead,  where  in  1891,  he  died  aged  fifty-five.  The 
mother,  aged  fifty-seven,  is  now  living  with  a  daugh- 
ter in  Southshore,  South  Dakota.  Our  subject  com- 
menced for  himself  at  fifteen,  having  secured  a  com- 
mon school  education.  After  coming  to  Washington 
with  the  family,  he  spent  considerable  time  around 
Walla  Walla  and  also  worked  at  Union,  Union  coun- 
ty, Oregon.  He  was  jailer  there  for  a  time.  In  1893 
he  went  to  Oakesdale,  Washington,  and  there  farmed 
and  worked  on  the  Northern  Pacific  until  1897,  when 
he  came  to  his  present  place,  about  five  miles  northeast 
from  Nezperce  and  took  eighty  acres  under  the  home- 
stead act.  He  has  proved  up  on  this,  and  has  an 
orchard  of  two  hundred  trees,  a  well  cultivated  farm 
and  good  improvements  otherwise. 

Mr.  Everts  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Emma  L.  Potter, 
and  one  brother,  Henry,  residing  in  Southshore,  South 
Dakota.  The  sister  was  born  on  January  21,  1875, 
in  Ionia  county,  Michigan,  and  Henry  was  born  in  the 
same  place,  on  March  29,  1877.  Mr.  Everts  is  a  re- 
spected and  public-minded  citizen  and  has  the  good 
will  of  all.  He  is  still  one  of  the  jolly  bachelors  of 
the  section  and  seems  quite  content  with  the  quiet 
joys  and  peaceiulness  of  that  state. 


CHARLES  C.  SAUNDERS.  a  farmer  and  stock- 
man, whose  home  is  one  mile  west  from  Dublin,  is  to 
be  numbered  with  the  enterprising  and  substantial  citi- 
zens and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to 
grant  him  consideration  in  the  volume  of  his  county 
history. 

Charles  C.  Saunders  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
West  Virginia,  on  September  24,  1860.  being  the  son 
of  Lewis  W.  and  Julk  (Harlen)  Saunders,  natives 
of  West  Virginia.  The  father  was  born  on  September 


24.  1835.  He  served  about  four  years  in  the  Civil 
war,  participating  in  the  awful  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
and  also  served  under  Grant.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  1841  and  died  in  1885.  The  family 


and 


there  as  in  his  own  home  place  he  studied  in  the  c 
mon  schools.  He  remained  with  his  father  until  he 
was  twenty-one  and  then  started  in  the  battle  of  life 
on  his  own  resources.  When  twenty-five  he  started 
out  west  and  March  12,  1886,  marks  the  date  of  his 
landing  in  Lewiston.  He  worked  for  a  time  and  then 
journeyed  to  the  Okanogan  country,  after  which  he 
came  to  Uniontown  and  harvested.  About  this  time 
he  had  the  misfortune  to  break  his  arm  which  necessi- 
tated his  retirement  from  active  life  for  a  time.  In 
November,  1888,  we  see  him  in  Spokane,  working  for 
Meade  &  Company,  wholesale  butchers.  Two  years 
here  and  then  he  butchered  in  Uniontown  after  which 
he  served  fourteen  months  for  the  Great  Northern  in 
this  capacity.  Next,  Mr.  Saunders  opened  a  meat 
market  in  Spokane,  called  the  Union  market  and  as 
partner  he  took  F.  L.  Sampson.  After  four  years  in 
this  business  he  sold  out  and  went  to  buying  and  ship- 
ping stock.  On  June  i,  1898,  he  came  to  the  reserva- 
tion country  and  secured  his  present  place.  This  was 
raw  prairie  and  he  has  devoted  himself  to  improving  it 
and  also  continues  to  buy  and  ship  stock.  He  raises 
fine  grades  of  cattle  and  hogs.  Mr.  Saunders  is  a 
Democrat  and  interested  in  the  campaigns.  He  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Jennie  L.,  Mamie 
Hayes,  Lewis  A.,  Cass,  Ross,  Earl.  Mr.  Saunders  is 
one  of  the  jolly  bachelors  of  the  reservation  country 
and  is  also  one  of  the  esteemed  and  substantial  men  of 
this  section. 


EDWARD  L.  \\TGGIN  is  one  of  the  leading  com- 
mercial men  of  Lewiston,  handling  an  establishment 
as  tobacconist,  wherein  he  has  made  a  good  success. 
He  is  a  native  of  Dayton,  Washington,  being  born  of 
pioneer  parents,  Lott  and  Mary  J.  (Newell)  Wiggin, 
on  February  15,  1871.  His  father  was  a  wheelwright, 
born  in  Portland,  Maine,  in  1823,  and  died  in  1899, 
in  Lewiston.  He  came  up  the  first  steamboat  on  the 
upper  Snake  and  landed  at  Lewiston  in  1861.  He 
opened  a  trading  store  at  the  junction  of  the  Snake 
and  Clearwater  and  continued  in  the  country  until  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  was  a  prominent  man  in  Lewis-  . 
ton  and  for  many  years  was  a  member  of  the  city 
council.  Mrs.  Wig'gin  i's  still  living  in  Lewiston. 
Her  father,  Dr.  Newell,  was  Indian  agent  at  Lapwai 
from  1874  to  1875  an<3  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  the  country.  He  was  a  man  of  great  influence  and 
held  in  high  esteem  by  both  whites  and  Indians. 
When  he  retired  from  the  agency,  the  Indians,  as  a 
manifestation  of  their  appreciation,  granted  him  a 
tract  of  land  at  the  forks  of  the  Snake  and  Clearwater 
rivers,  which  is  still  known  as  the  Newell  grant.  He 
and  his  wife  were  content  to  pass  their  days  in  Lewis- 
ton  and  here  also  they  sleep. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common  schools, 
and  remained  at  home  until  of  age.    His  parents  came 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


203 


to  Lewiston  when  he  was  four  years  old  and  he  has 
remained  here  since  and  so  is  very  familiar  with  both 
the  city  and  surrounding  country.  When  eighteen 
he  wait  to  work  in  the  Teller  office  and  three  years 
later  went  into  the  Tribune  office.  He  also  handled 
stock  on  the  range  and  made  camp  Joseph  his  head- 
quarters for  a  time.  In  1895  he  started  his  present 
business  and  his  ability  and  care  of  business  has  given 
him  the  meed  of  excellent  success  and  he  is  one  of 
the  prosperous  business  men  of  Lewiston. 

On  November  30,  1899,  Mr.  Wiggin  married  Miss 
Augusta  M.,  the  youngest  daughter  of  A.  Benson,  a 
well  known  pioneer.  Mrs.  Wiggin  was  born  in  Lew- 
iston, where  also  her  wedding  occurred,  and  the  date 
of  her  advent  into  life  was  1877,  during  the  hostilities 
of  the  Nez  Perces  war  and  she  is  distinctly  an  Idaho 
product.  She  has  the  following  brother  and  sisters: 
Mrs.  Clifford  Riggs,  Mrs.  Walter  Addison,  Albert,  a 
resident  of  this  county.  Mr.  Wiggin  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Mrs.  Joseph  Molloy;  John,  a 
soldier  in  the  Philippines  and  now  in  Lewiston; 
Charles  A.,  also  in  Lewiston.  Mr.  Wiggin  has  a  fine 
home  in  the  city  and  one  child,  Albert  Edward,  eight- 
een months  old.  Mr.  Wiggin  is  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  in  Lewiston,  and  also  of  the  W.  of  W.  He 
is  a  Republican  and  active.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Pioneer  Association.  Mr.  Wiggin  is  well  and 
favorably  known  and  has  the  regard  and  esteem  of 
all. 


LOUIS  DELSOL.  A  list  of  Nez  Perces  county's 
orchardists  and  real  estate  holders  would  by  no  means 
be  complete  were  there  failure  to  mention  the  well 
known  citizen  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph. 
Mr.  Delsol  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  country,  has 
labored  faithfully  and  intelligently  for  its  upbuilding 
and  advancement,  has  demonstrated  the  fruit  culture 
to  be  a  successful  industry,  being  one  of  the  first  men 
who  planted  fruit  here  and  also  one  of  those  whose 
efforts  have  continued  with  commendable  progress 
and  success,  and  now  he  stands  one  of  the  leaders  in 
his  line.  Three  miles  east  from  Lewiston  is  his  home 
place,  which  consists  of  three  hundred  and  thirty-five 
acres  of  good  soil.  He  does  a  general  farming  busi- 
ness and  has  some  stock,  but  his  attention  is  largely 
devoted  to  fruit,  of  which  he  has  thirty-five  acres.  In 
1872  Mr.  Delsol  planted  the  first  grape  vines  in  this 
country,  sending  to  California  for  them.  They  have 
been  a  success  and  the  two  acres  planted  then  are 
regularly  bearing  now  and  have  been  during  the  inter- 
vening time.  He  has  a  good  house  and  all  the  out- 
buildings that  are  needed. 

Louis  Delson  was  born  in  France,  on  March  25, 
1838.  being  the  son  of  natives  of  that  land.  His 
parents  died  when  he  was  small  and  he  has  but  slight 
remembrance  of  them.  In  his  native  place,  Louis 
received  a  good  education  and  remained  until  he  was 
twenty-one  years  old.  Then  he  came  to  New  York 
and  thence,  via  Panama,  to  San  Francisco,  where  an 
older  brother  had  preceded  him  about  two  years. 
He  arrived  in  the  Golden  state  in  1860,  and  soon  was 


in  the  mines  hard  at  work  for  the  hidden  treasure  and 
at  this  he  wrought  for  a  number  of  years  and  then 
came  to  Canyon  City,  Oregon,  where  he  delved  for 
gold  for  a  time  and  then  went  to  the  Salmon  river 
mines,  remaining  four  years,  until  1870.  Then  Mr. 
Delsol  came  to  Lewiston  and  took  his  present  land 
from  the  government.  At  the  time  of  the  Nez  Perces 
war  he  was  in  San  Francisco  and  learning  of  it  he 
speedily  came  home  and  assisted  to  stand  guard.  A 
number  of  French  miners  on  the  Salmon  came  troop- 
ing into  his  place  at  this  time  and  remained  there 
several  months  or  until  hostilities  ceased. 

Mr.  Delsol  is  interested  in  commercial  pursuits  in 
Lewiston  and  is  constantly  investing  more.  He  is  one 
of  the  genial  and  affable  celibatarians  of  the  county 
and  is  popular  with  all.  He  takes  an  active  part  in 
politics,  being  a  Democrat,  and  has  done  duty  in  num- 
erous conventions.  In  religious  persuasion  he  is  a 
Catholic,  and  fraternally  he  is  a  thirty-second  degree 
Mason.  Mr.  Delsol  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister, 
Frank,  Baptiste  and  August. 


CHARLES  B.  WORTMAN.  The  subject  of 
this  review  is  one  of  the  representative  men  of  this 
reservation  country  and  is  now  dwelling  on  a  farm 
four  miles  west  from  Nezperce.  Being  among  the  first 
at  the  opening,  he  secured  one  of  the  choice  pieces 
and  since  that  date  has  given  his  undivided  attention 
to  its  improvement  and  cultivation. 

Charles  B.  Wortman  was  born  in  Daviess  county, 
Missouri,  on  December  25,  1859,  being  the  son  of 
Milton  L.  and  Catherine  (Spencer)  Wortman,  natives 
of  West  Virginia  and  Ohio,  respectively.  The  father 
enlisted  in  the  Confederate  army  in  June,  1861,  and 
fought  in  Price's  army  all  through  the  conflict,  being 
in  many  battles  and  skirmishes  and  also  at  the  sur- 
render. He  was  sheriff  of  Daviess  county  when  the 
war  broke  out  and  he  was  elected  again  after  the  war 
was  over.  On  September  15,  1872,  he  died  from  the 
effects  of  bone  erysipelas.  The  mother  died  on  July 
4,  1876.  In  1873  our  subject  went  to  Douglas  county, 
Colorado,  but  returned  to  Missouri,  whence  he  again 
went  to  Colorado  and  remained  riding  the  range  until 
1889,  the  year  in  which  he  came  to  Latah,  Washing- 
ton. He  was  here  at  the  day  of  the  opening  of  the 
reservation,  November  18,  1895,  but  did  not  file  until 
the  twenty-ninth.  His  place  is  situated  on  the  Nez- 
perce and  Lewiston  wagon  road  and  is  well  fenced 
and  about  all  under  cultivation.  Mr.  Wortman  came 
here  with  but  little  property  and  is  now  a  prosperous 
and  substantial  agriculturist. 

On  April  i,  1889,  Mr.  Wortman  married  Miss 
Nancy  M.,  daughter  of  Hathaway  and  Nancy  Mas- 
terson.  They  lived  in  Carroll  county,  Missouri,  where 
Mrs.  Wortman  was  born  on  August  25,  1864.  The 
family  went  to  Benton  county,  Arkansas.  Mr.  Mas- 
terson  was  born  in  Kentucky  and  commenced  to  teach 
at  the  age  of  eighteen  and  continued  that  with  the 
work  of  the  ministry  in  the  Christian  church  until 
two  years  before  his  death  in  June,  1897,  being  then 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


aged  seventy-seven.  His  widow  now  lives  on  the  res- 
ervation in  her  seventy-fifth  year.  Mrs.  Wortman  is  a 
member  of  the  Christian  church. 


THEOPHILUS  F.  ROSSE  was  born  in  the  grand 
little  republic  of  Switzerland,  the  date  thereof  being 
October  28,  1859.  His  parents,  Joseph  and  Barbara 
(Berdat)  Rosse,  were  of  French  extraction  and  their 
home  was  in  France  until  Bonaparte  changed  the 
boundary  of  Switzerland.  The  father  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Delemont,  the  old  home  place  of  this  son, 
in  1804,  and  he  died  in  1873.  He  was  a  farmer  and 
served  as  a  cadet  under  Napoleon  Boneparte  in  1816. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  the  same  place 
in  1820  and  died  in  1863.  Theophilus  was  reared  on 
a  farm  and  gained  his  education  from  the  common 
schools.  He  learned  the  trade  of  making  confections 
and  fine  pastry  cooking.  He  was  favored  in  his  youth 
in  being  able  to  study  in  French  and  German  and 
speaks  those  languages  in  connection  with  the  Eng- 
lish. When  twenty-one  he  came  to  the  United  States 
and  from  New  York  he  sailed  to  Argentine  and  back 
as,  cook.  Next  he  cooked  on  a  steamer  on  lake  Michi- 
gan. Then  we  see  him  in  Minnesota  following  the 
fine  art  in  a  summer  hotel  on  lake  Osakias.  Conse- 
quent to  this  he  cooked  for  a  corps  of  Canadian  Pa- 
cific engineers  and  thus  traveled  all  over  the  country. 
He  took  land  in  Saskatchewan  and  held  it  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Indian  rebellion,  when  he  joined 
the  whites  and  received  a  wound  in  the  thigh.  This 
was  in  1885  and  soon  after  his  discharge  he  came  to 
Lane  county,  Oregon,  where  he  settled  to  farming  and 
stock  raising.  For  fourteen  years  Mr.  Rosse  did 
well  here  and  then  the  panic  of  1893  struck  the  coun- 
try and  he  was  financially  crippled  with  the  others. 
Then  he  came  to  the  reservation  and  leased  Indian 
land,  where  he  now  is,  three  and  one-half  miles  west 
from  Ilo,  since  which  time  he  has  done  well.  He  has 
re-leased  the  land  for  three  years  and  is  entering  still 
more  deeply  into  agricultural  pursuits. 

Mr.  Rosse  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters :  Joseph,  a  large  wholesale  merchant  in  France ; 
Julia  Frey,  Josephine  Fox,  Bridget  Bill,  all  in  Switz- 
erland; Mary  Schaub,  whose  husband  is  a  banker  in 
Buenos  Ayres,  Argentine.  Mr.  Rosse  is  a  Catholic 
and  adheres  to  the  Republican  party.  He  is  a  man  of 

the  community,  being  ever  allied  on  the  side  of  sub- 
stantial upbuilding  and  progress. 


ALBERT  WILLIAMS  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
farmers  who  have  settled  in  the  reservation  country 
and  have  made  it  a  very  attractive  and  pleasant  place 
to  live,  besides  making  it  one  of  the  most  valuable 
sections  of  the  state. 

Albert  Williams  was  born  in  Port  Hope,  Canada, 
in  June,  1851.  being  the  son  of  John  and  Fannie 
(Cobblde)  Williams.  The  father  was  born  in  Canada 


and  died  in  1864,  having  been  a  farmer.  The  mother 
was  a  native  of  England  and  died  in  1864.  Our  sub- 
ject was  thus  early  left  an  orphan  and  knew  some  of 
the  hardships  of  this  life  in  his  childhood.  He  con- 
tinued to  farm  the  old  home  place  until  1888,  then  he 
sold  it  and  came  to  Jacksonville,  Oregon,  where  he 
stayed  but  a  short  time.  The  next  move  was  to  Idaho, 
where  Mr.  Williams  bought  a  farm,  tilling  the  same 
until  the  reservation  opened  and  then  he  took  his  pres- 
ent place,  two  miles  southwest  from  Melrose.  He 
made  final  proof  of  this  place  in  1901  and  it  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  very  best  farms  in  the  vicinity.  Mr. 
Williams  has  a  fine  orchard,  a  commodious  barn  and 
is  about  to  erect  a  good  residence.  He  had  brothers 
and  sisters,  as  follows:  Elizabeth,  deceased,  Joseph, 
Benjamin,  William,  deceased,  Frances,  Harnett,  Zu- 
rina  Stephens  and  Simeon,  in  Canada.  Mr.  Williams 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church  and  is  a  man  of 

While  in  Canada,  'in  1884,  Mr.  Williams  married 
Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Godfrey  Robinson,  a  farmer. 
One  child  has  been  born  to  this  union,  Sarah  B.,  now 
fourteen  years  old. 


JEFFERSON  DAVIS  HENDREN.  We  wish  to 
especially  mention  the  subject  of  this  sketch  in  the 
history  of  Nez  Perces  county,  as  he  has  been  well 
known  in  the  eastern  part  as  a  man  of  strong  character 
and  determination,  and  has  led  a  remarkable  career  as 
an  officer  of  justice,  always  accomplishing  the  danger- 
ous and  trying  tasks  in  his  service  as  deputy  sheriff, 
even  capturing  noted  criminals  and  handling  them 
without  irons,  when  others  were  killed  in  the  attempt. 
Also  in  the  seventeen  years  of  his  stay  in  these  sec- 
tions, Mr.  Hendren  has  shown  true  qualities  of  integ- 
rity, uprightness  and  honor  and  his  friends  are  num- 
bered from  every  quarter. 

Mr.  Hendren  was  born  in  Arkansas,  on  July  29, 
1861,  being  the  son  of  William  H.  and  Elizabeth  W. 
(Bates)  Hendren.  The  father  was  born  in  1834,  in 
Wilkes  county,  North  Carolina,  fought  through  the 
Civil  war  as  captain  under  Price  and  experienced  some 
thrilling  times.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Georgia  in  1833  an<l  ner  parents  were  also  natives  of 
that  state.  Mr.  W.  H.  Hendren  and  his  wife  still  live 
on  the  home  place  in  Arkansas.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated and  reared  in  Arkansas,  then  followed  stock  busi- 
ness in  Nebraska  and  Montana  until  twenty-three,  at 
which  time  he  visited  home  again  and  then  came  to 
Camas  prairie,  where  he  located  and  took  up  stock 
raising.  Since  then  he  has  more  or  less  devoted  him- 
self to  this  and  is  now  handling  a  livery  business  in 
Kamiah,  where  he  is  successful.  Mr.  Hendren  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  John  J.,  William  I., 
James  E.,  Evan  L.,  Robert  L.,  Napoleon  P.,  Albert  M., 
John  T.,  Julia  A.  Bates,  Frances  P.  Austin,  Lizzie 
Vandevanter  and  Lottie.  Mr.  Hendren  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Clearwater  Lodge  No.  68,  at  Mt. 
Idaho;  of  the  Encampment,  No.  18;  and  he  and  his 
wife  belong  to  the  Rebekahs. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  June  6,  1883,  Mr.  Hendren  married  Miss  Mar- 
tha J.,  daughter  of  William  B.  and  Jane  (Caughron) 
Austin,  of  Benton  county,  Arkansas,  and  on  February 
8,  1887,  on  Camas  prairie,  aged  thirty-two,  Mrs. 
Hendren  was  called  from  her  home  by  death  and  left 
five  children,  Berna  and  Bertha,  twin  girls,  George 
S.,  Mabel  and  Earl.  In  March,  1902,  Mr.  Hendren 
contracted  a  second  marriage,  Mrs.  Mattie  D.  Mont- 
gomery then  becoming  his  wife.  Her  parents  are 
Joseph  and  Nancy  J.  McKinney,  residents  of  Camas 

prominent  in  political  matters,  being  a  Democrat,  and 
also  in  Oregon  he  was  one  of  the  leading  men,  being 
a  heavy  stock  raiser  and  dealer.  Mrs.  Hendren  was 
born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  on  October  24,  1870, 
and  has  two  brothers  and  seven  sisters,  William  and 
John,  Annie,  Clara  Springer,  Etta,  Orpha  Powell, 
Ollie  Lieuellen,  Rose  Bush  and  Bertha  Bryant.  By 
her  former  husband  Mrs.  Henderson  has  two  chil- 
dren, Francis  R.  and  Ida  M.  Montgomery. 

In  the  political  field,  Mr.  Hendren  is  both  popular 
and  prominent,  being  at  the  county  and  state  conven- 
tions at  almost  every  sitting  and  a  man  of  influence  in 
these  capacities  as  well  as  in  his  home  position.  Mr. 
Hendren  was  deputy  sheriff  for  six  years  in  Idaho 
county  and  county  assessor  there  for  one  term,  being 
deputy  for  four  years  in  addition.  Although  the 
county  was  Republican,  still  he  secured  a  majority  of 
twenty-six  at  the  time  of  his  election.  When  deputy 
sheriff,  Mr.  Hendren  captured  the  noted  Oregon  des- 
perado who  had  killed  two  men  in  Oregon.  He  caught 
his  mar.  on  the  Salmon  and  took  him  forty-five  miles 


CHARLES  W.  HEBERLY.  Being  here  at  the 
very  day  the  reservation  was  opened,  and  owing  to 
his  excellent  enterprise  and  keen  judgment,  Mr.  Heb- 
erly  secured  one  of  the  most  valuable  ranches  in  Nez 
Perces  county,  being  located  three  miles  west  from 
Nezperce  and  on  the  main  Lewiston  road.  His  land 
all  lies  well,  is  very  fertile  and  plentifully  watered,  while 
the  valuable  improvements  which  he  has  added  from 
time  to  time  since,  by  dint  of  hard  labor  and  wise  man- 
agement, have  doubly  enhanced  its  value.  The  an- 
nual returns  in  crops  make  a  fine  dividend  and  Mr. 
Heberly  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  substantial  men 
of  the  community. 

Charles  W.  Heberly  was  born  in  Mineral  county, 
West  Virginia,  on  September  25,  1867,  being  the  son 
of  Charles  G.  and  Margaret  C.  Heberly,  natives  of 
Germany  and  West  Virginia,  respectively.  Mr. 
Heberly  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Caroline  Hollen,  who  was 
born  on  February  25,  1866,  and  is  now  living  in  Mays- 
ville,  Grant  county,  West  Virginia.  The  father  of  our 
subject,  who  was  living  in  Illinois  at  the  time  of  the 
Civil  war,  enlisted  in  the  Second  Illinois  Light  Artil- 
lery, and  served  all  through  the  war,  being  in  many 
battles  and  skirmishes.  He  was  wounded  and  also 
languished  in  one  of  the  horrible  prisons.  Being  hon- 
orably discharged,  he  returned  to  West  Virginia  and 
later  went  to  Maryland,  where  he  died  in  1870  from  the 


effects  of  a  wound  received  in  the  war.  Our  subject 
remained  at  home  with  his  mother,  gaining  his  educa- 
tion from  the  common  schools,  until  he  was  sixteen, 
when  he  started  in  life  for  himself.  At  this  time  he 
had  no  money  and  he  commenced  work  for  a  salary. 
In  1887  he  went  to  York  county,  Nebraska,  and  one 
year  later  came  to  Moscow.  He  was  variously  em- 
ployed on  a  farm  and  the  railroad  and  otherwise  until 
the  opening  of  the  reservation,  as  stated  above,  and 
then  he  secured  his  present  place,  where  he  has  wrought 
since.  Mr.  Heberly  had  but  little  financial  means  when 
he  landed  here  and  the  goodly  holding  he  now  has  is 
the  result  of  his  excellent  labor  and  thrift.  He  also 
owns  shares  in  the  Farmers'  Grain  Company.  Mr. 
Heberly's  mother  is  living  with  his  sister  in  Maysville, 
West  Virginia,  aged  sixty-one.  Our  subject  has  never 
launched  on  the  sea  of  matrimony  but  is  still  enjoying 
the  seclusion  of  his  bachelor  home.  He  is  respected 
and  is  of  good  standing. 


FRANK  CHANDLER.  Three  miles  west  from 
Nezperce  lies  the  well  tilled  and  valuable  farm  of  the 
subject  of  this  article.  This  land  was  taken  as  a  home- 
stead in  1897,  being  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres, 
and  since  that  time  Mr.  Chandler  has  devoted  himself 
in  an  industrious  manner  to  its  improvement  and  cul- 
ture, having  been  favored  with  good  success  in  these 
efforts. 

Frank  Chandler  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  April  22, 
1867,  being  the  son  of  Sireno  and  Laura  (Tillotson) 
Chandler,  natives  of  Maine  and  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, respectively.  The  former  died  at  Sioux  Falls, 
South  Dakota,  in  190x3,  aged  sixty-four,  and  the  latter 
in  May,  1881,  aged  forty-five.  Frank  was  reared  on 
a  farm  and  was  a  regular  attendant  at  the  district  school 
until  seventeen  and  then  he  started  in  life  for  himself. 
Three  years  were  spent  in  various  employment '  in 
Minnesota  and  thence  he  migrated  to  Coleridge,  Ne- 
braska, where  he  operated  a  dray  line  for  eight  years. 
From  that  locality  Mr.  Chandler  came  to  his  present 
place  and  his  labors  have  been  dispensed  with  wisdom 
in  building  the  improvements  and  in  cultivation  of  his 
farm.  He  raises  wheat,  oats,  flax  and  barley,  also  a 
good  orchard  and  pays  considerable  attention  to  raising 
stock.  He  has  some  well  bred  Berkshire  hogs,  a  sev- 
en-eighths Shire  stallion  and  other  animals. 

Mr.  Chandler  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters :  George,  at  Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota ;  Midas, 
in  Minnesota :  Clemma,  wife  of  L.  S.  Nelson ;  Olive, 
wife  of  Ed  Cooper;  Gertrude,  wife  of  Will  Becker, 
all  residing  in  Minnesota,  and  Carrie,  wife  of  John 
Watkins,  residing  in  Iowa.  Mr.  Chandler's  father 
was  in  the  Civil  war  for  three  years. 

At  Coleridge,  Nebraska,  on  December  26.  1887, 
Mr.  Chandler  married  Miss  Hallie  M.,  daughter  of 
Henry  L.  and  Elnora  (Hakes)  Beach.  The  parents 
were  natives  of  Illinois  and  came  as  pioneers  to  Min- 
nesota, Iowa,  and  finally  to  Nebraska.  Mr.  Chandler 
was  born  in  Illinois,  on  January  30,  1868,  and  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters :  Virgil  E.,  Ros- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


coe  W..  Charles,  all  in  Iowa;  Vernie,  with  parents  in 
Nebraska;  Orpha,  wife  of  W.  H.  Needham;  Rose, 
wife  of  Bert  S.  Baker,  at  Palouse,  Washington.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Chandler  have  two  children.  Lee  and  Ger- 
trude. 


LOREN  L.  HAYNES.  Among  the  younger 
men  of  Nez  Perces  county,  there  is  none  more  popular 
nor  of  better  standing  than  the  energetic,  stirring  and 
capable  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this 
article. 

Mr.  Haynes  was  born  in  Adair  county,  Iowa,  on 
July  14.  1873,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Clara 
(Polk)  Haynes.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in 
Ross  county,  Ohio,  in  1841.  He  lives  in  Iowa  and  is 
a  man  of  much  influence  in  his  state,  being  an  aggres- 
sive Democrat  of  ability.  The  mother  was  born  in  In- 
diana and  died  when  Loren  was  four  years  of  age. 
His  maternal  grandmother  is  still  living,  aged  eighty- 
eight.  Loren  L.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  then  finished  at  the  Capitol  City  Commercial  Col- 
lege of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  after  which  he  took  a  course 
at  the  Iowa  College  of  Law,  graduating  with  honors ; 
he  came  to  Lewiston  in  1894  and  there  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law,  associating  himself  in  a  partnership 
with  Judge  Jasper  Rand,  the  oldest  practitioner  in  the 
state.  For  three  years  Mr.  Haynes  did  good  work  at 
the  bar  and  then  determined  to  retire  from  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  and  accordingly  removed  to  the  farm  where 
he  now  lives,  three  miles  east  from  Lewiston.  He 
owns  four  hundred  acres  of  good  land  and  he  is  one  of 
the  most  enterprising  fruit  raisers  of  the  county. 

In  January,  1897,  Mr.  Haynes  married  Miss  Abbie, 
adopted  daughter  of  Judge  Rand.  Mrs.  Haynes  is 
an  only  child  and  was  born  in  Lewiston,  in  January, 
1880.  Mr.  Haynes  has  one  brother,  Farris,  who  is 
a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  in  Iowa.  To  the  happy  home 
of 'Mr.  Haynes  there  have  come  as  the  fruit  of  the 
marriage  three  children.  Austin,  Hester  and  Clara. 
Mr.  Haynes  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  of  the 
K.  of  P.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  is  influential 
and  active  in  this  realm.  He  has  never  sought  personal 
preferment,  but  has  done  much  for  his  party.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  National  Democratic  convention  in 
1896  and  has  attended  a  number  of  national  conven- 
tions. Mr.  Haynes  had  an  uncle  in  both  the  Mexican 
and  the  Civil  wars.  Mr.  Haynes  is  an  advocate  of 
good  government,  especially  a  devotee  of  good  schools 
and  he  is  always  arrayed  on  the  side  of  progress.  Mr. 
Haynes  has  done  well  in  handling  his  business  affairs 
and  has  a  good  dividend  paying  orchard. 


HENRY  T.  SUMMERS.  A  good,  substantial 
man,  a  wise  and  industrious  farmer,  whose  labors  have 
brought  abundant  success  to  him,  a  patriotic  citizen 
and  a  true  and  loyal  friend,  it  is  fitting  that  we  should 
grant  representation  to  Mr.  Summers  in  the  history  of 
his  county. 

Henry  T.  Summers  was  born  in  Vernon  county, 


Missouri,  on  February  i,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Allen 
and  Elizabeth  (Wright)  Summers,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky, dying  in  1849  and  1859,  respectively.  The 
father  was  one  of  the  first  to  settle  in  Vernon  county 
and  his  son,  Harclin,  was  the  first  white  child  born 
there.  As  the  parents  died  when  Henry  was  young, 
he  was  raised  by  his  eldest  brother,  where  he  remained 
until  twenty.  His  first  labor  for  himself  was  to  herd 
and  drive  cattle  and  feed  them  in  the  winter,  and  for 
five  years  he  continued  with  one  man,  and  then  he 
bought  a  farm  and  settled  to  tilling  it.  In  1887  he  came 
to  Latah  county,  purchased  land  near  Vollmer  and 
there  and  in  Whitman  county  he  farmed  until  the 
opening  of  the  reservation,  when  he  was  the  second 
man  to  file  in  township  thirty-five.  His  farm  is  two 
miles  due  south  of  Melrose,  is  fertile  land  and  im- 
proved with  a  skillful  and  thrifty  hand.  Mr.  Sum- 
mers has  a  good  house,  barn  and  orchard  and  other  im- 
provements in  proportion.  He  threshed  ithirty-five 
hundred  bushels  of  grain  from  his  ranch  this  year,  in 
addition  to  the  hay  put  up  for  all  his  stock.  Mr.  Sum- 
mers also  operates  a  threshing  outfit  and  is  a  business 
man  in  every  respect. 

In  Missouri,  in  1868,  Mr.  Summers  married  Miss 
Phoebe  C,  daughter  of  Delilah  Reed,  and  to  them  four 
children  have  been  born,  Delilah,  wife  of  John  W. 
Sect,  in  Whitman  county;  Lee,  in  this  county;  Flor- 
ence Hill,  in  Kendrick ;  Charles,  in  Nez  Perces  county. 
Mrs.  Summers  was  born  in  Indiana,  on  September 
20,  1845,  and  has  one  sister,  Manilla  Arnold,  in  St. 
Louis;  also  she  has  two  half  sisters  and  five  half 
brothers.  Mr.  Summers  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  Moses,  John,  Julia  Daniels;  he 
has  also  six  brothers  and  one  sister  dead.  Mr.  Sum- 
mers is  a  Democrat  and  always  takes  the  part  of  the 
intelligent  citizen.  He  lias  been  trustee  of  the  school 
and  is  an  advocate  of  the  best  of  schools  and  is  will- 
ing to  pay  the  price  of  the  same.  He  is  an  elder  in  the 
Christian  church  at  Melrose  and  an  active  worker  in 
the  support  of  the  faith,  and  he  is  respected  and  es- 
teemed by  all  who  know  him. 


CHARLES  M.  FRYE.  It  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  are  privileged  to  recount  the  career  of  the  intelli- 
gent and  industrious  young  farmer  and  agriculturist 
named  above.  He  was  born  in  Illinois,  on  November  30, 
1875,  being  the  son  of  Abraham  A.  and  Ruth  (Brooks) 
Frye.  The  father  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  died 
in  Nez  Perces  county  in  January,  1895.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Kentucky  and  still  lives  in  this  county. 
Our  subject  came  to  Moscow  with  his  parents  in  1878 
and  there  received  his  educational  training.  His 
father  bought  eighty  acres  on  the  present  site  of  Mos- 
cow and  started  a  livery  and  feed  stable.  He  built  the 
Star  stable  and  also  operated  a  hotel.  He  bought  land 
around  Moscow  and  in  1894  sold  to  Latah  county  the 
farm  now  used  as  the  poor  farm.  Then  he  removed  to 
the  place  where  our  subject  now  lives,  four  miles  north- 
east from  Lewiston,  and  that  has  been  the  family  home 

e  that  time.    After  the  father's  death  Charles  took 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


charge  of  the  farm  and  now,  in  connection  with  his 
brother,  he  is  farming  the  land  and  raising  stock.  They 
do  a  genaral  farming  business,  raise  all  crops  that  do 
well  in  this  section,  handle  cattle,  hogs,  sheep  and 
horses,  and  are  prosperous  and  well-to-do  citizens  of 
the  county. 

On  December  21,  1898,  Mr.  Frye  married  Miss 
Nettie,  daughter  of  John  and  Ida  (Strong)  Miller. 
The  father,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  is  a  miller 
by  trade  and  is  now  operating  a  mill  at  Dublin,  Idaho. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Illinois.  Mrs.  Frye  was  born 
in  Lewiston,  in  1879,  and  has  two  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  Iva..  Veva,  Earl,  Frank.  Mr.  Frye  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters :  Thomas,  Will- 
iam, Abram  A.,  Walter,  Bertha  Bell  and  Pearl  Gard- 
ner. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frye  two  children  have  been 

fluential  Republican  and  is  ever  on  the  side  of  progress, 
both  in  schools  and  government.  He  had  one  uncle, 
Mr.  Brooks,  in  the  Civil  war. 


THOMAS  C.  MOXLEY,  who  is  now  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  Nez  Perces  county,  has  had  a  very  act- 
ive and  stirring  career,  and  he  is  deserving  of  a  place 
in  the  history  of  his  county.  He  was  born  in  Wheelers- 
burg,  Scioto'  county,  Ohio,  on  December  10,  1840,  be- 
ing the  son  of  Thomas  S.  and  Susanna  (McConnell) 
Moxiev.  The  father  was  a  physician, 'born  in  Orange 
county,  Vermont,  in  1808,  and  died  in  November, 
1880.'  He  was  a  graduate  of  Woodstock  Medical  Col- 
lege, in  Vermont,  and  his  father  was  also  a  physician. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ports'mouth, 
Ohio,  in  1810,  and  died  in  1889.  Her  father,  John  Mc- 
Connell, settled  in  Portsmouth  in  1.802,  being  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  that  country.  Thomas  C.  worked  at  home 
and  attended  the  schools  of  his  town  until  fifteen  and 
then  managed  a  farm  that  his  parents  purchased.  On 
April  6,  1861,  he  left  home  and  came,  via  Panama,  to 
California,  landing  in  San  Francisco  on  May  5,  1861, 
and  there  learned  of  the  outbreak  of  hostilities.  He  had 
seven  dollars  and  fifty  cents  and  at  once  went  to  work 
for  Mr.  Coffin,  a  prominent  man  in  Oregon,  whence 
our  subject  went.  He  was  employed  in  taking  supplies 
to  tbe  soldiers  who  were  guarding  the  immigrants  from 
the  Indians.  He  assisted  to  build  a  wagon  road  from 
Umatilla  county  to  the  Grande  Ronde  valley,  then 
went  to  Portland  and  was  appointed  assistant  farmer 
at  the  Lapwai  agency,  under  Agent  Charles  Hutchins, 
in  1862.  He  was  retained  until  1863,  then  went  to  Walla 
-Walla  to  file  on  the  townsite  of  Boise,  but  was  a  little 
too  late.  He  then  went  to  Lapwai  and  thence  to  the 
Flat  Head  agency  as  farmer  for  Mr.  Hutchins,  remain- 
ing until  1866.  He  then  visited  Helena  and  Fort  Ben- 
ton,  embarking  there  for  Ohio.  Next  we  see  him  in 
Illinois,  where  he  bought  a  farm  near  Xenia,  and  on 
March  i,  1867,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Goult.  To  them 
were  born  three  children,  King,  deceased,  Myrtle  (now 
Mrs.  F.  S.  Curtiss)  and  Charles,  married,  Sep- 
tember TO.  1 902,  to  Miss  Sadie  Cochrane,  of  Liv- 
ingston, Montana.  He  sold  his  farm  and  came  to 


the    Flat     Head    ag 


far 


ead    agency    and    acted 

for  McCormick.  His  wife  became  dissatisfied  with 
this  and  they  came  with  ox  teams  to  Omaha, 
where  he  bought  a  farm.  In  1872  he  and  his  brother 
John  came  to  Sidney,  Cheyenne,  Ogden,  Helena,  and 
thence  across  the  mountains  afoot  to  Lewiston.  They 
•arrived  in  July,  1873,  and  at  once  went  to  work  with 
the  corps  of  surveyors  who  were  running  the  boundary 
line  between  Idaho  and  Washington.  Later  he  worked 
as  carpenter  and  cook  for  the  Catholic  mission  for 
Captain  Williams.  Here  he  learned  of  the  death  of  his 
wife  in  Ohio,  and  returning  to  that  country,  he  settled 
his  affairs  and  on  April  7,  1875,  married  Miss  Mary  C., 
daughter  of  Hiram  and  Zerilda  (Thomas)  Wilson, 
natives  of  New  Jersey  and  Kentucky.  The  father  was 
born  in  1817  and  died  in  1899.  Mrs.  Moxley  was  born 
in  Scioto  county,  Ohio,  in  1849,  ancl  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters  :  Katherine  Long,  Angeline  West, 
deceased,  Mairtha  West,  John,  Virginia,  Charles,  M.  D., 
Sarah  Dewey,  Thornton,  Sele,  Elizabeth,  Florence 
Rapp.  deceased,  and  George.  Mr.  Moxley  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters:  Marcellus  K.,  a 
surgeon  through  the  entire  war,  now  deceased; 
Frances  M.,  John  O.,  Jr.,  M.  D.;  Anna,  deceased. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moxley  there  have  been  born 
eight  children,  Thomas,  deceased,  Virginia,  at 
home,  Robert,  deceased,  John  Q.,  Florence,  Jessie, 
Minnie,  Thornton.  After  his  second  marriage 
Mr.  Moxley  came  to  Utah,  bringing  his  wife, 
aged  parents,  two  sisters  and  two  children.  Then  he 
came  to  Lewiston  and  for  two  years  wrought  in  the 
mines  and  came  out,  to  use  his  trite  expression, 
"busted."  In  1877  he  sold  his  possessions  and  went  to 
market  gardening,  in  which  he  did  well.  He  bought 
a  small  tract  of  land,  later  he  took  a  pre-emption, 
which  he  sold,  and  then  he  took  up  the  homestead  and 
tree  culture  claim  where  he  now  lives,  three  miles 
northeast  from  Lewiston,  having  a  fine  farm  of  one- 
half  section.  He  raises  much  fruit  and  also  handles 
stock.  Mr.  Moxley  also  owns  town  property  in  Lewis- 
ton.  He  is  an  active  Republican.  Mr.  Moxley  always 
strives  for  good  government  and  schools  and  is  a  de- 
votee of  progress.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer  As- 
sociation. 


JAMES  M.  CHASTEEN.  In  a  number  of  dis- 
tinct lines  of  labor,  the  gentleman  whose  name  initi- 
ates this  paragraph  has  won  both  success  and  distinc- 
tion. In  addition  to  handling  a  fine  farm  about,  three 
miles  southeast  from  Russell,  Mr.  Chasteen  operates  a 
good  threshing  outfit,  ancl  then  regularly  on  each 
Sunday  he  preaches',  being  a  devout  member  of  the 
Christian  church. 

James  M.  Chasteen  was  born  in  Bossier  parish, 
Louisiana,  on  October  16,  1865,  being  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Martha  (McCuIland)  Chasteen.  The 
father  was  a  millwright,  born  in  Knox  county,  Ten- 
nessee, in  1816.  and  cl'ied  November  5,  1901.  O'ur  sub- 
ject's grandfather,  Raney  Chasteen",  was  one  of  the 
very  first  settlers  in  Knox  county.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1839  and  died 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


on  February  19,  1882.  Her  parents  were  born  in 
Scotland  and  came  to  this  county  in  their  youth.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  in 
the  university  at  Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  in  Washington 
county,  in  which  state  his  parents  had  settled  when 
he  was  fourteen.  When  twenty-one  our  subject  en- 
gaged as  engineer  on  the  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco 
Railroad,  having  learned  the  art  of  driving  an  engine 
in  his  father's  saw-mill.  Four  years,  later  Mr.  Chas- 
teen  came  to  Whitman  county,  Washington,  settling 
near  Garfield  and  following  engineering  until  1899, 
when  he  came  to  his  present  place.  He  purchased  the 
home  farm,  which  is  a  good  estate,  and  to  the  cultiva- 
tion and  improvement  of  which  Mr.  Chasteen  has  de- 
voted energy  and  skill. 

In  1897"  Mr.  Chasteen  began  preaching,  his  first 
pastorate  being  the  Eden  Valley  congregation  near 
Palouse.  He  has  continued  at  this  labor  of  spreading 
the  gospel  since  that  time,  although  he  has  also  at- 
tended to  business  affairs.  The  Eden  Valley  congrega- 
tion is  the  first  one  of  Disciples  in  the  Palouse  country. 
In  connection  with  ministering  to  this  congregation, 
he  preached  at  Pine  City  and  after  two  years  of  steady 
pastorate  labor  he  took  up  the  work  of  the  evangelist. 
It  is  also  very  pleasant  in  this  connection  to  note  the 
self-denial  and  devotedness  of  Mrs.  Chasteen,  who 
willingly  superintends  the  farm  and  the  business  af- 
fairs while  her  husband  is  called  to  remote  sections  in 
evangelical  work. 

In  Washington  county,  Arkansas,  in  1886,  Mr. 
Chasteen  married  Naomi  Trowbridge,  who  died  on 
August  28,  1896,  leaving  two  children,  Arthur  and 
Ray.  Mr.  Chasteen  married  a  second  time,  the  date 
being  November  6,  1899,  and  the  lady,  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Joseph  and  Emily  Ringo.  The  nuptials  occurred 
in  Whitman  county,  where  her  parents  now  live,  they 
being  natives  of  Illinois.  Mrs.  Chasteen  was  born  in 
the  Willamette  valley  in  1875,  and  has  two  brothers 
and  six  sisters.  Mr.  Chasteen  has  five  brothers,  Ed- 
ward, Thomas,  John,  Robert,  Charles.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Chasteen  there  has  been  born  one  son,  Roy. 
Mr.  Chasteen  was  elected  sheriff  of  Washington 
county,  Arkansas,  on  the  Prohibition  ticket,  but  re- 
fused" to  qualify.  He  is  a  Prohibitionist  in  political 
matters  and  a  zealous  advocate  of  good  schools.  Mr. 
Chasteen  is  to  be  credited  with  much  labor  and  effort 
put  forth  in  this  section  of  the  country  for  the  spir- 
itual welfare  of  the  people,  he  having  been  among  the 
very  first  preachers  to  come  to  the  reservation  country. 
He  is  an  upright  man,  respected  by  his  neighbors  and 
beloved  by  all  those  who  know  him  best,  and  his  faith- 
ful life  is  one  of  the  best  parts  of  his  Christian  tes- 
timony. 


RICHARD  WELLS.  This  venerable  citizen  of 
Nez  Perces  county  is  one  of  the  deserving  pioneers 
of  the  west  and  at  least  two  states  have  profited  by 
his  worthy  labors  in  development  in  the  early  days 
on  the  coast,  while  in  the  eastern  part  of  our  country 
he  also  did  good  work  in  two  or  more  states. 

Richard  Wells  was  born  in  Harrison  county,  Ohio, 


on  July  10,  1824,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Nancy 
Wells.'  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Virginia  in 
1810  and  died  in  1890.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio 
and  died  in  1847.  Our  subject  remained  at  home  un- 
til he  was  twenty-two  and  then  came  with  his  parents 
to  Illinois.  There  he  remained  until  1864,  paying  at- 
tention to  tilling  the  soil.  Then  he  took  tea'ms  and 
made  the  weary  journey  >across  the  plains  to  Oregon. 
He  bought  land  in  Qackamas  county  and  farmed  it 
for  five  years  and  then  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of 
Walla  Walla  and  there  he  farmed  for  ten  years  and 
did  well.  Then  he  decided  to  seek  range  for 'stock  and 
accordingly  came  to  Tammany  Hollow  and  took  land 
where  he  owns  three  hundred  and  sixty  acres  at  the 
present  time.  He  handles  stock  and  has  more  or  less 
since  coming  here  and  also  does  a  general  farming 
business,  raising  wheat  and  barley  principally.  His 
stock  was  horses  mostly,  and  of  late  years  he  has  re- 
tired more  from  active  business  to  enjoy  the  compe- 
tence which  his  industry  has  provided. 

On  June  10,  1848,  in  Pike  county,  Illinois,  Mr. 
Wells  married  Miss  Sallie  M.,  daughter  of  Barnett 
and  Cornelia  (Kiser)  Wilsey,  natives  of  New  York. 
Mrs.  Wells  was  born  in  New  York,  in  1823,  October 
25,  and  she  has  the  following  named  brothers, 
Jahes  T.,  in  Illinois ;  John  J.,  in  Missouri ; 
William,  in  Kansas.  Mr.  Wells  has  two  brothers, 
Benjamin,  in  Illinois;  Albert,  at  Pittsfield;  Illinois, 
and  he  was  a  participant  in  the  Civil  war,  serving 
throughout  the  entire  struggle.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wells  there  have  been  born  five  children,  Louise 
Wishard,  at  Peck ;  Sarah  M. ;  Almira  M. ;  Jane  Knight, 
at  Moscow;  Butler,  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wells  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church.  He 
is  a  Democrat  and  manifests  an  intelligent  interest  in 
the  affairs  of  government.  Mr.  Wells  has  always 
labored  for  good  schools  and  is  a  warm  advocate  of 
progress  in  all  lines.  He  was  here  in  the  time  of  the 
Nez  Perces  war  and  remained  at  home  on  the  ranch. 


MILO  H.  ADAMS  is  a  man  of  great  experience 
in  the  business  world  and  also  on  the  frontier  and  is 
now  one  of  the  highly  respected  and  capable  farmers 
near  Nezperce.  He  was  born  in  Kempville,  Canada, 
on  March  9.  1834,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Sarah 
(Barton)  Adams.  The  grandfather  of  our  subject  was 
a  relative  of  President  John  Adams  and  fought  all 
through  the  Revolution,  then  moved  to  Canada,  where 
the  father  of  Milo  was  born.  In  1840  our  subject 
came  with  his  father  to  Fort  Madison,  in  Iowa,  at  that 
time  a  territory.  Later,  in  1842,  they  were  where  Des 
Moines  now  stands,  it  being  then  called  Raccoon  Forks. 
In  1854  Mr.  Adams  came  with  an  ox  team  to  Cali- 
fornia and  mined  for  some  time,  then  returned  via 
Panama  and  New  York.  He  moved  to  Wapello 
county  and  on  September  23,  1858,  Mr.  Adams  mar- 
ried Lucy  Woodruff.  He  then  moved  to  Shelby 
county,  Iowa,  where  he  was  elected  treasurer  on  the 
Republican  ticket,  although  the  county  went  Demo- 
cratic. In  1860  he  took  a  trip  with  his  wife  across  the 


RICHARD  WELLS. 


MRS  RICHARD  WELLS. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


plains  in  an  ox  train  to  Denver.  Returning  to  Shelby 
county,  they  remained  there  until  1870,  when  he  went 
to  Pottawattamie  county.  There  he  was  elected  the 
first  mayor  of  Avoca  and  served  four  years.  In  1872 
Mr.  Adams  went  to  Texas  and  took  a  large  tie  con- 
tract on  the  Texas  Pacific.  In  1880,  on  account  of 
failing  health,  he  went  to  Fremont  county,  Idaho.  Re- 
gaining his  health,  he  removed  to  the  coast  and  bought 
a  drove  of  cattle  for  an  Avoca'  firm.  He  drove  them 
through  to  Avoca  and  returned  to  Portland  with 
twenty  men.  coming  via  San  Francisco.  He  bought 
four  thousand  cattle  and  drove  them  all  to  Avoca.  In 
1882  Mr.  Adams  removed  his  family  to  southern  Idaho 
and  was  the  county  surveyor  of  Fremont  county,  Idaho, 
for  two  years.  In  the  fail  of  1895  Mr.  Adams  came  to 
the  reservation  and  secured  one  hundred  acres 
where  he  now  lives,  about  two  miles  west  from  Nez- 
perces.  He  has  a  choice  piece  of  land  and  it  is  well 
improved.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
Adams  and  his  worthy  helpmate,  Elpha,  deceased; 
Lenna  A.,  wife  of  R.  C."  Halliday,  of  the  Grand  Hotel, 
Spokane;  Florence  E.,  wife  of  W.  T.  Johnson,  a 
farmer  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Sarah  E.,  deceased  ;  Roy 
W.,  married  to  Grace  Day,  living  on  the  reservation. 
Mr.  Adams  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  at  Nez- 
perce.  He  is  a  spirited  and  public-minded  citizen  and 
is  enjoying  the  golden  years  of  his  life  in  his  quiet 
western  home. 


ANDREW  HUBER.  While  the  subject  of  this  ar- 

ers  of  the  reservation  country,  living  about  one  mile 
west  from  Nezperce,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  and  progressive  farmers  of  the  section,  still 
in  military  matters  he  doubtless  has  a  record  which 
places  hini  clear  in  advance  of  any  other  portion  of  his 
life's  work.  Few  men  have  the  opportunity  to  re- 
count personal  experiences  as  has  Mr.  Huber.  He  en- 
listed in  the  regular  army  of  Germany  in  1864;  in 
1866  the  war  with  Prussia  broke  out  a'nd  he  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Kissengen,  Holzkirchansen  and 
Wurzburg,  besides  several  others  and  many  skirmishes. 
When  it  is  understood  that  the  war  continued  but  six 
months  it  will  be  seen  that  he  was  excessively  active. 
Retiring  from  that,  he  went  to  work  at  the' miller's 
trade,  although  still  a  soldier.  In  July,  1870,  came 
the  call,  when  the  Franco-Russian  war  broke  out. 
This  conflict  lasted  one  year  and  Mr.  Huber  fought 
in  nineteen  principal  battles.  In  the  battle  of  Weisen- 
burg,  his  company  numbered  two  hundred  and  forty, 
and  all  but  twenty-six  were  wounded  or  killed.  He  re- 
ceived a  bayonet'  wound  in  the  neck,  which  kept  him 
in  the  hospital  six  days,  and  thus  he  lost  the  oppor- 
tunity of  participating  in  one  of  the  leading  battles. 
Mr.  Huber  was  under  General  Van  Tann,  one  of  the 
leading  commanders  of  that  war.  Following  this  war, 
Mr.  Huber  again  worked  at  his  trade  and  in  1883  he 
came  to  the  United  States,  shipping  from  Hamburg; 
after  landing  in  New  York  he  went  to  Washington 
to  associate  with  a  friend,  where  he  learned  English. 
Thence  he  went  to  German  City,  Michigan,  and  was 


married  to  Miss  Carrie  Luger,  on  October  5,  1884.  She 
was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  and  was  left  an  orphan 
when  an  infant ;  during  her  youth  she  lived  in  Germany, 
Switzerland  and  France.  In  1882  she  came  from  Paris 
to  New  York  city  and  there  had  the  care  of  children 
for  two  years,  "in  1887  Mr.  Huber  came  with  his 
family  to' the  vicinity  of  Moscow  and  followed  farm- 
ing, in  which  he  was  "not  very  successful.  On  the  noted 
November  18,  1895,  he  was  on  the  ground  and  secured 
his  valuable  place,  which  in  addition  to  its  fertility  pos- 
sesses plenty  of  fine  spring  water.  He  has  improved 
it  in  excellent  shape  and  is  one  of  the  skilled  tillers  of 
the  soil.  He  hauled  his  initial  crops  to  Lewiston  and 
the  first  years  were  hard  ones.  He  and  his  wife  belong 
to  the  Catholic  church  in  Nezperce.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  this  household,  Joanna,  John  Will- 
iam and  Mary  Magdalene.  Mr.  Huber  was  born  in 
Bavaria,  July "24,  1842,  being  the  son  of  Michael  and 
Mary  Huber.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
and  was  apprenticed  to  a  miller  when  he  was  thirteen. 


ELMER  D.  NICHOLS  is  one  of  the  younger  men 
of  Nez  Perces  county,  but  is  also  one  of  the  pioneers, 
having  come  here  with  his  parents  when  he  was  but  one 
year  of  age,  thus  spending  his  life  largely  within  its 
precincts  and  always  being  one  of  the  men  whose  la- 
bors  have  resulted  in  the  upbuilding  and  advancement 
of  Nez  Perces  county. 

Elmer  D.  Nichols  was  born  in  Albany,  Linn  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  on  May  22,  1875,  being  the  son  of  George 
and  Amanda  (Rosecrans)  Nichols.  The  father  was 
born  in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wisconsin,  on  October  12,  1850, 
and  died  in  1887.  He  farmed,  then  taught  school  for 
ten  years  and  then  practiced  medicine  and  farmed  until 
the  time  of  his  death.  The  mother  was  born  in  Wis- 
consin on  April  29,  1852,  and  now  lives  in  Latah  coun- 
ty. Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  Nez  Perces  county,  in  that  portion  which  is  now 
Latah  county,  and  also  spent  one  year  in  Clairmont  Col- 
lege, in  California.  At  his  father's  death,  being  then 
twelve  and  the  oldest  of  the  family,  he  took  charge  of 
the  farm,  located  on  Thorn  creek,  Latah  county,  and 
operated  it  until  he  was  twenty-four.  At  that  age  he 
bought  a  farm  on  the  Clearwater  river,  near  Lewiston. 
on  which  was  the  Central  ferry.  He  did  a  general 
farming  business  and  operated"  the  ferry  until  July, 
1902,  when  he  sold  out  and  retired  to  Lewiston,  having 
property  in  that  town. 

On  January  17,  1897,  Mr.  Nichols  married  Miss 
Ella  A.,  daughter  of  Frank  and  Elizabeth  Cole.  The 
wedding  occurred  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mrs.  Nich- 
ols was  born  in  Kossuth  county,  Iowa,  on  April  2.  1879, 
and  came  with  her  parents  to  "Idaho  in  1885.  She  lias 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Jennie,  wife  of 
William  Bower,  at  Avon.  Latah  county;  Leonard,  at 
Wardner,  Idaho :  Bertha.  Matie,  Roy,  Edna  and  Lillie. 
all  at  Kendrick.  Mr.  Nichols  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters  :  Mark  and  Ray,  in  Latah  county  : 
Eveline,  in  Los  Angeles,  California ;  Warren,  in  Ward- 
ner ;  Leon  and  Milton,  in  Latah  county.  To  Mr.  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mrs.  Nichols  have  been  born  the  following  children: 
Elora,  four  years  old;  Delano,  two  years  old.  Mr. 
Nichols  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  state 
and  county.  Mr.  Nichols  is  a  warm  advocate  of  good 
schools  and  in  fact  is  always  favoring  advancement 
and  progress. 

ERLAN  OLSON.  We  are  glad  to  add  an  account 
of  the  life  of  this  substantial  gentleman,  since'  his  life 
has  been  an  industrious  and  worthy  one  and  ihe  is  now 
one  of  the  enterprising  and  progressive  citizens  of  the 

Erlan  Olson  was  born  in  Dalsland,  Sweden,  on  De- 
cember 7,  1863,  being  (the  son  of  Olla  and  Anna  Olson, 
also  natives  of  the  same  place.  Erlan  was  educated 
in  his  native  place  and  in  1884  he  crossed  the  North 
Sea  to  Hull,  England,  thence  to  Liverpool  and  so  pn 
to  New  York.  Next  we  see  him  in  Marquette  county, 
Michigan,  mining.  Soon  he  went  to  Dujuth,  Minne- 
sota, and  later  to  Canada,  where  he  worked  on  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railroad.  He  returned  later  to  St. 
Paul,  and  then  made  his  way  to  Leadville,  where 
he  worked  on  a  tunnel  of  the  railroad,  and  then 
railroaded  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  Finally  he  settled 
down  to  farming  near  Rosalia,  having  also  taken  a 
trip  to  Portland.  On  November  18,  1895,  Mr.  Olson 
came  to  the  reservation  country  and  selected  his  pres- 
ent place.  It  lies  one  mile  west  from  Nezperce,  and 
as  he  was  one  of  the  very  first,  he  succeeded  in  getting 
a  good  farm.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Olson  has  given 
himself  to  the  good  work  of  improving  and  making 
valuable  the  estate  and  he  has  succeeded  in  an  admira- 
ble manner,  having  now  one  of  the  most  valuable  places 
around. 

On  November  i,  1899,  Mr.  Olson  married  Miss 
Martha  Fuller,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  She  came  west 
with  her  parents  in  1888,  and  they  now  live  near  Nez- 
perce. One  child  has  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Olson,  Wilber  Erlan,  born  January  29,  1901.  Mr.  Ol- 
son is  a  member  of  the  Maccabees,  in  Nezperce.  He 
is  a  man  of  good  standing  and  a  well  respected,  and 
intelligent  citizen,  whose  labors  have  been  always  in 
the  line  of  substantial  improvement  and  upbuilding. 


JAMES  A.  FRITZ.  This  successful  farmer  and 
stock  raiser  is  one  of  the  men  who  has  labored  faith- 
fully to  develop  the  resources  of  the  reservation  portion 
of  Nez  Perces  county  and  has  wrought  wisely  and  well. 
James  A.  Fritz  was  born  in  Grant  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  July  13,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Casper  and 
Elizabeth  (Breel)  Fritz,  natives  of  Germany,  born  in 
1832  and  1834,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  butcher 
and  stockman,  served  in  the  Civil  war  and  died  in 
1885.  The  mother  still  lives  in  Wisconsin.  James  A. 
worked  at  home  until  eighteen,  having  gained  his  edu- 
cation from  the  public  schools.  Then  he  went  to 
South  Dakota  and  one  year  later  returned  home.  When 
twenty  he  went  to  Minneapolis  and  railroaded.  Soon 


he  was  in  Ponca,  Nebraska,  and  in  January,  1887,  Mr. 
Frtitz  came  to  Moscow,  Idaho.  He  farmed  for  one 
year  and  then  went  to  Santa  Barbara,  California,  but 
returned  to  Moscow  the  next  year  and  bought  land. 
He  tilled  this  until  the  fall  of  1897,  when  he  made  his 
way  to  the  reservation  and  located  his  present  place, 
about  one  and  one-half  miles  south  from  Melrose. .  He 
has  a  fine  farm,  raises  oats,  wheat  and  flax  and  has 
some  excellent  Berksh'ire  hogs. 

At  Moscow,  in  the  fall  of  1891,  Mr.  Fritz  married 
Miss  Emma  B.,  daughter  of  Electus  M.  and  Mary  J. 
(Warren)  Frost,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  the  father 
from  Rome,  and  the  mother  from  Sullivan  county. 
The  father  served  in  the  Civil  war  and  both  are  now 
living.  Mrs.  Fritz  was  born  in  Sullivan  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1876,  and  has  three  brothers  and  two  sis- 
ters, Frank  W.,  Tohn  O.,  deceased,  Fred  M.,  Cora, 
Maude.  Mr.  Fritz  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Henry  S.,  Peter,  Charlie,  Casper,  August, 
Mary,  Lizzie  and  Katie.  All  are  in  Wisconsin,  ex- 
cept Casper,  who  is  on  the  reservation,  and  Katie,  who 
is  deceased.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this 
happy  union,  Marie  E.  and  Hazel  B.  Mr.  Fritz  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  of  W.,  at  Melrose,  and  his  wife  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  church.  He  is  an  active 
Republican  and  is  always  in  his  place  in  the  caucuses 
and  conventions. 

Mr.  Fritz  is  a  man  of  excellent  standing,  has  an 
untarnished  reputation  and  is  one  of  the  substantial 
men  of  the  county. 


DOUGLAS  V.  DOWD.  As  a  distinguished  edu- 
cator of  Nez  Perces  county,  as  well  as  a  landowner, 
the  subject  of  this  review  is  to  be  noted  as  one  of  the 
successful  and  leading  men  of  the  reservation  portion 
of  the  county  and  one  whose  life  is  above  reproach 
and  whose  standing  is  excellent  among  his  fellows. 

Douglas  V.  Dowd  was  born  in  Vinton  county,  Ohio, 
on  July  24.  1852,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Olive 
(Fuller)  Dowd.  The 'father  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1818,  and  died  in  1895.  His  grandfather  was  one 
of  the  earliest  pioneers  to  the  territory  of  Ohio,  having 
gone  there  in  the  eighteenth  century.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  died  in  1856. 
Douglas  V.  was  reared  on  the  farm,  educated  in  the 
district  schools  and  the  Ohio  University  at  Athens,  the 
first  'university  established  west  of  the  Allegheny 
mountains,  the  date  of  its  inception  being  1804.  At 
seventeen  Mr.  Dowd  began  his  career  as  an  educator, 
and  from  the  inception  he  manifested  those  qualities 
and  the  worth  that  have  made  him  so  successful  in 
life's  pathway,  being  especially  endowed  by  nature 
with  the  qualifications  that  are  requisite  for  the  first 
class  educator.  In  1878  Mr.  Dowd  went  to  Kansas, 
settling  in  .Wabaunsee  county,  where  he  operated  a 
Republican  newspaper  for  five  years,  it  being  a  journal 
of  distinct  merit.  He  taught  school  for  a  number  of 
years.  It  was  in  1895  that  Mr.  Dowd  determined  to 
try  the  west  and  accordingly  selected  Nez  Perces  coun- 
ty as  the  point.  He  taught  for  several  years  and  in 
1897  took  up  the  ranch  which  has  become  his  home- 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


stead.  It  lies  about  two  miles  southwest  from  Steele 
and  the  final  proof  was  made  in  August,  1902.  At  the 
present  writing  Mr.  Dowd  is  teaching  in  the  Fletcher 
schools  and,  as  is  his  characteristic  methods,  he  is  do- 
ing the  best  of  work,  being  a  conscientious  instructor, 
and  realizing  that  he  is  molding  the  minds  of  the  ones 
who  will  soon  take  the  responsibilities  of  our  great 
government  into  their  hands,  either  to  carry  it  on  to 
greater  perfection  or  make  sad  failure  where  their  an- 
cestors have  done  gloriously. 

In  1884,  while  in  Kansas,  Mr.  Dowd  married  Miss 
Clara  M.,  daughter  of  S.  A.  and  Cornelia  J.  (Apple- 
gate)  Gould,  natives  of  New  York,  and  the  father  a 
farmer  and  merchant.  Mrs.  Dowd  was  born  in  Sen- 
eca Falls,  New  York,  in  1860.  Mr.  Dowd  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters:  Francis  M.,  in  Ohio; 
Homer  N.,  at  Thompsonville,  Michigan;  John  W.,  in 
Toledo,  Ohio;  Milton  B.,  in  Victor,  Montana;  Ralph 
P.,  in  Illinois;  Mary  Goflf,  in  Zaleski,  Ohio;  Charlotte 
Timms,  in  Dundas,"  Ohio.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  bless  the  happy  marriage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Dowd,  Augustus  G.  and"  Lillian  C.,  both  at  home.  Mr. 
Dowd  is  a  Mason  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
order,  and  also  belongs  to  the  Phi  Delta  Theta,  a  col- 
lege fraternity.  He  is  a  Republican  and  active  in 
the  realm  of  politics,  and  in  1902  was  a  delegate  to 
Boise  at  the  Republican  state  convention. 


ALBERT  ODERKIRK.  Portions  of  Nez  Perces 
county  are  among  the  most  excellent  fruit  producing 
sections  in  the  northwest,  and  the  enterprising  gen- 
tleman mentioned  above  has  a  fruit  farm  among  the 
best  in  this  favored  region.  He  is  located  about  two 
and  one-half  miles  northeast  from  Lewiston,  owns  land 
that  is  well  irrigated  and  produces  under  his  skillful 
husbandry  an  abundance  of  fruit  of  the  best  kind  and 
all  varieties. 

Mr.  Oderkirk  was  born  in  Granby,  New  York,  on 
December  8,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Caroline 
(Weatherwax)  Oderkirk,  natives  of  New  York  and 
now  living  in  Canada.  The  father  was  born  in  1832, 
and  the  mother  in  1836.  Our  subject  was  taken  by  his 
parents  to  the  province  of  Ontario,  Canada,  when 
young,  and  there  he  received  his  education  in  the 
excellent  schools  of  that  province,  attending  mostly  at 
Tanworth.  He  made  several  trips  to  his  old  home  and 
at  the  age  of  twenty-six  he  settled  in  North  Dakota, 
taking  land  near  Wheatland.  He  farmed  and  raised 
stock  for  seven  years,  then  sold  out  and  went  to  Park 
Rapids,  in  Minnesota,  where  he  operated  a  hotel  for  six 
years  and  prospered.  His  next  move  was  to 
come  west,  and  the  fertile  region  of  Lewiston  attract- 
ing him,  he  purchased  his  present  good  place.  To  the 
culture  of  fruit  he  has  given  himself  with  good  success 
since  that  time. 

On  June  6,  1883.  Mr.  Oderkirk  married  Miss 
Annie,  daughter  of  William  and  Jane  (Stafford)  Haw- 
ley,  natives  of  Canada.  Mrs.  Oderkirk  was  born  in 
Sheffield..  Canada,  September  2,  1860,  and  she  has 


four  brothers,  George,  Perry,  John  and  Frank.  Mr. 
Oderkirk  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Venus,  Eugene,  Isaac,  Stephen  and  Irvine.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Oderkirk  there  have  been  born  the  following 
named  children,  William  M.,  Vera  A.,  Isaac  V.,  Jennie, 
Ray  and  Cora,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Oberkirk  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  of  P.,  and  of  the  M.  W.  A.  He  had  one 
uncle  in  the  Civil  war.  Mr.  Oderkirk  is  an  advocate 
of  good  schools  and  churches  and  is  now  doing  service 
on  the  school  board  of  his  district.  He  is  a  Democrat 
in  politics,  but  is  not  partisan,  and  prefers  to  choose 
the  best  men  and  the  sound  principles  regardless  of 
party. 


OSCAR  PELTON.  Among  the  successful  and 
enterprising  agriculturists  and  stockmen  of  the  county 
of  Nez  Perces  we  should  not  fail  to  mention  the  name 
of  the  gentleman  mentioned  above,  since  he  is  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county,  and  is  a  real  la- 
borer in  the  realm  of  upbuilding  and  advancement. 

Oscar  Pelton  was  born  in  Somerset  county,  Maine, 
on  July  14,  1844,  being  the  son  of  Matthew  B.  and 
Caroline  (Stevens)  Pelton.  The  father  was  a  farmer 
and  lumberman  in  Maine,  born  in  1821,  died  in  1894, 
f.nd  served  his  'country  in  the  Civil  war.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Somerset  county,  Maine,  in  1827,  and  still 
lives  there.  Ouir  subject  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  place,  remained  at  home 
engaged  with  his  father  until  he  was  seventeen  years 
of  age,  and  then  his  young  blood  could  not  resist  the 
call  of  Columbia  to  rally  supporters  for  the  defense  of 
the  flag  and  our  government.  He  enlisted  at  the  first 
call,  in  Company  D,  Thirtenth  Maine  Volunteers,  and 
went  with  .General  Ben  Butler  to  New  Orleans,  also 
served  under  Banks  in  the  Red  River  campaign.  He 
served  three  years  and  then  received  his  honorable  dis- 
charge and  returned  to  his  home.  But  he  had  for- 
feited his  health  in  the  struggle  and  has  more  or  less 
suffered  since  from  the  troubles  contracted  in  the  war. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  removed  ito  La  Crosse, 
Wisconsin,  remaining  one  jear  in  the  lumber  business. 
He  next  bought  land  in  Trempealeau  county,  the  same 
state,  and  settled  down  to  farming.  After  seven  years 
he  located  in  Wadena  county,  Minnesota,  and  took 
land  and  his  parents  followed  him  in  1876.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  there  and  sixteen  years  were  spent 
in  tilling  the  soil  in  that  county.  Then  he  went  to  St. 
Cloud,  and  in  1895  came  to  Idaho  for  his  health.  He 
has  been  much  benefited  by  the  change  and  is,  now  en- 
joying better  health  than  for  some  time  previous.  He 


ted  two  miles  northeast  from  Lewiston  and  gave 
nd  raising  stock. 


his  attention  to  general  farming 

In  August,  1867,  Mr.  Pelton  married  Miss  Bar- 
bara, daughter  of  S.  R.  and  Ann  (Fox)  Bates,  natives 
of  Ohio.  Mrs.  Pelton  has  two  brothers,  Timothy 
and  Hanson,  both  in  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Pelton 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters: 
Albert,  in  St.  Cloud,  Minnesota;  Ernest,  in 
North  Dakota  ;  Sarah  Pelton,  in  Canada  ;  Hiram  and 
La  Forest,  in  Alaska  ;  U.  S.,  in  Coif  ax,  Washington. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pelton  there  have  been  born  the  fol- 
lowing children:  Loreda  and  Minnie,  in  Missoula ; 
Ernest,  at  home ;  Fred  and  Eugene,  in  Spokane ;  Lois, 
Gladys  and  Harry,  at  home.  Mrs.  Pelton  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist'church.  Mr.  Pelton  is  a  Republican 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  political  matters.  It  is  of 
note  that  Joel  Pelton,  the  great-grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution  and  served  under 
Washington  in  many  campaigns,  being  present  at  the 
surrender  of  Cornwallis.  He  saw  Lafayette  and  other 
great  men  of  that  day.  After  the  war  he  took  up  land 
in  Maine,  where  he  raised  his  family  and  lived  to  the 
good  old  age  of  one  hundred  and  six  years. 


EDWARD  DANIELS.  A  very  prosperous  and 
successful  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  having  a  fine  es- 
tate two  miles  east  from  Chesley,  our  subject  is  deserv- 
ing of  being  classed  with  the  leading  and  influential 
men  of  this  section,  and  as  such  we  accord  him  space 
in  the  history  of  his  county. 

Edward  Daniels  was  born  in  Devonshire,  England, 
October  14,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Edward  and  Mary 
(Eastman)  Daniels,  natives  of  England,  and  born  in 
1805  and  1814,  and  died  in  1867  and  1878,  respectively. 
Edward  grew  to  young  manhood  in  England  and  re- 
ceived most  of  his  education  there ;  however,  he  attend- 
ed school  some  in  Canada.  In  1869  he  came  to  London, 
Canada,  and  worked  at  railroading  for  a  year,  then 
went  to  St.  Thomas  and  rented  a  farm  on  Lake  Erie, 
where  he  continued  for  nine  years.  In  February,  1889, 
Mr.  Daniels  came  to  Colton',  Washington,  and'  rented 
land,  doing  farming  on  a  large  scale.  He  was  fexceed- 
ingly  prosperous  and  was  making  lots  of  money.  The 
wet  year  of  1893  and  the  following  panic  stranded,him, 
as  it  did  everyone  else,  and  in  May,  1896,  he'  sought 
out  his  present  place  on  the  reservation.  He  brought 
the  family  the,  following  year  and  since  that  time  has 
devoted  himself  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock. 
He  has  fine  cattle,  horses  and  hogs,  and  is  a  thrifty 
farmer  who  is  rewarded  with  annual  dividends  that  are 
gratifying. 

On  March  21,  1878,  Mr.  Daniels  married  Miss 
Margaret  Dores,  and  three  children  have  crowned  the 
happy  event,  James  Edward,  a  Methodist  minister  at 
Colton  ;  Olive  Lenora,  attending  college  at  Salem,  Ore- 
gon ;  Frank  Raymond,  in  Manitoba.  On  October  7, 
1890,  Mrs.  Daniels  was  called  hence  by  death. 

On  March  21,  1900,  Mr.  Daniels'  married  Miss 
Effie  E.,  daughter  of  John  and  Julia  A.  (Chamber- 
lain) Smylie.  The  father  is  a  wagon  maker  and  was 
born  :in  Goddridge,  Ontario,  in  1840,  and  now  lives  \in 
this  county.  His  wife  was  born  in  New  York,  in  1843, 
and  is  still  living.  Mrs.  Daniels  was  born  in  La 
Crosse,  Wisconsin,  in  1875.  She  attended  the  Lewis- 
ton  Normal  School  and  was  a  prominent  .teacher  for 
five  years.  She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters  : 
Mina  B.  Quillin ;  Bertha,  deceased ;  Julia  M.  Lane ; 
lennie  A.  Sargent;  Elizabeth,  deceased;  John  H. ; 
Josephine ;  and  George  E.  Mr.  Daniels  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters:  Mary  A.  Whitfielcl, 


Eliza  Davis :  Elizabeth,  William,  John  and  James,  all 
deceased.  One  child,  Elizabeth,  has  been  born  to  this 
second  marriage.  Mr.  Daniels  is  a  member/of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist 
church.  Mr.  Daniels  is  an  intelligent  laborer  for  good 
schools  and  also  for  the  improvement  of  roads.  His 
farm  is  one  of  the  finest,  even  of  this  excellent  section, 
and  the  improvements  are  entirely  commensurate  with 
the  natural  fertility  of  the  soil,  and  altogether  the  es- 
tate is  a  model.  "  Mr.  Daniels  handles  considerable 
stock  and  raises  diversified  crops.  He  has  a  half  sec- 
tion of  timber  land  in  Oregon,  in  addition  ,to  his  farm 
here.  Mrs.  Daniels'  grandfather,  Chamberlain,  was  a 
veteran  of  the  Civil  war  and  now  has  a  good  pension. 
Her  great-grandfather,  Barnes,  was  one  of  the  first 
advocates  of  woman  suffrage  in  New  York. 


THOMAS  J.  WIMPY.  Although  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  located  in  a  state  where  much  of  the 
sentiment  was  strongly  in  favor  of  the  Rebellion,  still 
when  the  critical  time  came  for  action  he  boldly  and 
with  a  courage  born  of  real  conviction  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany F,  Second  Arkansas  Cavalry,  on  the  Union  side, 
the  date  being  1863,  and  under  General  Sanborn  fought 
the  battles  of  right.  He  was  in  the  conflicts  of  Boone- 
ville,  Big  Blue,  Independence  and  many  skirmishes, 
and  assisted  to  run  Price  out  of  Missouri.  He  served 
in  that  state  and  in  Arkansas  mostly.  He  was  honor- 
ably discharged  in  July,  1865,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  in  Latah,  Washington. 

Thomas  J.  Wimpy  was  born  in  Union  county. 
Georgia,  on  September  20,  1846,  being  the  son  of 
Aaron  and  Hannah  Wimpy,  natives  of  North  Carolina. 
When  our  subject  was  six  the  family  removed  to  Ben- 
ton  county,  Arkansas,  and  there  received  a  good  com- 
mon schooling.  Then  came  the  enlistment  noted 
above,  which  speaks  volumes  for 'his  loyalty,  as  he  was 
but  a  lad  of  seventeen.  After  the  war  he  resided  a 
time  in  Missouri  and  then  returned  to  Arkansas,  where 
he  was  married,  on  June  27,  1866,  to  Mary  A.  Ander- 
son. Her  parents,  Andrew  B.  and  Adelia  (Dickens) 
Anderson,  were  natives  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia,  re- 
spectively, and  were  married  in  the  former  state.  Then 
they  removed  to  Lumpkin  county,  Georgia,  where  Mrs. 
Wimpy  was  born,  on  June  17,  1844.  Her  parents 
crossed  the  plains  in  1877  to  Latah,  Washington,  and 
there  her  father  died  in  August,  1899,  in  his  seventy- 
seventh  year.  Mr.  Wimpy  and  his  wife  started  across 
the  plains  in  1876  with  teams,  but  at  Cheyenne,  as  the 
Indians  were  hostile,  they  took  train  to  Kelton,  and 
then  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Latah.  No  settlers  were 
there,  except  his  brother,  Major  Wimpy,  and  one  or 
two  scattering  ones.  Our  subject  engaged  in  farming 
and  did  well  until  the  panic,  when  he  suffered  financial 
loss,  as  did  all  others.  In  the  fall  of  1897  he  came 
to  his  present  location,  about  five  miles  northeast  from 
Nezperce,  and  here  his  labor  and  wisdom  have  given 
him  a  goodly  competence.  He  has  comfortable  and 
tasty  improvements  and  has  been  one  of  the  progress- 
ive and  substantial  citizens.  Mr.  Wimpy  and  his  wife 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


are  devout  members  of  the  Christian  church  and  their 
lives  are  exemplary  and  upright.  Six  children  have 
been  born  to  this  household,  Amanda  J.,  wife  of  E.  M. 
Nelson,  of  Nezperce ;  Sarah  B..  wife  of  W.  M.  Poteet, 
of  Nezperce;  Eva  M.,  wife  of  Arthur  Boswell,  near 
Nezperce;  Minnie  E.,  Aaron  A.,  James  W.  Mrs. 
Wimpy's  mother  is  living  with  her.  aged  seventy-eight. 


J.  TELFORD  ORBISON.  No  man  is  better 
known  in  Nezperce  or  more  popular  than  the  genial, 
whole-souled  and  capable  gentleman  whose  name  ap- 
pears above.  He  is  the  pioneer  merchant  of  the  town, 
has  labored  with  untiring  interest  for  its  welfare  and 
upbilding  steadily  since  its  start,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
substantial  and  capable  business  men. 

J.  T.  Orbison  was  born  in  Miami  county,  Ohio,  on 
November  9,  1841,  being  the  son  of  Alexander  N.  and 
Mary  (Ayers)  Orbison.  The  father  was  a  farmer 
until  1841,  then  went  to  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  then  to 
an  Indian  trading  village,  where  he  entered  the  com- 
mission business.  He  built  warehouses,  operated  a 
canal,  building  many  boats,  and  also  built  twenty-five 
miles  of  plank  roads  four  directions  out  of  the  village. 
About  this  time  he  secured  the  establishment  of  some 
of  the  business  houses  that  were  the  means  of  making 
the ;  city  what  it  is  today.  He  was  exceedingly  pros- 
perous and  amassed  a  splendid  fortune.  Owing  to 
great  generosity  to  friends,  and  some  heavy  losses, 
however,  his  estate  was  much  smaller  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  But  even  then  it  was  a  handsome  amount  to 
each  one  'of  the  family.  About  1882  he  sold  his  inter- 
ests in  Fort  Wayne  and  went  to  Sturgis,  Michigan. 
Although  he  was  retired  from  active  business  there, 
he  built  an  elevator  with  his  youngest  son  and  was 
known  as  a  prominent  and  prosperous  man  until  his 
death,  in  1896.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Randolph 
county,  Virginia,  and  of  English  descent.  The  moth- 
er of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio,  on  September  28, 
1818,  iher  father  being  a  physician  and  both  of  her  par- 
ents natives  of  Orange,  New  Jersey. 

Reverting  again  more  particularly  to  our  subject, 
we  note  that  the  foundation  of  his  education  was  laid 
in  the  schools  in  Fort  Wayne,  and  then  he  went  to  col- 
lege in  Oxford,  Ohio.  While  in  his  sophomore  year 
the  war  broke  out  nd  he  promptly  laid  aside  the  books 
lor  the  musket,  and  enlisted)  in  Company  E,  Fifty-fifth 
Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry.  After  his  three  months 
of  service  expired  he  took  a  place  in  the  quartermas- 
ter's department  and  remained  there  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  Then,  he  went  to  Sturgis,  Michigan,  entered 
the  grocery  business  and  later  railroaded  on  the  Fort 
Wayne  road.  Next  we  see  him  in  Frankfort,  Ken- 
tucky, in  the  boot  and  shoe  business,  whence  he  went  to 
Louisville  in  the  commission  business  until  1879. 
Then,  on  account  of  his  wife's  health,  he  went  again 
to  Michigan,  this  time  taking  a  station  at  Alma,  on  the 
Saginaw  Valley  &  St.  Louis  railroad.  Then  he  re- 
moved to  Saginaw,  Michigan,  taking  the  position  of 
cashier  of  the  Michigan  Central  for  five  years.  It  was 
in  1891,  when  Mr.  Orbison  came  to  Coeur  d'Alene  and 


opened  a  gents'  furnishing  establishment.  Two  years 
later  he  removed  to  Moscow  and  one  year  after  that  he 
was  in  Denver,  whence  upon  the  opening  of  the  reserva- 
tion he  came  to  Nezperce  and  opened  a  general  mer- 
chandise establishment.  He  has  continued  in  business 
steadily  since1  and  has  always  labored  for  good  schools, 
good  roads,  and,  in  fact,  all  things  that  would  build 
up  the  town. 

Mr.  Orbison  married  Miss  Aubrey  Van  Dervanter, 
whose  parents  were  natives  of  Louisville,  where  they 
died.  The  wedding  occurred  on  October  8,  1878.  Mr. 
Orbison  has  two  brothers  deceased  and  two  sisters 
living,  Millie,  wife  of  William  D.  Van  Devanter,  a 
journalist'  in  Qhicago;  Lucy  B.,  wife  of  Ira  Pendletojn, 
a  retired  capitalist  in  Los  Angeles.  Mrs.  Orbison  has 
three  brothers,  Silas,  in  St.  Louis ;  Charles  and  Robert, 
in  Memphis,  Tennessee.  She  has  one  sister,  Mary, 
wife  of  George  W.  Cline,  a  leading  capitalist  in  Louis- 
ville. Mr.  Orbison  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Lodge  No.  56,  in  Nezperce,  being  treasurer  since  its 
organization.  He  is  also  a  Mason,  holding  his  mem- 
bership in  the  Knight  Templar  Commandery,  No.  4, 
in  Moscow.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Orbison  is  a 
strong  Republican,  and  is  an  intelligent  and  potent 
factor  in  that  realm. 


EZEKIEL  LUCAS.  A  public  minded,  progress- 
ive, upright  and  exemplary  man,  a  thrifty  and  pros- 
perous farmer,  a  good  neighbor  and  a  loyal  friend,  we 
are  pleased  to  grant  to  the  subject  of  ,this  article  a  rep- 
resentation in  his  county's  history. 

Ezekiel  Lucas  was  born  in  Fremont  county,  Iowa, 
en  April  21,  1861,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Luanda 
(Keeler)  Lucas.  The  father  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1821,  came  as  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  to  Fremont 
county,  Iowa,  and  now  lives  in  Palouse.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1836,  and- died  in  1899.  Ezekiel 
was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  place  and  re- 
mained helping  his  father  until  twenty-three.  Then 
he  farmed  for  himself  in  Woodbury  county,  Iowa,  and 
in  1884  came  to  Washington  and  settled  in  Palouse. 
He  took  up  the  lumber  and  saw  milling  business,  but 
in  1887  he  returned  to  the  east  and  in  time  went  to  St. 
Louis  and  there  learned  the  machinist  trade.  In  1898 
he  determined  to  see  Klondike  and  got  as  far  as  Port- 
land, when  he  was  led  to  turn  aside  and  wrought  at 
his  trade  in  Seattle.  He  was  very  successful  in  this 
line,  and  in  1901  he  came  to  his  present  place,  which  he 
purchased.  He  has  improved  the  farm  in  fine  shape, 
has  a  neat  and  comfortable  house,  a  good  orchard  and 
a  splendid  barn,  with  outbuildings  and  all  necessary 
utensils  for  the  labor  of  the  estate. 

In  1891  Mr.  Lucas  married  Miss  Clara,  daughter 
of  Henry  and  Josephine  (Elkins)  Peck,  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia. The  wedding  occurred  in  St.  Louis.  Mr.  Peck 
was  an  architect  and  builder.  Mrs.  Lucas  was  born 
in  the  Cherokee  Nation  in  1859,  at  Fort  Gibson,  and 
has  one  sister,  Minnie  \Vardinski,  living  in  Chicago. 
Mr.  /Lucas  has  brothers  and  sisters  as/follows :  Henry, 
Riley,  Lee,.  Lizzie  Brown.  Clara  Boatman,  Ruth  Smith 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  Samantha  Perkins.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  (Lucas  two 
children  have  come  to  gladden  their  home,  Arthur  and 
Lottie.  Mr.  Lucas  is  a  Democrat  and  is  of  sufficient 
independence  to  vote  for  the  man  and  not  to  be  tied 
to  party  tenets  regardless  of  his  own  opinion',  i  He 
has  always  been  an  advocate  of  good  schools  and  is 
doing  much  for  the  betterment  of  educational  facilities, 
while  also  he  labors  hard  for  general  improvement  and 
advancement. 


ARTHUR  E.  MISNER.  Few  men  have  the  sta- 
bility and  perseverance  to  stem  the  tide  of  life  in  busi- 
ness enterprises  when  they  have  met  total  loss,  but  the 
subject  of  this  article,  a"  well  known  and  highly  re- 
spected farmer  and  stockman,  two  and  one-half  miles 
northwest  from  Melrose,  has  displayed  this  kind  of 
courage  and  doubly  so  has  he  manifested  tenacity  of 
purpose  and  determination  to  achieve  success,  for  twice, 
by  outside  circumstances,  he  has  been  a  loser  of  his  en- 
tire property.  Such  circumstances  have  but  brought 
out  the  real  metal  of  the  man,  and  Mr.  Misner  is  now 
one  of  the  most  substantial  and  capable  men  of  our 
section. 

Arthur  E.  Misner  was  born  in  Mount  Morris, 
Illinois,  on  January  3,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Chris- 
topher and  Cordelia  (Clark)  Misner.  The  father  was 
born  in  Indiana,  in  1822,  and  died  in  1889.  He  was 
a  pioneer  in  Illinois,  and  was  on  the  ground  of  Chicago 
before  the  town  was  thought  of.  He  operated  as  a 
merchant  and  in  1879  settled  near  Spokane  and  took 
up  the  stock  business.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio, 
in  1820,  and  is  now  living  with  our  subject.  Arthur 
E.  left  home  at  the  early  age  of  thirteen,  and  made 
his  way,  gaining  a  classical  education  in  the  Willamette 
University  at  Salem,  Oregon,  entirely  by  his  own  ef- 
forts. Following  that  excellent  achievement,  he  taught 
for  five  years,  but  discovering  that  his  health  demand- 
ed more  out-door  exercise,  he  went  to  the  Big  Bend 
country  in  Washington  and  took  up  stock  raising. 
When  Spokane  was  starting,  in  1880,  Mr.  Misner 
opened  a  livery  stable  there  and  took  the  contract  of 
carrying  the  mail  to  Okanogan.  He  also  drove  the 
first  four-horse  team  to  the  Salmon  river  mines,  carry- 
ing a  load  of  miners.  Aside  from  Mr.  Glover,  our 
subject  had  the  first  livery  stable  in  Spokane.  He 
did  well  until  the  big  fire  in  1889,  and  then  suffered 
the  loss  of  everything.  Then  he  prospected  in  the 
Okanogan  country  and  soon  we  see  him  near  Sprague 
farming  four  hundred  acres,  but  the  wet  year  of  1893 
again  swept  him  clean  from  his  property.  It  was  1895 
that  Mr.  Misner  came  to  the  reservation  and  took  his 
present  place.  Here  he  has  again  made  a  good  suc- 
cess, and  is  now  well  among  the  leaders  of  this  section. 

At  Sprague,  Washington,  in  1893,  Mr.  Misner  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  William  and  Anna  Swan- 
nack,  natives  of  England  but  immigrants  to  the  United 
States  from  Australia.  Mrs.  Misner  was  also  born  in 
Australia,  and  she  has  two  sisters  and  nine  brothers. 
Mr.  Swannack  is  a  large  fanner  near  Sprague.  Mr. 
Misner  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters :  Willis,  a 
blacksmith  in  Spokane ;  Henry,  a  merchant  at  Sprague ; 


Mary  Melcher.  in  Spokane  county ;  Emma  Bowerman, 
in  Republic,  Washington.  The  following  children 
have  been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife: 
Mildred,  Helen,  Dorothy,  Ladru  R.  and  William.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Misner  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church, 
and  in  politics  Mr.  Misner  is  an  active  Republican  and 
a  stanch  helper  of  his  friends  in  the  conventions.  Mr. 
Misner  is  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  evinces  a 
zeal  for  good  schools  and  has  taught  one  term  here. 
He  has  a  fine  farm,  well  improved,  has  just  completed 
a  tasty  residence  of  seven  rooms,  and  other  improve- 
ments in  proportion,  while  raising  grain  and  stock 
occupy  his  attention.  Mr.  James  Clark,  the  maternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  is  one  hundred  years  old, 
and  is  said  to  be  the  oldest  Mason  in  America.  He 
dwells  in  Quincv,  Illinois. 


FRED  M.  MANNING.  This  well  known  pioneer, 
and  successful  stockman  is  now  a  leading  business 
man  of  Lewiston,  having  in  company  with  his  son- 
in-law,  Nathan  Branch,  rented  a  laundry,  where  they 
are  doing  a  good  business. 

He  was  born  in  Milford,  Maine,  on  June  8,  1858, 
being  the  son  of  George  A.  and  Susan  E.  (Wilber) 
Manning.  The  father  is  a  real  estate  dealer  in  Lewis- 
ton,  and  was  born  in  Maine  in  1838.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Boston  in  1839.  Our  subject  came  to  Idaho 
with  his  parents  in  1869  and  the  father  took  a  preemp- 
tion at  Central  Ferry,  which  he  still  owns  and  is  known 
all  over  as  the  Manning  homestead.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen Fred  M.  started  in  the  stock  business  for  himself, 
which  he  has  continued  ever  since.  He  keeps  his  stock 
wherever  he  finds  the  best  range,  in  Kootenai  county 
and  other  places.  He  was  in  company  with  George 
White  on  the  start.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Nez 
Perce  war  he  went  as  scout  for  the  government  under 
General  Gatley  and  Lieutenant  Bowman.  In  the  Ban- 
nock war  of  1878  he  was  with  General  Howard  when 
they  chased  the  Indians  all  over  the  country.  He  was 
at  the  Malheur  reservation  when  eighty  surrendered 
and  took  the  first  gun  from  them.  Mr.  Manning  con- 
siders Lieutenant  Bowman  one  of  the  most  able  and, 
faithful  officers  in  the  west  at  that  time.  Mr.  Man- 
ning was  in  the  heat  of  these  struggles  and  did  com- 
mendable and  valiant  service.  He  found  the  bodies 
of  Monday,  Grosgrove  and  Hailey,  brother  of  Hon. 
John  Hailey.  whom  the  Indians  had  killed,  and  buried 
them,  chiseling  the  name  of  each  on  a  gYanite  rock 
beneath  which  they  were  killed.  He  also  found  the 
bodies  of  Crook  and  the  man  with  him, -who  were  killed 
by  the  savages.  Mr.  Manning's  father  organized  the 
California  Hundred  during  the  Civil  war,  went  east 
with  them  as  their  major  and  fought  in  that  war,  they 
being  the  only  ones  that  went  east  for  that  purpose. 

In  the  spring  of  1879,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr. 
Manning  married  Miss  Anna  E.,  daughter  of  'james 
and  Katherine  McGrane,  of  Lewiston,  and  natives  of 
Ireland.  Mrs.  Manning  was  born  in  Salem,  Oregon, 
in  1859,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Mrs.  W.  L.  Boise,  Frank,  Thomas  and  James.  Mr. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


215 


Manning  has  brothers  as  follows:  James  A.  and 
Charles  F.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Manning  there  have 
been  born  six  children:  Nellie,  wife  of  Nathan 
Branch,  of  Lewiston ;  Frank,  Clara.  Fred,.  Hattie  and 
James.  Mr.  Manning  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W. 
and  the  auxiliary.  He  has  been  deputy  sheriff  under 
Billy  Martin,  of  Kootenai  county,  and  deputy  United 
States  marshal  under  Fred  Dubois,  and  is  now  mar- 
shal of  Lewiston  arid  deputy  sheriff.  Mr.  Manning 
has  a  good  home  near  the  court  house  and  is  one  of 
the  leading  and  substantial  men  of  the  county.  . 


ULYSSIS  S.  CHAMBERS  was  born  in  Knox 
county,  Indiana,  on  December  10,  1866.  His  parents 
were  Samuel  T.  and  Joannah  (Bell)  Chambers,  natives 
of  Indiana.  The  father,  who  was  born  in  1833  and 
served  in  the  Twenty-sixth  Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry 
for  four  years,  is  specially  mentioned  in  this  work. 
Out  subject  came  to  Whitman  county,  Washington, 
with  his  parents,  when  five  years  old,  and  in  1880  they 
moved  to  Latah  county,  where  the  father  now  lives. 
Ulyssis  gained  his  education  in  these  places  and 
wrought  with  his  father  until  the  time  of  his  major- 
ity and  was  also  engaged  in  the  mines  of  the  Hoodoo 
district  and  on  Gold  hill.  In  June,  1897,  he  filed  on 
his  present  place,  which  had  been  smuggled,  a  fine 
farm  three  miles  east  from  Chesley.  Mr.  Chambers 
lias  cultivated  and  improved  the  land  in  a  first  class 
manner,  and  has  now  one  of  the  desirable  places  of  the 
county. 

In  July,  1891,  while  in  Latah  county,  Mr.  Chambers 
married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Charlie  and  Lucretia 
(Herring)  Bay,  early  pioneers  of  Oregon.  They 
crossed  the  plains  in  the  early  'sixties  with  team  and 
wagon  and  settled  in  the  Grande  Ronde  valley.  Mrs. 
Chambers  was  born  in  Union  county,  Oregon,  in  1873, 
and  has  four  brothers  and  two  sisters,  William,  Lizzie 
Haskett,  Inez  Roberts,  Clyde  and  Wayne.  Mr. 
Chambers  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sis- 
ters:  Eudoras,  Orpha  Cochran,  Corinne  Bay  and 
Joseph.  Two  children,  Hazel  and  Ray,  have'  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chambers.  Mr.  Chambers  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  Kippen.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  school  board  since  coming  to  this 
place,  and  is  a  tireless  worker  for  the  improvement 
of  the  schools,  which  worthy  end  is  sure  to  be  accom- 
plished among  the  intelligent  people  of  this  section. 
Mr.  Chambers  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  labors  for 
the  general  welfare. 


DAVID  L.  CHAPMAN.  This  successful  and  re- 
liable citizen  dwells  about  two  miles  east  from  Melrose, 
where  he  has  carved  from  the  wilds  of  the  reservation 
a  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  which  now 
produces  annually  excellent  yields  o"f  fruit,  flax,  wheat 
and  other  crops. 

David  L.  Chapman  was  born  in  Ogle  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  October  25,  1862.  being  the  son  of  George 


and  Fannie  (Harrington)  Chapman.  The  father  was 
born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  in  1829,  'came  to  the 
United  States  in  his  eighteenth  year  and  died  in  1894. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1831  and  died 
in  1896.  When  David  was  four  years  of  age  the  fam- 
ily came  to  Woodbury  county,  Iowa,  where  he  was 
reared  on  a  farm  and  received  his  education  from  the 
public  schools.  When  twenty  he  started  for  himself, 
and  the  next  year  married.  We  see  him  in  Dawson 
county,  Montana,  freighting,  thence  he  went  to  North 
Dakota,  later  to  Nebraska,  and  soon  was  in  the  ma- 
chine shops  at  Newcastle,  Wyoming,  where  he 
wrought  for  two  years.  The  next  journey  brought 
them  to  Moscow,  Idaho,  and  when  the  reservation 
opened  Mr.  Chapman  came  and  homesteaded  his  pres- 
ent farm,  since  which  time  he  has  devoted  himself  in- 
dustriously to  its  improvement  and  culture. 

In  1883  Mr.  Chapman  married  Miss  Addie,  daugh- 
ter of  Fred  and  Eliza  Procunier,  farmers  in  South  Da- 
kota. Mrs.  Chapman  was  born  in  Ogle  county, 
Illinois,  in  1864,  and  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister, 
Isaac,  Rettie  and  William.  Mr.  Chapman  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters:  Levi ;  Rosella  Kocher; 
Rachel  Hawks,  deceased ;  Henry ;  and  Charles.  The 
children  born  to  our  subject  and  his  faithful  wife  are 
named  as  follows:  Ethel,  Charles,  Earl,  Mabel, 
Rachel  and  Clarence,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Chapman  is 
a  good  Republican  and  is  active  and  influential  in  the 
caucuses  and  conventions.  He  believes  in  good  schools, 
good  roads  and  good  morals,  a  very  sound  trinity  of 
good  things.  It  is  of  interest  that  three  brothers  of  his 
mother,  Lorenzo,  Wade  and  John  Harrington,  and  one 
brother  of  his  father,  David  Chapman,  were  all  faithful 
soldiers  in  the  Civil  war. 


ISAAC  SCOTT.  An  enterprising  man  whose  la- 
bors have  made  the  wilderness  blossom  as  the  rose, 
as  his  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  two 
and  a  half  miles  east  from  Melrose,  with  its  excellent 
orchard  of  eighteen  acres,  its  well  tilled  and  fertile 
fields  and  comfortable  improvements,  testifies,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  is  entitled  to  a  (place  with  the  builders 
of  this  county,  being  also  a  man  of  stanch  qualifica- 
tions. 

Isaac  Scott  was  born  in  Ohio  on  March  i,  1847, 
being  the  son  of  James  L.  and  Catherine  (Hender- 
shot)  Scott.  The  father  was  born  in  Chester  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1813,  and  died  in  1892.  He  was  a 
pioneer  in  Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio,  in  1817.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Belmont  county, 
Ohio,  in  1817,  and  died  in  1897.  Isaac's  paternal 
grandfather  was  lieutenant  in  the  army  in  Ireland. 
Our  subject  grew  up  on  the  farm  and  gained  his  edu- 


nd  1 


continued  to  labor  with  his  father  until  1879,  when  they 
went  to  Sullivan  county,  Missouri.  In  1883  they 
crossed  the  plains  to  Jackson  county,  and  there  farmed 
for  six  years.  Another  move  was  made  then  to  Whit- 
man county,  Washington,  and  settlement  was  effected 
in  the  vicinity  of  Palouse,  where  the  home  continued 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  be  until  1895,  when  Mr.  Scott  came  to  the  reserva- 
tion and  secured  his  present  place  as  homestead.  Mis- 
fortune has  attended  Mr.  Scott  in  some  of  his  efforts, 
and  when  he  settled  here  he  had  very  little  property. 
He  has  by  careful  management  and  labor  secured  ?,• 
first  class  holding  and  is  high  in  praises  of  this  exf- 
cellent  country. 

In  Ohio,  in  1870,  Mr.  Scott  married.  Miss  Mary  A., 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Susan  Shaffer,  pioneers  of 
Ohio.  Mrs.  Scott  was  born  in  Ohio,  has  one  brother, 
Joseph,  in  this  county  and  five  sisters.  Mr.  Scott  has 
one  sister,  Mary  Melissa  Beatty,  living  in  Sullivan 
county,  Missouri.  .The  following  children  have  come 
to  bless  the  household  of  our  subject  and  his  faithful 
wife:  James  R.,  Joseph  E.,  Charles  O..  John  W., 
Maggie  J.,  Susie  V..  Nora,  Louie,  Clyde,  Maude,  Ida 
M.  and  lense.  Mr.  Scott  is  not  bound  to  the  wheels 
of  any  party,  but  sustains  an  independence  that  enables 
him  to  select  the  right  man  and  cast  his  vote  accord- 
ingly. He  is  a  most  skillful  farmer,  following  the  di- 
versified plan  and  also  paying  much  attention  to  fruit 
culture  and  stock. 


GEORGE  W.  BRAMMER  is  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners of  Nez  Perces  county,  being  nominated  on  the 
fusion  ticket  in  1900,  and  this  the  people  endorsed  at 
the  polls ;  he  has  served  with  credit  to  himself  and  to 
the  satisfaction  of  his  constituency.  He  has  been  nomi- 
nated for  re-election  for  commissioner  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket  also. 

Reverting  to  the  details  of  his  career,  we  note  that 
Mr.  Brammer  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  on  Jan- 
uary 28,  1867,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Sofie? 

Hanover  province,  Germany,  in  1839,  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1893  and  is  now  at  Lookout,  Nez 
Perces  county.  The  mother  was  born  in  Hanover, 
in  1840.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools,  learned  the  carpenter  trade  and  then  attended 
the  architectural  school  for  two  terms.  He  followed 
his  trade  of  building  until  1892,  when  he  came  to  the 
United  States.  He  at  once  came  to  Cameron,  Idaho, 
and  when  the  reservation  was  opened  he  retired  from 
the  labor  of  his  trade  for  a  time  and  took  land,  where 
he  now  lives,  at  Melrose. 

On  April  5,  1890,  Mr.  Brammer  married  Miss  An- 
nie, daughter  of  Henry  and  Mary  (Beh'rens)  Riggers, 
natives  of  Germany,  where  the  father  farms.  Mrs. 
Brammer  was  born  in  Germany  in  1861  and  has  two 
brothers,  Henry  and  William,  also  four  sisters  in  Ger- 
many. Mr.  Brammer  has  two  brothers,  William,  who 
went  to  South  Africa  in  1883  and  was  in  the  war  for 
the  independence  of  the  Boars.  He  was  taken  pris- 
oner in  1900  by  the  British,  who  deported  him  to  Ger- 
many, whence  he  came  to  the  United  States  in  1901 
and  is  now  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Henry,  also  in  this 
county.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brammer  there  have  been 
born  five  children,  Anna,  Bertha,  Mary,  William  and 
Ernest,  all  at  home.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brammer  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  church.  Mr.  Brammer  is  an  ad- 
vocat  of  good  schools,  churches,  and  of  general  prog- 


ress, being  always  found  in  the  vanguard.  He  owns 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  where  his  home  is  ;  he  has 
made  good  success  in  general  farming,  raising  hogs, 
cattle  and  horses.  He  is  well  esteemed  and  stands 
high  among  his  fellows. 


GEORGE  T.  HOLLIDAY."  It  certainly  is  a 
pleasure  to  be  permitted  to  review  the  career  of  the 
gentleman  to  whom  we  are  now  introduced,  and 
chronicle  the  sailent  points  thereof,  since  he  is  a  man 
of  energy,  has  accomplished  excellent  achievements, 
has  set  a  worthy  example  all  of  his  life  as  a  student, 
an  upbuilder,  a  progressive  element  in  the  communi- 
ties wihere  his  lot  has  been  cast,  and  as  a  Christian. 
"Strenuous,"  indeed,  has  been  his  life;  it  is  no  small 

many  of  them,  at  least,  given  to  studious  lives,  and  it 
is  surely  right  to  say  that  in  this  line,  Mr.  Holliday 
is  a  real  leader. 

George  T.  Holliday  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  May  15,  1858,  being  the  son  of  William  P. 
and  Mildred  (Nally)  Holliday.  The  father  was  born 
in  Pike  county,  Missouri,  of  an  ancient  and  influential 
family  from  Virginia,  is  a  physician  and  farmer,  now 
living  on  the  reservation.  His  mother's  parents  came 
from  Kentucky  and  their  parents  from  Scotland,  but 
the  Hollidays  were  English  extraction.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  is  a  native  of  Newton  county,  Missouri, 
and  of  Scotch  extraction.  She  is  now  living  on  the 
reservation  aged  sixty-four  and  her  husband  is  aged 
seventy-four.  Gorge  was  raised  in  Missouri  until 
seven,  then  he  came  with  the  family  to  Warren  county, 
Illinois,  and  two  years  later  to  Texas,  where  he  re- 
mained until  he  was  thirty-one.  In  these  various 
places,  Mr.  Holliday  began  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  but  he  has  not  yet  completed  it.  How 
often  we  hear  the  young  sprig  say,  "I  have  finished 
my  education."  Alas,  that  one  can  ever  believe  that 
he  finished  his  education.  It  is  not  true  of  the 
typical  man,  that  he  ever  finishes  his  education,  he  is 
simply  passing  from  one  form  on  to  the  other.  Thus 
has  Mr.  Holliday  gained  the  true  idea,  and  his  nights 
are  always  spent  in  hard  study  as  regularly  as  he  takes 
his  sleep.  Thus  is  gained  real  information,  strength 
of  mind  and  the  wisdom  that  makes  wise.  For  eleven 
years,  Mr.  Holliday  handled  stock  for  Hunter,  Evens 
&  Company,  of  Kansas  City  and  for  nine  of  those 
years,  he  was  foreman.  Then,  on  account  of  failing 
health  from  excessive  strain  and  care,  he  resigned  his 
position  and  came  to  the  west,  following  his  parents 
within  a  few  months  to  the  vicinity  of  Moscow.  This 
was  in  1889.  Mr.  Holliday  had  a  decided  turn  of  mind 
toward  the  geological  and  mineralogical  world  and  he 
at  once  set  about  gratifying  his  desire  for  investigation 
in  these  worthy  lines.  He  spent  the  summers  in  care- 
ful prospecting  and  the  winters  in  hard  study  in  the 
Denver  school  of  mines,  for  two  years  and  more  or 
less  since  then  he  has  kept  up  his  labors  along  this  line 
and  the  result  is  that  he  has.  gained  a  wonderful  fund 
of  knowledge  and  has  at  the  same  time  located  some 


GEORGE  T.  HOLLIDAY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


valuable  properties  in  mineral  claims.  In  1897,  he 
filed  on  his  present  place,  a  little  northwest  from  Ches- 
ley,  where  he  has  bestowed  his  labors  since  that  time. 
He  has  a  fine  farm,  raises  the  cereals  and  flax,  with 
stock  and  orchards.  In  addition,  Mr.  Holliday  han- 
dles a  threshing  outfit,  owning  a  half  interest.  He  also 
pays  considerable  attention  to  raising  the  small  fruits 
and  vegetables.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  James  B.,  near  Winchester,  farming ;  William 
P.  and  Richard,  partners  in  the  livery  business  in 
Moscow;  Martha,  wife  of  Eli  Richardson,  a  farmer 
and  stage  owner  near  Lookout;  Annie,  wife  of  Mr. 

On  j'anuary  17,  1892,  at  Moscow,  Mr.  Holliday. 
married  Miss  Telitha,  the  daughter  of  John  and  Cath- 
arine (Kane)  Miles,  natives  of  Berry  county,  Missouri, 
where  also  Mrs.  Holliday  was  born,  in  1867.  Mrs. 
Holliday  is  a  graduate  of  the  state  normal  school  at 
Monmouth,  Oregon,  and  she  taught  for  four  years  in 
Roseburg,  Oregon.  She  has  three  brothers  and  one 
sister;  John,  a  cattleman  in  southern  California; 
Charles,  postmaster  and  storekeeper,  in  Webb,  on  the 
Sweetwater;  Ira,  a  dealer  in  lumber  near  Portland; 
Rose,  single  and  living  with  her  parents  near  Rose- 
burg,  Oregon.  Mr.  Holliday  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  Ilo  Lodge,  No.  71,  at  Ilo,  Idaho.  He  and  his 
wife  are  devout  members  of  the  Christian  church  and 
are  leaders  in  this  work,  while  in  politics,  he  is  in- 
dependent. Five  children  have  been  born  to  bless  this 
household,  Pearl  Miles,  Marion,  Nellie  and  Veva. 


FRANK  BURETTE.  Although  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  has  not  been  domiciled  as  long  as  some  ini 
Nez  Perces  county,  still  he  is  entitled  to  representa- 
tion in  the  county  history  as  he  is  one  of  the  enterpris- 
ing and  substantial  men  of  Melrose,  a  man  of  upright- 
ness and  ability  and  has  a  fine  property  of  farm  land 
adjoining  town,  which  is  well  improved. 

Frank  Burette  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Jersey 
City,  New  Jersey,  on  May  27,  1855,  being  the  son  of 
Anthony  and  Catherine  (Wench)  Burette.  The  fa- 
ther was  a  farmer,  born  in  France,  and  died  in  1862. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1832,  of  Scotch- 
Irish  extraction,  and  now  lives  in  Michigan.  OUT 
subject  was  left  at  the  early  age  of  seven  fatherless, 
and  as  little  property  was  left  for  the  support  of  the 
family  he  was  forced  to  struggle  for  himself  from  earli- 
est boyhood.  He  fought  the  battle  well,  and  when  six- 
teen we  find  him  sailing  on  the  lakes,  continuing  die 
same  until  he  was  twenty-one.  Then  he  turned  his 
attention  to  farming  in  Michigan  in  the  summers  and 
lumbering  in  the  winters,  until  1878.  In  that  year 
Mr.  Burette  migrated  to  Burleigh  county,  Bakota, 
took  land  and  made  himself  one  of  the  leading  farmers 
until  1901.  Then  he  sold  the  property  there  and  came 
west,  settling  in  Nez  Perces  county,  and  purchasing 
land  adjoining  Melrose,  where  the  family  home  is  now. 

On  March  25,  1885,  in  Bakota,  Mr.  Burette  mar- 
ried Miss  Tennie,  daughter  of  Leonard  and  Fannie 
(Foster)  Lucas.  Mr.  Lucas  was  born  in  England, 


raised  in  Canada,  and  his  wife  was  a  native  of  Can- 
ada. Mrs.  Burette  was  also  born  in  Canada,  the  year, 
being  1854,  and  has  four  brothers  and  three  sisters. 
Mr.  Burette  has  four  sisters.  To  this  worthy  couple 
there  has  been  born  one  daughter,  Frances,  who  is  at 
home.  Mr.  Burette  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  while 
he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 
Politically  he  is  allied  with  the  Republicans,  and  is  an 
advocate  of  good  schools  and  progression. 


CASSIUS  W.  COLBY  was  born  in  Monroe  coun- 
ty, New  York,  near  Rochester,  on  January  7,  1850, 
lieing  the  son  of  Amos  N.  and  Elvira  (Willy)  Colby. 
The  father  was  born  in  New  York  in  1832  and  still 
lives  there.  His  father  was  born  in  Connecticut,  mar- 
ried a  native  of  that  state  and  was  colonel  in  the  war  of 
1812.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1835  and  died  in  1865.  Her  father,  Sylvester 
Willy,  was  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812.  Cassius  W. 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Rockport  state  normal  at  the  age 
of  twenty  and  then  went  to  Ionia,  Michigan,  where  he 
entered  the  office  of  E.  Colby  &  Company,  lumbermen, 
as  bookkeeper.  Later  he  gained  a  position  as  part- 
ner, the  firm  being  formed  of  his  father,  his  uncle  and 
himself.  They  did  a  good  business  and  in  1873,  on 
account  of  the  panic,  dissolved.  Our  subject  came 
to  Walla  Walla  in  1878  and  associated  himself  with 
the  well  known  Br.  Blalock  as  superintendent  of  his 
various  enterprises.  Later  the  firm  of  Blalock,  Son 
&  Colby  was  formed,  and  there  Mr.  Colby  wrought  in 
the  construction  of  their  flume  that  brought  all  kinds 
of  timber  products  from  the  mountains  to  Walla  Walla. 
'Three  years  after  this  they  sold  out  and  Mr.  Colby 
took  a  trip  to  the  Sandwich  Islands.  On  his  return 
he  acted  as  salesman  for  Stinehouse,  in  Walla  Walla, 
for  three  years.  Then  he  superintended  the  Small 
Brothers'  saw  mill  plant  at  Rathdrum  for  two  years. 
In  1886  he  went  to  Cataldo,  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  min- 
ing district,  and  started  a  mill.  Later  Mr.  Albert 
Small  was  partner  and  they  worked  up  a  fine  wholesale 
trade,  continuing  for  seven  years.  Then  the  panic  of 
1893  struck  the  country,  and,  with  many  another  good 
firm,  they  went  under.  Mr.  Colby  then  spent  one  year 
in  Florida,  after  which  he  formed  a  company  to  manu- 
facture fruit  boxes,  the  plant  being  established  at  Har- 
rison. His  brother,  Belwin  S.,  and  Mr.  Small  were 
with  him  in  this  venture.  Three  years  of  success  here 
and  they  sold  out.  Then  Mr.  Colby  located  in  Lewis- 
ton,  where  we  find  him  today.  He  is  secretary  and 
stockholder  in  the  Gold  Bug  Columbia  Mining  Com- 
pany. He  is  interested  with  M.  A.  Snyder  &  Com- 
pany, lumbermen  at  Melrose,  Idaho.  And  in  addi- 
tion'to  this,  Mr.  Colby  handles  the  books  for  the  Small 
&  Emory  Lumber  Company,  of  Lewiston. 

On  January  5,  1880.  Mr.  Colby  married  Miss  Inez 
E.  Small,  daughter  of  Bavid  Small,  a  saw  mill  man  and 
merchant.  He  was  born  in  New  Brunswick,  as  also 
his  wife,  and  he  died  in  Montana.  Mrs.  Colby  was 
born  in  Maine  in  1851  and  received  a  good  academic 
education.  She  has  the  following  sisters  and  brothers 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


living :  David  Small,  Albert,  Ira,  Lottie  Sanborn  and 
Sadie  Potter.  Mr.  Colby  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  Delwin  S.,  Virginia  E.,  Lucy  A.  Wam- 
boldt.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Colby  there  has  been  born  one 
child,  Ned  W.,  ten  years  of  age.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Colby 
are  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  which  they  assisted 
to  organize,  and  are  active  workers  in  it.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican and  active  in  the  realm  of  politics.  He  is  an 
advocate  of  good  schools  and  is  always  in  the  vanguard 
of  advancement.  Ex-Governor  Colby,  of  Connecticut, 
is  a  relative  of  the  family. 


MELVIN  S.  STELLMON.  Among  the  first  class 
and  prosperous  agriculturists  of  the  reservation  coun- 
try we  will  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  whose 
estate  of  one-half  section  lies  about  six  miles  north- 
east from  Nezperce  and  is  one  of  the  choice  ones  of 
that  section.  He  has  a  goodly  list  of  valuable  improve- 
ments, as  house,  barn,  outbuildings,  orchard,  fences, 
and  so  forth.  The  estate  is  supplied  with  plenty  of 
spring  water  and  half  of  it  is  under  cultivation,  while 
the  balance  is  timber  and  grazing  land. 

Melvin  S.  Stellmon  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Tennessee,  on  May  30,  1876,  being  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Elizabeth  Stellmon.  When  a  child  he  went  with 
the  family  to  Washington  county,  Arkansas,  and  later 
to  Benton  county,  where  he  remained  with  his  father 
until  the  age  of  seventeen.  At  that  time  he  went  to 
Denton  county,  Texas,  and  a  short  time  thereafter 
journeyed  to  Oklahoma,  where  he  engaged  in  farming 
for  two  years.  Thence  he  made  his  way  to  Welling- 
ton, Kansas,  and  returned  to  Benton  county,  in  which 
place,  on  December  22,  1898,  he  married  Miss  Effie, 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Home.  Mr.  Home  was  a 
native  of  Germany  and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
an  early  day.  Mrs.  Stellmon  was  born  in  Benton  coun- 
ty. Mr.  Stellman  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  with  his 
family  in  1809  and  secured  a  homestead  near  Mohler. 
He  sold  this  place  later  and  in  1902  bought  the  farm 
where  he  now  lives  and  which  was  described  above. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stellmon  have  been  born  two  chil- 
dren, Clarice  and  Atha.  Mr.  Stellmon  enjoys  a  first 
class  standing  among  the  people  and  has  demonstrated 
himself  to  be  a  reliable,  substantial,  upright  and  ac- 
commodating neighbor  and  a  true  and  stanch  friend. 


JOHN  F.  LEACH  MAN  is  one  of  the  prominent 
and  substantial  men  of  Nez  Perces  county,  now  living 
on  his  home  place  six  miles  southeast  from  Lewiston. 
He  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois,  on  January  12, 
1845,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Maria  Leachman. 
The  father  was  a  farmer  and  merchant,  born  in  Vir- 
gania,  and  died  before  the  war.  His  father,  Thomas 
Leachman,  died  aged  ninety-three.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1819,  and  lived  in 
Illinois.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents  as 
a  dutiful  son  until  seventeen,  attending  school  at  the 
proper  seasons,  and  then  he  enlisted  in  Company  B, 


Seventy-eighth  Illinois  Infantry.  He  served  under 
Grant  at  Missionary  Ridge  and  under  Sherman  on 
the  memorable  march  to  the  sea.  He  also  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Resaca,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Benton- 
ville,  Atlanta,  Jonesborough  and  numerous  others.  He 
was  captured  by  Morgan's  men  and  held  a  prisoner 
for  seven  months,  learning  by  hard  experience  the 
miseries  of  a  war  prison.  ,  He  was  exchanged  at  St. 
Louis  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  returned  to  Illinois 
and  went  to  farming,  at  which  he  continued  for  four- 
teen years,  when  he  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  two 
years  later  to  his  present  place.  He  took  a  homestead 
and  has  devoted  his  labors  and  abilities  to  improve- 
ment and  advancement  since  that  time. 

On  January  30,  1863,  Mr.  Leachman  married  Miss 
Tosephine,  daughter  of  Emory  S.  and  Rhoda  (Beatty) 
Whitcomb.  The  father  was  a  weaver,  born  in  Keene, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1819,  and  died  in  1899.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1824,  and  died  in 
1889.  Both  the  Whitcombs  and  the  Beattys  were 
prominent  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Mrs.  Leachman 
was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois,  on  May  10,  1844, 
and  has  brothers  and  sisters  living  as  follows :  Will- 
iam, Charles  and  Florence  Nelson,  all  in  this  county. 
Mr.  Leachman  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sister:  Thomas,  Elizabeth  Grotz,  Joseph  Edward 
and  Samuel  S.  The  following  named  children  have: 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leachman:  Franklin,  in 
this  county;  Edward  A.,  at  home;  Nellie  Perkins,  in 
Wilbur,  Washington;  William,  in  this  county;  Nora, 
deceased;  Lola  M.  Newman,  in  Lewiston ;  Benjamin, 
at  home.  Mr.  Leachman  is  a  stanch  Republican  and 
was  nominated  by  his  party  for  sheriff,  but  as  the  party 
went  down  in  that  year,  TOXX),  he  was  defeated.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  our  county. 

The  Leachmans  are  related  to  General  Washington, 
the  great-great-grandfather,  a  Welchman,  having  been 
secretary  under  him  during  the  Revolution.  Mr. 
Leachman's  mother  is  residing  at  present  at  Mayview, 
Washington. 


ERNEST  L.  PARKER.  Perhaps  there  is  no  man 
in  the  entire  county  of  Nez  Perces  who  is  better  and 
more  favorably  known  than  the  genial,  talented  and 
faithful  business  man  and  true  gentleman  whose  name 
appears  at  the  head  of  this  article.  A  review  of  his 
life  is  a  real  part  of  the  history  of  this  county  and 
therefore  we  append  an  epitome  with  pleasure. 

Ernest  L.  was  born  in  Sigourney,  Iowa,  on  No- 
vember 29,  1864,  being  the  son  of  John  T.  and  Albina 
S.  (McColley)  Parker.  The  father  was  a  millman  and 
contractor  and  is  now  mayor  of  Sigourney.  He  was 
born  in  Ohio  on  February  2,  1832,  was  a  captain  of 
Company  D,  Thirteenth  Iowa,  and  spent  eight  months 
in  Libby  prison.  He  was  also  sheriff  of  Keokuk 
county,  Iowa,  and  county  commissioner  for  a  number 
of  terms.  His  father  was  Samuel  Parker,  who  mar- 
ried a  Miss  Barton  of  New  England.  This  gentle- 
man was  born  in  Virginia  in  1808  and  died  in  1900. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Indiana  on 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


£nutary  5,  1836.  Her  father,  Charles  McColley,  was 
rn  in  Virginia,  was  sheriff  of  Keokuk  county,  Iowa, 
and  married  Miss  Buck,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  comomn  schools,  labored  in 
the  mill  and  remained  at  home  until  twenty-one,  then 
went  to  Omaha  and  worked  in  a  sash  and  door  factory. 
Later  he  worked  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  then  went 
to  Spokane,  Washington.  His  brother,  James  S., 
was  operating  a  sash  and  door  factory  there  and  he 
labored  with  him  for  two  years.  Then  he  went  to 
Moscow  and  worked  for  the  M.  J.  Shields  Company 
for  eighteen  months.  He  and  his  brother  James  then 
bought  a  mill  and  moved  it  to  Denver,  Idaho  county, 
where  they  operated  it  for  three  years,  and  then  our' 
subject  went  to  Nezperce,  when  the  reservation  was 
opened  up,  started  a  lumber  yard  and  later  put  in  a 
stock  of  furniture,  and  here  we  find  him  at  the  present 
time. 

In  1896  the  people  called  him  to  act  as  county  com- 
missioner, electing  him  on  the  Democratic  ticket. 
At  the  expiration  of  that  term  he  was  nominated  for 
sheriff,  but  went  with  his  entire  ticket  to  defeat.  In 

elected,  and  is  serving  in  that  capacity  now.  He  has 
been  trustee  of  his  home  village  for  a  number  of  terms. 
Mr.  Parker  is  a  man  of  high  standing,  is  popular  with 
the  people,  of  good  appearance,  and  a  gentleman  in 
every  sense  of  the  word.  In  1900  he  was  called  by  the 
people  to  act  as  delegate  to  Boise  to  oppose  the  slicing 
of  this  county  to  add  taxable  property  to  Shoshone. 
Mr.  Parker  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
James  S.,  Charles  M.,  Elvin  M.,  Louisa  A.  Foley,  Eva 
A.,  T.  Barton,  Fred  F.  and  Ray.  Mr.  Parker  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  of  the  W.  of  W.,  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  and  is  also  a  Son  of  the  Veterans.  Mr.  Parker 
owns  real  estate  in  Nezperce  and  in  Lewiston,  besides 
other  property.  He  is  a  firm  believer  in  the  advan- 
tages and  resources  of  Nez  Perces  county,  and  is  al- 
ways laboring  for  its  upbuilding  and  advancement. 


JOHN  T.  SPRINGSTON.  The  valuable  estate 
and  pleasant  home  of  our  subject  lies  three  and  one- 
half  miles  southeast  from  Lenore.  The  land,  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  was  acquired  by  homestead 
right  in  1896,  and  since  that  time  Mr.  Springston  has 
devoted  his  wisdom  and  labors  to  the  improvement  of 
it,  and  also  to  handling  a  threshing  outfit,  of  which 
latter  industry  he  is  a  skilled  master,  having  operated 
in  it  for  twenty-five  successive  years. 

John  T.  Springston  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Illinois,  on  May  3,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  A. 
and  Rebecca  (Haynes)  Springston,  natives  of  Virginia 
and  both  born  in  1834.  The  mother  died  in  1866, 
but  the  father  still  lives  in  Kansas,  a  veteran  of  the 
Civil  war.  John  T.  remained  at  home  until  nineteen, 
gaining  in  that  time  his  education  and  good  skill  in 
labors  on  the  farm.  Then  he  married  and  settled  down 
to  farming  for  himself,  which  continued  in  that  coun- 
try until  1884.  Then  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Pa- 
louse,  bought  land  and  rented  more  and  devoted  him- 


self to  the  agricultural  art,  in  which  he  has  been  siic- 


1893,  when  the  Palouse  Milling  Company  went  to  the 
wall,  he  was  so  incumbered  by  their  failure  that  he 
lost  almost  everything  also.  In  1896  he  saved  enough 
out  of  the  wreck  to  make  his  way  to  the  reservation 
with  a  small  saw  mill,  and  since  that  time  Mr.  Spring- 
ston has  been  closely  identified  with  the  substantial 
progress  and  development  of  this  section,  well  earning 
the  place  of  prestige  and  prominence  that  he  enjoys. 

While  in  Kansas,  in  1876,  Mr.  Springston  married 
Miss  Rosa,  daughter  of  George  and  Lillie  (Smith) 
Duston.  The  father  was  a  sea  captain  and  a  native  of 
England,  and  is  now  deceased.  The  mother  was  a 
native  of  Ireland  and  is  now  living  with  our  subject. 
Mrs.  Springston  was  born  in  1858,  at  Burlington, 
Iowa,  and  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters, — Joseph,  in 
Elgin,  Oregon;  Lillie,  in  Garnett,  Kansas;  Emma,  in 
(Jmaha,  Nebraska.  Mr.  Springston  has  two  brothers 
and  one  sister,— Andrew,  in  Kansas;  Frank,  in  Ore- 

ston  there  have  been  born  the  following  children: 
Grace  Henderson,  Harry,  Maggie  Henderson,  Etta 
Tumalson  and  Cora  Lota  Allen,  Horona,  Howard, 
Kittie,  Floyd  and  Loren.  Mr.  Springston  is  a  Popu- 
list and  active  in  the  conventions,  and  he  has  devoted 
much  time  and  energy  to  the  labors  on  the  school 
board  for  the  betterment  of  the  school  facilities  and  is 
decidedly  a  man  of  progress  and  improvement. 


CALEB  W.  RICHARDSON.  It  gives  us  pleas- 
ure to  recount  the  career  of  the  industrious  and  sub- 
stantial gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph, 
since  he  is  a  patriotic  citizen,  a  good  business  man 
and  an  upright  and  reliable  man  in  all  his  walk. 

Caleb  W.  Richardson  was  born  in  Howard  county, 
Indiana,  on  May  26,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Caleb  and 
Celia  (Humphries)  Richardson.  The  father  was 
born  in  Virginia  in  1799  and  died  in  1870.  He  was 
one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  in  Howard  and  Tipton 
counties,  in  Indiana,  and  served  in  the  Blackhawk  war. 
Farming  was  his  occupation.  The  mother  was  born 
in  South  Carolina  in  1802  and  died  in  1892.  She  made 
two  trips  across  the  plains  after  she  was  eighty-five. 
Caleb  W.  remained  at  home  until  he  was  twenty-three 
assisting  his  father,  and  during  the  winters  attending 
school.  Then  he  started  for  himself.  Farming  and 
sawmilling  in  his  native  place  occupied  him  for  some 
time,  and  in  1871  he  went  to  Kansas.  Two  years 
there,  and  then  a  brief  visit  to  Indiana,  and  our  sub- 
ject was  then  ready  for  the  Pacific  coast  country.  He 
settled  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  and  farmed  until  1876, 
when  the  inviting  "resources  of  Whitman  county, 
Washington,  attracted  him,  and  in  1877  he  took  land, 
and  tilling  that,  with  buying  and  shipping  grain,  occu- 
pied him  until  1896,  but"  the  hard  times  caused  a  finan- 
cial loss  to  him,  as  well  as  to  thousands  of  others,  and 
in  1896,  after  coming  to  the  reservation  and  purchas- 
ing the  relinquishment  of  the  man  who  held  the  land 
where  Mr.  Richardson  now  lives,  adjoining  Melrose 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


on  the  west,  he  summed  up  his  assets  and  found  that 
he  had  twenty  dollars  in  cash,  and  a  year's  provisions. 
Right  faithfully  Mr.  Richardson  went  to  work  with 
his  hands,  and  the  result  is  that  he  is  one  of  the  well- 
to-do  farmers  of  this  section. 

On  December  24,  1868,  Mr.  Richardson  married 
Miss  Ruth,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Elizabeth  (Light) 
Dick,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Ohio,  respectively,  but 
now  deceased.  Mrs.  Richardson  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1848,  and  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters, — Mor- 
gan, Mahlon,  J.  Alonzo,  Mary  Dutton  and  Rebecca 
Barrett.  Mr.  Richardson  has  ten  brothers  and  five 
sisters,  and  six  of  the  brothers  were  soldiers  in  the 
Civil  war.  Our  subject  also  served  as  a  minute  man 
to  repel  Morgan.  The  following  children  have  been 
born  "to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richardson  :  Maude  Maynard, 
in  Melrose;  L.  Byron,  at  Colton,  Washington;  Pearl 
Stanclley,  at  Mohler ;  Winona  Litch,  in  Colton,  Wash- 
ington; Georgia  Denny,  in  Melrose;  May,  Dick  and 
Zoe  L.,  at  home.  Mr.  Richardson  is  past  grand  in  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  past  chancellor  in  the  K.  of  P.  Mrs. 
Richardson  and  her  daughters  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  church.  Mr.  Richardson  is  one  of  the 
most  active  men  and  labors  for  the  betterment  of  edu- 
cational facilities,  and  when  the  Melrose  school  house 
was  built  he  donated  lumber  and  thirty-five  days'  work. 
He  is  also  an  active  Republican,  and  in  1900  he  ran  for 
the  state  legislature  and  was  only  beaten  by  sixty-two 
votes.  He  is  a  popular  and  highly  respected  man,  and 
is  a  genial  and  good  neighbor. 


LOUIS  HADFORD  is  a  fine  example  of  those  who 
came  to  this  new  and  untried  count! y  wiiti  meager 
means  and  have  by  thrift,  industry  and  wisdom  in  the 
bestowment  of  their  labors  come  to  be  the  prosperous 
farmers  and  stockmen  now  dwelling  in  the  reservation 
country.  He  was  without  means  when  he  settled  on 
his  present  place,  two  and  one-half  miles  southeast 
from  Lookout,  and  now  he  owns  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres  of  fertile  land,  well  improved,  raises  the 
cereals  and  flax,  handles  many  head  of  cattle,  horses, 
and  sheep  and  is  a  well-to-do]  substantial  citizen. 

Louis  Hadford  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  February 
20,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Hedfors  and  Karin  (Ves- 
terlund)  Hadford,  natives  of  Sweden.  The  father 
was  born  in  1832  and  still  lives  in  Sweden.  The 
mother  was  born  in  1839  and  died  in  1885.  Louis 
grew  up  in  his  native  place  and  was  trained  in  the 
common  schools.  As  soon  as  he  was  able  he  went  to 
work  in  the  trying  labor  of  loading  ships  in  the  harbor 
of  Harnes.  'While  following  this  arduous  calling  he 
conceived  the  idea  of  coming  to  America  and  securing 
a  honie  for  himself.  Accordingly,  in  1889,  he  made  the 
trip  across  the  water  and  land  to  Spokane,  Washington, 
where  his  brothers,  Gust,  John  and  Peter,  were  located. 
He  paid  attention  to  farming  for  two  or  three  years, 
buying  land.  But  at  the  time  of  the  panic,  he  "aban- 
doned his  land  and  went  to  railroading.  In  the  spring 
of  1896  he,  with  his  brothers,  John  and  Gust,  came  to 
the  reservation  and  they  all  secured  good  claims. 


His  is  one  of  the  excellent  farms  and  is  handled  with 
becoming  skill  and  thrift.  He  has  operated  a  threshing 
machine  in  addition  to  his  other  labors,  being  a  skilled 
hand  in  this  capacity. 

Mr.  Hadford  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters, 
Peter,  in  Washington,  John  and  Gust,  in  this  county ; 
Christine  and  Caroline,  in  Sweden.  Mr.  Hadford  is  a 
Repubican  and  takes  an  interest  in  good  govern- 
ment, especially  so  in  schools  and  the  general  improve- 
ment and  development  in  this  section.  Mr.  Hadford  is 
still  the  possessor  of  the  quiet  joys  of  the  celebatarian 
and  is  content  in  his  seclusion. 


ALVA  T.  McCARTY.  This  gentleman  is  to  be 
numbered  with  the  heavy  real  estate  owners  of  the 
county  and  is  considered  one  of  the  substantial  and 
capable  business  men.  He  handles  his  affairs  with  be- 
coming wisdom,  is  a  man  of  stability  and  integrity  and 
respected  by  all  . 

Alva  T.' McCarty  was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Iowa, 
on  August  5,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Re- 
becca (Jordan)  McCarty.  The  father  was  born  in 
Wayne  county,  Iowa,  in  1845,  and  served  three  years 
and  more  in  the  Civil  war.  His  father,  Dr.  McCarty, 
was  a  pioneer  to  Wayne  county  and  the  first  sheriff  of 
the  county.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Indiana,  in  1847,  ar>d  died  in  1878.  Alva  remained 
with  his  father  until  twelve  and  then  started  for  the 
west  to  seek  his  fortune.  He  went  to  work  in  Whit- 
man county  and  soon  after  went  to  riding  the  range, 
also  engaged  in  the  horse  raising  industry  for  himself. 
He  continued  thus  until  1892,  and  then  he  farmed, 
but  owing  to  the  excessive  rain  of  that  year,  well  re- 
membered all  over,  he  lost  his  crops.  From  this  ven- 
ture he  went  to  raising  stock  and  in  1895  he  came  to 
the  reservation  and  took  his  present  farm,  one  mile 
east  from  Melrose.  He  gave  much  labor  to  opening 
the  land  and  also  to  raising  stock.  In  June,  1902,  he 
sold  his  stock  and  devoted  himself  to  farming  more 
extensively.  Mr.  McCarty  now  owns  nearly  one  sec- 
tion of  land  in  different  parts  and  is  also  the  possessor 
of  other  property.  All  his  farms  bear  the  marks  of 
thrift  and  industry,  and  he  is  prospered  because  of  his 
skill. 

On  December  24,  1893,  at  Moscow,  Idaho,  Mr. 
AtcCarty  married  Louise,  daughter  of  James  and  Mary 
(Flower)  Nifong,  natives  of  Illinois  and  born  in  1832 
and  1833,  respectively,  and  now  living  in  Whitman 

mty.  Mrs.  McCarty  was  born  in  California,  in  1873, 
"  liversity. 
lary  E., 

Octova,  Lizzie  A.,  Josephine.  Henry,  Albert,  Edward, 
George  and  Milton.  Mr.  McCarty  has  two  brothers  and 
two  sisters,  George,  deceased ;  Dora,  Miles,  Ina.  The 
children  born  to  our  subject  and  his  faithful  wife  are 
Ina  T.,  deceased:  Walter  T.,  Harry  L.,  and  Blanche 
L.,  the  last  three  at  home.  Mr.  McCarty  is  a  member 
of  the  W.  W.,  and  in  the  political  arena  is  a  Repub- 
can  and  a  familiar  and  influential  figure  at  the  conven- 
tions. Mr.  McCarty  gives  time  and  energy  to  the  ad- 


and  was  there  educated  in  the  Uniontown  University. 
She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Mary  1 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


vocacy  of  good  schools.  We  wish  also  to  mention  that 
his  farm,  with  the  home  place,  is  beautified  with  a  fine 
eight-room  structure  of  modern  design,  and  also  has 
a  commodious  barn  and  outbuildings  to  match. 


CHARLES  DOWD.  This  enterprising  young 
gentleman  is  a  native  of  the  Occident,  being  born  in 
Pierce  City,  on  June  7,  1870.  He  is  now  one  of  the 
most  substantial  farmers  and  stockmen  of  Nez  Perces 
countv  and  resides  on  his  fine  estate  of  five  hundred 
and  sixty  acres,  which  he  owns  in  partnership  with 
his  brother  Matthew.  This  land  is  located  about  eight 
miles  southeast  from  Lewiston  and  is  favored  in  that 
five  artesian  wells  flow  constantly  there,  making  it 
very  valuable.  He  raises  large  crops  of  wheat,  barley 
and  alfalfa.  Mr.  Dowd  pays  considerable  attention  to 
raising  stock,  cattle,  horses  and  hogs.  He  has  a  large 
band  of  the  equines  and  also  some  exceptionally  fine 
hogs.  The  family  home  is  a  comfortable  and  tasty 
dwelling  of  generous  proportions  and  the  farm  has 
plenty  of  outbuildings  and  barns  and  so  forth.  We 
note  that  the  parents  of  our  subject,  Michael  and  Eliza- 
beth Dowd,  were  natives  of  Ireland  and  their  career 
is  epitomized  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  They  came 
from  Pierce  City  to  their  present  home  place  in  1870, 
the  father  buying  seven  hundred  and  forty  acres  there. 
He  died  in  187^  and  the  mother  carried  things  along 
until  her  demise,  in  1898,  and  before  her  death  she  di- 
vided the  property,  which  also  included  some  town 
property,  among  the  children.  Charles  was  educated 
in  the  district  schools,  in  the  schools  in  Lewiston,  in  the 
college  at  Fort  Colville  and  also  in  the  college  at  Spo- 
kane, from  which  last  institution  he  graduated  in  1889. 
Then  he  returned  to  the  farm  and  since  that  time  he 
has  given  his  time  to  farming  and  raising  stock  as  men- 
tioned above. 

On  September  20,  1899,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr. 
Dowd  married  Miss  Beatrice  M.,  daughter  of  Fred- 
erick E.  and  Minnie  (Raul)  Kling,  natives  of  Germany 
and  Mobile,  Alabama,  respectively.  Mrs.  Dowd  has 
three  brothers,  Frederick,  William  and  Roy,  who  is  a 
half-brother.  Mrs.  Dowd  was  born  in"  Lewiston, 
on  July  20,  1880.  Mr.  Dowd  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters,  Harry,  Mary  E.  Erb,  both  in  Lew- 
iston, and  Matthew,  on  the  farm.  One  child  has  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dowd,  Aileen  Marie.  These 
worthy  people  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church. 
Mr.  Dowd  is  a  strong  advocate  of  good  schools  and  al- 
ways labors  hard  for  their  betterment.  He  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat in  political  matters  and  takes  an  active  part. 


MATTHEW  DOWD.  It  is  pleasant  to  contem- 
plate that  in  these  western  sections  where  the  pioneers 
labored  so  hard  to  gain  a  foothold  that  now  there  is 
rising  up  a  worthy  class  who  are  pushing  their  achieve- 

foundations  laid  by  their  sturdy  ancestors.     Notable 
among  this  number  of  young  men  is  the  subject  of  this 


sketch  who  was  born  on  the  place  where  he  now 
lives,  on  March  22,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Michael 
and  Elizabeth  Dowd.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Ireland,  being  born  in  1824.  He  was  a  pioneer  of  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  wrought  at  his  trade,  that  of  ma- 
chinist and  blacksmith.  The  mother  was  also  born  in 
Ireland  in  1840,  and  died  in  1898.  These  worthy  peo- 
ple came  to  California  in  1860  and  the  father  wrought 
at  the  forge,  in  the  mines  and  in  San  Francisco  for  four 
years  and  then  determined  to  try  Idaho.  He  went 
into  the  Pierce  City  mines  and  there  operated  some 
mines  that  he  gained  title  to  and  also  labored  at  his 
trade,  doing  well  in  both  lines.  Five  years  of 
this  labor  and  then  he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county 
and  bought  the  land  where  our  subject  now  lives, 
seven  miles  southeast  from  Lewiston.  This  was  in 
1870,  and  in  1873  he  was  called  away  by  death.  The 
mother  was  left  with  four  small  children  and  nobly 
did  she  take  up  the  burdens,  hiring  help  and  overseeing 
the  farm.  Our  subject  received  his  education  in 
Spokane  and  at  Fort  Colville,  being  well  trained. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  quit  school,  went  into  the 
stock  business  and  farming  with  his  brother  Charles, 
and  they  have  had  good  success  in  these  lines,  being 
men  of  care  and  industry,  always  dominated  with 
wisdom. 

On  November  4,  1897,  Mr.  Dowd  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Patrick  and  Bridget  Gaffney, 
natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  was  a  mining  man, 
born  in  1837  and  died  in  189^.  The  mother  still  lives 
in  Pierce  City.  Mrs.  Dowd  has  four  brothers,  Frank, 
John,  William  and  Robert,  all  in  Pierce  City.  Mrs. 
Dowd  was  born  in  Pierce  City  on  July  29,  1874.  Mr. 
Dowd  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Harry, 
Mary  Erb,  and  Charles.  Mr.  Dowd  is  a  member  of 
the  Catholic  church,  as  also  is  his  wife  and  they  are 
devout  supporters  of  their  faith.  He  is  a  stanch 
Democrat  and  is  always  attending  to  political  matters 
in  their  season.  Mr.  Dowd  owns,  with  his  brother 
Charles,  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  fine  land  and 
there  are  five  artesian  wells  on  the  place.  He  raises 
cattle  and  horses  and  has  large  bands  of  them.  The 
farm  produces  wheat,  barley  and  alfalfa.  He  has  a  fine 
home  and  the  estate  is  improved  in  a  becoming  manner. 
Mr.  Dowd  is  an  advocate  of  good  schools  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Pioneers'  Association. 


E.  CLAY  CHAPMAN.  The  prosperous  farmers 
and  stockmen  of  the  reservation  country  surely  in- 
clude the  subject  of  this  article.  His  estate  lies  just 
east  from  Melrose  and  is  in  fee,  Indian  land,  but  is 
operated  by  Mr.  Chapman,  who  is  making  a  good  divi- 
dend producer  from  the  property. 

E.  Clay  Chapman  was  born  in  Wabash  county, 
Indiana,  on  April  22,  1851,  being  the  son  of  George 
W.  and  Catherine  C.  (Ritter)  Chapman.  The  father 
was  a  cooper,  born  in  Knox  county,  Ohio,  in  1826. 
He  was  a  pioneer  in  Iowa  and  now  lives  near  Yollmer, 
Idaho.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania in  1828  and  is  living  near  Yollmer.  The 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


family  came  to  Illinois,  settling  in  Princeton,  when 
this  son  was  two  years  old.  On  October  30,  1861, 
they  landed  in  Poweshiek  county,  Iowa,  and  there  our 
subject  grew  to  manhoou  and  secured  his  educational 
training.  When  twenty-one  he  started  in  life's  battle 
for  himself  and  farmed  in  Iowa  until  1879.  Then  he 
went  to  Custer  county,  Nebraska,  took  land,  farmed 
and  raised  stock  until  1887.  He  was  very  success- 
ful in  those  labors  and  accumulated  a  goodly  holding. 
He1  wished  to  see  the  west  and  so  sold  out,  and  in 
company  with  many  neighbors  came  to  Latah  county, 
Idaho.  '  Soon  he  was  in  Nez  Perces  county  and  took 
a  preemption  near  Westlake,  and  went  to  raising  stock 
and  wheat.  This  property  was  sold  in  1892  and  on 
account  of  failing  health  of  his  wife,  a  trip  was  made 
to  Alberta,  Canada.  This  was  an  unfortunate  venture 
and  Air.  Chapman  lost  heavily.  In  May,  1893,  he  re- 
turned to  Vollmer  and  gave  his  atteneion  to  farming 
and  lumbering  until  1898,  when  he  came  to  his  present 
location. 

On  October  II,  1872,  Mr.  Chapman  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Judge  John  B.  and  Mary  C. 
(Bickle)  Stitt.  Tudge  Stitt  was  a  native  of  Ohio, 
a  pioneer  in  Kansas  and  died  in  1879.  Mrs.  Stitt  was 
a  native  of  Virginia  and  is  now  deceased.  Mrs.  Chap- 
man was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1852  and  has  four  sis- 
ters, Hattie,  Mattie,  Anna,  and  Jennie,  and  one 
brother,  Samuel,  at  Lamar,  Missouri.  Mr.  Chapman 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Thomas  C., 
deceased;  George  W.,  deceased;  John  W.,  Albert  B., 
Alice  S.  Jones,  and  Clara  Schultz.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chapman,  Carl  E.,  de- 
ceased:  Clyde  D.,  in  Culdesac;  Claude  H.,  at  home; 
Hattie  V.,  "wife  of  Richard  Stinson,  at  Vollmer.  Mrs. 
Chapman  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr. 
Chapman  is  a  Republican  in  politics  and  is  always 
active  for  the  betterment  of  the  country.  In  his  farm 
labors  Mr.  Chapman  confines  himself  largely  to  pro- 
ducing flax  and  he  is  a  successful  raiser  of  this  im- 
portant crop. 


AARON  J.  RICHARDSON.  The  industrious 
mechanic,  whose  name  initiates  this  pararaph,  is  one 
of  the  substantial  laborers  on  the  reservation  who 
have  made  it  one  of  the  most  thrifty  spots  in  Idaho. 
He  is  operating  a  blacksmith  shop  in  Melrose,  in 
partnership  with  Mr.  Coker,  having  taken  up  this  in- 
dustry in  June,  1902.  In  addition,  Mr.  Richardson 
has  a  fine  farm  about  two  miles  northwest  from  town 
where  he  is  bestowing  much  thought  and  capital.  It 
is  a  good  piece  of  land  taken  from  the  wild,  and  is 
being  made  one  of  the  valuable  and  highly  improved 
estates  of  the  county.  It  contains  a  good  orchard,  is 

through  hired  help  directed  by  Mr.  Richardson  in  ad- 
dition to  his  shop  work. 

Aaron  J.  Richardson  was  born  in  Benton  county, 
Oregon,  on  January  28,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Rich- 
ard C.  and  Sarah  E.  Richardson.  The  father  was  born 
in  Missouri  in  1834,  is  now  a  resident  of  Nez  Perces 
county.  He  is  a  pioneer  in  Oregon  and  took  his  part 


in  the  Indian  wars.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Missouri  in  1840  and  died  in  1886.  Aaron  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  twenty,  then  came 
Pullman  for  himself  and  there  wrought  at  black- 
smithing,  ranching,  carpentering  and  so  forth,  until 
1898,  which  was  the  date  of  his  advent  to  the  reser- 
vation country.  He  selected  his  present  place  and  has 
taken  hold  with  his  hands  and  has  done  a  commend- 
able work  in  improvement  and  in  building  up. 

Mr.  Richardson  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
Melrose  Camp  No.  6216.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  poli- 
tics but  never  strives  for  personal  advancement  in 
that  realm.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters :  Zerilda  A.,  at  San  Francisco ;  Thomas  J.,  in  this 
county ;  Victoria,  in  Benton  county,  Oregon ;  Sidney, 
in  Idaho  county ;  Laura,  in  Oregon ;  Tolbert,  in  Whit- 
man county:  Sarah,  living  near  Salem,  Oregon, 
Charles,  Henry,  Mary,  Jesse,  arid  Emery,  all  in  Nez 
Perces  county. 


FRANK  NELSON.  This  well  known  young  man 
has  gained  for  himself  a  good  reputation  on.  account 
of  his  uprightness  and  his  careful  walk  while  he  has 
also  gained  a  competence  in  worldly  goods  because  of 
his  thrift,  industry  and  careful  managing  the  resources 
placed  in  his  hands  in  this  rich  country.  Frank  Nel- 
son was  born  in  Marion  county,  Iowa,  on  October 
27,  1870,  being  the  son  of  James  R.  and  Mary  C. 
(Ruddell)  Nelson.  The  father  was  born  in  Adams 
county,  Illinois,  on  October  30,  1840,  was  a  pioneer  to 
Lewiston,  coming  here  in  1862,  later  returning  to  Illi- 
nois for  a  time,  and  is  now  one  of  the  substantial 
citizens  of  this  county.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Adams  county,  Illinois,  in  1841  and  died  November  18, 
1897.  Our  subject  came  with  his  parents  to  Walla 
Walla  when  he  was  but  seven  years  old  and  there  he 
labored  on  his  father's  farm  and  attended  school  until 
they  removed  into  Nez  Perces  county.  The  father  came 
hither  for  range  for  his  stock,  in  which  business  he 
made  a  good  success.  When  twenty-one  Frank  started 
for  himself  and  farming  was  his  initial  work.  At  the 
opening  of  the  Nez  Perces  reservation,  he  refused 
to  take  land  on  account  of  the  exorbitant  price  asked 
by  die  government,  it  being  cheaper  to  buy  land  out- 
right. He  has  continued  farming  and  mining  ever 
since  he  has  been  doing  for  himself  and  he  has  some 
fine  properties  on  Snake  and  Clearwater,  they  being 
gold  and  silver  bearing  ledges.  He  also  has  stock  on 
those  ranges. 

On  October  15,  1891,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr. 
Nelson  married  Miss  Florence,  daughter  of  Emory 
and  Rhoda  Whitcomb.  The  father  was  a  millwright, 
born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1821  and  died  in  Novem- 
ber, 1898.  The  mother  was  born  in  Illinois  on  May 
27,  1824,  and  died  on  August  27,  1889.  Mrs.  Nel- 
son was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois,  on  September 
18,  1867-  She  came  to  Idaho'in  1887  and  she  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Josephine 
Leachman.  in  this  county:  James  W.,  also  in  this 
county:  Charles  E.,  in  Lewiston.  Mr.  Nelson  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  K.  of  P.  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Lewiston.  Mrs.  Nelson  is  a  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist church.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Nelson  is  allied 
with  the  Republican  party  and  always  displays  a  com- 
mendable activity  in  the  affairs  of  state.  He  is  a  warm 
advocate  of  good  schools  and  is  always  in  the  van  for 
their  betterment.  Mr.  Nelson  had  two  uncles  who 
fought  for  their  country  in  the  Civil  war. 


GEORGE  L.  RICHARDSON.  This  successful 
farmer  and  business  man  lives  on  an  estate  adjoining 
Melrose,  where  he  is  making  a  comfortable  and  valu- 
able abode.  He  raises  cattle,  hogs,  horses,  and  does 
a  general  farming  business,  while  he  is  steadily  adding 
the  improvements  needed  to  make  his  farm  first  class 
in  every  particular.  In  addition  to  the  farm  enter- 
prise, Mr.  Richardson  is  assistant  postmaster  in  Mel- 
rose  and  is  a  salesman  in  the  store  of  T.  H.  Thompson. 

George  L.  Richardson  was  born  in  Benton  county, 
Oregon,  on  October  15,  1868,  his  parents  being 
Thomas  and  Nancy  (Cooper)  Richardson.  The  father 
was  a  farmer,  born  in  Missouri  in  1834,  and  died  in 

camped  on  the  ground  where  Pullman,  Washington, 
now  stands,  when  there  was  not  a  house  there.  He 
fought  in  the  Indian  wars,  before  the  town  of  Walla 
Walla  was  established.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Missouri  in  1850  and  still  lives  in  Nez 
Perces  county.  George  remained  at  home  until  twenty- 

whither  the  family  had  moved.  Many  were  the  nights 
that  they  hid  for  fear  of  the  Indians  and  they  had 
the  hardships  and  trials  of  the  pioneers  to  endure. 
In  1898  Air.  Richardson  came  to  the  Nez  Perces 
reservation  and  took  a  homestead.  Later  he  sold  this 
and  bought  his  present  place  on  account  of  school 
facilities  for  his  children. 

On  March  15,  1891,  Mr.  Richardson  married  Miss 
Ada,  daughter  of  Miller  and  Lydia  (Bliou)  Curl, 
the  nuptials  occurring  in  eastern  Oregon.  Mr.  Curl 
came  to  Oregon  in  pioneer  days  and  this  daughter 
was  born  in  the  Willamette  valley  in  1874.  She  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  William,  Frank, 
Walter  and  Anna.  Mr.  Richardson  has  two  brothers, 
Claude  and  Ernest,  both  in  this  county.  To  our  sub- 
ject and  his  gracious  wife  there  have 'been  born  three 
children,  Merle,  May,  and  Fay,  aged  nine,  seven  and 
five  at  the  present  writing.  Mr.  Richardson  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  a  charter  member  of  the 
M.  W,  A.,  aiding  to  organize  the  latter.  Republican- 
ism is  his  belief  in  politics  and  he  is  a  substantial  and 
upright  man,  commanding  the  respect  and  winning 
the  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 


CHARLES  BLIESNER.  A  man  whose  thrift 
and  wisdom  have  granted  the  rewards  due  these  excel- 
lent virtues,  and  who  is  at  this  time  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  representative  citizens  of  the  reservation 
country  and  has  assisted  materially  to  develop  this 


favored  region,  it  is  becoming  that  he  should  receive 
especial  mention  in  the  volume  that  recites  the  history 
of  northern  Idaho. 

Charles  Bliesner  was  born  in  Prussia,  Germany, 
on  December  6,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Christ  and 
Rachel  Bliesner,  also  natives  of  the  same  place.  In 
1882  the  family  came  to  the  United  States  from 
Bremen,  landing  in  Baltimore.  Soon  we  see  them  in 
Fond  du  Lac,  Wisconsin,  where  they  remained  until 
1885,  when  a  western  journey  was  made  which  brought 
them  to  Spokane  county,  Washington.  There  the  par- 
ents remain  at  this  time.  They  have  the  following 
children:  Frederick,  Christ  and  William,  in  Spokane 
county;  August,  Charles  and  Otto,  in  Nez  Perces 
county ;  Gustav,  also  in  Spokane  county.  In  the  spring 
of  1896  our  subject  made  his  way  to  the  reservation 
country  and  located  on  his  present  place,  about  two 
miles  north  from  Nezperce.  This  is  one  of  the  choic- 
est pieces  of  land  in  this  vicinity  and  Mr.  Bliesner 
has  improved  it  in  a  worthy  manner.  He  came  with 
but  little  finances,  but  now  has  a  valuable  farm,  good 
buildings,  stock,  implements,  and  orchards,  and  is  one 
of  the  leading  farmers  of  this  section.  His  house  is 
one  of  five  rooms,  a  barn  eighteen  by  thirty  and  a 
granary  sixteen  by  thirty-two.  Mr.  Bliesner  had  to 
haul  his  first  three  crops  to  Lewiston,  Spalding  and 
Culdesac,  but  notwithstanding  the  hardships  and 
arduous  labors  to  perform,  he  has  held  tenaciously  to 
the  one  pursuit  and  success  has  crowned  him. 

On  March  i,  1901,  Mr.  Bliesner  married  Miss 
Nettie,  daugher  of  Mathias  and  Ellen  Henderson, 
natives  respectively  of  Ireland  and  Canada,  and  who 
came  to  Spokane  county  in  1890.  The  father  died  in 
1899  ancl  the  mother  is  dwelling  near  by  on  the  reser- 
vation. Mr.  Bliesner  is  a  man  of  excellent  standing 
in  the  community,  has  maintained  a  first  class  repu- 
tation and  is  the  recipient  of  the  friendship  of  all  who 
know  him.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  the  M.  W.  A. 


AUGUST  LARSON.  The  grand  old  motto, 
"What  is  worth  doing  is  worth  doing  well,"  has  been 
exemplified  in  the  career  of  the  subject  of  this  article 
and  it  is  with  pleasuree  that  we  are  privileged  to  put 
in  the  abiding  chronicles  of  his  county  an  epitome  of 
the  same,  since  also  he  has  done  much  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  county's  interests  and  has  conducted  him- 
self in  a  commendatory  manner  here. 

August  Larson  was  born  in  Sweden  on  June  30, 
r86i,  being  the  son  of  August  and  Carolina  (Blom- 
christ)  Larson.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Sweden, 
farmed  there  and  is  still  living,  although  born  in 
1828.  The  mother  was  born  'in  1833  and  is  still 
living.  August  attended  school  and  worked  on  the 
farm  until  1879,  when  lie  bade  farewell  to  home, 
severed  family  ties  and  came  to  America.  Landing  in 
New  York,  he  went  thence  to  Chicago  and  worked  on 
the  Douglas  pike  for  a  year  and  then  went  to  Iowa, 
where  he  farmed  for  ten  years.  He  did  well  and 
accumulated  a  good  property  and  in  1890  he  decided 
to  come  west.  On  May  3ist  of  that  year,  he  landed 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  Nez  Perces  county  and  took  up  a  preemption  in 
Tammany  hollow.  He  improved  and  tilled  it  until 
1899,  then  sold  and  bought  his  present  place,  twelve 
miles  southeast  from  Lewiston.  He  has  a  good  estate, 
well  improved,  a  good  band  of  cattle  on  Salmon  creek, 
and  other  property.  He  has  been  prospered  in  his 
labors  on  account  of  his  industry,  his  wise  manage- 
ment and  his  keen  foresight  in  business  matters. 

In  1885  Mr.  Larson  married  Miss  Walker,  who 
was  born  in  Scotland  in  1865  and  came,  to  America 
when  sixteen  years  of  age.  To  them  have  been  born 
six  children:  Albert,  August,  Fred,  George,  Bob  and 
Grace.  Mr.  Larson  has  brothers  and  sisters  named  as 
follows:  Axtel,  Oscar,  Amel,  deceased,  Emma,  Alma, 
deceased.  The  living  ones  are  in  Sweden.  Mr.  Lar- 
son is  affiliated  with  the  Masonic  order  and  with  the 
M.  W.  A.  He  is  road  supervisor  and  has  been  for 
seven  years.  He  has  also  been  a  member  of  the  school 
board.  In  political  matters,  he  is  a  Democrat  and  an 
influential  factor  in  this  realm.  Mr.  Larson  is  a  warm 
advocate  of  good  government,  good  schools,  good 
roads,  and  good  churches,  and  for  all  these  worthy 
matters  he  labors  faithfully. 


ZEPHANIAH  A.  JOHNSON.  It  is  with  pleas- 
ure that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  in  this  history  a  re- 
view of  the  leading  business  man  and  prominent  mem- 
ber of  society  whose  name  appears  above,  and  who 
is  proprietor  of  the  largest  flour  mills  in  the  county. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  born  in  Benton  county,  Iowa, 
on  February  28,  1868,  being  the  son  of  Stephen  and 
Elizabeth  (Hardinger)  Johnson,  natives  respectively, 
of  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  Ohio.  The  father 
was  a  farmer  and  carpenter  and  later  was  a  faithful 
preacher  in  the  German  Baptist  church.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  native  place  and  labored  with  his 
father  until  twenty-three.  Then  he  bought  a  farm  of 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  for  himself  and  after 
cultivating  it  six  years,' came  to  the  reservation.  Two 
years  after  it  opened  he  bought  the  improvements  of 
a  man,  added  materially  in  erecting  greater  and  bet- 
ter improvements  and  then  filed  and  sold  it  three  years 
later  as  a  relinquishment.  He  then  erected  a  large 
flour  mill  in  Nezperce,  it  being  of  seventy-five  bar- 
rels capacity  daily,  and  equipped  with  all  the  modern 
and  up-to-date  machinery  known,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
finest  plants  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state.  In 
June,  1901,  Mr.  Johnson  completed  a  fine  two-story 
residence  on  the  hill  overlooking  the  town,  and  he 
supplied  the  home  with  a  three-story  observatory 
tower,  that  makes  the  place  doubly  attractive.  It  is 
one  of  the  finest  places  in  the  county  and  is  made  at- 
tractive and  beautiful  by  the  taste  'and  tact  of  Mrs. 
Johnson,  who  presides  with  graciousness.  In  addition 
to  the  properties  mentioned,  Mr.  Johnson  has  a  fine 
quarter  section  of  land  one-half  mile  from  the  town, 
which  he  utilizes  as  headquarters  for  his  industry  of 
raising  hogs,  which  he  Is  building  up  in  good  shape, 
thus  making  a  market  at  home,  as  he  purchases  many 


The  marriage  of  Mr.  Johnson  and  Miss  Emma  A., 
daughter  of  Jacob  B.  and  Sallie  (Arnold)  Lehman, 
who  are  deceased,  was  solemnized  on  March  4,  1891. 
Mrs.  Johnson  is  a  native  of  Benton  county,  Iowa.  To 
them  have  been  born  four  children,  Charles  Clifford, 
Murrel,  Ray  and  James  W.  Mr.  Johnson  has  three 
brothers  and  three  sisters,  William  F.,  George  R., 
James  M.,  Elma  Jones,  ,Olive  Cox,  Mary  Jorgans. 
Mrs.  Johnson  has  two  brohers  and  four  sisters,  Jacob, 
George  L.,  Rebecca  Fletcher,  Nannie  Pike,  Sadie, 
Lydia. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  are  members  of  the  German 
Baptist  church  and  are  devout  supporters  of  the  faith, 
being  also  consistent  in  their  representation  of  the 
denominational  teachings  in  practical  life.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1902,  Mr.  Johnson  suffered  the  loss  of  his  fine 
home  by  fire. 


OREN  L.  DICKINSON.  In  addition  to  han- 
dling a  fine  tract  of  land  which  Mr.  Dickinson  secured 
on  the  reservation  by  the  homestead  right,  he  has, 
since  1901,  been  operating  a  drug  store  at  Melrose, 
where  he  is  working  up  a  good  patronage.  He  is  a 
man  of  good  standing  and  has  labored  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  interests  of  the  country  and  is  a  progressive 
and  patriotic  citizen. 

Oren  L.  Dickinson  was  born  in  Oswego,  New 
York,  on  August  12,  1840,  being  the  son  of  Ru- 
dolphus  and  Margaret  K.  (Coplin)  Dickinson.  The 
father  was  a  merchant  and  died  in  1893,  while  the 
mother  was  born  in  Michigan.  Oren  was  raised  by 
his  grandfather  Coplin,  until  ten,  his  father  being  in 
California,  and  then  the  father  came  home  and  took 
him  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  where  he  received  his  edu- 
cation. Oren  remained  with  his  father  until  he  was 
eighteen  and  then  started  out  in  the  world  for  him- 
self. Three  years  were  spent  in  traveling  to  various 
places  and  then  he  setled  in  Dixon,  Scott  county, 
Iowa,  and  took  a  mail  contract.  In  September,  1863, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Ninth  Iowa,  and  served 
principally  on  scout  detachments  in  Arkansas.  After 
three  years  of  faithful  service,  he  was  discharged  at 
Davenport  and  now  is  the  recipient  of  twelve  dollars  . 
per  month  from  the  government.  Following  the  war 
he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  with  his  brother 
Arthur  for  two  years  in  Calamus,  Iowa.  In  1873  he 
took  a  homestead  near  Harrison,  Arkansas,  and  two 
years  later  returned  to  Iowa  and  took  up  the  tinner's 
business.  It  was  in  1882  that  he  retired  from  that  and 
migrated  to  Palouse,  Washington,  where  he  continued 
the  tinner's  work  in  connection  with  a  preemption  in 
Latah  county.  That  was  his  home  for  fourteen  years 
and  then  upon  the  opening  of  the  reservation,  he  came 
hither  and  took  his  present  place,  which  he  is  handling 
in  partnership  with  his  son. 

In  Scott  county,  on  September  9,  1860,  Mr:  Dick- 
inson married  Miss  Susan,  daughter  of  John  and 
Margaret  (Anfinson)  Larson,  natives  of  Norwav. 
Mrs.  Dickinson  was  also  born  in  Norway,  on  March 
13,  1844,  and  came  to  the  United  States  with  her  par- 
ents in  1856.  She  was  well  educated  before  coming  to 


ZEPHANIAH  A.  JOHNSON. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


225 


this  country.  The  parents  settled  in  Illinois  and  then 
came  to  Iowa.  She  has  three  brothers:  Louis,  Anfin, 
and  John.  Mr.  Dickinson  has  one  brother,  Arthur, 
living  in  -Missouri,  and  one  half-brother,  Frank  Dick- 
inson, in  Vineland,  Washington.  To  our  worthy  sub- 
ject and  his  estimable  wife  there  have  been  born  the 
following  named  children:  Rudolphus  S.,  in  Iowa; 
Joacauin,  in  Nez  Perces  county;  Alfred,  at  home; 
Donacelia.  wife  of  W.  R.  Skey ;  May  V.  Yarbrough ; 
Sophia,  wife  of  Jesse  J.  Wright ;  Melrose,  Arthur  F. 
and  Chester  O.,  both  at  home.  Mrs.  Dickinson  is  a 
faithful  member  of  the  Lutheran  church.  Mr.  Dick- 
inson is  an  adherent  of  the  Republican  party  and  takes 
a  very  active  part  in  the  campaigns.  His  grandfather 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution  and  this  son  is  not  a 
whit  behind  in  patriotism. 


ALOIS  KACHELMEIR  was  born  in  the  east- 
ern part  of  Germany,  on  June  25,  1856,  being  the  son 
of  Joseph  and  Catherine  Kachelmeir,  both  natives  of 
Germany.  The  father,  a  musician,  was  justice  of  the 
peace  in  Germany  for  sixteen  years.  In  1857  they 
came  to  New  York,  and  thence  to  New  Ulm,  Minne- 
sota, where  the  father  secured  land  and  farmed.  Our 
subject  grew  to  manhood  on  the  farm  and  was  edu- 
cated in  both  the  German  and  English  schools.  On 
October  23,  1888,  in  Renville  county,  Minnesota, 
Mr.  Kachelmeir  married  Miss  Mary  Gaurahy,  whose 
parents  were  born  in  Ireland,  but  she  was  born  in 
Renville  county,  on  May  i,  1871.  In  1893  Mr. 
Kachelmeir  came  to  Spokane  and  farmed  near  Trent. 
Upon  the  opening  of  the  reservation  in  the  fall  of 
1895,  he  immediately  came  hither  and  selected  his 

Present  farm  about  two  miles  northeast  from  Nezperce. 
t  is  one  of  the  very  choicest  farms  in  this  section 
of  the  country  and  has  been  handled  in  a  very  skillful 
manner  by  the  owner.  He  has  a  good  house,  a  choice 
orchard  and  all  outbuildings  and  improvements 
necessary  for  carrying  on  the  estate.  Mr.  Kachelmeir 
has  shown  himself  to  be  an  honest,  industrious,  and 
upright  man,  a  worthy  citizen  and  one  whose  labors 
have  always  been  for  substantial  improvement  and 
the  building  up  of  the  country.  His  example  in  first 
class  farming  has  been  of  great  benefit  as  a  fine 
practical  object  lesson  to  the  new  comers  on  the  reser- 
vation and  it  has  stirred  the  spirit  of  emulation  in 
many  and  the  general  result  has  been  of  value  to  the 

Six  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kachelmeir,  Joseph,  Alois,  Cecelia,  Mary,  Bridget  C, 
and  Ralph.  Mr.  Kachelmeir  and  his  estimable  wife 
are  members  of  the  Catholic  church,  while  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  St.  Joseph's  Union  of  Renville  county,  Min- 
nesota. 


SILAS  JOHNSON.  A  capable  and  upright  man, 
whose  life  is  consistent  with  his  faith  and  who  has 
won  and  retains  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who 
know  him,  it  is  quite  within  the  province  of  this  vol- 


ume that  our  subject  should  be  represented  in  the  bio- 
graphical portion  thereof. 

Silas  Johnson  was  born  in  Greene  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  January  29,  1846,  being  the  son  of  Zepha- 
nia  and  Rachel  (Ulery)  Johnson.  Our  subject  was 
educated  and  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  place,  and 
for  fifty-two  years  he  dwelt  on  the  old  home  place, 
within  three  miles  of  where  his  father  had  been  born  in 
1812.  On  July  8,  1875,  at  the  native  place,  Mr.  John- 
son married  Miss  Nannie,  daughter  of  John  and  Maria 
(Lockard)  Rudabaugh,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
residents  of  Westmoreland  county,  where  Airs.  John- 
son was  born  on  May  13,  1854.  Mr.  Johnson  followed 
farming  and  raising  stock  there  until  1898,  when  he 
came  on  the  long  journey  to  Nezperce,  landing  here 
on  March  31,  1898.  He  soon  bought  the  relinquish- 
ment  to  his  present  place  and  settled  down  to  make  a 
home.  The  land  was  wild  then,  but  he  has  it  all  culti- 
vated now,  wel!  fenced  and  adorned  with  a  fine  eight- 
room  house,  large  and  substantial  barn  and  all  acces- 
sories needed  on  a  well  regulated  farm.  Mr.  Johnson 
is  one  of  the  thrifty  and  prosperous  farmers  of  the 
country  and  is  of  exceptionally  good  standing.  He 
and  his  wife  and  their  children  are  all  members  of  the 
well  known  German  Baptist  church,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Howard,  and  are  devout  supporters  of  the  faith. 
Six  children  have  been  born  to  this  happy  home,  name- 
ly :  Leslie,  married  to  Gertrude  Young ;  Alice,  wife  of 
David  John ;  Melvin,  married  to  Daisy  Center ;  Ethel, 
wife  of  Peter  Fike ;  Pearl  and  Howard,  both  at  home. 
Mr.  Johnson  has  always  evinced  the  keenest  interest  in 
advancing  the  educational  facilities  of  the  land  where 
he  has  dwelt,  as  also  in  the  general  progress  and  sub- 
stantial development  of  the  country. 


SAMUEL  W.  MARSHALL.  Located  at  what 
was  once  known  as  the  Beeman  stage  ranch,  about 
one  mile  north  from  Lookout,  is  this  prosperous  far- 
mer, as  well  as  teacher  of  vocal  music,  in  which  line  he 
has  been  blessed  with  abundant  success,  being  endowed 
by  nature  for  the  fine  art,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  entitled  to  representation  in  the  history  of  Nez  Per- 
ces county. 

Samuel  W.  Marshall  was  born  in  Newton  county, 
Missouri,  on  April  2,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Elias  M. 
and  Rebecca  (Sutherland)  Marshall.  The  father  was 
a  farmer  and  minister  in  the  church  of  Christ.  He 
was  born  in  Illinois  in  1831,  and  died  on  March  5, 
1890.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Newton  and  Jasper  coun- 
ties, Missouri,  also  in  Bourbon  county,  Kansas.  He 
was  a  scout  in  the  Sixth  Kansas  Cavalry,  enlisting  in 
the  fall  of  1861  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Prairie 
Grove  and  Cane  Hill.  Being  discharged  on  account 
of  sickness  he  soon  joined  the  militia  and  assisted  to 
chase  Price  out  of  the  country.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Indiana  in"  1838  and  is  now  living 
in  Joplin,  Missouri ;  her  father  was  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  Newton  county,  Missouri.  When  Samuel 
was  seven  the  family  went  to  Fort  Scott,  Kansas,  and 
there  he  was  raised  and  educated.  Returning  to  New- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ton  county,  he  soon  went  into  the  mines  in  the  vicinity 
of  Joplin  'and  then  took  up  farming.  He  had  received 
a  technical  training  in  music  in  the  meantime  and 
commenced  to  give  instruction  in  vocal  music.  In 
1888  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Moscow,  where  he  rented 
land  extensively  until  1893,  doing  well  until  that  "wet 
year.'"'  Losing  heavily,  he  then  went  as  foreman  for 
the  Farmers'  Warehouse  at  Jewell.  Four  years  later 
he  took  a  position  as  weigher  for  the  Tatoma  Grain 
Company  at  Kendrick  and  after  two  years  of  service 
he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county.  He  located  on  the 
Cottonwood  for  a  time  and  in  1900  he  came  to  his 
present  place,  which  he  intends  to  farm  to  fruit  and 
grasses. 

On  December  25,  1876.  in  Joplin,  Missouri,  Mr. 
Marshall  married  Miss  Mary  M.,  daughter  of  Abram 
and  Rebecca  (Henry)  Shira,  of  German  extraction 
and  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  respectively.  Mrs. 
Marshall  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  October  26,  1856,  and 
has  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  George  M.,  Emma 
Blankinship,  John  H.  Mr.  Marshall  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Elizabeth  Wolf,  Margaret  L. 
Hooper.  Cyrus  A.,  Martha  J.  Garrison,  Seth  W.,  de- 
ceased, Edward  E.,  Schuyler  C.,  Ira  S.,  deceased, 
Fredrick  and  Perry  D.  Eight  children  have  been  the 
fruit  of  this  happy  union:  George  A.,  in  Moscow; 
James  C..  deceased;  Hattie  J.  Keeney,  in  Rosedale, 
Washington ;  Ida  R.,  deceased ;  Minnie'  A.,  a  musician 
in  Rosedale ;  Charles  L.,  deceased ;  William  O.,  Mary 
G.  Mr.  Marshall  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  at 
Lookout.  He  is  also  a  school  trustee  and  labors  faith- 
fully for  the  improvement  of  the  schools.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Marshall  are  consistent  members  of  the  Church 
of  Christ.  Mr.  Marshall  was  the  last  postmaster  at 
Beeman. 


LONZO  McWILLIS.  The  reservation  portion  of 
Nez  Perces  county  is  the  newest  portion  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  state,  its  settlement  dating  from  1896. 
Among  the  later  ones  to  settle  on  this  desirable  section 
of  land  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  bought  his 
present  estate,  about  five  miles  northwest  from 
Culdesac.  Mr.  McWillis  is  a  substantial  man  of  ability 
and  is  improving  his  place  in  fine  shape  and  is  counted 
one  of  the  progressive  and  enterprising  men  of  the 
county. 

I.onzo  McWillis  was  born  in  Port  Oxford,  Oregon, 
in  1869,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Mary  E. 
(Dougherty)  McWillis.  The  father  was  born  on  the 
ocean  while  his  parents  were  coming  from  Scotland, 
in  1836.  He  was  raised  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  professional  cook  on  the  Ohio  river  steamboats. 
He  die'd  in  1887.  The  mother  was  born  in  Iowa  in 
1847  and  in  l849  her  father  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  bringing  the  family  in  1852,  with  ox  teams. 
His  name  was  Nathan  Dougherty,  he  was  born  in 
Indiana  'and  he  married  Lydia  Rickard,  a  native  of 
New  York.  Our  subject  remained  at  home  with  his 
parents  until  he  had  reached  his  majority,  and  then 
he  migrated  to  eastern  Oregon,  taking  up  the  sheep 
business  in  Grant,  Cook,  and  Gilham  counties.  In 


1899  he  sold  his  possesions  there  and  came  to  Nez 
Perces  count}-.  Idaho.  As  mentioned  above,  he  bought 
his  land  instead  of  taking  it  as  a  homestead.  Immedi- 
ately Mr.  McWillis  went  to  work  in  improving  the 
estate.  He  built  a  beautiful  modern  house  and  soon 
after  moving  in  it  burned  to  the  ground.  At  the 
present  time  he  is  engaged  in  erecting  a  commodious 
barn  and  his  estate  is  being  improved  accordingly  in 

°  Mr.  McWillis  is  the  originator  of  a  new  kind  of 
flax  which  is  lighter  colored,  earlier,  produces  more 
seed  to  the  acre,  and  yields  more  oil  to  the  pound  than 
the  ordinary  flax.  On  five  square  rods  of  ground 
seventy -five  pounds  were  raised  and  the  test  shows  the 
white  flax  to  yield  at  least  sixteen  one-hundredths  of 
a.  pound  more  oil  per  bushel  than  the  average  variety. 
On  November  19,  1894,  at  The  Dalles,  Oregon, 
Mr.  McWillis  married  Isabella,  daughter  of  Jason  R. 
and  Mary  C.  Butler.  Mrs.  McWillis  was  born  in  Lynn 
county,  Oregon,  in  June,  1871.  She  has  three  brothers 
and  five  sisters,  while  Mr.  McWillis  has  two  sisters 
and  six  brothers.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
this  happy  marriage,  Leonard  M.  and  Mabel  E.  Po- 
litically Mr.  McWillis  is  a  Republican  and  takes  the 
part  of  the  interested  and  intelligent  citizen.  It  is  of 
interest  that  the  father  of  our  subject  was  in  the  In- 
dian war  of  1855-6,  having  enlisted  at  The  Dalles. 


FRANK  W.  HILTON.  To  the  well  known  and 
industrious  merchant  whose  name  is  above,  we  grant 
space  in  this  history  as  he  is  one  of  the  leading  men 
of  Leland,  has  made  a  commendable  record  and  is 
a  substantial  and  good  citizen  and  an  upright  and 
capable  man. 

Frank  W.  Hilton  was  born  in  Muskegon,  Michigan, 
on  August  25,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Richard  and 
Rachel  (Bailey)  Hilton.  In  1864  the  family  came  to 
Inyo  county,  California,  and  there  the  father  bought 
several  hundred  acres  of  land.  The  parents  still  live 
there.  As  soon  as  our  subject  had  finished  his  edu- 
cation, he  assisted  his  father  in  freighting  from  Los 
Angeles  to  Independence,  the  county  seat  of  Inyo  • 
county.  Also  during  this  time  he  learned  the  wagon 
and  blacksmith  trade.  When  he  was  eighteen  he  went 
to  Arizona  and  freighted.  Two  years  later  we  find 
him  in  St.  Clair  county,  operating  a  supply  store  on 
the  Pescadero  and  Saratoga  road,  and  then  he  erected 
a  hotel  on  the  summit  of  the  range  and  conducted  it 
for  two  years.  Returning  to  Inyo  county  he  started 
a  little  town  in  Round  valley,  which  is  now  a  thriving 
trading  point.  He  then  went  to  Pendleton,  took  land 
and  after  five  years  sold  it.  His  next  move  was  to 
Genesee,  where"  he  purchased  a  blacksmith  shop.  This 
was  sold  in  1893  and  then  Mr.  Hilton  came  to  Leland, 
taking  up  the  same  business  with  the  added  part  of 
merchandising.  In  1897  the  store  burned  clown  and 
in  1901  the  shop  was  destroyed  by  fire.  The  former 
was  re-established  and  the  latter  'has  not  been.  Mr. 
Hilton  is  doing  a  good  business  and  is  popular  with 
the  trading  people. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  1871  Mr.  Hilton  married  Miss  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Eliza  (Henson)  Hartman,  natives  of 
Missouri,  and  of  German  and  Swedish  descent. 
Mr.  Hartman  is  a  prominent  merchant  in  Saratoga.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hilton  have  eight  children,  Richard,  a 
wealthy  farmer  and  real  estate  owner  at  Pomeroy, 
Washington  ;  Frank,  with  his  parents ;  Allen,  at  home ; 
Edna,  wife  of  Lee  Pencil,  a  merchant  at  Lewiston ; 
Erma.  wife  of  William  Hillman,  near  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington ;  Lettie,  Pearl  and  Kate,  at  home.  Mr.  Hilton 
is  a  Republican,  has  attended  conventions  but  never 
allows  his  name  placed  in  nomination  for  office  though 
often  urged  to  do  so.  Mr.  Hilton  has  three  brothers, 
one  sister,  Joseph  H.,  a  leading  farmer  near  Preston, 
Washington;  Oscar,  a  large  farmer  in  Inyo  county, 
California;  Charles,  a  farmer  in  the  same  county; 
Amelia,  conducting  the  mercantile  business  of  her 
husband,  who  recently  died.  Mr.  Hilton's  family  is 
an  old  and  prominent  one  in  New  York,  Judge  Hilton, 
one  of  the  wealthy  men  of  that  state  being  one  of  the 
family.  This  latter  succeeded  to  A.  T.  Stewart's  busi- 
ness upon  his  death.  Our  subject  is  an  amiable  and 
upright  man,  has  a  fine  standing  among  his  fellows 
and  has  always  manifested  industry,  assiduity  and 
wisdom  in  his  labors. 


STEPHEN  R.  SOUTHWICK.  As  one  of  the 
early  pioneers  of  this  section  of  Nez  Perces  county, 
a  man  of  energy  and  enterprise,  whose  labors  have 
materially  built  up  Nez  Perces  county,  always  domi- 
nated by  integrity,  wisdom  and  charity,  the  subject 
of  this  article  is  granted  a  representation  in  his  coun- 
ty's history  with  pleasure,  and  we  are  assured  his  life's 
sketch  will  be  interesting  to  many. 

Stephen  R.  Southwick  was  born  in  Rensselaer 
county,  New  York,  on  February  12,  1838,  being  the 
son  of  John  Wesley  and  Esther  (Chapman)  South- 
wick.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  carpenter.  At 
the  age  of  three  our  subject  was  called  to  mourn  the 
death  of  his  mother,  after  which  he  resided  with  his 
aunt,  Roxana  Chapman,  until  seventeen  years  old. 
During  this  time  he  was  favored  with  a  good  public 
school  education,  and  then  three  years  were  spent  in 
Eureka  College,  in  Woodford  county,  Illinois.  Mr. 
Southwick  then  took  up  the  work  of  the  educator  and 
followed  it  more  or  less  until  recently.  He  was  emi- 
nently successful  in  this  line  and  has  a  record  that  is 
worthy  and  good.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Southwick 
acted  as  surveyor  in  a  number  of  places.  In  Labette 
county,  Kansas,  he  was  chosen  county  surveyor  for 
two  terms.  He  also  surveyed  the  towns  of  Chetopa 
and  Oswego,  both  being  thriving  places  now.  It  was 
1882  that  Mr.  Southwick  came  to  his  present  place, 
about  one-half  mile  southwest  from  the  village  of 
Southwick,  He  took  a  quarter  section  and  added  forty 
acres  more  by  purchase.  He  cultivates  a  small  por- 
tion and  the  balance  has  fine  timber.  Mr.  Southwick 
has  had  many  experiences  in  various  frontier  lines. 
One  night,  hearing  an  outcry,  he  rose  from  his  bed  and 
opened  the  door  and  answered.  The  party  in  distress 


called  again,  and  by  this  signalling  from  each  other 
the  stranger  was  guided  to  Mr.  Southwick's  door,  and 
behold,  it  was  a  monstrous  cougar.  This  ended  that 
interview,  as  the  door  was  shut.  Again,  Mr.  South- 
wick's  daughter  was  after  the  cows  and  a  fond  bear 
accompanied  the  young  lady  home,  but  the  journey 
home  was  in  the  form  of  a' race,  and  we  understand 
that  Miss  Southwick  made  good  time,  to  the  disgust 
of  bruin,  who  fell  behind.  Again,  Mr.  Southwick 
came  suddenly  face  to  face  with  a  brown  bearship, 
and  so  unaccustomed  were  each  to  the  etiquette  of  this 
kind  of  tete-a-tetc  fellowship  that  they  ignominiously 
fled 'in  opposite  directions,  and  we  have  not  yet  heard 
the  bear's  version  of  the  episode,  but  Mr.  Southwick  is 
trustworthy  and  would  not  reflect  any  thing  on  the 

In  1888  Mr.  Southwick  was  appointed  postmaster 
at  Southwick,  the  office  being  named  for  him.  Seven 
years  and  more  he  served  faithfully  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  people.  Mr.  Southwick  is  a  Republican  and 
Populist.  He  has  been  chosen  justice  of  the  peace, 
but  would  not  act.  He  is  frequently  selected  for  the 
conventions,  both  county  and  state. 

On  July  8,  1863,  Mr.  Southwick  married  Miss 
Martha,  daughter  of  Aaron  and  Melinda  (Dougherty) 
Shay,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Shelby  county,  Illinois. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Southwick  there  have  been  born 
eight  children:  Edwin,  living  in  Canada;  Harvey, 
five  miles  southwest  from  Southwick;  LeRoy,  near 
Southwick;  Albert,  at  home;  Mary,  wife  of  Frank 
Daggett,  living  near  Southwick ;  '  Mattie,  wife  of 
Frank  Brown,  living  in  San  Jose,  California;  Emma 
and  Myrtle,  at  home.  Mr.  Southwick  has  one  sister 
in  Missouri,— Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Hall.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Southwick  and  their  children  are  members  of  the 
Christian  church  and  he  is  an  elder  in  that  organiza- 
tion. 

It  is  of  note  that  Mr.  Southwick  and  Mr.  L.  R. 
Chapman  by  hard  effort  succeeded  in  getting  the  gov- 
ernment mail  route  to  Pierce  City  from  Southwick, 
which  shortened  it  forty  miles  and  saved  much  ex- 
pense. Mr.  Southwick'  stands  exceptionally  well 
among  those  who  know  him  and  his  faithful  life  as 
an  educator  and  his  worthy  labors  in  pioneer  work  have 
given  him  an  enviable  prestige. 


GEORGE  W.  PLITER.  In  this  gentleman  we 
have  exemplified  the  true  grit  and  stability  that  have 
outridden  the  adversities  and  hardships  that  accumu- 
lated in  his  path  and  have  with  every  rising  tide  of 


trouble  foi 


lent  success  to  him  in  the  end.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  farmers  and  real  estate  holders  of  this 
county,  and  is  one  of  its  leading  and  prominent  busi- 

George  W.  Pliter  was  born  in  Gencsce  county. 
New  York,  on  March  22.  185 },  being  the  son  of 
Matthew  Pliter.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  was 
born  in  Germany  February  21,  1809.  He  came  to  this 
country  when  nine  years  of  ago.  The  mother  died 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


when  our  subject  was 
ollection  of  her.     The  f 


infant  ; 


1  he 


to  Michigan  when 
red  and  gained  his 
xlucation.  When  fourteen  he  went  to  East  Saginaw 
and  began  to  learn  the  blacksmith  trade.  He  contin- 
ued at  this  trade  until  he  was  twenty-two.  Then  he 
bought  and  sold  stock  until  1878,  making  a  good 
success.  In  1878  he  went  to  San  Francisco,  thence  to 
Portland  and  later  to  Moscow.  Next  we  see  him  at 
Lake  Waha,  where  in  company  with  John  H.  Wa- 
math  he  operated  a  sawmill  for  four  years.  In  the  spring 
of  1883  he  went  to  Seattle  and  the  next  year  returned 
to  Michigan.  Later  we  see  him  in  Pendleton  and  then 
raising  sheep  in  the  John  Day  country.  It  was  in  1886 
that  he  returned  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  again  he 
started  a  saw  mill  near  Waha  lake.  He  continued  this 
until  1895,  when  the  mill  and  all  the  contiguous  prop- 
erty burned  and  was  a  total  loss.  At  this  juncture, 
Mr.  Pliter  lost  five  hundred  acres  of  wheat  by  the 
grasshoppers ;  the  combined  blow  would  have  defeated 
an  ordinary  man.  However,  he  went  to  work,  bought 
and  sold  cattle  and  hogs,  shipping  train  loads  of  them 
to  Kansas  City  and  Chicago.  He  did  well  and  also 
at  his  farming  and  now  he  owns  a  section  of  land  thir- 
teen miles  southeast  from  Lewiston,  and  sold  four 
hundred  acres  besides,  this  spring.  He  has  good 
improvements  and  stock  in  abundance. 

In  1888  Mr.  Pliter  married  Miss  Mattie  Parker, 
who  died  in  1894.  In  the  fall  of  1897  Mr.  Pliter  mar- 
ried Miss  Agnes  L.  Reed,  born  in  Clark  county,  Mis- 
souri, in  1864.  Her  parents  are  dead  and  also  her 
eight  brothers  and  sisters.  Mr.  Pliter  has  the  follow- 
ing half  brothers  and  sisters:  Frank  M.,  William, 
Catherine  Gilbert,  Lydia  Stingle,  Emma  Buckey. 
Mrs.  Pliter  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
and  is  a  graduate  of  Park  College,  Missouri.  Mr. 
Pliter  is  one  of  the  active  Republicans  of  the  county 
and  has  done  exceptionally  good  work  in  this  realm. 
He  is  a  warm  advocate  of  good  schools  and  is  a 
heavy  tax  payer,  thus  backing  up  his  stand  for  better 
educational  facilities  with  the  means  to  do  the  work. 
Mr.  Pliter  operates  a  combined  harvester,  there  be- 
ing but  one  other  in  the  county.  He  is  an  active, 
enterprising  agriculturist  and  a' keen  and  masterful 
business  man  and  has  done  a  great  deal  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  interests  of  the  county,  both  by 
individual  labor  and  improving  his  property  and  in 
his  creating  a  market  in  his  stock  buying  and  also  in 
many  other  ways,  being  progressive  and  up-to-date. 
Mr.  Pliter  had  one  brother,  John,  in  the  Civil  war. 


WILLIAM  L.  RUDDELL.  It  now  becomes  our 
pleasant  privilege  to  outline  in  brief  the  interesting 
career  of  the  industrious  and  capable  gentleman  men- 
tioned at  the  head  of  this  article.  It  is  quite  becoming 
that  he  should  be  granted  recognition  in  his  county's 
history,  since  he  has  labored  faithfully  here  for  the 
betterment  of  the  schools  of  the  county,  has  always 
stood  for  good  government,  and  in  industrial  life  he 
has  wrought  with  a  firm  hand  and  winning  skill,  while 


his  moral  conduct  has  been  such  as  to  win  the  appro- 
bation of  all  who  know  him. 

William  L.  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois, 
October  18,  1864,  being  the  son  of  John  D.  and  Uri 
(Nichols)  Ruddell,  natives  of  Adams  county,  Illinois, 
where  the  mother  still  lives,  the  father  dying  in  1876. 
A  more  extended  mention  of  these  worthy  people  i 
made  in  another  portion,  of  this  volume.  William' 
grandfather,  John  M.  Ruddell,  was  a  leader  in  his 
county  and  the  Democratic  party,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  state  legislature  of  Illinois.  William's  grandfa- 
ther, Nichols,  was  one  of  the  leading  stockmen  of 
Adams  county  and  a  good  man.  Mr.  Ruddell  died  in 
Missouri  when  this  son  was  nine  years  of  age.  Will- 
iam then  went  to  live  with  his  father's  father  and  there 
remained  until  he  was  of  age,  receiving  a  good  educa- 
tion. He  and  his  brother  George  decided  to  come  west, 
and  on  October  18,  1885,  they  landed  in  Lewiston ;  for 
ten  years  they  labored  together  in  various  lines,  both 
renting  land  and  buying.  Finally,  in  1897,  our  sub- 
ject purchased  his  present  place  of  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres,  thirteen  miles  southeast  from  Lewistoi 
where  he  does  a  general  farming  business  and  raises 
some  stock. 

On  October  12,  1888,  Mr.  Ruddell  married  Mis 
Hattie  G.,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Priscilla  (Timmons) 
Mounce,  natives  of  Indiana  and  Ohio.  To  this  happy 
union  there  have  been  born  four  children,  all  at  hoi 
and  named  as  follows,  Harry,  Clair,  Ethel,  and  Mearl. 
Mrs.  Ruddell  was  born  in  Iowa  on  July  6,  1869.  Mr. 
Ruddell  is  a  member  of  M.  W.  A.,  at  Lewiston.  He 
and  his  wife  are  devout  members  of  the  Christian 
church.  Mr.  Ruddell  is  an  active  Democrat,  believing 
in  the  stanch  old  Jeftersonian  principles  of  democra  . 
He  is  especially  active  in  the  betterment  of  educational 
facilities  and  is  now  acting  as  clerk  for  his  district. 
Mr.  Ruddell  had  three  uncles  in  the  Civil  war,  and 
W.  D.  Ruddeil  was  captain.  Mrs.  Ruddell  had  four 
uncles  in  the  same  conflict. 


JOSEPH  P.  WOOD.  The  career  of  this  stirring 
gentleman  in  an  exceptionally  complete  manner  exem-  . 
plifies  the  hardships  and  labors  of  the  pioneers,  and 
also  he  has  demonstrated  what  success  can  be  achieved 
by  care  and  industry. 

Joseph  P.  Wood  was  born  in  Umatilla  county,  Ore 
gon,  on  November  n,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Jane  (Carey)  Wood.  The  father  was  born  in 
Knox  county,  Tennessee,  on  February  16,  1809,  and 
died  on  August  3,  1878.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Uma- 
tilla county  in  1863,  being  one  of  the  very  first  men  to 
farm  in  that  county.  He  crossed  the  plains  with  ox 
teams  and  remained  on  his  homestead  until  his  death. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio  and  died 
in  Oregon  in  1899.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  in 
Ash  Grove,  Iowa,  and  her  father,  Jonathan  Carey,  was 
a  Cumberland  Presbyterian  minister,  becoming  such 
at  the  age  of  twenty.  Joseph  grew  up  and  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  piace.  He  remained  with  his 
mother  until  he  was  twenty  and  then  married  Anna 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


229 


White,  who  died  eighteen  months  later.  Subsequent 
to  this,  Mr.  Wood  travelled  over  the  northwestern 
states  and  spent  one  winter  in  the  Yellowstone  region. 
Then  he  came  to  Walla  Walla,  married  and  settled 
down  to  farming,  buying  land.  He  prospered  until 
1893,  when  everyone  was  broken  financially  or  sadly 
shaken,  and  he  suffered  with  the  rest.  He  struggled 
on  and  operated  a  threshing  machine  and  had  to  under- 
go much  sickness,  but  at  the  time  of  the  opening  of 
the  reservation  he  came  to  Nezperce  straightway,  and 
there  located  his  family  while  he  searched  for  a  place. 
He  selected  his  present  abode,  three  and  one-half  miles 
southwest  from  Melrose,  and  filed.  He  brought  his 
family  thither  with  much  difficulty,  as  there  were  no 
roads  and  he  was  obliged  to  sell  his  wagon  to  procure 
food.  He  lost  a  fine  horse  in  hauling  lumber,  and  for 
the  first  year  or  two  it  was  a  desperate  struggle  to  keep 
back  the  wolf.  However,  Mr.  Wood  was  possessed  of 
determination  and  skill,  and  he  continued  and  now  has 
a  fine  place,  well  improved,  owns  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres,  raises  cattle,  horses,  hogs  and  diversified 

Cr°In  Walla  Walla,  in  1891,  Mr.  Wood  married  Miss 
Jennie,  daughter  of  Daniel  Priest,  a  soldier  of  the  Civil 
war,  a  pioneer  in  Ohio  and  Michigan,  being  a  native  of 
Indiana,  and  is  now  dwelling  in  Lynn  county,  Kansas. 
Mrs.  Priest  was  born  in  Indiana,  had  thirteen 
brothers  and  sisters.  Mrs.  Wood  was  born  in 
Wayne  county,  Ohio,  on  June  2,  1861,  and 
has  twelve  brothers  and  sisters,  nine  of  whom 
whom  are  living.  Mr.  Wood  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  Clarinda  A.  Beard,  in  Walla 
Walla;  Mary  E.  Maxin.  in  Oakland,  California; 
George,  on  the  old  place  in  the  vicinity  of  Walla  Walla  ; 
William,  also  on  the  old  homestead.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood,  Roy  and  Edna. 
Mr.  Wood  and  his  wife  are  devout  members  of  the 
Methodist  church.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  takes  part 
in  some  of  the  conventions,  but  is  liberal  in  his  princi- 
ples. Mr.  Wood  has  been  a  member  of  the  school 
board  from  the  first  and  is  always  striving  for  better- 
ment in  this  line.  He  advocates  better  schools  and 
is  strongly  in  favor  of  raising  the  money  for  them. 


JOSEPH  RAINVILLE.  Rainville  &  Brothers,  in- 
cluding Fred,  Antoine,  Felix,  three  brothers,  and  Jo- 
seph Rainville,  their  father,  are  a  firm  of  well-to-do 
farmers  whose  estate  of  over  five  hundred  acres  lies  five 
miles  north  from  Culdesac.  This  land  is  leased  from 
the  Indians  and  is  a  first  class  grain  and  stock  farm, 
well  handled  and  productive  of  abundant  returns. 

Joseph  Rainville  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Mont- 
real Canada,  on  April  2,  1839,  being  the  son  of  Tim- 
othy and  Flavio  (Louizel)  Rainville,  natives  of  Mont- 
treal.  The  mother  was  born  in  1820  and  died  in  1893. 
The  grandfather  was  a  soldier  under  Napoleon  and  died 
in  1856.  Joseph  worked  on  the  farm  with  his  father 
until  he  was  twenty-one  and  then  started  for  himself, 
spending  two  years  in  the  home  vicinity.  1863  marks 
the  date  of  his  advent  to  the  United  States  'and  Cali- 


fornia was  the  place  selected  for  settlement.  Six  years 
Mr.  Rainville  devoted  to  farming  and  then  he  took  up 
the  carpenter  trade  in  Plumas  county.  Later  he 
wrought  in  San  Francisco  and  also  in  San  Jose  and  in 
1879  came  to  Walla  Walla.  Mr.  Rainville  took  up 
land  and  added  by  purchase  until  he  possessed  eight 
hundred  acres  of  fine  wheat  land.  In  1886  he  went  to 
the  Umatilla  reservation  and  remained  there  until  1894, 
when  a  trip  was  made  to  Butte,  Montana.  Soon  he 
was  in  Alberta,  then  returned  to  Missoula  and  eighteen 
months  later  was  again  in  Umatilla.  In  1898,  Mr. 
Rainville  went  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  where  he  re- 
mained for  one  and  one  half  years.  Then  another  move 
was  made,  Idaho  being  the  objective  point,  and  in  1900 
he  came  to  his  present  place  spoken  of  above. 

In  1 86 1,  Mr.  Rainville  married  Miss  Julia,  daugh- 
ter of  Xavia  Baulait,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Canada. 
Mrs.  Rainville  has  not  seen  her  parents  for  thirty-six 
years.  She  has  four  brothers  and  six  sisters.  Mr. 
Rainville  has  three  brothers  and  seven  sisters.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Rainville,  there  have  been  born  ten  children, 
named  as  follows,  Joseph,  in  Oregon ;  Henry,  in  Mon- 
tana ;  Nelson,  Peter,  and  Frank,  all  in  Oregon ;  Fred, 
born  in  San  Jose,  in  1879,  is  now  one  of  the  firm;  An- 
toine, born  in  Oregon  in  1880,  also  one  of  the  firm; 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  Felix  Hamel,  in  Montana;  Rosa, 
wife  of  Nelson  Boyer,  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Felix,  at 
home.  Mr.  Rainville  and  his  family  are  adherents  of 
the  Catholic  church  and  in  political  matters  he  is  allied 
with  the  Republicans. 


JOSEPH  A.  THOMPSON.  Almost  every  state 
in  the  Union  has  her  representation  in  the  reservation 
country  and  this  cosmopolitan  population  is  one  of  the 
reasons  why  such  progression  and  prosperity  has  been 
brought  about  here.  From  Illinois  hails  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  and  in  Mercer  county,  on  January  21,  1862, 
he  first  saw  the  light.  His  parents  were  Ephraim  and 
Elizabeth  (Neeley)  Thompson.  In  the  fall  of  1865  they 
all  removed  to  Boone  county,  Iowa,  and  as  the  father 

orating  exercise  of  the  agriculturist  while  his  education 
was  gained  meantime  from  the  adjacent  public  schools. 
In  1887,  Mr.  Thompson  went  to  Oakland  county,  Mich- 
igan, and  on  Jauary  19,  he  married  Miss  Minnie  E., 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Truesdell)  Martin,  na- 
tives of  Philadelphia  and  Oakland  county,  Michigan, 
respectively.  She  was  born  October  10,  1864.  Mr. 
Martin  served  as  a  corporal  three  and  one-half  years  in 
the  Civil  war,  being  in  the  Twenty-second  Infantry  and 
the  Eighth  Cavalry  of  Michigan.  He  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R.  in  Detroit,  while  he  and  his  wife 
are  living  a  retired  life  in  McComb  county,  Michigan. 
On  March  6,  1897,  Mr.  Thompson  landed  in  Juliaetta 
and  on  the  tenth  of  the  same  month  he  arrived  in  Nez- 
perce, having  made  the  trip  from  Juliaetta  in  snow  and 
rain  and  mud,  with  much  hardship  and  attendant  labor. 
He  selected  his  present  place,  about  two  miles  east 
from  Nezperce  and  bought  the  relinquishment  from 
another  man.  He  has  since  that  time  been  steadily  pur- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


suing  the  worthy  path  of  improvement  and  in  making 
a  fine  home.  His  first  crop  was  twenty-eight  bushels 
per  acre  but  now  he  has  as  large  yields  as  any  in  this 
section.  The  farm  is  supplied  with  all  improvements 
necessary,  a  good  residence,  substantial  barn  and  other 
outbuildings.  Mr.  Thompson  handles  some  cattle  and 
does  diversified  farming.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  while  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Re- 
bekahs,  all  in  Nezperce.  Mr.  Thompson  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  W.  A.,  being  a  popular  associate  in  these 
relations  as  he  is  also  in  general.  He  is  a  man  of  in- 
tegrity and  is  of  excellent  standing  among  the  people 
of  the  community. 


THOMAS  STEPHENSON.  The  career  of  this 
worthy  gentleman,  especially  since  he  has  been  in  Nez 
Perces  county,  shows  conclusively  what  can  be  done 
here  by  taking  hold  with  one's  hands  and  operating 
with  wisdom  the  resources  of  the  country.  Coming 
here  in  1896,  with  an  old  wagon  and  team,  ten  dollars 
in  cash  and  a  couple  of  weeks'  supply  of  flour,  Mr. 
Stephenson  has  wrought  with  a  master  hand  until  now 
he  has,  located  five  miles  southeast  from  Melrose,  a 
beautiful  and  valuable  farm,  all  tilled  in  excellent  shape, 
a  large  and  tasty  residence,  one  of  the  finest  orchards  in 
the  county,  stock  of  all  kinds  and  all  the  implements 
needed  in  carrying  on  the  farm,  being  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  and  substantial  men  of  this  section.  Mr. 
Stephenson  raises  the  cereals,  flax  and  carries  his  farm 
on  with  skill.  He  is  now  erecting  one  of  the  finest 
barns  of  the  community. 

Thomas  Stephenson  was  born  in  Cumberland,  Eng- 
land, on  January  29,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and 
Mary  A.  (Hornsby)  Stephenson,  natives  of  Cumber- 
land, and  born  in  1829  and  1833,  respectively.  They 
are  still  living  in  Nez  Perces  county.  The  family  came 
to  Canada  when  Thomas  was  two  and  one  half  years 
of  age,  settling  in  the  county  of  Gray.  There  our  sub- 
ject received  his  education  'in  the  excellent  schools  of 
that  country  and  he  remained  at  home  until  he  was 
twenty-six.  At  that  time,  Mr.  Stephenson  went  to  do 
for  himself  and  rented  a  farm  in  the  neighborhood. 
Later  he  took  a  homestead  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Huron  and  for  six  years  he  dwelt  there.  Thence  he 
went  to  Alberta  and  spent  four  years  before  he  decided 
the  country  was  too  cold.  Then,  in  1896,  he  came  to 
the  Nez  Perces  country  and  has  since  wrought  here  as 
stated  above,  with  gratifying  results. 

In  Canada,  on  August  12,  1878,  Mr.  Stephenson 
married  Miss  Joanna,  daughter  of  John  and  Frances 
•(Cobbledeck)  Williams,  natives  of  England.  Mrs. 
Stephenson  was  born  in  Canada,  in  1855,  and  has  five 
brothers  and  five  sisters.  Mr.  Stephenson  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters,  Emma,  Henry,  Philas, 
John,  Sarah,  Mary,  Fannie,  and  Phurness.  '  The  fol- 
lowing named  children  have  come  to  gladden  and  bless 
the  home,  Joseph,  John,  Frances,  Emma,  Thomas, 
Reuben.  Frances  is  married  to  Mr.  John  Procunier,  of 
this  county.  Politically,  Mr.  Stephenson  is  independent 
and  reserves  for  his  own  choice  the  man  rather  than  the 


tenets  of  the  party.  Mr.  Stephenson  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  school  board  and  believes  in  good  schools 
and  is  willing  to  pay  his  share  towards  sustaining  such. 
Mr.  Stephenson  is  well  satisfied  with  this  country  and 
speaks  very  highly  in  its  praise  and  in  turn  he  is  highly 
spoken  of  by  all  who  know  him. 


HARRY  D.  KINSMAN.  This  well  known  and 
representative  business  man  is  now  in  charge  of  the 
Sweetwater  warehouse  one  and  one-half  miles  south 
from  Lapwai.  He  is  a  man  of  stability  and  has  the 
respect  and  confidence  of  all. 

Harry  D.  Kinsman  was  born  in  Canada,  on  De- 
cember 28,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Sophia 
(Forsyth)  Kinsman.  The  father  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire,  in  1809  and  died  in  1896.  His  ancestors 
were  in  the  Revolutionary  war  and  many  relatives  par- 
ticipated in  the  Civil  war.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Canada,  in  1820,  and  is  still  living  there. 
Harry  was  reared  in  Canada  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
went  to  Massachusetts.  He  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  a 
public  school  education  and  when  twenty-four  went  to 
Central  America  and  thence  through  Mexico  to  Cali- 
fornia. Afterwards,  he  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  there 
did  a  warehouse  business  for  twelve  years.  Next  we 

years  and  then  he  assisted  to  erect  the  building  where 
he  is  doing  business  at  the  present  time.  He  does  a 
good  business  for  the  owners,  the  property  being  the 
Kittenbach  Company's  warehouse. 

On  October  10,  1898,  at  Spokane,  Washington,  Mr. 

Anna  (Conway)  Williamson,  natives  of  Scotland  and 
New  York,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  fruit  raiser 
in  California.  Mrs.  Kinsman  was  born  in  Sacramento 
county,  California,  and  has  one  sister,  Julia,  and  one 
brother,  James.  Mr.  Kinsman  has  the  following 
brothers,  Lament,  Robert,  George  and  Frank.  To  our 
subject  and  his  wife  there  has  been  born  one  daughter, 
Julia  F.  Mr.  Kinsman  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  Mrs.  Kinsman  is  a 
member  of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Kinsman  is  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  in  Lapwai  and  he  is  active  in  political 
matters,  being  a  Republican. 


GEORGE  H.  RUDDELL.  Thirteen  miles  south- 
east from  Lewiston  is  the  estate  of  four  hundred  acres 
which  is  the  home  place  of  the  subject  of  this  article. 
It  is  a  valuable  farm  and  is  handled  with  the  enterpris- 
ing skill  and  assiduity  of  Mr.  Ruddell,  which  insures 
him  annual  dividends  of  handsome  returns  in  crops 
and  stock.  He  is  an  excellent  man,  a  good  citizen,  an 
advocate  of  good  government  and  schools  and  is  popu- 
lar and  stands  well. 

George  H.  was  born  in  Chariton  county,  Missouri, 
on  May  26,  1866,  being  the  son  of  John  D.  and  Urilla 
M.  (Nichols)  Ruddell.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  a 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Democrat  and  active  for  the  welfare  of  the  county.  He 
was  born  in  Illinois  in  1834  and  died  in  1876.  He  had 
served  in  the  Civil  war.  being  four  years  under  Grant. 
He  enlisted  in  the  Fiftieth  Illinois  as'lieutenant  and  was 
promoted  to  a  captaincy.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Illinois  in  1847,  and  lives  there  now.  The  parents  came 
to  Missouri  in  April,  1866,  and  George  was  born  the 
next  month.  He  attended  school  and  worked  at  home 
until  seventeen  and  then  went  to  live  with  his  grand- 
parents, Nichols,  in  Ursa,  Adams  county,  Illinois. 
Three  years  were  spent  there  and  then  he  came  west. 
October  15,  1885,  was  the  date  when  he  landed  in 

maining  two  years  and  then  in  company  with  his 
brother  William  rented  a  farm  for  three  years  more. 
They  then  bought  land  on  Waha  prairie  and  four  years 
were  spent  in  its  culture  when  they  sold  out  and  rented 
again.  He  then  bought  his  present  place  of  four  hun- 
dred acres. 

On  November  18,  1896,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr. 
Ruddell  married  Miss  Edith  A.,  daughter  of  Isaac  and 
Precilla  Mounce,  natives  respectively  of  Indiana  and 
Ohio.  The  father  is  a  pioneer  of  the  state  and  a  farmer. 
Mrs.  Ruddell  was  born  in  iowa  in  1875  and  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Hattie  Ruddell, 
Clara  Goodnight,  Eben.  Smith  and  Lafayette.  Mr. 
Ruddell  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters, 
James  N..  John  D.,  William  L.,  Harry  L.,  Mattie  A. 
Lamb.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ruddell  have  been  born 
two  children,  Lloyd  H.,  five  years  old;  Kennith  D., 
four  months  of  age,  deceased.  Mr.  Ruddell  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  K.  of  P.  and  M.  W.  A.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church  and  are  highly  re- 
spected people  and  valuable  members  of  society. 


JOHN  WISSINK,  an  exemplary  and  enterprising 
young  farmer  residing  three  miles  east  from  Nezperce, 
is  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  reservation 
country  and  deserves  to  have  a  position  in  the  history 
of  his  county.  He  was  born  in  the  province  of  Gelder- 
land,  Holland,  on  July  22,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Bern- 
ard and  Gerharda  (Bongers)  Wissink,  natives  of  the 
same  place.  There  he  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  in  1885  came  with  his  parents  on  the  steam- 
er Weasland,  of  the  Red  Star  line,  to  New  York,  whence 
they  came  direct  to  Lyon  county,  Minnesota,  where  the 
father  bought  a  farm.  Later  they  moved  to  several 
different  places  in  the  east.  On  October  17,  1898,  Mr. 
Wissink  married  Miss  Antoinette  Van  Wychen,  whose 
parents  were  natives  of  Holland.  She  was  born  in 
Little  Chute.  Wisconsin.  In  IQOO  Mr.  Wissink  came 
with  his  wife  to  Uniontown,  Washington,  whither  his 
parenrs  had  preceded  them.  The  following  spring  Mr. 
Wissink  came  to  the  reservation  and  bought  the  re- 
linquishment  of  his  present  place,  which  is  about  one 
hundred  acres  of  grazing  land  and  the  balance  is  excel- 
lent for  grain  and  hay.  The  farm  is  provided  with 
plenty  of  running  water  and  is  improved  with  buildings, 
orchard,  fences  and  so  forth.  Mr.  Wissink  handles 
some  stock  and  does  a  general  farming  business.  He 


is  thrifty  and  industrious  and  has  the  good  will  and  re- 
spect of  all  who  know  him.  Mr.  Wissink  and  his  wife 
are  devout  members  of  the  Catholic  church  in  Nez- 
perce and  he  is  always  interested  in  the  welfare  and 
progress  of  the  country. 


THOMAS  G.  JOHNSTON.  About  twelve  miles 
southeast  from  Lewiston  is  the  fine  wheat  farm  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  It  consists  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  fertile  soil  which  annually  produces  fine 
dividends  of  golden  grain.  He  has  it  well  improved 
and  has  lived  here  since  1896,  the  date  of  his  advent  to 
Nez  Perces  county. 

Thomas  G.  was  born  in  Toronto,  Canada,  on  April 
25,  1847,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Graham) 
Johnston.  The  father  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in 
1811,  and  came  to  Canada  in  1830.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Enniskillen,  Ireland,  in  1809,  and  died  Decem- 
ber 8,  1868.  In  his  native  place  our  subject  was  edu- 
cated and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  started  for  himself.  He 
learned  the  blacksmith  trade  and  until  1870  he  steadily 
worked  at  it  in  Canada.  Then  he  came  to  Chicago 
and  thence  to  Benton  Harbor,  Michigan,  where  he 
wrought  at  the  forge  for  ten  years.  The  next  move 
was  to  Grand  Forks,  North  Dakota,  where  he  took  up 
land  and  went  to  farming,  devoting  a  portion  of  his 
time  also  to  his  trade.  In  1889,  he  left  that  country 
and  located  in  Douglas  county,  Oregon.  He  bought 
a  ranch  there  and  was  numbered  with  the  thrifty  agri- 
culturists until  1896,  the  date  of  his  coming  to  Nez 
Perces  county.  He  selected  the  farm  where  he  now 
lives,  purchased  it  and  there  he  has  bestowed  his  labors 
since  that  time  with  gratifying  success. 

On  November  27,  1872,  in  Benton  Harbor,  Mich- 
igan, Mr.  Johnston  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Robinson 
and  two  children  have  been  the  fruit  of  the  union, 
Frances  M.,  wife  of  Alexander  Stevenson,  in  this  coun- 
ty ;  William  T.,  at  home.  Mrs.  Johnston  was  born  in 
Steuben  county,  New  York,  in  1845,  to  Cyrus  and 
Sarah  (Porter)  Robinson,  natives  of  New  York.  Her 
indfather  was  killed  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
her  half  brother,  S.  O.  Coddington,  her  brothers,  Will- 

and  John,  and  her  brother-in-law,  Perry  Nichol- 
son, were  all  in  the  Civil  war.  She  had  the  following 
brothers,  John,  William,  deceased,  Robert  and  James. 
Mr.  Johnston  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  he 
md  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 
Mr.  Johnston  takes  a  proper  interest  in  political  mat- 

and  is  allied  with  the  Republican  party. 


WILLIAM  A.  EASTMAN  is  a  man  who  has 
demonstrated  to  all  who  will  see  that  where  there  is  a 
will  there  is  a  way.  He  now  lives  five  miles  west  from 
Nezperce,  where  he  has  a  fine  farm  of  one  quarter  sec- 

,  well  improved,  owns  considerable  stock,  does  a 
general  farming  business  and  is  prospered.  In  contrast 
to  this  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  when  Mr.  Eastman 

e  to  this  reservation  country,  he  had  sixty  cents  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


his  pocket,  which  was  his  total  cash  capital,  besides 
which  he  owed  sixty  dollars  for  a  horse  recently  pur- 
chased. He  threw  up  a  rough  log  cabin  for  his  family 
and  covered  it  with  sacks  for  a  shelter,  his  family  con- 
sisting of  wife  and  one  baby.  Then  he  determined  to 
see  what  could  be  done  and  the  excellent  showing  men- 
tioned above  is  the  result  of  the  labors  of  himself  and 
his  worthy  wife. 

William  A.  Eastman  was  born  in  Jones  county, 
Iowa,  on  October  4,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Daniel 
and  Adelaide  (Nottingham)  Eastman,  natives  of 
Michigan  and  Illinois,  respectively.  The  father  was 
born  in  Kalamazoo,  in  1840,  enlisted  in  the  Civil  war 
but  was  discharged  before  service  and  died  in  1868. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  1844  and  died 
on  October  9,  1901.  Our  subject  remained  at  home, 
assisting  in  the  support  of  the  family  and  attending 
school  until  thirteen.  The  family,  the  mother  having 
married  again,  removed  to  Republic  county,  Kansas, 
and  William  started  for  himself  there.  He  was  in 
the  implement  business  for  two  years  in  Hardy.  Ne- 
braska, and  in  the  spring  of  1895  he  came  west  to  Mos- 
cow and  upon  the  opening  of  the  reservation  he  selected 
his  present  place. 

On  May  /,  1893,  at  Republic,  Kansas,  Mr.  Eastman 
married  Miss  Mabel,  daughter  of  Oscar  and  Lelia 
(Hazelton)  Ware,  natives  of  Michigan.  The  father 
was  a  carpenter  and  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war.  Mrs. 

from  the  Kansas  normal  school  and  for  years  devoted 
herself  to  teaching.  She  taught  the  first  school  in  the 
district  where  they  live  now.  She  has  one  brother  and 
six  sisters,  Walter,  Alma  McArthur,  Minnie  Bruce, 
Essie  Fisher,  Stella,  Lora,  Ruth.  Mr.  Eastman  has 
one  sister,  Mary,  deceased,  and  three  half  brothers, 
Walter.  Eli  and  Arthur.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eastman  have 
three  children,  Clarence,  Elwyn  and  Verne  H.  Mr. 
Eastman  is  a  member  of  the  W".  of  W.  and  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  church.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Democrat  and  active  for  general  prog- 
ress. He  is  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  the  dis- 
trict is  a  prosperous  one.  Mr.  Eastman  has  fine  build- 
ings and  good  improvements  on  his  place.  On  Octo- 
ber 4,  1902,  Mr.  Eastman  purchased  eighty  acres  ad- 
joining the  home  farm  on  the  north. 


JOSEPH  A.  SCHULTZ.    There  are  few 
the  state  of  Idaho  who  have  made  so  brilliant  and 
at  the  same  time  so  substantial  a  su< 
subject  of  this  sketch, 


s  the 


ccess  as     as      e 

,  t  the  preent  time  stands  as 

one  of  the  veritable  leaders  in  Nez  Perces  county  in 
the  line  of  business.  He  has  fully  demonstrated  his 
fitness  for  this  position  by  his  unbounded  success,  his 
wisdom,  good  financiering,  executive  force  and  keen 
foresight,  all  of  which  enable  him  to  handle 


, 
terful  way  the  ge 


ral  s 


ope  of  hi 


well 


as  attend  to  all  details. 

Joseph  A.  Schultz  was  born  in  Effingham  county, 
Illinois,  on  February  20,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Aug- 
ust and  Mary  (Quatman)  Schultz.  The  father  was 


born  in  Germany  and  is  now  sixty  years  of  age,  liv- 
ing in  Effingham  county,  Illinois.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Ohio,  being  aged  fifty-six,  and  her  parents 
were  natives  of  Germany.  Our  subject  was  reared 
on  a  farm,  partaking  well  of  the  vigorous  exercise  of 
that  excellent  place  and  receiving  from  the  public 
schools  the  beginning  of  his  education,  which  he 
finished  in  the  St.  Joseplv  College  at  Teutopolis,  Illi- 
nois. Immediately  upon  leaving  school,  he  took  up 
the  work  of  teaching  in  Shelby  county,  and  in  1890 
he  came  to  Idaho  county,  Idaho,  and  taught  in  Cot- 
tonwood  and  Kewterville  for  a  time  and  then  re- 
moved to  Uniontown,  Washington.  Here  he  em- 
barked in  the  mercantile  business,  and  for  five  years 
he  was  postmaster.  In  April,  1900,  Mr.  Schultz  came 
to  Nezperce  and  in  February,  1901,  entering  into 
partnership  with  O.  M.  Collins,  of  Uniontown,  he 
opened  the  Bank  of  Nezperce. 

He  started  with  a  capital  of  ten  thousand  dollars. 
He  is  now  organizing  the  Bank  of  Nezperce  into  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Nezperce  with  a  capital  of 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  The  deposits  of  the  in- 
stitution now  aggregate  fifty  thousand  and  through 
the  excellent  management  which  conserves  the  inter- 
ests of  the  patrons,  and  deferential  treatment  of  all, 
the  bank  has  come  to  be  one  of  the  strongest  monied 
institutions  of  the  northern  part  of  the  state.  Ow- 
ing to  the  fact  that  Mr.  Collins  is  one  of  the  heaviest 
real  estate  holders  in  Whitman  county  and  in  Nez 
Perces  county,  and  to  the  excellent  financial  ability 
displayed  by  Mr.  Schultz,  as  well  as  his  large  prop- 
erty holdings  outside  of  the  bank,  it  stands  on  an  ex- 
ceptionally good  footing  and  has  the  confidence  of  the 
monied  men  and  associate  banks,  as  well  as  of  the  en- 
tire country  where  it  does  business.  Mr.  Schultz 
has  the  largest  general  merchandise  establishment  in 
Nezperce.  When  we  consider  that  Mr.  Schultz  had 
no  capital  when  he  started  life,  that  he  accumulated  by 
his  teaching  the  few  hundred  dollars  that  enabled  him 
to  embark  in  the  commercial  world,  that  unaided  and 
entirely  by  his  own  efforts  and  wisdom,  he  has  gained 
ithe  prominent  and  leading  position  in  he  financial  world 
that  he  now  occupies,  we  then  are  able  to  discern  the 
resourcefulness  and  ability  of  the  man.  Socially,  he 
is  a  man  of  unsullied  reputation,  genial  and  affable 
and  popular,  while  in  the  political  world,  he  takes  the 
part  of  an  intelligent  citizen,  but  never  aspires  for 
public  preferment.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  has  at- 
tended the  conventions  of  the  county  and  state.  He 
was  mayor  of  Uniontown  and  also  has  held  the  same 
position  at  the  hands  of  his  fellows  in  Nezperce. 

On  February  n,  1899,  in  Effingham  county,  Illi- 
nois, Mr.  Schultz  married  Miss  Mary  G.,  daughter  of 
Doctor  Henry  and  Caroline  (Waschford)  Eversman, 
natives  of  Illinois,  but  their  ancestors  were  natives  of 
Germany.  The  ceremony  making  this  happy  couple 
husband  and  wife  was  performed  by  Father  Lambert. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Schultz  there  have  been  born  two 
children,  Frederick  J.  and  Henry  J.  Mrs.  Schultz 
is  a  graduate  of  the  Convent  of  immaculate  Concep- 
tion, at  Oldenburg,  Indiana.  She  has  one  brother, 
Henrv,  and  two  sisters,  Louisa,  wife  of  William  H. 


JOSEPH  A.  SCHULTZ. 


WILSON  BOWLBY. 


THOMAS  M.  MOCKLER. 


MARTIN  D.  MALMOE. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Engbring,  and  Lizzie,  all  in  Illinois.  Mr.  Schultz 
has  five  brothers,  August,  Frank  H.,  John,  Lawrence 
and  Ben.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Schultz  are  devout  members 
of  the  Catholic  church  and  they  are  valuable  members 
of  society,  being  secure  in  the  esteem  and  good  will  of 
all  who  know  them  and  thev  have  hosts  of  friends. 


WILSON  BOWLBY.  Among  the  pleasant  and 
truly  successful  men  in  Nezperce,  we  should  mention 
Mr.  Bowlby,  whose  genial  manner  and  good  business 
ability  and  public  spirit  have  placed  in  a  prominent 
and  popular  position.  He  is  the  owner  and  operator 
of  a  fine  drug  store  in  Nezperce  and  is  a  leader  in  his 

Wilson  Bowlby  was  born  in  Oregon,  on  the  July 
7,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Theodore  F.  and  Sophia  A. 
(Adams)  Bowlby.  The  father  was  a  native  of  In- 
diana and  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  with 
his  father,  a  physician  seeking  his  health  in  the  west. 
The  family  settled  near  Forest  Grove  and  took  land 
and  the  doctor  opened  a  drug  store  in  the  town. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farms  adjoining  this 
town,  gained  his  schooling  there  and  learned  the  drug 
business  from  his  grandfather.  His  grandfather  was 
speaker  of  the  territorial  senate  for  seven  years  and  a 
prominent  man  there.  The  mother  of  Wilson  was  a 
native  of  Ohio,  crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents  in 
an  early  day  and  was  married  to  Mr.  Bowlby  in  Van- 
couver, Washington.  In  addition  to  the  college 
course  in  the  university  at  Forest  Grove,  Wilson 
studied  denistry  for  three  years  and  later  bought  the 
drug  store  of  his  grandfather.  This  was  in  1887  and 
that  was  the  arena  of  his  labors  until  August,  1896, 
when  he  came  to  the  reservation,  bought  a  relinquish- 
ment,  and  then  practiced  denistry  in  Nezperce  for  two 
years.  The  farm  is  near  town  and  is  still  the  family 
home.  Then  Mr.  Bowlby  bought  the  drug  business 
of  Eitzen  &  Towell,  the  pioneer  drug  store  of  the 
town,  and  building  a  commodious  structure  for  the 
business,  Mr.  Bowlby  has  continued  it  since  with  ever 
increasing  patronage. 

Mr.  Bowlby  is  popularly  affiliated  in  fraternal  cir- 
cles, being  a  member  of  the' I.  O.  O.  F.,  Morning  Star, 
No.  56,  of  the  K.  of  P.,  in  Forest  Grove ;  of  the  W. 
W.,  in  Nezperce,  while  he  and  his  wife  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  church.  Politically,  Mr.  Bowlby  is 
a  staunch  Republican  and  is  always  interested  in  any 
movements  that  are  for  the  benefit  of  the  county  or 


tow 

On  May  4,  1891,  Mr.  Bowlby  married  Miss  Bertha 
E.,  daughter  of  Rev.  J.  W.  and  Sarah  H.'  (Richie) 
Spangler,  the  wedding  ceremony  occurring  in  Hills- 
boro,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Bowlby  caine  to  Oregon  in  1882 
with  her  parents.  The  father  is  a  Methodist  preacher 
located  in  Latah,  Washington,  while  his  wife  was 
state  organizer  for  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Oregon.  Three 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  •  Bowlby, 
namely,  Helen  M..  Ethel  M.  and  Bert  W.  Mr. 
Bowlby  has  five  brothers  and  three  sisters,  Charles  H., 


at  Hillsboro,  Oregon;  Theodore  A.,  in  Tilamook 
creamery:  Randolph,  Fred  and  George,  all  on  dairy 
ranches  and  in  partnership  with  Charles,  and  their 
mother  resides  with  them;  Emma  M.,  wife  of  William 
Pitman,  in  Hillsboro,  Oregon ;  Lois  and  Stella,  living 
with  their  mother.  Mrs.  Bowlby  has  two  brothers, 
James  W.,  superintendent  of  Bradstreets  agency  in 
Seattle;  Walter  W.,  at  Latah,  Washington. 


THOMAS  M.  MOCKLER.  This  gentleman  is 
the  senior  member  of  the  well  known  and  leading  firm 
of  hardware  merchants  that  bears  his  name  and  owning 
to  his  keen  business  ability  and  energy,  he  has  won  a 
success  that  is  exceedingly  gratifying,  while  his  prop- 
erty holdings  in  various  parts  of  the  country  amount 
to  vast  estates  of  great  value. 

Thomas  M.  Mockler  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  on 
March  23,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Richard  and  Kath- 
erine  (Brophy)  Mockler.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
.Ireland  and  came  to  Nova  Scotia  with  his  parents 
when  four  years  old.  He  died  in  that  country  on 
February  9,  1888,  aged  sixty-four.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  New  Brunswick ;  her  parents 

Wick  to  Nova  Scotia  and  live  there  now.  Thomas  M. 
was  raised  in  that  country  and  received  his  educational 
discipline  in  the  district  schools.  In  1882,  he  went  to 
Sutter  county,  California,  and  spent  four  years  with 
his  uncle  on  a  farm.  Then  a  move  was  made  to  Lin- 
coln county  and  a  homestead  taken  by  Mr.  Mockler. 
He  settled  to  steady  business  with  a  will  and  the  re- 
sult was,  that  inside  of  three  years  he  had  purchased 
and  paid  for  three  and  one-fourth  sections  of  land 
adjoining  his  homestead,  of  which  he  has  sold  all  but 
one  section.  He  was  a  dealer  in  stock  and  his  ex- 
cellent judgment  and  business  tact  won  for  him  this 
mammoth  domain.  At  the  opening  of  the  reserva- 
tion, Mr.  Mockler  came  hither  and  purchased  about 
three-fourths  of  a  section  of  land  in  various  places  in 
this  county  and  now  he  handles  it  to  the  cereals.  In 
August,  1896,  Mr.  Mockler  embarked  in  the  hard- 
ware business  and  took  as  partner  his  cousin,  John  H. 
Mockler  and  since  that  time  they  have  operated  the 
largest  establishment  of  the  kind  on  the  reservation. 
Since  starting,  they  have  not  handled  less  than  eleven 
car  loads  of  farm  goods  each  year  exclusive  of  cut- 
ting machinery.  They  have  an  establishment  stocked 
in  a  most  complete  manner  and  by  strict  adherence  to 
business  principles  and  fair  dealing  with  deferential 
treatment  of  patrons,  the  firm  has  gained  a  trade  that 
extends  for  many  miles  in  every  direction. 

Mr.  Mockler  has  brothers  "and  sisters  named  as 
follows :  John,  in  Nova  Scotia ;  James,  at  Stillwater, 
Minnesota ;  William,  in  Alaska  :  Frank,  handling  a  coal 
and  ice  business  in  South  Omaha,  Nebraska ;  Annie, 
wife  of  John  Doe,  in  Omaha;  Mary,  wife  of  Horace 
Thissell,  in  Clinton,  Massachusetts:  Sarah,  wife  of 
Herman  Morris ;  Kate,  single,  living  in  Nova  Scotia ; 
Ida,  wife  of  Edward  Chissel,  in'  Omaha;  Emma, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


single,  also  living  in  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Mockler  has 
never  left  the  ranks  of  the  bachelors  for  the  trying 
seas  of  matrimony.  He  is  a  man  of  integrity,  ability 
and  public  spirit  and  is  always  forward  in  any  move- 
ment that  will  advance  the  interests  of  the  town  or 
build  up  the  county.  Mr.  Mockler  has  won  many 
friends  and  his  manifested  wisdom,  stability,  and 
strong  personality  have  called  forth  the  admiration 
and  respect  of  all. 


MARTIN  B.  MALMOE.  To  men  who  have 
labored  to  open  the  country  and  who  have  continued 
in  the  noble  work  of  improvement  and  building  it  up 
the  reward  of  prosperity  and  affluence  is  due,  which  is 
now  being  felt  in  the "  reservation  country  and  as  a 
leader  in  the  lines  mentioned  we  are  to  place  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch. 

Martin  B.  Malmoe  was  born  in  central  Norway,  on 
February  10,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Michael  and 
Anna  Malmoe,  natives  of  the  same  place.  The  fam- 
ily came  from  Trondhjen  to  Quebec,  when  Martin  was 
six  years  old,  being  five  weeks  on  the  ship.  Thence 
they  w;ent  to  Montreal,  Chicago  and  finally  to  Red 
Wing,  Minnesota.  Our  subject  was  the  oldest  of 
six  children  and  grew  up  on  a  farm,  acquiring  his 
education  from  the  public  schools.  In  1885,  he  came 
to  Cheney,  Washington,  and  took  up  farming.  In 
the  spring  of  1895,  he  came  to  Latah  and  on  November 
1 8,  of  the  same  year,  he  located  his  present  place  about 
three  miles  northeast  from  Nesperce.  Being  one  of  the 
very  first,  he  secured  a  choice  piece  of  land  and  the  im- 
provements since  have  been  equal  to  the  fertility  of 
the  soil.  He  hauled  his  first  lumber  from  the  moun- 
tains twenty-five  miles  away.  Mud  and  snow  and 
rain  were  to  be  contended  with  and  all  the  hardships 
of  the  pioneer  beset  him  around.  Of  his  first  crop, 
he  took  twenty  sacks  to  Lewiston  to  mill  but  got  there 
with  only  nine  and  nine  days  were  consumed  in  the 
trip,  although  the  distance  was  but  fifty-five  miles. 
Mr.  Malmoe's  house  stands  by  the  famous  Lolo  trail 
and  he  erected  the  first  lumber  house  in  the  locality. 
In  1901,  Mr.  Malmoe  bought  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  more  and  the  entire  estate  is  in  a  high  state  of 
cultivation.  He  has  labored  with  great  wisdom  and 
thrift  and  the  result  is  the  gratifying  prosperity  that 

On  November '29,  1894,  Mr.  Malmoe  married  Miss 
Daisy  B..  daughter  of  Marion  M.  and  Elizabeth 
Nobles,  who  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  in  an 
early  day  to  Mendocino  county,  California,  where 
they  now  reside.  Mrs.  Malmoe  was  taken  by  her 
uncle,  A.  H.  Noble,  seven  months  after  birth,  which- 
occurred  on  September  5,  1877.  She  was  one  of 
twelve  children  and  came,  to  Latah  with  her  uncle  in 
1883.  Mr.  Noble  now  lives  on  the  reservation.  Five 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Malmoe, 
Jesse  A.,  Orin  A.,  Hazel  I.,  Roy  E.  and  Daisy  B. 
"Mr.  Malmoe  went  fifteen  miles  to  get  a  machine  to 
thresh  his  first  crop  and  he  still  has  a  few  sacks  of 
this  wheat,  which  is  hard  No.  i.  He  raises  some  fine 
Percheron  horses,  having  a  first  class  stallion  and 


some  breeding  mares.  Mr.  Malmoe  is  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order  and  of  the  M.  W.  A.  in  Nezperce 
and  he  stands  well  in  the  community,  being  a  man  of 
integrity  and  worth. 


ISAAC  S.  BILLOW  lives  one  mile  north  and  three 
and  one-half  miles  east  from  Nezperce  upon  a  farm 
which  he  took  from  the  wild  country  and  has  made 
one  of  the  choice  places  of  this  community.  He 
was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  on 
October  24,  1845,  being  the  son  of  Martin  and  Eliza- 
beth (Kaliney)  Billow,  natives  of  Perry  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. When  Isaac  was  five  years  old,  the  family 
came  to  Illinois  and  later  settled  in  La  Salle  county. 
There  he  grew  to  manhood  and  received  a  common 
schooling.  In  the  spring  of  1864  he  enlisted  in 
Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-second  Illi- 
nois Volunteer  Infantry.  He  belonged"  to  the  rear 
guards  and  spent  most  of  his  time  in  Kentucky  and 
on  the  Mississippi  and  participated  in  numerous  skir- 
mishes. After  six  months  of  this  service  he  was  honor- 
ably discharged  and  returned  to  La  Salle  county.  On 
February  20,  1867,  Mr.  Billow  married  Miss  Sylvia 
A.,  daughter  of  William  D.  and  Margaret  (Worsley) 
McDonald,  natives  of  New  York  and  Kentucky,  re- 
spectively. They  came  to  La  Salle  county,  where 
Mrs.  Billow  was  born  on  January  28,  1847.  Her 
grandfather,  Dr.  Malcolm  McDonald,  was  a  prominent 
surgeon  in  the  war  of  1812.  In  1870  Mr.  Billow  and 
his  wife  came  to  Carroll  county,  Missouri,  and  took  up 
farming  and  stock-raising  until  1890,  at  which  time  they 
came  west  to  Palouse,  Washington.  They  farmed  in 
Latah  county,  near  Moscow,  until  1896,  and  then  came 
to  their  present  home,  about  three  miles  northeast  from 
Nezperce.  The  farm  is  a  good  one,  all  fenced  and  culti- 
vated. A  seven-room  modern  structure  adorns  the 
property,  good  barns  and  outbuildings  are  in  evidence 
and  the  estate  presents  testimony  of  being  one  of  the 
well  kept  and  valuable  ones  of  the  county.  When  Mr. 
Billow  came  here  he  had  two  cows,  four  horses  and  a 
wagon.  Now  he  is  numbered  with  the  most  prosper- 
ous. Mrs.  Billow  is  a  devout  member  of  the  Christian 
church.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Billow:  Martha  E.,  wife  of  George  Reinhardt, 
of  Nezperce;  Addie  W.,  wife  of  Hiram  Thornburg, 
of  Moscow ;  William  F.,  near  Kamiah  ;  Maud  R.,  wife 
of  Mark  Harding,  near  Nezperce;  Charles  H.,  lona 
S.  and  Gladys  V.,  all  at  home. 


THOMAS  SULLIVAN.  This  genial  and  affable 
gentleman  was  postmaster  at  Slickpoo,  a  postoffice 
which  received  its  establishment  through  his  efforts 
and  was  named  for  an  Indian  family  near  its  location. 
Mr.  Sullivan  did  a  general  merchandise  business  in  con- 
nection with  handling  his  farm,  which  is  a  homestead 
that  he  secured  from  the  government  and  which  he  has 
improved  in  becoming  shape  since  his  settlement. 

Thomas  Sullivan  was  born  m  Queenstown,  Ireland, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


235 


on  August  n,  1843,  being  the  son  of  David  and 
Nancy  Sullivan,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  family  came 
to  New  York  when  our  subject  was  four  years  of  age, 
and  the  father  v/ent  to  sea  after  locating-  them  and  was 
never  heard  from  since.  He  is  supposed  to  have  been 
lost  at  sea.  The  mother  died  in  1859.  After  the  loss 
of  the  father,  Thomas  went  to  live  with  L.  F.  Corwin, 
in  New  Jersey,  and  he  labored  on  the  farm  there  and 
attended  school  until  he  was  sixteen.  Then  he  went 
to  New  York  and  on  April  17,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the 
Third  United  States  Regular  Infantry  and  served  three 
years.  After  that  he  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-sixth  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry  and  con- 
tinued in  active  duty  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
was  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  served  in  the 
Peninsular  campaign.  At  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  he 
was  taken  prisoner  and  kept  three  months  at  Belle 
Island  when  he  was  paroled,  pending  exchange.  After 
the  war  he  was  in  New  York  and  then  went  to  Illi- 
nois. In  1871,  he  went  to  Texas  and  in  1873  returned 
to  New  York.  In  1888,  he  came  to  Moscow  and 
opened  a  restaurant,  doing  business  there  until  Febru- 
ary, 1894,  when  a  move  was  made  to  Lewiston.  It 
was  in  1897  that  Mr.  Sulivan  came  to  his  present  lo- 
cation, took  a  homestead  and  went  to  tilling  the  soil. 
He  opened  a  mercantile  establishment,  got  the  post- 
office,  established  and  has  done  well  since  that  time. 

In  1873.  at  New  York,  Mr.  Sullivan  married  Miss 
Annie  Ouaine,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  came  to  this 
country  with  her  parents  in  18^9.  She  has  two  sisters 
living.'  Mr.  Sullivan  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Ellen  Man- 
nle,  whose  husband  was  an  old  soldier.  It  has  been 
the  lot  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sulivan  to  mourn  the  death  of 
all  three  of  their  children.  In  political  matters,  Mr. 
Sullivan  is  ,1  Democrat  and  active  in  representing  the 
principles  of  his  party.  He  and  his  wife  are  adherents 
of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Sullivan  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  and  is  a  good  citizen,  an  upright  and 
highly  respected  man. 


FERDINAND  B.  PREISIXGER.  The  parents 
of  the  subject  of  this  review,  Anton  and  Mary  Preisin- 
ger,  were  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  and  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1858.  They  located  in  Nicholas 
county,  Minnesota,  being  among  the  very  first  settlers 
there."  In  that  place  on  October  6,  1877,  Air.  Ferdi- 
nand B.  Preisinger  was  born.  He  grew  up  in  his  na- 
tive place  and  wrought  with  his  father  on  the  farm. 
His  education  was  gained  from  the  common  schools 
and  finished  in  the  Albany  high  school.  While  there 
he  served  as  apprentice  to  a  carpenter  and  thoroughly 
learned  the  trade.  In  1897  he  came  to  Spokane,  where 
he  worked  at  his  trade  a  short  time  and  then  came  to 
the  reservation  country,  locating  his  present  place  the 
same  year.  His  land  lies  about  four  and  one-half 
miles  east  from  Nezperce  and  is  one  of  the  finest  fruit 
and  vegetable  farms  in  the  county.  Half  of  the  land 
is  fitted  for  grazing  and  the  balance  is  the  finest  soil 
for  fruit  and  vegetables.  Mr.  Preisinger  has  some 
stock  and  is  improving  his  place  in  a  becoming  man- 


ner. He  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church  and  also 
of  the  Catholic  order  of  Foresters.  He  is  an  ex- 
emplarly  young  man,  has  a  first  class  standing  and 
the  good  will  of  all.  He  is  still  enjoying  the  quiet  of 
the  celibatarian  and  seems  loath  to  leave  the  ranks  of 
the  substantial  order  of  bachelors. 


THOMAS  C.  GLASS.  This  esteemed  gentleman 
is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Nez  Perces  county,  having 
lived  here  since  1879,  and  during  that  time  has  as- 
siduously devoted  himself  to  the  raising  of  stock  and 
general  farming  at  his  place,  twenty  miles  southeast 
from  Lewiston. 

Thomas  C.  Glass  was  born  in  Gardner,  Illinois,  on 
November  3,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  T.  and  Lu- 
cretia  (Williams)  Glass,  both  natives  of  Ohio.  The 
father  was  born  in  1830  and  died  in  1898,  while  the 
mother  died  in  1861.  While  our  subject  was  an  infant 
his  mother  died,  and  he  was  taken  by  an  aunt,  Ruth 
Stinson,  to  be  raised.  They  resided  in  Furnessville, 
Indiana.  Six  years  after  this  they  removed  to  Michi- 
gan and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  the  young  man  de- 
termined to  try  his  fortunes  in  the  west,  and  accord- 
ingly came  to  Nez  Perces  county,  where  his  father  was 
living.  He  remained  with  him  for  a  few  years  and 
then  in  1882  bought  the  place  that  the  father  resided 
on  and  the  elder  Mr.  Glass  purchased  another  farm. 
Since  that  time  our  subject  has  continued  to  reside  in 
this  place  and  has  also  improved  and  tilled  it  in  a 
becoming  manner.  He  pays  considerable  attention  to 
raising  stock,  having  good  horses  and  some  fine  Here- 
ford cattle.  His  residence  is  a  good  seven-room  house, 
and  other  buildings  proportionate  to  the  use  of  the 
estate  are  in  evidence. 

On  February  25,  1885,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr. 
Glass  married  Miss  Mattie  Leiberg,  and  to  them  two 
children  have  been  born,  Corwin,  aged  fourteen,  and 
Ralph  C.,  aged  seven.  Mrs.  Glass  was  born  in  Iowa 
in  1861  ;  she  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  Silas 
Johnson,  Griffith  Johnson  and  Minnie  Pangborn.  Mr. 
Glass  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Elizabeth 
Day,  Julia  Stevenson  and  John  R.  Glass.  Mr.  Glass 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  in  Lewiston.  He  is  a 
Republican,  but  is  not  bound  to  the  party,  being  inclined 
to  be  governed  by  principles  and  men  than  by  tenets. 
Mr.  Glass  is  a  good  man  and  well  respected  by  all  who 
know  him. 


GEORGE  PAHL.  A  sturdy  son  of  the  Fatherland 
who  has  chosen  the  free  institutions  of  America  for 
his  dwelling  and  who  has  manifested  patriotism  and 
loyalty  to  the  government  in  a  becoming  manner,  and 
who  is  now  one  of  the  highly  respected  and  prosper- 
ous residents  of  the  reservation  portion  of  Nez 
Perces  county,  it  is  quite  in  compliance  with  the 
province  of  the  volume  of  history  to  grant  him  a  rep- 
resentation therein. 

George  Pahl  was  born  in  Rendsburg,  province  of 
Holstein,  Germany,  on  March  10,  1870,  being  the  son 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  John  and  Abel  Pahl,  also  natives  of  Germany. 
George  attended  school  from  six  until  fifteen,  acquir- 
ing a  good  education.  In  1893  he  came  by  steamer  to 
New  York,  thence  direct  to  Spokane,  where  he  labored 
on  a  farm  until  the  spring  of  1899,  when  he  came  to  his 

E  resent  location,  about  two  miles  east  from  Nezperce, 
ere  he  purchased  the  relinquishment  to  his  farm.  It 
is  one  of  the  choice  places  in  this  community  and  has 
been  well  improved  by  our  subject.  He  is  a  skillful 
farmer  and  is  being  rewarded  for  his  labors  in  abundant 
crops.  Mr.  Pahl  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.,  at  Nez- 
perce and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church. 
He  is  a  progressive  and  enterprising  man  of  excellent 
standing  and  as  yet  has  chosen  to  remain  in  the  quiet 
security  of  the  bachelor. 


JOHN  G.  WRIGHT  is  a  veritable  leader  of  pion- 

lines  of  the  frontiersman,  fitted  for  the  stirring  career 
which  he  has  made  by  excellent  physical  powers,  keen 
perception,  good  executive  force,  arid  an  energetic  and 
indomitable  spirit.  The  best  encomium  that  can  be 
paid  to  such  a  man  is  but  to  recite  the  leading  items  of 
his  experience  and  achievements,  which  we  will  hasten 
to  do. 

John  G.  Wright  was  born  in  Livingston  county, 
New  York,  on  February  22,  1834,  being  the  son  of 
John  and  Jane  (Armstrong)  Wright,  natives  of  New 
York.  The  father  was  born  July  8,  1799,  was  a  pion- 
eer to  Boone  county,  Illinois,  in  1836,  and  died  there 
in  1881.  aged  eighty-two  years.  His  father,  Joseph 
Wright,  was  also  a  pioneer  'in  Illinois.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  1800,  and  her  father, 

in  his  section  of  New  York.  Our  subject  came  to 
Illinois  with  his  parents  when  he  was  an  infant  and  in 
Boone  county  he  received  his  schooling  in  the  winters 
and  labored  with  his  father  until  seventeen  and  then 
went  into  the  battle  of  life  for  himself.  He  assisted 
to  lay  out  the  town  site  of  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  and 
then 'went  to  steamboating.  He  was  soon  drawing  a 
salary  of  five  hundred  dollars  per  month  as  captain 
and  pilot,  the  highest  salary  paid  to  any  operator  on 
the  river.  He  did  those  labors  for  seven  years  and  then 
went  west  to  Minnesota  and  Dakota.  He  was  in  the 
cruel  Sioux  Indian  war  and  in  Cottonwood,  Brown, 
and  Murray  counties,  he  saw  the  awful  carnage  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  settlers  being  killed  by  the  savages.  Mr. 
Wright  was  on  General  Sibley's  staff.  After  that 
war,  Mr.  Wright  went  to  Austin,  Minnesota,  and  fol- 
lowed merchandising  until  1870,  when  he  removed 
to  Petaluma,  California,  where  he  sold  jewelry,  manu- 
factured hair  goods  and  dealt  in  fancy  goods.  Two 
years  later,  he  was  in  Napa  City,  manufacturing  pumps. 
Thence  he  went  to  Los  Angeles,  and  there  operated 
a  hotel  for  seven  years,  and  still  owns  the  property. 
Then  he  visited  Walla  Walla,  Lewiston,  Dayton  and 
Spokane,  and  in  1881,  he  was  in  Seattle.  Then  we 
see  him  in  British  Columbia  at  the  western  terminal 
of  the  railroad  and  in  the  sawmill  business,  where  he 


made  a  good  success.  He  also  dealt  in  real  estate  and 
later  removed  to  Pendleton,  whence  he  went  to  south- 
ern California,  thence  to  Rossland,  British  Columbia, 
and  .then  to  Alaska,  with  his  sons,  and  there  did  a 
thriving  business  in  an  eating  house.  In  1898,  Mr. 
Wright  came  from  Alaska  to  Idaho  and  at  last  set- 
tled in  Culdesac.  He  owns  an  addition  to  the  town  site 
of  Orofino.  Mr.  Wright  took  a  homestead  where  Culde- 
sac now  stands.  He  saw  the  advisability  of  platting 
the  land  for  a  town  site  and  did  so.  He  has  labored 
since  that  time  for  the  progress  and  up-building  of  the 
town  of  Culdesac  rather  than  for  personal  profit  and 
has  done  a  commendable  work  here.  Mr.  Wright  is 
now  handling  a  general  merchandise  establishment  and 
operating  a  real  estate  office.  He  has  donated  liberally 
to  all  institutions,  as  industries,  churches  and  so  forth, 
calculated  to  assist  the  town.  Mr.  Wright  is  a  public 
minded  and  generous  man  and  is  universally  esteemed 


ncl  adir 


ed  bv  all. 


In  Wisconsin,  in  1852,  Mr.  Wright  was  married. 
He  raised  three  sons,  George,  in  Seattle;  Charles,  in 
Los  Angeles;  Chauncey,  in  Alaska.  Mr.  Wright  is 
a  Mason,  and  Chauncey  is  a  member  if  the  Chapter  in 
Seattle.  He  is  an  active  Republican.  There  is  very 
much  credit  due  Mr.  Wright  not  only  for  the  worthy 
labors  done  by  him  in  the  upbuilding  and  fostering  of 
Culdesac,  but  also  in  the  achievement  accomplished  in 
other  places  and  the  sound  principles  always  put  forth 
by  him  and  his  untarnished  reputation,  being  a  man  of 
broad  views  and  ever  in  the  lead  for  the  advancement 
of  the  country  and  especially  the  locality  of  his  resi- 
dence. 


LEE  LUCAS.  In  the  subject  of  this  article  we 
have  a  supporter  of  good  schools,  good  morals,  and  a 
laborer  for  good  roads  and  progress  in  all  lines,  and 
to  just  such  men  we  owe  the  marked  development  and 
progress  of  the  reservation  portion  of  Nez  Perces 
county,  which  has  really  been  one  of  the  finest  examples 
of  transformation  from  nature's  wilds  to  the  abode  of 
civilization  in  the  northwest. 

Lee  Lucas  was  born  in  Fremont  county  Iowa,  on 
April  22,  1868,  being  the  son  of  John  L.  and  Lucinda 
(Keeler)  Lucas.  The  father  was  born  in  Green  county, 
Ohio,  on  April  22,  1819,  and  is  still  living  in  Palouse. 
He  was  one  of  the  very  first  settlers  in  Fremont  county. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Indiana  in 
1842  and  died  in  1897,  and  her  parents  were  also  pio- 
neers in  Fremont  county.  Lee  grew  to  the  age  of 
fourteen  and  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  in  his  native  place.  Then  the  father  sold  out 
and  in  1883,  landed  in  Spokane,  and  then  went  to  the 
vicinity  •  of  Steptoe  Butte  and  farmed  for  one  year. 
Then  lie  bought  land  near  Palouse  and  there  he  remains. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-three,  our  subject  took  up  the 
occupation  of  his  father,  rented  a  farm  in  the  neighbor- 
hood and  labored  there  until  the  opening  of  the  reser- 
vation ;  in  April,  1896,  he  came  hither  and  settled  on 
his  present  place,  about  five  miles  southeast  from  Mel- 
rose.  He  has  followed  the  diversified  plan  in  handling 
his  farm  and  has  shown  excellent  results  of  his  labor 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  skill.  Mr.  Lucas  is  highly  respected  on  account 
of  his  excellent  standing,  his  integrity,  his  wisdom  and 
substantiality. 

In  Whitman  county,  on  November  13,  1892,  Mr. 
Lucas  married  Miss  Sallie  K.,  daughter  of  W.  K.  and 
Susan  Lewis,  natives  of  Virginia.  Mrs.  Lucas  has 
two  brothers  and  four  sisters,  Volney,  John,  Minnie, 
Susie,  Jinnett  and  Nettie.  Mr.  Lucas  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Henry,  Riley,  Ezekiel,  Elizabeth, 
Clara,  Ruth,  Samantha.  Four  children  have  come  to 
gladden  the  household,  Ethel,  Gay,  Phelis  and  Irene. 
Mr.  Lucas  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  and  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  both  at  Melrose.  He  and  his  wife  are  consist- 
ent members  of  the  Church  of  Christ  at  Melrose  and 
are  liberal  in  their  support  of  the  same.  Mr.  Lucas 
is  road  supervisor  and  in  politics  is  a  stern  Republican, 
always  ardent  in  the  support  of  the  principles  set  forth 
by  that  party. 

WILLIAM  P.  GARNER  is  one  of  the  substantial 
men  whose  labors  have  aided  materially  in  improving 
the  reservation  portion  of  the  county  of  Nez  Perces. 
He  is  a  man  of  good  ability  and  excellent  standing 
among  his  neighbors  and  has  achieved  a  commendable 

William  P.  Garner  was  born  in  Andrew  county, 
Missouri,  on  November  21,  1848,  being  the  son  of 
Neri  and  Rachel  (Matticks)  Garner,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee and  Virginia,  respectively.  The  father  was 
born  in  1815  and  died  in  1884.  He  was  a  pioneer  in 
Andrew  county,  Missouri,  settling  on  the  old  Platt 
purchase.  The  mother  was  born  in  1810  and  died  in 
1879.  1°  J86i  the  family  removed  to  D6niphan 
county,  Kansas,  where  the  father  went  to  farming  and 
raising  stock  on  an  extensive  scale.  William  was 
educated  there  and  grew  up  on  the  farm,  working  with 
his  father  until  he  was  twenty-seven  years  of  age. 
The  last  years  he  was  in  partnership  with  his  father. 


continued  in  that  section  until  1885,  in  which  year  he 
sold  out  and  came  by  team  to  Camas  prairie,  Idaho, 
settling  west  from  Hailey.  He  secured  a  pre-emption 
and  tilled  it  until  1889,  and  then  removed  to  Josephine 
county,  Oregon,  which  place  was  the  scene  of  his 
labors  in  the  agricultural  realm  until  1895.  Then  he 
returned  to  Idaho  county,  whence  he  came  in  1897  to 
his  present  place  three  miles  northeast  from  Melrose, 
which  he  secured  as  a  homestead.  His  son,  David, 
took  a  claim  adjoining  and  they  have  devoted  them- 
selves to  improvement  and  advancement  in  general 
farming  and  raising  stock  since  that  time. 

In  Missouri,  on  February  4,  1874,  Mr.  Garner  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  M.,  daughter  of  David  and  Isabella 
(Turner)  Harness,  natives  of  Virginia  and  now  both 
dead.  Mrs.  Garner  was  born  in  Buchanan  county, 
Missouri,  in  1850,  and  has  three  brothers,  James  A., 
William  T.  and  David  H.  Mr.  Garner  has  two  sis- 
ters, Martha  A.  Gentry  and  Nancy  C.  Harness.  To  our 
worthy  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  there  have  been 
born  five  children,  David  V.,  in  Nez  Perces  county; 
Mary  I.  Leeper,  in  Nez  Perces  county;  Rachel  N. 


Maxwell,  in  Idaho  county ;  Leda  M.  Pell,  also  in  Idaho 
county ;  Neri,  at  home.  "  Mr.  Garner  has  a  fine  farm  of 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  and  does  a  general  farm- 
ing business,  haying  orchard  and  hogs,  cattle  and 
so  forth,  while  his  improvements  are  fine.  He  is  an 
advocate  of  good  schools  and  labors  for  general  pro- 
gress. It  is  of  note  that  Mr.  Garner's  mother  was  the 
first  white  woman  that  settled  in  Holt  county, 
Missouri. 


CALVIN  BOYER.  This  well  known  gentleman 
is  one  of  the  leading  stockmen  of  Nez  Perces  county. 
He  has  a  broad  estate  of  eight  hundred  acres,  twenty- 
four  miles  southeast  from  Lewiston,  and  handles  over 
two  thousand  head  of  sheep  and  some  cattle.  He  has 
good  improvements,  is  enterprising  in  his  labors,  stands 
well  with  his  fellows,  and  is  an  upright  and  capable 
man  of  integrity  and  worth. 

Calvin  Boyer  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  Nevember  n,  1858,  being  the  son  of 
Martin  and  Hannah  (Keekler)  Boyer.  The  father 
was  a  shoemaker,  born  in  1830,  in  Adams  county  also, 
served  in  the  Civil  war  and  now  is  passing  the  riper 
years  of  his  life  in  retirement  in  Lewiston.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1835  and  is  now 
living  in  Lewiston.  Her  mother  lived  to  the  great  age 
of  ninety  years.  When  fourteen  years  of  age,  Calvin 
went  with  his  parents  to  Van  Buren  county,  Iowa,  and 
four  years  later  the  family  went  to  Ellsworth  county, 
Kansas,  and  there  tilled  the  soil  for  three  years.  An- 
other move  was  made,  this  time  to  Scotland  county, 
Missouri,  and  there  our  subject  went  to  work  for  him- 
self in  1879.  In  1884  he  removed  thence  to  Ellsworth 
county  again,  and  in  1887  he  came  to  Idaho.  He 
selected  land  on  Waha  prairie  in  Red  Bird  flat  and 
there  began  operations  in  general  farming  and  stock 
raising  which  have  culminated  so  successfully. 

On  December  21,  1893,  Mr.  Boyer  married  Miss 
Naomi,  daughter  of  Perry  and  Ann  (Teel)  Steen. 
The  father  is  a  sheep  man  in  Asotin  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  was  born  in  Indiana,  while  the  mother  was 
born  in  Illinois.  Mrs.  Boyer  was  born  in  Walla  Walla 
county,  Washington,  on  January  8,  1871,  and  she  has 
three  brothers  and  sisters,  R.  R.,  Etta,  May.  Mr. 
Boyer  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sister, 
Martin,  James,  both  in  this  county,  Mary  M.  Dowd. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boyer  there  have  been  born  three 
children,  Laurine  Pearl,  Richard  M.,  Mildred  M.  In 
political  matters  Mr.  Boyer  is  a  Republican  and  he 
votes  the  ticket  straight,  having  ever  labored  for  the 
principles  of  his  party. 


JOHN  F.  STELLMON.  The  family  residence  of 
Mr.  Stellmon,  about  one  mile  northeast  from  Nez- 
perce,  is  one  of  the  happy  and  prosperous  homes  of 
the  reservation  country.  "  His  broad  acres  of  well 
tilled  land,  which  produce  abundant  harvests,  have  little 
appearance  of  the  wilderness  of  the  reservation  when 
he  came  to  this  place  to  seek  a  home.  His  wisely  be- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


stowed  industry  has  transformed  the  face  of  nature 
until  it  is  one  of  the  pleasant  and  valuable  estates  of  the 
county. 

John  F.  Stellmon  was  born  in  Greene  county,  Ten- 
nessee, on  March  21,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Elizabeth  (Brooks)  Stellmon,  natives  of  North 
Carolina  and  Tennessee,  respectively.  The  mother 
died  in  Arkansas  but  the  father  still  lives  on  the  home 
place  there.  When  John  was  twelve,  his  parents  took 
him  to  Benton  county,  Arkansas,  and  there  he  grew 
to  manhood  and  finished  his  education.  On  February 
2,  1891,  Mr.  Stellmon  marriel  Miss  Ellen,  daughter  of 
Stephen  and  Mary  (White)  Graham,  natives  of 
Washington  county,  Arkasas.  In  1893  Mr.  Stellmon 
migrated  to  Latah  county,  Idaho,  and  farmed  one  year 
near  Genesee.  In  1894  lie  came  to  the  reservation  near 
Lapwai  and  leased  land,  where  he  toiled  until  1896, 
when  he  came  to  his  present  place  and  commenced 
the  labors  of  making  a  home,  which  have  culminated 
so  successfully.  He  has  a  good  house,  barn,  outbuild- 
ings, orchards,  and  so  forth,  while  he  raises  abundant 
crops  of  the  cereals  and  flax,  also  handling  some  stock. 
Mr.  Stellmon  had  a  very  scanty  allotment  of  worldly 
goods  when  he  came  to  this  place  but  he  is  now  one 
of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  reservation  country. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  worthy  couple, 
Mamie  E.  and  Normal  B.  Mrs.  Stellmon's  mother  died 
in  Arkansas  and  her  father  is  now  living  near  Nez- 
perce.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stellmon  had  to  endure  many 
hardships  in  common  with  the  other  early  settlers  in 
this  country  and  they  have  always  manifested  a  wealth 
of  courage  and  strength  of  character  that  have  enabled 
them  to  outride  the  severest  storm  of  adversity  and 
have  given  them  the  sure  confidence  of  the  people  and 
the  good  will  of  all. 


JULIUS  ELDOR  CURTIS  was  born  in  Warren 
county,  Pennsylvania,  on  September  26,  1847,  being 
the  son  of  James  and  Alzina  (Hill)  Curtis,  natives  of 
the  same  place.  The  grandfather  of  our  subject, 
David  Curtis,  was  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812.  In 
1853,  the  parents  came  to  Mitchell  county,  Iowa,  with 
teams  and  settled  while  the  Indians  were  thick  and 
treacherous.  At  the  time  of  the  Pikes  Peak  excite- 
ment, Mr.  Curtis  sold  his  farm,  moved  his  family  to 
the  village  of  Mitchell  Center  and  went  with  his  oldest 
son  for  that  mecca.  The  train  turned  aside  to  Cali- 
fornia and  he  went  with  it  and  mined  for  two  years 
in  Placerville,  with  indifferent  success.  Then  he  re- 
turned to  Iowa  and  his  son  remained,  going  into  the 
stock  business  and  is  now  one  of  the  wealthiest  stock- 
men of  his  section,  Modesto,  California,  his  largest  in- 
terests being  at  Reedley,  Fresno  county.  Our  subject 
received  little  opportunity  to  gain  an  education,  but 
steady  application  and  personal  stndiousness  gave  him 
a  good  training.  In  1869  the  parents  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, via  train,  and  Julius  and  his  younger  brother 

days  on  the  journey.     He  was  afflicted  with  typhoid 
fever  during  the  trip.     Having  learned  the  harness 


trade,  he  wrought  at  it  in  California  but  as  his  health 
was  poor  there  and  he  failed  to  recuperate  it  in  the  hot 
baths,  he  came  in  1879  to  Douglas  countv,  Oregon,  and 
m  1882  came  on  to  Spokane  county,  Washington.  His 
trouble  was  rheumatism  and  by  bathing  in  the  waters 
of  Medical  lake  in  this  last  mentioned  county,  he  was 
fully  cured.  Then  he  wrought  at  his  trade  in  Cheney 
with  Mr.  Walters  and  later  bought  a  farm  and  did 
dairying.  He  then  moved  to  Colfax  and  gardened. 
In  the  fall  of  1899,  he  came  to  the  reservation  and  took 
a  homestead  five  miles  north  from  Russell.  This  has 
been  improved  and  is  producing  abundant  fruits  and 
vegetables  for  his  business  in  Nezperce.  Mr.  Curtis 
operates  what  is  known  as  the  Equity  fruit  store.  He 
sells  fruits,  vegetables  and  dairy  products,  having  a 
fine  cold  storage  plant  which  enables  him  to  handle  his 
products  all  seasons  of  the  year.  This  was  opened  in 
July,  1902.  Mr.  Curtis  has  a  vegetable  wagon  and 
runs  a  barn  for  the  stage,  while  the  express  office  is  in 
his  building.  He  has  built  up  a  good  trade  and  is 
prosperous  and  well  esteemed  by  all. 

On  October  26,  1869,  Mr.  Curtis  married  Miss 
Sarah  L.,  daughter  of  Alvin  and  Climena  (Wash- 
burn)  Skinner.  The  father  was  a  merchant  in  Maine, 
and  died  in  1855.  The  mother  came  to  California  in 
1869,  where  she  now  lives.  Mrs.  Curtis  was  born  in 
Corinth,  Maine,  on  October  25,  1850.  Eight  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them,  Gertrude  L.,  wife  of 
Charles  F.  Munz,  in  Maysville,  Missouri ;  Fred  M.,  a 
farmer  in  the  Big  Bend  country;  Charles  C,  study- 
ing for  the  ministry  in  Divinity  College  in  Eugene, 
Oregon:  Mary  A.,  salesladv  in  Spokane  department 
store;  Nellie  "E.,  wife  of  Walter  Collison,  a  school 
teacher  in  Garfield,  Washington ;  Grace,  died  in  Cali- 
fornia ;  Floyd,  died  at  Cheney ;  Guy  E.,  at  home.  Mr. 
Curtis  and  his  wife  and  all  their  children  are  members 
of  the  Christian  church.  He  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  the  progress  of  the  country  where  he  has 
lived  and  especially  has  he  wrought  for  the  advance- 
ment of  educational  facilities.  His  children  have  all 
been  well  educated  and  are  all  prosperous  in  the  walks 
of  life,  which  reflects  great  credit  on  Mr.  and  Mrs. 


ANDREW  C.  JOHNSON.  From  the  land  of 
Denmark  came  the  subject  of  this  article  and  since  his 
arrival  here  he  has  thoroughly  espoused  the  cause  of 
the  patriotic  American  citizen  and  is  one  of  the  valu- 
able additions  to  Nez  Perces  county,  being  a  substantial 
and  thrifty  farmer  located  five  miles  southeast  from 
Melrose. 

Andrew  C.  Johnson  was  born  on  March  23,  1847, 
and  his  parents  were  Christ  and  Mary  (Hanson) 
Johnson,  natives  of  Denmark,  and  born  in  1818  and 
1819,  and  died  in  1894  and  1895,  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  soldier  in  Denmark  in  1849-1850.  Our 
subject  went  to  work  for  himself  at  the  early  age  of 
sixteen  and  wrought  in  Copenhagen  and  other  points 

the  world  and  accordingly  embarked   for  Greenland, 
where  he  worked  in  the  crockery  mines  for  eighteen 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


months  and  then  came  to  the  United  States,  landing  in 
Philadelphia,  whence  he  came  to  Omaha,  and  then  to 
Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  where  he  wrought  on  the  Union 
Pacific.  He  'fired  for  three  years  and  then  went  to 
San  Francisco  and  shipped  on  the  Pekin  as  fireman 
and  sailed  to  China  and  other  places.  In  1876  he 
settled  in  San  Jose  and  farmed  for  nine  years.  Then 
came  a  journey  to  Portland  where  six  years  were  spent 
in  the  service  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.,  inspecting  ties  and  so 
forth.  Then  Mr.  Johnson  settled  near  Palouse  and 
farmed  for  ten  years.  In  the  spring  of  1896  he  came 
to  the  reservation  and  selected  his  present  place,  and  to 
the  cultivation  and  improvement  of  this  Mr.  Johnson 
has  devoted  himself  with  wisdom  and  energy.  He 
does  a  general  farming  business  and  also  raises  stock. 
At  Walla  Walla,  in  1884,  Mr.  Johnson  married 
Miss  Margaret,  daughter  of  Anders  -and  Sine  Mik- 
kelsen,  natives  of  Denmark,  but  immigrants  to  the 
United  States  in  1890.  Mrs.  Johnson  was  born  in 
Denmark.  Mr.  Johnson  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  Henry  and  Nels,  in  the  United  States; 
Ann,  Christina,  Mary,  all  in  Denmark.  Five  children 
have  been  born  to  this  household,  Julia.  Mary,  Chris- 
tina, Albert,  Mabel.  Mr.  Johnson  and  his  wife  are 
faithful  members  of  the  Lutheran  church.  He  is  a 
Republican  and  is  active  in  the  support  of  those  prin- 
ciples, while  also  he  is  a  staunch  supporter  of  good 
schools  and  general  advancement. 


JAMES-  LAMBERT.  This  heavy  real-estate 
older  and  prominent  man  of  Nez  Perces  county  lives 

enty  miles  southeast  from  Lewiston  upon  his  fine 
state  of  seventeen  hundred  acres  of  land.  This  is  laid 
nder  tribute  to  produce  annually  excellent  crops  of 
arley  and  wheat  and  Mr.  Lambert  also  gives  attention 

handling  stock,  although  at  the  present  time  he  has 
ld  many  of  his  herds.  He  has  just  now  finished  a 
eautiful  residence  of  nine  rooms,  with  all  modern  im- 
rovements and  of  tasty  architectural  design.  He  has 
ll  the  improvements,  as  barns,  out  buildings,  corrals, 
nd  equipment  needed  on  his  large 


-.La 


of  the  county. 

Tames  Lambert  was  born  in  Washington  county, 

York,  on  April  5,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Peter 

bert.  who  was  born  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestors,  in 

lancl,  in  1832,  and  died  in  1894.     Mr.  Lambert  lost 

mother  by  death  when  young,  and  has  but  little  re- 

brance  of  her.     He  was  educated  in  the  common 


alo 


.  He  went  to  Chatauqua  county, 
orked  on  a  dairy  farm  until  1878. 
hen  he  sold  out  and  came  to  San  Francisco.  Thence 

went  to  Oregon,  later  to  Walla  Walla  and  finally 
me  to  Lewiston.  He  purchased  a  portion  of  his 
esent  estate  from  the  owner  and  took  some  from  the 
vernment.  He  at  once  commenced  stock  raising, 
ndling  cattle  principally,  and  to  this  he  devoted  such 
illful  effort  that  he  won  the  finest  success. 

On   March   29,   1872,   Mr.  Lambert  married  Miss 


Elizabeth,  daughter  of  David  Ranch,  in  Chautauqua 
county.  New  York,  and  to  them  one  son,  John  J.  Lam- 
bert, was  born.  Mrs.  Lambert  died  in  1890. 

In  1894,  Mr.  Lambert  married  Mary,  daughter  of 
Andrew  and  Esther  (Marshall)  Sherbufn.  The  father 
was  born  in  Portland,  Maine,  in  1830,  and  the  mother 
was  born  in  Perry  county,  Indiana,  in  1843.  Mrs. 
Lambert  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  in  1871.  Mr.  Lam- 
bert has  one  brother,  John,  who  lives  in  Fredonia,  New 
York,  and  is  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  that  state. 
Mr.  Lambert  is  an  advocate  of  good  schools  and  has 
done  much  for  the  advancement  of  the  cause  of  educa- 
tioii  in  this  county.  He  is  a  Democrat,  but  is  not 
bound  by  party  lines  to  bias  his  judgment  in  voting  for 
the  men  whom  he  believes  to  be  the  best  and  for  those 
principles  that  are  salutary.  Mr.  Lambert  is  a  man 
of  excellent  standing,  has  gained  a  success  that  demon- 
strates his  ability  better  than  words  can  do,  has  ever 
maintained  a  high  sense  of  his  stewardship  and  is  to- 
day one  of  the  prominent  men  of  his  county. 


ORVILLE   G.   THORNTON. 
birth  and  so  entitled  to  the  legacy  of 


westerner   by 
p,  energy,  push 


and  progression  that 
tier  land,  our  subject 


ject  has  come  no  whit  behind  in  mani- 
festing his  ability  to  keep  abreast  of  the  times  and  secure 
for  himself  a  place  both  in  the  financial  world  and  in 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fellows. 

Orville  G.  Thornton  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
Salem,  Oregon,  in  1867,  being  the  son  of  William  E. 
and  Susanna  (Chinoweth)  Thornton,  natives  of  Mis- 
souri and  born  in  1842  and  1840,  respectively.  The 
father  is  a  Baptist  minister,  also  handles  stock  and 
came  across  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1855.  The  mother 
crossed  the  plains  in  1853.  When  Orville  was  two 
years  old,  he  was  taken  with  the  balance  of  the  family 
to  California,  where  they  remained  two  years,  when  a 
return  trip  was  taken  and  settlement  made  near  Rose- 
burg,  Oregon.  Here  our  subject  was  educated  and 
the  father  raised  stock  and  farmed.  When  eighteen, 
Orville  G.  went  to  do  for  himself  and  rode  the  range 
for  a  time  and  then  settled  down  to  the  dray  business 
in  Palouse,  Washington.  Then  he  farmed"  in  Latah 
county  until  1897,  the  date  when  he  settled  on  his 
present  place,  about  two  miles  northeast  from  Mel- 


of  land 


Mo; 


five  brothers  and  five  sisters.  Mr.  Thornton  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Samuel  G.,  Ella 
Ladro,  Sarah  M.  Wiley,  Ollie  A.,  Murray 
and  Bertha.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Thornton,  Anna  Pearl  and  James  L.  Mr. 
Thornton  is  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  is  act- 
ive in  his  efforts  to  have  good  schools.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican and  intelligent  in  the  issues  of  the  day.  He 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


has  sold  his  homestead  and  bought  land  one  mile  and  a 
half  northwest  from  Melrose.  "He  also  sold  his  farm 
near  Lewiston  and  bought  property  in  Melrose. 


ROBERT  L.  INGHRAM,  deceased.  The  es- 
teemed pioneer  is  gratefully  remembered  in  Nez 
Perces  county  for  he  was  a  good  man  and  manisfested 
enterprise  and  wisdom  in  his  walk  during  his  life. 
He  did  much  to  build  up  Nez  Perces  county,  as  he 
did  also  for  other  portions  of  the  west ;  his  death  was 
a  loss  to  all,  and  sincere  mourning  among  a  large 
circle  attended  the  sad  event. 

Robert  L.  Inghram  was  born  in  Holton,  Maine,  on 
December  16,  1838,  being  the  son  of  Robert  and 
Martha  (Stuart)  Inghram.  The  father  was  born  in 
England  and  the  mother  in  Ludlow,  Maine,  and  died 
in  1892.  Robert  L.  remained  at  home  and  assisted 

death,  which  occurred  when  this  son  was  young.  Up- 
on the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  the  older  brothers, 
John  and  Frank,  enlisted,  the  former  giving  his  life 
and  the  latter  one  limb  for  his  country.  Our  sub- 
ject worked  on  the  farm,  the  mother  keeping  the  chil- 
dren all  together,  and  attended  school;  when  he  be- 
came of  age,  he  came  west  and  was  in  Nez  Perces 
county  in  1872.  He  assisted  to  build  Dr.  Baker's 
railroad  to  Walla  Walla,  it  being  the  first  line  into 
that  city,  running  from  Wallula  to  Walla  Walla. 
After  two  years  he  went  east  and  in  1876  came  to  Cali- 
fornia; the  following  year  he  was  in  Lewiston,  com- 
ing thither  in  the  employ  of  the  government.  He 
also  lumbered  some  on  the  Clearwater  and  in  1878,  he 
went  east  sold  out  and  brought  his  family  to  Walla 
Walla  in  1880.  He  took  charge  of  Baker  &  Com- 
pany's flume  works  and  in  1882,  came  to  Lewiston. 
He  took  up  the  land  where  the  family  now  lives,  and 
then  went  to  work  on  the  Northern  Pacific.  The 
family  held  the  homestead  while  he  labored;  later 
he  came  to  the  farm  and  then  took  a  pre-emption  and 
also  bought  land  until  he  left  an  estate  of  four  hun- 
dred and  eighty  acres.  He  prospered  in  his  labors 
but  in  1891,  he'  was  suddenly  taken  with  La  Grippe 
and  although  rugged  and  had  never  been  sick,  he 
succumbed  to  the  disease  on  April  26,  and  went  hence 
to  the  scenes  of  another  world.  He  had  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Amos,  deceased ;  John,  died  in  the 
army;  Frank,  Charlie,  Mary,  Joseph  and  Samuel. 

On  July  2,  1862,  Mr.  Inghram  married  Miss  Eliza, 
daughter  of  John  and  Jane  (Stevens)  Small.  The 
father  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Miramichi,  Canada,  and 
came  to  the  United  States  when  young.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Canada,  also,  but  her  father  was  born  in 
England  and  married  in  Scotland.  Mrs.  Inghram's 
paternal  grandfather  Small  was  born  in  New  York 
and  married  a  Miss  Mitchell.  Mrs.  Inghram  was 
born  in  Miramichi,  Canada,  on  August  30,  1842,  and 
her  brothers  and  sisters  are  named  as  follows,  Mary 
Stuart,  Myra  Smith,  Nancy,  Alfreta,  all  deceased; 
Lydia  Smith,  Anna  Cochran ;  George  Small  and  Ellis. 
To  our  worthy  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  there 


were  born  the  following  named  children,  John,  Ber- 
nard, deceased,  Robert,  Alfreta  and  David.  Mr. 
Inghram  was  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  Hte  was  a 
Republican  and  an  active  worker  for  the  advancement 
of  good  principles  and  while  he  worked  faithfully 
for  his  friends,  he  never  accepted  preferment  for  him- 
self. At  his  death,  he  left  a  good  property  for  his  wife 
and  children  and  they  have  now  a  good  place  and  a 
nice  band  of  cattle. 


JOHN  F.  INGHRAM.  It  is  quite  in  accord 
with  his  life  and  meritorious  actions,  when  we  men- 
tion that  Mr.  Inghram  is  a  public  spirited  man,  an 
advocate  of  good  schools  and  government  and  has 
done  his  share  in  producing  these  worthy  ends,  while 
his  ability  and  industry  have  given  him  the  meed  of 
recompense  in  a  good  holding  of  a  fine  farm  and  plenty 
of  stock  and  other  property. 

John  F.  was  born  in  Aroostook  county,  Maine,  on 
July  i,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Robert  and  Eliza 
(Small)  Inghram.  The  father  was  a  lumberman, 
born  in  Ludlow,  Maine,  on  December  16,  1838,  and 
died  in  Lewiston,  Nez  Perce  county,  on  April  26,  1891. 
The  mother  was  born  in  the  same  place  in  1843  and  is 
still  living  in  this  county.  Our  subject  worked  at 
home  and  attended  school,  remaining  with  the  family 
until  of  age.  His  father  had  taken  several  trips  to 
the  Pacific  coast  and  finally  in  1880,  he  brought  his 
family  to  Walla  Walla  and  two  years  later  thence 
to  Lewiston.  He  was  foreman  of  a  flume  company  in 
Walla  Walla,  and  in  this  country  he  took  land  and  en- 

his  death.  He  had  achieved  a  good  success  and  died  be- 
loved by  all  who  knew  him.  Our  subject  began  doing 
for  himself  when  he  reached  his  majority.  He 
bought  a  farm  in  1887,  and  two  years  later  sold  it  and 
removed  to  Lewiston,  taking  up  the  dairy  business, 
making  a  success  in  this  venture.  He  again  bought 
farm  and  later  sold  it.  Upon  his  father's  death,  he 


managed  the  business  of  the  estate.  During  this  time 
he  purchased  his  present  farm,  which  his  father  had 
contracted  for.  It  is  situated  nine  miles  southeast 
from  Lewiston,  and  consists  of  three  hundred  and 
tw'enty  acres  of  grain  land.  He  raises  wheat  and 
barley,  handles  stock,  raises  hogs  and  breeds  fine 
draft  animals.  He  has  some  excellent  specimens  of 
registered  draft  horses  and  is  a  skillful  hand  with  this 
stock.  He  then  removed  to  Mrs.  English's  farm  and 
lived  there  three  years,  settling  the  business  left  by  her 
husband  on  his  death.  From  there  he  moved  to  his 
present  place  and  has  made  it  his  home  since  that  time. 
On  May  15,  1886,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr.  In- 
ghram maried  Miss  Orpha  L.,  daughter  of  Josiah  and 
Ruth  A.  (Bony)  English.  The  father  was  a  farmer 
and  a  prominent  man  in  the  county,  being  county 
assessor  and  active  in  political  matters.  The  mother 
is  a  native  of  New  York.  Mrs.  Ingham  was  born 
in  Illinois,  in  1868  and  on  April  10,  1899,  she  was 
called  from  her  happy  home  and  family  by  death.  She 
left  the  following  children,  Ira  Reed,  Lelia,  May, 


ROBERT  L.  INGHRAM. 


JOHN  F.  INGHRAM. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Clarence  and  Orpha  Gertrude.  Mr.  Inghram  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Robert,  resid- 
ing near  Lewiston,  this  state;  Elphreta,  wife  of  A. 
Smith,  in  this  county;  David  B.,  in  the  implement 
business  in  Lewiston.  Mr.  Inghram  is  a  member  of 
the  W.  of  W.,  at  Lewiston.  He  is  a  Republican  in 
political  matters  and  always  active  in  the  support  of 
good  men,  although  he  never  solicits  its  personal  pre- 
ferment. 


HENRY  K.  FOUNTAIN.  About  ten  miles  south- 
east from  Lewiston  one  finds  the  fine  estate  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  It  contains  six  hundred  acres 
of  good  land,  a  portion  of  which  was  taken  by  home- 
stead and  preemption  rights  by  Mr.  Fountain  in  1878, 
and  since  that  time  it  has  been  his  home.  He  has  a 
fine  dairy  of  Jersey  cows  and  sells  many  hundred 
pounds  of  butter  annually.  He  raises  alfalfa  and  also 
wheat  and  hay,  and  is  one  of  the  skillful  agriculturists 
and  dairymen  of  the  county,  being  industrious,  thrifty, 
wise  in  management  and  thorough  in  execution. 

Reverting  to  the  early  history  of  Mr.  Fountain,  we 
note  that  he  is  a  native  of  the  Occident,  having  been 
born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  on  April  26,  1857,  being 
the  son  of  Matthew  and  Sarah  (Hicks)  Fountain, 
natives  of  Missouri.  The  father  came  to  Oregon  with 
his  family  in  1857,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers  in 
Linn  county.  He  was  a  representative  from  Jackson 
county  in  the  state  legislature  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
The  mother  was  born  in  1825  and  is  still  living  near 
Athena,  Oregon.  Henry  K.  worked  on  the  farm  and 
attended  school  until  he  was  twenty-one  and  then  set 
out  in  life  for  himself.  He  came  to  Idaho  and  went  to 
farming  and  raising  stock  and  in  1878,  as  mentioned 
above,  he  settled  on  his  present  place.  This  he  has 
made  a  comfortable,  valuable  and  attractive  estate. 

On  January  I,  1884,  Mr.  Fountain  married  Miss 
Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  John  and  Catherine  Denny, 
natives  of  county  Cork,  Ireland,  and  Indiana,  respect- 
ively, and  born  in  1822  and  1838.  Mrs.  Fountain  was 
bom  in  Lagrande,  Oregon,  on  October  28,  1868,  and 
was  educated  in  the  common  school.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Fountain  there  have  been  born  six  children :  William 
M.,  Volny  L.,  Mabel  M.,  Helen  M.,  Hattie  E.  and 
Minnie  M.  Mr.  Fountain  has  seven  brothers  and  five 
sisters.  Mrs.  Fountain  has  the  following  of  her 
father's  family  living  in  Lewiston :  William,  Mary  V., 

of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  also  of  the  W.  of  W.,  while  his 
wife  belongs  to  the  Christian  church. 


LOUIE  J.  HERRES  is  one  of  the  younger  business 
men  of  Peck,  being  now  proprietor  of  a  first-class  drug 
store  there  and  well  known  for  his  enterprise,  integrity, 
and  commendable  business  qualities  of  worth  and 
wisdom. 

Louie  J.  Herres  was  born  in  Westphalia,  Clinton 
county,  Michigan,  on  May  3,  1877,  being  the  son  of 
Dr.  Simon  and  Emily  (Amen)  Herres.  His  father 


was  born  in  Phillipsburg,  Canada,  graduated  from  Ann 
Arbor  and  was  a  practicing  physician  of  note,  being 
a  leading  contributor  to  many  medical  journals.  He 
died  in  1885.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  and  died  in  1880.  Our  subject 
being  thus  bereft  of  his  parents  when  he  was  young 
was  taken  to  raise  by  his  grandfather,  at  St.  Agatha, 
Canada.  He  received  the  beginning  of  his  education 
there  and  remained  with  his  grandparents  until  twelve 
years  of  age.  He  then  went  to  Detroit,  Michigan, 
and  entered  the  employ  of  J.  P.  Rheinfrank,  a  leading 
druggist  of  that  place.  For  two  years  he  steadily  fol- 
lowed the  business  and  then  went  home  on  account  of 
sickness.  Soon,  however,  we  find  him  working  for  F. 
H.  McCallum,  a  druggist  in  New  Hamburg,  Canada. 
Later  he  was  with  the  King  Street  Drug  Company, 
of  Toronto,  and  then  a  move  was  made  to  Moscow, 
where  he  entered  the  employ  of  T.  G.  Reece,  then 
worked  for  R.  Hodgins.  After  the  consolidation  of 
these  firms  he  worked  for  the  company  until  the  open- 
ing of  the  reservation,  and  in  July,  1896,  he  secured  a 
quarter  sectidn  of  land  adjoining  the  town  of  Peck. 
This  was  a  new  field  and  he  devoted  his  energies  for  a 
time  to  the  opening  up  of  the  ranch  and  its  cultiva- 
tion. On  May  10,  1901,  Mr.  Herres  embarked  on  the 
commercial  sea  for  himself  and  opened  the  drug  store 
in  Peck,  where  he  is  now  doing  a  good  business  with 
a  constantly  increasing  patronage. 

On  October  17,  1900,  Mr.  Herres  married  Miss 
Lulu,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  May  (Hall)  Kirby,  the 
nuptials  occurring  at  Lewiston.  Mr.  Kirby  is  post- 
master, real  estate  dealer  and  notary  public  in  Peck, 
and  was  born  in  Canada  in  1850,  while  his  wife  was 
born  in  Toronto,  Canada.  Mrs.  Herres  is  a  native  of 
Howard,  Kansas,  born  in  1873.  She  has  one  brother, 
Rollie  C,  a  furniture  dealer  in  Peck.  Mr.  Herres  has 
one  sister,  Clara  Groom,  in  London,  Canada.  In  polit- 
ical matters,  our  subject  is  a  Democrat  and  is  always 
a  leader  for  better  educational  facilities  and  general 
progress.  He  is  a  vice-grand  of  Peck  Lodge  No.  97, 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  Mr.  Herres  is  a 
self-made  man  in  every  particular,  and  as  Mark  Twain 
remarks,  "He  did  not  stop  until  the  job  was  well 
done."  He  is  one  of  the  progressive  and  substantial 
young  men  of  the  county  and  is  highly  respected. 


PHILIP  JOHNSON.  Among  the  beautiful  and 
valuable  estates  in  the  vicinity  of  Peck,  must  be  men- 
tioned that  of  the  subject  of  this  article,  which  lies  one 
and  one-half  miles  south  from  the  town.  This  home 
place  was  acquired  by  Mr.  Johnson  by  homestead 
right  in  1897,  and  the  excellent  improvements  that  have 
enhanced  the  natural  beauty  and  value  of  the  farm  have 
all  been  placed  there  by  his  "labors.  In  addition  to  these, 
Mr.  Johnson  has  a  fine  orchard  and  his  place  manifests 
the  excellent  skill,  thrift  and  industry  of  the  proprietor. 
Mr.  Johnson  is  a  man  of  sound  principles  and  a  pa- 
triotic and  substantial  citizen  of  influence  and  good 
standing.  His  birth  occurred  in  Illinois,  on  May  7, 
1864,  his  parents  being  Joseph  and  Susan  (Heeder- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ick)  Johnson,  natives  of  North  Carolina.  The  father 
was  born  in  1814  and  died  in  1894,  having  been  a  farm- 
er all  his  life  and  was  a  pioneer  to  Benton  county,  Ore- 
gon. The  mother  died  in  1882.  When  Philip  was  but 
seven  years  of  age,  the  family  made  the  weary  jour- 
ney across  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Benton  county, 
Oregon,  where  the  father  took  a  homestead  and  became 
one  of  the  builders  of  that  county.  Our  subject 
worked  with  his  father  on  the  farm,  studied  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  was  one  of  the  home  circle  until  he  was 
seventeen,  when  he  began  life  for  himself.  He  came  to 
eastern  Oregon  later  and  settled  near  Pendleton.  He 
was  in  that  country  in  the  time  of  the  terrible  Snake  and 
Bannock  Indian  war.  It  was  his  lot  to  be  on  picket  and 
other  duty  and  he  was  present  when  Egan  and  Big 
Horn,  the  leaders  of  the  savages,  were  executed.  Mr. 
Johnson  also  lived  on  John  Day  creek  and  on  Camas 
prairie  and  was  always  devoting  his  attention  to  farm- 
ing and  raising  stock.  At  the  opening  of  the  reserva- 
tion he  came,  and  in  1897  secured  the  land  which  was 
described  above.  Owing  to  the  far  reaching  and  grand 
view  to  be  had  from  his  place,  the  farm  has  been  appro- 
priately named  the  "Fair  View  Farm."  Mr.  Johnson 
handles  stock  and  does  a  general  farming  business.  He 
has  plenty  of  natural  spring  water  on  the  farm  and  it 
is  one  of  the  most  valuable  places  in  this  vicinity. 

On  December  24,  1881,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  William  and  Harriette  (Sellings) 
Groom,  natives  of  Missouri.  The  wedding  occurred  in 
Oregon  and  to  this  worthy  couple  there  have  been  born 
the  following  children :  Ernest  E.,  Arthur  N.,  Nora  E., 
and  William  R.  Mrs.  Johnson  was  born  in  Willamette 
valley  on  November  24,  1865,  and  has  three  brothers 
and  two  sisters,  John,  Bird  S.,  Lizzie  Froxwell,  Hattie 
Reeves  and  Fred,  all  in  Oregon  except  Bird  S.,  who  is 
on  the  reservation.  Mr.  lohnson's  brothers  and  sisters 
are  all  dead.  His  brother  David  was  in  the  Civil  war. 
In  political  matters,  Mr.  Johnson  holds  with  the  Re- 
publicans and  is  also  a  laborer  for  good  schools. 


JOHN  HADFORD.  Two  and  one-half  miles 
southeast  from  Lookout  dwells  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  on  a  farm  which  he  took  from  the  wilderness 
of  the  reservation  in  1896  and  which  he  has  made  one 
of  the  valuable  and  fertile  places  in  this  section.  It  is 
improved  with  good  residence,  substantial  barn  and  out 
buildings  and  orchard,  and  all  implements  necessary 
for  its  successful  cultivation  and  to  make  it  return 
handsome  dividends  annually. 

John  Hadford  was  born  in  the  central  part  of 
Sweden  on  April  17,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Lars  and 
Catherine  Hadford,  natives  of  the  same  place.  The 
father  still  lives  there,  having  been  born  in  1832.  But 
the  mother,  who  was  born  in  1839,  ha.s  passed  to  the 
world  beyond.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  a  farm  and 
attended  the  common  schools.  In  1887  he  came  to 
New  York,  via  Lubeck,  Hamburg  and  Bremen.  He 
was  soon  in  McPherson  county.  Kansas,  and  there 
worked  on  a  farm  with  his  brother  Gust.  In  1890 
they  came  to  Spokane  and  took  up  railroading  on  the 


Great  Northern.  He  was  in  the  states  of  Washington 
and  Idaho  until  1896,  when  he  came  to  the  reserva- 
tion and  took  the  land  as  stated  above.  With  his 
brothers,  Louis  and  Gust,  he  had  farmed  near  Spo- 
kane but  when  the  panic  came  he  went  to  the  wall 
with  the  rest.  When  Mr.  Hadford  came  to  the  reser- 
vation on  account  of  this  panic  he  had  but  little  finan- 
cial wealth  but  was  possessed  of  great  courage  and 
determination,  which  have  given  him,  with  his  thrift 
and  industry,  a  fine  holding  and  he  is  numbered  with 
the  prosperous  men  of  his  county. 

On  May  30,  1896,  Mr.  Hadford  married  Miss  Ber- 
tie C.,  daughter  of  Hans  and  Catherine  Hedin,  natives 
of  Sweden.  In  1881  they  came  to  Kansas  from  the 
old  country  and  in  1886  journeyed  on  to  Spokane  coun- 
ty, Washington.  Four  children  have  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hadford,  Melvin  and  Arnold,  deceased ; 
Archibald  and  Ethel  E.  Mr.  Hadford's -brothers  are 
residents  of  the  reservation  and  with  him  they  operate 
a  threshing  machine,  being  skillful  and  energetic  men 
in  this  line. 


CHARLES  A.  MENGES.  As  Daniel  Boone 
knew  the  country  of  Kentucky  and  followed  the  life  of 
the  typical  pioneer,  so  has  the  subject  of  this  article 
known  the  northern  Rockies  and  has  taken  delight  in 
the  arduous  and  trying  ways  of  the  mountain  hunter, 
trapper  and  miner,  following  this  vigorous  and  alluring 
life  for  many  years.  Mr.  Menges  is  an  expert  in  his 
line  and  one  of  the  best  artists  with  the  rifle  and  rope  in 
this  part  of  the  country,  while  he  is  a  man  of  integrity 
and  sound  principles. 

Charles  A.  Menges  was  born  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
on  August  21,  1 86 1,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and 
Harriet  (Montgomery)  Menges.  His  father  was  born 
in  Germany,  on  April  15,  1825,  and  came  to  America 
in  1849.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  German  army, 
a  prominent  Odd  Fellow  in  Iowa,  and  a  leading  citizen 
of  Des  Moines  and  heavy  property  owner  there,  while 
he  occupied  the  position  of  chief  of  police  of  Des 
Moines  for  many  years.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  born  in  1836,  and  died 
in  1868.  She  was  of  German  descent.  Our  subject  left 
the  parental  roof  at  the  early  age  of  fifteen  and  made 
his  way  to  Colorado,  where  he  operated  a  steam  engine 
in  a  saw  mill  near  Manitou,  with  his  brother-in-law, 
C.  M.  Elrick  for  three  years.  Then  he  made  a  move  to 
the  vicinity  of  Missoula,  Montana,  and  prospected  there 
and  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  for  ten  years.  Dur- 
ing this  time  and  afterward,  Mr.  Menges  was  engaged 
in  trapping  and  hunting  also,  and  was  very  successful. 
He  also  caught  game,  as  mountain  lions,  cougars,  bears, 
mountain  sheep,  and  so  forth,  for  zoological  gardens, 
and  his  skill  was  so  great  that  he  had  plenty  of  orders 
to  fill.  At  the  present  time,  Mr.  Menges  has  a  con- 
tract for  furnishing  the  Lewis  &  Clark  exposition  at 
Portland  with  animals.  In  1890  Mr.  Menges  settled  to 
ranching  and  guiding  hunting  parties  from  the  east. 
At  the  opening  of  the  reservation,  he  took  up  land, 
cultivating  the  same  until  July  i,  1902,  when  he  pur- 
chased the  hotel  at  Peck  and  is  now  devoting  his  atten- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


tion  to  it.     He  is  a  first-class  and  popular  host  and  hi 
patronage  is  increasing  rapidly. 


Mr.  Menges  married  Miss  Elsie  A.,  daugh- 
rne.     Her 


In  il, 

ter  of  Bert  Stark  and  Agnes  (Kelley)  Mayi 
father  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1860,  being  a 
grandson  of  General  Stark  of  Revolutionary  fame. 
The  Stark  family  is  well  known  all  over  New  Hamp- 
shire. The  mother  of  Mrs.  Menges  was  also  born  in 
New  Hampshire,  being  of  Irish  descent.  Mrs.  Menges 
was  born  in  the  same  state  in  1878  and  has  one  half-sis- 
ter and  one  half-brother,  Pearl  Cluff  and  Nora  Cluff. 
Mr.  Menges  has  one  sister,  Irena  Hoffman,  at  Lake 
City,  Colorado.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Menges  there  have 
been  born  four  children,  Margaret  H.,  Charles  M.John 
H.  and  Frank  R.  Our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.  He  established  the  Stark  postoffice  in  Mon- 
tana and  was  postmaster  there  for  years.  In  politi- 
cal matters,  Mr.  Menges  is  a  member  of  the  Republi- 
can party  and  is  active  in  the  conventions.  In  1902  he 
was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  for  Peck  precinct.  He 
is  always  found  laboring  for  good  schools,  public  im- 
provements, and  is  a  man  of  integrity. 


JAMES  MARKER  was  born  in  Noble  county, 
Indiana,  on  April  19,  1846,  being  the  son  of  Jonas  and 
Elizabeth  (McClintock)  Marker,  natives  of  Somerset 
county,  Pennsylvania.  They  came  to  Noble  county, 
being  the  second  family  to  settle  there.  The  father 
was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace,  the  first  county  com- 
missioner, and  the  first  overseer  of  the  poor  in  that 
county.  Michael  McClintock,  the  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  was  a  veteran  in  the  Revolution.  In  1850,  the 
the  father  of  our  subject  died  and  he  remained  with 
his  mother  until  her  death,  in  1861.  His  education  was 
obtained  from  the  district  school  over  two  miles  dis- 
tant. On  October  3,  1864,  Mr.  Marker  enlisted  in 
Company  F,  Thirtieth  Indiana  Infantry,  under  General 
Thomas.  He  fought  in  many  places  and  in  the  battle 
of  Nashville  was  in  the  thickest  of  the  fray  and  the 
bullets  pattered  like  hail.  His  clothes  were  pierced 
but  he  was  not  wounded.  On  September  9,  1865,  he 
was  honorably  discharged,  having  served  faithfully 
and  endured  all  the  hardships  incident  to  a  soldier's 
life.  Returning  to  Noble  county,  Mr.  Marker  learned 
the  carpenter  trade  and  there  on  September  15,  1869, 
he  married  Miss  Jennie  Fulk,  a  native  of  Noble  county. 
To  them  were  born  five  children.  James  F.,  deceased ; 
John  W.,  Benjamin  O.,  Charles  C.\  Lucy  C..  deceased; 
the  three  living  ones  are  in  Whitley  county,  Indiana. 
Mrs.  Marker  died  in  Whitley  county  in"  1882.  In 
1885,  Mr.  Marker  came  to  Chicago  and  wrought  at 
his  trade  there  and  in  Stoney  Island  in  the  Nickel 
Plate  car  shops.  Thence  he  went  to  Colorado,  Kansas, 
New  Mexico,  and  other  places,  and  in  1888  he  came 
from  Denver  to  Latah.  On  June  16,  1889,  Mr.  Marker 
married  Miss  Laura,  daughter  of  John  and  Ellen 
(Firkins)  Dean,  natives  of  Knox  county,  Illinois. 
Mrs.  Marker  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Illinois,  on 
October  27,  1867.  She  came  across  the  plains  with 
her  parents  in  a  large  train  in  1872  and  distinctly  re- 


members the  large  herds  of  buffalo.  On  one  occasion 
her  father  was  kicked  by  a  horse  and  lay  unconscious 
for  one  week,  and  the  mother  had  all  the  trying  hard- 
ships of  attending  to  the  duties  of  travel  with  the  team. 
They  settled  in  the  Grande  Ronde  valley,  then  went  to 
Polk  county,  and  in  1878  started  to  Spokane  county, 
Washington,  and  encountered  many  Indian  braves  on 
the  war  path.  Mr.  Dean  settled  in  Latah  and  has 
since  lived  there.  Immediately  following  his  marriage 
Mr.  Marker  took  a  contract  of  erecting  the  barns  and 
outbuildings  of  the  county  poor  farm  at  Spangle  and 
then  returned  to  Latah,  where  he  built  several  of  the 
best  buildings  in  the  vicinity,  and  on  the  eighteenth  of 
November,  1895,  he  located  on  the  northeast  fourth 
of  section  twelve,  township  thirty-three  and  range  one, 
east,  where  his  home  is  now..  He  filed  on  the 
fourth  day  after  locating  and  moved  his  family  on  in 
May,  1896.  An  inventory  shows  he  had  four  horses, 
two  cows,  a  wagon  and  ten  dollars.  Seven  times  he 
mired  down  in  getting  to  his  claim  and  four  times  he 
did  the  same  hauling  four  dollars  and  seventy-five 
cents  worth  of  lumber  to  build  his  first  house.  Mr. 
Marker  had  a  rough  experience  in  getting  started  but 
he  recently  proved  up  and  it  appears  that  he  had 
nearly  three  thousand  dollars  worth  of  improvements 
on  the  place.  He  has  a  fine  farm,  and  this  year  sold 
a  thousand  dollars  worth  of  grain  off  from  eighty-two 
acres.  He  has  excellent  buildings,  first  class  orchard 
and  all  improvements  needed.  Mr.  Marker  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  He  and  his  wife  are  members 
of  the  Baptist  church  and  are  leading  people  of  the 
community.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to  them, 
Mable  Pearl,  born  February  19,  1890;  Wilbur  Percy, 
born  November  23,  1891 ;  'Lloyd  Bernard,  born  Jan- 
uary 14,  1894 ;  Grace  Eva,  born  July  16,  1895  ;  Minnie 
Ellen,  born  March  23,  1897:  Dew'ey  Beauford,  born 
April  ii,  1900,  and  Spurgeon.  born  October  19,  1901, 
and  died  March  30,  1903.  Mr.  Marker  is  an  active 
laborer  for  general  and  substantial  progress  in  all 


ARTHUR  S.  STACY.  No  business  man  of  Lew- 
iston  has  had  better  and  brighter  success  for  the  time 
he  has  operated  in  Lewiston  than  has  the  subject  of 
this  review.  Mr.  Stacy  is  at  present  manager,  direc- 
tor and  stockholder  of  "the  Lewiston  Mercantile  Com- 
pany, one  of  the  strongest  institutions  of  its  kind  in 
the  state  of  Idaho.  It  is  practically  a  creation  of  Mr. 
Stacy  and  issued  its  first  catalogue  on  June  20,  1889, 
since  which  time  it  has  increased  from  "three  hundred 
thousand  dollars  worth  of  trade  the  first  year,  to  five 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  in  1901.  This  is  due  to 
the  business  acumen  and  foresight  of  its  able  manager, 
together  with  his  capable  corps  of  assistants,  whom  he 

and  broadening  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  large 
and  substantial,  establishments  of  the  northwest. 

Reverting  to  the  personal  history  of  our  subject,  we 
note  that  he  was  born  in  San  Francisco,  on  November 
18.  1864,  being  the  son  of  George  \Y.  and  Emily  A. 
(Granger)  Stacy.  The  father  was  s.  merchant,  born 


244 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  Massachusetts,  and  died  in  Minnesota  in  1869. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Illinois  and  now  lives  in 
Minneapolis.  The  parents  removed  to  New  York, 
when  Arthur  was  an  infant,  then  to  Monticello, 
Minnesota.  This  was  the  scene  of  the  early  education 
and  training  of  our  subject  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  entered  the  general  mercantile  establishment  of 
T.  G.  Nealy  &  Son.  He  did  business  behind  those 
counters  for  twelve  years  straight,  then  was  offered  a 
partnership  interest  in  the  concern.  He  did  not  accept 
however,  believing  that  better  things  were  before  kim. 
He  sought  the  west,  and  finally  decided  to  try  Lewis- 
ton.  Entering  the  store  of  Vollmer  &  Company  as 
bookkeeper,  in  four  years  he  was  manager  of  the  house. 
In  1899  he  severed  his  connection  with  this  house  and 
organized  the  concern  above  described,  which  is  now 
no  longer  an  experiment,  but  an  established  business  of 
very  gratifying  proportions. 

Mr.  Stacy  married  Miss  Alice  Harwick,  in  Min- 
nesota, on  June  7,  1893.  Her  parents,  A.  H.  and  E. 
J.  Harwick  live  at'  Monticello,  Minnesota.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Michigan  and  early  settled  in 
Minnesota.  Mrs.  Stacy  was  born  in  Paw  Paw, 
Michigan,  and  there  was  educated  in  the  high  school. 
She  has  one  brother,  Elmer  J.,  with  the  Lewiston 
Mercantile  Company.  Mrs.  Stacy  is  vey  proficient 
on  the  piano  and  has  been  a  successful  instructor  in 
music  for  some  time.  Mr.  Stacy  has  two  brothers  and 
one  sister,  Francis  N.,  George  E.  and  Emma  A.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stacy  there  have  been  born  two  children, 
Elmer  G.,  five  years  of  age,  and  Marjorie,  two  years 
old.  Mr.  Stacy  is  a  member  of  the  Masons,  having 
taken  thirty-two  degrees.  He  is  allied  with  the  Re- 
publicans in  politics  and  manifests  both  zeal  and  active 
interest  in  this  realm.  Mrs.  Stacy  is  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  Mr.  Stacy  owns  real  estate  in 
addition  to  his  business  interests."  It  is  of  note  that  his 
ancestors  were  among  the  early  immigrants  to  Amer- 
ica who  settled  in  Virginia. 


JACOB    SCHAEFER.     Germany  has   furnished 
to  the  United  States  many  of  her  best  citizens,  and  not 


being  a  progressive  and  vigorous  race.  One  worthy 
member  of  this  pioneer  band  is  named  above  and  is 
deserving  of  consideration  in  the  county  where  he  has 
wrought  with  such  assiduity  and  display  of  ability 
and  thrift. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Germany  on  November 
27,  1867,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Magdelena  (Pos- 
tel)  Schaefer.  The  father"  farmed  in  Germany,  being 
born  in  1843,  and  now  lives  in  Philadelphia.  The 
mother  was  born  in  the  Fatherland  in  1850.  Jacob 
was  educated  in  the  native  country  and  wrought  with 
his  father  in  farm  work  and  in  the  manufacture  of 
wine  until  seventeen,  and  then  learned  the  butcher 
trade.  That  occupied  him  until  1887,  when  he  de- 
cided to  come  to  America.  Landing  in  New  York,  he 
made  his  way  to  Carroll  county,  Missouri,  worked 
there  for  ten  months  and  then  went  to  St.  Louis,  where 


he  operated  at  his  trade.  Fourteen  months  later  he 
was  in  Portland,  Oregon,  working  at  his  trade,  and 
five  months  later  he  opened  in  business  for  himself. 
He  continued  in  business  there  until  1896,  being  very 
successful,  but  finally  lost  it  all  through  complication 
and  litigation  with  an  unworthy  partner.  He  then 
went  to  Quigley,  Montana,  and  there  worked  for 
wages  and  in  the  fall  of  1896  came  to  Lewiston  and. 
started  anew,  with  a  larger  stock  of  experience.  He  has 
been  successful  here  from  the  start  and  is  now  doing, 
a  good  business,  both  in  butchering  and  buying  and 
selling  cattle.  He  handles  large  quantities  of  stock.. 
In  addition  to  this  business,  Mr.  Schaefer  has  twenty 
acres  of  irrigated  land  in  vineland,  which  he  is  set- 
ting to  grapes  and  he  intends  to  start  a  winery  in  the 
near  future,  being  assured  that  the  conditions  for  the 
successful  raising  of  grapes  are  as  favorable  in  this 
place  as  on  the  Rhine  in  Germany. 

On  January  15,  1891,  Mr.  Schaefer  married  Miss 
Katie,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Young,  natives  of 
Germany,  the  father  now  deceased  and  the  mother 
living  in  Vancouver,  Washington.  The  wedding  oc- 
curred in  Vancouver,  Washington,  and  two  children 
have  been  the  fruit  of  the  union,  John  and  Lonis.  Mrs. 
Schaefer  was  born  in  Germany  in  1872  and  has 
the  following  brothers,  Phillip,  Andrew,  Peter. 
Mr.  Schaefer  has  brothers  and  sisters  named  below, 
Lonis,  John,  Elizabeth,  Barbara,  the  first  in  Germany 
holding  a  good  position  as  civil  engineer  for  the  gov- 
ernment, while  the  others  are  at  home.  Mr.  Schaefer 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  His  people,  as  well  as 
himself,  were  in  the  German  army  for  a  term. 


A.  C.  GAYLORD.  A  representative  business 
man  of  Peck,  being  now  engaged  in  the  hardware 
business,  a  real  pioneer  in  different  regions  where  he- 
has  shown  that  dauntless  spirit  which  ever  character- 
izes the  true  frontiersman,  a  man  of  integrity  and 
worth  and  always  allied  on  the  side  of  progress  and 
upbuilding  of  the  country,  we  are  constrained  to  grant 
to  the  subject  of  this  article  a  representation  in  the 
history  of  Nez  Perces  county. 

A.  C.  Gaylord  was  born  in  Bradford,  Pennsylvania, 
on  January  19,  1845,  being  the  son  of  Giles  and  Nancy 
(Taylor)  Gaylord.  The  father  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1816  and  died  in  1880.  He  was  a  pioneer 
of  Carroll  county,  Illinois ;  his  parents  were  pioneers  of 
Bradford,  Pennsylvania,  and  both  lived  to  be  one 
hundred  years  old.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Bradford,  Pennsylvania,  in  1818  and  still 
lives  with  our  subject,  being  aged  eighty-four 
years.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  of  Pennsylvania. 
When  this  son  was  two  years  old,  the 
family  came  to  Carroll  county,  Illinois,  and  there  he 
grew  to  manhood  and  received  his  education.  In  1862, 
though  still  a  lad,  he  was  stirred  by  the  call  of  pa- 
troitism,  and  enlisted  in  the  Ninety-second  Illinois, 
afterwards  going  to  join  the  Seventh  Cavalry,  in  which 
latter  he  fought  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
under  General  Thomas  a  good  portion  of  the  time.. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  Gaylord  was  active  in  the  taking  of  Fort  Donelson, 
in  all  the  conflicts  in  the  raid  at  Nashville,  and  in  many 
other  struggles,  ever  conducting  himself  with  the  true 
spirit  of  bravery  and  faithfulness  of  a  patriotic  soldier 
and  man  of  courage  and  intrepidity.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  laid  aside  the  weapons  of  carnage  and  went 
to  Manning,  Iowa,  and  there  took  up  the  livery  busi- 
ness. Seven  years  later,  he  went  to  Springfield, 
Nebraska,  engaging  himself  in  the  hotel  and  livery 
business  combined.  Soon  we  see  him  in  the  Hot 
Springs  country,  South  Dakota,  where  he  acquired 
title  to  three  thousand  acres  of  land  and  devoted  him- 
self to  raising  stock.  He  continued  steadily  at  that  as 
well  as  buying  and  shipping  for  seventeen  years.  It 
•was  1901  that  he  sold  his  estates  and  stock  in  Dakota 
and  came  to  Nez  Perces  county.  He  bought  a  farm  on 
Russell  ridge  and  then  opened  a  hardware  store  in 
Peck,  where  he  is  doing  a  good  business  now. 

In   1882,  while  in  Dakota,  Mr.  Gaylord  married 

Mrs.  Gaylord  was  born  in  New  York  city,  in  1863, 
and  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters.  Mr.  Gay- 
lord  has  three  brothers,  Orlando,  an  old  soldier,  Pres- 
ton, Joseph.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gaylord,  one  child, 
Ackie,  has  been  born.  Mr.  Gaylord  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  a  Republican,  being  active  in  the 
realm  of  politics.  He  is  generally  an  attendant  at  the 
conventions  and  is  always  on  record  for  good  men, 
while  in  school  matters,  Mr.  Gaylord  labors  for  better 
facilities  and  education  of  the  masses  more  fully. 


ELGEE  C.  CHASE.  The  varied  experience  that 
Mr.  Chase  has  had  in  different  portions  of  the  United 
States  has  satisfied  him  that  the  fertile  and  favored 
spot  of  the  reservation  country  is  a  place  worthy  to 
be  courted  and  as  a  country  of  resources  for  the  farmer 
and  stockman  it  is  unexcelled.  His  farm  lies  four 
miles  southeast  from  Nezperce  and  was  selected  by 
him  about  two  hours  after  the  country  had  been  thrown 
open  to  settlement.  It  is  mostlv  all  good  land,  is  well 
improved  and  has  yielded  to  his  skillful  husbandry 
rich  returns  of  crops  in  the  years  he  has  been  here.  He 
handles  diversified  farming  and  keeps  enough  stock 
to  consume  all  the  productions  of  the  farm. 

Elgee  C.  Chase  was  born  in  Columbia  county,  Wis- 
consin, on  October  5,  1862,  being  the  son  of  John  G. 
and  Eleanor  (Walton)  Chase,  natives  of  Vermont  and 
Canada,  respectively.  When  Elgee  was  a  child,  the 
family  removed  to  Dodge  county,  Minnesota,  and 
there  he  grew  to  manhood  on  a  farm.  In  1884  he 
went  to  Potter  county.  South  Dakota,  entered  a  pre- 
emption claim,  farmed  there  and  traveled  over  the 
country  until  1890,  when  he  went  to  Butte,  Montana, 
and  engaged  in  mining.  In  1892  he  returned  to  his 
boyhood  home,  and  in  1893  visited  the  World's  Fair 
at  Chicago.  In  1894  Mr.  Chase  came  to  Colfax,  and 
soon  \ve  see  him  lumbering  on  the  Clearwater.  Then 
he  wrought  in  Rossland,  British  Columbia,  and  at  the 
opening  of  the  reservation,  came  hither,  as  stated  be- 
fore. His  farm  is  one  of  the  excellent  ones  of  the 


section,  is  well  supplied  with  spring  water  and  is  a 
beautiful  and  valuable  estate. 

On  December  2,  1897,  Mr.  Chase  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Fred  E.  and  Mary  (Bolin)  Hon- 
roth.  Mr.  Honroth  was  a  native  of  Germany  and 
came  to  the  United  States  when  a  child.  At  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  he  enlisted  as  first  sergeant  in  Com- 
pany G,  Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  in  April,  1861.  He 
served  in  General  Grant's  army  and  was  in  numerous 
severe  battles.  In  the  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
he  was  severely  wounded  in  his  shoulder  and  was  dis- 
charged on  account  of  disability.  His  wife  was  a  na- 
tive of  Indiana  and  in  1891  they  came  to  Pomeroy, 
Washington,  and  later  to  Pierce,  where  he  died  in 
1894,  having  never  recovered  fully  from  the  strain  of 
the  war.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Chase,  Warner  E.,  deceased,  Mary  E.  In  the 
spring  of  1900,  Mr.  Chase  had  a  severe  attack  of 
JSTome  fever  and  it  was  ascertained  that  the  only  cure 
was  a  trip  to  that  region.  He  went,  got  one  hundred 
and  twenty  miles  into  the  interior,  suffered  about  all  a 
man  can  suffer  without  perishing,  and  stuck  to  it  for 
one  and  a  half  years,  and  then  the  fever  was  entirely 
cured  and  he  returned  to  his  family  and  farm,  a  wiser 
and  well  cured  man.  Since  then,  Nez  Perces  county 
has  appeared  even  better  than  it  did  before. 


EDISON  E.  HARRIS  is  one  of  the  well  known 
and  representative  business  men  of  Peck  and  his 
stanch  qualities  of  worth  have  made  him  one  of  the 
highly  respected  and  substantial  men  of  this  section. 
It  is  quite  fitting  that  a  review  of  his  life  form  a  part 
of  his  county's  history,  having  been  a  man  of  activity 
and  a  promoter  of  good  schools,  progress  and  upbuild- 
ing. 

E.  E.  Harris  was  born  in  Jamesville, ,  on 

April  15,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Jackson  and  Susan 
C.  (Thayer)  Harris.  The  father  was  born  in  Canada 
in  1836.  of  Irish  extraction,  was  a  pioneer  to  Califor- 
nia and  now  resides  in  Oklahoma.  The  mother  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1838  of  English  descent; 
her  father  was  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  1812  and  of  the 
Mexican  war,  and  lived  to  be  eighty-eight  years  of 
age.  Our  subject  was  taken  to  Minnesota  in  1871 
and  in  1878  the  family  went  thence  to  North  Dakota, 
being  the  first  settlers  on  the  Fort  Ransom  reservation. 
From  this  resulted,  in  1884,  a  gold  excitement  in  that 
section.  Edison  grew  to  manhood  and  received  a 
common  school  education  in  this  section,  and  then 
graduated  from  the  Ottawa  University  in  Kansas.  He 
made  a  trip  to  Texas  in  1889,  seeking  a  business  loca- 
tion and  brought  back  a  band  of  cattle  to  Nebraska  to 
winter.  In  1893  he  made  the  race  to  the  Oklahoma 
country  and  secured  a  claim,  where  he  toiled  for  four 
years  and  then  for  the  benefit  of  the  health  of  the  fam- 
ily, he  sold  out  and  removed  to  the  salubrious  sections 
of  Nez  Perces  county.  He  made  settlement  at  Ahsah- 
ka,  secured  a  postoffice,  and  was  appointed  postmaster, 
this  position  Mr.  Harris  still  holds,  handling  the  office 
by  an  assistant.  He  opened  a  general  merchandise 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


store  with  M.  Means,  in  that  place  and  two  years  later 
removed  the  stock  to  Orofino.  After  this  Mr.  Harris 
was  engaged  as  bookkeeper  for  Fox  &  Debaum,  at 
Juliaetta,  then  at  Lane  and  is  now  in  the  same  position 
for  the  McGrew  Mercantile  house  in  Peck.  Air.  Har- 
ris is  manager  of  the  concern  and  does  a  fine  business. 
On  June  21,  1887,  at  Lisbon,  North  Dakota,  Mr. 
Harris  married  Miss  Sarah  A.,  daughter  of  Thomas 
and  Martha  Roach,  natives  of  Canada,  where  also 
Mrs.  Harris  was  born.  They  have  two  children, 
Susan  and  Crystal.  Mr.  Harris  has  two  brothers  and 
one  sister,  George  R.,  Jack  T.,  and  Esther  Whybark, 
all  in  Oklahoma.  Mr."  Harris  is  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  having  assisted  to  organize  the  lodge  at  Oro- 
fino. He  is  also  a  member  of  the  liberal  Christian 
church.  In  politics  Mr.  Harris  is  a  Republican  and  is 
now  chairman  of  this  precinct  committee.  He  is  active 
at  all  the  conventions  and  especially  interested  and 
active  in  promoting  good  educational  facilities.  He 
was  the  moving  spirit  in  organizing  the  Ahsahka  dis- 
trict and  in  getting  nine  months  of  school  each  year. 


WILLIAM  BOLLIXGER.  This  gentleman  is  a 
well  known  and  representative  business  man  of  Lewis- 
ton,  being  at  the  present  time  a  proprietor  of  the  Bol- 
linger  hotel,  one  of  the  popular  and  established  hostel- 
ries  of  Lewiston,  where  he  does  a  fine  business  and  is 
well  liked  by  eve'ry  one. 

Mr.  Bol'linger'was  born  in  New  Ulm,  Minnesota, 
on  September  i,  1868,  being  the  son  of  Rudolph  and 
Sophia  (Ihrig)  Bellinger.  The  father  was  born  in 
Zurich,  Switzerland,  on  July  23,  1826,  came  to  Amer- 
ica when  a  young  man  and  now  lives  at  Dayton, 
Washington.  The  mother  was  born  in  the  province  of 
Hessen,  Germany,  on  May  7,  1845,  and  is  still  living. 
Her  father  and  mother  were  also  natives  of  the  same 
province.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  primary  stud- 
ies in  New  Ulm  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  came  with  his 
parents  to  Dayton,  Washington,  where  the  father  took 
a  homestead,  which  he  still  owns,  having  added  more 
since  that  time.  William  completed  his  education  in 
Dayton  and  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  father  un- 
til becoming  of  age,  went  to  Dayton  and  clerked  in  a 
grocery  store  and  general  merchandise  establishment 
for  August  Engel.  Five  years  later  he  went  into  the 
butcher  business,  spending  one  year,  and  then  came  to 
Lewiston  and  opened  a  restaurant  with  his  present 
partner,  John  Bell.  They  operated  the  Royal  for  three 
years,  adding  meanwhile  a  grocery  store,  when  the 
grocery  was  sold  and  the  restaurant  burned  down.  Be- 
ing partly  insured,  they  saved  a  little  from  the  wreck 
and  bought  the  lots  where  the  hotel  now  stands  and 
put  up  the  building.  The  hotel  was  a  popular  resort 
from  the  first  and  they  are  now  handling  the  Scully 
house  as  an  annex  and  have  built  a  large  addition 
to  their  establishment.  The  house  is  justly  popular 
because  of  the  skill  and  affability  of  Mr.  Bellinger  in 
his  care  of  the  traveling  public. 

Our  subject  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows, 
Emma,  wife  of  Herman  Hessel,  in  Oregon;  George, 


Fred,  Mary,  Minnie,  all  on  the  farm  at  home.  Mr. 
Bollinger  is  happily  affiliated  with  the  following  differ- 
ent fraternities;  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Rebekahs,  the 
Encampment,  the  K.  of  P.,  the  Uniform  Rank,  the 
D.  O.  K.  K.,  the  W.  of  W.,  the  Auxiliary  Circle,  and 
also  with  the  Sons  of  Veterans  of  Dayton,  Washing- 
ton. The  father  of  our  subject  fought  in  the  Union 
army  in  Company  C,  Fourth  Minnesota. 


GEORGE  W.  TANNAHILL.  The  facetious 
speaking  of  a  man  said,  "He  is  a  self-made  man  and 
he  did  not  quit  until  the  job  was  done."  Such  is  surely 
applicable  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  is  a  self 
made  man,  and  he  has  done  a  good  job.  He  is  one  of 
the  leading  young  men  of  Nez  Perces  county,  having 
demonstrated  his  ability,  acumen  and  stirring  quali- 
ties in  his  profession,  that  of  the  law,  wherein  he  is 
making  a  brilliant  success,  but  to  gain  which  he  has 
labored  long  and  faithfully,  making  the  most  of  all  of 
his  opportunities  in  life. 

Mr.  Tannahill  was  born  in  Selma,  Van  Buren 
county,  Iowa,  on  July  2,  1872,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Almira  (Jones)  Tannahill.  The  father  was  a 
carpenter  and  builder,  born  in  Ohio,  in  1843,  and  died 
in  1875.  His  father,  Frank  Tannahill  was  a  native  of 
Wales  and  he  married  Poly  A.,  who  was  born  in  Iowa, 
and  died  in  1897.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Iowa  in  1847  and  is  living  in  Chautauqua  county, 
Kansas.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  was 
Henry  V.  Jones,  a  native  of  Ohio,  whose  wife  was 
Hulda  Herrington,  who  died  in  1898.  George  W. 
lost  his  father  when  he  was  a  child  of  three.  The 
mother  married  again  and  the  stepfather  being  very 
kind  to  this  lad  gave  him  a  good  education  until  thir- 
teen years  of  age,  when  he  desired  to  do  for  himself 
and  accordingly  went  to  Indian  Territory  and  rode 
the  range  for  a  Mr.  Brown.  Two  years  later  we  find 
our  subject  in  school  in  Kansas  and  again  in  Indian 
Territory,  this  time  working  in  a  saw  mill.  He  then 
went  to  school  and  in  1890  came  to  Pomeroy,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  worked  on  a  ranch,  then  went  to  Le- 
land.  Idaho,  and  farmed  for  himself  for  a  couple  of 
years.  Then  he  turned  his  attention  to  operating  a 
hardware  store  in  Leland  until  1896,  when  he  sold  out 
and  removed  to  Valparaiso,  Indiana,  and  entered  the 
excellent  law  school  of  that  place.  He  graduated  in 
due  time,  having  read  law  considerable  before,  and  on 
September  14,  1897,  he  was  admitted  to  practice  be- 
fore the  supreme  court  of  the  state  of  Indiana.  He 
went  to  his  old  home  and  made  a  visit,  then  came  on  to 
Lewiston,  where  he  has  been  practicing  since  that 
time.  He  has  secured  a  good  practice  and  is  one  of 
the  reliable  and  capable  members  of  the  bar,  having 
distinguished  himself  on  many  occasions,  where  he 
has  done  telKng  work.  Mr.  Tannahill  is  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  fraternity  and  of  the  K.  of  P.,  and  the 
Eastern  Star,  having  taken  many  degrees  in  the  first 
order  named.  In  political  matters,  he  is  a  stanch 
Democrat,  faithful  to  the  principles  of  Jeffersonian 
'tatesmanship  and  is  active  in  that  realm.  He  is  in- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


247 


terested  in  the  mercantile  business  with  his  brother,  at 
Ilo,  Idaho.  Mr.  Tannahill  has  two  brothers,  Samuel 
O.,  in  mercantile  business  at  Ilo;  John  L.,  in  stock 
business  in  Indian  Territory.  We  wish  also  to  record 
that  the  father  of  our  subject  was  a  faithful  soldier  for 
the  Union  in  the  Civil  war. 


ROBERT  L.  PENNELL.  The  young  men  who 
have  made  and  are  making  a  fine  success  in  the  busi- 
ness world  of  Nez  Perces  county  are  a  prominent  class 
of  the  population  and  as  a  distinguished  individual  of 
this  number,  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  heads  this  paragraph.  He  is  a  na- 
tive of  Chautauqua  county,  Kansas,  born  on  October 
13,  1876,  the  son  of  Samuel  W.  and  Almira  (Jones) 
Pennell.  The  father  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1848,  and  is  now  a  cattleman  and  farmer  in  Kansas. 
He  was  a  soldier  in  the  southern  army  and  his  father 
was  a  native  Virginian,  while  his  mother  came  from 
German  stock.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Iowa,  in  1850,  and  is  still  living  at  the  home  place 
in  Kansas.  Her  parents,  H.  V.  and  Hulda  Jones,  were 
natives  of  Iowa,  also.  Our  subject  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  and  worked  with  his  father  until  he  had 
arrived  at  the  age  of  twenty  and  then  he  went  to  Val- 
paraiso, Indiana,  whete  he  attended  the  state  normal 
school.  Graduating  in  1898,  he  went  to  Chicago  and 
accepted  a  position  in  a  wholesale  grocery  house,  after 
which  he  returned  home.  It  was  May,  1899,  that  he 
came  to  Lewiston,  Idaho,  and  took  up  the  business  of 
the  hardware  and  furniture  merchant.  He  has  won  a 
good  success  in  this  line  and  is  one  of  the  well  estab- 
lished business  men  of  the  city,  having  a  profitable  and 
extensive  patronage.  Mr.  Pennell  has  brothers  and 
sisters  as  follows,  Charles  W.,  Maude,  Mollie,  Grover 

half  brothers.  S.  O.  Tannahill,  George  W.,  and  John. 
Mr.  Pennell  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  in- 
terested in  fraternal  insurance.  In  politics,  he  is  allied 
with  the  Democrats  and  is  an  active  and  potent  factor 
in  the  labors  of  the  party  in  his  county.  The  grand- 
father of  Mr.  Pennell,  H.  V.  Jones,  was  one  of  the 
sturdy  pioneers  of  the  western  plains. 

On  June  26,  1902,  Mr.  Pennell  was  married  in 
Spokane,  Washington,  to  Miss  Edna  Hilton,  a  native 
of  California.  Her  parents  were  early  settlers  of  Ore- 
gon and  at  present  her  father  is  a  merchant  at  Leland, 
Idaho. 


EARL  E.  FAIRLEY.  Our  subject  is  one  of  the 
younger  men  whose  energy  and  stirring  qualities  have 
added  life  to  the  business 'development  of  Nez  Perces 
reservation  country  and  at  the  present  time  he  is  oper- 
ating successfully  the  only  livery  and  feed  stable  in 
Peck.  He  is  industrious,  enterprising  and  capable, 
and  stands  first  class  with  all  the  community. 

Earl  E.  Fairley  was  born  in  Cherokee  county,  Kan- 
sas, on  January  7,  1880,  being  the  son  of  Edward  H. 
and  Martha  (Sailing)  Fairley,  natives  of  Iowa  and 


born  in  1848  and  1850,  respectively.  The  father  was  a 
pioneer  in  Douglas  county,  Washington,  also  in  the 
reservation  section  of  Nez  Perces  county,  while  his 
parents  were  pioneers  in  Iowa.  Our  subject  went  with 
the  family  from  Kansas  in  1884,  to  California,  thence 
to  Oregon,  and  finally  they  settled  in  Douglas  county,. 
Washington,  where  the  father  took  up  stock  raising.. 
There  Earl  grew  to  young  manhood  and  received  his 
educational  training.  When  the  reservation  opened, 
the  father  came  hither  and  took  land,  the  relinquish- 
ment  of  which  he  purchased,  adjoining  the  town  of 
Peck.  Earl  worked  with  his  father  until  1899,  when 
he  opened  his  present  business  in  Peck,  a  first  class 
livery  and  feed  barn.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted 
his  talent  and  energy  to  building  up  his  business  and 
has  gained  a  fine  patronage. 

On  May  21,  1902,  Mr.  Fairley  married  Miss  Helen 
A.  Parks,  her  father,  Miles  Parks,  being  a  saw  mill 
man  of  the  Potlatch  country.  Mrs.  Fairley  was  born 
in  Canada  in  1880  and  has  three  brothers  a'nd  one  sis- 
ter, Ford  and  Monroe,  in  the  Potlatch  country,  Flor- 
ence and  Raymond  at  home.  Mr.  Fairley  has  one 
brother,  Oliver,  living  in  Peck.  Mr.  Fairley  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Peck  Camp,  No.  7144'.  In  politi- 
cal matters  he  is  allied  with  the  Democrats  and  is  con- 
stable of  this  precinct.  Mr.  Fairley  is  a  man  of  prom- 
ise and  has  already  gained  a  very  enviable  prestige. 
Mrs.  Fairley  is  a  teacher  of  standing  and  also  is  con- 
siderably interested  in  writing,  having  written  a  num- 
ber of  meritorious  articles. 


HON.  FRANK  B.  WILLIS.  It  is  indeed  a  pleas- 
ure to  incorporate  in  this  volume  a  review  of  the  career 
of  this  esteemed  and  popular  gentleman,  who  has  been 
prominent  alike  in  his  county,  Nez  Perces,  as  in  Cus- 
ter,  his  former  county,  and  in  the  entire  state  of  Idaho, 
as  well,  having  filled  responsible  offices  and  having 
always  manifested  a  becoming  sagacity  and  enterprise 
in  all  his  ways,  both  public  and  private  business. 

Mr.  Willis  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  county,  New 
York,  on  October  10,  1845,  being  the  son  of  John  F. 
Willis,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  born  in  1785  and 
died  in  1855,  and  a  pioneer  of  northern  New  York. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  member  of  the  Whit- 
ney family  of  New  York,  where  she  was  born  and 
died  in  1848.  When  ten  years  old,  Frank  B.  was  left 
an  orphan,  but  remained  at  the  old  home,  a  part  of  the 
time  being  spent  at  the  St.  Lawrence  Academy  and  at 
Eastman's  College  at  Poughkeepsie,  New  York. 
When  nineteen,  Frank  B.  came  to  Red  Wing,  Minne- 
sota, where  a  half  brother  lived,  and  there  he  clerked 
in  a  dry  goods  store  for  eighteen  months.  Immediately 
after  the  Sioux  war,  in  1866,  he  crossed  the  plains 
from  Abercrombie  with  an  ox  train.  He  landed  in 
Montana,  and  the  first  sight  that  met  his  eye  was  three 
men  dangling  from  the  limb  of  a  tree.  Such  a  thing 
expresses  the  times  of  that  then,  new,  rough  and  ready 
country.  Our  subject  worked  in  the  vicinity  of 
Helena,  for  two  years,  then  came  to  East  Bannock, 
Montana,  and  mined.  In  1870  he  went  to  Salmon 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


City,  Idaho,  and  mined  there  until  1878.  Then  he 
went  to  Challis  and  opened  a  livery  stable.  Next  we 
see  him  assessor  of  Custer  county,  being  the  first 
elected  incumbent  of  that  office  which  he  held  for  five 
successive  terms.  He  was  also  elected  grand  master 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  for  the  jurisdiction  of  Idaho,  and 
he  has  held  some  of  the  highest  offices  in  this  order.  In 
1893  and  1894  he  was  representative  to  the  Sovereign 
Grand  Lodge  at  Atlantic  City  and  Dallas,  Texas.  In 
1891,  having  been  active  and  prominent  in  politics  for 
years  previous  Mr.  Willis  was  elected  lieutenant  gov- 
ernor of  the  state  of  Idaho,  acting  in  conjunction  with 
Gov.  W.  J.  McConnell.  Subsequent  to  this  service,  he 
sold  his  interests  in  Custer  county  and  repaired  to  Poca- 
tello  and  engaged  in  the  drug  business  there.  Six 
years  were  spent  at  this  and  then  he  sold  out  and  came 
to  Lewiston,  where  he  bought  the  Aune  interest  in  the 
furniture  stock  of  Aune  &  McGilvory.  He  sold  out 
that  stock  and  in  1900  opened  the  Lewiston  Furniture 
and  Undertaking  Company,  where  he  is  doing  a  good 
business  at  this  time. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Willis  and  Miss  Anna  O. 
Diehl.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  was  solemnized  in  1887;  two 
years  later  Mrs.  Willis  died,  leaving  one  child,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  six.  In  1892  Mr.  Willis  married 
Mrs.  Delia  B.  Burns,  widow  of  Judge  James  Burns,  of 
Custer  county,  Idaho.  She  was  born  in  southern  Ohio, 
came  west  and  was  a  teacher  in  Nebraska  and  Iowa. 
Mr.  Willis  has  but  one  living  brother,  Charles  B.,  in 
Willisville.  New  York,  the  old  home.  Mr.  Willis  is  a 
member  of  the  Artisans  and  is  one  of  the  highest 
in  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  has  always  been  a  Republican, 
and  cast  his  first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln.  He  is 
prominent  in  the  councils  of  his  party  and  has  always 
been  active  in  it.  In  addition  to  the  fine  business  that 
Mr.  Willis  is  doing  in  Lewiston,  he  owns  property  in 
Pocatello  and  in  Custer  county,  Idaho. 


JAMES  WILLIAM  WHITCOMB.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  review  is  one  of  the  well  known  and  leading 
citizens  of  Nez  Perces  county,  having  been  one  of  the 
active  participants  in  improvement  and  advancement 
in  its  limits  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  at  the 
present  time  owner  of  a  fine  farm  of  one-half  sec- 
tion in  Tammy  hollow  where  he  also  rents  twelve 
hundred  acres  of  grain  land  and  operates  with  his 
own,  being  thus  one  of  the  largest  farmers  of  the  en- 
tire county.  He  has  his  estate  improved  in  an  up- 
to-date  manner,  and  has  the  best  of  all  kinds  of  ma- 
chinery for  its  cultivation.  Good  buildings  of  all  kinds 
needed  are  in  evidence  and  in  addition,  Mr.  Whit- 
comb  has  a  fine  eight  room  house  and  a  large  barn 
in  Lewiston,  corner  of  Eighth  street  and  Eighth 
avenue,  where  he  resides  during  the  school  season. 

James  W.  Whitcomb  was  born  in  Adams  county, 
Illinois,  on  March  28,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Emory 
Stratton  and  Rhoda  (Beatty)  Whitcomb.  The 
father  was  born  in  1819,  at  West  Swanzy,  Maine,  and 
came  as  an  early  pioneer  to  Illinois,  where  he  was 
married,  his  wife  being  a  native  of  Illinois.  He  was 


a  wool  carder  and  a  miller  and  wrought  at  his  trades 
in  Illinois.  In  the  spring  of  1880,  Mr.  Whitcomb 
came  to  Walla  Walla,  leaving  the  parental  roof  and 
the  old  homestead  of  Illinois.  One  year  later  he  was 
in  Nez  Perces  county  and  there  took  government 
land  which  he  still  owns.  Steadily  and  constantly 
has  Mr.  Whitcomb  wrought  in  the  goodly  enterprise 
of  producing  the  fruits  of  the  field  and  building  up 
the  county  and  is  deserving  of  great  credit  for  his 
worthy  labors. 

On  November  12,  1885,  Mr.  Whitcomb  married 
Miss  Sallie,  daughter  of  James  R.  and  Mary  C. 
(Ruddell)  Nelson,  early  pioneers  of  Nez  Perces  coun- 
ty. Six  children  have  been  born  to  this  happy  union, 
as  follows,  Marvin  R.,  Mamie  A.,  Homer  E.,  Delia 
M.,  Lee  V.,  Joseph  M.  Mr.  Whitcomb  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  W.  A.,  of  Lewiston.  Several  years  since, 
his  parents  came  from  Illinois  and  the  father  died 
here  in  September,  1899,  but  the  mother  died  in 
August,  1889.  Mrs.  Whitcomb's  father  is  living  in 
this  county  but  her  mother  died  on  November  17, 
1898.  Mr.  Whitcomb  is  one  of  the  substantial  and 
reliable  men  of  the  county  and  has  been  very  zealous 
and  active  in  the  cause  of  education  and  general  pro- 
gress. He  and  his  estimable  wife  are  worthy  mem- 
bers of  society  and  stand  in  high  regard  in  the  com- 
munity. 


WILLIAM  A.  TESTERMAN  is  a  true  fron- 
tiersman and  in  many  ways  and  districts  he  has  shown 
forth  the  proof  of  this.  He  was  born  in  Newton 
county,  Missouri,  on  August  6,  1851,  being  the  son 
of  Harvey  and  Nancy  (Eads)  Testerman,  natives  of 
Tennessee,  whence  they  came  to  Newton  county, 
Missouri.  The  father  died  in  1853  and  our  subject 
was  brought  up  with  his  mother  and  stepfather,  Per- 
rin  Fay,  with  whom  he  came  to  Fredonia,  Wilson 
county,  Kansas.  In  1872  he  went  to  Sherman, 
Texas,  then  on  to  western  Texas  where  he  was  a  cow- 
boy for  years.  The  Comanches  were  hostile  at  that 
time  and  as  he  was  a  member  of  the  Texas  Rangers, 
he  had  many  skirmishes  with  the  redskins,  but  was 
never  wounded,  although  he  has  seen  many  killed  by 
their  deadly  arrows.  Mr.  Testerman  was  with  the 
noted  scout,  Jack  Stillwell,  and  had  much  frontier 
experience.  His  health  failed  and,  alone  on  horse- 
back, he  made  the  trip  to  San  Juan,  Colorado,  en- 
countering hostile  Indians  and  much  hardship.  He 
was  without  food  for  three  days  and  laid  out  at 
night.  He  mined  in  Colorado  and  also  had  a  hay 
ranch,  and  in  1878  left  that  country  for  Goldendale, 
Washington.  He  bought  some  horses  there  and  in 
1879  drove  them  to  Wyoming.  On  May  8,  1881,  Mr. 
Testerman  married  Miss  Annie  B.,  daughter  of 
Ephraim  and  Sarah  J.  McFarland.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
McFarland  came  from  the  east  to  Linn  county.Ore- 
gon,  in  pioneer  days  and  there  Mrs.  Testerman  was 
born.  Soon  after  his  marriage,  Mr.  Testerman  took 
another  trip  with  horses  to  the  east,  this  time  taking 
his  wife  with  him.  They  had  a  fine  time,  hunting 
deer,  birds,  antelope,  and  catching  fish.  Following 


MRS.  JAMES  W.  WHITCOMB.  JAMES  W.  WHITCOMB.  WILLIAM  A.  TESTERMAN. 


GEORGE  W.  UNDERWOOD. 


FRED.  B.  SEARS. 


WILLIAM  STEVENSON. 


WILLIAM  E.  RATCLIFFE. 


JOHN  BIELBY. 


JOHN  H.  BLACK. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


249 


this  delightful  trip.  Mr.  Testerman  settled  in  Gilliam 
county,  Oregon,  and  secured  twelve  hundred  acres  of 
fine  land.  He  did  well  raising  wheat  and  the  year  of 
the  panic  had  fifteen  thousand  bushels,  which  he 
hauled  twenty-five  miles  and  sold  for  nineteen  cents 
per  bushel.  This  strain  ruined  him  financially  and  he 
was  forced  to  come  to  the  reservation  with  borrowed 
money.  He  rented  land  from  the  Indians  in  (the 
vicinity  of  Lapwai,  and  in  1899  he  bought  his  present 
place  of  one-half  section  from  the  state,  it  being  school 
land.  His  estate  is  located  four  and  one-half  miles 
east  from  Nezperce.  The  farm  is  in  a  high  state  of 
cultivation  and  Mr.  Testerman  is  one  of  the  heavy 
property  owners  of  this  section.  He  has  a  fine  resi- 
dence, excellent  barn,  and  all  outbuildings  and  im- 
provements that  are  needed  on  the  farm.  Mr.  Tes- 
terman rents  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  In- 
dian land  near  by  and  does  a  general  farming  business 
and  also  raises  stock.  He  own  a  share  in  the  tram- 
way to  Kamiah.  Eight  children  have  been  born  to 
this  happy  couple,  Charles  A.,  James  F.,  Annie  B., 
William  M..  Ada  C.  Ida  E.,  Harvey  E.  and  Robert 
L.  Mr.  Testerman  has  always  been  an  intrepid  and 
skillful  frontiersman  and  although  much  in  the  midst 
of  rough  men,  he  has  never  allowed  himself  to  be  in- 
temperate or  immoral  and  is  the  possessor  of  an  un- 
sullied reputation. 


GEORGE  W.  UNDERWOOD.  This  esteemed 
gentleman  is  one  of  the  first  of  that  worthy  band  of 
pioneers  who  came  into  this  country  when  it  was  wild 
and  inhabited  only  by  savages,  and  here  he  has  done 
excellent  labor  for  the  opening  up  of  the  resources  at 
hand,  the  development  of  the  country,  the  advancement 
of  good  government,  and  the  establishment  of  free  in- 
stitutions of  civilization. 

George  W.  Underwood  was  born  in  Middlesex, 
Yates  county.  New  York,  on  October  9,  1839,  being 
the  son  of  Adams  and  Mahala  (Aldrich)  Underwood. 
The  father  was  a  farmer  and  was  born  on  January  7, 
1803,  in  Vermont  and  died  in  1843.  He  was  a  highly 
educated  man  and  had  taught  school  for  nineteen 
winters  in  one  place.  The  mother  was  born  in  New 
York,  on  May  18,  1804,  and  died  in  August,  1885,  in 
Middlesex.  New  York.  Our  subject  remained  at 
home  after  the  death  of  his  father,  laboring  with  an 
older  brother  and  attending  school.  Before  he  be- 
came of  age,  he  went  west  to  Michigan  and  Illinois 
and  one  year  later  returned  to  his  home.  He  had 
learned  the  wagon  and  carriage  maker's  trade  and  at 
that  time  worked  for  a  carriage  maker.  It  was  in 
1860  that  he  came  west  via  New  York  and  Panama,  to 
San  Francisco  and  thence  to  Douglas  county,  Oregon. 
The  next  spring  he  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  thence, 
in  1861,  to  Lewiston.  He  went  into  the  mines  and 
worked  summers  with  William  Stevenson,  his  part- 
ner. They  did  carpenter  work  thus  until  1873,  and 
then  located  on  .his  present  place,  twenty  miles  south- 
east from.  Lewiston,  and  with  Mr.  Stevenson  went  into 
the  stock  business.  Before  this  Mr.  Underwood  had 


worked  some  as  wagon  and  plow  maker  at  the  Indian 
department  at  the  Lapwai  agency. 

In  July,  1883,  Mr.  Underwood  married  Tillie 
(Giles)  Yane,  daughter  of  Shovel  and  Caroline 
(Short)  Giles,  natives  of  New  York,  and  born  re- 
spectively in  1835  and  1844.  The  father  lives  in  Ore- 
gon and  the  mother  is  dead.  Mrs.  Underwood  was 
born  in  New  York  in  1858  and  has  two  brothers, 
James  and  William.  Mr.  Underwood  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,  Adams,  and  Lucy  J.  Adams,  both  in 
New  York.  They  have  one  child,  Ora,  daughter  of 
Mrs.  Underwood  by  a  former  marriage.  Mr.  Under- 
wood is  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge,  the  chapter,  and 
commandery  of  the  Masonic  order.  He  is  a  charter 
member  of  the  Nez  Perces  Lodge  at  Lewiston,  and 
he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Pioneers'  Association  of 
this  county.  Mr.  Underwood  cast  his  first  vote  for 
Abraham  Lincoln  in  1860  and  has  voted  for  the 
Republican  candidates  ever  since.  Mr.  Underwood  is 
still  in  the  stock  business  and  is  a  substantial  citizen. 


FRED  B.  SEARS  is  a  native  of  the  Occident  and 
in  this  realm  he  has  spent  his  entire  life,  being  imbued 
with  the  true  western  spirit  and  that  enterprise  and 
energy  which  has  brought  to  the  front  the  inland 
empire  country  and  made  the  entire  Pacific  slope  one 
of  the  great  sections  of  the  world.  His  native  place 
is  Carson  City,  Nevada,  and  the  date  of  his  birth, 
March  17,  1862.  The  parents,  James  D.  and  Marietta 
(Camburn)  Sears,  were  natives  respectively  of  New 
York  and  Michigan.  The  father's  family  is  an  old 
and  prominent  New  England  house.  He  went  to 
California  in  the  winter  of  1849-50  and  did  placer 
mining  on  the  American  river.  A  few  years  after 
he  went  east,  married,  returned  to  the  coast  and  now 
lives  in  Grand  Forks,  British  Columbia.  He  pos- 
sesses considerable  property  there  and  is  engaged  in 
the  real  estate  business  -and  mining  brokerage.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  is  living  with  him  at  present 
and  her  mother  is  still  living  in  Michigan.  She 
comes  from  an  old  American  family  of  English  de- 
scent. Our  subject  was  raised  principally  in  southern 
California,  studied  in  Inyo  county  and  then  returned 
to  Carson  City  when  he  was  sixteen.  His  parents 
went  to  Washington  and  he  was  variously  engaged, 
being  in  the  Water  business  for  ten  years.  Later  we 
see  him  in  Palouse,  handling  meat.  Two  years  were 
spent  there  and  he  went  to  Spokane,  where  he  was 
special  police  for  a  time  after  the  fire  and  in  January, 
1890,  he  came  to  Wallace.  He  was  engaged  in  the 
meat  trade  there  for  a  year  and  in  the  spring  of  1891 
Mr.  Sears  went  to  Wardner.  He  conducted  a  first- 
class  butcher  shop  and  had  an  excellent  trade.  Lately 
he  came  to  Lewiston  and  opened  up  a  fine  shop  here. 
Mr.  Sears  has  four  brothers  and  one  sister,  Jesse  R., 
Charles  F.,  Frank  D.,  Justin  C.,  Mrs.  Nettie  E. 
Barger. 

At  Palouse,  on  January  2,  1900,  Mr.  Sears  mar- 
ried Miss  Martha  E..  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Nancy 
Knight.  The  father  was  a  well  known  pioneer  in  the 


250 


HISTORY   OF  NORTH   IDAHO; 


Polouse  country,  and  is  now  deceased.  The  mother 
lives  in  Palouse.  Mrs.  Sears  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Henry  P.,  probate  judge  in  Wal- 
lace; Everett,  Samuel.  Mrs.  Georgia  Coleman,  Mrs. 
Marie  Todd.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Sears,  Carl  F.,  Henry  D.,  Mildred,  aged 
eleven,  four  and  two,  respectively.  Mr.  Sears  is  a 
member  of  the  Elks,  Coeur'd'Alene  331 ;  of  the  K.  of 
P.,  Galena  No.  12;  of  the  Junior  Order  of  American 
Mechanics;  of  the  Eagles,  Wardner  Aerie.  Mr. 
Sears  is  a  true  blue  Republican  and  is  frequently  a 
delegate  to  the  county  conventions,  where  he  is  an  in- 
fluential member.  Mr.  Sears  is  a  thorough  western 
man  by  both  birth  and  practice,  is  enterprising,  up-to- 
date  and  popular  and  one  of  the  substantial  business 
operators  in  this  entire  Coeur  d'Alene  country. 


WILLIAM  STEVENSON.  It  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  give  to  this  worthy  pioneer 
and  substantial  farmer  and  loyal  citizen  of  Nez  Per- 
ces  county,  a  representation  in  his  county  history, 
since  he  has  labored  for  many  years  for  the  devel- 
opment of  this  county,  has  maintained  an  unsullied 
reputation,  has  always  been  a  good  and  upright  man 
and  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  to-day. 

William '  Stevenson  was  born  "in  Prince  Edward 
Island,  on  September  21,  1841,  being  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Jane  (Orr)  Stevenson.  The  father  was  a  farmer, 
born  in  Scotland  in  1802  and  died  in  Prince  Edward 
Island  in  1889.  His  ancestors  were  natives  of  Scotland 
and  his  father  was  John  Stevenson.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  also  born  in  Scotland  in  1808,  and  died 
in  1860,  her  parents  being  Robert  and  Jane  Orr.  Will- 
iam remained  with  his  parents  until  of  age  and  then 
started  for  himself,  having  received  his  education  from 
the  schools  of  his  native  place.  He  went  to  New  York 
and  thence  via  Panama  to  San  Francisco,  arriving 
there  in  1863.  He  labored  on  a  farm  for  a  time,  then 
went  to  Puget  Sound  where  he  worked  in  the  woods 
until  1865.  One  year  was  spent  in  Canyon  City,  Ore- 
gon, then  and  afterwards,  he  went  to  Montana  and 
thence  to  Lewiston.  It  was  1866  that  he  landed  in 
this  county.  He  worked  in  the  mines  in  the  summer 
and  wintered  in  Lewiston.  In  1873  he  took  up  his 
present  place,  twenty  miles  southeast  from  Lewiston, 
where  he  has  remained  since,  giving  his  attention 
to  general  farming  and  raising  stock.  He  has  four 
hundred  acres  of  land  and  his  stock  consists  of  horses 
and  cattle. 

On  June  14,  1882,  Mr.  Stevenson  married  Miss 
Julia,  daughter  of  A.  J.  Glass,  who  was  born  in  Ohio 
in  1830,  and  died  in  1898.  This  wedding  occurred  in 
Nez  Perces  county.  Mrs.  Stevenson  was  born  in  Illi- 
nois in  1857.  Her  brothers,  John  R.  and  Thomas 
C.,  live  in  Nez  Perces  county,  and  her  sister,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Day,  resides  at  Douglas  island,  Alaska.  Mr. 
Stevenson  has  brother  and  sisters  named  below,  Rob- 
ert, in  Prince  Edward  island ;  Margaret  Wyand,  Jane 
Head,  Mary,  deceased;  Martha  McLeod,  Agnes,  de- 
ceased; half  brothers,  Henry  B.,  and  Charles.  To 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stevenson  there  have  been  born  six 
children,  Grace  M,  Winifred  G.,  Clarence  C.,  Ella  B., 
Mildred  R.,  and  Laura  May.  In  political  matters, 
Mr.  Stevenson  is  a  staunch  Republican  and  always 
attends  to  voting  and  the  interests  of  his  county.  He 
is  an  ardent  and  intelligent  supporter  of  good  educa- 
tional facilities  and  has  done  much  for  the  schools. 
Mr.  Stevenson  is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer's  Asso- 
ciation. He  is  respected  by  all,  is  a  loyal  friend  and 
a  kind  neighbor  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of 
his  section. 


WILLIAM  E.  RATCLIFFE.  It  is  seldom  our 
opportunity  to  review  the  career  of  a  man  who  has 
had  more  experience  in  the  life  of  the  frontiersman 
and  in  the  hardships  of  pioneer  life  than  the  subject 
of  this  article  and  it  is  very  fitting  that  an  account  of 
his  life  be  embodied  in  this  history  of  Nez  Perces 
county,  inasmuch  as  he  has  done  a  great  deal  here  for 
the  advancement  of  the  county  and  has  always  con- 
ducted himself  in  a  commendable  manner,  and  is  to- 
day one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county. 

William  E.  Ratcliffe  was  born  in  Henry  county, 
Indiana,  on  January  20,  1845,  being  the  son  of  Isaac 
and  Hulda  (Carr)'  Ratcliffe,  natives  of  Ohio,  both 
being  born  in  1820;  the  father  dying  in  1891  and  the 
mother  in  1853.  Our  subject  went  with  the  family 
to  Marshall  county,  Iowa,  when  he  was  thirteen  and 


nineteen,  and  then  he  desired  to  go  to  the  West  accord- 
ingly he  fitted  out  four  teams  and  joined  a  train  in 
Omaha  that  was  to  make  the  journey.  At  Pawnee 
Springs,  the  Indians  began  to  manifest  their 
hostilities,  threatening  to  scalp  the  immigrants 
and  from  that  time  until  they  landed  at 
their  journey's  end,  the  sturdy  immigrants 
would  not  allow  a  red  skin  to  show  his  head 
in  the  camp.  They  fought  the  entire  distance,  but 


camped  on  the  Platte  river,  a  poor  unfortunate  band 
of  immigrants  on  the  other  side,  who  had  seven 
wagons,  were  all  murdered  by  the  savages.  Our  sub- 
ject and  his  comrades  were  powerless  to  do  anything 
to  avert  the  awful  catastrophe  and  the  fiendish  red 
men  did  a  thorough  work.  One  man  was  brought 
into  the  camp  with  nine  arrows  in  his  body,  but  he 
recovered.  The  other  ten  of  that  hapless  train  were 
killed.  May  16,  1864,  was  the  date  they  started 
and  one  hundred  and  twenty  days  later  they  stopped  in 
the  Grande  Ronde  valley.  A  short  stop  was  made  at 
Boise,  while  enroute.  Trie  spring  of  1865  Mr.  Ratcliffe 
went  to  Boise  and  remained  one  year.  Then  he  went  to 
Portland,  and  afterward  visited  Benton,  Lane,  Douglas, 
Linn  and  Wasco  counties.  In  the  last  named 
county  he  operated  a  butcher  shop  for  two  years.  His, 
next  move  was  to  Linn  and  then  Marion  and  Yam 
Hill  counties.  Later  he  went  to  Portland  and  after- 
wards to  Salt  Lake.  From  there  he  went  to  Lower 
California  through  Nevada,  taking  his  family  with 

1880.    He  crossed  the  Los  Vegas  desert  of  sixty  miles 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


251 


without  water,  having  his  family  with  him.  Two 
years  were  spent  in  Los  Angeles  county  and  then  by 
steamer  he  went  to  Santa  Barbara  and  bought  teams 
to  make  his  way  through  the  state  to  Red  Bluff, 
whence  he  returned  to  Lane  county.  The  next  move 
was  to  Davenport,  Washington,  where  he  remained 
eleven  years  and  operated  a  stock  ranch  and  butcher 
shop.  Then  he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  his 
son  took  up  land  where  the  town  of  Peck  now  stands. 

Mr.  Ratcliffe  married  Sallie  A.  Bridges,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1867,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Lane  county, 
Oregon.  Her  parents,  Samuel  and  Betsey  Bridges, 
were  early  pioneers  to  Oregon,  1852  being  the  date  of 
their  immigration.  Mrs.  Ratcliffe  was  born  in  Iowa 
in  1845  and  crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents  in 
1852.  She  died  in  1889,  leaving  four  children,  Betsey, 
J.,  wife  of  John  Horwage  in  Davenport,  Washington; 
Isaac  N.,  Marion  A.,  Nancy  E.,  wife  of  J.  O.  Moore, 
all  in  Peck,  Idaho. 

In  1891,  Mrs.  Ratcliffe  married  a  second  time  and 
in  1900  this  lady  also  passed  away.  Mr.  Ratcliffe  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Mary,  Jemima, 
Louisa,  all  deceased;  Thomas  E.,  in  Idaho  county. 
Mr.  Ratcliffe  is  a  Quaker  and  has  always  followed 
their  faith.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  while  interested 
in  the  welfare  of  the  county,  is  not  a  politician.  He 
is  an  advocate  of  good  schools  and  advancement  in 
all  lines  and  has  always  labored  for  this. 


JOHN  BIELBY.  This  genial  gentleman  is  pro- 
prietor of  a  nice  hotel  and  a  good  feed  stable  in 
Fletcher,  where  he  has  done  a  thriving  business  since, 
the  opening  of  the  house  and  on  account  of  his  kind 
care  for  the  welfare  and  comfort  of  guests,  his  wis- 
dom in  providing  entertainment,  and  the  business-like 
manner  in  which  he  operates  his  hotel,  he  is  rapidly 
gaining  an  increasing  patronage  and  has  the  reputa- 
tion of  having  as  fine  a  place  as  there  is  on  the  reser- 
vation for  caring  for  guests. 

John  Bielby  was  born  in  Bridlington,  East  Riding, 
Yorkshire,  England,  on  October  30,  1843,  being  the 
son  of  William  and  Hannah  Bielby,  natives  of  the 
same  place.  The  father  was  a  Methodist  preacher 
and  continued  his  calling  until  his  death.  Our  subject 
was  the  eighth  of  a  family  of  nine  children  and  was 
educated  in  his  native  place.  On  May  27,  1865,  Mr. 
Bielby  married  Miss  Elizabeth  S.  Hodson,  who  was 
born  in  Butterwick,  Yorkshire,  England,  on  October 
21,  1843.  On  October  3,  1871,  Mr.  Bielby  started 
with  his  wife  and  three  children  from  Liverpool  to 
Boston,  on  the  steamer  Porttrain.  They  landed  finally 
in  Fillmore  county,  Minnesota  and  farmed  there  until 
1879,  when  he  removed  to  Lac  Qui  Parle  county,  the 
same  state.  In  1892  they  went  to  Alberta,  Northwest 
Territory,  where  Mr.  Bielby  operated  a  dray  line  for 
a  year  and  then  took  the  oversight  of  a  coal  mine. 
It  was  in  1896  that  he  came  to  Pullman  and  the  fall 
of  that  year,  October,  he  located  his  lots  in  Fletcher 
and  erected  a  dwelling  house.  Later  he  put  up  a  good 
building  for  a  hotel,  having  commodious  office,  parlors, 


kitchen,  dining  room,  bed  room,  and  so  forth  below 
and  occupied  with  sleeping  rooms  above.  He  does  a 
good  business  here  as  well  as  in  his  feed  stable.  Mr. 
Bielby  was  one  of  the  very  first  who  located  in  Fletcher 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  town.  The  fol- 
lowing named  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  Bielby 
and  his  faithful  wife :  Mary  A.,  wife  of  J.  Nelson,  a 
farmer  in  Alberta;  Sarah  "E.  wife  of  J.  Blades,  a 
butcher  in  Alberta ;  Margaret  H.,  wife  of  E.  Dunbar, 
who  operates  and  owns  a  large  elevator  and  general 
merchandise  store  in  Beaver  Creek,  Rock  county,  Min- 
nesota; Ellen,  wife  of  R.  P.  Pettepiece,  editor  and 
owner  of  a  Socialist  paper  in  Vancouver,  British  Co- 
lumbia; Alice,  wife  of  R.  Hutchinson,  a  miner  of 
Rossland ;  William,  at  home. 


JOHN  H.  BLACK.  The  subject  of  this  review 
is  one  of  the  sturdy  men  who  have  made  the  reser- 
vation portion  of  Nez  Perces  county  one  of  the  best 
places  in  the  state  of  Idaho.  He  is  well  respected,  is 
a  man  of  ability  and  erudition  and  has  a  wide  influ- 
ence in  the  affairs  of  the  county. 

John  H.  Black  was  born  in  Clark  county,  Missouri, 
on  January  4,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  J.  and 
Ann  (Burner)  Black,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  is 
of  Scotch-Irish  lineage  and  now  lives  near  South- 
wick.  The  mother  died  when  John  H.  was  a  small 
boy.  For  twenty  years  of  his  life,  our  subject  was  in 
Missouri  and  during  this  time  he  gained  his  educa- 
tion from  the  district  schools.  Then  came  a  trip 
to  the  west  and  settlement  was  made  near  Colfax,  and 
one  year  was  spent  on  a  dairy  ranch.  Then  he  farmed 
until  1890,  after  which  he  purchased  a  ranch  adjoining 
Leland.  Here  he  remained  until  the  opening  of  the 
reservation,  when  he  took  his  present  place  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Giftord.  He  was  in  financial  straits  at  that 
time,  but  by  hard  work  and  taking  advantage  of  the 
resources  of  the  country,  he  has  come  to  be  well  re- 
warded with  the  goods  of  this  world.  This  last  year 
Mr.  Black  rented  his  land  and  is  now  living  in  Gif- 
ford.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Charles  E.,  in  Leland ;  Samuel,  at  Southwick ;  Matilda 
J.,  wife  of  John  A.  Porter,  a  banker  of  Luray  City, 
Missouri ;  Mabel,  a  school  girl  in  Leland.  Mr.  Black 
is  a  staunch  Democrat,  active  in  all  questions  of  in- 
terest and  a  zealous  laborer  for  good  schools  and 

On  February  9,  1890,  Air.  Black  married  Miss 
Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Matthew  and  Elizabeth  (Luther) 
Williams,  the  wedding  occurring  at  Leland.  Mr.  Will- 
iams was  born  in  Virginia  and  died  in  1901,  aged 
seventy.  His  death  resulted  from  a  team  running 
over  him.  He  was  a  pioneer  of  Illinois,  being  one  of 
the  first  settlers  in  Gallatin  county.  Then  he  went  to 
Pratt  county,  Kansas,  in  1885  and  then  engaged  in 
stock  raising,  merchandising  and  banking.  He  owned 
a  large  hotel  and  other  property.  The  mother  of  Mrs. 
Black  was  born  in  Illinois  and  died  at  the  residence 
of  her  son,  Rev.  Williams,  on  the  reservation,  in 
March,  1900.  Mrs.  Black  was  born  in  Illinois  in  Feb- 


352 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


ruary,  1873  and  has  five  brothers  and  three  sisters. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Black : 
Norval  A.,  born  May  26,  1895  ;  Ila  M.,  born  November 
22.,  1898,  and  Norma  Irene,  born  October  20,  1901. 


HARDY  W.  SHELBURN  is  a  prosperous  general 
merchant  at  Peck,  where  he  does  a  good  business,  and 
owing  to  his  ability  and  careful  attention  to  business, 
is  steadily  gaining  a  lucrative  and  increasing  patron- 
age. He  is  a  man  of  good  principles,  manifests  in- 
tegrity and  worth  and  has  gained  the  respect  and  con- 
fidence of  all. 

Hardy  W.  Shelburn  was  born  in  Plover,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  October  18,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Hardy  H. 
and  Valeria  (Sutton)  Shelburn,  natives  of  Missouri, 
and  born,  November  14,  1836,  and  December  22,  1838, 
respectively.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Wisconsin 
and  is  now  in  partnership  with  his  son  in  the  store  in 
Peck.  The  mother  died  in  August,  1870.  Our  sub- 
ject grew  up  and  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and 
then  the  family  removed  to  Norman  county,  Minne- 
sota. On  the  Red  River  Valley  Journal  he  learned 
the  printer's  trade  and  labored  there  for  five  years,  be- 
ing foreman  when  he  quit.  Then  he  went  to  brak- 
ing on  the  railroad  and  farmed  until  1889,  when  he 
came  to  Spokane.  This  was  in  November  and  soon 
he  removed  to  Stevens  county,  near  Newport.  He  was 
the  second  settler  there  and  seven  years  were  spent  on 
a  homestead,  raising  hay  and  selling  wood,  and  then 
a  move  was  made  to  the  vicinity  of  Spangle.  In  1899 
he  came  to  Peck.  He  bought  an  interest  with  E.  E. 
Carter  and  one  year  later  sold  out  to  him.  Carter 
then  moved  away  and  on  May  24,  1901,  in  company 
with  his  father,  he  opened  a  general  merchandise  es- 
tablishment. They  have  succeeded  well  and  now  en- 
joy a  fine  trade. 

On  December  14,  1895,  in  Stevens  county,  Wash- 
ington, Mr.  Shelburn  married  Miss  Hester,  daughter 
of  George  W.  and  Mary  Casteel,  natives  of  Ohio  and 
Missouri,  respectively.  'The  father  was  born  in  1844. 
Mrs.  Shelburn  has  three  sisters.  Minerva  Meek,  Net- 
tie Blalock  and  Sophia  Rice.  Mr.  Shelburn  has  four 
sisters,  Sarah  Foster,  Dora  Marion,  Kate  Geau- 
dreau,  and  Julia  Newby.  To  our  subject  and  his 
faithful  wife  there  have  been  born  four  children,  Ada, 
Harry,  Ila,  Muriel.  Mr.  Shelburn  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  In  politics  he  is  associated  with  the 
Democratic  party.  Mr.  Shelburn  has  always  cast  his 
influence  on  the  side  of  good  government  and  good 
schools  and  is  one  of  the  influential  and  capable  men  of 
this  section. 

JOHN  J.  PHILIPI.  Among  the  capable,  enter- 
prising and  successful  business  men  of  Lewiston  is  to 
be  mentioned  the  industrious  and  skillful  tradesman 
whose  name  appears  above,  and  who  has  since  1885 
operated  a  first-class  tailor  shop  in  Lewiston,  where 
he  is  now  doing  a  thriving  business,  being  highly  re- 
spected and  in"good  standing.  John  J.  was  born  in 


Austria,  near  Prague,  on  November  i,  1856,  being  the 
son  of  John  and  Anna  (Borovec)  Philipi.  The  father 
was  a  weaver,  born  near  Prague  and  died  aged  fifty, 
in  1870.  The  mother  was  also  born  in  the  same  place 
in  1830,  and  she  is  now  living  in  Washington.  Her 
parents,  Tony  and  Anna  Borovec,  both  died  in  Port- 
land. Our  subject  was  educated  in  Austria,  then  was 
bound  out  to  a  tailor  in  1870,  serving  four  years,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  he  came  to  the  West  Indies, 
thence  via  Panama  to  San  Francisco  and  Portland, 
whither  his  mother  and  three  brothers  had  preceded 
him  the  year  previous.  He  worked  for  a  time  at  his 
trade,  then  returned  to  San  Francisco,  working  for  a 
few  months  and  then  enlisting  in  the  regular  army, 
Company  D,  First  Cavalry.  In  1877  he  was  sent  to 
Nez  Perces  to  assist  in  quelling  the  Indians  and  he 
participated  in  a  number  of  engagements.  He  then  re- 
turned to  the  Golden  Gate  and  was  transferred  to  the 
Twenty-first,  Company  K,  under  Captain  Downie, 
being  company  tailor,  and  in  1882  he  was  honorably 
discharged  at  Vancouver.  He  opened  a  tailor  shop 
and  did  well  there  until  1885,  when  he  came  to  Lewis- 
ton  and  engaged  in  the  tailoring  business  here,  where 
he  has  wrought  with  a  winning  hand  since  that  time, 
being  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  business  men 
of  the  city.  In  1897  Mr.  Philipi  took  a  homestead  on 
the  Nez  Perces  reservation  and  proved  up  on  it  re- 
cently, having  a  fine  farm,  well  improved. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Philipi  and  Miss  Fannie, 
daughter  of  Martins  M.  and  Fannie  Podamy,  natives 
of  Austria  and  immigrants  to  America  in  1871,  was 
solemnized  in  Portland,  on  May  22,  1882,  and  to  them 
four  children  have  been  born,  Ida,  Chester,  Allie  and 
Lela.  Mrs.  Philipi  has  four  sisters,  of  whom  three  are 
now  living,  Mary  Connasek,  Anna  Bonty  and  Josie 
Kiten.  Mr.  Philipi  has  three  brothers,  Joseph,  Anton 
and  Henry.  Mr.  Philipi  is  a  member  of  the  Macca- 
bees, while  he  and  his  family  are  Catholics.  Mr. 
Philipi  is  a  Democrat  and  active  in  political  matters. 
In  addition  to  his  farm  he  has  a  fine  business  in  Lewis- 
ton  and  has  conducted  his  financial  matters  in  a  be- 
coming and  wise  manner.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Pioneer  Association  and  is  really  one  of  the  builders  of 
the  county,  having  labored  faithfully  in  all  his  ways. 


SHERMAN  W.  FANNING  is  a  westerner  by 
birth  and  has  devoted  himself  to  the  development  of 
the  raw  country  of  the  west  for  many  years  with  grati- 
fying results  in  a  fine  farm,  good  improvements  and 
a  substantial  holding  of  property  that  makes  him  one 
of  the  well-to-do  men  of  the  vicinity  of  Nezperce,  his 
farm  being  about  one  mile  southwest  from  Nezperce. 

Sherman  W.  Fanning  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
Albany,  Oregon,  on  September  18,  1865,  being  the  son 
of  Elias  E.  and  Mary  A.  (Gladhill)  Fanning,  natives  of 
Morgan  county,  Illinois.  Levi  Fanning,  grandfather 
of  our  subject,  was  a  Mexican  war  veteran.  The 
father  of  Sherman  was  a  member  of  the  state  militia 
in  Illinois.  In  1852  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fanning  crossed 
the  plains  with  a  train  of  over  two  hundred  people. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Cholera  attacked  them  and  many  of  the  emigrants  were 
buried  by  the  trail.  Six  months  were  consumed  on 
this  vreary  journey  and  they  settled  near  Albany  on  a 
donation  claim.  In  1874  they  came  to  the  vicinity  of 
Forest  Grove  and  in  1877  they  all  settled  near  Pome- 
roy,  Washington.  The  father  was  a  prominent 
politician  in  Oregan  and  served  in  the  legislature  from 
Washington  county.  He  was  also  prominent  in  the 
Grange  movement  in  that  state. 

On  July  4,  1887,  Mr.  Fanning  married  Miss  Effie 
M.,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Sarah  E.  (Bragg) 
Warfield,  natives  of  Illinois,  and  came  from  Union 
county,  Iowa,  where  Mrs.  Fanning  was  born,  to 
Pomeroy,  in  1881.  Mr.  Warfield  died  on  January  11, 

1899,  but  his  widow  is  still  living  in  Whitman  county, 
Washington.     Mr.  Fanning  resided  near  Pomeroy  un- 
til the  spring  of   1898,  when  he  came  to  his  present 
farm,  which  is  now  well  supplied  with  buildings  and 
the   farm   is   highly  cultivated  and  a  valuable  place. 
Mr.  Fanning  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  Camp  No. 
419,  of  Nezperce.     Two  children  have  been  born  to 
him  and  his  estimable  wife,  Sherman  W.  and  Arthur. 
L.     Mr.  Fanning's  mother  died  on  December  5,  1891, 
aged   fifty-five.     His    father   died   on   December   23, 

1900,  aged  sixty-seven.     He  is  a  director  of  the  Nez- 
perce tramway,  the  first  one  on  the  Clearwater,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  instigators. 


LEE  MAYS.  While  the  worthy  pioneers  who  first 
started  the  commercial  activity  and  business  of  Nez 
Perces  county  did  a  noble  work,  still  there  are  many 
who  have  come  here  since  that  have  manifested  ex- 
cellent enterprise  also  in  the  continuation  of  the  indus- 
trial interests  of  this  section.  Among  this  number  we 
mention  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who,  in  company 
with  F.  Gritman,  does  a  fine  business  in  Lewiston,  be- 
ing proprietors  of  the  White  Front  livery  and  feed 
stable  in  Lewiston.  They  have  a  fine  equipment  of 
stock,  vehicles  and  buildings,  and  are  up-to-date  and 
careful  liverymen,  doing  a  fine  business  at  the  present 

Mr.  Mays  is  distinctly  a  western  product,  being 
born  in  Walla  Walla,  on  January  19,  1877,  and  at  the 
age  of  thirteen  doing  for  himself,  since  which  time  he 
has  always  conducted  his  affairs  with  great  credit  to 
himself.  His  father,  John  Mays,  who  was  a  carpen- 
ter, farmer  and  stockman,  born  in  1857,  crossed  the 
plains  in  an  early  day,  and  died  in  July,  1902.  His 
mother,  Rachel  (Beard)  Mays,  was  born  in  1857  and 
is  at  Green  Creek,  Idaho.  When  our  subject  was  one 
year  old,  his  parents  went  to  the  vicinity  of  Dayton  and 
farmed.  That  continued  to  be  his  home,  except  from 
1895  to  1898,  when  he  was  with  the  Walla  Walla 
Dressed  Meat  Company,  of  Dayton.  Mr.  Mays  was 
in  the  livery  business  there  until"  he  came  to  Lewiston. 
He  then  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Gritman  and 
together  they  started  the  livery  stable  mentioned  and 
have  since  that  time  done  a  fine  business. 

On  June  10,  1902,  Mr.  Mays  married  Miss  Nellie, 
daughter  of  John  A.  and  Ellen  A.  (Watris)  Knox,  at 


Dayton,  Washington.  Mr.  Knox  was  born  in  New 
York,  in  1845,  came  west  in  1889  and  settled  in  Colum- 
bia, where  he  lives  now  and  is  an  esteemed  and  suc- 
cessful farmer.  Mrs.  Knox  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  in 
1847.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  Mrs.  Mays  was 
John  E.  Knox,  born  in  Ireland,  of  Scotch  descent, 
while  her  maternal  grandfather,  Levi  Watris,  was 
born  in  Canada  and  came  to  America  when  young. 
Mrs.  Mays  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  September  26,  1881, 
and  educated  in  the  high  school  in  Columbia  county, 
Washington.  She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ter, John  Arthur,  Clara  Mays,  Walter  and  Bruce,  all 
in  Columbia  county.  Mr.  Mays  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters,  Daughty,  deceased;  An- 
drew, near  Dayton,  Washington;  Lulu,  wife  of  Will- 
iam Hood  in  Kooskia,  Idaho;  Maude,  wife  of  Willis 
Baldwin,  in  Dayton,  Washington;  Stella,  Grace, 
Charlie,  at  Green  Creek;  also  a  half  brother,  Robbie 
Dunn.  Mr.  Mays  is  active  in  the  political  world  and 
has  always  allied  himself  with  the  Democratic  party. 


JOHN  R.  WOLFE.  Among  the  enterprising  and 
successful  young  men  of  Nez  Perces  county  who  are 
making  a  good  success  because  of  ability  and  industry 


rt>j« 


arti- 


cle, who  at  the  present  time  is  conducting  an  £ 
ing  office  in  Lewiston,  where  he  is  doing  a  fine  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Wolfe  was  born  in  Brown  county,  Kansas, 
on  December  2,  1869,  being  the  son  of  John  C.  and 
Cintha  (Doughty)  Wolfe.  The  father  is  a  grocery 
man  in  Moscow,  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1848,  came  to 
Washington  in  1875  and  to  Idaho  in  1876  and  is  now 
councilman  of  Moscow.  He  enlisted  in  the  Union 
army  when  a  boy  and  his  parents  took  him  out,  after 
which  he  returned  and  re-enlisted.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1849  and  is  living  in 
Moscow,  while  her  mother  is  still  living  in  Illinois. 
Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents  until  of  age. 
He  attended  public  school  and  worked  on  the  farm  and 
finally  took  a  course  in  the  University  at  Moscow, 
finishing  with  a  special  course  in  mineralogy.  He 
then  opened  an  office  for  assaying  for  two  years  in 
Moscow,  after  which  he  repaired  to  Florence  and  did 
business  there  for  a  time  and  at  the  time  of  the  Buffalo 
Hump  excitement  he  went  thither  and  opened  an  of- 
fice for  assaying,  mining  engineering  and  surveying, 
doing  also  a  contracting  business.  Later  we  find  him 
in  Stuart  on  the  Clearwater,  running  an  assay  office. 
Then  he  took  a  position  with  the  Lolo  Pioneer  Mining 
Company  in  the  Pierce  City  district  and  stayed  with 
them  until  1901.  Then  he  went  to  Moscow  and 
erected  the  White  Cross  Mills,  after  which  he  came  to 
Lewiston  and  opened  an  assaying  office,  where  he  is 
doing  a  good  business. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Wolfe  and  Miss  Lunia, 
daughter  of  J.  R.  and  Sarah  Fariss,  of  Latah  county, 
was  solemnized  in  Moscow  on  January  20,  1891,  and 
to  them  has  been  born  one  child,  Robert  W.,  born 
August  18,  1902.  Mr.  Fariss  is  a  farmer  and  a  na- 
tive of  Virginia  and  in  addition  to  Mrs.  Wolfe,  who- 


254 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  born  in  Stanberry,  Missouri,  on  June  24,  1870,  he 
had  other  children  as  follows,  George,  at  Pueblo, 
Colorado;  Delmer,  in  Idaho;  Cinthia  and  Effie,  in 
Moscow.  Mr.  Wolfe  has  two  sisters,  Neva,  wife  of 
L.  J.  Lindley,  in  Pullman;  Ada,  at  home.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wolfe  are  members  of  the  Christian  church  and 
are  hearty  supporters  of  their  faith.  He  is  a  Republi- 
can as  have  been  his  people  for  some  time. 


FRED  GRITMAN  has  not  long  been  in  business  in 
Lewiston,  but  he  has  manifested  the  ability  and  genial- 
ity that  have  already  won  him  a  good  patronage  and 
which  made  him  many  friends  in  other  sections  ad- 
jacent to  Nez  Perces  county,  where  he  has  wrought  for 
a  long  time.  He  was  born  in  Central,  Menard  county, 
Illinois,  on  February  22,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Delos 
W.  and  Mary  E.  (Davis)  Gritman,  natives  of  New- 
York,  the  father  dying  in  1894,  and  the  mother  in 
1893.  Our  subject  remained  at  home,  attended  the 
common  schools,  and  labored  on  the  farm  with  his 
father  until  the  time  of  his  majority  and  then  came  to 
Walla  Walla  county,  Washington.  Soon  he  went  to 
Columbia  county  and  started  at  the  art  of  agriculture, 
but  mostly  handling  cattle  and  sheep.  He  met  with 
fair  success  in  the  business  and  remained  at  it  for 
twenty  years.  Then  he  sold  his  stock,  retaining  his 
cattle,  and  came  to  Lewiston.  This  was  the  first  of 
1902.  The  change  was  made  as  Mr.  Gritman  was 
breaking  down  from  the  arduous  exercise  of  riding 
horseback.  In  Lewiston  he  went  into  the  livery  busi- 
ness in  partnership  with  Lee  Mays,  and  they  operate 
the  White  Front  livery  on  Main  street,  which  is  a 
first-class  establishment  in  every  respect,  being  pro- 
vided with  accommodating  attendants,  fine  stock  and 
elegant  rigs,  and  the  proprietors  are  tireless  in  their 
efforts  for  the  comfort  and  safety  of  their  patrons. 

On  October  26,  1881,  Mr.  Gritman  married  Miss 
Laura  B.,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Emily  (Kincaid) 
Gaines,  in  Illinois,  and  to  them  have  been  born  six 
children,  Lottie,  Addie,  Fred  S.,  H.  Lee,  Ernest, 
Oneta,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Gaines  was  a  farmer,  born  in 
Kentucky,  and  died  in  1892.  His  wife  was  also  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  born  December  12,  1832,  and  died 
on  March  20,  1902,  at  Mason  City,  Illinois.  Mrs. 
Gritman  was  born  in  Illinois  on  March  31,  1861 ;  she 
has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters,  Charles,  Anna 
Copper,  James  E.,  and  Mollie  Stone.  Mr.  Gritman 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Nettie 
Rayburn,  Charles,  A.  D.,  Nellie  Clark,  May  Rowe, 
Lulu  Johnson  and  Earl.  Mr.  Gritman  was  deputy 
assessor  in  Columbia  county  and  has  always  taken 
active  interest  in  political  matters,  both  of  state  and 
county,  being  allied  with  the  Republican  party. 


OWEN  DEVLIN,  a  respected  and  well  known  cit- 
izen of  Nez  Perces  county,  whose  uprightness  and  abil- 
ity are  manifest  in  his  labors  and  achievements,  is  a 
son  of  the  noted  Emerald  Isle,  and  the  good  Irish 


blood  that  courses  in  his  veins  has  enabled  him  to  suc- 
cessfully battle  with  the  adverse  forces  of  the  world 
and  gain  a  good  holding  in  the  material  line,  while  his 
integrity,  manly  qualities,  and  intrinsic  worth  have 
gained  for  him  the  encomiums,  good  will  and  confi- 
dence of  all  who  know  him. 

Owen  Devlin  was  born  on  June  n,  1853,  in  Ire- 
land, being  the  son  of  Patrick  and  Kate,  also  natives 
of  Ireland.  The  former  was  born  in  1824  and  died  in 
1894,  while  the  latter  was  born  in  1824  and  died  in 
1898,  being  farmers  all  their  lives.  Our  subject  was 
reared  and  educated  in  the  native  place  and  there 
wrought  with  his  father  until  he  had  reached  the  age  of 
nineteen.  This  was  in  1872,  and  that  marks  the  year 
when  Owen  severed  home  ties,  parted  with  native 
land  and  sailed  for  better  opportunities  in  the  land 
of  the  free.  He  went  at  once  to  Illinois  and  com- 
menced railroading,  which  he  followed  for  three  years 
with  his  headquarters  at  Rock  Island.  His  next  move 
was  to  Clayton  county,  Iowa,  where  he  continued  rail- 
roading for  fifteen  years.  It  was  1890  when  he  came 
to  Spokane  and  nine  years  were  spent  in  the  labor 
wherein  he  had  become  proficient,  railroading.  Then 
he  made  his  way  to  the  reservation  and  in  1899  pur- 
chased his  present  farm.  This  estate  consists  of  one 
quarter  section  and  is  situated  three  miles  southwest 
from  Peck.  Mr.  Devlin  has  given  the  same  assiduous 
attention  and  labor,  always  dominated  with  wisdom  of 
a  high  order,  which  always  characterized  him  in  earlier 
years  and  he  has  won  the  smiles  of  fortune  and  is  one 
of  the  substantial  and  prosperous  men  of  the  county. 
He  has  a  good  residence,  commodious  barns,  excellent 
orchard,  and  other  improvements  to  match,  while  he 
devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and  raising  cattle 
and  hogs. 

In  July,  1876,  Mr.  Devlin  married  Miss  Margaret 
Sturum,  a  native  of  Germany,  born  in  1864.  Her 
parents  were  natives  of  the  same  country  and  came  to 
this  country  in  1866.  She  has  three  brothers  and  one 
sister  living.  Mr.  Devlin  has  the  following  brothers, 
John,  in  Iowa:  Thomas,  in  Ireland;  Patrick  in  Iowa; 
James,  in  Ohio.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Devlin  have 
been  born  the  following  named  children,  Kate 
Graham,  James,  Martin.  Susie,  Agnes.  Patrick,  John, 
William,  Michael.  Bessie.  Mr.  Devlin  is  a  member  of 
of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  while  he  and  his  wife  are  adherents  of 
the  Catholic  church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  school 

progress  in  educational  and  all  lines. 


JOHN  H.  UTT.  Among  the  prosperous  and  sub- 
stantial farmers  in  this  vicinity  we  should  surely  place 
the  name  of  the  genial  and  capable  gentleman  that  in- 
troduces this  paragraph,  for  he  deserves  representa- 
tion in  the  history  of  his  county. 

John  H.  Utt  was  born  in  Jersey  county,  Illinois,  in 
1842,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Nancy  (Gardner) 
Utt,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively. 
The  father  was  born  in  1800,  came  as  a  pioneer  to  Illi- 
nois when  there  was  but  one  store  in  Alton.  He  took 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


255 


part  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  and  is  now  dead.  The 
mother  died  in  1861.  Our  subject  remained  with  his 
father  on  the  farm,  gaining  from  the  country  schools 
the  educational  discipline  needed  to  assist  him  in  the 
battles  of  life,  until  he  was  of  age.  Then  he  went  to 
Plumas  county,  California,  and  farmed  for  five  years. 
In  1883,  he  settled  in  Chautauqua  county,  Kansas, 
where  his  home  was  for  sixteen  years.  In  1866  Mr. 
Utt  went  to  Illinois  and  married  Miss  Nancy,  daugh- 
ter of  James  and  Nancy  Armstrong.  Mrs.  Utt  was 
born  in  Illionis,  and  in  1883  was  called  from  her  happy 
home  by  death,  leaving  her  husband  and  four  children 
to  mourn  her  loss.  The  children  are  named  as  fol- 
lows, Rufus.  in  Nez  Perces  county;  Jennie  Both- 
wick,  in  Little  Rock,  Arkansas;  John  E.,  in  Palouse, 
Washington ;  Mony.  Mr.  Utt  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sister,  Henry,  William,  deceased,  Sarah 
J.,  deceased.  Mr.  Utt  is  interested  in  political  mat- 
ters and  is  associated  with  the  Democratic  and  Popu- 
list parties.  His  brother  William  was  a  participant  in 
the  great  struggle  of  the  Civil  war  and  fought  for  his 
country.  Mr.  Utt  is  quite  active  in  advocating  good 
schools  and  general  progress.  He  owns  a  good  farm 
in  Cedar  Vale,  Kansas,  in  adition  to  the  quarter  sec- 
tion where  he  resides,  one  mile  southwest  from  Peck. 
He  took  this  last  land  with  his  government  right  in 
1899.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted  himself  to  its 
improvement  and  is  one  of  the  respected  men  of  the 
vicinity,  being  public  spirited  and  ever  ready  to  aid  his 
fellows  in  the  race  of  life. 


JOHN  \V.  KILLINGER.  The  mining  interests 
of  the  west  have  brought  here  some  of  the  finest  talent 
in  special  lines  to  be  found  and  one  of  the  prominent 
prof essionar gentleman  attracted  hither  is  the  subject 
of  this  humble  review.  He  is  a  graduate  of  some  of 
the  best  schools  on  mining,  assaying,  metallurgy  and 
kindred  subjects  that  are  to  be  found  in  the  United 
States  and  at  the  present  time  he  is  operating  a  labora- 
tory for  assaying  in  Lewiston. 

John  W.  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Pennsylvania,  on 
December  30,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Hon.  John  W. 
Killinger.  The  father  was  for  years  a  state  senator 
from  Lancaster  county  and  then  was  sent  to  Congress 
for  eight  terms.  He  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of 
James  G.  Elaine,  was  one  of  the  committee  who  as- 
sisted to  get  Lincoln  into  Washington  after  his  elec- 
tion, was  all  through  the  trying  times  of  the  war  and 
did  creditable  service  for  his  constituency,  being  a 
man  of  excellent  ability  and  integrity.  He  retired 
from  Congress  in  1888"  and  died  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1896.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio 
and  lived  at  the  old  homestead  in  Lebanon,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  prepared  for  college  at  the  Media  Academy, 
and  was  graduated  from  the  Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology  in  Boston  in  the  class  of  1886,  having 
taken  the  chemical  course.  He  went  into  business  in 
Lebanon  and  in  1891  came  west  to  Portland  and  took 
charge  of  the  metallurgical  and  assaying  departments 


of  the  Fiske  School  of  Mines.  He  arrived  in  Lewis- 
ton  in  September,  1898.  Previous  to  locating  here  he 
had  been  to  the  Columbia  School  of  Mines  in  New 
York  and  taken  a  special  course. 

Mr.  Killinger  married  Miss  Olive  S.,  daughter  of 
John  and  Margaret  Aldridch.  To  this  union  there  has 
been  born  one  child,  John  W.  Mr.  Killinger  is  a 
Mason  and  member  of  the  Knights  Templar.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Episcopalian  church,  of 
which  he  is  trustee.  In  politics,  he  is  allied  with  the 
Republicans  and  is  active. 

Theodore  Hittell,  uncle  of  our  subject,  was  author 
of  the  leading  history  of  California  and  was  state  sen- 
ator there,  being  also  a  leader  in  the  committee  of  re- 
vision of  the  constitution  of  the  state.  He  was  a 
pioneer  of  1849  and  is  regent  of  the  Berkely  Univer- 
sity. John  S.  Hittell,  a  brother,  is  also  a  prominent 


LOUIS  GROSTEIN.  A  well  known  pioneer,  a 
man  of  wide  experience  in  the  mines  of  Idaho  and  in 
frontier  life  in  general,  our  subject  is  now  one  of  the 
business  men  of  Lewiston  and  a  patriotic  and  worthy 
citizen.  He  was  born  in  Buffalo,  New  York,  on  July 
26,  1852,.  being  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Betsy  Grostein. 
The  father  was  born  in  1792,  in  Poland,,  was  with 
Napoleon  in  Russia  and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1838  to  escape  punishment  on  account  of  having  been 
allied  with  Napoleon.  He  settled  in  Albany,  later  was 
a  clothier  in  Buffalo,  and  died  in  Lewiston  in  1886. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Poland  in  1803,  and  died  in 
Lewiston  in  1888.  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  our  subject 
.came  west  with  his  sister,  landing  in  Lewiston  on  May 
12,  1867,  having  come  via  Panama  and  San  Francisco. 
He  was  educated  in  Buffalo  and  Lewiston  and  here 
went  with  his  brother  Robert  to  Clearwater  Station, 
where  he  engaged  in  business  in  1869  and  then  went  to 
Newsome  creek  in  1872.  He  was  in  business  with  his 
brother  Isaac  there ;  then  went  to  Elk  City,  where  he 
entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Bernard  until  1875. 
After  that  we  find  him  operating  a  store  in  Warren 
until  1880,  then  he  came  to  Lewiston.  On  February 
23,  1881,  Mr.  Grostein  married  Miss  Clara  J.,  daugh- 
ter of  William  and  Mary  Writer,  the  father  a  farmer 
and  pioneer  from  Iowa,  his  native  state.  Mrs.  Gros- 
tein was  born  in  Florence  on  August  30,  1863,  being 
the  first  white  child  born  there.  She  has  brothers  and 
sisters  named  as  follows,  Josephine,  Walter,  Carrie, 
Greer  and'  Elbert.  Mr.  Grostein  has  two  brothers  and 
one  sister,  Robert,  Rachel  Bernard,  Isaac.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Grostein  have  been  born  four  children,  as  follows, 
Isaac  C..  twenty  years  of  age  on  September  3,  1902, 
now  in  the  fruit  business  in  Lewiston ;  Eunice,  seven- 
teen, at  home;  Jacob  M.,  thirteen,  at  home;  Mary  B., 
aged  seven.  Mr.  Grostein  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  both  the  blue  lodge  and  the  chapter.  He  is 
a  Democrat  and  active  in  politics,  and  while  he  always 
helps  his  friends  to  be  elected,  he  has  never  sought 
political  preferment  for  himself.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Pioneer  Association  and  is  one  of  the  real  build- 
ers of  the  country.  He  was  in  the  Sheepeater  war  and 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


the  Nez  Perces  war  and  his  wife  was  one  of  the  num- 
ber shut  up  in  the  block  house  on  Slate  creek  while  the 
Indians  had  them  surrounded.  Mr.  Grostein  was  one 
of  sixteen  that  went  out  from  Warren  to  get  Frank 
Smith  on  the  Salmon  and  bring  him  to  Warren. 


RUFUS  H.  BEEMAN.  President  Roosevelt  is 
said  to  admire  men  who  "do  things."  We  feel  sure 
that  had  he  had  the  opportunity  of  knowing  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  he  would,  for  that  reason,  be  well 
impressed  with  him.  A  doughty  pioneer,  an  intrepid 
Indian  fighter,  a  sociable  and  generous  man.  a  pa- 
triotic citizen,  Mr.  Beeman  is  one  among  a  thousand 
and  a  brief  review  of  his  intensely  interesting  career 
will  be  profitable  and  interesting  reading  for  the  his- 
tory of  Nez  Perces  county. 

Rufus  H.  Beeman  was  born  in  McKean,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  August  3,  1832.  His  father  was  a  lumber- 
man and  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  his  family  had 
been  residents  of  New  England  for  many  generations. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  three  years  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Beeman 
she  married  Mr.  Mclntosh,  a  native  of  Scotland. 
Shortly  after  this,  the  family  removed  to  Potosi,  Wis- 
consin, and  there  Mr.  Mclntosh  mined  and  later  dis- 
covered a  very  valuable  lead  mine.  When  twelve, 
Rufus  left  home  and  resided  with  Mr.  Parker,  a  miner, 
where  he  attended  school  a  part  of  each  year  and 
worked  in  the  mines  the  balance  of  the  time  for  six 
years.  In  1852  he  came  to  the  Cascades,  Oregon, 
herded  cattle,  cleared  land  and  boated  on  the  Colum- 
bia. In  1854,  we  see  him  in  Roseburg  and  from  then 
until  1861,  he  had  a  freight  train  from  there  to  Jack- 
sonville, Oregon.  During  the  Rogue  river  Indian 
war  in  1855  and  1856,  he  fought  the  savages  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  battle  of  Hungry  Hill,  said  to  be  the 
bloodiest  battle  ever  fought  on  the  coast.  He  was 
about  to  be  killed,  while  assisting  a  wounded  com- 
rade, but  managed  to  escape  without  a  scratch.  He 
was  in  Company  C,  Ninth  Regiment,  under  Captain 
Rynearson  and  Colonel  John  E.  Ross.  He  came  to 
Walla  Walla  in  1861  and  there  freighted  and  farmed 
until  1872.  In  1874  Mr.  Beeman  removed  to  Genesee 
valley  and  bought  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of 
land.  He  cultivated  it  to  the  cereals  and  while  there 
ran  for  sheriff  and  was  defeated  by  one  vote.  Seven- 
teen years  were  spent  there  and  part  of  that  time 
he  operated  a  general  store,  but  while  trade'  was  good 
his  collections  were  poor  and  therefore  he  was  obliged 
to  withdraw  from  the  field.  He  then  bought  a  half 
section  in  the  Potlach  country  near  Juliaetta  and  about 
a  year  before  the  opening  of  the  reservation,  he  sold 
it  and  bought  cattle.  When  the  reservation  opened 
he  came  hither  and  rented  land  from  the  Indians,  one 
section  in  one  place  and  two  hundred  and  forty  acres 
in  Garden  Gulch.  His  daughter,  Clara  B.,  filed  on  a 
quarter  and  that  with  other  rented  land,  was  culti- 
vated to  oats  and  flax,  having  nearly  five  hundred  acres 
all  told.  Mr.  Beeman  is  one  of  the  largest  farmers  in 
this  portion  of  the  county  and  is  abundantly  prospered. 


On  February  19,  1856,  at  Roseburgh,  Oregon,  Mr. 
Beeman  married  Miss  Caroline,  daughter  of  Levi  and 
Elizabeth  (Ream)  McBee,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Mary- 
land, respectively ;  both  died  while  crossing  the  plains 
in  1852.  Mrs.  Beeman  was  born  in  Missouri,  on  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1842,  was  with  relatives  at  the  Cascades, 
Oregon,  for  a  time  and  then  lived  with  E.  F.  McNall 
at  Roseburg  until  she  was  married.  She  has  one 
brother,  Isaiah,  a  blacksmith  and  farmer,  near  Golden- 
dale,  Washington.  Mr.  Beeman  has  one  sister,  Sarah-, 
wife  of  Abraham  Anderson,  in  Lafayete,  Pennsylva- 
nia.' Mrs.  Beeman  also  has  two  sisters,  Barbara  A., 
wife  of  Edward  Chambreau,  at  Portland;  Rebecca, 
wife  of  Isaac  Knighton,  a  farmer  in  Morrow  county, 
Oregon.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Beeman,  twelve  children 
have  been  born,  named  as  follows :  Henry,  in  Wallowa 
county,  Oregon;  Francis  M.,  a  herder,  in  Okanogan 
county,  Washington;  Frederick  S.,  William  Charles, 
all  stockmen  in  the  same  place ;  Egbert,  at  home ;  Le- 
roy,  also  at  home ;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  Joseph  Henry,  a 
freighter,  near  Milton,  Oregon;  Rosella,  wife  of 
Lewis  Taber,  a  farmer  near  Ellensburg,  Washington ; 
Lura,  wife  of  Jack  Johnson,  a  farmer  in  Okanogan 
county;  Adelia,  at  home;  Anna,  born  August  5,  1864 
and  died  October  16,  1883,  and  was  the  wife  of  Albert 
Pansier,  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  she  left  one  child, 
Iris,  who  died  aged  fourteen ;  Arabelle  A.,  died  June 
22,  1896,  aged  twenty-three  years,  three  months  and 
two  days.  Mr.  Beeman  was  an  active  Democrat  in 
earlier  days,  but  is  not  so  much  so  now.  He  is  a  re- 
spected and  prominent  man  in  this  community. 


THOMAS  H.  BERRY.  Many  strong  hands  and 
willing  minds  came  to  the  opening  of  the  fertile  reser- 
vation country  and  they  have  made  a  .wonderful  and 
commendable  progress  in  transforming  the  entire  face 
of  the  country  from  a  wilderness  to  fertile  farms  and 
pleasant  and  valuable  estates.  Among  this  worthy 
number  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  affable  and 
skillful  agriculturist  whose  name  appears  above.  His 
farm,  one  mile  north  from  Melrose,  was  obtained  by 
government  right  and  he  has  labored  with  assiduity 
and  intelligence  to  make  of  it  a  valuable  rural  abode. 
He  has  good,  comfortable  buildings  and  other  improve- 
ments and  has  demonstrated  himself  an  upright  man, 
a  public  spirited  and  progressive  citizen  and  one  who 
has  won  the  confidence  of  all. 

Thomas  H.  Berry  was  born  in  Gentry  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  March  II,  1860,  being  the  son  of  James  B. 
and  Elenor  (Grantham),  natives  of  Illinois,  mention 
of  whom,  with  their  family,  is  made  in  the  sketch  of 
L.  L.  Berry  in  this  volume.  Our  subject  remained 
with  his  parents,  a  dutiful  and  industrious  son,  until 
the  time  of  his  majority,  and  then  entered  the  realities 
of  life  on  his  own  responsibility.  He  worked  with 
his  father  some  time  after  that  age  and  went  with  him 
to  Dakota  in  1883.  But  Thomas  returned  to  Gentry 
county  and  then  made  his  way  back  to  Dakota,  after 
which  he  journeyed  to  Iowa  and  settled  for  a  time 
near  Marshall  county.  Agaan  he  went  to  Missouri 


RUFUS  H.  BEEMAN. 


CHAS.  A.  LEEPER. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


257 


and  on  February  14,  1888,  he  took  the  trip  to  Latah 
county,  or  rather  completed  the  trip  on  that  date.  He 
farmed  in  the  Cove,  near  Palouse,  for  ten  years  and  on 
May  27,  1898,  he  came  to  the  reservation  and  took 
his  present  estate. 

On  March  20,  1887,  in  Gentry  county,  Missouri, 
Mr.  Berry  married  Miss  Arminda  J.,  daughter  of 
John  and 'Eliza  A.  (Hammonds)  Finders,  natives  of 
Illinois  and  Kentucky,  respectively.  Mrs.  Berry  was 
born  in  Gentry  county,  Missouri,  in  1870,  and  she  has 
three  sisters  and  one  brother.  To  our  subject  and  his 
estimable  wife  there  have  been  born  five  children, 
Gracie  Elenor,  deceased :  Thomas  Frederick,  and  John 
Fay,  Hester  and  Eliza  Fern.  Mrs.  Berry  is  a  member 
of  the  Christian  church.  Mr.  Berry  is  a  Populist  in 
political  matters  and  takes  the  part  of  the  intelligent 
citizen  in  the  affairs  of  the  day. 


CHARLES  A.  LEE  PER.  in  a  number  of  lines 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  achieved  success,  having 
demonstrated  his  ability  as  an  educator,  a  frontiersman, 
and  is  now  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  Nez  Perces 
county ;  it  is  affirmed  that  he  owns  more  cattle  than  any 
other  one  man  in  Nez  Perces  county,  having  now  six 
hundred  on  the  range.  Mr.  Leeper  is  also  a  man  of 
sterling  and  intrinsic  worth,  of  moral  character,  integ- 
rity and  uprightness. 

Charles  A.  Leeper  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Indi- 
ana, on  January  19.  1850,  being  the  son  of  Judge  Will- 
iam and  Obedience  A.  (Parsly)  Leeper.  The  father 
was  a  farmer  and  capitalist,  born  in  1817,  in  Indiana, 
and  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  Civil  war.  He  was  also 
coifnty  judge  in  Nodaway  county,  Missouri.  His 
father,  John  Leeper,  was  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction  and 
belonged  to  a  prominent  old  family  of  Scotland  which 
include  a  number  of  professional  men  of  Edinburg. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1823  and  died  in  1868,  being  of  Scotch  descent.  Our 
subject  remained  at  home  until  he  was  twenty-six  years 
of  age,  having  been  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
the  state  university  at  Columbia.  He  came  west  in 
February,  1876,  to  Salmon  City,  Idaho,  and  taught 
three  terms  of  school  and  also  farmed.  He  was  in 
Custer  county  when  it  was  cut  off  from  Lemhi,  remov- 
ing to  Nez  Perces  county  in  1883,  where  he  bought  a 
man's  right  to  three  hundred  and  twenty  ac- 
res of  land  and  settled  down  to  raising  stock 
and  farming.  He  now  owns  the  princely  do- 
main of  fifteen  hundred  and  eighty-six  acres  of 
fine  farm  land  which  is  'devoted  to  agriculture 
and  feeding  his  fine  bands  of  cattle.  Since  1883  Mr. 
Leeper  has  continued  at  the  business  in  this  county 
and  is  now  one  of  the  prominent  men  and  leaders  in  his 
work 

On  February  12,  1888,  Mr.  Leeper  married  Miss 
Annie  E.  Bellinger,  a  native  of  Sandusky,  Ohio,  being 
born  in  1866.  She  came  to  Lewiston  to  visit  her  uncle, 
S.  Wildenthaler,  and  the  acquaintance  was  formed 
which  later  ripened  into  courtship  and  at  the  date  men- 
tioned Mr.  Leeper  went  to  Ohio  to  claim  his  bride.  Mrs. 


Leeper  has  three  sisters,  Josephine  Weible,  Sophia  and 
Rosa.  Mr.  Leeper  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters :  William,  George,  Ollie  Falconer ;  also  four 
half  brothers,  Frank,  Fred,  Robert  and  Lawrence.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leeper  have  been  born  five  children, 
Maude,  Annie,  Alice,  Louise  and  Helen.  He  is  a  char- 
ter member  of  the  K.  of  P.  in  Lewiston,  and  has  passed 
the  commandery  degree  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  Mrs. 
Leeper  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Leeper 
is  an  active  Democrat,  was  nominated  for  the  legisla- 
ture and  was  beaten  by  three  votes.  Was  nominated 
again  and  won  the  day,  but  in  Latah  county  the  courts 
decided  against  him  in  the  contest  that  followed.  He 
has  been  chosen  as  county  commissioner  for  three  terms 
and  is  now  chairman  of  that  important  body,  and  in  all 
of  his  public  service  he  has  been  characterized  by  effi- 
ciency and  candor,  always  conserving  the  interests  of 
his  constituency  and  the  welfare  of  the  commonwealth. 
It  is  of  note  that  Mr.  Leeper's  ancestors  fought  in 
the  Revolution  and  he  had  an  uncle  on  his  father's  side 
who  fought  with  the  south  and  three  maternal  uncles 
who  fought  with  the  North.  He  was  a  scout  in  the 
time  of  the  Indian  trouble  in  1878  and  had  much  ex- 
perience in  repelling  the  savages  in  Lemhi  county.  Mr. 
Leeper  is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer  Association,  and  is 
a  man  respected  by  all. 


JOHN  B.  MORRIS,  M.  D.  For  more  than  twen- 
ty-five years  this  worthy  and  capable  gentleman,  whose 
record  in  the  state  of  Idaho  is  set  with  many  gems  of 
courage,  ability  and  genuine  kindliness  for  his  fellows, 
has  labored  in  the  medical  profession  with  display  of 
genius,  adaptability  and  uprightness  that  have  placed 
him  in  the  lead  as  a  pioneer,  as  a  professional  man  of 
high  repute  and  a  stanch  and  true  man  of  many  virtues. 

Dr.  Morris  was  born  in  Knoxville,  Ray  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  October  i,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Benjamin 
and  Amanda  (Hamilton)  Morris,  natives  of  Virginia. 
The  father  died  in  Missouri,  in  June,  1851.  The  mother 
was  born  October  5,  1812,  and  died  October  30,  1889. 
Our  subject  remained  with  his  mother  until  he  had 
reached  his  majority.  In  the  meantime,  he  had  gained 
a  good  education  from  the  public  schools  and  the 
academy.  He  assisted  his  older  brothers  to  care  for  the 
family  and  also  taught  school  for  means  to  educate 
himself.  It  was  in  1872  that  he  matriculated  at  the 
St.  Louis  Medical  College  and  thence  he  graduated  in 
1874.  He  had  the  distinction  of  paying  the  entire  cost 
of  his  education  from  his  own  earnings.  After  graduat- 
ing he  determined  to  try  the  west,  and  accordingly  came 
to  Mount  Idaho  in  1875,  where  he  settled  to  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  gaining  good  success  from  the 
start.  When  the  terrible  Indian  war  broke  out  in  1877 
Dr.  Morris  chanced  to  be  in  Portland  and  he  at  once 
turned  his  face  to  the  scene  of  trouble  in  the  vicinity 
of  Mount  Idaho.  He  was  the  first  and  only  physician 
that  came  to  the  rescue  of  the  poor  wounded  soldiers 
who  had  participated  in  the  battle  where,  thirty  had 
been  killed.  To  get  to  these  unfortunate  men,  Dr.  Mor- 
ris had  to  cross  the  reservation  of  a  hostile  tribe  and 


258 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  reality  took  his  life  in  his  hands  to  assist  his  fellows, 
and  be  it  ever  said  to  his  credit  that  he  made 
his  way  through,  using  a  gun  that  General  Howard 
had  loaned  him;  he  cared  for  the  suffering  men,  he 
nursed  and  doctored  them  back  to  life,  and  to  his  skill, 
his  bravery,  and  his  love  for  his  fellows  many  a  one 
owes  his  life.  It  is  with  a  feeling  of  regret,  however, 
that  we  are  forced  to  chronicle  that  there  was  not  an- 
other physician  who  would  go  with  Dr.  Morris.  Fol- 
lowing the  war,  which  closed  in  1878,  Dr.  Morris  set- 
tled in  Lewiston  and  there  continued  his  practice  even 
until  the  present  time,  having  great  success  and  being 
highly  esteemed  by  his  fellows  wherever  he  is  known. 
He  has  a  large  and  lucrative  practice  and  no  man  is 
really  honored  by  his  fellows  more  than  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  who'risked  his  own  life  to  assist  others. 

The  marriage  of  Dr.  Morris  and  Miss  Laura,  daugh- 
ter of  T.  S.  and  Elizabeth  (Hutchingson)  Billings, 
was  solemnized  on  September  24,  1879,  and  two  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them,  Cora  E.,  graduated  from 
the  Lewiston  high  school  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  in 
June,  1902 ;  Benjamin  Ray,  attending  school.  Mr.  Bill- 
ings is  a  native  of  New  York  and  is  now  a  harness 
dealer  in  Lewiston.  His  wife  is  a  native  of  Canada, 
where  also  Mrs.  Morris  was  born  on  March  II,  1859, 
in  Toronto.  She  is  an  only  child  and  came  in  an  early 
day  to  California  with  her  parents.  Dr.  Morris  has 
the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters :  Levi,  James 
W.,  Mrs.  John  Prichard,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Warder,  Mrs.  M. 
M.  Sherlock,  Benjamin  F.  and  Hamilton.  Dr.  Morris 
is  a  thirty-two  degree  Mason.  His  wife  is  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  chuch.  The  Doctor  is  very  popular 
in  political  matters  and  for  four  years  he  served  the 
county  as  treasurer,  being  elected  first  in  1894,  on  the 
Democratic  ticket.  He  has  been  alderman  and  school 
director  for  a  number  of  terms.  The  Doctor  is  pros- 
perous, having  considerable  property  in  Lewiston,  and 
is  president  of  the  Lewis  Mercantile  Company,  a  whole- 
sale grocery  house  of  that  city,  which  is  doing  a  good 


HANK  TRIMBLE.  A  veritable  pioneer  from 
the  time  that  he  doffed  swaddling  clothes  to  stretch  his 
first  suspenders,  and  made  of  the  stuff  that  wins  in  the 
frontier  fight,  while  he  has  also  ever  maintained  a  high 
sense  of  honor,  and  being  a  man  of  consummate  energy 
and  execution,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  accorded  a 
prominent  place  among  the  worthy  men  who  opened 
this  country,  and  he  is  certainly  deserving  of  the  same. 

Mr.  Trimble  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1844,  May  26, 
being  the  son  of  Edward  and  Abarilla  (Ross)  Trimble. 
The  father  was  born  in  1816  and  was  killed  by  the  In- 
dians on  the  Platte  river  in  1846,  when  he  was  com- 
ing to  the  Willamette  valley.  The  mother  was  born  in 
1819,  and  died  in  1896.  The  family  started  for  the 
west  in  1846  and  as  the  stock  strayed  on  one  night 
when  they  camped  on  the  Platte,  Mr.  Trimble  went  to 
search  for  them  and  was  killed  by  Pawnee  Indians,  who 
cast  his  body  in  the  river.  The  heartbroken  widow 
came  on  through  and  at  The  Dalles  secured  the  ser- 
vices of  some  parties  who  assisted  her  to  Oregon  City. 


Two  years  later  they  went  to  Salem  and  here  our  sub- 
ject attended  school  some,  but  the  mother,  having  mar- 
ried a  man  named  Powell,  and  he  not  being  congenial 
to  Hank,  the  latter  struck  out  for  himself  at  the  age  of 
nine.  He  stayed  with  his  uncle,  Jonathan  Bratton,  then 
went  with  Dr.  S.  A.  Smith  for  a  year,  attending  school, 
after  which,  being  eleven,  he  went  with  a  pack  train. 
This  was  in  1855,  and  the  train  was  attacked  by  In- 
dians and  captured,  several  of  the  packers  be- 
ing killed,  but  our  subject  escaped  by  an  accider 
He  returned  to  the  Willamette  valley  and  in  1859 
and  1860  attended  school  at  Peoria,  Linn  county, 
Oregon.  It  was  as  early  as  1861  that  he  came  to  Le' 
ton,  or  where  Lewiston  now  stands,  and  had  to 
for  four  days  to  get  across  on  the  ferry,  the  rush  being 
so  great.  He  went  to  Oro  Fino  and  worked  in  the 
mines  and  has  been  there  off  and  on  since  that  time. 
He  mined  and  packed  until  1865,  then  went  to  Boise 
and  mined  and  then  followed  the  same  business,in  Mon- 
tana, on  Elk  creek,  and  there,  in  the  summer  of  1868, 
he  took  out  one  hundred  and  forty-four  thousand  dol- 
lars from  the  ground.  He  went  to  Walla  Walla  and 
then  came  to  Lewiston  and  mined  and  kept  a  saloon 
until  1880,  having  a  hydraulic  on  the  Clearwater  and 
at  Warren.  In  1880  he  bought  land  and  took  tw 
quarters  and  went  to  farming  and  raising  stock.  He 
has  made  a  great  success  of  it,  handling  more  stock  than 
any  one  man  in  this  country.  Last  winter  he  fed  one 
thousand.  He  has  just  sold  about  two  thousand  acres 
of  land  and  now  has  plenty  of  .land  left.  He  also  has 
fine  cattle  and  property  in  Lewiston. 

At  Helena,  Montana,  in  1869,  Mr.  Trimble  married 
Anna  (Dunlop")  Myer,  whose  father  was  a  pioneer  of 
the  Pacific  coast.  Mr.  Trimble  has  brothers  and  sisters 
as  follows :  Martha  J.  St.  George,  living  at  Pomeroy, 
Washington,  the  town  being  named  from  her  first  hus- 
band, J.  M.  Pomeroy,  who  died  there:  Mary  Ellen 
Adams,  in  San  Diego,  California ;  Frank  and  Horace, 
deceased.  Mr.  Trimble  is  a  Democrat  and  active  ' 
politics.  He  has  the  best  fitted  stock  farm  in  the  coun- 
try and  his  wisdom  and  skill  have  been  manifested  in  the 
brilliant  success  that  he  has  achieved.  He  is  a  mem 
of  the  Pioneer  Association.  It  is  of  note  by  way  of 
reminiscence  that  Mr.  Trimble  had  twelve  uncles  and 
cousins  murdered  in  the  Mountain  Meadow  massacre 
and  in  the  Salmon  Falls  massacre  by  the  savages. 


LOWRY  L.  BERRY  is  one  of  the  younger  men  of 
enterprise  who  have  assisted  materially  to  open  the  res- 
ervation country  to  be  a  fertile  and  valuable  farming 
vicinity.  He  is  a  man  of  good  ability  and  handles  his 
business  affairs  with  commendable  zeal  and  thorough- 
ness which  have  given  him  the  desirable  meed  of  pros- 
perity and  good  success.  He  has  a  fine  piece  of  land  of 
eighty  acres,  which  is  improved  in  excellent  shape. 
At  the  present  time  Mr.  Berry  is  erecting  a  commodious 
residence  for  his  family,  while  good  outbuildings, 
orchard,  and  so  forth,  embellish  the  farm. 

Lowry  L.  Berry  was  born  in  Gentry  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  April  25",  1871,  being  the  son  of  James  B. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


259 


and  Elenor  (Grantham)  Berry,  natives  of  Illinois,  born 
in  1825  and  1827,  respectively.  The  father  wa: 
farmer  and  merchant  and  died  on  July  9,  1893.  He  ^ 
a  volunteer  in  the  Civil  war,  where  he  gave  faithful 
service  for  his  country.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Missouri 
and  Dakota,  and  his  father  was  also  a  pioneer  to  Mis- 
souri. The  mother  of  our  subject  lives  with  him  and 
has  done  so  since  the  death  of  her  husband.  In  1883 
the  family  went  from  Missouri  to  South  Dakota,  settling 
in  Potter  county,  where  the  father  and  elder  sons  took 
land.  Four  years  were  spent  there  and  then  they  all 
sold  out  and  came  to  Latah  county.  There  they  re- 
mained until  the  death  of  the  father  in  1893,  when  our 
subject  took  charge  of  the  farm  estate  and  since  that 
time  has  continued  thus.  Lowry  received  his  education 
in  the  various  places  where  the  family  lived  and  was 
trained  by  a  skillful  and  progressive  father.  When  the 
reservation  opened  he  came  and  secured  his  present 

On  December  9.  1897,  in  Latah  county,  Dr.  Berry 
married  Miss  Florence,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Lo- 
raine  (Camp)  Williams,  natives  of  Kansas.  Mrs. 
Berry  was  also  born  in  Kansas,  the  date  being  1873. 
She  has  four  brothers  and  one  sister.  Mr.  Berry  has 
the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  William 
H.,  Mary  J.  Craig,  James  D.,  Jacob  N.,  Thomas  H. 
and  George  R.  Elsie  M.,  Evelyn  E.,  Chrissie  E.  and 
a  child  as  yet  unnamed  have  been  born  to  bless  the 
household  of  our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife.  Mrs. 
Berry  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Politic- 
ally, Mr.  Berry  is  affiliated  with  the  Populist  party, 
and  is  always  found  on  the  side  of  progression  and 
is  especially  interested  in  good  schools. 


WYLEY  T.  JOHNSON.  The  southeast  fourth 
of  section  twenty-four,  township  thirty-four,  range 
one  east  of  the  Boise  meridian  belongs  to  Wyley  John- 
son. It  bears  the  marks  of  being  one  of  the  best 
tilled  and  kept  farms  in  the  vicinity.  Mr.  Johnson 
has  a  seven-room  residence,  with  water  piped  in,  and 
all  of  the  modern  conveniences  and  this  is  but  a  sample 
of  his  farm  improvements  and  achievements.  He 
borrowed  money  in  the  east  to  make  his  way  west  and 
has  wrought  with  industry  and  sagacity  until  he  is 
now  one  of  the  most  prosperous  men  of  the  reserva- 
tion country.  Mr.  Johnson  has  cattle  and  hogs  to  con- 
sume the  abundant  harvests  of  his  fertile  farm  and 
he  is  as  successful  in  raising  stock  as  in  his  farming. 

Wyley  Johnson  was  born  in  Montgomery  county, 
Tennessee,  on  March  TO.  1860,  being  the  son  of  Len 
H.  and  Martha  (Turner)  Johnson,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee. The  maternal  grandfather,  Wyley  Turner, 
served  in.  the  war  of  1812.  The  father  of  our  subject 
died  in  1871  and  the  mother  removed  her  family  to 
Humphreys  county.  Tennessee,  in  1876.  In  1884 'Mr. 
Johnson  came  to  Albion,  Cassia  county,  Idaho,  and 
there  .wrought  on  a  stock  farm.  The  next  winter  he 
went  to  San  Francisco  with  a  train  of  stock  for  Samuel 
Guinn.  He  remained  a  time  in  California  and  in  1891 
came  to  the  Palouse  country,  then  went  to  Cassia  coun- 


ty again,  whence  he  again  went  to  California.  Soon 
we  see  him  in  Pullman  and  when  the  reservation 
opened  he  was  among  the  enterprising  ones  who  came 
and  selected  fine  farms. 

On  July  27,  1898,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss  Flor- 
ence, daughter  of  Milo  H.  and  Lucy  A.  Adams,  of  the 
vicinity  of  Nezperce.  They  had  one  child,  Milton  A., 
born  August  27,  1901.  Mrs.  Johnson  taught  school 
three  terms  in  Bingham  county.  Idaho,  and  also  taught 
the  first  school  in  Fletcher.  She  was  also  saleslady  in 
J.  T.  Orbison's  store  in  Nezperce  for  a  year.  They 
are  highly  respected  people  and  hold  a  leading  place 
in  the  society  of  the  community. 


DR.  JOHN  H.  LEWIS.  Nezperce  is  to  be  con- 
gratulated in  securing  as  a  permanent  resident  the 
subject  of  this  article,  who  has  shown  himself  in  his 
large  and  ever  increasing  practice  in  dentistry  to  be  a 
master  in  his  profession,  a  noble  and  upright  man, 
and  a  keen  and  discriminating  student  of  deep  erudi- 
tion, not  only  in  the  technical  departments  of  dentistry 
but  in  general  information. 

John   H.   Lewis   was  born   in   Blackhawk   county, 
Iowa,  on  February  n,  1875,  being  the  son  of  Ezra  J. 
and  Anna  M.   (Harris)  Lewis.     The  father  was  born 
in  Harnsburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Carroll  county,  Illinois,  where  he  was  married, 
his  wife  being  a  native  of  that  county.    Later  they  re- 
moved to  the  birthplace  of  our  subject  and  in   1885 
they  came  to  Cheyenne  county,  Nebraska,  whence,  in 
1889,  they  journeyed  to  Marion  county,  Oregon.     Dr. 
Lewis  attended  public  school  in  the  east  and  the  high 
school  at  Newport,  Oregon,  gaining  the  money  for  his 
expenses  in  the  latter  by  teaching  school.     We  may 
also  remark  that  Dr.  Lewis  is  a  self-made  man  in  every 
respect,   for  his  own   efforts   have  contributed   solely 
to  the  fund  that  gave  him  his  training  in  his  profes'- 
sion.     He  possessed   the   requisite   courage,   ambition 
and   tenacity   of   purpose   to   accomplish   this   worthy 
achievement  and  it  is  greatly  to  his  credit  in  his  life 
that  he  has  so  done,  for  it  has  given  him  an  independ- 
:e,  a  self  reliance  and  freedom  of  thought  that  have 
itributed  much  to  his  excellent  success  in  profes- 
nal  life.     Succeeding  the  high   school  course,   Dr. 
Lewis  studied  at  the  University  of  Oregon  in  Eugene, 
then  took  a  dental  course  at  Albany.    During  the  latter 
t  of  this  extended  study  he  spent  one  and  one-half 
.rs  in  Lewiston  in  the  prosecution  of  his  profession 
with  Dr.  W.  F.  Galbraith.     In  November,   1899,  the 
Doctor  located  permanently  in  Nezperce  and  has  from 
the  first  done  a  good  business  and  at  this  time  he  is 
irmly    established   in    the    confidence   and    esteem    of 
:he  entire  populace.    He  took  an  extended  post  gradu- 
ite  course  in  prosthetic  dentistry  in  Portland,  in  1900, 
ind  now  he  is  in  charge  of  one  of  the  finest  dental 
parlors    in    the    state.      The    Doctor    owns    the    office 
building  where  he  operates  and  also  is  contemplating 
the  near  future  to  erect  a  beautiful  residence  on  the 
;  which  he  also  owns. 
On  July  15,  1901,  the  Doctor  had  the  happy  privi-' 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


lege  of  taking  to  himself  a  wife,  the  charming  lady 
being  Miss  Dora  B.  Laird,  a  native  of  Lane  county, 
Oregon.  He  and  his  wife  are  devout  members  of  the 
Church  of  Christ  and  he  is  an  acting  elder  in  this  con- 
regation at  Nezperce.  Dr.  Lewis  is  a  member  of  the 


gregation  at  Nezperce.    Dr. 
W.  W.  and  the  M.  W.  A. 


CHARLES  A.  BACON.  About  one  mile  northeast 
from  Melrose  is  situated  the  estate  of  the  representa- 
tive agriculturist  and  esteemed  citizen  and  well  known 
gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph.  From 
the  raw  state  of  nature  Air.  Bacon  took  this  land  and 
has  made  it  a  fine  producing  farm  with  all  the  neces- 
sary improvements,  as  comfortable  house,  good  barns, 
fences,  and  so  forth.  The  farm  contains  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  good  land  and  produces  the  cereals. 

Charles  A.  Bacon  was  born  in  Newaygo  county, 
Michigan,  on  December  26,  1857,  being  the  son  of 
Erastus  and  Lucy  A.  (Done)  Bacon,  natives  of  New 
York.  The  father  was  born  in  1821  and  was  a  pioneer 
to  Michigan,  as  his  father  was  also.  Our  subject 
worked  with  his  father  on  the  old  farm  and  gained 
the  educational  training  to  be  had  from  the  schools 
during  the  winters.  He  continued  in  activity  on  the 
homestead  until  thirty  years  of  age,  and  in  1890  sold 
out  and  came  to  Port  Angeles,  Washington,  where 
he  labored  for  five  years.  At  the  opening  of  the  reser- 
vation he  made  his  way  thither  and  secured  the  land 
where  is  now  situated  the  family  home.  Since  that 
time  he  has  given  his  attention  assiduously  to  its  im- 
provement and  cultivation.  He  has  been  blessed  with 
success  and  is  deserving  of  the  same.  And  while  he 
has  industriously  handled  the  duties  of  life  as  they 
came,  he  has  also  worked  for  the  advancement  of  the 
interests  of  the  county  and  has  always  allied  himself 
on  the  side  of  good  schools  and  good  government.  He 
is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  sustains  the  principles  of 
Jefferson. 

On  September  5,  1886,  in  Michigan,  Mr.  Bacon 
married  Miss  Roena  L.,  daughter  of  Enoch  and  Han- 
nah J.  (Kimbell)  Doty,  natives  respectively  of  Michi- 
gan and  New  York.  The  father,  a  pioneer  of  Michi- 
gan, was  a  soldier  in  the  Eighth  Michigan  Infantry, 
and  died  from  the  effects  of  a  wound  in  1873.  The 
mother's  birth  was  in  1843.  Mrs-  Bacon  was  born  in 
Michigan  in  1867.  She  has  one  sister,  Achsah  Platt, 
in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr.  Bacon's  brothers  and 
sisters  are  all  dead.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bacon  there 
have  been  born  the  following  named  children :  Charles 
E.,  Ery  L.,  Frank  A.,  Harry  D.,  Lucy  J. 


DAVID  W.  POTTER.  Although  this  gentleman 
has  not  been  in  Nez  Perces  county  many  years,  he  has 
nevertheless,  been  in  the  vicinity  and  has  done  good 
work  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  country  and  deserves 
space  in  the  history  of  the  county,  being  a  good  busi- 
ness man,  upright,  and  of  sound  principles.  He  was 
born  in  Weyauwega,  Wisconsin,  on  August  17,  1851, 


being  the  son  of  Wilber  and  Maria  Potter,  natives  of 
New  York,  born  respectively  in  1810,  and  on  August 
17,  1832.  The  father  died  in  1900,  and  the  mother  still 
lives  in  Minnesota.  Our  subject  worked  on  a  farm  and 
received  his  education  from  the  common  schools  of 
his  vicinity.  At  the  age  of  twenty  five,  he  left  the  pa- 
rental roof  and  settled  on  a  ranch  that  he  had  taken 
near  the  home  place.  For  riine  years  he  was  occupied 
there  and  then  went  to  Fergus  Falls,  Minnesota,  and 
there  engaged  in  the  dray  business.  In  1885  he  sold 
out  and  came  to  Peola,  in  the  Blue  Mountains.  He 
worked  at  milling  and  took  up  a  timber  claim  in  Aso- 
tin  county  and  farmed  for  seven  years  and  then  re- 
moved to  Colton,  Whitman  county,  where 
in  livery  and  draying.  He  was  deputy  sheriff  of 
county  for  a  term  and  constable  and  marshal  of  Col- 
ton  for  five  years.  In  the  spring  of  1902,  he  came  to 
Lewiston  and  opened  a  livery  stable,  which  he  is  car- 
rying on  in  a  creditable  manner.  He  still  owns  a  fine 
farm  near  Colton,  and  also  property  in  town. 

On  December  25,  1877,  Mr.  Potter  married  Miss 
Gertie,  daughter  of  Charles  White,  a  native  of  Michi- 
gan, now  living  in  Peola.  Mrs.  Potter  was  born  in 
Plainville,  Minnesota,  on  August  18,  1858,  and  has- 
one  brother,  Albert,  now  deceased.  Mr.  Potter  has 
brothers  and  sisters,  as  follows,  Charles,  in  Dakota; 
Delbert,  in  Minnesota ;  Allen,  deceased ;  Harriett,  wife 
of  T.  Watson,  in  Los  Angeles,  California;  Alice,  de- 
ceased ;  Stella,  wife  of  Charles  Works,  in  Minnesota. 
Mr.  Potter  has  also  the  following  half  brothers  and 
sisters,  Albert,  who  has  been  assistant  secretary  of 
state  of  Wisconsin;  Peter,  at  Black  River  Falls,  Wis- 
consin ;  William,  now  in  Montana,  having  been  wound- 
ed in  the  Civil  war ;  Jasper,  wounded  in  Civil  war  and 
now  a  cripple  on  account  of  it;  Horace,  in  the  Civil 
war,  now  in  Minnesota ;  Julia  Hall,  in  Sparta,  Wiscon- 
sin; Mary,  wife  of  Thomas  Hogue,  in  Sparta,  Wis- 
consin ;  Matilda,  at  Black  River  Falls,  Wisconsin.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Potter  there  have  been  born  three  chil- 
dren, Ernest,  a  soldier  in  the  Philippine  war ;  Harry 
and  Ray,  at  home.  Mr.  Potter  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  P.,  at  Colton,  Washington.  He  is  a  Republican  and 
active  in  the  political  realm. 


ALEXANDER  H.  VAVER  is  a  capable  and  ex- 
perienced man  in  the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  tim- 
ber products  and  at  the  present  time  is  in  charge  of 
a  fine  saw-mill  plant  at  Melrose,  of  which  he  is  part 
owner.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  plants  in  the  county 
and  is  doing  a  good  business  in  the  development  of 
the  country. 

Alexander  H.  Vaver  was  born  in  Chippewa  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  January  5,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Alex- 
ander and  Betsy  (Dixson)  Vaver,  natives  of  Canada 
and  born  in  1828  and  1842,  respectively.  The  father 
died  in  1900,  having  been  a  pioneer  in  Wisconsin  be- 
fore the  day  of  railroads  there  and  a  successful  operator 
of  saw-mil'ls.  The  mother  died  in  1900;  her  father 
was  a  trader  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  and  pio- 
neered all  through  the  west  and  northwest.  He  was  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Scotch  lineage.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Wis- 
consin and  learned  from  the  beginning  the  saw-mill 
business  and  the  handling  of  timber  and  its  'products. 
There  he  wrought  in  this  field  until  1897,  when  he  re- 
paired to  Minnesota,  settling  at  Crookston  for  two 
years.  Next  we  find  him  in  Great  Falls,  Montana, 
with  the  Butte  Commercial  Company.  A  year  later 
he  returned  to  Wisconsin  and  then  again  came  west, 
settling  in  Lewiston.  He  operated  for  the  Small  & 
Emory  Saw-mill  Company  for  two  years  and  the  M.  A. 
Snyder  Company  was  formed,  of  which  Mr.  Vaver 

t  is  one  of  the  members.  The  mill  was  put  up  at  Mel- 
rose  and  Mr.  Vaver  has  been  handling  it  since. 

In  Wisconsin,  in  the  year  1892,  Mr.  Vaver  married 

:  Miss  Louise  Winsenson,  whose  parents  were  natives 
of  Denmark.  She  was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1874  and 

|  has  two  sisters,  Stina  Flanders,  in  Wisconsin;  Anna 
Lock,  in  Oregon.  Mr.  Winsenson  was  a  soldier  in 
Denmark  and  also  served  three  years  to  defend  the 
flag  in  the  Civil  war  and  received  a  pension  for  his 
valiant  service.  Mr.  Vaver  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters :  William,  John,  Frank  and  Henry,  Clara, 
Emily  Coleman  and  Florence.  One  child  has  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vaver,  James.  Mr.  Vaver  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Encampment  and  also 

i  of  the  M.  W.  A.  He  is  a  Republican  and  an  active 
worker  for  those  principles.  Mrs.  Vaver  is  a  member 
of  the  Lutheran  church  and  her  husband  of  the  Meth- 
odist. 


BENJAMIN  F.  BASHOR.  The  affable  and  gen- 
ial subject  of  this  article,  who  has  labored  so  faith- 
fully in  this  county,  is  granted  with  pleasure  a  rep- 
resentation in  this  volume  of  the  history  of  Nez  Perces, 
:  since  he  is  one  of  the  popular  and  prominent  men  in 
its  precincts  and  since  also  he  is  a  man  of  good  princi- 
ples and  integrity. 

Mr.  Bashor  was  born  in  Las  Animas  county,  Colo- 
rado, on  April  3,  1873,  being  the  son  of  Michael  M. 
and  Susan  (Garst)  Bashor,  the  father  a  German 
Baptist  minister,  born  in  Virginia  in  1830,  and  his  par- 
ents born  in  Pennsylvania.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  also  born  in  Virginia  in  1832,  her  father  be- 
ing born  in  Germany  and  coming  to  America  when  a 
boy  and  her  mother'  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  an 
immigrant  to  Virginia  when  young.  Our  subject's 
parents  were  married  in  Tennessee,  December  n, 
1850,  and  in  1872  came  to  Colorado  and  the  father 
preached  in  Trinidad.  When  Benjamin  was  six  years 
old  the  family  came  to  Marion  county,  Oregon.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  that  and  Linn 
county  at  the  Mineral  Springs  Seminary  and  then 
finished  at  the  Willamette  University  in  Salem  in  1894. 
He  taught  two  years  and  then  came  to  Nez  Perces 
county  in  1896,  taking  a  homestead  in  July  of  that 
year. '  He  was  postmaster  at  Steele.  taught  school, 
farmed,  and  acted  as  justice  of  the  peace.  In  1900 
the  Republicans  nominated  him  for  county  assessor, 
and  the  people  promptly  elected  him  and  in  that  ca- 
pacity he  is  serving  now. 

October  16,  1898,  Mr.  Bashor  married  Miss  Emma 


C,  daughter  of  William  C.  and  Rebecca  Waide,  and 
to  them  has  been  born  one  child,  Vernon  B.,  two  years 
old.  Mr.  \Vaide  is  a  farmer  and  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1845,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war  and  now  draws  a 
pension.  The  mother  is  a  native  of  the  Buckeye  State, 
born  1844.  Besides  Mrs.  Bashor,  they  have 'children 
as  follows :  Martha  Pope,  Dora  B.  Day,  John  F., 
Nelson  W.,  Charles  W.,  Ida  Hackett  and  Alice.  .Mr. 
Bashor  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters : 
Mary  Bryant,  Frederick  F.,  George  W.,  Adam  A., 
Henry  W.,  Noah  N.,  Amanda  C.,  Sarah  M.  Mousey, 
Jacob. F.,  Levi  M.,  Nancy  Z.  Rinehart,  Anna  Bashor, 
Suda  E.  Bashor.  Our  subject  and  his  worthy  wife 
are  members  of  the  Baptist  church  and  devout  sup- 
porters of  the  faith.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics  and 
active  in  that  realm.  Mr.  Bashor  has  a  good  farm  of 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  near  Steele.  His  grand- 
father Bashor  lived  to  be  ninety-eight  years  of  age  and 
his  grandmother  was  eighty-eight  at  her  death  ;  his  ma- 
ternal grandparents  were  also  of  good  age. when  they 
died.  Mr.  Bashor  is  a  man  whose  kindness  and  genial- 
ity have  won  him  many  friends,  is  a  worthy  citizen 
and  has  the  confidence  of  all. 


EZRA  BAIRD.  A  typical  pioneer,  a  staunch  man, 
a  patriotic  citizen,  and  as'wise  and  fearless  a  frontiers- 
man, as  entered  these  wild  regions  years  since,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  is  rightly  placed  with  the  leading 
and  prominent  men  of  this  part  of  the  state.  He  was 
born  in  Schoharie  county,  New  York,  on  May  11.  1839, 
being  the  son  of  Joseph'and  Sallie  A.  (Giffo'rd)  Baird, 
the  father  being  a  milling  man,  died  in  1864,  while  the 
mother  was  born  in  Gilbosh,  New  York,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  seventy-five,  in  1891.  In  1849,  tne  family 
removed  to  Broome  county,  New  York,  where  our  sub- 
ject was  educated.  On  'April  i,  1861,  he  left  New 
York  City  for  San  Francisco,  arriving  there  on  the 
twenty-fourth  of  the  same  month.  The  news  of  the 
outbreak  of  the  Civil  war  had  preceded  him  by  pony 
express.  He  labored  in  a  bakery  for  one  year  and  on 
April  i,  1862,  started  for  Lewiston,  which  he  reached 
on  June  15,  1862.  He  with  four  companions  bought 
a  boat  at  The  Dalles  and  sailed  to  Lewiston,  fishing 
and  hunting  enroute.  He  was  soon  on  the  road  to  Elk- 
City,  but  stopped  at  Newsome,  twenty  miles  this  side 
and  mined  there,  also  operating  a  hotel  for  four  years. 
In  1871  he  bought  the  express  business  from  Lewiston 
to  Elk  City,  and  the  next  year  put  on  a  stage  to  Florence 
and  Warren.  In  1874  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  old 
Nez  Perces  county  and  served  for  three  consecutive 
terms  and  in  i882'was  re-elected.  In  1885  Mr.  Baird 
sold  horses  in  Montana  and  went  to  Washington.  D.  C., 
to  see  Cleveland  inaugurated  and  visited  his  old  home. 
In  1886  he  sold  more  horses  in  Montana,  then  made 
another  trip  to  Washington  and  secured  the  position 
of  United  States  marshal  for  Idaho.  He  served  two 
years  and  nine  months  and  then  gave  place  to  Dubois, 
letting  the  latter  have  the  one  year  and  three  months 
and  in  Cleveland's  time  this  same  man  turned  against 
our  subject.  In  1889  Mr.  Baird  bought  a  hotel  on 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


St.  Reiges  river  in  anticipation  of  the  railroad.  In  1893 
he  again  took  the  Elk  City  stage  and  in  1894  he  went 
into  mining,  haying  now  large  interests  in  Buffalo 
Hump,  Thunder  Mountain,  and  other  places,  while 
he  has  also  bought  and  sold  many  farms. 

In  September,  1872,  at  Mount  Idaho,  Mr.  Baird 
married  Miss  Alice,  daughter  of  James  and  Katherine 
(Crusinj  Oclle,  pioneers  of  the  west.  To  this  happy- 
union  there  have  been  born  the  following  children: 
Edna,  at  home  in  Lewiston;  Lewis,  at  home  assisting 
father.  Mrs.  Baird  was  born  in  Rosenburg,  Oregon, 
and  has  two  sisters  and  one  brother,  Mrs.  John  Rice, 
Emma  Rice,  and  George.  Mr.  Baird  has  two  brothers 
and  two  sisters ;  Lewis,  William,  Sarah  Langdon,  and 
May  A  very.  Mr.  Baird  has  taken  thirty-two  degrees 
in  the  Masonic  order  and  was  a  charter  member  of  the 
Mt.  Idaho  lodge.  He  is  an  active  worker  in  the  realm 
of  politics  and  is  allied  with  the  Democratic  party, 
being  deeply  interested  in  its  success.  He  attends  the 
county  conventions  and  is  always  alert  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  Jeffersonian  purinciples.  Mr.  Baird  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Pioneer  Association,  being  one  of  the 
real  builders  of  the  Nez  Perces  country. 


HOX.  GEORGE  A.  MANNING.  James  Man- 
ning was  of  English  descent,  his  ancestors  coming  to 
the  colonies  in  1646,  and  he  served  in  the  Revolution 
as  colonel  and  sustained  a  wound  at  Valley  Forge.  His 
son,  James,  was  born  in  Maine,  then  a  part  of  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1795,  and  married  Jane  Bowness,  who  was 
born  in  county  Kent,  in  England,  in  1805  and  died  in 
Maine,  in  1884.  Her  father,  Isaac  Bowness,  came  to 
America  in  1818  and  was  superintendent  of  public 
works  in  New  Brunswick,  receiving  a  large  grant  of 
land  which  is  still  in  the  family.  To  James  and  Jane 
Manning  were  born  our  subject  on  November  21,  1836, 
in  Oldtown,  Penobscot  county,  Maine;  Cyrus  M.,  who 
came  to  the  vicinity  of  Lewiston,  in  1862,  worked  at 
lumbering,  fought  in  the  Nez  Perces  war,  and  was 
killed  in  a  runaway  in  1880;  Hamilton  died  when  he 
was  young;  William  C.,  who  came  to  California  with 
our  subject  and  was  companion  with  him  in  all  the 
war  hardships,  being  in  Libby  prison,  was  promoted  to 
rank  of  major  and  died  in  1892 ;  John  B.,  died  in  Ore- 
gon;  Mrs.  M.  A.  White,  in  Lewiston;  Mrs.  Lydia 
Cushman,  in  Spokane.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  Oldtown  Academy  and  came  to  San  Francisco,  via 
Panama,  in  1859,  and  mined  two  years  with  good  suc- 
cess. In  August,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Second  California  Cavalry,  as  private  and  steadily  be- 
gan by  merit  to  rise  in  rank.  He  was  instrumental  in 
arresting  the  principal  members  of  the  Knights  of  the 
Golden  Circle  on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  gained  the  rank 
of  second  lieutenant  in  First  California  Cavalry  and 
was  detailed  to  organize  a  battalion  to  serve  in  the  east. 
He  went  east  as  captain  and  his  five  hundred  men  were 
the  only  Californians  who  fought  in  the  war  in  the  east. 
He  was  attached  to  the  Second  Massachusetts.  He  was 
active  in  the  service  until  February,  1864,  when  he  was 
captured  and  languished  in  Libby  prison,  and  others. 


He  was  one  of  six  hundred  officers  placed  in  Charles-  > 
ton  to  avoid  bombardment  of  the  city.  He  was  in  vari-  • 
ous  places  and  was  finally  paroled  at  Raleigh  and 
reached  his  own  lines  at  Wilmington,  North  Carolina, 
in  March,  1865,  and  went  after  Johnston  but  he  sur-  j 
rendered  before  he  was  captured.  After  a  most  wor-  I 
thy  service  in  the  hardest  of  the  fray,  in  the  keenest  of 
the  suffering,  the  worthy  subject  of  this  article  was 
mustered  out  on  July  20,  1865,  with  rank  of  major 
and  badly  wounded  in  side  and  leg.  He  returned  to 
Maine  and  remained  there  until  December,  1869,  when 
he  went  to  California  and  then  to  Lewiston  in  1870. 
He  went  to  lumbering  and  farming,  taking  a  preemp- 
tion close  to  town  which  he  still  owns.  In  1878  Mr. 
Manning  was  a  member  of  the  tenth  senate  of  the  state. 
He  has  been  clerk  of  the  United  States  court,  serving 
in  1880  and  1881.  He  was  deputy  United  States  mar- 
shal from  1882  to  1886,  and  district  attorney  of  Koot- 
enai  county  in  1888  and  1889.  Then  he  took  up  real 
estate  business  and  in  1890  he  was  appointed  by  the 
President  one  of  the  National  Commissioners  of  the 
Columbian  Exposition  which  position  he  held  for  eight 
years,  since  which  time  Mr.  Manning  has  been  giving 
his  attention  to  fruit  raising,  milling  and  real  estate. 

On   September   29,    1855,    Mr.    Manning   marriec 
Miss    Susan    E.,    daughter    of    Frank    and    Elizabeth 
(Manning)    Hawthorne.     To   them   have   been   born 
three  children,  Fred  M.,  proprietor  of  the  Idaho  stea 
laundry,  in  Lewiston ;  James  A.,  raising  fruit  at  Lew- 
iston; Charles  F.,  at  Post  Falls,  Idaho.     Mr.  Ha\ 
thorne  was  born  in  Massachusetts  as  were  his  ances- 
tors for  generations  back,  being  a  descendant  of  Na- 
thaniel Hawthorne.     Mrs.  Manning  was  born  in  Ban- 
gor,  Maine,  on  December  15,  1836,  and  was  educated 
in  Boston.     Her  brother  Charles  is  a  lumberman  i 
Maine  and  her  brother  Frank  is  a  stockman  in  Colo- 
rado.    Mr.  Manning  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  G. 
A.  R.  and  his  wife  affiliates  with  the  Methodist  church. 
He  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  leading  men  of  ( 
county  and  is  highly  respected  by  all. 


JENNIE  M.  ROBNETT.  This  lady  is  the  county 
superintendent  of  schools  and  is  one  of  the  most  effi- 
cient and  highly  esteemed  incumbents  of  the  office  that 
Nez  Perces  county  has  been  favored  with.  Her  gen- 
eral popularity  is  evidenced  by  the  majority  of  five 
hundred  that  was  given  her  at  the  first  election,  being 
larger  than  any  one  ever  gained  before  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket. 

Jennie  M.  Robnett  was  born  in  Farmington,  Da- 
kota county,  Minnesota,  on  March  10,  1874.  Her 
father  Jason  M.  Herrington,  was  born  near  New 
Nork,  in  1843,  and  his  father,  Jeremiah  Herrington, 
was  a  lumberman.  Jason  M.  was  too  young  to  enlist 
in  the  Civil  war  but  evinced  his  patriotism  in  going 
as  bridge  constructor  for  the  army.  Mrs.  Robnett's 
mother,  Lavinia  Sykes,  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ohio, 
in  1842.  Her  father,  George  W.,  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  he  and  his  wife  were  pioneers  to  Minnesota 
and  experienced  the  troubles  of  the  Fort  Snelling 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


263 


Indian  outbreak.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  Farmington  and  Long  Prairie, 
whither  the  family  removed,  and  then  completed  the 
high  school  course  in  Lewiston,  after  which  she  taught 
and  then  graduated  from  the  State  Normal.  She  mani- 
fested true  pluck  and  spirit  in  this  commendable  labor, 
demonstrating  that  some  one  besides  young  men  can 
work  their  way  through  college.  It  was  in  1892,  that 
her  father  decided  to  come  west,  and  being  a  lumber- 
pine  forests  of  Idaho.  In  1898  Miss  Herrington  grad- 
uated from  the  state  normal  and  was  elected  principal 
of  the  Clarkston  schools  and  contrary  to  her  wish  she 
was  elected  to  the  position  of  county  superintendent 
and  so  well  did  she  discharge  its  duties  that  she  was  re- 
elected  and  is  now  serving  her  second  term. 

On  February  6,  1900,  Miss  Herrington  was  mar- 
ried to  Clarence  W.  Robnett,  of  Lewiston.  He  was 
born  August  II,  1872,  at  Waterbury,  Washington,  and 
was  educated  in  Lewiston  and  Pomeroy.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  accepted  a  position  in  the  Lewiston  Nat- 
ional Bank  and  is  now  bookkeeper  there.  Mrs.  Rob- 
nett has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters, 
Elsworth  M.,  Lafayette,  Minnie  Herrington,  Jerry, 
Nettie  Knight,  Nellie  Herrington,  George,  Jason,  Lew- 
is, and  Gladys.  Mr.  Robnett  has  two  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  William  M.,  Mrs.  Clara  Rainwater,  James,  and 
Mamie  Akin.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robnett  there  has 
been  born  one  child,  a  baby.  Mrs.  Robinett's  uncles, 
David,  George  W.,  Lewis  F.  and  John  Sykes,  served 
in  the  Civil  war  and  the  latter  died  from  injuries  re- 
ceived there.  Mrs.  Robnett  is  one  of  the  highly  es- 
teemed ladies  of  the  county  and  has  made  a  worthy 
record,  demonstrating  her  ability  and  energy,  while 
she  has  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all. 


LEWIS  SANDERS  is  at  the  present  time  one 
of  the  capable  men  of  Melrose,  having  a  machine  shop, 
where  he  is  working  up  a  fine  patronage.  Formerly, 
he  was  well  known  in  the  milling  business  but  since 
his  property  was  destroyed  by  fire,  he  has  turned  his 
attention  to  mechanics,  being  skilled  in  that  work. 
Mr.  Sanders  is  a  man  of  integrity  and  uprightness 
and  is  reckoned  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  citi- 

Lewis  Sanders  was  born  in  Texas  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  February  14,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Jefferson 
and  Elizabeth  (Fry)  Sanders,  natives  respectively  of 
Missouri  and  Kentucky.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  in 
Missouri  and  died  there  in  1884.  The  mother  still 
lives  in  that  state.  Lewis  worked  at  home  as  a  dutiful 
son  and  attended  the  schools  until  he  was  nineteen  and 
then  he  went  to  railroading  on  the  M.  K.  &  T.  lines. 
Following  this  for  a  time  he  soon  drifted  west  to  San 
Bernardino.  He  returned  from  there  to  visit  in 
his  native  place  and  on  August  9,  1889,  he 
came  west  to  Waverly,  Washington,  where  he 
devoted  his  attention  to  farming  until  1896. 
At  that  date,  Mr.  Sanders  came  to  the  reser- 
vation and  took  land  near  Melrose  and  farmed  it 


for  five  years ;  at  the  same  time  he  operated  a  flour  mill 
which  he  and  his  brother-in-law,  George  Allen,  built. 
For  four  years  they  operated  the  mill  with  good  success 
and  then  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Then  Mr.  Sanders 
sold  his  farm  property  and  opened  a  machine  shop  in 
Melrose,  where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time. 

In  July,  1891,  while  in  Washington,  Mr.  Sanders 
married  Miss  Frances,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Esther 
Huffman,  natives  of  Virginia.  Mrs.  Sanders  was  also 
born  in  the  Old  Dominion  State,  on  February  13,  1866. 
She  has  one  sister  and  three  brothers  living,  while 
Mr.  Sanders  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters.  Fra- 
ternally, Mr.  Sanders  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 
the  M.  W.  A.  In  political  matters  he  is  allied  with 
the  Democrats  and  takes  an  interest  in  all  measures 
that  are  calculated  for  the  benefit  of  the  country  and 
its  progress. 


MORTIMER  A.  SNYDER,  one  of  the  prominent 
men  of  Nez  Perces  county  in  the  industrial  and  manu- 
facturing line,  while  also  a  leader  in  any  line  of  enter- 
prise and  the  substantial  upbuilding  of  the  country, 
is  eminently  fitted  for  representation  in  any  work  that 
purports  to  grant  mention  to  the  leading  men  of  the 
county. 

Mr.  Snyder  was  born  in  Montreal.  Canada,  on  Jan- 
uary 12,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Atkinson  and  Susan 
(McBean)  Snyder,  natives  of  Montreal,  and  born  in 
1820  and  1823,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  success- 
ful merchant  and  lumber  dealer,  of  English  descent 
and  died  in  1862.  The  mother,  who  still  lives  in  Can- 
ada, was  of  Scotch  descent,  being  the  daughter  of  Col- 
onel Archibald  McBean,  who  came  to  Canada  from 
Scotland.  He  was  a  large  lumber  dealer  and  on  ac- 
count of  distinguished  service  was  presented  with  a 
handsome  sword  from  Queen  Victoria.  Our  subject 
remained  at  home  and  attended  school  until  the  death 
of  his  father  and  then  was  adopted  by  his  grandfather, 
McBean.  Then  he  completed  his  educational  training 
in  the  Normal  school  and  learned  the  lumber  business, 
which  has  occupied  his  attention  continually  since 
that  time.  He  is  a  thorough  master  of  the 
business  and  has  operated  mills  in  various 
sections  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  In 
1871  he  went  to  the  vicinity  of  Buffalo,  New 
York,  and  took  charge  of  a  sawmill,  but  later  removed 
to  Bay  City,  Michigan,  and  there  operated  a  mill  for 
two  years."  With  his  cousin,  T.  H.  Snyder,  we  next 
see  him  in  Manitoba,  where  they  erected  one  of  the 
largest  mills  of  the  country  and  made  a  financial  suc- 
cess of  the  enterprise.  Later  he  was  in  the  Rockies  and 
handled  a  mill  for  the  Palisser  Company  on  the  Colum- 
bia river.  In  1883  he  went  to  Seattle  and  there  took 

he  was  engaged  until  April.  1901,  when  he  came  to 
Lewiston  for  his  wife's  health.  In  the  following  April 
he  came  to  his  present  location  in  Melrose  and  is  now 
completing  one  of  the  finest  mills  on  the  reservation, 
which  is  fitted  with  all  the  latest  and  best  machinery 
and  equipped  with  a  fine  dry  kiln,  the  only  one  in  the 


264 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


In  1883  Mr.  Snyder  married  Miss  Elvira,  daugh- 
ter of  A.  R.  and  Mary  Gerald.  The  father,  a  native  of 
Iowa,  was  a  merchant.  He  served  in  the  Civil  war 
under  Captain  Donaldson.  The  mother  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Major  Armstrong,  an  old  English  soldier  who 
settled  in  Manitoba  in  1847.  Mrs.  Snyder  was  born 
in  Winnipeg  and  has  one  brother,  Mortimer,  in  Mos- 
cow, and  two  sisters,  Jennie  McKenzie  and  Lucy  King- 
ly, both  in  Moscow.  Mr.  Snyder  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Robert,  in  Michigan ;  Alma  Milne, 
in  Montreal.  To  this  worthy  couple  have  been  born 
the  following  named  children,  Wilmer  G.,  Howard, 
Myrtle,  and  Raymond.  Mrs.  Snyder  is  a  member  of 
the  Congregational  church.  Mr.  Snyder  is  a  member 
of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  while  in  politics  he  is  a  Republi- 
can. Mr.  Snyder  is  a  progressive,  intelligent  and  sub- 
stantial citizen,  a  man  always  allied  on  the  side  of  prog- 
ress and  upbuilding.  He  had  four  cousins  in  the  Civil 
•war,  two  of  whom  were  killed. 


M.  A.  KELLY,  M.  D.  It  gives  us  pleasure  to  be 
permitted  to  outline  the  career  of  the  estimable  gentle- 
man and  pioneer,  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph. 
Doctor  Kelly  came  to  Levviston  in  1862  and  has  been  a 
familiar  figure  here  most  of  the  time  until  his  death, 
being  well  and  favorably  known  to  all  and  the  recipi- 
ent of  the  friendship  and  good  will  of  all.  His  father, 
Alexander  Kelly,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  in  1780,  and  fought  in  the  war  of 
1812.  He  came  of  Irish  extraction  and  died  in  1859. 
The  mother  of  Dr.  Kelly  was  Rachel  Cox,  who  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1783,  of  Scotch  descent  and 
she  died  at  the  ripe  old  age  of  ninety-five,  in  1878. 
On  January  4,  1862,  Dr.  Kelly  married  Miss  Abbie 
M.,  daughter  of  John  Gordon,  a  lumberman  of  Old- 
town,  Maine.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Marysville, 
California;  Mrs.  Mounce,  of  Lewiston,  is  the  daugh- 
ter of  this  worthy  couple.  Mr.  Gordon's  mother,  who 
was  a  St.  Clair,  was  born  in  Oldtown,  Maine,  and  died 
in  East  Portland,  in  1898.  She  was  a  sister  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  St.  Clair  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  a 
woman  of  superior  ability  and  education.  Mrs.  Kelly 
was  born  in  Oldtown,  Maine,  in  1842,  and  had  good 
educational  facilities.  She  was  attending  the  Catholic 
school  at  Marysville,  California,  when  she  married 
Doctor  Kelly.  A  very  interesting  romance  is  con- 
nected with  this  marriage.  The  death  of  Dr.  M.  A. 
Kelly  occurred  on  May  27,  1903. 


BENJAMIN  F.  JACKS.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  be 
able  to  chronicle  in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county 
the  career  of  one  of  her  leading  and  public-minded 
citizens,  the  gentleman  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this 
article. 

Benjamin  F.  Jacks  was  born  in  Gallia  county, 
Ohio,  August  9,  1839,  being  the  son  of  Solomon  and 
Lavina  (Macomber)  Jacks,  farmers.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  and  remained  at  home 


until  of  age.  On  July  II,  1861,  young  Jacks  en- 
listed in  Company  A,  Fiftieth  Illinois,  under  Captain 
H.  P.  W.  Kramer,  in  the  Second  Division  and  Second 
Brigade  of  the  Sixteenth  Corps  of  the  western  army. 
General  Dodge,  who  is  now  living  at  Fort  Dodge, 
Iowa,  which  town  was  named  for  him,  was  division 
commander,  and  General  Cooke  commanded  the  bri- 
gade. Mr.  Jacks  was  in  for  service  as  the  following 
will  show.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Fort 
Henry,  Fort  Donelson,  Pittsburg  Landing,  Shiloh,  in 
the  siege  of  Corinth  and  the  battle  of  Corinth  on  Oc- 
tober 2,  and  3,  1862.  Also  he  was  in  the  battle  of 
Resaca,  Dalton  and  many  skirmishes.  Mr.  Jacks  was 
in  charge  of  two  hundred  men  in  the  construction  of 
the  defense  at  Memphis,  being  there  in  the  engineer- 
ing department.  In  all  this  long  service  and  heavy 
fighting,  which  continued  for  three  years  and  three 
months,  Mr.  Jacks  was  always  courageous,  faithful 
and  found  at  the  post  of  duty.  Space  forbids  detail, 
but  who  can  read  the  list  of  those  terrible  battles 
where  he  faced  he  cannon  and  fought  for  the  country 
during  those  awful  days  of  carnage  without  recog- 
nizing in  the  person  of  Mr.  Jacks  one  of  the  worthy 
veterans  whose  arms  saved  our  country  from  dire  de- 
struction and  preserved  to  unborn  generations  the  be- 
nign influence  of  our  free  institutions.  On  October 
28,  1864,  at  Rome,  Georgia,  Mr.  Jacks  was  mustered 
out  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Illinois,  spending  three 
months  in  a  royal  visit  and  then  he  turned  his  face 
to  the  prairies  of  Iowa  and  took  up  the  civilian's  life. 
There  on  February  18,  1866,  Mr.  Jacks  married  Miss 
Mary  M.  Rhodes,  at  Des  Moines.  Her  father  was 
James  S.  Rhodes,  who  was  a  faithful  preacher  in  the 
Christian  church  for  thirty-five  years.  Her  mother 
was  Eliza  Adams,  a  native  of  Kentucky  and  her  pa- 
rents were  pioneers  of  Illinois. 

Mr.  Jacks'  father  built  the  second  .house  in  the 
now  flourishing  city  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  He  was  a 
physician  and  practiced  for  thirty-five  years  and  also 
preached  in  the  Methodist  church-  for  fifteen  years. 

Mr.  Jacks  had  five  brothers  who  fought  for  the 
Union  and  we  desire  to  make  a  brief  notice  of  them. 
Augustus,  sergeant  in  gompany  I,  Second  Illinois; 
Henry,  twin  brother  of  our  subject,  sergeant  in  Com- 
pany G,  Second  Illinois  Cavalry;  George  W.,  private 
in  Company  G,  Second  Illinois  Cavalry ;  John,  private 
in  Company  I,  Fourth  Iowa  Cavalry,  and  he  was 
killed  in  the  battle  at  Big  Blue,  near  Independence, 
Missouri;  Isaac,  private  in  Company  I,  Tenth  Iowa. 
Henry  had  a  remarkable  experience  at  the  battle  of 
Three  Springs,  Tennesse.  Nineteen  bullets  pierced 
his  clothing  and  one  burned  the  skin,  yet  he  escaped 
uninjured.  Mr.  Jacks  was  always  ready  for  duty  and 
often  took  the  place  of  a  weaker  comrade.  He  was 
never  in  the  hospital  nor  off  duty  but  once  when 
burned. 

Mr.  Jacks  is  an  elder  in  the  Christian  church  and 
also  in  politics  he  has  been  active,  having  served  in 
every  Democratic  convention  for  ten  years  past.  From 
1865  to  1870,  he  farmed  in  Iowa,  then  located  with 
his  family  in  Nebraska  for  five  years.  The  family  was 
nearly  killed  in  a  cyclone  there  and  he  returned  to 


BENJAMIN  F.  JACKS 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


265 


•  lowsa.  On  April  n,  1887,  he  came  to  Pendleton,  Ore- 
gon. On  November  7  of  the  same  year  he  came  to 
Leland,  Idaho,  and  bought  a  quarter  section.  Seven 
years  he  farmed  that  and  then  came  to  his  present 
place,  one  mile  east  and-half  mile  north  from  Gif- 
ford.  Mr.  Jacks  has  a  fine  place,  well  improved  and 
his  orchard  of  ten  acres  is  a  model  in  every  respect 
and  doubtless  the  finest  one  on  the  reservation.  It  is 
replete  with  points  of  excellence  in  every  respect  and 
•reflects  the  industry  and  skill  of  the  proprietor. 

Mr.  Jacks  has  four  fine  sons,  who  are  coming 
forward  to  do  credit  to  their  worthy  father  in  the 
walks  of  life;  their  names  with  those  of  their  three 
sisters,  are  as  follows:  Alemeda  A.,  James,  William 
C,  Jesse  N.,  Orrin  W.,  Eva  J.,  and  Pearl  O.  Mr. 
Jacks  has  every  reason  to  take  a  pardonable  pride  in 
the  many  achievements  of  his  life,  wherin  he  has  man- 
ifested great  wisdom,  faithfulness  and  integrity.  He 
made  a  fine  record  in  the  war  that  is  a  credit  to  any 
man.  he  has  displayed  the  works  of  his  hands  in  pro- 
ducing as  fine  an  orchad  as  can  be  found  in  this  vi- 
cinity and  he  has  for  the  comfort  and  solace  of  his 
golden  years,  which  are  beginning  to  run  apace,  ca- 
pable and  worthy  children,  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  have  been  privileged  to  speak  of  this  worthy 
and  venerable  veteran  and  his  gracious  and  estimable 
partner  in  life. 

HORACE  W.  NELSON  is  a  man  of  sterling 
worth  and  honor  and  has  displayed  the  qualities  of 
substantiality  and  enterprise  in  all  his  ways.  Since 
coming  to  Nez  Perces  county  in  1880,  he  has  remained 
here  and  is  well  and  favorably  known  throughout  its 
borders. 

Horace  W.  Nelson  was  born  in  Marion  county, 
Iowa,  on  January  18,  1872,  being  the  son  of  James 
R.  and  Mary  C.  (Ruddell)  Nelson.  The  father  is 
now  living  on  the  old  honiestead  in  Tammany  hollow 
and  the  mother  died  on  November  20,  1898.  She  was 
the  daughter  of  Elder  John  M.  Ruddell,  a  pioneer  in 
Adams  county,  Illinois.  Horace  was  the  fifth  of  a 
family  of  ten  children,  eight  boys  and  two  girls.  The 
parents  were  both  born  and  raised  in  Adams  county, 
Illinois,  and  came  to  Iowa  and  in  1876,  they  came 
thence  to  Walla  Walla  via  San  Francisco  and  Port- 
land. In  1880  they  migrated  to  Tammany  hollow 
and  there  our  subject  was  reared  and  received  his  edu- 
cation in  this  county.  On  Christmas  day,  1892,  he 
married  Miss  Delia,'  daughter  of  James  and  Martha 
A.  McKissicks.  natives  of  Tennessee.  The  father 
died  there  and  she  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  with 
her  mother  in  1890.  The  mother  now  lives  with  her 
son,  John,  near  Lewiston.  Mr.  Nelson  has  a  large 
number  of  work  horses,  a  fine  equipment  of  farming 
machinery  and  handles  several  hundred  acres  of  land 
each  year.  He  owned  a  farm  but  sold  it  and  now  rents 
land  from  other  parties.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  8,  also  of  the  Encampment,  both 
in  Lewiston.  Mr.  Nelson  has  spent  the  major  portion 
of  his  life  in  Nez  Perces  county  and  has  gained  a  stand- 
ing for  honor  and  real  worth  of  character  that  is  very 


gratifying.  His  ancestors  were  people  of  a  high  sense 
of  honor  and  integrity  and  this  son  is  in  no  wise  an  ex- 
ception. 


HON.  EBEN  MOUNCE.  This  well  known  busi- 
ness man  and  esteemed  gentleman  of  enviable  pres- 
tige was  born  in  Linn  county,  Iowa,  on  July  19,  1856, 
being  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Persilla  (Timmons) 
Mounce.  The  father  was  a  stockman,  born  in  Mus- 
catine,  Iowa,  in  1821  and  is  now  living  in  Lewiston. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Van  Buren  county,  Michigan, 
in  1836  and  died  at  Lewiston,  in  1900.  Our  subject 
attended  public  school  and  then  went  to  Western  Col- 
lege, at  Western,  Iowa,  and  in  1878  came  west  to  Van- 
couver, Washington.  Soon  after  that  he  was  in  Lew- 
iston, where  he  took  a  homestead  near  town  and  went 
to  raising  stock.  He  devoted  himself  to  this  for  ten 
years  with  excellent  success  and  then  sold  the  stock, 
retaining  the  land.  He  removed  to  town  and  was  ap- 
pointed deputy  sheriff  under  J.  M.  Eakins,  for  two 
years  and  then  was  nominated  on  the  Democratic 
ticket  and  elected,  although  the  county  is  Republican. 
Two  years  as  sheriff  were  spent  with  credit  to  himself 
and  satisfaction  to  his  constituents.  The  law  allows 
only  one  term  in  this  office  and  then  as  Harry  Lyden 
was  elected,  our  subject  was  made  deputy  for  two  years 
longer.  He  was  also  serving  at  this  time  as  deputy  Uni- 
ted States  marshal,  continuing  in  this  until  1897 ;  then 
he  turned  his  attention  to  real  estate  and  was  connected 
with  the  Idaho  Investment  Company  until  1900,  when 
he  sold  out  and  formed  a  partnership  with  W.  H.  Skin- 
ner, the  firm  being  known  as  Skinner  &  Mounce.  Mr. 
Mounce  was  one  of  the  original  directors  of  the  Idaho 
National  Bank  and  connected  with  it  for  some  time. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Mounce  and  Miss  Gallic  J. 
Rose  was  solemnized  in  Iowa.  She  died  in  1890,  leav- 
ing one  child,  Lionne,  now  at  home.  Mr.  Mounce 
was  married  a  second  time  to  Eva  (Kelly)  Yantis. 
She  is  the  daughter  of  M.  A.  Kelly,  M.  D.,  who  is 
mentioned  in  another  portion  of  the  work.  Mrs. 
Mounce  was  born  in  Lewiston  in  1866.  To  this  mar- 
riage one  child  was  born  on  June  4,  1897,  Gordon. 
Mrs.  Mounce  has  by  her  former  marriage,  one  daugh- 
ter, Frances  Yantis,  now  at  home.  Mr.  Mounce  has 
the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  John  S.,  a 
farmer  in  this  county;  Clara,  wife  of  J.  L.  Goodnight, 
near  Genesee ;  Lafayette,  farmer  twelve  miles  south- 
east from  Lewiston ;  Hattie,  wife  of  William  Ruddell, 
of  this  county :  Edith,  wife  of  George  Ruddell,  of  this 
county.  Mr.  Mounce  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A. 
and  a  charter  member  of  the  Lewiston  lodge  of  K. 
of  P.  He  is  an  active  Democrat  and  owns  considerable 
property  in  the  town  and  country.  In  1899,  the  people 
called  Mr.  Mounce  to  the  state  legislature  and  al- 
though his  county  was  Republican,  he  gained  a  major- 
ity of  ninety-five  and  made  a  clean  and  good  record 
in  those  halls.  He  has  ever  been  the  friend  of  educa- 
tion and  sought  to  aid  the  state  normals  while  in  the 
legislature.  He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
county  offices  and  of  the  committee  on  education,  of 
public  lands,  and  was  one  of  the  joint  committee  of 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


house  and  senate.  Mr.  Mounce  made  a  good  record, 
did  faithful  work  for  his  county  and  for  the  interests 
of  the  state. 


WILLIAM  H.  SKINNER.  The  father  of 
Charles  Skinner  came  from  England  to  the  place  where 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  now  stands  in  an  early  day  and 
the  city  is  partly  on  land  that  he  owned.  Charles 
was  born  there  and  married  Sarah  Orborne,  of  Maine, 
then  removed  to  New  Brunswick.  His  son,  Alfred, 
married  Abigail  Bigelow,  to  whom  was  born  Henry 
Skinner,  in  Kings  county,  Nova  Scotia,  on  March 
26,  1824.  On  March  26,  1845,  tnis  gentleman  was 
united  to  Ruth  A.,  daughter  of  James  and  Mary  Ills- 
ley,  a  native  of  Kings  county,  Nova  Scotia,  and  to  them 
were  born  William  H.  Skinner,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  on  July  24,  1856,  in  Cornwallis,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  also  James  Stanlev,  now  in  Lewiston ;  Alfred  L., 
in  Lewiston ;  Samuel  W.,  John,  and  Oscar,  deceased ; 
Charles  A.,  in  Brookings,'  South  Dakota;  Bradford, 
deceased;  Mary  and  Agnes  A.,  both  deceased.  On 
April  13,  1873,  our  subject  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
A.  Laird,  who  died  in  July,  1886,  leaving  five  children, 
Ansel  O.,  at  Rathdrum,  Idaho;  Agnes  A.,  now  Mrs. 
C.  L.  Wright,  at  New  Hampton,  Iowa;  Charles  H., 
Guy  E.,  and  Mary  E.,  all  in  Lewiston.  On  February 
29,  1888,  Mr.  Skinner  married  Miss  Georgia  A', 
daughter  of  George  and  Catherine  Laird,  and  a  cousin 
of  his  former  wife.  Mrs.  Skinner  was  born  in  Brad- 
ford, Iowa,  in  March,  1860,  and  has  two  brothers,  J. 
G.  Laird  and  J.  J.  Laird,  and  E.  G.  Laird,  Mrs.  W. 
R.  Longhorn,  and  Mrs.  E.  G.  Sage,  half  sisters.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Skinner  have  been  born  the  following 
named  children,  Gladys  L,  deceased,  Catherine,  Ruth 
A.,  Rae  G.,  Grant,  Helen,  and  Georgia,  all  at  home. 
Mr.  Skinner  was  educated  in  Nova  Scotia  at  Acadia 
College  and  at  Bradford  Academy,  in  Iowa.  He  came 
with  his  parents  to  Iowa  in  1869.  He  had  taught  four 
years  before  his  advent  to  Iowa  and  there  for  two  years 
he  was  one  of  the  thorough  educators.  In  1873  he 
took  a  homestead  in  South  Dakota,  Brookings  county, 
moving  there  in  1875.  He  farmed  for  a  few  years  and 
in  1878  he  opened  a  real  estate  and  loan  office  in 
Brookings.  There  he  continued  until  1900,  when  he 
sold  and  came  to  Lewiston,  where  he  engaged  in  con- 
tracting, paving  the  main  street  in  Lewiston.  He 
then  went  into  real  estate  with  Hon.  Eben  Mounce,  the 
firm  was  known  as  Skinner  &  Mounce.  In  1901,  Mr. 
Skinner  was  elected  to  the  office  of  mayor  of  Lewiston, 
and  1902  reelected  without  opposition  and  he  is  serv- 
ing in  that  capacity  at  the  present  writing.  It  speaks 
highly  of  his  abilitv  and  integrity  that  he  was  so  soon 
called  by  the  people  to  this  responsible  office.  While 
in  Brookings  he  was  postmaster  from  1891  to  1895, 
was  elected  to  the  office  of  district  clerk  and  served 
the  county  for  five  years,  was  secretary  of  the  board  of 
regents  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  and  the  Uni- 
ted States  Experiment  Station  there  and  was  chairman 
of  the  board  of  county  commissioners  for  three  years. 
In  all  this  long  public  career  in  important  offices  it 
must  be  said  of  Mr.  Skinner  that  he  has  with  great 


faithfulness,  and  excellent  efficiency  conserved  the 
interests  of  all,  and  in  every  case  the  office  sought  the 
man  and  not  the  man  the  office.  In  his  position  of  chief 
executive  of  Lewiston  he  has  wrought  many  beneficial 
changes  and  his  work  is  appreciated  by  a  discriminat- 
ing people.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masons,  blue  lodge, 
Royal  Arch  Chapter,  and  Knights  Templar,  also  of 
the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  the  K.  of  P.  He 
and  his  family  are  allied  with  the  Baptist  church  and 
are  staunch  supporters  of  the  faith.  Mr.  Skinner  is 
one  of  the  able  men  of  our  county,  and  has  wrought 
with  marked  wisdom  and  executive  force  for 
its  interests;  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  all, 
being  a  man  of  enterprise  and  progressive  ideas 
and  dominated  by  keen  perception  and  practi- 
cal judgment  and  sound  principles  in  all  of 
his  ways.  In  addition  to  his  other  arduous  and 
many  labors,  he  has  found  time  to  study  law  and  is 
admitted  to  the  state  courts. 


MILES  S.  JOHNSON  is  one  of  the  leading  men 
in  Nez  Perces  county,  being  at  the  present  time  county 
attorney  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  practitioners 
of  the  country,  a  keen  student  of  human  nature,  thor- 
oughly posted  in  the  lore  of  the  law,  and  a  pronounced 
success  on  the  public  rostrum. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  born  in  Portland,  Oregon,  on 
July  2,  1871,  being  the  son  of  Jasper  W.  and  Mary  E. 
(Post)  Johnson.  The  father  is  a  lawyer,  born  in  In- 
diana in  1836  and  still  practicing  in  Denver,  Colorado. 
He  was  brigadier  general  of  the  Pacific  troops  at 
Olympia  during  the  war  and  was  first  county  judge  of 
Umatilla  county,  Oregon.  The  mother  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1843,  came  to  Oregon  City  in  1853,  via 
Panama ;  her  father,  John  D.  Post,  was  a  graduate  of 
Yale  College,  coming  to  the  coast  in  the  same  year 
that  his  daughter  did,  and  Dieted  as  president  of  the 
first  college  on  the  coast,  it  being  located  at  Oregon 
City.  Later  he  returned  to  New  York  and  was  con- 
nected with  various  institutions  of  learning.  His 
mother  came  of  the  Pierpont  stock  that  founded  Yale. 

Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Portland, 
where  he  remained  until  the  early  part  of  1892.  At 
that  time  he  went  to  Aspen,  Colorado,  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  there,  having  completed  the  course  of  read- 
ing that  was  begun  in  Portland.  He  practiced  in  Colo- 
rado and  Utah  until  1897.  having  access  to  all  the 
courts.  Then  returned  to  Portland  and  engaged  in  the 
political  campaign  of  1898.  stumping  the  state  for  the 
Republican  party.  In  July,  1898,  he  came  to  Lewis- 
ton,  and  opened  an  office.  In  1900  he  was  nominated 
for  county  attorney  and  after  a  stubborn  fight  was 
elected  with  three  others  of  his  ticket. 

On  June  5,  1901,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss  Sarah 
G.  Sweet,  niece  of  Edward  A.  Temple,  president  of  the 
Bankers'  Life  Association  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  who 
raised  this  lady.  The  wedding  occurred  at  Chariton, 
Iowa.  Mrs.  Johnson,  who  was  born  in  that  town  on 
September  24,  1876,  has  two  sisters,  Harriett  Sweet, 
and  Mrs.  Kate  Rose.  Mr.  Johnson  has  the  following 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


267 


brothers  and  sisters,  Clara  W.  Knight,  Thurston  L., 
Harry  B.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the 
Artisans.  Mrs.  Johnson  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal- 
ian church.  Mr.  Johnson  is  strictly  a  westerner  in 
every  true  sense  of  the  word,  and  has  a  good  prac- 
tice in  Lewiston  and  adjacent  country.  His  grand- 
father William  was  with  Whitman  in  the  early  days, 
and  his  aunt,  Mrs.  Mary  Clymer,  was  with  Spalding 
at  the  time  of  the  massacre,  and  narrowly  escaped. 
Hezekiah  Johnson,  his  great  uncle,  was  the  first  Bap- 
tist missionary  on  the  Pacific  coast.  His  uncle,  John 
A.  Post,  was  postmaster  for  years  at  Boise,  Idaho.  Mr. 
Johnson  has  a  fine  home  in  Lewiston,  where  his  esti- 
mable wife  presides  with  gracious  dignity,  making 
it  a  centre  of  refined  hospitality.  He  has  a  fine  prac- 
tice and  stands  high  among  his  confreres  as  also  with 
the  people,  being  a  man  of  sound  principles  and  with 
a  noble  sense  of  honor  and  justice. 


WILLIAM  E.  TIMBERLAKE  was  born  in 
St.  Charles  county,  Missouri,  on  June  26,  1838,  the  son 
of  Benjamin  E.  and  Eliza  M.  (Overstreet)  Timber- 
lake.  The  father  was  a  contractor,  born  in  Madison 
county,  Kentucky,  in  1808,  and  his  mother,  formerly 
Mrs.  Ball,  was  also  a  Kentuckian.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Albermarle  county,  Virginia,  in 
1817  and  her  parents  were  Virginians.'  Our  subject 
lived  with  his  parents  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of 
age,  then  went  to  work  for  himself  in  the  community 
until  twenty-nine  years  old;  he  then  decided  to  come 
west  and  in  1867  we  find  him  in  Walla  Walla.  In  his 
boyhood  days,  he  had  gained  his  education  from  a  sub- 
scription school,  walking  many  miles  and  then  paying 
for  the  privilege  of  learning.  This  arduous  way  had 
hardened  him  into  the  traces  of  life,  he  was  filled  with 
vigor  and  ready  for  the  occasions  presented  in  the 
west.  He  clerked  for  a  time,  then  went  to  Lewiston 
and  was  soon  in  the  mining  town  of  Warren,  where  he 
spent  four  years  clerking,  from  1868  to  1872.  Then 
he  went  to" Walla  Walla  and  on  May  i,  started  for 
Texas,  where  he  bought  a  herd  of  cattle,  then  left 
there  June  20,  landing  in  southern  Colorado,  October 
I,  1872.  Wintering  there,  the  next  spring  found  him 
on  the  drive  again,  and  on  November  13,  1873,  he 
turned  his  stock  on  the  range  in  Routt  county, 
Colorado.  He  handled  them  there  until  June 
25,  1880,  then  sold  out  and  came  to  Lewis- 
ton,  landing  there  on  July  25.  He  had  been 
very  successful  in  the  cattle  business,  but  in  1879,  at 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Utes,  he  lost  heavily,  and  now 
has  a  claim  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  against  the 
government,  which  is  being  litigated.  Arriving  in 
Lewiston,  he  purchased  the  Raymond  house,  on  July 
30,  1880,  and  from  that  date  until  March  4,  1901,  he 
was  installed  as  manager  of  that  popular  house,  and 
continued  as  such  until  March,  1901,  when  he  leased 
the  hotel.  Mr.  Timberlake  has  real  estate  interests  in 
the  country  and  property  in  Lewiston.  At  one  time 
he  was  interested  in  the  Lewiston  Mercantile  Company 
but  sold  out  in  1901.  At  present  he  has  mining  inter- 


ests. At  one  time  Mr.  Timberlake  was  elected  mayor 
of  Lewiston  but  refused  to  serve,  and  has  always  de- 
clined the  honor  of  public  office,  but  has  labored  hard 
for  his  friends'  election.  He  is  allied  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  and  laconically  remarks  that  he  has  been 
trying  to  elect  a  Democratic  president. 

Mr.  Timberlake  was  married  in  1876  and  has  now 
one  grown  daughter.  Mr.  Timberlake  had  relatives 
on  both  sides  of  the  struggle  in  the  Civil  war  and 
was  in  and  out  of  the  lines  on  both  sides  and  had  many 
thrilling  experiences.  While  in  the  stock  business 
he  was  active  against  the  Indians  in  the  outbreak.  One 
of  his  herdsmen,  Mowery  by  name,  was  killed  by  the 
Indians.  Swift  Timberlake,  of  Liberty,  Missouri,  who 
for  so  many  years  fought  the  James  and  Younger 
boys,  and  traced  them  so  much,  was  a  noted  officer  in 
the  entire  country,  and  a  cousin  of  our  subject.  While 
Mr.  Timberlake  was  in  the  stock  business,  the  gov- 
ernment sent  special  agents  out  from  Washington  a 
number  of  times  to  quell  the  Indians  and  prevent  their 
driving  him  out  of  the  country. 


COMMODORE  B.  NELSON.  Nez  Perces  county 
does  not  come  one  whit  behind  in  the  excellency  of  her 
mechanics  as  she  does  not  in  any  other  line. 
One  to  be  mentioned  especially  in  this  num- 
ber of  worthy  workers  is  named  at  the  head 
of  this  page.  Mr.  Nelson  is  well  known  and 
highly  esteemed  and  is  now  operating  one  of 
the  leading  blacksmith  shops  in  the  town  of  Lewis- 
ton.  Being  a  natural  mechanic,  he  has  added  to  this  a 
wealth  of  skill  and  experience  that  make  him  one  of 
the  leaders  in  his  line,  and  he  is  doing  a  fine  business. 

C.  B.  Nelson  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois, 
on  September  3,  t868,  being  the  son  of  James  R.  and 
Mary  C.  (Ruddell)  Nelson.  When  a  child,  his  parents 
came  to  Marion  county,  Iowa,  and  in  the  fall  of  1876, 
he  came  with  them,  via  San  Francisco,  to  Walla  Walla, 
where  the  father  entered  government  land  and  farmed 
until  January,  1880.  Then  a  move  was  made  to  the 
vicinity  of  Lewiston.  Commodore  remained  with  his 
parents  and  received  his  education  in  these  various 

On  September  2,  1888,  Mr.  Nelson  married  Miss 
Melissa,  daughter  of  John  and  Barbara  (Shoup) 
Tripp.  Mrs.  Nelson  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  July  13,1868,  and  came  to  Nez  Perces  county 
the  April  before  she  was  married.  Subsequent  to  their 
marriage  they  removed  to  Lincoln  county  and  there 
farmed  for  a  short  time,  after  which  they  returned  to 
Nez  Perces  county,  then  in  1890  went  to  Rathdrum 
and  Mr.  Nelson  took  up  the  logging  business  until 
1895.  The  following  year  he  returned  to  Lewiston  and 
opened  a  blacksmith  shop  and  since  that  time  has  de- 
voted himself  to  this  important  industry.  In  the  be- 
ginning of  this  labor  Mr.  Nelson  was  associated  with 
Mr.  Nelson,  no  relation,  but  in  1897  his  partner  died  and 
he  has  operaated  the  labor  alone  since.  The  shop  hires 
one  man  and  part  of  the  time  two  men  and  does  a  fine 
business.  Since  the  start,  Mr.  Nelson  has  done  a 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


thriving  business  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of 
the  town  now.  He  has  a  fine  modern  residence  of  ten 
rooms  at  the  corner  of  Second  and  Prospect  avenues, 
elegantly  furnished,  over  which  Mrs.  Nelson  presides 
with  refined  dignity  and  graciousness,  making  it  one  of 
the  very  attractive  homes  of  the  city.  Mrs.  Nelson 
has  a  most  beautiful  collection  of  house  plants  upon 
which  she  took  the  first  premium  at  the  inter-state  fair 
in  Lewiston  and  her  artistic  ability  in  arranging  them 
creates  a  beautiful  effect.  She  has  received  a  second 
premium  also  for  the  choicest  selections  of  house 
plants.  Mr.  Nelson  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Lodge  No.  8,  in  Lewiston  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Encampment.  He  has  been  noble  grand  in  the  lodge. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nelson, 
James  Carl  and  Ruby  Olive. 


SERAPHIN  WILDENTHALER  is  among  the 
oldest  pioneers  of  Lewiston  as  well  as  one  of  its  most 
substantial  citizens.  He  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany, 
on  July  I,  1827.  His  family  sailed  from  Havre,  France, 
in  18^2  and  settled  in  Sandusky,  Ohio.  Soon  there- 
after our  subject  came  back  to  New  York  and  went 
thence,  via  Panama,  to  San  Francisco.  For  eight 
years  he  prospected  and  mined  in  the  Golden  state 
and  came  thence  to  northern  Idaho  in  1862.  Hostile 
Indians  attempted  to  stampede  their  horses  while  they 
were  enroute  and  one  morning  they  found  the  ground 
filled  with  arrows  that  had  been  shot  at  them  in  the 
night,  the  weapons  being  half  buried  by  their  force. 
In  due  time  they  arrived  at  Lewiston,  a  city  of  five 
thousand,  all  living  in  tents.  A  crossing  was  effected 
on  the  Snake  where  the  ferry  is  now  operated.  Every 
day  a  pack  train  wound  its  way  out  from  Lewiston  and 
the  tinkle  of  their  bells  was  a  familiar  sound  of  the 
day.  For  three  years  Mr.  Wildenthaler  mined  at  Oro- 
fino  and  in  the  autumn  of  1865,  in  company  with  Nye 
and  Harness,  took  a  pack  train  of  flour  to  Kootenai 
and  there  sold  it  for  sixty-five  dollars  per  hundred. 
Later  in  the  same  years  he  opened  a  bakery  in  Lewis- 
ton  with  C.  Baker.  But  the  freedom  of  the  hills  called 
him  and  he  sold  out  to  his  partner  and  went  to  Mon- 
tana. He  mined  on  Harvey  and  Ten  Mile  creek  and 
then  went  to  Arizona,  California,  Nevada  and  finally 
came  back  to  Sweetwater  and  South  Pass.  Mr.  Wild- 
enthaler joined  the  workers  on  the  Union  Pacific  and 
operated  a  bakery-  along  the  line,  moving  it  sixteen 
times  to  keep  abreast  of  the  road.  He  witnessed  the 
laying  of  the  silver  rail  and  the  driving  of  the  golden 
spike  that  celebrated  the  completion  of  the  first  trans- 
continental railroad  in  the  United  States,  which  act 
was  done  at  Promontory  Point.  Mr.  Wildenthaler 
visited  Ohio  at  this  time  and  two  months  later  came 
back  to  Walla  Walla.  In  1870  he  selected  Lewiston 
as  his  home  place  and  bought  a  half  interest  in  the  gro- 
cery and  bakery  business  of  Conrad  Wintch.  This 
partnership  continued  until  1878  when  Mr.  Wilden- 
Ihaler  bought  the  entire  business.  He  conducted  it 
alone  until  1901  when  he  sold  a  share  to  Joseph  E. 
Kincaid.  The  next  vear  Mr.  Kincaid  sold  his  inter- 


est to  D.  O.  Powell.  The  firm  still  occupies  the  same 
place  on  west  Main  street,  but  the  old  wooden  struct- 
ure has  given  place  to  a  brick  building. 

In  1878  Mr.  Wildenthaler  was  united  in  marri- 
age with  Miss  Hattie  Palmer  and  they  have  become 
the  parents  of  two  daughters  and  one  son. 


WILLIAM  E.  SCHNEBLY.  It  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  this  estimable  gentleman 
a  representation  in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county 
since  he  has  not  only  made  a  handsome  success  in  busi- 
ness matters  in  the  west,  as  his  fine  holding  and  enter- 
prise will  show,  but  has  also  achieved  a  success  as  an 
educator ;  in  addition  to  these  two  lines  of  commenda- 
ble labor  he  has  also  done  worthy  work  in  the  minister- 
ial line,  having  been  exceptionally  favored  as  a  mission- 
ary in  establishing  churches  of  his  faith.  Mr.  Schne- 
bly  is  a  Baptist  of  the  true  stock  and  has  preached 
for  many  years  in  the  sections  where  he  has  resided 
and  many  places  in  the  west  are  deeply  indebted  to  him 

A  more  minute  detail  of  his  life  will  be  interesting 
and  therefore  we  note  at  the  beginning  that  he  was 
born  in  Clarke  county,  Missouri,  on  December  14, 
1854,  being  the  son  of  John  H.  and  Mary  E.  (North- 
craft)  Schnebly.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in 
Maryland  in  1816  and  died  in  1889.  He  was  sheriff 
of  Clarke  county  for  two  terms,  was  pioneer  of  that 
county  as  he  had  been  of  Peoria,  Illinois  and  was  a 
capable  and  respected  man.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Virginia  in  1830  and  died  in  1890. 
Her  father  was  a  pioneer  of  Clarke  county,  Missouri, 
having  come  thither  in  the  thirties.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education  while  at  home  and 
remained  with  his  parents  who  removed  to  various 
places.  The  father  served  in  the  Civil  war  in  the  quar- 
ermaster's  department  and  on  account  of  the  scourge 
of  the  war  removed  after  it  closed  to  Lafayette,  Saline 
and  Knox  counties,  to  the  latter  in  1869.  When  Will- 
iam was  twenty-five  years  of  age,  he  saw  the  need  of 
better  education  and  so  labored  and  attended  Edina 
Seminary.  He  began  his  career  of  teaching  at  that 
time  and  has  followed  it  more  or  less  since.  He  taught 
and  preached  and  finally  in  1881,  came  west  to  Mon- 
tana and  the  next  year  to  Garfield  county,  Washington. 
He  farmed  four  hundred  acres  there,  taught  school, 
and  preached,  being  as  busy  a  man  as  could  be  found 
in  the  county.  About  this  time,  being  thirty,  he  de- 
termined to  study  in  the  theological  seminary  and  ac- 
cordingly went  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  took  a 
course.  He  returned  to  Latah  county  where  he  had 
purchased  land  and  settled  to  till  the  same,  but  also 
took  up  missionary  work  in  his  church.  For  three 
years  he  was  missionary  pastor  in  Kendrick  and  he  es- 
tablished churches  at  Ping,  Washington,  Pine  Grove, 
Idaho,  Kendrick,  Big  Meadows,  and  Lookout.  Mr. 
Schnebly  remained  in  Latah  county  until  the  reserva- 
tion was  opened  and  then  took  up  land  where  Lookout 
now  stands. 

On  January  13,  1888,  in  Knox  county,  Missouri, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


269 


Mr.  Schnebly  married  Lucy  A.,  daughter  of  Welling- 
ton and  Amanda  A.  (Stapeles)  Buford,  natives  of 
Virginia  and  pioneers  of  Lewis  county,  Missouri,  both 
dying  in  Knox  county.  Mr.  Buford  was  a  brickmason 
and  for  years  was  judge  of  Knox  county.  Mrs.  Schne- 
biy  was"  born  in  Knox  county  in  1854  and  has  ten 
brothers  and  four  sisters.  Air.  Schnebly  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters,  Frances  V.,  Eliza- 
beth V.,  Arabella,  John  H.,  Andrew,  and  Richard,  the 
last  one  deceased.  One  child  has  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Schnebly,  William  B.  B.,  at  home.  Mrs.  Schne- 
bly's  brother,  George,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war. 
M'r.  Schnebly  is  a  Prohibitionist  and  was  nominated 
by  his  party  for  secretary  of  state.  He  is  an  advo- 
cate of  good  schools  and  morals  and  always  labors  for 
these  worthy  ends.  Mr.  Schnebly  is  a  man  of  business 
and  is  handling  the  telephone  system  of  this  section, 
having  been  the  promoter  of  it  and  now  owns  a  two- 
third  interest  in  the  property.  In  addition  to  this  he 
has  a  farm  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  at  Look- 
out and  one  hundred  and  sixty  in  Latah  county. 


HORACE  STANLEY.  About  two  miles  north 
from  Steele  post  office  is  located  the  estate  of  Mr. 
Stanley,  which  he  secured  from  the  government  by  his 
homestead  right,  filing  on  the  land  in  August,  1897. 
Since  that  time  Mr.  Stanley  has  been  laboring  assidu- 
ously in  the  good  work  of  improving  and  opening  his 
place,  and  he  is  now  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm,  with 
good  improvements,  stock,  orchards,  buildings  and  so 
forth,  all  of  which  is  the  result  of  his  industry  and 
wisdom,  for  he  came  to  the  country  in  a  "prairie 
schooner,"  which  was  the  sum  total  of  his  assets  at  that 

Horace  Stanley  was  born  in  Guthrie  county,  Iowa, 
on  October  17,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  C.  and 
Emma  (Newman)  Stanley,  natives  of  Indiana,  where 
also  they  were  married.  When  Horace  was  four  years 
of  age  the  family  went  to  Jasper  county,  Missouri,  and 
later  to  Berr.y  county.  It  was  1877  when  they  went 
to  Cherokee  county,  Kansas,  and  in  the  spring  of  1888 
they  migrated  to  San  Diego  county,  California,  where 
the  father  went  to  raising  fruit. 

In  Cherokee  county,  Kansas,  Mr.  Stanley  married 
Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  William  and  Abigal  (Lee) 
Jessup.  The  wedding  occurred  on  November  22,  1887. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jessup  were  natives  of  Indiana  and  were 
married  there.  Subsequent  to  that  event  they  removed 
to  Wayne  county,  Iowa,  where  Mrs.  Stanley  was  born 
on  April  14,  1864.  In  1866  the  family  went  to  Chero- 
kee county,  Kansas,  and  there  her  mother  died  in  1877. 
and  her  father  passed  away  in  1885.  In  1884  Mr. 
Stanley  had  taken  a  trip  to  Yamhill  county,  Oregon,  for 
the  purpose  of  exploring  the  country,  and  in  1886  he 
returned  to  his  home  in  Kansas.  In  1889  he  came 
with  his  family  to  where  his  father  dwelt  in  California, 
and  thence  in  1890  to  Yamhill  county  again.  In  1896 
he  migrated  from  that  county  to  Latah  county,  and  in 
1897  came  to  his  present  place.  He  bought  the  right 
of  a  squatter  and  took  a  quarter  section  at  that  time. 


Mr.  Stanley  has  been  active  in  the  endeavors  of  build- 
ing up  the  country  and  has  always  labored  for  good 
schools  and  good  government.  He  has  rendered  ex- 
cellent service  as  director  and  in  all  matters  for  the 
building  of  good  roads  and  so  forth  he  has  also  been 
zealous.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanley  are  devout  members 
of  the  Friends  church  and  are  real  exemplifications  of 
the  principles  of  the  faith.  To  this  worthy  couple 
there  have  been  born  five  children, — Emma  L.,  born 
October  7,  1889;  Carl  J.,  born  October  22,  1891 ;  Ethel 
A.,  born  July  27,  1893  ;  Howard  S.,  born  June  10,  1895  ; 
Warren  N.,  born  July  7,  1897. 


SIMEON  J.  GILLMORE.  It  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  incorporate  in  the  history  of 
Nez  Perces  county  an  epitome  of  the  career  of  the  es- 
teemed gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this 
article.  He  was  born  in  Pulaski  county,  Indiana,  on 
February  27,  1863,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Mary 
A.  (Rumbough)  Gillmore.  When  a  child  he  went 
with  his  parents  to  Michigan  and  there  he  was  reared 
until  thirteen,  when  he  began  the  labors  of  life  for 
himself.  He  wrought  in  different  parts  of  Michigan  in 
logging  and  timber  work  and  also  did  much  dock  build- 
ing on  the  lakes.  In  1891  he  came  to  Tacoma  and  en- 
gaged in  logging,  and  the  next  year  he  came  to  the 
Okanogan  country,  where  he  delved  for  the  riches  of 
the  mining  regions.  Later  we  see  him  in  this  same 
work  in  Shoshone  county,  Idaho.  There,  also,  he  was 
occupied  in  locating  timber  claims,  in  which  he  was 
skillful.  When  the  reservation  was  opened  he  came 
hither  and  located  on  a  choice  quarter  section  of  land, 
three  miles  north  from  Mohler.  To  the  improvement 
and  opening  of  this  he  has  devoted  himself  with  an  en- 
ergy and  skill  that  have  brought  their  sure  reward  of  a 
good  competence  and  a  fine  and  valuable  farm.  Mr. 
Gillmore  states  that  when  he  landed  on  his  present 
place  he  had  but  ten  days'  rations  and  he  was  obliged 
to  continue  for  three  years,  nearly,  before  he  got  any 
returns  of  any  value  from  the  farm.  But  he  was  de- 
termined to  make  a  valuable  estate  and  he  has  been 
very  successful  in  this  labor.  He  has  plenty  of  im- 
plements of  all  kinds  for  the  cultivation  of  the  farm, 
has  it  all  tilled,  fenced  and  bearing  the  fruits  of  the 
field,  while  a  good  house,  orchard  and  other  improve- 
ments are  in  evidence.  Mr.  Gillmore  is  a  member  of 
the  W.  of  W.  and  is  a  reliable  and  honorable  man,  who 
is  deserving  of  the  generous  approval  and  esteem  that 
are  bestowed  upon  him  from  his  fellows. 


JAMES  R.  LYDON.  Since  this  volume  is  pur- 
porting to  grant  consideration  to  the  leading  citizens  of 
Nez  Perces  county,  therefore  it  is  fitting  that  the  gen- 
tleman whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article  should 
be  mentioned  herein,  since  also  he  is  a  man  of  good 
standing,  uprightness  and  ability,  and  has  spent  most 
of  his  days  in  this  and  adjacent  counties.  James  R. 
was  born  in  San  Francisco,  on  November  15,  1865. 


270 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


He  was  elected  city  treasurer  in  1891,  and  that  and 
various  other  employments  occupied  him  until  1895, 
when  he  was  appointed  deputy  sheriff  under  his  broth- 
er, Harry  Lydon.  Two  years  later,  this  labor  being 
finished,  he  went  into  the  employ  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  and  continued  there  until 
1900,  when  the  people  called  him  to  act  as  county 
treasurer.  He  was  nominated  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  and  although  many  of  that  ticket  suffered  de- 
feat he  was  elected  by  a' handsome  majority.  Since 
January  i,  1901,  he  has  filled  that  office  with  credit  to 
himself  and  acceptability  to  the  constituency. 


OSCAR  B.  CHESLEY  is  one  of  the  later  settlers 
in  Nez  Perces  county,  but  he  is  a  pioneer  in  the  place 
where  he  now  resides,  having  come  to  Rock  Creek  and 
started  the  town  of  Chesley  in  1899.  He  established 
a  general  merchandise  store,  got  a  post  office  located, 
and  since  that  time  has  been  doing  a  good  business, 
and  in  addition  to  those  industries  mentioned  he  also 
operated  a  hotel.  Mr.  Chesley  is  a  man  of  ability  and 
enterprise,  and  has  shown  himself  a  valuable  citizen. 
In  political  matters  he  is  active,  always  taking  part  in 
the  affairs  of  state.  In  his  walk  he  is  a  man  of  integ- 
rity and  has  won  the  good  will  and  esteem  of  all  who 
have  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 

Oscar  B.  Chesley  was  born  in  Fond  du  Lac  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  March  15,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Israel 
and  Jemima  (Hendricks)  Chesley.  The  family  dates 
back  for  many  centuries  and  the  family  tree  is  without 
break  in  all  this  long  time.  The  Chesleys  were  always 
noted  in  the  military  actions  of  their  day  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  Indian  and  Colonial  wars. 

The  original  emigrant,  Philip  Chesley,  came  to 
America  from  Dover,  England,  and  was  among  the 
founders  of  Dover,  New  Hampshire,  in  1642.  The 
descendants  scattered  from  this  point,  and  in  1758 
Camuel  Chesley,  who  joined  the  colonial  forces,  went  to 
Halifax  and  the  following  year  settled  on  a  grant  of 
land  in  Nova  Scotia  allowed  for  military  services.  The 
father  of  our  subject  descended  from  this  branch  of  the 
family  and  was  born  at  Granville,  Nova  Scotia,  and  later 
emigrated  to  Canada,  finally  settling  on  his  new  farm 
at  Campbellsport,  Wisconsin,  in  1850,  where  he  still 
resides.  The  mother  of  Oscar  was  a  descendant  of 
the  early  Pennsylvanians  and  was  born  in  that  state; 
later  moved  to  Wisconsin,  where  she  was  married,  lived 
and  finally  died,  in  1900. 

Oscar 'was  educated  in  the  Fond  du  Lac  high  school 
and  then  taught  for  several  terms ;  in  1887  he  came  to 
the  Black  Hills  country,  South  Dakota,  and  settled  at 
Oelrichs,  where  he  edited  and  published  the  Oelrich's 
Times,  a  weekly  newspaper.  He  also  acquired  title 
to  over  four  hundred  acres  of  land  there,  which  he  still 
owns.  Mr.  Chesley  was  elected  clerk  of  courts  of 
Fall  River  county,  South  Dakota,  on  the  Republican 
ticket,  and  also  served  an  unexpired  term  of  another 

On  May  30,  1898,  near  Omaha,  Nebraska,  Mr. 
Chesley  married  Miss  Minnie  J.,  daughter  of  Charles 


G.  and  Louisa  (Roberts)  Laing.  The  father  came  tc 
the  country  where  Omaha  now  stands  when  there  were 
but  two  nouses,  and  he  fought  the  Indians  several 
times.  He  was  a  native  of  Canada,  of  Scotch  extrac- 
tion. The  mother  of  Mrs.  Chesley  was  born  in  Illinois. 
Mrs.  Chesley's  brothers  and  sisters  are  Prince  C,  Liz- 
zie Graham,'  and  Rose,  Cyrus,  Margaret,  Lena,  Kirk, 
at  home,  in  Springfield,  where  Mrs.  Chesley  was  born. 
Her  uncle  William  and  his  three  sons  were  killed  near 
Oberlin,  Kansas,  by  the  Indians.  Mr.  Chesley  has  two 
brothers,  Walter  \Y.  and  Arthur.  D.  Mr.  Chesley  is 
a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
while  he  and  his  wife  are  church  people.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  practice  of  land  law  in  South  Dakota. 
He  had  four  uncles  who  fought  for  the  Union,  and 
two  were  killed  in  battle,  one  died  before  he  came  out 
of  the  war  and  one  came  home  and  died  from  the 
effects  of  his  hardships.  Mr.  Chesley  is  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  his  section,  and  his  ability  in  business 
matters,  his  careful  management  of  the  affairs  of  life 
entitle  him  justly  to  this  position.  In  the  fall  of  1902 
Mr.  Chesley  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  to  the 
office  of  probate  judge. 


CAPTAIN  LOUIS  D.  SCHATTNER  is  one  of 
the  veterans  of  the  Philippine  struggle,  being  captain 
of  Company  B,  First  Idaho  Infantry.  His  company 
was  detailed  for  the  service  of  the  Philippines  and  he 
was  active  in  the  battle  of  Manila.  Shortly  after  this 
he  was  taken  sick  and  was  sent  home  after  serving 
there  for  eleven  months. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Germany, 
on  October  i,  1858,  being  the  son  of  David  A.  and 
Ursula  (Kast)  Schattner.  The  father  was  a  highly 
educated  gentleman,  was  in  the  military  in  Germany, 
was  born  on  January  6,  1833,  and  died  in  1895.  He 
held  the  permanent  position  of  foreman  of  the  grand 
jury  and  was  a  prominent  and  highly  esteemed  man. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  also, 
in  1836,  and  died  in  1872,  being  a  thoroughly  educated 
lady  of  distinction.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the 
high  school  of  his  native  place,  and  then  graduated 
from  the  Polytechnic  schools.  He  came  to  America 
in  1873  and  soon  established  himself  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness in  Baltimore,  but  later  went  to  Texas,  following 
the  same  business.  Soon  after  we  see  him  in  Butte. 
Montana,  mining.  He  next  enlisted  in  the  regular 
army,  Company  G,  First  Cavalry.  For  ten  years  he 
served  in  the  western  department.  He  was  engaged 
in  the  Nez  Perce  war,  with  the  Bannocks  and  the 
Sheepeaters,  the  latter  on  the  Salmon  river.  After  his 
honorable  discharge  he  went  to  Billings.  Montana, 
and  then  to  Spokane,  Washington,  and  later  opened  a 
drug  business  in  Kendrick.  After  the  fire  there  he 
established  himself  in  Leland  and  was  there  appointed 
postmaster.  It  was  1895  that  he  came  to  Lewiston ; 
then  again  we  find  him  in  Montana,  in  the  drug  busi- 
nes.  After  his  return  from  the  Spanish-Philippine 
war  he  went  to  Lewiston  and  opened  a  drug  store, 
which,  however,  he  recently  sold.' 'and  is  now  engaged 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


271 


in  life  insurance.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  our 
subject  are  Katherine,  Fredericka,  Richard  A.,  Rosa, 
Marie,  all  in  Germany.  The  children  of  Mr.  Schatt- 
ner  are  named  as  follows:  Gretchen  and  Guy  W. 
Mr.  Schattner  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason  and  in 
politics  a  Republican.  He  has  never  accepted  nomina- 
tion, but  has  always  worked  faithfully  for  the  election 
of  the  other  good  men.  He  has  property  in  Lewiston 
and  in  Leland.  On  July  25,  1902,  he  was  appointed 
United  States  deputy  marshal,  by  ( Marshal'  " 
Rounds. 


ALFRED  \V.  KROUTINGER.  This  well  known 
and  representative  business  man  and  financier  of  Nez 
Perces  county  is  today  holding  one  of  the  most  re- 
sponsible offices  within  the  gift  of  the  people  of  the 
county,  that  of  sheriff,  and  he  is  discharging  the  duties 
thus  incumbent  upon  him  with  efficiency  and  a  display 
of  uprightness  and  wisdom. 

Alfred  W.  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  on  July 
29.  1859,  being  the  son  of  Adolph  W.  and  Anna"  W. 
(Jacobs)  Kroutinger.  The  father  was  a  major  in  the 
regular  army  for  thirty-five  years;  was  born  in  1830 
and  died  in  Idaho  county,  Idaho,  in  1893.  His  an- 
cestors were  military  men  in  Germany ;  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  enlisted  in  the  army  and  was  retired  in 
1889.  The  mother  was  born  in  England  on  March  3, 
1842,  and  came  to  the  L'nited  States  in  infancy.  Al- 
fred was  educated  in  the  Chickering  Institute, 'in  Cin- 
cinnati, and  the  Washington  University,  in  St.  Louis. 
In  1877,  when  our  subject  was  twenty  years  of  age,  he 
came  with  his  father,  who  had  been  ordered  to  quell 
the  Nez  Perces,  to  central  Idaho.  He  at  once  began 
bookkeeping  for  John  P.  Vollmer  &  Company.  Sev- 
eral years  were  spent  in  this  labor  and  then  he  was 
selected  as  cashier  for  the  First  National  Bank  in 
Lewiston,  and  was  later  appointed  receiver  in  the 
United  States  land  office  by  President  Cleveland,  and 
served  from  1892  to  1806.  He  was  also  deputy  auditor 
and  recorder  from  1884  to  1888,  and  the  last  two  years 
of  this  period  he  was  city  treasurer.  In  1896  he  acted 
as  practicing  attorney  before  the  United  States  land 
office  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  1900.  when 
he  received  the  nomination  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for 
sheriff  of  Nez  Perces  county,  and  was  elected.  He  is 
still  filling  that  office  in  a  creditable  manner. 

On  May  3,  1881,  in  Lewiston,  Mr.  Kroutinger  was 
married  to  Miss  Anna  E.  Vollmer,  a  sister  of  John  P. 
Vollmer,  who  had  raised  this  sister  after  the  death  of 
her  parents.  Mrs.  Kroutinger  was  born  on  November 
II,  1864,  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana;  her  brother  and 
sister  are  as  follows :  J.  P.  Vollmer  and  Mrs  Corine 
Truscott.  Mr.  Kroutinger  has  no  brothers  or  sisters. 
Our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  have  become  the 
parents  of  one  child,  Anna  L.,  who  was  nineteen  years 
of  age  on  January  15,  1902,  is  a  graduate  of  the  high 
school  at  Lewiston.  and  a  very  proficient  musician. 
Mr.  Kroutinger  is  a  member  of  the  Masons,  Scottish 
Rite  Chapter,  and  has  taken  all  the  degrees  in  that 
order  but  one.  He  and  his  family  affiliate  with  the 
Episcopal  church.  Mr.  Kroutinger  is  active  in  poli- 


tics and  is  also  a  vigilant  business  man.  He  is  in 
partnership  with  B.  F.  Morris,  one  of  the  best  known 
men  in  Idaho,  and  they  handle  considerable  real 
estate. 


JOHN  F.  POWERS  has  been  a  resident  of  Nez 
Perces  county  since  February  5,  1902,  at  which  date 
he  purchased  his  present  farm,  four  miles  southwest 
from  Melrose.  But  he  has  lived  in  the  west  all  of  his 
life,  and  a  large  portion  has  been  spent  in  the  vicinity 
of  Nez  Perces  county.  He  was  born  in  Saltese  Junc- 
tion, Washington,  on  December  19,  1874,  being  the  son 
of  William  L.  and  Rebecca  (Davis)  Powers.  The 
father  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Illinois,  in  1842,  and 
now  lives  on  the  Sound.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Iowa  in  1844.  In  1853  the  father  came  to  the  Will- 
amette vallev  and  seventeen  years  later  removed  with 
his  family  to  Saltese,  in  the  Palouse  country.  Our 
subject  was  born  there,  being  the  first  white  child  born 
in  the  northern  part  of  Whitman  county.  The  father 
did  merchandising  and  was  one  of  the  most  successful 
salesmen  in  the  entire  eastern  part  of  the  state.  He 
and  his  brother,  John  G.  Powers,  now  of  Palouse  City, 
were  wealthy  and  influential  merchants  and  were  part- 
ners for  years.  The  father  retired  from  the  store  and 
dealt  in  timber  and  later  went  into  the  stock  business 
extensively.  In  1896  he  sold  out  and  went  to  southern 
California  for  his  health.  Our  subject  remained  at 
home  in  attendance  at  school  and  assisting  his  father 
until  of  age,  and  then  started  for  himself.  He  went 
to  southern  California  with  his  father,  but  after  three 
years  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Diego  and  tiring  of  the 
country,  he  returned  and  settled  in  Palouse.  Later 
he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county,  as  noted  above.  • 

On  June  5,  1895,  Mr.  Powers  married  Miss  Mary 
Bures,  in  Palouse.  Her  parents  died  when  she  was 
an  infant.  Mrs.  Powers  was  born  in  Bohemia,  on 
September  22,  1874,  and  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1878.  She  has  one  brother,  Benjamin  Bures,  in 
Spokane.  Mr.  Powers  has  one  sister  and  three  broth- 
ers,—Benjamin,  Clifford,  William  and  Annie  Kincaid. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Powers  there  have  been  born  two 
children,  Delmar  and  Nelson.  Mr.  Powers  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  of  W.  In  political  affairs  he  is  an 
active  Republican,  attending  the  conventions  and 
caucuses.  He  has  been  clerk  of  the  school  board  for 
some  time  and  he  is  always  on  record  for  good  schools 
and  the  betterment  of  educational  facilities. 


WILLIAM  C.  WAIDE  was  a  stanch  supporter  of 
the  flag  in  the  time  of  internal  strife  and  did  valiant 
service  in  this  capacity.  He  has  since  proved  himself 
as  worthy  in  civil  life  and  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous 
farmers  on  Central  ridge,  being  about  nine  miles  south- 
east from  Peck. 

William  C.  Waide  was  born  in  Mason  county,  West 
Virginia,  on  December  22.  184  }.  being  the  son  of  Sam- 
uel and  Mary  (Greenlee)  Waide.  He  was  reared  on 
a  farm  and  educated  in  the  lo^  cabin  school  houses  of 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


that  day,  and  when  the  war  was  at  its  height  he  en- 
listed in  Company  I,  Ninth  West  Virginia  Volunteers. 
His  father  had  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  also,  but  was 
obliged  to  retire  from  active  service  on  account  of  his 
advanced  age.  He  was  a  colonel  in  the  state  militia. 
Our  subject  started  his  military  career  on  February 
25,  1864,  and  fought  at  Clyde  Mountain,  Winchester, 
Lynchburg,  Fisher  Hill,  Charlotstown  and  was  al- 
most constantly  in  action  all  the  time  he  served.  He 
was  in  the  Eighth  Corps  under  General  Crook  and 
later  under  General  Sheridan.  He  was  captured  three 
different  times,  but  was  not  in  prison.  He  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war  and  was  then  honorably  dis- 
charged to  return  to  quiet  life  in  his  native  place.  He 
farmed  for  a  time  there  and  then  moved  to  Lawrence 
county,  Ohio,  where  he  married  Miss  Rebecca  Suiter, 
on  February  29,  1867.  Her  parents  were  William  and 
Martha  Suiter.  Mr.  Waide  removed  to  Miami  county, 
Ohio,  in  1870,  and  in  1885  he  came  to  Portland  and 
farmed  close  to  that  city  for  a  decade  and  more.  He 
sold  his  farm  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  there 
in  1898  and  came  to  his  present  location,  which  he 
secured  as  a  homestead.  He  has  good  improvements, 
raises  general  crops  and  some  stock  and  is  on  the  list 
of  the  prosperous  farmers  of  his  section.  He  and 
his  estimable  wife,  are  members  of  the  German  Baptist 
church  and  are  devout  in  the  path  of  the  faith  they 
have  espoused.  Eight  children  have  been  born  to 
this  household,  named  as  follows :  Mrs.  Martha  Pope, 
of  Eutte,  Montana  ;  Mrs.  Dora  Day,  of  near  Southwick  ; 
John  F.,  at  home;  William  N.,  near  Russell,  Idaho; 
Mrs.  Emma  Bashor,  in  this  county:  Charles  E.,  oi 
Yamhill  county,  Oregon;  Mrs.  Ida  Hackett,  near 
Steele ;  and  Mary  A. 


h'aph,  and 
ng  and  an 

:nce  county, 


JAMES  H.  WANN.  Among  the  capable  and 
successful  business  men  of  Nez  Perces  county  we 
are  constrained  by  force  of  right  to  mention  this  gen- 
tleman, whose  name  initiates  this  ] 
who  is  well  known  as  a  merchant  at  S 
orchardist. 

James  H.  Wann  was  born  in  La1 
Missouri,  on  November  II,  1849,  being  the 
Daniel  and  Sarah  J.  (Hague)  Wann.  The  father 
was  a  farmer,  born  in  Tennessee,  in  1815  and  died 
in  1850.  He  was  one  of  the  very  first  settlers  in 

sioner  and  chairman  of  that  body.  The  mother  was 
born  while  her  parents  were  crossing  the  ocean  from 
Scotland  to  the  United  States,  in  1818.  Her  parents 
were  both  Scotch,  the  father  being  born  in  Edin- 
burgh, a  descendant  of  highlanders  of  note,  and  him- 
self being  a  graduate  of  Edinburgh  University.  Our 
subject  remained  at  home  until  of  age.  The  mother 
came  to  Cass  county  in  1856  and  to  Kansas  City  in 
1862,  she  having  married  a  second  time  a  gentleman 
by  the  name  of  A.  J.  Farmer.  At  the  time  of  his 
majority,  James  went  into  the  mercantile  bus- 
iness with  his  brother,  Dr.  J.  B.  Wann,  in  Lawrence 
county.  Ten  years  were  spent  there  and  then  he  went 
to  Halltown  and  started  a  store  and  a  drug 


store  in  Mt.  Vernon.  In  1881  he  sold  the 
entire  business  interests  there  and  came  west 
and  in  company  with  his  brother  he  went  to 
farming  extensively  in  Garfield  county,  Washing- 
ton. Later  our  subject  w^nt  to  Pataha  and  em- 
barked in  the  hardware  business  on  his  own  respon- 
sibility. He  did  well  and  remained  there  until  1887, 
when  in  October  of  that  year  he  went  to  Camas  prai- 
rie. He  took  up  the  mercantile  business  there  and 
in  the  fall  of  1892  he  was  elected  county  assessor  and 
tax  collector  of  Idaho  county  on  the  Democratic 
ticket.  From  1888  to  1896  he  was  engaged  in  raising; 
sheep  and  cattle,  which  he  sold  and  bought  a  fruit 
ranch  in  the  vicinity  of  Spalding.  He  now  handles 
this  in  connection  with  a  general  merchandise  store 
and  assistant  postmaster. 

In  1871  Mr.  Wann  married  Miss  Sarah  F.  Neil, 
in  Greene  county,  Missouri.  Her  parents,  Benjamin 
A.,  and  Nancy  (Wallace)  Neil,  were  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee and  the  mother  of  Scotch  extraction.  Mrs. 
Wann  has  one  sister  and  three  brothers,  named  as 
follows:  B.  G.  Neil,  Prior,  David  B.,  Jane  West.  Mr. 
Wann  has  two  brothers,  John  B.,  a  physician  in  Mis- 
souri; Daniel  J.,  at  Pullman,  Washington.  The  fol- 
lowing children  are  the  fruit  of  this  marriage :  Charles 
A.,  merchant  at  Mohler,  Idaho ;  William  D.,  at  home ; 
Loren  B.,  in  Culdesac;  Delia  O'Conner,  in  Spokane; 
James  Norman,  at  home.  Mr.  Wann  is  a  Mason, 
having  taken  the  highest  degree  obtainable.  He  is  a 
notary  public,  handles  cattle  in  addition  to  his  other 
labors  and  is  an  active  Democrat,  and  good  man.  His 
brother,  William  M.,  was  killed  in  the  Civil  war. 


WILLIAM  M.  EVANS.  At  Willola,  in  Nez 
Perces  county,  is  located  the  enterprising  gentleman 
mentioned  above,  and  there  he  is  the  present  incum- 
bent of  the  postoffice,  does  a  general  merchandise  busi- 
ness and  handles  a  ferry,  the  last  two  industries  in 
partnership  with  his  brother-in-law,  Charles  W. 
Wright. 

William  M.  Evans  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Ore- 
gon, in  1867  and  remained  with  his  parents  until 
1886.  Being  then  about  nineteen,  he  started  for  him- 
self and  various  employments  engaged  him  for  two 
years.  Then  stirred  by  the  tales  of  wealth  in  the 
British  Columbia  regions,  he  mined  two  years  in  the 
vicinity  of  Nanaimo.  After  this  venture  he  was 
employed  for  some  time  in  railroading  and  bridge 
construction.  In  1893  he  made  his  way  to  Juliaetta, 
hired  land  from  his  brother,  mention  of  whom  is 
made  in  another  portion  of  this  volume,  and  there 
farmed  for  three  years.  At  that  time,  the  reservation 
was  opened  and  he  came  to  his  present  placed  and  filed 
on  a  quarter  section.  In  connection  with  his  brother, 
Mr.  Evans  built  roads  for  the  ferry  which  they  op- 
erated and  later  he  bought  the  ferry  from  his  brother 
and  is  still  operating  it.  In  addition  to  this  and  the 
merchandise  mentioned  above,  Mr.  Evans  has  been- 
busy  in  the  sawmill  business,  erecting  the  first  mill  on- 
the  reservation.  Two  years  he  devoted  time  and  en- 


JAMES  H.  WANN. 


WILLIAM  M.  EVANS. 


MRS.  WILLIAM  M.  EVANS. 


MRS.  CHARLES  W.  WRIGHT.  CHARLES  W.  WRIGHT. 


JESSE  H.  FANSLER. 


BERTRAM  W.  TEFFT.  MRS.  BERTRAM  W.  TEFFT. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


273 


ergy  to  t 
the  custc 
tempts. 


industry  and  made  a  success  of  it  as  is 
of  Mr.   Evans  in  any  line  that   he  at- 


On  August  3,  1894,  Mr.  Evans  married  Miss 
Minnie  M.  Wright,  daughter  of  William  A.  and  Ella 
(Emrick)  Wright,  of  Dublin,  this  county.  Mrs. 
Evans  was  born  in  Columbia  county,  Washington,  on 
December  19,  1878.  To  this  happy  union  there  have 
been  born  three  children.  Lola,  Willie  and  Henry. 

Mr.  Evans  and  his  gracious  wife  are  among  the 
most  valuable  additions  to  society  in  this  section. 
They  are  highly  respected  people,  and  the  business 
ability,  integrity,  energy  and  wisdom  manifested  by 
Mr.  Evans  have  given  him  a  place  of  influence  and 
prestige,  while  he  has  also  gained  a  gratifying  success 

In  politics,  Mr.  Evans  is  a  Republican  and  is  an 
active  worker  in  the  county  conventions,  and  always 
stands  by  his  convictions.  The  postoffice  was  named 
for  his  two  children,  Willie  and  Lola. 


CHARLES  W.  WRIGHT.  The  stirring  and  ge- 
nial young  man  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this  article 
is  one  of  the  successful  business  men  of  the  reserva- 
tion portion  of  Nez  Perces  county,  being  now  equal 
partner  in  the  mercantile  and  ferry  business  owned 
by  Evans  &  Wright  at  Willola. 

Charles  W.  Wright  was  born  in  January  2,  1874, 
being  the  son  of  William  A.  and  Ella  (Emerick) 
Wright,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Washington  county,  Ore- 
gon, respectively.  They  now  live  at  Dublin,  this 
county.  Our  subject  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  Harry  S. /Henrietta,  deceased,  wife  of  Robert 
Hall,  of  Latah  county,  who  had  two  children,  Roy  E. 
and  Vera ;  Earl,  '  with  parents ;  Myrtle,  wife 
of  William  Evans ;  and  Cora,  wife  of  Oliver  Anderson 
of  this  county.  He  has  also  one  adopted  sister,  May, 
with  his  parents.  Charles  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  in  Dayton,  Washington,  graduating  at  the  age 
of  nineteen.  Then  he  farmed  for  a  time  and  in  1894, 
came  to  the  reservation  and  rented  Indian  land,  hand- 
ling three  hundred  acres  for  three  years.  After  this 
he  located  a  homestead  sevn  miles  west  from  the  town 
of  Nezperce  and  that  was  the  scene  of  his  labors  until 
1902,  when  he  sold  out  and  after  a  visit  to  Washing- 
ton, he  returned  to  the  county  and  purchased  a  half 
interest  in  Mr.  Evans'  business  at  Willola,  where  we 
find  Mr.  Wright  at  this  time  rapidly  building  up  a 
good  patronage.  His  skill,  good  judgment,  business 
tact  and  kind  and  pleasant  ways  have  added  strength 
to  the  firm  and  the  partners  are  now  the  recipients  of 
a  first-class  patronage. 

On  September  30,  1893,  Mr.  Wright  married  Miss 
Annie,  daughter  of  Elijah  and  Minerva  (Farris)  Da- 
vidson, pioneers  of  Oregon.  Mrs.  Wright  was  born 
in  Josephine  county,  Oregon.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  them,  Charles  R.,  Jesse  J.,  Levina  A.  and 
an  infant.  Mrs.  Wright  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters :  Winter  L.,  in  Bandon,  Oregon ;  Summer, 
in  Culdesac;  Thomas  B.,  at  Bandon,  Oregon;  Frank 


F.,  at  Grants  Pass,  Oregon ;  Pearl,  single,  living  with 
her  parents.  Mr.  Wright  is  a  member  of  Phinney 
Camp  No.  492,,  of  the  W.  W.  at  Fletcher.  He  and  his 
wife  also  belong  to  the  auxiliary.  Mr.  Wright  is  a 
Republican  in  political  matters,  but  is  not  desirous  of 
personal  preferment. 

Mr.  Wright's  eldest  son  had  eleven  grandparents 
at  one  time  and  was  the  fourth  generation  living. 


JESSE  H.  FANSLER  was  born  in  Randolph 
county,  West  Virginia,  on  April  25,  1849.  This 
was  later  Tucker  county,  West  Virginia.  He  was 
reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  his  native  place, 
where  he  remained  until  1887.  Then  came  a  journey 
to  eastern  Tennessee  and  Mr.  Fansler  farmed  there 
for  two  years.  After  this  he  went  to  Knoxville,  Ten- 
nessee, and  acted  as  salesman  for  a  furniture  house, 
then  was  with  the  Eureka  soap  company  for  a  time. 
He  left  Knoxville  in  May,  1892,  and  landed  in  Lewis- 
ton  on  June  6.  He  engaged  with  his  brother  in  cut- 
ting cord  wood  and  then  went  at  the  business  him- 
self and  also  took  his  present  place  as  a  homestead. 
This  was  in  1897  and  since  then  it  has  been  the  fam- 
ily home. 

In  Randolph,  West  Virginia,  in  1879,  Mr.  Fansler 
married  Miss  Amanda  Roy,  a  native  of  Virginia. 
Eight  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  Camden 
B.,  Zadie.  Zernie,  Manning  G.,  Jessie,  Roy,  Golden, 
William  T.  On  Mav  10,  1900,  Zadie  married  Charles 
C.  Miles. 

The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject,  Henry 
Fansler,  was  a  drummer  boy  in  the  Revolution.  He 
later  married  Miss  Stone,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
Their  son,  named  Solomon,  was  born  in  1800  in  Ran- 
dolph county,  Virginia,  and  married  Miss  Flanagan,  a 
native  of  the  same  county,  and  they  became  the  pa- 
rents of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The  mother's  an- 
cestors were  among  the  first  settlers  in  New  Jersey. 
Mr.  Fansler  is  at  the  present  time  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  at  Webb,  Idaho. 


BERTRAM  W.  TEFFT.  The  thrifty  farmer 
and  stockman,  who  is  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this 
article,  is  one  of  the  builders  of  the  reservation  coun- 
try, having  taken  his  present  home  place  about  two 
miles  northwest  from  Morrow  at  the  opening  of  the 
section  to  settlement.  He  has  persevered  here  in  the 
good  work  of  improvement  and  is  now  a  leading  man 
of  the  section. 

Bertram  W.  Tefft  was  born  in  Elgin,  Illinois,  on 
December  2,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  W.  and 
Emily  (Jolls)  Tefft.  The  mother  was  born  in  Elgin 
and  died  about  1868.  The  father  was  born  in  New 
York  state  on  October  30,  1824.  He  went  to  Califor- 
nia in  1849,  when  he  went  to  Elgin.  He  filled  the 
office  of  chief  of  police  there  and  was  in  Company  A, 
One  Hundred  and  Forty-First  Illinois  Infantry 'and 
now  lives  in  Elgin.  Our  subject  received  an  academic 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


education,  and  when  nineteen  came  to  Nez  Perces 
county  and  settled  on  unsurveyed  land  and  proved  up 
later.  He  took  his  present  place  at  the  opening  of 
the  reservation  and  has  now  a  fine  six-room  residence, 
a  first-class  barn,  and  other  improvements  to  match. 
He  was  here  when  there  were  but  four  votes  cast  in 
his  precinct,  thus  being  a  real  pioneer  in  this  section. 
On  this  prairie,  on  June  22,  1892,  Mr.  Tefft  mar- 
ried Miss  Catherine,  daughter  of  Lemuel  and  Sarah 
A.  Hendrickson,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1843.  Mrs. 
Tefft's  uncle,  Milton  Doan,  was  the  first  white  child 
born  in  Multnomah  county.  Her  father  died  in  the 
Potlatch  country  in  1887  and  her  mother  died  May  16, 
1901.  Mr.  Tefft  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters. Harvey  W.,  Albert  P.  and  Emma  Mead.  Mr. 
Tefft  has  brothers  and  sisters  named  as  follows :  Mar- 
garet Slaven,  William,  Elizabeth  Miller,  Grace  Sharp, 
Mary  Park,  Nellie  Stevens,  Benjamin.  Five  children 
have  been  born  to  this  couple,  Victor,  Evelyn,  Ruth, 
Loris  and  Ray.  Mr.  Tefft  is  a  Democrat  and  a  pro- 
gressive and  public-minded  man,  well  liked  and  of 
good  standing. 


JACOB  N.  GWIN  is  a  man  of  stirring  activity 
and  integrity,  and  has  made  a  good  name  for  himself 
in  Nez  Perces  county  and  adjacent  sections ;  he  is  de- 
serving of  consideration  in  the  volume  that  mentions 
the  leading  men  of  the  county.  He  was  born  in 
Washington  county,  Tennessee,  on  March  4,  1853, 
being  the  son  of  James  K.  and  Mary  A.  (Whistler) 
Gwin.  The  father  was  of  Welsh,  extraction,  was  born 
in  Tennessee  and  died  in  1874,  having  wrought  at  till- 
ing the  soil.  The  mother  was  born  in  Tennessee,  in 
1824,  and  now  lives  in  this  county.  Her  father,  Jacob 
Whistler,  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  her  mother,  a 
Miss  Swecker,  was  a  native  of  that  state  also.  The 
Swecker  family  were  pioneers  of  Virginia,  and  some  of 
its  members  were  massacred  by  the  Indians.  Mr. 
Whistler  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-five  and  his  wife  was 
eighty-seven  when  she  passed  away.  Our  subject  re- 
mained at  home  working  on  the  farm  and  gaining  a 
good  education,  both  from  the  public  schools  and 
Washington  College,  until  manhood's  estate.  At  twen- 
ty he  came  to  Trinidad.  Colorado,  with  his  parents. 
There  he  was  interested  in  carpentry.  They  made  the 
trip  from  Kit  Carson,  Colorado,  to  that  city  with  Mexi- 
can freight  outfits.  Trinidad  was  his  home  until  1883  ; 
during  that  time  he  had  taught  school  and  been  inter- 
ested in  various  businesses.  Then  he  came  to  Wash- 
ington, settling  near  Dixie,  where  he  assisted  in  thresh- 
ing wheat  that  yielded  forty  bushels  per  acre  without 
rain  after  May  12.  He  taught  school  after  settling 
there,  then  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Garfield,  and 
later  came  to  Moscow  to  educate  his  children.  There 
he  was  chosen  to  preach  in  the  German  Baptist  de- 
nomination, and  at  this  he  labored  faithfully  for  some 
years,  also  doing  carpenter  work.  In  1896,  on  account 
of  bronchial  trouble,  he  went  to  Ashland,  Oregon,  with 
team,  where  he  found  relief.  Three  years  were  spent 
there  and  then  he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  bought 
land.  On  the  election  of  Mr.  B.  F.  Bashor  to  the 


n   1902,  our  subject  be- 
i  that  capacity  now  and 


and  Miss  Margaret  J., 
(Arnold)    Ne:  ' 


assessorship  of  the  county,  i 
came  deputy,  and  is  acting  i 
giving  general  satisfaction. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Gwii 
daughter   of  Jacob   and   Ann; 

solemnized  in  Tennessee  on  January  5,  1881,  by  J.  B. 
Pence.  They  have  the  following  children :  Ethel  A.. 
Laura  M.,  Dora  A.,  Emma  J.,  Edgar  J.,  deceased, 
Bertha  A.,  Lois,  deceased.  Mrs.  Gwin  was  born 
in  Washington  county,  Tennessee,  on  December 
16,  1854,  was  educated  there  and  taught  school. 
Her  father  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1829  and  died 
in  1862,  while  her  mother  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  1828  and  died  in  Tennessee  in  1880.  Mrs. 
Gwin  had  three  uncles  in  the  Confederate  army. 
Her  brothers  are  deceased  and  are  named  as  fol- 
lows: James,  Benjamin  and  Jacob;  and  one  sister, 
Cornelia  Hopkins,  who  lives  at  Dayton,  Washing- 
ton, and  two — Mary  and  Rebecca— are  deceased. 
Mr.  Gwin  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows: 
Phoebe  I.  Sipe,  Mary  T.  Bashor,  Joseph  A.,  James  F., 
Margaret  E.  Boyles,  Emma  M.  Whitney.  Mr.  and 
Airs.  Gwin  are  members  of  the  German  Baptist  Breth- 
ren church  and  are  devout  supporters  of  their  faith. 
They  have  a  good  ranch  in  Nez  Perces  county  and 
have  raised  as  high  as  eighty-six  and  one-half  bushels 
of  grain  per  acre. 


FRED  RUCHERT  is  one  of  the  sturdy  and  enter- 
prising men  whose  nativity  is  in  the  Fatherland,  but 
whose  spirit  and  energy  have  led  to  this  prosperous 
country.  His  estate  lies  two  and  one-half  miles  east 
from  Lapwai  and  he  is  numbered  with  the  substantial 
and  reliable  men  of  the  community. 

Fred  Ruchert  was  born  in  Prussia,  on  July  15, 
1842,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and  Minnie  (Croppe) 
Ruchert.  The  father  was  a  carpenter,  born  in  Prussia 
in  1801,  and  died  in  1874.  He  was  in  the  German 
army.  The  mother  was  born  in  1808,  and  died  in 
1873.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his 
owii  country  and  then  farmed  there  until  1872.  At 
that  time  he'  decided  to  come  to  the  United  States  and 
.accordingly  we  see  him  in  Door  county,  Wisconsin, 
soon  working  with  his  brother  in  the  timber.  He 
bought  a  piece  of  land  the  second  year,  cleared  it  and 
settled  to  farming  there  for  fourteen  years.  Then 
he  sold  out  and  came  to  Wallowa  county,  Oregon,  pay- 
ing attention  to  farming  there  also.  Later  he  was 
in  the  Grande  Ronde  valley  and  there  farmed  and 
raised  stock  until  1898.  He  sold  again  and  settled 
next  time  in  Anatone,  Asotin  county,  Washington. 
He  did  well  in  the  stock  business  there  until  he  was 
burned  out  by  some  jealous  companies.  Then  he  was 
forced  to  leave  that  section  and  purchased  land  in  Nez 
Perces  county  as  mentioned  above. 

In  Germany,  on  October  2,  1872,  Mr.  Ruchert 
married  Miss  Minnie,  daughter  of  John  and  Minnie 
Grabbart.  and  the  next  day  they  started  for  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Grabbart  was  an  attendant  on  a  wealthy 
duke  in  Germany.  Mrs.  Ruchert  was  born  in  Ger- 
many in  1840,  and  has  one  brother  and  three  sisters, — 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


275 


Morris,  Karalina,  Austina  and  a  baby.  Mr.  Ruchcrt 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Theodore, 
who  participated  in  the  Danish,  Austrian  and  Prussian 
war  in  1864,  in  the  Austro-Prussian  war  of  1866  and 
the  Franco-Prussian  war  in  1870-72;  Charlie,  Christ 
and  Sophia.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ruchert  there  have  been 
born  eight  children,— Frank,  Lizzie,  Albert,  Otto,  Ed- 
die, Emma,  Henry  and  William.  Mr.  Ruchert  was  in 
the  Austro-Prussian  war.  In  political  matters  he  is 
allied  with  the  Republicans  and  always  takes  an  intelli- 
gent interest  in  political  matters.  He  and  his  family 
are  adherents  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


ARTHUR  SKELTON.  This  young  and  indus- 
trious farmer  resides  five  miles  southeast  from  Peck, 
on  a  quarter  section  that  he  secured  by  his  homestead 
right,  filing  on  it  in  January,  1897.  Since  that  time 
Mr.  Skelton  has  devoted  himself  to  its  culture  and 
improvement,  and  he  has  a  good  farm  and  tills  it  in  a 
skillful  manner. 

Arthur  Skelton  was  born  in  Calhoun  county,  Ala- 
bama, on  Tune  5,  1872,  being  the  son  of  James  J.  and 
Mattie  J.  "(Stewart)  Skelton,  natives,  respectively,  of 
Calhoun  county  and  St.  Clair  county,  Alabama.  They 
were  married  in  the  latter  county  and  resided  in  the 
former,  where  Mr.  Skelton  was  a  furniture  dealer  and 
also  county  treasurer.  He  served  in  the  Civil  war, 
all  through.  The  grandfather,  Stewart,  of  our  subject, 
was  a  general  in  the  Confederate  army.  Arthur  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  the  state  normal  at 
Jacksonville,  and  in  1892  he  went  west  to  Texas  and 
Colorado.  The  following  year  we  find  him  in  Walla 
Walla,  then  later  in  Colfax,  and  soon  in  Pierce  City, 
where  he  sought  the  smiles  of  fortune  in  mining  labors. 
Later  Mr.  Skelton  visited  Lewiston  and  afterwards 
settled  in  the  Potlatch  country  until  the  date  mentioned, 
when  he  came  and  secured  his  present  home  place. 

On  October  14,  1896,  Mr.  Skelton  married  Miss 
Mary  E.,  daughter  of  James  V.  and  Elva  V.  Cotter, 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Pennsylvania.  They 
came  to  Latah  county  in  1888,  and  Mr.'  Cotter  died  in 
1894,  but  his  widow  is  still  living,  making  her  home 
in  Nez  Perces  county.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Skelton,  Daphne  1.,  born  December  11, 
1898.  Mrs.  Skelton  was  born  in  Isabella  county. 
Michigan,  on  April  8,  1876.  This  young  couple  have 
done  well  in  this  county,  are  highly  respected  and  are 
always  found  allied  on  the  side  of  good  government, 
progression  and  sound  principles,  being  possessed  of 
admirable  integrity,  affability  and  wisdom,  which 
bring"  to  them  the  good  will  and  approval  of  all. 


WILLIAM  B.  REESE.  From  a  worthy  family  of 
excellent  quality  came  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  a  pop- 
ular and  esteemed  citizen  of  Nez  Perces  county.  Dr. 
Reese  is  one  of  the  talented  and  leading  professional 
men  of  the  county  and  has  achieved  distinction  in  differ- 
ent lines  of  enterprise,  ever  manifesting  the  happy 


qualifications  of  which  he  is  richly  possessed,  and  dis- 
playing uprightness  and  integrity  in  all  his  ways. 

Mr.  Reese  was  born  in  Hendersonville,  North  Caro- 
lina, on  February  4,  1849,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Margaret  C.  (Plumblee)  Reese.  The  father  was 
born  in  North  Carolina  in  1807,  and  was  a  carriage 
maker.  While  he  owned  slaves,  he  never  would  buy 
or  sell  them.  He  was  of  French  and  Welsh  extrac- 
tion and  died  in  1884  with  pneumonia.  His  father 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  North  Caroline  in  1815  and  died 
in  1890.  William  E.  remained  with  his  parents  until 
of  age,  gaining  a  good  education  and  being  employed 
with'  his  father.  At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Methodist  conference  and  was  a  trav- 
eling minister  for  seven  years.  At  the  end  of  that 
time  he  was  forced  to  abandon  his  calling  on  account 
of  throat  trouble.  He  immediately  went  to  studying 
medicine  and  graduated  from  the  Vanderbilt  Uni- 
versity in  1882,  then  went  to  practicing  medicine  in 
Mitchell  county  and  five  years  later,  when  his  father 
died,  he  went  to  the  old  home  to  care  for  his  mother, 
and  there  practiced  for  two  years;  then  he  went  to 
New  York  city  and  took  a  post  graduate  course  in  the 
Polyclinic  hospital.  He  then  closed  his  business  in 
the  south  and  came  to  Genesee,  Latah  county,  arriving 
there  in  April,  1891.  Three  years  were  spent  there 
in  successful  practice,  and  then  a  move  was  made  to 
Leland,  where  we  find  him  in  his  profession  until 
1900,  when  the  people  called  him  to  act  as  probate 
judge  of  Nez  Perces  county.  The  election  was  a  stub- 
bornly fought  contest,  he  being  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  but  as  he  was  not  a  strong  partisan  he  received 
mirch  Republican  support.  He  is  now  in  the  city  of 
Lewiston  and  fulfilling  the  duties  of  that  important 
office  with  credit  and  distinction. 

The  marriage  of  Dr.  Reese  and  Miss  Anna,  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  Andrew  and  Lucinda  (Phillips)  Robert- 
son, was  solemnized  on  February  6,  1888,  in  Chat- 
tanooga, Tennessee,  and  three  children  have  been  born 

Willie,  at  home.  Mrs.  Reese  was  born  in  Georgia 
and  her  father  in  the  same  state,  while  her  mother  was 
born  in  North  Carolina.  The  father  was  a  Methodist 
minister,  and  his  father  was  also  a  minister  in  that 
church,  and  died  in  his  eighty-fourth  year,  having 
been  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  Mrs.  Reese's  grand- 
father Phillip  was  born  in  1788,  died  in  1889,  and  his 
wife  also  lived  to  a  good  age.  This  veteran  was  mar- 
ried without  a  dollar,  became  the  father  of  eighteen 
children,  left  them  each  a  farm  and  died  with  plenty 
himself.  He  handled  his  own  farm  until  ninety-seven 
years  of  age.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mrs.  Reese 
are:  Christopher  B.,  Joseph,  John  W.,  Reuben, 
Bright,  deceased,  Clara  Stover,  Hattie  Richie.  The 
brothers  and  sisters  of  Mr.  Reese  are:  John,  de- 
ceased; James,  Henry  C..  deceased:  Thomas  C. ; 
Solomon;  Mary  Dunlap ;  Ellen  Burges.  Judge 
Reese  is  a  past  master  Mason  with  membership 
at  Genesee.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  church,  South.  He  is  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat and  active  in  the  realm  of  politics.  He  owns 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


property  in  North  Carolina  and  at  Genesee,  and  farms 
near  Orofino.  His  brothers,  James  and  Henry, 
fought  in  the  Civil  war  and  the  latter  was  killed  at  the 
battle  of  Seven  Pines,  while  the  former  languished  one 
year  in  the  war  prison  at  Elmira,  New  York. 


JAMES  W.  McFADDEN.  This  venerable  de- 
fender of  the  flag  on  many  fields  of  blood  is  one  of  the 
substantial  citizens  of  Nez  Perces  county,  residing  two 
miles  south  from  Southwick,  and  in  his  private  life,  as 
in  the  service  of  his  country,  he  has  manifested  the 
true  courage  born  of  principle,  and  has  been  dominated 
by  the  wisdom  that  has  materialized  the  enterprises  of 
business  into  a  goodly  competence  for  the  golden  years 
of  his  active  and  well  spent  life. 

James  W.  McFadden  was  born  in  Venango  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  December  5,  1838,  being  the  son  of 
John  and  Mary  McFadden.  James  W.  grew  up  on 
a  farm,  received  a  good  education  and  when  the  Civil 
war  broke  out  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Fourth  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry.  Three  years  later,  when  his  time 
had  expired,  he  re-enlisted  in  the  same  company  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war — ten  months.  He  was 
in  the  batles  of  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellors- 
ville,  Gettysburg,  the  Wilderness,  besides  many  others. 
His  regiment  participated  in  seventy-five  battles  and 
skirmishes.  Being  honorably  discharged  at  the  close, 
Mr.  McFadden  returned  to  his  home,  having  the  satis- 
faction of  knowing  tnat,  althought  he  had  suffered  al- 
most untold  hardship,  serving  under  Sheridan  and 
others  in  active  and  vigorous  warfare,  the  country  was 
safe ;  he  had  rendered  the  patriot's  offering  and  is  now 
entitled  to  the  patriot's  honors  and  rewards. 

On  January  29,  1869,  Mr.  McFadden  married  Miss 
Hannah,  daughter  of  John  and  Hannah  (Weakley) 
Foster,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  father  was  a 
veteran  of  the  war  of  1812.  Mrs.  McFadden  was  born 
in  Mercer  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  April,  1833,  and 
though  now  in  her  seventieth  year  she  has  no  silver 
threads  of  age  and  is  hearty  and  active  after  a  pioneer's 
life  of  labor.  This  marriage  occurred  in  Mercer  coun- 
ty and  Mr.  McFadden  took  up  his  residence  in  Ven- 
ango county  until  1876,  then  took  train  October  2 
and  came  to  San  Francisco,  thence  to  Portland  by- 
steamer,  then  up  the  Columbia  by  boat  to  Wallula, 
thence  to  Walla  Walla,  and  there  after  a  short  stay  a 
team  was  purchased  and  they  went  to  Whitman  county, 
where  they  took  up  a  soldier's  homestead.  In  1881 
they  sold  that  property  and  came  to  their  present  place. 
A  preemption  was  taken  and  as  much  more  land  was 
added  by  purchase  later,  and  since  that  time  they  have 
labored  on  together  and  have  been  attended  by  the 
prosperity  that  comes  to  wise  industry.  Mr.  McFadden 
was  forced  to  go  to  Lewiston  and  Moscow  for  all  sup- 
plies, and  often  paid  twenty  cents  per  pound  for  sugar 
and  other  things  in  proportion.  The  nearest  neigh- 
bors were  some  miles  away,  and  they  labored  with 
zeal  and  determination  to  make  their  valuable  and 
handsome  estate.  Three  hundred  acres  are  brought 
under  tribute  to  produce  annual  fruitage,  and  thirty 


acres  are  devoted  to  a  valuable  orchard.  Two  im- 
posing barns  grace  the  estate,  outbuildings  in  abund- 
ance, and  a  nine-room  residence  of  modern  archi- 
tectural design  is  the  comfortable  and  tasty  home. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  McFadden  are  deserving  of  great  credit 
for  the  wisdom  and  labor  they  have  shown,  and  they 
are  accorded  the  same  in  generous  measure.  They  are 
both  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  are  de- 
vout in  the  faith.  Four  children  have  been  born  to 
them,— John  P.,  married  to  Esther  Mathew,  in  Nez 
Perces  county;  James  M.,  married  to  Bertha  Guern- 
sey, near  Peck;  Clyde  E.  died  eight  years  ago,  aged 
twenty-one;  Bernice,  wife  of  Lee  Mathew,  in  this 
county.  The  eldest  son  has  three  children,  the  second 
two,  and  the  daughter  is  the  mother  of  one  child. 


JOSEPH  F.  EDWARDS.  Biography  is  becom- 
ing distinctly  the  literature  of  the  day,  and  doubtless 
it  is  here  to  remain.  It  is  fitting  therefore  that  in  the 
history  of  his  county  that  the  biographies  of  the  leading 
men  should  appear  and  thus  we  place  before  our  read- 
ers an  epitome  of  this  prominent  gentleman,  who  has 
done  a  large  amount  for  the  advancement  and  progress 
of  Culdesac,  being  at  the  present  time  one  of  the  heavy 
real  estate  holders  and  also  engaged  in  transferring 
real  estate. 

Joseph.  F.  Edwards  was  born  in  Manitowoc  City, 
Wisconsin,  on  November  4,  1858,  being  the  son  of 
John  W.  and  Frances  (Hunter)  Edwards.  The  father 
was  a  carpenter  and  ship  builder,  born  in  Calais, 
Maine,  in  1812,  January  23,  died  on  January  8,  1897. 
He  participated  in  the  Black  Hawk  and  the  Civil  wars. 
In  the  latter  he  was  orderly  sergeant  of  Company  K, 
Twenty-first  Wisconsin  Volunteers.  He  served  under 
Generals  Rosecrans  and  Thomas,  and  was  in  the  bat- 
tles of  the  Wilderness,  Lookout  Mountain  and  Vicks- 
burg.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Nova 
Scotia  in  1822,  and  died  on  May  10,  1898.  These  peo- 
ple were  pioneers  to  the  vicinity  of  Milwaukee,  Wis- 
consin, in  1833.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  Joseph  started 
to  sail  on  the  lakes,  and  continued  until  he  was  twenty. 
He  then  came  west  to  California  and  on  September 
28,  1878,  he  settled  in  Nez  Perces  county,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Genesee.  For  twenty  years  he  farmed  there, 
and  in  1898  he  came  to  Culdesac,  locating  the  first  store 
in  a  tent  July  29,  1899.  Prior  to  that  time  he  had  also 
been  organizer  for  the  W.  of  W.  Soon  he  sold  his 
interest  to  his  partner,  Mr.  E.  T.  Brandon,  and  in  No- 
vember of  the  same  year  started  a  general  merchandise 
store  for  himself.  He  continued  that  with  the  post 
office  until  June.  1901,  when  he  sold  out  and  erected 
several  buildings  in  the  town.  He  recently  completed 
Magnolia  hall,  the  largest  two-story  structure  in  the 
town.  Now  Mr.  Edwards  is  engaged  in  the  real  es- 
tate business. 

On  March  4,  1889,  Mr.  Edwards  married  Miss 
Ada  V.  Nelson  in  Latah  county.  Mrs.  Edwards  is 
the  daughter  of  T.  F.  and  Mary  E.  (Greer)  Nelson. 
The  father,  a  Baptist  minister  in  Idaho  county,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina  and  was  a  Confederate  sol- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


277 


dier.  He  has  represented  Idaho  and  Latah  counties 
in  the  legislature  and  at  the  time  Heitfield  was  elected 
Mr.  Nelson  came  within  two  votes  of  being  United 
States  senator.  Mrs.  Nelson  was  born  in  North  Caro- 
lina, as  was  also  Mrs.  Edwards,  November  19,  1871. 
She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Thomas, 
Rosa  Howton,  Horace,  Samuel,  John  and  Gordon. 
Mr.  Edwards  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters:  Charles  A.,  Margaret  Spencer;  George, 
Thomas  and  John,  all  deceased.  Mr.  Edwards  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  of  W.,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  passed 
all  the  chairs  of  the  latter  order,  and  past  chancellor  of 
the  K.  of  P.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs 
and  the  Women  of  Woodcraft,  his  wife  being  a  mem- 
ber of  these  last  named  orders  also.  Mr.  Edwards  is 
an  active  and  intelligent  Republican.  He  is  a  commit- 
teeman  of  the  Culdesac  precinct.  Mr.  Edwards  is 
always  an  advocate  of  good  schools,  and  is  a  liberal 
contributor  towards  all  institutions  for  the  benefit  of 
the  community.  He  has  assisted  much  in  contribu- 
tions toward  the  location  of  the  new  mill  and  other 
industries  of  the  town.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwards,  as  follows:  Mary 
Frances,  Charles  M.,  Everett  W.  and  a  baby  which  died 


EDWARD  G.  WILLIAMS.  Two  and  one-half 
miles  northeast  from  Lapwai  is  the  quarter  section 
where  is  located  the  family  home  of  the  subject  of  this 
article.  He  has  improved  the  land  in  a  very  praise- 
worthy manner,  having  good  buildings  and  an  orchard 
of  two  thousand  trees.  It  is  quite  appropriate  that 
this  history  should  contain  a  biographical  account  of 
this  worthy  citizen,  and  therefore  we  append  for  the 
perusal  of  all  some  of  the  details  of  his  career. 

Edward  G.  Williams  was  born  in  Sangamon  coun- 
ty, Illinois,  on  August  16,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Isaiah 
B.  and  Phoebe  (Baker)  Williams.  The  father,  who 
was  a  farmer,  born  in  Ohio  in  1810,  died  in  1901,  par- 
ticipated in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Kentucky  in  1817  and  died  in  1892.  Her 
people  were  pioneers  in  Kentucky.  Edward  worked 
on  a  farm  and  attended  school  until  young  manhood's 
estate  was  reached.  At  his  majority  he  started  for 
himself.  He  bought  land  and  lived  there  until  1883. 
Then  he  removed  to  Sumner  county,  Kansas,  bought 
land  near  Belleplaine  and  farmed  for  four  years.  Next 
we  see  him  in  Prairie  county,  Arkansas,  and  two  years 
later  he  returned  to  Sangamon  county,  Illinois.  Five 
years  were  spent  there,  and  then  he  went  to  Iowa,  re- 
maining three  years.  In  March,  1897,  he  came  to 
Juliaetta,  Idaho,  and  the  next  year  purchased  a  man's 
right  to  a  homestead,  where  he  now  lives. 

In  Illinois,  on  December  25,  1879,  Mr.  Williams 
married  Miss  Sarah  J.,  daughter  of  Gilbert  and  De- 
lilah Hatler,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Illinois,  respect- 
ively. Mrs.  Williams  was  also  born  in  Illinois.  She 
has  three  sisters  and  one  brother, — Josephine,  Ema- 
line,  Albert  and  Daisy.  Mr.  Williams  has  the  follow- 
ing named  brothers  and  sisters :  Susan,  Mary,  James 
H.,  Hattie.  Mattie,  Amos  S.,  Sanford,  Abraham.  To 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  there  have  been  born  six  chil- 
dren,—Lola,  Ethel,  Homer,  Murray,  Alvin  and  Marie. 
Mrs.  Williams  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 
Mr.  Williams  is  a  strong  Republican  and  attends  the 
conventions  and  primaries  and  always  takes  an  active 
part  in  local  matters.  He  advocates  good  schools  and 
is  a  public-minded  citizen  allied  on  the  side  of  progress 
and  advancement. 


RUFUS  B.  MILLER.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  man  of 
varied  and  extensive  experiences  in  the  enterprises  of 
life  and  has  always  wrought  with  a  manifestation  of 
industry  and  wisdom.  He  is  at  present  located  on  his 
estate,  one  mile  northeast  from  Peck,  where  he  does 
a  general  farming  business  and  is  prospered  in  his  en- 
deavors. He  is  a  man  of  zealous  interest  in  the  edu- 
cational progress  of  the  country,  labors  assiduously 
and  unremittingly  for  this  end  and  is  also  allied  on 
the  side  of  general  progress  as  well. 

Rufus  B.  Miller  was  born  on  March  7,  1858,  in 
Wythe  county,  Virginia,  being  the  son  of  Austin  and 
Elizabeth  (Newland)  Miller,  both  natives  of  Wythe 
county,  where  they  passed  their  lives.  Rufus  was 
reared  there  and  received  a  good  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools  and  then  finished  with  a  course  in  the 
college  at  Marion,  Virginia.  Following  this,  he  de- 
voted himself  to  teaching  for  a  time  and  then,  on 
September  1,  1881,  he  married  Miss  Tosie  S.,  daughter 
of  Joseph  and  Sarah  E.  Hutton,  natives  of  Washing- 
ton county,  Virginia,  where  also  the  mother  died.  The 
father  is  still  living  on  the  old  homestead.  Mrs.  Miller 
was  born  on  October  n,  1863.  In  1884  Mr.  Miller 
came  with  his  family  to  Dayton.  Washington,  and  re- 
mained one  year  with  his  uncle.  R.  G.  Newland,  who 
represented  the  territory  of  Washington  three  terms 
in  the  United  States  congress.  In  1885  a  move  was 
made  to  the  vicinity  of  Sprague  and  Mr.  Miller  located 
a  homestead  and  tilled  it  until  1892.  Then  he  sold 
out  and  removed  to  Oakesdale,  Washington,  and  there 
operated  the  farm  of  Hon.  T.  G.  Mulkey  for  two 
years.  In  1898  Mr.  Miller  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Nez- 
perce  and  settled  on  school  land  and  in  the  fall  of  1901 
he  sold  this  and  came  to  his  present  place  and  is  now 
engaged  in  general  farming.  Nine  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.Miller:  Bessie  E..  born  August 
9,  1882,  and  now  the  wife  of  Asa  Baumgardner,  living 
near  Kamiah ;  Marion  M.,  born  June  7,  1884,  and  now 
deceased ;  Margie  M.,  born  January  2.  1886,  and  now. 
attending  school  in  Milton,  Oregon :  James  V.,  born 
October  9,  1888;  Robert  B.,  born  October  10,  1890: 
Paul,  born  March  17,  1894.  and  now  deceased :  Blanch 
E.,  born  February  2,  1896;  Frank  T..  born  May  31, 
1898 ;  Maud  E.,  born  May  7,  1901.  Mr.  Miller  and  his 
wife  and  four  eldest  children  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  church,  South,  and  at  the  present  time  Mr. 
Miller  is  superintending  the  union  Sunday  school  in 
the  neighborhood.  He  is  a  zealous  supporter  of  the 
faith  and  is  a  man  of  broad  views  and  possessed  of 
a  public  spirit  that  allies  him  nn  the  side  of  progress 
and  the  betterment  of  all  in  advancement  along  all 
line?. 


278 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


WILLIAM  H.  DAVISON  is  one  of  the  well 
known  men  of  the  state  of  Idaho,  being  at  the  present 
time  host  of  the  Raymond  Hotel  in  Lewiston,  which 
is  doubtless  doing  as  fine  a  business  as  any  hostelry  in 
the  state,  on  account  of  the  skill  and  ability,  of  the 
manager.  He  is  a  man  of  uprightness  and  many  at- 
tractive qualities.  William  H.  was  born  in  Moke- 
lumne  Hill,  Calaveras  county,  California,  on  October 
II,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Tames  W.  and  Mary  E. 
(West)  Davison.  The  father  was  born  in  England, 
on  May  3,  1834,  came  to  the  United  States  when  three 
years  of  age  and  died  March  13,  1900.  The  mother 
was  born  in  New  York  in  1833  and  died  in  Placerville, 
Idaho,  in  1888.  The  parents  came  to  -Idaho,  via  Port- 
land and  The  Dalles,  and  thence  by  stage  to  'Placer- 
ville, where  the  father  mined  for  two  years  and  then 
opened  a  hotel,  which  he  operated  for  twenty  years. 
Our  subject  was  early  trained  in  the  arts  of  a  host  and 
also  acquired  his  education  from  the  San  Francisco 
schools.  Then,  after  1886,  our  subject  removed  to 
Boise  and  opened  the  Central  Hotel.  One  year  later 
he  went  to  the  mines  and  remained  for  four  years. 
Then  he  returned  to  Boise  and  conducted  a  restaurant 
successfully  for  seven  years.  On  February  19,  1897, 
Mr.  Davison  took  charge  of  the  De  France,  which  had 
fallen  into  a  bad  state  through  mismanagement;  in  a 
short  time  our  subject  had  it  on  a  paying  basis  and 
soon  a  very  popular  house.  On  April  4,  1901,  Mr. 
Davison  took  charge  of  the  Raymond  House,  which 
he  is  operating  at  the  present  time  with  most  excellent 
success.  The  house  is  well  appointed  and  the  skill, 
ability,  executive  force  and  affability  of  the  host  is 
felt  in  every  department  and  is  one  of  the  most  com- 
fortable places  for  travelers  to  be  found  in  the  west. 

On  April  25,  1899,  Mr.  Davison  married  Annie 
Smith  Pierce,  daughter  of  Scott  and  Rebecca  Smith, 
at  Lewiston.  Mrs.  Davison  has  brothers  and  sisters 
as  follows:  William,  Clarence,  Mary  Ormsby,  of 
Boise ;  Nellie  Thomas  and  Mrs.  Villa  Isham,  of  Grant's 
Pass,  Oregon ;  Mrs.  W.  R.  Thomas,  of  Lewiston.  Mr. 
Davison  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows :  Thomas, 
died  August  4,  1877 ;  Mrs.  John  Myer,  of  Boise.  Mr. 
Davison  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has 
been  for  twenty-five  years,  joining  at  Placerville  in 
Covenant  Lodge,  No.  6.  He  attended  the  grand  lodge 
in  Portland  as  delegate  in  1878,  staging  most  of  the 
way.  He  joined  the  Elks,  in  February,  1902.  In  po- 
litical matters  Mr.  Davison  is  allied  with  the  Republi- 
cans, but  is  not  partisan,  believing  in  sound  principles 
and  good  men  wherever  put  forth  and  nominated. 
He  is  interested  in  mining  at  Buffalo  Hump  and  at 
Wood  river. 


DR.  BENJAMIN  L.  COLE.  Among  the  pro- 
fessional men  of  Nez  Perces  county  is  to  be  mentioned 
the  gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph. 

tained  an  untarnished  reputation,  is  imbued  with  an 
understanding  of  his  stewardship  and  in  all  his  walk 
Iras  so  conducted  himself  that  he  has  the  entire  con- 
fidence of  the  people  and  enjoys  an  enviable  prestige. 


B.  L.  Cole  was  born  in  Vicksburg,  Mississippi, 
on  April  14,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Morris  C.  and 
Julia  B.  (Leas)  Cole.  The  father  is  a  minister  in  the 
Baptist  church,  was  born  in  New  York,  in  1831.  and 
now  lives  in  Whatcomb,  Washington,  being  still  active 
in  the  ministry.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war, 
having  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  New  Jersey,  and  was 
mustered  out  at  New  Orleans,  in  1865.  His  father 
died  aged  eighty-two,  having  served  faithfully  as  a 
Methodist  minister,  and  his  mother  was  seventy-six 
at  the  time  of  her  departure.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1840  and  is  still 
living.  When  mustered  out,  the  father  of  Benjamin 
settled  at  Vicksburg,  later  went  to  New  Orleans.  In 
that  city  the  son  was  reared  amid  refining  and  literary 
surroundings,  being  highly  educated.  His  father  was 
a  cultured  man  and  for  a  time  was  secretary  to  the  su- 
perintendent of  education  for  the  city  of  New  Orleans. 
Our  subject  completed  his  professional  course  in  the 
New  Orleans  Dental  College  and  in  that  city  he  prac- 
ticed until  1892.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Wr'alla  Walla 
and  two  years  later  went  thence  to  Tacoma.  In  that 
city  he  had  charge  of  the  infirmary  for  the  first  year 
of  its  existence.  Later  we  find  Dr.  Cole  in  Juliaetta, 
where  he  practiced  successfully  until  1901,  when  he 
came  to  his  present  location  in  Culdesac.  Dr.  Cole  is 
favored  with  a  good  and  increasing  practice,  because 
of  his  skill  and  also  his  excellent  success  that  is  the 
result  of  painstaking  and  constant  study.  He  has 
three  brothers  and  one  sister — Morris  C.,  Thomas  B., 
H.  and  Julia  B.  Dr.  Cole  is  a  member  of  the 


K.  of  P.  and  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
Veterans,  being  in  Benjamin  Hai 
New  Orleans,  of  the  latter  order. 
the  Baptist  church.  His  materna 
judge  in  Vicksburg,  Mississippi. 


and  of  the  Sons  of 

He  is  a  member  of 
1  grandfather  was  a 


WILLIAM  M.  PEDEN.  It  is  gratifying  indeed 
to  see  the  prosperity  that  has  attended  the  efforts 
of  our  subject  since  he  settled  in  his  present  location, 
one  mile  east  from  Summit.  He  came  with  a  saddle 
horse  and  blankets  in  December,  1895,  and  while  camp- 
ing on  his  land  the  snow  came  and  covered  him  a  foot 
deep.  The  next  spring  he  moved  his  family  here,  but 
as  there  were  no  roads  it  was  tedious  work.  All  honor 
to  the  brave  pioneers  who  blazed  the  way  into  these 
wilds  and  have  made  of  them  fertile  and  productive 
farms.  Mr.  Peden  has  done  his  share,  for  from  the  little 
shack  which  he  built  for  his  family  and  the  wilds  that 
stretched  in  every  direction,  have  been  evolved  by  his 
labors  a  good  home,  large  barn,  substantial  outbuild- 
ings, a  well  cultivated  and  fertile  farm,  and  a  good 
orchard,  all  of  which  is  deserved  because  of  the  faith- 
fulness and  industrious  labors  of  Mr.  Peden  and  his 
worthy  wife. 

Mr.  Peden  was  born  in  Davis  county,  Iowa,  on  No- 
vember 25,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Mary 
E.  (Johnson)  Peden,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  was 
born  in  Kentucky  in  1819  and  died  in  1896,  and  was 
a  pioneer  in  Nodaway  county,  Missouri.  The  mother 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1833  and  still  lives  in  Nez 
Perces  county,  Idaho.  When  they  lived  in  Missouri 
all  their  property  was  blown  away  by  a  cyclone.  The 
father  enlisted  in  1861  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Ohio  In- 
fantry and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga, 
Lookout  Mountain  and  many  other  struggles.  In  the 
battle  of  Lookout  Mountain  he  was  carrying  a  blanket 
under  his  arm  and  nine  bullet  holes  were  found  in  it. 
At  this  battle  he  was  wounded  in  his  left  leg  and  sent 
home.  During  his  illness  he  was  married,  but  as  soon 
as  he  recovered  he  returned  to  the  front  and  served 
out  his  time,  being  honorably  discharged  in  1864. 
Then  they  moved  to  Davis  county,  Iowa,  and  when  our 
subject,  who  was  the  oldest  of  six  boys  and  three  girls, 
was  seven,  they  all  went  to  Ohio,  but  soon  came  back 
to  Iowa  and  then  removed  to  Gage  county,  Nebraska. 
In  1888  the  father  crossed  the  plains  with  team  and 
settled  in  Whitman  county,  Washington.  In  1890  our 
subject  made  the  same  trip  and  remained  in  Whitman 
county,  teaming  until  the  trip  to  find  his  present  loca- 
tion, as  described  above. 

In  Gage  countv,  Nebraska,  on  January  14,  1886, 
Mr.  Peden  married  Miss  Laura  Guthrie,  whose 
parents  were  born  in  Missouri  and  Tennessee, 
respectively.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Noda- 
way  county,  Missouri,  and  died  in  Oregon  in  1896. 
The  mother  still  lives  with  a  brother  near  Winchester. 
Five  children  have  been  born  to  them.  Elsie  E.,  Lena 
M.,  Lizzie  A..  Harvey  D.,  Hattie  E.  Mrs.  Peden  was 
born  near  Marvsville,  Missouri,  on  May  23,  1868. 
Lena,  the  second  child  of  Mr.  Peden,  has  assisted  her 
father  to  harvest  three  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  grain 
each  year  for  four  years  past,  driving  the  lead  team 
on  the  binder  machine  all  the  time.  Mr.  Peden  and 
his  wife  have  labored  faithfully  and  are  now  seeing 
the  rewards  of  their  toil  and  enjoying  the  fruits  of 
their  labors.  They  are  members  of  the  Congregational 
church  and  are  devout  supporters  of  the  faith,  while 
in  all  matters  of  progress  and  advancement  Mr.  Peden 
is  always  active.  He  has  done  labor  on  all  the  roads  in 
his  section  and  is  a  zealous  advocate  of  good  roads. 


G.  E.  PRIBBLE.  While  the  time  of  the  resi- 
dence of  our  subject  in  Nez  Perces  county  has  been 
rather  brief,  still  he  has  so  identified  himself  with  the 
interests  of  the  county  that  he  is  justly  entitled  to  rep- 
resentation in  its  history  as  one  of  the  stanch  and  com- 
mendable laborers  for  its  upbuilding  and  advancement. 

G.  E.  Fribble  was  born  in  Greensburg,  Indiana, 
on  September  I,  1867,  being  the  son  of  John  W.  and 
Susan  (Scontz)  Pribble.  The  father  was  born  in 
Clermont  county,  Ohio,  in  January,  1837,  was  a  P'°- 
neer  in  Montgomery  county,  Iowa,  and  now  is  a  re- 
tired farmer  in  Red  Oak,'  Iowa.  The  mother  was 
born  in  southeastern  Indiana,  in  1847.  he  and  is  liv- 
ing at  the  home  place  in  Red  Oak.  The  family  came 
to  Iowa  when  our  subject  was  four  years  old,  engaged 
in  farming  and  raising  stock  on  a  large  scale  and  did 
well.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Iowa  and  was 
educated  in  Shenandoah  College.  Completing  his  edu- 


cation, he  went  industriously  to  farming  and  later  spent 
two  years  in  carriage  painting.  About  the  time  of  his 
majority  he  went  to  the  San  Luis  valley.  Colorado,  and 
took  land.  He  had  a  half  section  under  irrigation 
there  and  remained  four  years.  Selling  out  after  a 
successful  venture,  he  went  to  Carbon,  Wyoming,  and 
took  up  the  coal  business.  Three  years  later  he  returned 
to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  and  "took  the  position  of 
shipping  clerk  and  later  that  of  foreman  of  a  ware- 
house. In  1901  Mr.  Pribble  came  to  the  Big  Bend 
country,  in  Washington,  and  in  April,  1902,  he  came  to 
Peck  and  bought  a  half  interest  in  the  ferry  plying  to 
the  station  on  the  north  of  the  Clearwater,  which  has 
proved  a  good  investment.  Mr.  Pribble  intends  to 
soon  take  up  some  other  business  with  this. 

On  December  23,  1888,  in  Corning,  Iowa,  Mr. 
Pribble  married  Miss  Jessie  L..  daughter  of  Charles 
F.  and  Emma  (Archer)  Lathrop.  The  father  is  a 
jeweler  and  was  bom  in  Wisconsin.  He  held  the 
office  of  sheriff  and  other  positions  of  trust  in  Iowa 
and  was  a  pioneer  in  Nebraska.  His  wife  was  born  in 
Michigan  and  her  parents  are  living  in  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa.  Mrs.  Pribble  was  born  in  Delaware  county, 
Iowa,  on  May  21,  1872;  she  finished  her  education  In 
the  high  school  and  was  also  accomplished  in  music, 
having  given  instruction  in  that  branch  for  years. 

Ernest,  in  Iowa :  Bertha  Vredenburg  and  Maude,  both 
in  Iowa.  Mr.  Pribble  has  one  brother,  Ira  A.,  living 
in  Salina,  Kansas,  being  a  traveling  salesman  for  the 
Union  Pacific  Coal  Company,  of  Omaha.  Mr.  Pribble 
is  a  member  of  the  Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen 
and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 
Politically,  our  subject  is  a  stanch  Democrat  and  active 
in  that  arena.  His  father  was  rejected  from  the  war 


served  in  the  A 


SAMUEL  HOLT.  The  days  of  pioneer  hard- 
ships are  largely  done  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  the  times 
of  Indian  fighting  are  over;  the  toil  of  the  sturdy 
frontiersman  has  resulted  in  a  prosperous  and  wealthy 
community  of  intelligent  and  progressive  people.  ( )ne 
who  has  passed  the  years  of  toil,  danger  and  hardship 
'as  one  of  the  real  pioneers  and  who  has  demonstrated 
himself  one  of  the  real  frontiersmen  of  the  country, 
having  passed  through  all  the  trying  times  referred 
to,  is  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this  article.  Samuel 
Holt  is  well  and  widely  known  both  as  a  business  man 
of  Culdesac,  having  a  first-class  hotel  there,  the  ••Com- 
mercial/' and  also  as  the  intrepid,  fearless  and  sturdy 
pioneer  of  thrilling  early  days. 

An  epitome  of  his  career  will  be  interesting  read- 
therefore  we  make 


He 


s  borr 


i  Foi 


22.  1840.  being  the  son  of  Tlmmas  A. 
(Cardwell)  Holt.  The  father  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
regular  army,  participated  in  the  Mexican  war  and 
died. when  our  subject  was  one  year  old.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1*2$.  and  the  time  of  her 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


death  was  1853.  After  her  husband's  death  she  had  mar- 
ried John  L.  Kline  in  1852.  In  1853  they  started  across 
the  plains,  when  within  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles 
of  Boise  City  she  sickened  and  died.  Our  subject  and 
his  older  brother,  Frank,  three  years  his  senior,  came 
with  their  stepfather  to  Eugene,  Oregon,  and  there 
wintered.  When  he  was  thirteen  years  old  the  two 
boys  came  to  Walla  Walla  together  and  he  went  to 
cooking  for  Ed  Whitman's  pack  train.  In  1863  he 
was  at  Lewiston  and  also  at  Idaho  City  with  a  pack 
train.  In  1866  he  was  cooking  at  Beartown,  and  more 
or  less  since  that  time  he  has  followed  cooking.  In 
1868  he  returned  to  Lewiston,  and  that  town  has  been 
his  headquarters  most  of  the  time  since.  When  the 
Nez  Perces  reservation  opened  up  he  came  and  on 
May  22,  1896,  he  took  a  claim  seven  miles  southwest 
from  Culdesac,  which  he  still  owns  and  handles.  In 
addition  to  that  Mr.  Holt  operates  the  "Commercial," 
as  stated  above,  one  of  the  leading  hostleries  of  the 
county.  He  has  a  good  trade  and  is  wise  in  his  manage- 
ment to  please  the  traveling  public.  During  the  Nez 
Perces  war  he  served  seven  months,  pursuing  the  In- 
dians most  of  the  time.  He  carried  dispatches  from 
Lewiston  to  Walla  Walla  at  that  time  and  made  the 
best  time  on  record.  He  rode  the  distance  of  ninety- 
eight  miles  in  seven  hours  and  forty  minutes,  having 
four  relays. 

On  November  2,  1885,  Mr.  Holt  married  Miss 
Laura  A.,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Lucinda  (Privett) 
Minnick,  the  nuptials  occurring  in  Lewiston.  The 
father  was  a  carpenter  and  a  native  of  Illinois  and  a 
pioneer  to  Oregon.  The  mother  died  in  Oregon  in 
1871.  Mrs  Flolt  has  one  sister,  Addie  Lubkins,  living 
in  Spokane.  She  also  has  three  half-sisters  and  three 
half-brothers  in  Spokane.  Two  children  have  been 
the  fruit  of  this  happy  marriage,  Mabel  and  Chester, 
both  at  home.  Mrs.  Holt  was  born  in  Albany,  Oregon, 
on  February  5.  1870,  and  came  with  her  parents  to 
Waitsbnrg  while  an  infant.  Mr.  Holt  has  one  brother, 
Frank,  living  in  Yakima.  He  is  the  only  living  rela- 
tive. Mr.  Holt  is  a  Democrat  and  active  in  matters 
of  political  moment.  He  is  an  advocate  of  good 

educate  his  children  better  than  could  be  done  in  the 


WILLIAM  H.  YOUNG.  This  well  known  busi- 
ness man  of  Lewiston  has  not  been  here  as  long  as 
many  of  the  worthy  pioneers,  still  his  industry,  capa- 
bility and  excellent 'success  in  his  business,  as  a  music 
dealer,  having  the  only  exclusive  store  of  that  kind  in 
Lewiston,  together  with  his  good  moral  qualities  of 
worth,  entitle  him  to  representation  in  any  volume 
that  purports  to  give  review  of  the  leading  citizens 
of  the  county  of  Nez  Perces. 

In  Cobden.  Canada,  on  December  24,  1857,  oc- 
curred the  birth  of  William  H.  Young  to  George  A. 
and  Eveline  (Marshall)  Young.  The  father  was  a  pilot 
in  Canada  and  was  born  in  the  north  of  Ireland  in 
1826,  his  parents  also  being  natives  there,  while  his 
mother,  a  Meredith,  was  closely  related  to  the  royalty 


of  Scotland.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Canada  in  1828  and  now  lives  in  Lewiston.  Her  fa- 
ther was  born  in  Connecticut  and  her  mother  was  born 
in  Vermont.  Her  father  was  a  shipbuilder.  William 
H.  was  educated  in  his  native  land  and  remained 
there  until  1875,  when  he  and  his  brother,  John  M., 
came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  York,  Ne- 
braska, working  the  blacksmith  shop  of  their  uncle, 
Benjamin  Marshall.  In  1877  they  started  a  grocery 
store  in  York  and  in  1882  removed  to  Riverton,  being 
there  in  the  mercantile  business  also  until  1887.  Then 
he  sold  and  invested  his  money  in  land  in  northwestern 
Kansas,  which  proved  a  poor  venture.  In  July,  1889, 
he  abandoned  the  land,  removed  to  Smith  Centre  and 
went  to  clerking.  In  August  of  the  next  year  he  was 
in  North  Dakota  selling  music.  In  1892  he  returned 
to  Smith  Centre  and  opened  a  music  store,  where  he 
did  business  until  1901,  when  he  came  to  Lewiston 
and  bought  out  F.  G.  Erb  &  Company.  He  is  now 
doing  a  fine  business,  having  the  only  strictly  music 
house  in  the  city. 

On  August  10,  1881,  Mr.  Young  married  Miss 
Kate,  daughter  of  Edward  and  Mary  (Rankin)  Gib- 
son, natives  of  Canada,  and  of  English  descent.  The 
wedding  occurred  in  Canada.  Mrs.  Young  was  born 
in  Cobden,  Canada,  on  August  4,  1858,  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Bowman  Academy.  She  died  November, 
1900,  in  Smith  Centre,  Kansas,  having  been  the 
mother  of  the  following  children:  George  E.,  de- 
ceased; W.  Bertram,  a  good  musician,  eighteen  years 
old  and  now  in  Taylor,  California ;  Rex  J.,  Virgil  R., 
Winifred  H.,  Kate,  Mary,  Douglas  A.,  all  at  home. 
Mrs.  Young  had  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  John, 
Julia  Burns,  Rebecca  Stuart.  Mr.  Young  had  three 
brothers,  Tohn  M.,  George  A.  and  James  T.  Mr. 
Young  ha's  property  in  Smith  Centre,  in  addition  to 
his  business  and  holdings  in  this  county.  He  is  a 
man  of  business  energy  and  very  proficient  in  his  line. 


HILBERT  B.  SMITH.  The  town  of  Lewiston 
and  the  traveling  public  of  the  northwest  need  no  in- 
troduction to  the  capable  and  entertaining  gentleman 
whose  name  appears  at  the  head  of  this  article,  being 
the  proprietor  of  the  Grand  Hotel,  one  of  the  most 
popular  hostelries  in  the  state  of  Idaho,  and  justly  de- 
serving of  its  standing  on  account  of  the  excellent 
manner  in  which  it  is  conducted  by  its  skillful  and 
affable  proprietor. 

Mr.  Smith  was  born  in  Vernon  county,  Missouri, 
near  Nevada  City,  on  October  30,  1872,  being  the  son 
of  Hiram  R.  and  Sarah  T.  (Salmon)  Smith.  The 
father  was  a  farmer  and  died  in  February,  1873,  and 
the  mother  died  in  1893.  Shortly  after  the  father's 
death  the  family  removed  to  Pike  county,  Illinois,  set- 
tling on  a  farm  near  New  Canton,  which  the  older 
brothers  tilled.  Our  subject  attended  school  and  as- 
sisted his  brothers  in  the  care  of  the  farm,  remaining 
there  until  1889.  Then  he  came  to  the  west,  settling 
at  Sprague,  Washington,  taking  up  the  restaurant 
business.  In  1895  he  went  to  Trail,  British  Columbia. 


WILLIAM  H.  YOUNG. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  1898  Mr.  Smith  came  to  Lewiston  and  opened  the 
Model  restaurant  in  partnership  with  his  brother 
Hiram  R.  They  did  a  good  business  until  1901,  when 
the  entire  property  was  destroyed  by  fire.  On  the 
fifth  day  of  June,  in  the  same  year,  Mr.  Smith  opened 
the  Grand  restaurant  and  afterward  the  Grand  Hotel. 
The  establishment  is  conducted  on  the  European  plan 
and  has  thirty-seven  sleeping  apartments;  the  cuisine 
is  unexcelled/as  is  also  the  service  of  the  entire  house. 
On  November  25,  1897,  at  Trail,  occurred  the  mar- 
riage of  Mr.  Smith  and  Miss  Myrtle,  daughter  of 
James  and  Nettie  (Merrick)  Gibbs.  Mr.  Gibbs  was  a 
farmer,  born  in  New  York  state  in  1846,  and  the 
mother  in  Iowa  in  1856 ;  both  are  in  the  mining  coun- 
try of  British  Columbia.  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in 
Delaware  county,  Iowa,  on  November  10,  1876,  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  came  west  with 
her  parents  in  1883.  She  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  Irving  W.,  Grace,  Reece  and 
Blanche.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mr.  Smith  are 
named  below:  Wesley  Acres,  a  half-brother,  George 
A.,  a  half-brother,  Seldon  Smith,  Robert,  Hiram  and 
Ella  (Acres)  Eakin.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the 
K.  of  P.,  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  the  W.  of  W.  He  is 
allied  with  the  Republican  party  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  business  men  of  Lewiston,  being  capable,  up- 
right and  possessed  of  sterling  qualities. 


LEWIS  W.  MUSTOE.  It  gives  us  pleasure  to 
record  the  salient  points  in  the  career  of  our  subject, 
as  he  has  been  a  real  pioneer  in  the  reservation  portion 
of  the  Nez  Perces  country  and  has  shown  commend- 
able zeal  and  energy  in  his'labors  for  its  upbuilding  and 
development. 

Lewis  Mustoe  was  born  in  Bath  county,  Virginia, 
on  Tune  8,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Adam  G.  and  Nancy 
(Wilson)  Mustoe,  natives  respectively  of  Bath  county, 
Virginia,  and  Barbour  county,  West  Virginia.  They 
were  married  in  the  latter  place  and  came  to  Bath 
county  to  live  and  in  1871  removed  to  Adair  county, 
Missouri.  In  these  places  our  subject  grew  to  man- 
hood, received  a  good  common  school  education  and 
learned  well  the  art  of  farming.  He  then  took  various 
trips  to  Illinois,  Iowa,  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  and  in 
1889.  he  made  his  way  to  Moscow,  where  he  explored 
the  country  and  then  went  to  the  north  fork  of  the 
Clearwater  and  there  spent  several  years  hunting, 
trapping,  prospecting  and  exploring  the  country.  He 
was  a  very  successful  nimrod  and  many  excellent  speci- 
mens of  big  game  were  the  trophies  of  his  chase. 
Later  we  see  him  in  the  Potlatch  country  and  there 
he  remained  until  the  twenty-sixth  day  of  March,  1896, 
on  which  day  he  located  his  present  claim,  about  four- 
teen miles  southeast  from  Peck.  He  had  the  pick  of 
farms,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers,  and  his  judgment 
was  good,  for  Mr.  Mustoe  has  as  fine  a  piece  of  land 
as  is  to  be  found  on  the  reservation.  He  has  bestowed 
his  labors  with  wisdom  and  industry  and  the  result 
could  but  be  that  such  effort  would  be  rewarded  with 
a  competence  that  is  gratifying.  Mr.  Mustoe  has  de- 


voted himself  to  raising  the  cereals  and  flax  and  is  one 
of  the  successful  men  in  this  line.  It  is  interesting  to 
see  that  all  this  has  ben  accomplished  without  the  aid 
of  capital,  for  Mr.  Mustoe  came  with  a  couple  of 
horses  and  has  wrought  it  all  out  by  the  sturdy  labors 
of  his  hands.  He  has  had  all  the  various  hardships 
of  the  mountaineer  and  pioneer  to  endure  and  is  one 


•  of 


purpose,  determination  to  succeed  despite  the  various 
hardships  and  obstacles,  and  has  accomplished  his 
purpose.  The  mother  of  our  subject  died  on  July 
n,  1891,  at  the  old  home  in  Missouri.  The  father 
came  to  the  Potlatch  country  in  1893  and  died  in 
September,  1899. 


CLYDE  D.  CHAPMAN.  This  intelligent  and 
progressive  business  man  of  Culdesac  is  one  of  the 
men  who  is  bringing  that  town  to  the  front.  He  oper- 
ates a  livery  stable,  having  the  finest  barn  in  the  town. 
He  enjoys  a  good  trade,  owing  to  his  care  of  the  needs 
of  patrons  and  accommodating  ways  and  affability.  In 
addition  to  his  business,  Mr.  Chapman  has  a  timber 
claim  and  also  a  farm,  where  he  raises  flax,  doing  a 
good  business  in  that  line. 

Clyde  D.  Chapman  was  born  in  Poweshiek  county, 
Iowa,  on  November  16,  1875,  being  the  son  of  Emulos 
C.  and  Mary  C.  (Stitt)  Chapman.  The  father  was 
born  in  Indiana,  in  1851,  now  lives  at  Melrose,  Idaho, 
having  come  to  this  sta'te  in  1887.  His  father  was  born 
in  Knox  county,  Ohio,  and  was  a  pioneer  in  Illinois. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Kansas  in 
1855,  her  father  being  a  pioneer  in  that  state  and  a 
soldier  in  the  Civil  war  for  four  years.  The  parents 
of  our  subject  removed  to  Nebraska  in  1882  and  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  raising  stock  for  five  years.  In 
1889  they  came  to  Idaho  and  settlement  was  made 
in  Westlake.  A  pre-emption  was  taken  and  there  Clyde 
labored  with  his  father  and  attended  school.  Although 
when  he  became  of  age,  and  even  before,  he  worked 
some  for  himself,  still  he  made  his  home  with  his 
parents  until  1901.  Mr.  Chapman  is  still  enjoying 
his  bachelor  freedom  and  is  a  popular  resident  of 
the  community.  Mr.  Chapman  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  Carl,  deceased;  Harriett  V. 
Stinson  and  Claud  H.  This  latter  is  an  exceptionally 
bright  and  precocious  lad.  Mr.  Chapman  is  a  mem- 
ber" of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ;  the  W.  of  W.,  and  the  Women 
of  Woodcraft.  In  political  matters  he  is  a  Republican 
and  takes  an  intelligent  interest  in  the  affairs  of  that 
realm. 


VICTOR  SPENSLEY.  This  energetic,  industri- 
ous, and  capable  gentleman,  has  a  special  talent  of 
adaptability  that  has  enabled  him  to  turn  his  force  and 
ability  in  different  directions  with  great  success  and 
also  with  credit  to  himself.  At  the  present  time  he  is  on 
a  farm,  one  mile  north  from  Lapwai,  has  a  comfort- 
able home  and  handles  considerable  stock,  cattle, 
horses  and  hogs.  He  owns  one  hundred  and  seven 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


acres  of  land,  property  in  Lapwai,  and  also  property 
in  Nezperce. 

Victor  Spensley  was  born  in  the  northern  part  of 
England  on  May  30,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and 
Mary  Ann  (Southern)  Spensley.  The  father  was  a 
physician  and  surgeon' and  has  the  remarkable  record 
of  practicing  for  sixty  years.  He  was  born  in  1812 
and  died  in  1888.  His  father  was  also  a  physician. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  1812  and  is 
still  living.  Victor  was  educated  and  followed  the 
dry  goods  business;  in  1881  he  came  to  the  United 
States. 

Settlement  was  made  in  western  Minnesota,  and 
in  Murray  and  Pipestone  counties  he  followed  mer- 
chandising for  four  years.  Then  a  move  was  made  to 
Bazile  Mills,  Nebraska,  and  there  Mr.  Spensley  opened 
a  livery  stable.  One  year  later  he  went  to' western 
Nebraska  and  farmed. "  Next  he  came  to  Baker  City, 
and  in  October,  1894,  he  settled  in  Lapwai.  He  raised 

Lapwai.  Later  he  operated  a  livery  stable  in  Lewiston 
and  then  he  returned  and  erected  a  hotel  and  feed 
stable  in  Lapwai,  which  he  operated  until  June,  1902. 
On  Februaiy  21,  1890,  Mr.  Spensley  married  Miss 
Kate  Piatt,  in  Daw  son  county,  Nebraska.  Her  parents 
were  Lafayette  and  Eliza  "(Cole)  Piatt,  natives  re- 
spectively of  Indiana  and  Illinois.  Mrs.  Spensely  has 
the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Joshua, 
Dora,  Elizabeth,  Walter,  Chauncey,  Pearl  and  Earl. 
Mr.  Spensley  has  the  following  named  sisters:  Mary 
F.,  Emma  A..  Agnes,  Minnie  and  Kate.  The  second 
one  is  able  to  speak  six  different  languages,  and  all 
are  well  educated.  Part  of  them  belong  to  the  Catholic 
church  and  part  belong  to  the  Episcopalian  church. 
In  political  matters  Mr.  Spensley  is  a  Republican  and 
takes  the  proper  interests  in  the  affairs  of  state.  He 

facilities  and  is  an  enterprising  and  progressive  citi- 


NET.S  P.  SKOW.  This  intelligent  and  industri- 
farmer  and  stockman  of  the  reservation  country  is 
one  who  has  done  his  share  in  the  good  work  of  im- 
provement and  opening  up  of  the  country  and  he  is 
entitled  to  a  consideration  in  his  county's  history. 

Nels  P.  Skow  was  born  in  Denmark,  on  September 
13,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Catrine  Skow, 
natives"  of  Denmark,  and  died  in  1894  and  1895,  re- 
spectively. Nels  grew  to  manhood  in  the  native  coun- 
try and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools.  At  the 
age  of  twenty  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled 
in  Minnesota.  'He  railroaded  there  for  three  years 
and  then  went  to  Canada  and  did  the  same  work  un- 
til 1886,  when  he  made  his  way  to  Portland,  Oregon. 
There  and  in  the  Sound  country  he  railroaded  and  later 
went  to  farming  in  Stevens  county,  Washington.  He 
was  defrauded  out  of  his  honest  earnings  there  after 
eight  years  of  hard  toil.  In  1896  he  came  to  the 
reservation  country  and  took  his  present  place,  four 
miles  southeast  from  Melrose.  This  has  been  the 
scene  of  his  labors  and  plans  since,  and  he  now  has  a 


fine  farm  all  under  cultivation,  good  buildings,  com- 
fortable residence  and  a  goodly  holding  of  stock. 

On  October  22,  1894,  Mr.  Skow  married  Mary  A. 
Curry,  daughter  of  Matthew  and  Elsie  (Walker) 
Curry,  natives  of  Scotland.  One  son  has  been  born  to 
this  union,  Nels.  By  a  former  marriage  Mrs.  Skow 
has  two  children,  Elsie  and  Bernice.  Mrs.  Skow  was 
born  in  Ashland  county,"  Ohio,  in  1868,  and  has  four 
brothers  and  two  sisters,  Theodore,  Maggie  Marion, 
William,  Matthew,  Elsie  and  Earl. 

Mr.  Skow  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters:  Peter,  Samuel,  Bertie,  Catherine  and  Elsie. 
They  are  both  members  of  the  Methodist  church  and 
hearty  supporters  of  their  faith.  In  political  matters 
they  are  both  Republicans  and  intelligent  in  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day  and  also  actively  interested  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  welfare  of  the  community.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Skow  are  respected  and  influential  people. 


CHARLES  C.  BUNNELL.  No  more  familiar  < 
figure  and  substantial  business  man  and  patriotic  citi- 
zen is  seen  on  the  streets  of  Lewiston  than  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article.  Mr.  Bunnell  was  born  in  Roches- 
ter, New  York,  on  October  5.  1835,  being  the  son  of 
Dennis  D.  and  Eliza  (Durand)  Bunnell,  natives  of 
Connecticut,  the  mother  coming  to  New  York  in  1818. 
When  two  years  old,  our  subject  came  west  with  the 
family  to  Michigan  and  settled  in  Marshall.  The 
father  farmed  there  and  also  conducted  various 
financial  operations.  In  March,  1850,  he  died  and  in 
October  of  the  same  year  the  mother  passed  away, 
having  returned  to  New  York  to  be  among  old  friends. 
Charles  C.  remained  with  his  brothers,  Augustus  and 
D.  D.,  for  two  years  in  Milwaukee,  then  returned  to 
Rochester,  New  York,  and  there  learned  the  tinner's 
trade.  He  worked  at  it  five  years  in  Rochester  and 
then  went  to  Michigan  for  a  few  months,  then  on  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  in  May,  1857,  whence  he  to'ok  a 
trip  to  San  Francisco,  but  returned  to  Portland,  and 
then  to  The  Dalles,  where  he  did  well,  saving  one 
thousand  dollars.  He  went  to  Portland  in  1860  and 
opened  a  tinware  and  stove  store  with  his  brother, 
D.  D.  They  worked  together  until  1868.  In  1862, 
however,  our  subject  came  to  Lewiston.  A  few  peo- 
ple had  stopped  there  the  previous  year,  but  Mr. 
Bunnell  is  about  one  of  the  oldest  settler's.  He  and  his 
brother  put  up  a  quartz  mill  at  Sparta.  Baker  county, 
Oregon,  which  proved  a  financial  failure;  in  1868, 
when  he  and  his  brother  dissolved  partnership,  the 
mill  fell  into  his  hands  and  he  sold  it  at  a  great  sacri- 
fice. Our  subject  started  into  the  tinware  business 
in  Lewiston  in  1862,  manufacturing  all  his  own  stock; 
he  soon  added  hardware  and  stoves  and  prosperity 
came  to  him  constantly.  He  labored  faithfully  year 
after  year,  gaining  a  fine  patronage  by  his  kind  and 
upright  treatment  of  all  and  his  business  became  one 

block  where  he  conducted  it,  having  sold  the  business, 
feeling  assured  that  he  has  well  earned  the  retirement 
that  now  comes  to  him  in  the  golden  years  of  hi: 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


283 


well  spent  career.  He  also  owns  a  number  of  dwell- 
ings and  some  farms  adjacent  to  Lewiston.  1899  was 
the  date  that  Mr.  Bunnell  sold  his  business  and  retired 
from  the  store. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Bunnell  and  Miss  Flora 
Springer,  daughter  of  Wesley  and  Rebecca  (Shoe- 
maker) Graves,  was  solemnized  on  September  22, 
1872.  Mr.  Graves  came  to  Oregon  in  1852  and  he 
was  proprietor  of  the  Chemetka  Hotel  in  Salem  for 
years.  Mrs.  Bunnell  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Illi- 
nois, in  1845,  an(l  was  but  seven  years  old  when  she 
came  with  her  parents  to  Oregon.  The  other  mem- 
bers of  her  father's  family  are  Johanna  Springer,  in 
Lewiston ;  Mary  Lenninger  Graves,  in  Oregon ;  Mattie 
Cardwell,  also  in  Oregon.  Mr.  Bunnell's  brothers  and 
sisters  are,  Augustus,  William  and  Dennis  D.,  all 
deceased. 

Mr.  Bunnell  is  a  charter  member  of  Nezperce 
Lodge  of  Masons,  No.  10,  and  has  been  its  treasurer 
since  its  organization.  He  and  his  estimable  wife  are 
members  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  in  Lewis- 
I  ton.  He  has  never  sought  office  in  any  form  and 
although  being  frequently  solicited  by  friends  to  ac- 
cept, he  has  steadily  declined.  Mr.  Bunnell  is  one  of 
the  real  builder  of  the  county  and  has  been  one  of  its 
most  successful  business  men,  is  esteemed  by  all  and 
highly  respected  as  a  worthy  pioneer  and  gentleman 
of  integrity.  He  has  been  a  director  of  the  Lewiston 
National  Bank  since  1888,  and  for  three  years  was 
president  of  the  institution. 


THOMAS  M.  BUTLER.  This  enterprising  and 
leading  farmer  in  the  vicinity  of  Rosetta,  is  a 
native  of  the  Occident,  and  his  career  has  all  been  spent 
in  the  west.  He  is  a  son  of  this  country,  in  which 
commendable  pride  may  be  taken,  and  has  done  a 
great  deal  to  assist  in  its  development  and  upbuilding. 
Therefore  a  brief  review  of  his  life  will  be  quite  in 
place  in  this  history  of  his  county. 

Thomas  M.  Butler  was  born  near  the  John  Day, 
in  Oregon,  on  November  12,  1867,  being  the  son  of 
•Jason  R.  and  Mary  K.  (Fields)  Butler,  natives  re- 
spectively of  Rockland,  Maine,  and  Linn  county,  Ore- 
gon, the  latter  being  born  on  December  12,  1847.  The 

mon  school  education  and  was  reared  amid  the  sur- 
roundings and  labors  of  a  western  farm.  He  remained 
in  the  native  place  until  1890,  engaged  in  farming  and 
•  at  the  year  mentioned  he  migrated  to  the  favored 
country  of  Idaho.  He  rented  land  on  the  Potlatch 
until  1896  and  then,  upon'  the  opening  of  the  reser- 
vation, he  selected  his  present  place,  two  miles  west 
from  Rosetta  and  homesteaded  it.  Since  that  time  this 
has  been  his  home  and  he  has  devoted  himself  to 
general  farming  and  has  prospered.  At  the  present 
time  Mr.  Butler  is  erecting  a  fine,  two-story  house, 
which,  when  completed,  will  be  one  of  the  finest  rural 
abodes  in  the  county.  In  addition  to  the  comfort  and 
beauty  that  skill  and  architecture  can  make  of  the 
residence,  Mr.  Butler  is  exceptionally  well  favored,  in 


that  from  the  veranda  of  his  beautiful  home  can  be 
seen  for  miles  the  fertile  valleys  of  the  Potlatch  and 
the  Cottonwood,  making  a  sight  that  will  feast  the 
eyes  of  the  lover  of  landscape  beauty.  This  enraptur- 
ing view  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  to  be  found  any- 
where on  the  reservation  and  to  have  it  constantly  as 
the  vista  of  the  home  place  makes  Mr.  Butler  especi- 
ally favored  in  his  home  surroundings. 

'Mr.  Butler  married  Miss  Mabel  J.,  daughter  of 
Charles  B.  and  Margaret  (Weeks)  Herrick.  and  a 
native  of  Iowa,  on  June  13,  1886.  She  has  two 
brothers  and  one  sister  living,  Fred,  Clarence  and 
Nellie  G.  Mr.  Butler  has  the  following  named  broth- 
ers and  sisters:  William  C.  and  Clarence  A.,  both 
living  in  Idaho;  Lucinda.  A.,  wife  of  Charles  W. 
Little;  Liilia  A,,  wife  of  Charles  W.  Laughlin ; 
Catherine  I.,  wife  of  Lonzo  McWillis ;  Sophrona  A., 
wife  of  Fred  N.  Fells ;  Clara  E.,  and  Bessie  A. 


CHARLES  C.  MILES.  It  is  very  gratifying  to 
see  so  many  enterprising  and  sagacious  young  men 
taking  up  business  and  residence  in  Nez  Perces  county, 
and  a  real  leader  in  these  qualities  mentioned  is  the 
subject  of  this  article.  He  is  postmaster  at  Webb,  hav- 
ing been  the  moving  spirit  in  getting  the  office  estab- 
lished. In  addition  to  that  he  handles  a  general 
merchandise  business  and  his  fair  dealing,  his  upright- 
ness, and  his  differential  treatment  of  customers  have 
given  him  a  good  patronage  that  is  constantly  in- 
creasing. He  also  handles  a  farm,  having  a  fine  estate 
well  improved  and  stocked  with  cattle,  horses  and 
hogs.  Thus  it  is  seen  that  Mr.  Miles  is  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  this  section,  is  an  active,  public 
minded,  and  capable  young  man  of  excellent  stand- 
ing. 

We  note  that  Charles  C.  Miles  was  bon  in  Wise 
county,  Texas,  on  October  30,  1874,  being  the  son  of 
John  and  Caroline  (King)  Miles.  The  father  was  a 
farmer,  born  in  Marion  county,  Missouri,  a  pioneer 
of  Texas  and  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war,  being  in 
Company  E,  First  Arkansas  Cavalry.  The  grand- 
father was  killed  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans.  His 
great-grandfather,  although  the  son  of  a  slave  owner, 
grew  up  believing  that  slavery  was  wrong  and  left 
home  on  account  of  his  sentiments.  The  father  was 
sheriff  of  Parker  county,  Texas,  and  is  now  living  in 
Douglas  county,  Oregon.  His  birth  occurred  in  1844. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Missouri,  on 
April  ii,  1847.  When  Charles  was  ten  years  of  age 
the  family  removed  to  Colorado  for  his  father's  health. 
Then  they  went  to  southern  Idaho,  later  to  northern 
California  and  finally  settled  in  Myrtle  Creek.  Oregon, 
where  they  now  live.  Our  subject  was  well  educated 
in  the  various  places  where  he  lived  and  for  years 
taught  in  Oregon,  being  numbered  with  the  leading 
educators  of  the  section.  He  went  to  Crook  county, 
Oregon,  later,  and  read  law  and  then  removed  to  Xez 
Perce.s  county,  where  he  took  land.  In  1898,  when  the 
Spanish  war  broke  out.  he  was  in  the  field  plowing 
when  he  heard  of  it,  and  he  immediately  unhitched  his 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


teams,  turning  them  on  the  range,  leaving  thirty  acres 
of  sowed  grain  uncovered,  and  at  once  went  to  enlist 
for  the  conflict.  He  was  a  member  of  .Company  B, 
First  Idaho  Volunteers,  and  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Manila,  helped  take  that  town,  fought  with  the 
insurgents  there,  was  in  the  conflict  at  Santa  Anna, 
and  also  at  Caloocan.  He  returned  in  1899,  being  dis- 
charged for  disability.  He  afterwards  went  on  to  his 
ranch,  opened  a  store,  got  his  postoffice  and  has  since 
done  business  there. 

On  May  10,  1900,  Mr.  Miles  married  Miss  Sadie 
Fansler,  at  Lewiston.    Her  parents,  Jesse  and  Amanda 
(Roy)   Fansler,  were  born  respectively  in  Virginia  in 
1849  and  m  West  Virginia  in  1864.     Mrs  Miles  was 
born  in  West  Virginia  in  1883.    She  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Camclen,  Zernie,  Jessie  M.,  Roy, 
Golden.  William.     Mr.  Miles  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:   Telitha,  John  R.,   Ira,   Harold, 
Rose  and  Arthur.     By  a  previous  marriage  Mr.  Miles 
has  two  children,  Frances  R.,  and  John  R.    Mr.  Mil< 
has    been    elected   justice   of   the   peace   but    did   n 
qualify.    He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christie 
church.     In  political  matters  he  is  a  stanch  and  actii 
Republican.     He  takes  great  interest  in  the  progre: 
of  all  good  measures,  and  is  especially  active  in  pro- 
moting good  schools.     He  has  been  a  member  of  the 


JEFFERSON  D.  TRIPLETT.  A  good  sub- 
stantial man  and  a  loyal  citizen  of  our  free  land,  a 
pleasant  and  accommodating  neighbor,  and  an  industri- 
ous farmer,  we  are  constrained  to  grant  to  the  subject 
of  this  article  a  representation  in  the  history  of  Nez 
Perces  county. 

Jefferson  D.  Triplett  was  born  in  Putnam  county, 
Missouri,  on  December  9,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Jolin 
and  Mary  (Bridgefarmer)  Triplett,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky. The  father  was  born  in  1820  and  his  parents 
were  natives  of  Kentucky  and  of  English  and  Irish 
extraction.  The  mother  "was  born  in  1819  and  her 
parents  were  also  natives  of  Kentucky  and  of  Irish 
lineage.  When  three  years  old  Jefferson  went  to 
Arkansas  with  his  parents,  and  there  grew  up  and 
was  educated  in  the  district  schools.  At  seventeen, 
he  left  home  and  railroaded,  and  later  spent  four  years 
on  the  Northern  Pacific.  Returning  home,  he  labored 
in  a  saw  mill  for  two  years  and  then  came  to  Idaho 
and  filed  on  a  forty  on  the  reservation,  about  one  and 
one-half  miles  southwest  from  Gifford.  He  rents  one 
hundred  and  eighty  acres  in  addition  and  raises  much 
flax  and  barley.  Mr.  Triplett  has  eight  brothers, 
George,  in  Spokane;  William,  farmer  in  Missouri; 
John^  a  trader  in  Arkansas ;  Mack,  engineer  in  a  saw 
mill,  and  Richard,  a  farmer,  both  in  Arkansas;  Dock, 
Jasper  and  Columbus,  in  Nez  Perces  county. 

At  Leland.  on  February  9,  1890,  Mr.  Triplett  mar- 
ried Miss  Ella  Florence, "daughter  of  Matthew  and 
Elizabeth  (Luther)  Williams.  Mr.  Williams  was  born 
in  West  Virginia  and  died  September  14,  1900.  aged 
seventy-three.  His  wife  was  born  in  Illinois  and  died 


March  i,  1899,  aged  sixty-three.  Mrs.  Triplett  was 
born  in  Illinois  and  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Charles  W.,  in  Lewiston,  and  George  A.,  in  I 
Asotin  county,  Washington,  twins ;  John  E.,  a  Metho- 
dist preacher  in  Prosser:  William  M.,  in  Asotin  coun- 
ty ;  Lowe  L.,  near  Girtord :  Martha,  wife  of  M.  Duty, 
a  retired  farmer  in  Illinois;  Mary,  wife  of  John  Black, 
at  Gifiord;  Lulu,  wife  of  E.  Carter,  near  Gifford. 
Six  children  have  been  horn  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Triplett, 
Fred,  born  January  18,  1891 ;  Edith,  born  July  17, 
1892;  Nellie,  born  November  30,  1893;  Hazel,  born 
in  December,  1895;  Marion,  born  in  October,  1897; 
George,  born  in  April,  1900.  Mr.  Triplett  is  a  Demo- 
crat and  has  been  a  delegate  to  the  conventions  and 
was  constable  in  the  Potlatch  country.  He  is  active 
for  good  loads,  excellent  schools,  and  progress  and 
development  generally. 


ROBERT  M.  WRIGHT.  Many  were  the  hard- 
ships that  the  subject  of  this  article  had  to  undergo 
in  the  times  of  the  terrible  Rebellion.  His  father  was 
a  Union  man,  and  living  in  West  Virginia,  he  was  es- 
posed  to  great  dangers  and  troubles  and  these  things 
early  impressed  themselves  on  young  Wright.  In  Bar- 
bour  county,  that  state,  Robert  M.  was  born  June  10, 
1858,  his  parents  being  William  J.  and  Sarah  A.  (His- 
kell)  Wright.  The  father  was  born  in  Barbour  county 
June  8,  1833,  and  was  a  pioneer  of  that  county,  as  also  ; 
was  his  father.  William  Wright  fought  for  the  stars 
and  stripes  in  Company  F,  Tenth  West  Virginia 
Volunter  Infantry.  He  still  lives  though  wounded  in 
the  war  and  is  a  very  active  politician  and  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  national  convention  in  1900.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Preston  county,  West  Vir-  t 
ginia,  in  1834  and  her  father  came  from  Germany. 
Robert  M.  grew  up  on  the  farm,  received  his  education 
in  the  schools  of  his  vicinity,  and  there  he  farmed  un- 
til 1890.  Then  he  sold  out  and  made  the  long  journey 
to  Kendrick.  Idaho,  thence  to  the  Potlatch.  Later  he  j 
bought  the  townsite  of  Southwick  and  named  the  town 
Grafton,  but  the  post  office  has  since  been  changed  to 
Southwick.  It  is  a  good  business  point.  In  1896  Mr. 
Wright  sold  his  interest  there,  went  to  the  reservation, 
took  a  claim  near  Steele  and  farmed  there  unttil  1901, 
when  he  sold  the  property  and  bought  two  hundred 
and  forty  acres  where  he  now  lives,  one  and  one-half 
miles  south  from  Southwick.  He  has  a  good  house 
and  barn,  raises  cattle  and  does  a  general  farming  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Wright  also  breeds  fine  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  hogs,  and  raises  so  much  stock  that  they  \ 
consume  all  the  grain  of  his  farm. 

In  1880  Mr/ Wright  married  Miss  Laura  Mustoe 
and  to  them  were  born  Ernest  L.,  Robert  R..  Clinton 
C.  and  Darl  D.  In  1894  Mr.  Wright  married  Mis 
Amanda  Myers  and  two  children  were  born  to  them, 
Madolin.  William  M.  In  1898  Mr.  Wright  married 
Miss  Eva,  daughter  of  Tweed  and  Cordelia  Helm, 
natives  of  Missouri.  Mrs.  Wright  was  born  in  Cali- 
fornia in  1871  and  has  four  sisters  and  two  brothers: 
Lizzie,  Emma,  Jane,  Lucy,  Newton,  and  Charlie,  the 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


28.5 


last  one  being  in  South  Africa.  Mr.  Wright  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Arnold  R.. 
Lewis,  Tabitha  E.,  Martha  E.,  Catherine  E., 
Sarah  E.,  Florence  E.,  Amanda.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
•Wright  are  members  of  the  United  Brethren 
church,  while  Mr.  Wright  is  a  Republican  and 
an  active  participant  in  the  questions  of  the 
day  and  of  local  interest.  He  is  a  prominent 
figure  in  the  conventions  and  the  caucuses.  In  edu- 
cational matters  Mr.  Wright  has  made  his  influence 
felt  for  betterment  and  advancement  and  has  done 
good  service  on  the  boards. 


GEORGE  H.  WYMAN.  Just  west  from  Rosetta 
post  office  is  the  estate  of  Mr.  Wyman,  a  man  whose 
labors  along  the  line  of  pioneering  in  and  developing 
this  western  country,  have  been  assiduous  and  well 
bestowed.  He  is  a  man  of  thrift  and  keen  discrimi- 
nation in  financial  affairs  and  has  prospered  in  his 
homestead  venture  on  the  reservation. 

George  H.  Wyman  was  born  in  Vinton  county, 
Ohio,  on  May  25,  1846,  being  the  son  of  Arthur  and 
Annie  ( Salts)  Wyman.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
New  York,  as  were  his  ancestors  for  some  generations 
back.  He  died  in  Knox  county,  Illinois,  in  his  seventy- 
eighth  year.  The  mother  was  born  in  Maine,  of  Ger- 
man and  Scotch  ancestry  and  died  aged  seventy- 
nine.  When  seven,  George  came  with  his  parents  from 
Ohio  to  Illinois  and  there  spent  twenty-seven  years. 
I  He  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  and  began 
his  individual  business  career  when  he  was  twenty. 
He  rented  land  and  farmed  in  Illinois,  Missouri,  Ne- 
braska, Kansas,  and  in  1899  he  came  to  Washington. 
He  located  near  Oakesdale,  bought  land  and  farmed 
until  1891,  then  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Leland,  Nez 
Perces  county.  He  farmed  his  own  property  and 
leased  land  and  when  the  disastrous  year  of  1893 
came,  he,  with  the  majority  of  others,  lost  his  land. 
Upon  the  opening  of  the  reservation  he  came  hither 
and  located  his  present  place.  A  man  anxious  for  the 
same  place  pulled  a  gun  on  Mr.  Wyman,  but  firmness 
gained  the  day  and  not  only  the  land,  but  the  angry 
man  is  now  a  friend.  Mr.  Wyman  has  a  neat  and 
comfortable  home,  a  good  barn,  outbuildings  and 
orchard  and  does  a  good  farming  business.  He  has 
some  exceptionally  fine  apples,  one  specimen  weighing 
one  pound  and  ten  ounces.  Mr.  Wyman  has  three 
brothers,  John,  Edward  J.  and  Stephen,  farmers  in 
Knox  county,  Illinois;  also  two  sisters,  Minerva,  in 
Knox  county,  wife  of  Noah  C.  Dawson ;  Eliza,  widow 
of  Robert  Bolding,  now  living  on  her  fruit  ranch  near 
Leland. 

On  May  21,  1866,  Mr.  Wyman  married  Lucinda, 
daughter  of  Freeman  and  Rebecca  (Jackson)  Myrick, 
both  deceased.  To  this  union  there  were  born  five 
children :  William  A.,  gardner  near  Willola ;  Stephen 
A.  rents  Indian  land  near  his  father;  Edward  A.  has 
eighty  acres  near  his  father ;  Emma,  now  deceased,  wife 
of  Thomas  Terrel :  Annie,  wife  of  John  Eaton,  of 
Elberton,  Washington.  In  October,  1892,  Mrs. 


Wyman  was  called  by  death  from  her  home  and 
family.  On  August  24,  1894,  at  Juliaetta,  Mr.  Wy- 
man married  Martha  H.  Baker,  widow  of  James  H. 
Baker.  She  was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Vermont, 
in  1850,  the  daughter  of  George  E.  and  Mary  (Rowe) 
Edgar,  natives  of  Scotland  and  England,  respectively. 
Mrs.  Wyman  has  two  sons  by  her  former  marriage, 
Charles  and  John,  in  Michigan.  Mr.  Wyman  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  United  Brethren  church. 
He  is  an  active  Republican,  takes  part  in  the  conven- 
tions, and  is  especially  active  in  the  progress  of  the 
country.  He  is  always  on  hand  to  donate  any  work 
for  the  bettering  of  the  roads  and  is  an  enthusiastic 
laborer  for  upbuilding  in  all  lines  and  this  has  been 
of  inestimable  good  to  the  community. 


WILLIAM  J.  RAMEY.  The  progressive,  talent- 
ed, successful  and  leading  business  man  of  whom  we 
now  speak,  is  well  known  in  Nezperce  and  through  the 
county,  being  a  large  lumber  dealer  and  manufacturer, 
as  well  as  a  large  real  estate  holder.  His  excellent 
capabilities  have  been  manifested  in  a  commendable 
manner  in  his  business  career  and  owing  to  his  keen 

he  has  placed  himself  among  the  heaviest  property 
owners  in  this  part  of  the  state. 

William  J.  Ramey  was  born  in  Dassel,  Meeker 
county,  Minnesota,  on  February  26,  1869,  being  the 
son  of  Sylvester  and  Delilah  'C.  (Gilbert)  Ramey. 
The  father  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  his  parents 
were  natives  of  the  same  state.  Just  at  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war,  they  removed  to  Minnesota  and  there 
he  enlisted  in  the  Union  army  and  fought  for  the  flag 
for  two  and  one-half  years.  He  is  now  aged  fifty- 
eight  and  lives  in  Kootenai  county,  Idaho.  In  1880 
he  was  in  Portland  in  the  saw  mill  business  with  our 
subject,  and  then  he  was  foreman  and  manager  of 
Goldsmith  &  Company's  mills  at  La  Prairie,  formerly 
Texas  Terry,  Washington,  being  an  expert  timberman. 
The  family  then  resided  in  Lewiston  and  later  Mr. 
Rarriey  was  bridge  builder  for  the  Northern  Pacific. 
He  went  to  Kootenai  county  in  1889.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  also  born  in  Kentucky,  of  parents  who 
were  natives  of  that  state,  too.  She  went  with  them  to 
Minnesota  at  the  close  of  the  war  and  there  married. 
William  T-  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  in 
Minnesota,  then  in  Rockford  public  schools,  and 
finally  took  a  course  in  the  business  college  in  Spo- 
kane. Subsequent  to  this,  he  traveled  for  fire  insur- 
ance for  two  years  and  then  opened  an  office  in  Tekoa, 
Washington,  where 'he  continued  until  1896.  Then  he 
came  to  the  reservation,  being  quick  to  perceive  the 
advantages  there  to  be  had.  He  bought  a  milling  plant 
twelve  miles  north  from  Nezperce  and  to  the  operation 
of  this  and  handling  his  fine  farms  in  the  county  he 
has  since  continued.  He  has  about  eight  hundred 
acres  of  excellent  land,  all  in  to  hay  and  grain  and  he 
feeds  scores  of  cattle  and  hogs.  Mr.  Ramey  has  a  fine 
residence  in  Nezperce  and  also  business  property  there ; 
he  has  constructed  a  private  telephone  for  his  use,  from 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  mills  to  the  residence  and  office,  it  being  the  finest 
private  line  in  the  county.  His  mill  will  cut  thirty 
thousand  feet  of  lumber  daily  and  he  has  machinery 
to  produce  all  kinds  of  finished  material,  and  is  doing 
a  thriving  business,  in  all  of  which,  as  in  his  real 
estate  matters,  is  seen  his  executive  force  and  wisdom. 
His  brother,  Charls  P.,  is  foreman  and  manager  of  the 
mill  at  Russell  and  is  a  capable  man.  Mr.  Ramey  has 
also  four  sisters :  Jane,  wife  of  Paul  Roscoe,  a  stock- 
man in  northern  Idaho  and  Montana;  Victoria,  wife 
of  Alexander  Bailey,  a  saw  mill  man  at  Harrison, 
Idaho :  Roxy,  wife  of  Charles  Van  Amburg,  a  mining 
man  at  Murray,  Idaho;  Effie,  wife  of  Edward  Rib- 
stein,  a  hardware  merchant  at  Harrison. 

On  February  6,  1895,  Mr.  Ramey  married  Miss 
Bertha  A.  Whitney,  at  Palouse,  Washington,  and  to 
them  have  been  born  thee  children:  Marvel  A.,  Lois, 
and  Olga.  Mrs.  Ramey  was  born  in  Woodburn,  Ore- 
gon, on  September  20,  1879,  anc'  ner  parents,  David 
and  Minerva  (Braun)  Whitney,  were  pioneers  of  that 
state.  The  father  was  born  in  England  and  is  an  old 
sea  captain.  The  mother  was  born  in  Illinois  of  Ger- 
man ancestry.  Mr.  Ramey  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of 
P.  in  Wallace,  Idaho;  and  of  the  W.  W.  and  M.  W. 
A.,  in  Xezperce.  He  is  an  active  Democrat  in  po- 
litical matters  and  interested  keenly  in  all  that  is  for 


ADAM  RAMMERS.  The  achievements  of  this 
enterprising  gentleman  in  several  lines  demonstrate 
him  to  be  possessed  of  excellent  ability  and  keen  busi- 
ness discrimination  and  he  holds  the  meed  of  his  labor 
in  good  income  paying  property  in  various  places. 

Adam  Kammers  was  born 'in  Cook  county,  Illi- 
-nois,  in  fune  1865,  being  the  son  of  Matthew  and 
Lucy  Kammers.  The  father  was  born  in  Germany 
in  1814  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  settling 
on  ten  acres,  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Chicago.  He 
gardened  and  later  sold  his  land  for  excellent  prices. 
He  died  in  1891.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Germany  in  1824  and  died  in  1876.  Adam  went 
with  his  parents  to  Tennessee  when  he  was  thirteen 
and  later  they  settled  in  Iroquois  county.  Twelve  years 
there  and  they  sold  out  and  removed  to  Hamilton 
county,  Iowa.  Thirteen  years  were  spent  there  and  our 
subject  then  came  to  the  Palouse  country  in  1889. 
He  bought  town  property  and  lived  in  Uniontown  for 
some  time  and  then  bought  a  farm  of  two  hundred 
and  forty  acres.  In  1897  he  bought  his  present  place, 
about  one  mile  northwest  from  Westlake, 


here  a  half  section.     He 


i  general   farm  bin 


ness,  raises  stock  and  is  well-to-do.  Mr.  Kammers  has 
also  been  operating  a  blacksmith  and  wood  work  shop 
in  Westlake  and  is  doing  a  good  business.  He  is 
purchasing  property  in  Vineland  and  has  the  con- 
tract to  erect  a  church  building  there.  Mr.  Kammers 
has  recently  rented  his  fine  farm  for  six  years  and  is 
devoting  his  energies  entirely  to  mechanical  work,  in 
which  line  he  is  skillful  and  liberally  patronized. 

In  December,  1887,  in  Wright  "county,  Iowa,  Mr. 


Kammers  married  Miss  Barbara,  daughter  of  Chris- 
tian and  Kate  (Elier)  Slader,  natives  of  Germany. 
Mrs.  Kammers  was  born  in  Germany  and  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Tony,  Peter, 
Susan,  Kate.  Mr.  Kammers  has  four  sisters,  Han- 
nah, Lina,  Kate  and  Mary.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife,  Frank,  John,  Walter, 
William.  Mr.  Kammers  and  his  family  are  all  mem- 
bers of  the  Catholic  church.  Politically  he  is  allied 
with  the  Democrats  and  a  firm  supporter  of  progress 
and  upbuilding.  Mr.  Kammers  has  been  successful  in 
another  line  than  what  we  have  mentioned;  for  six 
years  he  has  owned  and  operated  a  threshing  outfit. 


CHARLES  L.  WALKER  was  born  in  Brecken- 
ridge  county,  Kentucky,  on  June  4,  1852,  being  the 
son  of  Ralph  B.  and  Judith  (Compton)  Walker,  na- 
tives of  Kentucky.  The  father  was  an  orderly  ser- 
geant under  Major  Winker,  in  the  Rebellion.  Besides 
our  subject  they  were  the  parents  of  the  folowing  named 
children :  Henry  C,  born  February  21,  1846,  in  Breck- 
enridge  county,  was  a  private  in  Company  K,  Third 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  has  been  county  commissioner  in 
Barber  county,  Kansas,  for  six  years  and  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Democrats  and  Populists  for  represent- 
ative; Mary  E.,  wife  of  Ben  F.  Walker  and  born  in 
Breckenridge  county,  November  8,  1848;  Levi  T., 
born  January  14,  1850;  John  A.,  born  September  17, 
1854:  George  R.,  born  November  27,  1857.  Our  sub- 
ject remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-two 
and  then  started  in  life  for  himself,  possessing  the 
capital  of  two  good  strong  hands,  a  courageous  heart, 
and  plenty  of  pluck.  December  12,  1876,  he  married 
Emeline  S.,  daughter  of  Hans  S.  and  Millia  Cochran. 
The  father  was  born  in  Indiana  on  December  31,  1822, 
and  served  in  the  Rebellion.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Tennessee  and  died  on  February  18,  1898.  Mrs.  Wal- 
ker has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters: 
John  W.,  born  in  Greene  county,  Indiana,  on  Septem- 
ber 10,  1843,  served  in  the  Rebellion  and  died  before 
the  close  of  the  war ;  William  O.,  born  in  April,  1845, 
and  served  four  years  in  the  Rebellion,  was  one  year 
with  the  militia  in  Kansas  and  also  served  in  the  same 
capacity  in  1874  and  1875  in  Barber  county  against 
the  Indians,  and  then  joined  Roosevelt's  Rough 
Riders;  Elizabeth  J.  Clements  was  born  in  July,  1855; 
Henry  O.,  born  in  July,  1850,  and  served  two  years  in 
the  Rebellion:  Albert  W.  and  Alfred  A.,  twins,  born 
December  9,  i8st;  Emma  S.,  born  August  24,  1853; 
Alary  A.,  born  'April  7,  1859  and  married  to  Robert 
Kirb'y.  Our  subject  remained  seven  years  in  Barber 
county  and  served  two  years  as  sheriff,  then  followed 
the  cattle  business  until"  1882.  In  that  year  he  came 
to  Whitman  county  and  farmed  for  three  years.  Then 
came  six  years  in  Washington,  two  in  Milton,  Oregon, 
after  which  he  spent  four  years  in  Colfax,  in  charge 

time  in  Oregon  and  Idaho  and  finally  settled  about  two 
miles  northeast  from  Forest,  where  he  has  a  fine  piece 
of  vellow  pine  land.  He  has  devoted  attention  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


clearin.e  Some  of  the  land  and  making  improvements. 
Mr.  Walker  is  an  active  man  in  advancing  the  school 
interests  of  the  vicinity  and  a  good  substantial  citi- 
zen. He  is  a  Republican  in  political  matters.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Walker  there  have  been  born  the  following 
named  children:  Laura  E..  born  August  18,  1877; 
Zopher  L..  born  December  7,  1878;  Lenora  G.,  born 
July  29,  1 88 1 ;  Albert  A.  and  Albertia  A.,  twins,  born 
in  Nez  Perces  county,  January  15,  1885  ;  Eugenia  N., 
born  in  King  county,  Washington,  on  April  23,  1888 : 
Herbert  R.,  born  March  15,  1897,  in  Whitman  county, 
Washington.  The  first  three  were  born  in  Barber 
county,  Kansas. 


ADAMS  G.  JOHNSON.  A  well  known  and 
prominent  citizen  of  the  reservation  country,  being 
also  influential  throughout  the  country,  for  he  was 
elected  county  commissioner,  having  a  plurality  of  two 
hundred  and  forty-four,  Mr.  Johnson  is  entitled  to  a 
place  among  those  represented  in  the  county  history 
and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  accord  the  same  to  him. 

Adams  G.  Johnson  was  born  in  Whiteside  county, 
Illinois,  on  January  14,  1839,  being  the  son  of  Jere- 
miah H.  and  Harriet  M.  (Getty)  Johnson.  The  father 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  New  York,  on  De- 
cember 12,  1797,  and  died  in  1871.  The  paternal 

died  in  1852,  aged  eighty-four.  This  venerable  gen- 
tleman had  married  Miss  Parker,  a  native  of  the  Wy- 
oming valley  in  Pennsylvania.  She  removed  from  that 
fateful  valley  just  three  days  before  Chief  Brant's 
terrible  massacre,  going  to  the  Mohawk  valley  in  New 
•York.  Some  of  the  Parker  family  fought  in  the  Revo- 
lution. A  brother  of  the  lady  mentioned  was  Captain 
Thomas  Parker  in  the  war  of  1812.  This  man  had 
otwo  sons  in  the  Civil  war;  one,  Colonel  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson Parker,  commanded  the  Thirty-fourth  New 
York  Infantry,  and  Captain  Fred  Parker  was  com- 
mander of  a  company  of  his  regiment  and  he  fell  at 
the  battle  of  Chancellorsville.  Our  subject's  father  was 
related  to  Stephen  Hopkins,  the  signer  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  and  he  bore  the  name  of  his  illus- 
trious ancestor,  the  middle  initial  indicating  Hopkins. 
The  family  was  also  related  to  General  Nathaniel 
Greene,  of  Revolutionary  fame.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Erie  county,  New  York,  in  1805 
and  died  in  1872,  being  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  Adams 
G.  was  raised  on  a  farm  in  Illinois  and  educated  in 
the  district  schools  there.  In  1859,  he  and  his  father 
and  some  friends  went  to  Osawattomie,  Kansas,  but 
returned  the  same  year.  Then  our  subject  went  to 
Pikes  Peak  and  mined  for  a  time,  but  as  politics  be- 
came heated,  the  southerners  there  threatening  venge- 
ance in  case  Lincoln  was  elected,  Mr.  Johnson  re- 
turned to  Illinois  for  the  express  purpose  of  voting  for 
Lincoln.  He  made  the  journey  with  ox  team.  Upon 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  Mr.  Johnson  enlisted  in 
Graham's  Independen  Rangers,  a  cavalry  company, 
which  was  taken  from  Moline,  Illinois,  the  place  where 
Mr.  Johnson  went  in  as  a  corporal,  to  Ouincy  and  there 
mustered  in.  Thence  they  went  to  Fort  Leavenworth 


subject  was  captured  by  Price.  Being '  paroled  he 
went  home,  but  later  was  discharged  at  St.  Louis  and 
then  re-enlisted  in  the  Eighth  Kansas  Infantry,  Com- 
pany I,  under  Captain  H.  C.  Austin,  and  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  in  detached  and 
garrison  duty  much  of  this  time.  Mr.  Johnson  was 
mustered  out  on  November  4,  1864,  at  St.  Louis,  after 
which  he  served  one  year  as  auditing  clerk  in  the 
commissary  under  Captain  Hollis  Steadman.  Then  he 
went  to  raising  cotton  in  Arkansas,  later  kept  hotel 
in  Moline,  Illinois,  for  a  time,  and  in  1871  he  came 
to  The  Dalles,  Oregon.  His  family  having  gone  to 
California  to  visit  relatives,  they  joined  him  later  and 
for  a  decade  he  raised  sheep  and  farmed.  Then  he 
was  deputy  sheriff,  then  deputy  United  States  mar- 
shal and  other  official  positions  occupied  by  him  until 
1895,  when  he  came  to  Genesee,  Idaho,  and  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  reservation  he  came  hither,  and  in  1898 
he  filed  on  his  present  place,  three  miles  south  from 
Nezperce.  He  has  a  good  farm  and  does  general 
farming. 

Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Hogue  on  Oc- 
tober 29,  1866.  Her  parents,  James  M.  and  Emma 
(Ridgeway)  Hogue,  lived  in  Newcastle,  Placer  county, 
California,  the  father  being  of  Scotch  descent  and  a 
native  of  Tennessee,  while  the  mother  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  and  was  of  English  extraction.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage,  Hollis  C., 
a  dentist  and  dealer  in  mines,  in  Columbus,  Montana ; 
Emma,  wife  of  S.  B.  McCullough,  a  stockman  in  Ida- 
ho county.  Mr.  Johnson  has  one  sister,  Helen  S. 
Young,  a  widow  in  Geneseo,  Illinois.  Mr.  Johnson  is 
a  Republican  and  active  in  the  political  field,  always 
being  allied  on  the  side  of  progress  and  improvement. 


ISAAC  TELUER  is  one  of  the  men  who  has 
opened  the  western  country  for  settlement,  being  an 
intrepid  pioneer  and  a  man  of  enterprise  and  stirring 
energy.  His  wife  and  children's  allotments  were  taken 
in  1894  and  he  has  a  fine  body  of  land  of  four  hundred 
and  eighty  acres,  with  a  good  large  house  and  other 
improvements,  as  orchard,  fences,  and  so  forth. 

Isaac  Tellier  kas  born  in  Walla  Walla,  on  Febru- 
ary 20,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Louie  and  Angelique 
( 'fecomtah)  Tellier.  The  home  ranch  joined  the 
Whitman  ranch.  The  father  was  born  in  1806  in 
Canada,  and  died  in  1880.  He  settled  in  the  vicinity 
of  Walla  Walla  in  1853.  was  an  independent  trapper 
and  sold  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  American  Company. 
He  knew  Whitman,  Spalding  and  all  the  early  mission- 
aries, also  Dr.  McLoughlin.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  the  Flathead  country  in  1822  and 
lives  with  this  son.  Her  uncle,  Coo'n-Coon-Staine, 
was  chief  of  the  Flatheads.  Our  subject  lived  on  the 
home  ranch  and  was  educated  there  until  fifteen,  when 
he  rode  the  range  until  twenty-two.  In  1883  he  went 
to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  countrv  and  learned  the  harness 
laker's  trade.  Then  he  packed  to  British  Columbia 
ith  General  Sherman  and  afterward  for  the  Northern 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Pacific.  After  this  he  went  to  the  Flathead  reser- 
vation and  worked  for  the  mission  for  a  time,  con- 
tinuing until  1894. 

On  April  14,  1888,  in  Montana,  at  the  Flathead 
mission,  Mr.  Tellier  married  Miss  Cecile,  daughter  of 
Louie  and  Mary  Ann.  The  father  was  a  Frenchman 
and  the  mother  a  Nez  Perces  Indian  woman.  Her 
father  was  a  smart  man  and  one  of  the  first  among  the 
Indians  who  was  educated.  His  Indian  name  was 
Kimpilets,  but  in  English  he  was  known  as  Dick 
Richards.  He  was  a  powerful  chief  and  a  firm 
friend  of  the  whites.  Mrs.  Tellier  was  born  in  Missou- 
la,  Montana,  on  May  30,  1864,  and  she  has  one  sister, 
Lillie  Complevi.lle.  Mr.  Tellier  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Mary  Beauchamp,  Nelson,  Cleo- 
faus,  Theodore,  Adelaide.  The  children  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs  Tellier  are  named  as  follows:  Rosa  Find- 
lay,  who  was  educated  in  the  Montana  mission  and  is 
at  Kamiah ;  Esther,  educated  at  the  Montana  mission ; 
Cleofaus,  Laurett,  Albert,  Louie,  all  at  home  and  will 
be  educated  in  the  English  schools.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Tellier  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church.  He  is  a 
Democrat  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the  campaigns. 


THOMAS  J.  S.  MABBOTT.  While  Mr.  Mabbott 
is  one  of  the  best  farmers  of  his  section  he  is  also  equal- 
ly skilled  in  the  art  of  the  carpenter  and  builder  and  his 
life  has  been  mostly  made  up  in  labors  in  these  two 
important  lines.  He  was  born  in  Iowa  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  January  8,  1849,  being  the  son  of  Christopher 
and  Mary  A.  (Springthrop)  Mabbott.  The  father  was 
a  farmer  and  stockman,  born  in  Rutlandshire,  Eng- 
land, on  March  26,  1809.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1844  and  died  in  1886.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Rutlandshire,  England,  September,  1809,  and  died 
in  1890.  Our  subject  was  educated  and  grew  to  man- 
hood in  Iowa  county  and  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  was  twenty-four.  He  perfected  himself  in  the 
carpenter  trade  and  then  worked  at  it  eight  years  in 
McGregor,  Iowa.  Then  he  removed  to  Sauk  county 
and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  for  two  years, 
after  which  he  farmed  and  in  1894  he  took  an  extended 
trip  all  over  Iowa,  Colorado,  Nebraska,  Wyoming. 
Washington  and  other  places,  finally  settling  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Genesee.  He  farmed  two  years  and  in  1896, 
he  came  and  secured  his  present  place  a  mile  south- 
west from  Ilo. 

On  June  24,  1874,  in  Wisconsin,  Mr.  Mabbott  mar- 
ried Miss  Nellie,  daughter  of  Luke  and  Mary  Ellen 
(Ballou)  Farwell.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in 
Ohio,  in  1826,  and  died  in  1860,  at  Pikes  Peak,  being 
in  that  excitement.  His  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Iowa 
county  and  went  to  California  in  the  exciting  days 
of  1852,  remaining  ten  years.  Mrs.  Mabbott's  mother 
was  born  in  Illinois  in  1827  and  died  when  this  daugh- 
ter was  but  four  years  old.  Mrs.  Mabbott  was  born  in 
Iowa  county  in  1852,  May  26,  and  has  two  sisters, 
Adelia  Jain  and  Adora  Pope.  Mr.  Mabbott  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  Charles  W.,  John  R., 
Amos  M.,  Mary  A.,  Edward  J.,  Christopher  A., 


Martha  A.,  George  W.,  Laura  J.  Five  children  have 
been  born  to  this  worthy  couple :  Ernest  C,  May  L., 
Grace  A.,  Guy  E.,  Ruth  N.  Mr.  Mabbott  is  a  pro- 
gressive and  active  Republican  and  is  on  hand  in  all 
the  primaries  and  the  campaign  fight,  while  also  he 
takes  great  interest  in  the  advancement  of  school 
facilities.  He  has  a  good  home  place,  well  improved, 
and  handled  with  skill  and  thrift. 


ALBERT  G.  WISNER  is  one  of  Nez  Perces 
county's  leading  farmers  and  stockmen,  being  a  man 
of  excellent  capabilities  and  sterling  worth,  which 
have  been  duly  manifested  in  his  business  achieve- 
ments, his  political  career  and  in  his  walk  as  a  citizen 
and  as  an  upright  man.  He  dwells  about  ten  miles 
southeast  from  Lewiston,  on  a  fine  farm  of  three  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres  of  good  land.  This  is  laid  under 
tribute  to  produce  good  wheat  and  barley  each  year, 
while  in  addition,  Mr.  Wisner  handles  about  three 
hundred  head  of  hogs  each  year.  This  alone  would 
be  a  sufficient  industry  for  one  but  also  the  one  line 
in  which  Mr.  Wisner  has  gained  the  finest  success  is  in 
breeding  excellent  Hereford  cattle.  He  has  some  spec- 
imens that  would  delight  the  eye  of  a  stock  connois- 
seur and  of  which  he  is  justly  proud.  Mr.  Wisner 
also  handles  a  section  of  rented  land. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  trace  the  life  of  such  a 
successful  man  and  with  pleasure  we  append  the  de- 
tails. Albert  G.  Wisner  was  born  in  Genesee  county, 
New  York,  on  October  31,  1851,  being  the  son  of 
Peter  S.  Wisner,  who  had  married  Miss  Haner.  The 
father  was  a  carpenter  and  a  native  of  the  Empire 
state  also,  and  1880  is  the  year  of  his  demise.  The 
mother  died  in  1856  and  thus  Albert  never  knew  the 
tender  hand  of  a  mother  while  he  was  growing  up. 
The  parents  removed  to  Kent,  Michigan,  before  the 
death  of  the  mother  and  after  that  sad  occurrence, 
the  father  kept  the  little  band  together  until  our  sub- 
juct  was  ten  years  of  age  and  then  they  all  went  for 
themselves.  However,  Albert  remained  there  and  la- 
bored at  different  callings  until  he  was  twenty-four. 
He  had  purchased  a  portion  of  his  father's  farm  and 
in  1876  sold  that  and  came  to  Douglas  county,  Ore-  • 
gon.  The  next  year,  we  see  him  in  Lewiston  and 
there  he  enlisted  with  General  Howard  to  fight  the 
Indians.  Then  he  was  hired  by  the  government  to 
aid  in  the  construction  of  roads.  Next,  he  logged  on 
the  Clear  water  and  in  the  fall  of  1879,  he  took  a 
claim  south  of  Tammany  hollow.  Later,  he  sold  that 
property  and  bought  the  farm  where  he  now  lives.  His 
place  is  embellished  with  a  fine,  modern,  eight-room 
house  with  plenty  of  closet  and  pantry  room  and  ex- 
ceptionally well  arranged  for  comfort  and  conven- 
ience. He  also  has  a  fine,  large,  red  barn  and  out 
buildings.  Mr.  Wisner  deals  in  cattle  a  great  deal, 
being  an  excellent  judge  of  stock. 

In  April,  1882,  Mr.  Wisner  married  Miss  Lillie, 
daughter  of  W.  H.  and  Ora  (Kirk)  Wishard,  natives 
of  Indiana.  The  father  was  a  wheelwright  and  died 
in  1894  and  the  mother  died  in  1872.  Mrs.  Wisner 


ALBERT  G.  WISNER. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  born  on  September  9,  1861.  Mr.  Wisner  has  the 
following-named  brothers  and  sisters:  Rebecca  Og- 
den,  Matilda  Vanorton,  Byron  D.,  Louisa  Frazee  and 
John  S.,  Adelia  Sessions,'  Gustavus,  Ruth  Warner, 
Frederick.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wisner  have  one  adopted 
child,  Lauretta.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Wisner  is 
a  stanch  Republican  and  votes  the  ticket  straight ;  he 
often  attends  county  conventions  as  delegate.  He  was 
elected  county  commissioner  on  his  ticket  in  1894  and 
with  great  credit  to  himself  and  advantage  to  the 
county  he  served  his  term  and  was  renominated,  but 
the  entire  party  was  snowed  under.  Mr.  Wisner  had 
three  brothers,  Byron,  John  and  Gustavus,  who  fought 
for  their  country  in  the  time  of  the  dark  rebellion.  One 
entered  the  rank's  when  but  fourteen  years  of  age.  Mr. 
Wisner  is  a  strong  advocate  of  good  schools,  has  al- 
ways worked  for  their  betterment  and  is  to  be  credited 
with  much  good  accomplished  in  this  line. 


EDWARD  B.  WILSON.  It  is  remarkable  how- 
many  excellent  mechanics  there  are  in  the  reservation 
portion  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  as  a  pioneer  of  them 
all,  as  well  as  a  leader  in  both  proportions  of  business, 
and  excellence  of  equipment,  we  are  constrained  to 
mention  the  well  known  gentleman  whose  name  is 
at  the  head  of  this  article.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  pioneer 
in  that  he  was  among  the  very  first  settlers  in  the  res- 
ervation country,  and  also  in  that  he  erected  one  of  the 
first  blacksmith  shops  in  Nezperce.  To  the  prosecu- 
tion of  the  business  he  has  steadily  devoted  his  labor 
and  excellent  skill  since  that  date  and  it  is  without 
doubt  that  he  has  today  one  of  the  best  paying  con- 
cerns in  the  state.  Recently,  Mr.  Wilson  took  as  part- 
ner in  business  Mr.  Davis,  and  the  firm  is  known 
as  VVilson  &  Davis.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  first  class  me- 
chanic in  both  wood  and  iron,  and  handles  a  number  of 
men  in  his  shop.  His  shop  is  now  one  of  the  finest  to 
be  found.  It  is  fully  equipped  with  all  modern  and  up- 
to-date  appliances  and  is  a  model  of  neatness  and  or- 
der. The  upper  story  is  arranged  for  a  nice  hall  to 
accommodate  theatrical  entertainments,  it  being  pro- 
vided with  good  stage,  curtains  and  scenery.  It  is 
of  note  that  when  Mr.  Wilson  came  to  this  town  in  the 
fall  of  1896,  he  was  not  well  provided  with  finances, 
and  when  he  erected  the  first  shop  in  February,  1897, 
he  had  but  fifty  dollars.  With  this  humble  start,  by 
industry,  executive  ability,  and  excellent  skill  of  Mr. 
Wilson,  there  has  been  evolved  a  business,  as  stated 
above,  second  to  none  in  the  state ;  he  has  since  pur- 
chased his  partner's  interest:  The  equipment,  build- 
ings, land,  and  so  forth,  all  belong  to  Mr.  Wilson,  per- 
sonally, and  are  at  a  low  estimate  worth  over  five 
thousand  dollars.  In  addition  to  this.  Mr.  Wilson 
owns  a  seven-room  cottage  of  neat  and  tasty  architec- 
tural design,  which  is  his  family  home. 

Reverting  more  to  the  early  life  of  our  subject  we 
note  that  he  was  born  in  Morgan  county,  Illinois,  on 
March  9,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Harriet 
(Breckon)  Wilson.  The  father  was  b'orn  in  Illinois 
in  1833,  of  English  parents,  and  now  lives  in  Central 


City,  Nebraska,  retired.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  England  in  April,  1833,  came  to  the  Un- 
ited States  when  she  was  six  years  old  with  her  par- 
ents, who  are  dead.  She  was  married  in  1854.  Ed- 
ward was  reared  on  a  farm,  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  then  took  a  course  in  mechanical  drawing. 
When  twenty-three,  he  went  to  Nebraska  and  opened 
a  blacksmith  shop.  Eleven  years  were  spent  there  and 
a  move  was  made  to  Moscow ;  then  he  operated  a  shop 
in  Cornwell,  after  which  he  came  to  Nezperce,  as 
stated  above.  Mr.  Wilson  has  two  brothers,  Lincoln, 
a  blacksmith  in  Wyoming,  and  Albert,  a  Methodist 
preacher. 

At  Archer,  Nebraska,  on  September  6.  1888.  Mr. 
VVilson  married  Miss  Viola  V.,  daughter  of  Jacob  B. 
and  Martha  Templin,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  was 
a  merchant  and  operator  of  creameries  in  Archer, 
Nebraska.  He  was  a  popular  and  prominent  man  and 
held  man\-  public  offices.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the  Civil 
war  and  carries  a  wound  in  his  hip,  which  crippled 
him  for  life.  He  served  in  the  Ohio  Cavalry  all 
through  the  conflict.  Mrs.  Wilson  was  born  on  May 
19,  1871,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters ; 
Wilbur,  a  farmer  at  Archer,  Nebraska:  Leonard,  re- 
siding with  his  parents ;  Oliie,  wife  of  George  Avers, 
county  attorney  of  Merrick  county,  Nebraska;  Clara, 
wife  of  Roy  Farnham,  a  farmer  near  Wheatland.  Wy- 
oming ;  Jessie,  a  student  in  Lincoln  University ;  Alice, 
at  home.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  member  of  the  I.  6.  O.  F., 
North  Star  Lodge,  No.  56,  of  Nezperce;  of  the  M. 
W.  A.  and  the  W.  W.,  both  of  Nezperce.  He  and  his 
wife  also  belong  to  the  auxiliaries  of  the  last  two  or- 
ders. They  are  prominent  members  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  have  an  excellent  standing  in  the  commun- 
ity. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson  there  have  been  born 
six  children,  Harry,  Pearl,  Lloyd,  Roy,  Earl,  Glenn. 

His  father  served  in  Company  D,  'loist  Illinois  Vol- 
unteer Infantry  for  three  years  from  enlistment  to  the 
close  of  the  war,  under  General  Sherman,  and  on  the 
march  to  the  sea.  Lookout  Mountain,  Chattanooga  and 
Peach  Tree  Creek. 


ARTHUR  S.  CORDINER.  We  are  constrained 
to  mention  this  genial  and  capable  gentleman,  who  has 
labored  with  unflagging  interest  for  the  upbuilding  of 
the  country  and  the  handling  of  his  business  enter- 
prises. He  has  a  fine  farm  in  the  vicinity  of  Melrose, 
it  being  about  three  miles  southeast  from  the  town,  and 


results  and  he  is  counted  one  of  the  substantia 
of  the  community. 

Arthur  S.  Cordiner  was  born  in  London  c< 
Ontario,  on  April  13,  1866,  being  the  son  of  .\ 
and  Ellen  (Beatty)  Cordiner.  The  father  was 
in  Scot-land  in  1818  and  still  lives.  He  came  to 
ada  in  1848  and  farmed  there.  He  was  one  r 
councillors  in  his  county.  The  mother  of  our  si 
was  born  in  Scotland  in  1828.  and  died  in  1893. 
subject  remained  at  home  until  he  was  eighteen, 
educated  in  the  famous  schools  of  Ontario,  • 


Our 
being 
vhich 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


have   justly   gotten,  a   world   wide   repu 
he  came  to  Walla   Walla  and  worked  c 


on.     Then 
i  farm  for 

five  years.  His  next  move  .was  to  Whitman  county 
where  he  farmed  for  himself.  This  was  a  trying  time 
for  Mr.  Cordiner  for  he  went  to  that  county  with  two 
thousand  dollars  cash  and  came  away  in  six  years  with 
one  thousand  dollars  of  debt.  In  1896  he  settled  on 
his  present  place  and  two  brothers  took  land  adjoining 
his.  They  have  labored  together  and  our  subject  has 
a  fine  orchard  and  does  a  general  farming  business, 
also  raising  many  shire  horses. 

Mr.  Cordiner  is  a  Democrat  and  always  on  the  side 
of  progress  and  advancement.  He  is  a  member  of  tne 
M.  W.  A.  and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  both  at  Melrose.  He 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Alex- 
ander, John,  Mary  Jarron,  William,  George,  Jessie 
Ella  Cook,  Anna  Nevel,  Peter  F. 
,  twins,  both  graduates  of  Pullman,  and 
•  attending  Ann  Arbor  University  and 


Cunningham 
and  James  I 
Peter  is  no 
Robert  S. 


GRANVILLE  O.  DAVIS.  To  the  honest  and 
hardworking  mechanics,  and  those  who  have  taken 
hold  with  their  hands  and  wrought  out  the  develop- 
ment of  the  reservation  country,  we  are  constrained 
to  grant  a  prominent  place  in  the  history  of  our  coun- 
ty, for  we  firmly  believe  that  the  ones  who  have  done 
the  labor  are  the  ones  who  should  receive  the  credit 
of  opening  any  country,  regardless  of  the  amount  of 
wealth  the  laborer  has  gathered.  As  a  leader  in  the  realm 
of-  mechanics  in  Nezperce,  we  mention  Mr.  Davis,  of 
the  firm  of  Wilson  &  Davis,  doubtless  the  largest  firm 
for  blacksmithing  and  wheelwright  work  in  the  coun- 
ty, and  the  operators  of  as  good  a  shop  and  as  well 
furnished  and  equipped  as  there  is  in  the  state.  They 
employ  three  men  besides  the  proprietors  and  Mr. 
Davis  attends  to  the  wheelwright  department. 

Granville  O.  Davis  was  born  in  Ross  county,  Ohio, 
on  February  10,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Horatio  H. 
and  Lucy  (Kuhl)  Davis,  natives  of  Fayette  county, 
Ohio,  born  on  February  22,  1833,  and  1835,  respect- 
lively.  The  father  has  'a  large  shop  in  Lyndon,  Ohio, 
where  he  is  a  prominent  citizen  and  his  ancestors  came 
from  the  Plymouth  Rock  pioneers.  He  was  married  in 
1854.  The  ancestors  of  our  subject's  mother  lived  in 
Virginia  for  seven  generations  back.  Granville  was 
educated  in  his  native  place,  finishing  with  a  course  in 
the  South  Salem  Academy.  In  1878  he  started  in 
blacksmithing  for  himself  in  South  Salem,  "Ohio,  and 
fifteen  years  he  wrought  there.  It  was  1893  that  he 
came  to  Johnson,  Washington,  and  there  operated  the 
best  shop  until  1901,  when  he  came  to  Nezperces  and 
at  first  entered  partnership  with  S.  J.  Doggett,  but 
later  sold  to  Mr.  Doggett  and  in  November,  1901, 
formed  his  present  business  relations.  Mr.  Davis  has 
three  brothers,  Peter  K.,  a  traveling  salesman  for  the 
Gilliam  Manufacturing  Company  of  Canton,  Ohio; 
Horatio  H.,  with  the  same  company :  Jesse  R.,  a  phy- 
sician in  New  York  city.  Mr.  Davis  also- has  three 
sisters,  Ogeda  V.,  single,  living  with  parents ;  Annie, 
wife  of  Joseph  Rohan,  a  horseshoer  in  Jefferson ville, 


Ohio ;  Lucy,  wife  of  Amer  Wilson,  a  farmer  at  Johns 
Washington. 

In  Ross  county,  Ohio,  on  October  30,  1878,  Mr. 
Davis  married  Miss  Vedie  L.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Louisa  (Wilson)  Lumbeck,  natives  of  Ohio.  The 
father  was  an  undertaker  and  died  in  1885,  aged  fifty- 
eight,  while  the  mother  died  January  20,  1903,  in 
Burlington,  Iowa.  Mrs.  Davis  has  one  brother,  Daniel 
W.,  a  physician  at  Burlington,  Iowa.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davis,  Bonnie  L.  and 
Edna  W.  Mr.  Davis  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  McLean 
Lodge,  No.  262  of  Greenfield,  Ohio ;  and  also  of  the 
W.  W.,  at  Nezperce.  He  and  his  wife  are  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  are  highly  respected 
people. 


;ure  that  we 


JACOB  H.  MOWRY.  It  is  with  pleas 
essay  the  task  of  outlining  the  career  of  this  estimable 
gentleman,  since  he  has  demonstrated  in  the  face  of 
overwhelming  odds,  his  integrity,  determination,  and 
ability  to  endure  hardships  and  win  success  in  spite  of 
the  greatest  opposition  and  obstacles  to  overcome. 

Jacob  H.  Mowry  was  born  in  Miami  county,  Ohio, 
on  May  n,  1860.  being  the  son  of  Phillip  and  Sarah 
(Sheilenbarger)  Mowry,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
mother  died  when  our  subject  was  eight  years  old.  His 
father  is  now  aged  seventy-eight  and  is  living  a  retired 
life  at  Covington,  Ohio.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  a 
farm  which  his  father  rented  from  the  noted  patent 
medicine  man,  Dr.  Harter.  He  was  educated  in  the 
high  school  and  when  twenty-one  went  to  Arkansas  to 
raise  cotton.  Later  he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  in  various 
places  in  that  state  he  wrought  at  farming  and  in  the 
starch  works  until  the  opening  of  the  reservation  when 
he  came  hither  and  bought  the  relinquishment  to  his 
present  place.  He  was  rather  depleted  as  to  finances, 
and  his  wife  was  very  poorly  from  consumption. 
Mr.  Mowry  was  forced  to  leave  the  family  and  go  to 
Walla  Walla  and  work  in  the  harvest  fields  to  secure 
food  for  them.  On  November  10,  1897,  Mrs.  Mowry 
died  and  left  four  children,  the  youngest  four  years 
old.  Mr.  Mowry  remained  at  home  and  cared  for  his 
little  ones  as  best  he  could  and  little  by  little  improved 
the  ranch.  He  worked  out  and  one  day  earned  a  little 
pig,  which  he  brought  home  under  his  arm.  He  now 
has  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  descendants  of  that 
animal  on  his  place  and  is  being  prospered  exceedingly 
in  raising  hogs,  being  very  skillful  in  that  line.  Mr. 
Mowry  has  his  place  improved  well,  has  platted  twenty 
acres  and  sold  some  lots  and  is  one  of  the  leading  and 
respected  men  of  the  county.  His  children  are  bright 
and  showing  great  talent  in  the  line  of  music  and  there 
is  great  credit  due  our  subject  for  his  faithful  and  wise 
manner  in  which  he  has  met  the  adversities  of  life  and 
has  wrought. 

On  January  6,  1884,  Mr.  Mowry  married  Miss 
Millie  A.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Thomas) 
Walker,  now  deceased.  Mrs.  Mowry  was  born  in  Illi- 
nois in  1869.  She  had  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters, Lester,  Fred,  Charles  and  Milton,  all  residents  in 
Iowa :  Allie,  wife  of  Seth  Smith,  in  Racine,  Wiscon- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


sin ;  Lula,  single  and  on  the  home  farm  in  Marshall 
county,  Iowa.  The  four  children  of  our  subject  are 
named  as  follows :  Roy,  born  May  15,  1885 ;  Fred,  born 
January  7,  1887;  Hazel  G.,  born  December  30,  1891; 
Pearl,  born  January  3,  1893.  Mr.  Mowry  has  two 
brothers,  Samuel  and  John,  both  farmers  near  Coving- 
ton,  Ohio.  He  is  a  Republican  and  is  often  seen  at  the 
conventions.  Mr.  Mowry  is  one  of  those  worthy  men 
whose  example  and  walk  and  business  enterprise  are 
worth  much  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  country  and  it 
is  gratifying  that  we  are  able  to  record  that  he  is  now 
enjoying  the  reward  of  the  wise  effort  that  he  has  be- 
stowed. 


FRANK  J.  DECKER.  The  travels  and  exper- 
iences of  this  well  known  and  substantial  resident  of 
Mason  prairie  would  fill  a  volume  and  the  best  way  to 
recount  the  career  of  a  man  is  to  see  what  he  has  done. 
So  we  will  give  in  as  great  detail  as  we  are  able  to  do 
the  review  of  Mr.  Decker's  life. 

Frank  J.  Decker  was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  In- 
diana, on  February  4,  1849.  His  father,  George  D., 
was  a  machinist,  born  in  France  and  at  nineteen  years 
of  age  he  was  head  of  a  large  shop.  He  patented  the 
first  shoe  pegging  machine  and  was  also  the  patentee 
of  several  other  valuable  inventions.  He  married  Ju- 
dith, daughter  of  John  and  Eleanor  Hall.  She  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  The  father  died  in  1839  and  the 
mother  in  1899.  Our  subject  went  to  live  with  his 
grandmother  when  he  was  thirteen  and  two  years 
later  he  commenced  to  learn  the  harness  trade.  Next 
we  see  him  in  Kansas  City  then  in  Stark  county,  Illi- 
nois, where  he  worked  in  the  coal  mines.  In  the  fall 
of  1869,  he  went  to  Montana,  looked  the  country  over 
and  in  his  trips  nearly  lost  his  scalp,  only  avoiding 
that  unpleasant  experience  by  secreting  himself  in  the 
brush.  A  few  nights  following  this  he  was  awakened 
in  his  camp  by  breathing  in  his  face ;  carefully  lighting 
a  match,  he  held  it  to  some  prepared  tinder  which  dis- 
played a  bear  who  was  quite  at  home,  but  at  this  he 
concluded  to  depart.  Game  was  plenty  in  those 
days  in  Montana  and  one  day  when  he  had  gotten  into 
settled  quarters,  he  heard  a  disturbance  in  the  yard 
and  went  out  to  find  a  lusty  elk  with  his  antlers  caught 
in  the  door  of  the  dog  house.  The  dog  inside  was  re- 
senting the  intrusion  as  desperately  as  circumstance 
would  permit.  In  1870  Mr.  Decker  landed  in  Helen; 
and  worked  there  with  one  man  for  six  years.  While 
he  was  there,  the  Chessman  reservoir  broke  and  Mr. 
Decker  was  in  the  way  of  the  awful  torrent.  He  w 
tossed  about  as  a  cork  and  not  a  thread  of  clothing  was 
left  on  his  body.  He  was  bruised  terribly  all  over  hi: 
body  but  escaped  with  his  life  and  a  broken  leg  and  n< 
clothes.  Several  others  perished  in  the  flood.  He  wa 
broken  in  finances  because  of  this  catastrophe  and  made 
a  new  start  in  life.  He  took  up  farming  and  alsc 
freighted  to  Fort  Benton  from  Deer  Lodge  and  othe 
points.  He  then  bought  sixty-five  head  of  cattle  am 
went  to  the  head  of  the  Teton  and  a  hard  winter  killed 
all.  This  left  him  with  a  four-horse  team  and  thirt 
dollars.  He  came  west  and  located  in  Spirit  valley  an. 


,\vo  years  later  came  and  took  his  present  place,  known 
is  the  Mason  creek  ranch.  He  has  one  hundred  acres 
n  meadow,  two  good  barns,  a  comfortable  residence, 
.wenty-five  cattle  and  other  improvements  and  pro- 
jerty.  Mr.  Decker  was  one  of  the  very  first  to  settle 
n  this  part  and  is  well  known  all  over  this  section,  hav- 
ing kept  for  years  a  stopping  place  and  feed  barns. 

Mr.  Decker  has  two  children  by  his  former  mar- 
riage, Emma  A.,  born  April  21/1878,  at  Helena, 
.Montana ;  Ella  E.,  born  January  20,  1880,  at  Helena, 
and  wife  of  Edward  Cole. 

Mr.  Decker  married  a  second  time  on  August  12, 
1897,  Ida  A.,  daughter  of  Otto  and  Anna  M.  (Robison) 
Brown,  becoming  his  wife  then.  She  was  born  in 
Montana,  on  June  22,  1880.  Her  mother  was  born  in 
Denmark,  July  19,  1864.  The  following  named  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union :  Clarence  G.,  born 
February  n,  1898;  Frederic  F.,  born  December  28, 
1899 ;  Elmer  E.,  born  January  9,  1901 ;  all  were  born  in 
Xez  Perces  county. 


CHARLES  A.  MARKWELL.  This  young  man 
is  one  of  the  substantial  property  owners  of  the  reser- 
vation portion  of  our  county  and  he  is  also  one  of  the 
vanguard  of  progress  and  development,  having  a  fine 
farm  in  the  vicinity  of  Nezperce,  while  also  he  has 
great  interests  in  the  mining  regions  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes. 

Charles  A.  Markwell  was  born  in  Missouri  on  Sep- 
tember 20.  1871,  being  the  son  of  Sylvester  and  Esther 
(Stevens)  Markwell.  The  father  was  born  in  In- 
diana, on  May  29,  1840,  and  his  parents  were  born  in 
Missouri.  He  is  a  mining  man  and  raiser  of  stock. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
Bangor,  Maine;  her  father  was  a  native  of  England 
and  her  mother  of  Scotland.  When  an  infant,  our  sub- 
ject was  taken  to  Nevada  with  his  parents  and  there 
was  educated  in  the  graded  schools,  also  attending 
school  some  in  Healdsburg,  California.  He  labored 
with  his  father  until  twenty-one,  when  they  all  came 
to  Wallace,  Idaho,  where  he  and  his  father  went  into 
the  dairy  business.  This  he  conducted  until  1901,  and 
then  sold  out  to  his  brothers.  In  1898  Mr.  Markwell 
filed  on  his  present  claim,  purchasing  a  relinquish- 
ment.  He  has  given  attention  to  the  cultivation  and 
improvement  of  this  farm  since  that  time  and  it  is 
one  of  the  valuable  places  in  this  vicinity.  Mr.  Mark- 
well  also  owns  stock  in  the  famous  Hercules  mine, 
in  Burke,  for  which  property  one  million  five  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars  were  recently  refused.  He  also 
owns  three  dwellings  and  a  business  building  in  Burke, 

his  father  and  brothers  in  a  fruit  ranch  and  stock 
farm  two  miles  from  Wallace.  Mr.  Markwell  has 
three  brothers  and  two  sisters. — T.  Fred,  a  dairyman 
near  Wallace ;  Frank  P.,  a  partner  in  this  dairy ;  Jess 
E.,  in  Wallace ;  Effie  F. ;  Emma,  wife  of  Thomas  J. 
Hardwick,  a  vegetable  farmer  near  Wallace.  Mr. 
Markwell's  father  was  in  the  Civil  war  and  after  con- 
siderable sickness  he  was  discharged.  Mr.  Markwell 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


GEORGE  W.  DILL.  This  prosperous  farmer  is 
to  be  classed  among  the  most  enterprising  men  of  the 
county  and  his  hard  labors,  deprivations  and  hardships 
endured  in  the  struggle  to  open  this  new  country,  dem- 
onstrate him  to  be  possessed  of  true  grit,  energy,  wis- 
dom and  powers  to  overcome. 

George  W.  Dill  was  born  in  Nevada  county,  Cali- 
fornia, on  June  24,  1870.  His  father,  Henry  P.,  was 
born  in  St.  Louis,  on  June  13,  1833.  In  the  early  fifties 
he  went  across  the  plains  with  ox  teams  and  although 
the  Indians  were  on  every  hand  they  escaped  a  battle 
and  he  was  soon  in  the  mines  of  the  Golden  state,  where 
he  discovered  some  valuable  properties.  After  min- 
ing for  some  time  on  his  own  responsibility,  he  took 
the  superintendency  of  a  large  hydraulic  company  and 
operated  it  for  seventeen  years.  He  is  now  farming  in 
Washington.  He  married  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of 
Michael  and  Elizabeth  Sullivan.  She  was  born  in 
California  in  1850,  May  28.  They  had  the  following 
children,  besides  our  subject :  Henry,  died  in  Califor- 
nia; Laura  L.  Hayhurst,  Elizabeth"  L.,  with  parents. 
George  W.  worked  with  his  parents  until  he  was  of  age 
and  then  went  to  Whitman  county  and  farmed  for 
three  years.  In  the  panic  of  1893  he  was  completely 
broken  up  financially  and  packed  his  blankets  seventy 
miles  to  work  in  the  timber.  Two  years  there  and  he 
came  with  a  three-horse  team  to  the  reservation  coun- 
try and  during  that  trip  camped  out  when  the  mercury 
registered  twelve  degrees  below  zero.  He  took  a 
quarter  by  homestead  right  and  has  given  himself  to  its 
culture  since.  He  had  a  stopping  place  for  freighters 
and  travelers  during  the  days  of  freighting  to  Grange- 
ville.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  settle  on  Mason  prairie 
and  has  made  a  fine  showing,  having  marketed  over 
twelve  hundred  bushels  of  grain  this  year,  has  stock 
and  is  a  prosperous  man.  He  drew  up  the  petition  for 
the  first  school  district  and  was  appointed  director  by 
the  county  superintendent.  Politically  he  is  a  Demo- 
crat but  is  an  independent  thinker  and  chooses  rather 
the  man  than  the  tenets  of  any  party. 


DAVID  H.  LOWRY.  Characterized  by  public 
spirit,  enterprise,  and  keen  business  ability,  being 
withal  a  man  of  excellent  qualities  and  actuated  with 
a  sence  of  high  honor  in  his  relations,  it  is  fitting  that 
the  subject  of  this  article  be  accorded  a  prominent 
position  in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr. 
Lowry  is  the  man  who  has  really  thought  out  the  pro- 
blem of  successfully  locating  a  town  and  has  given  prac- 
tical exemplification  to  his  plans  and  ideas  in  the  thrifty 
and  stirring  village  of  Dublin.  This  town  was  platted 


on  June  i.  1900,  and  they  have  two  substantial  stores, 
a  flour  mill  of  sixty  barrels  capacity,  good  blacksmith 
shop,  other  enterprises  and  a  fine  hotel  building.  The 
town  has  an  abundant  supply  of  pure  water,  an  impor- 
tant item  which  few  other  towns  can  boast  of  in  this 
section.  Mr.  Lowry  gave  the  Northern  Pacific  right 
of  way  and  station  ground  on  his  land,  it  being  select- 
ed by  that  company.  He  Has  offered  free  lots  for  school 
and  church  buildings  and  is  a  strong  supporter  of 
these  things. 

David  H.  Lowry  was  born  in  Ireland,  on  February 
22,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Hugh  and  Ann  (McKelvey) 
Lowry.  The  father  was  born  in  Ireland  on  June  21, 
1817,  and  died  on  January  4,  1890.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1870  and  settled  in  Lincoln  county, 
Missouri.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1830, 
and  died  in  April,  1892.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
Ireland  and  came  to  the  United  States  with  his  parents 
when  he  was  fourteen.  He  worked  with  his  father  on 
the  farm,  later  went  to  Jackson  county,  Missouri,  and 
tarmed  prosperously  for  seven  years,  after  which  he 
came  to  Lewiston.  He  farmed  in  the  Genesee  country 
and  was  on  the  Sound  and  in  various  employments  un- 
til 1895,  when  the  reservation  opened  and  he  selected 
his  present  place,  upon  which  the  town  of  Dublin  is 
situated.  Mr.  Lowry  has  given  his  attention  to  general 
farming  and  handling  his  other  lines  of  business,  in  all 
of  which  he  has  met  with  success.  He  has  fourteen 
brothers,  six  of  whom  are  living,  John,  Henry  I., 
William  P..  Robert  M.,  James,  George.  Mr.  Lowry  has 
been  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
In  1900  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  but  refused 
to  qualify.  He  is  an  active  Democrat  and  a  potent  in- 
fluence that  helped  to  carry  the  precinct  for  that  ticket 
notwithstanding  the  land  slide  of  the  other  precincts. 
He  is  skillful  in  raising  the  excellent  English  Berk- 
shires  and  the  Poland  Chinas,  having  the  best  strains 
in  the  west. 


JAMES  M.  WHEAT.  Among  those  who  ha 
done  commendable  work  in  the  development  of  the  r< 
ervation  country  we  ate  bound  to  mention  the  enter- 
prising and  capable  gentleman  whose  name  appeal 
above. 

James  M.  Wheat  was  born  in  Madison  county,. 
Iowa,  on  December  25,  1853,  being  the  son  of  Au- 
gustus and  Isabella  (Smith) 'Wheat.  The  father  was 
born  in  Alabama  in  1822  and  died  in  1902.  He  opera- 
ted a  general  store  for  years  in  Indianapolis.  He 
then  became  a  pioneer  in  Madison  county,  Iowa.  His 
father,  James  Wheat,  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Nauvoo  and 
nowi  lives  in  Missouri.  Her  father,  John  C.  Smith, 
was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Clarke  county,  Iowa,  and 
is  now  operating  a  large  mill  in  Portland.  When  our 
subject  was  eleven,  the  family  went  back  to  Indiana 
and  made  their  home  there  for  ten  years.  Then  they 
returned  to  the  old  home  in  Iowa  and  in  these  places  our 
subject  was  educated.  When  James  was  twenty-one 
he  farmed  in  partnership  with  his  uncle,  J.  T.  W'heat. 
In  1883  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Genesee,  where  he 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


293 


settled  on  a  farm  until  the  reservation  was  opened.  At 
that  important  time  he  came  hither  and  selected  his 
present  place,  about  one  mile  south  from  Ilo.  He  has 
it  well  improved  with  comfortable  buildings,  orchard, 
fences,  and  much  besides,  and  is  one  of  the  thrifty  men 
of  the  section.  In  addition  to  general  farming  he  pays 
considerable  attention  to  breeding  and  raising  fine  Po- 
land China  and  Berkshire  hogs,  and  is  successful  in 
this  line. 

On  January  16,  1877,  Mr.  Wheat  married  Miss  Jen- 
nie M., "daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Simmons) 
Lockridge.  This  was  in  Warren  county,  Iowa,  and 
tight  children  have  been  born  to  them,  Charles  E., 
William,  Jessie,  Everett,  Lucella,  Esther,  Dora  Z., 
Savanah  M.  Mrs.  Wheat  has  six  brothers  and  sisters, 
— Leander,  Samuel,  John,  Allen,  Sarah  Follett,  Sa- 
vanah Crow.  Mr.  Wheat  has  four  brothers  and  sisters, 
Pantha  Etta,  Sarah  T.,  Eldora,  Edgar.  Mrs.  Wheat 
was  born  in  Warren  county,  Iowa,  in  1861.  Her 
father  was  born  in  Virginia  and  was  a  farmer.  Her 
mother  was  born  in  Kentucky  and  is  a  direct  descend- 
ant of  Daniel  Boone.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wheat  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church.  He  is  a 
Republican  and  active  in  the  local  campaigns.  Recent- 
ly Mr.  Wheat  has  been  elected  to  the  important  posi- 
tion of  road  overseer  and  doubtless  there  will  be  mani- 
'fested  in  his  labors  in  this  line  the  same  efficiency  and 
wisdom  as  have  characterized  him  in  all  his  ways. 


SAMUEL  M.  EBY.  Among  the  leading  citizens  of 
the  vicinity  of  Nezperce,  we  are  constrained  to  mention 
the  well  known  and  capable  gentleman  whose  name  in- 
itates  this  article.  Mr.  Eby  is  one  of  the  shrewdest  and 
most  successful  business  men  of  the  county.  He  is  the 
owner  of  much  land  grouped  around  the  town  and  his 
keen  foresight,  executive  ability  and  fine  management 
have  placed  him  among  the  heaviest  property  owners 
and  leaders  here. 

Samuel  M.  Eby  was  born  in  Montgomery  county, 
Ohio,  on  March  3,  1841,  being  the  son  of  Christian  and 
Diana  (Murray)  Eby,  natives  of  Maryland.  The 
father  descended  from  the  Pennsylvania  Dutch,  was 
born  in  1808,  and  died  in  1891.  The  mother  is  of  En- 
glish extraction,  was  born  January  9,  1814,  was  mar- 
ried March  3,  1836,  and  died  in  1900.  Her  father  was 
a  farmer  and  merchant.  Our  subject  was  reared  and 
educated  in  his  native  place  and  after  school  days  were 
past  he  taught  for  two  years  and  then  farmed.  Later, 
'  we  see  him  in  Indiana  and  seven  years  were  spent  in 
successful  farming.  Then  a  move  was  made  back  to 
Ohio,  and  then  he  came  to  Missouri,  where  his  busi- 
ness ability  led  him  to  acquire  large  tracts  of  land 
which  he  still  owns,  and  which  is  operated  by  his  son. 
Then  Mr.  Eby  made  one  of  the  unfortunate  moves  of 
his  life,  a  trip  to  Florida,  where  he  lost  about  seven 
thousand  dollars,  but  he  still  owns  part  of  the  real 
estate  there  and  may  yet  make  a  winner  out  of  it. 
Thence  Mr.  Eby  went  to  the  Rogue  river  country, 
Oregon,  and  after  a  short  time  came  to  the  reservation 
$nd  bought  land  in  the  vicinity  of  Nezperce.  To  the 


management  of  these  estates  and  the  care  of  his  other 
business,  Mr.  Eby  devotes  himself  now.  He  has  two 
brothers  and  three  sisters, — Joseph  W.,  a  farmer  in 
Ohio;  John,  a  farmer  in  Tennessee;  Agnes,  wife  of 
Samuel'  Wampler  in  Dayton,  Ohio ;  Rebecca,  widow  of 
Levi  Ikenberry,  in  Camden,  Ohio:  Jane,  wife  of  A.  C. 
Prugh,  at  Camden,  Ohio. 

Mr.  Eby  married  Miss  Nancy  J.  Collett,  on  April 
17,  1866,  in  Miami  county,  Indiana.  She  was  born  in 
the  same  county,  on  November  13,  1843  and  died  at 
Warrensburg,  Missouri,  July  14,  1885,  leaving  the  fol- 
lowing children,  Agnes,  wife  of  John  Snyder,  a  farmer 
in  Maryland;  Edward  M.,  a  stockman  and  who  looks 
after  his  father's  property  in  Missouri ;  Laura  D.,  with 
parents.  On  September  12,  1886,  at  Warrensburg,  Mis- 
souri. Mr.  Eby  married  Miss  Minnie  E.,  daughter  of 
Peter  S.,  and  Sarah  A.  (Miller)  Carman.  She  was  born 
in  Elkhart,  Indiana,  and  her  father  was  a  preacher  in  the 
German  Baptist  church.  To  this  second  marriage 
there  have  been  born  five  children— George,  Vernice, 
Hazel,  Delfa  and  Isabel.  Mr.  Eby  is  a  preacher  in  the 
German  Baptist  church,  to  which  he  and  his  wife  be- 
long ;  he  is  an  ardent  worker  and  supporter  of  the  faith, 
being  a  man  of  great  influence  and  filling  the  position 
of  leader  in  a  faithful  and  efficient  manner. 


ALEXANDER  MILLER,  a  member  of  the  thrif- 
ty band  of  sturdy  men  who  came  to  this  country  at  the 
opening  of  the  reservation  to  make  of  it  one  of  the  most 
fertile  and  productive  regions  of  the  west,  is  now  to  be 
numbered  with  the  leading  citizens  of  this  section  and 
is  a  well-to-do  and  substantial  man. 

Alexander  Miller  was  born  in  Fulton  county,  Ohio, 
October  18,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Alexander  and 
Polly  Anna  (Lyba)  Miller.  The  father  was  born  in 
Switzerland  in  1810  and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
his  boyhood  days.  He  died  in  1899,  having  been  one  of 
the  prominent  oil  men  in  early  days  in  Pennsylvania. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
in  1826  and  died  in  1868.  She  descended  from  the 
Puritan  stock;  her  grandfather  Lyba  fought  in  the 
Revolution  and  her  grandmother  who  recently  died 
played  a  conspicuous  part  also  in  that  memorable  strug- 
gle! Our  subject  worked  with  his  father  in  the  oil  re- 
gions until  eighteen  and  then  returned  to  Ohio  and 
there  bored  oil  wells.  In  1876,  he  went  to  Dickinson 
county.  Kansas,  and  bought  a  farm  of  railroad  land  and 
also  drilled  wells  in  addition  to  the  farm  improvement 
and  labors.  He  remained  there  for  twelve  years  and  in 
1889.  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Spokane,  that  being  the 
time  of  the  big  fire.  He  took  up  railroading  and  was 
located  at  Medical  Lake  for  nine  months  and  then  went 
to  Colfax,  where  he  continued  that  labor  until  1895. 
In  that  year,  Mr.  Miller  came  to  the  opening  reserva- 
tion and  secured  his  present  estate  as  a  homestead.  It 
is  located  a  mile  and  a  half  south  from  Ilo  and  this  has 
been  the  family  home  since  that  date.  He  has  made 
good  improvements  and  does  general  farming  and  rais- 
ing hogs. 

In  1871,  Mr.  Miller  married  and  two  children  were 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


born  to  them,  George  and  Amy.  George  is  attending 
the  Northwestern  Medical  college  in  Chicago  where  he 
will  graduate  in  three  years  more  and  then  will  return 
to  this  country  for  practice.  He  has  also  had  a  course 
in  Ann  Arbor.  Amy  married  George  Calmer  and  they 
live  in  Colfax.  Mr.  Miller  has  two  brothers  and  two 
sisters, — George,  John,  Jane  Townes,  Matilda  Buria. 
Mr.  Miller  is  a  staunch 'Democrat  and  is  an  advocate 
for  improvement  in  all  lines  and  especially  so  in  mat- 
ters of  education.  His  home  is  a  valuable  and  pleasant 
place  and  the  six-room  residence,  good  barn,  fine  or- 
chard and  other  improvements  are  all  evidences  of  his 
wisely  bestowed  labors. 


CHRISTIAN  J.  FIKE.  No  list  of  the  leading 
agriculturists  would  be  complete  without  an  especial 
mention  of  the  sagacious,  capable,  and  upright  gentle- 
Christian  ].  Fike  was  born  in  Somerset  county, 
Pennsylvania,  "where  he  was  also  raised  and  educated. 
When  twenty-one  he  came  to  Iowa  and  bougnt  land 
near  Garrison,  farming  it  for  twelve  years.  Then  his 
father  came  to  Iowa  and  bought  land  near  Waterloo, 
and  our  subject  sold  his  estate  and  purchased  land  ad- 
joining his  father's,  which  was  the  family  home  until 
1897,  the  date  of  the  migration  to  Nez  Perces  county. 
The  parents  of  our  subject,  Jacob  C.  and  Elizabeth 
(Blough)  Fike,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
father  was  born  in  1828  and  died  in  April,  1902,  being- 
descended  from  the  Pennsylvania  Dutch  for  several 
generations  back.  The  mother  was  born  in  1827  and 
still  lives  in  Iowa.  She  also  is  descended  from  the 
Dutch  of  Pennsylvania.  Upon  coming  to  the  reser- 
vation, Mr.  Fike  purchased  the  relinquishment  of  a 
settler,  which  is  still  the  family  home.  The  land  ad- 
joins Nezperce  and  lies  so  as  to  overlook  the  town  and 
is  one  of  the  most  valuable  places  on  the  reservation. 
Mr.  Fike  has  displayed  both  industry  and  wisdom  in 
improving  and  he  has  a  splendid  orchard  and  is  a  very 
prosperous  man.  Mr.  Fike  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  John,  a  retired  farmer  at  Waterloo,  Iowa ; 
Samuel,  on  the  old  homestead  at  Waterloo,  Iowa,  and 
his  mother  resides  with  him ;  Sarah,  wife  of  Benjamin 
Lohr;  Susan,  wife  of  Henry  Grady,  at  Waterloo; 
Mary,  wife  of  Albert  Blaough,  a  farmer  near  Wat- 
erloo. 

On  October  3,  1865,  Mr.  Fike  married  Miss  Fran- 
ces B.,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Fanny  Allison.  Mr. 
Allison  brought  his  family  from  Ohio  to  Stevenson 
county,  Illinois,  thence  to  Iowa  and  he  is  now  living  in 
Kansas.  The  mother  is  dead.  Mrs.  Fike  was  born  in 
Miami  county,  Ohio,  on  September  8,  1846,  and  was 
educated  in  Illinois.  She  has  two  brothers  and  three 
sisters,  David,  a  stock  buyer  in  Kensett,  Iowa ;  Henry 
H.,  a  banker  and  prominent  man  at  Sac  City,  Iowa; 
Susan,  wife  of  Peter  Fike,  a  farmer  in  Kansas ;  Mary, 
widow  of  John  Moses:  Martha,  widow  of  George 
Thomas,  living  on  her  homestead  on  the  reservation. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fike  have  become  the  parents  of  six  chil- 
dren,—Jacob  H.,  born  July  18,  1867,  a  school  teacher 


and  elder  of  the  German  Baptist  church  in  Indiana; 
Bert,  born  November  14,  1877,  engineer  in  flour  mill  at 
Nezperce;  Fannie  E.,  born  January  14,  1880,  wife  of 
John  McCahill,  a  farmer  near  Nezperce ;  Abraham  R., 
born  July  27,  1882,  in  Iowa;  Franklin  W.,  born  Janu- 
ary 17,  1885,  at  home;  Charles  C.,  born  June  22,  1887, 
living  with  parents.  Our  worthy  subject  and  his  esti- 
mable wife  are  devout  and-  faithful  members  of  the  Ger- 
man Baptist  church  and  are  devout  supporters  of  the 
faith.  Mr.  Fike  is  allied  with  the  Republican  party 
but  is  not  forward  in  that  realm.  He  is  a  man  of  keen 
business  ability,  is  exemplary  in  his  walk  and  is  re- 
spected by  all.'  He  and  his  faithful  wife  have  raised  a 
large  family  of  children,  whom  they  have  taught  in 
the  fear  and  admonition  of  the  Lord  and  it  is  with 
great  pleasure  that  we  are  allowed  to  place  the  record 
of  such  stanch,  reliable  and  worthy  people  in  the  his- 
tory of  our  county. 


CHARLES  D.  THOMAS.  This  rising  young  at- 
torney promises  to  place  himself  among  the  leaders  in 
his  profession  in  the  near  future  as  he  has  displayed 
great  aptness  and  ability  in  the  profession.  At  the  pre- 

Thomas,  which  handles  a  general  loaning,  real  estate, 
insurance,  and  law  business  in  Nezperce. 

Charles  D.  Thomas  was  born  in  Danbury,  Iowa,  on 
January  7,  1871,  being  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary 
(Smith)  Thomas,  natives  of  New  York  and  Ohio  and 
born  in  1830  and  in  1837,  respectively.  When  Charles 
was  young  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Moscow  and 
there  he  attended  the  public  schools  and  in  1890  he 
graduated  from  the  Hillsdale  College  at  Hillsdale, 
Michigan.  Returning  to  Idaho,  he  took  up  the  work  of 
the  educator  and  for  three  years  he  was  assistant  prin- 
cipal of  the  Genesee  schools.  In  July,  1901,  Mr. 
Thomas  entered  into  partnership  with  Judge  Stearns 
and  since  that  time  has  steadily  pursued  the  study  of 
the  law,  which  he  had  followed  in  his  teaching.  Mr. 
Thomas  has  one  brother  and  three  sisters,  Frank  B.,  at 
Colville,  Washington,  in  the  building  business ;  Lovina, 
wife  of  Melvin  Chapman,  at  Waterville,  Washington, 
raising  stock ;  Ida,  wife  of  Scott  Dennison,  a  farmer  at 
Colville ;  Alice,  wife  of  Alonzo  Horn,  a  railroad  man 
of  Moscow. 

On  April  18,  1893,  Mr.  Thomas  married  Miss  Dora 
R.,  daughter  of  Allen  and  Rachel  (Robertson)  Bond,, 
natives  of  Virginia,  and  now  living  in  Irving,  Oregon. 
Mrs.  Thomas  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Lincoln,  merchant  in  Irving,  Oregon ;  Edward,  a  mer- 
chant at  Baker  City  ;  James,  a  farmer  at  Irving ;  Frank, 
a  railroad  man  at  Irving;  Mary,  wife  of  A.  J.  Green, 
an  attorney  at  Moscow ;  Helen,  wife  of  James  Ebert, 
a  farmer  near  Eugene,  Oregon;  Clara,  wife  of  J.  D. 
Spencer,  a  farmer  near  Irving:  Daisy,  wife  of  Charles 
Minkler,  railroad  conductor  at  Portland.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas,  Vesta  D., 
Reginald  F.,  aged  six  and  four,  respectively.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Thomas  are  members  of  the  Christian  church.  He 
is  a  member  also  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Morning  Star 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


295 


Lodge,  at  Xezperce ;  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  Nezperce 
Tent ;  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  of  Nezperce  ;  of  the  Yeoman  of 
America,  at  Nezperce.  Mr.  Tljomas  is.  an  active  Re- 
publican and  has  done  good  service  in  the  county  and 
state  conventions.  He  is  a  bright,  cultured  and  capa- 
ble young  man  and  he  is  the  recipient  of  the  good  will 
and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

It  is  an  interesting  reminiscence  that  Mrs.  Thomas 
is  one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  all  of  whom  were 
born  and  married  in  the  old  family  home  in  Irving, 
Oregon. 

In  1902  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  party 
as  candidate  to  the  state  legislature  and  was  elected 
by  a  large  majority,  receiving  two  hundred  and  forty- 
three  votes  in  his  own  precinct.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  the  seventh  session. 


CHARLES  LARSON.  In  at  least  two  lines  of 
endeavor  has  Mr.  Larson  achieved  success  and  is  now 
one  of  the  prominent  and  successful  farmers  and  busi- 
ness men  of  the  reservation  country,  being  located  at  Ilo, 
where  he  carries  on  a  thriving  business  as  a  wheel- 
wright and  wood  workman.  He  was  born  in  Norway, 
on  September  25,  1873,  being  the  son  of  Lars  and 
Mary  (Erickson)  Larson,  natives  of  Norway  and  born 
in  1787  and  1836,  respectively.  The  father  died  in 
1881,  aged  ninety-four.  The  mother  later  married  Mr. 
Nelson  and  is  now  living  in  the  Potlatch  country. 
Charles  was  educated  in  his  native  country  and  there 
learned  the  trade  which  he  now  follows,  also  perfect- 
ing himself  at  a  carpenter's  school.  He  worked  on 
piece  work  until  eighteen,  when  he  came  to  the  United 
States,  whither  his  mother  and  stepfather  had  come 
four  years  previous  to  this  time.  Mr.  Larson  settled 
at  Moscow  and  took  up  his  trade  which  he  followed 
for  five  years.  In  1895  he  took  his  present  farm  as  a 
homestead,  but  he  returned  to  Moscow,  off  and  on, 
working  at  his  trade.  In  April,  1901,  he  opened  his 
present  business  and  is  doing  well. 

On  November  3,  1896,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr. 
Larson  married  Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Julius  and 
Sophia  Shoemaker,  natives  of  Sweden  and  Germany 
respectively.  Mrs.  Larson  has  three  sisters  and  four 
brothers.  Mrs.  Larson  was  born  in  Latah  county,  on 
April  4,  1880.  Mr.  Larson  has  three  brothers  and  one 
sister,  Leonard,  Louis,  John,  Lena.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Larson,  Hazel  I.,  John. 
Mr.  Larson  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  the  Ilo 
Camp.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  believes  in  pro- 
gress and  improvement  and  is  always  fostering  public 
enterprises  which  are  for  the  welfare  of  all.  Mr.  Lar- 
son has  a  fine  farm,  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  well 
improved  with  buildings  and  last  year  he  sold  of  oats 
alone  three  thousand  and  five  hundred  bushels. 


DANIEL  W.  YORK  is  a  man  of  the  true  grit  as 
has  been  demonstrated  by  his  success  in  this  new  coun- 
try in  spite  of  hardships  and  scant  means,  which  en- 


tailed great  labors  and  deprivations.  He  has  a  good 
farm  three  miles  northwest  from  Morrow  and  has  im- 
proved it  in  a  becoming  manner.  He  threshed  eleven 
hundred  bushels  of  grain  this  year  and  feeds  most  of  it 
to  his  stock,  having  some  fine  hogs.  Altogether,  Mr. 
York  is  prosperous  and  one  of  the  leading  and  sub- 
Daniel  W.  York  was  born  in  Alabama,  on  Novem- 
ber 6,  1863.  His  father,  Caswell,  was  born  in  Ten- 
nessee, on  April  20,  1827.  He  was  among  the  Indiana 
volunteers  and  was  detailed  on  the  bridge  brigade  and 
went  ahead  preparing  the  way  for  the  army  to  pass.  He 
homesteaded  land  in  Spokane  county,  having  previously 
married  Elizabeth  Wallace  of  Tennessee.  Besides  our 
subject,  they  had  the  following  children :  Adam.  John 
E.,  Nancy  Crane,  lane  Nelson,  Mary  E.  Behrens,  Hen- 
ry C.  and  Daniel  W.,  twins.  Henry  C.  was  a  member  of 
the  National  guards  at  Tekoa,  Washington.  Our  sub- 
ject worked  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-four 
and  then  went  to  Tekoa,  Washington,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  lumber  business  with  his  brother.  They  con- 
tinued for  two  years  and  then  Mr.  York  turned  his  at- 
tention to  farming  in  the  same  county  until  the  spring 

has  stuck  to  the  battle  with  grit  and  has  shown  real 
skill  and  wisdom  and  is  now  being  rewarded  with  good 
success  and  prosperity.  In  addition  to  the  other  things 
mentioned  on  the  farm,  Mr.  York  raised  one  hundred 
and  fifty  bushels  of  timothy  seed. 

On  May  17,  1891,  Mr/York  married  Miss  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  Amos  and  Elizabeth  Blue.  She  was  born 
in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  on  October  17,  1870.  The  fol- 
lowing children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage :  Edna 
E.,  born  in  Whitman  county.  Washington,  on  March 
14,  1892;  Hattie  E.,  born  in  "Spokane  county,  April  14, 
1894:  Arthur  H.,  born  in  Nez  Perces  county,  March 
30,  1902.  Air.  York  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 
he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  church.  He 
has  been  clerk  and  trustee  on  the  school  board  for  five 
years  and  was  elected  again  at  the  last  meeting. 


SIDNEY  J.  DOGGETT.  Among  the  mechanics 
of  Nez  Perces  county  there  is  none  with  more  skill  in 
his  line,  enterprise  in  business,  good  practical  judg- 
ment and  ability,  than  the  subject  of  this  brief  article. 
Mr.  Doggett  now  handles  the  first  shop  in  size  and 
business  on  the  reservation,  doing  a  general  black- 
smith business  with  all  of  its  branches  and  operating  a 
half  dozen  men. 

Sidney  J.  Doggett  was  born  in  Siskiyou  countv.  Cal- 
ifornia, on  April  29,  1867.  being  the  son  of  William  C. 
and  lane  P.  (Redman)  Doggett.  The  father  was  born 
in  St.  Louis  county,  Missouri,  on  March  14,  1825,  and 
followed  mining  until  he  came  to  Spraguc,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  farms.  The  mother  was  born  in  St. 
Louis  county.  Missouri,  on  January  10,  1838.  The 
family  came"  to  Washington  'when  Sidney  was  seven 
months  old,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  When 
eighteen  he  rode  the  range  in  the  Palouse  and  in  1890, 
he  rented  land  near  Pullman  and  farmed.  It  was  1896 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


that  he  came  to  the  reservation  and  bought  the  relin- 
•quishment  of  a  settler  and  followed  farming  until  he 
proved  up  on  the  place.  During  the  times  between  the 
rush  of  farm  work  he  gave  his  attention  to  the  black- 
smith's art  and  he  became  very  proficient  in  it.  In  the 
fall  of  1901,  he  erected  a  substantial  building  in  Nez- 
perce  and  opened  a  shop,  and  as  said  above,  he  is  hand- 
ling the  largest  blacksmith  business  in  the  reservation 
country.  Mr.  Doggett  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters':  John,  a  fanner  at  Chesley  ;  Jefferson  D.,  farmer 
near  Walla  Walla:  Robert  S.,'a  farmer  at  Johnson, 
Washington :  Francis  E.,  a  farmer  in  California ;  Isaac 
H.,  and  Frederick  T.,  farmers  at  Sprague,  Washing- 
ton ;  Sierra  Nevada,  wife  of  T.  A.  Brown,  a  farmer  at 
Pullman  Mr.  Doggett  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F. 
and  of  the  Rebekahs  in  Xezperce :  also  of  the  W.  W., 
and  the  M.  W.  A.  and  the  Women  of  Woodcraft,  all 
in  Nezperce.  He  is  a  Democrat  but  is  never  zealous 

On  February  23,  1891,  Mr.  Doggett  married  Miss 
Edna  A.,  daughter  of  Alsa  and  Sarah  (VanBibber) 
Woodward.  Mrs.  Doggett  was  born  in  Missouri  on 
October  5,  1874:  she  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters :  William  D.,  a  farmer  at  Johnson,  Washington  : 
Caroline,  in  Missouri :  Martha,  wife  of  John  Brown,  a 
saw  mill  man  at  Kendrick ;  Cinderella,  Wife  of  Robert 
L.  Dcggett :  Alice,  wife  of  Wm.  Anderson,  in  Wash- 
ington. Six  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Doggett,— Lulu  M.,  Herbert  E.,  Etta,  William  A., 
George,  and  Esther.  Mr.  Doggett  is  enjoying  the 
meed  of  honest  industry  and  wisdom  in  the  competence 
that  he  possesses  and  the  prosperous  business  that  he  is 
handling,  while  also  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  all 
are  his  in  unstinted  measure. 


LEWIS  D.  STEVENS.  This  prosperous  farmer 
lias  well  earned  the  meed  of  success  by  his  thrift,  his 
industry,  and  his  wisdom  in  managing  the  resources 
of  the  country  in  these  pioneer  days  and  is  to  be  classed 
among  the  substantial  and  capable  men  who  deserve 
representation  in  the  history  of  the  county. 

Lewis  D.  Stevens  was  born  in  Alpine  county.  Cali- 
fornia, on  April  10,  1876.  His  father,  Alexander  H., 
a  farmer,  was  born  in  Perth,  Scotland,  on  May  4,  1849, 
and  married  Sarah  F.  Trimmer.  Our  subject 'remained 

Perces  county  on  [uly  9.  1885,  and  engaged  in  the  cat- 
tle business  with  his" father  and  for  himself.  On  Au- 
gust 14,  1895.  Mr.  Stevens  married  Miss  Addie, 
daughter  of  Darius  B.  and  Arabelle  J.  Randall.  Mr. 
Randall's  first  work  in  life  was  as  a  teacher,  being  a  first 
class  educator.  He  was  first  lieutenant  in  the  Rebellion 
and  later  was  lieutenant  in  a  company  at  Fort  Lapwai. 
A  detailed  account  of  his  career  in  the  Indian  troubles 
will  appear  in  another  portion  of  this  volume  and  we 
will  not  revert  to  it  here.  He  was  a  brave  and  coura- 
geous man  and  with  a  handful  of  sixteen  he  was  pit- 
ted against  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  Indians.  He 
fought  the  Indians  with  display  of  desperate  and  great 
valor  but  was  overpowered  and  slain.  It  is  said  that 


officer  Perry  stood  and  witnessed  the  awful  massacre 
with  no  move  to  avert  it.  Mr.  Randall  was  judge  of 
Idaho  county  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  be- 
loved and  esteemed  by  all.  Mrs.  Stevens  was  born 
December  8,  1876,  in  Idaho  county  and  her  brothers 
and  sisters  are  named  as  follows:  Oronoco  L.  Ingh- 
ram.  born  April  25,  1866,  in  Linn  county,  Oregon; 
Henry  A.,  born  August  28,  1867,  in  Nez  Perces  coun- 
ty :  Belle  J.  Gable,  born  November  2,  1870,  in  Nez  Per- 
ces county:  Maude  E.  Byron,  born  September  16,  1873, 
in  Idaho  county.  Mrs.  Stevens  has  also  one  half  sister, 
Jay  M.  Dorman,  born  March  13,  1883,  in  Idaho  county. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stevens  have  two  girls,  Ruth  Elizabeth, 
born  June  19,  1898,  in  Idaho  county ;  Lauretta  Jay,  born 
September  18,  1900,  in  this  county.  Mr.  Stevens  has 
devoted  himself  to  the  improvement  of  his  estate  and 
has  clone  commendable  work.  He  raised  about  two 
thousand  bushels  of  grain  last  year  and  feeds  it  all  to  his 
stock.  He  has  fine  stock,  having  twelve  cattle,  sixty 
horses,  thirty  sheep  and  many  hogs. 


DAVIS  S.  WRIGHT  is  a  saw  mill  man  and  a  true 
blue  Republican  with  no  uncertain  motto  on  his  banner 
and  with  plenty  of  keen  penetration  into  issues  and 
ability  to  handle  convincingly  the  political  questions 
of  the  day.  His  mill  is  located  four  miles  west  from 
Ilo,  is  one  of  the  best  and  perhaps  the  largest  plant  in 
the  reservation  country  and  is  handled  with  a  wisdom 
and  business  ability  that  have  given  to  the  owner  a 
gratifying  success.  In  the  political  field  he  is  known  ' 
as  one  of  the  strongest  factors  of  the  party  in  this  sec- . 
tion  and  a  terror  to  opposers,  and  in  the  caucuses  and 
conventions  he  is  a  familiar  figure  and  a  power. 
.  Davis  S.  Wright  was  born  in  Ohio,  on  April  15, 
(858,  being  the  son  of  Charles  S.  and  Deborah  (Oliver) 
Wright.  The  father  was  born  in  the  state  of  presi- 
dents in  1838,  and  his  father  was  a  pioneer  there. 
Charles  S.  Wright  is  now  operating  a"  flour  mill  in 
Dublin.  The  mother  of  our  subject  owns  Ohio  as  her 
native  place  also  and  her  parents  were  pioneers  there. 
She  and  her  husband  came  to  Walla  Walla  in  1873. 
Our  subject  was  taken  from  Ohio  to  Wisconsin  by  his 
parents  when  he  was  two  weeks  old,  the  trip  being 
made  by  wagon.  Settlement  was  made  in  Vernon  coun- 
ty  and  ten  years  later  they  pulled  up  stakes  and  turned 
the  prow  of  their  prairie  schooner  toward  the  setting 
sun  and  cast  anchor  in  Washington  county,  Oregon. 
There  they  farmed  and  about  1872  or  1873  they  came 
thence  to  Walla  Walla.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
Oregon  and  Washington  and  when  he  was  nineteen 
went  to  do  for  himself.  He  was  married  about  that 
time  and  went  to  farming  near  Walla  Walla,  where 
his  home  continued  to  be  until  1892,  in  which  year  he 
removed  to  the  Potlatch  country.  He  settled  in  Ken: 
drick  and  took  up  the  livery  business  and  assisted  ma- 
terially to  build  that  town.  '  In  1896,  Mr.  Wright  came 
to  the  reservation  and  took  a  farm  near  Eletcher  and 
in  1898,  he  took  up  the  saw  mill  business  as  mentioned 
above. 

On  November  24,  1877,  Mr.  Wright  married  Miss 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


297 


Emma,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Lydia  (Skinner) 
Whetstone,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington. Mr.  Whetstone  was  a  pioneer  in  the  Walla 
Walla  country  and  built  the  first  house  on  the  wagon 
road  from  that  town  to  Lewiston.  It  is  located  in 
Whetstone  hollow.  Airs.  Wright  was  born  in  Colum- 
bia county,  Washington,  in  1860.  She  has  the  follow- 
ing named  brothers  and  sisters,  Mary,  Alice,  Robert 
E.,  all  living  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr.  Wright  has 
three  brothers,  William  A.,  in  Dublin,  George  W.,  in 
Kendrick,  Amos  A.,  in  Spokane.  Three  children  have 
been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife,— Robert  O., 
Lilly  Johnson,  Bessie  L.,  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr. 
Wright  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  65,  at 
Magnolia.  He  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  for  two 


ESLI  W.  BEAN.  This  enterprising  and  thrifty 
farmer  dwells  about  two  miles  northeast  from  Morrow, 
upon  land  that  he  took  wild  and  secured  through  home- 
stead right.  He  has  made  a  good  home  from  his  place 
and  is  numbered  with  the  progressive  and  public 
minded  men  of  the  section. 

Esli  Wr.  Bean  was  born  in  Rock  county,  Wisconsin, 
on  April  30,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Edward  S.  and 
Mary  (Vaughn)  Bean.  The  parents  were  pioneers  in 
Rock  county  and  died  when  he  was  young.  After  the 
death  of  the  parents,  he  went  to  live  with  his  sister, 
Mrs.  Vielie.  He  remained  with  them  until  he  was 
nineteen,  gaining  a  good  education  and  working  on  the 
farm.  Then  he  went  to  Plover,  Portage  county,  Wis- 
consin, and  worked  in  the  timber  two  years.  Then  he 
came  to  San  Francisco  and  thence  to  Walla  Walla. 
Here  he  worked  in  a  saw  mill  for  his  cousin,  Lon  Bean, 
on  the  Walla  Walla  river.  Four  years  later  he  came 
to  Latah  county  and  settled  where  the  town  of  Palouse 
now  stands.  This  was  in  1875,  but  no  Palouse  was 
there  then.  He  took  land  and  farmed  for  a  time  and 
then  went  to  Longmount,  Colorado,  with  cattle.  He 
worked  there  in  a  hardware  and  tinning  establishment 
and  sixteen  years  later  came  back  to  Oregon.  This 
was  in  1893  and  three  years  later  he  came  to  his  pres- 
ent place. 

In  February,  1879,  Mr.  Bean  married  Miss  Lulu 
Crawford  and  two  daughters,  Goldie  and  Fern,  are  the 
living  children  born  to  them.  Mr.  Bean  is  a  firm  Re- 
publican and  active  in  the  primaries  and  conventions. 
He  is  an  ardent  supporter  of  good  schools  and  ad- 
vanced twenty  dollars  to  assist  in  painting  a  new  school 
house  if  the  neighbors  would  take  hold  and  erect  one. 
Mr.  Bean  ha?  the  following  brothers  and  sisters  :  James. 
Lizzie,  Hepsie  Howard,  Ira,  Hulda. 


HENRY  J.  GERTJE.  This  young  farmer  is  an 
enterprising  and  successful  toiler,  whose  labors  have 
done  much  to  advance  the  welfare  of  the  reservation 
portion  of  the  countv  and  whose  standing  is  first  class 
among  his  fellows. 

Henry  J.  Gertje  was  born  in  Waseca  county,  Min- 


nesota, on  June  13,  1876,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Alattie  .Gertje.  The  father  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1832.  About  1884  the  family  came  to  Dakota  from 
Minnesota,  where  the  father  took  land  and  farmed  for 
three  years.  The  next  move  was  to  Latah  count}-,  in 
the  Potlatch  country,  and  there  our  subject  rece'ived 
his  education  and  grew  to  manhood.  On  November  i, 
1897.  Mf-  Gertje  came  to  the  reservation  and  took  his 
present  place,  about  two  and  three-fourths  miles  east 
and  one  south  from  Melrose.  He  has  a  good  place, 
well  improved,  excellent  labor  having  been  done  by 
him  since  his  settlement  here. 

On  January  30,  1900,  Mr.  Gertje  married  Miss 
Estella,  daughter  of  William  and  Anna  (Greer)  Par- 
nish.  The  father  was  a  millman  born  in  Virginia  in 
1840  and  served  in  Company  F,  Twenty-fifth  Ohio, 
and  was  wounded  at  Gettysburg.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Jefferson  county,  Ohio,  in  1847.  Mrs-  Gertje 
was  born  in  Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio,  on  August  10, 
1876,  and  has  two  brothers,  William  and  Charles,  at 
Spakling.  Mr.  Gertje  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  George,  John,  Herman,  Mary 
Tedie  and  Edward.  One  child  has  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Gertje,  Lulu  I.  Mr.  Gertje  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican, is  always  present  at  the  post  of  duty  and  is 
an  active  worker.  He  is  also  strongly  in  favor  of 
good  schools  and  he  and  Arthur  Cordiner  helped  to 
build  the  school  house  and  hired  the  children  to  come 
to  get  the  school  started,  and  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  Mr.  Gertje  and  Mr.  Cordiner  were  both  bachelors 
at  that  time.  Mr.  Gertje  has  a  good  home  place  and 
is  highly  esteemed  in  the  community  both  for  his 
excellent  labors  as  well  as  for  his  intrinsic  worth. 


EDWARD  S.  HEGEL.  About  six  miles  north- 
west from  Morrow  is  the  home  place  of  our  subject, 
which  was  secured  by  homestead  right  on  June  7, 
1897.  Since  that  time,  Mr.  Hegel  has  devoted  him- 
self to  improving  the  farm  and  building  up  the  country. 
He  is  a  man  of  industry  and  worth  and  is  entitled  to 
and  receives  the  esteem  of  all. 

Edward  S.  Hegel  was  born  in  Eau  Claire  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  May  24,  1869.  His  father,  John  F., 
who  was  born  October,  1818,  in  Baden,  Germany,  was 
a  plasterer  and  mason.  He  served  in  the  confederate 
army  under  Price  and  Johnston.  He  married  Eliza 
|.  Folt.  Edward  S.  worked  for  his  father  until  he  was 
fifteen,  then  went  to  Portland  remaining  three  years. 
Next  we  see  him  at  Ellensburg,  Washington,  and  later 
was  in  the  Okanogan  country.' He  was  also  at  Hunter, 
the  same  state,  where  he  was  occupied  in  raising  stock 
with  his  brother  for  five  years.  Selling  out,  he  went  to 
Palouse  country  and  farmed  for  two  years.  At  the 
date  mentioned  he  took  his  present  place  and  is  fast 
bringing  it  all  under  tribute  by  cultivation.  Mr. 
Hegel  married  Miss  Cordelia,  daughter  of  George  W. 
and  Carry  S.  Wayne,  who  are  mentioned  in  this  vol- 
ume. Mrs.  Hegel  was  born  in  Silverton.  Oregon,  on 
December  10,  1877.  Mr.  Hegel's  father  manufactured 
the  first  brick  made  in  Ellensburg  and  in  North  Yakima 


298 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  later  burned  the  first  kiln  in  the  Okanogan  country. 
He  died  in  1896.  Our  subject  was  school  director  and  is 
actively  interested  in  good  schools  and  general  prog- 
ress. 


CHRISTIAN  FLAIG.  In  recounting  the  items 
in  the  career  of  the  subject  of  this  article  we  note  first 
that  he  was  born  in  Germany,  in  April,  1867.  His 
parents,  Joseph  and  Mary  (Wernz)  Flaig,  were  also 
born  in  Germany,  the  father  in  1830,  and  are  now  de- 
ceased. Our  subject  received  his  educational  train- 
ing in  the  schools  of  his  native  land  and  followed 
teaming  and  driving  stage  until  he  had  arrived  at  his 
majority.  Then  he  bade  the  fatherland  and  all  its 
loved  ones  and  associations  farewell  and  sailed  away  to 
New  York,  whence  he  went  direct  to  Spokane,  Wash- 
ington. He  soon  selected  Rosalia  as  the  place  of  opera- 
tions and  went  to  work  in  the  saw  mills.  In  the  year 
1888  he  came  to  Spokane,  and  in  1895  he  left  Rosalia 
and  came  to  the  reservation  country  and  located  his 
present  place.,  one  mile  south  from  Ilo.  He  has  a 
quarter  section  of  good  land,  well  improved,  having 
a  fine  house  and  orchard  and  buildings,  and  other  im- 
provements;  thrift  and  order  characterize  the  entire 
premises. 

In  1896,  at  Lewiston,  Mr.  Flaig  married  Miss  Min- 
nie, daughter  of  Frederick  and  Louise  Johns,  natives  of 
Germany,  who  now  live  near  Ilo.  The  former  was 
born  in  1853,  and  the  latter  in  1878,  being  an  only 
child.  Mr.  Flaig  has  three  brothers  and  sisters, — 
Mary,  Franz  and  Amale.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Flaig,— Louise  and  Fred.  Mr. 
Flaig  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  He  is  a  Demo- 
crat in  political  alliances  and  is  a  progressive  man. 
In  addition  to  his  farming  he  owns  and  operates  a  fine 
threshing  machine. 


FRANK  A.  KEMPER.  It  is  pleasure  to  us  to 
be  able  to  grant  to  this  prominent  and  substantial  citi- 
zen a  consideration  in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county, 
both  because  of  his  excellent  industry  and  wisdom, 
which  have  accumulated  a  good  holding  for  him,  and 
because  of  his  real  worth  and  integrity. 

Frank  A.  Kemper  was  born  in  Lippstadt.  Germany, 
on  August  31,  184^,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and 
Mary  E.  (Heimyer)  Kemper,  natives  of  Westphalia. 
Frank  attended  school  from  seven  to  fourteen.  At 
the  age  of  twenty  he  joined  the  regular  army  and 
served  in  the  Franco-Prussian  war,  being  under  Gen- 
eral Mantaufel.  He  served  in  four  of  the  fierce  battles 
of  that  war,  namely,  Forbach,  Columba,  Gravalotte 
and  Auxere.  He  endured  great  hardships  and  terri- 
ble fatigue  in  forced  and  long  marches.  Many  bul- 
lets passed  through  his  clothes  and  many  soldiers  fell 
at  his  side,  but  Mr.  Kemper  was  never  wounded.  He 
was  honorably  discharged  in  1871,  and  in  October  of 
that  year  he  came  from  Bremen  to  the  United  States, 
landing  in  Baltimore  October  22,  after  eleven  days  at 
sea.  On  March  13,  1872,  he  started  for  San  Francisco, 


and  his  train  suffered  wreck  at  Oakland,  but  he  was  not 
injured.  Then  he  came  by  steamer  "Ajax"  to  Port- 
land, and  there  followed  his  trade,  harness  making, 
for  four  years,  and  then  went  to  Cornelius  and  farmed 
for  some  time.  There,  on  January  16,  1877.  Mr. 
Kemper  married  Miss  Barbara  Thomas,  a  native  of 
Bavaria,  Germany.  In  1887  they  came  to  Uniontown, 
Washington,  where  Mrs.  Kemper  died  on  September 
18,  1888,  leaving  three  children,— Joseph,  Kate  and 
Nicholas.  On  July  25,  1889,  Mr.  Kemper  married 
Kate  Hageinan,  a  native  of  Peoria,  Illinois.  She  was 
born  on  March  4,  1855,  and  came  to  Uniontown  via 
San  Francisco  and  Portland,  in  1885.  Mr.  Kemper 
left  the  harness-making  trade  and  in  1893  made  a  trip 
to  the  reservation  to  inspect  the  land  and  view  the 
country;  the  result  was  that  on  November  18.  1895, 
he  was  on  hand  to  file  on  his  present  place,  about  two 
miles  northwest  from  Nezperce.  He  has  a  fine  seven- 
room  house,  a  large  barn,  first  class  granary,  bearing 
orchard  and  the  entire  premises  show  skill  and  indus- 
try. In  Mr.  Kemper's  house  was  held  the  first  Cath- 
olic service  of  the  entire  reservation  country,  and  for 
two  years  there  was  service  there  on  each  alternate 
Sunday.  Father  Suer,  a  well  known  and  faithful  mis- 
sionary, was  the  officiating  priest.  One  child.  Mary 
Magdalen,  has  been  born  to  this  couple. 


THOMAS    H.   LADOW.      This  worthy  pioneer 

abode  o/hTs^ellows.^He  is  worthy" of  TpSceTn  the 
history  of  northern  Idaho  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  accord  him  consideration.  He  is  a  man  of  integ- 
rity and  strong  character,  and  has  manifested  great 
energy  and  enterprise  in  his  course. 

Thomas  H.  LaDow  was  born  in  Oshkosh,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  August  22.  1853,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Cornelia  (Geer)  LaDow.  The  father  was  born  in 
Ohio,  in  1819,  and  was  a  pioneer  in  Wisconsin  and 
Minnesota,  being  in  the  last  state  at  the  time  of  the 
Sioux  uprising.  He  was  also  a  pioneer  in  Washing- 
ton. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  New 
York  in  June,  1826.  The  family  went  to  Wisconsin, 
and  in  1859  went  thence  to  Dayton,  Ohio,  returning 
again  to  Wisconsin ;  Thomas  distinctly  remembers  the 
debates  between  Lincoln  and  Douglas.  They  went 
from  Wisconsin  to  Minnesota,  and  in  1868  came  across 
the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Walla  Walla.  Four  years 
after  that  the  father  went  to  unsurveyed  land  north 
from  Palouse  and  settled,  and  that  is  the  home  where 
our  subject  remained  until  twenty.  In  November, 
1873,  he  began  carrying  the  mail  from  Lewiston  to 
Spokane,  there  being  no  town  at  Spokane,  only  a  store 
or  so,  and  no  town  between  that  and  Lewiston.  This 
was  the  first  mail  route  into  Spokane.  Until  1882  the 
mail  was  carried  on  hoseback.  and  in  that  year  Mr. 
LaDow  got  the  contract  for  himself.  He  then  put 
on  a  four-horse  stage.  Two  years  later  he  sold  out  and 
took  a  line  from  Colfax  to  Cheney.  In  1884  he  went 
to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines  and  there  operated  until 
his  exchequer  was  empty :  then  he  returned  to  staging. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


299 


He  operated  the  first  line  from  Moscow  to  Colfax, 
then  he  took  the  line  from  Farmington  to  Spokane  and 
later  bought  a  livery  stable  in  Moscow.  In  1886  Mr. 
LaDow  went  on  the  road  as  a  traveling  sales- 
man for  farm  implements,  and  in  a  short  time  he  went 
to  farming  near  Palouse.  In  March,  1896,  he  came  to 
the  reservation  and  took  his  present  place  three  miles 
south  and  two  east  from  Melrose.  He  has  a  good 
farm,  well  tilled,  fine  barn  and  orchard  and  also  handles 
considerable  other  land. 

On  November  9,  1884,  at  Moscow,  Mr.  LaDow 
married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Amos  and  Mary 
(Gwin)  Phillips.  Mr.  Phillips  was  a  pioneer  to  Whit- 
man county  in  1874.  Mrs.  LaDow  was  born  in  Dakota 
in  1863  and  has  two  sisters  and  one  brother,  Nora 
Whitson,  Hiram  and  Jennie  Ames.  Mr.  LaDow 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Jose- 
phine, Emmett  A.,  Lora  Palmer,  Hattie  Cox 
and  Stella  McConnell.  Two  sons  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  LaDow,— -Leonard,  and  Floyd,  de- 
ceased. They  are  members  of  the  Christian  church  in 
Melrose.  Mr.  LaDow  is  clerk  of  the  school  board  and 
has  been  since  the  district  was  organized.  He  is 
greatly  interested  in  good  schools  and  general  prog- 
ress. "  Mr.  LaDow  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  his 
friends  strongly  urged  him  to  accept  the  office  of  coun- 
ty commissioner. 

By  way  of  reminiscence  it  is  of  note  that  Mr.  La- 
Dow  was  present  when  the  volunteers,  Captain  Ran- 
dall, Lew  Willmott,  James  Curley,  C.  M.  Day,  Josh 
Rowden,  and  Joe  Moore,  were  surounded  by  the  In- 
dians and  Captain  Randall  and  Joe  Moore  were  killed 
almost  in  sight  of  the  soldiers.  Mount  Idaho  was  but 
a  trading  post  and  Grangeville  was  not  then  built. 


CHARLES  W.  MOTE,  the  enterprising  farmer 
and  patriotic  citizen  whose  labors  have  resulted  in  great 
good  in  the  line  of  development  in  Nez  Perces  county, 
resides  about  four  miles  southwest  from  Forest,  on  a 
farm  which  he  secured  through  homestead  right,  and 
which  his  industry  and  thrift  have  cultivated  and  im- 
proved in  a  commendable  manner. 

Charles  W.  Mote  was  born  in  Mahaska  county, 
Iowa,  on  June  20,  1850.  His  father,  Jacob  C.,  was 
a  farmer,  born  in  Darke  county,  Ohio,  on  October  27, 
1827,  and  was  a  pioneer  in  southwestern  Missouri. 
He  was  a  confederate  soldier  under  General  Greene. 
He  married  Rachel,  the  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
Jane  Cline,  and  she  died  on  April  15,  1876.  They 
had  one  child  besides  our  subject, — Emma  F.  Worth- 
ington.  Our  subject's  grandfather  was  born  in  Ohio, 
and  his  father  was  born  in  England.  Charles  W. 
worked  for  his  parents  until  twenty-two,  and  in  1878 
he  went  by  ship  to  Nino,  California.  One  year  later 
he  went  to  Siskiyou  county  and  dairied  six  years  and 
also  packed  to  the  mines  some.  On  October  19,  1885, 
Mr.  Mote  married  Miss  Lida  A.,  daughter  of  Henry 
C.  and  Hannah  Cory.  The  father  was  born  in  Indi- 
ana on  January  24,  1829,  and  his  father.  Daniel  F. 
Cory,  was  born  in  Ohio.  Henry  C.  Cory  died  July 


i,  1892,  and  his  wife  May  9.  1895.  Besides  Mrs.  Mote, 
they  had  the  following  named  children:  Marv  E. 
Walker,  born  December  24,  1850  (Mr.  Walker  was  in 
the  Illinois  Infantry  during  the  Rebellion)  ;  Lesius  H., 
born  December  to,  1852,  a  graduate  of  the  Spring- 
field Academy:  Aaron  E.,  born  January  28,  1855,  a 
miller;  Elsja  M.,  born  January  20,  1857,  a  pioneer  in 
Spokane;  Susa  L.  Davidson,  born  January  15,  1859; 
William  E.,  born  April  12,  1861  ;  Elda  E.  Estes,  born 
September  I,  1865 ;  Ina  A.  Denny,  born  January  12, 
1870;  Daniel  F.,  born  August  20,  1873.  He  was  a 
regular  at  Vancouver  for  three  years,  and  was  on  the 
Oregon  at  the  time  the  Spanish  fleet  was  captured. 
Our  subject  and  his  wife  landed  in  Union  county,  Ore- 
gon, on  November  i,  1885,  and  he  farmed  there  for  a 
decade.  On  December  4,  1895,  he  came  to  his  present 
place,  which  has  been  the  family  home  since  that  time. 
One  child  has  been  born  to  them,  Cory  A.,  born  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1890.  Mr.  Mote  is  a  member  of  the  M.  \V. 
A.,  and  in  political  matters  is  a  Republican. 


JOHN  V.  WILKS.  In  addition  to  the  business 
of  general  farming  which  our  subject  carries  on,  he  has 
been  greatly  interested  in  contract  work  and  freight- 
ing, having  followed  the  latter  from  Lewiston  to 
Grangeville  for  eleven  years.  Also  he  furnished  the 
telephone  poles  for  the  line  from  Lewiston  to  Alt. 
Idaho,  from  Morrow  to  Nezperce  and  from  Ilo  to 
Culdesac. 

John  V.  Wilks  was  born  in  Steuben  county.  New 
York,  on  April  12.  1851.  His  father,  William"  Wilks. 
was  born  in  England  on  January  10,  1821,  and  was  a 
farmer  and  lumberman.  He  married  Harriet,  the 
daughter  of  Ranee  and  Sarah  E.  Robbins.  She  was 
born  in  New  York  state  in  1827,  and  is  now  living  in 
Tillamook,  Oregon.  Our  subject  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  Sarah  E.  Christianson.  \Yilliam 
M..  John  V.,  James,  George,  Charley  L.,  Alary  Ann 
Hull,  Olive  L.  Ramon,  Hans,  Ellen  Crugg,  Hattie  A. 
Clinesample,  Emma,  Lillie  E.  and  Albert.  ( >nr  sub- 
ject remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  nineteen 
and  gained  meanwhile  an  education  from  the  district 
schools.  Then  he  began  farming  and  lumbering  in 
northern  Wisconsin,  where  four  years  were  spent,  and 
during  this  time  he  married  Aliss  Eliza  C.,  daughter  of 
William  D.  and  Cynthia  E.  Newton,  natives  of  Ver- 
mont. The  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Wisconsin  and  had 
many  fights  with  the  hostile  savages.  He  was  an  ex- 
pert violin  maker.  The  mother  was  born  on  August 
4,  1822,  and  was  left  a  widow  in  Wisconsin  with  nine 
children,  and  she  endured  great  hardships  and  wrought 
with  an  untiring  hand  to  accomplish  the  support  and 
bringing  up  of  this  large  family.  She  taught  the  first 
schools  in  Oconto  county  and  was  a  practicing  physi- 
cian, being  in  great  demand  among  the  people  of  her 
vicinity.  She  died  on  December  4.  1901.  Airs.  Wilks 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Charles  H., 
born  September  20,  1845:  George  N.,  born  Alarch  22, 
1847:  Sarah  E.  Hiszh,  born  April  7,  1855;  Robert  P., 
born  May  21,  1848;  Edward  D.  W.  L,  born  in  1849; 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Myron  A.,  born  June  i,  1852;  Luman  O.,  born  in 
1854;  Hattie  A.  Foltsz,  born  in  1856.  When  Mr. 
Wilks  married  he  went  to  York,  Nebraska,  and  lived 
there  for  seventeen  years.  Thence  he  came  to  Rock- 
ford,  Washington,  and  did  timber  work  for  three  years. 
The  next  move  was  to  their  present  place,  about  one 
mile  northwest  from  Forest,  where  he  has  a  farm  of 
eighty  acres,  which  is  well  fenced.  He  also  has  good 
buildings  and  other  improvements.  The  school  house 
is  on  .Mr.  Wilks'  place  and  he  is  an  active  advocate  for 
good  schools.  In  1893  he  was  chosen  road  supervisor 
and  held  it  seven  years  and  is  asked  again  to  fill  this 
position.  To  Mr.'  and  Mrs.  Wilks  there  have  been 
born  the  following  named  children,  John  W.,  born 
April  2,  1873 ;  Eddie,  born  January  22,  1875 ;  Emeline, 
born  April  21,  1876;  Eliza  L.,  born  July  10,  1878: 
Martha  E.,  born  December  28,  1880 ;  George  F.,  born 
March  16,  1883 ;  Rosa  M.,  born  June  5,  1885 ;'  Bertha 
M.,  born  March  29,  1888:  Lillie  E.,  born  April  21, 
1891:  William  D..  born  July  25,  1892;  Zoa  F.,  born 
June  10,  1894;  Ruth  E.,  born.  May  28,  1895;  Myrtle 
A.,  born  February  8,  1898. 


JOSEPH  S.  SIMMONS,  a  prosperous  and  intelli- 
gent farmer  residing  about  two  miles  northeast  from 
Ilo  on  the  estate  which  he  took  by  homestead  right 
from  the  wilds  of  nature,  has  done  good  labor  in  the 
building  up  of  the  country  and  is  one  of  the  enterpris- 
ing devotees  of  progress  in  every  line,  especially  in  the 
matter  of  betterment  of  educational  facilities,  for  the 
purpose  of  which  he  even  advocates  doubling  the  school 

Joseph  S.  Simmons  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Iowa,  on  November  20,  1859,  being  the  son  of  William 
C.  and  Mary  B.  (Allen)  Simmons.  The  father  was  a 
farmer,  born  in  Maryland  in  1819  and  died  in  1876. 
He  came  to  Warren  county  as  early  as  1846,  being  one 
of  the  very  first  settlers  there.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Indiana  in  1821  and  is  now  living  in  Nez' 
Perces  county.  Her  father  was  in  the  Blackhawk  war 
and  also  in  the  war  of  1812.  She  was  a  grandniece 
of  Daniel  Boone  and  her  parents  were  pioneers  in  Ken- 
tucky. Our  subject  received  his  education  in  his  native 
place  and  remained  there  until  young  manhood.  1879 
marks  the  date  when  he  started  west  for  himself  and 
he  was  in  the  first  rush  to  Leadville,  in  the  San  Juan 
country,  and  then  traveled  in  New  Mexico,  Arizona, 
Montana,  Wyoming  and  returned  to  Iowa  after  he  had 
been  absent  four  years.  He  farmed  there  for  a  couple 
of  years  and  in  1886  came  to  Genesee,  settling  to  the 
basic  art  for  nine  years.  Then  came  a  move  to  Camas 
prairie  and  when  the  reservation  opened  he  took  his 
present  place  and  has  devoted  himself  principally  to 
raising  grain  and  improvement  of  his  farm  since.  He 
is  one  of  the  substantial  agriculturists  in  the  section 
anrl  .a  man  whom  all  respect. 

On  January  4,  1885,  in  Iowa.  Mr.  Simmons  married 
Miss  Mary  F.,  daughter  of  Absalom  B.  and  Susan 
(Little)  Banks.  The  father  was  born  in  North  Caro- 
lina in  1828  and  the  mother  in  Kentucky  in  1838  and 


they  both  live  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mrs.  Simmons 
was  born  in  Warren  county,  on  July  26,  1867,  and  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  James  George, 
Isabella,  Andrew  J.,  Cora  J.  Mr.  Simmons  has 
brothers  and  sisters  named  as  follows :  Lewis  A.,  Me- 
halah  A.,  John  B.,  Lucinda  R.,  William  T.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  couple,  James,  Herbert,  and 
an  infant  unnamed.  Mr.  .Simmons  is  an  active  Demo- 
crat and  a  familiar  figure  in  the  caucuses  and  conven- 


ERNEST  C.  MABBOTT.  This  young  and  enter- 
prising agriculturist  has  done  his  share  toward  the 
opening  of  the  reservation  country  and  it  is  with  pleas- 
ure that  we  accord  him  a  review  of  his  career  in  the 
history  of  this  section. 

Ernest  C.  Mabbott  was  born  in  Iowa  county,  Wis- 
consin, on  April  2,  1874,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Nellie  (Farwell)  Mabbott,  natives  of  Iowa  county, 
and  now  living  in  Nez  Perces  county.  They  were 
among  the  first  settlers  in  Iowa  county,  and  have 
wrought  well  on  the  frontier.  The  maternal  grandfa- 
ther was  in  the  Pikes  Peak  excitement  and  died  in 
that  country.  Our  subject  grew  to  the  age  of  eighteen 
in  Iowa  county  and  received  a  high  school  education. 
When  he  was  eighteen  he  came  to  Genesee,  and  one 
year  later  went  thence  to  eastern  Colorado  and  re- 
mained two  years.  In  1895  he  came  to  Genesee  again, 
and  two  years  after  that  time  he  came  to  the  reserva- 
tion and  secured  his  present  place,  two  miles  north  and 
two  east  from  Ilo.  He  has  done  well  by  devoting  him- 
self to  general  farming  and  raising  hogs. 

On  December  19,  1899,  Mr.  Mabbott  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Jefferson  and  Priscilla  (Tatron) 
Tutfle,  natives  of  New  York  and  born,  respectively,  in 
1844  and  1843.  The  wedding  took  place  in  Yuma, 
Colorado,  and  two  children  have  been  born  to  them, 
— Lela  A.  and  Ivan  E.  Mrs.  Mabbott  was  born  in 
Howard,  Nebraska,  on  November  12,  1880,  and  has 
two  sisters  and  three  brothers,— Nellie,  Frank,  Cora, 
Winfield  and  Thomas.  Air.  Mabbott  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  May  Lyford,  Grace  Markham, 
Guy,  Ruth.  Mr.  Mabbott  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  . 
W.  at  Fletcher.  He  is  a  Republican  and  a  progressive 
citizen,  always  laboring  for  the  general  welfare  and 
advancement:  He  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  at  Ilo. 


JOSEPH  STACH.  Without  doubt  some  of  the 
most  enterprising  citizens  of  this  country  have  come 
to  us  from  the  Fatherland,  and  one  among  this  worthy 
number  is  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this  article;  it  is 
with  pleasure  we  accord  him  representation  in  the  his- 

and  integrity,  since  he  has  done  a  first  class  work  in 
developing  the  country,   since  he  is  now  one  of  the 

patriotic  and  public  minded  citizen  of  worth  and  ex- 
cellent standing. 

Joseph  Stach  was  born  in  Germany  on  November 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


27,  1859,  being  the  son  of  S.  and  Hattie  Stach,  natives 
of  Germany.  They  came  to  this  country  when  our  sub- 
ject was  twelve  years  old  and  settled  in  Todd  county, 
Minnesota,  where  they  still  reside,  prosperous  and 
prominent  people.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Ger- 
many and  in  Minnesota,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  Todd 
county.  In  1884  he  came  to  Uniontown,  Washington, 
and  in  1892  he  returned  to  Minnesota  and  there,  on 
August  21,  1893,  he  married  Miss  Martha  Kripstach, 
whose  parents  were  natives  of  Germany.  Mr.  Stach 
came  back  to  Washington  {hen,  and  his  home  was 
there  until  the  opening  of  the  reservation.  His  inher- 
ent energy  and  enterprise  led  him  to  be  on  hand  on 
the  eighteenth  of  November,  1895,  to  take  his  present 
place,  which  lies  about  three  miles  northwest  from 
Nezperce.  '  He  filed  on  the  nineteenth  of  November, 
1895,  and  since  that  date  he  has  been  one  of  the  pros- 
perous, industrious  and  leading  citizens  of  this  sec- 
tion. His  place  shows  genuine  skill,  industry  and 
wisdom  and  the  abundant  returns  from  field  and  stall 
testify  of  his  prosperity  and  substantiality. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stach  are  stanch  members  of  the 
Catholic  church  and  they  are  liberal  supporters  of  the 
faith.  Six  children  have  been  born  to  gladden  their 
home, — Hetta,  Barney  F.,  Celia,  Joseph,  Albert  and 
John. 


JACOB  E.  FREEBURN.  As  a  pioneer  of  the 
country  adjacent  to  Forest  and  one  of  the  untiring 
laborers  to  bring  development  and  progress,  we  chron- 
icle the  items  of  the  career  of  our  subject  and  grant 
him  space  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

Jacob  E.  Freeburn  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Iowa,  on  December  27,  1856,  being  the  son  of  William 
Freeburn,  who  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  on  August  6, 
1817.  He  was  an  enrolling  officer  in  the  Civil  war  and 
received  an  honorable  discharge  at  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  and 
Maggie  Shannon,  and  died  in  August,  1901.  The  fol- 
lowing named  children  were  born  to  this  union :  John 
P.,  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war;  William,  Wesley  S., 
Mary  C.  Brockman,  Matilda  Peters,  Clara  Welch, 
Charlie  E.,  Martha  W.,  Clark,  Maggie,  Upton,  and  also 
the  subject  of  this  article.  Jacob  E.  worked  at  home 
until  he  was  twenty-four  and  then  married  Martha,  the 
daughter  of  Allen  W.  and  Emily  Bottorff.  The  father 
was  born  in  Iowa  and  the  mother  was  born  in  Illinois 
on  September  27.  1828.  They  had  the  following  named 
children  in  addition  to  Mrs.  Freeburn,  James  M., 
Jacob.  Sarah  J.  Keen,  Laura  M.  Carter,  William  A., 
Theoclosia  Krowlman.  After  his  marriage  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  went  to  farming  in  Nebraska  and  contin- 
ued for  three  years.  Then  came  a  move  to  Walla 
Walla,  whence 'he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  and 
bought  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land.  He  con- 
ducted a  hotel  and  bar  in  Morrow  and  then  in  Forest 
for  a  time.  Later  he  located  on  unsurveyed  land  on 
the  Salmon,  where  he  is  now  running  a  band  of  cattle. 
He  has  over  fifty  head  of  stock  and  also  a  house  and 
lot  in  Forest.  He  has  bought  and  sold  considerable 
town  property  and  was  one  of  the  very  first  to  settle 


in  its  precincts.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Freeburn  there  have 
been  born  five  children,— Emma  E.  Critchfield,  Jessie 
M.  Lemons,  William  A.,  Cora  E.,  Delia  V.  Air.  Free- 
burn  has  done  a  great  deal  to  build  up  the  country  and 
is  one  of  the  influential  men  of  the  section. 


HENRY  D.  COOLEY.  As  a  veteran  of  the  ter- 
rible Civil  war,  a  successful  business  man  in  the  east, 
a  traveler  to  many  sections  of  the  west,  a  substantial 
farmer  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  an  upright  and  ca- 
pable man  of  integrity  and  sound  principles,  we  grant 
to  the  subject  of  this  article  consideration  in  the  his- 
tory of  his  county. 

'Henry  D.  Cooley  was  born  in  Whitewater,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  July  18,  1842,  being  the  son  of  Orville  and 
Caroline  (Curtis)  Cooley.  The  father  was  born  in 
Attica,  New  York,  in  1823,  and  died  in  Minnesota  in 
1895.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  California  in  1849,  also  a 
pioneer  in  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota,  having  owned 
some  of  the  land  where  Milwaukee  now  stands.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  New  York  and  died 
in  Minnesota  in  1890.  In  1859  the  family  removed  to 
Rochester,  Minnesota,  where  the  father  bought  land. 
When  the  Civil  war  broke  out,  Henry  D.  was  stirred 
with  patriotism  and  on  June  26,  1861,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  B,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry,  under  Colonel 
Van  Cleve.  He  fought  at  the  battles  of  Mill  Springs, 
Shiloh,  the  siege  of  Corinth,  Chickamauga,  Perryville, 
Kentucky,  Atlanta  and  also  made  the  famous  march 
to  the  sea  under  Sherman.  He  was  veteranized  in 
Chickamauga.  Mr.  Cooley  was  in  the  grand  review 
at  Washington  and  the  contrast  between  the  well 
dressed  troops  from  the  Potomac  and  the  ragged  vet- 
erans just  out  of  the  terrible  march  to  the  sea,  was  very 
apparent.  Mr.  Cooley  was  taken  to  Fort  Snelling, 
Minnesota,  and  there  mustered  out  on  July  n.  1865. 
He  returned  to  Rochester,  bought  land  and  settled  to 
farming.  In  1872  he  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  one 
year  later  returned  to  Minnesota  and  there  bought 
wheat  until  1891.  In  that  year  he  went  to  Palouse 
and  opened  a  confectionery  store  but  later  went  to  the 
Okanogan  country  in  Washington.  Returning  to  Pa- 
louse,  he  remained  until  the  opening  of  the  reservation 
and  then  took  his  present  place,  about  three  miles 
southeast  from  Melrose.  He  has  a  good  orchard  ami 
raises  the  cereals  and  some  stock. 

On  November  3,  1867,  at  Rochester,  Minnesota, 
Mr.  Cooley  married  Miss  Josephine,  daughter  of  John 
and  Cornelia  (Gere)  La 'Dow.  The  father  was  an 
early  pioneer  farmer  in  Minnesota  and  came  to  Wash- 
ington and  settled  near  the  Idaho  line  in  1888.  Mrs. 
Cooley  was  bom  in  McHenry  county,  Illinois,  in  1847, 
and  has  the  following  brothers  and  'sisters :  Emmett,  a 
preacher  of  the  Christian  church  in  Palouse:  Lora 
Palmer,  in  Walla  Walla:  Hattie  Cox  and  Stella  Mc- 
Connell.  both  in  Palouse;  Thomas,  in  Nez  Perces 
county  and  enjoying  the  distinction  of  carrying  the 
first  mail  from  Lewiston  to  Spokane.  Mr.  Cooley  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Alta  Hubbard.  and 
Ella  Orderkirk,  both  in  Rochester,  Minnesota:  Ver- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


non,  killed  in  an  accident  on  his  farm  at  Gary,  South 
Dakota.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Cooley— Louis  R.,  at  home ;  John,  in  Nez  Perces 
county :  Marion  Wellis,  and  Leonard,  both  in  Spokane. 
Mr.  Cooley  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  a  strong 
Republican,  while  his  wife  is  a  Prohibitionist.  They 
are  both  members  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr. 
Cooley  is  a  strong  advocate  of  good  schools  and  labors 
for  this  end  with  zeal. 


CHARLES  W.  GRINSTEAD,  a  thrifty  farmer 
and  influential  man,  who  lives  about  one  mile  north- 
west from  Forest,  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of 
property  and  a  public  minded  citizen  of  this  section. 

Charles  W.  Grinstead  was  born  in  England,  on  De- 
cember i,  1860.  His  father,  Charles  G.  Grinstead,  was 
a  clergyman  and  devoted  himself  to  his  calling  all  his 
life.  He  married  Sarah  A.  Stanley,  whose  father  was 
a  prominent  physician  and  surgeon.  The  father  died 
in  March,  1899,  and  the  mother  died  on  November  30, 
1901.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents  until  he 
was  twenty-four,  having  received  a  good  college  edu- 
cation. He  left  England  in  the  spring  of  1885  going 
direct  to  Ontario,  Canada,  where  he  remained  nine 
months  and  then  made  his  way  to  the  United  States 
and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business.  In  1899  he 
came  to  his  present  place  and  bought  one  hundred  and 
thirty  acres  of  land.  It  is  partly  in  cultivation,  all 
fenced  and  furnished  with  plenty  of  good  improve- 
ments, among  which  may  be  mentioned  a  fine  eight- 
room  house,  good  large  frame  barn  and  other  buildings. 
He  has  sufficient  stock  to  carry  on  the  place  and  is  a 
thrifty  farmer. 

On  September  6,  1892,  Mr.  Grinstead  married  Miss 
Gertrude,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Eliza  Cline. 
Mr.  Cline  was  a  barrister  in  India  and  not  only  handled 
the  language  with  fluency,  but  was  also  a  very  prom- 
inent man  in  his  profession  and  exceptionally  talented. 
Mrs.  Grinstead  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters : 
George  L.,  Charles  H.,  Edith  C.  Bullock,  Adaline  R. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grinstead  there  have  been  born  three 
children— Charles  C.,  Gertrude  L.  A.,  Ledlie  S.  R. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grinstead  are  members  of  the  Episcopal 
church  and  devout  and  faithful  supporters  of  the  same. 
Mr.  Grinstead  is  an  ardent  and  well  informed  Re- 
publ-'can. 


ABSALOM  B.  BANKS.  This  venerable  and  en- 
terprising stockman  and  agriculturist  is  one  of  the  in- 
dustrious men  who  have  made  the  reservation  country 
blossom  as  the  rose,  thereby  adding  materially  to  the 
wealth  of  the  country. 

Absalom  B.  Banks  was  born  in  Stokes  county, 
North  Carolina,  on  November  19,  1828,  being  the  son 
of  Squire  and  Elizabeth  Banks,  natives  of  North  Car- 
olina and  born  in  1807  and  in  1820  and  died  in  1882 
and  1886,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  of 
North  Carolina,  as  was  his  father,  who  was  a  patriot 


in  the  Revolution  and  experienced  many  thrilling  ad- 
ventures and  narrow  escapes.  When  our  subject  was 
three  the  family  went  to  Indiana,  thence  to  Kentucky 
and  later  again  to  Jennings  county,  Indiana.  There  our 
subject  was  reared  and  remained  until  manhood's  es- 
tate. He  gained  his  education  from  the  pioneer  schools 
of  the  day  and  when  thirty,  having  been  interested 
until  that  time  with  his  father,  he  bought  a  farm  and 
settled  to  labor  on  his  own  account.  When  thirty-two 
he  went  to  Iowa  and  took  land  in  Marion  county.  Four 
years  later  he  sold  and  removed  to  the  southern  part 
of  the  state.  Later  he  sold  there  and  removed  to  cen- 
tral Kansas.  Six  years  there  and  he  removed  to  north- 
eastern Iowa,  where  he  remained  for  twenty-six  years. 
Next  we  see  him  in  Harrison  county,  Missouri,  where 
he  remained  for  eight  years.  On  October  26,  1901, 
Mr.  Banks  landed  on  his  present  farm,  which  he  pur- 
chased. It  is  a  good  place  and  lies  about  one  mile  east 
from  Ilo. 

In  1857  Mr.  Banks  married  Miss  Susan,  daughter 
of  Jefferson  and  Elizabeth  Little,  farmers  and  natives 
of  Kentucky.  Mrs.  Banks  has  two  brothers,  George 
and  Wayne".  Mr.  Banks  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters  who  are  living,  from  a  family  of  six  broth- 
ers and  six  sisters:  Emma,  Albert,  James.  Six  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  worthy  couple:  James, 
George,  Andrew,  Isabella  Phillip,  Mary  Simmons, 
Cora  Jane  Miller.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Banks  are  members 
of  the  United  Brethren  church  and  are  highly  respected 
people.  Mr.  Banks  was  a  member  of  the  home  guards 
in  Kansas  and  desired  to  go  south  and  fight  but  was 
held  in  Kansas. 


HERBERT  T.  HOSLEY.  This  stirring  and  high- 
ly respected  young  man  is,  in  company  with  his  broth- 
er, handling  a  fine  business  as  blacksmith  and  mechan- 
ic. He  is  a  man  of  broad  experience  in  various 
branches  of  mechanical  industry  and  has  proved  him- 
self a  skillful  and  talented  artisan  in  his  line  of  work. 

Herbert  T.  Hosley  was  born  in  Mendota,  La  Salle 
county,  Illinois,  on  April  22,  1869.  His  father,  An- 
drew J.  Hosley,  was  a  cabinet  maker  and  was  born  in 
Arlington,  Vermont,  on  July  20,  1841.  He  was  a  pio- 
neer  in  Rooks  county,  Kansas,  and  served  three  years 
and  eleven  months  in  the  Eighty-ninth  Illinois  Volun- 
teer Infantry.  He  was  one  of  the  crew  on  the  flying 
train  to  assist  in  fighting  the  awful  Chicago  fire.  Mr. 
Hosley  married  Jennie  Matteson  and  they  became  the 
parents  of  five  children,  our  subject,  Isabella  J.  Wil- 
kins,  Robert  A.,  Ida  Eaton,  and  Frank  H.,  now  in 
partnership  with  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The  firm 
is  known  as  Hosley  Brothers,  of  Forest,  and  they  do 
n  good  business.  Our  subject  remained  under  the 
parental  roof  until  he  was  seventeen  and  then  entered 
apprenticeship  in  the  Dowing  &  Watham  Machine 
shops  at  Clay  Centre.  Three  years  in  that  shop  and 
then  we  see  him  in  Spokane,  where  he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Washington  Water  Power  Company.  Later 
he  was  engineer  in  the  Tidball  block  and  went  to  Day- 
ton in  1891.  He  took  charge  of  the  Eckler  sawmill 
and  in  the  spring  of  1892  he  entered  the  employ  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Feehan  as  engineer.  He  remained  with  him  until  1901, 
and  then  opened  his  present  shop  where  he  and  his 
brother  are  doing  a  good  business. 

On  October  28,  1894,  Mr.  Hosley  married  Miss 
Elsie  E..  the  daughter  of  John  G.  and  'Margaret  C. 
Ball.  The  father  is  a  farmer  and  was  born  on  April 
25,  1856,  and  the  mother  was  born  on  October  22, 
1859,  and  they  are  both  still  living.  Besides  Mrs. 
Hosley  they  were  the  parents  of  three  children,  Liberty 
L.,  Orville  O.,  Violet  V.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hosley,  Cecil  F.,  Marion  B., 
Freeda  G.,  Fay  H.  Mr.  Hosley  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  prominent  in  fraternal  circles.  He 
has  been  noble  grand  of  his  lodge  and  is  now  P.  G., 
D.  D.,  and  G.  M.  of  Idaho.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.  Mr.  Hosley  stands  well  in  the  com- 
munity, is  a  man  of  stirring  energy  and  has  hosts  of 
friends. 


HAROLD  L.  LEE.  An  enterprising  business  man 
of  good  standing,  possessed  of  the  meed  of  honest  en- 
deavor in  a  good  holding  of  property  and  withal  a 
substantial  and  capable  man  and  public  minded  citizen, 
the  subject  of  this  article  deserves  representation  in 
the  history  of  his  county. 

Harold  L.  Lee  was  born  in  Throndhjem,  Norway, 
on  August  17,  1873,  being  the  son  of  Halvor  A.  Lee. 
The  father  was  born  in  1840,  educated  in  the  official 
schools  and  held  different  state  offices  for  many  years. 
He  was  also  an  expert  painter  and  carver.  He  married 
Lydia,  the  daughter  of  Eric  Ovre,  who  died  in  1876. 
Our  subject  lived  with  an  uncle  and  aunt  until  he  was 
eleven  and  then  started  on  the  long  voyage  for  the 
New  World.  After  landing  he  journeyed  to  Yankton 
county,  South  Dakota,  and  for  four  years  was  em- 
ployed in  herding  cattle.  On  March  3,  1890,  he  came 
to  Moscow,  thence  to  Mason  prairie.  His  father  took 
a  homestead  here  and  our  subject  proved  up  on  it  later. 
Then  he  filed  on  a  place  which  he  relinquished.  After 
this  he  removed  to  Forest  and  opened  a  livery  and 
feed  barn.  He  has  two  and  one-half  acres  of"  land, 
house  and  barn  and  is  doing  a  good  business. 

On  March  3£  1899,  Mr.  Lee  married  Ella  M., 
daughter  of  Isaac  and  .Amanda  Malone,  natives  of 
Iowa  and  Oregon,  respectively.  The  father  followed 
farming,  carpentering  and  teaching  school.  Mrs.  Lee 
was  born  on  March  3,  1882.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lee  have 
two  children,  Mary  A.,  Mable  E.  Mr.  Lee  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  W.  "A.,  while  he  and  his  wife  belong  to 
the  Lutheran  church-.  Mr.  Lee  is  an  active  and  inter- 
ested Republican,  being  influential  in  the  campaigns. 


GEORGE  E.  TATKO.  Engaged  in  the  dual  oc- 
cupation of  farming  and  raising  stock,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  has  done  excellent  work  in  the  development 
and  improvement  of  the  reservation  country  and  is 
deserving  of  representation  in  the  volume  of  its  his- 
tory. 

"George  E.  Tatko  was  born  in  Germany,  on  March 


13,  1859,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Aggie  (Meyer) 
Tatko,  natives  of  Germany;  the  father  died  in  1873 
and  the  mother  in  1862.  The  father  was  born  in  1820. 
Our  subject  grew  to  young  manhood  and  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  country.  He  heard  of  the  excel- 
lent opportunities  in  the  new  world  and  came  hither 
seeking  the  road  to  fortune.  He  worked  in  the  railroad 
shops  in  Allentown,  Pennsylvania,  whither  he  had 
come  from  New  York,  his  landing  place.  Three  years 
were  spent  in  the  shops  and  then  Mr.  Tatko  came  to 
Iowa  and  farmed  near  Osage  for  two  years.  In  1889 
he  came  thence  to  Spokane  and  worked  in  a  sawmill 
for  one  year.  The  next  move  was  to  the  vicinity  of 
Palouse  in  Whitman  county,  where  he  farmed  for  five 
years.  At  the  opening  of  the  reservation  in  1895,  he 
came  hither  and  took  his  present  place,  one-half  mile 
south  from  Ho.  This  has  been  the  family  home  since 
that  time  and  Mr.  Tatko  is  one  of  the  enterprising 
residents  and  leading  farmers  of  this  section. 

In  1894,  at  Lewiston,  Mr.  Tatko  married  Mrs. 
Cynthia  Lenz,  a  native  of  Allegheny  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania. She  has  the  following  brothers,  Joseph  and 
John  Strubble.  Mr.  Tatko  has  one  sister,  Sophia,  still 
in  Germany,  and  has  one  half-brother,  Jacob,  also  in 
Germany.  Mr.  Tatko  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  Mr.  Tatko  is  a  Democrat  and  is  an  advocate 
of  better  schools.  He  owns  now  one-half  section  of 
land  which  is  well  improved  and  in  addition  to  doing 
general  farming,  he  raises  cattle  and  hogs,  being  one 
of  the -prosperous  men  of  the  section. 


SAMUEL  S.  MORSE.  This  enterprising  agri- 
culturist is  one  of  the  developers  of  the  reservation 
and  is  now  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  wise  labors  in 
his  home,  about  one  mile  north  from  Nezperce,  where 
he  has  a  fine  farm,  well  improved  and  productive  of 
annual  dividends  of  a  gratifying  amount. 

Samuel  S.  Morse  was  born  in  Delaware  county, 
Ohio,  on  April  30,  1854,  being  a  son  of  Ahira  and 
Rosa  (Laffey)  Morse,  natives  of  Vermont  and  Ire- 
land, respectively.  The  father  was  in  the  war  of  1812 
and  was  first  married  in  1824.  This  wife  died  leaving 
him  a  family  of  seven  children.  In  1841  he  married 
the  mother  of  our  subject,  who  came  to  the  United 
States  in  her  twelfth  year.  Our  subject  is  the  young- 
est of  seven  children,'  making  fourteen  in  both  fami- 
lies. The  father  died  on  September  15,  1854,  in  his 
seventieth  year.  After  the  father's  death,  Samuel 
went  with  his  mother  and  stepfather  to  Chariton,  Lu- 
cas county,  Iowa,  where  he  gained  his  education  in  the 
log  school  houses,  and  remained  until  he  was  at  the 
age  of  maturity.  In  1873,  the  family  went  to  Butler 
county,  Kansas,  and  there  our  subject  entered  a  pre- 
emption. In  1881  he  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  in 
1885  returned  to  Butler  county,  where  he  was  married 
on  December  31.  i88<;,  to  Amanda  T-.  daughter  of 
James  and  Emily  C.  (Yantis)  Dunbar,  natives  of  Rus- 
sell county,  Kentucky.  They  removed  to  Appanoose 
county,  Iowa,  and  there  on  March  n,  1857,  Mrs. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Morse  was  born,  being  the  sixth  of  a  family  of  eight 
children.  Mr.  Dunbar  died  in  Iowa  and  the  widow 
went  to  Butler  county,  Kansas,  in  1873.  She  lived 
with  our  subject  and' his  wife  until  the  time  of  her 
death  on  September  19,  1902,  being  then  in  her  seventy- 
fourth  year.  She  was  a  devoted  member  of  the  Chris- 
tian church  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morse  are  also  members 
of  the  same  church.  Mr.  Morse's  mother  died  in  But- 
ler county,  Kansas,  on  January  7,  1900,  in  her  seventy- 
seventh  year.  As  soon  as  Mr.  Morse  was  married  he 
came  with  his  wife  to  Pomeroy,  Washington,  whence 
he  went  in  May,  1894,  to  Milton,  Oregon,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1896,  they  came  with  team  and  wagon  to 
the  reservation  country  and  he  secured  his  present 
claim,  which  consists  of  eighty  acres  of  exceptionally 
fertile  land.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  this 
household,  Maud  C,  born  August  12,  1887;  Elmer  S., 
born  August  26,  1889;  Nellie  F.,  born  March  n,  1894; 
Wilbur  S.,  born  in  Nezperce,  August  17,  1896,  being 
the  first  boy  born  in  that  town;  Ora  I.,  born  August 
8,  1899.  Mr.  Morse  has  two  brothers  in  the  west. 
They  came  in  1868.  Ahira,  who  is  an  invalid,  has 
suffered  from  paralysis  for  eleven  years  and  is  now 
living  in  Milton ;  F.'  B.  Morse,  now  in  Walla  Walla. 


CHARLES  E.  CHAPMAN.  Truly  this  gentle- 
man is  entitled  to  honorable  mention  among  the  pio- 
neers to  the  reservation  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county 
as  will  be  evinced  from  the  points  of  his  career  men- 
tioned, while  also  he  has  shown  forth  stanch  qualities 
of  uprightness  and  integrity  in  his  walk. 

Charles  E.  Chapman  was  born  in  Woodbury 
county,  Iowa,  on  June  24,  1868,  being  the  son  of 
George  and  Frances  J.  (Herrington)  Chapman.  The 
father  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  on  February 
24,  1827,  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1849.  He 
settled  in  Illinois,  moved  to  Iowa  in  1867,  and  died  on 
September  22,  1892.  He  had  two  brothers  in  the 
Civil  war.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Wayne  county,  Pennsylvania  on  December  27.  1830, 
and  died  in  1875.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  in  Penn- 
sylvania ;  she  had  two  brothers  in  the  Civil  war.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  Iowa,  Dakota  and  Montana. 
The  family  went  to  the  latter  state  in  1883,  and  two 
years  later  migrated  to  Emmons  county,  Dakota. 
Upon  the  opening  of  the  Nez  Perces  reservation,  Mr. 
Chapman  came  hither  and  in  April,  1896.  he  settled 
on  his  present  claim,  about  two  miles  east  from  Mel- 
rose.  He  had  arrived  in  Moscow  the  year  previous, 
and  his  entire  capital  was  fifteen  cents,  three  poor 
horses  and  a  covered  wagon.  He  had  traveled  the 
entire  distance  from  the  east  by  team. 

On  October  29,  1896,  Mr.  Chapman  married  Mrs. 
Phoebe  Dill,  a  daughter  of  William  and  Catherine 
(Pruner)  Beasley.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in 
Illinois,  Morgan  county,  on  February  28,  1839,  came 
as  a  pioneer  to  Umatilla  county,  Oregon,  in  1865,  to 
Idaho  in  1886  and  died  July  15,  1902.  The  mother  of 
Mrs.  Chapman  died  in  1878.  Mrs.  Chapman  was 
born  in  Umatilla  county,  Oregon,  on  September  28, 


1873,  and  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Sarah  Cox,  near  Odessa, 
Washington.  Mr.  Chapman  has  one  sister  and  three 
brothers,  Rosella  Coker,  Levi,  Henry  and  David.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chapman  there  have  been  born  three 
children,  Gertrude,  Mildred  and  William.  By  her 
former  marriage,  Mrs.  Chapman  had  two  children, 
Edwin,  deceased,  and  Hazel.  Mr.  Chapman  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A-,  Melrose  Camp,  No.  6216. 
He  is  a  Republican  and  has  been  elected  constable,  but 
refused  to  qualify.  Mr.  Chapman  has  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres,  well  improved,  a  fine  threshing  outfit,  and 
several  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  property  besides. 
He  came  to  the  reservation  without  enough  money  to 
file.  His  wife  was  obliged  to  hold  the  claim,  having 
only  an  unchinked  cabin  with  dirt  floor,  while  he  went 
to  earn  money.  All  the  hardships  incident  to  this  try- 
ing life  they  bravely  bore,  and  their  combined  wisdom 
and  labors  have  made  them  among  the  most  pros- 
perous people  on  the  reservation  and  they  are  entirely 
worthy  of  this  good  fortune  that  has  rewarded  their 
labors. 


THOMAS  H.  THOMPSON  is  the  efficient  and 
faithful  postmaster  at  Melrose  and  also  handles  a 
general  merchandise  estblishment,  where  he  has  a 
good  patronage.  He  is  a  man  of  stanch  qualities,  pub- 
lic spirited  and  active  in  the  welfare  of  the  place  and 
the  upbuilding  of  the  country. 

Thomas  H.  Thompson  was  born  in  Blue  Earth, 
Wisconsin,  on  January  2,  1859,  being  the  son  of 
Hans  and  Martha  (Johnson)  Thompson,  natives  of 
Norway,  and  now  residents  of  Melrose.  The  father 
was  born  in  1837  ar>d  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1857.  Our  subject  lived  in  Wisconsin  until  of  age, 
gaining  a  good  training  from  the  common  schools. 
Then  he  went  to  Dakota  and  took  land,  farming  for 
three  years.  After  that  he  went  into  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, doing  well,  and  later  operated  a  threshing  ma- 
chine for  himself  and  other  parties,  in  all  of  which  he 
did  well.  In  1888  he  went  to  Seattle  and  for  eight 
years  he  farmed  but  did  not  prosper.  His  next  move 
was  to  Moscow  and  in  the  fall  of  1896  he  came  to 
his  present  place,  on  the  reservation.  He  took  the 
land  as  a  homestead  where  .Melrose  now  stands  and 
donated  twenty  acres  for  a  town  site.  He  secured  the 
establishment  of  a  postoffice  in  1897  and  I.  N.  Huff- 
man was  the  first  incumbent  of  the  office.  In  1901 
Mr.  Thompson  was  appointed  as  postmaster  and  still 
retains  it.  At  the  same  date,  Mr.  Thompson  estab- 
lished his  store  and  his  ability  and  geniality  made  him 
successful. 

On  April  13,  1880,  in  Dakota,  Mr.  Thompson 
married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Matthias  and 
Sarah  Thompson,  natives  of  Norway.  Mrs.  Thompson 
was  born  in  Jackson  county,  Wisconsin  and  has  four 
brothers  and  three  sisters.'  Mr.  Thompson  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters,  George,  Ole,  deceased ; 
Carrie  Douglas,  and  one  other  sister,  deceased.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Thompson  have  been  blessed  by  the  advent 
of  four  children,  Sever,  Annie,  Hattie  and  Elmer. 
Mr.  Thompson  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 


MRS.  CHARLES  E.  CHAPMAN.  CHARLES  E.  CHAPMAN.  THOMAS  H.  THOMPSON. 


CHARLES  D.  BENSON.  MRS.  CHARLES  D.  BENSON. 


MRS.  WILLIAM  H.  GAGE.  WILLIAM  H.  GAGE. 


PETER  JUTTE. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  M.  W.  A.  He  is  a  Republican  and  always  takes 
the  active  part  that  becomes  the  intelligent  citizen,  and 
is  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  conventions  nearly  every 
year.  Mr.  Thompson  is  also  a  warm  advocate  of  the 
upbuilding  of  good  schools  and  always  labors  for  this 
worth  end. 


CHARLES  D.  BENSON.  Among  the  intelligent 
and  enterprising  mechanics  who  are  producing  credit- 
able evidences  of  their  skill  and  wisdom,  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  genial  gentleman  whose  name 
is  at  the  head  of  this  article  and  who  is  now  operating 
a  first  class  blacksmith  and  machine  shop  in  Culdesac. 
He  has  had  abundant  success  and  experience  hereto- 
fore and  is  a  valuable  acquisition  both  to  the  town  and 
county. 

Charles  D.  Benson  was  born  in  Wheeling,  West 
Virginia,  on  November  2,  1856,  being  the  son  of 
George  W.  and  Elizabeth  (DeHass)  Benson.  The 
father  was  born  in  Baltimore  and  the  mother  in 
Wheeling.  The  maternal  ancestors  of  our  subject  came 
from  Massachusetts  and  were  early  pioneers  of  Wheel- 
ing and  the  grandfather  was  a  doctor  and  also  oper- 
ated a  drug  store.  On  the  father's  side,  our  subject's 
ancestors  were  Irish  and  on  his  mother's  side  they 
were  French.  Charles  gained  a  good  education  from 
the  public  schools  and  from  the  state  normal,  being 
kept  from  graduating  from  the  latter  on  account  of 
his  father's  death.  That  sad  event  occurred  when  he 
was  sixteen  and  then  he  went  to  learn  the  blacksmith's 
art.  He  wrought  until  twenty-one  and  then  went  to 
Ashland,  Kentucky,  and  beat  the  anvil  for  the  Ash- 
land Coal  &  Iron  Company  for  three  years.  Two 
years  were  spent  at  Terre  Haute,  Indiana,  and  in 
1876,  we  find  our  subject  at  the  Centennial  Exposi- 
tion at  Philadelphia.  After  this  we  note  that  he 
wrought  in  Kansas  City,  Topeka,  Santa  Ee,  Galves- 
ton,  Texas.  Colorado,  then  six  years  again  in  New 
Mexico,  and  again  in  Colorado  and  finally  in  1888,  he 
came  to  Tekoa,  Washington.  He  wrought  some  for 
the  Union  Pacific  and  then  came  to  Moscow  and  in 
company  with  George  H.  Goude,  they  opened  a  foun- 
dry. They  put  in  eleven  thousand  dollars  apiece  and 
later  incorporated  for  thirty-three  thousand.  They 
did  a  large  business  until  1893  and  the  hard  times 
then  forced  an  assignment.  Our  subect  immediately 
opened  a  smaller  shop  and  wrought  successfully  for 
four  years  when  he  was  taken  one  year  from  his  work 
by  a  surgical  operation.  He  went  to  business  again 
and  later  was  forced  to  again  retire  for  a  year  on 
account  of  another  operation.  Upon  recovering  from 
this  he  went  to  Pullman,  Washington,  and  in  partner- 
ship with  George  Gausney,  he  whought  there  for  two 
years.  On  February  8,  1900,  Mr.  Benson  landed  in 
Culdesac  and  at  once  he  opened  a  shop.  He  has  a 
good  shop,  is  an  exceptionally  skillful  and  competent 
machinist  and  blacksmith,  and  stands  well  with  all 
the  people  and  enjoys  a  fine  patronage.  In  addition 
to  the  arts  mentioned,  Mr.  Benson  is  a  first  class 
worker  in  wood  and  does  much  wagon  work. 

On  October  26,   1891,  Mr.   Benson  married  Miss 


Annie  F.,  daughter  of  R.  G.  and  Jane  (Day)  Newland. 
Mr.  Newland  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  to  Wash- 
ington and  Oregon.  He  settled  on  the  original  home- 
stead of  Mr.  Jesse  N.  Day  on  the  Touchet  near  Day- 
ton, who  owned  the  town  site  of  Dayton,  and  was  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  that  section.  Dr.  J.  H.  Day 
of  Walla  Walla  was  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Benson.  He 
died  in  1896,  aged  eighty-seven,  and  was  a  highly  re- 
spected and  universally  beloved  man.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Benson  have  five  children,  Esther  and  Vester,  twins, 
Edna.  Fred  and  DeHass.  One,  Maggie,  an  excep- 
tionally robust  child,  died  at  two  years  of  age. 

It  is  of  note  that  Mr.  Benson  took  passage  on  the 
steamship  Metropolis,  when  he  was  in  Philadelphia 
in  1876,  and  started  for  Rio  De  Janeiro.  Five  clays 
out,  the  date  being  January  5,  1877,  tne  vessel  was 
wrecked  and  eighty-one  lives  out  of  one  hundred 
and  thirty  were  lost.  Our  subject  held  to  the  chains 
under  the  bowsprit  for  hours  waiting  for  the  debris 
and  dead  bodies  to  float  away  and  finally  dropped  into 
the  ocean  and  swam  ashore,  being  assisted  to  land 
by  rescuers. 

Mr.  Benson  was  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  of  the  W.  of  W.  Mrs.  Benson,  whose  parents 
were  natives  of  Virginia,  was  born  near  Dayton. 
Washington,  and  was  educated  in  Waitsburg  and 
Walla  Walla.  Her  father  was  state  representative 
once  of  Walla  Walla  county  and  once  of  Columbia, 
and  was  speaker  of  the  house  for  one  term. 


WILLIAM  H.  GAGE.  We  are  pleased  to  grant 
to  Mr.  Gage  a  consideration  in  the  pages  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  Nez  Perces  county  since  he  has  wrought 
in  this  section  for  a  long  time,  has  manifested  those 
qualities  of  worth  and  perseverance  that  bring  the 
meed  of  success  and  has  maintained  an  unsullied  re- 
utation,  becoming  one  of  the  leading  men  of  his  com- 
munity, being  esteemed  and  respected  by  all.  He  was 
born  on  October  i,  1857,  in  Gardner,  Grundy  county, 
Illinois,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  W.  and  Martha  A. 
(Rogers)  Gage,  natives  respectively  of  Vermont  and 
New  York.  They  came  to  Illinois  in  an  early  clay  and 
where  Chicago  now  stands  could  have  been  taken  as 
homestead  land  at  that  time.  They  removed  to  Mis- 
souri in  1869  and  to  Kansas  in  1876,  where  the  father 
died  in  1896,  aged  sixty-six  years  and  the  mother 
still  lives  there.  Our  subject  received  very  little 
schooling,  but  spent  his  boyhood  days  irt  working  for 
his  father  and  in  the  coal  mines  in  Missouri.  He  has 
been  careful  to  investigate  and  has  read  much  during 
his  life,  thus  having  made  up  for  the  lack  of  schooling. 
In  1879,  he  came  west,  locating  a  preemption  near 
Moscow,  where  he  went  into  the  liverv  business  but 


•  .Id 


a  Mr 


ed 


.uth  from  Gene'see,  where  he  purer* 
acres  of  land  and  farmed  until  1887  when  he  sold  and 
bought  his  present  place,  three  miles  south  from  Gen- 
esee.  This  land  was  wild  at  the  time  Mr.  Gage  bought 
it,  which  he  cleared  and  broke,  building  a  good  house, 
barns,  outbuildings  and  otherwise  improving  it  tin- 


306 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


til  it  is  a  model  farm.  He  has  a  fine  orchard  of  five 
hundred  trees  and  does  a  general  farming  business  and 
handles  some  stock.  Mr.  Gage  has  been  active  in  the 
field  of  education,  always  laboring  for  good  schools  and 
has  been  both  school  director  and  road  supervisor,  and 
always  evinces  a  manifest  interest  in  the  local  politics. 
On  December  6,  1885,  Mr.  Gage  married  Miss 
Julia,  daughter  of  E.  A.  and  E.  A.  (Warner)  Samp- 
son, natives  of  Missouri  and  Indiana,  respectively. 
They  crossed  the  plains  in  1847  to  Oregon  and  then 
returned  to  the  states  to  come  out  west  again  in  1852. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gage  have  become  the  parents  of  seven 
children,  as  follows,  Jessie,  going  to  school  in  Gen- 
esee,  William  C.,  Ernest  W.,  Mabel  A.,  Chester  E., 
Pearl  A.,  and  Eunice  A.  Mr.  Gage  affiliates  with  the 
W.  of  W.  and  the  A.  O.  P.  He  is  a  man  of  broad  ex- 
perience and  native  talent  which  gives  him  a  great 
prestige  in  the  community  where  he  is  respected  and 
confided  in  by  all. 


PETER  JUTTE,  deceased.  It  is  very  fitting  that 
in  the  volume  that  chronicles  the  history  of  Nez 
Perces  county,  there  should  appear  a  proper  memorial 
of  the  late  esteemed  and  beloved  gentleman  whose 
name  is  at  the  head  of  this  page,  since  he  was  one  of 
the  earlv  settlers  of  this  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county, 
and  here  he  labored  with  display  of  great  faithfulness, 
enterprise  and  wisdom  for  many  years  and  since  also 
he  was  a  man  of  great  strength  of  character,  being 
upright,  capable,  and  possessed  of  a  sterling  worth 
and  principle  that  always  guided  him  in  the  path  of 

reputation  and  high  honor. 

The  deceased  was  born  in  Saint  Peters,  Ohio,  on 
April  2,  1860,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Kate  Jutte, 
natives  of  Germany  and  immigrants  to  the  United 
States  in  1850.  Locating  in  Ohio,  they  spent  the  years 
of  their  life  there  and  now  repose  in  the  Catholic 
cemetery  in  Saint  Peters  of  that  state.  In  his  native 
town  our  subject  received  his  early  schooling  and 
there  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  had  arrived 
to  the  age  of  twenty-four.  At  that  time  he  made  a 
journey  to  Ottertail  county,  Minnesota,  and  two  years 
later,  he  came  thence  to  Nez  Perces  county,  Idaho, 
purchasing  a  half  section  of  land  where  the  family 
home  is  now  located,  about  four  miles  west  from  Gen- 
esee.  He  began  at  once  the  labors  of  transforming 
the  raw  sod  to  a  fertile  farm,  and  improvements  be- 
gan to  appear  in  various  portions.  Fences  and  barns 
were  built,  a  fine  residence  erected,  and  all  the  modern 
improvements  of  a  fine  western  grain  and  fruit  farm 
were  added  in  due  time.  He  manifested  great  wisdom 
and  untiring  care  of  the  entire  estate  and  under  his 
careful  husbandry  it  was  made  to  produce  abundant 
crops  of  the  cereals  and  other  things.  He  purchased 
from  time  to  time  pieces  of  land  until  the  estate  is  now 
four  hundred  and  seventy  acres  of  fine  land.  In  ad- 
dition there  is  one  acre  in  the  town  of  Genesee,  where 
the  intention  was  to  erect  a  home  to  be  occupied  by  the 
family.  The  farm  produces  as  high  as  six  thousand 


bushels  of  wheat  annually, 
condition. 

On  January   19,    1886, 


nd  it  is  kept  i 
rred  the 


iage  of 


Mr.  Jutte  and  Miss  Veronika,  daughter  of  Joseph  W. 
and  Barbara  (Secrist)  Doll,  the  father  being  a  native 
of  Ohio  and  the  mother  of  Germany,  and  they  reside 
in  Ottertail  county,  Minnesota.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Jutte  there  were  born  six  children,  four  of  whom  are 
living,  as  follows,  Barney  H.,  Anton  C.,  Albert  J.  and 
Edward  F.  On  April  16,  1902,  the  messenger  of 
death  came  to  Mr.  Jutte  and  snatched  him  hence.  It 
was  a  time  of  universal  mourning,  for  he  was  widely 
known  and  beloved  by  all  who  had  the  pleasure  of 
a  personal  acquaintance  with  him.  With  solemn  ser- 
vices the  remains  of  the  good  man,  the  true  and  devot- 
ed husband,  loving  and  wise  father,  capable  and  noble 
citizen  of  our  land  was  consigned  'to  the  last  resting 
place  in  the  Catholic  cemetery  in  Genesee.  He  had 
been  in  lifetime  a  popular  member  of  the  W.  of  W. 
Camp  No.  207  of  Uniontown,  and  a  devout  adherent 
of  the  Catholic  church.  The  heavy  grief  and  attend- 
ant burdens  that  have  fallen  upon  Mrs.  Jutte  are  nobly 
borne,  and  it  is  with  great  wisdom  and  commendable 
ability  that  she  is  assuming  the  responsibilities  and 
discharging  them  in  a  becoming  manner.  She  is 
handling  the  farm  and  maintains  the  home  place. 


HENRY  J.  ROGERS.  This  successful  and  capa- 
ble young  agriculturist  is  the  owner  of  a  good  estate 
one  and  one-fourth  miles  southwest  from  Melrose, 
where  the  family  home  is  and  where  Mr.  Rogers  has 
bestowed  his  labors  with  wisdom  and  skill. 

Henry  J.  Rogers  was  born  in  the  Willamette  val- 
ley, Oregon,  on  March  12,  1874,  being  the  son  of 
Henry  M.  and  Palina  (Whited)  Rogers.  The  father 
was  born  in  Wales  in  1828,  came  to  America  with  his 
parents  when  he  was  five,  and  in  1852  crossed  the 
plains  with  ox  teams  and  settled  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  being  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  that  coun- 
try, where  he  lived  on  one  farm  for  thirty  years.  He 
was  one  of  the  home  guards  of  the  territory.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1832 
and  died  in  1899.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  in  In-  " 
diana  and  Ohio.  The  father  of  our  subject  was  one  of 
the  early  miners  of  the  Boise  and  Powder  river  regions 
and  there  met  all  the  hardships  of  the  arduous  fron- 
tier life.  In  1877  the  family  came  to  Moscow,  it  being 
the  year  of  the  Indian  outbreak.  Henry  heard  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Butter  creek  battle,  and  though  young, 
called  his  parents'  attention  to  the  frequent  shots.  The 
father  secured  three  quarters  of  a  section  near  Moscow 
and  there  Henry  grew  up,  being  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  and  also  in  the  university.  At  the  open- 
ing of  the  reservation,  he  came  and  bought  the  re- 
linquishment  to  his  present  place  and  settled  down  to 
make  a  fertile  farm  and  a  good  home.  He  has  a  gen- 
erous orchard,  raises  much  grain  and  handles  hogs 
and  cattle  enough  to  use  all  of  his  grain  on  the  farm. 

On  September  29,  1895,  in  Moscow,  Mr.  Rogers 
married  Miss  Lulu,  daughter  of  James  and  Mary  Wil- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


cox,  natives  of  Missouri,  tlje  father  being  a  farmer  and 
plasterer.  Mrs.  Rogers  was  born  in  Missouri,  in  1876, 
and  was  educated  in  the  grammar  schools  in  Kent, 
Washington.  She  has  one  brother  and  one  sister, 
James,  in  Missouri,  and  Lillie  Hobson,  in  Beeman, 
Idaho.  Mr.  Rogers  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters, Eliza  Heick,  Marion  and  Matilda  Burgess,  Re- 
becca Burgess,  Thomas,  Minnie  Robertson.  One  child, 
Henry  James  Cecil,  two  and  one-half  years  old,  has 
been  born  to  this  happy  marriage.  Mr.  Rogers  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  W.  and  is  a  socialist  in  political  mat- 
ters. He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Church  of 
Christ  and  he  holds  the  office  of  elder  in  the  Melrose 
congregation.  He  is  a  man  of  good  influence  in  the 
community  and  is  one  of  the  solid  and  well  esteemed 
citizens. 


BENJAMIN  F.  AYTCH.  The  energy,  skill,  good 
business  qualifications  and  fine  achievements  of  Mr. 
Aytch  demonstrate  him  to  be  a  man  of  excellent  qual- 
ity and  one  who  has  won  first  class  success  in  the  battle 
of  life.  He  was  born  in  San  Joaquin  county,  Cali- 
fornia, on  September  14,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Will- 
iam H.  Aytch,  who  was  born  in  West  Point, 
New  York,  in  1819.  He  was  one  of  seven 
who  fought  the  Indians  against  great  odds  in  the 
Yosemite  valley.  He  married  Amanda,  daughter 
of  John  and  Caroline  Rodgers.  She  was  born 
in  Missouri.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Aytch  were 
born  eight  children,  the  subject  of  this  article, 
Kitty,  William  E.,  Ella  E.  Redfield,  Charles  H.,  Ada 
A.,  Lillie  R.,  Elonzo.  Our  subject  has  always  re- 
mained with  his  parents  and  they  are  living  with  him 
at  the  present  time.  They  all  went  to  Canyonville, 
Oregon,  in  the  seventies  and  later  returned  to  Siskiyou 
county,  and  in  1894  came  thence  to  his  present  place. 
Mr.  Aytch  landed  here  with  one  dollar  and  at  once 
began  to  secure  sheep,  upon  which  he  cleared  four 
thousand  dollars.  He  now  has  a  fine  farm  about  five 
miles  southwest  from  Forest,  eighty  acres  of  which 
is  good  meadow,  all  being  fenced,  has  comfortable 
buildings  and  much  room  for  hay  and  stock,  of  which 
he  owns  over  thirty  head.  He  is  prosperous  and  one  of 
the  substantial  men  of  the  section.  Mr.  Aytch  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  in  political  alliances  is 
with  the  Republicans.  He  is  a  man  of  good  standing, 
liberal  and  public  minded  and  always  labors  for  the 
general  good  and  advancement  along  all  lines. 


MICHAEL  N.  NYE,  a  thrifty  farmer  living  about 
one  mile  east  from  Forest,  should  be  ranked  as  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  this  section  and  is  surely  to  be 
credited  with  a  public  spirit  and  good  labors  in  im- 
provement and  building  up  the  country. 

Michael  N.  Nye  was  born  in  Kosciusko  county,  In- 
diana, on  February  17,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Michael 
Nye,  a  brick-mason,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1808.  and  a  pioneer  in  Indiana.  He  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Peter  and  Nancy  Kimes,  who  were  also 


pioneers  of  Indiana.  Besides  our  subject  there  were 
born  to  this  marriage  six  children:  Omar,  Jasper, 
Nancy  Disher,  Rebecca  Vanator,  Rowan,  Mary  Mag- 
rin.  Michael  N.  was  educated  in  the  common  "schools 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  sixteen 
find  then  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Seventy-fourth  In- 
diana Infantry.  He  served  eighteen  months  and  then 
was  discharged  on  a  general  order,  on  July  25,  1865. 
He  returned  home,  where  he  remained  for  two  years, 
then  went  to  Iowa  in  the  fall  of  1867,  traveling  also 
in  Kansas  and  Nebraska  until  the  beginning  of  1871. 
Then  he  returned  to  Marshall  county,  Indiana,  and 
married  Miss  Eliza,  daughter  of  Charles  H.,  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  and  Sarah  E.  Patterson,  a  native  of  In- 
diana. The  father  died  on  January  I,  1870,  and  the 
mother  died  on  February  4.  1894,  leaving  seven  chil- 
dren: Mrs.  Nye,  Mary  J.  Chapman,  George  A.,  Blair 
M..  Nancy  E."  Harvert,  James  W.,  Arrilda  Bell.  In 
1876  Mr.  Nye  went  to  Iowa  with  his  family,  farmed 
there  two  years  and  then  went  to  Kansas  and  took  a 
homestead.  They  remained  there  and  in  town  adja- 
cent until  1888,  when  they  came  to  Idaho  and  located 
on  his  present  place,  which  has  been  the  family  home 
since.  The  land  was  unsurveyed  when  they  came  and 
they  held  by  squatter's  right  but  filed  in  1896.  They 
have  a  portion  of  the  farm  cultivated,  about  seventeen 
head  of  stock  and  buildings  and  fencing.  Mr.  Nye  is 
an  active  supporter  of  good  schools  and  has  given  his 
children  a  college  education.  Politically,  he  is  allied 
with  the  Republicans  and  is  intelligent  in  the  issues  of 
the  campaigns  both  of  state  and  nation.  Four  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  couple :  Zoa  A.,  at  the  pres- 
ent time  head  nurse  in  the  Mountain  View  sanitarium 
in  Spokane ;  Bertha,  also  a  trained  nurse ;  Charles  A., 
a  stockman  on  the  Salmon  river;  Minnie  E.,  a  grad- 
uate of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Lewiston.  The 
young  ladies  who  are  nursing  are  both  graduates  of 
the  Battle  Creek  school  for  nurses  and  are  skillful  in 
their  work. 


SENEBER  S.  BROOKS.  About  two  miles  south- 
west from  Ilo  is  found  the  home  of  the  thrifty  and 
prosperous  citizen  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this  arti- 
cle and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  grant 
to  him  consideration  in  this  volume. 

Seneber  S.  Brooks  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Ore- 
gon, on  August  17,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Durin  P. 
and  Amanda  C.  (Hill)  Brooks.  The  father  was  born 
in  Michigan  in  1834,  crossed  the  plains  in  1852,  set- 
tling in  Linn  county.  He  was  a  farmer  and  stockman 
and  died  in  Huntsville,  Washington,  in  1882.  He  was 
a  volunteer  in  the  Rogue  river  Indian  war  of  1856.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Tennessee,  in  1834,  and  died  in 
1888.  Her  parents  came  to  Oregon  in  1851  from 
Iowa,  where  also  they  had  been  pioneers.  Our  subject 
grew  to  manhood  in  Oregon,  attending  common 
schools.  The  family  had  come  to  L'matilla 
county  when  he  was  thirteen  and  there  also 
he  attended  school.  When  he  came  to  the 
years  of  maturity,  he  went  to  the  state  uni- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


He  farmed  in  Umatilla  county,  in  Dayton  county  and 
finally  took  land  near  Farmington,  Whitman  county. 
He  gave  his  attention  to  farming  and  teaching 
for  a  number  of  years  and  continued  on  his  Whitman 
county  place  until  1895.  Then  he  came  to  his  present 
place  the  day  the  reservation  opened  and  secured  it 
by  homestead  right.  He  has  made  this  the  family 
home  since  and  it  is  now  a  well  improved  and  valuable 
place.  Mr.  Brooks  gives  his  attention  to  general 
farming  and  also  to  handling  stock.  He  has  cattle 
and  hogs  and  is  breeding  some  fine  Berkshires.  Mr. 
Brooks  is  erecting  a  new  barn  and  is  making  substan- 

In  Lewiston.  on  November  8,  1885,  Mr.  Brooks 
married  Miss  Victoria,  daughter  of  Elias  and  Callis- 
tine  (Holman)  Forgey.  The  father  was  born  in  1835 
and  the  mother  was  born  in  Missouri,  and 
both  are  living.  Mrs.  Brooks  was  born  in  Linn  coun- 
ty in  1866  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters : 
Vina  Bolic,  William  A.,  Isaac,  Dawn,  deceased,  Mrs. 
Ollie  Barnes,  Loufisa  Cliff,  Louisa  Watkins,  Elias,  de- 
ceased, Demarkis.  Mr.  Brooks  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Vinna,  deceased,  Hershel,  Fla- 
vius,  Mary,  deceased,  Clarburn  D.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Brooks  there  have  been  born  seven  children :  Blanche, 
Mabel,  Florence,  Clark,  Claude,  Prudence,  Roy.  Mr. 
Brooks  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  a  stanch 
Republican  and  always  active  in  the  campaigns.  Mr. 
Brooks  is  justice  of  the  peace  and  was  nominated  by 
his  party  for  county  commissioner  in  1900,  but  was  de- 
feated by  the  fusionists.  He  has  been  road  overseer 
for  four  years  and  is  an  advocate  for  improvement  and 
advancement  in  this  line  as  also  in  educational  facilities, 
for  which  he  untiringly  labors.  Mr.  Brooks  stands 
well  and  has  the  confidence  of  all  who  may  have  the 
pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 


CHARLES  H.  BROCKE  is  one  of  the  substantial 
respected  and  honorable  citizens  of  the  vicinity  of 
Nezperce.  The  labors  of  his  hands  dispensed  with 
wisdom  and  industry  have  done  a  worthy  amount  in 
the  good  work  of  building  up  this  country  and  of  aug- 
menting the  wealth  of  the  county,  while  his  own  hold- 
ings have  been  increased  to  a  prosperous  degree. 

Charles  H.  Brocke  was  born  in  Dixon  county,  Ne- 
braska, on  September  4,  1859,  being  the  son  of  John 
P.  and  Christina  (Webber)  Brocke,  natives  of  Ger- 
many, and  born  on  the  banks  of  the  Rhine.  The  fa- 
ther served  as  a  soldier  in  the  German  army  and  then 
they  migrated  to  Dixon  county,  Nebraska.  The  coun- 
try was  very  new  and  in  1863  there  occurred  the  awful 
Wiseman  massacre  in  their  neighborhood.  While  the 
father  was  in  the  army,  and  the  mother  away  from 
home,  the  Indians  killed  all  their  children,  five  in  num- 
ber. The  neighbors  were  all  frightened  and  fled  from 
the  country  and  Mr.  Brocke  was  left  to  hold  the  fron- 
tier position  alone.  He  did  so  and  later  the  country 
settled  up  permanently.  Our  subject  had  but  scanty 
opportunity  to  secure  an  education  in  this  wild  coun- 
try, which  he  was  forced  to  gain  by  careful  personal 


research  ana  reading  nights.-  On  October  17,  1881,  he 
married  Miss  Catherine,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Cath- 
erine Burgei,  natives  of  Germany.  They  came  to  the 
United  States  and  located  in  Wisconsin  and  in  1874 
went  thence  to  Nebraska.  In  1897  our  subject  came 
west  to  Kendrick,  landing  there  on  February  16.  In 
April  of  the  same  year  he  came  and  bought  the  re- 
linquishment  of  his  present  place,  putting  his  filing 


he  at  once  set  to  work  to  make  it  one  of  the  valuable 
home  places  of  the  community  and  the  excellent  im- 
provements show  the  industry 'and  wisdom  with  which 
he  has  wrought.  He  does  a  general  farming  business. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brocke  are  devout  and  active  members 
of  the  Catholic  church  and  are"  of  exceptionally  fine 
standing  in  the  community.  They  have  eight  children, 
John  P.,  Alary  C,  Katie,  deceased,  Christina,  Rosa, 
Lena  B.,  Frank  H.,  and  Katie  E.  Mr.  Brocke's  fa- 
ther died  in  1891  aged  sixty-six.  His  widow  is  now 
living  in  Vermillion,  South  Dakota,  aged  seventy-two. 


WESLEY  STEEL  is  one  of  the  heavy  land  own- 
ers of  Nez  Perces  county,  having  six  hundred  and 
forty  acres  in  the  vicinity  of  Melrose,  while  he  makes 
his  home  in  Lewiston,  where  he  has  a  good  residence 
and  some  business  property,  being  one  of  the  substan- 
tial business  men  and  a  true  type  of  the  enterprising 
westerner. 

Wesley  Steel  was  born  in'  Monroe  county,  Ohio, 
on  April  i,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Jabe  and  Susan 
(Mann)  Steel. *  The  father  was  born  near  Philadel- 
phia, and  went  to  Ohio  as  a  pioneer  in  an  early  day. 
He  was  a  stockman  and  served  in  the  Civil  war  for 
four  years  in  the  Second  Virginia  Cavalry.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
Ohio,  her  parents  being  natives  of  the  Keystone  state 
and  pioneers  to  Ohio.  Our  subject  left  the  parental 
roof  when  he  was  fourteen  years  old  and  made  his  way 
to  Tazewell  county,  Illinois,  where  he  worked  on  "a 
ranch  for  five  years.  Then  he  went  to  Van  Buren 
county,  Michigan,  and  dealt  in  horses  until  he  was 
twenty-one  and  also  learned  the  butcher  business. 
Then 'he  went  to  San  Francisco,  thence  to  Roseburg, 
Oregon,  and  bought  stock,  where  he  did  business  for 
five  years.  After  this  he  moved  to  Pendleton,  where 
he  dealt  in  horses  for  two  years.  Then  we  see  him  in 
the  Grande  Ronde  river  valley  in  the  stock  business, 
where  six  successful  years  were  spent.  His  next  move 
was  to  Asotin,  Washington,  where  he  built  a  large  two 
story  brick  business  block  and  a  flouring  mill.  He 
also  raised  sheep  and  for  nineteen  years  he  was  one 
of  the  most  prosperous  men  of  that  section.  He  then 
sold  everything  there  but  his  home,  and  spent  some 
time  in  traveling  to  various  sections.  Finally,  Mr. 
Steel  settled  in  Lewiston  and  bought  business  property 
and  also  the  fine  tract  of  land  spoken  of  above.  It  is 
very  fertile  land  and  produces  abundantly.  Mr.  Steel 
has  fine  buildings  and  his  farm  is  handled  in  a  skill- 
Mr.  Steel  married  in  Asotin,  in  1885,  Miss  Mollie 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


309 


Flynn,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Ruth  (Porter)  Flynn, 
natives  of  Tennessee.  Mrs.  Steel  was  born  near  Knox- 
ville,  Tennessee,  and  has  two  brothers,  Samuel,  in 
Asotin,  and  George,  in  Genesee ;  she  also  has  one  sister 
in  Tennessee.  Mr.  Steel  has  two  brothers  and  one 
sister,  Hough  and  Andrew  Jackson,  both  in  Ohio; 
Abigail  Mann,  in  Kansas.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife,  Charles  E.,  aged  six- 
teen, and  Bonnie,  aged  three.  Mr.  Steel  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr.  Steel  affiliates  with  the 
Redmen  of  Asotin  and  in  political  matters  is  an  in- 
fluential Republican. 

Mr.  Steel  is  a  man  of  integrity  and  substantial 
qualities,  having  had  great  experience  in  the  west  and 
he  is  a  true  pioneer  and  a  supporter  of  progress  and 
improvement. 


WILLIAM  J.  WILSON,  a  farmer  and  stockman 
dwelling  about  two  and  one-half  miles  northeast  from 
Forest,  is  one  of  the  industrious  and  progressive  men 
whose  labors  have  resulted  in  such  excellent  develop- 
ment of  the  reservation  country  and  it  is  fitting  that  a 
review  of  his  career  be  incorporated  here. 

William  J.  Wilson  was  born  in  Sanilac,  Michigan, 
on  February  16,  1868,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  W.  and 
Susana  (Neal)  Wilson.  The  father  was  prominent 
in  county  affairs  in  Sanilac  county  and  there  married 
and  his  wife  died  in  1881.  She  was  a  native  of  Can- 
ada. They  had  the  following  named  children :  Emitv, 
Elonzo,  Cudy,  Jennie,  Albert,  Bogart,  Robert  N.,  in 
addition  to  the  subject  of  this  article.  William  J.  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  he  was  sixteen  and  then  migrated  to 
North  Dakota.  He  continued  there  one  year  and  then 
made  his  way  to  Washington,  where  he  railroaded  and 
farmed  until  1887.  Then  he  went  to  Lewiston  and 
later  came  to  Mason  prairie  and  located  his  present 
place.  It  is  now  well  fenced,  improved  and  returning 
good  dividends  in  crops.  He  has  about  fifteen  head  of 
stock  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  section. 

Mr.  Wilson  married  Miss  Rosa  A.,  daughter  of 
William  and  Margaret  (Stevenson)  Slavens.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Oregon  on  January  21,  1855.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  December  15,  1845, 
was  the  date  of  his  birth.  Six  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson,  Geneva  B.,  Bay  N.,  Gladys, 
Lester,  Ecla,  Marvin.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  Republican 
and  actively  interested  in  political  matters.  He  has 
been  school  trustee  for  eight  years  and  is  an  ardent 
advocate  of  good  educational  facilities  and  does  all  in 
his  power  to  obtain  this  good  end.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A. 


BRYANT  M.  CREWS,  one  of  the  stockmen  and 
pioneers  of  the  Mason  prairie  country,  is  deserving 
of  mention  in  the  work  which  chronicles  the  history  of 
Nez  Perces  county,  and  with  pleasure  we  grant  him 
such.  He  was  born  in  Montgomery,  Virginia,  on 
April  n,  1857,  being  directly  descended  from  the 
early  settlers  of  the  new  continent,  as  his  great-grand- 


father came  hither  in  the  Mayflower.  The  parents  of 
our  subject,  James  P.  and  Mary  I.  (Gardner)  Crews, 
were  natives  of  Appomattox  and  Campbell  counties, 
Virginia,  respectively.  The  father  was  born  April  22, 
1832,  and  died  in  1882.  He  was  quartermaster  during 
the  Civil  war  and  left  Virginia  in  1869,  being  a  pioneer 
in  Phelps  county,  Missouri.  Besides  the  subject  of 
this  article,  they  had  the  following  named  children: 
Emma  E.,  Elonzar  P.,  Emma  J.,  Rosa,  James  H.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  twenty.  He  went  to 
Nebraska  in  1886,  commuted  on  a  homestead  and 
sold  and  came  to  Coos  county,  Oregon,  in  1888.  He 
bought  land  there  and  farmed  three  years  and  then 
came  to  Cowlitz  county,  Washington.  One  year  was 
spent  in  railroading  there  and  he  made  his  way  then  to 
southern  Idaho  and  two  years  later  we  see  him  in 
Whitman  county.  Later  he  was  in  the  big  bend  coun- 
try handling  a'band  of  cattle  but  returned  again  to 
Whitman  count}-,  whence  he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county 
and  took  his  present  place,  about  six  miles  west  from 
Forest.  He  has  a  meadow  of  fifty  acres  and  has  im- 
proved the  place  with  buildings  necessary  and  other 
accessories.  Mr.  Crews  has  thirty  head  of  cattle  and 
is  doing  excellent  work  in  handling  his  stock. 

Mr.  Crews  married  Miss  Delilah,  daughter  of  Jesse 
and  Eliza  Shepard.  Mrs.  Crews  was  born  January 
16,  1859,  in  Wells  county,  Indiana.  Seven  children 
have  been  born  to  Air.  and  Mrs.  Crews,  Wallia,  A.  Mac- 
Intyre,  Leroy,  Ethel,  Dollie  Ann,  Thomas  A.,  Myrtle 
L.,  and  Alberta.  Mr.  Crews  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.  and  in  political  alliances  he  is  associated  with 
the  Democrats.  He  is  highly  esteemed  among  those 
who  know  him  and  is  a  substantial  and  good  man. 


JOSEPH  ZIVER.  A  patriotic  and  loyal  citizen, 
an  upright  and  capable  man,  a  true  disciple  of  busi- 
ness and  respected  by  all,  such  is  the  esteemed  gentle- 
man whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article  and  it 
is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  incorporate  an 
epitome  of  his  career. 

Joseph  Ziver  was  born  in  Bohemia,  on  November 
13,  1858,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Francisca  (Mar- 
lick)  Ziver,  natives  of  Bohemia,  where  they  now  live, 
prominent  and  wealthy  people.  Our  subject  attended 
school  from  five  to  eleven  in  Bohemia  and  one  year  in 
Germany.  When  twenty,  he  went  to  Saxony  and  when 
twenty-eight  he  left  the  old  country  and  journeyed  to 
America.  Soon  he  was  in  Philadelphia,  thence  he 
went  to  Chicago  and  six  months  later  was  in  North 
Dakota.  It  was  1888,  when  he  came  to  Helena,  Mon- 
tana, and  afterward  spent  some  time  in  Wallace, 
'Idaho.  The  next  we  see  of  Mr.  Ziver  was  in  Tacoma, 
where  he  spent  three  years.  From  this  place  he  re- 
paired to  the  Palouse  country  and  also  later  settled  in 
Lewiston,  taking  up  the  butcher  business.  Dissolv- 
ing with  his  partner  there  he  came  to  Spalding  and 
soon  secured  the  contract  of  supplying  the  Indian 
school  with  beef,  which  he  has  handled  since.  Mr. 
Ziver  supplies  fifty  thousand  pounds  of  beef  annually 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  this  institution  and  also  has  an  extensive  trade  be- 
sides this.  He  handles  a  shop  in  Culdesac  and  is  a 
thorough  business  man. 

Mr.  Ziver  is  the  only  one  of  his  family  who  has 
come  to  the  United  States,  but  he  is  an  enthusiastic 
supporter  of  our  free  institutions  and  is  a  true  Ameri- 
can citizen.  In  politics,  he  is  a  Democrat  but  still  he 
reserves  for  himself  the  liberty  to  choose  the  man 
whose  principles  he  will  uphold.  Mr.  Ziver  has  one 
brother,  Frank,  in  the  old  country.  Our  subject  is  a 
member  of  the  Maccabees  and  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  both  in 
Culdesac.  He  was  raised  in  the  Catholic  faith.  He 
has  a  fine  ranch  in  addition  to  his  business  and  raises 
stock  and  hay.  Mr.  Ziver  is  a  warm  supporter  of  the 
dignity  and  greatness  of  this  country  and  is  firm  in  the 
belief  that  is  dear  to  every  true  American,  that  the 
United  States  is  the  greatest  country  on  the  earth  to- 
day. 


CHARLES  E.  FERRY.  The  enterprising  young 
business  man,  of  whom  we  now  speak,  is  not  only  do- 
ing a  good  business  in  the  drug  store  that  he  owns  in 
Peck  but  also  derives  a  welcome  income  from  the  farm 
that  he  took  as  a  homestead  from  the  wilds  of  the  res- 
ervation. Mr.  Ferry  is  a  self-made  man,  largely,  and 
has  passed  that  school  of  experience  in  the  things  of 
this  world  that  fits  him  for  a  successful  career,  which 
is  his  lot  at  this  time. 

Charles  E.  Ferry  was  born' in  Missouri,  on  August 
28,  1878,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and  Ellen  D. 
(Stiles)  Ferry.  Our  subject  never  saw  his  father  after 
he  was  one  and  one-half  years  of  age.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Wisconsin  and  died  in  1880,  Charles  being  an 
infant.  He  was  then  taken  by  his  grandparents  Stiles, 
who  lived  in  Kansas.  Thence  they  went  to  New  Mexi- 
co, then  to  Denver,  next  to  Boise,  from  there  to  Weiser, 
and  finally  to  Moscow,  where  they  settled,  the  grand- 
father taking  up  farming.  When  Charles  was  thir- 
teen the  grandfather  went  to  Milton,  Oregon,  but  our 
subject  remained  with  an  uncle,  Mr.  Stiles,  and  when 
he  arrived  at  the  age  of  fifteen  went  to  do  for  himself. 
He  had  gained  his  education  from  the  common  schools, 
in  the  various  places  where  he  had  resided,  and  worked 
faithfully  until  the  reservation  opened,  then  he  took  a 
farm,  upon  which  he  made  final  proof  in  April,  1902. 
Then  Mr.  Ferry,  having  learned  the  druggist's  art, 
bought  a  stock  of  drugs  and  opened  a  store  in  Pecic, 
where  he  is  operating  at  the  present  time. 

In  December,  1896,  Mr.  Ferry  married  Miss  Ona, 
daughter  of  Alexander  A.  and  Cordelia  (Williams) 
Anderson,  the  father  a  native  of  Kentucky  and  now  a 
large  farmer  in  Latah  county.  Mrs.  Ferry  was  born 
in  Latah  county,  in  1879,  and  has  two  brothers,  Frank- 
lin J.  and  Martin  A.  Mr.  Ferry  has  two  sisters,  Lill- 
ian Humstock  and  Anna  B.  Riggs.  The  following 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ferry,  Milo 
G.,  Lottie  M.,  and  Velva.  Mr.  Ferry  affiliates  with 
the  W.  W.  at  Melrose,  while  in  political  matters,  he 
is  a  Republican,  being  active  in  the  caucuses  and  con- 
ventions. His  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war. 
Mr.  Ferry  has  conducted  his  business  enterprise  in  a 


commendable  manner,  and  has  manifested  true  wisdom 
and  thrift.  His  farm  is  well  provided  with  building,*, 
consists  of  eighty  acres,  and  among  other  good  im- 
provements has  a  fine  orchard. 


JOSEPH  RAWNSLEY.  A  prosperous  and  pro- 
gressive farmer  and  a  man  of  integrity  and  uprightness 
and  one  of  the  real  builders  of  the  reservation  country, 
it  is  fitting  that  he  be  accorded  representation  in  this 
volume  which  recounts  the  history  of  this  interesting 

Joseph  Rawnsley  was  born  in  Morgan  county,  In- 
diana, on  September  5,  1844,  being  the  son  of  James 
and  Margaret  (McPherson)  Rawnsley,  natives  of 
North  Carolina.  At  the  age  of  four  he  came  with  his 
parents  to  Keokuk  county,  Iowa,  and  thence  they  re- 
moved to  Hardin  county,  the  same  state.  There  the 
father  died  in  1859.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood 
there  and  received  his  education,  remaining  with  his 
mother  until  the  date  of  his  marriage.  This  import- 
ant event  occurred  on  February  6,  1870,  and  Laura 
T.,  born  April  18,  1854,  daughter  of  Carver  and  Lu- 
cinda  (Rubottom)  Benbonw,  natives  of  iNlorth  Caro- 
lina, was  the  excellent  lady  that  became  his  bride.  The 
following  children  have  been  the  fruit  of  this  union: 
Florence  M.,  wife  of  Henry  Krounse,  of  Pomeroy, 
Washington;  Nora,  wife  of 'George  Montgomery,  of 
Pomeroy;  Wilbur  J.,  married  to  Nellie  Miller  of  Nez- 
perce ;  Margaret,  Ada  C.,  and  Iris  L.,  who  is  deceased. 
Mrs.  Rawnsley's  parents  removed  from  their  native 
state  to  Indianapolis  and  in  1854  they  landed  in  Har- 
din county,  Iowa.  In  1875  our  subject  and  his  family 
came  to  San  Francisco,  thence  by  ship  to  Portland  and 
in  the  vicinity  of  Vancouver  he  bought  land  and  there 
followed  farming  for  five  years.  Then  came  a  move 
to  the  vicinity  of  Pomeroy,  Washington,  where  he  en- 
tered a  pre-emption  which  was  the  family  home  until 
the  opening  of  the  reservation.  He  was  here  on  the 
eighteenth  day  of  November,  1895,  the  date  of  opening, 
and  he  selected  his  present  fine  place,  about  six  miles 
southwest  from  Nezperce.  His  family  was  brought 
the  following  spring  and  were  among  the  very  first 
ones  here.  He  now  has  a  house,  barn,  orchard,  plenty 
of  berries,  all  varieties  of  fruits,  and  many  other  im- 
provements, which,  added  to  the  real  value  of  his  'land, 
make  his  estate  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  this  vicin- 
ity. All  this  has  been  wrought  out  by  the  wise  labor 
of  Mr.  Rawnsley  and  speaks  well  of  his  energy  and 
wisdom. 


JOHN  B.  SIMMONS.  The  old  proverb,  "He 
that  becometh  surety  for  a  stranger  shall  smart  for  it," 
was  exemplified  to  the  sad  experience  of  our  subject, 
for  from  a  comfortable  and  good  place  he  was  reduced 
to  almost  penury  by  having  to  pay  a  debt  for  which  he 
had  become  surety.  Mr.  Simmons  was  thus  forced  to 
begin  life  on  the  reservation,  with  a  family  to  support 
and  nothing  but  the  wild  sod  to  gain  a  living  from, 
and  handicapped  because  of  lack  of  capital  to  improve 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  farm.  He  has  done  well  and  the  land  which  he 
filed  on  in  the  fall  of  1895  and  upon  which  he  removed 
his  family  in  1896,  is  now  one  of  the  fertile  and  well 
developed  farms  of  the  vicinity  of  Ilo,  being  one  mile 
south  and  one  east. 

Mr.  Simmons  was  born  in  Warren  county,  Iowa, 
on  November  18,  1857,  being  the  son  of  William  C. 
and  Mary  B.  (Allen)  Simmons,  who  are  mentioned 
elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Our  subject  grew  to  man- 
hood in  Iowa  and  gained  his  education  there.  When 
twenty-one  he  went  to  farming  for  himself  and  soon 
bought  a  farm,  which  he  tilled  until  1884,  when  he 
came  west  to  the  vicinity  of  Genesee,  where  he  settled 
and  bought  a  farm.  This  continued  to  be  the  fam- 
ily home  until  he  removed  onto  the  reservation  as 
stated  above.  He  is  now  a  prosperous  farmer,  has 
two  acres  of  orchard  and  handles  considerable  stock. 

On  October  16,  1878,  in  Harrison  county,  Iowa, 
Mr.  Simmons  married  Miss  Matilda  J.,  daughter  of 
Jeremiah  and  Melinda  (McGuire)  Whitt,  who  are 
mentioned  in  this  volume  elsewhere.  Mrs.  Simmons' 
brothers  and  sisters  are  also  mentioned  in  the  volume 
as  are  the  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mr.  Simmons.  Five 
children  have  been  born  to  bless  this  marriage:  Jettie 
M.  Trueblood,  Myrtle  A.  Nichols,  both  in  this  county; 
Bird,  Murt  Merf  and  Pearl,  twins,  all  at  home.  Mr. 
Simmons  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Ilo  and  has 
been  a  school  director  for  some  time,  but  has  preferred 
of  late  that  another  should  take  the  office.  He  has 
labored  and  does  continuously  strive  for  the  advance- 
ment and  upbuilding  of  the  country  and  especially  for 
the  betterment  of  educational  facilities.  Mr.  Simmons 
is  a  staunch  Democrat  and  has  the  courage  and  intelli- 
gence to  expound  the  principles  of  his  party. 

He  and  his  son-in-law,  John  Nichols,  have  built  a 
livery  and  feed  barn  in  Ilo,  where  Mr.  Simmons  has 
recently  moved. 


HON.  CLAY  M.  STEARNS.  The  prosperous, 
genial,  pleasant  and  popular  business  man,  named 
above,  is  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Stearns  & 
Thomas,  of  Nezperce,  which  does  not  only  a  good  law 
business  but  also  handles  a  great  deal  of  insurance  and 
does  a  loaning  business. 

Clay  M.  Stearns  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  on 
July  29,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Josiah  H.  and  Sarah 
(Russell)  Stearns.  The  father  was  born  in  Maine, 
in  1832,  and  now  lives  in  Lovell,  Maine,  and  is  a 
farmer.  His  first  ancestor  that  came  to  this  country  came 
with  the  Puritans  and  settled  in  Watertown,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1680,  and  the  family  has  been  a  prominent 
New  England  house  since  that  time.  Our  subject's 
father  was  a  captain  in  the  Twenty-third  Maine,  Com- 
pany H,  and  served  in  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  for  fifteen  months.  The  paternal  grand- 
father was  a  lieutenant  in  a  Massachusetts  regiment  in 
the  war  of  1812  and  later  was  commissioned  general; 
the  great-grandfather  was  prominent  in  the  Revolu- 
tion. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of 
Maine  and  a  great-granddaughter  of  Benjamin  Rus- 
sell, the  founder  of  the  Columbia  Sentinel,  a  noted 


Whig  organ  of  influence.  Louis  Phillip,  the  exile 
from  France,  was  a  guest  of  Mr.  Russell  for  a  long 
time  and  at  the  time  of  the  restoration,  he  was  offered 
a  patent  of  nobility  but  refused  it.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  Fryburg  and  Bridgeton  Academies 
and  the  Bowdoin  College.  Daniel  Webster  taught 
at  the  Fryburg  institution  in  1800.  Following  his 
college  course,  Mr.  Stearns  taught  school,  was  county 
superintendent  in  Oxford  county,  and  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  in  1884,  being  the  youngest  member 
in  the  house,  aged  twenty-six.  In  1885  he  came  to 
Walla  Walla  and  from  May  of  that  year  until  January 
of  1887,  he  was  in  the  law"  office  of  Allen,  Thompson 
&  Crowley,.  then  he  practiced  in  Farmington,  Washing- 
ton, and  three  years  later  he  returned  to  Walla  Walla. 
After  some  time  there  he  went  to  Pullman  and  prac- 
ticed until  1897,  when  he  stationed  his  family  in  Spo- 
kane and  followed  mining  in  various  places  in  the 
northwest.  It  was  1901  that  Mr.  Stearns  came  to 
Nezperce  and  established  himself  in  his  present  busi- 
ness, taking  as  partner  Charles  D.  Thomas.  Mr. 
Stearns  has  considerable  city  property  and  is  doing 
a  good  business.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters :  Henry,  a  physician  in  Dunbarton,  Xevv  Hamp- 
shire ;  Leslie  L.,  at  "Great  Barrington,  Massachusetts, 
handling  a  boot  and  shoe  business;  Adelbert,  on  the 
old  homestead  in  Maine  with  parents;  Sargeant  S., 
in  the  government  service  in  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Mar- 
iam,  wife  of  Willis  Walker,  in  Lovell,  Maine,  a  heavy 
property  owner  there.  Mr.  Stearns  is  a  member  of 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Walla  Walla  Lodge,  No.  7;  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Pullman  Lodge,  No.  29;  K.  of  P.,  Wash- 
ington Lodge,  No.  32,  at  Lovell,  Maine;  M.  W.  A., 
Nezperce  Camp,  No.  7498;  Yeoman  of  America,  at 
Nezperce,  being  foreman  of  this  last  order;  and  is 
also  a  Knight  of  the  Palm  and  Shell. 

On  September  17,  1887,  Mr.  Stearns  married  Miss 
Etta  E.,  daughter  of  Leonard  and  Hannah  (Preston) 
Ladd,  and  a  native  of  .Minnesota,  born  on  July  7,  1862, 
at  Elgin.  The  father  died  when  this  daughter  was 
young  and  her  mother  lives  at  Walla  Walla.  Airs. 
Stearns  has  two  brothers  and  three  sisters :  George,  a 
farmer  in  Umatilla  county,  Oregon ;  Edward,  in  The 
Dalles  machine  shops ;  Florence,  single,  living  in  Walla 
Walla ;  Jennie,  widow  of  Millard  Roff,  in  Walla'  Wal- 
la ;  Nellie,  widow  of  John  Delaney  at  Spokane.  Her 
husband  was  killed  in  the  Philippine  war.  .Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Stearns  have  one  child,  Gladys,  born  March  20, 


GEORGE  W.  S.  WHITE,  a  prosperous  and  sub- 
stantial farmer  residing  about  three  miles  southeast 
from  Ilo,  where  he  has  a  fine  farm,  well  improved, 

1857,  being  the  son  of  Enoch  and  Frances  (Nixon) 
White.  The  father  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1819.  and 
died  in  1862,  being  killed  at  Chattanooga.  His  father 
was  a  pioneer  in  Tennessee  and  was  known  as  L'ncle 
Robert  White,  the  pioneer.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Georgia,  in  1X21.  ami  died  in  Septem- 
ber, 1900,  aged  seventy-nine.  When  George  was  five 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  went  with  his  mother  to  Jasper  county,  Iowa,  where 
her  parents  lived.  Four  years  later  she  moved  to 
Cherokee,  Kansas,  and  thence  in  three  years  to  Benton 
county,  Arkansas.  In  1874  she  crossed  the  plains 
with  teams  and  settled  in  Union  county,  Oregon.  She 
had  married  Myrock  Huntley  in  Kansas.  Our  sub- 
ject remained  with  his  step- father  until  fourteen  and 
then  started  for  himself.  He  worked  out  in  the  Grande 
Ronde  valley  for  seven  years  and  then  came  to  Boise, 
in  1 88 1.  Two  years  in  the  mines  and  then  two  and  a 
half  on  a  farm,  and  then  again  to  the  Grande  Ronde 
valley,  whence  he  came  to  Sprague,  Washington.  He 
went  thence  to  North  Yakima  and  railroaded  for  a 
time  and  then  operated  a  saw  mill  which  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  when  he  returned  to  Davenport  and  Sprague. 
Next  he  went  to  Pullman  for  four  years  and  then  did 
contract  work  in  Spokane,  after  which  he  moved  to 
Uniontown  and  resided  for  three  years.  After  this, 
Mr.  White  went  to  Camas  prairie  and  when  the  res- 
ervation opened  up  he  took  his  present  place,  upon 
which  he  moved  his  family  in  the  spring  of  1896.  This 
has  been  his  home  since  and  is  a  good  farm,  well 
handled  and  supports  considerable  stock. 

On  June  18,  1890,  in  Spokane,  Mr.  White  married 
Miss  Hannah,  daughter  of  Jeremiah  and  Melinda 
(McGuire)  Whitt.  The  father,  a  farmer  and  stock- 
man, was  born  in  Virginia  and  died  from  measles  in 
the  Civil  war  in  1864.  He  had  been  a  pioneer  in  Har- 
rison county,  Missouri.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  White 
was  born  in  Tazewell  county,  Virginia,  and  died  in 
1866.  Mrs.  White  was  born  "in  Harrison  county,  Mis- 
souri, in  1863,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters:  Frank,  Narsissis  Hensley,  Napoleon,  Mattie 
Woods,  Ellen  Crow  and  Jennie  Simmons.  Mr.  White 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Robert  and 
John  R.,  in  Spokane ;  Rebecca  J.  McNall,  in  Sprague. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  White, 
Archie  L.  and  Hazel  V.,  at  home.  Mr.  White  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Church  of  Christ  in  Ilo  and 
he  holds  the  office  of  deacon.  He  is  a  man  of  integrity 
and  reliability  and  is  secure  in  the  esteem  and  conli- 
dence  of  the  people. 


JOHN  H.  POWELL,  M.  D.  This  well  known 
professional  gentleman  is  one  of  the  practicing  phy- 
sicians who  have  won  a  fine  success  in  the  reservation 
portion  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  is  a  man  of  good 
standing  and  has  made  a  commendable  record  in  his 
profession.  In  addition  to  this.  Dr.  Powell  has  the 
distinction  of-  being  one  of  the  brave  boys  who  wore 

were  forced  to  retire,  beaten  from  the  field.  A  de- 
tailed account  of  his  career  is  justly  entitled  to  place 
in  history. 

John  H.  Powell  was  born  in  Logan  county,  Ohio, 
on  July  12,  1840,  being  the  son  of  James  R.  and  Anna 
(Wise)  Powell.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Delaware 
and  his  father  was  owner  and  captain  of  a  coasting 
schooner  on  the  Atlantic.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was  married  in  Ohio, 
and  died  in  1852.  The  family  came  to  Union  county, 


Illinois,  in  an  early  day  and  there  our  subject  was 
reared  and  educated.  When  twenty-one,  he  enlisted 
in  the  Thirty-first  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  under 
Captain  Batson  and  General  Logan.  He  served  three 
years  and  two  months  and  saw  much  hard  fighting. 
His  first  battle  was  at  Belmont,  then  he  fought  at 
Forts  Henry  and  Donelson  and  at  Corinth  and  Shiloh, 
then  through  all  the  struggle  at  Vicksburg,  at  Point 
Gibson,  Raining,  Champion  Hill,  then  at  Atlanta,  when 
McPherson  was  killed.  This  last  day  was  one  never 
to  be  forgotten.  Part  of  his  company  was 
captured.  He  was  ordered  to  stop,  but  ran 
and  amid  a  perfect  hail  of  bullets  he  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  to  an  Iowa  regiment,  where 
he  was  safe.  The  Doctor  says  the  first  bayonet 
charge  he  was  in  was  the  most"  awful  experience  of 
the  entire  war.  It  is  beyond  description  of  words  to 
picture  the  horror  and  carnage.  Following  the  war, 
our  subject  returned  to  the  Illinois  home,  soon  married 
and  went  to  Kansas,  where  he  engaged  in  transporta- 
tion business.  Thence  he  went  to  Newton  county, 
Missouri,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business. 
About  this  time  the  Doctor  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine,  which  continued  constantly  until  he'  re- 
ceived his  diploma  in  the  Physio-Medical  College  of 
Indianapolis.  There  also  he  took  an  extended  course 
in  obstetrics  and  he  has  become  very  skillful  in  this 
practice.  The  Doctor  also  did  mercantile  business  in 
Medical  Lake,  Washington,  while  he  was  pursuing 
the  study  of  medicine  and  he  owns  property  there  now. 
He  practiced  one  year  in  Lincoln  county,  in  that  state, 
then  four  years  in  Juliaetta,  and  in  1897,  he  located  at 
Nezperce  and  since  that  time  he  has  enjoyed  a  good 
practice.  The  Doctor  has  caused  to  be  erected  a  fifteen 
room  sanitarium  which  will  be  a  great  and  needed  ad- 
dition to  the  town  and  it  is  fitted  with  every  conven- 
ience for  the  care  of  the  sick  and  will  be  entirely  open 
to  any  physician.  In  addition  to  his  practice,  the 
Doctor  has  taken  up  a  homestead  and  has  improved  it 
with  good  house  and  orchard  and  so  forth. 

In  1865  occurred  the  marriage  of  J.  H.  Powell  and 
Martha  A.  Jolley.  Her  parents,  John  and  Lucinda 
Jolly,  were  natives  of  the  state  of  Tennessee;  the 
father  was  a  blacksmith  and  a  Methodist  preacher. 
Doctor  Powell  has  one  brother,  a  farmer  in  Illinois, 
while  Mrs.  Powell  has  two  sisters,  Jennie,  wife  of 
Walter  H.  Wiscomb,  city  treasurer  of  Spokane  a 
number  of  terms ;  Mary,  wife  of  W.  C.  Johnson,  a  car- 
penter in  Seattle.  To  Dr.  Powell  and  his  faithful  wife 
there  have  been  born  six  children,  Elizabeth  J.,  wife 
of  G.  G.  Muller,  proprietor  of  the  leading  hotel  at 
Sunnyside,  Washington;  Ella,  single  with  parents; 

eimes  Wesley,  in  Portland,   Oregon,  three  deceased, 
r.  Powell  is'a  member  of  the  German  Baptist  church 
while  his  wife  and  two  daughters  belong  to  the  Metho- 
dist.    Politically,  he  is  affiliated  with  the  Republicans. 


ROBERT  SMITH.  At  the  present  time,  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  prosperous  dairyman,  located  three  miles 
east  from  Lewiston,  and  he  is  well  known  for  his  thrift, 


JOHN  H.  POWELL,  M.  D. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


energy  and  integrity  and  stands  well  among  the  people 
of  the  community.  He  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  October  8,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Hiram  and 
Sarah  J.  (Simons)  Smith.  The  father  was  a  farmer, 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1820,  and  died  in  1875.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois,  on  No- 
vember n,  1836,  and  died  August  15,  1893.  Robert 
was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  neighborhood  and 
was  a  diligent  lad  on  the  farm.  In  1884,  aged  eighteen, 
he  came  to  the  west.  He  landed  in  Waashington,  then 
went  to  Lewiston,  where  he  worked  for  a  couple  of 
years,  and  then  returned  to  Illinois.  There  he  went 
to  farming  and  raising  hogs,  at  which  he  did  well,  and 
then  suffered  the  misfortune  to  see  his  all  swept  away 
by  the  hog  cholera.  Being  discouraged  with  that  labor 
he  came  again  to  the  west,  this  time  settling  near  Pull- 
man and  taking  charge  of  a  large  farm  for  Dr.  Webb. 
Two  years  were  spent  here  and  Mr.  Smith  returned 
to  Illinois.  Four  years  were  spent  there  and  then  he 
came  west  for  good,  setling  at  his  present  place.  He 
paid  attention  to  dairying,  gardening,  and  fruit 'raising, 
and  did  well,  but  now  he  is  confining  himself  to  dairy- 
ing alone  and  is  making  a  good  success. 

On  January  8,  1889,  in  Illinois,  Mr.  Smith  mar- 
ried Miss  Carrie,  daughter  of  William  and  Susan 
Uppinghouse.  The  father  served  in  the  Civil  war  and 
is  now  a  farmer.  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in  New  Can- 
ton, Illinois,  in  1869  and  has  brothers  and  sisters  as 
follows:  Charles,  James,  Nellie,  Logan,  Eva,  Arthur 
and  Nina.  Mr.  Smith  has  brothers  and  sisters  named  be- 
low :  Seldon,  Hiram  R.,  Hilbert.  and  Ella  Eakins,  and 
his  half  brothers  are  named  also  George  A.,  Wesley  Ak- 
ers.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  there  have  been  born 
three  children,  Opal,  Paul,  Grace.  Mr.  Smith  affiliates 
with  the  W.  of  W.  and  M.  W.  A.  He  is  a  Republi- 
can but  is  not  bound  by  party  lines  so  that  he  uses  his 
judgment  for  men  and  principles. 


JOSEPH  E.  SHAFFER.  About  three  miles  east 
from  Melrose  is  situated  the  estate  of  our  subject, 

a  first-class  farmer,  while  it  is  improved  with  excellent 
barns,  outbuildings,  and  residence,  with  orchard.  Mr. 
Shaffer  is  a  man  of  industry  and  thrift  and  is  well  es- 
teemed by  all  in  the  community. 

Joseph  E.  Shaffer  was  born  near  Ragersville,  Ohio, 
on  April  2,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Susan 
(Cullar)  Shaffer.  The  father  was  born  in  Fayette 
county,  Pennsylvania,  on  June  10,  1806,  was  a  pioneer 
to  Ohio  in  1831  and  died  in  1889.  He  was  a  farmer 
and  boat  builder.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  the  same  county  and  state,  in  1816  and  died  in 
1880.  Joseph  grew  to  manhood  in  Ohio  and  was  edu- 
cated there.  In  1872,  the  family  went  to  Portage 
county  and  when  this  son  was  of  age,  he  spent  some 
time  in  traveling  to  various  portions  of  the  country. 
Then  he  rented  the  old  homestead  and  worked  it  for 
a  time,  after  which  he  sold  and  same  to  Portland,  Ore- 
gon. Later  he  was  in  Jacksonville,  the  same  state,  and 
then  returned  to  Portage  county,  Ohio.  In  the  fall 


of  1891,  he  came  to  Latah  county  and  farmed  in  the 
Cove  until  1896,  when  he  repaired  to  the  reservation 
and  took  up  his  present  place. 

On  July  24,  1881,  in  Sharon,  Pennsylvania,  Mr. 
Shaffer  married  Miss  Love,  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Catherine  (Jones)  McFee.  The  father  was  a  farmer, 
born  in  Ohio  as  was  also  his  wife,  and  he  served  in 
the  Civil  war  under  General  Marshall.  Mrs.  Shaffer 
was  born  in  Guernsey  county,  Ohio,  in  1863,  and  has 
live  brothers,  John,  William,  Oscar,  Frank,  and  Mar- 
shall. Mr.  Shaffer  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  Selinda  Shannon,  Jane  Durkee,  Lydia  Thomp- 
son, Melissa  Norris,  Mary  Scott.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Shaffer  there  have  been  born  three  children,  Clyde  M., 
born  in  Ohio  on  April  16,  1882;  William  J.,  born  in 
Portland,  Oregon,  on  December  18,  1883;  Guy  O., 
born  in  Nez  Perces  county  on  May  I,  1897.  Mr.  Shaf- 
fer is  a  Republican  and  a  first-class  citizen. 


WILLIAM  F.  SHAWLEY,  M.  D.  Well  known 
in  Nez  Perces  and  Idaho  counties  as  a  man  of  honor, 
uprightness  and  ability,  as  well  as  a  man  of  extensive 
experience  in  the  medical  world  and  excellent  skill, 
trie  subject  of  this  article  is  justly  ranked  with  the 
leading  men  of.  the  section.  On  account  of  a  serious 
accident  that  crippled  the  Doctor  for  life,  we  now  find 
him  taking  up  other  business  lines  that  demand  less 
activity  and  are  not  so  trying  as  extended  practice  of 
medicine.  »j 

William  F.  Shawley  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county,  Kentucky,  on  December  10,  1851,  being  the  son 
of  John  B.  and  Catherine  A.  E.  (Gray)  Shawley. 
The  father  was  born  on  the  same  farm  as  our  subject, 
while  the  grandfather  of  William  F.  was  a  native  of 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  the  great-grandfather  was  an 
immigrant  from  Saxony.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  a  native  of  Montgomery  county  also  and  her 
father  was  born  in  Ireland,  while  her  mother  was  of 
German  descent.  William  F.  was  taken  to  Missouri 
in  1853  with  the  family  and  reared  and  educated  there. 
Later  he  completed  his  education  in  the  Normal  at 
Troy,  Iowa.  In  the  Keokuk  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Mr.  Shawley  entered  with  a  determination 
to  delve  thoroughly  into  medical  lore.  In  1882  he 
graduated  with  honors  from  that  institution  and  then 
practiced  six  years  in  Aetna,  Missouri,  two  years  in 
Milton,  Iowa,'  six  years  in  Taylor,  Nebraska,  eight 
years  in  Idaho  and  then  in  October.  1898,  he  met  with 
the  sad  accident  above  mentioned.  The  following  year 
Dr.  Shawley  came  to  Nezperce,  bought  business 
and  residence  property,  erected  a  hotel  which  he  rents 
and  is  now  retired  from  the  activities  of  business.  He 
has  three  living  brothers :  Hezekiah,  a  farmer  in  Okla- 
homa ;  John  D.,  in  Missouri :  George  W.,  land  owner 
and  dentist  in  Kansas  City;  he  also  has  three  sisters, 
Lucy  G.,  wife  of  Richard  Morton,  in  Missouri,  who 
served  in  the  Confederate  army  as  lieutenant  under 
Morgan :  Henrietta,  wife  of  N.  D.  Hoover,  a  farmer  in 
Oklahoma,  who  served  as  a  private  under  Stonewall 
Jackson:  Sophronia  J.,  wife  of  John  Marlow,  a  man 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


standing  six  feet,  ten  inches  in  his  stocking  feet,  and  as 
prominent  in  politics,  business  and  social  circles  in 
Scotland  county,  Missouri,  as  he  is  large  physically. 
Dr.  Shawley  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Mount 
Idaho  Lodge,  No.  9,  at  Grangeville. 

In  Memphis,  Missouri.  Dr.  Shawley  married  Miss 
Mary  A.,  daughter  of  James  A.  'and  Angeline 
(Roole)  Savers.  She  was  born  in  Illinois  in 
1853  and  died  December  7,  1887,  leaving  two  chil- 
dren, Inez  L.,  wife  of  Charles  Pomeroy,  in  Nezperce; 
John  G.,  with  his  father.  Dr.  Shawley  contracted  a 
second  marriage,  the  date  was  January  9,  1889,  and  the 
lady  Hulda  A.  Langrish,  and  a  native  of  Saxony.  Her 
parents,  Christian  and  Minnie  C.  (Carter)  Langrish, 
brought  her  to  this  county  when  she  was  fourteen  and 
they  lived  in  Nebraska  and  Kansas.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  this  union:  Cora  D..  aged  twelve:  Mary 
D.,  aged  ten;  William  G.,  aged  seven;  Charles  F., 
aged  three.  Mrs.  Shawley  has  two  sisters,  Minnie 
C.,  widow  of  Bartholomew  O'Rourke,  in  Oklahoma; 
Ida,  wife  of  Frank  C.  Smith,  also  in  Oklahoma. 


LEWIS  A.  SIMMONS  was  born  in  Warren  coun- 
ty, Iowa,  on  October  16,  1849,  being  the  son  of  Will- 
iam C.  and  Mary  B.  (Allen)  Simmons,  natives  of 
Indiana  and  Kentucky,  respectively.  They  are  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Our  subject  grew 
to  manhood  in  Iowa  and  there  received  his  education. 
He  labored  with  his  father  until  he  was  twenty-eight 
and  then  began  to  do  for  himself.  He  bought  a  farm  in 
his  native  place  and  wrought  there  until  1884,  when 
he  journeyed  westward  to  Oregon,  whence  he  moved 
to  Washington,  and  then  to  Latah  county,  near  Gen- 
esee,  where  he  rented  land.  Later  Mr.  Simmons 
bought  a  farm  and  in  the  fall  of  1895  he  came  to  the 
reservation  and  took  land  for  himself.  His  place  is 
situated  about  three  miles  southeast  from  Ho,  and  the 
winter  following  his  filing,  he  removed  the  family 
there.  This  has  been  the  family  home  since  and  Mr. 
Simmons  has  displayed  both  wisdom  and  industry  in 
handling  his  estate.  He  has  a  large  number  of  im- 
provements and  raises  grain  for  the  market.  Novem- 
ber 18,  1895,  was  the  date  of  taking  this  claim. 

On  February  24,  1876,  Mr.  Simmons  married  Miss 
Charity,  daughter  of  James  E.  and  Rebecca  (Nice) 
Smith,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Indiana  and  were  born  in 
July,  1814,  and  November,  1814,  and  died  in  1893  and 
1865,  respectively.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  pioneer  of  Indi- 
ana and  his  parents  were  of  Kentucky.  Mrs.  Smith's 
parents  were  pioneers  of  Indiana  and  her  grandfather, 
William  Nice,  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  Mrs. 
Simmons  was  born  in  Carroll  county,  Indiana,  on  No- 
vember 9,  1852,  and  has  three  brothers,  John  W., 
Erastus  J.,  and  Isaac  N.  Mr.  Simmons  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters :  Elizabeth,  James 
C.,  and  Deborah,  all  deceased  ;  Mehalia,  Tohn  B.,  Sam- 
uel J.,  Lucinda  R.,  and  William  T.  Eight  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Simmons :  Etha,  Me- 
genity,  William  O.,  Alta  M..  Samuel  [..  deceased.  Lot- 
tie E.",  Gustave,  Isaac  A.  Mrs.  Simmons  is  a  member 


of  the  Primitive  Baptist  church.  Mr.  Simmons  is  a 
member  of  the  school  board  and  has  always  been  active 
in  labors  for  good  schools.  Mr.  Simmons  is  a  man  of 
exceptional  qualifications  for  getting  along  peaceably 
in  this  world,  having  never  been  sued  and  never  has 
he  resorted  to  the  law  in  any  case.  He  is  respected 
by  all  who  know  him  and  is  a  good,  substantial  citi- 


CHARLES  E.  WILLIAMS.  This  noted  front- 
iersman is  now  a  resident  of  Spalding,  and  to  give  a 
full  account  of  the  thrilling  adventures,  the  weary  and 
trying  journeys,  the  terrible  hardships,  the  difficult 
explorations  of  many  years  on  the  very  outposts  of 
the  frontiers  and  in  the  almost  impenetrable  wilds 
would  take  an  entire  volume  and  therefore  we  will  be 
obliged  to  touch  on  only  the  salient  points  in  this  re- 
view. Mr.  Williams  is  a  man  of  staunch  character 
and  uprightness  and  all  those  qualities  that  make  the 
hardy  pioneer. 

Charles  E.  Williams  was  born  in  Springfield,  Illi- 
nois, on  April  22,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Cornelius  and 
Mary  J.  (Harvey)  Williams.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  of  Welsh  extraction,  and  died  in  Illi- 
nois, having  been  a  miner  in  the  coal  regions.  The 
mother  of  Charles  E.  was  also  a  native  of  Pennsylvania 
as  were  her  ancestors,  and  she  died  at  Cascade  Locks, 
Oregon,  in  1901.  Our  subject  was  brought  by  his 
mother  across  the  plains  to  Cascade  Locks,  in  1852. 
She  took  a  donation  claim  and  he  remained  with  her 
for  fifteen  years.  She  married  R.  G.  Atwell  in  1853, 
an  attorney  of  an  old  Virginia  family.  Mrs.  Williams' 
grandfather  fought  in  the  Revolution.  Charles  E.  was 
educated  in  Portland  at  the  academy  and  when  that 
part  of  his  life  was  done,  he  commenced  the  operation 
of  a  pack  train.  He  packed  from  Walla  Walla  to  Hel- 
ena and  Fort  Boise,  which  latter  he  helped  to  build  in 
1864.  In  1871,  Mr.  Williams  did  the  herculean  task 
of  taking  a  pack  train  of  flour  from  Helena  to  Gassier 
bar  in  the  Fraser  river  country.  He  had  six  men  and 
seventy-seven  mules.  The  start  was  made  on  March 
18,  1871,  and  they  arrived  at  the  destination  on  July 
18,  1871,  the  goods  being  for  Perry  Kent,  an  old  Cali- 
fornian.  In  this  trip,  Mr.  Williams  built  two  hundred 
miles  of  road  and  came  over  the  land  where  Spokane 
now  stands.  Following  this,  he  took  charge  of  a  train 
for  the  Canadian  government  and  for  several  years 
did  excellent  service  in  this  capacity,  much  of  the  time 
handling  the  supplies  for  the  engineers  of  the  Cana- 
dian Pacific.  In  this  work  he  packed  across  glaciers 
where  they  had  to  cut  steps  for  the  animals  in  the  ice 
and  thus  get  them  down" the  precipitous  sides.  Fol- 
lowing this  service  Mr.  Williams  settled  down  to 
ranching  and  a  commercial  life  in  British  Columbia 
and  seven  years  were  spent  in  that  labor.  Selling  this 
business  for  eighteen  thousand  dollars  to  James  Sul- 
livan he  came  to  the  Flathead  reservation  in  Mon- 
tana and  embarked  in  the  stock  business.  A  hard 
winter  killed  all  his  stock  and  then  he  went  to  Spald- 
ing. where  land  was  allotted  his  wife  and  children. 
Mrs.  Williams  has  two  granddaughters,  Maggie  B. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  Ida  K.  Elliot,  who  are  good  musicians  and  own 
eighty  acres  of  land  each. 

Mr.  Williams  started  to  dam  the  Clearwater  for 
the  purpose  of  mining  the  Webfoot  bar,  but  after 
spending  three  thousand  dollars  he  failed,  although  he 
found  considerable  gold.  Since  that  time  he  has  been 
prospecting  all  over  the  country  and  now  he  has  located 


the  Lo: 

which  he  has  been  se; 

is  doubtless  a  bonanz; 

ciates. 

At  Kam  loops,  i 


i  as  the  Bill  Rhodes  property, 
rching  for  for  twenty  years.  It 
for  Mr.  Williams  and  his  asso- 


i  December  25,  1877,  Mr-  Wil1- 
iams  married  Mrs.  Christina,  widow  of  James  Mc- 
Kenzie  and  daughter  of  Angus  and  Kathrina  McDon- 
:  aid.  Mr.  McDonald  was  chief  factor  in  the  Hudson 
Bay  Company  at  Fort  Colville.  In  a  time  of  great 
trouble  between  the  Indians  and  the  whites,  Kathrina 
stood  nobly  with  the  whites  and  not  only  did  many 
things  for  their  advantage  but  in  the  fight  she  loaded 
the  arms  of  the  white  man  and  never  flinched^  from 
the  trying  dangers.  This  brave  and  noble  action  so 
touched  the  heart  of  McDonald  that  he  later  married 
the  maiden,  she  being  a  beautiful  woman.  Mrs.  Will- 
iams was  highly  educated  and  given  every  advantage 
that  her  wealthy  father  could  supply  and  she  is  a  gra- 
cious and  accomplished  lady  of  refinement  and  culture. 
She  has  five  brothers  and  one  sister,  Duncan,  Angus, 
Joseph,  Thomas,  Donald,  and  Margaret,  a  noted  busi- 
ness woman  on  the  Bitter  Root  river  in  Montana,  who 
has  an  immense  stock  ranch  and  who  is  styled  the 
"Cattle  Queen."  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  have 
been  born  children:  Charles,  married  and  fanning 
his  allotment ;  Mary,  wife  of  George  Campbell,  owner 
of  a  hotel  in  Spalding  and  a  portion  of  the  townsite. 
Mr.  Williams  has  one  brother  and  two  half-brothers, 
Cassius  M.,  James  and  John  Atwell,  the  former  a 
marine  engineer  and  captain  on  the  Columbia  boats 
and  the  latter  a  contractor  and  builder  at  Cascade 
Locks.  Mr.  Williams  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church  while  his  wife  and  children  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian,  except  Kate,  who  is  an  adherent  of  the 
Catholic  faith.  By  her  former  marriage  Mrs.  Will- 
iams has  two  children,  Alexander  D.  McKenzie,  farm- 
ing on  the  allotment ;  Kate,  widow  of  W.  Elliot,  and 
now  wife  of  Louis  Forrest,  a  mechanic  at  Lapwai. 

Recently  Mr.  Williams  cut  thirty-five  miles  of  trail 
in  the  Eldorado  country  and  is  interested  in  mining. 


JOHN  C.  JACKSON.  Among  the  successful  and 
well-to-do  men  of  the  vicinity  of  Dublin,  we  must  men- 
tion the  subject  of  this  article,  whose  estate  of  three  hun- 
dred and  twenty  acres  of  fine  land  lies  about  one  mile 
southwest  and  has  been  made  by  his  wise  and  industri- 
ous labors  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  this  section.  Mr. 
Jackson  has  a  fine  residence,  good  barn  and  outbuild- 
ings and  a  general  air  of  thrift  pervades  the  premises. 

fine  Berkshire  and  Poland  China  hog™"" 

John  C.  Jackson  was  born  in  Carroll  county,  Ohio, 
on  March  18,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Hugh  and  .Mar- 


garet (Crawford)  Jackson.  The  father  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  on  February  22,  1815,  and  died  in 
August,  1885.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Ohio.  Illinois, 
and  Iowa,  dying  in  the  last  state.  His  grandparents 
were  all  natives  of  Ireland-  and  were  among  the  earliest 
settlers  in  Ohio.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Ohio,  on  March  7,  1815,  and  died  in  December, 
1898.  John  C.  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Illinois 
when  four  years  old,  and  the  family  settled  in  Mon- 
mouth,  where  he  received  his  education.  In  1871  they 
all  went  to  Warren  county,  Iowa,  and  there  our  sub- 
ject labored  with  his  father  until  he  had  reached  the 
age  of  twenty-one,  when  he  started  the  battle  of  life 
'for  himself.  He  visited  the  old  home  in  Ohio,  then  re- 
turned to  Iowa  and  took  up  farming  and  handling 
stock.  In  1890  Mr.  Jackson  moved  to  Genesee,  where 
he  farmed  until  1895,  at  which  time  he  took  up  his 
present  place.  This  has  been  the  family  home  since 
that  time  and  the  scene  of  the  wise  labors  of  Mr.  Jack- 
son. 

On  January  I,  1880,  Mr.  Jackson  married  Miss 
Lucinda  R.,  daughter  of  William  and  Alary  (Allen) 
Simmons.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Warren  county, 
Iowa.  Mr.  Simmons  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1819  and 
died  in  1876.  He  was  one  of  the  very  first  settlers  in 
Iowa.  His  wife  was  born  in  Spencer  county,  Indiana, 
in  1821.  Her  grandparents  settled  in  Kentucky  with 
Daniel  Boone  and  her  great-grandmother  was  a  niece 

Iowa,  on  October  30,  1861,  and  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  Louis,  John,  Joseph, 
William,  Elizabeth,  Mary  and  Mahala.  Mr.  Jackson 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters :  Eliza- 
beth, Nancy  J..  James  M.  Mrs.  Jackson  is  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  ;  Mr.  Jackson  affiliates  with 
the  Masons  and  the  M.  W.  A.  He  is  a  Republican 
and  takes  the  part  of  an  intelligent  citizen.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  school  board  and  has  always  evinced  a 
great  interest  in  these  matters,  laboring  for  advance- 


CHRISTOPHER  C.  MILLER.  The  home  of  our 
subject  is  about  six  miles  west  from  Nezperce  and  is 
one  of  the  promising  farms  of  the  section,  having  been 
taken  from  the  raw  by  homestead  right  and  brought 
to  its  present  state  of  cultivation  and  improvement  by 
the  arduous  and  careful  labor  of  Mr.  Miller,  whose  in- 
dustry, thrift,  integrity  and  uprightness  have  been  pat- 
ent to  all. 

Christopher  C.  Miller  was  born  in  Mercer  county, 
Illinois,  on  June  30,  1842,  being  the  son  of  George  and 
Elizabeth  (Hyatt)  Miller,  natives  of  Indiana.  In  1847 
the  family  came  across  the  plains  with  ox  teams  in  a 
large  train  captained  by  Jonathan  Mulkey.  Some 
trouble  was  experienced 'with  the  Indians  and  when 
they  came  to  The  Dalles,  Mr.  Miller  floated  his  family 
and  their  goods  down  the  Columbia  and  up  the  Will- 
amette to  Oregon  City  in  Indian  canoes.  Arriving  in 
Oregon  City  without  "means,  he  was  confronted  with 


3'6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  which  our  subject  was  the  eighth :  the  first  venture 
was  to  cut  the  tents  up  and  make  clothes  for  the  little 
ones.  He  soon  went  to  California  in  the  mining  excite- 
ment and  in  1851  moved  to  Lane  county,  where  he  died 
in  1853.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  mother  until  her 
death,  and  on  December  27,  1872,  he  was  married  to 
Sarah,  daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Lee,  who 
came  across  the  plains  in  1863  from  Missouri,  in  which 
state  Mrs.  Miller  was  born.  Settlement  was  made  in 
Lane  county,  where  the  father  died,  the  mother  hav- 
ing passed  away  in  Missouri.  Our  subject  remained 
on  the  old  donation  claim  until  1878  and  then  came  to 
the  vicinity  of  Dayton,  Washington,  whence  he  re- 
moved to  Pomeroy  in  1880.  He  followed  farming  and 
raising  stock  until  1898  and  then  located  his  place  and 
the  result  of  his  labors  since  that  time  is  apparent  in 
the  excellent  holding  that  he  has  wrought  out,  as  he 
came  here  with  very  little  capital  and  all  he  now  pos- 
sesses is  the  result  of  his  wise  labors.  A  good  windmill 
with  a  well  one  hundred  and  twelve  feet  deep,  orchard, 
shrubbery,  garden  and  buildings  are  among  the  im- 
provements in  evidence. 

The  following  named  children  have  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller :  Dora,  wife  of  Buel  Abies,  near 
Mohier;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  F.  Morgan  in  Garfiekl 
county ;  Clara  J.,  wife  of  Lewis  Harris,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Xezperce:  Nellie,  wife  of  Wilber  Rawnsley,  near 
Nezperce;  Annie,  deceased;  Nettie;  Bessie,  deceased; 
John  and  George. 


ALEXANDER  McCUTCHEN.  This  genial  and 
pleasant  gentleman  is  one  of  the  successful  farmers  in 
the  vicinity  of  Melrose,  his  ranch  joining  the  town  on 
the  east.  Mr.  McCutchen  is  a  man  of  excellent  qualities 
of  intrinsic  worth,  as  integrity,  industry  and  upright- 
ness, and  is  secure  in  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his 
associates. 

Alexander  McCutchen  was  born  in  Floyd  county, 
Indiana,  on  October  12.  1852,  being  the  son  of  Alex- 
ander and  Mary  (Johnston)  McCutchen.  The  father 
was  also  born  in  Indiana  and  his  father,  Samuel  J.  Mc- 
Cutchen, was  a  pioneer  of  Indiana,  from  his  native 
state,  Kentucky,  and  was  one  of  the  stanch  members 
of  the  Christian  church  in  early  days.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1821,  and  died  in 
1880.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
were  pioneers  to  Indiana.  Alexander  grew  up  on  the 
farm,  attended  school  in  the  winter  and  assisted  his 
father  in  the  work  until  he  was  twenty-two,  when  he 
came  to  Macoupin  county,  Illinois,  where  he  remained 
for  six  years,  being  employed  by  J.  F.  Roach,  one  of 
the  largest  shippers  and  feeders  in  Illinois.  Mr.  Mc- 
Cutchen became  expert  in  this  art  and  is  considered 
one  of  the  first  men  in  this  line  in  the  county.  From 
Illinois  he  came  to  Portland  and  then  made  his  way 
to  the  vicinity  of  Walla  Walla,  where  he  farmed  for 
sixteen  years,  having  arrived  there  in  1882.  During 
this  time  Mr.  McCutchen  prospered,  owing  to  his  in- 


cases  he  has   headed   field   after  field   of   wheat   that 
averaged  fifty  bushels  to  the  acre.     He  became  one  of 


the  best  header  drivers  in  the  country  and  doubtless 
takes  the  lead  in  this  important  industry  in  Nez  Perces 
county.  In  1898  Mr.  McCutchen  purchased  his  pres- 
ent ranch  and  has  devoted  himself  to  its  improvement 
since.  He  raises  many  hogs  and  has  his  farm  fenced 
hog-tight  so  that  he  can  feed  them  from  the  field.  Mr. 
-McCutchen  is  now  planning  to  erect  a  commodious 
barn  and  fine  residence  and  is  one  of  the  leading  and 
progressive  men  of  the  county.  September  30,  of  the 
year  mentioned,  was  the  date  of  his  settlement  and 
much  has  been  done  since  by  his  thrift  and  labor.  Mr. 
McCutchen  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Jacob  M.,  William  M.,  George  W.  and  John  B.,  de- 
ceased. Air.  McCutchen  is  a  Bryan  man  and  always 
interested  in  political  matters.  As  yet,  our  subject  has 
not  elected  to  desert  the  ranks  of  bachelordom,  but  is 
enjoying  the  choice  pleasures  of  a  life  of  celibacy. 


ibject  of  this  ar- 


ALANSON  FARMER.  The  subje 
tide  has  exemplified  in  a  striking  manner  both  his 
ability  and  the  possibilities  jf  this  country.  For,  com- 
ing here  with  no  money,  having  only  two  horses  and 
two  cows,  he  is  now  possessed  of  a  fine  farm,  one  of 
the  choicest  of  the  vicinity,  comfortable  improvements, 
a  good  holding  in  stock  and  good  orchards,  shrub- 
bery gardens,  and  all  that  goes  to  make  a  farm  both 
a  valuable  and  pleasant  abode.  These  things  speak  in 
emphatic  terms  of  the  industry  and  wisdom  of  Mr. 
Farmer  and  because  of  these  qualities,  together  with 
real  moral  worth  and  integrity,  he  is  of  excellent  stand- 
ing in  the  community  and  is  the  recipient  of  the  re- 
spect of  all. 

Alanson  Farmer  was  born  in  Tazewell  county, 
Virginia,  on  January  2,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Aianson 
and  Charlotte  (Graham)  Farmer,  natives  of  Virginia. 
Near  the  close  of  the  war  the  father  enlisted  in  the 
Confederate  army  and  a  few  weeks  later  he  was  killed 
in  the  battle  of  King's  Salt  Works.  The  mother  is  now 
living  in  Palouse,  aged  eighty-three.  Our  subject  was 
the  seventh  of  a  family  of  nine  children  and  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  place.  There,  also,  on  January  2, 
1878,  he  married  Miss  Georgia  Ann,  daughter  of 
Nathaniel  and  Susan  (Webb)  Puckett.  The  father' 
died  when  she  was  a  child,  while  the  mother  is  now  liv- 
ing in  Wayne  county,  West  Virginia.  Thither  our 
subject  removed  in  1880  and  in  1887  came  to  Moscow, 
Idaho.  The  following  year  found  him  in  Palouse, 
whence  he  went  again  to  Moscow  and  at  the  time  of 
the  opening  of  the  reservation  he  was  on  hand  to  take 
a  claim  and  his  push  and  energy  secured  for  him  one 
of  the  very  choicest  claims  on  the  reservation.  He 
filed  on  November  22,  1895,  and  in  May,  1896,  he 
brought  the  family.  He  had  erected  a  house  and  seeded 
eighteen  acres  of  grain  before  he  brought  them  and 
when  thev  were  well  settled  he  went  to  the  harvest  fields 
of  the  Walla  Walla  country  to  gain  bread  for  their 
sustenance.  He  has  wrought  with  a  faithful  and  win- 
ning hand  since  that  time  and  the  result  is  the  goodly 

wells,  one  sixty-five  feet  deep  and  one  seventy   feet 
deep,  and  in  neither  did  he  encounter  any  rock.     He 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


sfine 


has  plenty  of  good  water  and  his  pk 

s  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  his 


respect. 

Mr.  Fa 

wife  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  both  being 
devout  in  the  support  of  their  faith.  Nine  children 
have  been  born  to  this  happy  family,  Vice}-,  deceased  ; 
Reba  E.  Bailey,  Albert  S.,  Nevada  S.,  Emery,  deceased, 
Lena  C,  Edith  H.,  Aressa  I.  and  Evert  W. 


PERRY  E.  MILLER.  This  successful  young 
business  man  of  Nezperce  is  associated  with  Thomas 
Mockler  in  a  large  furniture  business  which  is  both 
successful  and  well  managed. 

Referring  to  his  personal  career,  we  note  that  Perry 
E.  Miller  was  born  in  Scio,  Linn  county,  Oregon,  on 
May  23,  1868,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Amanda 
(Redman)  Miller.  The  father  was  born  in  Illinois,  in 
1841,  and  came  to  Oregon  with  his  parents  in  1849, 
who  took  a  donation  claim  of  one  section,  where  he 
was  reared  and  lived  until  his  death  in  1878.  Perry's 
mother  was  a  native  of  Iowa,  born  i-n  1846,  and  now 
lives  at  Freeman,  Washington,  being  the  wife  of  P.  J. 
Wycoff.  Shortly  after  his  birth  our  subject's  parents 
came  to  the  old"  donation  claim  near  Albany  and  he 
was  educated  in  the  district  school  there  until  he  was 
twelve.  Then  a  move  was  made  to  Sprague,  Wash- 
ington, and  for  two  years  Perry  E.  attended  graded 
school.  Following  this,  he  went  to  Adams,  Oregon, 
and  lived  with  an  uncle,  J.  T.  Redman,  a  prominent 
merchant  and  stockman.  Two  more  years  in  the 
graded  schools  and  then  four  years  were  occupied  in 
the  foremanship  of  the  I.  R.  horse  ranch.  Mr.  Miller 
then  accepted  a  position  with  Reese,  Crandall  &  Red- 
man, wholesale  grocers  in  Tacorna.  Two  years  later 
he  came  to  Freeman,  Spokane  county,  Washington, 
and  bought  a  farm,  which  he  handled  for  years  and 
then,  on  account  of  the  panic,  he  was  unsuccessful 
and  after  much  hard  work  succeeded  in  settling  all 
indebtedness  and  had  a  four-horse  team  and  one  dollar 
and  twenty-five  cents  left.  Then  Nez  Perces  reserva- 
tion was  the  mecca  of  those  who  had  energy  to  start 
again,  and  our  subject  is  blessed  with  plenty  of  pluck. 
He  came  straightway,  took  a  ranch,  one  of  the  best  in 
the  county,  thanks  to  his  good  judgment  in  selecting 
it,  and  in  "a  short  time  Mr.  Miller  had  a  crop  of  wheat 
growing.  He  freighted  between  times  and  in  a  few 
years  had  the  entire  quarter  growing  fine  crops  of  the 
cereals.  The  fourth  year  he  bought  a  threshing  out- 
fit with  his  brother,  Norton  B.,  and  they  operated  it 
for  two  years,  being  successful.  On  February  16, 
1901,  Mr.  Miller  bought  the  interest  of  E.  L.  Parkers 
in  the  small  furniture  business  in  Nezperce  and  im- 
mediately he  and  his  partner  built  a  large  twenty-four 
by  one  hundred  and  twenty  structure  and  filled  it  with 
a  well  selected  stock.  Since  then  Mr.  Miller  has  de- 
voted himself 'to  this  business  and  is  doing  well.  He 
personally  manages  the  establishment  and  is  a  man  of 
energy  and  successful  business  capabilities.  This 
house  is  the  largest  in  this  entire  section  of  country 
and  is  favored  with  a  rapidly  increasing  patronage. 

On  December  23,   1889,  Mr.  Miller  married  Miss 


Annie  E.,  daughter  of  Lewis  M.  and  Emma  Simpson. 
Mr.  Simpson  was  a  merchant  in  Adams,  where  this 
wedding  occurred,  but  now  he  is  a  farmer  near  Cotton- 
wood.  Mrs.  Miller  was  born  on  November  15,  1872, 
and  on  September  6,  1901,  she  was  called  by  death  to 
the  world  beyond.  She  left  three  sons,  Vonley  J., 
Verona  LeRoy,  Darl  V.,  and  one  daughter,  Madge 
Leona.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.,  Nez- 
perce Camp  No.  445,  also  of  the  auxiliary,  being  man- 
ager of  the  latter.  In  politics  Mr.  Miller  is  a  Demo- 
crat and  in  1899  he  was  elected  county  commissioner 
by  a  good  majority,  although  the  county  was  Re- 
publican. His  own  district  gave  him  one  hundred 
and  forty-two  majority,  notwithstanding  that  it  was 
a  Republican  precinct.  Business  matters  pressed  so 
closely  that  Mr.  Miller  could  not  devote  the  time  to 
the  office  that  he  deemed  it  deserved  and  consequently 
he  resigned.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention 
this  year. 

On  February  19,  1903,  Mr.  Miller  entered  a  corpo- 
ration composed  of  T.  M.  Mockler,  J.  H.  Mockler  and 
P.  E.  Miller,  doing  business  under  the  name  of  Mock- 
ler, Miller  &  Mockler,  of  which  Mr.  Miller  is  secre- 
tary and  treasurer.  This  firm  is  the  largest  on  the  Nez 
Perce  prairie,  handling  a  complete  hardware  business, 
farm  machinery,  furniture  and  being  the  only  under- 
taking establishment  outside  of  Lewiston,  in  the  Nez 
Perces  county. 


JOHN  LEROY  SANFORD.  A  prosperous 
farmer,  an  upright  man,  a  scion  of  a  substantial  and 
old  family,  and  a  man  who  is  doing  a  commendable 
work  in  developing  this  country,  it  is  fitting  to  give 
an  epitome  of  the  subject  of  this  article. 

John  L.  Sanford  was  born  in  Lincoln  county,  South 
Dakota,  on  September.  24,  1878,  being  the  son'of  John 
and  Mary  (Nelson)  Sanford.  The  father  was  born 
December  16,  1837,  in  Clark  county,  Illinois.  He  lived 
a  time  in  Putnam  county,  Indiana,  then  removed  to 
Boone  county,  Iowa.  In  the  summer  of  1861  he  en- 
listed in  Company  D,  Tenth  Iowa  Infantry,  in  the 
Fifteenth  Army  Corps.  He  was  in  both  battles  of 
Corinth,  at  luka,  Chattanooga,  and  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg.  at  Atlanta  and  several  other  battles  and  many 
skirmishes.  Mr.  Sanford  was  in  the  hottest  of  many 
of  these  awful  conflicts  when  bullets  were  like  hail, 
while  hundreds  of  men  were  falling  all  around.  He 
foxight  with  a  display  of  great  courage  and  bravery 
and  endured  unflinchingly  the  terrible  ordeals  of  hard- 
ship and  trials  of  the  soldier's  life.  In  August,  1865, 
he  was  mustered  out  at  Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  and  re- 
ceived his  discharge  at  Davenport.  He  returned  to 
Boone  county  and  on  March  6,  1866.  was 
married.  In  1872  he  went  to  Lincoln  county.  South 
Dakota,  and  in  1889  came  to  Moscow.  Mrs. 'Sanford 
was  born  in  Van  Buren  county,  Michigan,  on  Novem- 
ber 9,  1848.  Seven  children  were  born  to  Mr.  Sanford 
and  are  named  as  follows:  Violet  S.  Carley,  Charles 
M.,  Ella  Olson,  John  Leroy,  Mary  A.  Millage,  William 
S.  and  Jesse  H.  Our  subject  came  to  the  reservation 
in  1898  and  as  soon  as  he  was  of  age  secured  his  pres- 
ent homestead  of  forty  acres.  He  has  a  good  house, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


mprovements,  besides  handling  t 
of  rented  land.     He  raises  fla 


ree  hun- 
and the 


first-cl 
dred  a 
cereals  and  is  prosperous  and  well  respected. 

The  Sanford  family  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  America. 
They  descended  from  John  Sanford,  a  wealthy  Eng- 
lishman, who  came  to  the  colonies  in  1631.  His  son 
was  William,  and  from  him  to  the  present,  the  geneal- 
ogy is  unbroken  and  they  have  many  men  of  note 
among  them  and  are  a  strong,  vigorous  and  prominent 
family.  Some  of  them  have  lived  to  be  one  hundred 
years  of  age  and  some  even  older  than  that.  Abraham 
Sanford,  a  great-uncle  of  our  subject,  died  in  1897 
aged  one  hundred  and  one.  Mr.  Sanford's  parents 
are  now  living  on  the  place  with  him  and  they  are 
highly  respected  people. 


WILLIAM  DESCHAMPS.  A  man  full  of  en- 
ergy, snap,  and  those  qualities  of  aggressiveness  that 
make  successful  business  men,  also  possessed  of  an 
agreeable  way  and  genial  manner  that  win  many 
friends,  and  guided  with  wisdom  and  keen  perception, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  rightly  classed  with  the 
leading  men  of  business  ability  in  the  county  of  Nez 
Perces.  At  present  Mr.  Deschamps  is  owner  of  a 
first-class  livery  stable  in  Nezperce,  which  he  has 


les 


ed. 


William  Deschamps  was  born  in  Stevens  Point, 
Portage  county,  Wisconsin,  on  May  7,  1872,  being  the 
son  of  Peter  and  Margaret  (Tardiff)  Deschamps.  The 
father,  a  native  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  came  to 
New  York  state  when  twenty-one  and  thence  through 
various  regions  to  Lewiston,  where  he  now  lives,  aged 
sixty-seven.  His  brother  lives  on  the  old  homestead 
in  Canada,  which  has  been  in  the  family  for  three  hun- 
dred years.  The  mother  of  William  was  of  French  de- 
sent  and  born  in  Upper  Canada.  Her  brothers  are 
well  known  railroad  men  in  Wisconsin,  John  J.  being 
superintendent  of  the  Wisconsin  C.entral  shops  for 
twenty  years ;  and  George  is  a  conductor  on  that  line. 
William  was  educated  in  Wisconsin  and  North  Dakota, 
whither  the  family  went  in  1882.  The  father  took  a 
half  section  of  land  and  farmed  there  for  ten  years. 
The  farm  was  an  unsuccessful  venture  and  although 
the  father  did  well  in  contracting  on  the  construction 
of  the  Great  Northern,  the  losses  on  the  estate  ate  up 
all  profits  and  when  they  sold  and  came  to  Lewiston 
their  finances  were  not  of  the  best.  This  was  in  1894, 
and  when  the  reservation  opened  they  were  among  the 
first  to  select  land  and  secured  a  good  tract  for  each 
one.  Our  subject  sold  his  quarter  for  thirty-five  hun- 
dred dollars  and  the  father  and  sister  sold  a  quarter 
for  four  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Deschamps  has  bought 
and  sold  some  land  since,  among  which  is  a  stock  farm 
in  Whitman  county,  Washington.  In  1901  Mr.  Des- 
champs came  to  Nezperce  and  built  a  fine  livery  barn, 
it  being  a  substantial  structure,  and  since  that  time 
he  has  been  conducting  a  first-class  business  there  until 
January  i,  1903. 

Mr.'  Deschamps  has  one  brother,  Charles  E.,  on  the 
reservation,  and  three  sisters,  Mary,  wife  of  John  Rea- 
gan, en  the  Colville  reservation,  Washington;  Lizzie, 


wife  of  Orrin  I'ixley,  a  stockman  at  Waha;  Meda,  liv- 
ing with  parents  in  Lewiston.  He  and  his  family  are 
members  of  the  Catholic  church  and  stanch  supporters 
of  the  faith.  Mr.  Deschamps  is  a  charter  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.,  Nezperce  Camp,  No.  7498,  being  also 
manager.  He  is  a  Republican  and  a  rustler  in  this 
realm,  being  a  magnetic  orator  on  the  campaign  and 
a  zealous  worker  in  the  field. 

On  November  2,  1901,  Mr.  Deschamps  married 
Miss  Josephine  M.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Margaret 
(Bulldell)  Langer.  The  father  was  born  in  France 
and  was  one  of  the  prominent  architects  in  North  Da- 
kota, Minnesota  and  Puget  Sound,  but  was  caused  to 
retire  from  the  work  by  a  serious  injury  in  North 
Yakima  resulting  from  a  fall.  He  is  now  residing  on 
the  reservation.  He  constructed  the  plans  for  a  large 
residence  of  Z.  A.  Johnson,  in  Nezperce.  Mrs.  Des- 
champs' maternal  grandparents  reside  on  a  ranch  near 
Cold  Springs,  aged  ninety.  Mrs.  Deschamps  has  five 
brothers:  Fred,  in  Spokane;  Louis,  a  farmer  on  the 
reservation ;  Eugene,  with  his  father ;  Edward,  in  Cali- 
fornia ;  Phillip,  a  school  boy  with  his  parents.  William 
Deschamps  has  just  bought  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  two  miles  northwest  of  Nezperce,  and  intends  \ 


ELI  A.  LEACH.  A  man  of  integrity  and  sound 
principles  and  whose  life  has  demonstrated  his  worth 
and  ability  as  a  stanch  citizen,  it  is  becoming  that  we 
accord  him  space  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

Eli  A.  Leach  was  born  in  Greenview,  Menard 
county,  Illinois,  being  the  son  of  Salathiel  G. 
and  Mary  (Varner)  Leach,  natives  of  Indiana. 
The  father  was  born  in  1826  and  died  in 
1862  from  yellow  fever,  while  in  service  in  the  Civil  j 
war  in  Tennessee.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
in  Illinois  and  a  capable  and  enterprising  man.  The 
mother  was  born  in  1824  and  her  parents  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  in  that  state.  They  had  to  fight 
both  wild  animals  and  hostile  Indians.  Her  father  was 
also  a  forty-niner  in  California.  Our  subject  remained 
in  Illinois  until  fourteen  and  then  went  with  his  mother 
to  northwest  Missouri,  where  he  and  his  brother 
farmed  for  her,  their  home  being  in  Harrison  county, 
where  he  was  educated  and  grew  to  manhood.  Later  ) 
he  studied  and  practiced  medicine,  and  gained  good 
laurels  in  this  line.  When  twenty-seven  he  settled  in 
Elk  county,  Kansas,  and  later  in  Pratt  county,  where 
he  farmed  and  practiced  medicine.  Later  he  returned 
to  Harrison  county  on  a  visit  and  in  1888  Mr.  Leach 
ime  to  Farmington,  Washington.  Here  he  leased 
.nd  extensively  and  farmed.  In  the  awful  year  of  < 
panic,  1893,  Mr.  Leach  had  one  thousand  acres  of  \ 
first  class  wheat  which  was  entirely  lost  on  account  of 
vet  weather.  This  broke  him  up  financially  and  in 
895  he  came  to  his  present  place,  about  two  miles 
southeast  from  Ilo,  made  a  filing  and  -settled  down. 
He  now  has  a  fine  house  of  fourteen  rooms,  which 
is  completing,  and  has  followed  diversified  farming 

On  August  16,  1874,  Mr.  Leach  married  Miss 
Lucinda,  daughter  of  William  R.  and  Sarelda  (Croff) 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Smith,born  in  Kentucky  in  1827  and  1829,  respectively. 
The  father  still  lives  in  Missouri  but  the  mother  died 
in  1884.  The  nuptials  of  our  subject  were  celebrated  in 
Harrison  county,  Missouri.  Mrs.  Leach  was  born  in 
Missouri  on  November  14,  1855,  and  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  Sarah,  Jeremiah,  Mary,  Richard, 
Susan,  Jasper,  Rena,  Ison,  and  William.  Mr.  Leach 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters :  Eugene, 
a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war;  Edith,  Robert,  deceased; 
Salathiel.  Eleven  children  have  been  born  to  our 
worthy  couple:  Theophilus,  Floyd,  Cloyd,  Theodore, 
Rosa, 'deceased,  Mary  E.,  Eugene,  Mattie,  Edith,  Dol- 
lie,  Ida.  Mr.  Leach  is  an  elder  in  the  Christian  church 
and  has  been  an  active  member  of  that  church  since 
he  was  seventeen.  Mrs.  Leach  has  been  a  member  of 
it  since  1889.  Mr.  Leach  is  a  Republican  and  has  al- 
ways been  active.  He  is  a  strong  supporter  of  good 
schools  and  labors  intelligently  for  their  betterment 
constantly.  He  was  forced  to  undergo  much  hardship 
when  he  came  here,  but  has  been  prospered  and  now 
has  a  fine  bunch  of  stock  and  is  well-to-do. 


ALAXANDER  POLLOCK.  It  is  a  pleasure  to 
grant  to  Mr.  Pollock  consideration  in  the  history  of 
Nez  Perces  county,  since  he  is  one  of  the  most  enter- 
prising and  capable  farmers  of  the  entire  reservation 
county.  His  ranch  is  about  one  mile  southeast  from 
Dublin  and  is  known  as  the  Idaho  Model  Farm,  No.  I. 
And  surely  it  bears  this  name  out  in  reality,  for  it  is 
one  of  the  best  places  in  the  country  and  bears  the 
marks  of  the  skill,  wisdom,  industry  and  careful  plan- 
ning of  the  owner.  Mr.  Pollock  took  the  land  in  1895, 
being  one  of  the  first  here,  thus  securing  a  choice  farm. 
It  is  well  watered  and  fenced  hog  tight  with  twenty- 
six  inch  wire  netting.  Mr.  Pollock  is  devoting  him- 
self largely  to  raising  hogs,  finding  them  very  profit- 
able. He  also  raises  flax  for  the  market  in  addition  to 
the  large  amounts  of  grain  which  is  consumed  by  his 
stock.  He  has  good,  tasty  buildings  and  an  orchard, 
with  many  other  improvements  of  value. 

Alaxander  Pollock  was  born  in  Gray  county,  On- 
tario, on  November  18.  1869,  being  the  son  of'  Alex- 
ander and  Elizabeth  (Cook)  Pollock,  natives  of 
northern  Ireland  and  Canada,  respectively.  The  father 
was  married  in  Ontario  and  still  lives  in  Gray  county. 
He  and  his  wife  are  devout  members  of  the  Methodist 
church.  Our  subject  had  scanty  opportunity  to  gain 
an  education,  but  improved  it  well  and  by  personal 
research  is  a  well  informed  man.  In  1888-9  he  was 
on  the  Indian  Peninsula  in  Canada,  lumbering.  In 
1890  he  came  to  Chippewa  county,  Michigan,  then 
went  to  Duluth,  thence  to  Cumberland,  Wisconsin,  and 
other  portions  of  the  country.  Later  he  was  in  Kaslo, 
British  Columbia,  and  there  mined  for  a  time.  In  1895 
Mr.  Pollock  came  to  Spokane,  thence  to  Lewiston 
and  then  to  the  reservation,  selecting  a  choice  spot. 
He  then  returned  to  Spokane  and  later,  when  the  reser- 
vation opened,  he  was  on  hand  to  take  his  place.  He 
raises  stock  in  addition  to  the  hogs  mentioned  and  also 
has  some  fine  poultry.  His  house,  barn,  out  buildings. 


as  granary,  chicken  house,  hog  barn  and  so  forth  are 
all  made  and  kept  in  a  model  manner  and  it  is  the 
purpose  of  Mr.  Pollock  to  make  one  of  the  finest  farms 
in  the  state. 

On  March  26,  1899,  Mr.  Pollock  married  Miss 
Minnie  A.,  daughter  of  Willard  and  Julina  Birchard, 
natives  of  Vermont.  They  came  to  Mandan,  North 
Dakota.  In  1890  they  came  to  Marion  county,  Oregon, 
where  they  now  reside,  engaged  in  fruit  raising  and 
general  farming.  Mrs.  Pollock  was  born  in  Iowa  in 
August,  1879.  Two  children,  Howard  M.,  born  May 
28,  1901,  and  Earl  A.,  born  December  5,  1902,  have 
come  to  gladden  this  home. 


JERVIS  R.  CRAWFORD.  Judge  Crawford  is 
one  of  the  prominent  and  popular  residents  of  Nez- 
perce  and  is  entitled  to  especial  representation  in  the 
volume  of  his  county  history,  being  a  man  of  excellent 
business  qualifications  and  possessed  of  a  goodly  hold- 
ing of  property  and  withal  a  man  of  sound  principles 
and  first-class  standing  among  the  people. 

Jervis  R.  Crawford  was  born  in  Wisconsin  on  Oc- 
tober i,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Leonard  and  Lydia 
(Sweet)  Crawford,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania, 
respectively.  The  father  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Pull- 
man, Washington,  took  land,  and  remains  there  still, 
being  aged  seventy.  The  mother  of  our  subject  came 
to  Wisconsin  with  her  parents,  who  are  now  dead, 
and  the  family  resided  there  for  fifty  years. 
She  died  in  1874,  aged  forty.  Jervis  was  raised 
in  Missouri,  and  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  the  College  of  Pharmacy  in  St.  Louis.  Aft- 
er he  graduated  he  accepted  a  position  in  Oron- 
ogo,  Missouri,  and  clerked  in  a  drug  store  for  two 
years  and  then  bought  the  store  and  remained  six  vears 
longer.  A  move  brought  him  to  Kansas  and  two  years 
more  were  spent  in  a  drug  store.  It  was  1881  that  he 
came  to  Whitman  county,  took  a  half  section  of  land 
and  farmed  for  twelve  years.  The  rust  ruined  him, 
and  when  the  reservation  opened  he  came  to  its  fertile 
regions  and  at  once  entered  the  building  and  contract- 
ing business  in  Nezperce.  He  has  erected  one-third 
of  the  buildings  in  the  town  and  is  a  skilled  hand  in  the 
business.  Mr.  Crawford  has  been  elected  justice  of 
the  peace  and  he  is  especially  fitted  for  this  position,  be- 
ing a  man  of  logical  turn  of  mind  and  given  to  careful 
weighing  of  evidence  and  condition.  He  is  popular  in 
this  line  and  is  a  man  of  sound  judgment.  Mr.  Craw- 
ford is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Hiram  Lodge, 
Number  36 ;  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Morning  Star  Lodge, 
No.  56;  of  the  W.  of  W. :  and  the  M.  W.  A.  He  has 
one  brother,  Clyde  L.,  a  farmer  at  Vollmer.  Politically 
the  Judge  is  a  strong  Democrat  and  can  give  a  good 
reason  for  the  hope  within  him. 

On  January  i,  1879,  Mr.  Crawford  married  Miss 
Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  Edward  E.  and  Melinda  J. 
Richardson.  She  was  born  in  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  on 
April  i,  1861,  and  received  a  high  school  education. 
Her  father  was  a  physician  from  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
and  her  mother  was  a  native  of  Indiana.  One  son  and 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


three  daughters  were  in  the  family  besides  Mrs.  Craw- 
ford, namely:  Harry  J.,  in  Nezperce ;  Allie,  wife 'of 
Edward  Barber,  in  this  county;  Edna,  wife  of  Joseph 
Donaldson,  also  on  the  reservation.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  Judge  Crawford  and  his  wife,  Cora  M., 
wife  of  Harvey  T-  Harris,  a  farmer  at  Mohler ;  Grade 
D.,  wife  of  Roy'W.  Adams,  on  the  reservation.  Mrs. 
Crawford  is  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs  and  also  of  the 
Methodist  church. 

fudge  Crawford  and  his  wife  are  prominent  in  the 
best  social  circles;  he  is  a  progressive  and  substantial 
citizen,  ever  in  the  lead  in  lines  of  improvement  and 
advancement  of  the  town  and  county. 


ERICK  ERICKSON.  At  Kippen,  in  Nez  Perces 
county,  is  located  the  complete  saw  mill  and  plant,  for 
the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  building  material,  that 
belongs  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  complete  plants  in  the  country  and  Mr.  Erickson 
carries  full  lines  of  material  and  a  large  stock.  He  is 
an  old  saw-mill  man  and  understands  the  business 
thoroughly  in  all  its  departments  and  the  county  is  to 
be  congratulated  in  securing  his  presence  in  this  im- 
portant industry,. 

Mr.  Erickson  was  born  in  Sweden  on  August  21, 
1848,  being  the  son  of  Erick  and  Breten  Pearson.  The 
father  was  born  in  that  country  in  1822,  and  has  spent 
his  life  in  farming  and  still  lives  there.  The  mother 
was  born  in  1822,  and  died  in  1891.  Erick  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  land  and  remained  there  until 
1868,  when  he  bade  farewell  to  all  early  environments 
and  associates  and  came  to  the  United  States.  He 
stopped  six  months  in  Galesburg,  Illinois,  and  then 
went  to  Clay  county,  Dakota,  and  took  a 
worked  as  engineer  in  a  saw 
nd  one-half  years  and  did  the 
n  a  grist  mi'll  for  three  years. 
the  trip  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
to  Moscow,  Idaho.  He  operated 
ime  and  soon  erected  one  of  his  own. 
vicinity  of  Vollmer  and  for  twenty 


ho 


He 


tead. 
ill  for  one 
same  business 
Then  he  mad 
and  thence  ca 
a  saw  mill  for  a 
This  was  in  th 


years  he  continued  in  this  line  of  business  thei 
also  operated  a  general  merchandise  establishment  at 
the  same  time,  and  did  a  good  business.  When  the 
reservation  opened  up  he  came  to  his  present  location, 
and  has  also  done  a  good  business  here,  having  a  fine 
patronage.  He  is  assistant  postmaster  at  Kippen. 

In  1874,  at  Vermillion,  South  Dakota,  Mr.  Erick- 
son married  Miss  Minnie  Anderson,  who  was  born 
in  Norway  in  1853  and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1869.  Mr.  Erickson  has  the  following  named  brother 
and  sister,  Andrew,  Annie,  both  in  Sweden.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Erickson  there  have  been  born  the  following 
children,  Carl,  deceased ;  Ella,  wife  of  Ernest  Parkin, 
in  this  county ;  Frank  E.,  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Min- 
nie Annie,  Enos,  Lewis,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Erickson 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Lutheran  church. 
Mr.  Erickson  is  a  Republican  and  is  a  familar  figure  in 
both  the  county  and  state  conventions.  He  always 


labors  for  good  educational  facilities.  Mr.  Ericks 
is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer  Association  of  Mosco 
His  grandfathers  were  both  soldiers  and  officers 
the  army  in  Sweden. 


ANDREW  J.  ERICKSON.  Many  hands  have 
labored  in  many  different  lines  to  bring  about  the 
prosperity  and  high  state  of  development  in  Nez 
Perces  county  and  a  faithful  one  who  has  done  well 
in  this  line  of  advancement  is  named  at  the  head  of 
this  article.  Mr.  Erickson  is  postmaster  at  Kippen 
and  does  a  general  merchandise  business. 

Andrew  J.  Erickson  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  Octo- 
ber 7,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Erick  and  Martha 
(Johnson)  Erickson.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born 
in  Sweden  in  1838  and  was  a  tax  collector  for  the 
government.  His  father,  Andrew  Erickson,  was  a 
sheriff.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Sweden  in  1839  and  died  in  1886.  Andrew  J.  was 
educated  in  his  native  land ;  after  graduating  from  the 
high  school,  he  took  a  thorough  business  course.  He 
worked  with  his  father  until  1889,  and  then  deter- 
mined to  start  for  himself  in  the  world  of  business. 
He  was  also  imbued  with  the  idea  of  the  opportunities 
in  the  new  world  and  accordingly  he  came  hither  and 
settled  at  Troy,  Idaho.  He  went  to  work  in  the  saw 
mill  there  and  soon  had  charge  of  the  yards.  At  this 
he  continued  until  1895  when  he  went  to  Portland  and 
worked  for  a  couple  of  years.  In  1897,  he  came  to  his 
present  location,  taking  charge  of  Mr.  Erickson's  saw 
mill.  He  took  a  claim  in  1888,  which  he  still  owns. 
In  1899  Mr.  Erickson  started  in  the  merchandise  busi- 
ness and  in  1901  he  was  appointed  postmaster.  He 
has  done  well  in  the  merchandise  business  and  has  a 
fine  residence  besides  other  property.  Mr.  Erickson  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  M.  W.  A.  In 
political  matters,  he  is  a  strong  Republican  and  his 
influence  is  felt  in  upholding  the  principles  of  his  party 
in  no  uncertain  manner.  Mr.  Erickson  is  a  warm 
advocate  of  good  schools  and  is  ready  to  pay  the  tax 
necessary  to  sustain  them.  He  has  five  sisters  and  four 
brothers.  Mr.  Erickson  has  never  seen  fit  to  embark 
on  the  matrimonial  sea  and  is  now  enjoying  the  con- 
tentment and  happiness  of  bacholor  life. 


ORIE  W.  CLICK.  One  of  the  men  who  has  re- 
cently come  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  who  is  now  do- 
ing a  commendable  work  in  bringing  the  county  to 
a  still  higher  state  of  development,  is  named  at  the 
head  of  this  article,  and  he  is  worthy  of  representation 
in  the  history  of  this  county  as  he  is  a  man  of  industry 
and  energy,  capable  and  upright  and  has  manifested 
himself  as  a  successful  operator  in  the  industrial  world, 
having  now  a  fine  saw  mill  plant  two  miles  southeast 
from  Winchester.  Mr.  Click  was  born  in  Montgom- 
ery county,  Indiana,  on  June  I,  1871,  being  the  son  of 
Jonathan  "M.  and  Luanda  (Cox)  Click.  The  father 
is  a  saw  mill  man,  born  in  Virginia,  in  1841,  now  liv- 


ERICK  ERICKSON. 


ANDREW  J.  ERICKSON 


ORIE  W.  CLICK. 


GEORGE  G.  STEVEN 


DeWITT  STEVENS. 


COURTNEY  W.  MEEK. 


CHARLES  S.  PUNTENNEY. 


ERICK  HENDRICKSON 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


321 


ing  in  Missouri.  His  parents  were  pioneers  in  In- 
diana. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky, in  1846,  and  now  resides  in  Missouri.  The 
family  came  to  Vernon  county,  Missouri,  when  Orie 
was  eleven  years  of  age.  He  was  educated  there,  com- 
pleting his  training  by  a  good  business  training  in  a 
commercial  college.  He  wrought  with  his  father  and 
gained  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  lumber  business 
in  all  its  departments,  as  well  as  becoming  a  thorough 
machinist  and  engineer,  thus  being  admirably  fitted 
for  the  labors  he  is  now  prosecuting.  At  the  time  of 
his  majority,  he  came  to  the  west,  landing  near  Mos- 
cow, where  he  operated  an  engine  for  a  year.  He  re- 
turned then  to  Missouri  and  engaged  in  the  saw  mill 
and  lumber  business,  continuing  there  until  1900.  In 
that  year,  he  came  to  Nez  Ferces  county  and  located 
where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time.  He  had  as  part- 
ners, Palmer  and  Hunter,  but  he  bought  these 
men  out  later  and  took  as  partner,  Mr.  Cope,  with 
whom  he  is  laboring  now.  They  have  a  fine  mill,  do 
first  class  work,  and  are  building  up  a  good  trade. 

On  October  25,  1894,  in  Vernon  county,  Mis- 
souri, Mr.  Click  married  Miss  Betsey  A.,  daughter  of 
J.  M.  and  Elizabeth  M.  (Ellis)  Se'ybold.  Mr.  Sey- 
bold  was  a  native  of  Missouri,  but  is  now  dead.  Hon. 
J.  D.  Ellis,  representative  to  the  state  legislature,  is 
.  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Click.  Mrs.  Click  has  one  brother, 
William,  in  Winchester.  Mr.  Click  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,  Quincy  R.  and  Icy  L.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Click  have  been  blessed  by  the  advent  of  three  chil- 
dren, Wellington  B.,  Marion  C,  and  Wardin  C.  Mr. 
Click  is  a  warm  advocate  of  good  educational  facili- 
ties and  thus  believes  that  the  morals  of  all  will  be 
brought  to  a  higher  plain.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  ac- 
tive in  political  matters.  Mrs.  Click's  father  was  a  sol- 
dier in  the  Civil  war,  serving  the  entire  time  of  the  con- 
flict. Mr.  Click  and  his  wife  are  both  members  of  the 
German  Baptist  church  and  are  substantial  people, 
highly  esteemed  and  of  good  standing. 


GEORGE  G.  STEVENS.  A  promoter  of  the 
industrial  development  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  a 
man  of  enterprise  and  intelligence,  the  subject  of  this 
article  is  worthy  of  representation  in  the  history  of 
his  county,  being  also  a  man  of  integrity  and  excellent 
standing  among  his  fellows. 

George  G.  Stevens  was  born  in  Illinois,  on  Octo- 
ber II,  1869.  being  the  son  of  George  W.  and  Lydia 
E.  (Dillingham)  Stevens,  natives  respectively'  of 
Washington  county.  Tennessee,  and  North  Carolina. 
He  came  to  the  coast  with  the  family  and  settled  on 
his  father's  ranch  near  Moscow.  At  the  acquisition 
of  his  majority  he  went  to  Palouse  City  and  engaged 
in  a  flour  mill'for  two  years.  Then  he  returned  to  the 
farm  for  a  year  and  after  that  operated  a  binder  until 
1898,  which  was  the  date  of  his  advent  to  this  sec- 
tion. He  purchased  the  relinquishment  of  a  settler 
and  filed  on  his  present  place  at  the  Star  mills,  which 
he  erected  and  has  been  operating  since.  The  mill  has 
an  output  capacity  of  twenty-five  thousand  feet  per 


day.  He  has  it  equipped  with  fine  Russell  saws  and 
Goodell  &  Waters  planer,  with  all  modern  machinery 
for  the  manufacture  of  timber  products,  and  the  sup- 
ply on  his  farm  with  that  of  forty  acres  owned  by  his 
father  will  keep  the  mill  in  operation  for  ten  years. 

On  October  10,  1896,  Mr.  Stevens  married  Miss 
Marie,  daughter  of  John  and  Francis  Waklher,  natives 
of  Germany.  Mrs.  Stevens'  mother  died  when  she 
was  two  years  old  and  the  father  married  a  sister  of 
his  former  wife.  Mr.  Stevens  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of 
W.  Lookout  Camp,  No.  607.  Mr.  Stevens  has  erected  a 
story  and  one  half  residence  with  modern  improve- 
ments, which  is  the  family  home,  and  his  place  mani- 
fests much  labor  and  excellent  skill  in  all  its  improve- 
ments. He  is  a  Republican  and  takes  the  part  of  a 
good  citizen  in  these  matters.  Mr.  Stevens  is  deserv- 
ing of  much  credit  for  the  manner  in  which  he  has 
labored  for  the  upbuilding  of  this  country  and  he  is 
one  of  the  potent  factors  in  its  advancement  and  is 
a  progressive  man. 


DEWITT  STEVENS  is  assistant  manager  and 
engineer  in  the  Star  mills,  two  miles  southeast  from 
Lookout.  He  has  demonstrated  himself  a  man  of  abil- 
ity and  integrity  and  is  one  of  the  foremost  men  in 
trie  development  of  the  country  and  labors  for  its 
progress. 

DeWitt  Stevens  was  born  in  Tennessee  on  Decem- 
ber 30,  1859,  being  the  son  of  George  W.  and  Lydia 
E.  (Dillingham)  Stevens,  mention  of  whom  is  made 
in  this  work.  He  grew  up  with  his  parents,  receiv- 
ing a  common  schooling,  which  was  completed  in  the 
State  Normal  at  Fort  Scott,  Kansas.  Soon  after  the 
family  came  from  Kansas  to  this  country.  DeWitt  fol- 
lowed and  he  has  been  associated  with  his  parents  and 
brothers  in  business  more  or  less  since  that  time.  He 
operated  in  sawmills  with  his  brother  George,  and 
then,  in  1893-4  opened  in  the  furniture  and  undertak- 
ing business  in  Moscow.  A  fire  destroyed  their  pro- 
perty and  but  slight  insurance  recompensed  them,  so 
it  was  almost  a  total  loss.  Then  we  find  Mr.  Stevens 
associated  with  Mr.  McCarty  in  the  flour  and  feed 
business  under  the  firm  name  of  Stevens  &  McCarty. 
Later  he  sold  his  business  and  came  to  take  part  in 
the  sawmill  business  with  his  brothers,  George. 

On  April  6,  1890,  Mr.  Stevens  married  Miss  Ida  E. 
daughter  of  Henry  J.  and  Mary  (Ertle)  Fry,  natives 
of  Germany.  The  father  was  a  prominent'  business 
man  in  Moscow  but  is  now  deceased.  Mrs.  Stevens 
has  two  sisters,  Elmina  Fry,  treasurer  of  Latah  coun- 
ty, and  Emma,  wife  of  George  Steward,  of  Moscow. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stevens  there  have  been  born  the 
following  children.  Ray,  Fred,  Paul,  Jesse,  Ruth.  Ha- 
zel, deceased,  and  Esther.  James  F.  Stevens,  a  brother 
of  our  subject,  was  born  in  Tennessee  and  grew  up  in 
the  various  places  where  the  family  lived  and  two 
years  after  the  family  came  to  the  coast  he  came  also. 
He  returned  to  Georgia  and  two  years  after  that  came 
back  to  Whitman  county,  Washington.  He  operated 
as  section  foreman  until  he  was  crippled  by  moving 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


cars  and  then  upon  recovery  he  worked  in  Moscow. 
Finally,  he  went  to  Coos  county,  Oregon,  and  took  a 
claim  where  he  dwells  at  the  present  time,  devoting 
his  attention  to  his  farm  and  the  duties  of  a  Dunkard 
preacher.  lie  was  married  in  Atlanta,  Georgia,  to 
Rhoda  E.  Guillen.  They  have  six  children.  We  de- 
sire to  add  that  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  worthy  men  of  this  section  and  stands 
well  with  his  fellows,'  being  a  man  of  enterprise,  wis- 
dom and  integrity. 


COURTNEY  WALKER  MEEK,  deceased.  One 
mile  and  one  half  west  from  Fletcher  is  the  home 
allotment  where  the  widow  and  descendants  of  the 
subject  of  this  article  resides,  and  which  was  also  the 
home  of  Mr.  Meek  before  his  death.  His  name  is 
known  all  over  the  northwest,  not  only  on  account  of 
the  prowess  of  his  father  but  also  because  of  his  own 
activities,  achivements,  and  personal  worth.  He 
was  a  man  of  fine  appearance,  strong  intellectual 
powers,  well  versed  in  law  and  history  and  in  every 
respect  a  public  minded  and  patriotic  citizen.  He  did 
pioneer  work  all  over  the  northwest,  fought  the  warring 
Indians,  and  as  occasion  provided  settled  down  to 
producing  the  fruits  of  the  field. 

Courtney  W.  Meek  was  born  in  Idaho  when  it 
was  a  .part  of  Oregon  territory,  on  December  7,  1838, 
and  his  death  occurred  on"  May  13,  1896,  being 
drowned  in  the  Willamette  river.  His  parents  were 
the  well  known  historical  characters  of  Joseph  L.  and 
Virginia  Meek,  of  whom  especial  mention  is  made  in 
another  portion  of  this  work.  Our  subject  was 
brought  up  at  Hillsboro  and  attended  the  district  school 
as  well  as  the  Indian  school,  which  was  located  where 
part  of  the  Forest  Grove  institution  is  now  situated. 
Mr.  Meek  was  seventeen  years  old  when  the  Indian 
war  of  1855  broke  out  and  he  and  his  father  fought 
with  Captains  Layton  and  Goff.  Our  subject  endured 
al  the  hardships  and  dangers  incident  to  such  a  posi- 
tion and  was  also  with  Colonel  Steptoe  at  the  Medical 
Lake  fight.  During  the  Civil  war  he  enlisted,  being 
in  Captain  E.  Palmer's  Company  B  of  the  Oregon 
First  Regiment  of  Infantry,  the  date  of  taking  his 
place  being  December,  1864.  On  December  26,  he  was 
promoted  as  Corporal  and  saw  service,  against  the 
Indians.  He  was  discharged  at  Vancouver  on  July 
23,  1866.  Following  this  he  farmed  in  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  took  a  prominent  part  in  developing 
the  country  and  held  county  offices.  In  1895  he  sold 
out  and  came- to  his  allotments  and  did  considerable 
labor  in  locating  settlers. 

On  September  24,  1878,  Mr.  Meek  married  Miss 
Aclell,  daughter  of  George  and  Eliza  (Cathleen) 
Newton,  natives  of  New  York,  and  died  in  1884  and 
1896.  respectively.  Mrs.  Meek  was  born  in  Wiscon- 
sin, on  July  7,  1851.  She  has  two  sisters  and  one 
brother,  Sarah,  Eliza,  Clark.  The  children  born  to 
this  marriage  were  Josephine  and  George  Newton, 
both  deceased,  Leonora  E.,  and  Cella  W.  Mrs. 
Meek  has  shown  remarkable  fortitude  and  business 


skill  since  the  death  of  her  husband.  She  has  con- 
ducted the  business,  has  improved  the  land,  erected 
good  buildings,  has  a  large  barn,  a  fine  eight-room 
house  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  residents  of  the 
region.  Mr.  Meek  was  a  member  of  the  Pioneers' 
Association  of  Portland,  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  of  the 
Good  Templars. 


CHARLES  S.  PUNTENNEY  is  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  vicinity  of  Lookout,  Nez  Perces  county, 
having  a  general  merchandise  store  and  a  hardware 
establishment  there.  He  was  virtually  the  founder  of 
the  business  industries  of  the  place,  although  the  name 
had  been  given  when  he  came  there.  He  is  a  native 
of  Parke  county,  Indiana,  being  born  on  September 
29,  1858,  the  son  of  James  N.  and  Mary  A.  (Hamlin) 
Puntenney.  The  father  was  also  born  in  Parke  county, 
Indiana,  on  August  3,  1831,  and  still  lives  in  Butler, 
Illinois,  where  he  was  in  the  state  militia  at  the  close 
of  the  Civil  war.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Springfield,  Illinois,  in  1839,  and  her  father,  a 
Methodist  preacher,  was  a  native  of  England,  and 
followed  preaching  in  Illinois.  He  was  a  younger 
brother  of  Emmons  Hamlin,  the  famous  musical  in- 
strument manufacturer.  Mrs.  Scott,  the  mother  of 
Mrs.  Puntenney  was  of  Scotch  descent,  born  in  Ken- 
tucky and  a  relative  of  General  Winfield  Scott.  Our 
subject  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Illinois  while  an 
infant  and  the  father  settled  in  Montgomery  county, 
where  he  is  an  honored  citizen.  Charles  gained  his 
education  there  and  remained  at  home  until  twenty- 
one.  He  was  then  a  cowboy  over  southern  Colorado, 
freighted  and  labored  in  the  mines,  where  he 
did  well.  Later  he  returned  to  Butler  and  op- 
erated the  home  place  and  then  went  into  the 
drug  and  grocery  business  in  Butler.  For 
eight  years  he  continued  thus  and  was  prospered. 
In  1887,  he  sold  out  and  went  to  Paris,  Illinois,  tak- 
ing up  the  creamery  business.  After  this  we  see  him 
dealing  in  farm  implements  and  then  manufacturing 
a  patent  bed  spring,  in  which  he  prospered.  Selling 
out,  he  returned  to  Butler  and  went  into  the  mines. 
Afterwards  he  was  in  Connellville,  Pennsylvania,- 
operating  in  a  dry  goods  store  and  also  in  the  mines. 
In  March,  1891,  he  came  to  Boise  and  soon  thence  to 
Moscow.  In  this  last  town  he  remained  in  the  gro- 
cery business  until  he  sold  and  came  to  his  present 
location  in  1899.  Since  coming  here  he  has  done  a  i 
good  business  and  is  carrying  a  good  stock  in  his  gen- 
eral store  as  Well  as  in  the  hardware  department. 

On  November  28,  1897,  occurred  the  marriage  of 
Mr.  Puntenney  and  Miss  Ida,  daughter  of  Levi  and 
Maria  (Browning)  Smith,  in  Hood  River,  Oregon, 
while  she  was  visiting  her  sister  and  brother  there. 
The  father  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  mother  at 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  both  died  near  Dayton, 
Indiana.  Mrs.  Puntenney  was  born  in  Tippecanoe 
county,  Indiana,  on  July  20,  1858.  Mr.  Puntenney 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Lizeth  Roberts, 
in  Litchfield,  Illinois :  Minnie  E.,  teacher  for  years  in 
Normal  schools,  Sarah  E.,  deceased;  Laura  E.,  at 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


323 


home;  Lylah  A.  Reagan,  MI  Indiana.  Mr.  Puntenney 
is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  W.  of  W. 
His  wife  is  a  membec  of  the  Methodist  church.  Po- 
litically, Mr.  Puntenney  is  a  Prohibitionist  and  takes 
.an  intelligent  interest  in  the  affairs  of  government. 
His  grandfather  on  his  father's  side  was  a  veteran  of 
the  Mexican  and  Black  Hawk  wars.  Mrs.  Puntenney 
had  uncles  on  both  sides  in  the  Civil  war,  while  Mr. 
Puntenney's  uncle,  Munson  Hamlin,  fought  in  that 
awful  struggle  also. 


ER1CK  HENDRICKSON.  This  loyal  and  in- 
telligent citizen  is  one  of  the  men  whose  labors  have 
resulted  in  the  development  of  the  county  and  he  has 
done  good  work  in  the  vicinity  of  Lewiston  for  some 
time.  At  the  present  time  he  is  in  charge  of  Mr. 
Slasher's  farm  and  fruit  ranch  five  miles  east  from 
Lewiston. 

Mr.  Hendrickson  was  born  in  Sweden,  on 
September  22,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Hendrick  Hen- 
drickson, who  was  born  in  Sweden  on  March  12, 
1830,  and  is  still  a  farmer  in  his  native  land.  The 
mother  was  born  in  1829  and  died  in  1876,  while 
Erick  was  but  a  small  lad.  He  labored  diligently  on 
the  farm  with  his  father  and  secured  his  education 
from  the  schools  of  his  native  place  and  when  he  was 
twenty-two,  he  was  determined,  from  the  information 
he  had  read  of  the  United  States  and  its  opportunities, 
to  come  hither.  Accordingly,  .he  severed  the  ties  that 
bound  him  to  home  and  native  land,  bade  his  kindred 
and  friends  farewell  and  came  to  New  York.  Thence 
he  made  his  way  to  Pomeroy,  Washington.  He 
harvested  the  first  year  and  then  leased  a  saw  mill, 
which  he  operated  one  year  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
after  which  he  came  to  Lewiston  and  went  to  work 
for  Mr.  Porter.  He  operated  the  engine  in  his  saw 
mill  and  attended  to  the  fruit  in  its  season.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  for  five  years  and  made  some  money. 
Next  we  see  him  operating  Mr.  Isaman's  fruit  ranch, 
and  in  1901,  he  took  charge  of  Mr.  Slasher's  fruit 
farm,  where  he  is  at  the  present  time.  Mr.  Hendrick- 
son is  skilled  in  the  care  of  orchards  and  makes  a 
fine  success  of  the  same. 

Mr.  Hendrickson  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  Carl,  in  Minnesota ;  Anders,  in  Sweden  ;  Marie 
in  Minnesota.  He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.,  a! 
Lewiston.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Hendrickson  is 
a  Republican  and  always  takes  the  proper  interest  in 
these  matters.  He  owned  some  land  near  Porter,  but 
sold  it  to  Mr.  Isaman.  Mr.  Hendrickson  is  an  intel- 
ligent and  industrious  man  and  enjoys  the  confidence 
of  all  who  know  him. 


ELMER  WEEKS.  Among  the  younger  men 
the  reservation  country  whose  labors  have  been  wor 
and  wisely  bestowed:  we  should  mention  the  sub] 
of  this  article,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  gr 
him  space  in  the  county  history. 


Elmer  Weeks  was  born  in  Nebraska  on  |une  27, 
1874,  being  the  son  of  George  and  Gertrude' (Tetly) 
Weeks,  natives  of  Norway,  but  immigrants  to  the 
United  States  when  young.  The  family  went  to  Clay 
county,  South  Dakota,  in  the  seventies  and  in  the  Cen- 
tennial year  they  all  journeyed  to  Moscow,  where  the 
parents  are  still  living.  They  have  had  eight  children  • 
Mrs.  Nellie  Madison,  deceased :  Elmer ;  Joseph  ;  Mrs. 
Clara  Clark ;  Granford,  deceased  ;  George  ;  Emma  M  • 
Alma  G.  In  1895  Mr.  Weeks  came  among  the  very 
first  and  secured  his  present  claim  on  the  reservation. 
It  lies  less  than  a  mile  southeast  from  Dublin  and  is 
well  improved,  thus  manifesting  the  industry  and  wis- 
dom of  the  owner. 

On  October  23,  1898,  Mr.  Weeks  was  married  to 
Miss  Elva,  daughter  of  James  and  Lucetta  Crawford. 
The  father  was  born  in  Daviess  county,  Indiana,  on 
January  30,  1841,  and  the  mother  was  born  in  Carroll 
county,  Indiana,  on  October  2,  1843.  He  was  raised 
in  Madison  county,  Iowa,  and  she  was  raised  in 
Guthrie  county,  Iowa.  In  1865  they  both  crossed  the 
plains  with  ox  teams  and  on  this  trip,  being  in  the 
same  train,  they  became  acquainted  and  were  married 
in  Marion  county,  Oregon,  after  the  trip.  The  jour- 
ney was  attended  with  considerable  danger  from  the 
Indians,  and  many  fights  with  them  occurred  on  the 
way,  some  of  the  immigrants  being  wounded.  They 
removed  to  Dayton.  Washington,  in  1873,  and  there 
in  1878,  March "i.  Mrs.  Weeks  was  born.  In  1891  the 
family  removed  to  Latah  county.  Ten  children  were 
in  thi's  family —Samuel  M.,  William  L..  Mary  B.,  de- 
ceased, Mrs.  Anna  L.  Haroke,  James  N.,  Mrs.  Elva 
Weeks,  Abner  A.,  Joseph  F.,  John  E.,  Celia  Flo.  Mrs. 
Crawford  died  on  April  26,  1898.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weeks,— Lester  E.,  born 
July  29,  1900;  Franklin  E.,  born  March  14,  1902. 


NATHANIEL  WILSON.  Among  the  very  first 

is  who  settled  on  the  reservation,  our  subject  has  the 

place  of  the  real  pioneer  in  this  section  and  as  such  we 
accord  him  space  in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county. 
On  November  19,  1895,  Mr.  Wilson  filed  on  his  present 
place,  two  miles  east  from  Ilo,  where  he  has  done  com- 
mendable labor  in  developing  the  country. 

Nathaniel  Wilson  was  born  in  Sullivan  county, 
Missouri,  on  October  u,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Enos 
and  Martha  (Norton)  Wilson.  The  father  was  born  in 

io  in   1824  and  now  lives  in  Elgin,  Oregon.     He 

ght  in  the  Civil  war,  was  a  pioneer  in  Red  Cloud, 
Nebraska,  when  there  was  not  a  house  in  sight  of  his 
dwelling.  The  mother  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1835 
and  died  in  1894.  The  family  removed  from  Missouri 
to  Webster  county,  Nebraska,  where  the  father  took 
land  and  farmed,  Nathaniel  then  being  seven  years  old. 
Our  subject  grew  to  young  manhood,  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  and  they  all  went  to 
Rollins  county,  Kansas.  After  that  he  went  to  do  for 
himself  and  was  in  that  state  and  in  Nebraska  until 
[889,  when  in  company  with  his  brother  Albert  he 
TOSSCC!  the  plains  with  wagons  and  settled  on  the  big 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Potlatch,  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Later  he  went  to 
Genesee  and  then  spent  a  year  in  the  Gem  mine  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country.  Then  Mr.  Wilson  visited  Cali- 
fornia, after  which  we  see  him  in  Nez  Perces  county, 
again  living  near  Genesee.  In  the  fall  of  1895,  as  stated 
above,  he  came  to  the  opening  of  the  reservation  and 
selected  his  present  place.  He  has  done  diversified 
farming  business  since  that  time,  and  also  devotes 
much  attention  to  raising  stock.  He  has  some  excel- 
lent draft  horses,  the  lightest  one  weighing  fourteen 
hundred  pounds.  Mr.  Wilson  also  has  some  fine  hogs. 
His  brothers  and  sisters  are  named  as  follows: 
Malhalia,  Esther,  James  M.,  Albert,  Harvey, 
Minnie  and  Edith  A.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  Ilo.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  is 

tion  at  Lewiston  honored  him  with  the  nomination  of 
county  commissioner  in  the  second  district.  He  has 
often  been  desired  to  take  the  position  of  school  trustee, 
but  refuses.  He  has  labored  for  good  schools  and  has 
donated  much  for  them.  Mr.  Wilson  has  never  left  the 
ranks  of  bachelorclom,  but  is  still  enjoying  its  quiet- 
ness. He  is  a  man  of  excellent  standing  and  has  both 
the  good  will  and  confidence  of  the  people. 


EDWARD  F.  ANDERSON  was  born  on  Febru- 
ary 17,  1851,  in  Union  county,  Georgia,  being  the  son 
of  Andy  and  Adaline  (Dicken)  Anderson,  natives  of 
Tennessee.  They  removed  to  Union  county,  Georgia, 
thence  to  Benton  county,  Arkansas,  and  in  1862  to 
Dade  county,  Missouri.  In  August,  1863,  Mr.  Ander- 
son enlisted  in  Company  F,  Second  Arkansas  Cavalry, 
and  continued  in  service  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  fought  in  many  battles  and  skirmishes.  When  he 
left  Arkansas  he  had  a  fine  farm  well  improved  and 
stocked.  Returning  at  the  close  of  the  war,  he  found 
all  improvements  destroyed  and -all  stock  stolen.  Our 
subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Arkansas  and  there,  on 
April  10.  1871,  he  married  Miss  Emma  Bozarth.  In 
1877  the  father  with  all  of  his  family,  three  sons  and 
one  daughter  married,  started  across  the  plains  with 
teams.  They  all,  with  the  exception  of  our  subject, 
who  stopped  at  Walla  Walla,  came  direct  to  Latah, 
Washington.  A  year  later  our  subject  came  to  Latah, 
took  land  and  farmed.  He  had  five  children  by  his 
first  wife:  John  Oliver,  married  to  Cora  Wright; 
Clarence  H.,  married  to  Grace  L.  Denny;  Benton  A., 
married  to  Grace  B.  Haggett ;  Minnie,  wife  of  Robert 
Dunham ;  Emma  L.,  at  home.  All  the  others  are  near 
Nezperce.  On  April  13,  1886,  Mrs.  Anderson  died. 
In  the  fall  of  1887  Air.  Anderson  returned  to  Arkansas 
and  married  Mrs.  Keturah  Cox,  on  March  25,  1888. 
They  immediately  came  to  Latah  county,  and  in  1894 
removed  to  Camas  prairie  and  when  the  reservation 
opened  up  Mr.  Anderson  located  his  present  place,  six 
miles  west  from  Nezperce.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  and  now  has  a  fine  place  well  improved.  Good 
buildings,  a  thrifty  young  orchard  and  other  evidences 
of  industry  and  goo'd  management  are  to  be  seen.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anderson  have  been  born  seven  children  • 


Francis  A.,  Zoe,  Irene,  Edna  F.,  Ethel  V.,  Edward  L., 
Thomas  A.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Anderson  has  one  son  by 
her  former  marriage,  Charles  H.  Cox.  Mrs.  Ander- 
son's parents  were  Hathaway  and  Nancy  (Hawkins) 

elsewhere  in  this  work.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anderson  are 
devout  members  of  the  Christian  church.  His  father 
died  at  Tekoa,  Washington,  in  August,  1900,  aged 
seventy-seven  and  the  mother  aged  the  same  is  living 
with  her  children.  The  father  was  a  member  of  the  G. 

A.  R.,  and  was  buried  by  that  order.    He  was  also  an 
elder  in  the  Christian  church  for  many  years.     Mrs. 
Anderson's  mother  is  a  sister  of  Senator  Hawkins,  of 
Alabama,   from  which  family  the  town  of  Hawkins- 
ville,  Alabama,  was  named.    Mrs.  Anderson  was  born 
in  Benton  county,  Arkansas,  on  October  27,  1866,  and 
there   remained' until   her   marriage.     Mr.   and   Mrs. 
Anderson  are  exemplary  citizens  and  have  the  esteem 
and  good  will  of  all  who  know  them  and  have  done 
much   for  the  material  and  moral  upbuilding  of  the   , 

JOHN  D.  GRAHAM.  This  gentleman  is  one  of 
the  heaviest  property  owners  in  the  town  of  Nezperce, 
a  man  of  substantial  qualities,  dominated  with  wisdom 
and  integrity  and  a  leader  among  his  fellows. 

John  D.  Graham  was  born  in  Missouri,  on  Septem- 
ber 27,  1847,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Harriet  L. 
( Duncan)  Graham,  natives  of  Holmes  county,  Ohio.    • 
The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  came  from     i 
Ireland  and  died  in  February,  1894,  aged  seventy-eight, 
while  his  maternal  grandparents  came  from  Pennsyl- 
vania and  died  in  1892.     When  John  was  five  years     I 
old  he  crossed  the  plains  with  his  parents   with  ox     . 
teams   and   they   located   in    Benton   county,    Oregon,     \ 
seven  miles  from  Corvallis.     Later  the  family  came     I 
to  The  Dalles  and  built  a  toll  bridge  across  the  Des   :| 
Chutes,     lohn  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and     j 
when   twenty-five  he   went  to  Klickitat   county  and  ]| 
raised  stock  for  twenty-nine  years.     It  was  1887  that     : 
he  came  to  Grangeville,  Idaho.     He  purchased  two  il 
hundred  and   forty  acres  and  raised  stock   until  the  jl 
reservation  opened  and  then  located  a  homestead  twc     , 
miles  from   Nezperce.     Mr.   Graham  owned  a  livery    II 
barn  here  until  recently,  has  a  fine  residence  in  the  il 
town,  nas  much  real  estate,  and  half  interest  in  the  jl 
mercantile  business  conducted  by  Mr.  Schultz ;  he  also  U 
owns   the    Nezperce   hotel   building   and   considerable 
other  property. 

Mr.   Graham  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters;   Robert   M.,  in    Bickleton,  Washington :  Thomas  {] 
B.,  in  Dayton,  Washington;  Maria  L.,  widow  of  H. 
South,   in   Prosser,   Washington ;   Frankie,   widow  of   ••  ' 

B.  F.  Morris,  at  Lewiston ;  Delia,  wife  of  Alec  O'Dell, 
in  Dayton,  Washington ;  Georgia,  wife  of  Logan  Mul- 
key ;  and  Mrs.  Mary  Bailey.    Mr.  Graham  is  a  member 
of  the  W.  W.,  Nezperce  Camp,  No.  445.    He  is  a  good, 
strong  Democrat  in  politics  and  has  held  school  of- 
fices for  twenty  years.    Mr.  Graham  and  his  wife  are  j 
members  of  the  Christian  church,  while  his  children 
affiliate  with  the  Baptist. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


325 


On  November  4,  1877,  Mr.  Graham  married  Mis 
Phoebe  A.,  daughter  of  David  and  Phoebe  (Pugh 
Story.  She  was  born  in  Hancock  county,  Illinois 
on  January  12,  1858,  and  came  with  her  parents  acros 
the  plains  with  ox  teams  in  1864.  Her  mother  died  in 


on  ,          , 

the  plains  with  ox  teams  in  1864.  Her  mother  died  in 
1869,  and  was  born  in  1826,  being  a  native  of  Indi- 
ana. Mrs.  Graham's  father  was  born  in  Alabama  and 
is  still  living,  aged  eighty-four.  Mrs.  Graham  has 
two  brothers  and  three  sisters,  Caleb,  a  farmer  in 
Goldendale,  Washington;  David  M.,  a  school  teacher 
in  Grangeville;  Sarah,  wife  of  D.  Jordan,  in  Colum- 
bus, Washington;  Mary,  wife  of  T.  L.  Masters,  at 
Goldendale,  Washington;  Patsey  E.,  wife  of  A.  Car- 
lyle,  at  Republic,  Washington.  Eight  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  Graham  and  his  estimable  wife  :  Will- 
iam F..  Bessie  D.,  wife  of  Ollie  Waechter,  Everett, 
Washington  ;  Edna  L.,  wife  of  B.  L.  Schultz,  a  mer- 
chant of  Nezperce;  five  deceased.  Mr.  Graham  is  a 
genial  and  affable  gentleman  and  has  the  good  will  of 
all  who  know  him  ;  he  and  his  wife  are  leading  mem- 
bers of  society. 


FRANCIS  F.  POMEROY.  Kamiah's  list  of  busi- 
ness men  was  materially  strengthened  when  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  located  there  in  1899.  He  opened  a 
hotel  which  is  one  of  the  excellent  places  for  enter- 
tainment in  the  county,  and  which  Mr.  Pomeroy  con- 
ducts with  skill  and  wisdom  that  have  brought  him  a 
good  patronage. 

Francis  F.  Pomeroy  was  born  in  Oregon,  on  April 
24,  1849,  being  the  son 'of  Francis  F.  and  Mary  (Kitch- 
en) Pomeroy,  natives  of  New  York  and  Missouri,  re- 
spectively. The  father  came  to  Oregon  in  1845.  In 
1848,  wliile  packing  to  Feather  river  camps  in  Cali- 
fornia, he  was  murdered  by  two  men  who  joined  his 
train  to  travel  with  it.  The  murderers  killed  Mr.  Pom- 
eroy and  two  helpers,  robbed  their  bodies  and  the 
train  and  made  off,  but  owing  to  the  vigilance  of  of- 
ficers, they  were  caught  and  executed.  The  place  of 
their  execution  was  called  Hangtown  on  account  of 
this  episode.  The  mother  of  our  subject  came  to 
Oregon  overland  with  her  husband.  When  Francis 
was  six  years  old  his  mother  died  and  he  went  to  live 
with  his  uncle,  Benjamin  Kitchen.  When  fourteen  he 
went  to  Douglas  county  to  mine  and  spent  four  years 
in  that  labor,  after  which  he  returned  to  Washington 
county.  He  bought  his  father's  old  donation  claim 
from  the  other  heirs  and  farmed  it  until  1899,  then 
sold  out  and  came  to  his  present  place.  Mr.  Pomeroy 
is  a  member  of  the  Native  Sons  of  Oregon,  also  of 
the  Maccabees,  being  chaplain  of  Tent  No.  10,  in  Ka- 
miah.  Mr.  Pomeroy  has  two  sisters,  Lydia,  wife  of 
Kenyon  Crandall,  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Port- 
land ;  Welthea,  wife  of  Edwin  Ford,  operating  a  .can- 
nery at  Astoria. 

On  September  2,  1867,  Mr.  Pomeroy  married  Miss 
Rebecca,  daughter  of  Noa  and  Lydia  (Garwood) 
Jobe,  pioneers  from  Missouri.  They  made  the  trip 
to  Oregon  with  ox  teams  overland  and  Mr.  Jobe 
fought  in  the  Cayuse  Indian  war  nearly  two  years.  He 
is  still  living  but  his  wife  is  dead.  Mrs.  Pomeroy  was 


married  in  Hillsboro,  and  to  this  union  there  have 
been  born  six  children :  Ida,  wife  of  William  Ryan,  a 
grocer  in  Portland;  Lulu,  wife  of  William  Po'litz,  a 
grocer  in  Portland;  Edgar,  at  Lapwai;  John,  a  mer- 
chant at  Kamiah;  Nellie,  at  school;  Charles,  in  Nez- 
perce. Politically,  Mr.  Pomeroy  is  a  Democrat  and 
has  frequently  been  delegate  to  the  conventions.  He 
believes  in  excellent  schools  and  labors  hard  for  them. 
Mr.  Pomeroy  gave  each  of  his  children  a  good  educa- 
tion and  he  is  one  of  the  progressive  and  enterprising 
men  of  the  town. 


JOHN  G.  LENZ,  M.  D.  This  popular  and  tal- 
ented young  physician  is  a  graduate  of  the  Chicago 
Homeopathic  College,  having  taken  an  exceptionally 
thorough  course,  since  he  studied  for  this  end  some 
years  previous,  and  also  having  shown  his  erudition 
and  ability  both  in  the  state  examination  of  Idaho  as 
well  as  in  his  extensive  and  constantly  increasing  prac- 
tice since  coming  to  Ilo.  He  is  now  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  town  and  is  operating  a  nice  drug 
business  in  addition  to  his  practice. 

John  G.  Lenz  was  born  in  Rock  Island  county, 
Illinois,  on  July  17,  187=;,  being  the  son  of  Nicholas 
and  Cynthia  A.  (Strubble)  Lenz.  The  father  was 
born  in  Germany  in  1845  arid  died  in  1893.  He  came 
to  the  United  States  with  his  parents  in  1857.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1849  and  1S  now  h'vmg  in  Nez  Perces  county,  having 
come  here  in  an  early  day.  Our  subject  lived  in  Illi- 
nois until  fifteen,  when  the  family  went  to  Nodaway 
county,  Missouri,  settling  near  Marysville.  A 
year  and  one  half  later  the  mother  came  west, 
settling  in  this  county.  John  G.  went  to  a 
business  college  and  then  took  a  course  pre- 
paratory to  his  medical  course  in  the  state 
university  ol  Iowa.  We  next  see  him  in  the  Chicago 
Homeopathic  Medical  College,  whence  he  graduated 
with  honors.  He  came  west  and  selected  Ilo  as  the 
point  for  settlement.  Ilo  was  then  only  thought  of,  but 
the  aggressiveness  and  farsightedness  of  the  Doctor 
was  put  into  play  and  he,  with  Mr.  Leggett,  who  is 
mentioned  in  the  work  elsewhere,  established  the  town. 
They  erected  the  building  where  Mr.  Leggett  is  now 
and  then  the  Doctor  built  his  drug  store  and  the  town 
was  launched  and  has  shown  itself  a  worthy  child. 

In  Iowa  City,  on  Tune  8,  1897,  Doctor  Lenz  married 
Miss  Ada  M.,  'daughter  of  William  T.  and  Lydia  F. 
(Heil)  Scheib.  The  name  used  to  be  Scheibe'l.  Mr. 
Scheib  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1840,  was  a  mer- 
chant and  farmer  and  had  devoted  many  years  to  the 
work  of  the  educator.  He  served  in  the  Civil  war,  in 
Company  H,  Sixteenth  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry.  He 
was  wounded  in  the  wrist  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh  and 
also  in  the  head  at  Island  No.  Ten.  Following  this  he 
was  discharged  and  now  draws  a  pension.  Mrs. 
Scheib  was  born  in  Iowa,  in  October,  1854.  Both  are 
living.  Mrs.  Lenz  was  born  in  Jackson  county,  Iowa, 
on  July  12,  1875.  She  received  a  good  education  from 
the  state  university  and  also  took  a  course  of  training  as 
nurse.  She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters : 


326 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Jennie,  deceased;  Bessie;  Bernice,  deceased;  Harry; 
Nellie ;  Lersy ;  and  Herman,  deceased.  Dr.  Lenz  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters :  Mary,  deceased ;  Eliz- 
abeth ;  Elmer.  Dr.  Lenz  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.f  the  M.  W.  A.  and  the  Brotherhood  of  American 
Yeomen,  and  is  examiner  for  the  last  two  orders. 
Politically,  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Central  Congregational  church  in  Chicago.  He 
is  deeply  interested  in  educational  progress  and  has 
always  been  a  liberal  contributor  for  general  improve- 
ment. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lenz  there  has  been  born  one 
child,  Camilla  S.  C.  She  was  born  on  September  7, 
1901,  and  died  on  September  21,  1901. 


JAMES  TURNER.  This  worthy  and  stanch  pio- 
neer of  many  sections  of  the  west  is  now  one  of  the  suc- 
cessful business  men  of  Kamiah.  handling  a  fruit,  con- 
fectionery and  refreshment  establishment  which  is  the 
recipient  of  a  good  patronage. 

James  Turner  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  November  4, 
1837,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Penning- 
ton)  Turner,  natives  of  Kentucky.  In  1852  the  entire 
family  came  across  the  plains  to  Linn  county,  Oregon, 
and  in  February,  1854,  our  subject  started  in  life  for 
himself.  He  mined  in  Shasta  county,  California,  and 
in  Jackson  county,  Oregon,  until  i8'6s,  also  taking  a 
trip  to  Idaho  in  '1862.  He  visited  Florence  City,  in 
1863  came  to  Idaho  City  and  for  three  years  he  was 
numbered  with  the  successful  placer  miners  of  that 
city.  Then  he  returned  to  Linn  county  and  in  1875  he 
moved  to  Whitman  county,  Washington.  Ten  years 
in  that  region  and  then  three  and  one-half  were  spent 
in  Spokane.  He  returned  to  Whitman  and  railroaded 
for  a  time  and  later  went  at  his  labor  of  mining  in  the 
Pierce  City  district.  Seven  years  were  spent  in  that 
labor  and  in  1900  Mr.  Turner  came  to  his  present 
place.  He  has  one  brother,  Henry  I.,  a  miner  in 
Shoshone  county,  and  three  sisters,  Melinda ;  Mary, 
wife  of  William  Rett,  a  stockman  of  Montana;  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Harry  Titman,  residing  at  Yaquina  bay, 
Oregon. 

In  February,  1866,  Mr.  Turner  married  Miss  Jane, 
daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Gohlson)  Naught. 
Mrs.  Turner  was  born  in  Iowa  in  1846  and  came  to 
Polk  county  across  the  plains  with  her  parents  in 
1853.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church  and  is 
a  woman  of  excellent  virtues.  To  this  union  there  have 
been  born  four  children,  William  A.,  with  his  parents ; 
Cora  D.,  wife  of  Henry  B.  Webber ;  Charles  E.  and  Ella 
M.,  with  parents. 

ROBERT  H.  RENSHAW.  Among  the  leading 
merchants  of  eastern  Nez  Perces  county  we  mention 
R.  H.  Renshaw,  who  is  one  of  the  partners  of  the  firm 
of  Renshaw  Brothers  &  Johnson,  which  does  a  general 

livery  stable  in  the  same  town.  In  both  lines  of  busi- 
ness they  are  reaping  the  reward  of  industry  and  wise 
business  methods,  being  favored  with  a  very  lucrative 


patronage,  which  is  handled  in  a  commendable  manner. 

Robert  H.  Renshaw  was  born  in  Lane  county, 
Oregon,  on  October  23,  1853,  being  the  son  of  Robert 
H.  and  Nancy  J.  (Sfowell)  Renshaw.  The  father  was 
born  in  Tennessee,  on  September  6,  1818,  near  Knox- 
ville.  He  crossed  the  plains  in  1851,  locating  six  miles 
south  from  Eugene,  where  he  fanned  until  his  death, 
on  April  4,  1883.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Tennessee,  on  July  27,  1824  and  is  now  living  with 
her  son  in  Spokane.  Her  parents  were  natives  of 
Virginia  and  descended  from  an  old  English  family 
of  note.  Robert  was  raised  and  educated  in  Oregon, 
completing  his  training  at  Forest  Grove  University, 
where  he  paid  his  expenses  by  his  own  efforts.  Three 
years  were  then  spent  in  Washington,  three  more  in 
Oregon  and  four  in  Modoc  county,  California,  various 
employments  engaging  him.  Then  a  trip  was  taken  to 
Montana  and  mining  was  his  labor  until  1889.  Thence 
he  went  to  Washington  and  filed  on  a  homestead  in 
Stevens  county,  where  he  farmed  and  did  dairying  un- 
til 1900,  at  that  time  selling  twenty-five  cows  and  three 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land.  He  came  to  Kamiah 
and  bought  the  interest  of  C.  J.  Lester  in  the  mercan- 
tile establishment  of  Renshaw  &  Lester.  The  firm 
style  changed  to  Renshaw  Brothers  &  Johnson. 
Mr.  Renshaw  has  five  brothers  and  one  sister,  Baxter, 
a  paint  and  oil  man  in  Spokane ;  Moses  A.,  a  dairyman 
in  Spokane  ;  John  D.,  a  large  stockman  in  Stevens  coun- 
ty, Washington ;  Henry,  partner  of  our  subject ;  Har- 
vey H.,  farmer  on  Camas  prairie ;  Bell,  wife  of  E.  Kin- 
near,  a  merchant  in  Rossland,  British  Columbia.  Mr. 
Renshaw  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Clearwater 
Lodge,  No.  68.  at  Kamiah;  and  of  the  Maccabees. 
Kamiah  Tent,  No.  10.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  interested 
in  good  government. 

On  February  28,  1884,  in  Modoc  county.  Califor- 
nia, Mr.  Renshaw  married  Miss  Laura,  daughter  of 
M.  and  Harriet  (Briggs)  Thacker,  natives  of  Spain 
and  New  York,  respectively.  The  father  is  deceased 
and  the  mother  lives  with  her  son,  Stephen  D..  fruit 
grower  at  Payette,  Idaho.  Five  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Renshaw,  John  H.,  George  W., 
Winnie  W.,  Emera  H.  and  Helen. 


GODFREY  JARBO.  This  enterprising  gentleman 
is  operating  a  successful  and  popular  livery  stable  in 
Kamiah  in  connection  with  Renshaw  Brothers  & 
Johnson.  The  barn  is  a  commodious  structure,  is  fit- 
ted with  all  the  conveniences,  is  stocked  with  excellent 
horses  and  fine  new  vehicles,  and  the  entire  business  is 
one  of  the  largest  on  the  reservation.  Mr.  Jarbo  gives 
his  personal  attention  to  its  management  and  is  a 
skillful  horseman. 

Godfrey  Jarbo  was  born  in  Canada  on  November 
19,  1868,  being  the  son  of  Layon  and  Eliza  (Bushaw) 
Jarbo.  The  father  is  now  a  retired  farmer  in  North 
Dakota,  but  the  mother  is  deceased.  Godfrey  came  to 
North  Dakota  with  his  parents  when  a  small  boy  and 
was  there  reared  and  educated.  He  learned  the  butcher 
business  when  young  and  before  he  was  twenty-one 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  was  in  business  with  his  brother,  and  they  conducted 
a  first  class  butcher  shop  in  Ardoch,  North  Dakota, 
until  1900.  Then  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Kamiah  and 
opened  a  livery  stable  which,  however,  he  soon  sold  and 
then  entered  his  present  partnership. 

Mr.  Jarbo  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  Camp  No. 
61,  at  Kamiah,  and  also  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
at  Kamiah.  Politically,  Mr.  Jarbo  is  a  Democrat. 


WILLIAM  P.  HOLLIDAY.  In  at  least  three 
distinct  lines  of  endeavor  has  the  subject  of  this  arti- 
cle been  a  successful  laborer  and  in  them  all  he  has  dem- 
onstrated his  adaptability  and  also  his  integrity  and 
worthy  manhood. 

William  P.  Holliday  was  born  in  Pike  county, 
Missouri,  on  August  4,  1833,  being  the  son  of  Dr. 
George  R.  and  Sarah  T.  (McMahill)  Holliday,  natives 
of  Kentucky  and  Illinois,  respectively.  The  father  was 
born  in  1815  and  died  in  1898.  He  went  to  Pike  coun- 
ty in  1825  and  was  a  pioneer  in  Monroe  county,  Iowa, 
when  it  was  a  territory.  Mrs.  Holliday  was  born  in 
1819  and  died  in  1902.  Her  parents  settled  among  the 
very  first  white  people  in  Warren  county,  Illinois.  Our 
subject  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Warren  county 
when  he  was  two  ve'ars  old,  then  to  Monroe  county, 
Iowa,  when  he  was  nine  years  old.  There  he  grew  to 
manhood  and  received  his  literary  education  and  then 
attended  the  medical  college  in  Keokuk,  Iowa.  In 
1856  he  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Iowa, 
continuing  there  until  1861.  Then  came  a  move  to 
Warren  county,  where  he  continued  for  two  years. 
There  he  was  enrolled  in  the  militia,  but  was  never 
called  into  action.  He  moved  to  Jasper  county  and  then 
Atchison  county,  Missouri.  In  1880  he  moved  to 
Gordon,  Texas,  one  hundred  miles  west  from  Dallas. 
He  followed  his  profession  there  and  in  1881  he  was 
ordained  a  minister  of  the  Church  of  Christ.  He 
preached  and  practiced  medicine  and  the  following 
year  went  to  the  Choctow  Indians  and  did  evangelistic 
labor  for  five  years.  He  visited  in  his  old  home  in 
Illinois  after  this  and  then  came  to  Garfield  county, 
Washington.  He  had  continued  his  profession  all 
the  time  and  was  also  active  in  the  ministry.  1880 
marks  the  date  of  the  western  trip  and  later  he  dwelt 
on  Bear  ridge.  Latah  county,  in  Douglas  county,  Ore- 
gon, then  again  on  the  Bear  ridge,  and  in  1896,  Dr. 
Holliday  came  to  his  present  place,  two  miles  southwest 
from  Kippen.  Since  coming  here  he  has  been  active  as 
a  physician,  has  handled  his  farm  and  also  proclaimed 
the  gospel  continuously.  He  is  now  the  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Ilo  and  is  regularly  heard  in  the  gospel 
each  week. 

In  Pike  county,  in  November,  1855,  Dr.  Holliday 
married  Miss  Mildred,  daughter  of  Bennett  Xalley.  a 
school  teacher  and  native  of  Virginia.  He  was  a  sol- 
dier in  the  Mexican  war.  Mrs.  Holliday  was  born  in 
Pike  county  in  1833  and  her  brother,"  Tohn  Nalley, 
still  lives  there.  Dr.  Holliday  has  brothers  and  sis- 
ters named  as  follows:  Americus  C,  and  Benton  A., 
both  in  Sullivan  county,  Missouri :  Dr.  Samuel  X.,  in 


Oklahoma;  Dr.  Milton  J.,  in  Taney  county,  Missouri 
Joseph  M.,  in  Kansas  ;  Susan  R.  Garnett^  in  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas.  The  following  named  children  hav 
been  born  to  the  Doctor  and  his  worthy  companion: 


,  ., 

J.  Richardson,  at  Lookout;  Mildred  A.  Perry,  in  Cali- 
fornia. Dr.  Holliday  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  or- 
der. He  is  an  active  Democrat  and  is  an  influential 
figure  in  the  campaigns,  being  an  enthusiastic  and  pow- 
erful orator.  He  has  always  labored  for  his  friends' 
promotion  in  office  but  has  steadily  refused  this  for 
himself.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  state  convention 
in  Idaho  and  has  always  been  in  the  county  convention, 
being  now  committeeman.  He  was  the  first  president 
of  the  Nez  Perces  county  Pioneer  Association,  and  has 
recently  been  again  elected  to  that  position. 


JOHN  F.  POMEROY.  No  list  of  the  business 
men  of  the  reservation  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county 
would  be  complete  without  a  prominent  mention  of  the 
esteemed  gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  para- 
graph. Mr.  Pomeroy  was  proprietor  and  operator  of 
the  livery  stable  in  Kamiah  which  he  recently  sold  out 
and  is  now  proprietor  of  a  general  store  where  he  has 
displayed  good  ability  in  handling  his  business,  both 
in  securing  a  fine  patronage  and  in  conducting  it  in 
such  a  manner  that  it  is  a  financial  success.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  Mr.  Pomeroy  has  a  fine  ranch  of  eighty 
acres  adjoining  the  town,  which  is  principally  devoted 
to  raising  hay.  It  is  a  very  valuable  piece  of  land  and 
was  secured  by  him  through  homestead  right  when  the 
reservation  opened.  He  has  refused  three  thousand 
dollars  for  the  eighty. 

John  F.  Pomeroy  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Oregon,  on  June  2,  1873.  being  the  son  of  Frank  F. 
and  Rebecca  (Jobe)  Pomeroy,  natives  of  the  same 
county.  The  father  was  borri  in  1850.  His  parents 
crossed  the  plains  from  Illinois  in  1849,  locating  in 
Washington  county.  Shortly  afterwards  they  went  to 
California  and  there  were  murdered  in  a  mining  camp. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  descendant  of  early 
pioneers  from  Missouri,  and  her  father,  Noah  Jobe,  is 
still  living,  aged  seventy-seven.  Our  subject  was  ed- 
ucated in  Hillsboro,  Oregon,  and  remained  in  Wash- 
ington county  until  twenty,  at  which  time  he  went  to 
Idaho.  He  operated  a  ferry  on  the  Clearwater  for  a 
few  months  and  then  repaired  to  Grangeville,  where 
he  entered  the  lumber  business.  This  continued  to  oc- 
cupy him  until  the  reservation  opened  and  then  he 
went  to  the  homestead  spoken  of  and  in  1902  to  his 
present  business  in  Kamiah.  Mr.  Pomeroy  has  two 
brothers  and  three  sisters,  Edgar,  in  Lapwai ;  Charles, 
in  Oklahoma;  Ida,  wife  of  James  Ryan,  at  Portland; 
Lulu,  wife  of  William  Piilitz.  also  in'Portland;  Nellie, 
attending  the  University  at  Moscow. 

On  April  18,  1900'.  Mr.  Pomeroy  married  Miss 
Emma  F.,  daughter  of  Frank  and  Dora  (Spooner) 
Harning.  natives  of  Oregon  and  Pennsylvania,  re- 
spectively.  Mrs.  Pomeroy  was  born  in  Camas  prairie, 


328 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


on  April  29,  1882.  She  has  one  brother,  Edward,  a 
rancher  on  Camas  prairie.  Mr.  Pomeroy  is  a  member 
of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  Clearwater  Lodge.  No.  68,  at  Kamiah, 
and  is  past  noble  grand.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politi- 
cal matters,  though  not  especially  active;  is  justice 
of  the  peace,  registrar  of  votes  and  has  been  a  dele- 
gate to  the  convention.  Mr.  Pomeroy  is  a  descendant 
from  a  worthy  pioneer  family  and  his  ancestors  on 
both  sides  did  much  for  the  opening  up  of  the  western 
countries.  He  is  a  creditable  descendant  and  has  had 
his  share  in  this  same  work  and  now  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial, reliable,  and  respected  men  of  the  community. 


JAMES  S.  TYLER  is  one  of  the  careful  and  en- 
terprising merchants  of  Nez  Perces  county,  having  his 
store  at  this  time  at  Dublin,  where  he  is  the  recipient 
a  very  gratifying  patronage.  He  is  postmaster  at  that 
place  also  and  is  a  man  of  good  standing,  capable  and 
genial,  and  has  won  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the 
people. 

James  S.  Tyler  was  born  in  Johnson  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  June  8,  1868,  being  the  son  of  James  K.  and 
Jane  (Hocker)  Tyler.  The  family  is  one  of  the  old 
and  established  ones  of  Kentucky  and  they  have  al- 
ways been  prominent  and  influential  people.  Edward 
Tyler,  the  great-grandfather  of  our  subject,  kept  a 


the 


thought  of  and  he  laid  out  the  first  plat  there.  The 
grandson  of  that  gentleman  is  at  the  present  time 
mayor  of  that  thriving  city.  Henry  S.  Tyler,  another 
one  of  the  family,  was  one  of  the  wealthiest  and  most 
popular  men  in  Louisville.  The  father  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  1831  in  Jefferson  county,  Kentucky,  his 
father  being  born  in  the  same  county.  His  g'rand- 
father  was  the  man  who  came  to  Kentucky  with  Gen- 
eral Roger  Clark  and  thirteen  other  families  from  Vir- 
ginia and  settled,  and  later  he  laid  out  the  town  of 
Louisville.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of 
Missouri,  being  now  deceased,  and  her  ancestors  were 
natives  of  Kentucky  and  Virginia  for  generations 
back,  but  pioneers  to  Missouri  in  the  time  of  the  early 
settlement  of  that  state.  The  Tyler  genealogy  and 
history  have  been  compiled  and  the  work  is  in  press  to 
be  issued  in  two  volumes.  This  gives  the  lineage  back 
to  1604.  Mr.  Tyler  spent  most  of  six  years  aiding  in 
this  work.  The  father  of  James  took  up  land  in  John- 
son county,  Missouri,  when  a  young  man  and  there 
his  son  was  reared  and  received  his  education,  the 
rudiments  from  the  district  school;  but  later  being 
elected  county  treasurer,  the  father  moved  to  the  coun- 
ty seat,  Warrensburg,  and  then  James  graduated  from 
the  State  Normal  situated  there.  Immediately  follow- 
ing his  graduation  James  gave  himself  to  the  study  of 
telegraphy  and  for  fifteen  years  he  was  station  agent 
on  the  Northern  Pacific,  mostly  in  Montana.  Soon 
after  the  opening  of  the  reservation  he  came  to 
Fletcher  and  opened  a  general  store.  In  August,  1901, 
he  came  to  his  present  place  and  here  he  has  done  a 
fine  business  since. 

On  December  22,   1891,  Mr.  Tyler  married  Miss 


Olive,  daughter  of  Philetus  and  Esteline  (Mattoon) 
Campbell,  natives  of  Missouri.  She  was  born  near  St. 
Louis  and  when  fourteen  entered  the  normal  at  War- 
rensburg, from  which  institution  she  graduated.  She 
was  married  at  St.  Louis.  Mr.  Tyler  has  three  brothers 
.-.nd  one  sister :  Sterling  P.,  in  Warrensburg ;  Larkin, 
M.,  in  Kansas  City;  Elmer  H.,  in  Oklahoma;  Mallie, 
wife  of  W.  H.  Hickman,  a  prominent  merchant  in 
Warrensburg.  Mrs.  Tyler  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  Clarence,  in  St.  Louis;  Lucien  and 
Joseph,  in  Missouri ;  William,  in  Idaho ;  Mattie,  wife 
of  Edward  Webber,  in  Missouri ;  Elma,  wife  of  John 
H.  Wilson,  a  merchant  in  Warrensburg;  and  Kate, 
wife  of  Perry  Hanna,  a  merchant  in  Brookfield,  Mis- 
souri. Mr.  Tyler  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.,  Finney 
Camp,  No.  492,  having  filled  the  chairs.  He  is  a 
Democrat  in  political  matters  but  is  not  so  active  here, 
although  in  Montana  he  was  a  regular  attendant  upon 
the  conventions.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tyler  there  have 
been  born  four  children,  Arlee,  Moses,  Robert  and 
James. 


ABRAHAM  L.  STALEY.  A  man  with  courage 
enough  to  leap  the  narrow  bounds  of  partyism  and 
choose  for  himself  the  man  and  vote  for  him,  a  success- 
ful farmer  and  a  thoroughgoing  and  upright  man  in 
every  respect,  of  whom  his  neighbors  speak  well  and 
who  is  respected  wherever  he  is  known,  such  is  the 
gentleman  of  whom,  with  pleasure,  we  incorporate  an 
epitome. 

Abraham  L.  Staley  was  born  in  Shelby  county, 
Ohio,  on  April  4,  1861,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Julia  A.  (Babcock)  Staley.  The  father  was  a  farmer 

Spokane  county  in  1884  and  died  there  in  1896.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1835,  and  lives  in 
Spokane  county.  The  family  went  to  St.  Joseph  county, 
Indiana,  when  our  subject  was  nine  years  of  age  and  the 
father  operated  a  sawmill  there.  Three  years  later 
they  came  to  Richardson  county,  Nebraska,  and 
farmed  for  seven  years.  Abraham  here  grew  to  young 
manhood  and  received  his  education.  When  fourteen 
he  went  to  do  for  himself  and  when  eighteen  came  to 
Lehmi  county,  where  he  wrought  on  the  farms  as  he 
had  done  pre'viously.  In  1887  he  returned  to  Kansas, 
settling  in  Sheridan  county,  and  one  year  after  that  he 
came  again  to  Lemhi  county  and  took  a  ranch  and 
spent  one  year  there.  In  the  spring  of  1896  we  find 
Mr.  Staley  on  the  reservation  and  he  secured  one  of 
the  finest  pieces  of  government  land,  and  it  lies  about 
two  miles  east  from  Chesley.  This  has  been  tilled  to 
diversified  crops,  is  well  improved  and  the  family  home 
now.  Between  the  times  of  his  labor  in  Lemhi  county 
and  the  date  of  his  settlement  here,  Mr.  Staley  was  in 
Whitman  county  farming.  He  did  well  there  as  he  is 
doing  in  this  county. 

In  1882  Mr.  Staley  married  Miss  Clara  B,  daughter 
of  John  and  Mary  C.  Yearian,  natives  of  Ohio  and 
Illinois,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  railroad  man 
and  a  farmer  and  pioneer  in  Lemhi  county.  Mrs. 
Staley  was  born  in  Illinois,  in  1863,  and  has  one  brother 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  two  sisters,  Alpha,  in  Lemhi  county,  Idaho ;  Flora, 
in  Spokane  county;  Sarah,  in  Lemhi  county.  Mr. 
Staley  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters: 
Reuben,  in  Smith  county,  Kansas ;  Ezekiel  and  Jacob, 
in  Spokane  county;  Lydia,  in  Kansas;  Martha,  in 
Philips  county,  Ka'nsas;  Lillian,  in  Nebraska.  Seven 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Staley:  Elmer, 
Wilber,  Ira,  Alpha,  Minnie  B.,  Jennie,  and  an  infant 
still  unnamed.  Mr.  Staley  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W. 
A.  at  Kippen.  He  is  a  warm  advocate  of  substantial 
development,  progress  and  good  educational  facilities. 


CHARLES  J.  SHEPPARD.  It  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  a  review  of  the  career  of 
this  substantial  and  industrious  citizen  of  Nez  Perces 
county.  He  was  born  in  Fergus  Falls,  Minnesota,  on 
April  21,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Deastang  and  Louisa 
(McDonald)  Sheppard,  natives  respectively  of  New 
I'ork  and  Minnesota.  The  father  enlisted  in  the  Civil 
war  under  General  McClellan  and  fought  in  the  battles 
of  Waterloo,  Yorktown,  Bull  Run  and  many  skir- 
mishes. He  suffered  a  wound  in  the  foot  from  a  shell, 
languished  in  Libby  for  a  time  and  endured  all  the  hard- 
ships known  to  the  soldier's  life.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  was  honorably  discharged  and  returned  to  his 
home,  going  thence  to  Minnesota.  In  1878  the  family 
removed  to  Portland  and  the  father  went  to  carpenter- 
ing. Then  they  moved  to  Beaverton,  later  to  Yaquinna 
bay  and  lived  "in  Salem,  Albany,  Ashland,  and  other 
places.  We  next  see  our  subject  riding  the  range  out 
from  Prineville;  he  has  also  ridden  all  over  Grant, 
Harney,  Crook  and  Wasco  counties.  In  1895  he  went 
across  the  country  to  California  and  three  years  later, 
having  mined  and  prospected  there,  he  came  to  Ashland, 
Oregon,  by  horse  and  wagon.  In  August,  1898,  he 
came  to  Nezperce  and  engaged  in  farming.  Here  on 
October  21,  1901,  Mr.  Sheppard  married  Mrs.  Nannie 
Siler,  widow  of  the  late  Granville  Siler  and  daughter 
of  Fielding  and  Elizabeth  Fuller.  Mrs.  Sheppard  was 
born  in  Knox  county,  Kentucky,  and  came  with  her 
parents  to  Rosalia  in  1888.  She  married  Mr.  Siler 
and  to  them  were  born  three  children,  Martha  Wash- 
ington, Mary  Pearl  and  William  Lloyd.  Mr.  Siler 
located  his  present  home  in  1895  and  brought  the 
family  here  in  1896.  The  farm  is  a  fertile  one,  has  a 
good  six-room  house,  orchard  and  other  improvements 
and  is  now  handled  in  a  first-class  manner.  Mr.  Siler 
died  on  November  3,  1809.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shep- 
pard has  been  born  one  child,  Thresie  Marie.  Mrs. 
Sheppard's  prents  are  living  near  her  home.  She  and 
Mr.  Sheppard  are  active  members  of  the  Christian 
church  and  are  highly  respected  people  and  of  ex- 
cellent standing  in  the  community. 


DANIEL  BAKER.  The  enterprising  farmer. 
fruit  and  stock  raiser  of  whom  we  now  speak  is  one  of 
the  substantial  men  of  the  vicinity  of  Chesley,  and  has 
a  good  farm,  well  improved,  two  miles  east  from  that 


village.      He    took    the    land    from    the    wiklness    of 
nature's  regions  and  made  it,  by  his  labors,  a  good 

Daniel  Baker  was  born  in  St.  Joseph  county,  In- 
diana, on  June  5,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and 
Barnara  (Coble)  Baker.  The  father  was  born  in 
Virginia,  in  1819  and  died  in  1884.  He  was  a  pioneer 
in  Indiana,  practiced  medicine  there  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Dunkard  church.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  in  1824  and  is  still  living.  Daniel  grew 
to  the  age  of  fifteen  in  his  native  place  and  received 
there  his  education.  Then  the  family  removed  to  Gage 
county,  Nebraska,  where  they  lived  for  fourteen  years. 
When  seventeen,  he  went  to  work  for  himself  and  the 
next  year  rented  land  and  soon  thereafter  bought  land 
for  himself.  In  1887  he  went  to  Oregon  and  lived  for 
two  years,  traveling  all  over  the  state  in  exploration. 
Then  he  returned  to  Nebraska  and  lived  there  until 
1895,  in  which  year  he  journeyed  to  the  west  again, 
this  time  to  Vancouver,  Washington.  The  next  year 
he  came  to  the  reservation  and  on  May  27,  1897,  he 
selected  and  settled  upon  his  present  place.  Here  has 
been  the  family  home  and  the  scene  of  Mr.  Baker's 
labors  since  that  time. 

On  November  3,  1892,  in  Nebraska,  Mr.  Baker 
married  Flora  Knoedler,  daughter  of  George  and  Al- 
bina  Pitts,  natives  of  Ohio,  and  born  in  1844  and  1845, 
respectively.  Mr.  Baker  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  Sollis,  a  physician  in  Denver;  Cora  Cole- 
man,  in  Nebraska;  Walter,  in  Nez  Perces  county; 
Arthur,  in  Lincoln,  Nebraska;  Eva,  at  home.  The 
following  named  persons  are  brothers  and  sisters  of 
Mr.  Baker:  Jane  Morse,  in  Nebraska;  Susan  Cripe,  in 
Indiana:  Abram,  in  Nebraska;  Jacob,  in  Wisconsin; 
Sarah  Chenemann  and  Elizabeth  Wendall,  both  in  Ne- 
braska ;  Nevada  Brant,  in  British  Columbia.  Five  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union,  Alma,  Elsie,  Mabel, 
Scott  and  Edith.  Mrs.  Baker  has  one  son,  Alfred,  by 
her  former  marriage.  They  are  members  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  at  Lookout.  Mr.  Baker  is  a  Republican  and 
an  intelligent  advocate  of  those  principles.  He  is  for- 
ward in  all  endeavors  for  general  development  and  pro- 
gress and  especially  for  good  schools  and  good  roads. 


CURTIS  MILLER.  No  mention  of  the  business 
men  of  Nezperce  would  be  complete  without  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  having  a  prominent  place  in  it.  He 
is  a  man  of  integrity  and  excellent  practical  judgment 
and  possessed  of  sufficient  executive  force  to  give  ex- 
emplification to  his  good  business  ability,  which  have 
resulted  in  his  being  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  and  up-to-date  establishments  in  the  coun- 
ty. We  refer  to  the  model  livery  barns  that  are  oper- 
ated by  our  subject  and  his  brother. 

Tune  3,  1872,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Amanda 
V Redman)  Miller,  natives,  respectively,  of  Illinois  and 
Iowa.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Sprague.  Washington,  where  he  resided  for  twenty- 
two  years,  all  told.  When  fourteen  he,  in  company 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


with  his  two  brothers,  Norton  and  Perry,  rode  the 
range  for  five  years.  They  handled  the  I.  R.  band  of 
horses  and  other  stock.  Then  in  company  with  Nor- 
ton Mr.  Miller  rented  six  hundred  acres  of  good  farm 
land  six  miles  north  from  Sprague,  Washington. 
They  farmed  until  1893,  when  they  lost  all,  and  then 
our  subject  bought  a  small  stock  ranch  thirteen  miles 
northeast  from  Sprague.  He  continued  in  the  han- 
dling of  that  until  1901,  when  he  sold  out  and  embarked 
in  the  livery  business  in  Nezperce,  in  company  with 
his  brother 'Norton.  They  bought  the  barn,  doubled 
its  capacity  and  placed  in  it  all  the  modern  conven- 
iences to  the  business.  Twenty  head  of  horses  are 
not  too  many  to  handle  their  now  increasing  patron- 
age, and  their  horses  are  well  selected  and  excellent 
specimens,  while  all  the  rigs  are  new  and  fully  up  to 
date,  and  the  management  of  the  business  under  the 
skillful  hands  of  our  subject  has  grown  in  a  most 
gratifying  manner,  making  it  favorably  known  among 
the  traveling  public.  Mr.  Miller  also  makes  a  spe- 
cialty of  boarding  domestic  stock  and  his  stable  is 
patronized  in  a  liberal  manner  in  this  line.  We  can 
hardly  speak  too  commendably  of  the  excellent  equip- 
ment "and  skillful  manner  of  handling  their  business. 
There  is  no  better  bam  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
state  and  in  Lewiston  only  is  there  anything  that 
equals  it  in  size.  They  have  a  large  excursion  rig, 
the  finest  in  the  Clearwater  valley,  that  finds  popular 
favor  among  the  people  of  the  town. 

On  November  28!  1892,  Mr.  Miller  married  Miss 
Paulina  McGlade,  who  came  from  the  east  in  1887 
with  her  widowed  mother.  She  was  born  in  Iowa,  on 
April  29,  1873.  Mr.  Miller  has  two  brothers,  Norton 
B.,  his  partner;  Perry  E.,  a  furniture  dealer  in  the 
town,  and  one  sister,  Lettie,  wife  of  Charles  Bartlett, 
at  Fairfield,  Washington.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  member  of 
the  W.  W.,  Nezperce  Camp,  No.  447.  He  is  a  prom- 
inent citizen  of  excellent  standing,  whose  wisdom,  in- 
tegrity and  reliability  have  gained  for  him  a  very  envi- 
able prestige. 


NORTON  P..  MILLER.  This  enterprising  and 
well  known  business  man  of  Nezperce  is  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Miller  &  Miller,  which  operates  a  first- 
class  livery  stable  in  Nezperce.  Mr.  Miller  is  also  the 
owner  of  a  fine  farm,  some  twelve  miles  east  from 
town,  and  also  has  other  property.  He  is  a  man  of 
fine  business  qualifications,  has  demonstrated  his  abil- 
ity to  gain  success  in  worthy  endeavor  and  is  now  a 
man  of  influence  and  weight  in  the  town  and  corn- 
Norton  B.  Miller  was  born  in  Scio,  Oregon,  May 
18,  1870,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Amanda  (Red- 
man) Miller,  natives  of  Illinois  and  Iowa,  respectively. 
The  father  was  born  in  1841,  came  across  the  plains 
with  his  parents  in  1849,  wno  to°k  a  section  of  dona- 
tion land  in  Linn  county  and  there  he  was  brought  up. 
He  died  in  1878,  near  the  old  home  place.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  1846,  and  is  now 
the  wife  of  P.  J.  Wycoff,  at  Freeman,  Washington. 
Norton  was  brought  up  in  the  native  place  and  when 


manhood's  estate  arrived  he  undertook  different  enter- 
prises with  his  brothers  and  in  the  course  of  time  he 
was  farming  with  his  brother,  Curtis,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Sprague,  Washington.  In  1894  he  came  to  Little 
Camas  prairie,  thence  went  to  Spokane,  Washington, 
until  the  reservation  opened  up  and  then  he  selected 
his  present  place  of  one  quarter  section,  which  is  one  of 
the  finest  pieces  of  land  on  the  reservation.  It  produces 
now  wheat  and  oats  principally.  In  1901  Mr.  Miller 
embarked  in  the  livery  business  in  Nezperce  with  his 
brother  Curtis,  and  they  have  one  of  the  finest  stables 
in  the  country.  What  makes  their  business  so  popular 
is  their  untiring  care  that  all  details  will  be  satisfactory 
for  both  the  comfort  and  safety  of  their  patrons.  They 
have  fine  horses,  excellent  turnouts,  and  everything  is 
handled  with  praiseworthy  skill  and  wisdom. 

At  Sprague,  Washington,  Mr.  Miller  married  Miss 
Bertha,  daughter  of  William  and  Orilla  Frink,  in 
1900,  and  to  this  happy  union  there  have  been  born 
three  boys,  Lester,  Claude  and  Clayton.  Mr.  Miller 
is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.,  Nezperce  Camp.  He  is  a 
Democrat  in  political  matters,  is  quite  active  and  al- 
ways takes  part  in  the  conventions,  being  frequently 
delegate.  Mrs.  Miller  is  a  member  of  the  Circle  of 
the  Woodmen  and  also  of  the  Baptist  church. 


MARTIN  D.  DzMOUDE.  The  capable  and  en- 
terprising business  man  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of 
this  article  is  well  known  in  Nezperce,  where,  in  com- 
pany with  his  son,  he  conducts  a  first-class  drug  busi- 
ness. He  is  a  man  of  energy  and  affability  and  stands 
at  the  head  of  the  thriving  business  that  his  skill  and 

Martin  D.  DeMoude  was  born  in  Fond  du  Lac  coun- 
ty, Wisconsin,  on  November  13,  1851,  being  the  son  of 
Richard  and  Jane  (Edmunds)  DeMoude.  The  father 
was  a  shipbuilder,  native  of  Buffalo,  New  York,  and 
he  wrought  at  his  trade  in  the  lake  country  and  in 
New  York.  About  1836  he  went  to  Fond  du  Lac.  Wis- 
consin, and  later  to  Minnesota,  where  he  died  in  Wa- 
basha  county  in  1882.  His  father  was  a  ship-rigger  and 
a  native  of 'France.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
a  native  of  Rochester,  New  York,  of  French  descent. 
Her  father  died  about  1855  and  she  had  two  brothers, 
John  and  Martin,  who  were  noted  fur  traders.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  when 
fourteen  he  went  to  work  in  a  drug  store.  Later  he 
was  variously  engaged  until  thirty,  when  he  embarked 
in  the  commercial  world  in  Ogden,  Utah,  but  this  was 
not  a  successful  venture  and  we  see  him  next  in  Wy- 
oming, where  he  bought  a  saw-mill  on  credit  and  in 
two  years  paid  out  and  made  good  success  of  it.  Then 
he  railroaded  some  and  on  account  of  failing  health 
came  to  Boise,  Idaho.  A  few  years  were  spent  there 
and  then  some  time  in  Moscow,  after  which  Mr.  De- 
Moude started  a  drug  store  in  Beeman.  Later  he 
was  in  the  same  business  in  Fletcher,  but  perceiving 
the  advantages  of  Nezperce,  he  came  hither  in  1899 
and  in  1901  he  built  a  store,  which  he  has  occupied 
since.  He  handles  a  good  business,  is  the  possessor  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


33i 


a  first-class  patronage  and  stands  well  with  his  fellows. 
Mr.  DeMoudc  married  Miss  Emma  I.  Bradstreet, 
daughter  of  John  a.icl  Emmeline  (Campbell)  Brad- 
street,  both  deceased,  being  natives  of  New  York. 
This  wedding  occurred  in  Ogden,  on  May  16,  1867. 
One  son,  Ora  D.,  was  born  to  this  happy  union.  He 
was  educated  in  the  high  school  at  Boise  and  in  the 
university  at  Moscow,  taking  also  the  pharmaceutical 
course.  He  received  his  state  diploma  on  October  i, 
1897,  passing  well.  Ora  D.  is  also  a  first-class  musi- 
cian, being  able  to  skillfully  handle  any  instrument  in 
the  range  of  band  music  and  is  now  the  leader  of  the 
Nezperce  band.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Macca- 
bees, being  record  keeper  of  Sunrise  Tent,  No.  17. 
Mr.  DeMoude  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  Ed- 
win H.,  in  Kansas,  and  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war,  hav- 
ing enlisted  in  Company  D,  Third  Wisconsin,  and 
serving  the  entire  war  under  Joe  Hooker  and  being  in 
the  principal  battles  of  the  conflict,  never  wounded, 
but  once  terribly  hurt  in  an  accident ;  Richard  R..  in 
Minnesota,  and  also  a  veteran  of  the  Rebellion,  serving 
under  General  Washburn  in  the  Twenty-third  Wis- 
consin; Nettie,  wife  of  D.  C.  Clark,  an  attorney  in 
Minnesota.  Mr.  DeMoude  is  a  Republican,  strong  in 
his  principles,  and  he  is  always  ready  to  take  the  part 
of  the  good  citizen.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Morning  Star  Lodge,  No.  56,  in  Nezperce,  being  vice 
grand ;  also  of  the  Maccabees,  Tent  No.  17 ;  also  of  the 
Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen,  Ceclwick  Home- 
stead, No.  428,  being  deputy  organizer.  The  family 
affiliates  with  the  Episcopal  church. 


LAFAYETTE  STARCHER.  Three  miles  east 
from  Lookout  is  the  home  of  the  subject  of  this  ar- 
ticle, who  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  reservation 
country.  Mr.  Starcher  owns  forty  acres  in  this  place 
and  also  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  in  Shoshone 
county.  He  handles  his  land  to  fruit  and  has  it  well 
improved. 

Lafayette  Starcher  was  born  in  Spencer,  West  Vir- 
ginia, on  June  25,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Alfred  and 
Nancy  (Nutter)  Starcher,  natives  of  West  Virginia. 
They  were  pioneers  in  West  Virginia  and  in  Washing- 
ton county,  Kansas.  The  father  was  a  Confederate 
soldier  and  was  captured  near  Wheeling.  He  was  born 
in  1835  and  died  in  1867.  His  wife  died  in  1897.  The 
family  went  to  Atchison  county,  Missouri,  in  1865, 
and  the  next  year  to  Washington  county,  Kansas,  where 
the  father  died.  The  mother  later  married  a  Mr. 
Ware.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  mother  until  he 
was  twenty,  gaining  his  education  in  those  days.  Then 
he  went  to  do  for  himself.  In  1888  he  migrated  to 
Rawlins  county  and  took  land,  but  afterwards  left  the 
country  on  account  of  drouth,  and  so  forth.  Two 
years  were  spent  in  Nemaha  county  and  in  1892  he 

spent  on  the  farm  there  and  some  time  in  town,  and 
in  1896  he  made  his  way  to  the  reservation  and  la- 
self  to  the  improvement  of  his  land. 


On  May  22,  1877,  in  Washington  county,  Kansas, 
Mr.  Starcher  married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Rowdy 
and  Jane  (Covis)  Breckinridge.  Mr.  Breckinridge 
was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  pioneer  in  Illinois,  at 
Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  and  in  Kansas.  Mrs.  Starcher  was 
born  in  Ohio  and  has  two  sisters,  Bell  Henry  and 
Rachel  McCullough,  both  in  Kansas.  Mr.  Starcher 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Jacob,  Arti- 
macia  Stonebraker  and  Indiana  Groh,  all  in  Kansas. 
Six  children  have  been  the  fruit  of  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Starcher:  Lenna  Sargent,  near  Spokane; 
Otis,  Carl,  Veva,  Roy  and  Oral,  at  home.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Starcher  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Lookout  and  they  are  exemplary  people.  Mr.  Starcher 
has  always  been  an  ardent  and  faithful  laborer  for 
the  advancement  of  the  schools  and  general  improve- 
ment. 


ABRAHAM  J.  MARSHALL.  Our  subject  has 
been  a  traveler  in  various  portions  of  the  west  and  has 
gained  a  vast  fund  of  practical  knowledge  in  various 
lines,  while  also  he  is  well  informed  as  to  the  country, 
and  his  selection  of  a  farm  in  the  reservation  portion 
of  Nez  Perces  county  speaks  volumes  for  the  advant- 
ages of  the  county. 

Abraham  J.  Marshall  was  born  in  Millville,  Clayton 
county,  Iowa,  on  July  23,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Michael 
and  Alice  (Scoggy)  Marshall,  natives  of  Ohio.  The 
father  was  born  in  1825  and  died  on  March  28,  1890. 
He  was  a  carpenter  and  a  pioneer  in  Clayton  county. 
where  he  remained  until  his  death.  He  was  a  popular 
man  of  the  county,  having  been  sheriff,  and  also  was 
in  other  public  positions.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  1824  and  still  lives  in  Dakota.  Her  parents 
were  also  pioneers  in  Iowa.  Abraham  attended  public 
school  until  he  was  thirteeen  and  then  went  out  into 
life  for  himself.  He  located  at  Fort  Pierre,  Dakota, 
and  went  to  work  on  the  range,  which  avocation  he 
followed  for  nine  years.  Then  a  year  was  spent  in 
Buffalo  Gap,  Wyoming,  and  later  he  was  occupied  for 
six  years  with  a  stockman  in  Deadwood.  Subsequent 
to  that  he  came  to  Spokane  and  worked  one  year  near 
Reardan,  after  which  he  was  engaged  in  a  brick  yard 
in  Medical  Lake.  In  1895  he  came  to  Moscow  "and 
spent  several  years  there!  Then  a  winter  was  spent 
in  Salubria  valley,  southern  Idaho,  and  thence  he  went 
to  Walla  Walla,  then  returned  to  Moscow.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1901,  he  came  to  the  reservation  country  and 
bought  his  present  farm,  one  mile  east  and  three  miles 
south  from  Lookout.  It  is  a  valuable  place  and  well 
handled  and  produces  excellent  returns. 

On  May  16,  1897,  in  Moscow,  Mr.  Marshall  mar- 
ried Miss  Henrietta,  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Jennie 
(Erickson)  Timmons.  The  father  was  born  in  Jasper 
county,  Indiana,  in  1843.  He  enlisted  in  the  Civil  war, 
in  1861,  being  in  the  Twelfth  Iowa,  and  now  lives  in 
Nez  Perces  county.  Mrs.  Timmons  was  born  in  Min- 
nesota. Mrs.  Marshall  was  born  in  Rock  county,  Min- 
nesota, on  November  8,  1877.  and  has  one  brother  and 


Mr.'  Marshall   1 


the   folio' 


amed 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


brothers  and  sisters:  James  and  Charles,  in  Iowa; 
Lizzie  Moore,  in  South  Dakota;  Sophia  Graham,  de- 
ceased; Scott,  Colesburg,  Iowa;  Firmon,  in  Greeley, 
Iowa ;  Wesley,  in  Millville,  Iowa.  Mr.  Marshall  is  a 
Republican  and  capable  of  defending  his  principles. 
Mr.  Marshall  has  considerable  stock  and  his  hogs, 


Berkshire  and  Poland  Ch 
the  county. 


CHARLES  F.  STELLMON.  About  seven  miles 
northeast  from  Nezperce  we  find  the  home  of  the 
gentleman  whose  name  is  mentioned  above.  He  is 
classed  with  the  prosperous  and  progressive  farmers 
of  the  section  and  has  wrought  here  with  a  display  of 
wisdom  and  skill  which  have  given  him  the  meed  of 
a  goodly  portion  of  property,  while  he  came  here  with 
very  little  property  of  any  kind  except  a  good  stock 
of  courage  and  determination. 

Charles  F.  Stellmon  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Tennessee,  on  December  20,  1868,  being  the  son  of 
Henry  and  Elizabeth  Stellmon,  natives,  respectively, 
of  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee.  When  Charles  was 
nine  the  family  removed  to  Washington  county,  Ar- 
kansas, and  soon  went  to  Benton  county,  where  the 
mother  died  when  he  was  twelve  years  old.  When 
our  subject  was  sixteen  he  went  to  the  Cherokee  na- 
tion and  later  went  to  Bates  county,  Missouri,  work- 

ited  his  father,  and  in  1887  he  came  to  Genesee,  Idaho. 
There  and  at  Juliaetta  and  Lewiston  he  spent  the 
time  until  the  nineteenth  of  November,  when  he  filed 
on  a  piece  of  land  near  Nezperce,  which,  however,  he 
sold  in  February,  1902,  and  purchased  his  present 
place.  In  1900  he  made  a  visit  to  his  father  in  Ar- 
kansas and  in  June,  1901,  he  went  to  Benton  county, 
Arkansas,  and  there  married  Miss  Jennie,  daughter  of 
William  and  Meekie  Burrow.  This  wedding  occurred 
on  September  24,  1901,  and  in  October  they  came  to 
the  home  near  Nezperce.  In  February,  1902,  as  men- 
tioned above,  Mr.  Stellmon  came  with  his  family  to 
his  present  abode.  This  farm  is  a  valuable  piece  of 
land,  doubtless  as  good  as  any  in  the  locality,  and  is 
handled  with  great  skill  and  thrift.  Mr.  Stellmon  has 
a  good  list  of  improvements,  including  buildings, 
fences,  orchards,  and  much  other  valuable  property. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stellmon  are  highly  respected  people, 
are  intelligent  and  progressive  and  have  demonstrated 
their  qualities  of  worth  here,  which  has  given  them 


SAMUEL  PHINNEY.  It  is  especially  gratify- 
ing to  have  the  opportunity  to  chronicle  the  salient 
points  in  the  career  of  this  worthy  pioneer,  as  he  has 
been  through  all  the  vicissitudes  and  hardships  of  the 
frontiersman  in  most  of  the  important  western  places 
in  early  days  and  has  for  nearly  forty  years  been  iden- 
tified with  the  northern  part  of  Idaho,  having  always 
been  a  foremost  figure  in  its  progress  and  upbuilding. 
He  is  a  man  of  sound  principles,  and  now,  in  the 


golden  days  of  his  career,  he  is  surrounded  with 
friends  and  is  honored  and  esteemed  by  all. 

Samuel  Phinney  was  born  in  Susquehanna  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  August  2,  1830,  being  the  son  of 
William  and  Lydia  (Belknap)  Phinney,  natives  of 
Connecticut  and  New  York,  respectively.  The  father 
was  of  Scotch  extraction,  migrated  to  New  York, 
where  he  was  married,  and  then  to  Pennsylvania  and 
thence  to  Iowa.  He  enlisted  to  fight  in"  the  Black 
Hawk  war  and  was  one  of  the  enterprising  farmers  of 
Iowa  until  his  death  in  1876.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
came  from  ancestors  who  were  settlers  in  New  York 
for  generations  back.  Our  subject  went  with  the  fam- 
ily to  Iowa  when  he  was  eight  years  of  age  and  there 
was  educated  in  the  district  schools.  In  1851  he  went 
to  seek  gold  in  California  and  after  mining  near  Sac- 
ramento for  a  time  he  was  taken  sick  and  returned 
via  the  Isthmus  to  his  home.  Six  months  later  he 
made  the  trip  across  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Port- 
land. Soon  he  was  in  Astoria,  and  after  two  years  in 
a  saw-mill  he  spent  three  years  or  so  in  rafting  on  the 
Columbia.  Then  a  move  was  made  to  Walla  Walla 
and  stock  raising  occupied  Mr.  Phinney  until  he  came 
to  Lapwai  in  1866.  While  in  the  Portland  country  he 
enlisted  to  fight  the  Yakimas.  At  Lapwai  Mr.  Phin- 
ney settled  on  land  leased  from  the  Indians  and  con- 
tinued there  until  the  reservation  opened,  when  he 
took  his  present  place,  a  portion  of  which  is  devoted 
to  the  town  site  of  Fletcher.  He  has  given  his  atten- 
tion to  raising  the  cereals  and  improvement  of  his 
farm  and  he  is  one  of  the  substantial  residents  of  this 
vicinity. 

Mr.  Phinney  married  Adeline,  daughter  of  Col- 
onel William  Craig,  at  Walla  Walla,  in  1864,  and  to 
them  have  been  born  three  sons,  Fitch,  Lee  and  Will- 
iam, farmers  near  Culdesac.  Mrs.  Phinney  has  two 
sisters:  Annie,  wife  of  Charles  Fairfiekl,  a  farmer 
near  Culdesac:  Martha,  widow  of  H.  Vaughn.  The 
subject  of  this  article  has  traveled  all  over  the  north- 
west, especially  the  panhandle  portion  of  Idaho,  and  i 


ways  stri 
opment. 


i  for  substantial  i 


nprovt 


al- 
>nt  and  devel- 


STEPHEN  JOHNSON.  President  Roosevelt 
said  recently  in  eulogy  of  a  man,  "He  has  done 
things."  And  in  speaking  of  the  highly  respected 
gentleman  whose  name  appears  above,  we  can  say 
nothing  more  eulogistic  than  to  recount  somewhat  the 
achievements  of  his  life.  They  speak  in  no  uncertain 
terms. 

Stephen  Johnson  was  born  in  Greene  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  July  20,  1839,  being  the  son  of  Zephaniah 
and  Rachel  (Ulery)  Johnson.  The  father  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  on 'December  21,  1812,  and  farmed  in 
Greene  county,  and  his  death  occurred  on  July  12, 
1895.  His  parents  were  Zenias  and  Sarah  (Crane) 
Johnson,  both  of  German  descent.  The  mother  of  our 
subject,  who  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, about  1818,  being  of  German  extraction,  is 
now  deceased.  Our  subject  received  the  beginnings  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


his  education  in  his  native  place,  but  since  that  time 
Mr.  Johnson  has  improved  his  time  in  a  most  com- 
mendable manner  and  stands  today  a  well  educated 
man,  with  a  ready  reference  library  at  his  hands  with 
which  he  is  very  familiar.  When  the  budding  years  of 
twenty  came  he  started  out  and  in  Ohio  and  Iowa  he 
worked  at  his  trade  of  builder  and  contractor  for  six- 
teen years.  Soon  after  the  war  he  purchased  land  in 
Benton  county,  Iowa,  aggregating  seven  hundred 
acres.  While  doing  a  contract  business  here,  he  had 
charge  of  the  following  churches:  Garrison  church, 
Benton  county;  Grundy,  Grundy  county;  Iowa  River 
and  State  Center  churches,  Marshall  county ;  and  Wa- 
terloo, in  Blackhawk  county,  in  joint  charge  with 
Elder  Miller.  A  sad  experience  in  Mr.  Johnson's 
career  was  the  loss  of  his  eyesight  at  the  age  of  forty- 
five,  but,  using  his  own  'words,  "Through  skillful 
treatment  and  the  blessings  of  the  Lord,  1  am  able  to 
say,  'Whereas  1  was  blind,  now  I  can  see',  and  I  give 
all  the  praise  .and  glory  to  His  name."  In  1883  he 
retired  from  the  field  of  business  and  for  twelve  years 
devoted  himself  entirely  to  preaching,  being  thoroughly 
imbued  with  the  spirit  of  the  gospel.  In  1897  ^r- 
Johnson  came  to  the  reservation  and  took  land,  which 
is  now  adjoining  the  town  of  Nezperce.  He  has  im- 

tired^from  the  mo^e  ^ctivT  (alls  of  business.  WMr. 
Johnson  is  still  very  active  in  preaching  and  for  five 
years  he  proclaimed  the  .gospel  in  this  vicinity  and 
George  W.  Thomas,  whose  heart  and  soul  was  in  the 
work,  was  an  able  assistant  in  this  worthy  labor.  Mr. 
Johnson  is  now  presiding  elder  for  the  congregation  at 
Nezperce  and  the  one  at  Moscow  also.  He  was  the  mov- 
ing spirit  in  organizing  the  church  here  and  has  done 
much  to  foster  and  build  it  up.  One  beautiful  charac- 
teristic of  our  subject  that  we  must  not  omit  is.  that 
spoken  of  by  the  apostle  that  those  in  authority  should 
be  of  good  repute  with  those  who  are  without.  Thus 
shall  the  faith  for  which  the  church  stands  not  be 
brought  into  disgrace.  And  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  are  able  to  state  that  in  this  particular  Mr.  John- 
son is  of  exceptional  standing  with  all  who  know  him, 
being  highly  respected  and  esteemed. 

On  March  7,  1865,  in  Knox  county,  Ohio,  Mr. 
Johnson  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  o'f  Philip  and 
Saloma  (Rice)  Hardinger,  natives  of  Knox  county, 
where  also  Mrs.  Johnson  was  raised.  To  this  happy 
union  there  have  been  born  eight  children,  named  as 
follows :  Elma  A.,  Zephaniah  A.,  Zenas  C,  William 
F.,  Sarah  O.,  George  P.,  Mary  E,  James  M.  After 
preaching  the  gospel  for  thirty-five  years  he,  accom- 
panied by  his  wife,  went  to  Lordsbury,  California,  in 
quest  of  health.  Mrs.  Johnson  has  been  a  constant  and 
faithful  helpmeet  of  her  husband  and  it  is  gratifying  to 
see  them  in  this,  the  golden  time  of  their  life,  stanch  tes- 
timonies to  the  truth  and  deserving  of  the  enconium, 
"The  hoary  head  is  a  crown  of  glory,  if  found  in  the 

Mr.  Johnson  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters: 
Silas,  near  town ;  George,  in  Iowa ;  Daniel,  on  the  old 
home  place  in  Pennsylvania;  Phoebe,  wife  of  Isaac 
Kemp,  in  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania;  Sarah,  re- 


siding with  her  brother,  Daniel.  Mrs.  Johnson  has 
three  brothers :  Jacob,  in  Sullivan  county ;  Frederick, 
there  also ;  Philip,  in  Benton  county,  Iowa.  Jacob  and 
Frederick  served  three  years  in  the  Forty-third  Ohio 
Infantry  in  the  Civil  war.  George,  another  brother, 
died  on  a  gunboat  on  the  Mississippi.  Frederick  was 
wounded  in  the  hand.  George,  the  brother  of  Mr. 
Johnson,  was  also  three  years  in  that  awful  conflict, 
as  was  his  brother,  Zenas,  now  deceased. 


DANIEL  S.  STARNER.  This  gentleman  is  a 
sturdy  representative  of  the  pioneers  who  have  opened 
the  reservation  country  for  settlement  and  made  it  one 
of  the  finest  portions  of  the  state.  At  the  present  time 
Mr.  Starner  lives  one  and  one-half  miles  northeast 
from  Lookout,  where  he  owns  a  good  farm  and  has 
devoted  his  attentions  since  filing  on  it  to  improve- 
ment and  production  of  the  fruits  of  the  field. 

Daniel  S.  Starner  was  born  in  Holmes  county, 
Ohio,  on  October  18,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Samuel 
and  Elizabeth  (Byers)  Starner,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  born  on  September  18,  1803,  and  Decem- 
ber 6,  1813,  respectively.  They  died  on  December  13, 
1882,  and  August  23,  1881,  respectively.  Our  subject 
grew  to  manhood  and  gained  his  education  in  his  na- 
tive place  and  always  manifested  skill  with  tools,  early 
learning  the  carpenter  trade.  When  twenty-three  he 
went  to  Wisconsin,  settling  in  Richland  county  for 

Illinois,  and  two  years  later  he  went  to  Crawford 
county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  wrought  for  five  years. 
In  that  place  Mr.  Starner  married  Miss  Phoebe  J., 
daughter"  of  William  and  Isabelle  Duell,  natives  of 
New  York  and  Germany,  respectively.  Three  chil- 
dren were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Starner,  all  deceased. 
In  the  spring  of  1883  Mr.  Starner  migrated  to  Ore- 
gon and  thence  to  Dayton,  Washington.  In  this  last 
place  his  brother  John  resided  and  was  probate  judge. 
For  eight  years  Mr.  Starner  farmed  in  that  vicinity 
and  in  1891  went  to  Moscow.  There  and  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Garfield  he  farmed  until  May  17,  1898.  when 
he  came  to  his  present  place.  This  has  been  the  scene 
of  his  labors  since  that  time.  Mr.  Starner  also  car- 
ried the  mail  from  Beeman  to  Rosetta,  continuing-  on 
to  Lookout  when  Beeman  was  discontinued.  Mr. 
Starner  has  twb  brothers  and  one  sister,  John  A.,  a 
merchant  at  Freese,  Idaho;  Julia  A.  Bolley,  in  Mans- 
field, Ohio;  Frederick,  in  Lynxville,  Wisconsin.  Mr. 
Starner  has  been  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  for  years. 
He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  but  is  an  independent 
thinker.  Mr.  Starner  is  a  strong  advocate  of  good 


.),!  i 


ing  a  man  of  broad  \ 


ncl  all  j 


.  be- 


nd  of  public 


NATHANIEL  T.  WRIGHT.     Among  the  stir- 
ng   and   practical   business   men    of    Mohler,    whose 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  enterprising  men  who  conduct  the  Mohler  Imple- 

Nathaniel  T.  Wright  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  June 
27,  1866,  being  the  son  of  William  W.  and  Elizabeth 
(Gibson)  Wright,  natives  of  Indiana.  His  father  was 
probate  judge  in  Indianapolis  fifteen  years  before  his 
death.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents  in  Iowa 
and  in  Latah  county,  Idaho,  until  he  was  twenty-one, 
having  acquired  his  education  from  the  common 
schools.  Then  he  took  a  preemption  on  Bear  Creek 
ridge,  and  in  tilling  this  and  rented  land  as  well  he 
was  engaged  until  1896,  when  he  came  to  the  reser- 
vation and  took  land.  He  was  steadily  engaged  to 
open  this  and  improve  it  until  three  years  since,  when 
he  rented  it  and  entered  the  employ  of  an  implement 
firm  in  Spalding  and  later  another  in  Grangeville.  In 
January,  1900,  in  company  with  Messrs.  Giles  and 
Grass,  Air.  Wright  opened  the  recent  business  and 
since  that  time  he  has  bent  his  energies  and  devoted 
his  skill  and  business  experience  to  the  successful  up- 
building of  this  trade.  He  has  succeeded  in  a  very 
gratifying  manner  and  the  company  has  already  a 
large  trade  and  a  very  flattering  outlook. 

On  I une  15,  1890,  Mr.  Wright  married  Miss  Mar- 
garet V.,  daughter  of  Urban  E.  and  Hannah  (Bullis) 
Elliott,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York, 
respectively,  and  now  residents  of  Kendrick.  Mrs. 
Wright  received  her  education  from  the  district 
schools  and  she  has  five  brothers:  Newman, 
in  Kansas;  Charles,  William,  Eugene,  Frank,  the 
last  four  residing  in  Kendrick.  Mr.  Wright  has  two 
brothers  and  one  sister  :  Samuel  A.,  at  Lookout ;  Will- 
iam W.,  at  Slickpoo;  Goldie  M.,  wife  of  Robert  L. 
Ralston.  Mr.  Wright  is  a  Republican  and  takes  part 
in  the  duties  of  the"  patriotic  citizen.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  of  P.,  Magnolia  Lodge,  No.  51,  at  Culdesac : 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Echo  Lodge,  No.  60,  at  Mohler ;  of 
the  W.  W.,  Camp  No.  612,  in  Mohler;  and  of  the 
auxiliaries  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  W.  W. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wright  have  been  blessed  by  the 
advent  of  two  children,  Arthur  L.  and  Nathaniel  T. 
Mr.  \Vright  is  one  of  the  solid  and  reliable  business 
men  of  Mohler,  who  devotes  his  attention  carefully  to 
the  prosecution  of  his  business  and  brings  to  bear  a 
wealth  of  skill  and  experience,  together  with  fine 
judgment  and  keen  foresight,  which  are  telling  in 
building  it  up  in  a  commendable  manner. 


JOHN  BRASCH  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  ei 
terprising  farmers  of  the  vicinity  of  Nezperce,  haviri 
taken  his  present  farm,  two  miles  northeast  froi 
town,  in  the  fall  of  1895.  He  came  with  two  cayus< 
and  plenty  of  courage  and  determination  and  this  h; 
won  the  day,  for  he  now  has  a  choice  farm,  well  in 
proved,  with  good  buildings,  orchard,  fences,  and  s 
forth,  and  is  a  prosperous  and  well-to-do  citizen.  K 
also  has  a  nice  bunch  of  cattle  and  some  hogs  an 
horses. 

John  Brasch  was  born  in  Prussia,  Germany,  c 
February  25.  1842,  being  the  son  of  Christ  and  Chrii 


tina  Brasch,  also  natives  of  the  same  place.  When  our 
subject  was  a  child  the  family  came  to  the  United 
States  and  settled  in  Wisconsin,  where  John  grew  to 
manhood.  On  August  15,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany I,  Twenty-eighth  Volunteer  Infantry  of  Wis- 
consin, an.l  was  attached  to  the  western  army  under 
Sherman.  He  fought  in  the  battles  of  Helena,  where 
he  was  wounded;  Little  JRock,  Saline  River,  Spanish 
Fort,  Blakely,  and  was 'in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
Later  he  was  sent  to  Texas  and  on  August  23,  1865,  he 
was  honorably  discharged,  having  seen  plenty  of  hard 

married  in  Winnebago  county,  on  March  3,  1867, 
Henrietta  Koch  becoming  his  wife.  In  1880  they 
went  to  Thayer  county,  Nebraska,  and  in  1890  he 
came  to  Fairfield,  Washington,  and  in  November, 
1895,  Mr.  Brasch  made  his  present  location,  where  he 
had  pretty  difficult  toiling  for  a  time,  but  now  he  is 
enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  wisely  bestowed  industry. 
Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  Brasch :  Chris- 
tina, wife  of  Lewis  Nisson,  in  Adams  county,  Wash- 
ington; Frederick  W.,  who  has  a  quarter  section  ad- 
joining his  father's;  Theodore  L.,  at  Fairfield,  Wash- 
ington; Bertha,  wife  of  B.  Ohlson,  at  Rockford, 
Washington.  On  January  18,  1899,  Mrs.  Brasch  was 
called  hence  by  death. 

On  June  7,  1899,  Mr.  Brasch  married  Mrs.  Mar- 
tha J.  Stewart,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Caroline 
V.  Jackson.  Mr.  Jackson  crossed  the  plains  in  1845 
and  recrossed  them  five  times.  He  was  an  intrepid 
followed  his  profession  of  teaching  school 


and  music  in  various  places  of  the  west,  e 
the  vicinity  of  Spokane.  He  settled  first  in  Clackamas 
county,  Oregon,  where  Mrs.  Brasch  was  born  on 
March  13,  1856.  She  married  Richard  R.  Stewart, 
by  whom  she  had  four  children:  Lynda  V.,  wife  of 
A.  Pradella,  near  Spokane ;  Margaret  G.,  wife  of  W. 
Redjovich,  of  Republic,  Washington;  Olive  C.,  wife 
of  E.  C.  Quincy,  of  Nezperce ;  Andrew  C.  Mr.  Stew- 
art died  in  1898.  Mrs.  Brasch's  father,  well  known 
as  Professor  Jackson,  taught  school  and  gave  instruc- 
tion in  music  for  the  last  fifty-seven  years  of  his  life. 
He  was  born  on  May  10,  1819,  and  died  on  October 
25,  1894,  the  last  event  occurring  in  Spokane,  where 
he  was  widely  known  and  beloved.  Mrs.  Brasch  car- 
ries a  diploma  as  a  skilled  nurse  and  an  expert  ob- 
stetrician and  has  practiced  for  twenty-seven  years. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brasch  are  among  the  most  substantial 
and  prosperous  people  of  this  vicinity  and  have  the 
esteem  and  confidence  of  all. 


LEE  J.  ROWE.  It  is  like  a  fairy  tale  to  recount 
the  facts  of  the  prosperity  of  the  subject  of  this  ar- 
ticle. In  the  fall  of  1895  he  came  to  the  reservation 
and  selected  a  raw  piece  of  land,  about  three  miles 
northeast  from  Nezperce,  and  in  the  following  spring 
he  brought  his  family  to  the  land  he  had  filed  on.  He 
had  a  team,  one  cow  and  seven  dollars  in  cash  when 
he  landed  here  and  now  Mr.  Rowe  has  one  hundred 
and  sixtv  acres  of  as  fine  farm  land  as  one  could  wish  to 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


335 


see,  all  fenced  and  under  cultivation,  a  lovely  eight- 
room  house,  commodious  barns  and  outbuildings,  a 
large  amount  of  farming  machinery,  excellent  or- 
chards and  good  berry  gardens,  besides  considerable 
stock,  and  his  crops  are  a  source  of  large  revenue 
each  year.  Of  course,  he  had  the  hardships  and  ardu- 
ous labors  to  endure  incident  to  opening  a  farm  here 
and  his  family  were  to  be  provided  for,  but  he  and 
his  faithful  wife  labored  along  and  the  result  has  been 
this  excellent  showing  mentioned  above,  and  now  they 
are  among  the  leading  and  most  substantial  people  of 
this  vicinity.  Mr.  Rowe  and  his  wife  are  devout 
members  of  the  Christian  church,  as  is  also  their  child, 
Carroll,  and  their  example  has  been  for  good  all  the 
time  they  have  resided  here. 

Lee  j.  Rowe  was  born  in  Catawba  county,  North 
Carolina,  on  February  16,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Xoah 
I.  and  Camilie  (Smith)  Rowe,  also  natives  of  the 
same  place.  They  reside  in  the  old  homestead  house, 
where  they  have  been  for  fifty  years,  and  are  aged 
seventy-four  and  seventy,  respectively.  The  father 
served"  all  through  the  awful  conflict  of  the  Civil  war 
on  the  Confederate  side.  Our  subject  was  liberally 
e'ducated  in  Catawba  College,  attending  that  institu- 
tion from  fifteen  to  nineteen. 

On  November  9,  1881,  Mr.  Rowe  married  Miss 
Fannie  B.,  daughter  of  Marcus  and  Mahalia  (Yunt) 
Smith,  natives  also  of  Catawba  county,  where  they 
now  live,  aged  eighty-five  and  seventy-five,  respect- 
ively. Mr.  Smith  served  in  a  portion  of  the  war. 
Mrs.  Rowe  was  born  in  Catawba  county,  on  March  i, 
1866.  In  the  spring  of  1892  Mr.  Rowe  and  has  family 
came  to  the  Palouse  country,  settling  near  Steptoe 
Butte,  and  in  the  fall  of  1895  he  came,  as  related 
above,  to  his  present  place.  Six  children  have  been 
born  to  this  worthy  couple:  Arthur  W..  Claude  E., 
Carroll  L.,  Annie  P.,  Floyd  S.  and  Blanche  E. 


CHARLES  GILES.  This  pleasing  and  popular 
gentleman  is  a  leading  member  of  the  well  known 
business  firm  of  the  Mohler  Implement  Company, 
which  does  a  thriving  business  in  Mohler,  being  the 
leading  house  dealing  in  hardware  and  all  kinds  of 
farm  inplements  and  vehicles. 

Charles  Giles  was  born  in  Cocke  county,  Tennes- 
see, on  February  28,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Perrin  and 
Rebecca  (McGaughey)  Giles.  The  father  was  a  na- 
tive of  Tennessee,  as  also  were  his  parents.  He  served 
in  the  Confederate  army  and  died  in  1895.  aged  sev- 
enty-two. The  mother 'of  our  subject  was  also  a  na- 
tive of  Tennessee,  as  were  her  parents  and  grand- 
parents, and  several  of  her  brothers  served  in  the 
Union  army.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native 
place  and  educated  in  the  public  schools.  When  he 
reached  man's  estate  he  went  to  western  North  Carolina 
and  embarked  in  tobacco  raising.  Three  years  there  and 
then  we  find  him  pressing  his  way  westward,  landing 
finally  in  Columbia  county,  Washington.  There  he 
operated  in  a  saw-mill,  logged  and  farmed  until  1896. 
The  next  vear  he  came  to  the  reservation,  took  a  claim 


one  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Mohler  and  settled 
to  its  improvement  and  culture  until  1900.  Then  Mr. 
Giles  rented  his  farm  and  embarked  in  the  hardware 
business  with  Mr.  Boozer.  In  January,  1902,  he  sold 
his  interest  to  his  partner.  About  the  same  time  Mr. 
Giles  associated  himself  with  N.  T.  Wright  and  A.  G. 
Gross,  and  under  the  style  of  the  Mohler  Implement' 
Company,  they  opened  a  fine  establishment  of  hard- 
ware, implements  and  vehicles.  They  erected  a  large 
two-story  building,  the  upper  portion  of  which  is  de- 
voted to  lodge  rooms  and  hall,  while  the  lower  apart- 
ments are  the  quarters  where  they  conduct  their  busi- 
ness. Since  March  last  this  firm  has  disposed  of  seven 
car  loads  of  machinery,  besides  its  trade  in  vehicles 
and  hardware. 

Mr.  Giles  is  an  active  Democrat  and  well  informed 
on  the  questions  of  the  day.  At  present  he  is  acting  as 
central  committeernan  for  his  precinct  and  he  is  a  fre- 
quent figure  at  the  conventions.  He  is  a  member  of 
Echo  Lodge,  No.  60,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  Mohler,  being 
treasurer;  also  of  the  Mohler  Camp,  No.  612,  and  the 
Mohler  Valley  Circle  of  the  W.  W.  Mr.  Giles  has 
one  brother,  Henry  Giles,  and  five  sisters,  named  as 
follows :  Margaret  E.,  widow  of  Henry  Wright ;  Ma- 
tilda, wife  of  John  Odell ;  Charlotte,  wife  of  Robert 
Crumb  ;  Hester,  wife  of  Andrew  Mantooth  ;  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Matt  Crumb,  all  in  Cocke  county,  Tennessee. 

On  December  25,  1901,  Mr.  Giles  married  Nellie 
M.  Coolidge,  daughter  of  James  and  Rebecca  Dennis, 
natives  of  Ohio  and  Iowa,  respectively,  now  living 
near  Mohler.  Mr.  Giles  is  a  popular  and  well  liked 
resident  of  our  county  and  he  is  deserving  because  of 
his  uprightness  and  integrity. 


WILLIAM  E.  CRUMPACKER.  When  victory 
crowns  a  great  general  in  slaying  men,  the  world  bows ; 
how  much  more  in  the  great  battle  of  life  should  we 
acknowledge  credit  to  the  mart  who  has  won  in  spite  of 

<lom.  thrift  and  hard  'labor,  as  has  the  subject  of  this 
article,  aided  by  his  estimable  wife.  An  account  of 
how  he  labored  and  won  will  fittingly  form  a  part  of 
this  history. 

William  E.  Crumpacker  was  born  in  Umatilla  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  on  August  21,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Henry 
D.  and  Rachel  (Frazier)  Crumpacker.  The  father  was 
born  in  April,  1840,  came  west  to  Missouri  when  a 
small  boy,  grew  up  on  a  farm,  served  in  the  Civil  war 
and  came  west  to  Oregon.  The  family  came  to  Wash- 
ington, after  the  birth  of  William,  then  went  to  Yam- 
hill  county,  Oregon,  then  removed  to  Columbia  county, 
Washington.  Our  subject  gained  his  education  in  the 
various  places  where  he  was  brought  up,  and  when  sev- 
enteen started  out  for  himself.  He  worked  on  various 
ranches  and  in  1890  went  to  Moscow  and  ranched  in 
the  vicinity  for  two  years.  Next  we  see  him  in  Ken- 
drick  as  night  clerk.  In  November,  1896,  he  filed  on 
the  land  where  his  family  home  now  is.  two  miles  east 
from  Nezperce.  In  1897,  he  got  in  seven  acres  of  wheat 
for  hav.  That  fali  he  worked  harvesting  and  lost  all 


336 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


his  wages,  his  employer  becoming  bankrupt.  Mr. 
Crumpacker  freighted  that  winter  and  in  1898  he 
sowed  twenty  acres  of  crop.  He  worked  that  fall 
three  months  harvesting  and  that  gave  him  a  good 
start.  But  when  he  came  home  the  house  had  been 
burglarized,  everything  of  value  being  stolen.  Again, 
he  took  up  for  another  winter  the  trying  labor  of 
freighting  and  in  1899  he  was  fortunate  enough  to 
get  in  eighty  acres  of  crop,  but  market  was  forty  miles 
away.  The  next  year  saw  one  hundred  acres  bearing 
a  fine  crop,  and  as  the  railroad  came  to  Kamiah,  the 
bright  sky  on  his  financial  horizon  began  to  show 
through.  Mr.  Crumpacker  has  since  rented  his  farm, 
removed  to  Nezperce  where  he  is  now  operating  a 
first  class  hotel.  He  has  a  good  patronage,  his  farm  is 
well  stocked,  having  some  excellent  blooded  cattle  and 
he  is  enjoying  the  success  that  labor  and  wisdom 
.  have  gained  for  him,  in  spite  of  set  backs. 

In  Kendrick  Mr.  Crumpacker  married  Miss  Anna, 
daughter  of  Michael  and  Lizzie  (Normoyle)  Swee- 
ney, natives  of  Limerick,  Ireland,  and  Cornwall,  Penn- 
sylvania, respectively.  Mrs.  Crumpacker  was  born  in 
Kansas.  To  this  happy  union  there  have  been  born 
four  children,  Elva  O.,  Mary  E.,  Orville,  and  one  in- 
fant, unnamed.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crumpacker  are  high- 
ly respected  people,  stand  well  in  the  community  and 
are  citizens  of  worth  and  honor. 


CHARLES  E.  FAUNCE.  A  real  pioneer  of  the 
pioneers,  leading  the  way  for  the  early  seekers  for 
gold  into  this  country  and  also  doing  the  same  in 
many  other  localities,  always  conducting  him- 
self with  the  same  sagacity,  uprightness,  cour- 
age, fortitude,  and  affability  that  now  •  char- 
acterizes him,  and  always  doing  a  noble  part 
in  the  worthy  undertakings  of  the  pioneers,  it  is  very 
fitting  that  the  subject  of  this  article  should  occupy 
a  prominent  position  in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces 
county,  since  also  he  has  done  much  here  to  advance 
and  build  it  up,  and  is  now  one  of  the  highly  esteemed 
and  substantial  men  of  the  county. 

Charles  E.  Faunce  has  the  distinction  of  being 
born  in  the  old  Miles  Standish  house,  in  Duxbury, 
Massachusetts,  which  was  built  in  the  seventeenth 
century.  His  birth  occurred  on  August  17,  1832,  be- 
ing the  son  of  George  and  Sallie  (Chase)  Faunce. 
The  father  was  a  seafaring  man,  born  in  Vermont,  and 
died  at  the  age  of  eighty-three.  The  mother  was  born 
in  1791  and  died  in  1881,  aged  ninety.  New  Hamp- 
shire was  her  native  state.  Our  subject  remained  at 

faring  life  until  he  was  twenty  and  then  he  went,  via 
Cape  Horn,  to  San  Francisco,  consuming  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  days  on  the  trip.  He  went  to  the  mines 
at  Auburn,  California,  at  once  joining  his  brothers 
John  and  William,  who  had  gone  thither  in  1849.  A 
little  later  he  went  to  Michigan  Bluffs,  having  learned 
the  art  of  mining  in  Auburn.  He  mined  there  for 
nine  years  and  did  well.  Then  he  came  to  Idaho  and 
went  into  the  Florence  and  Warrens  districts.  He 


took  a  pack  train  in  and  found  ten  thousand  men 
there.  He  worked  that  summer,  took  claims  in  the 
fall,  then  went  to  the  Clearwater  and  assisted  in  raft- 
ing logs,  to  build  the  Lapwai  agency.  Returning  to 
Florence  and  Warrens  the  next  spring,  he  did  not 
meet  with  success,  so  came  back  to  Lewiston  and  took 
charge  of  the  wood  business  of  Allen,  Piercy  &  Com- 
pany. He  mined  on  the  Snake  river  and  at  Warrens, 
and  always  wintered  in  Lewiston.  At  one  time  he 
had  a  summer's  work  in  the  flume  and  one  night 
parties  cleaned  it  up  and  stole  the  entire  amount, 
leaving  him  in  the  fall  penniless.  He  went  to  Lew- 
iston, having. sold  out  his  claims  and  quit  the  mining 
business.  He  was  appointed  deputy  sheriff  under 
Ephraim  Bunker  and  was  in  this  capacity  when  the 
noted  criminal,  Peter  Walker,  was  hung  by  a  mob. 
He  then  went  into  the  dray  and  transfer  business  with 
Dyer,  where  he  labored  until  1874,  then  sold  out  and 
returned  to  Massachusetts,  where  he  visited  one  win- 
ter. Returning,  he  mined,  acted  as  night  watchman, 
and  in  1882,  he  built  a  hotel  at  Lake  Waha.  By  his 
skill  in  handling  it  and  making  the  place  attractive  as 
a  summer  resort,  he  soon  had  an  enormous  trade,  al- 
most the  entire  town  of  Lewiston  being  visitors  to 
that  attractive  spot.  In  1892  Mr.  Faunce  sold-  this 
property  and  removed  to  his  homestead,  two  miles 
west.  His  wife,  who  had  been  postmistress  at  the 
lake,  was  also  appointed  the  same  in  this  new  place, 
and  here  Mr.  Faunce  and  his  wife  built  up  a  fine 
resort.  This  was  operated  until  1901,  when  he  sold 
it  and  removed  to  Lewiston  where  he  now  lives. 

On  September  28,  1881,  Mr.  Faunce  married  Mrs. 
Alida  T.  (Lappeus)  Anderson,  daughter  of  William 
W.  and  Elizabeth  (Lewis)  Lappeus,  natives  of  New 
York,  now  dead.  Mrs.  Faunce  was  born  in  Albany, 
New  York,  in  1840,  and  she  has  two  sisters,  Mrs. 
Rachel  Morris  and  Mrs.  Mary  Giffin.  Mr.  Faunce 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  George,  John 
and  Sallie.  Mrs.  Faunce  has  two  sons  by  her  former 
marriage,  William  and  Absolum  Anderson,  both  in 
Lewiston.  Mr.  Faunce  is  a  Republican  and  is  always 
interested  in  politics. 

It  is  of  note  that  the  father  of  our  subject  was 
captured  by  the  English  in  1812,  taken  to  England  and  . 
there  detained  until  he  was  stricken  with  the  brain 
fever  which  nearly  cost  him  his  life.  Mr.  Faunce 
is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer  Association  in  the  county 
and  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 


WILLIAM  D.  HARDWICK.  Holding  the  re- 
sponsible position  of  postmaster  at  Nezperce,  where  he 
is  in  every  respect  popular  and  efficient,  the  subject  of 
this  article  is  also  the  owner  of  fine  real  estate,  which 
he  took  as  a  homestead,  and  now  rents. 

William  D.  Hardwick  was  born  in  Missouri,  on 
March  15,  1844,  being  the  son  of  Noah  J.  and  Catherine 
(Rhoades)  Hardwick,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Marion 
county.  Missouri,  respectively.  The  father  was  born 
in  1818,  migrated  to  Missouri  and  at  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Civil  war  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty-fourth  Missouri 


CHARLES  E.  FAUNCE 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Infantry.  At  the  battle  of  Nashville,  under  Thomas, 
he  was  taken  sick  and  died  in  St.  Louis,  on  January 
13,  1865,  having  served  almost  through  the  entire  strug- 
gle. The  mother  died  when  our  subject  was  thirteen. 
Her  parents  were  natives  of  South  Carolina,  her  mother 
dying  at  the  age  of  one  hundred  and  two  years.  This 
aged  lady  was  named  Barbara  Cochran  Rhoades,  was 
of  Irish  descent  and  married  a  descendant  of  the  Dutch 
in  Pennsylvania.  Our  subject  remembers  but  little  of 
his  father's  relatives,  except  the  brothers  were  men  of 
prominence  in  Missouri.  He  received  a  common  school 
education,  stepped  from  the  parental  roof  when  four- 
teen, and  when  barely  seventeen,  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany A,  Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  under  Cap- 
tain J.  T.  Dunlap  and  Colonel  J.  T.  Tindall.  He  served 
four  years  and  one  month,  participating  in  the  battle 
of  Shiloh,  where  he  was  captured  and  suffered  ter- 
ribly in  the  awful  war  prisons  of  that  time,  being  mostly 
at  Macon,  Georgia.  After  that,  he  was  exchanged  and 
went  with  Sherman  to  the  sea,  participating  in  the  con- 
flicts there  encountered.  He  went  into  the  war  as  a 
private,  was  promoted  to  corporal,  then  to  sergeant, 
and  later  was  elected  captain,  but  the  war  closed  before 
he  was  able  to  act  in  that  capacity.  Following  the  war, 
Mr.  Hardwick  attended  high  school  in  Iowa  for  one 
year  and  then  turned  his  attention  to  teaching,  having 
taught  in  Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Washington. 
From  1870  to  1892  Mr.  Hardwick  was  in  Kansas,  be- 
ing occupied  as  an  educator,  farmer  and  merchant. 
Then  he  came  to  Pullman,  Washington,  operated  a 
boarding  house  and  taught  school.  His  children  were 
educated  in  the  college  at  Pullman.  The  day  of  the 
opening  of  the  reservation,  Mr.  Hardwick  filed  on  his 
present  farm,  it  being  one  of  the  best  in  the  vicinity  of 
Nezperce.  He  was  without  capital  then  and  he  gave 
his  attention  to  farming,  freighting  and  so  forth  until 
he  has  accumulated  a  fine  holding.  He  was  appointed 
postmaster  on  June  4,  1902,  and  took  the  office  on  July 
i,  and  he  has  made  a  commendable  record. 

On  April  19,  1867,  Mr.  Hardwick  married  Miss 
Joanna  Smith,  a  native  of  Scotland,  the  nuptials  oc- 
curring in  Mercer  county,  Missouri.  On  May  24,  1868, 
she  died  from  the  dread  disease,  consumption.  On 
May  9,  1869,  Mr.  Hardwick  married  Martha  H., 
daughter  of  Zachariah  and  Martha  (Hutchison) 
Rhoades.  The  father  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1811, 
and  died  in  1856,  having  been  a  farmer.  The  mother 
is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  now  lives  in  Fontana, 
Kansas.  Mrs.  Hardwick  was  born  on  October  3, 
1846,  in  Illinois.  She  has  two  brothers,  Andrew  J.  and 
Elijah  B.,  residing  in  Miami  county,  Kansas ;  also  one 
sister,  wife  of  Horatio  H.  Quincy,  in  the  same  county. 
Mr.  Hardwick  has  two  brothers,  George  E.,  residing  in 
Idaho  county;  Thomas  J.,  a  preacher  for  the  United 
Brethren  church  in  Whitman  county,  Washington.  Mr. 
Hardwick  has  five  sisters,  Emily  J.,  widow  of  E.  L. 
Garriott,  residing  in  Idaho  county ;  Barbara  C.,  wife  of 
David  M.  Sanders,  in  Whitman  county ;  Sarah  E.,  wife 
of  John  Rhodes,  in  Indian  Territory ;  Rebecca  A.,  wife 
of  Alfred  R.  Williams,  in  Gray  county,  Kansas ;  Sina 
A.,  wife  of  William  J.  Brittain,  in  Neodesha,  Kansas. 
To  Mr.  and  Hardwick  and  his  faithful  and  estimable 


wife  there  have  been  born  four  children,  Andrew  B., 
about  to  enter  Leland  Stanford  University ;  Thomas  J., 
a  truck  farmer  near  Wallace,  Idaho;  William  N.,  now 
assistant  postmaster  at  Nezperce,  about  to  enter  the 
law  department  of  Leland  Stanford ;  Emma  J.,  wife  of 
Henry  H.  Pogue,  the  county  surveyor  of  Idaho  county, 
with  residence  at  Grangeville. 


WILLIAM  M.  BLACKINTON.  Among  the  pi- 
oneers of  Nez  Perces  county  we  are  constrained  to 
mention  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  has  wrought 
in  different  capacities  in  this  section  for  years  and  is 
a  well  known  business  man,  capable  and  industrious. 

William  M.  Blackinton  was  born  in  Winnebago 
county,  Illinois,  on  October  5,  1851,  being  the  son  of 
Marcus  R.  and  Ann  (Trumble)  Blackinton.  The 
father  died  in  1895,  aged  eighty-one,  being  haie  and 
hearty  and  possessed  of  all  his  faculties.  Subject's 
paternal  grandfather  lived  to  be  over  fourscore  years 

school  education,  in  1881  went  to  Minnesota,  and  in 
1883  came  to  Lewiston.  A  short  time  was  spent  there 
and  then  a  move  was  made  to  the  Potlatch  country 

1884.  Five  years  were  spent  on  that  farm  and  about 
1895  Mr.  Blackinton  homesteaded  land  east  of 
Southwick.  Three  years  later  he  sold  his  improve- 
ments and  then  rented  until  1901,  when  he  removed 
to  Leland  and  rented  the  hotel  which  he  ran  until 
January,  1903.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blackinton  handled 
a  fine  house  and  became  very  popular  with  the  travel- 
ing public. 

On  October  17,  1883,  Mr.  Blackinton  married 
Miss  Nellie  Fletcher  who  died  in  1885,  leaving  one 
child,  Grace.  On  December  4,  1890,'  Mr.  Blackin- 
ton married  Frances,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Hul- 
dah  (Harrington)  Jones.  It  was  the  first  marriage 
ever  solemnized  in  Leland.  Mr.  Jones  was  a  black- 
smith and  wagon  maker.  His  father  and  his  three 
brothers  were  all  blacksmiths  and  were  natives  of 
Ohio.  Mrs.  Blackinton's  grandmother  was  born  in 
Wales  and  her  mother  was  a  native  of  Ohio.  Mrs. 
Blackinton  was  born  in  Van  Buren  county,  on  De- 
cember 4,  1861,  and  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters 
living,  George,  in  Kansas;  Amira,  wife  of  Sam  Pen- 
nel,  of  Jonesburg,  Kansas;  Mary,  wife  of  Frank 
Thompson,  of  Leland.  Mr.  Blackinton  has  two 
brothers,  George,  a  carpenter  in  Vineland :  Emmett, 
at  Leland.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blackinton  one  child 
has  been  born,  Florence,  aged  eleven  years.  Mr. 
Blackinton  is  fraternally  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  Leland  Lodge,  No.  90.  He  owns  a  farm  of  120 
acres  one  mile  west  of  Leland  which  he  rents ;  it  has 
a  good  orchard  and  is  farmed  to  grain. 


WILLIAM  LE  BARON  is  one  of  the  earliest 
of  the  hardy  men  who  invaded  nature's  domain  in  the 
interests  of  civilization  in  what  is  now  Nez  Perces 


33« 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


county.  He  has  labored  with  assiduity  and  wisdom 
all  the  intervening  years  for  the  advancement  and 
progress  of  the  country  and  has  gained  the  good  will, 
high  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  who  may  have  the 
pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 

William  Le  Baron  was  born  in  Saline,  Washte- 
naw  county,  Michigan,  August  20,  1838,  being  the 
son  of  Uriah  and  Lois  (Sephard)  Le  Baron,  natives 
of  New  York,  and  among  the  first  settlers  in  that  sec- 
tion of  Michigan.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  a  farm 
and  gained  a  good  education  from  the  public  schools 
and  the  Ypsilanti  Normal  school.  When  nineteen, 
our  subject  came  to  Missouri  on  a  sightseeing  trip, 
then  made  his  way  to  Nebraska  and  thence  drove  a 
freight  team  of  oxen  to  Salt  Lake.  Soon  he  was  in 
California  and  devoted  himself  to  mining  there  until 
1861.  Next  we  see  him  in  Applegate,  Josephine 
county.  Oregon,  where  he  mined  one  year.  In  the 
early  part  of  1862  Mr.  Le  Baron  came  to  Lewiston 
and  thence  he  went  to  the  famous  camps  of  Florence, 
Warren.  Orifino  and  others,  settling  in  1863  on  a  pre- 
emption four  miles  east  from  Lewiston,  now  known  as 
the  Porter  ranch  which  was  his  abode  until  1880.  In 
that  year  Mr.  Le  Baron  sold  his  property  and  engaged 
in  rafting  timber  down  the  Clearwater,  "being  the  first 
in  that  business.  He  was  assisted  in  these  labors  by 
his  partner,  Charles  Carlton.  In  1890  Mr.  Le  Baron 
came  to  his  present  place  adjoining  Cavendish.  He 
bought  half  of  a  saw-mill  from  A.  E.  Snell  and  in 
1895  filed  on  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land 
on  the  reservation.  He  also  purchased  a  quarter  sec- 
tion and  all  of  this  land  is  outside  of  the  reservation. 
About  1898,  Mr.  Le  Baron  bought  out  Mr.  Snell.  He 
now  has  a  fine  mill  and  is  turning  out  all  kinds  of  tim- 
ber -products,  having  a  first  class  patronage. 

Mr.  Le  Baron  has  two  brothers  living,  Charles 
and  Marshall.  The  former  is  a  real  estate  agent  in 
Los  Angeles,  California,  while  the  latter  is  a  railroad 
official  in  Colorado.  Mr.  Le  Baron  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics  and  has  been  a  delegate  to  the  conventions 
many  times  but  never  pressed  forward  for  prefer- 
ment. He  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  men 
of  this  section  and  stands  secure  in  the  good  opin- 
ions of  his  neighbors.  He  is  a  man  of  ability  and  wis- 
dom and  has  displayed  his  integrity  and  sound  princi- 
pies  always. 


JAMES  H.  EVANS.  Many  are  the  worthy  pi- 
oneers whose  faithful  and  well' directed  labors  "have 
given  to  us  this  famous  western  country  for  enjoy- 
ment and  wealth,  but  not  least  among  them  were  the 
parents  of  our  subject,  who  crossed  the  plains  with 
ox  teams  in  1852  and  ended  the  weary  and  dangerous 
journey  when  they  settled  in  western  Oregon.  The 
father  "went  the  next  year  to  Yreka.  California,  and 
gained  good  mining  interests  and  then  went  to  Boise, 
Idaho,  and  there  operated  in  the  mines.  Between  these 
two  points  and  his  home  in  Oregon  he  spent  much  of 
the  early  years  and  also  did  much  development  work 
on  the  home  place  in  Oregon,  in  addition  to  the  ardu- 
ous labors  of  mining. 


James  H.  Evans  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon, 
on  January  28,  1862,  his  parents  being  Berry  and 
Ann  E.  (Cunningham)  Evans.  When  James  was  ten 
years  of  age  the  family  came  to  Washington  and  set- 
tled near  where  Dayton  is  now,  it  being  then  but  one 
little  red  store  and  a  blacksmith  shop.  There  he  ob- 
tained his  education  from  the  public  schools  and  in 
1883  he  decided  to  start  in  the  walks  of  life  on  his  own 
responsibility  and  accordingly  went  to  Garfield  and 
rented  a  farm.  One  year  later  he  went  to  Alpowa 
and  took  a  preemption,  which  he  tilled  for  three  years. 
Thence  he  removed  to  his  present  residence,  three 
miles  south  from  Juliaetta,  took  a  homestead  and  began 
the  commendable  labors  of  improvement  and  develop- 
ment. Mr.  Evans  cut  the  first  road  through  this  sec- 
tion to  the  famous  Camas  prairie  region,  the  same  be- 
ing the  first  one  there  since  the  early  one  from  Cald- 
well.  He  built  and  maintained  a  ferry  at  the  Clear- 
WUfcer  crossing  known  then  as  Big  Eddy,  but  now 
named  by  the  Northern  Pacific,  Agatha,  from  the 
given  name  of  Mrs.  Evans. 

On  March  18,  1884,  Mr.  Evans  married  Miss 
Agatha,  daughter  of  Thomas  Reynolds,  mention  of 
whom  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  To  this 
happy  union  there  have  been  born  six  children :  Thom- 
as W.,  at  home;  Joseph,  May,  Esther,  Vera  and  Mary. 
Mr.  Evans  has  three  brothers  and  four  sisters,  Will- 
iam M.,  a  merchant  and  farmer  at  Willola,  who  also 
runs  the  ferry;  Berry,  at  Lake  Chelan,  Washington, 
in  the  stock  business ;  Granville,  residing  at  Riverside, 
Okanogan  county,  Washington;  Mary  C.,  wife  of 
Bud  King,  residing  near  Dayton;  Angonetta,  wife  of 
D.  Flemmmg,  residing  near  Lake  Chelan ;  Anna,  sin- 
gle. Mr.  Evans  is  a  Republican.  He  and  his  estima- 
ble wife  are  highly  respected  people  and  are  deserv- 
ing of  much  credit  for  the  worthy  labors  they  have 
done  for  the  opening  of  this  country  and  they  are  pos- 
sessed of  rare  virtues  of  integrity,  enterprise  and  wis- 
dom, while  geniality  and  good  will  abound  on  every 
hand  in  their  happy  home. 


LEON  M.  THORNTON.  Among  those  who. 
have  settled  in  Nez  Perces  county  recently  is  to  be 
mentioned  the  energetic  and  successful  young  busi- 
ness man  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph  and 
who  is  at  the  present  time  operating  a  general  mer- 
chandise establishment  in  Southwick.  He  has  a  good 
stock  of  well  assorted  commodities  used  in  the  sur- 
rounding country  and  because  of  strict  business  meth- 
ods, his  geniality  and  his  wisdom  in  selecting  goods 
for  the  needs  of  the  people  he  has  won  and  is  rapidly 
gaining  a  lucrative  patronage. 

Leon  M.  Thornton  was  born  in  Delaware  county, 
New  York,  on  October  15,  1870,  being  the  son  of  An- 
spn  W.  and  Martha  G.  (Tiffany)  Thornton.  The 
family  came  to  Sewarcl  county,  Nebraska,  when  Leon 
was  three  years  old  and  two  years  later  removed 
thence  to  Furnas  county  in  the  same  state.  There  they 
all  remained  until  1901,  when  the  parents,  our  subject, 
four  brothers  and  two  sisters  came  to  this  country 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  settled  in  various  sections  of  the  county.  At 
that  time  Mr.  Thornton  opened  his  mercantile  es- 
tablishment and  has  continued  steadily  in  this  line. 
H'e  is  well  respected  and  stands  high  "in  the  esteem 
and  confidence  of  all  who  know  him.  Mr.  Thornton 
is  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Dunkard  church  and  is  a 
consistant  supporter  of  his  faith. 


GEORGE  W.  STEVENS  resides  at  Star  Mills, 
two  miles  southeast  from  Lookout  and  while  he  is 
largely  retired  from  the  more  active  participation  in 
business  he  is  still  interested  with  his  sons  in  the  mill. 
He  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Tennessee,  on 
July  23,  1831,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Margaret 
(Dunsworth)  Stevens,  natives  respectively  of  Wash- 
ington county  and  Illinois.  They  were  descended 
from  the  Pennsylvania  Dutch  and  pioneers  in  the 
then  western  country.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood 
amid  the  environments  of  the  farm  and  during  the 
conscription  in  his  native  place  he  was  caught  in  the 
Confederate  army,  though  he  took  a  musket  in  those 
ranks  much  against  his  will.  He  was  in  Company 
D,  First  Tennessee  Heavy  Artillery.  He  fought 
through  the  trying  times  until  the  surrender  of  Vicks- 
l)urg,  being  in  Pemberton's  command.  His  two 
brothers  were  more  fortunate  than  he  and  escaped  the 
conscription. 

Mr.  Stevens  went  to  Illinois  in  1865.  where  he  re- 
mained for  six  years.  The  next  move  was  to  Kansas, 
in  which  place  he  lived  sixteen  years,  whence  he  came 
to  Moscow  in  1889.  In  the  same  year  he  came  to  the 
reservation,  settling  where  we  now  find  him. 

In  1856,  in  North  Carolina,  Mr.  Stevens  married 
Miss  Lydia  A.  Dillingham,  and  to  them  four  sons  and 
one  daughter  were  born :  James  F.,  in  Oregon ;  De- 
witt  S. ;  John  D.,  living  at  the  mill ;  Semaramis,  wife 
of  William  F.  Gill,  in  Kansas,  and  George  G.,  at  the 


nill. 

Mr.  Stevens  is  one  of  the  highly  respected  citi- 
zens of  our  county  and  is  beloved  by  all.  He  is  now 
passing  the  golden  years  of  his  life  in  retirement,  be- 
ing cheered  by  the  associations  of  his  sons  and  sus- 
tained by  the"  competence  which  his  faithful  labors 
•conserved  for  himself  and  his  wife. 


SAMUEL  J.  MARKHAM  resides  at  Giffoi 

one  of  the  promoters  of  the  town,  being  also 

ive  and  public  minded  mai 


pro- 


ed  hin 


whose  assiduous  labors  have  pi: 
substantial    developers    of   the    countn 
ham  has  also  donated  much  land  for  tl: 
town  and  labors  hard  to  build  it  up. 

S.  J.  Markham  was  born  in  Mario 
gon,  on  November  2,   1867,  being  the  son  of"  Cyrus 
and  Ann    (Bowman)    Markham,  natives  of  Missouri 
and  Iowa.     Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public 

vious   to   that   the    family   had   come   to    Idaho,   near 


as  one  of  the 
Mr.    Mark- 
benefit  of  the 

inty.  Ore- 


Genesee.  The  mother  proved  up  on  the  homestead 
the  father  had  taken  and  Samuel  continued  with  her  and 
working  for  the  neighbors  until  he  was  twenty-three. 
Then  he  and  his  brother  traded  stock  for  a  quarter 
section  on  the  rim  rock,  out  from  Genesee.  Later 
they  sold  and  rented  in  different  places  until  the  res- 
ervation opened  and  the  first  day  he  and  his  brother 
filed.  He  has  a  fine  piece  of  land  and,  as  said  above, 
has  sold  and  given  away  considerable  to  foster  the 
town.  Mr.  Markham  has  one  brother,  Fred,  and  three 
half-sisters,  Carrie,  wife  of  George  Wayne  at  Mason's 
Butte :  Minnie,  wife  of  Charles  Sampson  at  Lewiston ; 
Margaret,  wife  of  Alfred  Sampson,  in  Lawyer's  can- 
yon. 

On  May  25,  1890,  Mr.  Markham  married  Mary 
C..  daughter  of  William  W.  and  Minerva  C.  (Ingle) 
Loper,  natives  respectively  of  Mississippi  and  Ten- 
nessee. Mrs.  Markham  was  born  in  Benton  county, 
Arkansas,  on  January  3,  1874.  She  has  two  brothers: 
James  T.  and  William.  She  has  the  following  sisters : 
Nancy  D.,  wife  of  George  A.  Smith;  Margaret,  wife 
of  Oscar  Rogers,  of  Gifford.  Her  parents  now  re- 
side in  Lewiston.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Markham  have 
been  born  three  children :  Mabel  C.,  Alta  and  Harlond 
C.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Markham  are  members  of  the  Metho- 


Mr.  Markham  is  a  school  director  and  is  independent 
in  politics.  Among  the  other  things  which  Mr.  Mark- 
ham  has  donated  is  a  lot  for  a  parsonage  and  two 
thousand  feet  of  lumber,  which  he  hauled,  half  of  a 
lot  for  a  church,  and  other  items  as  well.  Mrs.  Mark- 
ham's  brother,  James  T.  is  a  preacher  in  the  Metho- 
dist church.  Her  father  served  in  the  .Civil  war.  Mr. 
Markham  is  a  man  of  reliability  and  is  one  of  the 
substantial  factors  of  the  communtiy. 


CHARLES  C.  SAMPSON  is  one  of  the  real  pi- 
oneers of  this  western  country,  having  lived  in  dif- 
ferent sections,  while  his  parents  were  among  the 
very  first  ones  who  braved  the  dangers  of  an  ox  team 
trip  across  the  plains  to  enter  the  Willamette  wil- 
derness. 

Charles  C.  Sampson  was  born  in  Lane  county, 
Oregon,  on  October  15.  1855,  being  the  son  of  Eph- 
raim  A.  and  Eunice  (Warner)  Sampson,  natives  re- 
sectively  of  Missouri  and  Indiana.  The  father  came 
to  western  Oregon  in  1849,  having  also  been  in  Cali- 
fornia in  that  year  and  the  mother  came  to  the  Willa- 
mette valley  in  1853,  both  crossing  the  plains  with  ox 
teams.  They  were  married  in  the"  valley.  The  father 
was  well  known  as  one  who  did  much  hunting  for 
emigrants  who  were  coming  in  and  who  needed  help. 
He  would  organize  parties  and  go  to  meet  the  un- 
fortunates who  were  beset  with  Indians  or  who  had 
iost  food  and  were  starving  or  who  had  wandered 
out  of  the  way  and  were  unable  to  find  the  proper 
trail.  Many  such  trips  did  the  elder  Sampson  take 
and  many  pathetic  and  deeply  touching  tales  could 
he  tell  of  the  sad  sights  that  met  his  eyes  and  the 
suffering  that  he  relieved.  About  1852 'Mr.  Samp- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


son  went  east  on  a  business  trip,  crossing  the  Isthmus 
on  a  cayuse.  Our  subject  gained  some  schooling  in 
the  native  place  and  when  the  family  came  to  the  vi- 
cinity of  Dayton,  Wahington,  he  studied  there  also. 
It  was  1870,  that  they  came  thither  and  in  1874 
Charles  went  from  the  homestead  near  Dayton  to 
Baker  City  and  worked  in  a  quartz  mill  for  three  years 
on  Conner  creek.  In  1877  he  came  to  Lewiston  and 
that  has  been  his  headquarters  since.  He  went  into 
the  stock  business  and  followed  raising  cattle  and 
horses  for  a  long  time  and  the  last  six  years  he  has 
devoted  his  energies  principally  to  sheep,  of  which  he 
has  four  thousand.  He  has  fine  Oxfords  and  many  of 
them  are  entitled  to  registration.  Mr.  Sampson  has 
seven  living  brothers:  Horace  J.,  merchant  at  Har- 
rison, Idaho:  Alfred  E.,  at  Kamiah,  Idaho;  Thomas 
J.,  sheepman  near  Lewiston;  David,  living  near 
Southwick;  Norman,  in  Wallowa  county,  Oregon; 
Virgil,  farmer  near  Genesee;  Glenn  with  Virgil  in 
the  stock  business. 

In  1881  Mr.  Sampson  married  Miss  Minnie  C. 
Miner.  Mrs.  Sampson's  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Bowman,  and  her  parents  were  pioneers  of  the  Willa- 
mette valley  while  some  of  the  family  live  near  Gen- 
esee. Mrs'  Sampson  has  two  half  brothers,  Samuel 
Markham.  a  prominent  citizen  of  Gifford  and  part 
owner  of  the  townsite ;  Fred,  at  Cold  Springs,  Idaho. 
Mrs.  Sampson  has  two  sisters,  Carrie,  wife  of  George 
Wayne;  Maggie,  wife  of  Alfred  Sampson,  brother  of 
our  subject.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sampson  there  have 
been  born  five  children:  Myrtle,  Ivy,  Jettie,  Bessie 
and  Clifford.  Mr.  Sampson  is  a  member  of  the  W. 
of  W.  at  Lewiston.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  political 
matters  but  he  is  not  at  all  desirous  of  personal  pre- 
ferment although  he  is  frequently  selected  to  attend 
the  conventions.  He  is  a  man  of  wide  experience, 
good  training,  and  has  demonstrated  both  his  integ- 
rity and  ability  in  an  upright  life  and  a  successful 
business  career. 


WALTER  E.  DAGGETT.  The  enterprising 
young  man  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article, 
is  one  of  the  stable  and  successful  business  men  of 
Southwick,  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  and 
also  postmaster,  in  which  capacities  he  displays  abil- 
ity and  faithfulness. 

Walter  E.  Daggett  was  born  in  Shabonier,  Fay- 
ette  county,  Illinois,  on  May  23,  1866,  being  the  son  of 
Louis  N.  and  Charlotte  (Wilkins)  Daggett.  The 
father  is  now  living  with  the  son  but  the  mother  died 
when  Walter  was  four  months  old.  After  this  sad 
event  he  went  to  live  with  distant  relatives,  Reuben 
E.  Wetmore,  at  Nokomis,  Illinois.  When  fifteen  he 
went  with  the  family  to  South  Dakota,  and  two  years 
later  Mrs.  Wetmore  died.  Walter  remained  with 
them  until  twenty-two  and  then  married  Miss  Louisa 
A.,  daughter  of  'Simon  and  Maria  (Thode)  Sievers, 
of  German  extraction.  The  wedding  occurred  in 
Huron,  and  a  few  months  later  we  find  the  young 
couple  in  Sioux  City,  whence  they  went  to  St.  Louis, 
where  he  remained  seven  years  in  the  employ  of  the 


Edison  General  Electric  Company  of  St.  Louis.  Three 
children  were  born  to  them  there:  Dora  G.,  Adaline 
M.,  and  Walter  N.  In  May,  1897,  Mr.  Daggett  came 
to  Idaho  to  join  his  father  who  was  postmaster  at 
Southwick.  In  1889  the  office  was  transferred  to  our 
subject  and  with  that  and  the  duties  of  his  commer- 
cial business  he  has  been  occupied  since.  In  politi- 
cal matters  he  is  a  Republican  and  is  now  justice  of 
the  peace.  He  has  been  delegate  to  the  county  con- 
ventions and  is  now  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention. 
Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
Kendrick  Lodge,  Mo.  26;  with  the  W.  W.,  at  Leland 
and  the  M.  W.  A.,  LeBaron  Camp,  No.  9383,  at 
Cavendish,  Idaho.  Mrs.  Daggett  has  three  brothers 
and  four  sisters:  G.  W.,  at  home  with  the  old  peo- 
ple, who  are  prosperous  and  prominent  farmers ;  Hen- 
in Westbend,  Washington  county,  Wisconsin,  is 
ice  of  the  peace  and  a  prominent  man  and  pro- 
moter of  factory  interests;  William,  a  capitalist  in 
Huron,  South  Dakota;  Dora,  wife  of  Fred  Schoen- 
leber,  in  South  Dakota;  Amelia,  wife  of  Gustave 
Thode,  a  farmer  in  Bazile  Mills,  Nebraska;  Mary, 
wife  of  Isaac  Van  Winkle,  in  Huron,  in  the  real  es- 
tate business ;  Helen,  wife  of  Edward  Van  Dyke,  at 
Southwick,  Idaho.  In  addition  to  other  business  trans- 
acted, Mr.  Daggett  learned  to  set  type  and  is  skilled 
in  that  line.  As  a  man  he  is  of  good  standing  and  am 
attractive  personality,  while  he  numbers  his  friends 
by  scores. 


WILFRED  L.  GIFFORD.  Although  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  has  not  been  so  long  a  resident  of 
Nez  Perces  county  as  some,  still  his  worthy  labors  and 
real  worth  entitle  him  to  representation  in  the  annals 
of  its  history,  while  also  on  the  reservation  portion  of 
the  county  he  has  been  one  of  the  real  pioneers. 

Wilfred  L.  Gifford  was  born  in  Cedar  county,  Io- 
wa, on  June  19,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Seth  and  Anna 
A.  (Buckman)  Gifford.  The  father  resides  at  Gif- 
ford and  the  mother  is  long  since  deceased.  Our 
subject  received  his  education  from  the  various  places 
where  he  lived  with  his  father,  who  is  mentioned  in 
this  volume.  He  remained  at  home  until  1800,  and 
then  entered  the  employ  of  the  F.  E.  &  M.  V.  R.  R. 
in  Nebraska,  continuing  there  for  four  years.  After  that 
he  turned  his  attention  to  developing  mining  prop- 
erties in  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota,  until  1898,  the 
date  of  his  advent  to  this  county,  his  father  having 
preceded  him.  He  homesteaded  his  present  place  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  three  and  one-half 
miles  northeast  from  Gifford.  The  land  is  adapted  to 
fruit  and  stock  and  in  these  lines  he  is  starting.  Dur- 
ing the  summer  of  1890  Mr.  Gifford  was  a  forest 
ranger  for  the  government  in  the  Bitter  Root  forest 
reserve.  He  was  deputy  sheriff  under  his  father  in 
Fall  River  county  and  had  thrilling  experiences  among 
the  outlaws  who  knew  the  terror  of  the  law  when  our 
subject  and  his  father  administered  it.  One  noted 
criminal,  Ed  Lehman,  was  apprehended  and  executed 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  June  23,  1891,  at  Hot  Springs,  South  Dakota, 
Mr.  Gifford  married  Miss  Tillie,  daughter  of  James 
and  Elizabeth  (Bellew)  Craven,  natives  of  Illinois 
and  Kentucky,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  promi- 
nent stockman  and  also  a  pioneer  across  the  plains  in 
1863.  having  made  much  money  in  the  placer  mines  in 
Montana.  Mrs.  Gifford  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  John  B.,  Woodson  B.,  both  residents  of 
South  Dakota  and  the  latter  county  commissioner  of 
Fall  River  county  for  four  years;  Lydia,  twin  sister 
to  Mrs.  Gifford;  Jimmie,  assistant  principal  and  dis- 
ciplinarian of  the  Gaylord  Institute  at  Platte  City, 
Missouri,  yet  her  home  is  in  Dakota  with  her  other 
sister.  Mrs.  Gifford  was  born  in  Clay  county,  Mis- 
souri. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gifford  have  one  child,  Bessie 
L.,  aged  ten.  Mr.  Gifford  is  a  member  of  the  Tin 
Centre  Lodge,  of  the  K.  of  P.,  No.  44;  also  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  Camp  No.  5545.  Mr.  Gifford  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  takes  an  active  and  intelligent  part  in  politi- 
cal matters.  He  stands  well  among  his  fellows  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  community.  He 
was  nominated  on  the  Republican  ticket  for  assessor 
and  ex-officio  tax  collector  of  the  N.  P.  Company  and 
was  elected  by  a  majority  of  four  hundred  and  sixty- 
one  votes,  and  will  begin  the  duties  of  the  office  Jan- 
uary i,  1902. 


JOHN  D.  STEVENS  is  a  leading  merchant  of 
the  reservation  region  of  Nez  Perces  county,  and 
at  present  is  doing  business  at  the  Star  Mills,  two 
miles  south  from  Lookout  postoffice.  He  is  a  repre- 
sentative business  man  and  public  minded  citizen  and 
an  enterprising  factor  in  the  progress  of  the  county. 

John  D.  Stevens  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Tennessee,  on  January  30,  1862,  being  the  son  of 
George  W.  and  Lydia  E.  (Dillingham)  Stevens,  na- 
tives of  Washington  county,  Tennessee,  and  North 
Carolina,  respectively.  In  1865  they  removed  to  Mc- 
Donough  county,  Illinois,  and  our  subject  grew  up 
on  the  farm  and  gained  his  education  from  the  com- 
mon schools.  In  1871  the  family  came  to  Kansas  and 
the  father  took  a  claim.  It  was  1890  that  our  sub- 
ject left  the  parental  roof  and  started  for  himself.  His 
first  journey  was  to  Polk  county,  Oregon,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  a  flouring  mill.  He  learned  the  trade 
of  the  engineer  and  the  arts  of  the  miller,  becoming 
a  practical  operator  in  both  these  important  lines.  He 
later  bought  an  interest  in  a  general  merchandise 
establishment.  He  wrought  there  until  1899,  and 
then  made  a  move  to  Willola  postoffice  on  the  reser- 
vation, where  he  was  postmaster  for  a  time  and  in  Oc- 
tober. 1901,  he  came  to  his  present  location  and  here 
he  is  doing  a  good  business.  He  is  a  business  man 
in  every  sense  of  the  word  and  his  affability  and  gen- 
ial ways,  added  to  his  talent,  are  making  for  him  a  fine 
trade. " 

At  Independence,  Oregon,  in  1892,  Mr.  Stevens 
married  Miss  Nettie,  daughter  of  James  and  Phila- 
delphia (Fry)  Ferguson,  natives  respectively  of  Can- 
ada and  England.  Mrs.  Ferguson  saw  Queen  Victoria 
crowned  before  leaving  the  old  country.  Mr.  Stevens 


has  three  brothers  :  James  F.,  living  in  Oregon  ;  DeWitt 
S.,  George  G.,  also  one  sister,  Semarimas,  wife  of  Will- 
iam F.  Gill,  in  Kansas.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stevens 
there  have  been  born  three  children,  Raymond  A., 
John  D.  and  Robert  N.  In  political  matters  Mr. 
Stevens  is  allied  with  the  Republicans  and  while  he 
does  not  press  for  personal  preferment  in  that  realm, 
he  always  takes  the  interest  in  governmental  affairs 
that  becomes  the  good  citizen. 


HENRY  JOHNSON  is  one  of  the  industrious 
and  substantial  men  who  live  in  the  vicinity  of  Gifford, 
his  estate  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  being  about 
one  mile  east  of  town  and  he  is  entitled  to  representa- 
tion in  the  history  of  his  county  as  he  has  done  much 
toward  the  development  and  upbuilding  of  the  county 
and  is  now  one  of  the  thrifty  and  progressive  farmers. 
He  handles  his  land  to  the  cereals,  raising  also  cat- 
tle, horses  and  hogs,  while  the  entire  premises  mani- 
fest the  neatness,  thrift  and  good  management  of  the 
proprietor. 

Henry  Johnson  was  born  in  Denmark,  on  Octo- 
ber i,  1870,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Cecil  (Samson) 
Johnson,  farmers  of  that  country.  Henry  grew  up  on 
the  farm  and  attended  private  school.  When  eight 
he  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  mother  and 
in  1887  he  came  to  this  country,  joining  an  uncle  in 
Shelby  county,  Iowa.  His  only  brother,  John  John- 
son, now  lives  in  Spokane.  For  two  years  our  subject 
wrought  in  Iowa  and  then  came  to  Whitman  county, 
Washington.  He  worked  on  the  railroad  construc- 
tion for  a  year  and  then  went  into  the  mines  in  Sho- 
shone  county,  where  he  remained  until  the  strike.  Re- 
turning to  Colfax  he  remained  one  year  and  then  came 
across  the  river  from  the  reservation,  in  order  to  be 
handy  when  the  land  was  opened.  He  was  there  the 
first  day  and  filed  on  November  30,  1895.  Since  that 
time  Mr.  Johnson  has  given  his  time  to  the  improve- 
ment of  his  land  and  he  has  one  hundred  and  twenty 
acres  of  the  excellent  land  of  this  section.  In  politi- 
cal matters  he  is  a  Democrat,  but  does  not  ever  press 
for  personal  preferment.  Mr.  Johnson  is  still  on  the 
ground  of  the  celibatarian,  having  never  embarked 

and  well  thought  of  by  all  and  is  one  of  the  up-to- 
date  men  and  public  minded  citizens. 


HUGH  PORTER  is  one  of  the  substantial  and 
prosperous  farmers  and  stock  raisers  of  the  vicinity 
of  Summit,  his  estate  of  eighty  acres  being  one  and 
one-half  miles  south  from  that"  place.  His  birth  was 
on  August  2,  1853,  in  Prince  Edward  county,  Ontario, 
and  his  parents  were  James  and  Jane  (Law)  Porter, 
natives  of  England  and  Ireland,  respectively.  The 
mother's  mother,  Ann  Law,  lived  to  be  one  hundred 
and  four  years  of  age  and  was  one  of  the  most  cele- 
brated midwives  of  the  country  where  she  lived.  She 
officiated  at  eight  hundred  births  and  lost  only  si* 


342 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


cases,  one  case  being  tripletts.  She  was  hale  and 
hearty  up  until  the  time  of  her  death.  At  ninety  she 
plaited  a  straw  hat  that  took  the  premium  in  their 
county  fair.  Our  subject's  parents  were  among  the 
leading  and  most  wealthy  people  of  their  section. 
Hugh  remained  at  home,  working  summers  and  at- 
tending school  winters  until  seventeen  and  then  he 
went  to  Santa  Clara  county,  California,  where  he  op- 
erated on  a  farm  and  in  'the  mercantile  realm  until 
1875,  when  he  removed  to  Nevada  county  and  took 
a  position  as  car  builder  on  the  Southern  Pacific. 
While  there,  the  town  being  Truckee,  he  married  in 
1879,  August  9,  Miss  Cora,  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Mary  (Kelleher)  Tomkins,  natives  of  Baltimore  and 
Ireland,  respectively.  The  father  died  in  Boston  when 
Mrs.  Porter,  his  only  child,  was  four  years  old.  The 
mother  married  Hugh  Xewell  later  and  they  went  to 
California.  Mr.  Porter  has  one  brother,  James,  in 
Sacramento,  and  three  sisters:  Martha,  wife  of  Reu- 
ben Lewis ;  Charlotte,  wife  of  Timothy  Lewis ;  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  James  Haggerty,  all  living  in  Canada. 

In  1888  Mr.  Porter  removed  with  his  family  to 
Sprague,  Washington,  and  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  In  1891  he  went  to  Hope,  Idaho, 
in  the  train  service,  later  to  Helena,  and  in  June,  1896, 
he  went  to  Kendrick.  In  1897  he  came  to  the  reserva- 
tion and  found  a  piece  of  land,  where  he  now  lives, 
that  had  been  overlooked,  every  one  supposing  it  to 
be  Indian  land.  He  raises  hay  and  the  cereals  and 

ter  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church;  she  is  a 
fine  musician  and  has  taught  the  art  considerably  in 
earlier  days.  Mr.  Porter  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Red  Cross  Lodge  of  the  K.  of  P.,  No.  28,  of  Spo- 
kane since  1879  ancl  nas  passed  all  but  the  highest 
chair  and  would  have  held  that  but  for  removal.  Mr. 
Newell,  brother  of  Mrs.  Porter's  step-father,  was  a 
prominent  educator  in  Baltimore  and  gained  a  national 
reputation  as  author  of  some  of  the  well  known  school 
books.  He  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  a  graduate 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Belfast  and  also  of  Trinity 
College,  Dublin.  He  held  the  position  of  principal 
of  the  state  normal  school  in  Baltimore  and  held  the 
chair  of  natural  sciences  in  Baltimore  College,  while 
at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  in  Maryland.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Porter  there  have  been  born  one  son,  Harold  E.,  liv- 
ing, ancl  two  children  deceased ;  Winnie  M.  and  Jos- 
eph G.,  both  swept  away  by  diphtheria  while  the  par- 
ents lived  in  California. 


PITTS  ELLIS.  It  is  not  often  that  one  finds  in 
the  rural  districts  of  the  country  a  man  of  the  genius 
and  ability  of  the  subject  of  this  article.  Mr.  Ellis 
is  not  only  an  agriculturist,  but  he  is  a  mechanic  and 
a  first-class  millwright,  while  also  he  holds  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  one  of  the  inventors  of  much  im- 
proved mill  machinery.  At  present  the  family  home 
is  two  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Summit  on  the 
farm,  while  the  mill  that  Mr.  Ellis  owns  is  near  Sum- 


mit.  With  the  help  of  his  son  Raymond,  who  is  also 
a  clever  mill  man,  Mr.  Ellis  built  not  only  the  mill, 
but  also  the  entire  machinery  in  it.  This  was  in  1901 
and  the  mill  is  a  fifty  barrel  capacity.  It  is  a  model 
plant  of  the  northwest.  The  rolls  are  different  from 
others  and  his  own  invention,  while  the  bolter  and 
sifter  he  constructed  from  models  which  he  evolved 
from  his  own  brain.  Tfie  mill  does  most  excellent 
work  and  is  a  triumph  of  the  ability  and  skill  of  our 
subject. 

Pitts  Ellis  was  born  in  Posey  couny,  Indiana,  on 
January  23,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Theo- 
dosia  (Phillips)  Ellis,  natives  of  Cayuga  county,  New 
York.  When  our  subject  was  six,  the  family  went 
to  Waukasha  county,  Wisconsin,  where  the  father  did 
a  general  merchandise  and  milling  business.  Pitts 
was  educated  there  in  the  high  school  and  at  the  age 
of  nineteen  went  to  teaching.  It  was  1872  that  he 
went  to  Nebraska,  where  he  taught  until  1881 ;  he 
then  taught  in  Denver  for  two  years.  In  1883  he 
went  to  Arkansas  City,  Arkansas,  and  built  his  first 
mill.  Sixteen  years  were  spent  in  operating  it  and 
then  Mr.  Ellis  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  built 
the  first  flour  mill  on  the  reservation.  He  traded  it 
for  his  present  place  and  later  the  mill  burned.  Then 
the  mill  we  first  mentioned  was  built  and  this  is  being 
operated  now.  Mr.  Ellis  also  handles  considerable 
grain  from  his  farm,  raises  good  graded  Poland  China 
hogs  and  Jersey  cows. 

On  July  7,  1880,  Mr.  Ellis  married  Miss  Olive, 
daughter  of  William  and  Lenora  (Hubbard)  Rose, 
natives  of  New  York.  Mrs.  Ellis  was  born  in  Sauk 
county,  Wisconsin,  and  was  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Ellis  in 
Vernon  county.  Her  family  went  to  Iowa  and  there 
her  wedding  occurred.  She  has  one  sister  and  four 
brothers:  Henry,  Hubert,  Daniel,  George,  Laura, 
wife  of  W.  A.  Simmons,  living  in  Denver,  Colorado. 
The  others  live  in  Colorado,  except  George,  who  is  a 
Congregational  minister  in  Idaho.  Mrs.  Ellis  is  now 
candidate  on  the  Prohibition  ticket  for  state  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction  and  is  active  in  W.  C. 
T.  U.  circles.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ellis  have  two  children : 
Raymond  and  Harold,  both  at  home.  Mr.  Ellis  is 
justice  of  the  peace,  elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
in  1900,  running  ahead  of  his  ticket.  Mrs.  Ellis' 
father,  her  brother  and  three  brothers-in-law  were  all 
in  the  Civil  war  and  came  through 'many  years  of  serv- 
ice without  a  wound.  Mr.  Ellis  has  one  brother  and 
four  sisters:  Edwin;  Julia,  wife  of  John  H.  Mocket, 
who  was  in  Company  K,  Twenty-eighth  Wisconsin 
Volunteers;  Sophronia,  wife  of  Richard  Mocket,  who 
was  in  the  Forty-third  Wisconsin  Volunteers ;  Hattie, 
wife  of  Andrew  W.  Dean;  Mary,  wife  of  Frank 
Clark,  who  served  four  years  in  the  Civil  war,  one  of 
which  was  in  Andersonville  prison. 


FRANK  MAYNARD,  JR.  In  matters  of  advance- 
ment and  development,  this  gentleman  is  always  in 
the  vanguard.  In  labors  to  build  up  beter  educa- 
tional advantages,  he  is  an  enthusiastic  worker  and  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


343 


the  walks  of  a  patriotic  citizen  and  good  neighbor  he 
is  second  to  none. 

Frank  Maynard  was  born  in  Guthrie  county,  Iowa, 
on  August  1 6,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Frank  and  Mary 
J.  (Costel)  Maynard.  The  father  was  born  in  Dela- 
ware county,  Indiana,  in  1839,  served  in  the  Civil 
war  under  General  Siegel  and  was  a  pioneer  in  Ore- 
gon and  in  Washington.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1844  and  her  father  was  a  native 
of  Maryland.  The  family  went  from  Iowa  to  Oregon 
in  1862,  crossing  the  plains  with  teams.  They  settled 
in  Multnomah  county  and  also  lived  in  Washington 
county  and  Yamhill  county  and  the  father  did  ranch- 
ing and  worked  at  saw-milling.  Frank  was  educated 
in  Portland,  spending  five  years  there.  In  1874  they 
came  to  Dayton,  Washington,  and  the  father  wrought 
in  a  planing  mill  and  there  our  subject  learned  both 
the  trade  of  the  carpenter  and  that  of  the  engineer. 
He  built  bridges  on  the  Northern  Pacific  for  three 
years,  then  farmed  a  while  and  after  that  was  engineer 
for  six  years  in  a  sawmill.  At  the  time  of  the  Nez 
Perces  war,  he  was  in  Dayton  and  enlisted,  but  before 
action  he  was  sent  back  on  account  of  his  youth.  In 
1895  Mr.  Maynard  located  a  claim  on  the  middle  fork 
in  Idaho  county  and  in  1898  he  came  to  Nez  Perces 
county,  where  he  now  resides,  one  mile  east  from  Sum- 
mit. 

On  July  27,  1891,  Mr.  Maynard  married  Mamie, 
daughter  of  James  .A.  and  Martha  Ellen  (Crumley) 
Berry,  natives  of  Tennessee.  Mrs.  Maynard  w'as 
born  in  Tennessee  in  1860  and  came  west  in 
1898.  She  has  five  brothers  and  five  sisters.  Mr. 
Maynard  has  six  brothers  and  three  sisters:  Mary 
A.  Boyles,  whose  husband  is  a  banker  and  landowner 
in  Colton,  Washington ;  James  M.,  in  the  Philippines ; 
Daniel  O.,  a  stockman  in  this  county;  lohn  W.,  de- 
ceased ;  Lulu  Hawker,  in  Colton,  Washington ;  Meade 
N.,  stock  owner  in  this  county;  Mollie,  deceased; 
Burt,  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Chester,  in  Whitman  coun- 
ty. By  her  former  marriage  Mrs.  Maynard  has  three 
children:  Vincent  E.,  Bulah  E.,  and  Mary  B.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maynard  there  has  been  born  one  child, 
Jaumta.  Mr.  Maynard  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U. 
W.  and  his  wife  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  Politi- 
cally, our  subject  is  a  warm  Republican  and  a  member 
of  the  club  of  the  county.  He  gives  his  attention  to 
raising  fruit  and  is  one  of  the  respected  and  substantial 
men  of  his  section. 


OLE  OLbEN.  Norway  has  sent  to  the  coasts  of 
America  many  of  her  stalwart  sons,  whose  brain  and 
brawn  have  materially  assisted  in  making  this  one 
of  the  grandest  countries  on  the  face  of  the  earth 
today.  One  among  this  worthy  number  is  named  at 
the  head  of  this  article  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
grant  to  him  consideration  in  the  volume  that  chroni- 
cles the  history  of  his  county. 

Ole  Olsen  was  born  in  northern  Norway  on  De- 
cember 6,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Ole  and  Karl  Even- 
sen,  natives  of  Norway.  Our  subject  grew  to  man- 


hood on  a  farm,  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  then  served  three  years  in  the  regular 
army.  In  April,  1885,  he  came  to  Hull,  England, 
across  the  North  Sea  and  thence  by  rail  to  Liverpool, 
whence  he  sailed  in  steamship  to  Quebec.  On  the 
coast  of  Newfoundland  they  had  much  trouble  in  the 
ice  floes  and  great  danger  of  demolition  threatened 
them.  From  Quebec,  Mr.  Olsen  came  to  Union 
county,  South  Dakota  and  there  farmed  for  four  years. 
On  July  6,  1889,  he  landed  in  Moscow  and  there  he 
wrought  for  wages  on  a  farm  for  four  years.  Then 
he  rented  a  farm  in  Whitman  county  and  in  1895  he 
selected  his  present  place  and  filed  on  it.  The  next 
year  he  moved  here  and  this  has  been  the  arena  of  his 
labors  and  successes  since  that  time.  Mr.  Olesen  has 
a  good  place  and  it  is  skillfully  handled  and  produces 
fine  annual  returns.  This  year  he  had  the  gratifica- 
tion of  harvesting  over  four  thousand  bushels  of 
grain.  He  has  a  good  house  and  other  improve- 
ments also  a  good  orchard  and  plenty  of  smaller 
fruits.  Mr.  Olsen  handles  some  stock  and  also  owns 
an  interest  in  a  threshing  machine  with  the  Hadford 
brothers.  He  is  a  man  of  uprightness  and  is  well 
respected  by  his  fellows. 


ISAAC  N.  LOUGH.  Descended  from  an  old  and 
honorable  family  whose  members  are  noted  for  tem- 
perance, integrity  and  honor,  and  from  whose  ranks 
many  were  found  to  fight  for  the  cause  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  principles  of  rectitude,  one  of  whom,  the 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  drummed  for  the  marshal- 
ling of  the  soldiers  in  the  war  of  1812,  beat  the  roll 
call  for  the  Mexican  conflict  and  was  on  hand  with 
drum  and  steady  and  active  hand  to  call  out  the  sup- 
porters of  the  Union  when  dark  clouds  of  strife  rent 
the  land  in  1861.  He  was  hoary  headed  then,  but  his 
vigor  and  patriotism  was  no  whit  behind  its  flow  of 
youthful  days. 

Isaac  N.  Lough  was  born  in  Cumberland  county, 
Kentucky,  on  February  27,  1851,  being  the  son  of 
Samuel  M.  and  Delilah  (Stolcup)  Lough,  mention  of 
whom  is  made  in  another  portion  of  this  work.  When 
five  years  old,  Isaac  came  with  the  balance  of  the  fam- 
ily to  Grayson  county,  Texas,  where  the  father  farmed 
and  raised  stock.  Nine  years  were  spent  there  and 
during  this  time  the  father  and  one  son.  |ohn,  were 
conscripted  in  the  Confederate  army.  The  mother 
died  in  Texas  and  the  father  had  married  a  second 
time.  Our  subject  and  his  brother,  Aaron,  two  years 
his  senior,  remained  at  home  and  cared  for  the  family. 
Here  Isaac  learned  to  spin  and  weave,  his  stepmother 
being  unable  to  do  so.  He  kept  the  family  in  clothes 
and  also  made  for  his  brother,  father  and  un- 
cle in  the  war.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
came  the  happy  time  of  reunion  of  the  fam- 
ily and  they  all  moved  to  P>arrv  county,  Mis- 
souri. There  Isaac  was  educated  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty-nine,  he  was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  mat- 
rimony with  Anna,  daughter  of  Uriah  and  Elizabeth 
(Ellmore)  Humphreys,  natives  of  Missouri.  The 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


mother's  cousin  was  the  noted  preacher,  Alfred  Ell- 
more,  of  Indiana.  Mrs.  Lough  was  born  in  northern 
Missouri  in  1862,  and  died  March  7,  1889.  She  was 
an  active  and  devout  member  of  the  Church  of  Christ 
and  a  beautiful  singer  of  gospel  songs.  She  died  firm 
in  the  faith  and  surely  went  to  the  reward  of  the 
Christian.  She  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters: 
George,  Isaac,  Gertrude  Marshall,  and  Eva.  Sub- 
sequent to  his  marriage  Mr.  Lough  moved  to  White 
river  and  farmed,  doing  well.  In  August,  1887,  he 
came  thence,  on  account  of  poor  health,  to  Latah  coun- 
ty and  rented  land  there  until  1896,  when  he  came 
to  his  present  place,  making  a  filing  two  miles  north- 
east from  Gifford.  The  next  April,  1897,  he  settled 
with  his  family.  He  had  rented  from  one  man  in 
Latah  county  for  eleven  consecutive  years  without  a 
line  of  writing.  Mr.  Lough  has  a  fine  farm,  good  barn 
and  other  improvements  and  is  about  to  erect  a 
beautiful  residence.  Mr.  Lough  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  John  T.,  George 
W.,  Sallie  Marshall,  Lee,  Alice  Mason,  Gran- 
ville  J.,  Bell  Stevens,  Amelia  and  David.  All 
but  the  first  two  were  offsprings  of  the 
stepmother.  Mr.  Lough  is  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  Christ  and  has  been  for  many  years  an  ac- 
tive and  conscientious  worker  in  it,  being  now  a  deacon 
in  the  Gifford  congregation.  He  votes  for  the  man 
rather  than  the  party  and  in  school  matters  he  is  well 
known  as  one  of  its  best  supporters.  He  is  one  of  the 
committee  on  the  fine  school  building  being  erected 
in  Gifford  now  and  it  is  due  to  his  efforts  largely 
that  it  is  being  materialized  now. 


JAY  W.  STROUSE  is  at  the  present  time  one  of 
the  leading  business  men  of  Peck,  being  proprietor  with 
Mr.  Gaylord  of  the  hardware  establishment  where  they 
are  doing  a  first  class  business  and  are  well  liked 
among  their  many  patrons,  whose  number  is  daily  in- 
creasing. 

Jay  W.  Strouse  was  born  in  Ogle  county.  Illinois, 
on  September  10,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and 
Rosina  A.  (Page)  Strouse.  The  father  was  a  car- 
penter, born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1837  and  died  in  1897. 
He  was  a  pioneer  in  northern  Illinois  and  a  soldier  in 
Company  E,  Forty-seventh  Illinois  Volunteers,  under 
General  A.  J.  Smith,  and  did  service  in  the  battles 
of  Blakely,  Dalton,  Island  No.  10  and  Mobile,  being 
a  faithful  and  brave  soldier.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Brattleborough,  Vermont,  in  1830  and  lives  in 
Wyoming.  Our  subject  grew  to  young  manhood  in 
Illinois,  serving  with  his  father  and  gaining  the  edu- 
cation to  be  had  from  the  public  schools.  When  nine- 
teen, he  came  with  the  family  to  Creston,  Union 
county,  Iowa,  and  then  attended  Drake  University,  at 
Des  Moines.  He  remained  at  Creston  working  at 
his  trade  of  carpentering  which  he  had  learned  from 
his  father  and  did  well  for  fourteen  years.  It  was 
1886,  that  he  came  to  Fall  River  county,  South  Da- 
kota. He  took  a  homestead,  worked  at  his  trade, 
connected  with  the  Oelrichs  Times  for  five  years  and 


for  five  years  was  its  editor  and  was  also  justice  of 
the  peace.  In  1897  he  sold  his  possessions  there  and 
came  west  to  the  reservation,  settling  first  at  Leland. 
Later  he  removed  to  Beeman,  operating  a  store  and 
acting  as  postmaster  for  one  year.  Then  he  came  to 
Peck,  and  in  1899  he  went  to  work  for  the  M.  W.  A. 
as  district  deputy  head  consul,  organizing  camps. 
Before  the  year  was  out  he  was  operating  a  saw  mill 
and  in  this  business  he  is  still  engaged,  having  also 
taken  up  the  hardware  business  as  we  mentioned 
above. 

On  November  19,  1888,  while  in  Dakota,  Mr. 
Strouse  warried  Miss  Ella  M.,  daughter  of  S.  S.  and 
Mary  (McCallister)  Pfautz,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Canada.  The  father's  ancestors  were  French 
Huguenots.  Mrs.  Strouse  was  born  in  Iowa  and  has 
one  brother  and  four  sisters,  John,  Anna,  Maggie, 
Lou,  and  Alice.  Mr.  Strouse  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Arthur,  Jacob,  Amelia  Robb, 
Minnie  Bone,  Erne  Campbell  and  Dora  Lumen.  To 
our  subject  and  his  wife  have  been  born  the  following 
named  children :  Vera,  Byron.  Mr.  Strouse  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  in  political  affiliation  he  is  a 
Republican.  He  is  especially  active  in  this  realm  and 
is  a  well  known  figure  of  influence  in  the  conven- 
tions. Mr.  Strouse  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Baptist  church.  Mr.  Strouse  is  a  public  spirited  man 
of  broad  views  and  a  good  substantial  citizen  of  wis- 
dom and  prestige. 


THOMAS  KIRBY.  A  more  enterprising,  ener- 
getic man,  with  ability  commensurate  therewith,  than 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  hard  to  find  in  the  state 
of  Idaho.  Mr.  Kirby,  while  maintaining  a  reputa- 
tion untarnished  and  unquestioned,  has  always  been 
at  the  head  in  any  line  of  enterprise  that  was 'for  the 
general  welfare  and  the  upbuilding  of  his  county  and 
state. 

A  more  detailed  account  will  furnish  interesting 
reading  for  the  history  of  our  county  and  therefore 
we  append  a  life's  review  of  Mr.  Kirby.  He  was  born 
in  Canada,  on  January  23,  1847,  being  the  son  of 
William  and  Mary  (Metcalf)  Kirby,  natives  of  En- 
gland. The  father  was  a  farmer  and  a  squire,  born 
in  1833  and  died  in  1895.  His  wife  was  born  in  1833, 
also,  and  died  in  1897.  Our  subject  remained  at  home 
in  Canada,  receiving  a  fine  education  which  fortified 
him  for  the  affairs  of  life  until  he  was  of  age.  He 
learned  the  tanner's  art  there.  When  his  majority 
arrived,  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  at 
Ottawa,  Kansas.  Two  years  later,  he  shipped  a  car 
of  furniture  and  drugs  to  Juliaetta  and  did  business 
there  for  one  year.  Then  he  sold  out  and  started  the 
town  of  Kendrick.  Mr.  Kirby  was  eminently  suc- 
cessful here  and  made  twenty  thousand  dollars,  but  in 
the  panic  of  1893,  he  lost  heavily.  He  then  operated 
in  grain  there  and  built  two  of  the  largest  ware- 
houses in  the  town.  In  1895,  Mr-  Kirby  came  to  the 
Nez  Perces  reservation,  settling  at  Peck.  In  1898,  he 
started  the  town  and  is  now  one  of  the  large  property 
owners  of  the  site. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


345 


On  November  8,  1874,  Mr.  Kirby  married  Miss 
May,  daughter  of  Smieron  and  Agnes  Hall,  natives 
of  England  and  Scotland,  respectively.  The  nup- 
tials occurred  in  Longton,  Kansas.  Mrs.  Kirby  was 
born  in  Canada  in  1850  and  has  two  brothers  and  three 
sisters.  Mr.  Kirby  has  one  brother,  John,  in  Canada. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kirby  there  have  been  born  three 
children,  Rollie,  a  furniture  dealer  in  Peck;  Eiler, 
deceased;  Lulu  Herres  in  Peck.  Mr.  Kirby  deals  in 
real  estate,  is  the  postmaster  of  the  town,  and  does 
notary  work.  He  is  an  active  Republican  and  a  po- 
tent factor  in  the  field  of  politics.  Since  1897,  Mr. 
Kirby  has  been  manager  of  the  exhibit  from  Ken- 
drick,  and  from  Nez  Perces  county  in  1899,  1900, 
for  the  interstate  exposition  at  Spokane,  and  has  won 
the  silver  cup  twice  above  all  competitors.  One  of 
the  cups  is  worth  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  Mr. 
Kirby  is  especially  talented  in  this  line  and  is  able 
to  handle  things  as  they  should  be.  Recognizing  this 
ability,  he  was  appointed  as  one  of  the  World's  Fair 
commissioners  from  Nez  Perces  county,  while  he  has 
been  appointed  by  the  Idaho  state  commissioners  to 
superintend  the  exhibit  at  St.  Louis,  and  in  addition 
to  this,  the  governor  of  Idaho  has  appointed  Mr. 
Kirby  to  collect  specimens  from  the  state  of  Idaho  to 
be  exhibited  at  the  Lewis  Clark  exposition  in  Port- 
land in  1905.  He  has  already  a  goodly  showing  and 
is  prosecuting  this  work  with  vigor  and  intelligence. 
Mr.  Kirby  is  full  of  the  right  kind  of  energy  and  all 
know  that  when  he  takes  hold  of  a  thing,  it  will  go. 
He  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  his  fellow  townsmen  and 
is  worthy  of  the  respect  and  prestige  which  he  gener- 
ously enjoys.  He  is  a  man  of  integrity  and  very  much 
credit  is  due  him  for  the  excellent  labors  he  has  done  to 
bring  this  section  of  the  country  to  the  front. 


DAVID  S.  WILLIAMS  is  one  of  the  important 
factors  in  the  industrial  realm  of  Latah  and  Nez 
Perces  counties,  although  at  the  present  time  he  is 
located  on  a  farm  four  miles  west  from  Ahsahka, 
which  is  the  family  residence.  He  has  been  a  man  of 
energy  and  talent  and  many  places  have  been  built 
up  by  his  labors  and  skill.  In  addition  to  farming, 
Mr.  Williams  is  a  skilled  contractor  and  builder. 

David  S.  Williams  was  born  in  Clearmont  county, 
Ohio,  on  October  17,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Alexander 
and  Lydia  A.  (Smith)  Williams,  natives  of  Ohio. 
The  father  was  born  in  1818.  settled  as  a  pioneer  in 
Adams  county,  Illinois  in  1849,  and  died  in  1898. 
The  mother  was  born  in  1825  and  died  in  1895.  David 
labored  with  his  father  and  attended  school  until 
twenty- two  and  then  in  1871,  he  took  a  trip  to  the 
plains  and  spent  seven  months  shooting  buffalo.  Re- 
turning to  Illinois,  he  settled  to  farming  for  two  years 
and  then  went  to  Cass  county,  Missouri  and  took  up 
farming  and  raising  mules.  Three  years  later,  he  went 
to  Labette  county,  Kansas,  and  two  years  after  that 
he  was  in  Arkansas.  One  year  there  and  we  find  Mr. 
Williams  in  Chautauqua  county,  Kansas,  where  he 
took  land,  farmed  and  raised  stock.  Two  years  later 


he  went  to  Indian  Territory  and  leased  land  from  the 

Cherokees  and  farmed.     We  next  see  Mr.  Williams 

in  Coffeyville,  Kansas,  where  he  contracted  and  did 

bridge  building.     In  1887,  he  came  west  to  Pomeroy, 

Washington,  and  for  one  year  he  contracted  building 

in  that  town.     Next  he  came  to  Genesee  and  built 

lany  of  the  edifices  there.     Taking  a  homestead  on 

'   lar  creek,  Nez  Perces  county,  he  commuted  four 

rs  later  and  sold.     He  bought  a  ranch  near  Julia- 

i  and  farmed  for  nine  years.     It  was  1901,  when 

came  to  his  present  place  and  he  has  a  first  class 

:e  and  good  buildings. 

On  November  4,  1873,  in  Illinois,  Mr.  Williams 
married  Miss  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Cornelius  and 
Jane  (Byers)  Humphrey,  natives  of  Illinois  and  Ten- 
nessee. The  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Morgan  county. 
Mrs.  Williams  was  born  in  Brown  county,  Illinois,  in 
1855  and  has  one  brother,  John,  in  Colorado,  and  one 
sister,  Jennie  Thyre,  at  Bartlettsville,  Indian  Territory. 
Mr.  Williams  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters:  Amos  and  Stephan,  who  were  in  the  Civil 
war,  Harvey,  Abigail,  Rachel,  Martha,  and  Laura.  To 
our  worthy  subject  and  his  estimable  wife,  there  have 
been  born  six  children,  Martha  D.  Craig,  Cornelia 
O'Keiffe,  Anna,  Allen  A.,  Cora,  and  Nora.  The  fam- 
ily affiliate  with  the  Baptist  church.  In  Chautauqua 
county,  Mr.  Williams  was  school  treasurer,  being 
elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  He  has  served  on 
school  boards  for  fifteen  years  and  has  done  much  for 
the  cause  of  education. 


GEORGE  W.  BASHOR  is  one  of  the  leading  busi- 
ness farmers  on  the  reservation.  He  handles  his 
whole  affairs  with  a  wisdom  and  execution  that  have 
made  him  especially  successful,  while  his  standing 
among  his  fellows  is  of  the  very  best  and  his  popular- 
ity wherever  he  is  known  makes  him  hosts  of  friends. 

George  W.  Bashor  was  born  in  Washington  coun- 
ty, West  Tennessee,  on  September  6,  1856,  being  the 
son  of  Michael  M.  and  Susan  (Garst)  Bashor.  The 
parents  were  bom  in  Rockingham  county,  Virginia. 
George  remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty-one, 
gaining  a  good  education.  When  he  was  sixteen  the 
family  went  to  Colorado,  and  in  Apishapa,  Mr.  Bash- 

chandise  establishment.  Two  years  were  spent  there 
and  during  this  time,  July  18,'  1878,  being  the  date, 
Mr.  Bashor  married  Miss  Mary  A.,  daughter  of 
James  K.  and  Mary  A.  (Whistler)  Gwin,  natives  of 
Virginia.  The  father  is  deceased  but  the  mother 
lives  with  her  son,  James  F.,  three  miles  southwest 
from  Summit.  Mrs."  Bashor  has  the  following  sisters 
and  brothers:  Jacob  M.,  deputy  assessor  at  Lewiston; 
Toseph  A.,  in  Walla  Walla  county  farming :  Tames  F. ; 
Phoebe  I.,  widow  of  Robert  G.  Sipe,  in  Colorado; 
Emma,  wife  of  William  H.  Whitney,  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts.  Mr.  Bashor's  mother's  brothers  are 
William  Garst,  killed  in  the  Civil  war,  John  Garst, 
both  of  them  in  the  Union  army.  Mr.  Bashor's 
brothers  and  sisters  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 


346 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


volume.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bashor  there  have  been 
born  the  following  children:  Lester  W.,  Oscar  E., 
Archie  A.,  Horace,  Ernest  G.,  Charles,  Clara  E.  Mr. 
Bashor  is  a  member  of  the  German  Baptist  church  and 
his  wife  belongs  to  the  Methodist  denomination. 

In  the  spring  of  1883,  Mr.  Bashor  and  his  family 
came  to  Garfield  county,  Washington,  and  there  he 
preempted  a  claim  near'Pomeroy  and  for  seven  years 
he  was  numbered  with  the  leading  agriculturists  of 
the  section.  In  1891  he  came  to  Latah  county,  bought 
a  quarter  near  Kenclrick  and  tilled  it  until  1898.  In 
that  year  he  came  to  his  present  place.  Miss  Alma 
Camp  had  filed  on  it  and  before  proving  up,  she 
married  and  her  husband  was  holding  a  claim.  There- 
fore Al  Rockwell  contested  her  right,  but  as  Mr. 
Bashor  held  possession  and  had 
ments,  he  contested  the  latt 


r  ga 


the  cle 


...iprove- 

ind   the   secretary  of 
Mr.  Bashor  lias  a 


fine  claim,  is  improving  it  in  excellent  shape 
make  it  a  beautiful  rural  home  as  well  as  a  good  divi- 
dend producer.  He  does  general  farming  and  handles 
hogs,  good  graded  cows  and  does  dairying.  Politi- 
cally, Mr.  Bashor  is  a  Republican  and  has  been  a  dele- 
gate to  all  the  county  and  some  of  the  state  con- 
ventions. 


CLARA  J.  THOMPSON.  The  ones  who  have 
the  enterprise  and  wisdom  to  handle  the  resources  of 
the  fertile  regions  of  the  reservation  country  are  the 
ones  who  deserve  mention  in  the  history  that  chronicles 
the  annals  of  the  country  and  surely  then,  the  worthy 
lady  mentioned  above  is  entitled  to  this  place. 

Mrs.  Clara  J.  Thompson  was  born  in  Lee  county, 
Iowa,  on  February  9,  1860,  and  her  parents  were  Enos 
and  Mary  A.  (Marshall)  Puckett.  The  father  was 
born  in  Ohio,  in  1834,  and  now  lives  in  Lawrence, 
Kansas.  He  has  labored  long  and  faithfully  in  the 
gospel  in  the  Quaker  church.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1833,  and  died  on  January 
31,  1900.  When  Mrs.  Thompson  was  seven  years  old 
the  family  went  to  Adair  county,  Missouri,  and  three 
years  later  returned  to  Iowa.  After  three  years  of  resi- 
dence in  Mills  county  a  move  was  made  to  Plattsmouth, 
Nebraska,  whence  one  year  later,  they  returned  to 
Iowa.  Two  years  more  in  the  Hawkeye  state  and  they 
all  went  to  Jewell  county,  Kansas. 

On  March  15,  1885,  our  subject  was  married  to 
Robert  Thompson  and  three  sons  were  born  to  this 
union.  Harry  W.,  Benjamin  R.,  and  William  H.,  all 
with  their  mother.  One  year  after  the  marriage,  Mrs. 
Thompson  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Guy,  Washington, 
and  remained  there  sixteen  years.  In  the  spring  of 
1902  she  came  to  her  present  place,  three  and  one-half 
miles  northeast  from  Gifford.  She  bought  a  fine  farm, 
and  with  her  sons  she  is  handling  it  in  a  very  skillful 
manner.  The  estate  is  provided  with  seven  springs  of 
fine  water,  is  improved  with  good  buildings  and  lies 
in  a  commanding  position.  Annually  this  land  pro- 
duces excellent  returns  of  grains,  fruits  and  vegetables. 
Mrs.  Thompson  has  taken  a  divorce  from  Mr.  Thomp- 
son. When  thirteen,  Mrs.  Thompson  united  with  the 


Methodise  church  and  now  is  a  member  of  the  United 
Brethren  church.  She  takes  an  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  the  county  and  votes  the  Prohibition  ticket.  She  is 
preparing  to  send  her  boys  to  college  as  soon  as  their 
age  will  warrant,  and  in  every  respect  Mrs.  Thompson 
is  a  progressive  and  wise  woman  and  is  secure  in  the 
esteem  of  all  who  know  her. 


JASPER  N.  MOUNCE.  An  estate  of  eight  hun- 
dred acres,  well  tilled,  fenced  and  cared  for,  embellished 
with  a  first  class  orchard,  an  imposing  ten-room  house 
of  modern  architectural  design,  commodious  barn  and 
all  out  buildings  needed  on  such  an  estate,— such  is 
the  attractive  and  valuable  home  place  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  It  is  situated  sixteen  miles  southeast 
from  Lewiston  and  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  places 
in  the  county.  On  September  30,  1879,  ^r-  Mounce 
came  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  took  a  portion  of  this 
place  as  homestead  and  preemption,  paying  the  former 
settler  well  for  this  right.  Thus  he  is"  one  of  the  old 
pioneers.  He  came  with  four  hundred  and  fifty  dol- 
lars and  the  first  winter  spent  it  all  through  sickness. 
Since  that  time  he  has  labored  steadily  and  wisely  here 
and  the  grand  showing  he  has  made  demonstrates  his 
ability  and  skill. 

It  will  be  pleasant  to  note  the  details  of  the  domestic 
life  of  our  subject.  We  see  that  he  was  born  in  Linn 
county.  Iowa,  on  June  12,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Jo- 
seph W.  and  Christiana  (Shoe)  Mounce.  The  father 
was  a  farmer,  born  in  Ohio,  in  1818  and  died  in  1864. 
His  grandmother  lived  to  be  over  eighty  but  his  grand- 
father died  aged  sixty,  they  both  being  early  pioneers 
to  Iowa.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, in  1827,  came  to  America  when  five  years  of 
age  and  died  in  1874.  Jasper  N.  started  out  in  life  for 
himself  when  thirteen.  He  worked  for  an  uncle  for 
two  years  and  when  sixteen  went  to  Utah.  He  freight- 
ed ore,  logged  and  worked  in  a  saw  mill,  drove  cattle, 
and  then  mined  in  the  Hidden  Treasure.  Two  years 
in  this  latter  place  and  then  he  went  to  Nevada,  return- 
ing to  the  same  mine  and  later  he  went  to  Iowa.  Two- 
years  later  he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county,  as  mentioned 
above,  and  the  unbounded  success  that  he  has  achieved 
here  stamps  him  as  a  capable  and  wise  man. 

In  Linn  county,  Iowa,  May  22,  1878,  Mr.  Mounce 
married  Emma,  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Elizabeth  S. 
(Newman)  McLeod.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born 
in  North  Carolina,  on  February  24,  1829,  and  died  in 
1883.  The  mother  was  born  in  Kentucky,  on  March 
18,  1835,  and  died  in  1883.  Mrs.  Mounce'  was  born  in 
Linn  county,  Iowa,  on  September  13,  1860,  and  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters,  Nancy  J.,  David  A., 
deceased,  William  T.,  Amanda  E.,  deceased,  James  N., 
Micha  J.,  and  Eunice  N.  Among  her  ancestors  was 
Norman  McLeod  of  Scotland,  a  minister,  whose  ser- 
mons were  so  favored  by  the  Queen  of  England.  On 
her  mother's  side  of  the  house,  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Benton,  the  state  senator  and  father  of  Jessie  Fremont 
Benton,  the  noted  writer.  Mr.  Mounce  was  one  of  the 
following  named  children,  Malan  D.,  killed  in  the  Civil 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


war  at  Springfield,  Missouri,  when  seventeen ;  Francis 
M.,  Artensa  .].,  Aiargaret  C,  Arthalinda,  deceased, 
Christopher  C.,  deceased,  Adusta,  deceased,  Nancy  M., 
Vesta  A.,  Americus  V.,  Goldsbery,  and  Joseph  W.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mounce,  there  have  been  born  the  fol- 
lowing named  children,  Earl,  Nyda,  Owen,  mention 
of  whom  is  made  farther  on  in  this  article ;  Wayne,  at- 
tending State  Normal  school ;  Mabel,  who  has  excelled 
in  music ;  Blanche,  at  home.  Mr.  Mounce  is  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He  is  an  active  Democrat 
,  and  a  potent  influence  in  political  matters,  but  he  has 
never  accepted  preferment  for  himself.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mounce  each  had  uncles  in  the  Civil  war. 

We  wish  to  mention  in  this  connection  the  remark- 
able career  of  the  son  Owen.  He  has  achieved  a  suc- 
cess at  the  age  of  eighteen  that  few  have  gained  even 
after  a  life  long  effort.  Last  year  he  gained  fifteen 
thousand  dollars  for  his  services  in  riding  race  horses. 
He  stands  at  the  head  in  this  line.  He  has  even  sur- 
.passed  Todd  Sloane,  and  there  is  but  one  rider  in  the 
world  who  can  in  any  way  claim  to  be  in  the  lead. 
Owen  rode  for  August  Belmont  last  year  and  the  Cali- 
fornia Jockey  Club  presented  him  with  a  beautiful  and 
costly  whip.  He  won  last  year  more  stakes  than  all 
eastern  riders  and  all  other  American  boys  that  ride 
in  England.  He  won  in  actual  count,  one  hundred  and 
thirty-one  races  in  the  winter  of  1900  and  1901.  At 
this  present  writing,  he  is  visiting  at  home  and  he  has 
earned  his  success  in  meritorious  and  hard  labor.  Nez 
Perces  county  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  having  this 
successful  young  man  in  her  precincts. 

Our  subject  "has  built  a  ten-room  house  in  Lewiston 
and  will  move  his  family  there,  for  the  benefit  of 
schools. 


JOHN  M.  NELSON.  A  man  in  the  vanguard  of 
progress  in  Nez  Perces  county,  a  skillful  and  enter- 
prising agriculturist,  and  withal  a  man  of  sound  prin- 
ciples and  good  capabilities,  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  accord  to  John  M.  Nelson  representation  in  the  vol- 
ume of  his  county's  history.  He  was  born  in  Adams 
county,  Illinois,  near  puincy,  on  May  28,  1867,  being 
the  son  of  James  R.  and  Mary  C.  (Ruddell)  Nelson, 
both  born  near  Quincy,  also,  the  father  in  1842,  his 
parents  being  dead,  and  the  mother's  parents  are  dead 
also.  They  were  pioneers  of  the  section  of  Illinois  ad- 
jacent to  Quincy.  The  parents  of  our  subject  re- 
moved from  Adams  county  to  Marion  county,  Iowa, 
when  he  was  seven  years  of  age.  Two  years  later  they 
removed  to  the  vincinity  of  Walla  Walla,  going  by  way 

the  trip.  The  father  took  a  homestead  and  farmed 
there  for  four  years  and  then  went  to  Tammany  hol- 
low, settled  on  a  homestead  and  there  resides  now.  Un- 
til he  arrived  at  the  age  of  majority,  John  M.  labored 
with  his  father  when  he  started  in  the  world  for  himself. 
He  farmed  in  this  county  two  years  and  then  went  to 
Lincoln  county,  Washington,  and  farmed  for  seven 
years.  During  this  time  he  spent  one  year  prospecting 
in  British  Columbia.  Then  he  returned  to  Nez  Perces 
county  and  prospected  in  Thunder  Mountain  district, 


with  the  gratifying  result  that  of  locating  with  others 
the  properties  that  made  the  camp  famous.  At  the 
close  of  a  year  he  returned  to  the  farm  where  he  now 
lives,  ten  miles  southeast  from  Lewiston  and  to  this 
he  has  given  his  attention,  also  handling  a  threshing 
machine  and  two  headers.  He  is  very  enterprising  and 
is  a  leader  in  his  section.  He  has  a  half  section  of 
land  all  under  cultivation  and  has  enough  crops  in  addi- 
tion to  make  fourteen  hundred  acres  all  told ;  he  owns 
nearly  five  hundred  head  of  cattle. 

On  August  5,  1899,  Mr.  Nelson  married  Clara  M. 
(Flickinger)  Robertson,  daughter  of  George  W.  and 
Sarah  A.  (Kuntz)  Flickinger,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
born  in  1830  and  1832,  respectively.  Mrs.  Nelson  is  a 
native  of  Iirmois,  born  February  25,  1868,  and  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Flora  E.  Morey, 
Susanna  Webb,  Amos  E.,  and  Alice  Noel.  Mr.  Nelson 
has  brothers  and  sisters  named  as  follows,  Commo- 
dore, Sarah  Whitcomb,  Frank,  Horace,  Riley,  George, 
Martha  McCoy,  Joseph,  and  Ernest.  Mr.  Nelson  is  a 
member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.  at  Lewiston.  He  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat and  active  in  political  matters.  Mrs.  Nelson  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr.  Nelson  had 
three  uncles,  John,  Dee,  and  George  Ruddle,  who 
fought  in  the  Civil  war.  Mrs.  Nelson's  father  was  a 
soldier  in  the  same  war  and  marched  with  Sherman 
to  the  sea.  He  died  in  1892  but  his  widow  still  lives  in 
Kansas. 


FRED  DIETERLE.  The  honest  industry  and 
merit  of  the  subject  of  this  article  have  given  him  an 
unquestioned  standing  of  influence  and  esteem  among 
the  people  of  Peck  and  vicinity.  Mr.  Dieterle  owns  and 
operates  a  first-class  blacksmith  shop  in  Peck  and  is 
one  of  the  substantial  and  worthy  citizens  who  have 
manifested  enterprise  and  energy  in  the  upbuilding  of 
that  progressive  town. 

Like  so  many  of  the  most  industrious  and  thrifty 
people  of  this  country,  our  subject  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, on  April  9,  1862.  The  father  died  in  1864.  The 
mother  was  born  in  1829  and  died  in  1897.  Fred  left 
home  at  the  age  of  twelve,  having  completed  his  edu- 


wen     o  wor      or      e  negorng    armers.  een 

he   began   his    apprenticeship    in   the    wagon    making 


c  determined  to  seek  other  and  newer  fields  and  ac 
rdinglv,  in  1880,  he  came  to  America.  We  find  hin 
ext  in  Lafayette,  Indiana,  and  then  two  years  were 

- 


x n  aayee,  nana,  an  ten  two  years  were 
spent  in  Brookston,  that  state,  mastering  the  intrica- 
cies of  the  blacksmith's  art.  In  1882  he  removed  to 
Iowa  and  five  years  were  spent  in  traveling  about  and 
viewing  the  country.  Then  he  settled  in  Iowa  county 
and  wrought  until  1890.  Again  he  went  to  Brookston, 
Indiana,  and  there  handled  implements  extensively  un- 
til 1897.  At  this  time  a  move  was  made  to  Buyrus, 
Kansas,  and  in  1898  Mr.  Dieterle  came  west  and  op- 
erated a  shop  for  two  years.  Then  he  took  land  near 
Peck  and  opened  a  shop  in  that  town.  His  family 
occupy  the  homestead  and  he  is  now,  in  partnership 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


with  J.  F.  Phar,  conducting  a  first-class  blacksmith 
and  wagon  shop. 

In  1886,  in  Iowa,  Mr.  Dieterle  married  Miss  I.  C., 
daughter  of  Isaac  and  Rebecca  (Hostler)  Merchant, 
natives  of  Ohio.  Mr.  Merchant  was  a  school  teacher. 
Mrs.  Dieterle  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1868.  She  has 
five  brothers,  Clem,  Robert,  Isaac,  Luther,  and  Frank. 
Mr.  Dieterle  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
Bernhard,  Chris,  Andrew,  Godford,  Anna,  and  George. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dieterle  there  have  been  born  the 
following  named  children,  Eva,  Irene,  Glen,  Almon, 
Pierre,  Lorries.  Mr.  Dieterle  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.  in  Peck.  He  is  also  a  director  of  the  schools 
and  labors  incessantly  for  good  schools.  In  addition 
to  hi?  business,  which  is  prosperous,  Mr.  Dieterle  has 
a  fine  farm,  supplied  with  good  buildings,  orchard,  and 
"y  home. 


fine  farm,  supplied  with  good 
D  forth,  and  this  is  the  family  1 


ORIN  EVANS  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the 
vicinity  of  Gifford  and  has  a  fine  farm  adjoining  town, 
where  he  raises  all  the  cereals  and  is  making  a  good 
success  of  corn.  He  is  a  man  of  excellent  standing  in 
the  community,  has  always  manifested  integrity  and 
uprightness  and  is  one  of  the  reliable,  intelligent,  en- 
terprising and  up  to  date  men  of  the  county. 

Orin  Evans  was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  New 
York,  on  October  20,  1844,  being  the  son  of  Albert 
and  Maryette  (Carnegie)  Evans,  natives  of  New 
Hampshire.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  was 
eduated  in  public  and  private  schools  and  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Civil  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Ninety-fourth  New  York  Volunteers,  Second  Corps, 
under' Pope.  The  date  of  this  was  January,  1862.  On 
August  29  he  was  wounded  at  the  second  Bull  Run, 
by  a  gunshot  in  the  thigh.  Forty-eight  hours  he  lay 
on  the  field,  and  seven  days  on  the  road  before  he  got 
to  the  hospital  in  Washington.  One  year  was  spent  in 
languishing  in  this  hospital  and  then  he  returned  home. 
He  had  previously  been  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mount- 
ain and  in  the  Shenandoah  valley  conflict.  His  broth- 
er Gilman  enlisted  in  the  same  corps,  Thirty-fifth  New 
York,  Company  I,  and  two  vears  later  he  enlisted  in 
Company  L.  Eighteenth  Cavalry.  Mr.  Evans  has  three 
brothers,  Gilman,  James  and  Warren,  all  in  Jasper 
county,  Missouri.  He  also  has  one  sister,  who  lives 

In  Jefferson  county,  New  York,  Mr.  Evans  mar- 
ried Miss  Fanny,  daughter  of  Lewis  and  Delia  (Ly- 
man)  Barrett,  and  one  child  was  born  to  them,  Fred 
B.,  now  a  practicing  physician  in  Pineville.  Missouri. 
Mr.  Evans  farmed  in  New  York  until  1882  and  then 

wife.  But  March  17,  1886,  she  was  called  away,  in 
Jasper  county,  Missouri.  In  December,  1887,  Mr. 
Evans  married  a  second  time,  the  nuptials  occurred  at 
Golden  City,  Missouri,  and  Miss  Cardie  Cleveland, 
became  his  wife.  Her  father,  Larkin,  is 
mentioned  fully  in  this  work.  To  this  mar- 
riage three  children  have  been  born,  Bessie, 
Alma  Bell,  deceased,  and  Orin,  the  latter  being  aged 


six.  In  1892  Mr.  Evans  came  to  Kendrick  and  there 
started  a  small  orchard  adjoining  Kendrick.  He  still 
owns  the  same  and  when  the  reservation  opened  he 
came,  in  1896,  and  filed  a  contest  on  the  place  he  now 
occupies.  It  being  decided  in  his  favor,  gave  him  a  fine 
farm  and  he  devotes  his  attention  to  its  improvement 
and  culture.  Mr.  Evans  is  a  Republican  and  went  one 
thousand  miles  to  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln  in  time 
of  war.  He  is  not  especially  active  but  takes  an  in- 
telligent part  in  political  matters.  Mr.  Evans  is  one  of 
the  men  whose  influence  and  life  have  been  for  progress 
and  upbuilding  and  he  is  the  recipient  of  great  respect 
and  full  confidence  from  his  fellows. 


WILLIAM  O.  TUMELSON.  It  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  consideration  to  this  young 
and  substantial  citizen  of  Nez  Perces  county,  who  has 
displayed  such  commendable  zeal  in  bringing  about. 
improvement  and  progress  in  the  county.  His  pres- 
ent home  is  on  the  ranch  which  he  took  as  wild  land 
from  the  government,  five  miles  west  from  Peck. 

William  O.  Tumelson  was  born  in  Cowley  county, 
Kansas,  on  December  12,  1875,  bein&  a  son  of  Will- 
iam C.  and  Sarah  E.  Tumelson,  who  are  mentioned  in 
another  portion  of  this  work.  William  lived  at  home 
until  he  was  nineteen,  gained  a  good  education  and 
learned  the  art  of  the  engineer.  When  nineteen  he 
came  to  Latah  county  and  wrought  in  handling  a 
hydraulic  in  the  mines  at  Cold  Hill.  He  did  well  there 
for  three  years  and  in  1897  came  to  the  reservation 
and  located  his  present  ranch.  In  addition  to  handling 
this  ranch,  he  has  operated  a  steam  thresher  for  a  por- 
tion of  each  year.  These  years,  with  the  time  in  the 
east,  make  a  total  of  ten  years  which  he  has  devoted 
to  this  important  industry  and  he  is  very  skillful  in  it. 

On  February  26,  1899,  Mr.  Tumelson  married  Miss 
Etta  M.,  daughter  of  John  T.  and  Rosa  (Duston) 
Springston.  The  nuptials  occurred  in  this  county. 
Mrs.  Tumelson  was  born  in  Garnett,  Kansas,  on  April 
18,  1881.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  happy 
union,  Gladys  and  Edna.  Mr.  Tumelson  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  takes  a  progressive  part  in  the  advancement 
of  educational  facilities.  He  has  a  good  farm,  handles 
it  skillfully  and  is  gaining  a  fine  bunch  of  stock,  while 
his  land  is  adapted  to  raising  all  kinds  of  cereals,  in- 
cluding corn.  He  stands  well  in  the  community  and 
is  a  man  of  reliability. 


DAVID  BLACK.  It  is  gratifying  to  have  the 
pleasure  to  grant  space  to  an  esteemed  gentleman,  such 
as  we  now  speak  of,  in  the  volume  of  the  annals  of  Nez 
Perces  county,  since  he  is  a  man  of  ability  and  influ- 
ence and  has  done  a  commendable  part  in  the  sub- 
stantial upbuilding  of  the  newly  opened  reservation. 

David  Black  was  born  in  Northumberland  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  October  3,  1849,  being  a  son  of  James 
and  Mary  (Carter)  Black.  The  father  was  born  in 
1808,  being  on^  of  a  family  of  five  children,  Jeremiah, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


William,  Mary  and  Elizabeth,  besides  James.  Jere- 
miah was  for  years  supreme  judge  in  Pennsylvania. 
William  was  a  large  farmer  in  Michigan.  James  passed 
away  when  he  was  eighty-two.  Our  subject's  father 
was  educated  for  a  lawyer  and  a  Catholic  priest.  Not 
liking  the  priesthood,  lie  then  turned  his  attention  to 
medicine  and  graduated  from  the  leading  colleges  of 
his  time.  His  trend  was  rather  for  quiet  retirement  and 
therefore  he  did  not  press  for  personal  recognition,  but 
he  was  a  man  of  deep  erudition,  with  a  masterful  mind, 
well  cultured  and  refined  and  he  could  have  easily  won 
professional  distinction,  had  his  taste  been  in  that  di- 
rection. He  compiled,  but  did  not  publish,  two  large 
volumes  on  the  forecasts  of  the  weather,  which  cov- 
ered a  period  of  sixty  years  and  was  a  work  of  great 
labor  and  worth.  Our  subject's  paternal  grandfather, 
John  Black,  ran  away  from  Ireland  when  fifteen  and 
came  to  America.  He  married  a  Scotch  girl  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  settled  down  to  shoemaking  . 

Our  subject  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  was  well  edu- 
cated both  by  the  constant  training  of  his  father  as  well 
as  in  the  schools  of  the  day.  He  remained  with  his 
parents  until  he  was  thirty-three  and  then  went  to  Mis- 
souri. His  marriage  occurred  on  September  10.  1883, 
Miss  Eliza  M.,  daughter  of  Larkin  and  Minerva 
(Parker)  Cleveland,  mention  of  whom  is  specially 
made  in  this  volume,  then  becoming  his  wife.  The 
following  children  have  been  born  to  them :  Corda  G., 
Robert,  William  A.,  George  O.,  Ralph  E.  and  Orval 
C.  Mrs.  Black  was  born  on  July  4,  1862,  in  Monroe 
county,  Tennessee.  Mr.  Black  has  one  brother,  Will- 
iam, living  in  Missouri,  and  one  brother,  who  died  in 
infancy.  His  sister,  Mary  Ann,  who  was  born  March 
7,  1855,  died  March  20,  1888,  in  Barton  county,  Mis- 
souri, was  the  wife  of  Samuel  Heverling,  a  prominent 
farmer.  He  was  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren 
church  and  a  good  man.  Mr.  Black's  brother,  William, 
enlisted  in  Company  I,  Illinois  Light  Artillery,  and  was 
transferred  to  Battery  F,  Heavy  Artillery,  of  the  Fif- 
teenth Corps.  He  served  the 'entire  war  without  a 
scratch,  was  in  many  battles  and  saw  much  hardship. 

Mr.  Black  came  to  Colfax,  Washington,  in  1891 
and  for  four  years  he  tilled  the  soil  there  aad  then 
came,  in  1895,  to  the  reservation  and  the  day  following 
his  arrival  he  filed  on  his  present  place.  Politically  he 
is  a  Populist,  but  is  not  active  at  the  present  time.  His 
estimable  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  and 
they  are  among  the  most  substantial  and  worthy  peo- 
ple of  the  community.  Mr.  Black  is  a  generous  man, 
well  liked  by  his  neighbors  and  is  always  ready  to  give 
the  helping  hand  to  one  in  need,  while  his  integrity, 
uprightness  and  sound  principles  are  manifest  to  all. 


WILLIAM  H.  KING.  In  addition  to  being  one  of 
the  most  extensive  farmers  of  the  reservation,  Mr. 
King  is  also  a  successful  operator  of  a  threshing  ma- 
chine outfit  which  he  owns.  In  conjunction  with  his 
cousin,  William  A.  King,  he  has  invented  and  pat- 
ented a  threshing  machine  which  experts  pronounce 
a  wonderful  improvement  on  the  present  methods,  and 


doubtless  in  proper  time,  Mr.  King  will  put  out  his 
machine.  He  has  a  fine  farm  two  miles  east  from 
Gifford  and  among  other  improvements  he  has  a  ten- 
acre  orchard  which  will  rank  well  with  anything  on  the 
reservation.  He  has  always  handled  about  five  hun- 
dred acres  each  year  to  grain,  but  this  year  he  has 
rented  his  land  and  pays  all  of  his  attention  to  his 
threshing  machine. 

William  H.  King  was  born  in  Vernon  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  October  22,  1868,  being  the  son  of 
James  M.  and  Adelia  (Joseph)  King,  natives  of  New 
York  and  Ohio,  respectively,  the  former  being  born 
in  Oswego  and  the  latter  in  Zanesville.  The  father 
is  of  French  extraction  and  the  mother  of  American 
and  German.  The  father,  with  his  older  brothers, 
fought  in  the  Civil  war  with  the  Wisconsin  volunteers. 
He  was  twice  discharged  on  account  of  disability.  The 
parents  live  in  Elaine.  Washington,  as  also  two  broth- 
ers, Thomas  E.  and  James  H.  Our  subject  grew  up  on 
a  farm  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools.  The 
family  removed  to  South  Dakota,  where  the  father  took 
a  preemption  and  later  they  all  went  to  Josephine  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  living  in  Grants  Pass.  There  William 
completed  his  education  in  the  college  of  that  city.  In 
1889  they  all  went  to  Elaine,  Washington,  and  for 
three  years  our  subject  worked  in  the  saw  mills  of  the 
place.  Then  he  embarked,  in  the  hotel  business  and 
then  came  to  the  reservation.  He  secured  a  good  piece 
of  land  and  his  mother  also  took  a  claim  as  head  of  the 
family  on  account  of  the  blindness  of  her  husband.  It 
was  contested,  but  after  three  decisions,  Mrs.  King 
will  now  prove  up.  The  father,  after  being  totally 

so  he  can  see  a  "little  with  one  eye.  Our  subject's  broth- 
er also  took  a  claim,  but  as  his  little  girl  burned  to 
death,  and  his  house  also  burned  up,  he  determined  to 
leave  the  reservation  and  so  went  back  to  Elaine. 

On  July  2,  1894,  Mr.  King  married  Miss  Anna, 
daughter  of  Clawson  F.  and  E.  M.  Dahl,  natives  of 
Germany.  The  father  died  in  1900.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
King  there  have  been  born  three  children,  Mabel  D., 
Elmer  I  and  Violet.  Mr.  King  is  a  member  of  the 
W.  of  W.,  Lookout  Camp,  No.  607.  His  estate  is  a 
valuable  one  as  he  has  refused  four  thousand  five  hun- 
dred dollars  for  it. 


BEN  D.  CLEVELAND.  About  one-half  mile 
south  from  Gifford  one  comes  to  the  beautiful  estate 
of  Mr.  Cleveland.  He  has  one  of  the  finest  quarter 
sections  in  this  part  of  the  county  and  his  industry  and 
skill  have  improved  it  in  a  very  creditable  manner. 
In  addition  to  other  improvements  and  buildings  and 
so  forth,  Mr.  Cleveland  has  erected  a  palatial  residence 
of  nine  rooms.  It  is  of  Queen  Ann  architectural  de- 
signs, all  finished  in  costly  oils  and  arranged  in  excel- 
lent manner  for  comfort  and  convenience.  This  resi- 
dence is  doubtless  the  finest  one  in  this  section  of  Nez 
Perces  county  and  Mr.  Cleveland  is  to  be  heartily  com- 
mended for  his  enterprise,  taste  and  wisdom. 

Ben  D.   Cleveland  was  born   in   Monroe  county, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Tennessee,  on  December  14,  1867,  being  the  son  of 
David  H.  and  Elizabeth  E.  (Johnson)  Cleveland.  He 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  gained  a  fine  education  from 
the  adjacent  schools  and  also  the  high  school.  At 
twenty-one  he  started  for  himself,  going  to  California, 
where  he  spent  two  years.  Later  he  returned  home  for 
eighteen  months.  Then  came  a  trip  to  Whitman  coun- 
ty, Washington,  and  for  five  years  he  was  numbered 
with  the  thrifty  farmers  near  Colfax.  He  then  went 
to  Kendrick  and  wrought  in  a  warehouse  until  the 
reservation  opened  and  then  in  the  fall  of  1895  he  came 
and  filed  on  his  present  land,  being  one  of  the  persons 
whose  energy  and  wisdom  were  rewarded  by  securing 
a  fine  tract  of  land  from  Uncle  barn's  domains.  Mr. 
Cleveland  devotes  his  attention  to  general  farming, 
producing  large  quantities  of  wheat,  barley  and  flax. 
He  handles  some  stock  and  is  expecting  to  engage 
more  extensively  in  this  profitable  industry. 

On  November  2,  1897,  Mr.  Cleveland  married  Miss 
Maud  M.,  daughter  of  S.  C.  and  Mary  (Dickinson) 
Douglas,  natives  of  West  Virginia,  their  ancestors  also 
being  residents  there  for  some  time  back.  Mrs.  Cleve- 
land was  born  in  Barbour  county,  on  October  30, 
1866.  She  came  west  in  1895  to  reside  with  relatives 
near  Genesee.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cleveland  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  church  and  are  highly  respected  peo- 
ple. Mr.  Cleveland  is  a  Democrat  but  is  not  partisan 
nor  does  he  desire  political  Advancement. 


ALBERT  E.  TUMELSON.  A  wide  awake,  en- 
ergetic, and  well  liked  young  man,  whose  faithful  la- 
bors in  the  improvement  of  his  farm,  four  and  one- 
half  miles  southeast  from  Lenore,  are  manifest  in  His 
valuable  place,  and  it  is  but  due  that  an  epitome  of  the 
career  of  this  successful  citizen  be  incorporated  in  the 
history  of  Nez  Perces  county. 

Albert  E.  Tumelson  was  born  in  Jasper  county, 
Illinois,  on  January  29,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Will- 
iam C.  and' Sarah  E.  (Grove)  Tumelson,  natives  of 
Illinois.  They  are  now  retired  and  living  in  Cedar- 
vale,  Kansas.  The  father  served  in  the  Civil  war  and 
was  one  of  the  unfortunates  who  languished  in  An- 
dersonville,  that  den  of  suffering.  When  Albert  was 
two  years  old  the  family  went  to  Chautauqua  county, 
Kansas,  and  later  they  moved  across  the  line  into  Cow- 
ley  county.  Our  subject  grew  to  the  age  of  sixteen 
with  his  parents  and  then  started  in  the  battle  of  life 
for  himself.  He  gained  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  worked  at  various  places  on  the  farms  and 
in  the  coal  mines  until  nineteen  and  then  came  to  the 
west.  '  For  five  or  six  years  he  toiled  in  the  agricultural 
region  of  Whitman  co'unty  adjacent  to  Palouse.  Then 
he  bought  a  claim  in  Garden  Gulch  in  Latah  county 
and  when  the  water  was  plenty  in  the  spring  he  used 
the  hydraulic  and  did  well.  In  the  summer  time  he 
would  harvest  and  in  the  faTl  worked  with  the  thresh- 
ers One  winter  was  spent  in  trapping  and  hunting 
at  the  forks  of  the  Saint  Marys  river  in  Idaho,  and  in 
this  undertaking,  as  in  his  other  labors,  Mr.  Tumelson 
was  blessed  with  success.  In  1897  he  came  to  the  res- 


ervation and  took  his  present  place  and  this  has  been 
the  scene  of  his  labors  since.  Having  a  little  capital, 
he  at  once  bought  a  team  and  wagon,  fenced  the  land 
and  built  a  good  house.  He  has  now  a  fine  bunch  of 
stock,  cattle,  hogs  and  horses,  and  is  doing  a  general 
farming  business.  He  has  manifested  great  wisdom 
and  discrimination  in  his  business  affairs  and  this  cou- 
pled with  his  native  force  and  energy  have  given  him 
abundant  success.  Mr.  Tumelson  has  also  operated  a 
binder  and  a  thresher  much  of  the  time.  He  is  a  man 
ot  excellent  standing  and  is  the  recipient  of  the  good 
will  of  all  the  neighbors  and  in  fact  of  all  who  know 
him.  On  February  18,  1903,  Mr.  Tumelson  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Telva  Ross,  daughter  of  Mr.  Dick  Ross, 
of  Kansas.  Mr.  Tumelson  has  given  of  his  time  for 
the  work  of  clerk  of  the  school  board  and  he  is  heartily 
in  sympathy  with  all  advancement  in  education  and 
betterment  of  the  people  in  all  lines. 


JAMES  S.  JACKS.  It  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
are  enabled  to  grant  to  this  gentleman  a  representation 
in  the  volume  of  his  county's  history,  since  he  is  one  of 
the  men  whose  labors  have  transformed  the  Nez  Perces 
reservation  from  wilds  to  fine  farms,  and  also  because 
he  is  a  man  of  intrinsic  worth  and  intelligence  and  is 
the  recipient  of  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fel- 
lows. 

James  S.  Jacks  was  born  on  October  9,  1868,  near 
Winterset,  Madison  county,  Iowa,  being  the  son  of 
Benjamin  R.  and  Mary  M.  (Rhodes)  Jacks,  mention  of 
whom  is  made  in  another  portion  of  this  work.  James 
received  a  good  education  from  the  common  schools 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  1889.  Then  he 
went  to  eastern  Oregon,  working  at  printing  for  a  year 
at  Athena,  having  learned  this  trade  in  Des  Moines, 
Iowa.  Later  he  worked  at  this  trade  in  Tacoma  and  in 
1891  he  came  to  the  Potlatch  country.  When  the  res- 
ervation opened  up  he  at  once  filed  on  his  present  place, 
one  and  one-half  miles  east  from  Gifford.  The  date  of 
his  filing  was  November  19,  1895,  the  next  day  after 
the  reservation  opened.  In  addition  to  doing  a  general 
farming  business,  Mr.  Jacks  is  devoting  considerable 
attention  to  fruit  raising.  He  has  now  over  five  thou- 
sand trees,  many  bearing,  making  an  area  of  about 
sixty-five  acres  to  orchard.  The  varieties  that  Mr. 
Jacks  finds  best  for  this  section  are  the  Gano,  Jona- 
han  and  the  Black  Ben  Davis,  all  hardy  winter  ap- 
ples. Mrs.  Eva  J.  Miller,  a  widowed  sister,  keeps 
louse  for  Mr.  Jacks,  he  being  one  of  the  happy  bach- 
•lors  of  the  community. 

On  June  25,  1898, "our  subject  enlisted  in  Company 
C.  Independent  Battalion  of  Washington,  enrolling  at 
Pomeroy,  being  under  Captain  Harry  St.  George.  He 
was  mustered  out  on  October  26,  1898.  The  following 
winter  was  spent  at  home  and  on  August  14,  1899,  hie 
enlisted  again,  this  time  at  Lewiston.  He  was  sent  to 
Vancouver  barracks  and  attached  to  Company  I,  Thir- 
ty-fifth United  States  Volunteers,  commanded  by  Col- 
onel Plummer.  who  got  his  commission  a  little  later. 
The  captain  of  the  company  was  C.  D.  Roberts.  Mr. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Jacks  was  in  service  from  August  14,  1899,  to  March 
15.  loot.  He  fought  in  the  battle  of  Balobad  Hill  and 
later  served  as  a  non-commissioned  officer  in  Company 
A  on  detached  service  in  scouting.  His  regiment  was 
stationed  in  the  province  of  Bulacan.  Mr.  Jacks  aid 
faithful  and  efficient  service  and  since  the  war  he  has 
been  paying  especial  attention  to  the  development  of 
his  farm  and  is  one  of  the  highly  esteemed  and  intelli- 
gent citizens  of  the  county. 


AMOS  iMAEL  is  deserving  of  mention  in  the  his- 
tory of  Nez  Perces  county  since  he  is  a  man  of  good 
standing,  is  possessed  of  sound  principles  and  integrity, 
has  labored  for  the  improvement  and  substantial  prog- 
ress of  the  county  and  is  now  making  a  fine  fruit  and 
stock  ranch,  three  miles  southeast  from  Lenore,  where 
his  home  is. 

Amos  Mael  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Oregon, 
on  March  7.  1867.  and  his  parents  are  Robert  and  Mary 
E.  (House)  Mael.  The  father  was  born  in  Iowa,  in 
1826,  and  died  in  1889.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Oregon 
and  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Missouri,  in  1842,  and  is  now 

neers  in  Oregon  and  she  crossed  the  plains  in  the  same 
train  with  her  husband  and  they  were  married  in  Ore- 
cation  from  the  district  schools.  The  family  removed 
from  Oregon  to  Washington,  immediately  north  from 
The  Dalles,  when  he  was  a  child  and  he  remained  on 
the  Washington  farm  until  he  was  twenty-three.  Then 
farmed  for  himself  for  five  years  and  in  1899  came  to 
the  reservation  and  took  a  place,  which  he  sold  later 
and  bought  his  present  farm  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  acres.  He  has  a  fine  barn  and  is  improving 
the  place  rapidly. 

On  August  3,  1892,  Mr.  Mael  married  Miss  May, 
daughter  of  John  and  Emma  (Bowman)  Buford.  Mrs. 
Mael  was  born  in  Oregon,  in  1872,  and  has  two  broth- 
ers and  two  sisters.  Mr.  Mael  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Frances  E.,  Rachel  Darland,  Ella 
Adams,  Daisy  Dykes,  Adam,  Andy,  Martin,  John, 
Harvey.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Mael.  Earl,  Lee,  Lloyd  and  Len.  Mr.  Mael  and 
his  estimable  wife  are  members  of  the  United  Brethren 
church.  Mr.  Mael  is  a  Republican  and  always  is 
allied  on  the  side  of  order  and  good  government. 


JESSE  E.  TUMELSON.  This  intelligent  and 
bright  young  agriculturist  of  the  reservation  portion  of 
Nez  Perces  county  is  a  man  whose  labors  have  been 
bestowed  with  sagacity  and  enterprise,  and  he  has 
as  a  result  a  goodly  showing  in  the  fine  farm  of  one 
quarter  section  where  he  resides,  five  miles  west  from 
Peck,  and  also  in  the  other  property  that  he  holds. 

Jesse  E.  Tumelson  was  born  in  Cowley  county, 
Kansas,  on  September  14.  1873,  being  the  son  of  Wifl- 
iam  C.  and  Sarah  E.  (Groves)  Tumelson,  natives  of 


Illinois  and  born  in  1846  and  1845,  respectively.  They 
now  live  in  Cedarvale,  Kansas.  The  father  was  a  sol- 
dier in  the  Civil  war  for  three  years  and  languished  in 
Andersonville  for  three  months.  Jesse  grew  to  young 
manhood  in  Kansas  and  when  seventeen  joined  his 
brother,  Albert,  who  was  in  Latah  county,  Idaho. 
They  mined  with  hydraulic  in  Garden  Gulch  and  did 
well.  In  1896  they  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  and 
settled  on  their  present  places.  Our  subject  has  since 
that  time  devoted  his  energies  assiduously  to  the  im- 
provement of  his  farm  and  has  a  fine  property. 

On  December  23,  1898,  Mr.  Tumelson  married 
Miss  Cora  E.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Rosa  (Dus- 
ton)  Springston,  the  wedding  occurring  at  Gifford. 
Mr.  Springston  is  a  farmer  and  thresher  in  this  county 
and  was  born  in  1857.  His  father,  Samuel  A.,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Civil  war.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Tumelson 
was  born  in  1858.  Mrs.  Tumelson  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Grace  Henderson,  Harry,  Maggie 
Henderson,  Etta  Tumelson,  Lota  Allen,  Howard,  Ka- 
tie, Floyd,  Loren.  Mrs.  Tumelson  was  born  near 
Garnett,  Kansas,  on  February  12,  1882.  Mr.  Tumelson 
has  the  following  brothers  arid  sisters,  Lydia  A.  Strode, 
Albert  E..  Emma  B..  deceased,  Bessie  Witt,  William 
O.f  Lucy  Wilson,  Lura.  Two  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tumelson,  Bessie  R.,  Lena  M.  Mr. 
Tumelson  is  a  staunch  Republican  and  an  advocate 
of  excellent  schools.  His  farm  supports  a  goodly 
number  of  hogs,  cattle  and  horses,  and  he  gathers  an- 
nually good  harvests  of  grain  and  fruits  from  the  en- 
tire place. 


ALBERT  D.  WHALEY  is  one  of  the  industrious 
and  enterprising  men  whose  hands  have  brought  the 
excellent  products  from  the  reservation  lands  that 
make  Nez  Perces  county  one  of  the  best  in  the  state 
of  Idaho.  He  resides  on  a  farm  immediately  north 
from  Summit  and  gives  his  attention  largely  to  truck 
farming  and  raising  hogs  and  poultry.  Mr.  Whaley 
is  making  a  fine  success  of  his  labors  and  has  this  year 
one  of  the  finest  onion  patches  of  one  acre  to  be  found 
in  the  entire  county. 

Albert  D.  Whaley  was  born  in  Lake  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  March  22,  1852.  being  the  son  of  David  and 
Prudence  (Corser)  Whaley,  natives  of  New  York  and 
Vermont,  respectively.  The  mother  went  to  Illinois 
in  an  early  day  with  her  parents  in  a  wagon.  Mr. 
Whaley  had  two  brothers,  Charles  A.  and  Cyrus  C., 
in  the  Civil  war.  both  being  privates  in  the  Twelfth 
Michigan.  Charles  lives  in  Oakesdale,  Washington, 
and  Cyrus  lives  in  Kansas.  His  other  brothers  are 
Marcus,  in  Kansas,  and  Marlow,  in  Oakesdale. 

Mr.  Whaley  married  Miss  Irene,  daughter  of 
John  W.  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  Dimviddie.  After  the 
war  the  parents  of  our  subject  came  to  Douglas  coun- 
ty,  Kansas,  and  there  and  in  his  native,  place,  Albert 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common 
schools.  When  he  was  twenty-one  lie  went  for  himself 

pations,  also  purchasing  eighty  acres  which  he  rented. 
In  1888  he  came  from  Kansas' to  Oakesdale,  Washing- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


ton,  and  farmed  for  three  years  and  then  went  to 
Chehalis.  where  he  was  engaged  in  timber  work  for 
seven  years.  In  1898  Mr.  Whaley  filed  on  his  pres- 
ent place  and  since  that  time  he  has  devoted  his  ener- 
gies to  its  improvement  and  development.  He  has  a 
comfortable  home  and  is  one  of  the  thrifty  residents  of 
the  community.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whaley  there  have 
been  born  the  following  children,  Charles  J.,  Maude  L., 
Lester  Z.,  Lizzie  I.,  Floyd  W.  Mr.  Whaley  is  a  Pro- 
hibitionist in  politics,  while  he  and  his  wife  are  soldiers 


olding  their 
rs.   Whaley 


, 

Chehalis.  While  there,  Mrs.  Whaley  was  sergeant 
major,  having  charge  of  the  children's  branch.  Our 
subject  and  his  wife  are  highly  respected  and  are  val- 


HENRY  F.  BLACK.  In  February,  1864,  Mr. 
Black  enlisted  in  Battery  D,  Second  Pennsylvania 
Heavy  Artillery,  and  did  service  in  the  army  of  the  Po- 
tomac. He  was  in  the  battles  of  Rapidan,  the  Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor  and  Petersburg!!, 
being  wounded  in  the  last  conflict  on  July  30,  by  a 
piece  of  shell.  The  wound  was  in  his  left  arm  and 
that  member  is  crippled  to  this  day.  He  languished 
in  the  hospital  for  six  months  and  then  returned  to 
his  regiment  and  did  duty  until  the  end  of  the  war 
but  was  not  discharged  until  February,  1866.  He 
participated  in  some  of  the  fiercest  conflicts  that  were 
ever  fought  between  contending  armies  and  his  was 
a  brilliant  military  record. 

Noting  details,  we  see  that  Henry  F.  Black  was 
born  in  Lycoming  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  October 
31,  1847,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Margaret  C. 
(Norton)  Black,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
father  was  a  miller  and  they  soon  removed  to  Sulli- 
van county  after  the  birth  of  Henry.  There  the 
mother  died  when  he  was  six  and  the  father  died  in 
1862.  After  the  war  Mr.  Black  returned  to  Han- 
cock county,  Illinois,  and  two  years  later  went  to 
Hannibal,  Missouri.  In  1870  he  came  to  Silver  City, 
Utah,  where  he  mined  and  prospected.  There  he  was 
married  on  April  4,  1873,  to  Melvina,  daughter  of 
Madison  D.  and  Clarinda  (Green)  Hambelton.  Mrs. 
Black  was  born  in  Carson  Valley,  Nevada,  on  Decem- 
ber 4,  1856.  Mr.  Black  was  constable  and  also 
deputy  sheriff  in  Utah.  In  1881  he  mined  at  Wood 
river,  Idaho,  and  1890  found  him  in  Pullman  and  1893 
he  leased  Indian  land,  where  he  remained  until  the 
reservation  was  opened.  Then  he  took  his  present 
place,  about  two  miles  southwest  from  Mohler,  which 
he  has  improved  in  an  excellent  manner.  He  has 
a  fine  windmill,  tank  and  many  other  excellent  re- 
sults of  his  skill  and  industry.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Black 
are  both  members  of  the  Christian  church.  They 
have  one  son,  James  F.,  who  married  Miss  Pearl 
Departy,  came  and  took  a  quarter  section  adjoining 
his  father's  farm  on  the  east.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Black 
are  exemplary  people  and  stand  high  in  the  esteem 


and  good  will  of  the  members  of  the  community.  His 
uncle,  H.  F.  Black,  a  banker  of  Ness  City,  Kansas, 
died  recently. 


HON.  THOMAS  O.  HANLON.  A  prominent 
man  in  the  political  questions  of  his  state,  a  potent 
factor  in  the  upbuilding  of  Nez  Perces  county,  a 
cultured  gentleman,  a  patriotic  citizen,  a  loyal  friend 
and  an  esteemed  member  of  society,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  properly  entitled  to  representation  in 
the  history  of  his  county. 

Thomas  O.  Hanlon  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland, 
on  July  18,  1846,  being  the  son  of  Francis  and  Ann 
(Bradley)  Hanlon,  natives  of  Dublin,  Ireland.  The 
father  was  thirty  years  warden  of  the  Mount  Joy 
prison  in  Dublin,  but  is  now  deceased.  Our  subject 
received  his  education  in  a  private  academy  in  Dub- 
lin and  when  fifteen  came  to  the  United  States.  Land- 
ing in  Brooklyn,  he  at  once  set  to  finish  the  trade  of 
carpenter,  which  he  commenced  in  his  native  land. 
He  continued  in  this  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Civil  war,  and  then  enlisted  promptly  in  the  Thirteenth 
New  York  Cavalry,  in  May,  1863.  He  joined  his 
command  at  Fallschurch,  Virginia,  and  then  trans- 
ferred to  Battery  E,  First  Artillery.  Frank  E. 
French  was  first  lieutenant.  Our  subject  acted  as 
artificer  for  three  years.  He  participated  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Gettysburg,  the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania  and 
Cold  Harbor,  also  in  the  Shenandoah  campaign,  in- 
cluding the  battles  at  Frederick  City,  Fisher's  Hill, 
Opack  creek  and  then  the  battery  operated  with  an 
independant  brigade  until  the  close  of  the  war.  At 
one  time  his  command  was  ordered  to  Camp  Barry 
to  recruit.  He  was  wounded  at  Fairfax  Court  House, 
by  dirt  thrown  from  a  bursting  shell,  which  cost  him 
the  sight  of  his  left  eye.  Following  the  war,  Mr.  Han- 
lon returned  to  Brooklyn  and  followed  his  trade  and 
contracting  until  1867,  when  he  went  to  Sioux  City, 
Iowa,  thence  to  Manistee,  Michigan,  and  there  spent 
seven  years  contracting.  Also  he  served  as  county 
clerk  one  term  and  county  superintendent  of  schools 
one  term.  Next  we  see  him  in  in  Medford,  Wisconsin, 
and  four  years  he  contracted  there.  In  1889  he  went 
to  Tacoma,  and  in  that  city  and  its  suburbs  he  spent 
seven  years.  He  was  town  clerk  at  Orting  six  years 
and  built  the  Soldiers'  Home  there.  In  1895  Mr.  Han- 
lon came  to  the  reservation  and  secured  a  claim, 
the  date  of  filing  being  November  18,  1895.  In  the 
spring  of  1901  Mr.  Hanlon  platted  ten  acres  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  section  twenty-one,  of  township 
thirty-four,  in  range  one,  and  in  honor  of  President 
Mohler,  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.,  who  has  endeavored  to 
bring  railroad  facilities  to  this  county,  Mr.  Hanlon 
named  the  town  Mohler.  He  has  several  buildings, 
as  general  merchandise,  drug  store,  dwellings,  and  so 
forth.  He  himself  is  occupied  in  operating  a  furniture 
store,  is  postmaster,  notary  public,  justice  of  the  peace 
and  insurance  agent.  Mr.  Hanlon  is  a  man  of  good 
business  qualifications  and  his  efforts  are  praiseworthy 
in  promoting  the  town. 

In  the  fifth  session  of  the   Idaho  legislature  Mr. 


MRS.  HENRY  F.  BLACK. 


HENRY  F.  BLACK. 


THOMAS  O.  HANLON. 


HON.  S.  G.  ISAMAN. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Hanlon  was  a  potent  factor,  having  been  elected  by 
the  Republicans  of  this  district,  as  he  is  a  stanch  rep- 
resentative of  Republicanism,  and  in  this  house  he 
was  a  strong  candidate  for  speaker,  but  the  fusionists 
overcame  his  party.  The  act  granting  attorney's  fees 
in  suits  for  debt,  the  free  home  bill  and  the  amend- 
ment to  the  school  laws  were  all  bills  introduced  by 
our  subject.  He  did  efficient  service  and  won  many 
>  plaudits.  Mr.  Hanlon  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and 
has  always  been  active  in  that  capacity,  having  been 
deputy  inspector  for  Washington  and  Alaska,  as  well 
as  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  the  commander  in  chief 
of  the  G.  A.  R.,  having  rank  of  colonel. 

On  September  4,  1876,  Mr.  Hanlon  married  Miss 
Ella,  daughter  of  George  and  Sallie  (Hoogaboom) 
Bolles,  natives  of  New  York.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  them,  Cora  E.,  wife  of  Wallace  Masterson,  a 
farmer  on  the  reservation ;  Nellie,  single.  Mrs.  Hanlon 
has  one  brother.  Nelson,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  R.  Smith. 
Mr.  Bolles  enlisted  in  the  Seventh  Wisconsin  in  1861, 
and  served  four  years,  being  in  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg. Mr.  Hanlon  is  a  member  of  the  Echo  Lodge, 
No.  60,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  Mohler.  He  has  held  a 
membership  in  this  order  since  1863,  is  past  noble 
grand  and  also  chief  patriarch  of  the  encampment. 


HON.  SAMUEL  G.  ISAMAN.  This  gentleman 
is  one  of  the  successful  men  of  Nez  Perces  county.  He 
is  an  influential  factor  in  the  political  world  and  has 
done  commendable  work  in  this  line.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  city  treasurer  of  Lewiston,  and  did  creditable 
service  for  three  years.  In  1884  the  people  chose  him 
for  the  territorial  senate  and  there  he  succeeded  in 
connection  with  Mr.  Moody  in  getting  a  memorial 
to  congress  for  the  annexation  of  the  Panhandle  in 
Idaho  to  Washington.  In  1888  Mr.  Isaman  was 
chosen  county  superintendent  of  public  instruction.  In 
1890  he  was  chosen  to  this  office  and  also  that  of  pro- 
bate judge.  At  the  expiration  of  these  terms,  he  re- 
tired from  politics  for  a  time,  but  his  fellows  would 
have  him  brought  forward  and  accordingly  in  1898 
he  was  called  to  the  important  office  of  county  com- 
missioner. He  has  served  several  times  as  chairman 
of  the  central  committee.  In  all  this  long  and  re- 
sponsible service,  Mr.  Isaman  has  so  conducted  himself 
that  he  has  ever  increased  in  popularity  with  the  peo- 
ple and  is  held  in  high  esteem. 

Reverting  to  the  early  life  of  our  subject,  we  note 
that  he  was  born  in  Westmoreland  county.  Pennsylva- 
nia, on  August  26,  1849,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and 
Mary.  (Grim)  Isaman.  The  father  was  a  shoemaker, 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1812  and  is  still  living  in  Iowa, 
aged  ninety.  The  mother  was  born  in  Greensburg, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1814  and  died  in  1895..  The  family 
came  to  Ohio  in  1853  ar>d  thence  they  went  to  Iowa, 
bought  land  and  settled  in  Henry  county.  The  fa- 
ther worked  at  this  trade  and  the  boys  handled  the 
farm.  Our  subject  went  to  the  common  schools  and 
when  the  war  broke  out,  the  two  older  boys  enlisted 
to  save  the  nation  while  Samuel  and  a  brother  four- 


teen years  old  were  left  to  handle  the  farm  and  conse- 
quently they  had  hard  work.  At  the  age  of  nineteen, 
our  subject  went  to  work  for  himself  and  earned  money 
to  atted  a  private  school  in  Mount  Pleasant;  he  then 
took  a  course  at  the  Agricultural  College  at  Ames. 
When  twenty-two  he  met  with  an  accident  that  crip- 
pled him.  While  attending  school,  Mr.  Isaman  taught 
and  soon  he  became  a  first-class  educator,  and  in  this 
line  he  has  had  brilliant  success.  He  holds  a  life  cer- 
tificate from  the  state  of  California.  When  twenty- 
four,  he  went  to  Butte  county  and  taught  school 
there  and  in  other  portions  of  the  state  for  five  years. 
Then  he  came  to  Rosalia,  Washington,  and  took  land. 
In  1880  he  came  to  Lewiston  and  in  1889  he  purchased 
his  present  place,  three  and  one-half  miles  east  from 
Lewiston.  He  has  thirty  acres  of  fruit  and  his  farm 
is  one  of  the  many  fine  ones  of  the  county. 

In  the  spring  of  1887,  in  Oregon,  Mr.  Isaman  mar- 
ried Miss  Emma  Reynolds,  daughter  of  A.  V.  and 
Harriett  Reynolds,  natives  of  New  York.  The  father 
was  a  contractor  and  builder.  Mrs.  Isaman  was  born 
in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1855,  and 
had  a  good  high  school  education.  She  has  seven 
brothers,  R.  P.,  Lemuel,  Justus,  George,  Almos,  Charles 
and  Robert.  Mr.  Isaman  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  Benjamin,  Franklin,  Lafayette, 
David,  Kate  Deeds,  Leah  Beach  and  Vina  Ferree.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Isaman  have  been  blessed  by  the  advent  of 
the  following  children:  George,  Harry  F.,  Kate,  Roy 
and  Charlie,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Isaman  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  His  wife  is 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  ch'urch.  Mr.  Isaman  had 
two  great  uncles  killed  in  the  Revolution.  It  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  record  that  Mr.  Isa- 
man has  always  been  an  advocate  of  good  schools 
and  has  done  a  great  deal  to  promote  such  here. 


WILLIAM  WHITE.  A  man  of  energy  and  ex- 
cellent practical  ability,  who  demonstrated  his  patriot- 
ism by  serving  in  the  Civil  war  from  March,  1865.  to 
November  20,  1865,  in  the  Seventh  Illinois  Cavalry, 
Company  E.  under  General  George  H.  Thomas,  who 
has  wrought  in  a  worthy  manner  since  and  is  now  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  the  reservation, — to  such  an 
one  we  with  pleasure  grant  space  in  the  history  of  the 

William  White  was  born  in  Jefferson  county.  Xcw 
York,  on  December  i,  1845.  being  the  son  of  William 
and  Elvira  (Freeman)  White,  natives  of  New  York. 
Hiram  Freeman,  great-grandfather  of  our  subject,  en- 
listed in  the  Revolutionary  war  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen. William  came  with  his  parents  to  Jo  Daviess 

cation.  During  the  war  period  of  his  life  he  was  in 
several  skirmishes  and  had  bullets  graze  his  face.  He 
was  in  Mississippi,  Alabama,  Kentucky,  Tennessee  and 
other  places  during  this  time.  Mr.  White  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R.  in  Ames,  Iowa.  Subsequent  to  his 
discharge  in  Nashville,  Tennessee,  he  returned  home 
and  farmed.  On  February  20,  1868.  Mr.  White  mar- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ried  Miss  Susan  L.,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Jemima 
(Dow)  Trevits.  Eight  children  have  been  born  to  this 
union.  Frank  E.,  married  to  Marion  Burton,  is  now 
living  in  this  county,  having  been' a  successful  teacher 
in  Iowa;  Wilna  S.  Keltner,  of  Chamberlain,  North 
Dakota,  formerly  a  teacher;  Alice  A.  Keltner,  also 
a  teacher,  now  in  the  reservation;  William  H., 
deceased ;  Mary  L.  Melliken,  in  Spokane ;  Florence  P. 
died  a  few  days  after  coming  to  the  reservation,  aged 
seventeen,  she  was  a  fine  musician;  Willis  Herbert, 
owner  of  eighty  acres  and,  although  but  eighteen,  is 
doing  for  himself;  Mary  L.,  a  graduate  of  the  high 
school  and  a  good  musician.  Mr.  Trevits  was  born 
in  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  his  wife  in  Chautau- 
qua  county,  New  York.  He  enlisted  in  Company  A,  in 
Illinois,  and  was  transferred  to  the  Third  Missouri, 
where  he  served  until  he  was  taken  sick  and  then  dis- 
charged, having  been  in  the  ranks  nearly  two  years. 
He  never  fully  recovered  from  this  stroke  and  the 
last  seventeen  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  physical 
helplessness.  He  died  in  1897,  in  Contra  Costa  coun- 
ty, California.  His  wife  died  in  1888.  They  were 
married  in  Wyandotte  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  there 
Mrs.  White  was  born  on  August  6,  1849.  The  family 
came  to  Jo  Daviess  county  when  she  was  a  child.  In 
1872  Mr.  White  moved  his  family  to  Boone  county, 
Iowa,  and  there  farmed  as  he  had  done  in  Illinois,  and 
there  he  remained  until  1899,  when  he  came  and  took 
his  present  place,  one  mile  southwest  from  Nezperce. 
It  is  a  fine  farm,  well  improved,  with  elegant  modern 
residence,  fitted  with  all  conveniences,  a  first-class  barn, 
and  other  accessories,  as  well  as  a  good  orchard  and  so 
forth.  Mrs.  White  secured  her  first  certificate  and 
taught  her  first  school  when  she  was  sixteen  years  old 
and  for  twenty-four  years  she  has  held  high  rank 
among  educators.  They  are  both  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist church  and  Mrs.' White  has  been  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday  school  for  three  years.  Mr.  White  is  a 
deacon  in  the  church  and  has  been  trustee. 


RUFUS  W.  UTT.  It  is  very  fitting  that  among 
the  young  men  of  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr.  Utt  should 
be  mentioned  as  one  of  the  capable,  enterprising  and 
progressive  ones,  whose  labors  have  done  much  to  as- 
sist in  the  upbuilding  of  the  county. 

Rufus  W.  Utt  was  born  in  Jersey  county,  Illinois, 
on  January  15,  1872,  being  the  son  of  John  H.  and 
Mary  (Armstrong)  Utt,  natives  of  Illinois.  The  fa- 
ther was  born  May  2,  1841,  and  his  father  was  a  pio- 
neer of  Illinois.  The  mother  of  our  subject  died  in 
1877.  The  family  removed  to  Kansas  when  Rufus 
was  eleven  years  old,  settling  in  Chautauqua  county. 
The  father  bought  land  and  farmed.  Rufus  was  edu- 
cated and  grew  to  manhood  in  that  western  home  and 
at  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  came  to  Latah  county 
and  mined  in  Garden  Gulch  and  on  Gold  Hill  with 
varying  success  for  two  years.  Then  he  came  to  Nez 
Perces  county  and  took  up  farming  and  stock  raising. 
He  leased  land  and  broke  it  for  two  years'  use  and  in 
this  business  he  has  done  well.  He  owns  a  good  farm 


of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  in  Latah  county,  near 
Princeton,  which  is  well  improved  and  which  he  in- 
tends to  make  his  home  when  his  leases  expire  in  this 
county. 

In  Latah  county,  on  January  i,  1899,  Mr.  Utt  mar- 
ried Miss  Lulu  I.,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Louise 
(Hendricks)  Mowlds.  The  father  was  born  in  Illi- 
nois in  1852  and  the  mother  was  born  there  in  1862. 
They  are  both  now  living  in  Latah  county.  Mr. 
Mowlds  was  a  pioneer  in  Lincoln  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  is  a  first-class  carpenter  and  builder.  Mrs. 
Utt  was  born  in  Lincoln  county,  Washington,  on 
January  31,  1882,  and  she  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  Mattie,  Cecil,  Virgie,  Itha,  Lloyd  and  Pearl. 
Mr.  Utt  has  two  sisters  and  one  brother,  Nancy  J. 
Bontwell,  in  Little  Rock,  Arkansas ;  John  M.,  in  Nez 
Perces  county  ;  Mary  M.,  who  has  not  been  heard  from 
since  the  Johnstown  flood,  she  being  there.  Two  chil- 
dren have  come  to  bless  the  household  of  our  subject, 
Ethel  M.  and  Rufus  Ed.  Mr.  Utt  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.  at  Peck.  He  is  a  Democrat  but  does  not 
press  for  personal  preferment.  Mrs.  Utt  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Christian  church  and  Mr.  Utt  is  a  wise  aavo- 
cate  of  good  schools  and  general  progress. 


CLARENCE  E.  LEEPER.  The  industrious  and 
enterprising  gentleman  of  whom  we  now  have  the 
pleasure  of  speaking  is  one  of  the  men  who  came  to 
this  county  with  but  little  of  this  world's  goods,  but 
by  his  wise  management  of  the  resources  of  the  place 
has  put  himself  in  a  first-class  financial  position,  be- 
ing one  of  the  prosperous  and  substantial  farmers  of 
the  place.  He  remarks  that  when  he  came  here  he  was 
enabled  to  carry  all  his  goods  on  his  back  and  had  but 
a  few  dollars  in  his  pocket.  True  grit,  pluck  and  sa- 
gacity have  been  displayed  and  now  the  fruit  of  this 
effort  is  in  abundant  evidence  in  his  holdings. 

Clarence  E.  Leeper  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Missouri,  on  September  5,  1872,  being  the  son  of  James 
and  Mary  C.  ( West)  Leeper,  natives  of  Missouri,  and 
born  in  1846  and  1856,  respectively.  The  father  was 
a  pioneer  in  Missouri  and  served  four  years  in  the  Con- 
federate army.  The  mother  died  in  1888.  When  Clar-" 
ence  was  two  years  old  the  family  migrated  to  Ore- 
gon and  settled  in  Douglas  county  and  later  went  to 
Josephine  county.  There  they  farmed  and  raised  stock. 
Our  subject  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools.  He  remained  with  his  father  until 
twenty- four.  In  1896  he  came  to  his  present  place,  two 
and  one-half  miles  north  from  Melrose,  and  secured  a 
quarter  section  by  homestead  right.  This  has  been  the 
home  since  that  time  and  is  one  of  the  valuable  places 
in  this  vicinity. 

On  November  29,  1899,  Mr.  Leeper  married  Miss 
Mary  I.,  daughter  of  William  P.  and  Mary  (Harness) 
Garner,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Nez  Perces  county. 
Mr.  Garner  and  his  wife  were  born  in  Missouri  and 
their  daughter  was  born  in  Doniphan  county,  Kansas, 
on  April  18,  1876.  She  has  two  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  Vinal.  Naomi,  May,  Neri.  Mr.  Leeper  has  one 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


sister  and  two  brothers,  Albert  E.,  Ava  M.  and  Hugh, 
all  in  Nez  Perces  county.  One  child,. Villa  M.,  has 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leeper.  Mrs.  Leeper  is  a 
member  of  the  Christian  church.  Mr.  Leeper  is  a 
stanch  Republican  and  labors  for  practical  results  and 
is  dominated  by  wisdom  and  sound  principles.  He  has 
always  been  a"  zealous  advocate  of  first-class  educa- 
tional facilities  and  believes  in  paying  the  price  to  ob- 
tain them.  Mr.  Leeper  is  not  content  with  handling 
his  land,  but  leases  considerable  in  addition,  which  he 
cultivates. 


JOSEPH  HARR  is  one  of  the  most  substantial 
and  capable  men  in  the  vicinity  of  Summit  and  is  one 
of  the  worthy  men  whose  labors  have  made  Nez 

the  leading  counties  in  the  state.  He  is  a  man  of  in- 
tegrity, uprightness,  and  is  held  in  esteem  and  highly 
respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

Joseph  Harr  was  born  in  Butter  county,  Ohio,  on 
May  18,  1853,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret 
(Curry)  Harr,  farmers  of  that  state.  Joseph  received 
a  common  schooling  and  made  the  best  of  his  oppor- 
tunities to  gain  knowledge.  He  has  always  been  a 
studious  man  and  very  observing  and  the  result  is 
that  he  is  well  posted  and  an  influential  and  leading 
citizen.  In  1875  he  left  home  and  migrated  to  Coles 
county,  Illinois,  where  he  rented  land  for  eight  years. 
Then  a  move  was  made  to  Minor  county,  South  Da- 
kota, where  a  brother  had  preceded  him  and  five 
years  were  spent  there  on  a  homestead.  For  one 
year  he  resided  in  Nebraska  and  then  he  came  to  Mos- 
cow and  when  the  reservation  opened  he  sold  the  prop- 
erty that  he  had  acquired  in  Moscow  and  settled  on  his 
present  place,  one  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Sum- 
it. He  has  a  good  farm  of  one  quarter 


he 


als 


, 

handling  considerable  stock.  In  1900  he  sold  nine 
hundred  and  thirty  dollars'  worth  of  hogs  and  in  1902 
he  sold  nearly  as  many.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  from 
this  single  product  of  the  farm  that  Mr.  Harr  is  a 
thrifty  and  capable  farmer.  He  was  one  of  the  two 
first  settlers  in  his  section  and  he  directed  the  build- 
ing of  the  first  school  house  in  his  district,  No.  3.  He 
is  chairman  of  the  board  now  and  has  always  taken  a 
great  interest  in  educational  matters. 

On  April  n,  1877,  Mr.  Harr  married  Miss  Lavina. 
daughter  of  James  O.  and  Lucinda  (Wright)  Sair, 
natives  of  Ohio,  and~of  German  descent.  Mrs.  Harr 
was  born  in  Vinton  county,  Ohio.  To  this  happy  mar- 
riage were  born  six  children:  Charles,  Hattie  B., 
Harry,  Mabel,  Elmer  and  Walter.  Mrs.  Harr  has 
since  been  called  away  from  her  pleasant  home  and 
loving  family  by  the  cold  hand  of  death. 

Mr.  Har'r  h'as  the  following  brothers  :  Tohn  W., 
•  William  H.,  Jackson.  He  has  two  half-brothers, 
Charles  and  G.  W.  Smith.  Also  Mr.  Harr  has  two 
half-sisters:  Laura,  wife  of  Eli  Gerard;  Lizzie,  wife 
of  Butler  Gerard,  a  cousin  of  Eli.  Mr.  Harr  is  a 
Democrat  in  politics  but  never  is  desirous  of  personal 


of  private  life.    He  is  a  m 
has  the  good  will  of  all. 


contented  with  the  quiet 
of  excellent  qualities  and 


DAVID  FISH.  A  farmer  whose  labors  have  ac- 
cumulated a  fine  holding  in  this  favored  region  of  the 
reservation  and  who  is  in  excellent  standing  among 
the  people,  has  done  a  comendable  part  in  the  good 
work  of  improving  and  building  up  the  country,  it  is 
with  pleasure. that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  the  subject 
of  this  article  representation  in  the  county  history. 

David  Fish  was  born  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
on  May  10,  1857.  He  grew  up  and  was  educated  in 
his  native  place  and  in  1877  came  to  New  Hampshire, 


Then  he  went  to  Bay  City,  Michigan,  and  worked  in 
the  lumber  business  one  year,  then  sailed  on  the 
lakes,  and  in  1888  came  as  far  west  as  Marysville, 
Montana,  and  wrought  as  a  miner  and  also  as  a  machin- 
ist. In  1890  Mr.  Fish  returned  to  Michigan  and  later 
came  to  Elkhorn,  Montana,  and  in  1896  to  his  present 
place,  a  snug  and  well  kept  farm  about  one-half  mile 
southwest  from  Nezperce.  He  had  but  little  when  he 
located  this  land  and  so  he  was  forced  to  endure  the 
hardships  and  arduous  labor  of  pioneer  life;  he  has 
faithfully  labored  on  until  he  has  a  good  farm,  well 
improved,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  this 
section.  Mr.  Fish  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Fish  and  Miss  Emma  Hart, 
a  native  of  Calumet,  Michigan,  was  solemnized  on 
April  18,  1887,  and  four  children  have  been  born  to 
gladden  the  home:  Laura,  Arlie,  Rehomode  and 
Mardiez  E.  Mrs.  Fish  was  born  on  May  28,  1871. 
Mr.  Fish  and  his  family  all  affiliate  with  the  Catholic 
church  and  are  faithful  supporters  of  the  faith. 


JOHN  T.  LOUGH.  The  apostle  Paul  minis- 
tered to  his  own  and  to  the  needs  of  those  with  him 
through  the  work  of  his  own  hands  and  thus  preached 
the  gospel  free  to  all.  Such  has  been  the  career  of  the 
estimable  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this 
article  and  he  is  now  preaching  regularly  at  Gifford  and 
other  points,  while  he  also  handles  his  farm,  which  is 
located  one  and  one-half  miles  east  from  Lookout.  On 
.March  17,  1878,  in  Barry  county,  Missouri,  John  T. 
Lough  was  ordained  to  preach  in  the  church  of  Christ 
and  since  that  time  he  has  been  active  in  the  spread  of 
the  faith. 

Mr.  Lough  was  born  near  Waveland,  Indiana,  on 
October  12,  1846,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  M.  and 
Delilah  J.  (Stalcup)  Lough.  The  father  was  born  in 
Cumberland  county,  Kentucky,  on  January  25.  1823, 
and  died  February  5,  1902.  His  father,  Thomas  W., 
was  born  March'  12,  1788,  in  Virginia:  the  great- 
grandfather of  our  subject  was  a  pioneer  in  Kentucky 
and  enlisted  in  the  Revolution  under  General  Wash- 
ington, but  on  account  of  his  youth  was  detailed  as  a 
servant  of  the  General,  and  afterward  married  a  niece 


356 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  George  Washington's  mother.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Tennessee,  in  1822,  and  died  in 
August,  1857.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  in  Tennes- 
see. When  John  T.  was  ten  months  of  age  the  family 
went  to  the  father's  old  home  in  Kentucky  and  when 
John  was  ten  years  old  they  all  went  to  Texas.  Gray- 
son  county  was  the  home  place  and  in  the  time  of  the 
Civil  war"  he  and  his  father  were  conscripted  for  the 
Confederate  army.  In  the  spring  of  1865  Mr.  Lough 
went  to  Barry  county,  Missouri,  and  farmed  and  fol- 
lowed saw-milling.  As  stated  before,  it  was  there  that 
he  began  preaching  for  the  church  of  Christ,  being 
the  first  county  evangelist.  In  1892  ha  sold  out  and 
came  to  Latah  county,  where  he  resided  until  the 
spring  of  1896,  when  he  come  and  took  his  present 
place.  This  he  has  farmed  in  good  shape  and  it  is 
one  of  the  fine  farms  of  the  county. 

On  December  23,  1867,  .Mr.  Lough  married  Miss 
Nancy  C.,  daughter  of  Josiah  and  Lodusky  (Smith) 
Daug'herty,  natives  of  Tennessee.  Mr.  Daugherty 
was  a  pioneer  of  southwestern  Missouri  and  served  in 
the  Confederate  army.  Mrs.  Lough  was  born  in 
Barry  county,  in  1841,  and  died  on  August  2,  1897. 
Three  children  were  born  to  this  marriage :  Delilah  L. 
Kelly,  at  Gifford,  Idaho ;  Margaret  E.  Nelson,  in  Cal- 
ifornia; Lona  A.,  at  home.  Mr.  Lough  is  a  stanch 
Democrat  and  in  Latah  and  this  county  he  refused  the 
nomination  for  the  state  legislature,  when  his  nomi- 
nation meant  his  election.  He  has  always  been  an  ad- 
vocate, of  first-class  schools,  and  has  labored  faithfully 
for  the  welfare  of  all,  both  temporally  and  spiritually, 
and  he  is  highly  respected  and  beloved  by  all. 


FRANK  WESLEY  WOODIN.  The  esteemed 
gentleman  whose  name  forms  the  caption  of  this  ar- 
ticle is  one  of  the  younger  men  who  are  ,making  of  the 
reservation  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county  one  of  the 
most  valuable  farming  regions  in  the  state  of  Idaho. 
His  estate  of  one-quarter  section  is  situated  three  miles 
west  from  Peck.  He  has  devoted  himself  with  in- 
dustry and  skill  to  jts  improvement  and  culture  since 
taking  it  in  the  year  of  the  opening  of  the  reservation. 

Frank  W.  Woodin  was  born  in  Osceola  county, 
Michigan,  on  May  8,  1876,  being  the  son  of  Professor 
Frank  E.  and  Urena  V.  (Benscootter)  Woodin.  Pro- 
fessor Woodin  is  a  man  of  considerable  note,  being  an 
expert  artist-  and  lecturer.  Especially  has  he  gained 
prestige  in  Michigan,  his  home  state.  He  handles  the 
caricatures  of  the  Toledo  Blade  and  other  journals. 
He  was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Michigan,  in  August, 
1853.  The  mother  of  our'  subject  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  on  November  10,  1853,  and 
died  in  1892.  Her  father  was  one  of  the  sturdy  pio- 
neers of  the  early  days.  Frank  W.  grew  to  manhood 
and  gained  his  education  in  Detroit,  Michigan.  In 
1892  he  graduated  from  the  high  school  in  that  city 
and  then  devoted  himself  to  the  mastery  of  the  tin- 
ner's art.  This  being  accomplished,  he  came  to  south- 
ern Minnesota,  after  traveling  around  considerably  in 
other  portions  of  the  country,  and  in  Minnesota  he 


engaged  in  firing  on  the  railroad  for  a  time.  In  1895, 
on  account  of  the  sickness  of  his  brother,  Charles, 
who  died  in  September,  1898,  he  came  west  and  re- 
mained with  him  on  American  Ridge  for  a  time.  In 
1895,  at  the  opening  of  the  reservation,  .Mr.  Woodin 
took  a  claim  near  Nezperce,  but  becoming  involved  in 
a  contest,  he  abandoned  the  claim  and  came  to  the 
vicinity  of  Peck.  Here  he  found  a  settler  on  his 
present  place  who  was  willing  to  abandon  for  a 
horse  and  saddle  that  Mr.  Woodin  had,  and  the  trade 
was  soon  was  consumated.  Mr.  Woodin  then  went  to 
work  to  get  a  little  start,  for  he  had  scanty  capital 
at  that  date,  and  for  two  years  he  worked  in  the 
neighborhood.  He  has  steadily  devoted  himself  to  the 
improvement  of  his  farm  and  now  has  a  good  place. 
Mr.  Woodin  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows: 
Bessie  Pearl,  is  one  of  the  successful  educators  of  the 
county  and  keeps  house  for  our  subject;  Charles  E., 
deceased;  Bertha  L.,  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  holding  the 
position  of  stenographer  for  the  Cressor  Company, 
ladies  furnishers ;  William  M.  S.,  in  this  county  with 
our  subject;  Elizabeth  M.  E.,  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  with 
her  father.  Mr.  Woodin  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
at  Peck,  and  a  Republican  in  politics  and  is  a  good 
citizen  possessed  of  many  friends.  His  uncle,  Captain 
Ira  Ennis,  was  a  volunteer  from  Michigan  in  the  Civil 

His'  uncle,  Al  Beorry,  was  in  the  Civil  war  and 
languished  a  year  in  Libby  prison. 


EDWARD  E.  WATTS,  M.  D.,  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing professional  men  of  Nez  Perces  county.  Naturally 
endowed  with  the  talent  and  ability  requisite  for  the 
medical  profession — and  in  this  profession  it  must  be 
understood  that  an  enlightened  public  require 
tegrity,  talent,  skill,  erudition  and  thoroughness  in 
keeping  abreast  of  the  rapidly  advancing  science  of 
medicine, — being  naturally  endowed,  we  remark,  in  a 
generous  manner  and  aided  by  a  careful  and  thorough 
course  in  general  and  technical  education,  also  skilled 
by  a  long  and  thorough  practice,  Dr.  Watts  is  emi- 
nently fitted  to  handle  the  large  and  ever  increasing 

Edward  E.  Watts  was  born  in  Columbia  City, 
Louisa  county,  Iowa,  on  February  22,  1854,  being'  the 
son  of  John  M.  and  Sarah  (Gunn)  Watts,  natives  of 
Ohio  and  of  Scotch  extraction.  The  father  was 
pioneer  of  the  territory  of  Iowa  from  Indiana  and 
was  a  faithful  preacher  for  the  Christian  church  foi 
twenty-five  years,  and  also  did  farming.  When  Ed- 
ward was  eleven  his  parents  both  died  and  he  was  thus 
early  left  to  try  the  hardships  of  a  cold  world.  He 
worked  for  farmers  and  gained  schooling  in  the 
winters  and  his  industry  is  manifest  in  that  he  joined  ' 
the  ranks  of  the  educators  when  he  was  but  seven- 
teen, and  for  five  years  he  taught,  studied  medicin 
and  perfected  himself  in  higher  education.  In  1875, 
by  dint  of  hard  labor  and  careful  study  he  had  been 
enabled  to  pay  his  own  way  through  the  Americ 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


University  at  Philadelphia  and  with  credit  to  him- 
self he  graduated  there  in  that  year.  The  next  year 
he  located  in  Unionville,  Missouri,  and  for  five  years 
he  enjoyed  a  good  practice.  Then  he  located  at  Bige- 
low,  Kansas,  and  for  seven  years  he  practiced  there. 
It  was  1888  that  he  came  to  Juliaetta  and  in  1891 
Dr.  Watts  determined  to  enjoy  and  bring  to  the  west 
the  results  of  a  thorough  post  graduate  course  and 
accordingly  he  spent  one  year  in  the  Eclectic  Medical 
Institute  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  receiving  additional  di- 
plomas from  that  institution,  which  is  the  very  father 
of  eclecticism  in  the  entire  world.  After  this  excel- 
lent course,  in  which  as  in  other  investigations  and 
training  the  Doctor  had  paid  especial  attention  to 
surgery,  he  came  to  Southwick,  Idaho,  and  established 
himself  there.  In  April,  1901,  discerning  the  excellent 
location  of  Gifford,  he  came  hither  and  has  since  his 
coming  enjoyed  an  exceptionally  good  practice,  his 
skill  and  success  having  already  preceded  him  hither. 

Dr.  Watts  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters :  James 
M.,  Edwin  O.,  Elizabeth  M.,  widow  of  David  Grif- 
fiths; Mary  A.,  wife  of  James  M.  Osborne.  James 
lives  in  Pullman  and  the  others  live  in  Kansas  and 
Iowa.  Dr.  Watts  takes  the  proper  interest  in  politics 
and  is  allied  with  the  Democratic  party  and  has  been 
a  delegate  to  nearly  all  the  county  conventions.  He 
is  examining  physician  for  the  W.  of  W. 

Dr.  Watts  was  married  and  has  three  children: 
Victor,  in  Kansas;  Charles  E.  and  William  A.,  at 
Southwick,  Idaho.  His  brothers  James  M.  and  Jona- 
than W.,  were  in  the  Union  army  under  Sherman. 
Jonathan  was  killed  in  Georgia  while  he  was  assisting 
to  build  breastworks.  They  were  both  privates.  Dr. 
Watts  has  hosts  of  friends  wherever  he  is  known  and 
is  a  man  of  sterling  worth  and  commanding  ability. 


DEXTER  D.  MERRITT.  A  man  of  wide  ex- 
perience in  the  ways  of  life  and  who  has  wrought  with 
wisdom  and  energy  in  the  occupations  of  his  hand 
and  is  now  one  of  the  substantial  and  respected  citi- 
zens of  Melrose,  it  is  consistent  with  the  province  of 
this  work  to  incorporate  the  salient  points  of  his  career 
in  its  pages. 

Dexter  D.  Merritt  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  June  10,  1848,  being  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Jewett)  Merritt.  The  father 
was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1787,  settled  in  western 
New  York  in  1807  and  died  in  1870.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  New  York  in  1814  and  died 
in  1851.  When  eleven  years  old  Dexter  went  from 
the  parental  roof  for  the  stern  duties  of  life.  He  was 
educated  in  New  York  after  this  and  then  came  to 
Iowa  when  he  was  fifteen.  He  settled  in  Clayton 
county,  and  farmed  until  1873,  lnen  came  a  migratory 
journey  to  Colorado  and  for  ten  years  he  delved  in 
the  mines  of  that  state,  working  in  Clear  Creek,  Lake, 

work.  Then  he  journeyed  to  Idaho  and  wrought  at 
his  trade  for  a  year  or  more,  after  which  he  came 
again  to  Colorado  and  farmed  in  Rio  Grande  county. 


Idaho,  and  wrought  for  a  couple  of  years,  also  oper- 
ated a  general  merchandise  store  there  for  a  time,  at 
Rock  Creek.  In  1899  Mr.  Merritt  came  to  Lewiston 
and  wrought  for  Small  and  Emory  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, and  in  September,  1902,  he  came  to  Melrose 
and  took  the  position  of  bookkeeper  in  the  concern 
of  Snyder  &  Company,  where  he  is  engaged  at  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Merritt  is  a  man  of  excellent 
qualities  and  has  won  the  approbation  and  confidence 
of  all.  He  has  ten  brothers  and  sisters  and  nine  half 
brothers  and  half  sisters.  Politically  Mr.  Merritt  is 
allied  with  the  Republicans.  His  brother,  Charles  C, 
was  a  captain  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Regiment  in  the  Civil  war 
and  for  nine  months  languished  in  a  war  prison  of 
the  enemy.  Another  brother,  Barton  M.,  who  died  at 
Folly  Island  before  Charleston,  was  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth  New  York  Regiment. 


AARON  BRADBURY.  Our  subject  early 
learned  the  exciting  ''way  of  the  west"  and  is  a  typi- 
cal frontiersman,  having  done  his  part  in  opening  for 
settlement  California,  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho. 

Aaron  Bradbury  was  born  in  New  York  City  on 
April  9,  1831,  being  the  son  of  Lewis  and  Maria 
(Smith)  Bradbury.  The  father,  who  came  to  Illi- 
nois in  1836,  was"  born  in  Ulster  county,  New  York, 
on  June  6,  1804,  and  died  in  1838.  His  grandfather, 
Amirhuhama,  was  born  in  Maine  on  March  II,  1762, 
and  served  two  years  and  eight  months  in  the  Revo- 
lution, enlisting  in  July,  1781,  in  a  Massachusetts 
regiment  under  Captain  Leonorde  and  Colonel  Will- 
iam Shepard  and  was  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and 
at  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis.  His  ancestors  settled 
in  Biddeford,  Maine,  in  1638.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1807  and  died  in  1898. 
Her  ancestors  were  of  the  Holland  Dutch  stock  and 
were  very  early  settlers  among  the  colonists.  Our 
subject's  "parents  removed  to  Ogle  county,  Illinois, 
when  he  was  a  lad,  in  1836,  and  they  were  among  the 
very  first  settlers  there.  There  he  grew  to  young 
manhood  and  received  his  education  in  the  district 
school.  He  was  a  studious  youth  and  gleaned  much 
information  from  reading  outside  of  the  school  course. 
He  also  learned  the  carpenter  trade  and  studied  law. 
He  also  gained  good  training  in  the  postoffice  at  Ore- 
gon, Illinois.  He  was  at  home  much  of  the  time,  but 
really  independent  action  for  him  began  at  the  age  of 
fifteen.  In  1850  he  was  taken  with  a  severe  attack 
of  the  gold  fever  and  no  cure  was  found  but  a  trip 
across  the  plains  and  years  of  delving  for  the  precious 
metal  in  the  mines  in  different  parts  of  California. 
Ten  vears  were  spent  in  this  way  and  he  then  came  to 
The  "Dalles  and  joined  an  expedition  for  exploration 
into  central  and  eastern  Oregon  under  Captain  Smith. 


my 


>ated 


in  and  then  he  returned  to  the  Willamette  valley  and 
taught  school  and  followed  other  vocations  until  1878, 
in  which  vear  a  journey  was  made  to  \\  hitman  county. 


358 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


He  took  lieu  land  below  Pullman  and  lived  on  it  until 
1897,  when  he  made  his  way  to  the  reservation  and 
secured  his  present  claim,  five  miles  southeast  from 
Melrose.  Mr.  Bradbury  married  in  1866  and  three 
sons  were  born  to  him:  John  W.,  in  the  Lewiston 
National  Bank;  Edward  G.,  a  school  teacher  in  New 
York  City;  Lewis,  at  Walla  Walla.  Mr.  Bradbury 
has  one  brother  living,  Lewis,  of  New  York,  and  one 
sister,  Mary  Mitchell,  also  in  New  York.  Mr.  Brad- 
bury was  justice  of  the  peace  in  Whitman  county 
for  fifteen  years  and  is  a  stanch  and  active  Democrat. 
He  was  made  a  Mason  in  California  in  1855  and  has 
a  dimissory  letter  dated  1857  from  his  home  lodge. 
A  typical  pioneer,  a  genial  companion,  a  well  informed 
man,  a  sturdy  and  patriotic  supporter  of  the  govern- 
ment and  withal  one  esteemed  and  highly  respected 
by  his  fellows,  Mr.  Bradbury  is  justly  worthy  of  the 
encomiums  he  enjoys  and  the  prestige  granted  him. 


JACOB  NOSBISCH.  The  success  that  has  at- 
tended the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  evidence  sufficient 
of  his  ability,  thrift,  industry  and  energy.  He  owns  a 
fine  farm  about  three  miles  southwest  from  Nezperce, 
and  here  he  has  shown  excellent  qualifications  to  handle 
the  resources  of  the  country  in  a  winning  manner. 

Jacob  Nosbisch  was  born  in  Huttingen,  the  vicinity 
of  Trier,  in  Prussia,  Germany,  on  April  3,  1868,  being 
the  son  of  Nicholas  and  Mary  Nosbisch,  also  natives 
of  the  same  country.  The  mother  died  in  January, 
1898,  but  the  father  is  still  living  on  the  old  home 
place,  leading  a  retired  life  and  being  well-to-do.  Our 
subject  is  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  seven  children  and 
the  only  one  in  the  United  States.  From  the  age  of 
six  to  fourteen  he  attended  public  school  in  his  native 
land,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  started  from  Bremen 
on  the  steamer  Nurenberge.  The  date  of  his  voyage 
was  October  28  and  the  landing  in  Baltimore  was 
November  13,  1885.  He  came  direct  to  Eagle  Grove, 
Iowa,  and  attended  school  the  first  winter  to  learn 
English.  He  worked  in  different  places  in  Iowa  and  in 
1893  went  to  Chicago  and  worked  in  a  garden  and 
also  attended  the  World's  Fair.  That  winter  was  spent 
in  St.  Joseph  College,  at  Teutopolis,  Illinois.  In  1894 
he  returned  to  Iowa  and  farmed  for  himself  until  1897. 
In  September  of  that  year  he  came  to  Uniontown, 
Washington,  and  in  October  to  his  present  place. 
Here  he  has  lived  and  labored  since.  His  flax  crop 
alone  this  year  was  nearly  one  thousand  bushels,  and 
he  has  other  crops  in  proportion.  Mr.  Nosbisch  also 
has  stock  and  his  is  a  fine  and  well  kept  farm.  He 
has  maintained  a  clean  record  here  and  is  well  thought 
of  by  his  neighbors  and  all  who  know  him,  being  a 
man  of  excellent  qualities  and  sound  principles.  He 
is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Catholic  church. 


ROBERT  M.  CLEVELAND.  One  of  the  pop- 
ular and  esteemed  citizens  of  Gifford  is  named  at  the 
head  of  this  article  and  his  geniality  and  public  spirit 


have  won  for  him  hosts  of  friends  in  all  sections  where 

Robert  M.  Cleveland  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
Tennessee,  on  March  6,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Lar- 
kin  J.  and  Minerva  (Parker)  Cleveland.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  at  Golden  City,  Missouri, 
and  then  took  a  complete  course  in  civil  engineer- 
ing. Three  years  were  spent  after  he  was  twenty  in 
railroad  work,  and  then  he  was  engaged  in  buying 

?889  MnClevdand  came6  west  to  Colfax,  Wa^hingtJj 
Then  he  operated  as  baggageman,  express  messenger, 
brakeman,  fireman,  and  so  forth  for  three  years  and 
after  this  returned  to  Whitman  county  and  rented  land 
for  a  time.  We  next  see  him  in  the  Potlatch  country, 
and  there  he  bought  a  quarter  and  when  the  reser- 
vation opened  Mr.  Cleveland  came  to  his  present  place, 
one-half  mile  south  from  Gifford,  and  on  October 
19,  1895,  filed  on  it.  He  has  made  a  fine  farm  which 
is  very  valuable  and  a  good  dividend  producer.  Mr. 
Cleveland  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  men 
of  the  community. 

On  March  n,  1890,  Mr.  Cleveland  married  Miss 
Minnie  C,  daughter  of  Jacob  E.  and  Myra  (Baldwin) 
Brake,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Colfax.  Mrs. 
Cleveland  was  born  in  Newton  county,  Missouri,  on 
March  3,  1869.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Ohio  and 
her  mother  of  Canada.  She  has  one  sister :  Ella,  wife 
of  Harvey  W.  Doolen,  of  Missouri.  Mr.  Cleveland 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F., 
while  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cleveland  there  have  been  born 
four  children :  Clarence  C.,  Alfred  H.,  Harry  B..  and 
Minnie  C.  Mr.  Cleveland  is  one  of  the  men  whose 
labors  have  made  the  beautiful  Beeman  Flat  country 
prosperous  and  productive  of  great  wealth,  and  he  is 
a  leader  in  excellent  farming  and  is  a  man  of  ability 
and  stands  well  with  his  fellows. 


ROBERT  E.  MOSER.  The  reservation  country 
has  been  the  scene  of  the  labors  of  this  gentleman 
for  some  years,  and  here  he  has  shown  his  ability  to 
handle  the  resources  of  the  country  in  a  winning  man- 
ner, for  he  has  increased  his  holding  from  s  very 

those  of  a  substantial  and  prosperous,  thrifty  farmer. 

Robert  E.  Moser  was  born  in  Catawba  county, 
North  Carolina,  on  February  7,  1866,  being  the  son 
of  John  P.  and  Catherine  M.'(Roseman)  Moser.  The 
father  was  born  and  reared  in  Tennessee  and  served 
through  the  Civil  war.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  a  native  of  Catawba  county.  Robert  was  the 
fourth  of  a  family  of  six  children,  and  when  a  child 
they  all  removed  to  Monroe  county,  Tennessee,  and 
when  he  was  twelve  they  returned  to  North  Carolina. 
He  was  educated  in  Concordia  College,  in  Catawba 
county,  and  afterwards  taught  school  for  a  few  terms 
and  held  a  first  grade  certificate.  In  1889  he  came  to 
Oakesdale,  Washington,  and  there  took  up  farming. 

On  October  30,   1894,  Mr.  Moser  married  Miss 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


359 


Florence  M.,  daughter  of  Frank  M.  and  Eleanor  S. 
(Bellinger)  Brown,  natives  of  St.  Lawrence  county, 
New  York,  where  also  Mrs.  Moser  was  born.  They 
came  to  Whitman  county  in  an  early  day.  Mrs.  Moser 
is  a  niece  of  Jacob  Bellinger,  of  Colfax.  Soon  after 
his  marriage  Mr.  Moser  went  to  the  Potlatch  country, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1896  he  came  to  his  present  place, 
one-half  mile  southwest  from  Nezperce.  He  has  a 
first-class  farm,  well  improved,  having  a  two-story, 
eight-room  residence,  a  commodious  barn,  out  build- 
ings, and  other  improvements  as  orchard,  fences, 
implements  and  so  forth.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moser:  Marion  L.,  Eleanor  C., 
Maggie  M.,  Ollie  I.  Mr.  Moser  is  a  member  of  the 
K.  O.  T.  M.,  of  Nezperce.  He  is  a  reliable  and  up- 
right man,  who  has  hosts  of  friends  and  has  done 
a  worthy  part  in  the  development  of  the  reservation 
country. 


JACOB  ALTMILLAR.  Among  the  sturdy  sons 
of  the  fatherland  who  have  become  stanch  and  pariotic 
citizens  of  the  free  land,  we  notice  the  subject  of  this 
article  as  one  of  the  best  of  them  and  a  man  of  ster- 
ling worth  and  integrity. 

Jacob  Altmillar  was  born  in  Germany  in  1840, 
being  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Conna  (Constantier) 
Altmillar,  born  in  Germany  in  1806  and  1811  and  died 
there  in  1896  and  1882,  respectively.  Jacob  grew  to 
manhood  and  received  his  education  in  his  native 
place  and  wrought  at  the  charcoal  burner's  trade  until 
he  was  twenty-six,  when  he  used  the  capital  he  had 
accumulated  to  start  in  the  mercantile  business.  He 
was  a  careful  buyer  and  a  good  salesman  and  attended 
to  the  details  of  the  business  with  such  care  and  wis- 
dom that  he  had  a  splendid  trade  and  success  in  every 
way  crowned  his  endeavors.  In  1884  he  desired  to 
see  the  new  world  and  accordingly  sold  his  property 
and  business  and  came  to  Juliaetta'.  He  took  land  on 
American  ridge,  one  mile  from  town,  and  went  to  pro- 
ducing the  fruits  of  the  field  and  raising  stock.  Eight 
years  later  we  find  him  selling  this  property  and  an- 
other move  was  made.  This  time  to  the  Potlatch 
country  and  there  he  bought  school  land.  Five  years 
covered  the  period  of  his  labors  in  that  place  and  Mr. 
Altmillar  then  came  to  his  present  place,  three  miles 
north  from  Melrose.  He  filed  in  1898  and  since  that 
time  has  devoted  himself  to  its  improvement  and 
culture.  He  has  good  buildings  and  the  place  shows 
the  labors  of  a  master  hand  in  the  art  of  agriculture. 
Eighty  acres  are  under  the  plow  and  the  balance  of 
the  property  is  devoted  to  pasture  and  wood  lots. 
Fruit  and  stock,  with  general  farm  products,  are  the 
market  dividends  produced  and  Mr.  Altmillar  is  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  the  community. 

While  in  Germany  Mr.  Altmillar  married  in  1866, 
Miss  Tafara  Constantia  becoming  his  wife.  Her  par- 


mi  liar  and  family  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church 
and  are  ardent  supporters  of  that  faith.  He  was  a 
public  official  in  Germany  and  has  served  as  justice  of 
the  peace  here  for  three  years.  Politically  Mr.  Alt- 
millar is  independent,  reserving  for  his  own  judgment 
the  qualifications  of  the  man.  He  has  educated  his 
children  well  in  the  English  branches  and  is  a  warm 
champion  of  good  schools. 


ALVAH  T.  ROGERS.  The  enterprising  and 
industrious  gentleman,  whose  name  is  at  the  head 
of  this  article,  has  made  from  the  wild  land  that  he 
took  as  a  homestead  in  1895,  a  model  farm  and  one 
of  the  finest  home  places  and  productive  farms  in  the 
vicinity  of  Gifford.  It  lies  about  one  mile  north  from 
town  and  is  a  tasty  and  beautiful  rural  abode.  Mr. 
Rogers  devotes  his  attention  to  general  farming,  and 
also  to  -raising  stock.  He  has  a  fine  orchard,  good 
buildings  and  is  prosperous  and  a  substantial  citizen. 

Reverting  to  the  personal  details  of  his  life,  we 
note  that  Mr.  Rogers  was  born  in  Minnesota,  on  May 
-22,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  D.  and  Mary  J. 
(Kerns)  Rogers.  The  parents  removed  to  Scott  coun- 
ty, Iowa,  when  our  subject  was  an  infant  and  later 
went  to  Iowa  county.  For  sixteen  years  Alvah  re- 
mained there,  working  on  the  farm  and  gaining  his 
education  from  the  schools  in  winter.  After 
leaving  home  he  rentel  land  there  and  farmed 
until  1890,  when  he  decided  to  try  the  west, 
and  accordingly  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Gar- 
field,  Washington,  and  there  farmed  success- 
fully for  five  years.  The  next  move  was  to 
his  present  place,  described  above.  Mr.  Rogers  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church,  while  in 
political  matters  he  is  allied  with  the  Republican  party. 
He  is  not  desirous  of  preferment  in  this  line,  although 
he  has  given  his  time  on  the  school  board  for  the  pro- 
motion of  good  schools. 

On  July  3, .Mr.  Rogers  married  Miss  Mary  B. 

Lewis,  daughter  of 'William  R.  and  Nancy  A.  (  F.ran- 
son)  Lewis.  Mrs.  Rogers  has  two  brothers:  P.enton 
and  Joseph,  living  in  Columbia  county,  Colorado.  Her 
father  was  a  captain  in  the  Civil  war.'  Mr.  Rogers  has 
one  brother  who  is  still  living  in  Iowa.  Mr.  Rogers' 
father  was  a  soldier  for  two  years  and  one-half  in 
the  Civil  war  and  received  a  wound  in  his  head  from 
which  he  is  still  suffering.  He  was  reported  lost,  but 
afterward  made  his  way  home,  having  suffered 
greatly.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rogers  have  been  blessed  by 
the  advent  of  six  children:  Oscar  W.,  Mary  P.,  Roy 
S.,  Walter  A.,  Arthur  L.,  and  Milton  C. 


PEARL  C.  LACEY  is  ; 


f  energy  and  in- 

with  no  uncertainty  in  his  labors  and  achievements, 
which  have  placed  "him  in  the  catalogue  of  the  pros- 
perous and  successful  agriculturists  in  Nez  Perces 
county. 


in  1830.  She  has  no  brothers  and  sisters.  Mr.  Alt- 
millar has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters  in  Germany. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  gladden  the  house- 
hold :  Constantia  and  Frank,  both  at  home.  Mr.  Alt- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  Lacey  was  born  in  Adair  county,  Iowa,  on 
August  15,  1871,  being  the  son  of  Warnik  S.  and 
Martha  (Chancy)  Lacey,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Virginia,  respectively.  The  former  was  born  in  1831, 
was  a  pioneer  in  Ohio  and  now  lives  in  Wisconsin, 
having  passed  an  active  life  as  a  carpenter,  while  the 
latter  was  born  in  1839  ancl  died  in  l886-  9ur  sub' 
ject's  parents  removed  to  Sauk  county,  Wisconsin, 
when  he  was  six  years  of  age.  In  Reedburg,  that 
county,  he  grew  up  and  was  educated  and  when  he 
had  reached  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  the  labors 
of  life  for  himself.  About  that  time  he  came  to 
Washington,  settling  in  the  vicinity  of  Sprague,  where 
he  worked  on  a  farm  for  two  years.  After  that  period 
he  went  to  the  Potlatch  country  and  purchased  a  piece 
of  land,  devoting  himself  to  its  improvement  for  a 
number  of  years.  It  was  in  1894  that  he  came  to  the 
reservation  and  leased  land  from  the  Indians  and 
farmed  it.  He  was  engaged  in  this  occupation  when 
the  reservation  opened  up  and  immediately,  secured 
a  quarter  section  for  himself.  He  has  improved  it 
in  a  good  shape,  has  a  good  house,  a  fine  orchard  and 
raises  flax,  barley  and  timothy.  The  estate  lies  six 

In  1894  Mr.  Lacey  married  Miss  Martha,  daughter 
of  L.  D.  and  Mary  Porter.  The  father  is  a  farmer 
and  a  native  of  Tennessee.  Mrs.  Lacey  was  born  in 
Missouri  in  1875  and  has  three  sisters  and  one 
brother.  Mr.  Lacey  has  one  brother  and  one  sister: 
Edwin,  in  Buffalo,  New  York ;  Nettie  Adams,  in  Wis- 
consin. To  our  subject  and  his  faithful  companion 
there  have  been  born  the  following  children:  Claude, 
Ernest,  Nettie,  Edgar.  Mr.  Lacey  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Baptist  church  and  are  devout  sup- 
porters of  the  faith.  He  is  a  member  of  the  school 
board  and  is  always  striving  for  the  betterment  of 
educational  facilities.  Mr.  Lacey  had  one  uncle  in  the 
Civil  war  and  Mrs.  Lacey's  father  fought  on  the 
southern  side.  Our  subject  and  his  worthy  wife  are 
highly  respected  people  and  are  the  recipients  of  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  their  fellows. 


OLIVER  L.  FAIRLEY.  This  enterprising  and 
well  known  agriculturist  and  business  man  is  at  the 
present  time  handling  the  Monroe  house,  one  of  the 
leading  hotels  in  the  reservation  portion  of  the  county 
of  Nez  Perces.  It  is  situated  in  Peck,  adjoining  which 
town  Mr.  Fairley  owns  a  first-class  ranch. 

Oliver  L.  Fairley  was  born  in  Cherokee  county, 
Kansas,  on  October  16,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Edward 
and  Martha  (Sailing)  Fairley.  natives  of  Iowa  and 
born  in  1848.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  carpenter 
and  pioneer  to  California  in  an  early  day.  The  father 
and  mother  are  still  living  on  the  reservation.  Our 
subject  grew  to  the  age  of  fourteen  in  Kansas  and 
then  the  family  removed  to  Salem,  Oregon,  and  thence 
to  Grant  county,  in  the  same  state.  Soon  they  re- 
moved to  Montgomery  county,  California,  and  one 
year  later  journeyed  to  the  Grande  Ronde  country 
in  Oregon.  After  failing  to  get  a  filing  on  some  land 


they  came  to  the  Palouse  country,  settling  near  Viola. 
The  next  year  they  went  to  Douglas  county,  Wash- 
ington, it  being  1887,  and  there  they  raised  stock  on 
a  large  scale.  Our  subject  commenced  to  drive  stage 
from  Coulee  City  to  Waterville  and  Wenatchee  and 
continued  for  eight  years.  All  the  time  he  was  in- 
terested with  his  father  in  the  stock  business.  In 
1896  they  left  that  country  and  the  following  year 
they  came  to  their  present  place  adjoining  Peck  and 
settled,  the  land  being  then  unsurveyed.  They  filed 
in  June,  1898.  Mr.  Fairley  has  a  nice  lot  of  stock, 
cattle,  hogs  and  so  forth.  He  also  raises  much  poultry 
and  does  a  general  farming  business.  Good  build- 
ings adorn  the  premises. 

At  Peshastin,  Washington,  Mr.  Fairley  married 
Miss  Martha  G.,  daughter  of  Morgan  and  Mary  E. 
(Adams)  Lacey.  The  nuptials  occurred  on  December 
17,  1895.  Mr.  Lacey  was  born  in  Virginia  and  his 
wife  in  Iowa.  Her  father  died  when  she  was  nine 
months  old  and  her  mother  when  she  was  seven  years 
of  age.  Mrs.  Fairley  was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1866, 
and  is  an  only  child.  Mr.  Fairley  has  one  brother: 
Earl  E.,  at  Peck.  Mr.  Fairley  is  a  Democrat  but  not. 
aggressive.  He  labors  zealously  for  the  promotion 
of  good  educational  facilities  and  is  a  stirring  business 


ROBERT  H.  STEELE.  An  honorable  ancl  up- 
right man,  a  patriotic  citizen,  a  first-class  farmer  and 
an  enterprising  business  man,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  eminently  fitted  for  representation  in  the 
history  of  this  county. 

Robert  H.  Steele  was  born  in  Randolph  county, 
Missouri,  on  April  16,  1858,  being  the  son  of  William 
M.  and  Nancy  H.  (Wallace)  Steele,  natives  re- 
spectively of  Kentucky  and  North  Carolina.  Robert 
grew  up  on  a  farm,  obtained  a  common  schooling,  and 
in  1878  went  to  Colorado  Springs,  where  he  teamed 
and  railroaded  until  1881.  In  that  year  he  came  to 
southern  Idaho  and  there  wrought  on  the  Oregon 
Shortline  and  in  1883  we  find  him  in  the  same  labor 
between  Colfax  and'  Pullman.  In  1884  Mr.  Steele 
went  to  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  and  packed  for  Charlie 
Smith  for  a  time,  then  worked  in  a  sawmill  in  Pa- 
louse.  In  the  winter  of  1884-5  he  went,  via  Portland, 
to  San  Francisco,  Old  Mexico,  Texas,  and  so  forth, 
to  his  home  in  Missouri,  to  visit  his  father,  his  mother 
having  died  in  1871.  While  crossing  the  Cascade 
mountains  they  were  snowed  in  and  were  twenty-three 
days  cooped  up  and  finally  had  to  walk  out,  almost 
perishing,  as  three  days  were  spent  without  food 
under  these  trying  circumstances.  Two  years  were 
spent  in  the  east  and  then  Mr.  Steele  came  to  the 
vicinity  of  Troy,  Latah  county,  and  there  took  a  pre- 
emption. This  was  the  arena  of  his  labors  in  the 
stock  business  until  the  spring  of  1896,  when  he  came 
to  his  present  place  at  Steele  postoffice,  and  took  a 
homestead.  This  has  been  improved  in  a  good  man- 
ner, has  produced  abundant  returns  of  crops,  is  a 
valuable  piece  of  land  and  shows  in  every  point  the 
skill  and  thrift  of  Mr.  Steele.  His  means  were  limited 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


when  he  opened  this  place  but  now  he  has  gained  a 
good  competence.  Tn  April,  1902,  Mr.  Steele  was 
appointed  postmaster  of.  Steele  postoffice  and  since 
that  time  has  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office  in 
an  acceptable  manner.  In  addition  to  the  postoffice  and 
farm,  Mr.  Steele  has  opened  a  general  merchandise 
establishment  and  is  constantly  increasing  his  stock 
as  tlie  demands  of  trade  indicate.  He  is  a  good, 
substantial  man,  well  respected  by  all  who  know  him 
and  is  an  influential  factor  in  the  upbuilding  of  the 
country.  He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W. 

On  February  17,  1895,  Mr.  Steele  married  Miss 
Nettie  B.,  daughter  of  Allen  and  Susan  Summers, 
who  were  pioneers  to  Bates  county,  Missouri,  and 
also  to  Latah  county  and  in  1896  to  the  reservation 
country  near  Nezperce,  where  the  father  died  on 
February  21,  1902.  The  mother  still  lives  on  the  old 
home  place.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Steele:  William  A.,  Victor  H.,  and  Susan 
F.  Mr.  Steele  enlisted  in  the  National  Guards  in 
1890  and  served  three  years,  being  there  soon  after 
the  Frisco  mine  was  blown  up.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Steele 
are  members  of  the  church  and  are  in  hearty  sympathy 
with  this  branch  of  labor  as  in  all  worthy  endeavors 
for  the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  all. 


SAMUEL  E.  LOWARY  is  an  enterprising  farmer 
and  stockman,  two  miles  southwest  from  Melrose, 
where  he  took  the  raw  land  and  has  made  worthy  im- 
provements and  also  placed  himself  as  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  community.  He  handles  stock  and 
raises  the  cereals  and  his  place  is  a  model  of  excellent 
cultivation  and  thrift.  Mr.  Lowary  also  has  a  fine 
orchard  and  intends  making  his  place  one  of  the  finest 
that  skill  and  labor  can  accomplish. 

Samuel  E.  Lowary  was  born  in  Chautauqua  county, 
Kansas,  on  November  16,  1871,  being  the  son  of  James 
and  Mary  A.  (Hawkins)  Lowary.  The  father  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  March 
2O,  1833,  served  as  teamster  in  the  Civil  war,  came  as 
a  pioneer  to  the  big  bend  country  in  Washington  in 
April,  1883,  and  died  there  July  10,  1901,  aged  sixty- 
eight  years,  three  months  and  twenty  days.  The  moth- 
er was  born  in  Missouri,  on  January  i,  1839,  and  died 
March  5,  1886.  Our  subject  grew  up  in  the  various 
places  the  family  lived  and  was  favored  with  a  public 
school  education.  In  September,  1879,  the  family  came 
to  the  Grande  Ronde  valley,  Oregon,  crossing  the 
plains  with  wagons.  Then  came  the  move  to  Wash- 
ington, as  mentioned  above,  and  our  subject  remained 
at  home  until  twenty-one,  at  which  time  he 
bought  land,  and  farmed  until  1895.  In  that  year  he 
came  to  the  Potlatch  country,  tilling  the  soil  there  un- 
til the  reservation  opened,  in  1896,  when  he  came  and 
settled  on  his  present  place,  and  here  he  has  devoted 
his  labors  assiduously  since  with  the  happy  result  that 
his  estate  is  one  of  the  best  improved  and  most  excel- 
lent ones  in  the  community. 

In  the  spring  of  1896  in  Latah  county.  Mr.  Lowary 
married  Miss  Harriett  E.  Timmons,  daughter  of  Will- 


iam and  Mary  Timmons,  natives  of  Iowa  and  Penn- 
sylvania, respectively.  The  father  was  a  farmer.  Mrs. 
Lowary  was  born  in  Floyd  county,  Iowa,  on  July  26, 
1877.  She  has  four  sisters  and  three  brothers  living. 
Mr.  Lowary  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters,  Frank  and  George,  in  Lincoln  county,  Wash- 
ington;  Lorenzo,  in  Nez  Perces  county;  Minnie  B. 
Richardson,  in  this  county.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lowary 
there  have  been  born  four  children,  Annie  B.,  Bertha 
E..  George  and  Dora.  Mr.  Lowary  affiiliates  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  Melrose.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics  and  is  a  stanch  advocate  of  good 
schools  and  churches.  Mrs.  Lowary  had  one  uncle  in 
the  Civil  war.  It  is  with  pleasure  that  we  can  record 
that  Mr.  Lowary  stands  well  with  the  people  and  is  one 
of  the  leading  and  responsible  men  of  this  section. 


GEORGE  W.  BELOIT.  Among  those  whose  la- 
bors have  developed  the  reservation  in  Nez  Perces 
county  must  be  mentioned  the  gentleman  whose  name 
is  at  the  head  of  this  article.  He  has  a  nice  farm  and 
good  improvements,  one  mile  west  from  Summit,  where 
the  family  home  is  now. 

George  W.  Beloit  was  born  in  Flint  City,  Michi- 
gan, on  July  19,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Charles  W.  and 
Sarah  J.  (Martin)  Beloit.  In  1870  the  family  re- 
moved to  Missouri,  the  father  taking  a  homestead  in 
Texas  county.  The  parents  remain  there  yet.  Our 
subject  left  the  parental  roof  at  the  age  of  fifteen  and 
worked  on  the  farms  of  the  state  for  two  years.  Then 
he  went  to  Montana,  being  engaged  on  the  stock 
ranches  and  teaming  for  the  government.  Later  he 
purchased  a  team  and  freighted,  gaining  sufficient 
means  to  enable  him  to  spend  a  season  in  the  Salt  Lake 
Seminary,  which  made  up  for  the  lack  of  educational 
training  he  was  deprived  of  in  his  earlier  days.  Later 
he  took  a  course  in  the  Helena  Business  College  and 
canvassed  for  a  Chicago  house  in  that  section  success- 
fully for  a  time  and  then  returned  to  Missouri  to  get 
married.  Bringing  his  bride  with  him,  he  came  to  Hel- 
ena and  canvassed  for  a  couple  of  years.  Later  he 
rented  a  farm  and  then  squatted  on  unsurveyed  land, 
bat  the  excessive  drought  spoiled  three  crops  and,  be- 
coming discouraged,  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Deer- 
lodge,  where  he  gained  employment  for  three  years. 
He  dealt  some  in  town  property  there.  In  1894  Mr. 
F>eloit  came  with  teams,  via  Boise  valley,  to  the  Pot- 
latch  country,  where  he  harvested  and  dealt  in  horses, 
md  in  1895  he  filed  on  his  present  place.  He  raises 
Battle  and  hogs  and  uses  the  entire  production  of  the 
farm  to  feed  his  stock.  Mr.  Beloit  has  been  especially 
successful  in  breeding  hogs.  He  handles  the  Berk- 
shires  exclusively,  and  has  some  fine  premium  winners 
and  also  a  good  many  animals  that  are  registered  and 
eligible  for  registration.  His  success  in  this  line  has 
placed  him  in  the  lead  in  this  entire  section. 

Politically  Mr.  Beloit  is  a  Prohibitionist  and  has 
acted  as  delegate  to  the  state  convention.  He  was  nom- 
'  ed  for  the  legislature  and  was  defeated,  as  he  ex- 
pected. He  has  two  brothers,  Virgil  and  Fred,  both 


362 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  Colorado,  and  he  also  has  three  sisters:  Cora  N., 
wife  of  Mr.  Leslie :  Carrie,  wife  of  Elmer  McClelland, 
of  Mackey,  Idaho ;  Clara,  wife  of  Mr.  Gray.  The  last 
named  sisters  are  twins.  Mr.  Beloit's  wife  was  born 
in  Washington  county,  Missouri,  on  August  16,  1863. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Beloit  there  have  been  born  seven 
children,  Tesse  J.,  Heman  H.,  Mabel  V.,  Wayne  M., 
Florence  N.,  Ray  and  Elden.  Mr.  Beloit  and  his  es- 
timable wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 


PRESLEY  P.  CLEVELAND.  Men,  like  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  are  the  ones  who  have  made  the 
west  so  thrifty  and  wealthy.  Mr.  Cleveland  is  one  of 
the  leading  agriculturists  of  Nez  Perces  county.  We 
make  that  statement  guardedly  and  the  reasons  are, 
that  he  has  in  the  first  place  a  well  selected  farm,  which 
he  took  from  the  wilds  when  the  reservation  was 
opened.  It  is  laid  out  with  wisdom  and  the  build- 
ings are  erected  with  an  outlook  both  for  convenience 
and  beauty.  He  has  a  well  selected  orchard  that  is  a 
model  in  every  respect.  His  land  is  handled  in  a  skill- 
ful manner,  being  rotated  to  a  variety  of  crops  as  hay, 
oats,  wheat,  barley,  flax  and  the  vegetables.  Mr. 
Cleveland  has  a  number  of  excellent  graded  cattle  and 
some  thoroughbred  hogs.  His  barns  are  commodi- 
ous and  his  residence  is  comfortable  and  tasty.  The 

try  and  skill  and  because  of  the  points  mentioned  it  is 
evident  that  it  is  one  of  the  model  farms  in  the  west, 
not  given  to  extremes  in  any  line,  but  manifesting  a 
beautiful  symmetry  and  proportion  in  all  points. 

Reverting  more  to  his  personal  history,  we  note 
that  Presley' P.  Cleveland  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
Tennessee/on  August  19,  1851.  being  the  son  of  Lar- 
kin  J.  and  Minerva  (Parker)  Cleveland.  The  father 
was  born  in  Tennessee  and  his  father  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  that  country  from  North  Carolina.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of  Tennessee  and 
her  father  came  from  Virginia  to  her  native  state. 
Presley  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  gained  his  education 
from  the  public  schools  and  from  Croton  Academy. 
He  remained  at  home  until  of  age  and  then  farmed  for 
a  widowed  cousin  for  four  years.  After  this,  he  op- 
erated a  farm  for  a  great-uncle  for  four  years,  during 
which  time  he  was  married  and  in  the  fall  of  1879  he 
came  to  northwestern  Missouri.  The  next  spring  he 
went  to  the  southern  part  of  that  state  and  nine  years 
later  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Garfield,  Washington, 
where  he  rented  land  and  also  near  Steptoe  Butte  for 
a  year  and  then  came  to  the  Potlatch  country,  settling 
near  Juliaetta  in  the  fall  of  1891.  In  the  spring  of 
1892  he  purchased  a  ranch  near  Kendrick  and  to  the 
tilling  of  that  he  gave  his  attention  until  the  reserva- 
tion opened  up  and  then  he  located  on  the  place  de- 
scribed above.  In  addition  to  the  items  mentioned  we 
should  relate  that  the  two  hundred  shade  trees  that 
Mr.  Cleveland  has  arranged  in  an  artistic  manner  about 
his  grounds  add  great  comfort,  beauty  and  value  to  the 
property.  In  addition  to  his  own  land  he  leases  eighty 
acres  from  Mr.  Gifford.  Mr.  Cleveland  has  three 


brothers,  Alfred  A.,  Harvey  H.  and  Robert  M.  Also 
he  has  two  sisters,  Cordie,  wife  of  Orin  Evans,  near 
Gifford:  Eliza,  wife  of  David. Black,  south  of  Gifford. 
Mrs.  Cleveland's  maiden  name  was  Nannie  J.  Rausin. 
She  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Tennessee.  He  had 
three  uncles  in  the  Confederate  army  and  one  in  the 

wounded  at  the  battle  of  Nashville. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cleveland  there  have  been  born 
ten  children,  Charles  F.,  Robert  B.,  Ben  J.,  Ira,  Satie 
L.,  Minerva  E.,  Larkin  P.,  Hattie  M.,  Grace  E.,  Lona 
H.  Mr.  Cleveland  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
community  and  is  always  alert  for  the  furthering  of' 
those  measures  that  tend  to  advance  the  welfare  of 
all.  He  was  formerly  a  Republican  in  politics  but  is 
now  a  Populist. 

Mrs.  Cleveland,  whose  parents  were  natives  of 
North  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  respectively,  but  now 
deceased,  had  three  uncles  in  the  Union  army :  one  on 
the  mother's  side,  and  two  on  the  father's  side. 


PHILANDER  H.  CLARK.  Although  Mr.  Clark 
has  not  been  in-  Nez  Perces  county  as  long  as  some  of 
the  pioneers,  still  he  has  been  in  different  sections  of 
the  west  for  a  long  time  and  has  wrought  with  energy 
and  skill  and  thrift  in  these  various  places  for  their 
upbuilding  and  advancement,  and  during  the  time  of  his 
stay  here  he  has  made  a  good  record  for  himself  and  is 
one  of  the  established  business  men  of  Gifford.  He 
operates  a  feed  and  livery  stable  and  does  a  good  busi- 
ness.. 

Philander  H.  Clark  was  born  in  Blount  county, 
Tennessee,  on  lune  4,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Philander 
H.  and  Margaret  J.  (Dearmond)  Clark,  natives  of 
Tennessee,  where  they  now  reside.  The  ancestors  came 
from  Scotland  and  England  and  were  of  French  de- 
scent. Our  subject  remained  at  home  until  twenty, 
gaining  a  good  education  from  the  common  schools  and 
from  Marysville  College.  Then  he  came  alone  to  Polk 
county,  Oregon,  purchased  land  and  settled  to  farming. 
He  remained  there  until  1890,  when  he  sold  out  and 
came  to  Colfax,  Washington,  and  selected  land  eight 
miles  north  from  that  town.  He  tilled  the  soil  in  a 
becoming  manner  there  for  a  decade  and  then  sold 
again  and  on  this  occasion  he  made  a  visit  to  his  home 
place  in  Tennessee,  renewing  old  acquaintances  and 
having  a  pleasant  time  with  his  aged  parents  and  the 
other  members  of  the  family.  But  the  pleasant  asso- 
ciations of  the  east  were  not  able  to  allure  one  whose 
spirit  had  tasted  the  freedom  and  stir  of  the  Occident, 
and  accordingly  we  see  Mr.  Clark  back  in  the  west 
and  soon  settled  in  Gifford,  the  date  being  October, 
1901.  He  opened  a  feed  stable,  which  he  has  been  im- 
proving, and  during  the  months  in  which  he  has  la- 
bored here  he  has  gained  a  good  trade  and  is  fast  be- 
coming'popular  with  the  people  of  his  section  and  the 
traveling  public  who  require  rigs.  He  is  known  as  a 
reliable  and  accommodating  man  and  one  who  exerts 
himself  for  the  safety  and  welfare  of  his  patrons. 

Mr.  Clark  has  three  brothers,  James  'R.,  a  farmer 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


363 


about  two  miles  northeast  from  Gifford;  Robert  and 
Thomas  E.,  both  living  with  the  parents  in  Tennessee. 
Also  Mr.  Clark  has  one  sister,  Mary,  who  resides  with 
her  parents.  Mr.  Clark  had  one  uncle  and  two  nephews 
in  the  Confederate  army,  while  his  father  was  a  strong 

W.,  at  Lookout.  Mr.  Clark  owns  his  own  property 
and  stables  here  and  is  one  of  the  thrifty  and  respected 


CHARLES  W.  LITTLE  was  born  in  Elgin,  Illi- 
nois, on  November  29,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Edward 
V.  and  Lannie  Ann  (Keach)  Little.  The  father  was 
a  cabinet  maker  and  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
and  the  mother  was  born  in  New  York.  Our  subject 
was  reared  in  his  native  place  and  received  a  common 
school  education.  He  came  to  the  coast  in  1882  and 
for  one  year  he  was  engaged  with  the  street  car 

in  fishing  for  salmon  on  the  Columbia  river.  After 
this  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  and 

1884  and  at  that  time  he  also  married  and  continued  to 
live  on  the  farm  until  1887.  In  that  year  he  removed 
to  Lincoln  county,  Washington,  and  there  took  a 
government  claim,  which  later  he  abandoned.  In  1892 
Mr.  Little  went  east  and  remained  two  years.  It  was 
1897  that  he  came  to  his  present  location  and  is  now 
farming  a  portion  of  the  land  of  Mr.  Butler,  his 
brother-in-law.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Little  there  have 
been  born  three  children,  Jessie  E.,  Minnie  E.  and 
Marion  W. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Little  are  members  of  the  Reor- 
ganized church  of  Latter  Day  Saints,  better  known  as 
Josephites.  This  organization  has  repudiated  some 
of  the  practices  of  the  body  from  which  they  split 
and  they  are  entirely  free  from  the  practice  of  poly- 
gamy as  sustained  by  Brigham  Young.  It  is  but 
right  to  say  that  this  reorganized  denomination  has 
so  far  cut  off  all  those  things  that  were  objectionable 
to  the  body  politic  of  the  country  that  they  stand  as 
one  of  the  evangelical  organizations  of  the  country. 
Mrs.  Little's  father  is  a  priest  in  this  church.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Little  are  respected  citizens  of  the  county 
and  are  esteemed  by  all  who  know  them. 


SETH  GIFFORD.  Not  only  has  the  subject  of 
this  article  taken  a  leading  and  influential  part  in  the 
affairs  of  the  county  of  Nez  Perces  since  he  has  been 
here,  but  in  his  career  formerly,  he  has  held  prom- 
inent positions  and  has  achieved  brilliant  success  in  the 
face  of  great  odds.  A  more  detailed  account  will  be 
interesting  reading  for  the  people  of  our  county  and 
accordingly  we  append  an  epitome  of  his  life. 

Seth  Gifford  was  born  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio,  on 
November  ^,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Burton  and  Re- 
becca (Worrall)  Gifford.  His  father  was  born  in  Ken- 
nebec,  Maine,  and  for  forty  years  sailed  the  ocean. 


Our  subject's  mother  was  born  in  Ohio,  being  de- 
scended from  Holland  Dutch  and  her  ancestors  were 
early  settlers  in  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Gifford's  paternal 
ancestors  were  English  Ouakers  and  the  sturdy  blood 
of  that  race  is  manifest  nTthe  life  of  our  subject.'  They 
were  among  the  earliest  settlers  at  Roxbury,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  the  family  is  known  there  to  this  day. 
Mr.  Gifford's  present  wife  was  formerly  Miss  Cann'ie 
Crewdson,  born  in  Iowa  in  1866,  her  parents  being 
William  W.  and  Eliza  Crewdson.  She  has  two  broth- 
ers, Ezekiel,  treasurer  of  Crook  county,  Wyoming,  and 
Monroe,  a  farmer  in  Iowa;  she  has  also  two  sisters, 
Carrie,  wife  of  John  Haney :  Eva,  wife  of  Israel  Lake. 
Mr.  Gifford  has  two  brothers  living,  John  ana  Charles  ; 
George  died  in  the  south  during  the  Civil  war ;  and 
six  sisters,  Harriet,  wife  of  Jesse  H.  Swart ;  Ann,  wife 
of  Thomas  Gray ;  Ruth,  wife  of  John  Malone ;  Martha, 
wife  of  James  Pierce ;  Maria,  wife  of  Joseph  \\  alker ; 
Eliza,  wife  of  Cass  S.  Swart.  By  a  former  marriage 
Mr.  Gifford  has  two  children,  Wilford  L.,  now  asses- 
sor and  tax  collector  of  Nez  Perces  county,  and  Len- 
na  M.,  who  is  now  assistant  superintendent  of  the  city 
hospital  at  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  This  former  wife  of  Mr. 
Gifford  used  to  be  Anna  Buckman.  From  the  pres- 
ent marriage  there  have  been  four  children,  Burton, 
Lora,  Lucy  and  Ruth. 

Mr.  Gifford  spent  his  boyhood  on  a  farm  in  Cedar 
county,  Iowa,  coming  there  when  four  years  of  age. 
At  twenty,  there  he  married  his  first  wife  and  settled  on 
a  farm  which  his  father  gave  him.  In  1864  he  enlisted 
in  Company  G,  Forty-seventh  Iowa,  under  Colonel 
Sanford,  being  most  of  the  time  at  Helena,  Arkansas. 
He  went  to  Dakota  in  1870,  taking  a  pre-emption  and 
then  came  back  to  Montgomery  county,  Iowa.  Later 
he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Audubon  county,  pur- 
chased a  farm  and  also  engaged  in  mercantile  labors 
for  one  year,  and  the  next  five  years  were  spent  in 
traveling  about  in  the  government  secret  service.  He 
came  as  far  west  as  the  Pacific  coast  and  did  com- 
mendable work  in  capturing  law  breakers.  In  1882 
he  was  engaged  in  the  Apache  Indian  war  as  a  scout 
and  had  many  narrow  escapes  and  much  thrilling  ex- 
perience In' 1885  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  repre- 
senting five  leading  companies  in  detective  work  as 
well  as  being  in  the  government  service.  In  1887 
he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Fall  River  county,  and  served 
six  years.  He  was  the  only  Republican  that  has  ever 
served  in  that  county.  In  1890,  under  the  state  law, 
it  was  his  duty  to  protect  the  interests  of  the  people, 
as  the  Sioux "  Indians  at  Pine  Ridge  and  Rosebud 
agency  were  on  the  war  path.  He  did  a  great  deal 
of  fighting  and  while  not  at  the  battle  of  Wounded 
Knee,  he  was  there  just  after  the  battle.  It  was  at 
a  time  of  great  trouble,  as  the  outlaws  of  the  world 
had  flocked  there:  but  soon  it  was  apparent  that  in 
Mr.  Gifford,  a  man  was  on  the  scene  who  was  a 
match  and  during  two  terms  he  was  instrumental  in 
sending  to  the  pen  nineteen  terrorizing  criminals. 
During  his  term  of  service  the  territory  was  made 
a  state  and  under  the  state  constitution  he  could  hold 
only  two  terms  or  doubtless  he  would  have  been  called 
to  still  conserve  the  interests  of  the  county  in  peace- 


364 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ful  government.  He  then  retired  to  his  stock  farm 
on  the  Cheyenne  river,  remaining  in  that  retreat,  tak- 
ing the  long  needed  rest  from  constant  strain  for 
years,  until  May,  1895,  when  he  went  to  Little  Bitter 
Root  Falls,  Montana,  with  teams,  taking  his  family 
and  there  settled  on  unsurveyed  land.  On  account  of 
the  exposure  of  his  family  to  hostile  Indians  who 
were  fighting  for  that  land,  he  vacated  and  came  to 
Nez  Perces  county  and  settled  on  land  that  now  ad- 
joins Gifford.  He  broke  twenty  acres  the  first  fall 
and  now  it  is  all  farmed  to  wheat.  He  bought  land 
where  the  town  stands,  and  was  instrumental  in 
starting  it.  He  owns  a  large  interest  in  the  site  and  is 
one  of  the  prominent  men  of  this  section.  Mr.  Gif- 
ford is  engaged  in  conducting  a  first  class  hotel, 
operating  a  general  merchandise  establishment  and 
is  postmaster  for  the  town.  In  all  these  relations  he 
has  manifested  great  ability,  excellent  wisdom  and 
integrity  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  patrons  of  the  of- 
fice and  to  the  enlargement  of  a  fine  business. 

He  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  from  1895  to 
1900  and  in  politics  he  has  always  been  active.  He  is 
a  Republican  and  has  not  scratched  the  ticket  for 
twenty-five  years.  For  two  years,  Mr.  Gifford  was 
in  charge  of  the  postoffice  and  the  stage  station  at 
Beeman.  He  has  a  brother  who  was  connected  with 
the  famous  Brown  in  operating  an  underground 
railroad  in  1859.  Mr.  Gifford  is  unsectarian  but  his 
wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr.  Gif- 
ford stands  well  among  the  people  of  this  section  and 
has  gained  a  prestige  that  is  deserving  and  enviable. 
He  has  many  friends  from  all  quarters  and  his  past 
services  in  the  interests  of  peace  and  good  government 
entitle  him  to  the  emoluments  that  are  now  his  to  en- 
joys. 


SAMUEL  PORTER.  Among  the  leading  stock- 
men and  -farmers  of  the  vicinity  ot  Peck  the  name  of 
our  subject  holds  a  prominent  position,  which  is  well 
merited  by  his  excellent  endeavors  and  personal  worth. 

Samuel  Porter  was  born  in  Northampton,  Massa- 
chusetts, on  September  8.  1867,  being  the  son  of  Will- 
iam J.  and  Ellen  (Foley)  Porter.  The  father  was  born 
in  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  in  1830.  and  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1846.  He  now  lives  in  Nez  Perces 
county  with  this  son.  He  was  county  supervisor  in 
Hancock  county,  Iowa.  The  paternal' grandfather  of 
Samuel  was  born  in  America.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  county  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1812,  and 
died  in  1897.  The  family  came  to  Mitchell  county, 
Iowa,  when  Samuel  was  two  years  old,  and  then  went 
to  Hancock  county,  where  they  remained  until  1893. 
There  Mr.  Porter  grew  to  manhood  and  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools.  He  wrought  with 
his  father  in  the  stock  business,  which  the  latter  was 
extensively  engaged  in.  During  this  time  he  traveled 
to  various  portions  of  the  country,  Florida,  all  over  the 
south  and  to  the  leading  markets.  In  1893  they  came 
to  Kendrick  and  bought  a  ranch,  which  the  father  owns 
now.  In  the  fall  of  1895  Mr.  Porter  came  to  his  pres- 
ent place,  about  one  mile  northeast  from  Peck,  and 


well  improved  and  produ 
ally.     Mr.  Porter  has 


there  took  land.     He  has  a  half  section  of  fine  land, 
f  good  returns  annu- 
fine seven-room  house,  a  ca-   1 

pacious  barn  and  all  improvements  needed.  He  raises 
cattle  extensively,  being  associated  with  his  father, 
as  he  has  always  been  since  boyhood. 

On  May  10,  1899,  Mr.  Porter  married  Miss  Isa- 
bella Holt,"  daughter  of  James  and  Mary  Holt.  The 
wedding  occurred  in  this'  county.  Mr.  Holt  is  a  stock- 
man and  farmer  in  this  county  and  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky, but  crossed  the  plains  in  a  very  early  day,  ha\* 
ing  been  one  of  the  sturdy  pioneers  who  opened  up 
California,  Oregon  and  Idaho;  and  was  married  at 
The  Dalles.  His  wife  was  born  on  the  Pacific  slope. 
Mrs.  Porter  was  born  near  Marengo,  Washington,  in 
1872.  She  has  five  brothers  and  eight  sisters.  Mr.  ! 
Porter  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters, 
John,  deceased  ;  Joseph  D.,  William,  Ella,  Cusic,  Mag- 
gie, deceased.  Our  subject  and  his  wife  are  devout 
members  of  the  Catholic  church.  In  political  matters 
Mr.  Porter  is  a  Democrat  and  sometimes  is  at  the  con- 
ventions. He  is  a  hearty  supporter  of  good  schools  and 
is  a  progressive  citizen.  Mr.  Porter  has  some  excellent 
Shorthorn  cattle  and  takes  great  interest  in  breeding 
fine  stock.  His  farm  is  well  supplied  with  water  from 
springs  which  he  has  piped  down,  and  his  estate  is  a 
place  of  value  and  displays  commendable  thrift. 


WILLIAM  S.  CLAYTON.  This  enterprising 
and  well  known  business  man  of  Gifford  is  one  of  the 
representative  citizens  and  public  minded  men  who 
have  built  the  town  of  Gifford  to  what  it  is  and  have 
the  energy  and  push  and  skill  to  make  of  it  a  prosper- 
ous and  influential  municipality.  It  is  very  fitting 
therefore  that  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county  should 
grant  space  for  the  life  of  Mr.  Clayton.  He  was  born 
in  Jackson  county,  Arkansas,  on  October  14,  1863, 
being  the  son  of  John  M.  and  Cynthia  (TJamron) 
Clayton.  The  father  was  a  Methodist  minister  and  a 
chaplain  in  the  Confederate  army  during  the  entire 
war.  His  wife's  brother,  John  Damron,  was  a  soldier 
in  the  conflict  on  the  southern  side.  The  father  still 
lives  on  the  old  homestead  at  Pea  Ridge,  where  our 
subject  was  reared.  The  place  is  the  spot  of  the  bat- 
tle and  made  famous  by  Sigel  and  others.  William 
S.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  in  Pea 
Ridge  Academy.  In  1884  he  came  to  Wyoming  and 
there  spent  three  years  herding  stock.  Then  two  years 
were  happily  passed  in  visiting  his  home  place  and  vi- 
cinity. After  that,  Mr.  Clayton  came  to  Klickitat 
county,  Washington,  and  learned  the  blacksmith  trade 
in  Centerville,  in  that  county.  He  wrought  there  and 
in  Sherman  county,  Oregon,  for  eight  years  and  in 
1899  came  to  Culdesac.  In  1900,  he  .came  to  Gifford 
and  started  a  blacksmith  shop.  G.  M.  Lindsay  started 
a  general  merchandise  establishment  at  about  the 
same  time  and  this  was  the  nucleus  of  the  town.  In 
June,  1901,  Mr.  Clayton  started  a  small  hardware 
store  in  connection  with  his  blacksmith  shop  and  as 
business  increased  he  erected  a  building  especially  for 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


365 


it  and  put  in  a  good  stock.  He  went  into  partnership 
with  his  brother,  George  D.  Clayton,  and  by  fair  treat- 
ment of  customers,  and  good  business  methods,  they 
have  built  up  a  good  business,  have  cleared  the  house 
from  all  indebtedness  and  are  rapidly  building  them- 
selves up  as  prosperous  and  substantial  merchants. 

In  1898  Mr.  Clayton  married  Miss  Ella  E., 
daughter  of  Anthony  and  Maggie  (Bishop)  Tozier. 
She  was  born  in  Kansas,  on  June  8,  1874,  and  has  two 
brothers,  James  and  Robert.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clayton 
have  one  child,  Lloyd  Alvin.  Mr.  Clayton  has  three 
brothers,  George  D.,  John  M.,  and  Walter  P. ;  he  has 
also  five  sisters,  Mary  C.,  wife  of  Dr.  T.  A.  Coffelt; 
Annie  L.,  wife  of  Charles  B.  Lewis;  Fanny  L.,  wife 
of  Lemuel  Keith ;  Hattie  J.  and  Nellie.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Clayton  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  and  are 
highly  respected  people.  Mr.  Clayton  came  to  this 
country  not  possessed  of  great  capital  and  his  ability 
and  enterprise  with  his  genial  way  and  skill  have  placed 
him  in  the  front  ranks  of  business  men  of  this  section. 


ENOCH  S.  REEVES.  A  worthy  member  of  the 
large  class  of  farmers  and  stockmen  who  have  builded 
Nez  Perces  county,  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are 
enabled  to  grant  to  the  .subject  of  this  article  a  con- 
sideration in  the  history  of  his  county.  Enoch  S. 
Reeves  was  born  in  Wobdson  county,  Kansas,  on  De- 
cember II,  1868,  being  the  son  of  Newton  and  Matilda 
(Gordy)  Reeves.  The  father  was  born  in  Iowa  in 
1843  and  died  in  1879,  having  been  a  pioneer  in  Kan- 
sas. His  wife  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1849,  and  she 
still  lives  near  Palouse,  in  Idaho.  Her  father  was  a 
pioneer  in  Kansas  and  her  two  brothers  fought  for 
the  flag  during  the  Civil  war.  Enoch  grew  up  on  a 
farm  and  gained  an  education  by  studying  during  the 
winters.  He  was  but  twelve  when  the  father  died  and 
being  the  eldest  boy,  he  had  the  burden  to  carry,  which 
early  gave  him  to  know  the  hardships  of  life'and  the 
responsibilities  of  providing  for  dependent  ones.  In 
1883  they  sold  out  in  Kansas  and  migrated  to  Palouse, 
where  the  mother  bought  a  farm  and  he  managed  it 
until  1890.  In  that  year  he  bought  a  farm  for  him- 
self and,  in  addition  to  general  farming,  he  devoted 
himself  to  raising  hogs,  which  was  the  means  of  tid- 
ing him  over  the  awful  panic  from  1893-6.  He  still 
owns  the  farm,  which  is  a  great  proof  of  his  ability 
and  wisdom,  for  the  most  able  of  the  farmers  were 
called  upon  to  give  up  their  possessions. 

In  1899  Mr.  Reeves  came  to  the  reservation  and 
settled  on  his  present  place  adjoining  Peck  on  the 
east.  Here  he  has  devoted  himself  to  raising  fruit 
and  general  farming;  he  has  excellent  buildings  and 
his  place  is  one  of  the  neat  and  comfortable  ones  of 
the  county. 

On  December  24,  1891,  Mr.  Reeves  married  Miss 
Laura  B.,  daughter  of  George  H.  and  Itha  J.  (Gaut) 
Sawyer.  Mr.  Sawyer  was  born  in  Oregon  in  1847 
and  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  and  stock- 
men of  Latah  county.  His  wife  was  also  born  in 
Oregon,  the  date  being  October  14,  1852,  and  her 


parents  settled  in  that  state  in  1845.  Mrs.  Reeves 
was  born  in  Oregon,  on  June  17,  1872.  She  was  edu- 
cated at  Philomath  College  and  has  two  brothers.  El- 
mer, deceased;  Charles,  at  home  near  Palouse.  Mr. 
Reeves  has  two  sisters  and  one  brother,— Bell  Ander- 
son, near  Palouse;  Anna  Rudd,  deceased;  Orletus, 
in  Latah  county.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Reeves  there  have 
been  born  four  children,  Milly,  Pearl,  Rubena  and 
Enoch  L.  In  national  politics  Mr.  Reeves  is  a  Repub- 

lects  the  man  from  the  intrinsic  worth  of  the  candi- 
dates. Mr.  Reeves  has  spent  his  odd  moments  in 
perfecting  himself  in  the  taxidermist's  art  and  had 
some  fine  specimens  on  exhibition  at  the  fairs  in  Lew- 
iston  and  Peck. 


CASSIUS  M.  COLE.  At  the  present  time  Mr. 
Cole  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  well-to-do  citizens 
of  Nez  Perces  county.  His  family  home  is  situated 
on  his  estate  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  about 
three  miles  north  from.  Culdesac.  He  has  a  fine  farm, 
is  getting  it  well  improved  and  is  raising  stock  in  ad- 
dition to  a  general  farming  business  and  fruit  cul- 
ture. He  has  between  one  and  two  acres  of  fine 
strawberries,  owns  some  excellent  specimens  of  Po- 
land China  hogs,  has  a  good  Percheron  stallion  and  is 
beginning  to  launch  out  in  stock  more  extensively. 
His  buildings  consist  of  comfortable  house  and  out- 
buildings, the  former  being  situated  in  a  naturally 
sheltered  spot  and  when  Mr.  Cole  gets  his  plans  car- 
ried out  and  his  estate  improved  he  will  have  one  of 
the  best  rural  abodes  in  the  county. 

Cassius  M.  Cole  was  born  in  Knoxville,  Knox 
county,  Illinois,  on  March  17,  1852,  being  the  son  of 
Asa  V.  and  Lucy  (Doty)  Cole.  They  were  farmers 
and  in  1856  the  family  went  to  Santa  Clara  county, 
California.  There  our  subject  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  and  in  Gates  Business  Col- 
lege in  San  Jose.  When  twenty  he  started  in  the  re- 
tail liquor  buiness  in  Tulare  county  and  five  years 
were  spent  there.  He  also  continued  in  other  places 
in  the  state  and  at  the  time  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  ex- 
citement, he  took  in  the  first  sawmill  and  also  a  stock 
of  general  merchandise  to  that  section  and  thirteen 
years  were  spent  in  industrial  efforts  there.  He  built 
the  first  sawmill  on  Eagle  creek,  built  the  first  jail  in 
Shoshone  county,  Pierce  City  being  the  county  seat. 
Next  we  see  him  in  Palouse  where  he  loaned  money 
for  eight  years  and  then  repaired  to  Harrison  and 
built  the  Hotel  Harrison,  which  he  operated  for  two 
years.  A  time  was  spent  in  Portland  and  later  we 
see  him  in  Astoria,  but  on  account  of  the  fishermen's 
strike  there  which  stagnated  business  he  moved  to 
Lewiston  and  did  business  for  five  years.  Later  he 
settled  on  his  present  land  and  is  now  turning  his 
attention  to  the  industrial  life  again. 

Mr.  Cole  married  Miss  Emma  Fairbank.  a  native 
of  Iowa,  in  1886,  and  to  them  have  been  born  five 
children,  Clarence,  Herbert,  May,  Edith,  and  Cas- 
sius Dell.  May  is  the  wife  of  Frank  Lehmicke  in 
Kendrick.  Mrs.  Cole  has  the  following  brothers  and 


366 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


sisters :  Robert,  Thomas,  James,  Minnie,  wife  of  Mr. 
Morris;  Grace,  wife  of  Ward  Allen;  Jane,  wife  of 
Henry  Erickson,  a  photographer  in  Moscow;  Eva, 
wife  of  Mr.  Turnbow.  Mrs.  Cole's  father  was  a 
veteran  of  the  Mexican  war,  and  is  now  deceased. 
Mr.  Cole  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  R.  M.,  at  Lewiston, 
Idaho.  In  political  matters  he  is  a  Democrat  and  was 
deputy  sheriff  under  John  Costillo,  in  Kootenai  coun- 
ty in  1894.  At  the  same  time  he  was  deputy  United 
States  marshal  under  Joe  Pinkham.  He  was  nomi- 
nated by  acclamation  for  delegate  to  the  legislature 
in  1894,  but  resigned  in  favor  of  Judge  Hogan  of 
Kootenai  county.  Mr.  Cole  has  always  taken  an  ac- 
tive part  in  political  matters  and  is  a  leader  in  his 
party,  yet  has  never  pressed  himself  for  preferment, 
being  willing  to  give  the  offices  to  others.  Mr.  Cole 
"has  also  been  active  in  prospecting  in  different  sec- 
tions and  is  now  interested  with  W.  Kittenbaugh,  of 
the  Lewiston  National  Bank,  in  some  promising  pro- 
perties. He  is  skilled  in  minerals  and  in  prospecting 
a?  well  as  in  the  methods  of  the  developing  of  pro- 
perties and  Mr.  Cole  is  one  of  the  leaders  in  push- 
ing forward  this  important  industry. 


LAWSON  W.  WARLICK.  In  the  persons  ot 
this  gentleman  and  his  estimable  wife  we  have  the 
exemplification  of  the  true  spirit  of  the  pioneer  and 
a  demonstration  of  genuine  stability  and  courage, 
for  they  came  to  the  reservation  country  carrying  a 
rake  and  a  hoe  and  making  the  trip  on  "foot.  Their 
fine  ranch  is  situated  about  one  mile  northeast  from 
Peck  and  is  embellished  with  substantial  improve- 
ments and  bears  annually  abundant  crops  of  all  the 
cereals,  including  corn,  the  place  being  one  of  a  half 
a  dozen  on  the  reservation  that  will  produce  that  fine 
grain.  Mr.  Warlick  has  shown  commendable  pluck 
and  skill  and  has  now  the  reward  of  his  labors  in  this 
goodly  home  and  estate. 

Lawson  W.  Warlick  was  born  in  Calhoun  coun- 
ty, Alabama,  on  May  5,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Law- 
son  and  Polly  (McGinnis)  Warlick,  natives  of  North 
Carolina.  The  father  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1826,  was  impressed  by  General  Lee  into  Confederate 
service  although  a  strong  Republican.  He  died  in 
1873.  The  mother  was  born  in  1827  and  died  in 
1862,  being  of  Scotch  extraction.  When  Lawson 
was  two  years  old  his  parents  removed  to  Dallas, 
Gastpn  county,  North  Carolina,  that  being  the  old 
home  place  of  the  father.  There  he  grew  to  man- 
hood and  received  his  education.  Later  he  learned 
the  art  of  the  engineer  and  also  the  business  of  operat- 
ing a  planing  mill.  When  seventeen  he  went  to 
western  Kansas  and  wrought  in  the  round  house  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  at  Wallace.  Then  he  fired  some 
time  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  took  his  first 
orders  on  the  Denver,  Texas  "&  Fort  Worth.  When 
twenty-six  he  returned  to  North  Carolina  and  re- 
mained two  years.  On  April  16,  1889,  Mr.  Warlick 
came  to  Lagrange,  Oregon,  and  thence  to  Long  val- 
ley, Idaho,  where  he  took  a  piece  of  government  land. 


Proving  up  on  it  in  two  years,  he  returned  to  Lagrange 
and  labored  in  the  sawmills  for  six  years.  It  was  1898 
that  he  came  to  the  reservation  country  and  settled  on 
his  present  place.  Fifty  dollars  was  the  sum  of  the 
earthly  possessions,  with  the  rake  and  hoe  mentioned 
above,  of  Mr.  Warlick  and  his  wife  when  they  footed 
it  to  their  land.  They  are  now  well-to-do. 

On  October  9,  1887,  Mr.  Warlick  married  Miss 
Lanie,  daughter  of  John'and  Barbara  (Kiser)  Smith, 
the  wedding  occurring  in  North  Carolina.  Mr.  Smith 
was  born  in  North  Carolina  and  his  ancestors  for 
generations  back  were  pioneers  and  land  owners 
there.  Mrs.  Smith  was  also  born  there  and  came 
from  an  honorable  pioneer  family.  Her  father  was 
impressed  in  the  Confederate  army  although  he  was  a 
stanch  Republican.  Mrs.  Warlick  was  born  on  Janu- 
ary 13,  1872,  and  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters :  Maggie,  Thomas,  Luther,  Lizzie,  Charles. 
Mr.  Warlick  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Rubertus,  Abraham,  Mary  C.,  deceased,  and  one  half- 
sister,  Martha  Candis.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Warlick,  Bessie.  Mr.  Warlick  formerly 
belonged  to  the  Firemen's  Brotherhood.  He  is  a 
stanch  Republican  and  votes  the  ticket  straight  and 
is  a  zealous  supporter  of  Republican  principles.  He 
is  a  zealous  worker  for  good  roads  and  schools  and 
does  much  labor  for  these  worthy  ends. 


CHARLES  R.  TIEDE..  An  old  adage  says  that 
where  there  is  a  will  there  is  a  way,  and  it  seems  that 
this  was  fully  exemplified  in  the  life  of  our  subject  in 
his  struggles  to  get  to  the  reservation  country.  He 
was  working  on  a  squater's  right  at  Gray's  harbor 
and  was  practically  without  means  and  when  he  saw 
that  this  land  was  not  to  come  into  market  for  some 
time,  he  determined  to  see  the  reservation,  and  accord- 
ingly he  and  his  father  set  out  on  foot  to  make  the 
journey  from  that  place  to  Nez  Perces  county.  He 
sold  a  horse  to  gain  money  enough  for  the  necessaries 
of  the  journey  and  they  started.  While  crossing  the 
Cascades  they  were  lost  and  wandered  four  days  with- 
out food.  One  month  was  consumed  before  they  saw 
the  land  they  sought  and  then  on  June  20,  1896,  he 
filed  on  his  present  place,  three  miles  southeast  from 
Gifford.  Since  that  time,  Mr.  Tiede  has  given  him- 
self to  improvement  and  tilling-  his  ranch  and  he  is 
now  possessed  of  a  good  holding  in  worldly  goods. 
His  ranch  is  valuable  and  well  improved  and  he  has 
made  a  commendable  showing. 

Charles  R.  Tiede  was  born  in  Jefferson  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  March  II,  1873,  being  the  son  of  Her- 
man L.  and  Louisa  (Youst)  Tiede.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  northern  Germany  and  came  to  the  United 
States  when  he  was  twenty.  Charles  was  the  young- 
est of  seven  children  and  his  mother  died  when  he 
was  a  child.  In  1878  he  went  with  his  father  to 
Hamilton  county,  Nebraska,  and  in  1885  they  re- 
moved to  Sewafd  county,  the  same  state.  There  the 
father  owned  and  operated  a  grist  mill  for  five  years. 
On  October  i,  1889,  our  subject  came  to  Portland  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


3&7 


labored  as  a  longshoreman  for  a  time,  then  went  to 
Grays  harbor  and  engaged  to  run  a  planer,  also  set- 
tling on  a  piece  of  land.  Later,  he  heard  of  the  res- 
ervation country  and  came  hither  as  we  have  de- 
scribed. 

On  March  19,  1901,  Mr.  Tiede  married  Mrs.  Mary 
Herider,  daughter  of  John  and  Marguerette  Gertje, 
natives  of  Germany.  They  migrated  to  Minnesota 
where  Mrs.  Tiede  was  born  and  they  now  live  in  the 
Potlatch  country.  Mrs.  Tiede  had  one  child  by  her 
former  marriage,  John  Herider,  born  May  23,  1897. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tiede  there  has  been  born  one 
child,  Louisa. 


GEORGE  A.  ROBERTS  is  entrusted  with  the 
responsibilities  and  intricacies  of  the  postoffice  at  Cul- 
desac,  while  he  also  oversees  his  farm,  which  lies  two 
and  one-half  miles  northeast  from  the  town.  He  is  a 
man  of  uprightness  and  integrity  and  stands  well  in 
the  community,  has  had  considerable  experience  in  this 
western  country  and  has  wrought  with  a  strong  hand 
and  manifestation  of  sagacity  in  the  development  of 
the  resources  of  the  country. 

George  A.  Roberts  was.  born  in  Mercer  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  September  17,  1861,  being  the  son  of 
Joseph  and  Sarah  (Unangst)  Roberts.  The  father 
was  a  carpenter,  born  in  Ohio,  in  1833,  a  pioneer  to 
Iowa,  and  now  lives  in  Missouri.  His  father  was 
born  in  Vermont.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1839  and  still  lives.  Her 
parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  also.  When 
George  was  three  years  old  the  family  came  to  Jack- 
son county,  Iowa,  and  there  he  grew  to  young  man- 
hood. He  attended  the  schools  of  his  native  place, 
and  worked  between  times.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he 
decided  to  try  the  issues  of  fortune  for  himself  and  so 
came  west  to  Idaho,  Oregon,  and  Washington.  For 
fifteen  months  he  resided  in  the  Willamette  valley 
and  then  came  to  Walla  Walla.  He  married  there 
and  went  to  Whitman  county,  taking  a  preemption  and 
limber  culture.'  He  did  we'll,  then  sold  out  and  rail- 
roaded for  a  couple  of  years,  after  which  he  repaired 
to  Lincoln  county  and  raised  stock  until  the  Nez 
Perce  reservation  opened  up.  It  was  in  1896  that 
he  took  his  present  place  which  he  improved  in  good 
i-hape.  He  has  fine  orchard,  buildings,  and  so  forth. 
In  1901  he  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Culdesac 
and  he  has  discharged  the  duties  incumbent  upon  him 

self  and  the  community. 

On  September  4,  1884,  Mr.  Roberts  married  Miss 
Mattie,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (Spear)  Learn- 
ing. The  father  of  Mrs.  Roberts  is  a  stockman,  born 
in  Indiana,  in  1822.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio 
in  1836  and  died  in  1895.  Mrs.  Roberts  was  born 
in  Thayer  county,  Nebraska,  in  1863,  being  the  first 
white  child  born  'in  the  county.  She  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Carrie  Hamlin,  in  Culdesac: 
Frances  Logsdon,  at  Endicott,  Washington  :  Wesley, 
in  the  Colville  reservation,  Washington.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Roberts  have  been  born  three  children,  Montie, 


deceased;  Blanche,  and  Evertie.  Mr.  Roberts  has 
brothers  and  sisters  named  as  follows:  Park,  Minnie 
Latshaw,  Minor,  Earl,  and  Bertrand.  Mr.  Roberts 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  while  his  wife  is  a 
member 'of  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  political  mat- 
ters he  is  allied  with  the  Republicans  and  takes  an 
active  hand  in  this  realm,  always  attending  the  con- 
ventions and  primaries.  He  labors  incessantly  for 
good  schools  and  is  clerk  of  the  board  at  the  present 


AUSTIN  D.  GREGORY  is  manager  of  the 
largest  warehouses  in  Culdesac,  and  they  are  owned 
by  the  Vollmer-Clearwater  Company,  and  do  the  most 
extensive  business  in  the  county. 

Mr.  Gregory  was  born  in  Monroe,  Michigan,  on 
January  17,  1872,  being  the  son  of  John  S.  and  Eliza- 
beth Mary  (White)  Gregory.  The  father  was  an 
attorney  for  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  for  many  years 
and  now  lives  in  Galveston,  Texas.  Austin  D.  was 

ton  in  1896.  He  was  engaged  by  the  Clearwater  Grain 
Company  and  soon  had  charge  of  a  warehouse  at 
Spalding  and  later  assumed  his  present  position. 


GEORGE  M.  HENDERSON.  A  leading  and 
successful  business  man  in  Culdesac,  a  man  of  excel- 
lent capabilities,  and  withal  a  pioneer  of  the  west  and 
one  who  has  wrought  with  faithfulness  in  many  places 
and  avocations,  the  subject  of  this  article  is  eminently 
fitted  for  representation  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

George  M,  Henderson  was  born  in  Appanoose 
county,  Iowa,  on  August  10,  18^7,  being  the  son  of 
John 'A.  and  Matilda  J.  (York)  Henderson.  The 
mother  died  in  1863.  Our  subject  remained  on  the 
farm  until  eighteen  years  old,  having  been  educated  in 
the  public  schools.  He  then  learned  the  trade  of  the 
engineer  and  several  years  later  came  across  the  plains 
with  his  father  and  brother.  They  wintered  in  Boise 
valley  where  their  cattle  died  and  they  traded  one  cart 
for  a  sack  of  flour.  In  the  spring  they  went  to 
Idaho  City  and  there  the  father  did  well  on  the  pur- 
chase of  some  mining  property.  A  few  years  later 
they  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  there  the  father  was 
sick  for  some  time.  He  made  several  trips  to  the 
cast  and  on  July  28,  1897,  he  died.  Our  subject  fol- 
lowed engineering  in  Walla  Walla  and  later  bought  a 
farm  near  Dayton.  He  sold  a  couple  of  years  later 


and  was  deputy  sheriff  under  J.  H.  Hosier.  When  the 
Nez  Perces  war  broke  out  he  participated  in  quelling 
the  savages.  After  that  he  went  to  Whitman  county 
and  remained  there  until  1900,  when  he  came  to 
Chrkston,  Washington,  and  for  one  year  operated  a  bus 
and  feed  stable.  Then  in  July,  '1901.  he  came  to 
Culdesac,  opened  a  furniture  store,  where  we  find  him 
at  the  present  time  doing  a  good  business. 

Mr.    Henderson   married    Miss    Mattie    E.    Benge, 
who   was   born    in   Davis    county,    Iowa,   on   January 


368 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


14,  1859-  Her  parents  were  Dr.  Louis  W.  and 
Cynthia  Ann  (Sheffer)  Benge.  The  family  came  to  the 
Walla  Walla  valley  in  September,  1862,  settling  on 
the  Oregon  side.  The  father  operated  a  farm  and 
practiced  medicine  and  was  county  commissioner 
several  terms.  There  were  three  boys  and  three  girls 
in  the  family  besides  Mrs.  Henderson.  Mr.  Hender- 
son is  a  Democrat  and  active  in  political  matters.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.,  Camp  No.  230  of  Johnson, 
Washington,  while  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Ladies 
Circle  of  this  order,  at  the  same  place.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Henderson  have  born  three  children:  Eva  L., 
Charles  B.  and  Claude  R. 


HAZEN  SQUIER.  This  well  known  business 
man  and  representative  pioneer  of  the  county  of  Nez 
Perces,  as  also  of  other  sections  of  the  west,  is  among 
the  leading  and  prominent  men  of  our  country  and 
although  formerly  one  of  the  most  active  business  men 
of  Lewiston,  is  now  retired  from  the  arena  and  is  enjoy- 
ing the  competence  which  his  industry  has  accumu- 
lated. Mr.  Squier  was  born  in  Weathersfield,  Vermont, 
on  May  9,  1835,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Louisa  A. 
(Kendall)  Squier.  The  father  was  a  marble  worker 
and  engraver,  born  in  Vermont,  on  March  18,  1807, 
being  of  English  extraction.  He  died  on  May  15,  1885. 
The  mother  was  born  January  31,  1811,  and  died  July 
5,  1890,  in  Vermont.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  re- 
ceived a  good  common  school  and  seminary  education 
and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  was  employed  as  clerk  in  a 
country  store  in  Vermont.  Two  years  later,  led  by  an 
adventurous  spirit  to  the  west,  he  went  to  St.  Clair, 
Michigan,  and  thence  to  Lexington,  clerking  two  years 
in  each  place.  It  was  1858  when  he  determined  to  try 
San  Francisco,  and  came  there  via  Panama.  He  went 
thence  to  Oroville,  Butte  county,  and  engaged  in  placer 
mining  for  two  years.  Failing  of  success  in  that 
venture,  he  then  came,  in  1862,  overland  to  Portland, 
and  in  July  enlisted  in  the  Washington  Territory  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  understanding  the  regiment  was  to 
go  east.  He  was  taken  to  Vancouver  instead,  and 
was  detailed  as  clerk  in  the  quartermaster's  depart- 
ment. In  December,  the  company  was  ordered  to  The 
Dalles,  to  relieve  Company  A,  of  the  Ninth  Infantry, 
which  was  sent  east.  Mr.  Squier  remained  in  the 
quartermaster's  department  until  his  term  of  service 
expired  in  July,  1865.  He  had  charge  of  the  quarter- 

of  service  and  after  his  discharge  he  was  appointed 
quartermaster's  clerk  at  The  Dalles.  In  November, 
1865,  he  was  sent  to  Fort  Lapwai,  Idaho,  where  he 
remained  until  the  abandonment  of  that  post.  He 
then  came  to  Lewiston,  traveled  some,  and  in  1869 
settled  here  permanently.  He  was  appointed  United 
States  district  clerk  for  the  first  judicial  district  of 
Idaho  territory,  in  May,  1871,  under  the  territorial 
government,  and  for  sixteen  years,  or  until  1887,  he 
served  in  that  capacity.  He  was  one  year  in  the 
United  States  land  office,  was  county  treasurer  for 
two  years  and  has  held  various  municipal  offices. 


During  the  Indian  war  in  1877,  he  was  quartermaster's 
clerk  for  the  depot  at  Lewiston.  Since  that  time  Mr. 
Squier  has  been  in  various  lines  of  business  until  1896, 
when  he  had  a  partial  stroke  of  paralysis  and  then  he 
retired  from  active  business.  He  owns  considerable 
city  property,  one  business  house,  and  ranches  in  va- 
rious quarters. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Squier  and  Louise  Beck  was 
solemnized  in  Lewiston, •'  in  November,  1876.  Mr. 
Squier  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows :  Delos  K., 
in  Newark,  New  Jersey;  Frances  L.,  deceased;  Stella 
A.,  Wife  of  Albert  M.  Whitelow,  living  in  Vermont. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Squier  have  become  the  parents  of  two 
children,  Leslie  E..  attending  the  dental  department  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania ;  Elton  K.,  in  Lewiston. 
Mr.  Squier  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  and  the  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  blue  lodge  and  chapter, 
having  been  allied  with  the  latter  order  since  1868. 
Politically,  he  is  a  Republican.  Mr.  Squire  is  an  affa- 
ble and  genial  gentleman,  has  seen  much  of  the  fron- 
tier life  and  has  done  much  for  the  advam 
upbuilding  of  this  county. 


WILLIAM  THATCHER.  In  the  town  of 
Culdesac,  this  enterprising  business  man  conducts  a 
well  kept  and  thrifty  meat  market  and  he  is  doing  a 
good  business,  while  he  ever  manifests  those  capa- 
bilities of  success  and  industry  that  are  commendable. 

William  Thatcher  was  born  in  Adams  county, 
Ohio,  on  October  4,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Samuel 
and  Martha  (Wilmoth)  Thatcher.  William  grew  up 
on  a  farm  and  was  educted  in  the  public  schools. 
When  eighteen  he  went  to  Montana  and  for  nine  years 
he  was  engaged  in  various  occupations  there.  Three 
of  those  years  were  spent  in  the  regular  army  and  he 
had  the  rank  of  corporal  and  also  sergeant.  Following 
this  he  came  to  Harrison,  Idaho,  and  for  eighteen 
months  wrought  there  and  then  numbered  himself 
with  the  citizens  of  Culdesac.  In  November,  1901, 
he  opened  a  meat  market  here  and  since  that  time 
he  has  been  doing  a  good  business.  He  displays  good 
business  ability,  is  a  genial  companion,  a  loyal  friend, 
a  patriotic  and  substantial  citizen,  and  withal  a  well 
respected  man  and  of  excellent  standing.  Politically 
Mr.  Thatcher  is  allied  with  the  Republicans  and  takes 
an  intelligent  interest  in  this  realm.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  65;  also  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  Spalding  Camp,  of  Culdesac.  Mr-  Thatcher 
is  also  an  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Sons  of 
Veterans,  Buena  Vista  Camp,  No.  69,  of  Buena  Vista, 
Ohio,  and  in  this  order  he  has  held  every  office  except 
captain.  The  father  of  our  subject  is  a  prominent 
G.  A.  R.  man  and  has  an  exceptionally  brilliant  war 
record,  having  served  throughout  the  entire  conflict 
with  great  credit  and  manifestation  of  bravery  and 
courage.  He  was  a  sergeant  in  the  Seventieth  Ohio 
Volunteers,  Company  C,  under  Captain  R.  F.  Hughes. 
Thomas  Brown,  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Thatcher,  also  served 
in  the  Civil  war. 

In    1892   Mr.   Thatcher   married   Miss   Mamie   E. 


HA  ZEN  SQUIER. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


369 


Phillips,  who  was  born  in  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  on 
June  7,  1874.  They  have  one  son,  William  Warren 
Thatcher,  who  was  'born  on  April  26,  1894,  in  Miles 
City,  Montana. 


WILLIAM  H.  SIMMONS  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial and  respected  citizens  of  Central  ridge,  a  man  of 
uprightness  and  governed  by  sound  principles,  thor- 
oughly alive  to  the  welfare  of  the  community  and  an 
enterprising  and  industrious  agriculturist.  He  was 
born  in  Randolph  county,  Indiana,  on  January  31,  1861, 
his  parents  being  John  and  Martha  (Woodin)  Sim- 
mons. At  the  age  of  seven,  he  went  with  his  parents 
to  Douglas  county,  Kansas,  and  there  grew  up  and  re- 
ceived his  education.  His  mother  died  in  1873,  but 
the  father  lives  still  in  Douglas  county.  In  1891  Mr. 
Simmons  came  to  Moscow,  and  there  engaged  for 
wages  in  farm  work.  At  the  opening  of  the  reservation 
for  settlement,  on  November  18,  1895,  he  was  among 
the  first  to  locate  and  so  secured  a  choice  piece  of  land. 
It  is  situated  about  .twelve  miles  southeast  from  Peck 
and  is  a  model  farm  in  every  respect  of  care  and  hus- 
bandry. Mr.  Simmons  has  comfortable  buildings  and 
has  made  his  farm  to  produce  abundantly.  One  can- 
not realize  fully  the  hardships,  the  deprivations  and 
arduousness  of  the  pioneer's  labors,  until  on  the  ground 
for  himself.  But  we  may  say  that  Mr.  Simmons  has 
endured  his  share  and  also  has  done  his  full  part  in 
the  improvement  and  advancement  of  the  country.  He 
has  taken  hold  with  willing  hands,  shows  wise  plans 
and  has  accomplished  results  worthy  of  his  efforts  and 
commendable  in  every  respect.  Mr.  Simmons  is  a  de- 
vout and  zealous  member  of  the  United  Brethren 
church  and  is  steward  of  the  organization  on  Central 
ridge.  His  standing  with  the  people  of  the  community- 
is  of  the  best  and  he  is  one  of  the  foremost  and  leading 
citizens.  Mr.  Simmons  is  also  still  a  participator  of  the 
quiet  joys  of  the  celibatarian. 


THEODORE  CURRY.  The  record  of  Mr. 
Curry  from  the  time  he  landed  in  the  reservation 
country  until  the  present  is  like  a  tale  of  fairyland, 
looking  at  it  from  the  point  of  the  observer.  He  landed 
here  in  the  spring  of  1896,  with  a  couple  of  poor 
horses,  and  a  wagon,  seven  sacks  of  flour  and  nothing 
else,  not  even  a  penny ;  and  to-day  he  is  proprietor  of 
a  fine  quarter,  all  paid  for,  all  the  tools  necessary  for 


was  born  in  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  in  1846  and  came  to 
the  United  States  with  her  parents  when  she  was 
eight.  Our  subject  went  to  Kansas  with  his  parents 
when  he  was  five  and  settlement  was  made  in  Coffey 
county,  where  they  farmed  for  nine  years  and  did  well. 
Then  a  move  was  made  to  Leadville,  Colorado,  where 
the  father  freighted  and  when  Theodore  had  finished 
his  education  he  went  to  work  in  the  mines  and  con- 
tinued for  four  years.  On  October  18,  1890,  he  came 
to  Spokane  and  worked  one  year  and  then  went  to 
Stevens  county  and  farmed  and  later  we  see  him 
mining  in  the  Kootenai  country.  In  the  early  spring 
of  1896  he  came  with  his  brother  William  and  each 
took  land  as  mentioned  above. 

In  November,  1898,  Mr.  Curry  married  Jennie 
M.,  daughter  of  James  and  Aggeness  (Noltia)  Walker, 
natives  of  Ashland  county,  Ohio,  and  Scotland,  re- 
spectively. Mrs.  Curry  was  born  in  Ashland  county 
in  1878,  and  she  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters :  Agnes,  Edith,  Grace,  Florence,  Len, 
Everett,  all  in  Washington.  Mr.  Curry  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters:  Mary  A.  Scow,  in  Nez 
Perces  county ;  Maggie  A.  Marion,  of  Boise ;  William, 
Elise,  Matthew  and  Earl,  all  in  this  county.  Three 
children  have  come  to  bless  and  gladden  the  home  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Curry,  Ray,  Hughue,  and  an  infant  un- 
named. The  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  Mr.  Curry  is  a  man  of  independence  in 
politics.  In  educational  matters  he  is  greatly  interest- 
ed for  improvement  and  that  the  country  should  be 
provided  with  the  best  schools. 


WILLIAM  BRAMMER.  It  is  seldom,  indeed, 
that  one  has  the  pleasure  of  chronicling  the  events  in 
the  life  of  one  who  fought  in  the  recent  struggle  for 
the  freedom  of  the  Boers.  Such  is  the  case,  however, 
with  the  gentlemen  whose  life's  career  we  now  assay 
to  outline. 

William  Brammer  was  born  in  Germany,  on  Decem- 
ber 16,  1864,  being  the  son  of  William'  and  Sophia 
(Hiestermann)  Brammer.  The  father  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1840,  acted  as  forester  there  for  a  nobleman 
until  1892,  when  he  came  to  this  country.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  also  born  in  Germany,  the  date  being 
1841,  and  died  in  1899.  William  was' educated  in  his 
native  place,  and  when  nineteen  he  determined  to  go 
to  south  Africa.  His  cousin  was  to  accompany  him, 
but  at  the  last  moment  he  backed  out  and  our  subject 


good  improvements  on  the  farm,  and  harvested  about 
twenty-five  hundred  bushels  of  grain  this  year.  This 
is  a  fine  record  and  we  cannot  credit  it  all  to  the  fertile 
country,  for  we  observe  the  enterprise,  the  keen  fore- 
sight, careful  management  and  energy  of  our  subject 
and  that  accounts  for  the  success. 

Theodore  Curry  was  born  in  Ashland  county, 
Ohio,  on  November  18,  1866,  being  the  son  of 
Matthew  and  Elise  E.  (Walker)  Curry.  The  father 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1825,  went  to  Kansas  in 
1872,  where  he  still  lives.  The  mother  of  our  subject 


through  and  so  as  a  British  immigrant  he  went  to  the 
colony  and  wrought  as  a  stock  raiser.  At  the  opening 
of  the  gold  fields,  he  imbibed  the  fever  and  continued 
to  search  for  the  treasures  of  the  soil  from  1885  until 
1893,  when  a  different  fever  seized  him.  the  malarial 
fever,  and  he  was  obliged  to  seek  a  higher  altitude. 
He  learned  the  bricklayer's  trade  in  the  Transvaal  and 
worked  at  it  from  1895  to  1899,  at  Standerton :  when 
the  war  broke  out  he  at  once  took  up  the  cause  of  the 
Boers.  While  he  could  have  gone  to  the  field,  he  be- 
lieved he  could  render  better  service  for  the  country 


370 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


an  acting  as  fireman  on  a  locomotive  that  carried  muni- 
tions of  war  and  there  he  served  until  the  English  took 
him  and  all  the  officials  of  the  road  prisoners  of  war 
and  he  was  deported  to  Germany.  His  stay  was  seven- 
teen years  in  Africa  and  was  a  citizen  of  the  Transvaal. 
In  lyoi  Mr.  jj rammer  came  to  America  and  at  the 
present  time  he  is  operating  his  father's  and  brother 
•George's  farms,  three  miles  east  from  Lookout. 

On  August  6,  1894,  Mr.  Brammer  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Frederick  and  Christine  (Eggers) 
Renner,  the  wedding  occurring  in  the  Transvaal.  Mr. 
Renner  was  a  native  of  Germany  and  went  to  south 
Africa  in  1892,  there  working  at  his  trade  of  brick- 
mason.  Mrs.  Brammer  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1867. 
She  has  three  brothers  in  Germany,  one  brother  and  one 
sister  in  the  Transvaal,  and  one  sister  in  America.  Mr. 
Brammer  has  two  brothers,  George,  county  commis- 
sioner of  Nez  Perces  county;  Henry,  a  farmer  in  the 
county.  The  following  children  have  been  born  to  our 
subject  and  his  faithful  wife,  William  and  Frieda,  born 
in  the  Transvaal,  and  Henry,  born  in  Germany.  Mr. 
'  and  Mrs.  Brammer  are  members  of  the  German  Luth- 
eran church. 


SOLOMON  J.  POOL  is  now  a  prosperous  farmer, 
residing  six  miles  northeast  from  Mohler,  but  he  in- 
forms us  that  when  he  came  here  in  February,  1896,  he 
had  seventy-five  cents  arid  three  horses.  The  fine  hold- 
ing of  property  that  he  now  has  was  all  secured  by  his 
faithful  and  enterprising  labors  in  the  intervening 
years.  His  farm  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  country,  is 
well  improved  and  produces  abundantly.  Mr.  Pool  had 
to  endure  many  hardships  in  getting  a  start,  having  to 
3*0  to  the  Palouse  country  for  three  successive  years  to 
•work  for  wages  and  then  would  bring  supplies  back. 
He  hauled  his  grain  at  first  clear  to  Spalding  and  five 
•days  were  consumed  in  a  trip.  Now  he  is  close  to 
market  and  the  returns  of  his  skillfully  handled  farm 
are  bringing  him  a  gratifying  competency  in  this 
world's  goods. 

Solomon  J.  Pool  was  born  in  White  county,  Indi- 
ana, on  August  17,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and 
Almira  (Hilderbrand)  Pool,  natives  of  Virginia  and 
Ohio,  respectively.  They  were  married  in  White  coun- 
ty, Indiana.  Solomon  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  the  father's  death  in  1872. 
The  mother  is  now  living  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 
Solomon  went  to  Fremont  county,  Iowa,  in  1875  and 
there  lived  until  1889.  During  this  time  he  spent  two 
vears  in  western  Colorado  in  the  mines  and  timber.  In 
"1889  he  fitted  out  a  mule  team  and  wagon  and  made  the 
trip  to  Seattle,  Washington.  He  wintered  in  Saratoga 
springs  and  completed  the  trip  the  next  spring.  Mr. 
Pool  logged  a  time  on  the  Sound  and  then  returned 
to  Yakima,  and  later  went  to  Dayton,  Washington.  In 
1893  he  was  in  the  Pierce  City  country,  mining,  and 
then  repaired  to  the  Potlatch  country.  On  February 
27,  1896,  he  came  to  his  present  location,  and  this  has 
been  his  home  and  the  scene  of  his  labors  since  that 
time.  He  has  a  first  class  orchard,  a  large  barn,  a  good 
house  and  many  other  improvements  that  make  the  es- 


tate valuable  and  attractive.  It  was  tough  work  at  the 
beginning,  for  Mr.  Pool  tells  us  that  many  times  he 
was  forced  to  sleep  on  the  snow  and  he  labored  hard 
and  long  hours,  but  success  has  rewarded  his  industry 
and  he  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  community. 
Mr.  Pool  is  a  man  of  good  principles,  stands  well  with 
the  people,  as  he  has  always  done  in  all  the  places  where 
he  has  lived,  and  he  is  always  allied  on  the  side  of  prog- 


JOH.X  W.  THOMAS  is  a  progressive  and  capable 
young  man,  whose  labors  have  been  crowned  with 
abundant  success  in  the  acquisition  of  the  goods  of  this 
world,  while  also  he  has  been  one  of  the  foremost  ones 
in  the  upbuilding  and  material  welfare  of  the  reserva- 
tion portion  of  Nez  Perces  county,  where  he  has  labored 
faithfully  since  taking  his  present  place,  ten  miles  south- 
east from  Peck,  in  1896.  From  the  wild  land,  it  has 
been  transformed  to  a  valuable  and  fertile  farm  that  is 
placed  under  tribute  by  his  skillful  husbandry  to  return 
annual  dividends  of  bounteous  crop.s.  A  large  orchard 
of  bearing  trees,  a  modern  and  tasty  six-room  house,  a 
commodious  barn  and  many  other  improvements  testify 
to  the  labor  and  wisdom  manifested. 

John  W.  Thomas  was  born  in  Howell  County,  Mis- 
souri, on  September  14,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Nathan 
and  Obelia  (Forbes)  Thomas,  natives  of  Yancey  coun- 
ty, North  Carolina,  and  Lee  county,  Virginia,  respect- 
ively. They  were  married  in  North  Carolina  and  came 
to  Howell  county,  Missouri,  where  the  father  farmed 
until  January  21,  1881,  the  date  of  his  death.  The 
mother  died  in  September,  1891.  In  the  spring  of  1893, 
Mr.  Thomas  came  to  Juliaetta,  and  went  to  work  for 
his  brother.  He  had  five  dollars  cash  then  and  all  his 
goodly  holdings  have  been  wrought  out  by  his  industry 
since  that  time.  Just  previous  to  the  opening  of  the 
reservation,  Mr.  Thomas  spent  some  time  traveling 
over  it  and  when  the  opportunity  presented  itself  to  file 
he  was  in  position  to  locate  the  ground  he  desired. 
Time  has  shown  his  judgment  to  have  been  good. 
•  On  May  20,  1894,  Mr.  Thomas  married  Miss  Jennie 
Jayne,  who  had  lived  in  Howell  county,  Missouri.  Two 
children  have  come  to  gladden  the  union,  Howard, 
born  Tanuary  14,  1895 ;  Benjamin  Martin,  born  April 
21,  1901.  Mr.  Thomas'  father  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Confederate  army  and  participated  in  the  following- 
notable  battles,  Fair  Oaks,  Chancellorsville,  Gettys- 
burg, Chickamauga,  besides  others  and  many  skir- 
mishes. Our  subject  is  a  zealous  disciple  of  Nimrod 
and  has  made  four  different  trips  to  the  Salmon  river 
country  to  hunt  deer.  In  these  he  has  taken  as  his 
trophies  thirty-six  of  the  fleet  footed  creatures  and  he 
is  a  skillful  man  with  a  rifle  in  the  chase. 


ALBERT  C.  HARDMAN.  Ten  miles  southeast 
from  Peck  is  the  fine  estate  of  Mr.  Hardman.  When 
he  took  this  land  under  the  homestead  right,  in  Febru- 
ary, 1896,  the  country  was  very  different  in  its  appear- 
ance from  the  present  time,  as  is  also  his  farm.  Then 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


no  roads  crossed  the  country,  nor  fences,  no  families, 
except  two  in  remote  places,  and  everything  was  wild 
as  from  the  hands  of  nature.  Mr.  Hardman  displayed 
good  judgment  in  selecting  a  fine  piece  of  land  and  in 
April  following  his  location,  his  family  came  to  take 
up  the  pioneer's  life  with  him.  They  were  victims  of 
the  panic  in  the  years  just  previous  to  that  and  so  came 
with  very  little  of  this  world's  goods.  At  once  they  set 
to  labor  and  so  well  have  they  wrought  that  now  the 
farm  is  one  of  the  finest  about.  Four  hundred  bearing 
trees,  the  farm  is  all  fenced,  good  buildings  are  in  evi- 
dence and  the  annual  returns  of  bounteous  crops  are 
the  due  reward  of  the  industry  and  thrift  bestowed. 

A  more  detailed  account  of  Mr.  Hardman's  life  is 
desirable.  We  note  that  he  was  born  in  Davis  county, 
Iowa,  on  February  18,  1860,  being  the  son  of  George 
and  Jane  (Calvert)  Hardman,  natives  respectively  of 
Pennsylvania  and  New  Brunswick.  They  were  mar- 
ried in"  Iowa  and  the  father  died  in  1860.  In  1864,  with 
his  mother  and  her  parents,  our  subject  was  brought 
across  the  plains  to  Walla  Walla.  The  trip  was  made 
by  ox  teams  and  consumed  six  months.  Albert  lived 
on  a  farm  near  Walla  Walla  with  his  mother  until  he 
was  seventeen  and  then  went  to  Adams,  in  Uma- 
tilla  county,  and  settled  on  lieu  land.  There,  on  Octo- 
ber 13,  1881,  Air.  Hardman  married  Miss  Lucy, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Kees)  Gallaher.  Mr. 
Gallaher  came  across  the  plains  in  1848  to  western 
Oregon,  from  Iowa.  His  wife  came  with  her  parents 

Oregon;  later  they  removed  to  Umatilla  county, 
where  Mrs.  Hardman  was  born  December  7,  1864.  In 
1889  Mr.  Hardman  brought  his  family  to  Fairfield, 
Washington,  where  he  farmed  until  the' time  when  he 
came  to  the  reservation,  as  mentioned  above.  The 
mother  of  Mr.  Hardman  is  now  living  in  Adams,  Uma- 
tilla county.  Mrs.  Hardman's  parents  are  living  near 
Kamiah.  "To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hardman  there  have  been 
born  four  children :  Royden  L.,  born  June  19,  1883 ; 
Carroll  P.,  born  July  23,'  1885 ;  William  A.,  born  No- 
vember 15,  1887;  Owen  M.,  born  March  21,  1890.  Mr. 
Hardman  and  his  faithful  wife  are  devout  members  of 
the  United  Brethren  church  and  are  worthy  citizens 
who  exert  a  good  influence  in  the  community  where 
they  are  highly  respected. 


JOHN  W.  HAWTHORN  is  one  of  the  well 
known  and  prosperous  business  men  of  Culdesac,  at 
the  present  time  operating  a  livery  stable  in  partner- 
ship with  John  Whalen.  He  is  a  man  of  upright- 
ness and  integrity  and  is  the  recipient  of  the  confi- 
dence and  esteem  of  the  people.  In  addition  to  the 
livery  business  they  handle  a  hundred  and  eighty  acres 
of  land  that  is  rented  from  the  Indians,  and  which  they 
farm  to  flax,  oats  and  barley.  Mr.  Hawthorn  has  a 
good  business  and  the  untiring  care  and  attention  be- 
stowed for  the  comfort,  accommodation  and  safety  of 
his  guests  has  built  it  to  its  present  lucrative  dimen- 
sions.. 

John  W.  Hawthorn  was  born  in  Jefferson  county, 


Iowa,  on  July  i,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Jesse  and 
Hannah  (Barnett)  Hawthorn.  He  grew  up  on  a 
farm  and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
place.  When  twenty-four  he  started  into  the  battle  of 
life  on  his  own  responsibility  and  his  first  ventures 
were  to  rent  land  and  farm  and  then  to  operate  on 
different  railroads  and  in  liverv  work.  About  1891 
Mr.  Hawthorn  came  to  Washington,  landing  first  at 
Pomeroy.  Then  he  worked  on  ranches  in  Asotin 
county  about  three  years.  It  was  1894  when  he  came 
to  the  reservation  in  the  vicinity  of  Lapwai.  Here  he 
was  engaged  for  wages  on  different  farms  until  the 
reservation  opened  and  then  he  took  a  quarter  sec- 
tion and  proved  up  on  it  in  1901.  In  the  same  year 
he  opened  the  livery  and  since  has  divided  his  time 
between  it  and  the  prosecution  of  the  fanning  indus- 
try. Mr.  Hawthorn  had  but  little  of  this  world's 
goods  when  he  filed  on  the  land  but  oy  his  industry 
and  wisdom  in  management  he  has  accumulated  grat- 
ifying holding.  Mr.  Hawthorn  was  married  in  1872. 

One  daughter  was  born  to  him,  Josephine,  wife  of 
Arthur  Haskins,  a  farmer  on  Snell  gluch,  in  Nez 
Perces  county.  Mrs.  Hawthorn  was  called  away  by 
death. 

Mr.  Hawthorn  has  four  sisters  and  no  brothers, 
and  the  other  members  of  the  family,  besides  himself, 
all  live  in  Iowa.  In  his  career  here,  it  is  with  pleas- 
ure that  we  are  enabled  to  state  that  Mr.  Hawthorn 
has  so  conducted  himself  that  he  has  won  the  hearty 
good  will  and  approval  of  all  who  know  him  and  he  is 
one  of  the  prosperous  and  substantial  citizens  of  good 
standing. 


CHARLES  A.  WANN.  Among  the  quota  of 
Mohler's  successful  business  men  we  must  needs  men- 
tion the  estimable  gentleman  whose  name  initiates 
this  paragraph,  as  he  is  conducting  a  general  merchan- 
dise establishment  there  which  his  skill,  good  ability, 
and  geniality  have  made  a  success  in  every  sense  of  the 
word,  and  at  the  present  time,  his  patronage  is  rap- 
idly increasing. 

Charles  A.  Wann  was  born  in  Misouri,  on  January 
22,  1871,  being  the  son  of  James  H.  and  Sarah  F. 
(Neil)  Wann,  mention  of  whom  is  made  in  this  work 
elsewhere.  Until  ten,  our  subject  was  at  the  native 
place  in  Missouri,  and  then  came  with  the  family  to 
Pataha  City,  Garfield  county,  Washington,  and  there 
and  in  Dayton  he  received  the  completion  of  his  edu- 
cation. At  seventeen  he  started  in  life  for  himself. 
Two  years  were  spent  in  the  store  of  Weiler  &  Wax, 
'hich  his  father  managed  at  Cottomvood,  Idaho.  At 
nineteen  he  went  east  with  a  band  of  horses,  consum- 
ing seven  months  in  the  trip.  Returning  to  Cotton- 
ood  he  embarked  in  the  sheep  and  horse  business 
with  his  father,  which  engaged  their  attention  until 
897.  Then  Charles  spent  one  year  mining  and  rail- 
roading. Then  a  time  was  spent  as  bookkeeper  of 
E.  T.  Brandon's  general  merchandise  establishment  at 
Culdesac.  It  was  1900  that  Mr.  Wann  opened  a  small 
store  at  a  postoffice  named  Howard,  near  where  Moh- 
'  is  now  situated.  When  Mohler  was  started,  he 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


removed  to  his  present,  location  and  as  the  business 
has  built  up,  he  has  increased  his  stock  and  is  now  one 
'  of  the  leading  merchants  of  this  part  of  the  reserva- 

On  April  22,  1803,  Mr.  Wann  married  Miss  Hat- 
tie,  daughter  of  William  J.  Wilburn,  a  native  of 
Missouri.  Mrs.  Wann  was  born  in  California.  Mr. 
Wann  has  three  brothers,  William  D.,  residing 


vvann  nas  inree  oroiners,  vviiiiani  LJ.,  lesiumg  ai 
Spalding ;  Loren  B.,  with  J.  G.  Wright,  at  Culdesac ; 
Norman  J.,  residing  with  parents.  Mr.  Wann  asso- 
ciated himself  with  George  S.  Martin  in  his  mer- 
chandising efforts  and  together  these  gentlemen  con- 
duct their  rapidly  increasing  business.  Mr.  Wann  is 
a  member  of  the' I.  O.  O.  F.,  Mohler  Lodge,  No.  60; 
of  the  Mohler  Encampment,  No.  20,  being  scribe;  of 
the  Mohler  Camp,  No.  612,  W.  W.,  being  past  consul ; 
while  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Jewel  Lodge  of 
Rebekahs,  and  the  Mohler  Circle  of  the  W.  W.  Mrs. 
Wann  is  treasurer  of  the  Rebekahs  and  past  guardian 
of  the  later.  Mr.  Wann  is  a  Democrat  in  political 
ideas ;  he  is  a  familiar  figure  in  the  conventions  and  is 
a  very  successful  and  powerful  personage  in  these  af- 
fairs," although  he  has  never  pressed  for  personal  pre- 
ferment. He  served  as  deputy  assessor  in  Idaho 
county  in  1892.  Mr.  Wann  is  a  popular  man  and 
stands  well  among  all  who  know  him.  He  is  manag- 
ing his  business  with  commendable  wisdom,  and  is  do- 
ing his  part  for  substantial  upbuilding  and  progress 
of  the  county. 


HOLLIS  W.  KEITH.  The  reservation  portion 
of  our  county  has  been  the  place  where  many  have 
won  the  smiles  of  fortune  and  have  come  from  the 
depleted  resources  of  hard  times  to  have  plenty  and 
be  prospered  abundantly.  Among  that  number  is  the 
enterprising  and  industrious  young  farmer  whom  we 
mention  at  the  head  of  this  article. 

Hollis  W.  Keith  was  born  in  Boone  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  April  4,  1872,  being  the  son  of  George  G.  and 
Ann  Maria  (Willis)  Keith.  The  father  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  in  1828  and  died  in  1901,  having  been  a 
pioneer  in  Missouri  and  also  in  Washington.  The 
mother  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  in  1830  and  still 
lives  in  Idaho.  Her  father,  John"  Willis,  was  a  forty- 
niner  in  California.  Hollis  grew  to  manhood  in  Mis- 
souri and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools.  When 
seventeen  he  came  west  to  Colfax,  Washington, 
The  father  joined  him  in  a  few  months  and  together 
they  farmed  near  St.  John,  that  state.  In  1893,  they 
explored  the  Salmon  river  country  and  soon  returned 
to  the  vicinity  of  Pullman  where  they  farmed  until 
1897,  when  the  reservation  lands  attracted  them  and 
our  subject  took  his  present  place,  two  miles  south- 
east from  Lenore.  He  owns  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
nine  acres,  raises  domestic  stock,  does  general  farm- 
ing and  has  good  improvements,  being  prospered. 
Mr.  Keith  also  handles  a  threshing  outfit  and  he  is  a 
leading  man  and  stands  well.  His  two  brothers, 
Jesse  G.  and  Allen,  took  land  also,  and  the  father  came 
to  the  reservation  with  them. 


In  January,  1892,  Mr.  Keith  married  Miss  Nora 
McArty.  The  wedding  occurred  at  St.  John.  Her 
father,  Adam  McArty,  married  Miss  St.  John,  whose 
father  started  and  named  the  town  of  St.  John.  Mr. 
St.  John  was  a  merchant  and  an  old  soldier.  His 
death  occurred  in  1895.  Mrs.  Keith  was  born  in  Kan- 
sas in  1878  and  died  April  n,  1902,  having  borne 
four  children,  Albert  J.,  Arthur  C.,  Alice  B.  and 
Georgia  M.,  who  are  all  at  home  with  their  father. 
Mr.  Keith  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sis- 
ters:  John  W.,  in  this  county;  William  M.,  in  Mis- 
souri; Allen  B.  and  Jesse  G.,  both  in  the  reservation 
country;  Catherine  Boyer,  Mary  E.  Barnett,  both 
at  Odessa,  Washington;  Anna  M.  Hitchings,  near 
Sunset,  Washington.  Mr.  Keith  is  a  Democrat  but 
is  sufficiently  independent  to  reserve  his  vote  for  the 
man  rather  than  the  party.  He  is  a  zealous  supporter 
of  good  schools  and  is  wide  awake  for  the  betterment 
of  the  country  and  its  advancement. 


HERMAN  L.  TIEDE.  A  stanch  and  sturdy  son 
of  the  Fatherland,  whose  labors  have  been  bestowed 
with  wisdom  in  the  development  and  upbuilding  of 
this  western  country  for  a  term  of  years,  and  who  is 
now  one  of  the  industrious  farmers  of  Nez  Perces 
county,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  deserving  of  spe- 
cial mention  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

Herman  L.  Tiede  was  born  in  Prussia  on  May  10, 
1841,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  F.  and  Caroline  C. 
(Streitz)  Tiede,  natives  of  Prussia  and  died  in  1877 
and  1880,  respectively.  Herman  was  educated  in  his 
native  land  and  learned  the  trade  of  the  miller  from 
his  father.  Working  at  this  and  serving  in  the  army, 
he  passed  the  time  in  Germany  until  he  was  twenty- 
four  and  then  came  to  Chicago.  Thence  he  made 
his  way  to  Watertown,  Wisconsin,  and  farmed  for 
six  years.  After  this  he  went  to  Hamilton  county, 
Nebraska,  and  after  a  brief  period  of  farming,  he 
purchased  a  flouring  mill  in  Seward  county.  After  five 
years  of  this,  he  was  financially  on  the  debit  side  and 
so  sold  and  came  to  Lewis  county,  Washington,  in 
1888.  In  1895  ne  migrated  thence  to  Cameron,  Idaho,  - 
and  there  was'his  home  until  1897,  when  he  came  and 
secured  his  present  place,  two  miles  northeast  from 
Lookout.  He  owns  eighty  acres,  does  a  general  farm- 
ing business  and  raises  some  stock,  having  comfortable 


mprovt 


:nts. 


In  i860.  Mr.  Tiede  married  Miss  Louise  Tesch 
and  five  children  were  born  to  this  union,  but  in  1876 
Mrs.  Tiede  was  called  away  by  death.  In  1878,  Jan- 
nary  12,  Air.  Tiede  married  a  second  time,  the  lady 
becoming  his  wife  was  Bertha  Arndt.  Her  parents, 
August  and  Amelia  (Newman)  Arndt,  were  born  in 
Germany  and  her  father  was  a  soldier  in  his  native 
land  and  wrought  also  at  farming  and  blacksmithing. 
Mrs.  Tiede  was  born  in  Germany  in  1861  and  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1870.  Mr.  Tiede  has  two 
brothers  and  two  sisters  in  Germany.  The  following 
named  children  have  been  born  to  the  household,  Au- 
gust, Sidoni,  Alfred,  Herman,  Mary,  Emil,  Paul,  Otto, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Louis.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tiede  are  devout  members  o 
the  Lutheran  church ;  while  in  politics,  Mr.  Tiede  is  ; 
Democrat  and  is  a  zealous  advocate  of  good  schools. 


EUGENE  F.  GOFFINET.  Much  credit  is  due 
those  whose  labors  and  energy  have  built  up.  the  reser- 
vation country,  and  one  deserving  of  especial  mention 
in  this  connection  is  the  gentleman  whose  name  ini- 
tiates this,  paragraph.  Eugene  F.  Goffinet  was  born  in 
Perry  county.  Indiana,  on  March  20,  1869,  being  the 
son  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Collin)  Goffinet.  The 
mother  died  in  Indiana  in  1891.  and  the  following 
year  the  father  came  to  dwell  with  our  subject  and  is 
now  in  his  seventy-eighth  year.  In  1874  the  family 
left  Indiana  and  migrated  to  San  Francisco,  thence 
to  Sonora  and  there  the  father  engaged  in  mining 
and  carpentering  until  1884,  when  they  all  returned 
to  Indiana.  Eugene  attended  the  common  schools 
in  the  various  places  where  he  resided  in  his  boy- 
hood days,  and  in  1887  went  to  Daviess  county,  Ken- 
tucky, and  there  wrought  for  the  Cincinnati  Cooperage 
Company,  getting  out  staves.  This  was  then  one 
of  the  largest  concerns  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  In 
1892  he  came  to  Fairfield,  Washington,  and  there  la- 
bored for  a  salary  until  1896  when  he  came  to  the 
reservation  and  took  his  present  place,  ten  miles  south- 
east from  Peck.  He  has  good  land  and  has  shown 
skillful  husbandry  and  industry  in  the  improvement 
and  tilling  of  it  since  that  time.  "He  has  a  good  orchard 

land  are  very  gratifying.  The  country  was  sparsely 
settled  when"  Air.  Goffinet  came  here  and  he  had  the 
hardships  that  are  the  lot  of  the  pioneer  to  endure,  and 
especially  was  it  hard  with  him  as  his  means  were 
very  limited.  But  he  labored  on  with  courage  and  de- 
termination, using  the  best  of  wisdom  in  all  his  en- 
deavors, until  he  has  achieved  a  success  that  is  the 
proper  crown  of  such  worthy  endeavors.  Mr.  Goffinet 
is  one  of  the  highly  respected  men  of  this  section,  and 
he  is  an  influential  citizen.  His  father  has  a  home- 
stead near  and  has  taken  great  interest  in  the  improve- 
ment of  the  country  and  the  days  of  the  golden  years 
of  his  life  are  being  spent  in  the"  good  labors  of  bring- 
ing fruitful  returns  from  the  fertile  soil  of  this  favored 
region. 


WILLIAM  M.  BLAIR.  This  well  known  and 
enterprising  young  business  man  of  Ilo  is  esteemed 
not  only  for  the  ability  end  energy  displayed  in  his 
business  career,  but  also  because  he  is  a  man  of  integ- 
rity and  withal  of  a  genial  and  affable  nature  and  pos- 
sessed of  sound  principles. 

William  M.  Blair  was  born  in  Lee  county,  Iowa,  on 
May  14.  1870,  being  the  son  of  Charles  F.'and  Eliza- 
beth A.  (Lyen)  Blair.  His  father  was  a  merchant, 
born  in  Cattaraugus  county.  New  York,  on  August  14, 
1836.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war,  enlisting 
in  Company  B,  Thirteenth  Iowa  Infantry,  under  Colo- 
nel Rankin.  The  paternal  grandparents  of  our  subject 


were  pioneers  in  Jefferson  county,  iowa,  in  1840.  The 
mother  of  William  M.  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Iowa,  in  1839,  her  parents  being  pioneers  there  in 
1837.  The  family  remained  in  Iowa  until  our  subject 
was  fourteen  and  there  he  attended  school.  Then 
they  removed  to  Wellington  and  later  to  Pratt  county, 
Kansas,  where  the  father  took  land  and  farmed.  Will- 
iam remained  there  four  years  and  then  returned  to 
his  old  Iowa  home  and  worked  for  Carson  &  Rand, 
lumbermen  of  Keokuk,  where  two  years  were  spent. 
Then  two  years  were  spent  in  Pratt  county,  Kansas. 
In  1893  he  went  to  the  Cherokee  strip  and  gained  land 
as  it  opened.  Two  years  later  he  went  to  Hope,  Kan- 
sas, and  there  operated  a  short  order  house  for  two 
years.  He  then  spent  two  years  driving  teams  for  stock 
companies  in  different  portions  of  that  country,  then 
returned  to  Pratt  county  and  later  went  to  the  opening 
of  the  Arrapahoe  and  Cheyenne  lands,  but  failing  to 
get  lands  that  suited  him,  he  car.ie  thence  to  Ilo,  and 
here  erected  a  house  and  livery  barn.  He  has  devoted 
his  attention  to  this  business  since  and  is  having  a  good 

man,  ever  looking  for  the  comfort  and  safety  of  his 
patrons. 

Mr.  Blair  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters :  George  R..  in  Pratt  county,  Kansas ;  Mary  S. 
Miller,  in  Kansas  City,  Missouri ;  Annie  B.  Balner,  in 
Pontiac,  Illinois ;  John  R.,  in  Sawyer,  Kansas.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  in  political  matters  he 
is  active  and  interested,  always  supporting  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Republican  party.  Mr.  Blair  is  a  bachelor, 
preferring  the  quiet  of  the  celibatarian's  life  to  the 
cares  of  the  connubial  relation.  His  mother  is  living 
with  him  at  the  present  time. 


HENRY  RIGGERS.  The  prevailing  condi- 
tions of  hardship  for  the  laboring  men  in  Germany 
have  sent  many  of  the  sturdy  sons  of  that  land  to 
seek  their  fortunes  in  the  resourceful  territory  of 
this  land  of  the  free.  Among  this  number  is  the 
worthy  young  gentleman  of  whom  we  now  have 
the  privilege  of  speaking.  He  is  a  man  of  indus- 
try, thrift  and  energy,  and  has  labored  in  su,ch  a 
way  that  he  has  gained  a  goodly  competence  since 
locating  here.  His  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  is  located  three  miles  southeast  from  Clifford 
and  was  taken  by  him  under  the  homestead  right  in 
1896.  He  has  bestowed  his  labor  here  since  and  it 
has  produced  such  fine  improvements,  as  house,  barn, 
fences,  orchard,  and  so  forth,  and  the  products  of 
the  soil  have  made  Mr.  Riggers  a  prosperous  and  well- 
to-do  farmer.  He  raises  cattle  and  hogs  and  feeds 
most  of  his  grain  to  them.  He  raises  flax  for  the 
market. 

Henry  Riggers  was  born  in  Germany  in  1872, 
being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Mary  Riggers,  natives 
also  of  the  fatherland.  '  The  father  as  born  in  1829 
and  came  to  America  in  1892.  The  mother  was 
born  in  1841.  Henry  was  educated  in  his  native 
land  and  came  in  his  earlv  manhood  alone  to  Wash- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ington  county,  Kansas,  where  he  labored  until  1892, 
when  he  migrated  to  the  vicinity  of  Genesee.  There 
he  wrought  on  the  farms  until  the  reservation 
opened  and  then  he  took  the  land  as  mentioned  above. 
On  January  10,  1899,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr. 
Riggers  married  Miss  Mary  Kothe,  who  was  born 
in  Germany  in  October,  1879,  and  came  to  the  United 
States  when  she  was  four  years  of  age.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union,  Henry  and  Her- 
man. Mr.  Riggers  has  two  brothers,  William  and 
Dietrich,  both  in  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rig- 
gers are  members  of  the  German  Lutheran  church. 
In  political  matters  Mr.  Riggers  votes  for  a  Republi- 
can president  but  as  to  others,  he  selects  according  to 
the  man.  He  and  his  faithful  wife  are  respected  and 
worthy  people  and  are  among  the  most  substantial 
citizens  of  our  county. 


JOHN  HENRY  BRAMMER.  Without  per- 
adventure  it  is  admitted  that  some  of  the  most  thrifty 
and  substantial  citizens  of  America  come  to  us  from 
the  land  of  Germany.  As  a  true  specimen  of  the 
thrifty  and  industrious  and  keen  business  men  of  the 
fatherland,  we  note  the  young  and  well-to-do  stock- 
man and  farmer,  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph. 
A  brief  review  of  his  career  will  be  interseting  read- 
ing in  the  history  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  there- 
fore we  append  it. 

John  H.  Brammer  was  born  in  Germany,  on  June 
5,  1869,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Sophia 
(Heisterman)  Brammer,  also  natives  of  the  same 
country.  The  father  was  born  in  1839  and  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1893.  He  was  a  forester  for 
Lord  Von  Rehden  for  many  years  previous  to  com- 
ing to  America,  and  is  now  dwelling  near  Melrose. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  1840  and  died 
in  1900.  John  Henry  was  educated  in  his  native 
land  and  often  he  and  his  father  talked  over  the  ad- 
vantages of  this  country  and  together  studied  the 
financial  condition  here ;  finally  in  1893  determined  to 
try  the  venture  of  citizenship  in  the  United  States. 
They  landed  in  New  York  on  April  i,  1893,  and  at 
once  came  to  Idaho,  where  settlement  was  made  at 
Cameron  and  there  they  lived  until  February,  1896, 
when  our  subject  filed  on  his  present  place,  about  two 
miles  west  from  Melrose.  He  has  bestowed  with 
wisdom  his  labor  in  raising  stock,  general  farming 
and  so  forth,  and  has  been  rewarded  with  the  due 
meed  of  the  industrious  and  capable,  and  is  well 
possessed  of  the  goods  of  this  world.  Mr.  Brammer 
has  recently  sold  the  home  place  but  is  buying  an- 
other and  also  contemplates  starting  in  business  in 
Melrose. 

On  December  7,  1900,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr. 
Brammer  married  Miss  Lena,  daughter  of  John  and 
Mary  (Gertje)  Eihlers,  natives  of  Germany,  and  now 
living  in  Cameron.  Mrs.  Brammer  has  two  brothers 
and  one  sister,  Herman,  George  and  Emma,  all  at 
home.  Mr.  Brammer  has  the  following  brothers, 
William,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the  South 


African  war,  now  residing  in  this  country;  George, 
a  farmer  here,  who  was  also  in  this  country  before 
our  subject.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brammer  are  members 
of  the  German  Lutheran  church  and  staunch  sup- 
porters of  their  faith.  He  is  a  man  of  his  convic- 
tions and  not  only  favors  the  Populist  ticket,  but 
votes  it  also.  While  in  Germany,  he  was  during  the 
last  years  a  soldier  in  the  army  and  is  well  trained 
in  military  tactics. 


OAKY  W.  LEGGETT.  The  little  village  of  Ilo 
owes  its  birth  to  the  efforts  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Through  his  efforts  the  postoffke  was  estab- 
lished and  he  named  the  place  Ilo  from  his  little  daugh- 
ter's name.  He  is  a  public  minded  man,  takes  liberal 
views  of  the  questions  of  life,  is  always  laboring  for 
advancement  and  stands  well  among  the  people.  Mr. 
Leggett  operates  a  general  merchandise  establishment 
and  has  a  good  trade. 

An  outline  of  his  career  will  be  of  interest  to  the 
readers  of  this  volume  and  therefore  we  append  the 
same.  Oaky  W.  was  born  in  Adair  county,  Iowa,  on 
May  30  1873,  being  the  son  of  John  L.  and  Emma 
(Johnson)  Leggett.  His  father  was  born  in  Illinois 
in  1839.  He  was  a  merchant  and  farmer,  was  post- 
master at  Lathrop,  Iowa,  for  twenty-five  years,  was 
railroad  agent  also,  and  county  commissioner  for  six 
years.  He  fought  the  battles  of  the  country  in  the 
Ninth  Illinois  Cavalry  for  three  years  in  the  Rebellion. 
He  was  a  pioneer  of  Adair  county  and  lives  there  still. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  Illinois.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1849,  her  parents  being 
natives  of  the  same  state.  Our  subject  grew  to  man- 
hood in  Iowa  and  there  received  his  education.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  he  took  charge  of  a  station  at  Rock 
Island,  having  learned  telegraphy  and  the  business 
from  his  father.  Three  years  were'  spent  there,  next 
he  operated  as  express  agent  from  Des  Moines  for  a 
time  and  then  engaged  with  the  Great  Western  for  a 
time.  After  this,  he  returned  to  the  farm  and  labored 
for  four  years.  Next  he  opened  a  general  merchan- 
dise establishment  in  Dana,  Iowa,  and  did  a  good  busi- 
ness until  the  store  burned  down.  It  was  1898  that  he 
came  to  the  coast  and  later  to  Lewiston.  He  engaged 
with  the  Small  &  Emory  Lumber  Company  for  a  time 
and  then  came  to  Ilo,  where  he  opened  a  general 
merchandise  establishment,  and  as  stated  above,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  the  postofrke  established,  of  which 
he  is  postmaster,  in  addition  attending  to  his  mercantile 

On  March  7,  1894,  Mr.  Leggett  married  Miss  Lillie 
M..  daughter  of  Oscar  and  Elizabeth  (Armstrong) 
Allen,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith ; 
both  parents  died  when  Mrs.  Leggett  was  young.  Mrs. 
Leggett  was  born  in  Iowa  in  1874,  graduated  from  the 
high  school  and  taught  for  three  years.  She  has  two 
brothers  and  one  sister,  Charles  H.,  Oscar  F.  and 
Hattie,  all  in  Iowa.  Mr.  Leggett  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters :  Anna,  Bert  L.,  Stella  M.. 
all  in  Iowa.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leggett  have  two  children, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


375' 


Ilo  and  Dorothy.  Mr.  Leggett  is  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  and  the  M.  W.  A.  He  is  a  Republican  in  poli- 
tics and  labors  for  good  government.  He  owns  a  farm 
near  town  and  other  property.  Mr.  Leggett  takes  great 
interest  in  good  schools  and  in  churches  and  at  the  pres- 
ent time  he  is  assisting  liberally  to  build  the  Presbyte- 
rian church  at  Ilo,  although  he'is  not  a  member  of  that 
denomination.  Mr.  Leggett's  father,  grandfather,  and 
two  uncles,  Thomas  T.  Armstrong  and  John  Spellman, 
all  fought  for  the  Union  in  the  Rebellion.  The  two 
uncles  were  killed. 


WARREN  CLUGSTON  is  a  man  of  varied  and 
many  experiences  in  the  industries  of  this  world,  has 
traveled  over  the  western  portion  of  the  United 
'  States,  especially  in  the  northwest,  and  is  well  satis- 
fied that  the  reservation  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county 
is  one  of  the  best  sections  in  the  west.  He  has  a  fine 
home  and  a  good  farm  nine  miles  southeast  from 
Peck,  being  a  well-to-do  and  thrifty  farmer.  War- 
ren Clugston  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Salem,  Ohio, 
on  March  4,  1840,  the  son  of  James  and  Catherine 
Clugston,  natives  of  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  also  they  were  married.  An  uncle  of  James 
Clugston,  Captain  John  Clugston,  was  killed  in  the 
Revolution.  In  1835  the  parents  of  Warren  moved 
to  Ohio  and  in  1851  they  came  to  McDonough  coun- 
ty, Illinois,  where  he  grew  up  and  was  educated.  In 
1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Second  Illinois  Cav- 
alry, and  served  under  General  Grant.  He  was  in  the 
battle  of  Holly  Springs  and  many  skirmishes  but  on 
account  of  disability  was  discharged  some  time  be- 
fore his  enlistment  of  three  years  had  run  its  course. 
In  1864  Mr.  Clugston  joined  the  Bozeman  train  of 
eighty  wagons  and  four  hundred  men  and  started  for 
the  west,  coming  via  the  Bozeman  cut  off  from  the 
Platte.  At  Virginia  City  Mr.  Clugston  left  the  train 
and  came  to  Idaho  City,  Idaho,  where  he  mined.  In 
the  fall  of  1865  he  returned  home,  having  three  com- 
panions, The  trip  was  made  on  horseback  and  one 
horse  sufficed  to  carry  the  pack  for  the  entire  com- 
pany. 

On  February  1,  1876,  in  McDonough  county,  Illi- 
nois, Mr.  Clugston  married  Miss  Ann  E.  Johnson  and 
in  1879  they  removed  to  Crawford  county,  Kansas, 
and  farmed.  Two  children  were  born  to  this  mar- 
riage, John  C.,  near  Peck;  James  L.,  in  McDonough 
county,  Illinois.  Mrs.  Clugston  died  on  September 
4,  1 88 1.  Mr.  Clugston  had  purchased  a  farm  in  Car- 
roll county,  Missouri,  and  there,  on  July  2,  1883,  he 
married  Sena  A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Grazelda 
(Barrier)  Parker.  Mrs.  Clugston  was  born  on  July 
8,  1860,  in  Richmond,  Missouri.  Two  children  were 
the  fruit  of  this  union,  an  infant  that  died  on  August 
8,  1884,  and  Grazelda  Ann,  born  in  Carrollton.  Mis- 
souri, on  October  12,  1885.  Mr.  Parker  is  a  business 
man  in  Carrollton  and  is  now  aged  seventy-one,  and 
his  wife  died  in  February,  1896.  In  the  fall  of  1888 
Mr.  Clugston  came  with' his  family  to  Colfax,  thence 
to  Moscow,  and  in  1889  he  settled  near  Southwick, 


and  later  we  see  him  near  Linden,  where  he  pre- 
empted a  quarter.  On  the  seventh  of  June,  1896,  Mr. 
Clugston  came  and  took  his  present  place,  which  was 
a  wild  piece  of  land  and  is  now  a  fertile  and  valuable 
farm,  well  provided  with  buildings  and  other  im- 
provements. He  and  his  family  endured  the  hard- 
ships incident  to  pioneer  life,  which  were  rendered 
more  rigorous  on  account  of  the  panic  having  just 
swept  over  the  country  before  that.  Mr.  Clugston  is 
ber  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  at  Kendrick.  Mrs.  Clug- 


a grad 


ate  of  the  high  school  at  Carrollton, 
taught  much  both  in  the  east  and 


nd  has 

also  since  coming  west.  She  held  the  principalship 
of  the  Juliaetta  schools  in  1895-6,  and  also  has  taught 
in  other  positions  both  in  Latah  and  Nez  Perces 
counties.  Mr.  Clugston  is  an  old  and  skillful  hand 
with  threshing  machines.  He  has  followed  the  busi- 
ness for  thirty-two  successive  years  and  is  now  using 
his  sixth  machine. 


ALLEN  J.  SHORTLIDGE.  A  pioneer  of  the 
Central  ridge  country  and  one,  too,  who  has  made 

his  farm,  our  subject  deserves  first  rank  among  the 
worthy  men  whose  labors  have  made  this  county  a 
fertile  and  wealthy  country. 

Allen  J.  Shortlidge  was  born  in  Delaware,  New 
Castle  county,  on  December  31,  1861,  whence  the 
family  removed  to  Philadelphia.  His  parents  were 
Allen  and  Mary  A.  (Plumley)  Shortlidge.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  enlisted  in 
the  Civil  war,  going  in  as  a  private  but  coming  out 
as  a  captain.  He  fought  in  many  battles  and  skir- 
mishes and  was  severely  wounded  through  his  hips  at 
Antietam.  He  carried  this  ball  to  his  death  in  1899. 
In  the  early  'seventies  the  father  came  to  the  Black 
Hills,  South  Dakota,  and  in  1877  our  subject  joined 
him  there.  They  freighted  and  in  1878  went  to  Wy- 
oming, working  in  the  Sweetwater  mines.  In  1879 
they  went  to  New  Mexico  and  there  freighted  until 
i88'2  in  which  year  they  came  to  Pendleton  and  en- 
gaged in  farming.  In  1890  another  move  was  made, 
this  time  Fairfield,  Washington,  being  the  objective 
point.  Three  years  later  they  visited  the  Big  Bend 
country  and  later  our  subject  traveled  in  Alberta, 
Canada,  but  did  not  take  land,  not  liking  the  country. 
In  April,  1896,  we  find  Mr.  Shortlidge  on  the  reser- 
vation and  as  soon  as  he  saw  the  country  he  deter- 
mined to  locate.  A  search  soon  found  for  him  his 
present  place,  a  fertile  quarter  ten  miles  southeast 
from  Peck,  where  he  has  bestowed  his  labors  with 
telling  effect,  making  his  farm  one  of  the  best  in  this 
section  of  the  county.  Few  people  were  here  and 
Mr.  Shortlidge  was  'forced  to  endure  the  hardships 
and  deprivations  of  the  pioneer  and  although  he  came 
with  very  limited  capital,  he  is  now  one  of  the  well- 
to-do  men  of  the  community. 

On  November  TO,  1899.  Mr-  Shortlidge  married 
Miss  Carrie  M.  Wheat,  who  was  born  in  Clay  county, 
Illinois,  on  March  20.  1874.  She  graduated  from  *hr 


376 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Flora  high  school  and  took  up  teaching  which  she 
followed  until  her  marriage.  She  came  west  and 
taught  at  Moscow  some  also  before  her  marriage. 
One  child  has  been  born  to  this  union,  Florence  Lu- 
cile,  who  celebrates  November  6,  1900,  as  her  birth- 
day. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shortlidge  are  consistent  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  church  and  they  are  leading  and 
influential  citizens  in  their  community. 


OWEN  NUGENT.  The  famous  little  Emerald 
Isle  has  furnished  a  worthy  quota  of  staunch  men  to 
build  up  American  institutions  and  among  the  large 
number  of  substantial  and  patriotic  citizens  of  this 
blood  we  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  as  both 
a  typical  specimen  of  the  native  land,  and  a  patriotic, 
loyal  and  deserving  citizen  of  this  free  land. 

Owen  Nugent  was  born  in  count)'  Tyrone,  Ire- 
land, in  1864,  being  the  son  of  High  and  Bridget 
Nugent,  natives  of  Ireland  and  dying  in  1899  and 
1895,  respectively.  Owen  worked  on  his  father's 
farm,  embracing  the  rather  meager  opportunities  to 
gain  an  education,  and  when  twenty  determined  to 
try  his  fortune  in  America.  He  landed  in  Philadel- 
phia and  for  two  years  he  wrought  in  the  foundries 
and  lumber  yards  of  the  Quaker  city.  Then  he  came 
on  to  Minnesota  and  farmed  for  two  years.  The  next 
vocation  was  railroading,  which  he  followed  in  all  the 
states  from  Minnesota  west  and  when  the  reserva- 
tion opened,  he  came  hither  and  secured  the  place 
where  he  now  lives.  It  lies  six  miles  east  from  Ches- 
ley  and  has  been  well  improved  and  made  valuable  by 
the  wisely  bestowed  labors  of  Mr.  Nugent.  He  has 
forty  head  of  stock,  has  seven  acres  of  ochard  and 
other  improvements  equally  excellent.  Mr.  Nugent 
has  one  brother  in  America  and  four  brothers  and 
three  sisters  in  his  native  land.  He  has  never  seen 
fit  as  yet  to  abandon  the  quiet  joys  and  composure  of 
the  bachelor  life  for  the  matrimonial  sea,  but  Mr. 
Nugent  is  a  jovial  and  affable  man,  a  good  business 
operator  and  stands  well  in  the  community. 


GUST  HADFORD.  It  is  especially  interesting  to 
note  with  what  zeal  and  interest  those  who  come  to  the 
United  States  from  the  north  lands  of  Sweden  and 
Norway  enter  into  the  spirit  of  American  citizenship. 
As  a  veritable  leader  in  this  worthy  undertaking,  we 
are  constrained  to  mention  Gust  Hadford,  who  has 
manifested  such  loyalty  and  patriotism  in  his  new 
found  home  that  one  is  kindled  to  admiration  of  his 
manly  and  public  spirited  ways.  In  addition  to  this, 
Mr.  Hadford  determined  when  he  came  to  become  a 
thorough  American  and  so  at  once  set  with  a  will 
to  learn  the  language  and  he  is  now  master  of  the 
English  in  a  gratifying  degree  and  speaks  it  fluently. 

Gust  Hadford  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  January  10, 
1870,  being  the  son  of  Lars  and  Catherine  (Vester- 
lund)  Hadford.  natives  of  Sweden.  The  father  is  a 
farmer,  was  born  in  1837  and  is  still  living  in  his  native 


place.  The  mother  died  in  1885.  Gust  was  educated 
in  his  native  place  and  on  August  20,  1885,  he  came 
to  the  United  States.  As  said  before,  he  came  with  the 
full  determination  of  making  this  his  home  and  settled 
to  the  spirit  of  the  subject  with  an  apitude  and  zeal 
that  have,  made  him  a  worthy  and  leading  citizen.  He 
had  three  older  brothers,  Peter,  in  this  country,  who 
toiled  in  McPherson  county,  Kansas,  two  years  and  a 
half  and  then  came  to  Washington  and  worked  at 
railroading  for  a  time,  after  which  he  farmed  in  Spo- 
kane county  until  1896,  at  which  time  he  came  to  the 
reservation  country  and  selected  his  present  place,  three 
miles  southeast  from  Lookout  postoffice.  He  has  a 
good  farm,  well  improved  with  comfortable  buildings 
and  beautified  with  a  fine  orchard.  Mr.  Hadford  does 
d  general  farming  business  and  raises  cattle,  horses 
and  hogs. 

At  Spokane,  in  July,  1896,  Mr.  Hadford  married 
Miss  Hannah  F...  daughter  of  Hans  Halverson.  Mr. 
Halverson  was  born  in  Norway  and  his  widow  now 
lives  near  Medical  Lake,  Washington,  on  a  farm.  Mrs. 
Hadford  was  born  in  Iowa,  in  1880  and  has  two  sisters 
and  two  brothers.  Mary  Wick,  Anna  Hadford,  Holver, 
and  John.  Mr.  Hadford  has  two  brothers  on  the  res- 
ervation, Lewis  and  John,  and  two  sisters  in  Sweden, 
Christine  and  Caroline.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hadford,  Celeste,  Glady  G.  and  Claude 
A.  Mr.  Hadford  is  a  Republican  and' takes  an  intel- 
ligent interest  in  political  maters.  In  addition  to  his 
other  labors,  Mr.  Hadford  has  operated  a  threshing 
machine  during  much  of  the  harvest  times  and  is 
a  skillful  hand  in  this  line. 


WARREN  P.  HUNT.  This  well  known  pioneer 
has  made  a  good  record  for  himself  and  wrought  with 
energy  and  sagacity  for  the  development  of  the  country 
since  the  early  sixties,  being  one  of  the  first  who  set- 
tled in  Lewiston.  He  was  born  in  Erie  county,  New 
York,  near  Buffalo,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Diantha 
(Allbee)  Hunt.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  1812,  and  died  in  New  York  in  1896. 
while  the  mother  was  also  a  native  of  the  Bay  state, 
born  in  1814,  and  died  in  1892.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools,  and  went  to  California, 
via  Panama,  arriving  at  Sonora  the  day  he  became 
of  age.  He  mined  for  eight  years  with  indifferent 
success  and  then  went  to  Monterey  county  and  farmed 
for  two  years,  when  he  came  to  Idaho,  landing  in 
Lewiston  in  June,  1862.  He  was  soon  in  Warren  at 
the  mines,  where  he  secured  some  claims  for  himself 
and  then  bought  the  stage  and  express  line  from  Lew- 
iston, which  he  operated  for  about  seven  years.  Sell- 
ing then,  he  was  elected  recorder  and  auditor  of  the 
county,  and  was  also  given  a  second  term,  as  his 
service  was  faithful  and  efficient.  He  was  then  ap- 
pointed postmaster  for  five  years,  then  resigned  the  of- 
fice and  took  preemption  and  timber  claims  and  en- 
gaged in  raising  stock.  He  was  thus  employed  until 
1891,  when  he  sold  one  claim  and  took  up  the  butcher 
business  in  Lewiston  and  Lapwai,  also  buying  and  sell- 


•WARREN  P.  HUNT. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ing  stock.  Mr.  Hunt  continued  in  this  until  1898, 
when  he  retired  from  active  business  to  enjoy  the  fruits 
of  his  industry,  wisdom,  and  thrilt.  He  owns  the 
claim  he  took  in  an  early  day  and  also  some  valuable 
town  property. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Hunt  and  Miss  Olive  C., 
daughter  of  J.  D.  and  Caroline  (Stiles)  Martin,  was 
solemnized  in  1870,  and  they  had  two  children, 
Irene,  deceased,  and  an  infant,  unnamed.  Mr.  Mar- 
tin was  a  miner,  born  in  New  York,  in  1823,  came 
to  California  in  1850,  and  was  assessor  of  Marysville. 
His  wife  was  bonTm  New  York  in  1828.  Mrs.  Hunt 
was  born  in  New  York  on  February  22,  1850,  and 
came  to  California  in  1858  ;  she  has  one  brother  and  one 
sister,  Mortimer  S. ;  Hellens  A.  Leland.  Mr.  Hunt 
has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Clara  Washburn,  and 
Frank.  Mr.  Hunt  is  a  Republican  and  zealous  for 
good  government.  He  cast  his  first  vote  for  Abraham 
Lincoln,  in  California.  Mrs.  Hunt  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church.  Mr.  Hunt  is  a  member  of  the  Pio- 
neers' Association,  and  is  one  of  the  worthy  pioneers 
of  the  county  and  a  reliable,  upright  and  highly  es- 
teemed man. 


SMITH  RUPE.  Perhaps  no  man  in  the  vicinity 
•  of  Chesley  is  better  acquainted  with  the  country 
in  Xez  Perces  and  adjacent  counties  than  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  who  is  a  man  of  integrity  and  substan- 
tial qualities  and  has  made  a  good  home  on  the  land 
acquired  from  the  wilds  of  nature. 

Smith  Rupe  was  born  in  Montgomrey  county,  Vir- 
ginia, on  April  5.  1853,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Catherine  (Carl)  Rupe.  The  father  was  born  in  Ger- 
manv  in  1795  and  died  in  1886.  He  was  a  pioneer  in 
Virginia  and'  the  mountain  districts  of  Kentucky.  He 
was  a  carpenter  and  farmer.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Virginia  in  1814.  and  died  in  1879.  The  family  came 
to  the  mountain  districts  of  Kentucky,  when  Smith  was 
a  small  boy  and  there  he  grew  to  manhood  and  received 
his  educational  training.  In  1882  he  moved  to  Living- 
ston county,  Missouri,  and  there  farmed  for  ten  years, 
doing  well!  His  next  move  was  to  Farmington,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  did  a  thriving  garden  business  until 
the  reservation  opened,  when  he  made  settlement  on  his 
present  place,  two  miles  northeast  from  Chesley.  He 
has  n  well  improved  place  and  a  fine  bunch  of  cattle. 

On  August  30,  1877,  in  Kentucky,  Mr.  Rupe  mar- 
ried Miss  Lizzie,  daughter  of  David  and  Frances 
( Montgomery)  Traylor,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  fa- 
ther enlisted  in  the  Mexican  war,  but  it  closed  before  he 
got  into  action.  He  is  now  deceased,  but  the  mother 
is  still  living.  Mrs.  Rupe  was  born  in  Menifee  county, 
Kentucky,  in  1861  and  has  three  brothers,  James  R., 
George  R.  and  Wiliam  A.  Mr.  Rupe  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Mary  M.,  F.  Marion,  Oscar 
H.  and  John  M.  The  following  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rupe:  Sarah  F.  Simmons,  in 
Chesley :  Louise  J.  McBride,  at  Farmington  ;  Ida  M. 
Herman,  at  Chesley,  Idaho ;  Eva.  Marion,  Lloyd,  and 

ber  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  Melrose,  and  his  wife  is  a 


nember  of  the  Methodist  church.  He  is  a  Democrat 
a  politics  and  is  intelligent  in  the  questions  of  the 
lay.  Mr.  Rupe  does  a  general  farming  business,  raises 
the  cereals  and  stock  and  is  prosperous.  He  is  an  ad- 
vocate of  good  schools  and  a  progressive  and  good 

Mr.  Rupe's  maternal  grandmother  was  captured  by 
the  Indians  and  held  a  prisoner  until  she  made  her 


JAMES  M.  TABER.  Any  compilation  that  has  to 
do  with  the  pioneers  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  adja- 
cent country  cannot  fail  to  make  mention  of  the  genial 
and  affable  gentleman  whose  name  appears  above, 
since  he  is  one  of  the  earliest  settlers ;  his  father  was 
one  of  the  stanch  men  who  came  across  the  plains  with 
ox  teams  and  opened  the  west  for  the  abode  of  man. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  the  details  of  this  ca- 
reer and  we  will  briefly  outline  them.  James  M.  Taber 
was  born  in  Sullivan  county,  Missouri,  on  April  6,  1860, 
being  the  son  of  Tohn  and  Catherine  (Whetstone) 
Taber.  The  father  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1829  and 
died  in  Washington  in  1871.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Illinois  in  1838  and  lives  at  Latah  county.  In  1864 
the  family  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  and  the 
father  bought  land  on  the  Touchet  river,  near  Walla 
Walla.  He  went  to  work  improving  the  property  and 
was  one  of  the  enterprising  men  there  until  his  death. 
Our  subject  and  his  brother  continued  to  handle  the 
farm  until  1878,  and  then  they  sold  out  and  the  family 
went  to  the  Potlatch  country.  Mrs.  Taber  had  mar- 
ried E.  Fix  in  the  meantime.  She  was  the  first  white 
woman  in  the  Potlatch  country  and  they  have  labored 
faithfully  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  country.  James  M. 
took  land  and  farmed  there  until  1892,"  doing  well. 
Then  he  sold  out  and  rented  land  on  the  Nez  Perces 
reservation.  He  continued  there  until  1896,  then  re- 
moved to  Lewiston  for  a  year  to  educate  his  children. 
He  returned  to  the  reservation  and  engaged  as  engi- 
neer at  Mill  No.  i :  he  passed  the  civil  service  examina- 
tion and  could  have  remained  indefinitely.  He  deter- 
mined, however,  to  purchase  a  mill  for  himself  and  ac- 
cordingly bought  his  present  property,  three  miles 
southwest  from  Kippen.  He  has  operated  this  mill  for 
four  years  and  does  well.  He  is  a  good  sawmill  man 
and  has  a  fine  plant. 

On  May  21,  1882,  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr.  Taber 
married  Miss  Addie,  daughter  of  Perry  and  Nancy 
(Sumpter)  Thomas.  The  father  was  a  "freighter  and 
packer  in  Oregon,  being  an  early  pioneer.  He  came 
first  to  Washington  and  Idaho  in  1852.  He  and  his 
wife  were  born  in  Missouri.  Mrs.  Taber  was  born  in 
Walla  Walla  county,  Washington,  in  1866,  and  has 
one  brother  and  one  sister,  Thomas  T.  and  Dora  Taber. 
Mr.  Taber  has  two  brothers.  Lewis  C..  Samuel  S.,  and 
Lillie  Hall  and  Ira  Fix.  a  half-brother  and  sister.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Taber  have  the  following  named  children : 
Lucy  M.  Bailey,  of  Nez  Perces  county  ;  John,  Clarence, 
Lester,  Dorcas',  and  Samuel,  at  home.  Mr.  Taber  is 
a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr.  Taber  has 


378 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


been  justice  of  the  peace;  is  a  Republican 
and  always  labors  for  good  schools.  He  is  a 
man  and  stands  well  in  the  community. 


in  politics 
substantial 


OSCAR  NELSON.  Although  Mr.  Nelson  has 
had  plenty  of  opportunities  to  secure  land  in  other 
places,  still  after  a  long  travel  over  the  country  in  va- 
rious portions,  he  has  never  found  any  place  that  is 
quite  equal  to  the  reservation  portion  of  Nez  Perces 
county.  He  owns  a  valuable  farm  about  -nine  miles 
southeast  from  Peck,  which  he  secured  from  the  wilds 
by  homestead  right  and  has  improved  in  a  fine  manner, 
thus  manifesting  not  only  his  industry  but  wisdom  and 
skill  also.  Oscar  Nelson  was  born  in  the  southern  part 
of  Sweden,  on  July  21,  1874,  being  the  son  of  Peter 
and  Kate  Nelson.  The  father  was  a  jeweler  and 
a  musician.  This  son  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  in 
town,  securing  a  good  education.  In  1891,  he  started 
for  himself,  and  at  once  embarked  for  America.  He 
had  inherited  his  father's  talent  for  music  and  at  that 
youthful  period  had  mastered  seven  instruments.  His 
best  instruments  are  the  fife,  violin  and  accordion. 
When  he  landed  in  New  York,  he  had  only  one  five 
The  passengers  who  had  been  enter- 


cent piece.     The  passengers 
tained  by  his  music  on  the 


age 


ade  up 


and  so  he  started  out  for  the  future.  Coming  to  Fargo, 
North  Dakota,  he  at  once  found  a  position  where  he 
could  earn  his  board  and  tuition  by  his  instruments 
and  so  went  industriously  at  it,  gaining  also  a  good 
knowledge  of  the  English.  In  1892  he  was  in  La- 
grande,  Oregon,  then  cut  wood  in  the  Palouse  and  so 
traveled  around  and  sought  land.  Finally  he  came  to 
the  reservation  in  March,  1896,  having  a  pack  horse. 
He  footed  it  over  the  county  and  finally  selected  the 
homestead  where  he  is  now  dwelling.  He  has  im- 
proved it  in  'good  shape,  has  a  fine  spring  and  his  farm 
produces  abundance  of  grain  and  general  crops.  Mr. 
Nelson  had  the  first  contract  of  carrying  the  mail  from 
Peck  to  Steele.  This  was  before  the  road  was  graded 
up  the  hill  or  bridges  put  across  the  creeks.  It  was 
an  arduous  undertaking  and  some  times  he  was  obliged 
to  pack  on  his  own  back  eighty  pounds  up  the  hill. 
These  were  trying  times,  but  Mr.  Nelson  stood  the 
test  and  to-day  he  has  one  of  the  most  valuable  pieces 
of  land  on  the  reservation,  owes  no  debts,  and  is  en- 
joying the  rewards  of  his  worthy  labor.  During  the 
closing  of  1902  and  the  beginning  of  1903,  Mr.  Nelson 
is  contemplating  a  trip  to  Sweden  to  visit  his  aged 
mother  and  doubtless  much  joy  will  be  his  to  renew 
old  acquaintances  and  live  over  again  the  happy  days 
of  youth.  He  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  in  this  com- 
munity and  has  hosts  of  warm  friends  who  wish  him 
well.  " 


RENNY  J.  BOFFERDING.  It  is  our  pleasure 
to  now  have  the  privilege  to  write  concerning  the  esti- 
mable gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph 
and  who  has  wrought  with  a  strong  hand  and  enter- 
prising ways  in  the  development  of  the  reservation 


country  and  who  now  has  a  fine  farm,  two  and  one- 
half  miles  south  from  Melrose. 

Renny  J.  Bofferding  was  born  in  Minneapolis.  Min- 
nesota, on  November  i,  1864,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Willemena  (Knapper)  Bofferding.  The  father  was 
a  carpenter,  born  in  Luxemburg,  Germany,  came  to 
America  in  1856  and  died  in  1869.  He  was  a  soldier 
in  Germany,  and  was  married  and  had  one  child  before 
coming  to  the  United  States.  His  wife  was  also  born 
in  Germany  and  is  still  living.  When  Renny  was  one 
year  old,  his  parents  went  to  Wisconsin  and  there  his 
father  died  when  this  son  was  five  years  of  age.  The 
older  children  bore  the  expenses  of  the  family  until 
all  were  able  to  go  for  themselves.  In  1881  our  sub- 
ject went  to  Iowa  and  Nebraska  and  engaged  in  rail- 
roading. The  next  year  he  migrated  to  Idaho  and 
continued  railroading' on  the  O.  R.  &  N.,  with  head- 
quarters in  Boise.  Then  he  mined  in  eastern  Oregon, 
doing  well  Then  he  followed  saw  milling  until  1896, 
the  date  when  he  settled  on  his  present  place.  His  farm 
is  well  improved  and  has  an  orchard  of  three  acres, 
while  he  devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and  raising 
hogs  and  horses. 

Mr.  Bofferding  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters:  Anna  Dell,  Emuel,  Louise  Weigle,  Lucy,  and 
Terese,  all  in  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Bofferding 
was  reared  in  the  Catholic  faith.  In  the  fall  of  1902 
he  received  the  nomination  for  county  commissioner  on 
the  Socialistic  ticket.  He  is  an  enthusiastic  member 
of  that  party  and  active  in  promulgating  the  princi- 
ples which  he  believes  applicable  to  the  questions  of 
the  day.  Mr.  Bofferding  has  never  seen  fit  to  retire  ' 
from  the  pleasant  and  quiet  life  of  the  bachelor  and  is 
a  man  who  receives  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who 
know  him. 


FREDERICK  M.  MINERT.  As  a  substan- 
tial and  loyal  citizen,  an  upright  and  intelligent  man, 
a  successful  operator  in  the  sawmill  business  and  a 
good  farmer  and  stockman,  the  subject  of  this  ar- 
ticle is  deserving  of  representation  in  the  history  of 
his  county  and  we  accord  him  such  with  pleasure. 

F.  M.  Minert  was  born  in  Montgomery  county, 
Iowa,  on  January  29,  1862,  being  the  son  "of  lames 
and  Nancy  J.  (McClure)  Minert.  The  father  was 
born  in  Vermillion,  Indiana,  in  1830  and  died  in  1898. 
He  was  a  pioneer  to  Wisconsin  in  1837  and  to  Iowa  in 
1855.  Tne  mother  was  born  in  Johnson  county.  In- 
diana, in  1840.  Her  father,  Thomas  McClure,'  was 
born  in  Kentucky  and  her  mother,  Mary  A.  Wag- 
goner, was  born  in  Virginia  in  1820  and  died  in  Spo- 
kane, October  3,  1902.  Our  subject  grew  to  man- 
hood in  Iowa,  also  gaining  there  his  educational 
training.  When  he  was  twenty-five,  he  determined 
to  see  the  west  and  accordingly  he  came  to  Nebraska, 
the  Dakotas,  Wyoming,  Montana,  working  in  all 
these  places  and  finally,  in  1890,  he  came  to  Latah 
county  and  settled.  He  went  into  the  timber  indus- 
try and  soon  acquired  skill  and  mastered  the  saw- 
milling  industry.  In  the  spring  of  1896  he  came  to 
the  Nez  Perces  country  and  took  his  present  place, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


three  miles  southwest  from  Kippen.  He  bought  an 
interest  in  the  mill  now  owned  by  him  and  Mr.  Taber, 
mention  of  whom  is  made  in  this  volume.  Since  that 
time  he  has  given  his  attention  to  the  improving  of 
his  estate  and  operating  the  mill.  He  assisted  in 
erecting  the  first  mill  put  up  by  white  men  on  the 
reservation. 

On  September  3,  1899,  Mr.  Minert  married  Miss 
Brunettie,  daughter  of  Selby  H.  and  Margaret 
(Thompson)  Kreisher,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Indiana, 
respectively,  and  pioneers  of  Indiana.  Mrs.  Minert 
was  born  i'n  Clinton  county,  Indiana,  on  July  3,  1875, 
and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Lydia  M., 
Zeningles,  William  A.,  Minnie  M.,  deceased,  George, 
Rosa  M.,  Annie  E.,  Selby  D.,  Zelma  L.,  and  Louie, 
Mr.  Minert  has  brothers  and  sisters  narned  as  fol- 
lows :  Henry  T..  deceased,  Anna  E.,  Martha  and  Mary, 
twins,  Louie,  deceased,  Hattie,  deceased,  Horace, 
twin  to  Hattie,  Edward.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Minert  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican. Mr.  Minert's  uncles,  Virgil  and  Miner  Mc- 
Clure  and  John  and  William  Minert  fought  for  their 
country  in  the  Civil  war.  Mrs.  Minert's  father  was 
also  in  the  Civil  war.  Mr.  Minert  is  an  advocate  of 
thorough  and  extended  educational  facilities  and  has 
been  on  the  school  board  since  the  organization  of  the 
district,  being  a  moving  spirit  in  the  organization. 


STAAS  SPEKKER.     This  patriotic    citizen   and 

on  March  4,  1841,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Annie 
(Dresman)  Spekker.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born 
in  Bingusta,  Germany,  in  1800,  and  died  in  1876,  hav- 
ing been  a  prominent  man  and  the  incumbent  of  a 
number  of  public  offices  of  honor.  The  mother  was 
.  born  at  Eppingavcht,  Germany,  in  1810;  her  father 
was  an  officer  in  Germany  and  died  in  1852.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  his  native  country  and  also  learned 
the  English  language  there,  attending  the  agricultural 
college."  He  had  practical  experience  on  a  farm  and 
at  the  time  of  his  majority  he  assumed  charge  of  a 
nobleman's  estate,  which  occupied  him  until  the  time 
of  the  retirement  of  the  nobility  and  then  he  deter- 
mined to  come  to  free  America.  This  journey  was 
taken  at  the  close  of  the  Franco-Prussian  war,  in  1871. 
He  landed  in  Ackley,  Iowa  and  was  employed  for  some 
time  on  a  farm  and  then  came  to  Linn  county,  Oregon, 
taking  charge  of  Judge  Geary's  farm,  where  he  re- 
mained eight  years.  Prosperity  attended  his  industry 
and  thrift  and  then  came  the  "black  rust  which  de- 
stroyed his  crops.  This  led  him  to  eastern  Oregon, 
where  he  established  a  country  hotel  and  stage  on 
Butter  creek.  After  two  years  of  prosperity  he  came 
to  Uniontown  in  Washington,  taking  up  a  homestead, 
which  he  sold  in  1886  for  four  thousand  dollars.  Then 
he  came  to  Nez  Perces  county  and  bought  his  pres- 
ent estate  of  two  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  three  and 
one-half  miles  north  from  Leland. 

While  in  Iowa,  in  1871.  occurred  the  marriage  of 
Mr.  Spekker  and  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Gottlieb  and 


Henriette  (Jacobs)  Latzsch,  who  were  natives  of 
Saxony,  the  father  being  a  contractor.  Airs.  Spekker  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1852.  Mr.  Spekker  has  brothers 
and  sisters  as  follows :  Temmens,  Amos,  Anna,  Heans- 
man,  and  Ida  Mansholt.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Spekker 
have  been  born  the  following  children :  Edwin,  twenty- 
eight  years  of  age  and  well  educated,  now  acting  as 

sor  and  well  educated,  now  acting  as  member  of  school 
board ;  Clay,  at  home ;  Amos,  in  Colorado ;  Arthur,  six- 
teen and  at  home ;  Manon,  fourteen  and  at  home ;  Ida, 
twelve,  at  home ;  Clara,  married  to  Hogo  Valdman.  a 
merchant  in  Lewiston :  Minnie,  Emma,  and  Clarence, 
at  home.  Mr.  Spekker  was  elected  county  assessor 
for  1899  ar>d  1900  on  the  Republican  ticket  and  then 
refused  to  take  office  any  more.  He  was  an  active 
worker  in  his  party  and  a  champion  of  good  govern- 
ment and  good  schools.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sons in  Pendleton  until  his  death,  which  occurred  No- 
vember 6,  1902,  of  paralysis.  The  farm  now  comprises 
about  four  hundred  acres,  all  told,  including  fine  build- 
ings, orchards  and  so  forth.  Mr.  Spekker's  brother 
Amos  was  in  the  Franco-Prussian  war  and  his  health 
was  broken.  Also  two  nephews  fought  in  that  war. 


WALTER  E.  YAGER.  The  success  achieved 
by  this  stirring  young  man  is  evidence  of  his  worth 
and  ability  in  the  agricultural  lines,  while  his  excel- 
lence in  the  sawmilling  business  is  equally  as  signal, 
having  made  himself  an  expert  sawyer  in  following  it 
for  a  number  of  years. 

Walter  E.  Yager  was  born  in  Hancock  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  November  2,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Cornelius 
J.  and  Elizabeth  (Pullian)  Yager.  The  father  was  a 
farmer,  born  in  1844,  in  Illinois,  and  served  under 
General  Sigel  in  the  cavalry  of  the  Civil  war.  His  wife 
was  born  in  Illinois  and  did  in  1875.  Her  parents  were 
Kentuckians  and  pioneers  in  Illinois.  Walter  remained 
in  Illinois,  where  he  gained  his  education,  until  fifteen, 
when  he  came  to  Union  county,  Oregon,  his  father 
having  come  in  1882.  He  at  once  took  up  sawmilling 
and  became  expert  as  a  sawyer.  He  followed  this 
steadily  until  the  reservation  opened  and  in  1896  he 
selected  a  quarter  section  near  Melrose,  and  proved 
up  on  it  on  December  7,  1901,  having  lived  steadily 
there  during  the  intervening  time. 

On  December  31,  1901,  Mr.  Yager  married  Miss 
Lillian,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Lucy  (Palmer)  Goble. 
the  wedding  occurring  at  Lewiston.'  Mr.  Goble  was  a 
wagonmaker,  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1822.  He  settled 
in  Kansas  in  1857,  and  his  daughter.  Xaoma,  was  the 
first  white  child  born  in  Marysville,  Kansas.  In  1862 
they  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  took  land,  and  Mr.  Goble 
and  his  wife  are  still  living.  Mrs.  Goble  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1830.  Mrs.  Yager  was  born  in  Lehigh. 
Utah,  in  1872  and  was  educated  in  Marshall  county. 
Kansas.  She  has  the  following  sisters  and  brothers: 
William,  in  Kansas:  Ophelia,  in  Oregon;  Sarah,  in 
Oklahoma :  Don.  in  Lewiston ;  Anna,  in  Mount  Idaho. 
Mr.  Yager  has  two  half  sisters  and  one  half  brother. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ALEXIS  PICART.  Like  many  of  the  well-to-do 
inhabitants  of  the  reservation  portion 'of  Nez  Perces 
county,  our  subject  came  here  with  very  limited  cap- 
ita! and  the  fine  possessions  that  are  now  his  have  been 
gained  by  his  skill  in  manipulating  the  resources  of 
the  count}'  and  his  industry  in  prosecuting  the  enter- 
prises of  farming  and  stock"  raising.  His  farm  is  eight 
miles  southeast  from  Peck,  is  good  land  and  produces 
under  his  wise  husbandry  bounteous  returns.  Com- 
fortable and  commodious  buildings  are  a  part  of  the 
improvements  and  the  farm  has  an  air  of  thrift  and 
contentment  that  betoken  the  personality  of  the  pro- 
prietor. 

Alexis  Picart  was  born  in  Belgium,  on  April  21, 
1852,  and  there  remained  with  his  parents  on  the  farm, 
attending  school  until  he  was  twenty,  when  he  en- 
listed in  the  regular  army  and  served  as  corporal  one 
year  and  as  sergeant  for  two  years,  being  personally 
acquainted  in  this  time  with  every  town  of  impor- 
tance in  Belgium.  Following  his  military  career,  Mr. 
Picart  returned  to  the  native  place  and  on  March  9, 
1879,  he  married  Miss  Adle  Thomson,  a  native  of  Bel- 
gium and  a  dressmaker.  In  1884,  they  took  passage 
on  the  steamer  Paris,  and  went  via  Bordeaux,  France, 
to  New  Orleans,  being  eighteen  days  on  the  ocean. 
Thence  they  made  their  way  to  San  Antonio,  Texas, 
and  later  settled  in  Seguin.  where  they  remained  until 
1888.  Then  a  journey  was  made  to  Los  Angeles, 
whence  they  went  to  Kern  county,  California,  and  in 
1890  we  find  them  in  San  Francisco,  following  which 
they  were  in  numerous  places  in  the  northwest  coun- 
try' In  the  spring  of  1896  Mr.  Picart  came  to  his 
present  place,  filed  a  homestead  right  and  has  dwelt 
here  since.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  Picart 
and  his  faithful  wife,  Virginia,  wife  of  Charles  Hutch- 
ins  :  Mary ;  Augusta,  born  in  Texas ;  August,  born  in 
Kern  county,  California.  The  two  oldest  children  were 
born  in  Belgium.  Mr.  Picart  is  a  man  of  excellent  judg- 
ment and  business  ability,  while  his  walk  manifests  in- 
tegrity and  uprightness,  which  have  commended  him 
to  the  good  will  and  esteem  of  his  fellows. 


MAJOR  J.  STEELE.     The  subject  of  this  article 
was  one  of  the  first  settlers  on  the  Central  ridge  and 

in  the  county.  He  owns  two  hundred  and  forty  acres 
of  well  tilled  and  fertile  land,  all  improved  in  good 
shape  with  fences,  orchard,  commodious  barns  and 
out  buildings,  while  the  modern  ten-room  residence  is 
a  structure  of  beauty  and  one  of  the  best  in  the  county. 


Much  credit  is  due  Mr.  Steele  for  the  energy  and  push 
manifested  in  developing  the  country  and  he  is  a  lead- 
ing citizen  to-day.  His  parents,  William  M.  and  Nancy 
(Wallis)  Steele.  were  early  pioneers  of  Missouri  and 
the  father  is  living  in  Moberly  now,  aged  eighty-four. 
He  has  been  in  the  state  seventy-two  years  and  for 
thirty-four  farmed  near  Moberly.  He  was  born  De- 
cember 30,  1819,  near  Lexington,  Kentucky.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  1822,  in  the  Blue 
mountains  and  came  to  Howard  county,  Missouri,  with 
her  parents  in  1830.  She  was  married  in  1840  and  in 
185.3  they  removed  to  Randolph  county,  where  our 
subject  was  born  on  January  13,  1856.'  His  mother 
died  on  August  28,  1873,  having  been  the  mother  of 
nine  children,  five  of  whom  are  living.  Our  subject 
grew  to  be  twenty  in  the  native  place,  having  received 
a  common  schooling  and  then  he  entered  Mount  Pleas- 
ant College  and  one  year  later  began  teaching.  Follow- 
ing a  period  at  this,  he  entered  the  State  Normal  School, 
taking  a  two  years'  course.  This  was  at  Kirksville, 
Missouri.  He'followed  the  calling  of  the  educator  for 
a  number  of  years,  then  took  the  management  of  a 
wholesale  lumber  company  in  Kansas  City.  On  account 
of  failing  health  in  subsequent  years,  he  was  forced  to 
abandon  this  labor  and  in  1892  came  west.  He  bought 
the  paper  afterward  known  as  the  Times-Democrat, 
which  he  operated  in  Moscow  for  a  time  and  then 
sold.  Then  farming  occupied  Mr.  Steele  until  1895. 
The  year  previous  to  this  he  was  nominated  by 
the  fnsionist  party  as  state  superintendent  of  instruc- 
tion, but  suffered 'defeat  with  the  rest,  although  he  was 
ahead  of  the  ticket.  In  March,  1896,  Mr.  Steele  loca- 
ted the  present  estate,  which  has  been  increased  by 
purchase  to  two  hundred  and  forty  acres. 

On  April  10.  1890,  Mr.  Steele  married  Miss  Cora 
II,  daughter  of  Josephns  and  Jennie  Lentz,  in  Rich- 
mond, Missouri.  Two  children  were  born  to  this 
happy  union,  but  both  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lentz  were  early  pioneers  in  Ray  county,  Missouri. 
Mr.  Steele  has  done  a  commendable  labor  in  upbuilding 
and  developing  this  section  of  the  country  and  he  is 
marked  by  a  progressive  energy  and  a  public  spirit  that 
stamp  him  a  real  leader. 


WILLIAM  FORD.  In  the  industrial  world,  Air. 
Ford  has  gained  a  good  success,  having  a  fine  saw 
mill  one  half  mile  west  from  Kippen,  where  he  does  a 
good  business.  In  addition  to  this  he  has  a  quarter 
section  of  fertile  land  and  does  a  general  farming  bus- 
iness and  in  connection  with  his  son,  who  owns  a 
quarter  of  land  also,  raises  cattle,  having  good  success 
in  all  these  undertakings,  because  of  his  thrift,  skill 
and  sagacity. 

William'  Ford  was  born  in  Carroll,  Penobscot 
county,  Maine,  on  September  28,  1850,  being  the  son 
of  Charles  and  Philoma  (McKinny)  Ford.  The  father, 
who  was  a  blacksmith  and  farmer,  was  born  in  Maine  in 
1810.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Minnesota  and  died  there 
in  1876.  The  mother  was  born  in  Maine  also,  in 
1815  and  in  1889  she  passed  from  this  earth.  The 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


family  came  to  Minnesota  when  William  was  two  years 
old.  They  settled  in  Minneapolis  and  the  father 
wrought  at  his  trade.  Three  years  later  they  removed 
to  Anoka,  where  the  father  took  land  and  there 
wrought  at  his  trade  also.  Our  subject  worked  with 
his  father,  attended  school  and  by  the  time  of  his  ma- 
jority had  mastered  in  a  skillful  manner  the  king  of 
all  trades.  Then  he  went  to  do  for  himself  and  in  ad- 
dition to  working  at  blacksmithing  took  up  lumbering 
and  became  thoroughly  acquainted  with  this  business 
throughout.  He  remained  in  Minnesota  until  1891, 
then  he  came  west  and  sought  out  a  place.  He  located 
near  Tyler,  in  Washington,  and  his  family  came  to 
him.  Three  years  were  spent  there  and  when  the  Nez 
Perces  reservation  opened  up  he  came  hither  and  took 
up  his  present  farm  as  a  homestead.  Between  the  time 
of  his  residence  at  Tyler  and  his  coming  to  Xez  Perces 
county  he  had  spent  two  years  near  Colfax. 

On  July  27,  1876,  Mr.  Ford  married  Miss  Eliz- 
abeth J.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Angeline  (Caroth- 
ers)  Hull.  The  father,  a  farmer,  was  born  in  Ohio 
in  1834.  The  mother  was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1840, 
and  died  in  October,  1891.  Mrs.  Ford  was  born 
in  Richland  county,  Wisconsin,  in  October,  1858. 
Her  parents  were  pioneers  to  that  county  and 
her  grandfather  Carothers  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  Wisconsin.  Mrs.  Ford  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  John  R.,  in  Minnesota;  James 
E..  in  Washington;  Li'llie,  now  Mrs.  Z.  M.  Powell; 
Delia  Gilispie ;  Gertrude ;  Eugene.  Mr.  Ford  has  broth- 
ers and  sisters  as  follows:  Philoma  Varney,  at  Co- 
quille,  Oregon ;  Ruth  Demorest,  in  Kippen ;  Charles,  at 
Grand  Junction,  Colorado,  and  was  wounded  in  the 
Civil  war,  where  he  served ;  Frank,  in  Minnesota.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ford  there  have  been  born  five  children, 
Bernard  M.,  living  adjoining  his  father's  farm  and  in- 
terested in  the  mill  business  with  his  father ;  Effie,  Clair 
H.,  Hugh  and  Cecil,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Ford  is  a  Re- 
publican and  takes  a  great  interest  in  having  good  gov- 
ernment and  good  schools.  Mrs.  Ford's  father  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Civil  war,  being  in  the  Eleventh  Wis- 


JOHN  W.  KELT.  Two  miles  south  from  Melrose 
is  the  home  place  of  Mr:  Kelt.  It  consists  of  a  fine 
quarter  of  land  that  he  secured  from  the  government 
by  his  homestead  right  and  which  he  has  transformed 
from  the  wilderness  of  nature  to  a  fertile  and  productive 
farm,  supplied  with  comfortable  buildings  and  a  good 
orchard.  Mr.  Helt  is  personally  a  man  of  good 
qualities,  industrious  and  progressive.  He  was  born  in 
Dubuque,  Iowa,  on  July  2,  1869,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Margaret  (Cahill)'Helt.  The  father  was  a  cooper, 
born  in  Germany  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  an 
early  day.  The  mother  died  when  John  was  four 
years  old.  He  then  went  to  live  with  John  J.  Mc- 
Namara.  in  Jones  county,  Iowa.  This  man  was 
a  brother  to  the  well'  known  Bill  McNamara, 
who  built  one  of  the  finest  blocks  in  Butte, 
Montana.  Mr.  Helt  was  one  of  the  family  and  re- 
ceived equally  good  treatment  from  his  foster  parents 


as  did  their  own  children  and  he  remained  contented 
with  them  until  he  was  twenty-one.  Then  he  began 
doing  for  himself  and  in  1896  he  made  his  way  to  the 
reservation  and  took  his  present  place.  He  has  devoted 
himself  to  its  culture  and  improvement  and  the  result  is 
that  he  is  prosperous. 

On  January  i,  1896,  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  Mr.  Helt 
married  Miss  Georgianna,  daughter  of  George  andCelia 
(Brown)  Pitts.  Mr.  Pitts  was  born  in  Otisco,  New 
York,  in  1838  and  died  in  1888.  He  was  a  soldier, 
serving  in  Company  F,  First  Michigan  of  Engineers 
and  Mechanics,  where  he  enlisted  under  Sherman  and 
went  to  the  sea.  Captain  Bilton  and  Colonel  Evans 
were  his  immediate  commanders.  His  wife  was  born 
in  Cortlancl  county,  New  York,  her  folks  being  pioneers 
from  Massachusetts.  Mrs.  Helt  was  born  in  Flower- 
field,  Michigan,  in  1876,  gained  a  good  education  in 
the  University  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  taught  for  a 
few  years  previous  to  her  marriage.  She  was  an  only 
child.  Mrs.  Helt  has  the  distinction  of  carrying  the 
first  mail  in  the  Melrose  section,  handling  a  pony  route 
twice  a  week  from  Beeman,  before  there  was  any  Mel- 
rose. At  first  they  went  twenty-five  miles  to  Juliaetta 
for  mail.  Mr.  Helt  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters :  Edward,  Mary  E.,  Fannie,  Rosa  and  Jessie.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Helt.  Mary 
Ellen  and  John  E.  Mr.  Helt  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  also  of  the  Masonic  order.  He  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  has  been  director  in  the  school  matters  and 
is  zealous  in  his  endeavors  for  good  schools.  He  is  a 
man  of  stanch  character  and  stands  for  the  develop- 
ment and  progress  of  the  country. 


THOMAS  J.  BURNS.  This  prominent  citizen  of 
Nez  Perces  county  is  the  vice  president  of  the  Pioneer's 
Association  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  prosper- 
on  farmers  and  stockmen  three  and  one-half  miles 
south  from  Kippen,  in  this  county.  When  the  great 
excitement  of  the  gold  discovery  in  California  spread 
like  wild  fire  over  the  land  in  the  memorable  year  of 
forty-nine,  our  subject  was  an  infant,  having  been 
born  on  May  6  of  that  year,  being  the  son  of  Francis 
and  Mary  (Clarcey)  Burns,  natives  of  Ireland,  the  fa- 
ther being  born  in  1815  and  dying  in  1899.  The  mother 
was  taken  from  this  life  in  1853.  Thomas  J.  was  born  in 
Livingston  county,  New  York,  and  in  1852  the  parents 
came  to  Fond  du  Lac  county,  Wisconsin,  being  pio- 
neers there.  Our  subject  received  his  education  there 
and  labored  with  his  father  until  he  was  twenty-four, 
at  which  time  he  got  married  and  started  for  himself. 
He  farmed  for  six  years,  then  came  to  the  west,  taking 
a  position  as  car  foreman  for  the  O.,  R.  &  N.  He 
wrought  at  The  Dalles,  Tekoa.  Albino,  and  Riparia. 

the  opening  of  the  Nez  Perces  reservation,  he  came  and 
secured  the  place  where  he  now  lives.  It  is  a  fine  piece 
of  land  and  contains  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres, 
is  well  tilled  and  improved  in  a  becoming  manner.  Mr. 
Burns  raises  stock,  cattle,  hogs  and  horses,  and  does 


382 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  September  23.  1873,  Mr.  Burns  married  Miss 
Annie,  daughter  of  Lewis  and  Mary  (Ader)  Fillers, 
natives  of  Belgium  and  Germany,  respectively.  Mrs. 
Burns  was  born  in  Pnnsylvania,  in  1855,  and  has  five 
sisters  and  two  brothers.  Mr.  Burns  has  one  brother, 
John,  living  at  Pomeroy,  Washington.  To  this  worthy 
couple  there  have  been  born  eight  children,  named  as 
follows:  William,  Frank.  Rosella,  Emma,  Charles, 
Mark,  Monica  and  John,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Burns  and 
his  family  affiliate  with  the  Catholic  church.  In  po- 
litical matters,  he  holds  with  the  Democrats  and  takes 
a  deep  interest  "in  politics,  and  is  frequently  a  potent 
factor  in  the  conventions.  Mr.  Burns  always  labors 
for  good  schools  and  is  a  director  in  his  district. 


THOMAS  B.  BEALL.  No  compilation  which  en- 
deavors to  outline  the  careers  of  the  pioneers  would  be 
complete  were  there  omission  of  the  gentleman  whose 
name  heads  this  article ;  therefore  we  accord  him  rep- 
resentation in  this  place  as  one  of  the  real  builders  of 
the  west,  being-  especially  conversant  with  its  history, 
and  a  participant  in  the  leading  actions  that  form  the 
chief  items  of  its  history.  Personally,  Mr.  Beall  is  a 
man  of  fine  intellectual  powers,  well  educated,  con- 
versant with  the  affairs  of  the  day  and  dominated  by 
integritv  and  principles  of  uprightness,  being  highly 
esteemed  by  all  and  his  name  deserves  to  be  among  the 
very  leaders  of  this  northwestern  country. 

Thomas  B.  Beall  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
on  December  28,  1834,  being  the  son  of  Colonel  Benja- 
min L.  and  Elizabeth  (Taylor)  Beall.  His  father  was 
a  commander  in  the  United  States  army,  and  was 
born  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1802.  He  "was  a  grad- 
uate of  the  military  academy  at  West  Point,  acted  as 
lieutenant  in  the  Florida  war  and  a  major  in  the  Mex- 
ican war.  During  the  Civil  war  he  acted  as  mustering 
officer  until  his  death  in  September,  1863.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Alexandria,  Virginia,  in  1802  and  died  De- 
cember 25,  1899,  being  the  daughter  of  George  Taylor, 
a  merchant  in  Alexandria.  Our  subject  remained  with 
his  parents  until  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age  and  was 
finely  educated  in  William  Jewell's  College  in  Mis- 
souri, at  the  Chapel  Hill  College  in  Lafayette  county, 
Missouri,  at  the  State  University  of  Missouri,  arid  at 
the  University  of  the  state  of  Illinois.  His  father  was 
commander  at  Fort  Leavenworth  for  many  years,  be- 
ing there  from  1846  to  1854.  He  built  Fort  Tejon,  in 
Los  Angeles  county,  California,  and  commanded  at 
Vancouver  in  the  department  of  the  Columbia.  Our 

employ  of  the  goernment,  being  but  nineteen.  He  built 
Lapwai  under  A.  J.  Cain,  agent,  in  1860,  and  re- 
mained with  the  government  until  1861.  He  owned  a 
ferry  at  the  mouth  of  the  Potlatch  and  on  the  Clear- 
water  for  years.  He  mined  in  British  Columbia  and 
in  Montana  and  took  up  his  present  place  in  1900.  His 
brothers  and  sisters  are  Lloyd,  in  the  regular  army  for 
years;  George,  born  at  St.  Louis,  and  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  army ;  Alexander,  deceased ;  Alfred, 


county  surveyor  of  Nez  Perces  county,  also  civil  engi- 
neer on  N.  P.  and  U.  P.  railroads  for  years,  now  dead ; 
Virginia,  deceased;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Theodrick 
Porter,  a  brother  of  Admiral  David  Porter,  but  she 
is  now  dead;  Fanny,  died  at  Port  Point.  Mr.  Beall 
is  a  Democrat  and  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  for 
years  and  is  active  in  politics.  He  is  affiliated  with  the 
K.  of  P.  in  Dayton,  Washington. 

It  is  of  great  interest  that  Mr.  Beall  was  in  the 
famous  battle  of  Steptoe  Butte  and  a  few  reminiscences 
are  quite  in  place.  The  government  was  sending  a 
party  to  locate  a  north  parallel  at  that  time  and  Colonel 
Steptoe  was  ordered  to  look  out  a  site  for  a  fort  near 
the  line.  The  expedition  left  Walla  Walla  on  May  3, 
1858,  crossed  the  Snake  river  and  got  to  about  where 
the  town  of  Spangle  is  now  located  and  the  Indians 
called  them  to  halt.  Colonel  Steptoe  seeing  the  odds 
so  great  against  him,  determined  to  return  to  Walla 
Walla,  and  they  had  gotten  as  far  back  as  the  vicinity 
of  Rosalia,  when  Chief  Saltese  came  for  a  conference 
and  Father  Joset  was  interpreter  for  the  Indians.  A 
Nez  Perce  Indian  struck  Saltese  with  a  club  in  this 
interview  and  it  ceased.  The  Indians  fired  on  the  de- 
tachment and  as  our  subject  was  in  charge  of  the  pack 
train  and  in  a  gulch,  the  work  of  getting  away  was 
difficult.  But  he  succeeded  with  some  others  in  getting 
with  Chief  Timothy  of  the  Nez  Perces,  and  so  es- 
caped. Mr.  Beall  declares  that  Saltese  was  not  of  as 
good  intentions  as  is  supposed,  as  he  was  seen  to  fire 
and  afterwards  was  found  with  Lieutenant  Gaston's 
clothes  on.  Chief  Timothy,  however,  who  was  guide 
to  the  whites,  he  believes  to  have  been  actuated  by  gen- 
uine friendship. 

The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject,  Colonel 
Lloyd  Beall,  was  in  command  of  Fort  McHenry,  in  the 
war  of  1812  when  the  British  fired  on  the  fort."  It  was 
this  incident  that  inspired  Francis  S.  Key  to  write  the 
famous  Star  Spangled  Banner. 


ANDREW  SETLOW.  Among  the  industrious 
and  thrifty  men  who  are  laboring  to  develop  the  reser- 
vation country  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article.  Mr.  Setlow  is  a  man  of  good  habits 
and  principles,  has  shown  skill  and  wisdom  in  his 
labors  and  has  won  the  esteem  of  his  fellows.  His 
farm  is  located  five  miles  southeast  from  Peck,  con- 
sists of  a  quarter  section,  provided  with  good  build- 
ings, a  seven  room  residence  and  a  good  orchard.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Seventh-day  Adventist 
church  and  he  is  a  stanch  supporter  of  his  faith. 

Andrew  Setlow  was  born  in  the  central  part  of 
Sweden,  on  February  24,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Erick 
and  Anna  B.  Setlow,  also  natives  of  that  country.  He 
was  educated  there,  learned  the  carpenter  trade,  and 
also  received  training  in  the  regular  army  of  Sweden. 
In  1881  he  determined  to  try  the  United  States  and 
soon  was  in  New  York,  whence  he  went  to  Pepin  coun- 
ty, Wisconsin,  and  then  to  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and 
Brainard,  Minnesota,  where  he  labored  for  two  years 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


38.3 


and  then  returned  to  Sweden  with  the  intention  of  set- 
tling there.  But  two  years  in  this  country  spoiled  life 

« there  and  so  he  returned  to  Minnesota  and  wrought  at 
his  trade  in  different  places.  In  the  fall  of  1886,  at 
St.  Paul,  he  married  Miss  Bertha  Bolander,  a  native  of 
Sweden,  but  an  immigrant  to  the  United  States  in  1882. 
To  this  happy  union  there  have  been  born  five  children, 
Mabel  R.,  Albert  B.,  Nellie  G.,  John  C.  and  Charles 
R.  In  1891  Mr.  Setlow  came  with  his  family  to  Mos- 
cow and  there  followed  his  trade  and  built  him  a  home. 

.  In  1894  he  went  to  Boulder  creek  and  four  years  later 
he  came  to  his  present  place,  which  he  purchased. 
Since  that  time  Mr.  Setlow  has  been  known  as  one  of 
the  substantial  men  and  public  minded  citizens  of  this 
section  and  he  stands  well  today. 


JOHN  M.  McGEE  is  an  enterprising  and  thrifty 
farmer  and  stockman  in  the  vicinity  of  Steele,  in  Nez 
Perces  county.  He  selected  a  fine  piece  of  land  in 
1896  and  since  that  time  has  bestowed  his  labors  in 
a  commendable  manner,  making  it  now  one  of  the 
best  farms  of  the  section.  He  was  one  of  the  real 
pioneers  in  this  region,  his  wife  being  the  first  white 
woman  on  Central  ridge  for  a  number  of  months.  Mr. 
McGee  makes  a  specialty  of  good  stock,  cattle,  hogs 
and  horses  and  feeds  all  his  farm  products  to  them. 

Mr.  McGee  was  born  in  Taney  county,  Missouri, 
on  January  18,  1867,  being  the  son  of  John  O.  and 
Samantha'(  Friend)  McGee.  The  father  was  a  far- 
mer, born  in  Tennessee  in  1837,  and  now  lives  in  Ok- 
lahoma. He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Union  army  for 
four  years  and  received  a  wound  at  the  battle  of 
Pea  Ridge.  The  mother  was  born  in  Missouri  and 
is  still  living.  The  family  came  to  Iowa  when  John 
M.  was  small,  and  thence  they  went  to  Nodaway 
county.  Missouri.  There  the  subject  of  this  article 
was  educated  and  remained  until  thirteen.  The  fam- 
ily then  went  to  Cloud  county,  Kansas,  where  the 
father  bought  land.  When  fifteen  John  M.  started  on 
life's  pilgrimage  for  himself.  First  he  went  to  Solo- 
mon City  and  worked  at  various  callings  and  next  we 
see  him  in  Beatrice,  Nebraska,  railroading.  From 
this  he  went  on  a  trip  through  western  Kansas  and 
Nebraska  and  into  Colorado.  Then  he  returned  to 
Nodaway  county.  After  a  visit  he  came  to  Waits- 
burg,  in  Washington,  also  staying  in  Walla  Walla. 
He  railroaded  on  the  Hunt  system,  then  went  to  the 
sound  with  an  outfit  of  mules  for  Mr.  Hunt.  He  came 
back  to  Huntsville,  got  married  and  settled  down  to 
farming  and  one  year  later  removed  to  the  Potlatch 
country.  He  remained  there  until  February,  1896, 
when  he  came  to  his  present  place. 

At  Dayton.  Washington,  in  1891,  Mr.  McGee 
married  Miss  Mattie.  daughter  of  Jackson  and  Lu- 
cinda  ( Walters)  McKay.  The  parents  are  farmers  at 
Huntsville  and  are  both  living.  Mrs.  McGee  was  born 
in  western  Kansas,  in  1870  and  has  one  brother  and 
<.ne  ,-ister,  Ella  B.  Pearson,  in  Cottonwood,  this  coun- 
ty ;  Allie  William.  Mr.  McGee  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters,  Martin,  in  Oklahoma; 


Anna  Green,  also  in  Oklahoma;  James,  in  Ncz  Per- 
ces county;  Reason,  Monroe,  May,  all  three  in 
Oklahoma.  Mr.  and  Mrs  McGee  have  three 
children:  Maria,  deceased;  Thelma,  Ada  Myers, 
the  last  one  is  an  adopted  child.  Mr.  McGee  is  an  ac- 
tive Republican  and  often  is  committee  man  and  holds 
other  influential  positions.  He  is  general  manager  and 
stockholder  of  the  Cooperative  Telephone  Company; 
being  the  prime  mover  in  barb  wire  telephoning  in 
this  county.  Mr.  McGee  has  donated  much  for  good 
roads  and  schools,  being  an  advocate  for  these  things. 
He  has  been  road  overseer  and  built  the  Peck  grade 
on  Central  Ridge. 


ALBERT  MUSTOE  is  an  enterprising  young 
farmer  and  carpenter  dwelling  about  two  miles  north- 
east from  Chesley,  having  taken  his  land  from  the 
wildness  of  nature  and  improved  it  so  that  it  is  a  pleas- 
ant and  valuable  place. 

Albert  Mustoe  was  born  in  Adair  county,  Missouri, 
on  March  28,  1875,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Martha 
(Heuett)  Mustoe,  mention  of  whom  is  made  in  an- 
other portion  of  this  work.  He  grew  to  manhood  in 
his  native  county  and  there  received  his  education.  In 
1891  the  father  came  to  Tekoa,  Washington,  on  ac- 
count of  his  health,  and  the  next  year  our  subject  and 
his  mother  came  also.  Albert  remained  in  that  section 
of  the  country  until  the  spring  of  1896,  when  he  came 
and  took  as  homestead  the  eighty  acres  where  he  now 
lives.  He  erected  a  house  in  the  fall  and  then  worked 
in  various  places  and  when  he  had  gained  a  sufficient 
start,  came  and  dwelt  steadily  on  the  farm,  which  he 
has  improved  in  good  shape.  He  has  a  fine  orchard, 
raises  cattle  and  also  breeds  excellent  Poland  China 
hogs.  He  is  successful  in  this  and  has  some  good  spec- 
imens. 

On  October  30,  1895,  in  Tekoa,  Washington,  Mr. 
Mustoe  married  Miss  Anona,  daughter  of  Alfred  and 
Elizabeth  Walker.  The  father,  a  carpenter,  born  in 
Illinois  in  1852,  was  a  pioneer  in  the  vicinity  of  To- 
peka,  Kansas,  then  migrated  to  California,  and  in  1882 
he  settled  in  the  Palouse  country.  His  wife  was  born 
in  Sanford,  Ontario.  Mrs.  Mustoe  was  born  in  Shaw- 
nee  county,  Kansas,  on  November  7,  1876,  and  was 
well  educated.  She  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister, 
Fountain,  Minnettie  Thompson,  and  Jesse.  Mr.  Mus- 
oe  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  Loretta  Page  Dora 
Wilson  and  William,  all  in  this  county.  Ruth  M..  a 
iright  girl,  born  on  May  24,  1897.  is  the  fruit  of  the 
appy  marriage  of  our  subject.  Politically  Mr.  Mustoe 
s  a  Democrat  and  is  actively  interested  in  the  welfare 
f  the  community  and  in  questions  of  general  import. 
,lrs.  .Mustoe  has  been  clerk  of  election  for  a  number 
f  years. 


MICHAEL  KOUNI.  To  this  industrious  and 
vise  farmer  have  come  the  emoluments  of  honest  toil 
ml  good  management  in  financial  affairs  and  he  is 
me  of  the  most  prosperous  men  of  the  section  where 
he  resides.  Mr.  Kouni  has  an  excellent  farm,  very 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


fertile  land  and  well  tilled.  It  lies  two  miles  south- 
east from  Peck  and  was  taken  by  him  as  a  homestead. 

Michael  Kouni  was  born  in  Switzerland,  on  Feb- 
ruary 5,  1863,  opening  his  eyes  in  the  presence  of 
everlasting  snows  of  the  Alps  and  for  three  years  he 
breathed  the  pure  air  of  free  Switzerland.  In  1866 
his  parents,  Mathias  and  Mariah  Kouni,  came  to 
Peoria,  Illinois,  and  there  the  father  wrought  in  the 
coal  mines  until  1869,  when  they  all  went  to  Marshall 
county,  Kansas,  and  there  the  father  took  a  homestead 
where  he  dwells  at  the  present  time.  The  mother  died 
in  1892.  Our  subject  spent  the  years  of  his  child- 
hood, gaining  his  education  from  the  common  schools 
and  learning  the  ways  of  excellent  farming  from  an 
industrious  and  thrifty  father.  In  1885  Michael 
stepped  forth  into  the  world  for  himself  and  journeyed 
to  Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  where  he  dealt  in  stock,  buy- 
ing and  shiping  horses  to  the  east.  In  1887  he  made 
his  way  to  Moscow  and  engaged  in  the  nursery  busi- 
ness, operating  the  Mix  nursery  until  1891.  Then  a 
move  was  made  to  Kendrick  and  Mr.  Kouni  operated 
a  nursery  for  himself  until  1897.  That  was  the  year 
when  he  came  to  the  reservation  and  bought  the  re- 
hnquishment  of  the  place  he  now  owns  and  here  he 
has  bestowed  his  labors  since  that  time.  He  has  the 
farm  well  under  cultivation,  owns  a  commodious 
barn,  a  good  house  and  in  addition  to  the  general 
products  of  the  farm  Mr.  Kouni  raises  hogs  and  hors- 
es and  is  operating  a  nursery.  He  is  a  thrifty  and  in- 
dustrious man,  well  esteemed  by  his  neighbors  and  a 
good  citizen. 

On  December  25,  1902,  Mr.  .Kouni  was  married 
to  Miss  Nancy  Bell  Goalder,  daughter  of  Ward  and 
Mary  (Wilcox)  Goalder,  natives  of  Kentucky  and 
now  residents  of  Adams  county,  Washington.  Mr. 
Goalder  lives  near  Lind.  Mrs.  Goalder  died  March 
28,  1892.  Mrs.  Kouni  has  the  following  named  broth- 
ers and  sisters:  Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Gray,  Benj.  W. 
Goalder,  M.  P.,  and  Eclw.  G. 


SWEN  I.  SWENSON..  All  honor  is  given  to 
those  who  have  done  the  herculean  task  of  opening 
the  wild  countries  for  settlement.  Among  the 
worthy  pioneers  of  the  reservation  portion  of  Nez 

gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article. 
He  came  here  in  1896  and  took  a  homestead  to  which 
he  could  not  come  with  a  wagon.  The  wife  and  chil- 
dren had  to  walk  up  the  hill,  which  is  two  thousand 
feet  above  the  Clearwater,  while  Mr.  Swensen  pulled 
the  cook  stove  on  the  front  wheels  of  his  wagon.  He 
built  a  small  log  cabin,  got  the  family  settled  and 
then  went  to  work  in  the  harvest  fields  to  get  bread. 
Mr.  Swensen  has  been  a  great  worker  and  has  a  fine 
farm,  now  all  under  cultivation,  except  the  timber  lot, 
while  good  buildings  and  improvements,  as  fences, 
orchard  and  all  implements  for  use,  testify  strongly 
his  industry  and  great  excellence  in  labors. 

Swen  I.  Swenson  was  born  in  central  Norway,  on 
August  18,  1863,  and  his  parents,  Iver  and  Ingri 


Swenson,  were  natives  of  the  same  place.  The  fami- 
ly came  to  the  United  States  in  June,  1866,  and  soon 
they  were  settled  in  LaCrosse,  Wisconsin.  In  1868  , 
they  went  to  Swift  county,  Minnesota,  and  there  Swen 
grew  to  manhood,  receiving  his  education,  and  there 
also,  on  November  21,  1887,  he  married  Olive,  daugh- 
ter of  Helge  and  Ingeborg  Hillerud,  natives  of  Nor- 
way, and  who  lived  then,  in  Kandiyohi  county,  Min- 
nesota, where  Mrs.  Swenson  was  born,  on  May  21, 
1869.  In  1890  Mr.  Swenson  came  with  his  family  to 
Latah  county  and  there  worked  for  a  salary  until 
February,  1896,  the  time  that  he  came  to  his  present 
place.  He  was  one  of  the  very  first  settlers  on  Cen- 
tral ridge,  and  since  that  time  has  labored  inces- 
santly for  progress  and  improvement.  Seven  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  home:  Helmar  I.,  born 
June  22,  1888;  Stener,  born  May  31,  1890;  Emil  and 
Julius,  twins,  born  April  8,  1893,  and  died  December 
9,  1899,  and  May  29,  1894,  respectively;  Simon  O., 
born  April  28,  1895;  Julius,  born  May  26,  1897;  Emil 
Joseph,  born  October  27,  1899.  On  February  22, 
1901,  Mr.  Swenson  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of 
his  wife,  consumption  being  the  dread  disease  that 
took  her  away.  Mr.  Swenson  has  six  brothers  and 
two  sisters,  he  being  the  oldest  of  the  family.  The 
youngest  sister,  who  is  also  the  youngest  member  of 
the  family,  is  now  keeping  house  for  Mr.  Swenson. 
Mr.  Swenson's  parents  are  now  living  in  Latah 


REUBEN  ROGERS.  Four  miles  southeast 
from  Peck,  on  the  Central  Ridge  wagon  road,  one 
comes  to  the  pleasant  home  place  of  Mr.  Rogers.  The 
estate  consists  of  a  fine  quarter  section  of  fertile  land, 
which  was  taken  by  Mr.  Rogers  as  a  homestead  from 
the  wild  country.  He  has  bestowed  his  labors  with 
such  wisdom  and  industry  that  it  is  now  one  of  the 
finest  farms  of  the  vicinity  and  a  standing  evidence 
of  his  thrift  and  progressiveness.  The  residence  is  a 
seven-room  structure  of  modern  design,  while  a  large 
and  substantial  barn  with  outbuildings  to  match  and 
all  fences  and  so  forth  needed  are  other  evidences  of 
the  prosperity  and  emoluments  of  industry. 

Reuben  Rogers  was  born  in  Allegany  county.  New 
York,  on  December  30,  1844,  where  also  his  parents, 
Orton  and  Jerutia  (Hadsell)  Rogers  were  born  in 
1815  and  1827,  respectively.  Reuben's  grandfather, 
Stephen  Rogers,  was  born  in  Connecticut,  on  May 
12,  1786,  and  died  in  1888,  aged  one  hundred  and  two 
years,  a  remarkable  length  of  life.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  powers  and  of  considerable  prominence  in  his 
place.  He  fought  in  the  war  of  1812  and  was  always 
a  staunch  supporter  of  the  government.  For  sixty- 
seven  years  he  dwelt  on  one  farm,  then  in  1870  sold 
it  and  bought  another  two  miles  distant,  where  he  re- 
sided until  his  death.  He  never  would  trust  himself 

old  home  in  New  York  to  Adams  county,  Wisconsin, 
by  private  conveyance  rather  than  ride  on  the  steam 

Reverting  again  more  particularly  to  our  subject, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


we  note  that  he  grew  to  manhood  on  the  farm,  re- 
ceived his  education  from  the  common  schools  and 
on  October  13,  1864,  he  married  Miss  Mary  L., 
daughter  of  Moses  and  Martha  (Putney)  Black,  na- 
tives also  of  New  York.  Mrs.  Rogers  was  born  in 
Allegany  county,  on  February  15,  1840.  Mr.  Rogers 
enlisted  three  different  times  in  the  war  of  the  Re- 
bellion, but  was  refused  each  time  on  account  of  the 
loss  of  his  right  index  finger.  In  1873  he  located  in 
Huron  county,  Michigan,  and  in  1879  came  to  Pawnee 
county,  Nebraska.  In  1882  he  removed  thence  to 
Beadle  county,  South  Dakota,  whence  he  came  by 
train  to  Butte,  Montana,  and  the  remainder  of  the 
journey  to  his  present  place  he  made  with  team,  lo- 
cating here  in  1896.  Five  children  have  been  born  to 
this  happy  family.  Melvin  A.,  married  to  Lucena  Rob- 
erson,  living  near  Peck,  and  having  two  children, 
Edgar  E.  and  Mary  A.;  Emma  T.,  wife  of  Berney 
Powell,  of  Butte,  Montana,  and  they  have  one  child, 
Harold  L. ;  Myrtle  J.,  wife  of  Oscar  D.  Holmes,  of 
Butte,  Montana,  and  they  have  one  child,  Keith  D. ; 

:  Carrie  I. ;  Elizabeth,  who  is  teaching  school  in  Peck. 
The  three  oldest  daughters  have  taught  much  in 

|  Butte.  Mr.  Rogers  is  a  man  of  good  qualities  and 
has  done  a  real  worthy  labor  in  building  up  this  sec- 
tion of  the  county,  while  he  has  maintained  an  un- 
sullied reputation,  being  of  first  class  standing. 


HENRY  MUSTOE.  The  owner  of  a  good  farm 
with  comfortable  improvements,  a  man  of  industry 
and  good  wisdom  in  the  business  enterprises  to  which 
he  has  devoted  himself,  of  excellent  standing  among 
his  neighbors,  it  will  be  interesting  to  append  a  re- 
view of  the  salient  points  in  the  career  of  this  sub- 
ject. 

Henry  Mustoe  was  born  in  Barbour  county,  West 
Virginia,  in  1838,  being  the  son  of  William  and"  Nancy 
(Cash)  Mustoe,  natives  of  Bath  county  and  Rocking- 
ham,  Virginia,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  suc- 
cessful blacksmith.  The  mother  was  born  in  1818. 
When  Henry  was  a  boy  they  came  to  Edgar  county, 
Illinois,  and  four  years  later  removed  thence  to  Scot- 
land county,  Misouri.  There  our  subject  grew  to 
manhood,  gaining  a  good  common  school  education 
from  the  winter  schools  and  also  learning  the  black- 
smith trade.  When  Henry  was  twenty-two  he 
started  farming  for  himself  and  in  1868  went  to  Adair 
county,  Missouri,  and  there  he  was  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  successful  farmers  until  1891.  Then 
he  determined  to  see  the  west,  and  accordingly  came 

which  places  he  farmed  until  the  spring  of  1896.  In 
that  year  he  came  to  the  opened  reservation  and  se- 
cured his  present  place,  three  miles  east  and  one  mile 
north  from  Chesley.  Improving  the  place,  doing  a 
general  farming  business,  and  raising  horses  and  cat- 
tle, have  occupied  Mr.  Mustoe  since  his  settlement 
here  and  he  has  achieved  a  good  success. 

In  Scotland  county,  Missouri,  on  November  22, 
1860,  Mr.  Mustoe  married  Miss  Martha,  daughter  of 


Hiram  and  Sarah  (Wilson)  Heuett.  Mr.  Heuett 
was  born  in  Randolph  county,  Virginia,  and  was  a 
pioneer  to  Illinois  and  also  to  Scotland  county,  Mis- 
souri. He  had  the  distinction  of  being  a  captain  in 
the  Mexican  and  Civil  wars.  His  wife  was  born  in 
his  native  county  from  a  pioneer  family.  Mrs.  Mus- 
toe was  born  in  Barbour  county,  West  Virginia,  in 
1841,  and  has  five  brothers,  Edwin  W.,  William  H., 
George,  Jacob  and  Benjamin.  Mrs.  Heuett  is  still 
living,  aged  eighty-three.  Mr.  Mustoe  has  one  sis- 
ter, Edna  J.  Yeager.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mustoe  have 
four  children,  Loretta  M.  Page,  Dora  Wilson,  Will- 
iam and  Albert,  all  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Our  sub- 
ject and  his  faithful  wife  are  devout  members  of  the 
Methodist  church;  Mr.  Mustoe  is  a  zealous  supporter 
of  good  churches  and  schools.  He  is  a  Democrat  and 
is  always  in  his  place  in  the  conventions,  caucuses  and 
at  the  polls.  He  is  a  man  of  good  character,  a  fine 
neighbor  and  is  always  ready  to  give  a  hand  to  one  in 
need. 


JOHN  H.  GERTJE  is  one  of  the  enterprising  pi- 
oneers who  are  laboring  to  bring  the  country  that  was 
once  embraced  in  the  Nez  Perces  reservation  to  a 
good  state  of  cultivation  and  make  it  productive  of  the 
fruits  of  the  field.  His  place  is  situated  four  and  one- 
half  miles  west  from  Ilo,  and  consists  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  land,  well  improved,  having  good 
buildings  and  so  forth.  Mr.  Gertje  does  a  general 
farming  business  and  raises  stock  sufficient  to  con- 
sume the  products  of  his  land,  which  makes  it  more 
profitable.  He  also  finds  time  from  his  other  duties 
to  operate  a  first-class  threshing  outfit  in  the  fall  and 
does  a  good  business  in  this  line. 

John  H.  was  born  in  Oldenburg,  Germany,  on 
April  23,  1869,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mate  (Kora- 
mer)  Gertje.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Germany, 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1872  and  now  lives  in 
Nez  Perces  county.  He  was  born  in  1836.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Germany  in  1836  and  is  still  living. 
Our  subject  came  with  his  parents  to  this  land  in 
1872,  being  three  years  of  age.  They  stopped  a  time 
in  New  York  and  two  years  later  we  find  them  in 
Waseca  county,  Minnesota,  where  the  father  bought 
land  and  farmed.  There  John  H.  received  his  edu- 
cation and  in  1883  the  family  went  thence  to  Rob- 
erts county,  Dakota,  where  the  father  took  a  pre- 
emption, but  at  the  end  of  two  years  he  sold  it  and 
came  to  the  Potlatch  country,  where  he  still  lives.  Our 
subject  went  to  carpentering  when  he  became  of  age, 
and  then  farmed.  He  did  well  until  sickness  came 
into  his  family  and  then  he  was  forced  to  meet  mis- 
fortune and  hardship.  He  removed  to  Asotin  county, 
Washington,  and  raised  fruit  for  two  years  and  when 
the  reservation  opened  he  took  his  present  place  as 
described  above. 

On  December  31,  1891,  Mr.  Gertje  married  Miss 
Minnie,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Frances  Jackson. 
Mr.  Jackson  was  a  captain  in  the  Civil  war.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Gertje  one  child  was  born,  Ruby  Fay.  On 
November  12,  1897,  Mrs.  Gertje  was  called  away  by 


386 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


<leath.  On  July  22,  1901,  Mr.  Gertje  married  a  sec- 
ond time,  Miss  Josephine,  a  daughter  of  John  P. 
Voitte,  then  becoming  his  bride.  Mr.  Voitte  is  a  bar- 
ber, in  Davenport,  Washington.  Mrs.  Gertje  was 
born  in  Omaha,  Nebraska,  on  September  16,  1879, 
and  she  has  three  sisters,  Martha,  Jennie,  and  Sadie, 
deceased.  Mr.  Gertje  has  four  brothers  and  two  sis- 
ters :  George,  Herman,  Henry,  Mary  Tiede,  Sophia  and 
Edwin.  Mr.  Gertje  is  an  active  Republican,  always  la- 
boring for  the  principles  of  his  party  and  good  schools, 
and  he  is  frequently  found  in  the  conventions. 


BENONI  PALMER.  Since  the  opening  of  the 
Kez  Perces  reservation  the  subject  of  this  sketch  has 
been  a  resident  of  this  county  and  is  one  of  the  pro- 
moters of  industrial  labor,  while  also  he  does  a  general 
farming  business.  He  has  a  fine  saw-mill  on  his 
place  two  and  one-half  miles  southeast  from  Win- 
chester. 

Mr.  Palmer  was  born  in  Sauk  county,  Wisconsin, 
on  December  22,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Benoni  F.  and 
Eliza  J.  (.Denslow)  Palmer.  The  father  was  a  car- 
penter, born  in  Cincinnatti,  Ohio,  in  1822  and  died 
in  1898.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Wisconsin.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Ohio  in  1839.  and  died  in  1897.  Our  sub- 
ject remained  at  home,"  learning  the  carpenter  trade 
and  working  with  his  father  until  of  age.  .  Also  dur- 
ing this  time  he  received  his  education  from  the  schools 
of  his  home  place.  Then  he  started  in  life  for  him- 
self. He  went  to  North  Dakota  on  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  built  a  warehouse  and  did  a  contracting 
business.  Returning  to  Cincinnati,  he  labored  for 
seven  years  in  contracting  business.  He  then  came 
west  to  Spokane,  Washington,  went  prospecting  for 
several  years,  meeting  with  varying  success  and  then 
came  to  Latah  county  and  wrought  at  his  trade.  Four 
vears  were  spent  there  and  then  he  went  to  Tacoma 
and  labored  at  ship  building  for  four  years.  It  was 
1897  when  Mr.  Palmer  came  to  Nez  Perces  county 
and  took  his  present  place,  where  he  erected  a  fine 
saw  mill  and  does  a  good  business. 

In  1887  Mr.  Palmer  married  Miss  Sarah  G., 
slaughter  of  Henry  Marston,  a  native  of  Wisconsin. 
Mrs.  Palmer  was  born  in  Sauk  county,  Wisconsin, 
in  1870,  and  her  marriage  occurred  in  Coif  ax,  Wash- 
ington. She  has  no  brothers  nor  sisters.  Mr.  Pal- 
mer has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters: 
Helen  Sprague.  Elenor  Townsend,  Franklin,  Orson, 
Rose,  Grant  and  Lillie.  Two  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Palmer,  Pearl  and  Claud.  Mr.  Pal- 
mer is  an  active  Republican  and  is  often  at  the  con- 
vention, where  he  is  an  influential  factor.  Mrs.  Pal- 
mer's father  was  in  the  Civil  war  and  Mr.  Palmer  had 
a  number  of  uncles  in  the  same  struggle. 


THOMAS  F.  REYNOLD.  Perhaps  no  man  in 
the  county  of  Nez  Perces  has  had  a  wider  experience 
in  the  northwest  than  the  subject  of  this  article  who 
has  traveled  in  many  capacities  and  has  met  the  inci- 
dents of  the  frontier  in  every  shape,  being  a  man  of 
great  courage  and  stability  and  having  conducted 
himself  in  this  long  time  in  a  worthy  and  commenda- 
ble manner,  ever  manifesting  courage,  sagacity,  en- 
durance and  ability,  which  has  been  dominated  with 
sound  principles. 

Mr.  Reynold  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania, 
on  May  10',  1829,  being  the  son  of  Edwards  and  Clid- 
na  (Michaels)  Reynold.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Ireland,  born  in  1801,  and  died  in  Iowa  in  1840. 
while  the  mother  was  born  in  France  in  1809,  and 
her  father  was  a  German.  She  died  in  1871.  Mr. 
Reynold,  senior,  was  a  farmer  and  distiller.  The  par- 
ents came  to  America  and  setled  in  Pennsylvania  and 
when  our  subject  was  six  years  of  age  came  to  Cin- 
cinnati. Another  move  was  made  to  Dayton,  and  then 
to  Iowa,  in  which  last  place  Thomas  F.  was  educated. 
The  father  bought  land  and  farmed  in  Iowa  and  in 
1852  came  with  his  family  to  Portland,  where  he 
worked  at  painting  and  boating.  Our  subject  was  one 
of  a  party  that  accompanied  George  B.  McClellan 
to  meet  trie  first  governor  of  Washington,  I.  I.  Stev- 
ens, and  after  that  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  gov- 
ernment for  a  number  of  years,  being  packmaster  on 
the  expedition  that  surveyed  the  line  between  British 
Columbia  and  the  United  States.  After  one  year  in 
this  work,  he  returned  to  Washington.  In  1866  he 
went  to  farming  in  Columbia  county,  Washington,  and 
in  1884  came  to  Lewiston.  He  operated  a  ferry  boat 
there  until  1892,  when  he  came  to  his  present  home, 
five  miles  south  from  Juliaetta,  taking  the  land  from 
the  Nez  Perces  reservation  tvhich  was  then  opened. 

Mr.  Reynold  married  a  Nez  Perces  woman,  Polly, 
in  1863,  in  Lewiston.  His  brothers  and  sisters  are 
named  as  follows :  Mary  Ann,  in  Ottumwa,  Iowa ; 
Clidna,  there  also ;  Joseph,  at  Oskaloosa,  Iowa :  Eliza- 
beth, deceased;  James  M.,  in  Iowa;  Edward,  de- 
ceased ;  Agatha,  deceased ;  John  V.,  deceased.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Reynold  there  have  been  born  two  chil- 
dren, Clidna.  deceased:  Agatha,  wife  of  James  H.- 
Evans, on  Nez  Perces  reservation.  Mr.  Reynold  has 
always  taken  an  interest  in  the  affairs  of  politics,  be- 
ing a  strong  Jeffersonian  Democrat  and  is  usually  a 
delegate  to  the  county  convention.  He  is  an  adher- 
ent of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He  has  a  fine 
farm  of  one  quarter  section  and  well  improved  and 
owns  forty  head  of  cattle  and  raises  much  wheat  and 
many  hogs.  He  has  a  large  grove  of  the  Lanthos 
trees.  Mr.  Reynold  is  a  man  of  much  experience  and 
has  done  much  commendable  work  in  the  northwest 
and  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  a  real  pioneer. 


PART  III. 

HISTORY  OF  IDAHO  COUNTY 


CHAPTKR  I. 


CURRENT  HISTORY,    1861-1879. 


The  earliest  history  of  Idaho  county,  like  that  of 
Nez  Perces  and  southern  Shoshone,  is  identical  with 
the  placer  mining  history  of  the  region,  which  has 
already  been  given  place  in  our  chapters.  The  dis- 
covery of  gold  at  Oro  Fino,  Elk  City,  Florence,  New- 
some  and  Warren  had  other  effects  upon  the  country 
than  simply  building'  thriving  towns  at  these  points. 
Routes  of  travel  and  transportation  had  to  be  estab- 
lished and  way  stations  along  these  provided  for  the 
comfort  and  convenience  of  gold  seeker  and  packers. 
Naturally  the  keepers  of  these  stations  were  impelled 
to  experiment  in  raising  different  farm  and  garden 
produce,  and  the  enormous  prices  received  by  them 
for  whatever  they  harvested  encouraged  the  extension 
of  this  form  of  industry.  There  was  one  serious  draw- 
back to  it,  however,  during  the  first  two  years.  Both 
the  miners  and  station  keepers  were  upon  an  Indian 
reservation.  They  could  only  remain  by  sufferance  of 
the  Indians  and  Indian  authorities  under  protection  of 
a  treaty  permitting  occupancy  only,  and  could  not  se- 
cure title  to  any  land  other  than  such  as  was  by  com- 
mon consent  accorded  to  squatters. 

L.  P.  Brown,  in  a  lecture  before  the  Idaho  County 
Pioneer  Association,  made  the  statement  that  the  first 
house  occupied  by  white  man  on  Camas  prairie  was  the 
home  of  Captain  Francois,  built  on  the  White  Bird 
divide  during  the  fall  or  winter  of  1861,  and  that  the 
spring  of  1862  witnessed  the  construction  of  several 
way  stations  along  the  different  trails  to  the  mines ; 
one  at  Sweetwater.  kept  by  James  Donnelly;  one  at 
what  later  became  known'  as  the  Mason  place,  by 
Durkee  &  Crampton ;  one  at  Cotton  wood,  by  a  man 
named  Allen  and  one  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Idaho, 
erected,  we  have  been  informed,  by  Moses  Milner  and 
his  partner,  Francis,  the  men  who  cut  the  pack  trail 


5  keeping  this 


from  the  site  of  the  town  of  Mount  Idaho  to  Florence 
mining  camp  in  the  spring  of  1862.  However,  A.  I. 
Watson  says  that  Arthur  Chapman  v 
station  in  1862  and  was  understood  by 
owner.  During  the  summer  and  fall  of  the  same  year 
Hiram  Lusk  erected  a  log  house  on  Three  Mile  creek, 
which,  the  following  year,  became  the  property  of 
Crooks  &  Shumway. 

These  facts  were  no  doubt  given  by  Mr.  Brown 
from  mempry  and  may  not  be  absolutely  correct  in 
minor  details,  but  they  are  corroborated  for  the  most 
part  by  Seth  Jones,  who  came  to  the  county  with  Mrs. 
Jones  in  May,  1862.  They  found  a  station  at  what  is 
now  Cottonwood,  kept  by  a  man  named  Allen,  and 
Captain  Le  Francois,  then  unmarried,  at  his  station  on 
White  Bird  divide.  They  found  also  a  small  station, 
just  started,  where  Mount  Idaho  now  stands,  and 
Moses  Milner  at  work  cutting  his  trail  to  Florence. 
Loyal  P.  Brown,  who  came  into  the  country  a  few  days 
later  than  Mr.  Jones,  bought  Mr.  Milner '3  interest  in 
both  road  and  station  and  later  laid  claim  to  a  tract 
of  land.  For  many  years  afterward  he  was  prominent 
citizen  of  Mount  Idaho. 

Mr.  Jones  and  wife  went  on  to  Florence,  where  they 
remained  until  July,  returning  then  to  Mount  Idaho 
over  the  Milner  trail.  Mrs.  Jones  gained  the  distinc- 
tion of  being  the  first  woman  to  pass  over  the  new 
route,  and  in  recognition  of  this  fact,  she  was  per- 
mitted to  pass  withou  the  payment  of  toll.  About 


August  ist  they  openec 

Idaho.    Throughout  th 


follow 


est  neighbor  of  he 
Mary  Caroline  Wood, 
on  Slate  creek. 

During  the  spring  of   1863,  Mr.  Jo 


s  Mrs. 
o  lived 


388 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


farm  on  Three  Mile  creek,  about  a  mile  above  the 
Hiram  Lusk  station.  Brown  had  taken  a  claim  in 
the  foothills  near  Mount  Idaho  and  this  same  spring, 
James  Odle  laid  claim  to  a  ranch  in  the  vicinity  of 
that  station.  It  is  related  that  when  Mr.  Odle  began 
plowing,  the  Indians  gathered  in  considerable  num- 
bers, watched  the  operation  with  interest  and  protested 
mildly,  saying  that  if  much  of  such  work  should  be 
done,  they  would  be  left  without  pasture  for  their 
ponies.  He  assured  them  that  he  wished  only  a  small 
spot  for  a  garden  and  they  went  away  apparently  satis- 
fied. Mr.  Odle  is  said  to  have  been  in  partnership  with 
Brown  in  the  station  for  several  years. 

July  6th  Mr.  Jones  left  Mount  Idaho  and  took  up 
his  abode  on  his  new  farm.  He  plowed  and  sowed 
quite  extensively,  planting  an  acre  and  a  half  of  po- 

rutabagas,  tomatoes,  cabbage,  turnips  and  other  garden 
vegetables.  That  fall  he  harvested  54,000  pounds  of 
potatoes  and  sold  them  for  eight  cents  a  pound.  The 
oats  were  cut  for  hay,  which  found  ready  sale  at  $80 
a  ton;  the  cabbage  brought  12^2  cents  a  pound;  the 
turnips  four  cents.  John  Londsberry,  a  Pensylvanian 
of  seventy  summers,  who  had  taken  a  claim  adjoining 
Mr.  Jones,  was  a  partner  of  the  latter  in  the  potato 
venture. 

The  success  of  the  early  experimenters  in  agri- 
culture and  the  enormous  prices  realized  by  them  could 
have  no  other  effect  than  to  inspire  more  persons  with 
a  desire  to  try  what  wealth  the  rich  black  soil  of  the 
prairie  might  have  in  store  for  them.  A  treaty  was 
concluded  with  the  Nez  Perces  Indians  on  the  gth  of 
June,  1863,  amendatory  to  that  negotiated  by  Stevens 
and  Palmer  in  1855,  by  which  the  greater  part  of 
Camas  prairie  and  Idaho  county,  along  with  the  Wal- 
lowa  valley  in  Oregon  and  other  territory  was  ceded 
to  the  United  States.  The  treaty  was  not  confirmed 
until  some  years  later,  so  that  title  to  land  could  not 
be  secured,  but  the  foundation  was  laid  for  hope  that 
the  land  would  some  day  be  the  property  of  the  set- 
tler and  interest  in  agriculture  was  therefore  stimu- 
lated in  some  measure. 

Prior  to  the  spring  of  1862  the  route  to  Florence 
was  up  Salmon  river  to  the  divide  between  Slate  creek 
and  John  Day  creek,  up  that  to  the  summit  of  the 
mountains,  and  thence  to  the  objective  point.  A  sta- 
tion was  early  established  at  the  mouth  of  Slate  creek 
by  one  Charles  Silverman,  who  seems  to  have  had 
some  kind  of  a  partnership  arrangement  with  the  In- 
dians through  a  chief  known  to  the  whites  as  Whistle- 
knocker.  In  the  spring  of  1862,  John  Wood  purchased 
the  station,  paying  Silverman  and  the  Indian  $1,000 
for  it.  By  this  transaction^  Mr.  Wood  not  only  secured 
the  desired  property  but  he  laid  the  foundation  for  a 
lasting  friendship  between  the  red  men  and  himself, 
with  the  result  that  in  after  years,'  when  trouble  arcise 
between  the  two  races,  Mr.  Wood  and  his  family  were 
not  molested  by  the  hostiles.  At  the  time  of  the  pur- 
chase Silverman  had  a  small  garden.  Wood  immedi- 
ately planted  some  apple  trees,  among  the  first,  perhaps, 
that  ever  drew  their  nourishment  from  the  soil  of 
Idaho  county  except  a  few  planted  by  Indians,  or  per- 


sons unknown,  at  Billy's  crossing.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wood  kept  this  station  until  1884,  but  ten  years  earlier 
they  sold  the  portion  of  their  place  across  Slate  creek 
to  Charles  F.  Cone,  who  also  opened  a  way  station. 

In  the  summer  of  1862,  Henry  Elfers  and  John 
Wessel  took  a  claim  on  John  Day  creek.  In  1863  A. 
Berg  squatted  on  land  on  the  main  Salmon,  two  and  a 
half  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Salmon,  and 
the  same  year  J.  Allison  settled  on  a  claim  six  or  seven 
miles  above  the  Berg  place.  The  ensuing  winter  came 
James  F.  Alvord  and  Michael  Storms,  who  established 
themselves  on  a  tract  adjoining  Mr.  Wood's  home. 
They  opened  a  small  general  store.  Later  came  James 
Baker,  who  made  his  abode  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
from  the  mouth  of  White  Bird  creek.  On  all  these 
places  stock  was  kept  and  on  all  of  them  were  raised 
grain,  vegetables  and  everything  for  which  there  was 

The  'inception  of  the  cattle  industry  was  practically 
contemporaneous  with  that  of  agriculture.  No  farmer, 
seeing  the  vast  areas  of  grass-clad  land  and  the  shel- 
tered canyons  and  valleys  of  the.Salmon  river,  furnish- 
ing warm  winter  retreats  for  stock,  could  fail  to  realize 
the  profit  which  must  surely  accrue  from  this  business. 
In  the  spring  of  1863,  John  M.  Crooks  and  Aurora 
Shumway  bought  out  Lusk's  station  on  Three  Mile 
creek.  Later  Shumway  purchased  the  farm  of  John 
Carter,  adjoining.  The  two,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Crooks  &  Shumway,  became  pioneer  stockmen  of  what 
is  now  Idaho  county,  bringing  in  a  thousand  head  from 
the  neighborhood  of  The  Dalles,  Oregon.  They  were 
the  leaders  in  this  industry  throughout  all  the  early 
days;  nevertheless  there  w'ere  others  not  far  behind 
them.  Seth  Jones  was  the  second  man  to  engage  in 
cattle  raising  as  a  business,  though  undoubtedly  a  num- 
ber of  farmers  on  Camas  prairie  and  Salmon  river  had 
a  few  head  from  their  first  settlement.  Jones's  start 
consisted  of  ten  cows,  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $60  each. 
It  was  a  custom  among  those  early  cattle  men  to  drive 
their  beef  animals  to  the  mining  districts,  where  they 
sold  for  good  prices,  though  beef  was  never  high  in 
proportion  to  other  articles  of  food.  Among  the  lead- 
ing cattle  men  of  the  years  prior  to  the  outbreak  of  the  - 
Nez  Perces  war  were  Henry  Elfers,  who  at  one  time 
had  as  many  as  2,000  head,  and  Seth  Jones,  James 
Baker,  John  Wood.  Charles  F.  and  Charles  P.  Cone,  A. 
Berg,  Getter  &  Orcutt,  Hickey  &  MeLee,  John 
Doumecq,  Victor  Glatigny,  J.  M.  Crooks,  John  and 
Dan  McPhearson,  George  Sears,  Rice  Brothers,  Ed 
Byrom,  Charles  Redman  and  James  Lambert,  whose 
largest  herds  ranged  between  300  and  1,600  head.  The 
stock  business  never  assumed  the  proportions  in  north 
Idaho  that  obtained  in  Harney  county  and  other  por- 
tions of  eastern  Oregon,  where  the  larger  herds  ranged 
between  fifteen  and  fifty  thousand  head,  but  the  quality 
of  the  stock  was  undoubtedly  better.  The  cattle  had 
marked  strains  of  Durham  and  Devon  in  their  blood, 
though  somewhat  mixed  with  1'exas  stock.  It  is  said 
that  four-year-old  steers  were  known  to  dress  as  high 
as  1,100  pounds. 

In  1861  a  few  more  settlers  took  homes  on  Camas 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


prairie,  among  whom  were  Israel  Chapman,  who  set- 
tled on  land  adjoining  the  Crooks  place,  and  Francis 
Marion  Hughes,  whose  home  was  established  between 
Mount  Idaho  and  the  site  of  Granville.  Joshua  S. 
Fockler  became  a  resident  of  the  prairie  this  year,  but 
did  not  take  land.  He  and  Ward  Girton  were  em- 
ployees for  a  time  of  Crooks  &  Shumway. 

Upon  his  arrival  on  the  prairie  in  1865,  James  H. 
Robinson  took  a  claim  half  a  mile  east  of  the  J.  M. 
Crooks  ranch,  and  from  him  we  learn  that  the  settlers 
at  that  time,  besides  those  already  mentioned,  were  an 
old  trapper,  Green  B.  Profitt,  on  the  creek  above  the 
Jones  ranch,  William  C.  Pearson,  a  land  holder  and  a 
partner  in  the  cattle  firm  of  Crooks  &  Shumway, 
John  McPherson,  on  Three  Mile  creek,  three  miles  be- 
low Mount  Idaho,  "Whisky  Bill"  and  A.-  I.  Watson, 
on  Whisky  Bill  creek,  Edward  Byrom,  proprietor  of 
the  Cottonwood  station,  James  Cearley,  on  Three  Mile 
creek,  below  McPherson's  place,  Milton  Cambridge, 
between  Three  Mile  and  Butcher  creeks,  William  Jack- 
son, who  kept  a  toll  bridge  across  the  south  fork  of  the 
Clearwater  on  the  Elk  City  trail,  and  John  Aram,  near 
the  home  of  Seth  Jones,  on  Three  Mile.  Mr.  Watson 
says  that  during  this  year,  also,  John  Brown  settled 
on  Three  Mile  creek,  three  miles  below  Grangeville, 
and  Jack  Moran  on  Butcher  creek  above  Odle's. 

ox  teamster  and  freighter  named  Bush  and  each  suc- 
ceeding year  brought  a  small  augmentation  to  the  num- 
ber of  settlers.  The  population  grew  from  not  to 
exceed  seventy-five  in  1866  to  perhaps  150  or  175  in 
1870.  The  United  States  census  of  the  latter  year 
gives  Idaho  county  a  population  of  849,  but  these  fig- 
ures, like  statistics  based  upon  the  assessment  rolls 
to  show  the  increase  of  wealth,  are  rendered  valueless 
by  the  fact  that  the  county's  boundary  lines  have  un- 
dergone important  changes.  In  1870,  Mount  Idaho 
and  all  the  Camas  prairie  country  were  included  in 
Nez  Perces  county,  and  Idaho  county  included  only  the 

The  cattle  industry  received  a  severe  setback  almost 
in  its  very  inception  by  the  long,  cold  winter  of  1865-6, 
which  caused  quite  se'rious  losses.  It  was  further  dis- 
couraged by  the  fact  that  many  head  of  cattle  were 
driven  into  the  mines  from  Oregon  and  Washington, 
making  the  price  of  beef  relatively  low.  But  all  other 
products  of  the  soil  commanded  high  prices,  butter  a 
dollar  a  pound,  eggs  a  dollar  a  dozen,  vegetables 
five  to  ten  cents,  American  horses  $100  to  $300  each, 
wild  hay  $15  to  $40  a  ton,  etc.  etc.  The  inception  of 
fruit  raising  in  the  valley  occurred  in  1864,  when  trees 
were  brought  from  Walla  Walla  and  planted  at  Mount 
Idaho.  Success  attended  experiment  in  this  as  in  other 
horticultural  and  agricultural  enterprises. 

"The  first  stage  line  from  Mount  Idaho  to  Lewis- 
ton,"  says  L.  P.  Brown,  "was  put  on  the  route  by 
Francis  &  Company  in  the  summer  of  1862.  The  next 
spring  Durkee  and  George  Crampton  placed  a  line  on 
the  same  route,  which  was  continued  until  late  in  the 
fall  of  186.3."  Then  Crampton  sold  out  and  went  back 
to  his  home  in  Boston,  Durkee  to  Burnt  river  in  Ore- 
gon, where  for  years  he  kept  the  station  known  as  Ex- 


press ranch.  A  station  and  small  town  on  the  O.  R. 
&  N.  commemorates  his  name.  Mr.  Watson  says  that 
Francis  &  Garnish  established  the  first  stage  line  and 
he  fixes  the  date  as  1863  or  1864.  Frank  Shissler,  he 
says,  succeeded  Durkee  and  Crampton.  Among  the 
earliest  express  riders  were  Denny  Bacon,  John  Brear- 
ley,  Charles  Fairchild,  and  the  Baird  Brothers,  Ezra 
and  William. 

Up  to  June  I,  1869,  the  county  seat  of  Idaho  coun- 
ty was  located  at  Florence  but  by  an  act  passed  by  the 
legislature  of  1868,  the  honors  and  prestige  belonging 
to  the  seat  of  local  government  were  transferred  to 
Washington,  in  the  Warren  mining  district.  The 
change,  however,  had  no  material  effect  upon  the  Ca- 
mas prairie  settlers,  for  as  yet  these  were  affiliated 
politically  with  Nez  Perces  county,  though  their  in- 
terests were  with  the  mining  districts,  where  they  mar- 
keted their  products,  and  they  earnestly  desired  to  be 
identified  with  Idaho  county.  This  boon  was  granted 
them  six  years  later. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  earliest  years  of 
the  occupancy  of  the  Salmon  river  and  Camas  prairie 
countries  by  farmers  and  stockmen  were  years  when 
north  Idaho  was  yet  overrun  by  hordes  of  robbers, 
desperadoes  and  murderers,  and  the  mining  districts 
and  the  trails  to  them  were  still  haunted  by  lawless 
characters,  the  agriculturists  and  stockmen  seem  to 
have  enjoyed  practical  immunity  from  criminal  opera- 
tions. The  execution  of  English,  Scott  and  Peoples  by 
Lewiston  vigilantes  and  of  the  Magruder  murderer's 
by  process  of  law  caused  an  exodus  of  villianous  char- 
acters, from  the  country,  and  as  the  settlers  before  that 
date  had  nothing  specially  tempting  to  marauders,  ex- 
cept, perhaps,  a  few  horses,  they  never  were  victimized 
in  the  early  carnival  of  crime. 

But  about  July  of  the  year  1869  the  people  of  the 
prairie  thought  it  necessary  to  take  the  law  into  their 
own  hands  and  administer  summary  punishment  to 
an  Indian  named  Shumway  Jim,  a  renegade,  whose  rep- 
utation as  a  desperate  man  was  such  that  he  was  feared 
by  both  Indians  and  whites.  He  received  his  sobriquet 
of  Shumway  from  his  devotion  to  and  friendship  for  the 
stockman  of  that  name.  He  was  credited  with  the  com- 
mission of  several  murders,  none  of  which  could  be 
proved  against  him,  but  he  committed  one  too  many. 
Early  in  the  spring  of  1869,  several  Nez  Perces  squaws 
reported  to  t.he  settlers  that  they  had  found  human  bones 
under  some  rocks  at  the  mouth  of  Three  Mile  creek  and 
intimated  that  Shumway  Jim  probably  knew  more  about 
them  than  he  would  care  to  tell.  Messrs.  Crooks  and 
Shumway  interviewed  Jim  regarding  the  matter,  de- 
manding that  if  he  were  guilty  he  should  confess  it. 
Tim  ultimately  acknowledged  that  he  had  killed  a  pros- 
pector, a  Frenchman,  for  gain,  but  had  only  secured  the 
man's  horse,  his  weapons  and  blankets  and  about  ten 
dollars  in  money.  The  citizens  in  general  took  up 
Jim's  case  and  finally  decided  that  the  time  had  arrived 
when  his  career  of  crime  should  be  brought  to  an  end, 
so  Jim  was  escorted  to  a  spot  on  Ward  Girton's  ranch 
near  Three  Mile  creek  where  three  poles  had  been 
stood  up  in  the  form  of  a  tripod.  To  the  apex  of  this 
Jim  was  hanged,  all  the  settlers  present,  constituting 


390 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  majority  of  those  on  the  prairie,  taking  part  in  the 
execution.'  The  body  of  the  Indian  was  given  into 
the  possession  of  his  red  brethren,  who  bore  it  to 
Jim's  home  at  Horse  Shoe  bend  on  the  Salmon,  where 
it  was  interred.  Whites  and  Indians  alike  seemed 
pleased  that  the  country  was  rid  of  this  assassin  and 
desperado. 

In  the  fall  of  1869,  also,  another  serious  crime  was 
perpetrated  in  the  Camas  prairie  country,  which  led 
to  a  lynching.  The  author  of  the  crime,  one  Peter  Wal- 
ters, was  a  young  man  who,  by  dint  of  energy  and 
push,  had  become  the  proprietor  of  a  'sawmill  near 
Mount  Idaho.  Joseph  Yates,  the  victim  of  the  tragedy, 
was  an  employee  in  the  mill,  and  had  been  on  terms 
of  intimacy  with  Walters,  living  with  him  the  preceding 
winter.  It  is  thought  that  the  seeds  of  the  quarrel 
were  sown  during  the  continuance  of  this  intimate  as- 
sociation, but  an  open  breach  did  not  take  place  until 
some  time  later.  Early  in  the  fall  they  had  some 
words  and  the  relationship  of  employer  and  empoyee 
existing  between  them  was  abruptly  terminated.  It 
was  agreed  that  they  should  meet  that  evening  in 
Mount  Idaho  to  complete  their  settlement.  After  sup- 
per Walters  called  Yates  out.  What  words  passed 
between  them  nobody  overheard,  but  the  conversation 
was  brought  to. an  end  by  Walters  drawing  his  pistol 
and  shooting  Yates,  mortally  wounding  him.  Wal- 
ters was  taken  to  Lewiston,  the  county  seat,  for  trial. 
He  escaped  conviction  at  the  next  term  of  court  on  a 
technicality.  The  following  term  he  was  convicted 
and  sentenced  to  be  hanged.  Preparations  were  made 
to  execute  the  sentence,  but  at  the  last  moment  the  young 
man's  attorneys  gave  notice  of  an  appeal  to  the  su- 
preme court.  Becoming  tired  of  the  law's  delay,  a 
number  of  the  citizens  of  the  prairie,  perhaps  about 
thirteen,  repaired  to  Lewiston,  battered  down  the  jail 
door  at  night,  took  the  prisoner  out  and  hanged  him. 

During  his   incarceration,    Walters   wrote   to   per- 

protesting  his  innocence  of  deliberate  murder.  He 
claimed  that  he  had  settled  with  Yates;  that  Yates  ac- 
cused him  of  stealing;  that  he  drew  his  pistol,  be- 
lieving it  uncapped,  for  the  purpose  of  scaring  Yates 
into  a  retraction  of  his  charges  and  that  the  pistol  was 
discharged  unexpectedly.  Others  state  that  Walters 
had  sharpened  his  bowie  knife  and  carefully  loaded 
his  pistol  beforehand  giving  evidences  of .  premedita- 
tion and  from  the  testimony  of  several  pioneers  it  is 
certain  that  the  homicide  was  a  cold  blooded  and  very 
atrocious  one.  Walters  was  a  young  man  of  un- 
governable passion  and  somewhat  disagreeable  dispo- 
sition. No  attempt  was  ever  made  to  apprehend  and 
punish  his  self  appointed  executioners. 

After  the  earliest  settlements  on  Salmon  river,  no 
further  increase  of  population  took  place  in  that  part 
of  the  county  until  about  1870,  when  there  was  a 
.small  influx  into  the  valley.  Hiram  Titman  took  the 
place  now  occupied  by  J.  B.  Chamberlain,  just  above 
the  mouth  of  Skookum  Chuck  creek.  Harry  Mason, 
Samuel  Benedict,  Larry  Ott,  Isaac  Orcutt,  John  Get- 
ter and  Mathewson  &  Cristy  settled  at  various  points 


igration 


on  the  river  about  the  same  time;  then  i 
gain  ceased  for  several  years. 

The  output  of  the  placer  mines  had  been  steadily 
leclining  since  about  1864,  and  the  market  for  the 
produce  of  farm  and  garden  had  suffered  a  proportion- 
ate depression.  In  1869,  however,  the  miners  voted 
to  admit  the  Chinamen  to  Florence.  Those  who 
favored  this  measure  argued  that  the  best  deposits 

.  exhausted  ;  that  white  men  could  no  longer  work 
them  profitably  and  that  the  Mongolians  ought  to  be 
.llowed  to  appropriate  the  residue.  The  permission 
vas  received  with  eclat  by  the  Chinese,  who  came  into 
camp  in  a  body,  protected  against  those  who  were 
stile  to  them  by  an  abundant  guard  of  white  people. 
Their  advent  was  the  signal  for  others  to  come  in  and 

870  there  were  several  thousand  in  the  different 

es.  They  seem  to  have  infused  new  life  into  the 
districts,  and  though  it  is  generally  considered  that  a 
Chinaman  lives  on  a  few  cents  a  day  and  sends  the 

•st  of  his  earnings  back  to  China,  yet  these  Mongo-  . 
Hans  are  said  to  have  spent  their  money  freely  when- 
ever fortune  favored  them,  creating  a  good  market 
for  agricultural  products.  Between  1870  and  1880  they 
were  in  almost  absolute  control  of  the  placer  fields. 
They  not  only  made  what  they  would  consider  good 
wages  in  working  claims,  but  occasionally  struck  rich 
ground  that  had  escaped  the  white  miners,  realizing 
thousands  therefrom. 

But  the  fact  that  the  number  of  Chinamen  in  the 
county  dwindled  in  the  decade  to  one-third  of  their 
original  numbers  was  good  evidence  of  the  hopeless 
decline  of  placer  mining.  The  effect  of  this  was 
the  upbuilding  of  stock  raising  and  extensive  agricul- 
ture in  Idaho  county  instead  of  market  gardening. 
But  there  were  difficulties  in  the  way  of  this  change. 
Lack  of  transportation  rendered  wheat  raising  un- 
profitable ;  there  were  no  factories  in  the  county  before 
de  from  a  few  sawmills  ;  and  even  the  flour 


sumed  by  the  people  had  to  be  brought  from  without. 
It  is  true  that  in  1874  Wheeler  &  Toothacher  started 
the  small  grist  mill  which  later  became  the  property  of 
L.  P.  Brown,  but  this  was  not  sufficient  to  encourage 
the  farmers  to  raise  all  their  own  breadstuff's.  As 
the  prairie  was  still  in  Nez  Perces  county  and  the  mines 
had  passed  to  the  Chinese,  Idaho  county,  as  it  then 
existed,  seemed  likely  to  be  reduced  to  the  same  con- 
dition into  which  Shoshone  had  degenerated.  —  a  coun- 
ty only  in  name,  incapable  of  maintaining  an  efficient 
organization  and  in  danger  of  dismemberment  at  any 

Fortunately  the  year  1874  brought  to  the  prairie 
the  organization  of  a  society  which  was  destined  to 
have  much  influence  upon  the  future  history  of  the 

the  order  known  as  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  was 
coming  into  prominence  in  the  farming  sections  of  the 
United  States.  The  farmers  of  the  prairie  had  objects 
to  accomplish  requiring  united  effort  and  it  occurred 
to  some  of  them  that  perhaps  this  popular  agricultural 
association  was  just  the  agency  through  which  the  de- 
sired ends  might  be  most  speedily  attained.  Accord- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ingly  Charity  Grange  was  organized.     Many  of  the 
leading  farmers  in  the  vicinity  of  Mount  Idaho  and 
on  the  banks  of  the  streams  joined  the  society,  the 
.charter  membership  of  which  numbered  about  twenty. 
Within  a  few  months  it  had  one  hundred  members  and 
later  its  roll  call  was  still  further  extended. 
The  first  object  proposed  to  itself  by  this  grange 
was  speedily  accomplished.    It  desired  to  form  a  closer 

Sec.  2.     All  that  part  of  Nex   Perces  county  being  south- 
and  east  of  the  bonndarv   line  established   bv   section  one    (l) 
of  this  act,  shall   hereafter  be  attached  to  and  form  a  part  of 
the  county  of  Idaho. 
Sec.  3.     In  consideration  of  the  erant  of  territory  hereby 
made  by  Nez  Perces  countv,  the  countv  of  Idaho  shall  be  liable 
for,  and  shall  assume  and  pay  to  the  county  of  Nez   Perces 
forty  per  cent    of  the  indebtedness  of  said   Nc'z   Perces  county, 
at  the  time  this  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force. 
The  amount  of  such   indebtedness  of  Nez   Perces  county 

inasmuch  as  this  part  of  the  country  had  no  affilia- 
tions with  Nez  Perces  county  but  carried  on  practically 
all  its  business  with  the  mining  districts,  it  desired  also 

months  from  the  taking  effect  of  this  act,  ascertain  from  the 

urer,  the  total   amount  of  county   warrants    of    Nex    Perces 

eluded  also  a  removal  of  the  county  seat  from  Washing- 
ton, in  the  Warren  district,  the  people  of  that  town 

the  board  of  county  commissioners  of  Idaho  county;  from  the 
total  sum  of  such  indebtedness  shall  be  deducted  the  amount 

failed.    But  at  the  session  of  the  legislature  of  1874-5, 
a    determined    movement    was    inaugurated     in    the 
direction  of  securing  this  desideratum.    It  proved  suc- 
cessful and  an  act  was  passed  granting  to  Idaho  coun- 
ty not  only  the  Camas  prairie  country,  but  the  rich 
strip  lying  east  of  it  in  which  Elk  Citv  is  situated.    The 

retained  by   Nex   Perces  county.     Of  the'  net   indebtedness   s,". 
ascertained,  the  county  of  Idaho  shall  be  liable  for  and  shall 

as  herein  provided  for.     The  auditor  of  Idaho  county  shall  be 

measure  created  a  new  Idaho  county  with  both  farm- 
ing and  mining  communities,  bound  together  by  the 
closest  ties  of  trade  relationship  and  reciprocal  inter- 
ests     It  =aved  the  political  entity  from  danger  of  dis- 

countv,  for  tlie  benefit   of   said   county,   and   not  transferable, 
and  he  shall  deliver  the  same  to  the  treasurer  of  Nex  Perces 

integration,  building  up  a  united,  interdependent  and 
stable  community,  while  it  inflicted  little  or  no  perma- 
nent   damage,    probably,    upon    Nez    Perces    county. 
While  the  grange  was  behind  the  measure,  credit  for 
this  judicious  piece  of  legislation  is  owing,  as  L.  P. 

vided  by^secdon^hre"  S(3)   of  this'  act!*  set  apart  "thVwho'le 
amount  of  poll  and  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  hospital  taxes  col- 
lected in  said  county,  and  ten  per  cent,  derived  from  property 
taxes  which  shall  constitute  a  sinking  fund  for  the  payment 

and  S    P.  C.  Howard,  members  of  the  legislature  at 
the  time,  to  C.  W.   Case,   N.  B.  Willev  and  Bailev 

treasurer  of  Idaho  counu   shall,  on  the  first  day  of  July  and 

Chamberlain   of   Warren   camp,   to   Jeff   Rhoads   and 
George  Shearer,  of  Florence,  and  to  D.  H.  Howser, 

whole  amount   in   said  sinking   fund  to  be  by  him  applied  to 
the  redemption  of  said  warrants. 

James  Odle  Judge  Bower,  James  Witt.  I.  M.  Dorman, 
M.   H.  and   C.   L.   Rice,   Crooks  &   Shunwav,  J.   H. 
Robinson,  Girton,  Telcher,  Pearson,  B.  F.  Morris  and 
others  of  Camas  prairie.    Mr.  Brown  himself  was  also 

as  follows  : 
AN   ACT. 

and'Cat°said  Election  °here  s°ialM^1ulmntted  to  the  voters  "of 
said    comity   the   permanent    location    of   the    county    seat,    for 

poses. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Terri- 

creek  and  Mount  Idaho,  shall  be  rated   for,  ami  the  point  or 
shaH  be°  declared*  the  county  "seat  'of  Idaho"  county.  ^  ° 

rEt'tHSiiSil  HiHiS^ie 

Sec    6.     The   board'  of   countv    commissioners    of    Idaho 

mTed^the'saK 

south  and  southwest  along  the  line  between   the   counties  of 
Idaho  and  Lemhi  to  Boise  countv  ;  thence  westerly  and  north- 
westerly  along  the   present   line   dividing    Idaho   county   and 

of  this  act  into  effect. 
Sec.   7.     All   acts  and  parts  of  acts   in   conflict   with   the 
provisions  of  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 
Sec.  8.     This  act  to  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and 

HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


provisions  of  this  act,  Mount  Idaho  was  chosen  as  the 
county  seat.  Elliott's  history  of  Idaho  territory  in- 
forms us  that  "there  being  no  court  house,  rooms  were 
fitted  up  for  the  various  officers  in  the  Idaho  hotel, 
since  which  time  a  commodious  court  house  and  jail 
have  been  erected,  where  the  county  officers  have  com- 
fortable offices,  and  a  large  hall  for  the  district  court, 
jury  rooms,  etc.'' 

The  next  important  direct  result  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  this  Grange  society  was  the  formation  of  a  stock 
company  among  the  grangers,  capitalized  at  $25,000, 
for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  flouring  mill,  in  addition 
to  that  erected  by  Wheeler,  Toothacher  and  Kelley  at 
Mount  Idaho  in  1874.  The  mill  was  completed  some 
time  in  1876  at  a  cost  of  approximately  $8,000.  Its 
site  was  on  Three  Mile  creek,  just  below  the  Crooks' 
ranch.  The  plant  was  equipped  with  one  set  of  burrs, 
was  operated  by  water  power  and  had  a  capacity  of 
twenty-five  barrels  daily.  Its  natural  result  was  to  help 
keep  among  the  settlers  the  thousands  of  dollars  there- 
tofore expended  annually  for  flour  in  other  counties, 
and  to  stimulate  wheat  raising  among  the  populace. 

A  little  later  the  grange  built  a  hall  on  a  five-acre 
tract  of  land,  donated  to  them  by  J.  M.  Crooks,  south 
of  the  mill.  This  hall,  erected  under  the  supervision 
of  William  B.  Bloomer  and  Frank  D.  Vansise,  stands 
today  in  the  heart  of  Grangeville,  to  which  city  it  gave 
inception  and  name.  For  twenty  years  it  was  the 
favorite  meeting  place  of  the  prairie.  It  was  open  to 
preacher,  lecturer,  teacher  or  anyone  who  had  aught 
to  contribute  toward  the  enlightenment  or  entertain- 
ment of  the  community  and  it  has  certainly  contributed 
not  a  little  to  the  social  and  substantial  well  being  of 
the  people. 

Until  the  early  'eighties  Charity  Grange  was  the 
leading  combination  of  men  in  Idaho  county.  What- 
ever the  order  may  have  done  or  failed  to  do  in  other 
parts  of  the  American  Union,  it  must  certainly  be 
given  credit  for  having  effected  much  good  in  this  com- 
munity. It  came  at  a  critical  period  of  the  county's 
history,  gathered  up  the  scattered  and  divided  ele- 
ments of  strength  and  cemented  them  together  into  a 
harmonious,  energetic  body,  working  unitedly  for  the 
common  welfare.  It  was  one  of  the  important  fac- 
tors in  the  development  of  Idaho  county. 

The  momentous  year  of  1877  came  in  with  few 
clouds  in  the  sky,  but  before  it  was  half  over,  the  most 
awful  storm  burst  upon  the  county  and  north  Idaho 
that  has  ever  been  experienced  in  this  region  or  state. 
The  horrible  murders  by  which  the  Indian  war  was  in- 
augurated and  the  course  of  that  war  until  the  surrend- 
er of  Joseph  at  Bear  Paw  mountain,  have  been  given  in 
some  detail  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Besides  these 
horrors  many  homes  and  outbuildings  were  sacked  and 
destroyed  by  fire  and  hundreds  of  head  of  cattle  and 
horses  were  captured  and  appropriated  to  the  uses  of 
the  hostiles.  The  advertising  the  country  received, 
while  it  called  attention  to  its  undeveloped  resources, 
was  not  of  the  right  kind,  as  it  also  gave  the  impression 
that  central  Idaho  was  not  a  safe  place  in  which  to  live, 
an  impression  which  was  unfortunately  heightened 


during  the  next  year  or  two  by  the  Sheepeater  out- 
break. The  war,  however,  led  to  the  establishment  of 
Camp  Howard  on  the  prairie,  which  gave  assurance  to 
all  old  settlers  and  new  arrivals  that  they  would  be. 
fully  protected,  also  furnished  an  excellent  market  for 
such  of  the  farm  products  of  the  community  as  were 
needed  by  the  soldiers.  Camp  Howard  was  a  two  com- 
pany post,  established  by  Colonel  Green  and  com- 
manded by  Major  Hancock  and  Captains  Kroutinger 
and  McKeever  during  the  period  of  its  existence. 
When  it  was  abandoned  in  1881  an  indignant  and  en- 
ergetic though  unavailing  protest  was  raised  by  the 
people  of  this  and  Nez  Perces  county.  It  is  with  pleas- 
ure that  we  record  here  for  permanent  preservation  the 
names  of  the  volunteers  enrolled  at  Mount  Idaho  and 
Grangeville  for  service  in  the  war  of  1877,  with  their 
commissioned  and  non-commissioned  officers.  The  cor- 
rectness of  these  muster  rolls  was  certified  to  by  Major 
James  P.  Canby,  paymaster,  United  States  army,  in 
August,  1877,  and  by  affidavits  of  the  two  captains. 
They  are  as  follows : 

Roll  of  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  pri- 
vates enrolled  at  Mount  Idaho,  Idaho,  June  15,  1877: 
Captain,  D.  B.  Randall;  first  lieutenant,  James  Gear- 
ley  ;  second  lieutenant,  L.  P.  Wilmott ;  sergeants,  John 
McPherson,  J.  W.  Rainey,  F.  Oliver,  J.  W.  Eastman, 
Robert  Nugent :  corporals,  George  Smith,  John  Bower, 
M.  S.  Martin,  K.  W.  White,  George  Riggins,  John 
M.  Auchinvole ;  privates,  J.  T.  Aram,  John  Aram,  John 
R.  Adkison,  R.  D.  Adkison,  J.  O.  Barber,  R.  C. 
Brown,  W.  B.  Beamer,  L.  Bocher,  A.  D.  Bartley,  T.  J. 
Bunker,  James  Buchannan,  W.  Clark,  John  Crea, 
Thomas  Crea,  J.  Chapman,  H.  E.  Croasdale,  Green 
Dallas,  C.  M.  Day,  J.  W.  Eastman,  C.  T.  Eaton, 
Charles  Flynn,  H.  A.  Faxson,  William  Grotts,  George 
Hall,  Joseph  Hemelspak,  Joseph  Harrison,  J.  C.  Har- 
ris, John  Hansen,  D.  H.  Howser,  M.  V.  Jarrett,  F.  E. 
Jerome,  Peter  King,  F.  B.  King,  A.  B.  Leland,  B.  F. 
Morris,  Daniel  McPherson,  Cyrus  Overman,  Larry 
Ott,  D.  Ousterhaus.  Joseph  Peasley,  A.  F.  Plummer, 
J.  W.  Poe,  John  Riggins,  F.  M.  Rice,  M.  H.  Rice, 
C.  L.  Rice,  James  Rice,  J.  N.  Rice,  J.  G.  Rowton, 
J.  A.  Swarts,  F.  Shissler,  T.  D.  Swarts,  F.  M.  St. 
Clair,  Marion  Smith,  J.  M.  Snodgrass,  George  Sears, 
Vince  Tellis,  M.  H.  Truscott,  Frank  Vansise,  B.  R. 
Wilmot.  W.  West,  A.  I.  Watson,  T.  Wall.  J.  A.  Miller, 
George  M.  Shearer,  T.  W.  Girton,  George  Woodward, 
Ernest  Smith,  Hugh  Kennedy,  P.  Price,  P.  Mallick, 

B.  Penny,  P.  H.  Ready,  D.  H.  Telcher,  F.  Noyes,  T. 
Gano,  N.  Markham,  E.  Watkins,  James  Crea,  A.  A. 
Harris,   Elijah   Adkison,  T.   L.   Ward,   S.   S.   Fenn, 
L.   P.   Brown,    Sidney   B.    Brown,   William   Mitchell, 
Walter  B.  Fenn,  A.  falkington,  H.  C.  Johnson,  James 
Ragan,  C.  B.  Woods,  E.  C.  Sherwin,  Elbert  Sherwin, 
Perry  Sherwin,  Charles  Johnson,  James  Odle,  J.  M. 
Dorrhan,  Clyde  Fountain,  Thomas  Surridge,  John  Pe- 
terson, Elias  Shipley,  William  Gaddy,  C.  A.  Sears, 
Henry  Van  Buren,  Joseph  Richards,  Henry  Meyers, 
Norman  Gould.  Philip  Helmer,  H.  W.   Cone,   Isaac 
Orcutt,  J.  H.  Getter,  N.  B.  Mallory,  Charles  F.  Cone, 

C.  P.  Cone,  A.  Van   Side,  Samuel  Large,  John  S. 


A  GLIMPSE  OF  THE  KOOTENAI  NEAR  BONNERS  FERRY. 


SOLDIERS'  LOOKOUTS  OVERLOOKING  WHITEBIRD  CANYON  IN  THE  WAR  OF  1877. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Kelley,  James  Carey,  John  Wood,  M.  B.  Howard, 
William  Trieblecock,  John  Ramsey,  John  Stuart,  Ab- 
ner  Smith. 

Grangeville  volunteers:  W.  B.  Bloomer,  captain; 
A.  H.  Gordon,  C.  P.  Clingan,  A.  Shumway,  J.  T. 
Silverwood,  John  Johnson,  F.  M.  Hughes,  C.  M.  Red- 
man, S  Weaver,  W.  M.  Williams,  James  Flenne,  J.  M. 
Crooks,  John  Fields,  J.  H.  Ranch,  G.  W.  Hashagen, 
V.  D.  Remington,  W.  C.  Pearson,  W.  H.  Sebastian, 
J.  Brown,  J.  B.  Crooks,  J.  J.  Remington,  Charles 
Bentz.  Jacob  W.  Crooks,  Samuel  Harty,  S.  W. 
Reynolds,  Charles  Crooks,  E.  S.  Remington,  John  By- 
rom,  D.  C.  Crooks,  James  L.  Crooks,  M.  P.  Crooks, 
James  Spence,  Robert  Wilmot,  John  Flynn,  Patk. 
Curtin,  Frank  Weichel,  E.  W.  Robie,  John  Healy,  John 
Weaver.  C.  H.  Robinson,  C.  H.  Brown,  Albert 
Bensching,  John  Mitchell. 

The  return  of  a  small  remnant  of  Joseeph's  scat- 
tered band  of  hostiles  caused  a  little  flurry  of  excite- 
ment in  Idaho  county  during  the  summer  of  1878. 
This  remnant  consisted  of  perhaps  half  a  dozen  war- 
riors and  their  squaws  and  children,  but  in  their  efforts 
to  slip  back  to  the  reservation  unobserved  they  ap- 
peared to  be  several  times  their  real  number.  Whether 
.  or  not  they  belonged  to  White  Bird's  band  is  not 
known,  but  it  is  certain  that  they  had  been  driven  out 
of  southwestern  Montana  by  a  detachment  of  troops, 
and  had  crossed  the  Bitter  Root  range,  proceeding 
thence  westward  via  Elk  City.  Near  this  little  min- 
ing town  they  stopped  at  a  Chinaman's  house  early 
one  August  morning  and  forced  him  to  prepare  food 
for  them.  While  they  were  engaged  here  they  were 
seen  by  one  of  the  white  men  living  nearby,  who  hastily 
spread  the  news  that  a  band  of  hostile  Indians  was 
about  to  attack  the  town.  The  few  white  men  in  the 
camp  thereupon  repaired  hurriedly  to  the  old  fort  con- 
structed by  them  during  the  Indian  war,  there  to  await 
further  de'velpoments.  Two  of  the  whites  ventured  to 
the  outskirts  of  the  town,  whence  they  could  see  the 
little  band  of  redskins  as  they  passed  near  the  place. 
As  soon  as  the  Indians  saw  that  they  were  observed  by 
the  whites,  they  fled  in  the  direction  of  Newsome  creek. 
•  Here  they  plundered  a  Chinese  store  and  stole  a  horse, 
after  which  they  continued  westward. 

Meanwhile  James  B.  Sloan,  one  of  the  residents  of 
Elk  City,  volunteered  to  inform  the  commandant  at 
Camp  Howard  of  the  actions  of  this  band  of  Indians 
and  through  him  the  news  reached  Camas  prairie.  At 
Mount  Idaho  a  few  settlers  under  command  of  Benja- 
min F.  Morris  went  in  search  of  the  renegades  and 
soon  came  upon  them  near  the  Clearwater  beyond 
Jackson's  bridge.  On  the  approach  of  the  whites  the 
Indians  scattered  and  fled.  They  ultimately  reached 
the  reservation  in  safety,  without  committing  further 
depredations. 

Doubtless  a  few  other  members  of  Joseph's  band 
reached  the  Sheepeater  country  in  the  southern  por- 
tion of  Idaho  county  during  that  same  summer  and  the 
succeeding  winter,  and  were  instrumental  in  inciting 
the  outbreak  which  occurred  in  that  region  the  next 
year.  Here  they  would  find  renegades  from  nearly 
every  tribe  in  this  section  of  the  northwest— Nez 


Perces,  Bannocks,  Shoshones,  Umatillas  and  a  few 
Montana  Indians  and  doubtless  representatives  of 
other  tribes.  All  were  outlaws,  fugitives  from  the 
courts  of  the  white  man  or  from  the  wrath  of  their  own 
tribesmen,  joined  to  each  other  only  by  the  bonds  of 
fear  and  companionship  in  crime.  In  their  mountain 
retreats  they  were  safe  from  pursuit  and  capture. 

What  is  known  as  the  Sheepeater's  country  is  the 
wildest  and  most  impenetrable  region  in  Idaho,  if  not 
in  the  entire  Northwest.  It  is  a  region  of  indescribable 
ruggedness  and  grandeur.  Hoary  mountain  peaks 
with  their  green  mantles  of  forest  alternate  with 
abyssmal  canyons  thousands  of  feet  in  depth  along 
whose  bottoms  the  waters  of  angry  mountain  torrents 
leap  and  dash  and  writhe  in  their  efforts  to  free  them- 
selves from  their  rocky  bounds.  There  are  no  broad 
prairies  or  level  tracts  of  any  size  here;  nothing  but 
precipitous  mountain  sides  and  sheer  canyons  for  the 
most  part.  Along  the  crests  of  the  highest  ridges  with 
an  occasional  abrupt  descent  into  the  canyons  the  old 
Indian '  trails  wind  and  there  are  no  more  tortuous 
paths  than  these  in  all  the  Northwest.  The  forests 
abound  in  game;  the  streams  teem. with  fish  and  these 
constituted  the  principal  subsistence  of  the  Sheep- 
eaters.  The  big  horn  or  mountain  sheep  were  very 
numerous  in  this  region  until  a  comparatively  short 
time  ago  and  because  of  the  fact  that  the  Indians  who 
lived  here  were  such  successful  hunters  of  this  most 
elusive  game  and  to  a  large  extent  lived  on  their  meat, 
they  were  called  the  "Sheepeaters." 

So  far  as  is  known  no  serious  crimes  were  ever 
laid  at  their  door  until  the  outbreak  of  1879.  They 
were  seldom  seen  by  the  whites,  but  kept  in  their 
mountain  fastnesses,  well  hidden  from  the  curious 
gaze  of  civilized  man.  Occasionally  two  or  three  came 
into  Warren  with  strings  of  fish  or  with  game,  but 
even  these  seldom  stayed  long.  The  Sheepeaters  were 
very  poor,  possessing  only  a  few  guns  and  few  if  any 
horses, — so  poor,  indeed,  that  to  many  it  was  a  mys- 
tery how  they  managed  to  exist.  They  were  not  con- 
sidered Indians  of  good  moral  character,  but  as  long 
as  thev  left  the  whites  alone  the  latter  were  content  to 
treat  them  in  like  manner,  and  there  was  peace  between 
them  for  many  years.  The  Sheepeaters  wintered  on 
the  east  fork  of  the  Salmon.  During  the  summer  they 
roamed  throughout  that  part  of  Idaho  county  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  main  Salmon,  on  the  east  by  Lemhi 
county  and  on' the  west  by  the  south  fork.  An  Indian 
known  as  War  Jack  seemed  to  be  their  chief,  while 
Chuck  and  Boyer  also  exercised  dominion  among  the 
band.  James  Edwards,  who  was  a  resident  of  Warren 
for  many  years  and  to  whom  we  acknowledge  indebt- 
edness for  much  of  our  information  concerning  these 
Indians,  estimates  their  number  at  nearly  150,  of  whom 
perhaps  forty  of  fifty  were  men. 

There  seems  to  have  been  no  excuse  for  the  Sheep- 
eaters'  taking  up  arms  against  the  government  in 
1879.  The  only  reasonable  explanation  of  their  con- 
duct seems  to  be  that  they  were  incited  to  the  upris- 
ing by  renegades  who  joined  them  after  the  Nez  Perces 
war  of  1877  anfl  the  Bannock  campaign  in  1878.  But 
whatever  may  have  been  the  cause,  they  commenced, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


early  in  the  spring  of  1879,  a  series  of  depredations  and 
murders.  In  the  hostilities  which  ensued  they  eluded 
three  bodies  of  troops  sent  against  them,  defeating  one, 
and  resisted  capture  until  late  in  the  fall,  when  they 
surrenderee!  with  all  the  honors  of  war — quite  a  record 
considering  the  circumstances. 

Along  the  south  fork  of  the  Salmon  there  were  in 
1879  four  small  farms,  all  on  a  narrow  strip  of  land 
along  the  bed  of  the  canyon  and  each  isolated  from  the 
others  except  by  round-about  trails  through  Warren. 
From  James  P.  Rain's  place,  just  above  the  mouth  of 
the  south  fork,  to  Hugh  Johnson's  ranch,  the  farthest 
up  the  stream,  the  distance  was  forty  miles,  while  be- 
tween these  two  places  were  those  of  "Sylvester  S.  (bet- 
ter known  as  "Three-Fingered")  Smith  and  A.  D. 
Smeacl.  Each  of  these  places  was,  as  just  stated, 
reached  by  a  trail  leading  from  Warren.  There  were 
a  few  bars  along  the  river  where  placer  mining  was 
carried  on,  though  even  these  were  for  the  most  part 
then  deserted.  All  four  of  the  ranchmen  mentioned, 
except  Johnson,  had  families. 

At  Johnson's  place  the  Sheepeaters  opened  the  war 
— if  the  outbreak  may  with  propriety  be  referred  to  as 


hard,  they  fell  upon  him  in  his  lonely  cabin  and  killed 
him.  For  what  particular  reason  they  chose  him  as 
their  first  victim  it  is  not  known,  as  he  is  not  accused 
of  having  ever  done  anything  to  arouse  their  wrath. 
They  may  have  been  aware  that  he  was  alone  and  per- 
haps they  coveted  his  horses.  Peter  Dorsey.  who  was 
staying  ai  the  ranch  just  below,  went  over  to  visit 
Johnson  the  latter  part  of  April.  He  was  greeted  with 
death-dealing  bullets  and  his  life  blotted  out.  As  Dor- 
sey did  not  return  within  a  reasonable  time,  and  as 
nothing  was  heard  of  Johnson,  friends  decided  late 
in  May  to  investigate  and  accordingly  a  party  con- 
sisting of  William  Kelly,  J.  Jenkins  and  A.  D.  Smeacl 
went  to  the  Johnson  home.  They  failed  to  find  anyone 
at  the  house  or  nearby  and  saw  that  the  cabin  had  been 
entered  and  plundered  and  that  the  horses  were  gone. 
Fearing  that  the  worst  had  happened,  the  party  went 
back  to  Warren,  secured  reinforcements  in  the  persons 
of  George  Riebold,  P.  Reamer,  E.  IJrooks.  C.  Stark 
arid  C.  Johnson  ;  then  returned  for  a  more  thorough 
search  of  the  premises.  They  found  in  a  nearby  field 
the  decomposed  bodies  of  Johnson  and  Dorsey.'  bear- 
ing gunshot  wounds.  Indian  signs  were  discovered 
and  all  the  circumstances  warranted  the  conclusion  that 
the  outrage  had  been  committed  by  redmen. 

The  settlers  immediately  despatched  a  messenger 
TO  Camp  Howard,  requesting  the  commandant  of  that 
post  to  send  a  force  to  protect  the  community  and  cap- 
ture the  Indians.  Lieutenant  Catley,  on  receipt  of  the 
news,  made  preparations  to  begin  a  campaign  against 
the  Sheepeaters.  By  the  first  of  July  he  set  out  with 
about  sixty  mounted  infantrymen,  members  of  the 
Second  Infantry,  U.  S.  A.,  and" a  large  packtrain  loaded 
with  sufficient  supplies  to  last  several  weeks.  Besides 
the  regulars,  several  scouts  were  recruited  and  these 
with  the  packers  brought  the  total  strength  of  the 
column  up  to  about  seventy  men.  The  expedition 
reached  Warren  early  in  July  and  after  tarrying  there 


a  short  time  took  up  thi 
~ount 


ch  into  the  Sheepeatei 


e  scous,  a  e  a  seen  nan  sgns  urng 
rning  about  eight  miles  below  the  camp  on  Big 
creek.  This  stream  heads  north  of  Thunder  mountain 
and  flowing  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  empties  into 
the  middle  fork  of  the  Salmon  river.  For  most  of  it 
length  it  rushes  through 


nans,  e  aac  on  e  troops,  te  retreat,  te  gt 
on  Vinegar  hill  and  the  journey  back  to  Warren  —  we 
shall  relv  principally  on  an  official  report  made  by 
Lieutenant  Muhlenberg,  a  member  of  the  expedition, 
to  Lieutenant  C.  M.  Rowell.  regimental  adjutant  of  the 
Second  Infantry.  This  report  bears  date  of  October 


on  nantry.  This  report  bears  date  of  October 
2,  1879.  The  copy  before  us  belongs  to  Mrs.  Matthew 
Truscott,  of  Mount  Idaho.  As  far  as  possible  the 
statements  made  in  the  report  have  been  verified  by 
reference  to  other  authorities. 

Upon  receipt  of  White's  information,  Monroe  com- 
municated the  news  to  Lieutenant  Catley.  who  lis- 
patience to  the  report,  referring  to  it  as 


"foolish  story."     Ho 


, 
n  his  return  to  camp  an 


oos  sory.  owever,  on  s  return 
hour  later,  Catley  had  the  story  told  a  second  time, 
then  ordered  the  troops  to  camp  for  the  night,  de- 
spite Lieutenant  Webster's  suggestion  that  there  was 
still  plenty  of  time  to  send  out  a  scouting  party.  The 
following  morning  between  the  hours  of  six  and  seven 
o'clock  the  troops  broke  camp  and  started  down  I>ig 
creek  toward  the  location  of  the  supposed  Indian  camp, 
leaving  Lieutenant  Webster  and  seven  men  in  charge 
of  the  pack  train.  They  marched  in  single  file  along 
the  bed  of  the  canyon,  David  Monroe  and  Josh.  Fock- 
ler,  volunteer  scouts,  in  the  lead.  The  Indian  camp, 
was  reached  about  ten  o'clock  and  found  deserted,  the 
redskins  having  doubtless  become  aware  of  the  pres- 
ence of  the  troops.  Judging  from  all  signs  it  was  evi- 
dent that  the  Indians  had  departed  about  two  hours 
previously. 

Catley  destroyed  what  was  left  of  any  value  and 
pushed  forward  without  taking  the  customary  pre- 
caution to  throw  out  an  advance  guard  and  flankers 
on  the  ridges  to  his  right  and  left.  The  troops  had 
proceeded  in  this  manner  about  two  miles  clown  the 
canyon  when  suddenly  from  the  opposite  side  of  the 
creek,  abont  a  hundred  yards  distant,  a  fierce  volley 
greeted  the  little  body  of  men.  Following  the  example 
of  Lieutenant  Catley,  who  at  the  first  fire  leaped  from 
his  horse  and  sought  the  shelter  of  a  large  tree  stand- 
ing near  the  trail,  the  men  dismounted  and  sought  pro- 
tection from  the  fire  of  the  enemy.  Some  stood  behind 
their  horses,  others  hid  behind  'trees,  and  still  others 
went  into  the  brush.  Two  of  their  number,  Privates 
James  Doyle  and  A.  R.  Holmes,  of  Company  C,  were 
severely  wounded  before  they  could  get  out  of  reach 
of  the  galling  fire.  Catley  issued  no  orders,  although 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


his  men  were  expecting  at  any  moment  to  receive  the 
command  to  charge  or  to  return  the  fire.  Lieutenant 
Kohlenberg  hurried  to  his  superior's  side  to  receive 
orders,  but  none  were  given.  First  Sergeant  John  F. 
Sullivan  then  approached  Catley  and  reported,  but, 
like  Muhlenberg,  received  no  reply.  The  commander 
seemed  utterly  dumb  with  fright. 

Sergeant  Sullivan  then  reported  to  Lieutenant 
Muhlenberg,  who  ordered  that  the  command  prepare 
to  retreat,  pending  orders  from  Catley.  The  situation 
was  critical  and  Muhlenberg  feared  that  the  Indians 
would  cut  off  their  retrat  and  so  completely  surround 
them.  This  was  the  substance  of  his  report  to  Catley. 
Instead  of  replying,  the  thoroughly  demoralized  com- 
mander ran  from  his  tree  down  into  the  bushes. 
Muhlenberg  pursued  his  superior,  seeking  to  gain  a 
reply  from  him.  After  running  about  sixty  yards  he 
met  Dr.  Pring,  the  medical  officer  with  the  troops. 
This  officer,  instead  of  attending  to  the  wounded  men, 
I  was  also  in  the  rear,  and  in  response  to  Lieutenant 
Muhlenberg's  query  as  to  why  he  was  not  with  the 
wounded,  replied  that  he  could  get  no  help.  Hasten- 
ing onward  Muhlenberg  at  last  cornered  his  superior 
officer  and  again  requested  orders.  By  this  time  Cat- 
ley  had  partly  recovered  himself  and  he  ordered  Ser- 
geant Sullivan  to  detail  five  men  to  bring  in  the 
wounded,  which  was  successfully  accomplished.  The 
command  was  ordered  to  retreat  up  the  creek  to  the 
first  clearing  and,  as  might  have  been  expected,  Catley 
took  his  place  at  the  head  of  the  column,  although  he 
was  in  the  rear  .while  the  command  was  going  down 
the  creek.  Arriving  at  the  clearing  without  further 
molestation,  Catley  decided  to  remain  there  until  the 
next  morning,  while  his  pack  train  came  up,  and  ac- 
cordingly camp  was  pitched  and  a  heavy  picket  line 
thrown  out.  Half  an  hour  after  the  camp  was  made, 
Lieutenant  Webster  and  the  pack  train  arrived.  The 
night  passed  quietly,  the  Indians  making  no  further 
attacks. 

Early  the  next  morning  the  camp  was  astir  and  as 
soon  as  the  troops  could  be  fed  and  the  wounded  cared 
for  and  placed  in  a  comfortable  position  for  traveling, 
the  retreat  was  continued.  Catley  decided  to  try  to 
reach  the  summit  of  the  high  mountain  on  the  north 
and  issued  orders  for  the  command  to  move  up  a  long, 
rocky  ridge  in  that  direction.  The  wounded  were 
placed  on  horses  between  the  main  body  of  troops  and 
the  pack  train,  which,  under  Lieutenant  Webster, 
brought  up  the  rear.  The  head  of  the  column  had 
reached  a  point  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the 
base  of  the  ridge  when  the  pack  train  in  the  rear  was 
energetically  attacked.  By  sharp  fighting  Webster  and 
Muhlenberg  brought  the  train  safely  within  the  lines. 

Meanwhile,  however,  the  Indians  had  attacked  the 
head  of  the  column,  thus  striking  from  two  points  at 
the  same  lime  and  holding  the  troops  between  a  cross 
fire.  Two  small  detachments  of  skirmishers  were  sent 
forward  to  drive  back  the  redskins  in  front,  but  before 
they  could  attack,  were  recalled  by  Catley.  Again  a 
spirit  of  indecision  seems  to  have  taken  possession  of 
the  commander,  for  he  failed  to  order  a  move  either 
backward  or  forward,  paralyzed  apparently  with  fear. 


The  Indians  fired  the  brush  and  grass  at  the  base  of  the 
ridge  with  the  evident  purpose  of  further  demoralizing 
the  troops,  but  the  scheme  failed.  For  fourteen  hours 
the  troops  were  kept  in  this  position  and  during  the 
whole  time  only  five  shots  were  fired  by  the  soldiers, 
at  least  so  says  Lieutenant  Muhlenberg  in  his  report. 
The  creek  was  half  a  mile  away  and  there  being  no 
other  water  supply  near  at  hand,  both  men  and  ani- 
mals suffered  the  tortures  of  thirst,  that  scorching  July 
day.  Eventually,  so  the  story  is  told,  the  men  broke 
into  a  small  keg  of  vinegar  which  was  found  in  the 
pack  train,  and  with  its  contents  partly  allayed  their 
thirst.  From  this  incident  Vinegar  hill  received  its 
name. 

Finally,  between  midnight  of  the  3Oth  and  two 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  3ist,  the  command 
moved  swiftly  down  the  precipitous  hillside  on  their 
left,  crossed  the  creek  and  ascended  the  mountain  on 
that  tide.  Before  the  troops  stopped  that  day  they  had 
traveled,  it  is  estimated  by  Muhlenberg,  approximately 
forty  miles.  During  the  hasty  flight  of  the  troops  and 
in  the  attack  preceding  the  retreat  from  Vinegar  hill. 
the  greater  portion  of  the  pack  train  was  lost.  It 
proved  a  welcome  addition  to  the  Indian's  supplies, 
furnishing  them  with  needed  provisions,  equipments 
and  ammunition.  They  secured  two  guns  left  behind 
by  the  two  wounded 'soldiers.  While  scaling  the 
heights  across  the  creek,  Lieutenant  Muhlenberg  was 
thrown  from  his  horse  and  one  of  his  knee  caps  dis- 
located. In  this  predicament  he  was  found  by  Private 
Jackman.  who  placed  him  upon  his  ( Jackman's)  horse 
and  himself  walked. 

The  next  morning  at  two  o'clock  the  forced  march 
was  again  taken  up  and  continued  until  ten  o'clock  that 
night,  about  fifty  miles  being  made.  A  short  march  the 
next  morning  brought  the  exhausted  soldiers  to  War- 
ren, where  a  brief  rest  was  given  the  men  before  pro- 
ceeding farther  from  the  scene  of  hostilities.  There- 
upon Catley  set  out  for  Warm  Springs,  where  he  met 
Colonel  Bernard,  who,  with  a  small  force,  had  just 
arrived  from  Fort  Boise. 

Thus  ended  the  ill-fated  Catley  expedition.  Its 
members  had  gone  forth  well  equipped  for  the  fray 
and  with  high  hopes  of  success.  They  were  defeated  in 
the  first  skirmish,  then  began  a  retreat,  which,  it  is 
hoped,  finds  few  parallels  for  ignominy  in  the  annals 
of  the  American  army.  Catley  covered,  in  two  days 
and  a  half,  a  distance  that  it  had  taken  him  eleven  days 
to  traverse  by  ordinary  marches.  According  to  Muhl- 
enberg's  report,  two  men  had  been  wounded,  and  Mr. 
Edwards  says  that  one  other  was  killed.  The  Indians 
had  captured  most  of  the  pack  train  and  thereby 
strengthened  themselves  materially  for  a  long  cam- 
paign. Lieutenant  Muhlenberg  says  of  his  superior 
officer:  "Lieutenant  Catley.  I  think." acted  as  a  coward 
and  is  totally  unfit  to  take  command  of  any  body  of 


iubseqtu 

Wafla  Walla  on  a  charge 
the  other  members  of  the  e 
enberg  says :  "As  to  the  < 
ster,  everywhere  1  saw  hit 
collected.  I  never  got  to  : 


martialed  at 
Speaking  of 
enant  Muni- 
tenant  Web- 
be  cool  and 
.s  he  was  al- 


396 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ways  behind  in  charge  of  the  pack  train.  Lieutenant 
Catley's  men  behaved  very  well  and  seemed  willing  to 
obey  any  order  given  to  them.  They  did  not  seem  ex- 
cited in  the  least." 

On  Catley's  arrival  at  Warm  Springs,  he  was  re- 
lieved of  his  command  by  Colonel  Bernard,  and  pro- 
ceeded thence  to  Camp  Howard.  Bernard  at  once 
moved  with  his  force  and  a  portion  of  Catley's  troops 
into  the  Sheepeater  country.  At  Warren  he  left  a 
guard  of  twelve  cavalrymen  to  reinforce  the  garrison, 
for  the  citizens  of  that  place,  about  one  hundred  in 
number,  having  become  alarmed  after  Catley's  defeat, 
had  organized  a  volunteer  company,  which  they  had 
placed  under  command  of  Captain  James  W.  Poe,  and 
had  taken  possession  of  the  old  stockade  built  in  1877. 
For  some  time  they  posted  pickets  around  the  town 
every  night. 

While  Colonel  Bernard  and  his  force  are  engaged 
in  their  futile  campaign,  let  us  detail  the  second  trag- 
edy that  was  enacted  upon  the  south  fork  of  the  Sal- 
mon,— a  tragedy  that  set  the  whole  community  in  a 
blaze  of  righteous  indignation  and  fanned  the  flames  of 
the  country's  passion  to  such  fierceness  that  had  the 
Sheepeaters  been  immediately  captured  they  would 
probably  have  been  summarily  dealt  with.  The  scene 
is  laid  at  the  ranch  of  James  P.  Rains  on  the  south 
fork,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  its  mouth.  Here 
Mr.  Rains  and  his  family  had  lived  for  a  number  of 
years  and  by  dint  of  hard  work  had  accumulated  a  val- 
uable property.  In  earlier  times  a  portion  of  the 
ground  along  the  river  had  been  worked  as  placer 
mines  and  a  thriving  little  camp  had  sprung  up  which 
was  now,  however,  deserted.  So  far  as  is  known  Mr. 
Rains  had  never  quarreled  with  the  Indians  and  in  that 
region  was  held  in  high  respect  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Like  many  others  he  was  'not  apprehensive  of 
special  danger,  thinking  that  any  desire  the  Indians 
might  have  for  fighting  would  be  fully  satisfied  by 
Lieutenant  Catley.  He  therefore  felt'  safe  in  his 
home,  and  was  engaged  in  gathering  the  year's  hay 
crop,  when  Catley's  troops  came  streaming  homeward 
after  the  encounters  on  Big  creek  and  at  Vinegar  hill. 
The  jaded  troops  and  excited  commander  passed  the 
Rains  home,  informed  the  family  that  they  must  flee 
as  the  Indians  were  in  close  pursuit,  then  passed  hur- 
riedly onward,  leaving  Rains  and  his  wife  and  two 
little  children  to  fight  their  own  way  into  Warren  unas- 
sisted, if  fight  they  must. 

Having  "safely  sheltered  his  family  within  the 
stockade  at  Warren,  Mr.  Rains,  inasmuch  as  no  signs 
of  the  Indians  were  discoverable  in  the  neighborhood, 
got  ready  to  return  to  his  place  that  he  might  attend 
to  several  important  matters  overlooked  in  the  haste 
of  preparation  for  flight.  James  Edwards  and  Harry 
Serrin  offered  to  accompany  Rains  that  he  might  the 
sooner  be  ready  to  return  to  town.  Heavily  armed  and 
watchful  for  the  dusky  foe,  the  three  set  out  for  the 
ranch.  Ten  days  had  now  elapsed  since  Catley's  re- 
turn and  Bernard  was  well  on  his  way  into  the  in- 
terior. Rains,  Edwards  and  Serrin  reached  their  des- 
tination in  safety  and  immediately  set  to  work  taking 
care  of  the  hay  crop  and  otherwise  looking  after  the 


place.  On  Friday,  August  isth,  Albert  Webber,  a 
young  brother-in-law  of  Rains,  who  lived  on  Camas 
prairie  and  had  come  to  his  aid,  joined  the  party  at  the 
ranch.  His  companions  told  him  that  they  would  fin- 
ish the  next  day  and  suggested  that  he  act  as  cook 
while  they  completed  the  haying.  To  this  plan  Webber 
assented.  The  hot  August  sun  beat  down  fiercely  upon 
the  bed  of  the  deep  canyon,  so  fiercely  that  the  men 
usually  took  a  long  nooning  and  to  make  up  this  loss  ' 
of  time  commenced  work  at  daybreak  and  continued 
it,  with  few  intermissions,  until  dark.  Everything  else 
had  been  attended  to  and  they  worked  enegetically  all 
day  Friday  and  Saturday  that  they  might  return  to 
Warren  Sunday.  From  the  first  they  had  worked  with 
their  rifles  by  their  sides.  They  were  ever  vigilant, 
for  they  were  all  frontiersmen  and  well  aware  of  the 
dangers  around  them. 

Saturday  morning  they  carried  their  rifles  with 
:hem  into  the  field  as  usual.  Toward  noon  they  re- 
turned to  the  house,  where  they  partook  of  the  midday 
refreshments,  then  rested  until  about  three  o'clock. 
They  discussed  the  advisability  of  carrying  their 
weapons  back  to  the  field  that  afternoon  and,  unfor- 
tunately, decided  to  dispense  with  the  usual  precaution. 

Faithfully  they  worked  and  at  last  were  pressing 
the  last  bale  when  from  the  direction  of  the  cabin  a 
rifle  ball  sped  swiftly  by  them.  The  gathering  twi- 
light deepened.  Distant  objects  took  a  shadowy  form 
and  were  rapidly  becoming  undiscernable.  The  three 
men  were  startled  by  the  close  proximity  of  the  shot 
and  remarked  that  Webber  must  be  shooting  at  a 
grouse.  Hardly  had  they  uttered  the  remark  when  a 
volley  greeted  them,  several  bullets  whizzing  uncom- 
fortably close  to  their  ears.  Edwards,  who  was  on  top 
of  the  press,  yelled  to  his  companions  to  fall  behind  the 
press,  then  he  himself  jumped  from  his  exposed  posi- 
tion. 

There  was  no  doubt  now  as  to  the  source  of  those 
shots.  The  Indians  were  at  their  bloody  work.  It 
was  now  a  fight  for  life  with  the  odds  greatly  against 
the  four  men.  Between  the  three  in  the  field  and  the 
house  a  small  creek  rushed  down  from  the  steep  moun- 
tain side,  cutting  its  course  through  a  densely  wooded 
channel  forty  feet  in  depth  to  the  river.  To  this  creek 
the  three  made  their  way  as  rapidly  as  they  could. 
Here  they  consulted  as  to  the  best  course  to  pursue. 
The  longer  they  tarried  the  more  probable  it  was  that 
they  would  be  completely  cut  off  from  the  house  and 
the  weapons  and  the  more  nearly  certain  they  were 
of  death.  They  decided  to  make  a  dash  for  the  house 
at  all  hazards  and  cautiously  climbing  up  the  creek's 
bank,  they  started  along  the  trail,  Rains  in  advance. 
About  half  way  between  the  creek  and  the  cabin  a  low 
rocky  point  juts  out  from  the  west  and  over  this  small 
eminence  the  trail  led.  All  were  now  running  rap- 
idly. "Keep  down  from  the  point !"  Edwards  and 
Serrin  cried  to  Rains,  but  the  latter  for  some  reason 
heeded  them  not  and  kept  to  the  trail,  while  his  com- 
panions rounded  the  point.  Just  as  Rains  reached  the 
summit  a  gun  flashed  and  the  brave  pioneer  stopped 
and  staggered.  A  ball  had  pierced  his  right  hip. 
Another  shot  rang  out,  this  time  from  the  direction  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


397 


the  house.  Rains  received  the  leaden  missile  in  the 
chest.  It  tore  a  frightful  wound  in  his  body. 

Edwards  and  Serrin  saw  him  fall;  they  saw  the 
flash  of  the  gun  from  the  direction  of  the  cabin ;  they 
heard  the  shooting  in  many  directions,  especially  on 
their  right,  where  it  was  afterwards  learned  that  Web- 
ber had  been  directing  his  fire  against  the  Indians. 
The  two  men  decided  that  Webber  had  been  taken  and 
that  they  had  better  retreat  to  the  creek  canyon.  Back- 
ward they, went  over  their  former  tracks  and  reached 
the  creek  bottom  unharmed.  No  safety  there.  They 
must  be  moving,  so  up  the  creek  they  walked  and 
crawled  and  ran  until  they  reached  a  point  where  the 
stream  forks,  a  place  they  had  never  visited  thereto- 
fore. The  night  had  now  descended  upon  the  scene 
and  not  one  of  nature's  beacons  shone  brightly  enough 
to  furnish  a  light  to  their  pathway — a  fortunate  cir- 
cumstance. At  the  forks  they  again  stopped  and  con- 
sidered their  situation.  The  Indians  would  doubtless 
discover  that  they  had  escaped  to  the  creek  and  would 
therefore  follow  them,  the  men  reasoned.  Why  not 
take  the  illogical  course  and  scale  the  point  between 
.  the  two  forks  ?  The  Indians  would  not  think  that  they 
had  pursued  such  a  course  and  had  the  two  whites  been 
acquainted  with  the  nature  of  the  path  they  took,  it  is 
extremely  doubtful  if  even  they  in  their  desperate 
straits  would  have  undertaken  to  climb  the  precipice  be- 
fore them.  But  it  was  night  and  they  saw  not.  Hour 
after  hour  they  toiled  upward  over  the  sharp  rocks 
and  through  the  scattering  pines,  now  falling,  now 
slipping,  always  saving  themselves  by  clutching  the 
branches  and  bushes  near  them,  steadily  and  cau- 
tiously moving  upward  until  at  least  they  reached  the 
top  of  the  ridge.  Below  them  five  thousand  feet  or 
thereabouts  lay  the  creek.  Soon,  on  each  side  of  them, 
a  signal  fire  blazed  forth  in  the  darkness  and  thankful 
then  were  the  two  hunted  men  that  they  had  ascended 
the  point  instead  of  one  of  the  forks.  They  were  so 
exhausted  that  they  crawled  into  a  nearby  thicket  and 
slept  for  a  short  time,  little  caring  what  the  redskins 
were  doing,  as  long  as  they  were  separated  from  them 
by  yawning  canyons.  At  daybreak  they  awoke  and 
readily  found  an  old  trail  which  they  followed  into 
Warren,  arriving  there  about  seven  o'clock.  A  little 
later  Webber  arrived,  much  to  the  surprise  of  Edwards 
and  Serrin.  His  escape  had  been  almost  as  marvelous 
as  that  of  his  companions. 

As  soon  as  the  Indians  opened  fire  on  the  whites 
Webber  had  grasped  the  situation  and  prepared  to  de- 
fend the  cabin  to  the  last.  He  had  not  done  much 
shooting,  because  he  expected  those  who  were  in  the 
field  to  arrive  almost  any  minute.  Soon  after  dark 
Rains  came  to  the  door  and  was  let  in  by  Webber,  who 
laid  him  upon  a  couch  and  ministered  as  best  he  could 
to  his  wants.  Rains  called  for  water  and  after  drink- 
ing a  little,  moaned  in  his  extreme  pain,  then  passed 
away  peacefully.  Webber  was  now  confronted  with  a 
still  more  serious  danger.  The  Indians  lighted  several 
bonfires  around  the  house  for  the  purpose  of  better 
watching  the  movements  of  the  man  in  the  cabin.  Just 
as  he  was  about  to  despair  of  escape  the  fire  in  the 
rear  of  the  cabin  became  very  low.  Now  that  Rains 


was  beyond  any  aid,  Webber  eagerly  grasped  the  op- 
portunity and,  taking  the  best  gun  of  the  four,  crawled 
away  into  a  shallow  ravine  in  the  rear  of  the  cabin 
and  thence  to  the  creek  heretofore  spoken  of.  He  as- 
cended the  side  of  the  precipitous  canyon  below  the 
forks  and  after  a  hard  climb  finally  reached  the  summit. 
From  that  point  he  saw  the  Indians  burn  the  buildings 
on  the  ranch  and  the  few  old  miners'  cabins  which  also 
stood  along  the  river.  He  estimated  the  number  of  the 
Indians  who  took  part  in  this  attack  as  no  less  than 
seven,  though  he  thought  there  might  be  more. 

At  Warren  a  party  of  eighteen  well  armed  men, 
under  the  leadership  of  N.  B.  Willey,  at  once  took 
the  field  with  an  idea  of  pursuing  the  Indians.  A 
messenger,  Charles  Bright,  was  despatched  with  the 
news  to  Colonel  Bernard.  The  little  company  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Rains  ranch  and  there  found  the  usual 
scene  of  desolation  following  an  Indian  attack.  In 
the  ruins  of  the  cabin,  where  the  Rains  family  had  made 
their  home  and  where  Webber  had  made  his  stand, 
they  found  the  charred  bones  of  -Rains's  body,  which 
were  taken  to  Warren  and  properly  interred.  The 
damage  to  the  ranch  was  estimated  at  $3,000,  a  sum 
which  the  government  was  asked  to  pay  to  the  widow, 
but  her  claim,  like  all  of  Idaho  county's  Indian  war 
claims,  was  thrown  out  by  the  commission.  The  vol- 
unteers followed  the  trail  of  the  Indians  for  several 
miles  into  the  interior,  but  finally  gave  up  the  chase 
as  too  precarious  and  uncertain  a  venture. 

Such  is  the  story  of  the  famous  Rains  massacre  as 
told  the  writer  by  one  who  was  present  and  whose 
escape  has  been  chronicled,  James  Edwards,  now  a  res- 
ident of  Grangeville.  His  home  is  brightened. by  the 
presence  of  a  devoted  wife,  who  was  formerly  the  mis- 
tress of  his  murdered  friend's  home.  Mr.  "Rains,  an 
Oregonian  by  birth,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Idaho 
county  and  a  man  highly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew 
him.  He  was  young  at  the  time  of  his  death,  perhaps 
somewhere  in  the  early  thirties. 

Colonel  Bernard  remained  in  the  mountains  until 
early  in  September.  His  campaign  was  not  successful 
in  capturing  the  warring  redskins,  though  the  pres- 
ence of  the  troops  doubtless  kept  the  Indians  from 
committing  other  outrages.  Upon  Bernard's  return 
to  Boise,  Lieutenant  Farrow  was  ordered  into  the  field, 
with  instructions  to  commence  a  fall  campaign  against 
the  Sheepeaters,  an  order  which  he  proceeded  to 
promptly  carry  out.  Under  his  command  was  placed 
a  force  of  forty  soldiers  and  twenty  Umatilla  scouts. 
This  force  proceeded  to  Big  creek  over  the  same  route 
that  its  two  predecessors  had  taken.  This  time  the 
Indians  were  located  and  Farrow  succeeded  in  treat- 
ing with  them  through  his  Umatilla  scouts.  Farrow 
was  energetic  and  succeeded  in  impressing  the  hostiles 
with  his  strength  and  determination  to  capture  them. 
It  being  very  late  in  the  season,  the  Indians,  who  were 
but  poorly  equipped  for  carrying  on  a  long  campaign, 
ultimately  decided  to  surrender  to  Farrow.  Few  In- 
dians ever  surrendered  to  United  States  troops  under 
more  favorable  conditions.  The  Sheepeaters  were  al- 
lowed to  retain  their  weapons  and  property,  were  ex- 
empted from  prosecution  by  the  civil  authorities  and, 


398 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


after  being  kept  at  Fort  Vancouver  for  a  time,  were 
placed  upon  the  Fort  Hall  reservation  in  the  southern 
portion  of  the  state.  Between  fifty  and  sixty  Indians 
were  in  the  band,  about  half  of  whom  were  men.  By 
some  this  number  was  supposed  to  represent  their  to- 
tal strength,  while  others  contend  that  not  one-half  of 
the  Indians  surrendered. 

Speaking  of  their  capture,  the  Warren  correspondent 
of  the  Lewiston  Teller,  in  the  issue  of  October  8, 
1879,  says :  "Too  much  praise  cannot  be  accorded 
Lieutenant  Farrow  for  his  exertions  in  this  affair. 


He  has  been  thoroughly  in  earnest,  has  persevered 
when  others  weakened,  has  resolutely  faced  the  inclem- 
encies of  the  season,  short  supplies,  poor  and  exhausted 
stock,  and  has  achieved  a  complete  success;  and  in 
these  expressions  of  gratitude  I  but  echo  the  senti- 
ments of  every  one  of  our  citizens.  The  large  scope  of 
country  thus  cleared  of  Indians  should  recommend 
his  promotion  to  a  colonelcy."  The  end  of  this  Sheep- 
eater  war  happily  proved  the  conclusion  of  Indian  dis- 
turbances in  Idaho  county. 


CHAPTER  II. 


CURRENT    HISTORY,  1879-1903. 


After  the  close  of  the  Nez  Perces  and  Sheepeater 
hostilities,  the  county  settled  down  to  steady  develop- 
ment, unhindered  by  opposition  from  the  red  men  or 
other  foe  to  progress.  The  first  few  years  of  the  new 
decade  were  a  period  of  rather  quiet  times.  The  old 
placers  had  become  so  thoroughly  worked  out  that 
all  but  a  comparatively  few  of  the  Chinamen,  even, 
had  left  them,  and  new  placer  grounds  the  prospector 
failed  to  find.  The  result  was  no  local  market.  The 
lack  of  cheap  and  speedy  transportation  rendered 
outside  markets  unavailable,  consequently  there  was  a 
local  monetary  stringency.  The  increase  of  popula- 
tion in  the  entire  decade  between  1880  and  1890  was 
only  964,  yet  at  no  time  was  there  any  stagnation.  Cat- 
tle and  horse  raising  increased,  and  slowly  the  rich 
soil  of  the  prairie  was  subdued  by  the  plow  of  the 
agriculturist,  and  compelled  to  yield  bountiful  har- 
vests. A  representative  of  W.  W.  Elliott  &  Com- 
pany, publishers,  writing  of  the  prairie  in  1883,  says : 
"Six  years  of  patient  industry  have  rebuilt  the  waste 
places  caused  by  the  war,  and  made  the  face  of  the 
country  more  beautiful  than  ever.  Not  even  the  farms 
of  Walla  Walla  show  better  evidences  of  careful  agri- 
culture than  can  be  seen  on  Camas  prairie  at  this  time. 
Hard  as  were  the  experiences  of  this  people  during  the 
war  of  1877,  the  results  it  has  brought  have  advanced 
""  and  bettered  their  condition  by 
iews  of  men  and  things  than  are 
ities  so  isolated.  The  scars 
:red  with  the  fruits  of  peace/ 
a  garden  spot,  making  mani- 
i  the  elevating  influ- 


in  the  race  of  life 
giving  them  broader 
usually  found  in  commui 
of  the  war  have  been  c 
and  Camas  prairie  is  nc 
test  the  broad  differ 


of  Caucasian  civilization  and  the  enforced  deg- 
radation by  the  Government  of  the  Indians  on  the  ad- 
joining reservation." 

July  20,  1885,  the  cattle  men  of  Idaho  county  met 
at  Mount  Idaho,  pursuant  to  call,  and  organize'd  the 
Idaho  County  Stock  Growers'  Association,  the  objects 


of  which  were  stated  to  be  "to  advance  the  interests 
of  stock  growers  and  dealers  in  live  stock  in  said 
county,  and  for  the  protection  of  the  same  against 
frauds  and  swindlers  and  to  prevent  the  stealing,  tak- 
ing or  driving  away  of  horned  cattle,  sheep  or  other 
stock  from  the  rightful  owners  thereof,  and  to  en- 
force the  stock  laws  of  Idaho  territory."  The  first 
officers  were:  president,  Loyal  P.  Brown;  vice-presi- 
dent, John  Coram;  secretary,  F.  A.  Fenn;  treasurer, 
H.  C.  Johnson ;  executive  committee,  James  Surridge, 
C.  Overman,  James  Witt,  James  McDermott,  James 
Odle  and  the  president. 

It  appears  that  there  had  been  some  cattle  steal- 
ing prior  to  this  time.  On  the  3ist  of  the  previous 
May  a  warrant  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  Sheriff 
Al.  Talkington  for  the  arrest  of  two  men  supposed 
to  have  taken  a  band  of  horses  belonging  to  a  Chinese 
packer  in  Elk  City.  The  Chinaman  was  camped  near 
Jackson's  bridge  at  the  time  he  sustained  his  loss. 
Talkington  traced  the  thieves  with  their  purloined 
stock  to  the  vicinity  of  the  agency  grist  mill,  where' 
one  of  the  men,  whose  name  was  Fox,  resisted  arrest 
and  was  shot  dead.  The  other  was  taken  into  cus- 
tody. Both  had  been  residents  of  Camas  prairie  but 
a  short  time.  A  coroner's  jury  acquitted  the  posse,  in- 
cluding the  sheriff  and  Parker,  Sutherland  and  An- 
derson, of  the  agency. 

Some  excitement  was  created  this  year  by  a  pro- 
posal to  return  Chief  Joseph  and  his  band  of  hostiles 
to  the  Nez  Perces  reservation.  Citizens  sent  a  pro- 
test through  B.  F.  Morris  of  Mount  Idaho  to  the  com- 
missioner of  Indian  affairs,  suggesting  that  should 
the  Indians  be  returned,  quarrels  were  almost  certain 
to  break  out  between  them  and  friends  and  relatives 
of  those  outraged  and  killed  during  the  war.  The 
department  kindly  spared  the  feelings  of  the  people 
of  north  Idaho  and  guarded  against  a  possible  out- 
break by  sending  the  major  portion  of  the  band  to  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


399 


Colville  reserve,  though  a  few  were  returned  to  their 
Idaho  home.  It  is  said  that  Joseph  himself  was  in 
favor  of  the  arrangement,  knowing  that  his  return 
to  the  Nez  Perces  reservation  would  not  be  conserva- 
tive of  the  best  interests  of  his  people. 

By  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  January  21, 
1885,  the  act  passed  ten  years  before  was  amended 
so  that  the  boundaries  should  conform  to  the  follow- 
ing description:  "Commencing  at  the  junction  of 
Salmon  river  with' Snake  river;  thence  in  a  north- 
easterly direction  to  a  point  where  the  Lewiston  and 
Mount  Idaho  stage  road  crosses  Willow  creek ;  thence 
down  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  Willow  creek  to  its 
junction  with  Lawyer's  canyon;  thence  down  the  mid- 
dle of  the  channel  of  Lawyer's  canyon  to  its  junction 
with  the  Clearwater  river;  thence  up  the  channel  of 
the  Clearwater  river  to  the  mouth  of  the  north  fork 
of  the  south  fork  of  said  Clearwater  river ;  thence  due 
east  to  the  Lolo  fork  of  the  Clearwater ;  thence  up  the 
Lolo  fork  to  the  summit  of  the  Bitter  Root  mountains ; 
thence  southeastwardly  and  southerly,  following  the 
present  denned  boundary  line  between  the  territories 
of  Idaho  and  Montana  to  the  northwest  corner  of 
Lemhi  county;  thence  south  to  the  present  line  of 
Custer  county;  thence  southwesterly  along  the  pres- 
ent line  between  Idaho  and  Custer  counties  to  the 
present  line  of  Boise  county;  thence  due  west  along 
the  present  line  between  Idaho  and  Boise  counties 
to  the  present  line  of  Washington  county ;  thence  fol- 
lowing the  present  line  between  Idaho  and  Washing- 
ton counties  to  Snake  river ;  thence  following  the  chan- 
nel of  Snake  river  to  the  place  of  beginning." 

The  year  1886  witnessed  the  first  legal  execution 
in  Idaho  county.  It  appears  that  some  time  during  the 
latter  part  of 'January,  a  German  named  Theodore 
Warlick  murdered  his  mining  partner,  Henry  C.  Sav- 
age, on  the  south  fork  of  the  Salmon  river,  where  the 
men  were  at  work.  During  the  preceding  month  the 
men  had  begun  quarreling  and  on  December  i6th  they 
agreed  to  separate,  so  Savage  built  another  cabin. 
Later  the  quarreling  was  renewed  over  the  division 
of  provisions,  etc.  On  the  fatal  day.  Savage  came  af- 
ter his  gun  and  another  article  or  two  of  small  value. 
Warlick  had  thrown  the  gun  into  the  river  and  when 
he  told  Savage  of  this,  the  latter,  so  he  says,  became 
infuriated  and  ran  at  him  with  an  ax.  Warlick  seized 
his  gun,  whereupon  Savage  turned  and  fled,  but  failed 
to  effect  his  escape.  Warlick  shot  him  through  the 
left  leg.  then  through  the  right  side  and  finally  in  the 
neck.  He  then  buried  the  body.  His  crime  remained 
concealed  until  the  middle  of  March,  when  the  re- 
mains of  Savage  were  discovered,  having  been  parti- 
ally exhumed  by  some  wild  animal.  Upon  his  ar- 
res't,  Warlick  confessed  to  the  homicide,  but  claimed 
in  extenuation  that  it  was  done  in  self  defense.  An 
effort  was  made  by  his  attorneys  to  show  that  he  was 
not  of  sound  mind,  a  fact  which  seemed  evident  from 
his  talk. 

Warlick  was  tried  before  Judge  Buck  in  April. 
The  jury  returned  a  verdict  of  murder  in  the  first  de- 
gree, but  recommended  the  defendant  to  the  clemency 
of  the  court.  Judge  Buck,  however,  sentenced  him  to 


the  extreme  penalty,  designating  June  9,  1886,  as  the 
date  for  his  execution.  On  that  day  the  sentence  of 
the  court  was  carried  into  effect,  Sheriff  Talkington 
officiating. 

During  the  summer  of  1886  the  Alton  mining  dis- 
trict came  into  prominence  as  a  promising  quartz 
camp  and  elicited  no  little  interest  among  mining  men. 
The  district  lies  about  thirty  miles  southeast  of  War- 
ven  on  Logan  mountain  near  the  head  of  Big  creek. 
Citizens  of  Warren  subscribed  money  to  cut  a  trail 
from  their  town  to  the  new  camp  by  way  of  Elk  creek, 
making  it  possible  to  reach  the  district  from  that  point 
in  a  day's  travel.  A  rush  was  precipitated  which  for  a 
time  left  Warren  almost  without  population.  The 
camp  had  been  discovered  by  Luther  M.  Johnson  in 
the  fall  of  1885. 

July  16,  1887,  a  partial  organization  of  the  Idaho 
County  Pioneer  Association  was  effected.  On  the  6th 
of  August  following,  the  society  was  placed  upon  a 
working  basis  by  the  adoption  of  a  constitution  and 
by-laws  and  the  election  of  L.  P.  Brown  as  president, 
M.  H.  Truscott,  secretary,  and  J.  M.  Dorman,  treas- 
urer. The  president  appointed  the  following  board 
of  directors :  D.  H.  Telcher,  J.  R.  Adkison,  B.  F.  Mor- 
ris, F.  B.  King  and  James  Witt.  Following  were  the 
charter  members:  J.  H.  Robinson,  C.  W.  Case,  L. 
P.  Brown,  M.  H.  Truscott,  A.  Shumway,  H.  C.  Brown, 
I.  N.  Rice,  W.  C.  Pearson,  J.  J.  Manuel,  J.  G.  Row- 
ton,  M.  V.  Jarrett,  ].  M.  Domran,  H.  C.  Johnson,  Mar- 
ion Smith,  F.  M.  Hughes,  B.  F.  Morris,  T.  L.  Ward, 
[ohn  Bower,  T.  J.  Rhodes,  K.  W.  White,  T.  D.  Swarts, 
A.  I.  Watson,  C.  Overman,  J.  R.  Adkison,  J.  T.  Rig- 
gins,  J.  Auchinvole.  F.  B.  King,  George  Popham, 
Andrew  Maguire,  James  Witt,  D.  H.  Telcher,  Will- 
iam Coram,  Albert  Weber,  James  B.  Sloan,  Louis 
Weber,  Ernest  Smith  and  John  McPherson. 

tions  of  this  period  and  as  nearly  accurate  a  one  as 
is  obtainable,  we  quote  here  a  report  by  N.  B.  Willey, 
then  a  mining  man  at  Warren,  who  later  became  the 

state  of  Idaho.  The  report  was  made  in  the  winter  of 
1886-7  and  reads  as  follows : 

"In  the  Florence  district  mining  is  principally  car- 
ried on  by  Chinamen  and  the  production  has  not  dif- 
fered materially  from  that  of  preceding  years  and  may 
be  estimated  at  $45,000.  The  Harpste'r  and  Liddle, 
a  silver  ledge  four  miles  south  of  the  town,  which  was 
first  opened  twenty  years  ago  and  abandoned,  is  be- 
ing retimbered  and  worked.  An  average  hit  of  ore 

gold  bearing  veins  have  been  opened  near  town,  two 
or  three  arastres  built,  and  the  production  from  the 
extremely  rich  surface  has  aggregated  several  thous- 
and dollars. 

"The  Salmon  river  district  includes  gravel  bars 
scattered  here  and  there  for  sixty  miles  above  its 
mouth.  The  leading  mine  is  near  Slate  creek  and  is 
owned  by  Small  Brothers  &  Company  of  Walla  Wal- 
la. Tt  comprises  100  acres  with  a  depth  of  30  to  100 
feet.  A  new  ditch  bringing  waters  from  Slate  creek 
has  recently  been  completed  at  a  cost  of  $25,000.  Total 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


yield  of  this  district  may  be  estimated  at  $50,000,  one- 
third  of  which  is  produced  by  one  claim. 

"The  Elk  City  district  produced  more  gold  in  1886 
than  for  several  years  previously.  Old  claims  have 
been  worked  with  greater  vigor  and  improved  appli- 
ances, and  much  new  ground  has  been  opened  and 
worked  by  both  white  men  and  Chinamen.  The  gold 
production  may  be  estimated  at  $75,000. 

"The  Warren  district  is  situated  on  the  south  side 
of  Salmon  river  and  comprises  the  area  drained  by 
Warren  creek  and  its  tributaries.  Situated  at  an  ele- 
vation of  6,200  to  7,000  feet  above  sea  level,  the  win- 
ters are  severe  and  much  snow  falls,  but  the  district 
is  well  watered  during  the  mining  season.  As  usual, 
the  placer  mining  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Chinese.  Nine 
companies  have  acquired  by  purchase  about  two  miles 
of  the  bed  of  the  principal  creek  and  keep  300  men 
employed  for  seven  months  each  year.  The  pro- 
duction is  reported  as  $96,700.  In  addition  to  this 
sum  small  companies  and  single  Chinamen  have  pro- 
duced $12,500.  The  white  placer  miners  produced 
about  $26,800.  The  following  quartz  mines  have  pro- 
duced these  amounts,  partly  estimated  and  partly  re- 
ported :  Little  Giant,  $3,300 ;  Knott,  $2,000 ;  Bulldog 
(silver),  $523;  Greenhorn,  $1,250;  Keystone,  $1,570; 
Miscellaneous,  $1,000:  total,  $9,643. 

"The  production  of  the  county  may  therefore  be 
recapitulated  by  districts  as  follows:  Florence  dis- 
trict, $45,000;  Salmon  river  district,  $50,000;  Elk 
City  district,  $75,000;  Warren  district,  Chinese  plac- 
ers, $95,700;  Warren  district,  white  miners'  produc- 
tion, $26,800;  Warren  district,  deep  mines  (quartz), 
$9,643;  total  production,  $303,183. 

"The  principal  feature  of  interest  is  the  discovery 
of  extensive  ledges  of  argentiferous  ore  in  the  Alton 
district,  thirty  miles  southeast  of  Warren,  in  the  heart 
of  the  Salmon  river  mountains.  The  two  principal 
ore  veins  yet  discovered  are  named  'Cleveland'  and 
'Senator  Beck.'  A  shipment  of  ore  to  Salt  Lake  was 
made  from  the  former  late  in  the  autumn,  but  the  re- 
sult is  not  known.  Assays  of  several  samples  have 
been  numerous  and  large,  and  some  very  fine  speci- 
mens of  native  silver  have  been  found.  Altogether  the 
prospects  of  this  new  district  are  most  encouraging." 

Agriculturally,  the  year  1887  was  a  very  prosper- 
ous one  for  both  the  farmer  and  the  stock  raiser. 
Crops  were  excellent,  more  grain,  hay,  fruit,  etc.  be- 
ing harvested  than  ever  before.  The  stock  shipments 
were  also  large,  aggregating  $32,000  for  two  months 
in  the  summer.  Cyrus  Overman,  stock  inspector  of 
the  county,  reported  officially  that  the  number  of  cat- 
tle and  horses  inspected  by  him  between  April  i,  1887, 
and  January  1,  1888,  and  their  average  value  were 
as  follows:  900  cattle  at  $30,  $27,000;  612  horses  at 
$30,  $18,360;  total,  $45,360.  The  following  statistics 
concerning  the  county  are  from  Governor  Stevenson's 
report  for  the  year  1887,  doubtless  having  been  com- 
piled in  part  from  the  assessor's  returns:  population, 
4,250 ;  value  of  property,  real  and  personal,  $753,403 ; 
production,  wheat,  200,000  bushels  ;  oats,  50,000  bush- 
els ;  barley,  41,000  bushels;  flax  seed,  5.000  bushels; 
potatoes,  10.000;  hay,  30,000  tons;  gold,  $475,000; 


silver,  $5,000;  stock  in  the  county:  cattle,  15,430  head; 
horses,  12,000;  hogs,  4,124;  sheep,  9,000. 

The  people  of  Idaho  county  were  encouraged  not 
alone  by  the  abundant  crops  and  the  increased  volume 
of  money  in  circulation,  arising  from  large  sales  of 
cattle  and  horses,  but  by  the  signs  of  the  times,  which 
indicated  that  the  day  of  railway  construction  in  Cen- 
tral Idaho  was  soon  to  dawn,  bringing  its  stimulus 
to  industry  of  all  kinds.  In  July  a  party  of  men,  sent 
out  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railway 'Company  to  exam- 
ine into  the  resources  of  the  country  between  Weiser 
and  Lewiston,  made  such  a  favorable  report  that  the 
company  forthwith  ordered  a  survey,  pushing  it  with 
much  energy  and  vigor.  Hopes,  however,  were 
dashed  to  the  ground  later  by  the  fact  that  the  Union 
Pacific  succeeded  in  effecting  an  amicable  arrangement 
with  the  O.  R.  &  N.  Company,  by  which  it  secured  a 
satisfactory  outlet  to  the  coast. 

The  summer  of  1888  was  a  very  smoky  one  on 
Camas  prairie  owing  to  the  prevalence  of  forest  fires 
to  the  southward.  Much  timber  was  destroyed  by 
them,  but  the  bad  effect  of  the  fires  immediately  felt 
and  of  most  direct  moment  to  the  stockman  was  the 
destruction  of  the  winter  range.  But  despite  this 
disaster  the  year  was  a  prosperous  one  as  the  price  of 
cattle  was  higher  than  it  had  been  formerly  and  there 
was  considerable  activity  in  the  Warren,  Elk  and  Al- 
ton mining  districts.  The  presence  of  O.  R.  &  N.  sur- 
veyors running  lines  from  the  Clearwater  to  Camas 
prairie  was  also  an  encouraging  circumstance,  giving 
promise  that  the  isolation  of  the  prairie  and  the  coun- 
ty was  not  to  last  always.  Stock  shipments  this  year 
were  officially  reported  to  have  aggregated  $70,140. 

In  the  counsels  of  the  territorial  legislation  of  1888- 
9,  Idaho  county  received  not  a  little  attention.  By 
an  act  approved  February  7th,  the  northwestern  boun- 
dary line  was  changed  to  conform  to  the  following 
description : — "Commencing  at  the  junction  of  Salmon 
river  with  Snake  river,  thence  up  the  center  of  the 
channel  of  Salmon  river  to  the  mouth  of  Deep  creek ; 
thence  up  the  center  of  the  channel  of  Deep  creek  to 
the  mouth  of  the  right  fork  of  Deep  creek ;  thence  up 
the  center  of  the  channel  of  the  right  fork  of  Deep 
creek  to  the  point  where  the  township  line  between 
ranges  one  and  two  west  of  the  Boise  meridian  crosses 
Deep  creek;  thence  due  north  along  said  township 
line  to  a  point  where  the  said  line  crosses  Willow 
creek ;  thence  down  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  Wil- 
low creek  to  its  junction  with  Lawyer's  canyon;  thence 
down  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  Lawyer's  canyon," 
etc.,  the  remainder  of  the  boundary  being  the  same 
as  before. 

Of  more  vital  moment  to  the  county  was  a  legis- 
lative enactment  providing  for  the  construction  of  a 
road  between  Mount  Idaho  and  Little  Salmon  mead- 
ows, and  the  appropriation  of  $50,000  therefor,  but  as 
this  measure  came  under  the  head  of  specific  legisla- 
tion, the  territorial  bill  had  to  be  submitted  to  congress 
before  it  could  become  a  law.  Owing  to  the  brevity 
of  the  time  intervening  between  its  passage  in  the  ter- 
ritory and  the  adjournment  of  the  national  law  mak- 
ing body,  it  was  impossible  to  secure  the  necessary 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ratification  at  that  session,  but  the  measure  was  rati- 
fied in  May,  1890,  and  the  contract  for  the  construct- 
ion of  the  road  let  the  ensuing  September.  The  work 
was  divided  into  four  sections,  the  first  extending  from 
Mount  Idaho  to  Florence:  the  second  from  Florence 
to  Salmon  river ;  the  third  from  Salmon  river  to  Warm 
Springs;  and  the  fourth  from  there  to  Salmon  mead- 
ows. The  entire  contract  price  was  $32,240  or  $7,760 
less  than  the  estimate  of  Captain  Forse  and  the  sum 
appropriated.  After  some  long,  tedious  delays,  the 
road  was  eventually  completed,  and  is  proving  of  un- 
doubted advantage. 

The  year  1889  was.  however,  a  rather  gloomy  one 
to  the  citizens  of  Idaho  county.  It  was  the  second 
dry  year  and  the  result  was  great  depression  among 
the  white  and  Chinese  miners.  Many  of  the  latter 
were  so  hopelessly  involved  that  they  were  compelled 
to  quit  the  business  entirely  and  seek  to  retrieve  their 
fortunes  in  other  lines  of  endeavor.  The  drouth  was 
doubly  severe  upon  the  farmer  and  the  stockman,  di- 

time,  by  its  effect  upon  the  mining  classes,  reducing 
demand  for  such  produce  as  could  be  raised.  Another 
effect  was  forest  fires  which  again  raged  in  the  sur- 

damage.  especially  to  the  range. 

Speaking  of  the  fires  in  one  particular  direction, 
the  Idaho  County  Free  Press,  of  October  4,  1889, 

"The  fire  in  the  timber  south  of  town  has  been 
gradually  spreading  and  drawing  near  to  the  settle- 
ments on  the  foothills  for  the  past  month.  On  Friday 
last,  September  27th,  a  stiff  wind  was  blowing  from 
the  southwest  and  the  settlers  all  day  long,  with  the  as- 
sistance of  parties  from  Grangeville  and  Mount  Idaho, 
fought  the  fire,  which  was  threatening  the  properties 
of  Joseph  Cash  and  Mrs.  Eastman.  The  fires  in  this 
neighborhood  were  gotten  under  control  about  night- 
fall Friday  evening,  and  then  commenced  a  fight  to 
save  the  mill  property  of  W.  W.  Bowman.  About  a 

on  the  ground  to  assist  the  local  settlers  and  all  night 
long  the  war  against  .the  devouring  flames  was  kept 
up.  It  was  thought  that  the  best  way  to  fight  fire  was 
with  fire,  so  back  fires  were  started,  which  materially 
aided  in  checking  the  flames.  At  one  time,  about  three 
o'clock  Saturday  morning,  it  looked  as  though  the  mill 
property  was  doomed.  On  the  west  side  of  Three 
Mile  creek  was  a  solid  mile  of  fire,  with  the  flames  ris- 
ing forty  and  fifty  feet  high,  while  the  air  was  filled 
with  flying  cinders  and  blazing  brands.  At  one  time 
the  old  shop  at  the  mill  took  fire  from  flying  sparks, 
but  one  or  two  buckets  of  water  extinguished  the 
fiame.  Just  as  the  morning  began  to  dawn  the  advance 
of  the  fire  at  this  point  was  checked  and  the  only  point 
in  immediate  danger  was  the  property  of  Green  Dal- 
las. The  fire  was  gotten  under  control  at  this  point 
Saturday  morning.  The  work  of  fighting  the  fire 
was  rendered  doubly  hard  by  the  stiff  wind,  which  car- 
ried sparks  distances  of  from  one  quarter  to  a  half 
a  mile,  where  they  would  ignite  and  spread.  Sunday 
the  welcome  rain  came  and  extinguished  the  fires. 


"No  houses  were  burned,  but  the  timber  that  was 
destroyed  will  be  a  severe  loss  to  the  next  generation 
if  not  to  this." 

Though  mining  excitements  in  north  Idaho  have 
never  been  an  uncommon  thing,  yet  that  of  July,  1889, 
was  of  sufficient  magnitude  to  merit  some  mention  in 
our  summary  of  the  year.  The  site  of  the  reported 
placer  find  was  a  small  creek  beyond  the  Alton  quartz 
district.  The  discoverers  were  McLeod,  McDonald 
and  Three-fingered  Smith.  Warren  was  depopulated 
as  soon  as  the  news  became  known  there  and  several 
parties  left  Camas  prairie  for  the  diggings.  The 
scene  in  Warren  must  have  been  very  similar  to  those 
witnessed  the  golden  days  of  the  early  'sixties,  as 
appears  from  the  following  description  from  the  pen 
of  one  who  was  there  at  the  time : 

"Our  camp  is  deserted  ;  everybody  is  gone.  Rie- 
bold's  men  left  en  masse.  It  looked  like  the  excite- 
ment of  war  times;  the  streets,  from  end  to  end,  oc- 
cupied by  horses,  some  being  saddled ;  some  being  shod 
by  improvised  smiths  all  along  the  streets ;  some  be- 
ing loaded ;  then  the  mounting  in  hot  haste,  the  brand- 
ishing of  arms  and  loud  call  to  start,  quickly  obeyed, 
and  in  double  quick  time,  with  John  Crooks  to  the 
front  on  a  charger  ;  the  ever  restless  pack  animals  jost- 
ling and  moving  hither  and  thither/'  The  excitment 
proved  to  be  "much  ado  about  nothing,"  for  on  the 
19th  parties  returned,  reporting  that  scarcely  a  color 
could  be  found  in  the  new  diggings. 

January  2,  1890,  Company  C,  First  Regiment,  Ida- 
ho National  Guards  was  organized  at  Grangeville  with 
a  membership  of  forty-seven.  E.  Beck  was  elected 
captain ;  C.  M.  Day,  first  lieutenant ;  S.  E.  Bibby,  sec- 
ond lieutenant.  Its  civil  officers  were:  president,  R. 
F.  Fulton ;  vice-president.  T.  J.  Aram ;  recording  sec- 
retary, T.  M.  Pearson;  financial  secretary,  S.  G.  Bene- 
dict ;  treasurer,  A.  F.  Parker. 

The  year  witnessed  the  survey  of  the  road  be- 
tween Mount  Idaho  and  Little  Salmon  meadows  be- 

struction  and  the  inception  of  work  upon  it.  It  was 
also  a  year  of  great  activity  in  railway  circles.  The 
expectation  that  the  Northern  Pacific  would  begin  at 
once  constructing  a  branch  line  to  Lewiston  caused 


Perces  county.  It  is  stated  that  farm  property  showed 
a  decidedly  upward  tendency,  and  that  city  and  town 
lots  almost  doubled  during  the  twelvemonth. 

As  the  time  approached  for  the  convening  of  the 
first  state  legislature,  Idaho  county  got  its  forces  in 
battle  array  to  contend  for  the  location  within  its  bord- 
ers of  the  agricultural  college  and  experiment  sta- 
tion. This  institution  was  entitled  to  an  annuity  of 
$25,000  from  the  government  and  an  appropriation 
of  the  state's  public  lands.  Meetings  were  held  at 
Grangeville.  Cottonwood,  White  Bird.  Mount  Idaho, 
Clearwater.  Keuterville  and  other  points  to  consider 
ways  and  means  of  securing  the  boon.  A  memorial 
was  prepared,  signed  by  more  than  five  hundred  per- 
sons, and  forwarded  to  the  legislature.  It  set  forth 
among  other  things  the  advantages  of  Camas  prairie 
as  an  agricultural  tract,  claiming  that  it  was  the  larg- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


t-st  and  best  body  of  farming  land  in  the  state.  Grange- 
ville,  naturally,  was  a  leading  competitor  for  the  in- 
stitution, though  several  other  points  on  the  prairie 
held  out  inducements  in  the  hope  that  they  might  se- 
cure the  prize.  Grangeville  offered  a  subsidy  of  cash, 
land  and  other  property,  amounting  in  value  to  fully 
$12,500  in  all,  including  the  building  and  grounds  of 
the  Columbia  River  Conference  Academy,  which  the 
trustees  of  that  institution  agreed  to  donate.  But  all 
these  overtures  were  unavailing.  The  agricultural 
college  was  eventually  combined  with  the  state  uni- 
versity, located  at  Moscow. 

On  the  28th  of  February,  1891,  a  snow  storm  set  in 
on  Camas  prairie,  which,  it  is  claimed,  eclipsed  all 
others  that  have  been  experienced  by  white  men  in 
the  length  of  time  it  continued  without  cessation.  All 
that  afternoon,  all  the  next  day  and  until  daylight  of 
the  day  following  it  continued  to  snow  and  snow,  until 
the  old  snow  was  buried  twenty-six  inches  deep  under 
the  large,  feathery  flakes.  There  was  no  wind.  When 
the  downfall  at  last  ceased  and  the  sky  cleared,  the 
temperature  fell  almost  to  zero,  but  stock  were  in  ex- 
cellent condition  to  stand  the  cold  snap,  the  supply  of 
feed  for  them  was  abundant  and  no  damage  resulted 
to  the  cattle  man,  while  the  storm  was  a  blessing  to 
the  miner  and  agriculturist. 

At  the  1890-91  session  of  the  legislature,  the 
^boundaries  of  Idaho  county  were  again  changed 
somewhat.  The  line  is  the  same  as  that  denned  in  the 
act  of  1881;  from  the  place  of  beginning  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the'  Salmon  and  Snake  rivers  to  the  Lolo  fork 
of  the  Clearwater,  when  the  description  is  made  to 
read :  "thence  up  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  Lolo 
•creek  to  the  head  of  Lolo  creek,  and  thence  in  a  direct 
lme  to  the  Lolo  pass  at  the  summit  of  the  Bitter  Root 
mountains;  thence  southeasterly  and  southerly  fol- 
lowing the  present  lines  to  the  east  line  of  Washington 
•county;  thence  along  said  line  between  Idaho  and 
Washington  counties  to  the  head  of  the  falls  at  the 
lower  end  of  Round  valley;  thence  due  west  to  Snake 
river;  thence  following  the  middle  of  the  channel  of 
Snake  river  to  the  place  of  beginning." 

Considerable  attention  was  paid  this  year  to  the 
•copper  prospects  on  Rapid  river.  A  new  townsite, 
Icnown  as  Sherman,  was  laid  out  and  some  other  steps 
taken  toward  establishing  a  great  copper  camp  and 
developing  the  rich  ore.  It  was  believed  that  as  a  cop- 
per district  the  Rapid  river  belt  would  some  day  rival 
or  surpass  the  great  Seven  Devils  country,  though  its 
inaccessability  was  against  its  speedy  development. 

The  year  1891  was  the  year  of  the  cricket 
scare  in  the  farming  districts  of  Idaho  county, 
which  is  here  mentioned,  not  because  of  its  importance, 
•but  because  it  has  somehow  come  to  be  an  event  from 
which  dates  are  frequently  reckoned.  The  crickets 
were  present  in  great  numbers,  but  they  damaged  the 
crops  only  in  spots,  failing  entirely  to  produce  the 
wide-spread  destruction  it  was  feared  they  would. 
The  year  was  one  of  good  crops,  no  stock  losses,  and 
much  activity  in  the  mines,  especially  in  the  Elk  City 
District,  where  substantial  developments  were  made 
in  the  opening  of  quartz  claims. 


The  assessment  roll  of  the  year  shows  a  total  val- 
uation of  property  of  $976,610;  that  there  were  four 
quartz  mills  in  the  county,  two  flour  mills,  five  saw 
mills  and  twenty-two  mining  ditches;  that  the  num- 
ber of  head  of  stock  cattle  was  13,337,  of  beef  cattle, 
222,  of  cows,  974,  39  of  which  were  thoroughbreds,  of 
thoroughbred  bulls,  17;  of  horses,  8,016,  of  thorough- 
bred stallions,  60;  of  hogs,  3,121 ;  of  sheep,  6,555. 

Prior  to  this  time  Idaho  county  had  never  experi- 
enced the  excitement  of  a  hard  fought  county  seat 
contest,  but  in  the  spring  of  1892  a  battle  of  this  ex- 
citing and  sometimes  demoralizing  kind  commenced. 
For  a  number  of  years  Mount  Idaho  had  been  declin- 
ing in  about  inverse  ratio  to  the  growth  of  its  sister 
town  of  Grangeville,  and  the*  citizens  of  the  latter 
place  at  length  decided  that  on  the  principle  of  the 
greatest  good  to  the  greatest  number  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment should  be  changed.  The  first  gun  of  the  con- 
test was  fired  February  26th,  when  the  citizens  of 
Grangeville  met  at  Grange  hall  to  take  formal  action 
looking  toward  the  removal  of  the  county  seat.  A  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  matter,  the 
personnel  of  which  was  Henry  Wax,  chairman ;  A.  F. 
Parker,  secretary;  W.  A.  Hall,  Evan  Evans  and  R. 
F.  Fulton.  Later  this  committee  prepared  an  address 
to  the  people  setting  forth  the  reasons  for  the  removal 
in  the  following  language: 

"One-third  of  the  total  vote  of  Idaho  county  is 
cast  in  Grangeville  precinct,  and  a  very  large  propor- 
tion of  the  remainder  find  Grangeville  the  most  con- 
venient point  for  the  transaction  of  business.  Under 
present  conditions,  more  than  three-fourths  of  the 
population  have  to  pass  through  Grangeville  to  get  to 
the  county  seat,  thus  greatly  and  unnecessarily  in- 
creasing taxation  by  adding  to  the  cost  of  jurors'  and 

"Grangeville  is  the  largest  town  of  the  county, 
having  the  largest  and  most  permanent  buildings,  is 
the  center  of  commercial  and  mining  business  and 
has  more  extensive  hotel  and  restaurant  accommo- 
dations than  any  other  town  in  the  county.  *  * 

"The  people  of  Grangeville  will  donate  to  Idaho 
county  suitable  and  ample  grounds  for  all  county 
purposes,  with  a  better  court  house  than  the  one  now 
owned  by  the  county,  together  with  a  brick  jail  and 
a  fire-proof  brick  vault  for  proper  preservation  of 
the  county  records.  The  money  for  this  purpose  is 
already  pledged  by  private  subscription,  and  bonds 
will  be  given  in  due  time  to  secure  the  county  against 
expense. 

"Acting  on  the  principle  of  the  greatest  good  to  the 
number,  the  county  seat  should  be  removed  to  Grange- 
ville." 

According  to  the  provisions  of  the  constitution, 
a  vote  on  the  question  of  county  seat  removal  could 
only  be  had  upon  petition  signed  by  a  majority  of 
the  electors  of  the  county.  To  succeed  the  proposal 
had  to  be  favored  by  two-thirds  of  the  electors  voting 
at  a  general  election  and  a  vote  on  the  subject  could 
only  be  had  once  in  six  years. 

The  petition  was  circulated  according  to  require- 
ment. Five  hundred  and  forty-six  names  were  se- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


cured,  more  than  the  number  necessary  to  make  the 
ordering  of  the  election  a  foregone  conclusion.  On 
the  first  day  of  the  ensuing  term  of  the  district  court 
the  petition  was  considered,  and  as  the  papers  were 
found  to  have  been  made  out  legally  and  signed  by 
a  majority  of  all  the  voters  at  the  last  general  elec- 
tion, the  judge  signed  an  order  providing  for  the  vote. 

A  lively  campaign  ensued.  October  3ist,  $6,000 
was  deposited  in  the  Bank  of  Comas  Prairie  by  friends 
of  Grangeville,  which  sum  had  been  subscribed  for 
the  purpose  of  erecting  a  courthouse  and  other  county 
buildings,  should  Grangeville  be  chosen  as  the  county 
seat.  A  bond  for  ten  thousand  dollars  was  also  filed 
with  the  county  commissioners  conditioned  upon  the 
town  of  Grangeville's  carrying  out  its  promises  to 
the  voters. 

But  at  the  election  ensuing,  the  people  decided 
against  Grangeville,  the  vote  being  470  favoring  the 
removal  and  375  opposed.  Under  the  law  requiring 
a  two-thirds  majority,  564  votes  were  necessary  in 
order  that  Grangeville  should  succeed  in  its  ambitious 
designs.  The  question  was  therefore  settled  in  Mount 
Idaho's  favor  for  six  years. 

Another  movement  which  enlisted  the  attention  of 
Idaho  county's  citizens  during  the  early  days  of  the 
year  1892,  was  that  for  the  establishment  here  of 
the  state  experiment  station  voted  to  north  Idaho. 
As  an  inducement  to  its  location  here  the  people  sub- 
scribed as  a  subsidy  one  thousand  dollars  cash  and 
a  quarter  section  of  land.  The  land  was  what  was 
known  as  the  Hardy  place,  situated  between  Grange- 
ville and  Mount  Idaho.  The  committee  appointed 
to  attend  to  the  matter  was  composed  of  James  Witt, 
W.  C.  Pearson,  Frank  Shissler,  J.  D.  Hendren,  James 
Surridge  and  L.  F.  Horning.  These  gentlemen  were 
successful  in  attaining  the  object  set  before  them, 
for  on  February  26th,  the  board  of  regents  of  the 
Idaho  State  University  selected  Grangeville  as  the 
site  of  the  north  Idaho  station.  The  two  stations 
in  southern  Idaho  were  given  to  Nampa  and  Idaho 
Falls.  The  movement  for  the  state  agricultural  col- 
lege during  the  fall  of  the  same  year  was  not  success- 
ful, for  as  has  been  already  stated,  this  institution  was 
finally  made  a  part  of  the  state  university. 

The  year  now  under  review  was  a  very  prosper- 
ous one  in  Idaho  county.  Late  and  heavy  rains  in 
the  spring  were  favorable  both  to  the  farmer  and 
miner,  but  before  results  could  be  known  in  either  of 
these  industries,  real  estate  had  begun  to  change  hands 
rapidly  at  good  prices.  Reviewing  the  twelvemonth 
in  its  issue  of  December  3Oth,  the  Free  Press  says : 

"The  year  1892  is  a  notable  one  in  the  history 
of  Camas  prairie,  which  has  made  more  progress  in 
the  last  twelve  months  than  in  five  preceding  years. 

covery  of  "the  country,  as  it  were,  and  the  newcomers 
were  quick  to  realize  the  possibilities  which  lay  be- 
fore it.  As  one  result  much  land  has  changed  hands 
at  advanced  prices,  and  a  very  large  addition  has 


the  development  of  our  natui 
have  been  started  and  othei 


suit  that  their  occupants  have  succeeded  in  making 
two  blades  of  grass  grow  where  one  grew  before.  A 
real  start  has  been  made  toward  opening  the  surplus 
reservation  lands,  and  while  the  matter  is  still  in 
doubt,  its  final  accomplishment  cannot  be  much  longer 
delayed.  Our  mining  camps  have  prospered  more 
than  ever  before;  new  districts  have  been  opened  and 
much  development  work  is  in  progress.  Our  vast 
mineral  resources  have  been  advertised  as  never  before 
and  fortune  is  smiling  upon  us." 

Too  bad  that  the  forward  movement  of  the  prairie 
and  county  should  have  been  brought  to  a  sudden  halt 
and  a  retreat  so  soon  begun,  but  how  different  is  the 
note  sounded  by  this  same  paper  about  a  year  after- 
ward, when  is  presented  the  following  gloomy  picture 

"The  year  1893  opened  with  prospects  of  progress 
and  development  for  Camas  prairie  and  Idaho  county 
that  would  have  sent  us  to  the  top  notch  of  pros- 
perity if  realized.  Never  did  a  season  open  more 
auspiciously;  the  winter  was  of  unusual  length  and 
many  cattle  died,  but  the  long  wet  spring,  with  its 
assurances  of  bountiful  harvests,  brought  ample  com- 
pensating advantages.  As  the  season  progressed  and 
the  promise  of  a  great  harvest  became  practically  as- 
sured, and  the  feverish  activity  in  mining  circles  and 
real  estate  speculations  in  town  lots  and  farming  lands 
developed,  it  seemed  as  if  the  long  looked  for  boom 
had  come.  But  then  came  the  panic  with  its  depres- 
sion of  values,  and  to  cap  the  climax,  the  great  har- 
vest that  had  been  gathered  was  practically  ruined 
by  the  longest  and  heaviest  rainy  season  known  here 
since  the  settlement  of  the  country. 

"The  one  redeeming  feature  which  has  kept  this 
community  in  a  self-sustaining  position  during  the 
panic  was  the  fortunate  sale  of  our  live  stock  and 
hogs,  at  ruinously  low  prices,  to  be  sure,  but  the  ag- 
gregate sum  was  sufficiently  large  to  relieve  the 
financial  stringency.  The  estimated  value  of  cattle 
shipped  from  Idaho  county  this  year  is  $160,000,  and 
the  value  of  hogs  is  SSpiooo.  But  for  this  one  re- 
source we  should  have  been  a  hopelessly  bankrupt 
community.  These  are  strong  words  but  they  are 
nevertheless  true.  Our  surrounding  mining  camps 
which  usually  put  much  money  in  circulation,  were 
this  year  practically  deserted  and  the  output  was  never 
less.  The  claims  which  in  other  days  were  owned  and 
worked  by  hundreds  of  Chinese  and  made  to  yield 
thousands'  of  dollars  which  found  its  way  into  the 
channels  of  trade  are  now  owned  by  white  men  who 
hold  them  for  speculative  rather  than  for  practical 
purposes,  and  therefore  to-day  are  idle  and  unpro- 
ductive, to  the  great  detriment  of  every  citizen  in  the 
county.  In  the  spring  of  the  year  there  were  great 
hopes  that  outside  capitalists  would  take  hold  of  some 
of  the  better  developed  quartz  properties  in  Elk  City, 
erect  machinery  thereon  and  make  them  productive; 
great  schemes  for  the  development  of  the  hitherto  un- 
worked  flat  placer  fields  of  that  same  mineral  basin 
were  projected  and  until  the  bottom  fell  out,  matters 
in  that  camp  assumed  a  very  feverish  stage  of  antici- 
pation and  excitement.  JJiit  the  year  has  gone  by 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


without  any  particular  change.  In  Florence  and  War- 
ren the  season  has  been  dull  beyond  precedent.  On 
Salmon  river  alone  is  there  an  increase  of  population 
engaged  in  mining. 

"On  Camas  prairie  matters  are  in  a  state  of  stag- 
nation which  will  endure  until  spring.  We  are  just 
beginning  to  feel  the  pinch  of  hard  times  and  the 
scarcity  of  money.  The  proceeds  of  our  cattle  sales 
are  about  exhausted,  and  having  paid  many  debts 
here,  the  money  has,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  busi- 
ness, been  sent  below  to  pay  outside  obligations.  We 
are  now,  figuratively  speaking,  on  the  flat  of  our 
backs,  and  will  remain  so  until  something  happens  to 
start  up  the  usual  business  activity.  A  boom  in  the 
wheat  market  will  put  the  lower  country  on  its  feet 
right  away,  but  isolated  community  is  too  far  from 
railroads  to  be  affected  thereby." 

But  notwithstanding  the  gloom  of  this  picture  it 
may  be  doubted  whether  Camas  prairie  or  any  other 
part  of  Idaho  county  suffered  one  half  as  much  from 
the  depression  of  1893-6  as  did  other  sections  of  the 
American  union ;  certainly  the  hard  times  did  not  last 
as  long,  though  there  was  a  condition  of  things  border- 
ing upon  the  industrial  stagnation  throughout  the 
whole  of  the  year  1894.  There  was  little  activity  in 
the  mines,  and  though  crops  in  the  agricultural  dis- 
tricts were  fairly  good,  prices  were  low.  The  stock 
market  was  so  depressed  as  to  render  that  industry 
only  moderately  profitable.  The  year  saw  one  im- 
portant move  forward,  however,  and  that  was  the 
building  of  two  much  needed  wagon  roads.  The 
legislature  which  met  in  the  winter  of  1892-3  had 
appropriated  $8,000  for  a  road  from  Camas  prairie  to 
Elk  City  and  $27,000  for  one  down  Little  Salmon 
river  and  Salmon  river  to  the  southern  terminus  of 
the  wagon  road  ending  at  John  Doumecq's  place. 

Those  who  were  residents  of  the  county  at  the 
time  will  remember  that  in  the  summer  of  1894  some 
remarkable  meteorological  phenomena  were  observed. 
The  first  and  second  days  of  June  were  remarkably 
sultry  and  on  the  evening  of  the  second  a  southwest 
wind  sprang  up,  ceasing  about  midnight.  The  next 
day  at  noon  another  wind  started  blowing  from  the 
same  quarter,  a  hot  wind  the  like  of  which  had  never 
before  been  known  in  the  experience  of  the  oldest 
residents  of  the  county  or  the  Indians.  The  ani- 
mometer  at  the  experimental  station  registered  its 
velocity  as  having  reached  at  one  time  seventy-six 
miles  an  hour,  and  having  averaged  fifty-six  for  four 
consecutive  hours.  At  sundown  it  subsided  and  was 
followed  by  a  comparatively  low  temperature.  The 
wind,  it  is  said,  whipped  trees  to  pieces,  blew  over 
flues,  tore  off  shingles  from  houses,  overturned  light 
buildings  and  fences,  stripped  trees  of  their  foliage 
and  caused  garden  vegetables  to  wilt  as  if  blighted 
with  frost.  "Several  structures  were  moved  on  their 
foundations,  among  them  the  new  school  house  at 
Mount  Idaho.  The  Salmon  river  rose  thirty  inches 
in  twenty-four  hours.  Its  waters  floated  away  several 
riparian  buildings,  among  them  a  sawmill  on  the  south 
fork.  Timber  in  the  mountains  was  blown  down  in 
great  quantities.  The  one  advantage  of  the  storm 


was  that  prospecting  in  the  mining  districts  was 
facilitated  by  the  fact  that  great  holes  were  dug  in 
the  earth  by  upturned  trees. 

It  may  be  safely  asserted  that  hard  times  in  Idaho 
county  terminated  during  1895.  The  opening  of  the 
reservation  in  the  fall  brought  hundreds  of  home- 
seekers  into  the  different  towns,  giving  them  an  air  of 
bustle  and  activity,  but  better  far  than  any  temporary 
inflation  of  population  was  the  prospect,  nay  the  cer- 
tainty, that  the  development  of  the  surplus  Indian  lands 
in  the  county  and  the  end  of  Indian  dominion  would 
have  an  effect  beneficial  to  the  agriculturist  in  bring- 
ing the  railroad  and  to  the  miner  in  opening  the  Clear- 
water  river,  the  key  to  the  Bitter  Root  mountain  coun- 

The  year  1895  was  one  of  great  activity  in  the  min- 
ing districts.  In  speaking  of  the  progress  made,  the 
Free  Press  says : 

"First  of  all  and  foremost,  the  hydraulic  elevator 
plant  of  the  Idaho  Mining  &  Development  Company 
on  American  hill,  in  Elk  City  district,  is  the  largest  hy- 
draulic enterprise  ever  inaugurated  in  Idaho  county 
and  certainly  the  most  pregnant  in  its  possibilities. 
Next  comes  'the  operations  of  the  Relief  Milling  Com- 
pany, in  the  same  district — the  pioneer  enterprise  in 
quartz  milling  and  concentrating.  On  Deadwood 
ilch  James  Witt  is  opening  up  the  Deadw 


On 


by  means  of  a  bedrock  flume,  at  great  expense.  O 
Crooked  creek,  in  Dixie  district,  Elaine  &  Cummings 
are  also  putting  in  a  large  bedrock  flume.  The  value 
of  the  newly  exploited  Moose  creek  diggings  has  been 
demonstrated  this  year  by  Heppner  &  Richardson, 
while  various  other  smaller  enterprises  throughout  the 
camps  in  the  Bitter  Roots  are  in  process  of  develop- 
ment. 

"On  the  Salmon  river  waters  we  find  in  Florence 
a  discovery  and  development  of  hitherto  undreamed 
of  mineral  wealth  in  quartz,  which  has  so  far  prog- 
ressed that  a  stamp  mill  for  reducing  the  same  is  now 
in  process  of  erection.  In  Warren  the  operations  of  the 
big  Philadelphia  Dredge  Company  will  be  watched 
with  keen  interest  by  its  stockholders,  and  if  it  realizes 
the  expectations  formed  of  it,  will  bring  to  our  virgin 
placer  fields  a  steady  stream  of  eastern  money  for  in-  • 
vestment  in  like  enterprises." 

The  year  1896  was  also  one  of  great  activity  in  min- 
ing circles,  Florence  being,  perhaps,  the  chief  center  of 
interest.  On  April  5th  the  miners  of  that  district,  in 
mass  meeting  assembled,  decided  upon  the  location  of  a 
new  town  to  be  called  New  Florence.  Its  site  was  to 
be  Summit  Flat,  situated  a  half  mile  southeast  of  the 
old  town  of  Florence.  Ten  lots  were  reserved  for  the 
first  ten  business  houses  to  open  in  the  place  :  sixty  or 
sixty-five  others  were  divided  among  the  residents,  by 
lot.  The  new  town  was  thought  to  have  been  rendered 
necessary  by  quartz  development  in  the  district.  Elk 
City  and"  Warren  also  made  substantial  progress.  Ac- 
t'vity  in  the  mines  had  its  beneficial  influence  upon  the 

to  recover  fully  from  the  effect  of  the  financial  strin- 
gency until  a  little  later. 

May   17.    1897,  a  cloud  burst  visited  the  Salmon 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


405 


liver  country,  doing  great  damage  to  roads,  ditches, 
flumes,  ranches  and' almost  everything  in  its  way  for  a 
distance  of  twelve  miles.  The  Free  Press  tells  us  that 
from  Freedom  to  Captain  Wilson's,  the  wagon  road 
was  a  total  wreck  where  walls  were  built;  that  every 
little  gully  on  the  south  slope  ran  a  torrent,  carrying 
rocks,  dirt  and  trees  on  the  bottoms  below,  covering 

fifteen1  feet  deep.  At  White  Bird  horses  and  cattle 
were  swept  down  into  the  river.  So  great  was  the 
damage  to  roads  that  wagon  transportation  of  mails 
had  to  be  discontinued,  pending  repairs.  Another 
cloud  burst  visited  the  same  region  June  2ist  following, 
totally  destroying  the  crops  on  the  Sherwin  ranch  and 
doing  some  damage  to  the  White  Bird  townsite. 

It  was  during  the  early  part  of  this  year  that  the 
initial  steps  were  taken  toward  establishing  the  Bitter 
Root  and  Priest  River  forest  reserves,  the  executive 
order  for  the  purpose  bearing  date  February  22,  1897. 
This  order  provided  that  all  prospecting  should  cease 
after  March  i.  1898,  but  fortunately  congress  modified 
this  feature,  and  provided  that  prospecting  might  al- 

conditions  as  elsewhere,  also  that  the  land  might  be 
taken  for  agricultural  purposes.  Patrols  are  main- 
tained, however,  to  see  that  the  forests  are  properly 
preserved.  The  Bitter  Root  reserve,  which  most 
intimately  affects  our  county,  is  situated  in  both  Idaho 
and  Montana  and  covers  the  entire  Bitter  Root  range. 
The  mining  camps  of  Elk  City,  Dixie  and  Buffalo 
Hump  are  included  within  its  limits. 

A  sensation  was  created  December  2Qth  of  this 
year  by  the  news  that  the  incoming  stage  from  Lewis- 
ton  had  been  held  up  on  the  flat  between  the  Pearson 
ranch  and  the  town  during  the  preceding  night. 
After  the  two  passengers,  a  miner  named  Arnold 
Gerber  and  a  San  Francisco  drummer  named  Ben 
Rosenfelt,  had  been  relieved  of  such  money  as  the  rob- 
bers could  find,  the  former  of  twenty-eight  dollars,  the 
the  latter  of  thirty  cents,  the  highwaymen  ordered  the 
driver.  Allie  Vincent,  to  throw  out  the  mail  sacks. 
Vincent  threw  them  the  way  sack,  which  had  nothing 
in  it  of  great  value,  retaining  the  through  mail.  He 
was  then  ordered  back  to  Denver,  but  after  proceeding 
in  that  direction  for  about  one  hundred  yards  he  again 
headed  for  Grangeville.  Search  the  next  day  resulted 
in  the  discovery  near  the  scene  of  the  hold  up  of  a 
notice  to  leave  town  which  had  been  served  on  a  half- 
breed  named  Charles  A.  Frush.  The  result  was  the 
arrest  of  Frush.  One  Daniel  Hurley  was  also  arrested 
and  both  men  were  held  for  trial  at  the  May  term  of 
the  federal  court.  Frush  entered  a  plea  of  guilty  and 
gave  such  evidence  against  Hurley  that  he  was  con- 
victed. Both  received  life  sentences. 

Six  years  having  elapsed  since  the  county  seat 
contest,  the  citizens  of  Grangeville  assembled  in  mass 
meeting  on  January  17,  1898,  for  the  purpose  of 
considering  the  advisability  of  inaugurating  a  new 
contest.  After  considerable  discussion  it  was  con- 
cluded that  it  were  best  not  to  do  so  just  then,  as 
the  citizens  would  be  expected  to  furnish  a  court- 
house and  thev  had  other  matters  of  more  immediate 


importance  demanding  their  attention.  Florence,  too, 
had  been  enjoying  a  boom  in  its  tributary  mining  terri- 
tory and  had  become  ambitious  to  get  back  the  county 
seat.  It  was  therefore  thought  that  that  town  might 
cause  a  division  in  the  forces  favoring  a  removal  such 
as  would  prevent  the  securing  of  the  required  two- 
thirds  majority,  thus  leaving  Mount  Idaho  in  posses- 
sion of  the  prize  for  another  six  years. 

As  in  all  other  parts  of  the  great  northwest  and 
the  greater  American  union,  so  in  Idaho  county  much 
enthusiasm  was  elicited  by  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish- 
American  war  and  a  wave  of  intense  patriotism  passed 
over  the  people.  The  county  was  quick  to  furnish 
its  quota  of  volunteers,  indeed  the  opportunity  to  en- 
list was  deemed  a  privilege  and  many  more  would 
have  willingly  gone  to  the  war  had  the  government 
required  them.  Members  of  the  militia,  Company  C. 
were  of  course  given  the  preference  and  on  the  even- 
ing of  April  28th  that  company  was  ordered  to  the 
state  rendezvous  at  Boise.  When  the  fact  became 
known,  a  fund  was  speedily  subscribed  and  hasty 
preparations  were  made  to  "give  the  boys  a  hearty 
Godspeed.  They  were  tendered  a  reception  in  the 
opera  house  the  next  evening  at  which  patriotic  music 
was  rendered  and  speeches  were  made  suited  to  the 
occasion  by  Hon.  Wallace  N.  Scales,  Captain  D.  M. 
Hartman,  j.  F.  Ailshie  and  A.  F.  Parker. 

April  30th  they  set  out  in  wagons  to  Lewiston. 
They  were  greeted  with  hastily  improvised  demon- 
strations at  Denver  and  Cottonwood,  at  the  latter  of 
which  towns  they  spent  the  night.  They  arrived  in 
Lewiston  in  due  season,  where  they  were  given  an- 
other ovation,  proceeding  thence  to  Boise  on  May 
5th.  The  following  is  the  roster  of  the  boys  who 
started  from  Grangeville.  Captain  J.  W.  Murphy, 
First  Lieutenant  L.  Castle,  Second  Lieutenant  R.  H. 
Hartman,  Privates  Frank  Ames,  H.  M.  McDermid, 
B.  F.  Knorr,  F.  McLean,  Fred  McKenzie.  J.  A. 
Wood,  W.  E.  Cook,  Bert  Collar,  Henry  Holz,  Will- 
iam Bloom,  James  Graves,  Joseph  Jones,  William 

Maxey. WcKee,   Charles   Smith,   Frank  Wor- 

den,  Fred  Beck,  James  Byrom.  John  Byrom.  W.  H. 
Tones  Joe  Jones.  Wr,  H.  Pearson,  Robert  Crea, 
Richard  Crea,  F.  R.  Pearson,  H.  H.  Pogue.  Ludwig 
Egeler,  M.  L.  Murray,  W.  C.  Rothwell.  William  J. 
Tracy,  John  Worden,  Henry  Giles,  H.  Strochan,  Ed. 
Beck',  Fred  Ames,  Bert  Pearson,  Henry  Crea;  also 
Ned  Green  of  Cottonwood.  Of  these  the  following 
were  rejected  at  Boise  probably  because  they  could 
not  pass  the  physical  examination,  namely:  Frank 
Ames,  Henry  Holz,  William  Bloom,  Charles  Smith, 
John  Byrom,  H.  H.  Pogue,  John  Worden,  H. 
Strochan,  Ed.  Beck,  Fred  Ames,  Bert  Pearson  and 
Henry  Crea, 

The  Company  C.  as  it  was  constituted  during  die 
war,  was  made  "up  of  the  Company  C  whose  per- 
sonnel is  above  given  and  small  companies  from 
Washington,  Cassia  and  other  counties.  From  the 
memorial  prepared  from  the  official  records  subse- 
quent to  the  war  we  obtain  the  following  information : 
That  the  captain  at  the  time  of  mustering  out  was 
James  Graham :  the  first  lieutenant,  Richard  H.  Hart- 


406 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


man,  was  in  command  from  August  6,  1898,  to  March 
25,  1899,  nnd  the  second  lieutenant,  Edwin  M.  Hoi- 
den ;  sergeants:  Fred  N.  McKenzie,  John  A.  Wood, 
Benjamin  D.  Knorr,  Lee  G.  B.  McDowell,  (sharp- 
shooter), William  S.  Maxey;  quartermaster,  Warren 
E.  Cook;  corporals:  William  C.  Rothwell,  John  O. 
Lowe,  Thomas  W.  Parry,  Charles  H.  Abbott,  Zabud 
S.  Starks,  Frank  A.  Warden,  Bunker  C.  Eller,  chief 
cook;  Forrest  E.  Collins,  lance  corporal;  musicians, 
William  W.  Adamson,  Fred  Farr;  artificer,  Hubert 
H.  Anderson;  wagoner,  Henry  H.  Giles;  privates, 
Cyrus  Albertson,  Tim  W.  Barton,  John  Bendy,  Da- 
vid Bjorn,  Val.  Brackenbury,  Malcolm  Carruthers, 
Thos.  E.  Chidsey,  wounded  February  5,  1899,  James 
B.  Crea,  sharpshooter,  Robert  Crea,  William  L.  Cun- 
ningham, George  Cook,  Jr.,  Horatio  A.  Collar,  Lud- 
wig  Egeler,  James  C.  Graves,  Sidney  Gray,  John  E. 
Greene,  Edward  F.  Harper,  Ellet  Hitt,  Joseph  J.  Hor- 
ton,  Norman  W.  Jones,  Joseph  Jones,  James  W.  Jef- 
freys, Paul  A.  Ki'nzel,  Horatio  Lowe,  Arthur  J.  La- 
brash,  George  B.  Manning,  wounded  April  10,  1899; 
Guy  Merritt,  Harry  Minick,  Michael  L.  Murray, 
(sharpshooter),  Solon  Orr,  Frank  R.  Pearson,  Joseph 
L.  Pope,  Edward  Patch,  Alois  L.  Price,  George  C. 
Robins  (sharpshooter),  Herman  G.  Rapp,  (sharp- 
shooter) ;  Frank  Riblett,  William  Resh,  James  C. 
Rich,  Thomas  Richardson,  Jabez  Saunders,  George  P. 
Simpson,  Frank  E.  Smith,  Orson  C.  Wixom,  Henry 
A.  Wolfe.  Transferred:  Quartermaster  sergeant, 
Hugh  M.  McDermid  to  hospital  corps;  Private  Ed- 
ward Mason  to  hospital  corps ;  discharged,  before 
mustering  out :  Captain  John  W.  Murphy,  December 
21,  1898;  Musician  Fred  W.  Beck,  wounded  February 
5,  1899,  Privates  Harry  J.  Conners,  James  W.  Ryan, 
John  C.  Cliff,  Wesley  Walton,  wounded  February  5th, 
1899;  Fred  Goodwin,  Thomas  P.  Burke,  wounded  Feb- 
ruary 5,  1899;  John  J.  Donnelly,  John  A.  Christensen, 
William  P.  Cutting,  Leander  '  E.  Lamon,  Robert 
Mills,  Irwin  Pierson,  Fred  H.  Streeter,  wounded  Feb- 
ruary 5,  1899;  Joseph  J.  Valentine.  Roll  of  Honor: 
Corporal  William  H.  Jones,  died  October  21,  1898; 
Private  Bird  L.  Anderson,  died  June  II,  1898;  Private 
James  D.  Jones,  died  November  i,  1898;  Private  How- 
ard G.  Haller,  killed  February  5,  1899;  Private  Will- 
iam J.  Tracy,  drowned  March  17,  1899. 

Record  of  events: — Left  Boise,  Idaho,  May  19, 
1898.  Arrived  at  San  Francisco,  California,  May  22, 
and  went  into  camp  at  Camp  Merritt.  Embarked  on 
steamship  "Morgan  City,"  June  26th.  Left  San 
Francisco  bay  enroute  to  Manila,  June  27th.  Arrived 
at  Honolulu  July  6th,  leaving  July  9th.  Arrived  at 
Manila  Bay  July  3ist.  Landed  August  6th  at  Para- 
naque,  and  went  into  camp  at  Camp  Dewey.  On 
guard  and  outpost  duty  until  fall  of  Manila,  in  which 
the  Idaho  boys  .took  part.  Went  into  barracks  at 
Malate,  August  i8th.  On  guard  and  outpost  duty 
until  February  4th,  1899.  In  trenches  and  on  firing 
line  from  February  4th  to  July  I2th.  Embarked  on 
U.  S.  A.  transport  "Grant"  en  route  to  San  Francisco, 
via  Nagasaki,  Inland  Sea  and  Yokohama,  July  3ist. 
Arrived  at  San  Francisco  August  29.  Went  into 
camp  at  Presidio,  August  3ist. 


Battles  and  engagements:  With  Spanish  forces — 
assault  and  capture  of  Manila,  August  13,  1898 :  with 
Philipino  insurgents,  1899;  battle  of  Santa  Ana, 
February  4th  and  5th;  battle  of  Caloocan,  February 
loth  and  nth:  engagements  at  Guadaloupe,  Febru-  • 
ary  i6th,  I7th,  and  i8th ;  Santa  Cruz  expedition, 
April  8th  to  I7th;  skirmish  in  the  advance  on  Santa 
Cruz,  April  9th ;  battle  -of  Santa  Cruz,  April  loth ; 
skirmish  in  the  advance  on  Pagsanjan  and  De 
Lomban,  April  nth;  skirmish  in  the  advance  on 
Paete,  April  I3th.  It  should  be  added  that  First 
Lieutenant  L.  Castle,  of  Grangeville,  was,  on  his 
arrival  at  Boise,  transferred  to  the  first  lieutenancy 
of  Company  E,  of  which  he  was  in  command  much 
of  the  time.  Later  he  became  captain  of  Company  H, 
of  Boise,  with  which  he  returned  to  San  Francisco. 

Everywhere  throughout  the  entire  war  the  Idahos 
conducted  themselves  in  such  a  manner  as  to  reflect 
credit  upon  the  state  that  sent  them  forth,  but  per- 
haps one  exploit  in  which  the  Grangeville  volunteers 
were  prominent  is  deserving  of  special  mention  here. 
On  the  loth  of  April  the  command  went  out  on  La- 
guna  de  Bay  to  capture  towns,  in  company  with  the 
Fourteenth  regulars,  the  Fourth  cavalry  and  the 
North  Dakota  Regiment  of  Lawton's  brigade.  Lieu- 
tenant Hartman,  of  Company  C,  was  in  command  of 
sharpshooters  at  Santa  Cruz  and  was  on  the  firing 
line  all  the  time  with  forty  expert  shots  scattered  out 
in  line  about  400  yards  beyond  the  outposts,  where  it 
was  easier  to  pick  off  venturesome  Filipinos.  On 
April  9,  he  created  the  famous  "jackpot  of  Filipinos." 
It  appears  that  he  discovered  some  eighty  or  a  hun- 
dred of  the  enemy  lying  in  ambush  for  him  on  his 
right.  He  swung  his  men  around  so  as  to  form  an  arc 
of  a  circle  with  the  Filipinos  in  the  center.  Lieutenant 
Sims,  of  Company  A,  who  was  on  the  right,  swung 
around  so  as  to  complete  the  corral.  Then  a  terrible 
fire  was  commenced  and  in  a  few  moments  the  "jack- 
pot" was  filled  with  the  bodies  of  slain  Filipinos. 

October  i,  1899,  the  Idaho  county  volunteers  re- 
turned home.  They  were  greeted  with  ovations  all 
along  the  route  and  when  they  reached  Grangeville, 
the  most  enthusiastic  and  cordial  reception  was  ac- 
corded them  that  has  ever  been  given  in  the  history  " 
of  the  county.  Flags  were  unfurled,  strains  of  martial 
music  greeted  their  ears,  flattering  addresses  were 
made,  in  short  everything  was  done  that  could  in  any 
way  emphasize  the  welcome  of  the  people  for  those 
who  had  so  well  represented  them  in  battles  with 
a  foreign  foe.  The  overflowing  heartiness  of  the  re- 
ception will '  live  long  in  the  memories  of  those  to 
whom  it  was  given  and  of  all  who  participated  in 
this  most  enthusiastic  of  gala  occasions. 

While  the  Idaho  county  volunteers  were  making  , 
a  record  to  be  proud  of  in  a  foreign  land,  events  of 
great  moment  in  the  country's  development  were 
transpiring  at  home.  It  was  during  the  prosperous 
year  1898  that  the  famous  Buffalo  Hump  mines  were 
discovered  and  that  an  excitement  was  created  des- 
tined to  carry  the  county  forward  in  population, 
wealth  production  and  general  development  at  a  rate 
never  before  known  since  the  palmy  days  of  placer 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


mining.  The  story  of  the  discovery  is  thus  told: 
In  June,  1898,  a  prospector  and  miner  named  Charles 
F.  Robbins,  in  company  with  George  Mitchell,  an- 
other devotee  of  the  same  calling,  went  into  the 
Florence  country  on  a  prospecting  trip.  Thence  they 
preceded  to  Warren,  returning  about  July  I5th.  In 
Florence  Robbins  met  another  prospector  named  Bert 
Rigley  Young.  The  two  men,  with  Mitchell  and  a 

a  party  to  go  into  the  Meadow  creek  country,  where 
they  located  some  placer  property.  They  worked  the 
ground  for  a  week,  but  not  obtaining  satisfactory  re- 
sults abandoned  the  claim  and  went  over  into  the 
Wind  river  country,  where  Robbins  and  Young  did 
the  assessment  work  on  a  property.  Mallory  and 
Mitchell  here  separated  from  their  companions  and 
returned  to  civilization.  The  two  remaining  pros- 
pectors, upon  completing  the  assessment  work,  re- 
sumed their  prospecting.  The  second  day  out,  the 
date  being  the  yth  of  August,  they  camped  about 
seventy-five  yards  from  the  ledge  of  rock  upon  which 
the  Big  Buffalo  claim  was  afterward  located.  When 
camp  had  been  made,  Young  (who  then  went  by  the 
name  Rigley)  started  on  a  hunt  for  deer.  Return- 
ing about  six  o'clock  he  passed  over  the  big.  uncouth 
ledge.  His  attention  was  attracted  by  the  character 
of  the  rock.  He  picked  up  a  piece  of  quartz  weighing 
about  forty  pounds,  put  it  under  his  arm  and  went 
on  with  it  to  the  camp,  where  that  night  it  was  put 
through  the  roasting  process.  The  result  was  satis- 
factory and  the  next  day  the  two  men  located  the 
Big  Buffalo  and  Merrimac.  On  the  loth,  the  Oro 
Fino,  a  southern  extension  of  the  Merrimac.  was 
staked  out.  The  men  worked  on  the  various  claims 
from  the  morning  of  the  8th  to  the  evening  of  the 
nth,  leaving  next  day  for  Florence  for  a  fresh  food 
supply.  They  told  the  story  of  their  good  fortune 
and  soon  the  news  reached  the  outside  world  and  a 
rush  for  claims  was  precipitated.  The  bonding  of 
these  Hump  properties  for  over  half  a  million  dollars 
gave  to  the  world  sufficient  proof  of  their  value. 

Speaking  of  the  excitement  occasioned  by  the 
discovery  to  a  reporter  for  the  Spokane  Daily  Chroni- 
cle, Attorney  Nash  said: 

"No  one  has  any  idea  of  the  enthusiasm  that  the 
Buffalo  Hump  strike  has  aroused.  It  is  all  and  even 
more  than  the  locators  claimed  for  it.  The  assays 
run  to  phenomenal  values  and  none  of  the  returns 
have  been  low.  The  strike  itself  is  one  of  the  most 
phenomenal  geological  freaks  ever  discovered.  It 
consists  of  a  huge  vein  of  ore  thrown  up  on  the  face 
of  the  plain  and  for  five  miles  one  can  ride  along 
beside  it  on  horseback.  In  its  course  the  vein  runs 
straight  through  the  Salmon  river. 

"For  two  weeks  past  men  have  been  flocking  from 
all  directions  to  the  camp.  At  night  the  camp  fires 

leap  heavenward.  More  than  two  hundred  prospec- 
tors were  living  in  tents  along  the  vein  when  I  left 
Grangeville.  Florence  and  the  other  camps  are  almost 
depopulated ;  men  threw  up  good  jobs  to  get  to  the 
strike;  you  meet  them  on  foot,  huge  packs  on  their 


backs ;  on  horseback,  two  men  on  a  horse ;  in  wagons 
with  supplies  piled  up  high ;  in  all  sorts  of  vehicles, 
all  with  but  one  thought — to  stake  out  a  claim  before 
all  are  gone. 

"The  ledge  is  free  milling  white  quartz.  For  years 
trained  and  veteran  prospectors  camped  beside  it',  and 
climbed  over  and  around  it  to  get  into  the  renowned 
diggings  in  Boise  basin,  in  the  Florence  district,  in  the 
northern  counties,  into  the  Seven  Devils  country  and 
to  dozens  of  other  localities  long  since  forgotten." 

A  mining  boom  may  be  a  costly  thing  for  those 
who  travel  long  distances  and  endure  great  hardships 
without  being  fortunate  enough  to  find  any  reward 
in  unearthed  treasure,  but  it  probably  never  has  the 
deplorable  effect  upon  conditions  in  the  boomed  sec- 
tion that  a  real  estate  boom  has.  The  result  of  the 
sale  of  the  Buffalo  mines  was  a  revival  of  activity  in 
all  the  mining  districts,  and  a  rush  into  central  Idaho 
in  midwinter,  which  called  forth  words  of  warning; 
from  the  local  press.  Throughout  the  whole  of  the 
year  1899,  Idaho  county  was  in  a  state  of  feverish 
excitement.  Old  undeveloped  properties  of  which 
prospectors  had  known  for  years  began  attracting 
general  attention,  and  inasmuch  as  they  were  new  to 
the  public  many  of  them  were  looked  upon  as  recent 
discoveries.  The  mining  world  was  astonished  at  the 
discovery  of  the  Buffalo  Hump,  Mallick,  Salmon  river 
and  South  Fork  mines  almost  simultaneously,  when 
as  a  matter  of  fact  they  were  not  new  finds,  though 
without  fame,  as  their  development  had  long  been 
rendered  impossible  by  isolation.  A  mining  boom 
occasions  co-operation  in  the  building  of  roads  and 
overcoming  of  natural  barriers,  producing  results 
utterly  unattainable  by  the  generally  impecunious 
prospecting  class. 

A  not  unimportant  incidental  result  of  the  Buffalo 
Hump  excitement  was  the  bringing  into  prominence 
before  the  public  of  the  richest  and  finest  agricultural 
lands  in  the  state,  those  of  the  Camas  prairie  and 
the  Nez  Perces  reservation.  Thus  the  farming  classes 
profited  not  alone  by  the  creation  of  an  excellent 
home  market  for  their  products,  but  by  the  influx  of 
men  looking  for  homes,  the  augmentation  of  the  agri- 
cultural population  and  the  increased  development  at- 
tendant thereon. 

Another  cause  of  excitement  during  this  year  was 
the  railroad  activity  centering  in  the  Clearwater 
country.  Both  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  O.  R. 
&  N.  were  making  surveys  in  the  central  Idaho  region, 
and  encouraging  the  hope  that  construction  of  roads 
in  several  different  directions  would  soon  begin,  but 
the  railroad  situation  has  been  discussed  at  some 
length  in  a  previous  chapter  and  needs  no  further 
treatment  here. 

Writing  in  the  Portland  Oregonian,  a  correspend- 
ent  in  Grangeville  thus  summarizes  the  conditions  ob- 
taining- in  Idaho  county  in  the  summer  of  1899: 

"This  whole  country  is  on  the  boom.  Mineral 
strikes  and  railway  prospects  are  the  cause  ot  it,  Buf- 
falo Hump  being' the  most  important  factor.  From 

feet  of  the  boom  and.  everybody  is  confident  that  it  is 


4o8 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


but  the  beginning  of  a  permanent  prosperity.  New- 
towns  and  new  additions  to  old  towns  are  coming  to 
the  front ;  the  price  of  real  estate  is  leaping  skyward ; 
every  house  of  every  description  is  occupied  to  its  full 
capacity  and  large  numbers  of  new  ones  are  under 
construction,  while  many  vacant  lots  serve  as  tenting 
ground  for  the  people  who  cannot  otherwise  get 
housed.  *  *  * 

The  greatest  drawback  this  country  has  is  lack 
of  railroads.  At  present  all  freight  has  to  be  hauled 
over  a  mountain  range  5,000  feet  high  from  Lewiston, 
seventy  miles  away.  Two  cents  per  pound  is  being 
paid  to-day  for  all  freight  handled  between  the  two 
points.  This  is  a  handicap  that  is  discouraging  to  those 
who  have  to  compete  with  the  world,  so  the  competition 
from  this  section  has  not  been  worth  mentioning. 

"Now  two  lines  of  railway  are  projected  through 
the  country.  The  O.  R.  &  N.  has  done  more  than  a 
make  a  preliminary  survey,  it  has  definitely  located  its 
line  and  obtained  the  right  of  way  up  the  Clearwater 
and  across  the  Camas  prairie  to  Grangeville.  The 
N.  P.'s  survey  clings  to  the  Clearwater  river,  following 
up  the  canyon  on  the  side  opposite  the  prairie,  and 
aiming,  it  is  said,  for  a  pass  that  will  allow  it  to  go 
through  into  Montana. 

"Golcl  dust  and  bullion  to  the  value  of  about  $250,- 
ooo  were  sent  out  of  Idaho  county  last  year,  fully 
half  of  which  was  handled  in  Grangeville.  Tha't 
yield  was  much  below  the  average  and  was 
much  less  than  the  value  of  the  supplies 
taken  in  for  the  support  of  the  miners.  From  Camas 
prairie  last  fall,  ten  thousand  hogs  were  driven  out 
to  market  and  about  three  thousand  each  of  cattle, 
horses  and  sheep.  Besides  these  of  course  the  local 
market  was  supplied.  It  is  not  found  to  be  profitable 
ordinarily  to  raise  grain,  hay  or  root  crops  for  the 
outside  market,  the  cost  of  freighting  by  teams  over 
Craig's  mountain  being  heavy,  and  the  home  demand 
is  so  limited  that  there  is  small  inducement  for  syste- 
matic farming.  Scarcely  one-tenth  of  the  land  that 
might  be  cultivated  is  now  cultivated.  The  rich  alluvial 
soil  ranging  in  color  from  a  mole  brown  to  inky  black, 
occasionally  of  clayey  texture  and  in  a  few  cases  show- 
ing a  little'gravel  or  sand,  is  said  to  be  the  best  known 
for  barley,  and  the  wheat  grown  on  it  is  of  such  qual- 
ity that  one  of  the  mills  at  Grangeville  sends  out  a 
carload  of  flour  a  week  to  supply  a  special  demand 
from  San  Francisco.  Last  year  Grangeville  sold  goods 
of  all  kinds  to  the  total  of  about  $750,000." 

The  same  conditions  that  had  brought  the  good 
times  of  1899  continued  operative  during  the  following 
year  with  the  result  that  that  also  was  very  prosperous 
and  brought  substantial  industrial  developments.  On 
May  26th  a  delegation  from  Grangeville's  board  of 
trade  responded  to  an  invitation  to  meet  and  confer 
with  President  Mellen  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road at  Stuart.  The  railway  man  opened  the  inter- 
view by  emphatically  stating  that  the  road  he  repre- 
sented would  extend  its  line  to  Camas  prairie  within 
a  year  if  nothing  unforseen  should  prevent.  He  stated 
that  the  truce  agreed  upon  between  himself  and  Presi- 


dent Harriman  in  1899  had  been  a  blessing  in  disguise 
for  Grangeville,  inasmuch  as  the  road,  if  forced  to 
build  at  that  ime,  would  have  passed  up  the  Cotton- 
wood  leaving  Grangeville  side  tracked,  while  now  a 
plat  had  been  filed  of  a  route  touching  the  town. 

In  mining  circles  activity  continued,  the  Hump 
being  still  the  center  of  attraction,  though  signs  of 
the  coming  Thunder  Mountain  boom  were  discernable. 
Not  a  little  interest  was  taken  in  Dewey,  a  mine  located 
the  previous  year  on  the  south  fork  of  the  Clearwater, 
seven  miles  from  Grangeville.  The  camp  certainly 
held  forth  bright  prospects  and  it  had  the  advantage, 
should  it  prove  meritorious,  of  being  easily  accessible. 
A  wagon  road  was  completed  into  the  Hump  country 
from  Grangeville  in  October, — a  splendid  monument 
to  the  energy  and  public  spirit  of  Grangeville  and  the 
prairie,  and  a  great  advantage  to  the  farmer  and  the 
miner  alike.  There  was  much  activity  in  some  of  the 
old  camps. 

"With  the  closing  of  another  year,"  says  the  Free 
Press,  in  its  issue  of  December  27,  1900,  "the  people 
of  Idaho  county  can  look  back  over  the  past  twelve 
months  and  point  with  pride  to  the  splendid  advance- 
ment made  in  this  part  of  the  state.  Immigration  has 
flowed  into  our  borders:  our  mines  have  been  de- 
veloped ;  our  crops  have  been  abundant ;  our  merchants 
have  enjoyed  a  lucrative  trade,  and  all  well  directed 
energy  has  been  rewarded." 

The  year  of  1901  was  one  of  progress  in 
Idaho  county  along  various  lines.  High  prices 
for  cattle,  sheep  and  hogs  made  good  times 
among  the  stockmen  and  farmers,  while  the 
various  mines  in  the  different  districts  were 
worked  vigorously.  The  report  of  the  state  mining  in- 
spector stated  that  at  Dixie,  in  the  Hump  country  and 
on  the  Evergreen  and  Dewey  mines  on  the  south  fork 
of  the  Clearwater  near  Grangeville  much  development 
work  was  done,  and  that  the  results  were  such  as  to 
encourage  the  mine  owners  to  hope  for  the  fulfillment 
of  their  most  sanguine  predictions.  The  general  pros- 
perity of  the  country  induced  not  a  few  industrial  pro- 
jects of  various  kinds  the  boldest  and  chief est  among 
which  was  that  for  the  building  of  an  electric  railway 
between  Lewiston  and  Grangeville,  via  Denver,  Cotton- 
wood  and  Nezperce.  At  a  joint  meeting  held  at 
Grangeville  August  I2th  of  committees  representing 
the  Lewiston  Commercial  club  and  the  Grangeville 
board  of  trade,  this  project  was  discussed  and  it  was 
decided  to  organize  a  company.  E.  H.  Libby,  of  the 
Lewiston  Water  &  Power  Company,  argued  the  prac- 
ticability of  the  scheme,  proposing  that  power  be  taken 
from  the  south  fork  of  the  Clearwater  and  from  the 
Grande  Ronde  river.  Engineer  Walter  H.  Hill  had 
prepared  estimates  of  the  cost  snowing  that  $900,000 
would  be  required  to  construct  the  line,  exclusive  of 
power,  power  plants,  electrical  equipments  and  rolling 
stock.  The  extensive  area  of  agricultural  and  timber 
land  tributary  to  the  proposed  road,  it  was  argued, 
would  abundantly  justify  the  venture.  It  was  decided 
to  raise  fifteen  hundred  dollars  with  which  to  make 
preliminary  surveys,  further  estimates,  etc.,  but  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


409 


project  has  never  been  pushed,  though  its  agitation 
may  be  resumed  in  future  and  there  is  a  remote  possi- 
bility of  its  ultimate  materialization. 

The  chief  sensation  of  1902  was  the  Thunder 
Mountain  excitement.  For  several  years  the  existence 
.  there  of  both  placer  and  quartz  gold  had  been  known, 
and  the  district  was  represented  on  the  records  of  the 
i  United  States  assay  office  at  Boise,  but  owing  to  its 
I  isolation  and  the  absorbing  interest  of  the  Buffalo 
Hump  and  other  districts  less  remote  from  ordinary 
routes  of  travel,  it  attracted  little  general  attention. 
In  1902.  however,  he  eyes  of  the  public  were  turned 
in  its  dirction,  no  doubt  through  the  extensive  adver- 
tising of  the  railroads,  and  a  rush  of  no  small  magni- 
tude was  precipitated.  The  credit  of  the  discovery 
is  universally  accorded  to  the  Caswell  Brothers.  "In 
1894,"  says  the  report  of  the  state  mine  inspector, 
"Ben  Caswell  and  Dan.  Caswel!  first  visited  the  dis- 
trict and  located  several  claims,  and  while  the  forma- 
tion was  entirely  quartz,  there  being  no  gravel  carrying 
the  gold  as  in  placer  mining,  yet  by  panning  the  de- 
composed porphyry  where  upon  the  surface  it  had  be- 
come air  slacked,  the  venturesome  prospectors  secured 
some  $260  in  gold.  For  seven  years  these  men,  who 
were  joined  by  another  brother,  W.  T.  Ritchey  and 
Mr.  Huntley,  annually  visited  the  district,  and  although 
their  efforts  were  of  the  crudest  and  they  were  able  to 
work  only  two  weeks  each  season,  a  total  of  fourteen 
weeks,  utilizing  the  water  from  the  melting  snow, 
within  that  period  of  time  they  secured  $20,358.99 
in  gold,  as  shown  by  the  receipts  of  the  U.  S.  assay 
office  at  Boise. 

"Among  those  who  had  heard  of  the  discoveries 
of  the  Caswells  was  Ed.  H.  Dewey,  of  Nampa,  Idaho, 
and  with  characteristic  keenness  and  foresight,  Mr. 
Dewev  was  the  first  to  realize  the  wonderful  possibili- 
ties of  the  district  and  interested  his  father,  Col.  W. 
H.  Dewey,  the  well-known  millionaire  mining  and 
railroad  man,  in  a  proposition  to  purchase  the  original 
Caswell  discoveries.  The  Caswells  concluded  that  an 
assured  competence  was  better  than  even  the  owner- 
ship of  a  bonanza  that  would  require  large  capital 
to  develop.  They  also  had  other  claims  in  the  dis- 
trict and  the  interesting  of  Colonel  Dewey  would  mean 
the  building  of  roads  to  the  almost  inaccessible  region 
and  the  enhancing  of  the  value  of  every  prospect.  A 
deal  was  quickly  made  and  a  bond  to  dispose  of  the 
claims  comprised  in  the  original  discovery  was  entered 
into  in  the  sum  of  $100,000.  Colonel  Dewey  imme- 
diately put  a  force  of  men  at  work  and  sent  experts 
into  the  camp.  So  favorable  were  the  reports  of  these 
experts,  men  of  the  highest  standing  in  their  pro- 
fession, that  Colonel  Dewey  and  associates,  capitalists 
of  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  paid  the  agreed  purchase 
price  to  the  Caswells,  although  the  bond  was  not  due 
ary,  1903.  The  Dewey  Company  has  done 


deal  of  work, 


nil!. 


which  was  taken  over  the  Boise-Bear  valh 

wagons  and  by  pack  horses.     They  have  run  several 

hundred  feet  of  tunnels  and  cross  cuts  which  have  all 


nilling  character,  averaging  $7 


been  in  ore  of  a  irt 
and  upwards  per  ton 

The  knowledge  of  the  facts  contained  in  the  report 
from  which  the  above  extract  has  been  made  and  the 
advertising  of  the  railroad  companies,  precipitated,  as 
we  have  said,  a  large  influx  of  people  into  the  Thun- 
der Mountain  district  during  the  mining  season  of 
1902.  Travel  into  the  country  was  divided  between 
two  routes,  via  Boise  and  Bear  valley  and  via  Grange- 
ville,  Florence  and  Warren.  Naturally  the  former 
route  was  the  most  popular  with  eastern  people  on  ac- 
count of  its  setting  out  directly  from  a  transconti- 
nental railroad,  but  there  was  much  travel  over  the 
other  route  also,  and  the  farmers,  merchants  and  hotel 
men  of  Idaho  county  derived  the  advantage. 

For  two  or  three  years  previous  to  this  time,  the 
matter  of  removing  the  county  seat  from  Mount  Idaho 
to  Grangeville  had  received  some  attention  and  at  one 
time  steps  in  that  direction  had  been  taken,  but  the 
scheme  was  not  pushed  to  any  conclusion.  In  1902, 
however,  it  was  resolved  to  bring  the  matter  to  an 
issue,  so  a  petition  was  circulated  and  such  other  pre- 
liminary steps  taken  as  were  by  law  required  in  order 
to  secure  a  vote  on  the  question.  The  campaign  does 

doubt  to  the  fact  that  citizens  of  Mount  Idaho  realized 
the  hopelessness  of  their  cause.  The  petition  was 
numerously  signed,  and  the  vote  at  the  general  election 
was  2,637  in  favor  of  removal,  943  against.  On  July 
1 5th  previous  to  the  election,  the  people  had  voted  by 
a  vote  of  193  to  13  to  issue  bonds  in  the  sum  of  five 
thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  city 
hall,  the  understanding  being  that  it  might  be  turned 
over  to  the  county  for  use  as  a  court  house  if  such 
was  deemed  best.  The  building  was  erected  and  leased 

rental. 

We  have  followed  the  course  of  this  cursory  re- 
view until  it  has  brought  us  out  of  the  realm  of  his- 
tory and  into  that  of  current  events.  The  dearth  of 
available  records  and  perhaps  our  own  limitations 
have  rendered  it  impossible  to  present  as  vivid  a  pic- 
ture as  we  could  wish  of  the  county's  development 
from  the  time  its  sands  were  first  found  to  contain 
gold  to  the  present  when  it  is  a  county  of  happy  homes, 
rapidly  developing  quartz  mines,  large  live  stock  inter- 
ests, schools,  churches,  societies,  a  well  organized  local 

necdonsieannd°a  brig™tTutlook  for"  the  "future.  Great 
as  has  been  the  development  the  past  has  wrought,  a 
feeling  prevails  that  the  county's  industrial  history  has 
just  begun,  and  that  the  historian  of  the  future  will 
find  a  richer  field  of  reseach  than  we  have  found,  and 
events  of  much  greater  moment  to  record.  The  earliest 
pioneers  have  builded  a  goodly  superstructure  upon 
with  their  sons  and  successors  may  be  trusted  to  erect, 
out  of  the  rich  materials  that  nature  has  provided  with 
such  a  lavish  hand,  a  grand  and  enduring  edifice,  such 
as  will  prove  a  worthy  monument  to  themselves  and 
their  sires  and  predecessors. 


CHAPTKR   III. 


POLITICAL. 


Despite  a  most  thorough  search  through  the  coun- 
ty's archives  and  diligent  inquiry  among  those  most 
likely  to  know,  we  have  been  unable  to  find  a  trace  of 
the  earliest  political  records  of  Idaho  county— those 
previous  to  1869 — and  are  forced  to  conclude  that  they 
are  lost.  This  period  covers  the  time  when  the  county 
seat  was  located  at  Florence,  and  doubtless  in  moving 
the  archives  from  place  to  place  these  valuable  rec- 
ords have  either  been  left  behind  or  destroyed.  There 
was  not  much  semblance  of  law  and  order  in  Florence 
during  the  first  few  years  of  its  existence  and  but  lit- 
tle attention  was  given  to  the  problems  of  government. 
Men  were  engaged  in  a  mad  scramble  for  gold.  There 
were  no  important  public  works  which  required  at- 
tention in  the  wild  rugged  country  then  embraced 
within  the  county's  boundaries.  The  simple  wants  of 
the  people  were  few  in  number  and  were  attended  to 
without  the  complicated  system  now  in  vogue. 

The  early  government  of  Idaho  county  was  identi- 
cal in  form  that  of  most  mining  counties,  except, 
perhaps,  that  it  was  less  effective.  Among  the  miners 
a  local  government  was  established  which,  although 
not  always  according  to  the  laws  on  the  statute  books, 
nevertheless  generally  accomplished  the  main  objects 
of  law  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  Most  of  these  men,  in 
fact  there  were  very  few  exceptions,  lived  in  ex- 
pectation of  the  mines  soon  becoming  no  longer  pro- 
ductive, which  meant  that  the  miners  must  leave,  and 
they  were,  therefore,  unconcerned  in  building  up  a 
stable  government.  This  was  the  general  character  of 
the  population  of  Idaho  county  during  the  'sixties.  If 
elected  or  appointed  to  office,  men  filled  the  positions 
or  not  at  their  pleasure,  thus  continually  disarranging 

serve  two  terms  and  in  most  instances  men  failed  to 
serve  out  the  terms  for  which  they  were  elected. 

This  being  the  condition  of  affairs  for  the  first  de- 
cade of  the  county's  existence  it  need  not  be  surpris- 
ing if  the  records  and  lists  of  officers  who  served  dur- 
ing this  period  are  occasionally  inaccurate,  although 
we  have  been  very  painstaking  in  our  efforts  to  give  a 
correct  record.  It  would  manifestly  be  impossible  to 
give  an  account  of  each  resignation  and  appointment, 
so  the  names  of  those  only  who  were  known  to  have 
served  or  have  been  elected  are  given. 


Section  2  of  the  act  creating  Idaho  county  reads  as 
follows : 

"Be  it  further  enacted,  That  L.  Lindsey  be.  and  is 
hereby,  appointed  county  auditor :  Robert  Gray,  Rob- 
ert Burns  and  —  —  Sanbourn  be  appointed  county 
commissioners;  Jefferson  Standifer,  sheriff;  — 
Parker,  justice  of  the  peace,  for  said  county,  until  the 
next  general  election." 

This  act  was  passed  and  approved  December  20, 
1861. 

The  county  having  been  organized  and  a  system  of 
government  established,  it  became  necessary  to  hold 
a  term  of  district  court,  and  so  we  find  that  on  the  22d 
day  of  September,  1862,  Hon.  E.  P.  Oliphant,  one  of 
the  three  associate  justices  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Washington  territory,  opened  court  in  Florence.  Jef- 
ferson J.  Standifer  was  present  in  his  capacity  as 
sheriff;  J.  Rand  Sanburn,  district  clerk,  was  repre- 
sented by  his  deputy,  Jonas  W.  Brown;  J.  D.  Will- 
iams and  James  Judd  were  appointed  bailiffs,  and  John 
Donovan  acted  as  the  court  crier.  Besides  these  of- 
ficials there  were  also  present  several  attorneys, 
among  whom  we  find  the  names  of  I.  N.  Smith,  C.  "P. 
Sprague.  H.  L.  Preston,  J.  K.  Shafer,  Edward  Lander, 
W.  G.  Langford  and  Daniel  E.  Smith,  all  of  whom 
were  admitted  to  practice.  The  first  official  act  of 
Judge  Oliphant  was  to  appoint  I.  N.  Smith  prosecut- 
ing attorney  to  fill  the  vacancy  then  existing,  after 
which  the  grand  jury  was  sworn  in.  The  names  of 
these  first  grand  jurymen  are  given  as  follows:  John 
Creighton,  foreman ;'  B.  M.  Anderson,  G.  W.  Keeler, 
William  Baird,  C.  C.  Higby,  O.  Robbins,  J.  A.  Massey, 
J.  B.  Oldham,  T.  J.  Walker,  Charles  Baird.  R.  G. 
French,  D.  H.  Alderson,  W.  T.  McMillen.  Samuel 
Stuart,  J.  T.  Galbraith  and  George  Hardin. 

The  grand  iury  reported  the  following  true  bills: 
William  Winters,  George  Ripperts.  L.  B.  Helm,  mur- 
der :  William  Thoman,  Daniel  Thome,  James  Wendall, 
George  Ivers,  assault  with  intent  to  commit  murder; 
John  C.  Holgate,  counterfeiting  gold  dust:  T.  M. 
Pooler,  James  Stearns,  larceny :  Dick  Tregaskis.  A.  T. 
Campbell,  Richard  Roe,  John  Smith  and  John  Doe. 
obstructing  public  highways;  and  Patrick  Layden, 

Milner  &  Casten. Brown,  Ballard  &  Calhoun, 

Howard  &  Hewlett,  Wallace  &  Holgate, Kelly 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


(Slate  Creek  house),  A.  I.  Chapman,  Benjamin  Sar- 
geant,  Theodore  Shultz,  John  Goff,  —  -  Miner, 
John  Doe  (Mountain  house),  Squire  &  Adams,  Rich- 
ard Roe,  selling  intoxicating  liquors. 

Holgate's  case  was  immediately  tried.  J.  Harphan, 
E.  T.  Beatty,  Hugh  Donahue,  C.  W.  Walker,  William 
High,  Tohn  G.  Babcock,  J.  W.  McBride,  George  Pop- 
ham,  f .  A.  Lowry,  William  B.  Park,  C.  A.  Barnard 
and  D.  W.  Curds  comprised  the  jury.  Messrs.  Smith 
and  Sprague  prosecuted  the  case  and  Lauder  and 
Langford  "defended  the  accused.  Holgate  was  found 
not  guilty.  September  3Oth  Winters  was  placed  on 
trial  and  late  the  same  day  the  jury  returned  a  verdict 
of  "not  guilty."  These  were  the  only  important  cases 
which  were  tried,  the  remainder  being  either  nolle 
prosequied  or  continued.  A  great  grist  of  civil  cases 
came  before  the  court  for  adjudication.  As  indicating 
the  immense  volume  of  business  it  may  be  said  that 
forty  different  entries  appear  on  one  day's  journal. 
Many  of  the  cases  were  settled  by  the  disputing  par- 
ties, in  some  cases  decrees  were  granted,  others  were 
summarily  dismissed,  while  a  few  were  continued. 
After  being  in  session  twelve  days,  court  adjourned 
October  4,  1862.  For  nearly  two  years  following  this 
term  practically  no  important  business  was  transacted 
by  the  district  court  in  Idaho  county. 

From  a  record  of  the  early  water  rights  granted  in 
the  county  we  take  the  following,  which  appears  to 
have  been' the  first  claim  filed : 

"We,  the  undersigned,  claim,  as  per  notice  posted 
on  the  main  Slate  creek  and  two  branches  on  the  south 
side  of  main  creek,  the  waters  of  said  main  creek  and 
branches  for  ditch  purposes  to  be  conveyed  to  the 
Florence  mines,  and  the  undersigned  intend  to  apply 
to  the  legislature  of  W.  T.  for  a  charter  for  the  said 
ditch,  situate  in  Idaho  county,  W.  T. 

"D.  H.  ALDERSON, 
"A.  D.  SAUNDERS, 
"G.  W.  KEELER, 
"Jos.  HAWKINS. 

"Florence  City,  Tuly  22,  1862. 

"Filed  for  record  this  23d  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1862; 
7  o'clock  and  10  minutes. 

"I.  H.  HOFF,  County  Auditor. 

"By  JONAS  W.  BROWN,  Deputy." 

The  only  other  water  right  recorded  in  1862  was 
that  of  Charles  Bennett,  who  filed  a  claim  to  all  the 
waters  of  Kelley's  creek.  This  claim  was  filed  Octo- 
ber 1 2th. 

On  March  3,  1863,  the  territory  of  Idaho  was  or- 
ganized and  under  the  new  regime  Idaho  county  held 
its  first  election  that  fall.  This  election  was  called  for 
the  purpose  of  choosing  a  delegate  to  congress  and 
representatives  to  the  territorial  legislature.  Idaho 
county  cast  346  votes  for  delegate.  To  the  legislative 
council  it  sent  Lyman  Standford,  and  to  the  house, 
Alonzo  Leland  and  John  Wood. 

In  1864  S.  S.  Fenn  was  elected  to  the  legislative 
council,  and  E.  C.  Latta  and  Alexander  Blakely  were 
chosen  as  Idaho  county's  representatives  in  the  house. 
Other  than  these  three  we  have  been  unable  to  find  who 
were  elected  that  year.  The  following  year  a  special 


legislative  election  was  held  at  which  Fenn  was  re- 
turned to  the  council  and  Alexander  Blakely  and  J.  A. 
Ripson  were  elected  representatives,  the  former  suc- 
ceeding himself. 

A  roster  of  the  officers  elected  in  1866  is  as  follows : 
Councilman.  S.  S.  Fenn  ;  representatives,  J.  H.  Harris 
and  A.  W.  McDonald;  probate  judge,  F.  A.  Shearer; 
auditor,  recorder  and  clerk,  E.  K.  Patterson ;  treasurer, 
Daniel  Courtenay ;  assessor,  J.  Renau  ;  commissioners, 
Conrad  Fruth,  Thomas  Marriott,  S.  S.  Smith:  sur- 
veyor, Ed.  Hanegan ;  superintendent  public  instruction, 
Benjamin  Haymond.  All  were  Democrats. 

The  next  "election,  that  of  1868,  resulted  as  fol- 
lows :  Councilman,  S.  P.  C.  Howard ;  representatives, 
E  Mulkey  and  E.  T.  Bailey ;  commissioners,  Thomas 
F.  Marriott,  James  Morehead,  —  :  pro- 
bate judge,  —  ;  sheriff,  H.  B.  Sinclair; 

auditor,  recorder  and  clerk,  Benjamin  F.  Morris ;  treas- 
urer, J.  J.  Manuel;  district  attorney,  James  W.  Poe ; 
coroner,  C.  A.  Sears.  The  commissioners  appointed 
Alexander  McDonald  to  fill  the  vacant  commissioner- 
ship  and  E.  R.  Sherwin  as  probate  judge.  Both  of 
these  appointees  were  Republicans,  and,  with  Coroner 
Sears,  were  the  only  members  of  that  party  repre- 
sented among  the  officers. 

At  this  election  the  county  seat  was  removed  from 
Florence,  which  had  been  steadily  declining,  to  Wash- 
ington, the  metropolis  of  the  Warren  mining  district. 
The  commissioners  met  at  the  new  county  seat  in  Au- 
gust, 1869,  and  contracted  with  F.  Shissler  and  John 
Mathison  for  the  construction  of  a  county  jail,  the"  cost 
not  to  exceed  $2,200.  A  vacant  cabin  was  rented  of 
John  Wood  for  use  as  a  court  house.  On  July  i4th 
the  commissioners  divided  the  county  into  three  new 
election  precincts,  whose  boundaries  were  defined  as 
follows : 

"District  No.  i  to  commence  at  the  wire  bridge 
across  Salmon  river  and  thence  southwest  to  the  head- 
waters of  a  stream  running  from  near  Marshall's  old 
Mountain  House  and  following  down  the  line  of  said 
stream  to  its  junction  with  little  Salmon  river  at  the 
upper  crossing  of  said  Salmon  river  between  Warren 
and  Warm  Spring  and  thence  following  down  the  said 
river  to  its  junction  with  the  main  south  Salmon  and 
all  the  country  belonging  to  said  county  lying  south 
of  said  line  including  Warren  and  South  "Salmon,  shall 
constitute  District  No.  i. 

"District  No.  2  shall  commence  at  the  north  line 
of  District  No.  I  and  down  the  main  Salmon  river  to 
the  big  canyon  between  lohn  Day  creek  and  Slate 
creek,  including  all  of  the  Payette  country  with  Warm 
Springs  and  Miller's  camp  and  John  Day  creek,  shall 
constitute  District  No.  2. 

"District  No.  3  shall  commence  at  the  north  line 
of  District  No.  2  and  all  the  country  belonging  to  said 
county,  north  of  said  line,  including  Florence,  Slate 
Creek  and  White  Bird,  shall  constitute  District  Xo.  3." 

In  1869  Idaho  county  had  only  nine  count}  roads. 
The  first  of  these  was  created  May  15,  1862,  and  em- 
braced the  streets  of  Florence ;  the  second  road,  being 
the  trail  leading  from  the  head  of  Miners'  street,  via 
Babboon  gulch  and  the  mouth  of  Slate  creek,  to  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


county  line,  was  created  at  the  same  meeting,  as  were 
also  the  third  road,  formerly  the  old  Milner  trail,  and 
the  fourth  county  road,  the  trail  leading  from  the 
south  end  of  Miners'  street,  Florence,  to  the  Salmon. 
These  were  the  oldest.  The  ninth  road  to  be  taken  un- 
der the  county's  fostering  care  was  that  between  the 
Allison  place  on  the  Salmon  and  Florence,  via  the  Flor- 
ence quartz  mill.  This  road  was  created  by  the  coin- 
In  1870  Idaho  county's  officers  were  as  follows: 
Councilman,  S.  P.  C.  Howard;  representatives,  P. 
Clean-  and  Perry  Clark ;  sheriff,  H.  B.  Sinclair ;  audi- 
.  tor  and  recorder,  Benjamin  F.  Morris ;  treasurer,  J.  J. 
Manuel;  assessor,  Josh  Fockler ;  probate  judge.  John 
Keep :  commissioners,  Harvey  H.  Hall,  Charles  Chris- 
tie and  H.  A.  Tinkham.  Hall  and  Christie  were  the 
only  Republicans. 

The  official  vote  cast  at  the  November  election  in 
Idaho  county  in  1872  was  as  follows:  For  delegate, 
John  Hailey,  Democrat,  136,  Joseph  Huston,  Repub- 
lican, 92:  district  attorney,  James  W.  Poe,  Democrat, 
124,  John  Clark,  Republican,  99;  representatives.  N.  B. 
Willey  and  Harvey  Hall,  Republicans,  137  and  103 
votes,"  respectively,  Harry  Tinkham  and  Philip  Cleary. 
Democrats,  98  and  94  votes,  respectively;  sheriff,  H. 
B.  Sinclair.  Democrat,  113,  J.  S.  Fockler,  Republican 
nominee,  though  a  Democrat,  106 ;  auditor  and  record- 
er, B.  F.  Morris,  Democrat,  128,  I.  Orcutt,  Republi- 
can, 96:  treasurer,  R.  Hurley,  Democrat,  142,  Leo  Ho- 
fen,  Republican,  82 :  assessor.  Jefferson  Rhoacls,  Dem- 
ocrat. 125,  Henry  Elfers,  Republican,  99;  probate 
judge,  Levi  May,  Republican,  122,  John  Keep,  Demo- 
rat,  103 ;  superintendent  public  instruction,  Richard 
Saux,  Democrat.  128,  George  Woodward.  Republi- 
can. 54:  surveyor,  Charles  Schneider,  Democrat,  130, 
H.  Savage,  Republican,  43,  William  Allison,  Independ- 
ent. 12;  coroner,  Jesse  Farmer,  Democrat,  128,  C.  A. 
Sears,  Republican,  99;  commissioner,  second  district, 
W.  B.  Holmes,  Democrat,  42,  W.  B.  Bloomer,  10. 

The  election  of  1874  resulted  in  a  sweeping  Demo- 
cratic victory  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  vote : 
For  delegate,  S.  S.  Fenn,  Democrat,  163.  T.  W. 
Bennett,  Republican,  23:  councilman,  S.  P.  C.  How- 
ard, Democrat,  146,  Alexander  McDonald.  Republican; 
40:  representatives,  Philip  Cleary,  George  M.  Shearer, 
Democrats.  117  and  66  votes,  respectively,  W.  H. 
Rhett,  Thomas  Clark.  Republicans,  64  and'  48  votes, 
respectively,  Fred  Klippel,  Independent,  65 ;  district 
attorney.  John  Clark,  Republican,  102;  probate  judge, 
Peter  Grogan.  Democrat.  148,  C.  A.  Sears,  Republi- 
can, 3s ;  sheriff,  C.  W.  Case,  Democrat,  137,  G.  M. 
Dyer,  Republican,  45;  auditor  and  recorder,  B.  F. 
Morris,  Democrat,  130,  George  Barnard,  Republican, 
51  ;  treasurer,  George  Church,  Democrat,  124,  N.  B. 
Willey,  Republican.  61  ;  assessor,  Jefferson  Rhoacls, 
Democrat,  85,  John  M.  Auchinvole,  Republican,  99; 
commissioners,  A.  Freidenrich,  S.  W.  Carpenter,  John 
Wood,  Democrats,  147,  148  and  85  votes,  respectively, 
George  Woodward,  John  Draper,  Republicans.  114 
and  37  votes,  respectively;  superintendent  public  in- 
struction, J.  J.  Manuel,  Democrat.  103,  J.  H.  Elfers. 
Republican,  80. 


The  official  records  of  the  election  held  in  1876  are 
incomplete,  giving  simply  the  vote  cast  in  this  county 
for  delegate  to  congress  and  district  attorney.  S.  S. 
Fenn  was  reclectecl  to  congress  and  in  this  county  re- 
ceived 245  votes,  while  his  opponent,  John  Clark,  se- 
cured only  131.  James  W.  Poe,  the  Democratic  nomi- 
nee for  district  attorney,  received  301  votes;  Jasper 
Rand,  39  votes.  S.  P.'C.  Howard  was  returned  for 
the  fifth  time  to  the  council,  and  Philip  Cleary  was 
chosen  as  Idaho's  sole  representative  in  the  lower 
house.  C.  W.  Case  was  elected  sheriff,  Benjamin  F. 
Morris  was  re-elected  auditor  and  recorder,  K.  W. 
White  received  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  for  the 
office  of  assessor,  Frank  Oliver  became  treasurer, 
Aurora  Shumway  was  elected  probate  judge  and  J.  S. 
Fockler,  D.  H.  Howser  and  George  Dempster,  com- 
missioners. As  usual  nearly  all  of  the  men  elected  were 
Democrats.  This  was  the  first  election  held  in  the 
county  in  which  the  settlers  on  Camas  prairie  partic- 
ipated, that  section  becoming  a  portion  of  this  county 
in  1875. 

The  names  of  the  victorious  candidates  in  the  cam- 
paign of  1878  may  be  seen  from  the  summarized  vote 
given  below:  Delegate  to  congress,  George  Ainslee, 
Democrat.  210,  J.  W.  Brown,  Republican,  185;  dis-. 
trict  attorney,  James  W.  Poe,  Democrat,  221,  M.  Bel- 
lure,  Republican,  18 ;  councilman,  James  Witt,  Demo- 
crat, 175,  N.  B.  Willey.  Republican,  216:  assembly- 
man* or  representative,  William  C.  Pearson,  Republi- 
can, 173,  T.  W.  Girton,  Democrat,  169,  D.  A.  Gal- 
lagher, 50;  probate  judge,  John  Bowers,  Democrat. 
222,  Isaac  Chapman,  Republican,  170,  sheriff,  C.  W. 
Case,  Democrat,  228,  L.  P.  Wilmot,  Republican,  167 ; 
auditor  and  recorder.  W.  S.  M.  Williams.  Democrat, 
218,  Frank  A.  Fenn,  Republican,  176;  assessor,  W.  J. 
Rainey,  Democrat,  224,  J.  L.  Crooks,  Republican,  167; 
treasurer,  C.  B.  Wood,  Democrat,  152,  F.  Oliver,  Re- 
publican, 238;  commissioners,  John  McPherson,  T. 
Wall,  C.  Fruth.  Democrats,  216,  210  and  147  votes, 
respectively,  J.  N.  Rice,  J.  B.  Chamberlain,  Marion 
Smith,  Republicans,  151,  241  and  210  votes,  respective- 
ly;  coroner,  John  Denny,  Democrat,  182. 

The  annexation  movement  affected  politics  in  Idaho 
county  fully  as  much  as  in  other  counties  of  northern 
Idaho,  and  the  campaign  of  1880  was  largely  influ- 
enced by  that  movement.  The  people  of  this  county 
seem  to  have  been  quite  unanimous  in  their  belief  that 

,.:„ ...:„_  -~1JCV  for  ^1 ^1 ------ 


and  at  the  polls  287  votes  were  cast  favoring  annexa- 
tion to  Washington.  Only  five  cast  negative  votes. 
Brayman,  the  annexation  candidate  for  congressman, 
received  297  votes,  George  Ainslee,  the  Democratic 
candidate  from  southern  Idaho,  received  162  votes, 
while  Alanson  Smith,  the  regular  Republican  candi- 
date, also  opposed  to  annexation,  was  given  only  29 
votes.  For  district  attorney,  A.  Quackenbush,  Repub- 
lican, received  270  votes,  I.  M.  Maxwell,  Democrat, 
215;  for  councilman,  L.  P.  Wilmot,  the  Republican 
candidate,  received  258  votes,  J.  H.  Forney,  Democrat, 
226;  for  representatives,  T.  W.  Girton,  E.  B.  True, 
Democrats,  received  255  and  250  votes,  respectively, 
George  Dempster,  F.  A.  Fenn,  Republicans,  were  given 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


226  and  233  votes,  respectively;  for  probate  judge, 
John  Bower.,  Democrat,  received  249  votes,  W.  C. 
Pearson.  Republican,  237;  for  auditor  and  recorder, 
W  S.  M.  Williams,  Democrat,  received  236  votes, 
J.  B.  Chamberlain,  Republican,  249 ;  for  sheriff,  T.  J. 
Rhoads,  Democrat,  received  259  votes,  Charles  Bentz, 
Republican,  231  ;  for  treasurer,  William  Baird,  Dem- 
ocrat, received  265  votes,  George  D.  Smith,  Repub- 
lican, 224;  for  assessor,  W.  J.  Rainey,  Democrat,  re- 
ceived 289  votes,  T.  R-  Adkison,  Republican,  193 ;  for 
commissioners,  T."  Wall,  H.  C.  Johnson  and  W.  M. 
McLeane,  Democrats,  received  244,  314  and  234  votes, 
respectively,  D.  H.  Telcher,  James  Odle  and  C.  M. 
Redman,  Republicans,  250,  156  and  255  votes,  re- 
spectively; for  surveyor.  F.  Cobb,  Democrat,  received 
252  vote's,  J.  H.  Robinson,  Republican,  228:  for  cor- 
oner, Caleb  Witt,  Democrat,  received  236  votes,  John 
Denny.  Republican,  241. 

Again,  for  the  year  1882,  the  official  vote  as  can- 
vassed, is  missing  and  we  can  present  only  the  names 
of  the  successful  candidates.  For  the  first  time  since 


ly  Republican  in  1882,  only  four  Democrats  being  suc- 
cessful. These  were  C.  W.  Case,  who  was  elected  pro- 
bate judge  over  George  Woodward  ;  T.  J.  Rhoads,  who 
defeated  Harry  Wilson  for  the  shrievalty ;  J.  H.  For- 
ney, who  was  elected  district  attorney ;  and  Delos  Carr, 
who  was  elected  one  of  the  county  commissioners. 
James  Odle  was  elected  councilman ;  William  C.  Pear- 
son and  Robert  Larimer,  representatives;  J.  M.  Crooks 
and  N.  B.  Willey,  county  commissioners ;  J.  B.  Cham- 
berlain, auditor  and  recorder;  J.  M.  Dorman,  treas- 
urer; D.  H.  Telcher,  assessor;  and  John  Denny,  cor- 

The  records  of  the  election  held  in  1884  are  also 
incomplete,  so  that  only  the  names  of  the  officers 
elected  can  be  given,  these  were:  Sheriff,  A.  W. 
Talkington,  Democrat;  treasurer,  J.  M.  Dorman,  Re- 
publican; probate  judge,  C.  W.  Case,  Democrat;  as- 
sessor, D.  H.  Telcher,  Republican;  district  attorney, 
J.  H.  Forney,  Democrat;  commissioners.  Cassius  M. 
Day,  John  Mathison,  C.  B.  Wood,  Democrats ;  auditor 
and  recorder,  T.  J.  Rhoads,  Democrat ;  surveyor.  F.  P. 
Turner,  Democrat :  coroner,  John  Denny,  Democrat. 

In  1886  the  Democrats  secured  ten  out  of  the  four- 
teen officers  elected.  The  campaign  was  fought  on 
general  party  principles.  The  official  vote  is  given  as 
follows :  For  delegate,  John  Hailey,  Democrat,  406, 
Fred  T.  Dubois,  Republican  and  anti-annexationist, 
277;  councilman.  S.  S.  Fenn,  Democrat.  325,  Robert 
Larimer,  Republican,  354;  representative.  Henry  C. 
Johnson.  Democrat,  336,  Frank  A.  Fenn.  Republican, 
346;  sheriff,  A.  W.  Talkington,  Democrat.  411.  J.  T. 
Aram,  Republican,  274:  probate  judge,  C.  W.  Case, 
Democrat,  362,  W.  C.  Pearson,  Republican.  325  :  dis- 
trict attorney,  J.  H.  Forney,  Democrat,  385,  J.  E. 
Beede,  Republican,  264;  auditor  and  recorder,  T.  J. 
Rhoads,  Democrat,  491,  F.  B.  King,  Republican,  188; 
treasurer,  John  Bower,  Democrat,  425  ;  assessor,  M.  V. 
Jarrett.  Democrat,  321,  J.  N.  Rice,  Republican.  362; 
coroner,  O.  W.  Billiard,  Democrat,  281,  S.  E.  Bibby. 
Republican,  392:  surveyor.  F.  P.  Turner.  Democrat, 


401,  J.  H.  Robinson,  Republican,  277;  commissioners, 
ist  district,  James  Witt,  Democrat,  112,  C.  M.  Day, 
Republican,  79,  2d  district.  H.  S.  Jones,  Democrat,  172, 
William  Von  Berge,  Republican,  161,  3d  district.  Phil- 
ip Cleary,  Democrat,  67,  J.  B.  Chamberlain,  Repub- 
lican, 65'. 

The  annexation  question  came  strongly  to  the  front 
1888  for  the  last  time,  for  before  another  election 
could  take  place  Idaho  had  donned  the  garb  of  state- 
hood and  taken  her  place  by  the  side  of  her  sister 
states  of  the  Union.  The  movement  for  annexation  did 
not  have  as  many  friends  in  Idaho  county  as  formerly, 
however,  for  Norman  Buck,  the  annexationist  candi- 
date for  congress,  received  a  comparatively  light  vote. 
Several  causes  conspired  to  weaken  the  annexation 
spirit  in  this  county,  chief  among  which  was  the  pro- 
posed division  of  the  county  should  the  northern  por- 
tion of  the  state  be  segregated  from  the  southern. 
Then,  too,  the  people  were  weary  of  fighting  for  what 
seemed  to  be  a  lost  cause  and  were  apathetic  in  the 
matter.  The  apparent  strength  of  the  movement  in 
Idaho  county  at  this  time  will  be  seen  from  the  vote 
for  Buck  which  is  given  in  the  official  count  below : 

For  delegate,  J.  H.  Hawley,  Democrat,  365,  F.  T. 
Dubois,  Republican,  252,  Norman  Buck,  Annexation- 
ist. 57:  councilman,  T.  F.  Nelson,  Democrat,  376, 
N.  B.  Willey,  Republican,  307;  representative.  S.  W. 
Smith,  Democrat,  315,  C.  M.  Day,  Republican,  363; 
sheriff,  Keith  W.  White,  Democrat,  349,  D.  H.  Tel- 
cher, Republican,  334;  probate  judge,  C.  W.  Case, 
Democrat,  363,  W.  C.  Pearson,  Republican,  317:  dis- 
trict attorney,  T.  H.  Forney,  Democrat,  400,  W.  A. 
Hali,  Republican,  282;  auditor  and  recorder,  T.  T- 
Rhoads,  Democrat.  481,  Robert  Larimer,  Republican, 
208 :  treasurer,  J.  Bower,  Democrat,  401  ;  assessor,  J.  F. 
McLean,  Democrat,  295,  J.  N.  Rice,  Republican,  387; 
commissioners,  ist  district,  Thelbert  Wall,  Democrat, 
117,  J.  S.  Kinkaid,  Republican,  73,  2d  district,  J.  B. 
Forsman.  .Democrat,  190.  Charles  Bentz,  Republican. 
165,  3d  district,  S.  A.  Willey,  Democrat,  53,  E.  W. 
Robie.  Republican,  78 ;  coroner,  T.  W.  Nickel.  Demo- 
crat, 332,  S.  E.  Bibby,  Republican,  345  ;  surveyor.  F.  P. 
Turner.  Democrat,  '283,  E.  C.  Spedden,  Republican, 
395 ;  superintendent  of  schools,  H.  Robbins.  Denn  icrat. 
387.  At  this  election  only  seven  votes  were  cast  in 
Florence  precinct,  at  one  time  the  most  populous  dis- 
trict in  Idaho. 

The  first  state  election  passed  off  very  quietly  in 
Idaho  county.  The  issues  were  national  in  character 
and  too  generally  known  to  require  discussion  here. 
The  vote  cast  in  Idaho  county  follows  : 

Congressman,  Alexander  E.  Mayhew,  Democrat. 
369,  Willis  Sweet,  Republican,  377;  governor,  lienja- 
nun  Wilson,  Democrat,  365,  George  L.  Shoup.  Repub- 
lican, 384 :  lieutenant  governor,  Samuel  Taylor.  1  )emo- 
crat,  345,  N.  B.  Willey,  Republican,  404;  secretary  of 
state,  E.  A.  Sherwin,  Democrat,  373,  A.  J.  Pinkham. 
Republican.  377;  treasurer,  Timothy  Regan,  Demo- 
crat, 372,  Frank  R.  Coffin,  Republican,  378 ;  state  audi- 
tor, j.  A.  Wickersham.  Democrat,  388,  Silas  W. 
Moody,  Republican,  ^48;  attorney  general,  R.  Z.  [ohn- 
son.  Democrat,  37 }.  George  H.  Roberts,  Republican. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


376 ;  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  M.  A.  Kelly, 
Democrat,  372,  J.  E.  Harroun,  Republican,  378;  jus- 
tices of  the  "supreme  court,  Hugh  W.  Weir,  F.  E.  En- 
sign. I.  N.  Maxwell,  Democrats,  372,  373  and  381 
votes,  respectively,  J.  W.  Huston,  I.  N.  Sullivan,  J.  T. 
Morgan,  Republicans,  379,  372  and  373  votes,  re- 
spectively; judge  second  district  court,  James  W.  Poe, 
Democrat,  385,  W.  G.  Piper,  Republican,  361 ;  dis- 
trict attorney,  J.  H.  Forney,  Democrat,  462,  E.  O'Neil, 
Republican,  280;  joint  senator,  C.  W.  Case,  Democrat, 
346.  I.  S.  Weiler,  Republican,  396;  joint  representa- 
tive, Ezra  Baird,  Democrat,  365,  J.  L.  Goodnight,  Re- 
publican, 377 ;  representative,  S.  W.  Smith,  Democrat, 
353,  F.  A.  Fenn,  Republican,  391 ;  sheriff,  C.  B.  Wood, 
Democrat,  384,  J.  M.  Auchinvole,  345;  clerk,  T.  J. 
Rhoads,  Democrat,  432,  J.  B.  Chamberlain,  Repub- 
lican, 305;  assessor,  J.  D.  Hendren,  Democrat,  385, 
Evan  Evans,  Republican,  352,  treasurer,  John  Bower, 
Democrat,  412,  J.  C.  Gelbach,  Republican,  324;  pro- 
bate judge,  Hiram  Robbins,  Democrat,  358,  William 
A.  Hall,  Republican,  381;  coroner,  J.  W.  Turner, 
Democrat,  358,  S.  E.  Bibby,  Republican,  384;  surveyor, 
J.  C.  Stephens,  Democrat,  350,  George  Woodward, 
Republican,  374:  commissioners,  1st  district,  A.  Car- 
penter, Democrat,  100,  J.  M.  Donnan,  Republican,  no, 
2d  district,  J.  B.  Forsman,  Democrat,  179,  G.  H.  Heb- 
erling.  Republican,  170,  3d  district,  J.  S.  Fockler,  Dem- 
ocrat. 62,  W.  J.  Kelly,  Republican,  101. 

1  he  campaign  of  1892  was  enlivened  by  a  county 
seat  contest.  The  little  town  of  Grangeville  had  grown 
into  a  small  city  and  its  inhabitants  believed  that  their 
town  was  the  proper  place  for  the  county  seat.  The 
friends  of  the  town  therefore  petitioned  the  district 
judge  to  order  a  county  seat  election,  that  the  voters 
might  express  themselves  in  the  matter  of  removing 
the  county  seat  from  Mount  Idaho.  This  order  the 
judge  granted.  Had  it  not  been  for  the  fact  that  Den- 
ver and  Cottonwood  were  as  ambitious  for  county  seat 
honors  as  was  Grangeville,  and  were  as  ye.t  afraid  to 
measure  their  strength  with  the  metropolis  of  the 
prairie  in  case  the  voters  should  express  themselves 
as  favorable  to  removal,  it  it  quite  probable  that  those 
favorable  to  removing  the  county  seat  from  Mount 
Idaho  would  have  won  their  point.  As  it  was,  how- 
ever, 470  votes  were  cast  in  the  affirmative  and  375 
in  the  negative,  and  a  two-thirds  affirmative  vote  be- 
ing necessary  to  remove  the  county  seat,  the  project 
failed.  It  may  be  interesting  to  note  the  vote  recorded 
in  the  different  precincts  on  this  question,  so  we  here- 
with present  the  official  vote : 

Grangeville,  yes  163,  no  11;  White  Bird,  yes  13, 
no  18;  Slate  Creek,  yes  24,  no  i  ;  Clearwater,  yes  16, 
no  36;  Lake,  yes  26,  no  11  ;  Fairview,  yes  35,  no  15  ; 
Mount  Idaho,  yes  15,  no  46;  Rapid  River,  yes  15,  no 
o;  John  Day,  yes  8,  no  i ;  Cottonwood,  yes  16,  no  81  ; 
Westlake,  yes  14,  no  3;  Warren,  yes  50,  no  10;  Elk 
City,  yes  27,  no  18;  Denver,  yes  21,  no  57;  Keuterville, 
yes  5!  no  42;  Forks,  yes  13,  no  14;  Florence,  yes  9, 
no  o ;  total,  yes  470,  no  375. 

The  Populists  entered  the  political  field  in  Idaho 
county  in  1892  and  made  a  few  nominations  for  some 
of  the  more  important  county  offices.  Both  the  Re- 


publican and  Democratic  conventions  passed  strong 
resolutions  pledging  their  support  toward  the  early 
construction  of  wagon  roads  to  Elk  City  and  other  in- 
terior mining  camps.  Of  course  the  political  parties 
all  suffered  from  small  factional  fights  engendered  by 
the  county  seat  contest.  The  official  vote  was  as 
follows : 

For  president,  Cleveland,  434,  Harrison,  391,  show- 
ing that  the  county  was  not  far  from  being  equally 
divided  politically:  congressman,  E.  B.  True,  Demo- 
crat, 430,  Willis  Sweet,  Republican,  420,  James  Gunn, 
Populist,  27:  governor,  J.  M.  Burke,  Democrat,  444, 
W.  J.  McConnell,  Republican,  414,  A.  J.  Crook,  Pop- 
ulist, 34:  lieutenant  governor,  G.  V.  Bryan,  Democrat, 
438,  F.  B.  Willis,  Republican,  415;  justice  of  the  su- 
preme court,  F.  E.  Ensign,  Democrat,  426,  I.  N.  Sulli- 
van. Republican,  414 :  secretary  of  state,  J.  H.  Wick- 
ersham,    Democrat,    444,    J.    F.    Curtis,    Republican, 
411;    attorney    general,    W.    T.    Reeves,    Democrat, 
442,    G.    M.    Parsons,    Republican',    412;    treasurer, 
Philip   A.   Regan,   Democrat,  439,  W.   C.   Hill,   Re- 
publican,  413;   auditor,    W.   J.    McClure,   Democrat, 
433,    F.    C.    Ramsey,    Republican,    411;    superintend- 
ent   of    public    instruction,    W.    J.    Paris,    Democrat,    1 
44.0,    B.    B.    Lower,    Republican,    410;    joint    senator    | 
of    Idaho   and    Nez    Perces    counties,    B.    F.    Morris,     ' 
Democrat,  492,  J.  F.  Ailshie,  Republican,  366,  J.  H. 
Robinson,   Populist,   24;  joint  senator  of   Idaho  and     * 
Custer  counties,  A.  F.  Parker,  Democrat,  74,  J.  G.    1 
Rowton,  Republican,  99 ;  joint  representative  of  Idaho     I 
and  Nez  Perces  counties,  D.  C.  Stephens,  Democrat,    1 
426,  W.  L.  Thompson,  Republican,  405;  representa- 
tive, T.  W.  Girton,  Democrat,  448,  R.  C.  Divine,  Re-     f 
publican.  403 :  sheriff,  C.  S.  Gregory,  Republican.  429,      ' 
A.   W.   Talkington,   Democrat,  409,   William   Coram,     I 
Populist.  52;  assessor,  J.  H.  Wann,  Democrat,  440,     I 
C.  F.   Brown,  Republican,  428;  probate  judge.  J.  C.     I 
Garber,  Republican,  485,  Levi  Magee,  Democrat,  382; 
treasurer,  John  Bower,  Democrat,  481,  John  Gilmore, 
Republican.   372;  commissioners,  Jacob  Reibold.   Re-     J 
publican,   429,    C.    W.    Case,   Democrat,   420,    Henry 
Meyer,  Republican,  430,  Delos  Carr,  Democrat,  419,     1 
J.  S.  Fockler,  Democrat,  479,  J.  B.  Chamberlain,  Re-     < 
publican,  375  :  coroner,  J.  W.  Turner,  Democrat,  504,  .   '. 
F.  B.  King.  Republican,  349;  surveyor,  G.  M.  Rob-     '' 
ertson,   Democrat,  477,   George   Woodward,   Republi- 
can, 380.     For  the  first  time  since  the  organization  of 
the  county  a  Republican  was  elected  sheriff. 

By  1894  the  Populists  had  gained  considerable 
strength  in  this  county  and  polled  a  much  larger  vote 
than  in  1892.  All  three  of  the  parties  adopted  free 
silver  platforms.  Much  personality  and  local  strife 
marked  the  election  in  Idaho  county.  As  will  be  seen 
from  the  following  vote  neither  of  the  leading  parties 
could  claim  a  complete  victory,  the  county  offices  be- 
ing quite  evenly  divided : 

Congressman,  J.  M.  Ballentine.  Democrat,  439,  Ed- 
gar Wilson,  Republican,  501,  James  Gunn.  Populist, 
170:  justice  supreme  court,  J.  C.  Elder,  Democrat,  442, 
J.  W.  Huston.  Republican,  506,  Texas  Angel,  Popu- 
list, 146:  governor.  E.  A.  Stevenson,  Democrat,  497, 
W.  J.  McConnell,  Republican,  479,  J.  W.  Ballentine, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Populist.  141:  lieutenant  governor,  J.  B.  Thatcher, 
Democrat,  463,  F.  J.  Mills,  Republican,  497,  J.  J. 
Chambers.  Populist,  139;  secretary  of  state,  J.  R.  Hall, 
Democrat,  449,  J.  W.  Garrett,  Republican,  505,  F.  M. 
Tibbelf,  Populist,  146;  attorney  general,  W.  T.  Reeves, 
Democrat,  445,  George  M.  Parsons,  Republican,  497, 
R.  L.  Spence,  Populist,  150;  auditor,  James  Stoddart, 
Democrat,  444.  F.  C.  Ramsey,  Republican,  503,  Frank 
Walton,  Populist,  145 ;  treasurer,  J.  H.  Bush,  Demo- 
crat, 455,  Charles  Bunting,  Republican,  499,  C.  W. 
Cooper,  Populist,  145 ;  superintendent  public  instruc- 
i  tion,  J.  W.  Faris,  Democrat,  448,  C.  A.  Foresman, 
Republican,  503,  M.  J.  Steele,  Populist,  145;  circuit 
judge,  second  district,  S.  S.  Denning,  Democrat-  Pop- 
ulist, 473,  W.  G.  Piper,  Republican,  563;  district  at- 
torney, Clay  McNamee,  Democrat-Populist,  548,  James 
E.  Babb,  Republican,  540;  joint  senator  with  Xez 
Perces  county,  A.  F.  Parker,  Democrat,  538,  C.  M. 
Dav,  Republican,  470,  G.  W.  Hinkle,  Populist,  120; 
joint  representative  with  Nez  Perces  county,  K.  W. 
White,  Democrat.  515,  W.  L.  Thompson,  Republican, 
481,  S.  D.  Strong,  Populist.  123;  representative,  Philip 
Cleary ,  Democrat,  439,  J.  G.  Rowton,  Republican.  531, 
J.  A.  Goodwin,  Populist,  138 ;  clerk,  A.  W.  Talkington, 
Democrat,  547,  C.  S.  Gregory,  Republican,  428,  Henry 
Kolb,  Populist,  147;  sheriff,'  Cyrus  Overman,  Demo- 
crat. 554,  R.  M.  Henley,  Republican,  365,  E.  L.  Parker, 
Populist,  213;  assessor  |.  D.  Hendren,  Democrat,  427, 
M.  S.  Martin,  Republican,  583,  C.  W.  Stewart,  Popu- 
list, ii}:  treasurer,  W.  H.  Sebastian,  Democrat,  465, 
D.  A.  Wilson,  Republican.  487.  W.  E.  Graham,  Pop- 
ulist, 142;  probate  judge,  John  Bower,  Democrat,  485, 
I.  K.  Vincent,  Republican.  398,  Jacob  Vercler,  Popu- 
list, 233;  commissioners.  Thomas  Surridge,  Demo- 
crat, 400,  W.  S.  Clark,  Republican,  522,  Hardin  Chen- 
oweth.  Populist,  154,  T-  B.  Forsman,  Democrat,  408, 
W.  W.  Blackburn,  Republican,  517,  Alfred  White, 
Populist,  132.  J.  A.  Czizek,  Democrat,  392,  H.  W. 
Cone.  Republican,  571  ;  coroner,  J.  W.  Turner,  Demo- 
crat, 480,  F.  H.  Pearson,  Republican,  421,  W.  F.  Shaw- 
ley,  Populist,  187;  surveyor,  J.  W.  Evans,  Democrat, 
470,  J.  W.  Shannon,  Republican,  505,  J.  W.  Hender- 
son. Populist,  124. 

The  campaign  of  1896  was  as  strenuous  in  Idaho 
county  as  elsewhere  throughout  the  Union.  The  Re- 
publicans, Silver  Republicans,  Democrats  and  Popu- 
lists held  their  conventions  at  Grangeville  on  the  same 
day,  Saturday,  September  igth.  As  was  expected  the 
Republicans  had  divided  on  the  all-absorbing  question 
of  the  free  coinage  of  silver,  the  regular  Republicans 
adopting  a  gold  platform.  The  three  remaining  par- 
ties attempted  to  effect  a  junction.  After  much  con- 
ference the  Silver  Republicans  agreed  to  fuse  with  the 
Democrats,  the  former  being  allowed  the  nomination 
of  the  two  representatives,  but  the  Populists  and  Dem- 
ocrats were  unable  to  agree  upon  a  division  of  the 
nominations  and  nominated  a  separate  ticket.  The 
fusion  party  was  called  the  Democrat-Silver  party. 
At  the  state  conventions  the  Democrats.  Populists  and 
Silver  Republicans,  under  the  name  of  the  People's 
Democratic  party,  fused  in  nominating  several  officers. 
Idaho  county  Democrats  presented  a  strong  candidate 


of  Aaron  F.  Parker,  editor  of  the  Idaho  County  Free 
Press.  He  was  not  the  choice  of  the  convention,  how- 
ever. On  election  day  the  silver  party  carried  the 
county  by  a  tremendous  majority,  Bryan  receiving 
three  times  as  many  votes  as  were  given  McKinley. 
The  Prohibition  candidate  for  congressman,  James  T. 
Smith,  received  10  votes  and  their  candidate  for  gov- 
ernor, Moses  F.  Fowler,  8  votes. 

The  official  vote  was  as  follows:  For  president, 
Bryan,  1120,  McKinley,  373;  congressman,  James 
Gunn,  Fusionist.  655,  William  E.  Borah,  Silver  Re- 
publican, 421,  John  T.  Morrison,  Republican,  374; 
governor,  Frank  Steuenberg,  Fusionist,  1057,  David 
H.  Budlong,  Republican,  385 ;  lieutenant  governor, 
George  F.  Moore,  Fusionist,  614,  Edward  B.  True,  Sil- 
ver Republican,  427,  Vincent  Bierbower,  Republican, 
380;  secretary  of  state,  George  J.  Lewis,  Fusionist,  620, 
Charles  Durrancl,  Silver  Republican,  407,  Isaac  W. 
Garrett,  Republican,  391 ;  auditor,  James  A.  Anderson, 
Fusionist,  623,  Bartlett  Sinclair,  Silver  Republican, 
416,  Elmore  A.  McKenna,  Republican,  386;  treasurer, 
George  H. .  Storer,  Fusionist,  618,  Timothy  Regan, 
Silver  Republican,  414,  Frank  C.  Ramsey,  Republican, 
387 ;  attorney  general,  Robert  E.  McFarland,  Fusion- 
ist, 611,  George  M.  Parsons,  Silver  Republican,  418, 
John  A.  Bagley,  Republican,  377;  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  Louis  N.  B.  Anderson,  Fusionist, 
607,  Mathias  F.  Cowley,  Silver  Republican,  388, 
Charles  A.  Foresman,  Republican,  367;  inspector  of 
mines,  Benjamin  F.  Hastings,  Fusionist,  1010,  Theo- 
dore Brown,  Republican,  389;  justice  supreme  court, 
Ralph  P.  Quarles,  Fusionist,  580,  Edgar  Wilson,  Sil- 
ver Republican,  429,  Drew  W.  Standrod,  Republican, 
372;  state  senator,  John  W.  Turner,  Fusionist,  700, 
James  Edwards,  Republican,  370,  Oscar  C.  Sheldon, 
Populist,  271  ;  representatives,  Robert  F.  Fulton, 
Charles  E.  Holt,  Fusionists,  678  and  694  votes,  re- 
spectively, J.  G.  Rowton,  Charles  Morehouse,  Repub- 
licans, 401  and  365  votes,  respectively,  John  Cheno- 
weth,  Alforcl  White,  Populists,  345  and  291  votes,  re- 
spectively; sheriff,  W.  S.  M.  Williams,  Fusionist,  683, 
Charles  F.  Brown,  Republican,  430,  Jerry  R.  Baker, 
Populist,  378;  assessor,  Thomas  J.  Yandell,  Fusion- 
ist, 594,  John  R.  McLean,  Populist,  673.  John  B. 
Crooks,  Republican.  242;  treasurer,  George  M.  Rob- 
ertson, Fusionist,  620,  David  A.  Wilson,  Republican, 
444,  Deles  Carr,  Populist,  327;  probate  judge,  Wal- 
lace N.  Scales,  Fusionist,  692,  Jacob  C.  Garber,  Re- 
publican, 504,  Jacob  Vercler,  Populist,  267;  surveyor, 
John  A.  Seeley.  Fusionist,  515,  James  W.  Shannon, 
Republican,  538,  Frank  Turner,  Populist.  342 ;  coroner, 
Thomas  W.' Nickel,  Fusionist,  731,  Edward  W.  Ste- 
vens. Republican,  449 ;  commissioners,  Daniel  J.  Bing- 
ham.  Fusionist,  633,  Jerry  Dorman,  Republican,  400, 
Andrew  J.  Williams,  Populist,  344,  Anton  Hendricks, 
Fusionist,  507,  Henry  Meyer,  Republican,  393,  Chris- 
topher B. '  Knorr,  Populi'si,  461  :  John  E.  Briscoe, 
Fusionist.  814,  John  X.  Rice.  Republican,  464.  The 
amendment  to  the  state  constitution,  granting  the  wo- 
men full  political  suffrage,  received  427  affirmative 
and  320  negative  votes  in  the  county. 


4i6 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


The  year  1898  brought  forth  the  bitterest  campaign 
that  Idaho  county  had  witnessed  in  years.  Dissensions 
had  arisen  in  all  three  parties  and,  strangely  enough, 
out  of  it  all  came  fusion  between  the  Republicans  and 
the  Populists.  The  platform  adopted  by  this  unusual 
alliance  did  not  mention  silver,  pledged  the  party  to  a 
just  and  honest  administration  of  the  county's  affairs, 
pledged  the  party  to  reduce  the  fees  and  salaries  of  the 
county  officers,  to  improve  the  county's  roads  to  the 
end  that  the  interior  mining  region  might  be  more 
fully  developed,  and  denounced  the  present  law  in  re- 
gard to  distributing  liquor  license  monies.  A  rupture 
between  the  Democrats  and  the  Silver  Republicans 
was  narrowly  averted,  the  Democrats  agreeing  to  fuse 
with  the  latter  by  the  close  vote  of  32  to  22.  As  in 
180.6,  fusion  was  the  watchword  of  the  state  conven- 
tions, Democrats,  Silver  Republicans  and  Populists 
combining  on  several  offices,  while  a  portion  of  the 
Populist  party  maintained  the  Populist  party  organiza- 
tion and  nominated  a  separate  ticket. 

The  vote  cast  in  this  county  was  as  follows : 
For  congressman,  Edgar  Wilson,  Fusionist  (Dem- 
ocrat-Silver Republican),  969,  Weldon  B.  Heyburn, 
Republican,  581,  James  Gunn,  Populist,  257,  William 
J.  Boone,  Prohibitionist,  55  ;  governor,  Frank  Steunen- 
berg,  Fusionist,  1025,  Albert  B.  Moss,  Republican, 
615,  James  H.  Anderson,  Populist,  175,  Mrs.  Mary  C. 
Johnson,  Prohibitionist,  85  ;  lieutenant  governor,  James 
H.  Hutchinson,  Fusionist,  998,  James  F.  Hunt,  Re- 

giblican,  547,  Tannas  E.  Miller,  Populist,  165,  James 
allentine,  Prohibitionist,  57;  secretary  of  state.  Mart 
Patrie,  Fusionist,  984.  Robert  S.  Bragaw,  Republican, 
594,  Joseph  S.  Bonham,  Populist,  148,  John  W.  Knott, 
Prohibitionist,  63;  auditor,  Bartlett  Sinclair,  Fusion- 
ist, 984,  James  H.  VanCamp.  Republican.  584,  Arthur 
G.  Whittier,  Populist,  160,  Mrs.  Naomi  McD.  Phelps, 
Prohibitionist,  77;  treasurer,  Lucius  C.  Rice,  Fusion- 
ist, 1151.  George  W.  Fletcher,  Republican,  586,  John 
J.  Anthony,  Prohibitionist.  59;  attorney  general,  Sam- 
uel H.  Hays,  Fusionist,  1004,  Thomas' L.  Glenn,  Pop- 
•  uhst,  1 66,  Frank  T.  Wyman,  Republican,  596,  Will- 
iam A.  Hall,  Prohibitionist,  65  ;  superintendent  of  pub- 
lic instruction,  Permeal  French,  Fusionist,  1136,  Lucy 
F.  Dean,  Republican.  628,  Joshua  N.  Reynolds,  Pro- 
hibitionist, 62;  inspector  of  mines,  Jay  A.  Czizek,  Fu- 
sionist, 922,  John  W.  Stoddard,  Republican,  595,  Da- 
vid Farmer,  Populist,  276;  justice  supreme  court, 
Isaac  N.  Sullivan,  Fusionist,  1063.  Drew  W.  Standrod, 
Republican,  631  ;  drucuit  judge,' Frank  L.  Moore,  Fu- 
sionist, 7-73,  Willis  Sweet,  Populist,  399,  Edgar  C. 
Steel,  RenubHcan,  581  ;  state  senator.  Frank  E.  Fogg, 
Fusionist,  968,  James  Woodward,  Republican-Popu- 
list. 807.  Mrs.  Luella  Smith,  Prohibitionist,  113;  rep- 
resentatives, Joseph  C.  Stephens,  Frank  E.  Johness, 
Democrat-Silver  Republicans.  1.076  and  1,007  votes, 
respectively,  Mrs.  Mary  Bennett,  Joseph  M.  Wolbert, 
Republican-Populists,  819  and  614  votes,  respectively, 
lohn  S.  Smith.  Prohibitionist,  96;  county  clerk,  Al- 
bert W.  Talkington,  Democrat-Silver  "Republican, 
1.027.  Mortimer  S.  Martin,  Republican-Populist,  993; 
sheriff.  John  P.  Harriman,  Democrat-Silver  Republi- 
can, 922,  John  F.  McLean,  Republican-Populist, 


i,o8o;  assessor,  Harry  W.  Cone,  Democrat-Silver  Re- 
publican, 815,  Fred  White,  Republican-Populist,  1,121; 
treasurer,  George  M.  Robertson,  Democrat-Silver  Re- 
publican, 1,107,  David  A.  Wilson,  Republican- Populist, 
796;  probate  judge,  Lewis  C.  Arnold,  Democrat-Sil- 
ver Republican,  756,  Joseph  K.  Vincent,  Republican- 
Populist,  802,  Silas  Perkins,  Independent,  243;  super- 
intendent county  schools,  ;Lewis  Elsensohn,  Democrat- 
Silver  Republican,  1,104,  George  A.  Cowgill.  Repub- 
lican-Populist, 675,  James  W.  Phillips,  Independent, 
54;  county  attorney,  Wallace  N.  Scales,  Democrat- 
Silver  Republican,  i",2i2,  James  DeHaven,  Republican- 
Populist,  752 :  surveyor,  Rufus  Hawley,  Democrat-Sil- 
ver Republican,  995,  Stephen  Steininger,  Republican- 
Populist,  785 ;  coroner,  George  Stockton,  Democrat- 
Silver  Republican,  947,  Henry  B.  Blake,  Republican- 
Populist,  835 ;  commissioners,  Joseph  B.  Cook,  George 
Wr.  Petty,  John  E.  Briscoe,  Democrat-Silver  Repub- 
licans, 913,  982  and  1,013  votes,  respectively,  Andrew 
J.  Williams,'  August  von  Bargen,  Joel  B.  Morris,  Re- 
publican-Populists, 838,  823  and  769  votes,  respective- 
ly, Jacob  B.  York,  William  R.  Pitt,  Lorenzo  E.  Smith, 
Prohibitionists,  39,  45  and  42  votes,  respectively. 

With  perfect  weather  and  a  vote  nearly  twice  as 
large  as  that  polled  in  1898,  the  election  of  1900  passed 
off  in  this  county  with  the  best  of  feeling  and  without 
the  slightest  disturbance.  The  issues  were  national  in 
character,  generally  speaking,  and  the  result  showed 
that  Idaho  county  upheld  the  principles  advocated  by 
the  Democratic  party.  In  Grangeville,  the  registratio 
reached  859  and  767  votes  were  cast,  showing  a  mai 
velous  growth  in  this  precinct.  The  Democratic  ma- 
jorities averaged  between  300  and  500.  A  small  Prc 
hibition  vote,  not  exceeding  25,  was  cast. 

Official  vote:  For  president,  William  Jennings 
Bryan,  1,884.  William  McKinley,  1,527;  congressman, 
Thomas  L.  Glenn,  Fusionist  (Silver  parties),  1,783, 
John  T.  Morrison,  Republican,  1,447,  John  F.  Stark, 
Populist,  18;  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  Charles  O. 
Scocksiager,  Fusionist,  1,745,  Edgar  C.  Steele.  Repub- 
lican, 1,480,  William  Perkins.  Populist,  20:  governor, 
Frank  W.  Hunt,  Fusionist,  1,785,  Drew  W.  Standrod, 
Republican,  1,447,  John  S.  Randolph,  Populist,  24; 
lieutenant  governor,  Thomas  F.  Terrill,  Fusionist, 
!.733>  Addison  A.  Crane,  Republican,  1,440,  Johannes 
Hansen,  Populist,  19;  secretary  of  state,  Charles  J. 
Bassett,  Fusionist,  1.734,  Martin  Patrie,  Republican, 
1,432.  Melancthon  F.  Eby,  Populist,  46;  attorney  gen- 
eral, Frank  Martin,  Fusionist,  1,742,  George  E.  Gray, 
Republican,  1,726,  Clay  McNamee,  Populist.  33;  audi- 
tor, Egbert  W.  Jones,  Fusionist,  1.763,  Henry  J.  Syms, 
Republican,  1,429,  William  W.  Thorp,  Populist,  20; 
treasurer,  John  J.  Plummer,  Fusionist,  1,732,  George 
H.  Kester,  Republican,  1,430,  Augustus  M.  Slatter, 
Populist,  44:  inspector  of  mines,  Martin  H.  Jacobs, 
Fusionist,  1,745,  Robert  D.  Bell.  Republican.  1,448,  Ed- 
ward Kimberly,  Populist.  17;  superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  Permeal  French,  Fusionist,  1,808,  Jessie 
Riley,  Republican,  1,402;  state  senator,  Joseph  C.  Ste- 
phens, Democrat,  1,713,  Henry  B.  Blake,  Republican, 
1,471,  James  A..  Goodwin.  Populist,  63:  representa- 
tives, Andrew  W.  Moore,  Louis  Smith,  Democrats, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1,751  and  1,668  votes,  respectively,  James  S.  Parker, 
I  Dio  C.  Call,  Republicans,  1,3/4  and  1,317  votes,  re- 
spectively, Benjamin  D.  Knorr,  William  H.  Clarke, 
Populists,  105  and  73  votes,  respectively;  sheriff, 
Jesse  M.  Dixon,  Democrat,  1,830,  M.  L.  Murray,  Re- 
publican, 1,390,  William  Pauls,  Populist,  105;  assessor, 
John  I.  Overman,  Democrat,  1,905,  O.  C.  Lapp,  Repub- 
lican, 1,402,  John  F.  Stark,  Populist,  50;  treasurer, 
George  M.  Robertson,  Democrat,  1,883,  George  H. 
Michael,  Republican,  1,311,  William  V.  Manring,  Pop- 
ulist, 59;  county  attorney,  Wallace  N.  Scales,  Demo- 
:  crat,  1,917,  Douglas  W.'  Bailey,  Republican-Populist, 
1,370;  probate  judge,  Hampton  Taylor,  Democrat, 
I,86o,  Joseph  K.  Vincent,  Republican,  1,366;  super- 
tendent  of  county  schools.  Lewis  Elsensohn,  Democrat, 
1,855,  Edith  B.  Craig,  Republican,  1,431  ;  surveyor, 
Henry  H.  Pogue,  Democrat,  1,633,  James  Stuart,  Re- 
publican, 1,514,  Edgar  E.  Douglas,  Populist,  54;  cor- 
oner, Thomas  -W.  Nickel,  Democrat,  1,578,  Russell 
Truitt,  Republican,  1,491,  A.  A.  Kincaid,  Populist, 
112;  commissioners,  Henderson  T.  Dizney,  Frank  G. 
Mixoll,  Alfred  H.  Bishop,  Democrats,  1,568,  1,714  and 
1,773  votes,  respectively,  Frank  Brown,  Edward  S. 
Sweet,  Milton  S.  Mason,  Republicans,  1,637,  M89  and 
1,295  votes,  respectively,  Jefferson  Wood,  Benjamin  M. 
Booth,  Populists,  58  and  54  votes,  respectively. 

Idaho  county  now  has  thirty-nine  precincts  and  at 
the  last  election  polled  3,534  votes  for  the  different 
candidates  for  congressman  and  3,580  votes  in  the 
county  seat  contest.  It  has  four  members  of  the  leg- 
islature and  is  honored  by  having  James  F.  Ailshie,  of 
Grangeville,  on  the  supreme  bench.  For  the  fifth  time 
in  the  history  of  the  county  the  people  voted  upon  the 
question  of  removing:  the  county  seat.  For  the  second 
time  the  friends  of  Grangeville  worked  faithfully  for 
the  establishment  of  the  county's  seat  of  government 
at  this  thriving  metropolis  and  this  time  they  were  suc- 
cessful. When  considered  precinct  by  precinct,  the  op- 
position to  the  removal  is  found  to  be  very  slight,  al- 
though combined  together  the  negative  vote  made  a 
total  of  943.  There  were  2,637  votes  cast  in  the  af- 
firmative, however.  Grangeville  cast  880  votes  favor- 
ing the  removal  of  the  county  seat  and  only  7  negative 
votes,  thus- recording  the  fact  that  nearly  one-fourth  of 
the  voting  population  in  the  county  is  to  be  found 
within  the  limits  of  this  city.  The  issues  of  the  cam- 
paign were  for  the  most  part  national  in  character  and 
a  perusal  of  the  vote  cast  shows  that  neither  of  the 
great  parties  can  really  claim  Idaho  county  as  its  own. 


The  official  returns  are  as  follows:  For  repre- 
sentative to  congress,  Joseph  H.  Hutchinson,  Demo- 
crat, 1,717,  Burton  L.  French,  Republican,  1.735;  jus- 
tice of  the  supreme  court,  Frank  E.  Fogg,  Democrat, 
1,655,  James  F.  Ailshie,  Republican,  1,854:  governor, 
Frank  W.  Hunt,  Democrat,  1,868,  John  T.  Morrison, 
Republican,  1,658;  lieutenant  governor,  William  E. 
Adams,  Democrat,  1,747,  James  F.  Stevens,  Republi- 
can, 1,682 :  secretary  of  state,  Charles  J.  Bassett,  Dem- 
ocrat, 1,753,  William  H.  Gibson,  Republican,  1,648; 
state  auditor,  John  C.  Callahan,  Democrat,  1,741,  The- 
odore Turner,  Republican,  1,688;  state  treasurer,  Ed- 
ward P.  Coltman,  Democrat,  1,740,  Henry  N.  Coffin, 
Republican,  1,643;  attorney  general,  Frederick  D.  Cul- 
ver, Democrat,  1.774,  John  A.  Bagley,  Republican, 
1,631;  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  Permeal 
French,  Democrat,  1,833,  May  L.  Scott,  Republican, 
1,603;  inspector  of  mines,  John  H.  Nordquist,  Demo- 
crat, 1,730,  Robert  Bell,  Republican,  1,641  ;  judge  of 
the  second  judicial  district,  Wallace  N.  Scales,  Demo- 
crat, 1,955,  Edgar  C.  Steele,  Republican,  1,647;  state 
senator,  Levi  Magee,  Democrat,  1,735,  Jacob  L.  Eck- 
ert,  Republican,  1,824;  representatives,  Perry  W. 
Mitchell,  Hugh  B.  Fulton,  Avery  C.  Moore,  Demo- 
crats, 1,711,  1,512  and  1,719  votes,  respectively,  Dio 
F.  Call,  Fred  White,  Henry  Meyer,  Republicans,'  1,706, 
1,900  and  1,709  votes,  respectively;  county  clerk,  John 
I.  Overman,  Democrat,  1,963,  Frank  Brown,  Repub- 
lican, 1,7*2;  sheriff,  George  J.  Seay,  Democrat,  1,879, 
William  W.  Blackburn,  Republican,  1,704;  assessor, 
William  H.  Williams,  Democrat,  1,594,  Henry  Tel- 
cher,  Republican,  1,973;  treasurer,  George  M"  Rob- 
ertson, Democrat,  1,908,  Albert  M.  Baker,  Repub- 
lican, 1,593  :  prosecuting  attorney,  Edward  M.  Griffith,. 
Democrat,  1,876,  Asa  S.  Hard'y,  Republican,  1.590; 
probate  judge,  Hampton  Taylor,  Democrat,  1,914,  Jo- 
seph K.  Vincent,  Republican,  1,600;  county  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction,  Lewis  Elsensohn,  Demo- 
crat, 1,994.  Charles  F.  McCarthy,  Republican  i  ^3- 
surveyor,  William  C.  McNutt,  Democrat,  1,877  Tallies 
A.  Carlisle,  Republican,  1,589:  coroner.  John  W. 
Turner,  Democrat,  1,824,  Russell  Truitt.  Republican, 
1,644;  commissioners,  1st  district,  Robert  H.  Farris, 
Democrat.  1,756,  Arthur  Clark,  Republican,  1,674.  2cl 
district,  George  Simon,  Democrat.  1,852,  Thomas  H. 
Thompson,  Republican,  1,594,  3d  district,  Robert  Gnf- 
fith,  Democrat,  1,734,  Charles  E.  Holt,  Republican, 
1,692.  A  small  Prohibition  and  Socialist  vote  was  also 
cast. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


So  hopelessly  at  variance  is  the  testimony  of  differ- 
ent witnesses  regarding  many  of  the  facts  of  Grange- 
ville's  early  history  and  such  is  the  dearth  of  reliable 
printed  records  concerning  the  town  that  it  is  a  prac- 
tical impossibility  to  compile  its  annals  with  more 

adequate  idea  of  the  treacherousness  of  the  memory 
of  man  until  he  attempts  to  fix  absolutely  the  dates  of 
events  two  or  three  decades  past,  depending  upon  the 
concurrent  accounts  of  independent  witnesses  to  estab- 
lish the  truth  beyond  question.  Not  a  little  effort  has 
been  expended  in  trying  to  fix  important  dates  in  the 
history  of  Grangeville.  The  task  has  proven  a  vexa- 
tious one  and  the  results  unsatisfactory,  but  it  is  hoped 
that  the  sketch  herewith  presented  will  do  no  serious 
violence  to  truth. 

All  are  agreed  that  the  town  owes  its  origin  to 
the  organization  in  August,  1874,  of  Charity  Grange 
No.  15,  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  the  effect  of  which  upon 
the  social  and  industrial  life  of  Camas  prairie  has. 
already  been  adverted  to.  Henry  Hart  Spalding,  son 
of  the  noted  Nez  Perces  missionary,  was  the  organizer 
of  the  efficient  association  and  King  school  house,  near 
Mount  Idaho,  its  first  home.  It  is  stated  that  the  resi- 
dents of  Mount  Idaho  gave  the  grange  very  little 
encouragement,  being  without  sympathy  with  the  prin- 
ciples and  faith  in  the  efficacy  of  the  movement,  and 
that  its  membership  was  composed  almost  entirely  of 
prairie  residents. 

Immediately  after  the  organization  of  the  order, 
J.  H.  Robinson,  William  C.  Pearson  and  Nathaniel 
Markham  were  elected  a  committee  to  secure  ground 
in  Mount  Idaho  on  which  to  erect  a  hall  for  the  use 
of  the  association.  These  gentlemen  waited  upon 
Loyal  P.  Brown,  then  the  townsite  owner,  but  to  their 
astonishment  they  received  no  encouragement  what- 
soever from  him.  Mr.  Brown  was  not  himself  a  be- 
liever in  the  grange.  He  told  the  committee  so  with- 
out reserve  and  said  he  did  not  want  their  hall  within 
the  limits  of  the  town.  Mr.  Brown  was  a  man  of  many 
virtues,  a  man  whose  memory  is  revered  in  the  county. 
He  was  generally  alert  to  perceive  opportunities  and 
courageous  tc  grasp  them  as  they  passed,  but  in  this 


instance  he  made  a  serious  mistake,  giving  his  town 
a  rival  which  was  ultimately  to  draw  to  itself  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  surrounding  country,  becoming  strong 
at  the  expense  of  the  pioneer  town,  whose  prestige, 
sightliness  and  convenience  of  location  would  other- 
wise have  made  it  the  metropolis  of  Idaho  county. 

Upon  meeting  with  this  refusal,  the  committee 
went  to  John  M.  Crooks,  whose  large  ranch  of  six 
hundred  acres  was  situated  on  Three  Mile  creek,  and 
requested  that  land  be  given  them  for  the  proposed 
Grange  hall.  Crooks  had  been  approached  many  times 
before  by  men  who  wished  to  establish  business  houses 
upon  the  creek,  and  had  invariably  refused  concessions, 
This  time,  however,  he  changed  front  entirely,  donated 
a  tract  of  ground  for  the  hall  and  gave  the  enterprise 
his  enthusiastic  support.  The  building  was  erected 
during  1876,  at  a  cost  of  about  $2,000,  which  si 
^vas  subscribed  in  cash,  labor  and  materials  by  the 
members  of  the  grange  and  friends  of  the  project  on 
the  outside.  The  old  road  from  Mount  Idaho  to 
Lewiston  had  passed  Crooks's  house  previous  to  his 
time  but  it  was  now  changed  so  as  to  lead  in  a  more 
direct  course  across  the  prairie.  Upon  it  the  hall 
was  located,  and  later  it  became  Main  street,  Grange- 
ville. 

Though  Mr.  Crooks,  as  we  have  said,  had  steadily 
resisted  the  establishment  of  commercial  houses  upon 
his  lands  during  the  early  days,  when  he  was  converted 
to  a  change  of  policy,  he  was  converted  in  good  earnest 
and  never  backslid  as  long  as  he  lived.  He  gave  not 
only  the  hall  site  asked  for  but  five  acres  more  and  a 
water  right  on  Three  Mile  creek  for  mill  purposes. 
The  direct  beneficiaries  of  the  latter  donation  were 

exclusively  of  grangers.  The  mill  was  given  prece- 
dence of  the  hall  in  the  time  of  its  erection.  Work 
on  it  was  begun  in  the  fall  of  1875  and  continued  until 
its  completion  about  a  year  later.  The  construction 
of  the  hall  did  not  commence  until  1876.  John  Rauch 
supervised  the  mill  construction;  Charles  Redman  his 
assistant.  William  B.  Bloomer  and  Frank  Vans' 
were  in  charge  of  work  on  the  hall,  in  the  erection  of 
which,  as  in  that  of  the  mill,  several  others  were  em- 
ployed, including  the  donors  of  labor.  Before  the 
mill  was  completed  the  company  ran  short  of  funds, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


for  money  was  exceedingly  scarce  at  the  time,  and  in 
order  to  make  good  the  deficiency,  J.  M.  Crooks,  W. 
C.  Pearson,  J.  H.  Robinson  and  W.  S.  M.  Williams 
mortgaged  their  land.  All  these  mortgages  were  lifted 
during  or  before  1877,  though  the  public  spirited  men 
who  tided  the  mill  enterprise  over  its  most  trying- 
period  were  not  reimbursed  until  some  time  later.  The 
cost  of  the  mill  is  variously  estimated  at  from  $7,000 
to  $12,000.  Mr.  Pearson  was  the  first  president  of 
the  company,  and,  ex  ofUcio,  the  first  superintendent 
of  the  mill/his  successor  in  both  offices  being  W.  S. 
M.  Williams. 

During  1876  and  the  two  or  three  years  following 
quite  a  number  of  frame  structures  were  erected  upon 
lots  which  had  been  laid  out  by  Mr.  Crooks  at  the  time 
he  made  his  donations  of  land.  Among  these  was  the 
home  of  John  Mitchell,  a  miller ;  a  small  hotel,  16  by  24 
feet,  built  by  Bloomer  &  Vansise  on  the  site  of'  the 
present  Jersey  house,  which  was  sold  a  year  later  to 
William  C.  Pearson ;  a  little  Chinese  store  building 
on  the  hillside  opposite  where  the  Eagle  brewery  was 
afterward  put  up;  the  blacksmith  shop  of  Joseph 
Jewell,  opposite  the  site  of  Atherton's  present  shop  on 
E.  Main  street :  the  residence  of  A.  L.  Gordon,  on  the 
corner  east  of  the  Jersey  house,  of  Charles  Bentz,  a 
son-in-law  of  Mr.  Crooks,  east  of  where  Freidenrich 
&  Alexander's  store  now  is,  and  of  a  laboring  man 
named  Coon,  who  built,  after  the  Indian  war,  on  the 
corner  of  Main  and  what  is  now  State  street,  which 
latter  thoroughfare  was  for  many  years  known  by 
the  name  of  its  first  resident.  Mr.  Coon's  house  was 
the  first  building  on  the  west  side  of  Dry  creek.  The 
first  drug  store  was  a  small  one  on  the  site  of  Pfeufer's 
present  store  on  Main  street,  built  by  Dr.  Pring,  an 
armv  surgeon  and  physician. 

It  is  thought  that  the  second  merchandise  store, 
aside  from  that  of  the  Chinaman,  was  opened  by  Isa- 
dore  Monheimer,  as  a  branch  of  Rudolph's  Mount 
Idaho  establishment.  The  building.  Mr.  Vansise  tells 
us,  stood  on  the  hill  above  the  Chinese  store  just  across 
the  old  mill  ditch  and  is  still  in  existence.  This  store 
was  maintained  only  a  short  time  and  is  entirely  for- 
gotten by  some  of  the  oldest  residents  of-  Grangeville. 
When  it  was  discontinued,  Xash  Crane,  a  brother-in- 
law  of  Coon,  opened  a  saloon  in  the  building. 

In  1878  or  1879,  probably  during  the  latter  year, 
William  Hill  opened  a  general  merchandise  establish- 
ment in  Grangeville.  He  procured  his  -goods  from 
Scott  &  Vollmer,  of  Mount  Idaho,  and  has  been  sup- 
posed by  some  to  have  represented  that  firm,  though 
Mr.  Scott  tells  us  that  such  was  not  the  fact ;  that  Mr. 
Hill  acted  solely  upon  his  own  responsibility  in  open- 
ing the  little  store.  The  next  mercantile  house  of 
Grangeville  was  that  of  Aaron  Freidenrich  and  Joseph 
Alexander,  who  came,  it  is  believed,  in  1880. 

Previous  to  the  annual  meeting  of  the  grange  held 
in  January,  1876,  the  village  was  without  a  name.  The 
question  of  a  suitable  appellation  was  discussed  and 
finally  settled  at  that  convocation,  however.  Many 


name  ^Grangeville"  having  received  a  majority  of 
one  vote  in  the  election  was  adopted,  and  by  it  the 
town  has  been  known  ever  since.  The  postoffke  was 
established  about  the  year  1876,  W.  C.  Pearson  being 
its  first  master. 

At  the  time  of  the  Indian  war,  when  there  were 
not  more  than  thirty-five  people  in  Grangeville  and  its 
immediate  vicinity,  the  hamlet  had  already  begun  to 
entertain  ambitions  of  becoming  «the  metropolis  of 
Camas  prairie,  and  General  Howard  remarks  that  con- 
siderable rivalry  had  already  sprung  up  between  it 
and  Mount  Idaho.  It  was  the  center  of  much  atten- 
tion during  the  continuance  of  hostilities  in  Idaho 
county,  and  it  also  took  on  a  martial  air  for  a  short 
time  in  1878,  during  the  continuance  of  the  Bannock 
and  Piute  Indian  war  in  eastern  Oregon.  Grange 
hall  was  fortified  and  for  a  few  days  occupied,  but 
happily  the  scare  proved  groundless,  as  the  hostiles 
never  came  near,  and  no  disturbances  arose  among 
the  Nez  Perces. 

The  first  school  on  Three  Mile  creek  was  a  log 
structure  built  by  volunteer  labor  in  1868  on  the  farm 
of  John  Aram.  Its  first  teacher  was  a  man  named 
McLaughlin,  a  miner  wintering  in  the  neighborhood, 
and  the  second  the  respected  pioneer,  James  H.  Robin- 
son. Mr.  Robinson  informs  the  writer  that  the  school 
was  better  attended  and  better  equipped  than  one 
would  naturally  suppose,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the 
pioneer  people  of  Camas  prairie  were  more  cultured 
and  educated  than  are  pioneers  generally.  This  was 
the  school  of  the  district  until  after  Grangeville  was 
well  started.  In  1877,  however,  Rev.  J.  D.  Flenner,  a 
Methodist  Episcopal  clergyman,  established  in  the 
town  a  church  and  an  institution  of  learning  known  as 
the  Columbia  River  Conference  academy.  This  school 
held  its  sessions  up  stairs  in -the  Grange  hall,  the  free 
use  of  which  was  tendered  as  a  bonus  by  the  public 
spirited  organization  that  built  it.  For  several  years 
the  academy  was  a  thriving  institution.  Starting  with 
fifty-five  pupils,  it  soon  had  an  enrollment  of  one  hun- 
dred. The  relationship  between  the  public  school  and 
this  academy  was  quite  intimate;  indeed  they  blended 
together  at  first  almost  into  one  institution,  for  the 
same  teacher  was  in  charge  of  both,  drawing  his 
salary  out  of  the  school  fund  each  year  until  that  was 
exhausted,  then  presiding  as  principal  of  the  academy 
and  charging  tuition.  The  academy  occupied  Grange 
hall  for  a  number  of  years,  but  about  1884,  as  nearly 
as  can  be  ascertained,  it  erected  a  building  of  its  own 
where  the  Grangeville  implement  company's  store  now 
stands.  The  connection  between  it  and  the  public 
school  continued  uninterruptedly,  however,  for  a  few 

Naturally  the  growth  of  Grangeville  during  the 
'eighties  was  quite  slow.  Isolation  and  scarcity  of 
money  were  militating  against  it,  as  against  the  coun- 
try generally,  the  latter  due  to  the  decline  of  placer 
mining  before  other  industries  could  be  developed  to 
take  it's  place.  Elliott's  history,  published  in  1884,  speaks 


ad  1 


ulir 


ville  and  Wheeling,  the  last  after  the  then  capital  city  oi 
West    Virginia,    suggsted   by   J.    H.    Robinson.      The 


Mount  Idaho,  consisting  of  ; 
and  dwelling  houses. 


I  and  a  fe\ 


shops 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Until  1885,  Grangeville  had  never  been  surveyed 
but  in  the  fall  of  that  year  F.  P.  Turner,  county  sur- 
veyor, made  a  plat  of  it,  which  bears  date  October 
30th  and  was  filed  for  record  December  3d.  The 

E'  if  shows  nine  regularly  laid  out  blocks  two  hundred 
four  hundred  feet,  bounded  by  North  Second  street, 
uth  street,  Mill  street  and  Coon  (now  State)  street. 

About  1890  the  town  took  up  the  forward  march 
in  good  earnest  and  since  that  time  it  has  maintained 
a  growth  always  steady  and  substantial  and  at  times 
rpid;  this,  too,  despite  the  long  period  of  finncial  de- 
pression experienced  by  the  country  generally,  in  a 
lengthy  descriptive  article  on  Idaho  county,  written 
in  1890,  that  well  known  and  admittedly  able  journal- 
ist, A.  F.  Parker,  gives  us  a  glimpse  of  the  Grange- 
ville of  that  day  which  is  of  so  much  historic  interest 
that  we  feel  constrained  to  reproduce  it  here.  He 
says: 

"Grangeville  is  comparatively  a  new  town,  having 
been  started  in  1874.  It  has  all  the  elements  of  a  quiet, 
progressive  center,  and  is  one  of  the  most  moral, 
orderly  and  law-abiding  towns  in  America.  Every 
sojourner  is  struck  by  the  steady  air  and  self  repose 
of  its  citizens.  It  is  not  a  county  seat,  and  between 
it  and  its  near  neighbor,  Mount  Idaho,  the  most  cor- 
dial feelings  are  entertained.  It  is  the  commercial 
center  of  Idaho  county,  being  situated  in  the  most 
central  part  of  the  most  fertile  and  thickly-settled 
portion  of  Camas  Prairie.  It  is  a  farmer's,  miner's, 
stockman's  and  prospector's  trading  point  and  does  a 
very  large  mountain  trade.  It  is  located  on  Three 
Mile  creek,  three  miles  from  Mount  Idaho.  The  town 
is  building  up  very  rapidly.  Its  business  interests 
comprise  three  large  stores,  carying  the  heaviest  stocks 
of  goods  in  Idaho,  a  fine  hotel,  two  blacksmiths,  brew- 
ery, two  saloons,  a  weekly  newspaper,  the  "Idaho  Free 
Press,"  with  job  printing  office  attachment,  two  con- 
tractors and  undertakers,  one  boot  and  shoe  maker, 
one  furniture  establishment,  agricultural  implement 
dealers,  two  drug  stores,  three  doctors,  two  meat  mar- 
kets, harness  and  saddle  manufactory,  a  saw  and  shin- 
gle mill  in  the  timber  two  miles  from  town,  and  several 
dairies  in  the  immediate  neighborhood. 

"Grangeville  is  an  enterprisng  town,  and  already 
possesses  the  attributes  of  a  place  ten  times  as  pop- 
ulous, viz. :  a  high  school,  a  resident  minister  of  the 
Methodist  church,  a  fine  brass  band,  a  choir  and  or- 
chestra, a  Chautauqua  circle  and  other  indications 
of  culture  and  refinement  that  are  greatly  extending 
their  influence  in  the  community.  Churches  will  be 
erected  this  fall  by  the  Methodist  and  Episcopal  congre- 
gations. A  very  large  union  Sunday  school  is  organized 
here.  The  Patrons  of  Husbandry  have  a  strong  mem- 
bership, own  a  fine. hall,  and  are  a  power  for  good 
in  the  community.  The  Odd  Fellows  also  make 
Grangeville  their  headquarters.  A  strong  military 
company  (Company  C,  Idaho  Guards),  equipped, 
armed  and  uniformed  by  the  state  is  also  organized 
here  and  universally  commended  for  its  effici 

wing 


is  obtained  by  hauling  from  the  timber'  belt  two  miles 
south  of  town.  Water  is  found  at  six  to  twenty  feet. 
A  new  schoolhouse  is  building,  its  population  is  fast 
increasing,  and  the  formation  of  a  new  social  and 
commercial  world  is  progressing  with  great  rapidity. 
It  will  undoubtedly  become  the  railroad  center  of  the 
great  Clearwater  basin.  Present  population,  300." 

In  1890,  F.  D.  Vansise  built  for  the  school  district 
a  school  house  22  by  36  feet,  costing  about  $650.  Many     | 
thought  at  the  time  that  this  building  was  inadequate 
to  the  needs  of  the  town  and  the  wisdom  of  their 

much  larger  and  more  expensive  building  was  found     I 
to  be  necessary.      1890  also  witnessed  the  laying  of      1 
the  corner  stones  of  the  two  churches  mentioned  in      { 
Mr.   Parker's  article,   the   Methodist   and   Episcopal,     1 
both  of  which  were  built  in  due  time.     1892  brought 
two  banks,  the  Bank  of  Grangeville  and  the  Bank  of 
Camas  Prairie,  the  former  being  the  first  institution      1 
of  its  kind  in  the  town  though  the  mercantile  firm  of 
Vollmer  &  Scott  had  for  many  years  discharged  some      I 
of  the  functions  of  a  banking  establishment.    A  second 
flour  mill,  with  a  capacity  which  was  later  increased 
to  one  hundred  barrels,  was  erected  in  1892,  and  a     1 
saw  mill  near  town  was  also  among  the  ne\v  enter- 
prises inaugurated  during  the  year. 

In  1893  the  little  frame  school  house  proved  inade- 
quate and  on  March  6th  the  district  determined  to 
order  a  special  election  to  be  held  April  3d  for  the 
purpose  of  voting  on  a  proposition  to  issue  bonds  in 
the  sum  of  $5,680,  with  the  proceeds  of  which  to 
erect  a  school.  The  election  was  held  pursuant  to 
call  and  resulted  in  the  authorizing  of  the  bond  issue 
by  a  vote  of  72  to  8.  July  i6th  of  the  following  year 
the  contract  for  building  the  new  temple  of  learning 
was  awarded  to  George  W.  Williams.  The  contract 
price  was  $4,995,  but  as  usual  in  such  matters  changes 
were  made  in  the  plans  necessitating  increased  ex- 
penditures, and  bringing  the  total  cost  up  to  about 
$6,000. 

Notwithstanding  the  hard  times  of  1894  the  town 
enjoyed  a  substantial  growth  during  that  year.  A  tele- 
phone system-was  put  in  between  it  and  Lewiston,  and 
a  number  of  new  business  enterprises  were  inaug- 
urated. The  old  Grange  flour  mill  passed  into  the 
lands  of  Scott  &  Vollmer,  who  renovated  it  thoroughly 
mcl  increased  its  daily  capacity  to  forty  barrels. 
^irangeville's.  experience  during  the  hard  times  goes 
to  prove  the  statement  so  frequently  made  that  points 
remote  from  a  railroad  are  less  affected  by  general 

connection  with  the  centers  of  population  and  civiliza- 
tion. It  cannot  be  denied,  however,  that  Grangeville 
felt  the  hard  times  and  that  its  growth  during  those 
trying  years  was  much  slower  than  it  would  have  been 
had  prosperity  prevailed  generally. 

May  13,  1895,  the  town  experienced  its  first  fire  of 
_•  consequence,  two  of  the  oldest  buildings  in  town 
being  destroyed.  The  fire  started  in  an  old  structure 
situated  on  the  corner  east  of  the  Jersey  house,  occu- 
pied at  the  time  by  one  J.  P.  Fitzgerald.  Mr.  Fitz- 
gerald had  arisen  at  an  early  hour  on  the  morning 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  accident  and  started  a  fire  in  his  cook  stove. 
Soon  after  he  discovered  that  the  roofing  around  the 
stove  pipe  was  on  fire.  He  gave  the  alarm,  but  before 
anything  could  be  done  the  building  was  beyond  hope. 
An  effort  was  made  to  save  the  vacant  one  next  to  it, 
however,  by  attaching  a  block  and  tackle  to  it  and 
dragging  it  out  of  danger,  but  the  tackle  obtainable  was 
not  strong  enough  to  stand  the  strain.  Giant  powder 
was  tried  with  no  better  results  and  soon  the  building- 
was  likewise  beyond  hope.  The  Schmadeka  building 
on  the  north,  occupied  by  W.  S.  Hogan  and  family, 
was  saved,  though  only  fifteen  feet  distant,  by  suspend- 
ing wet  blankets  from  the  roof ;  the  Jersey  house  was 
kept  saturated  with  water,  while  the  foliage  of  poplar 
trees  protected  D.  Sheaffer's  drug  store  building  on 
the  east.  Fortunately  the  day  was  one  of  absolute 
calm,  otherwise  the  entire  town  might  have  been  de- 
troyed. 

For  more  than  the  first  two  decades  of  its  existence, 
Grangeville's  inhabitants  were  so  quiet  and  orderly 
that  the  necessity  of  town  government  was  not  felt, 
but  during  1897  a  class  of  vagabonds  entered  the 
place  and  for  their  proper  handling  as  well  as  to 
promote  the  development  of  the  town,  the  improve- 
ment of  its  streets  and  sidewalks,  etc.,  it  was  thought 
best  to  incorporate.  Accordingly  on  October  8th  a 
citizens'  meeting  was  held  in  Grange  hall  to  take  the 
initial  steps  in  that  direction.  A  committee  on  boun- 
daries was  appointed  which  reported  as  follows  : 

"We.  your  committee,  would  report  the  following 

Sherwin's  addition;  thence  north  to  lane  north  of 
Schmadeka's  residence ;  thence  east  to  road  running 
south  to  Grangeville;  thence  south  to  north  line  of 
William  Havernick's  property;  thence  east  a  quarter 
of  a  mile ;  thence  south  to  south  of  Mount  Idaho  road ; 
thence  west  to  near  southeast  corner  of  graveyard; 
thence  south  to  section  line;  thence  west  to  west  of 
E.  Evan's  orchard ;  thence  north  to  south  line  of  Lew- 
iston  addition;  thence  west  to  southwest  corner  of 
Lewiston  addition;  thence  north  to  northwest  corner 
Lewiston  addition;  thence  east  to  place  of  beginning. 

"H.  WAX, 
"P.  E.  SHERWIN, 

"K.  W.  WHITE, 

A  petition  praying  for  the  incorporation  of  the 
town  with  the  above  described  limits  was  sent  to  the 
county  commissioners,  which  body,  on  October  I5th,. 
incorporated  the  town,  appointing  W.  W.  Brown, 
Aaron  Freidenrich,  Henry  Wax,  E.  C.  Sherwin  and 
W.  F.  Schmadeka,  trustees.  These  elected  Henry 
Wax  mayor,  John  T.  Riggins.  marshal,  W.  E.  Bun- 
nell  clerk,  R.  Fulton  village  attorney,  John  Norwood 
treasurer.  At  the  time  of  the  incorporation,  the 
Grangeville  school  district  was  constituted  an  inde- 
pendent one  in  accordance  with  the  general  laws  of  the 
state  providing  for  the  formation  of  such. 

The  final  month  of  1897  witnessed  the  second  seri- 
ous fire  in  Grangeville,  a  lucid  account  of  which  was 
given  in  the  Free  Press  of  December  24th  as  follows : 

"Fire  broke   out   in   the   southwest  corner   of   the 


second  story  of  the  Eagle  brewery  building  west  of 
the  Free  Press  office  at  12:30  A.  M.  on  the  morning 
of  Sunday,  December  igth.  In  a  few  minutes  the  en- 
tire building  was  a  mass  of  flames.  The  Hanson 
photograph  gallery  on  the  west  quickly  caught  and 
thence' the  flames  easily  spread  to  the  adjoining  build- 
ing owned  by  Mrs.  Crea  and  occupied  by  H.  F.  Shiss- 
ler  as  a  restaurant.  Meanwhile  the  fierce  heat  of  the 
two-story  saloon  building  had  started  a  fire  in  the  Free 
Press  building,  and  for  a  while  it  looked  as  if  the  en- 
tire town  of  Grangeville  was  to  be  wiped  out  by  the 
fire  fiend.  Across  the  street  stood  the  high  walls  of 
the  Grange  hall  presenting  a  most  seductive  mark  for 
the  flames.  The  heat  was  intense;  but  at  the  height 
of  the  danger,  there  being  at  this  time  more  people 
aroused,  a  bucket  brigade  was  quickly  formed  and  a 
steady  shower  of  water  was  thrown  upon  the  exposed 
wall."  This,  together  with  the  melting  snow  upon  the 
roof,  proved  sufficient  to  keep  the  flames  from  spread- 
ing east  of  Hall  street ;  and  when  the  Free  Press  build- 
ing fell  in  all  hands  turned  their  attention  to  saving 
the  west  end  of  the  burning  block.  Here  the  fire  was 
roaring  merrily  and  throwing  forked  tongues  of  flame 
from  the  west  wall  of  the  restaurant  across  the  vacant 
twenty-five  feet  of  space  between  it  and  O'Kane's  tailor 
shop.  Fortunately  the  latter  is  only  a  small  box  of  a 
building,  and  speedily  a  corps  of  workers  were  astride 
its  ridge  pole  spreading  blankets  and  deluging  them 
with  water  in  the  very  face  of  the  roaring  furnace,  and 
after  thirty  minutes  of  hot  work  the  restaurant  col- 
lapsed and  the  danger  was  over. 

"But  while  all  this  work  was  going  on  the  south 
side  of  Main  street  was  also  threatened.  More  than 
once  the  front  of  the  Palace  hotel  was  actually  on  fire, 
and  the  fact  that  this  block  is  not  now  in  ashes  is 
owing  solely  to  the  foresight  of  W.  F.  Schmadeka, 
who  had  equipped  his  premises  with  a  fire  pump  and 
250  feet  of  rubber  hose.  A  steady  stream  of  water 
was  kept  playing  on  the  entire  front  of  the  block.  So 
great  was'  the  heat  of  the  fire  that  although  Main 
street  is  eighty  feet  wide,  it  cracked  the  plate  glass  of 
Schmadeka's  new  brick  building  and  blistered  the  paint 
all  along  the  front  of  this  block.  The  Jones  meat 
market  was  once  on  fire. 

"The  conflagration  came  at  a  most  seasonable  time. 
There  were  three  or  four  inches  of  new  snow  on  roofs 
and  streets,  and  the  atmosphere  was  clear,  calm  and 
cold,  so  the  flames  went  perpendicularly  aloft,  and  such 
firebrands  as  were  carried  to  a  distance  by  currents 
in  the  upper  atmosphere  landed  on  the  snow  and  were 
speedily  quenched.  Such  firebrands  were  discovered 
at  daylight  on  the  porch  of  the  school  house  and  as  far 
north  as  the  flouring  mills.  But  for  the  snow  thus 
protecting  the  roofs,  a  dozen  fires  would  have  been 
started  in  as  many  different  points  and  the  entire  town 
would  have  gone  up  in  smoke." 

The  losses  were  as  follows:  William  Von  Berg, 
saloon,  loss  $250 ;  Hanson,  the  photographer,  loss  $2,- 
150,  insurance  $1,150;  Mrs.  E.  A.  Crea,  restaurant, 
small  value,  no  insurance;  bank  building,  occupied 
jointly  by  the  Free  Press,  small  loss;  Free  Press, 
everything  except  files,  ledger,  subscription  and  ac- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


count  books,  and  editorial  desk.  Insurance  on  build- 
ing and  contents,  $2,000. 

It  is  said  that  considerable  thieving  was  carried  on 
during  this  fire,  and  no  doubt  to  give  the  thugs  another 
opportunity  to  ply  their  nefarious  vocation,  an  attempt 
was  made  a  week  later  to  start  another  one.  The  ice 
house  in  the  rear  of  and  adjoining  the  Miners'  saloon 
was  saturated  with  coal  oil  and  ignited  and  but  for  the 
fact  that  a  man  familirly  known  as  "Mule"  Davis  was 
sleeping  in  an  adjoining  room  and  was  awakened  by 
the  flash,  the  dastardly  attempt  to  set  the  town  on  fire 
would  doubtless  have  succeeded.  Mr.  Davis  realized 
the  situation  instantly  and  his  prompt  action  saved  the 
town,  for  it  is  said  that  had  the  fire  gotten  a  good 
start,  no  means  at  the  command  of  the  citizens  would 
have  prevented  a  terrible  catastrophe,  as  a  strong  chi- 
nook  wind  was  blowing  at  the  time.  Such  was  the 
indignation  incited  by  this  contemptible  deed  that  early 
next  morning  a  vigilance  committee  was  organized 
and  systematic  efforts  instituted  for  the  expulsion  from 
Grangeville  of  the  vagrant  element  which  has  been  ex- 
isting within  its  limits  without  visible  means  of  sup- 
port. 

There  was  much  activity  in  Grangeville  during  the 
year  1898,  but  the  greatest  improvement  of  the  year 
was  the  inauguration  of  an  excellent  water  system. 
That  fall  came  W.  M.  Jack,  of  Portland,  and  later  of 
Los  Angeles,  who  had  established  water  works  in  sev- 
eral western  cities  and  towns;  he  found  the  residents 
of  Grangeville  ready  and  anxious  for  the  improvement 
he  proposed  instituting,  and  soon  had  operations  under 
way.  He  took  the  water  from  a  mountain  spring  on 
the  old  Steve  Roster  place  three  and  a  half  miles 
south  of  town,  which  spring  is  of  enormous  capacity 
and  flows  perhaps  the  best  water  available  for  city 
purposes  in  the  state.  Two  large  reservoirs  were 
built  and  lined  with  concrete.  Their  combined  capacity 
is  about  one  million  gallons.  From  them  the  water  is 
conducted  to  the  town  in  large  mains  and  distributed 
wherever  needed.  Rudolph  Bertsch  is  manager  of  the 
system,  which  was  completed  in  1899  at  a  total  cost  of 
$30,000. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  great  Buffalo  Hump 
excitement  started  in  the  fall  of  1898  and  continued 
throughout  the  entire  mining  season  of  the  following 
year.  It  gave  a  tremendous  impetus  to  the  growth 
of  Grangeville,  through  which  many  thousands  of  peo- 
ple passed.  The  town  at  times  was  full  of  tents  and 
other  'evidences  of  the  great  migrations  passing 
through  it.  Fortunately  other  developments  in  the 
mining  country  to  the  southward,  particularly  in  the 
Thunder  Mountain  region,  have  kept  the  town  lively 
and  contributed  to  its  growth  ever  since  until  it  has 
become  an  entirely  different  place  from  the  Grange- 
ville of  a  half  decade  ago.  The  citizens  of  the  town 
are  public  spirited  and  alert,  ever  vigilant  to  secure  to 
themselves  as  large  a  share  as  possible  of  the  benefits 
accruing  from  mining  discoveries  and  developments. 
To  this  end  they  always  subscribe  liberally  toward  the 
construction  of  roads,  helping  the  mining  men  and  at 
the  same  time  helping  themseles  by  making  their  town 


the  best  and   most  cor 
claimed  that  in  no  othei 


:  trading  point.       It  : 
in  the  west  is  it  so  eas 


prise.  Fourth  of  July  celebrations,  street  fairs  "and  the 
like  are  for  this  reason  almost  invariably  a  success, 
reflecting  credit  upon  their  promoters  and  impressing 
favorable  sentiments  toward  Grangeville  upon  the 
hearts  of  those  who  come  as  visitors. 

No  attempt  has  been  made  to  give  an  exhaustive 
history  of  the  industrial  development  of  Grangeville 
thus  far  and  it  is  thought  that  such  for  the  last  half 
decade  would  be  too  burdened  with  detail  to  interest 
the  general  reader.  A  review  of  the  present  business 
establishments,  churches,  societies,  etc.,  will  convey  a 
sufficient  idea  of  the  advancement  that  has  been  made 
since  the  inception  of  the  town,  now  nearly  thirty 
years  ago.  A  practically  complete  resume  of  the  com- 
mercial houses  and  business  men  includes  the  follow- 
ing: Three  newspapers,  the  Standard,  Republican ; 
the  Idaho  County  Free  Press,  Democratic;  and  the 
Grangeville  News,  Democratic;  two  banks,  Bank  of 
Camas  Prairie,  the  deposits  in  which  on  January  6th 
of  the  current'  year  amounted  to  $259,151.78,  its  total 
resources  at  the  same  time  being  $338,375.41,  and  the 
Bank  of  Grangeville,  which  expects  soon  to  become 
a  national  institution ;  six  general  stores,  three  of  them 
carrying  as  large  stocks  as  are  carried  anywhere  in 
the  state,  Alexander  &  Freidenrich,  Scott  &  Vollmer, 
the  Bargain  Store,  the  M.  &  M.  Cash  store,  Adams  & 
Wiltse  proprietors,  Joseph  Pfeufer's  store,  the  Big 
Buffalo  store  of  which  W.  F.  Schmadeka  is  the  pro- 
prietor, and  Henry  Wax's  store ;  three  furniture  stores, 
Albert  Johnson,  D.  T.  Mills  &  Company  and  W.  E. 
Graham;  dry  goods  and  shoes,  The  Burt  L.  Crosby 
Company;  the  Grangeville  Implement  Company,  Ltd., 
I.  C.  Hattabaugh  secretary  and  manager;  two  hard- 
ware stores,  Rudolph  Bertsch's  and  that  of  the  Hohaus 
&  Hickerson  Hardware  Company ;  two  meat  markets, 
Henry  Murray  and  Foster  &  Hall ;  drug  stores.  Bone- 
brake  &  Cone",  Dr.  E.  H.  Shaeffer,  Pearson  &  Wood ; 
hotels,  the  Jersey  House,  G.  K.  Reed  proprietor;  the 
Revere.  Mark  Howe  proprietor;  the  Wiltse,  George 
D.  Smith  proprietor,  the  Hotel  Grangeville,  J.  A. 
Daziel  proprietor,  and  George  Arnold's  boarding 
house;  book  store,  W.  S.  M.  Williams,  proprietor, 
successor  to  Everett  Gee ;  restaurants,  W.  D.  Gillette's 
and  the  Model ;  millinery,  Mrs.  A.  C.  Hawson ;  livery 
stables,  Boss  barn,  owned  by  Edward  Price,  the  Pio- 
neer, Henry  Elfus  &  A.  C.  Laningham.  and 
the  Idaho,  West.  Hockersmith :  blacksmith  shops, 
David  R.  Atherton.  Dame  &  Klaucke.  James 
Oliver,  Rcy  DePardee  and  Joseph  Sorrow;  planing 
mill,  W.  H.  Campbell;  city  bakery,  W.  D.  Gillette; 
wholesale  liquor  house,  A.  C.  Hawson  &  Company; 
brewery,  the  Eagle,  William  Von  Berg,  proprietor; 
six  saloons  ;  feed  store,  Farnham  &  Neighbor  ;  Japanese 
and  Chinese  store,  Quong  Lung;  jewelers,  J.  W.  Bone- 
brake,  Robert  Dunlap ;  photograph  galleries.  John  A. 
Hanson's,  Walter  E.  Bunnell's ;  assay  office,  E.  Stahl ; 
barbers,  Frank  Hogan,  Daly  &  Allen";  merchant  tailor, 
A.  R.  Tonev ;  notions  and  confectionery.  Wade  Broth- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ers;  cigar  store.  City  Cigar  Company,  R.  Cote,  man- 
ager ;  tobacco  and  fruits,  Levi  Castle  :'  real  estate,  Iowa 
Real  Estate  Company,  Harris  &  Wright  proprietors, 
Parker  &  Young,  S.  G.  Chamberlain,  R.  R.  Hotchkiss  : 
mining  engineers.  W.  C.  McNutt,  Hill  &  Tillson  :  phy- 
sicians, S.  E.  Bibby,  E.  H.  Sheaffer,  T.  W.  Nickel, 
Jessie  Clark-Bennett,  G.  S.  Stockton  ;  dentists,  H.  M. 
McDermid.  Grant  A.  Green  and  H.  V.  Riggs  ;  law- 
yers, Wallace  N.  Scales,  James  F.  Ailshie  (supreme 
judge).  Clay  McNamee,  Robert  F.  Fulton,  J.  M. 
M'Donald,  E.  M.  Griffith,  G.  T.  McDonald,  W.  A. 
Hall,  F.  E.  Fogg.  C.  H.  Nugent,  Lycurgus  Vineyard, 
W.  H.  Cassady,  Levi  Magee,  A.  S.  Hardy,  George 
" 


. 

Young,  John   E.  Jacques,  "George  W.   Goode,  J 

e  Haven,  T.  H.  Bartlett,  T.  J.  McDuffie.  Allen  Mil- 
ler;  painting  contractors,   Richard   H.   Hartman  and 


De 


. 

Alexander  Robinson  ;  contractors  and  builders,  F 

D.  Vansise.  Alexander  Webber,  A.  J.  Turner;  post- 

master, J.  C.  Garber. 

Holtz  &  Son  own  a  large,  well  equipped  brickmak- 
ing  plant  situated  northeast  of  town  ;  capacity,  40,000 
a  day.  It  is  to  be  further  enlarged  and  improved  this 
coming  summer.  Grangeville  has  two  flouring  mills, 
the  Grangeville  Roller  Mills  supplied  with  modern 
equipments  and  having  a  capacity  of  about  one  hun- 
dred barrels  a  day,  and  the  Camas"  Prairie  Roller  Mills, 
Benjamin  D.  Knorr  proprietor.  The  latter  is  the  old 
Grange  mill',  built  in  1875-76.  and  since  improved  and 
practically  rebuilt  by  J.  M.  Crooks  and  Scott  &  Voll- 
mer.  from  whom  Knorr  bought  the  mill  last  year. 

It  is  equipped  with  the  Plansifter  system  and  is 
operated  by  both  steam  and  water  power,  the  latter 
being  taken  from  Three  Mile  creek.  The  mill  pro- 
duces Extra  White  Rose  flour,  graham  and  farina, 
chop  and  feed,  etc. 

Though  the  hopes  of  Grangeville  to  some  day  be- 
come a  railway  center  have  not  yet  been  realized,  it 
is  already  a  stage  center  of  importance.  Stages  leave 
for  Stites  seven  times  weekly,  for  Florence  three,  for 
Cottonwood  six.  and  for  Meadows  six.  From  Adams' 
camp  on  the  Florence  road  a  tri-weekly  stage  goes 
to  the  Hump.  Freeman  &  White  are  contractors  for 
carrying  the  mail  on  the  Meadows  route,  W.  A.  Austin 
on  the  Cottonwood,  and  Charles  F.  Leland  on  the 
Stites,  Florence  and  Hump  routes,  though  stages  on 
these  last  are  maintained  and  operated  by  the  Idaho, 
Nevada  and  California  Stage  Company.  Mr.  Leland 
is  also  the  Grangeville  agent,  ticket  and  express,  for 
the  Northern  Pacific  railway. 

The  Pacific  States  Telephone  Company  maintain 
a  local  exchange  in  Grangeville,  well  patronized  by 
the  business  men  and  citizens  generally;  also  a  long 
distance  line  to  Lewiston  giving  connection  with  the 
outside  world  and  special  lines  to  all  important  interior 
points.  The  excellent  water  system  of  the  town  has 
been  already  adverted  to.  It  furnishes  not  only  a 
cheap  and  sufficient  water  supply  for  domestic  uses. 
irrigating  of  lawns  and  the  like  but  an  excellent  pro- 
tection against  fire.  To  render  it  available  for  the 
latter  purpose  two  volunteer  fire  companies  have  been 
organized,  and  equipped  at  the  town's  expense  with 
hose  carts,  hose,  buckets,  ladders,  etc.  The  Grange- 


ville Electric  Light  &  Power  Company  was  organized! 
in  May,  1902,  and  it  pushed  to  a  speedy  completion 
work  on  the  Clearwater  six  miles  east  of  Grangeville 
in  constructing  an  indestructible  dam,  headgates, 
flumes  and  canal,  etc.,  in  fact  everything  preparatory 
to  installing  a  mammoth  power  plant.  The  buildings 
and  machinery  have  not  yet  materialized,  however, 
so  that  the  far-reaching  plans  of  the  company  for  the 
benefit  of  Grangeville  and  other  prairie  towns  are  still 
unexecuted.  Nevertheless  Grangeville  is  well  supplied 
with  incandescent  lamps,  arc  lights,  etc..  furnished  by 
a  small  seventy  horse-power  plant  put  in  by  the  com- 
pany in  the  fall  of  1899. 

Citizens  of  Grangeville  have  invariably  manifested 
a  deep  interest  in  school  work.  For  many  years  the 
combination  of  the  public  school  with  the  Columbia 
River  Conference  Academy  gave  it  educational  ad- 
vantages such  as  were  enjoyed  by  few  if  any  other 
towns  in  the  territory.  .  When  the  academy  ceased  to 
exist  the  public  school  began  a  rapid  development,  and 
the  town  now  possesses  one  of  the  finest  schools  in 
the  state.  Pupils  who  complete  its  eleven  grades  are 
given  diplomas  admitting  them  to  the  university,  and 
of  the  500  boys  and  girls  in  its  various  rooms  it  is 
hoped  that  not  a  few  are  working  to  that  end.  The 
building  was  erected  and  equipped  at  a  cost  of  between 
twelve  and  fifteen  thousand  dollars.  The  teachers  em- 
ployed at  present  are,  principal,  P.  M.  Glanville ;  as- 
sistant principal,  C.  F.  McCarthy;  Misses  Pauline 
Ray,  Amy  Ellenwood,  Helen  Fray,  Mary  Maxey  and 
Bloom  Taylor,  and  Mesdames  Edith  Crosby,  Sarah 
Spedder  and  Emma  Pogue.  Joseph  Greenfield  is  jan- 
itor. The  school  board  consists  of  Edward  McBroom, 
W.  W.  Brown,  Everett  Gee.  James  Edwards  and  lohn 
Norwood,  and  the  clerk  of  the  district  is  W.  A.  Hall. 
Grangeville  has  the  only  independent  school  district 
in  Idaho  county. 

Seven  churches  are  maintained  in  the  town,  all  of 
them  vital  and  active  and  most  of  them  quite  well 
attended.  They  are  the  Methodist  Episcopal.  Rev. 
J.  S.  Smith  pastor;  Protestant  Episcopal.  Rev.  Willard 
Roots,  rector;  the  Baptist,  Rev.  William  K.  Knox, 
pastor ;  the  Catholic,  supplied  occasionally  by  the  priest 
of  Cottonwood  ;  the  Presbyterian,  Rev.  Fred'j.  Newton, 
pastor,  building  a  church  at  this  writing :  the  Congrega- 
tional. Rev.  D.  D.  Hambly,  pastor ;  and  the  Christian, 
Rev.  Charles  McDonald,  pastor.  The  churches  have  an 
efficient  supplement  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  which  was 
organized  in  the  town  in  October,  1898,  maintaining 
at  first  only  a  reading  room  in  the  old  Grange  hall. 
The  next  winter  a  small  gymnasium  was  opened  under 
its  auspices  in  the  Wililams  building.  In  1900  the 
institution  took  quarters  in  what  is  now  the  Revere 
Hotel  building,  but  in  1902  the  rents  became  so  high 
that  the  association  had  to  move,  and  it  was  then  it 
began  earnest  work  for  the  raising  of  a  fund  where- 
with to  erect  its  own  home.  The  people  of  Grangeville 
assisted  it  with  their  customary  liberality,  and  on  Jan- 
uary 17,  1903,  the  building  was  dedicated.  It  is  a 
two-story  structure,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $4,500,  and 
is  equipped  with  reading  rooms,  bath  rooms,  library, 
a  very  complete  gymnasium,  auditorium,  etc.  Grant 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


A.  Green  is  its  secretary  and  physical  director.  An 
incumberance  of  $2,200  is  still  on  the  building,  but 
so  easy  are  the  terms  and  so  low  the  rate  of  interest 
that  no  apprehension  is  felt  that  difficulty  may  be  en- 
countered in  clearing  it  off. 

Like  most  western  towns,  Grangeville  is  well  sup- 
plied with  fraternal  and  insurance  orders,  most  of 
which  maintain  nourishing  lodges.  Those  established 
so  far  as  known  are:  Mount  Idaho  Lodge  No.  9, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  which  owns  a  brick  hall  on  Main 
street;  Mountain  Queen  Chapter  No.  n,  O.  E.  S., 
Mount  Idaho  Lodge  No.  /,  I.  O.  O.  F. ;  Camas  Prairie 
Encampment  No.  18,  I.  O.  O.  F. ;  Mizpah  Rebekah 
Lodge  No.  12;  Idaho  Tribe  No.  9,  I.  O.  R.  M.;  White 
Rose  Assembly,  No.  212,  U.  A.;  Buffalo  Hump  Lodge 
No.  30,  K.  of  "P. ;  Star  Temple  No.  5,  R.  S. :  Grange- 
ville Camp  No.  206,  W.  O.  W. ;  Idaho  Circle  No.  160, 
Women  of  Woodcraft;  Grangeville  Hive  No.  14,  L. 
O.  T.  M. ;  Grangeville  Lodge  No.  5,840,  M.  W.  A. ; 
Hancock  Post  No.  28,  G.  A.  R. 

Such  is  Grangeville,  past  and  present.  To  cast  its 
horoscope  is  fortunately  no  part  of  our  task,  but  with 
its  favorable  location,  the  agricultural  wealth  of  its 
immediate  environment,  and  the  vast  developed  and 
undeveloped  mineral  wealth  of  its  more  remote  tribu- 
tary territory,  the  pasturage  of  its  hills  and  the  timber 
of  its  mountains,  with  the  enterprise  and  public  spirit 
of  its  inhabitants  and  its  prospects  for  railway  con- 
nection with  the  outside  world  in  the  near  future,  we 
see  no  reason  why  it  should  not  long  continue  to  main- 
tain the  rapid  pace  of  progress  it  has  so  well  main- 
tained during  the  past  five  or  six  years.  In  1900  it  had 
1132  inhabitants  according  to  United  States  census. 
In  the  last  election,  its  citizens  cast  576  votes,  and  its 
board  of  trustees  in  a  resolution  adopted  March  21, 
1903,  constituting  it  a  city  of  the  second  class  instead 
of  a  village,  claimed  for  it  a  population  of  1800.  May 
a  continued  growth  at  the  same  rate  be  its  portion  and 
the  merited  reward  of  its  enterprising  inhabitants. 


This  historic  point  was  for  many  years  during  the 
Dearly  life  of  the  county  an  important  resting  place  for 
teams  traveling  from  Lewiston  to  Grangeville,  Mount 
Idaho  and  the  mines.  In  1863  Wheeler  &  Toothacher 
were  in  charge  of  the  Cottomvood  station,  situated 
where  Joslin's  shop  now  is.  They  were  succeeded 
about  a  year  later  by  John  Byram,  and  he  by  Joe  Moore 
and  Peter  Ready,  from  the"  latter  of  whom  it  passed 
to  Benjamin  Norton,  the  man  who  lost  his  life  during 
the  Indian  war.  After  the  cessation  of  hostilities,  L. 
P.  Brown  became  practically  the  owner  of  the  town- 
site  by  buying  the  place  of  Knighten,  Harry  Wilson 
and  others'. 

A  postoffice  was  established  in  the  early  days  but 
the  first  business  aside  from  that  and  a  blacksmith 
shop  was  the  store  of  F.  B.  King,  opened  about  1880. 
Some  four  or  five  years  later,  Charles  Wood  and  A. 
A.  Harris  built  a  saloon.  Robert  Nugent  tells  the 
writer  that  when  he  came  to  the  place  in  1887,  he 
found  "Judge"  Gilmore  in  charge  of  the  blacksmith 


shop,  H.  H.  Nuxoll  and  Barney  Stubert  in  a  car- 
penter shop,  and  the  business  men  just  referred  to  at 
their  respective  places.  Mr.  Nugent  bought  out  Wood 
&  Harris's  saloon.  F.  B.  King's  store  was  transferred 
to  Weiler  &  Wax  about  1891.  Mr.  Nugent  started  a 
restaurant  in  1893,  in  which  year  a  pork  packing  estab- 
lishment was  also  started.  'Dunham  &  Company,  of 
Chicago,  ran  it  for  a  cobple  of  years,  but  eventually 
failed  through  mismanagement  and  gave  the  farmers  a 
bill  of  sale  of  the  property  in  payment  of  the  sums 
due  them.  At  present  the  building  is  used  as  a  slaugh- 
ter house. 

In  1893,  tne  nrst  paper  of  the  town,  the  Cotton- 
wood  Report,  made  its  bow.  Its  first  issue,  bearing 
date  January  27th,  shows  by  its  advertising  columns 
that  Wax  &  Goldstone  were  then  engaged  in  the  dry 
goods  and  grocery  business;  that  C.  B.  Wood  was 
proprietor  of  the  Cottonwood  House ;  that  Felix  War- 
ren owned  the  Lewiston-Cottonwood  stage  line;  that 
Revs.  T.  L.  Buzzell  and  William  Cronger  were  pas- 
tors of  the  Methodist  and  Catholic  churches,  respect- 
ively; that  Davis  &  Sweet  had  a  saw  and  planing 
mill;  that  F.  M.  Bridgfarmer  was  engaged  in  house, 
sign  and  carriage  painting ;  that  J.  W.  Gains  had  a 
livery,  feed  and  sales  stable ;  that  J.  W.  Turner,  M.  D., 
was  practicing  medicine  and  surgery ;  and  that  Tan- 
natt  &  Hogan  were  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business 
and  in  surveying,  also  were  townsite  agents.  The 
paper  shows,  too,  that  a  literary  society  was  in  ex- 
istence, of  which  E.  T.  Tannatt  was  president  and 
Miss  Ettie  Simpson,  secretary. 

In  1895,  the  town  began  building  rapidly,  and  it 
is  since  that  date  that  the  Cottonwood  of  today  has 
come  into  existence.  Without  attempting  to  fix  the 
dates  of  the  coming  of  later  business  houses  or  the 
sequence  of  their  establishment,  we  summarize  the  pres- 
ent business  houses  of  the  town  as  follows :  Three  mer- 
chandise stores,  Samuel  Goldstone's,  Brown  &  Brust's 
and  Harry  Nuxoll's ;  three  livery  stables,  J.  T.  Hale's, 
C.  C.  Burge's,  and  J.  M.  Filer's ;  J.  W.  Turner's  drug 
store  and  that  of  the  Idaho  Drug  Company :  the  Idaho 
County  Bank,  of  which  E.  M.  Ehrhardt  is  cashier; 
the  saloons  of  Lyons  &  Dixon,  John  Peterson  and  John 
Funke ;  and  the  brewery  of  Schobert  &  Peterson ;  the 
St.  Albert  hotel,  of  which  A.  B.  Rooke  is  proprietor, 
and  the  Cottonwood  hotel  (closed  at  this  writing), 
owned  by  John  Proctor;  harness  and  saddles,  Schiller 
&  Simons ;  planing  mill,  sash  and  door  factory,  Web- 
ster &  Wright;  a  steam  flour  mill  of  twenty-five  bar- 
rels capacity,  J.  W.  Crawford ;  blacksmiths,  J.  F.  Dav- 
idson, E.  Joslin  and  S.  Saux;  meat  market,  Simons 
Brothers;  millinery  and  dress  making,  Mrs.  William 
Bash ;  bakery,  Mrs.  Alice  Tipton ;  grain  warehouse, 
Samuel  Goldstone;  barber,  John  Caldwell;  hardware 
and  implements,  H.  H.  Nuxoll;  printing  office  (Camas 
Prairie  Chronicle),  Frank  S.  Wimer,  proprietor;  fur- 
niture, J.  N.  Moden;  a  Chinese  laundry.  It  is  said 
that  a  large  creamery,  capable  of  handling  the  cream 
from  four  or  five  hundred  cows,  is  in  project,  also  a 
new  brewery.  J.  M.  Wolbert,  an  attorney,  is  engaged 
in  the  real  estate  business,  and  George  W.  Coutts  is 
also  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  The  dentists  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


425 


the  town  are  Drs.  T.  W.  Bray  and  J.  E.  Smith,  and 
the  physicians  practicing  there  are  Drs.  J.  W.  Turner 
and  R.  Truitt.  Samuel  R.  Libby,  the  postmaster,  is 
a  watch  repairer  and  jeweler. 

The  churches  of  the  town  at  this  time  are  the 
Catholic,  Rev.  H.  A.  Kremers,  pastor ;  the  Baptist,  to 
which  Mr.  Daik  ministers ;  and  the  Methodist,  without 

i  a  pastor  at  the  time  of  the  writer's  visit.  There  is 
a  large  four-room  public  school  in  Cottonwood  in 
which  three  teachers  labor,  namely,  Prof.  E.  O.  Stein- 
inger.  Miss  Mary  T.  Hayden  and  Mrs.  Gussie  H. 

'-  Clark.  A  Catholic  school  is  maintained  by  Rev.  H. 
A.  Kremers  in  connection  with  the  church,  intended, 

ternal  orders  are  well  represented,  there  being  sub- 
ordinate lodges  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Rebekahs,  K.  of  P., 
M.  W.  A.,  and  K.  O.  T.  M.  The  first  mentioned  order 
has  a  large  two-story  hall  with  lodge  and  banquet 
rooms  above  and  an  opera  and  dance  hall  below. 

While  Cottonwood  is  as  yet  without  a  railroad 
it  has  daily  stage  connections  with  Grangeville,  Lew- 
iston  and  Keuterville,  and  tri-weekly  with  Kamiah. 
The  O.  R.  &  N.  survey  passes  through  the  town. 

Cottonwood  enjoys  a  very  favorable  situation  on 
the  creekifrom  whicfr  it  takes  its  name.  It  is  conven- 
ient to  a  large  stock  raising  country,  and  there  are 
six  saw  mills  within  ten  miles  of  the  place.  The  rich 
surrounding  country  furnishes  the  business  men  of 
the  town  assurance  of  a  reasonably  abundant  and 

business  and  their  number  must  enjoy  a  corresponding 
increase. 


The  eastern  terminal  of  the  Clearwater  Short  Line 
is  Stites,  a  prosperous,  bustling  little  town  of  perhaps 
three  hundred  inhabitants.  It  has  enjoyed  a  phenom- 
enal growth  during  the  brief  period  of  its  existence, 
and  the  energy,  confidence  and  public  spirit  of  its 
people  are  an  abundant  guarantee  of  further  develop- 
ments to  be  effected  in  the  future.  Stites  possesses 
an  excellent  geographical  location,  and  not  without  rea- 
son has  it  been  given  the  sobriquet  of  "The  Gate  City 
of  Idaho  County,"  for  through  it  must  pass  by  far 
the  major  portion  of  this  region's  travel  and  com- 
merce. The  entire  mining  country  of  the  interior  is 
tributary  to  it,  as  is  also  the  southern  portion  of  Camas 
prairie.  Nearly  all  of  the  stock  shipments  of  the 
county  are  made  here,  constituting  it  a  forwarding 
point  of  no  little  importance,  as  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  in  ten  days  last  August  $35,000  worth  of  cattle 
and  hogs  were  placed  aboard  the  cars  there.  Within 
the  same  period  30,000  pounds  of  wool  were  shipped. 

As  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  a  map  of  the  county, 
Stites  is  situated  w'ithin  the  old  Nez  Perces  Indian 
reservation  near  its  eastern  edge.  Its  site  was  there- 
fore Indian  land  until  the  opening  of  the  reserve,  and 
for  more  than  a  year  after  it  remained  unclaimed,  but 
in  1897  Jacob  Stites  took  as  a  homestead  a  tract  which 
included  the  spot  upon  which  the  town  was  later  built. 
In  May,  1899,  he  relinquished  his  right  to  the  lower 


forty  of  his  homestead  with  the  understanding  that 
J.  M.  Shannon,  N.  B.  Pettibone  and  J.  G.  Rowton, 
who  had  organized  themselves  into  a  firm  known  as 
the  Stites  Townsite  Company,  should  make  applica- 
tion to  the  government  to  have  the  tract  set  aside  for 

and  not  without  success.  At  this  time,  Kooskia  or 
Stuart  was  the  railroad  terminus,  but  shortly  afterward 
Charles  Sweeney  and  W.  E.  Travis,  owners  of  large 
mining  interests  in  Idaho  county,  induced  the  company 
to  extend  its  road  three  miles  further,  though  for  nearly 
a  year  afterward  Kooskia  continued  to  be  the  general 
passenger  and  freight  terminal.  Then,  however,  a 
station  was  built'  at  Stites,  which  thereupon  became 
the  actual  as  well  as  nominal  terminus  of  the  road. 

In  September,  1899,  Robert  Olcott  and  M.  P. 
Streckcr  erected  a  small  grocery  store  in  the  new  town 
and  a  little  later  Duke  Robins 'built  a  small  stand  for 
the  dispensing  of  soft  drinks.  Then  Dr.  E.  E.  Briley  • 
opened  a  drug  store  and  a  physician's  office,  Duke 
Robins  put  up  the  Tanner  hotel,  Almon  L.  Young 
started  a  lumber  yard,  and  James  Jump  established  a 
grain  depot  near  that  of  Mr.  Sweeney,  whose  ware- 
house was  the  first  building  erected  at  the  terminus. 
These  were  the  pioneer  business  houses  of  Stites. 
Others  have  followed  from  time  to  time  since  until 
the  substantial  little  city  of  today  has  been  built  up  in 
answer  to  the  demands  of  trade. 

One  of  the  largest  general  stores  in  the  county  is 
located  in  Stites,  that  of  A.  H.  Greving.  There  are 
two  other  general  merchandise  establishments,  those 
of  Strecker  &  Pettibone  and  H.  C.  Oliver.  The  Stites 
Trading  Company  carries  a  large  stock  of  heavy  hard- 
ware, machinery,  etc.  One  may  take  his  choice  of  three 
hotels,  the  Butler,  S.  Daisley  and  Mrs.  Ruckman, 
managers ;  the  Tanner,  owned  by  Mrs.  Martha  Euell, 
or  the  Tremont,  of  which  Joseph  L.  Willson  is  man- 
ager. The  Idaho  County  Patriot,  a  weekly  paper,  of 
which  Frank  M.  Roberts  is  editor  and  proprietor,  is  a 
staunch  and  able  advocate  of  the  resources  and  ad- 
vantages of  the  region  surrounding  its  home.  It 
succeeded  the  Register,  the  pioneer  newspaper  of  the 
town,  established  February  22,  1901,  by  W.  N.  Rob- 
inson. Last  August,  Mr.  Roberts  purchased  the  Reg- 
ister plant  and  began  utilizing  it  in  the  publication  of 
the  Patriot.  The  remaining  business  houses  are  as 
follows:  Grocery,  G.  C.  Percifull ;  drug  store,  Dr. 
E.  E.  Briley:  meat  markets,  Week  &  Burney,  Decker 
&  Tobias ;  fruits  and  notions.  P.  E.  Ellis ;  blacksmith 
shops,  E.  W.  Williams,  J.  W.  Clayton;  harness  and 
saddle  store,  Phil  Hartman  ;  barber  shop,  D.  A.  Smith ; 
real  estate  agency,  Butler  &  Livick;  livery  stables, 
Underwood  &  Lamb  and  Perry  Mallory.  Three  miles 
above  town  is  the  plant  of  the  Stites  Lumber  Company, 
erected  last  April.  The  mill  has  a  capacity  of  about 
10,000  feet  a  day.  The  medical  profession  is  repre- 
sented by  Dr.  E.  E.  Briley,  the  legal  by  Ernest  Livick, 
and  that  of  dentistry  by  Dr.  E.  Beaudette. 

The  business  men  of  Stites  have  recently  mani- 
fested their  progressive  spirit  by  organizing  the  Citi- 
zens' Improvement  Club,  which  boasts  a  large  and 
growing  membership.  The  object  of  the  organization 


426 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


is  expressed  by  its  name.  Its  president  is  N.  B.  Petti- 
bone  ;  its  vice-president,  James  B.  Schultz ;  its  secre- 
tary, Riley  Clemans ;  its  treasurer,  P.  E.  Ellis ;  and  its 
trustees,  'D.  C.  Howard,  J.  B.  Burney  and  Duke 
Robins. 

Stage  lines  extend  from  Stites  to  Newsome  and 
Elk  City  and  to  Camas  Prairie,  Grangeville  and  nu- 
merous interior  points,  and  the  town  has,  of  course, 
the  advantage  of  passenger  service,  daily  except  Sun- 
day, over  the  railroad  to  Lewiston  and  the  outside 
world. 

The  people  of  Stites  pay  more  attention,  perhaps, 
to  the  causes  of  education  and  religion  than  those  of 
most  new  towns  and  outfitting  points  for  miners.  The 
Baptist  and  the  Episcopal  denomination  of  Christians 
are  both  represented,  and  the  former  is  now  engaged 
in  erecting  a  church  edifice.  Rev.  J.  S.  Simmons  is  the 
pastor  in  charge.  Public  interest  in  the  cause  of  edu- 
'  cation  was  manifested  last  year  by  the  issuance  of  dis- 
trict bonds  and  the  erection  of  a  commodious  frame 
building  forty  by  twenty-eight  feet  in  dimensions. 
Fifty-eight  pupils  are  now  receiving  instruction  within 
its  walls  from  Principal  David  Story  and  Miss  Hattie 
Percifull. 

The  town  of  Stites  was  summoned  into  existence 
by  the  Short  Line  railroad  and  with  truth  it  may  be 
said  that  its  future  is  in  the  hands  of  the  railway 
company.  Its  situation  is  a  favorable  one,  and  as 
long  as  it.  remains  the  terminal  it  can  hardly  fail  to 
continue  to  be  a  prosperous  little  city,  but  an  extension 
of  the  road  is  looked  for  in  the  not  distant  future,  the 
effect  of  which  cannot  be  foreseen. 

KOOSKIA. 

Kooskia  is  a  thriving  little  reservation  trading 
point  on  the  Clearwater  Short  Line  of  the  Northern 
Pacific,  three  miles  from  its  terminus  and  just  above 
the  junction  of  the  middle  and  south  forks  of  the 
Clearwater  river.  A  portion  of  the  town  really  lies 
on  the  middle  fork  and  is  known  locally  as  East  Koos- 
kia. A  high  hogback  from  the  east  runs  down  nearly 

strip  of  land  between  the  base  of  this  hill  and  the 
rivers  that  the  town  has  been  built,  though  a  few 
buildings  lie  across  the  south  fork.  The  main  town 
is  on  this  latter  stream,  East  Kooskia  consisting  of  only 
a  few  residences.  The  south  fork  valley  is  sufficiently 
wide  for  several  miles  above  its  mouth  to  allow  of 
cultivation,  and  a  number  of  ranches  and  farms  lie 
within  it  above  Kooskia. 

Besides  the  support  which  the  town  derives  from 
these  valley  settlements,  it  receives  all  the  trade  from 
the  communities  up  the  middle  fork,  and  much  of  that 
of  the  Kitterridge  and  Tahoe  regions  east  of  the  south 
fork,  also  is  the  trading  point  of  many  residents  of 
northern  Camas  Prairie,  known  as  the  Big  Butte  cattle 
country.  Last  season  the  Vollmer-Clearwater  Company 
alone  shipped  Sg.qoo  bushels  of  wheat  from  Kooskia. 

Kooskia  was  first  named  Stuart  in  honor  of  James 
Stuart,  a  Nez  Perces  Indian,  who  was  for  many  years 
a  surveyor  of  lands,  and  is  now  a  leading  merchant 
in  the  town.  Upon  the  opening  of  the  reservation  in 


November,  1895,  George  Rowton,  who  is  still  a  resi- 
dent, in  behalf  of  himself  and  one  hundred  others, 
among  whom  were  Hardin  Chenoweth,  A.  J.  Williams, 
William  E.  Graham  and  George  Brown,  made  appli- 


of  vacant  land  lying  along  the  east  side  of  the  south 
fork  and  the  south  side  of  the  middle  fork  near  the 
junction  of  those  streams  for  townsite  purposes.  The 
application  was  granted,  and  in  due  time  patents  were 
issued  to  those  interested.  Of  this  grant  about  seventy 
acres  are  hill  land. 

Immediately  upon  the  filing  of  this  application  and 
its  acceptance  at  the  land  office,  James  Cox  erected  a 
small  store ;  George  Brown  and  Hurley  Stevens  opened 
another  store,  Luther  Goebel  built  a  hotel  and  res- 
taurant, Frank  Zenzinger  a  furniture  store,  and  Ed- 
ward Ames  a  blacksmith  shop.  Then  Frank  Ping 
installed  a  saw  mill,  William  Graham  opened  a  second 
furniture  store,  and  Jacob  L.  Gross  another  general 

grow  slowly  until  the  Northern  Pacific  announced  that 
it  would  build  a  line  up  the  Clearwater  river  when 
Stuart  enjoyed  a  genuine  boom,  its  inhabitants  at  one 
time  numbering  between  four  and  five  hundred.  March 
13,  1899,  was  a  day  of  jubilee  in  Stuart,  for  upon 
it  the  people  celebrated  the  arrival  of  the  iron  horse, 
which  it  was  thought  would  go  no  further  for  several 
years.  The  people  were  doomed  to  disappointment, 
however,  as  the  rails  were  laid  another  three  miles 
and  Stites  became  the  terminal. 

The  railroad  company  named  its  station  Kooskia, 
instead  of  adopting  the  name  of  the  town,  for  the 
reason  that  there  was  already  one  Stuart  upon  its 
lines  in  this  state.  Consequently  it  became  necessary 
in  the  interests  of  harmony  for  the  town  to  adopt  the 
name  Kooskia,  and  this  was  done  last  summer. 

The  town  was  incorporated  in  the  fall  of  1901,  and 
Tames  Stuart.  A.  J.  Williams.  R.  R.  Woods,  Dr.  A.  F. 
'Wohlenberg  and  C.  B.  Patterson  were  appointed  the 
first  trustees.  The  present  officers  are:  Mayor,  M. 
J.  Browning;  councilmen,  James  Stuart  and  Bert 
Davis ;  treasurer,  Hardin  Chenoweth :  clerk  and  attor- 
ney, P.  W.  Mitchell. 

A  year  ago  the  citizens  issued  bonds  in  the  sum  ' 
of  $1,500,  with  the  proceeds  from  which  they  erected 
a  fine  school  house.  The  inhabitants  take  much  pride 
in  their  school,  claiming  that  it  is  excelled  in  the 
county  only  by  that  of  Grangeville.  Miss  Anna  Mc- 
Laughlin  is  the  principal,  and  Miss  Dora  Baxster  her 
assistant. 

There  are  four  general  stores  in  Kooskia  at  pres- 
ent, those  of  Jacob  L.  Gross,  R.  R.  Woods,  the  Kooskia 
Mercantile  Company,  and  J.  H.  Hughes.  The  Idaho 
Outfitting  Company,  composed  of  J.  S-  Adair  and  J.  T. 
Wills,  handles  hardware  and  implements  of  all  kinds : 
the  Clearwater  Meat  &  Produce  Company  and  Decker 
&  Tobias  supply  the  town  with  meat;  J.  H.  Hovey 
conducts  the  Hotel  Stuart  and  the  Red  Front  feed 
stables:  James  Stuart  has  a  furniture  store:  J.  M. 
Robinett  is  proprietor  of  the  Pioneer  feed  stables; 
A.  F.  Wohlenberg  and  R.  J.  Alcorn  are  the  town's 
physicians,  the  former  also  conducting  a  drug  store; 


A  PORTION  OF  LAKE  PEND  OREILLE. 


* 


M&* 


- 


WHITEBIRD  BATTLE  GROUND 
Where  Thirty-six  United  States  Soldiers  were  Killed  on  June  1 7,  1 877. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


I.  B.  Hershey  owns  a  blacksmith  shop,  the  only  one 
in  the  town;  William  E.  Cage  conducts  the  Home 
restaurant;  Hon.  P.  W.  Mitchell,  at  present  repre- 
senting Idaho  county  in  the  legislature,  is  Kooskia's 
only  lawyer;  Dr.  E.  Beaudette  is  its  dentist  aVid  jew- 
eler; M.  J.  Browning  is  proprietor  of  the  only  barber 
shop,  and  A.  J.  Williams,  Jr.,  owns  and  operates  the 
Kooskia  Transfer  Line.  Kooskia  also  has  a  weekly 
newspaper,  the  Idaho  Mountaineer,  of  which  H.  E. 
O'Donnell  is  editor  and  proprietor.  The  Mountaineer, 
which  is  four  years  old,  is  an  excellent  country  paper. 
In  East  Kooskia  Edward  and  William  Young  operate 
a  small  shingle  mill,  and  George  Rowton  a  ferry  across 
the  middle  fork.  Major  F.  A.  Fenn,  superintendent 
of  forest  reserves  in  Idaho  and  Montana,  has  head- 
quarters in  Kooskia,  as  does  also  Cassius  M.  Day, 
supervisor,  of  the  Bitter  Root  reserve. 


Harpster  is  the  name  of  an  important  little  town 
and  trading  center  situated  on  the  south  fork  of  the 
Clearwater  river  at  the  old  Jackson  crossing,  about 
eight  miles  northeast  of  Grangeville,  on  the  road  to 
Elk  City,  and  the  same  distance  up  the  river  from 
Stites.  'Like  all  of  the  towns  along  this  river,  Harp- 
ster lies  in  the  bed  of  the  deep  canyon,  fully  sixteen 
hundred  feet  below  Grangeville  and  half  that  many 
feet  below  the  prairies  on  the  east  side  of  the  Clear- 
water.  The  altitude  at  this  point  on  the  river  is  given 
as  1600  feet.  Owing  to  its  sheltered  location,  it  re- 
ceives the  benefit  of  the  warm  currents  of  air  which 
follow  the  Clearwater  canyons,  and  on  this  account 
the  climate  is.  very  mild  the  year  around.  The  town 
receives  its  support  from  the  mining  interests  along 
the  river,  especially  from  the  rapidly  developing  Ever- 
green district  six  miles  up  the  stream,  and  from  the 
farming  settlements  on  the  prairies  lying  to  the  east 
and  west.  The  narrow  width  of  the  canyon  through 
here  precludes  any  extensive  farming  in  the  lower 
altitude,  although  some  fruit  and  vegetables  are  raised 
with  great  success. 

There  'are  really  two  townsites  here,  neither  of 
which  bears  the  name  of  the  postoffice,  Harpster.  The 
oldest  and  most  important  of  these  sites,  is  that  of 
Bridgeport,  whose  history  dates  back  to  the  time  when 
William  Jackson  established  a  small  station  at  this 
point  on  the  trail  between  Camas  prairie  and  Elk  City. 
This  was  early  in  the  'sixties.  Jackson  built  a  toll 
bridge  across  the  river  and  continued  as  the  proprietor 
of  this  isolated  station  until  succeeded  by  Clindinning 
previous  to  the  Indian  war.  Clindinning's  place  was 
burned  by  the  Nez  Perces  in  1877  and  was  never 
rebuilt.  Eventually  Loyal  P.  Brown  came  into  pos- 
session of  nearly  five  hundred  acres  of  land  at  this 
point,  and  in  1893,  at  the  time  of  the  mineral  dis- 
coveries here,  the  Clearwater  Mining  Company  pur- 
chased eighty  acres  of  the  Brown  tract  and  laid  of? 
a  town  which  they  called  Brownsville.  C.  A.  Hastings 
opened  a  small  store  on  the  old  Clindinning  site  during 
the  summer  of  this  year.  About  the  same  time  that 
.Brownsville  was  founded,  John  E.  Beede  filed  a  home- 


stead claim  on  the  land  adjoining  the  Brown  tract  on 
the  north,  but  made  no  effort  then  to  plat  the  land  for 
townsite  purposes.  In  the  fall  of  1893  P.  L.  Obannon 
and  H.  C.  Oliver  erected  a  store  near  the  Hastings 
building  and  subsequently  purchased  his  stock  and 
consolidated  the  two  concerns.  Then  Wellington  Clark 
bought  Oliver's  interest,  and  since  that  time  the  firm 
name  has  been  Obannon  &  Clark. 

The  quartz  mines  opened  by  the  Clearwater  Mining 
Company  did  not  prove  as  rich  as  expected,  and  after 
sinking  a  deep  shaft  and  running  a  drift,  the  company 
abandoned  them.  Of  course  this  injured  the  business 
of  the  little  hamlet  that  had  arisen,  but  the  loss  was 
more  than  overcome  by  the  stimulus  given  the  place 
by  the  settlement  of  the  surrounding  country  after  the 
hard  times.  The  Brown  property,  including  the  old 
site  of  Brownsville,  was  purchased  by  the  Surridge 
brothel  s,  James  and  Thomas,  in  1898,  and  October 
ist  the  town  of  Bridgeport  was  laid  out  on  this  land. 
The  town  of  Riverside  was  also  laid  out  by  Mr.  Beede, 
north  of  Bridgeport,  and  these  two  sites  exist  inde- 
pendently today.  Obannon  &  Clark  removed  their 
store  to  Bridgeport  in  March,  1899,  and  at  the  same 
time  George  Renner  opened  a  saloon  there.  Since 
then  O.  C.  Lapp  has  erected  a  building  in  which  he 
keeps  a  general  store,  C.  M.  Fagan  has  established  a 
blacksmith  shop,  L.  Z.  Millott  a  harness  and  repair 
shop,  Surridge  Bros,  a  livery  barn.  Obannon  &  Clark 
a  hotel,  and  Dr.  Charles  Busey  has  opened  a  drug 
store.  A  year  ago  the  postoffice  was  removed  from 
Riverside  to  Bridgeport.  It  still  retains  the  name 
bestowed  upon  it  nearly  ten  years  ago  in  remembrance 
of  Abraham  Harpster,  who  was  one  of  the  oldest  set- 
tlers in  the  county,  having  come  to  Oro  Fino  at  the 
time  of  the  first  mining  excitement.  O.  C.  Lapp  is 
postmaster.  H.  C.  Oliver  keeps  a  general  store,  and 
Joseph  Wimpy  a  hotel  in  Riverside.  The  Harpster 
postoffice  has  a  daily  mail  service  to  and  from  Stites. 
In  1900  a  school  house  was  built  in  Bridgeport  by  sub- 
scription, and  a  school  opened.  This  school  is  now 
maintained  by  the  district  and  is  taught  by  Miss 
Frances  Wilson.  The  town  will  soon  have  an  excellent 
water  system,  now  under  construction  by  one  of  the 
townsite  proprietors,  Thomas  Surridge.  The  inhab- 
itants are  confident  that  it  will  not  be  long  before  the 
Northern  Pacific  extends  the  Clearwater  Short  Line 
farther  up  the  south  fork,  a  survey  having  already 
been  made  to  Elk  City,  and  with  a  healthful  location, 
pure  water,  a  rich  tributary  country  and  a  railroad, 
feel  that  Harpster  will  become  a  place  of  considerable 
importance  and  size. 


Situated  in  the  picturesque  canyon  of  White  Bird 
creek  at  a  point  about  a  mile  from  the  confluence  of 
that  stream  with  the  famous  Salmon  river  is  the  com- 
pact and  snug  little  town  of  White  Bird.  Many  cir- 
cumstances combine  to  make  it  noteworthy.  On  either 
side  rise  precipitous  hills,  green  in  spring  time  with; 
nutritious  grasses,  except  where  the  huge  columns  of 
basalt  stand  out  tier  above  tier,  bidding  defiance  to  rain 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


and  frost  and  all  the  forces  of  disintegration,  which  for 
ages  have  been  struggling  to  reduce  them  to  vegetation- 
bearing  mould.  The  environs  are  picturesque  beyond 
description ;  gigantic  in  proportions ;  rugged  in  aspect. 
The  town  also  is  a  place  of  historic  interest,  for  just  to 
the  northward  is  the  spot  where  the  Indians  adminis- 
tered to  Perry  a  most  disastrous  defeat  in  the  dark  days 
of  Indian  warfare. 

But  for  years  after  that  fatal  engagement  there  was 
no  town  of  White  Bird,  though  ownership  of  the  town- 
ship had  been  asserted  even  prior  to  the  struggle  of 
1877.  The  man  who,  exercised  "squatter  sovereignty" 
over  it  at  the  time  of  the  outbreak,  James  Baker,  was 
killed  by  the  Indians.  It  later  passed  to  L.  P.  Brown, 
who  sold  it  to  S.  S.  Fenn  in  1891.  The  first  uncertain 
prophecy  of  a  town  had  appeared  several  years  earlier 
when  H.  C.  Brown  opened  a  store.  This,  about  the 
year  1889,  had  become  the  property  of  Frank  and 

When  S.  S.  Fenn  came  in  April,  1891,  he  estab- 
lished a  stage  station  and  hotel.  There  was  no  school 
in  the  place,  at  this  time,  but  one  had  been  built  on  the 
hill  two  miles  from  the  present  town.  The  postoffice 
was  established  when  the  Fenn  Brothers  took  charge  of 
the  pioneer  store,  F.  A.  Fenn  being  the  first  postmaster. 

The  town  consisted  of  the  business  houses  here- 
tofore mentioned  until  about  1894,  when  Charles  Cham- 
berlain opened  a  saloon.  Another  saloon  was  started 
about  a  year  later  by  A.  Cooper,  and  to  him  Mr.  Cham- 
berlain sold  his  stock  and  fixtures,  purposing  to  embark 
in  the  general  merchandise  business.  The  pioneer 
store  had  passed,  during  the  fall  of  1891,  into  the  hands 
of  A.  J.  McOuade,  and  he  and  Chamberlain  were  the 
merchants  orthe  town  until  the  death  of  the  former. 
Leopold  Freidenrich  succeeded  Mr.  McQuade  in  189.7. 
During,  it  is  thought,  the  fall  of  that  year,  G.  \V.  Cur- 
tis bought  an  interest  in  Chamberlain's  store.  In  time 
he  became  owner  of  the  entire  property,  and  after  run- 

his  stock  to  Lucile.  The  building  has  changed  hands 
two  or  three  times  since.  The  Star  hotel  was  put  up 
by  Mrs.  Dalmage  in  1897,  and  sold  the  same  year  to 
F.  Z.  Taylor,  who  transferred  it  during  the  current 
year  to  Mrs.  Hadorn.  In  1897,  also,  William  Whit- 
ney's blacksmith  shop  was  opened.  Next  year  it  passed 
to  Ben  Davis,  who  later  sold  it  to  John  Nevins,  from 
whom  it  passed  to  its  present  owner,  James  Jones. 

Gordon's  livery  stable,  across  the  street  from  the 
Model  hotel,  was  built  in  the  summer  of  1899,  and  sold 
recently  to  Mrs.  Hadorn,  who  also  has  the  stage  office. 
Contemporaneous  with  the  building  of  the  stable  was 
the  opening,  by  S.  Dalmage,  of  a  meat  market.  After 
maintaining  this  business  about  a  year,  he  sold  to 
Wilson  &  Gregory,  who  occupy  the  building  as  a  sa- 
loon. The  next  important  business  building  of  the 
town  was  the  Bargain  Store,  erected  in  December, 
1899,  by  Gordon  &  Fenn,  and  occupied  first  by  A.  M. 
Baker.  Last  fall  it  became  the  property  of  Brockman 
Brothers.  The  Model  hotel,  erected  during  the  fall  of 
1901,  was  occupied  by  different  renters  until  the  spring 
of  1903,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Mrs.  Hadorn.  Odd 
Fellows  hall  was  built  in  1902.  Its  lower  floor  is  at 


present  occupied  by  Brockman  Brothers.  Last  year,  ' 
Cooper's  feed  yard  was  erected,  also  a  warehouse,  in  j 
which  Mr.  Cooper  handles  hay  and  grain. 

Recapitulating,  we  have  the  present  business  estab- 
lishments of  the  town  as  follows:     General  merchan- 
dise,  Leopold   Freidenrich,   Brockman   Brothers;   sa- I 
loons,    A.    Cooper,    Wilson    &    Gregory;    hotels,    the  : 
Model,  Mrs.  Virginia  Hadorn;  two  other  hotels  in  . 
connection;    livery    stable,    owned   by    Mrs.    Virginia 
Hadorn,  who  also  owns  the  Grangeville-White  Bird 
stage  line;  feed  stable,  Frank  E.  Pierce;  blacksmiths, 
Jones   &   Hill;   barbers,   Edward   Russ  and  William 
Thompson ;  meat  market,  Michael  Murray.    Dr.  W.  A.  I 
Foskott  practices  medicine  in  the  town ;  F.  Z.  Taylor  is   • 
United  States  land  commissioner  and  Miss  Erne  Taylor 
is  postmistress. 

The  town  has  a  two-room  school  house  in  use  dur-  1 
ing  nine  months  of  the  year.     The  teachers  are  E.  j 
A.  Carpenter  and  Flora  Kittrell.     The  I.  O.  O.  F.  is 
the  only  fraternity  in  White  Bird.    There  is  no  church, 
but  a  Sunday-school  convenes  regularly,  Mrs.  W.  A. 
Foskott,  superintendent. 

SLATE    CREEK. 

This  is  a  small  postoffice  station  established  in 
1870.  The  postmistress  at  present  is  Mrs.  Josie  Irwin, 
and  the  store  in  which  the  office  is  located  is  con- 
ducted by  John  Irwin.  The  people  in  the  neighbor- 
hood are  stock  raisers,  and  three  ranches  corner  at 
the  town,  owned  by  Joshua  Fackler,  John  Rice  and 
Walter  Rhett.  The  town  is  located  on  the  Salmon, 
and  the  public  school  is  about  one  mile  distant,  down 
the  Salmon  river. 


The  townsite  of  Westlake  was  located  in  1887  by 
J.  B.  Rice  as  a  preemption.  There  was  a  general  store 
at  this  point  in  1889,  and  the  postoffice  was  established 
about  ten  years  ago.  At  an  early  period  the  state  road 
ran  through  the  townsite,  quite  a  number  of  people 
coming  to  the  place  in  1887.  Previous  to  this  date 
the  stock  and  sheep  men  controlled  Craig's  mountain. 
The  town  was  named  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Rice, 
nee  Westlake.  It  was  platted  in  1896  and  a  hotel 
erected  by  Charles  R.  Babcock.  In  1896  Adam  Kam- 
mers  started  a  blacksmith  shop,  Smith  &  Horton  a 
livery  barn,  and  in  1901,  (February),  Crom  &  Stewart 
erected  a  store  building.  They  came  from  Milton, 
Oregon.  Previous  to  the  transfer  of  the  townsite 
Emmet  Putnam  had  started  a  store  across  from  the 
present  Westlake  drug  store,  afterward  selling  out  t 
Crom  &  Stewart.  About  this  period  a  flour  mill  of 
twenty  barrels  capacity  was  erected,  Emmet  Putn; 
opened  a  furniture  store  and  J.  B.  Rice  a  drug  store. 
William  Clausen  established  a  general  store  in  1896 
just  outside  the  town  limits,  on  his  own  land.  The 
present  business  houses  comprise  the  Westlake  drug 
store;  two  general  stores,  Clausen's  and  F.  B.  Pen- 
nock  &  Co.,  the  company  including  Crom  &  Stewart; 
furniture  store  of  Emmet  Putnam;  blacksmith  shop 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of   Orin   Eastman;    hotel    and    saloon,    conducted   by 
Shaw   &   Neighbor,   who  have,   also,   a   feed  barn   in 
connection. 
The   church    of    Westlake    is    represented   by    the 
Seventh   Dav   Adventists.     A  public   school   with   an 
attendance  of  thirty  pupils  is  open  six  months  in  the 
year.     The  postmaster  is  James  A.  Crom,  the  mail 
coming  via  the  Lewiston-Cottonwood  route  every  day 
except  Sunday.     Westlake  is  situated  five  miles  from 
the  Salmon  river,  from  which  vicinity  it  receives  con- 
siderable trade. 

FOREST. 

A  postoffice  was  established  at  Forest  about  1892, 
in  charge  of  a  man  named   Richardson.     Later  he 
sold  out  his  business  to  H.  J.  Vincent,  who  added  a 
small    store   in   connection,    (about    1892),   and   there 
was  no  advance  in  general  business  until  1896.     Dur- 
ing; that  year  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  ran  up  a  two-story  build- 
ing.    The  present  business  houses  are  represented  by 
the  Idaho  Store  Company,  Coffin  Brothers  ;  one  black- 
smith shop,  H.  T.  Hostley  ;  feed  stable,  sawmill,  hotel 
and  bar  and  a  barber  shop  by  Robert  Hostley.     The 
fraternities   are   represented  by  the  I.   O.   O.   F.  and 
the  M.  W.  A.    J.  F.  Harris  is  the  present  postmaster. 
The  Christian  denomination  holds  services  in  the  town 
every  alternate  Sunday.     Mason  prairie  and  the  Sal- 
mon river  country  are  contributary  to  the  trade  of  the 

was  purchased  from  Morris  by  the  Denver  Land  and 
Townsite  Company,  consisting  of  Morris,  Volhner  and 
Scott,   Dernham    &    Kaufman,    Spotswood    &    Veach, 
and  a  number  of  small  stockholders.     It  can  be  justly 
claimed  that  Mr.  Spotswood  is  the  father  of  the  town. 
In  anticipation  of  the  advent  of  a  railroad  considerable 
money  was  expended  in  "booming"  the  town,  and  then 
came  "hard  times,"  and  failure  of  railroad  materiali- 
zation, paralyzing  industries.     The  first  residence  in 
Denver  was  'built  by  J.  J.  Pulse,  in   1892.     Previous 
to  that  there  were  three  hotels,  the  first,  the  Idaho,  by 
Shissler  &  Ingraham  ;  the  second,  the  Denver,  by  John 
Henderson,  and  the  third  by  G.  W.  Cooper,  now  of 
Moscow.     In  1893  G.  F.  Troeh  established  a  general 
store,  followed  by  Henry  Kuether,  Dernham  &  Kauf- 
man Co.,  and  J.  D.  Davis  &  Co,  in  1894.     A  drug 
store  had  been  established  by  J.  J.  Pulse  in  1892.    Of 
the  original  business  men  of  the  place  Mr.  Pulse  is 
the  only  one  left.     A  blacksmith  shop  was  started  by 
C.  W.  Miller  in   1892.     The  opening  of  the  Indian 
reservation  drew  a  number  of  business  men  away,  and 
the  town  has  never  recovered  its  vitality.     At  present 
it  is  estimated  that  there  are  900  people  in  the  precinct. 
Denver  is  located  ten  miles  from  Grangeville  and  ten' 
from  Cottonwood. 
At  present  there  are  three  general  stores.  Henry 
Kuether,  L.  Spangler  and  J.  D.  Davis  &  Co.    J.  W. 
Dunn  conducts  a  furniture  store,  J.  J.  Pulse  a  drug 
store,    S.    K.    Dunn    and   A.    B.    Clayton,   blacksmith 

ment,  provided  with  an  excellent  public  school. 

KEUTERVILLE. 

July,    1884,  -the  townsite  of  Keuterville  was  pre- 
empted bv  Anton  Hendricks,  and  the  patent  secured 
in  1889.   'The  first  store  was  erected  by  Mr.  Kuether 
in  1888,  and  this  was  followed  by  a  blacksmith  shop 
by  John  Maugg,  in  1889,  and  in  the  early  '905  carne 
Henry  Greving  with  a  general  store.     The  postoffice 

William  Von  Berge.     In  April  last  Mrs.  Lottie  Har- 
per opened  a  hotel.    Rhoads  Brothers  conduct  a  livery 
and  feed  stable,  and  D.  H.  Bolte  an  implement  house. 
The  postmistress  is  Mrs.  Lizzie  Allen  Wood,  and  the 
school  teacher  Jacob  Vercler. 

WOODSIDE. 

The  new  town   of  Woodside  was  promoted  by  a 
man    named    Marr,    the    initial    enterprise    beginning 

erected  in   1885   or   1886,   under  direction  of   Father 
Diomete,  S.  J.,  and  the  same  summer  a  considerable 

Maugg  built  a  hotel  in  1898,  although  boarding  houses 
had   been   conducted   by    Mr.    Hendricks    and    others 
prior  to  that  year.     Tlie  present  business  enterprises 
are  Dree's  general  store,  postoffice,  Anton  Hendricks, 
postmaster,  John  Maugg's  hotel,  livery  barn  by  Paul 
Burgund,  who  purposes  to  open  a  general  store,  Black- 

general    store,    a    dance    hall,    postoffice,    hotel    and 
restaurant. 

MOUNT    IDAHO. 

Mount  Idaho,  the  timber  covered  mountain  which 
bounds   Camas   prairie  on   the   south   and    forms   the 
first  of  that  series  of  rugged  ranges  which  extend  far 
into  southern  Idaho,  has  given  its  name  to  the  oldest 

Mrs.   E.  W.  Drees.     There  are  four  sawmills  in  the 
neighborhood    of    Keuterville.    from    which   the   town 
draws  its  trade.  It  also  has  a  share  of  the  patronage  of 
the  Salmon  river  country.  An  ungraded  public  school  is 

Florence,  the  oldest  town  in  the  county.     This  little 
village   nestles   peacefully    among   the    beautiful    pine 
groves    and    intervening    parks    at    the    base    of    the 
mountain   and    at    the    extreme    eastern    edge    of   the 

teacher.     The  attendance  is  about  fifty. 

prairie    with    its    northern    background    of    hills    and 
mountain    ranges    and    its   bordering   canyons    of  the 

The  townsite  of  Denver  originally  belonged  to  B. 
F.   Morris,  720  acres,  of  which   160"  are  platted.     It 

open   book   whose   every   page   presents   an    inspiring 
and  fascinating  picture.     Through   the  town   courses 
a    clear   mountain    stream    which    bears    the   unpoetic 

HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


name  of  Butcher  creek.  The  sight  is  both  beautiful 
and  healthful  and  for  many  reasons  well  adapted  for 
the  location  of  a  town. 

Directly  south  of  the  village  a  broad,  deep  ravine 
or  small  canyon  cuts  through  the  mountain  and  opens 
out  upon  the  town.  Up  the  western  side  of  this  de- 
pression winds  the  old  Milner  trail,  now  of  course  a 
roadway,  which  for  forty  years  has  been  the  popular 
route  to  Florence — since  the  trail  was  blazed  through 
the  forest  through  several  feet  of  snow  in  the  spring 
of  1862.  Many  years  ago  this  primitive  trail  was 
converted  into  'an  excellent  wagon  road,  which  at 
present  is  one  of  the  most  important  in  northern  Idaho, 
as  it  is  the  most  direct  route  to  the  Buffalo  Hump 
mines  and  forms  a  portion  of  the  state  wagon  road 
between  Mount  Idaho  and  the  southern  part  of  the 

The  opening  of  this  historic  trail  furnished  a 
sufficient  reason  for  the  establishment  of  a  station  at 
the  base  of  Mount  Idaho  and  the  beginning  of  the 
trail  and  so  during  the  winter  of  1861-2  Mose  Milner 
built  a  log  cabin  on  the  site  of  the  future  town.  This 
cabin  was  of  a  type  known  as  a  double  cabin,  a  story 
and  a  half  high  and  boasted  a  puncheon  floor.  An 
addition,  which  served  the  double  purpose  of  a  kitchen 
and  a  dining  room,  was  attached  to  one  side  of  the 
main  building.  This  pioneer  hotel  stood  on  what  is 
now.  Florence  street,  formerly  the  old  trail. 

The  following  spring,  that  of  1862,  Loyal  P. 
Brown,  a  Bostonian  who  had  come  west  to  recuperate 
his  shattered  fortunes,  while  en  route  to  Florence 
reached  the  Milner  station  with  his  wife,  and  so 
forcibly  did  the  business  opportunity  presented  by  this 
trail  and  station  appeal  to  him  that  he  forthwith  joined 
with  James  Odle,  another  recent  arrival,  in  buying  the 
property.  They  took  immediate  possession  and  for 
three  years  conducted  the  business  together.  Then  a 
disagreement  arose  over  the  establishment  of  a 
saloon  in  connection  with  the  hotel  and  Brown  bought 
Odle's  interest.  During  the  forty  years  this  hotel 
has  been  in  existence  it  has  been  conducted  in  strict 
accord  with  the  temperance  policy  first  adopted  by 
Brown  in  1862.  At  the  time  the  property  was 
purchased  Brown  filed  a  squatter's  claim  to  the  land 
on  which  the  station  was  built  and  the  next  year  Odle 
filed  on  the  claim  just  west  of  the  Milner  claim.  On 
these  two  claims  the  town  was  built,  although  most 
of  the  buildings  are  on  the  older  one. 

A  few  weeks  after  Brown  and  Odle  purchased  the 
Milner  property,  Seth  Jones,  who  had  gone  into 
Florence  the  latter  part  of  May,  returned  to  the  prairie 
and  with  his  wife  opened  a  second  station  at  the 
lower  end  of  the  trail.  This  station  stood  on  the  flat 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  present  town.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Jones  conducted  their  station  until  the  summer 
of  1863.  when  Mr.  Jones  settled  on  Three-mile  creek 
and  became  a  pioneer  farmer  of  Camas  prairie.  As 
before  stated,  Mr.  Odle  severed  his  business  con- 
nections with  Mr.  Brown  in  1865.  In  1863,  however, 
he,  too.  commenced  farming  on  the  claim  he  had 
taken  west  of  the  station,  closely  following  Mr.  Jones. 
Mr.  Brown  and  his  wife  remained  in  the  Mount  Idaho 


hotel  until  the  former's  death  a  few  years  ago,  since 
which  time  Mrs.  Brown  has  relinquished  possession 
of  the  business  and  retired  to  private  life  in  the  town 
which  has  so  long  been  her  home. 

Just  who  is  responsible  for  the  naming  of  Mount 
Idaho  is  not  known.  Soon  after  the  discovery  of  the 
Florence  mines,  however,  the  mountain  was  referred 
to  by  that  name  and  in  time  it  was  applied  to  the 
little  settlement  at  the  foot  of  the  Milner  trail. 

Because  of  the  very  favorable  geographical  lo- 
cation of  the  place,  the  little  hamlet  early  became  an 
important  and  popular  resting  place  for  those  travel- 
ing to  and  from  the  mines  and  for  many  years  pos- 

ally  was  this  true  during  the  great  rush  of  1862  and 
1863,  when  the  stations  were  often  totally  unable  to 
provide  accomodations  for  those  who  wished  to  avail 
themselves  of  the  rude  privileges  afforded.  Quite  a 
number  of  the  criminal  class  in  the  region  made  the 
place  their  headquarters  in  1862 ;  in  fact  for  a  number 
of  years  the  town  was  considered  a  sort  of  a  crimi-  i 
nal's  refuge,  though  in  justice  to  those  few  settlers 
who  were  in  business  there,  it  should  be  said  that  this 
reputation  was  not  of  their  choosing  by  any  means. 

A  postoffice,  Mount  Idaho,  was  established  very 
early  in  the  life  of  the  town  and  Mr.  Brown  became 
postmaster.  He  also  installed  a  small  blacksmith  shop 
and  dispensed  provisions  and  supplies  of  all  kinds  to 
those  who  wished  to  purchase  on  the  prairie.  Brown's 
station  and  a  few  dwellings  constituted  the  town  for 
the  first  decade  of  its  existence. 

In  1872  came  the  first  store,  established  by  Ralph 
Jacobson  and  his  two  brothers,  in  one  end  of  Brown's 
hotel.  This  business  venture  did  not  result  success- 
fully, however,  for  the  owners  soon  sold  to  a  man 
named  Rudolph,  who  was  Mount  Idaho's  only 
merchant  until  1875,  when  Vollmer  &  Scott  opened  a 
branch  store  there.  Wade  Rice  built  a  saloon  in  1872, 
which  in  1877  was  owned  by  J.  M.  Auchinvole  and 
these  three  business  houses,  together  with  Brown's 
hotel,  comprised  the  commercial  portion  of  the  town 
in  1877,  when  the  Indian  war  broke  out.  There  were 
probably  one  hundred  inhabitants  then. 

Mea'nwhile  Mount  Idaho  had  become  the  county 
seat  as  a  result  of  the  annexation  of  Camas  prairie 
and  the  Elk  City  region  to  Idaho  county.  This  im- 
portant change  was  made  in  1875  and  gave  quite  an 
impetus  to  the  town's  growth.  A  handsome  county 
building  was  erected  in  1878  at  a  cost  of  several 
thousand  dollars  and  subsequently  a  jail  was  added. 
These  two  buildings  occopy  a  block  of  land  on  the 
eastern  side  of  Florence  street,  and  served  the  county 
until  1902,  when  the  seat  of  government  was  removed 
to  Grangeville.  The  site  of  the  buildings  was  donated 
by  L.  P.  Brown  in  1875  on  condition  that  the  owner- 
ship of  the  ground  should  revert  to  him  in  case  the 
county  seat  was  removed  elsewhere,  but  subsequently, 
in  1892,  the  county  was  given  an  additional  deed  to 
the  property. 

Mount  Idaho  occupies  a  prominent  place  in  the 
history  of  the  Nez  Perces  war  and  throughout  the 
whole  campaign  in  Idaho  was  one  of  the  principal 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


431 


bases  from  which  operations  were  carried  on.  To 
this  place  the  terrified  settlers  of  Camas  prairie  flocked 
on  that  memorable  evening  of  June  14,  and  here  they 
remained  until  Joseph's  hostiles  left  Idaho.  Here  it 
was  that  the  settlers  built  the  famous  stone  fort, 
within  whose  protecting  walls  they  expected  to  defend 
themselves  to  the  last.  At  one  time  nearly  the  whole 
population  of  the  prairie,  about  256,  were  assembled 
in  and  around  this  defense. 

The  old  fort  stood  on  the  little  hill  just  north  of 

•    town,  the  site  of  the  present  school  house,  and  occupied 

}  a  very  strategic  position.     The  fortification  was  in  the 

form  of  a  circle,  perhaps   i  50  feet  in  diameter,  and 

was  constructed  of  two  rail  fences  built  parallel  with 

each    other,   the    intervening    space   being   filled    with 

rocks  and  timber.    The  wall  was  between  four  and  five 

feet   high.     Entrance  was  gained   through  a  narrow 

passageway  on  the  west. 

In  the  "fall  of  1878,  another  mercantile  establish- 
ment, Grostein  &  Binnard's  branch  store,  was  added 
to  those  already  in  the  thriving  little  village.  For 
several  years  succeeding  the  Indian  war,  the  town 
grew  and  prospered,  experiencing  its  greatest  degree 
of  prosperity  during  the  years  1878-79-80,  when  the 
population  reached  and  passed  the  200  mark.  From 
this  time  on,  however,  Mount  Idaho  was  outstripped 
in  the  race  for  supremacy  by  Grangeville,  a  rival  town 
only  two  miles  distant,  which  was  founded  in  1875 
by  the  settlers  of  Three-mile  creek.  In  a  hard  fought 
ntest  in  1892  over  the  possession  of  the  county  seat, 
' 


Mount    Idaho    narrowly    escaped    losing    this  'much 

onor,    and   last   fall    Grangeville   fin 
ed  the  prize.     The  loss  of  the 


ed   honor, 


finally   ob- 


blow to  Mount  Idaho,  though  it  had  been 
expected  for  years. 

Mount  Idaho's  population  now  numbers  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  people.  Although  of  far  less  im- 
portance than  formerly  the  village  is  still  the  trading 
point  of  a  thickly  settled  farming  community  and  is 
the  nearest  commercial  center  to  the  interior  mining 
camps.  Four  miles  east  of  town  is  the  Dewey  or 
Evergreen  mining  district  on  the  south  fork  of  the 
Clearwater  ;  eight  miles  southeast  are  the  Cove  Placer 
Mining  Company's  extensive  placers  which  have  just 
been  opened;  three  miles  northeast  is  the  large  saw- 
mill of  Edward  Heitzman  ;  and  two  miles  east  of  town 
Royal  Skaggs  operates  a  small  sawmill.  All  these  do 
a  large  share  of  their  trading  at  Mount  Idaho,  besides 
which  the  town  receives  considerable  patronage  from 
the  travel  to  and  from  the  Buffalo  Hump  district. 
The  O.  R.  &  N.  railroad  survey  passes  through  the 
town  and  up  the  canyon  through  which  the  Milner 
trail  led. 

At  present  Matthew  H.  Truscott  conducts  a 
general  store  and  is  the  village  postmaster  ;  the  Mount 
Idaho  hotel  is  conducted  by  I.  N.  Smith;  Wiley 
Knighten  has  a  blacksmith  shop:  Herman  Brown  is 
the  proprietor  of  a  general  store;  and  there  is  one 
saloon.  The  small  Chinese  population  in  the  town  is 
catered  to  by  one  merchant.  Sang  Yuen.  Until  about 
ten  year  ago  the  Mongolian  population  was  much 
larger  than  the  white  population. 


The  first  school  in  Mount  Idaho  was  held  in  a 
small  frame  building  erected  on  Main  street  in  1867. 
Mr.  Brown  donated  the  ground  and  contributed  most 
of  the  money  with  which  the  school  house  was  built. 
Miss  Biancia  Reed  taught  this  school.  For  several 
years  this  building  sufficed  and  then,  for  a  long  time, 
the  school  was  held  at  different  places  in  the  town. 
Finally,  five  years  ago,  the  district  purchased  the  hall 
erected  by  the  Masonic  fraternity  on  the  hill  just  north 
of  the  town  and  in  this  building  between  fifty  and 
sixty  pupils  are  now  taught  by  Miss  Margaret  Hawk 
and  Miss  Beatrice  Ellenwood". 

The  town  has  no  fraternal  or  secret  orders  and, 
strangely  enough,  is  without  even  a  church.  A  six- 
times-a-week  mail  service  is  maintained  and  a  tri- 
weekly service  between  Mount  Idaho  and  the  Hump 
and  Florence. 


ELK  CITY. 

The  historic  town  of  Elk  City  is  on  sloping  ground 
on  the  east  bank  of  Elk  creek,  one  and  one-half  miles 
above  its  junction  with  the  American  river.  Much 
of  its  history  has  been  given  incidentally  in  connec- 
tion with  the  mining  district,  which  bears  its  name. 
The  present  town  consistc  of  a  miscellaneous  aggre- 
gation of  board  and  log  houses,  arranged  along  a 
single  street  extending  in  an  east  and  west  direction. 
Its  population  in  1900  is  given  by  the  official  census 
as  100,  but  it  probably  exceeds  that  considerably  now. 
It  has  all  the  usual  business  houses  and  they  are  all 
doing  well  at  this  writing  owing  to  the  revival  of 
interest  in  the  mining  district.  Being  at  the  junction 
of  roads  leading  to  Buffalo  Hump,  Big  creek,  Oro 
Grande,  Red  river,  Ziegle  creek,  Dixie  and  Thunder 
mountain,  it  is  the  natural  distributing  point  for  the 
entire  section  between  the  middle  fork  of  the  Clear- 
water  and  the  Salmon  river  and  if  it  ever  becomes  a 
railway  terminal  it  must  speedily  become  a  large  and 
important  town.  There  is  a  practicing  dentist  in  Elk. 
The  only  lodge  there  established  is  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

CLEARWATER. 

Was  credited  in  1900  with  a  population  of  90. 
Its  principal  business  houses  are  a  store  kept  by 
Obannon  &  Clark,  a  hotel  by  Harry  Baker,  a  livery 
and  feed  stable,  and  a  postoffice.  It'  is  situated  about 
twelve  miles  from  the  railway  terminal,  Stites. 


DIXIE. 

In  the  center  of  the  mining  district  of  that  name 
is  an  old  point.  It  at  present  consists  of  about  twenty 
or  twenty-five  buildings  arranged  along  Crooked  river. 
The  principal  business  establishments  are  a  general 
merchandise  store,  Charles  I>uer  proprietor,  a  large 
hotel  and  a  postoffice. 


•ntioned  in  the  fore- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


going  at  which  postoffices  were  established  in  Janu- 
ary, 1903,  are:  Adams,  Callender,  in  the  Buffalo 
Hump  county;  Canfield  on  Doumecq  plains;  Con- 
cord, population  in  1900,  ten ;  Ferdinand,  population, 
last  United  States  census,  31 ;  Florence,  whose  early 
history  has  found  place  elsewhere  in  this  volume, 
population  75  ;  Freedom,  postoffice  at  the  mouth  of 
Slate  creek ;  Glover,  Goff ,  population  25  ;  Greencreek, 


population  28 ;  Gregg,  population  57 ;  Hui 
lation  51  ;  Lorena,  Lowe,  population  21 ;  Luci'le,  popu- 
lation 52;  Orogrande,  Pollock,  population  15;  Resort, 
Riggins,  Roosevelt,  in  the  Thunder  Mountain  country ; 
Syringa,  population  25 ;  Tahoe,  population  20 ;  War- 
ren, an  old  mining  center  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
country,  credited  in  1900  with  a  population  of  150; 
Woodland. 


CHAPTER  V. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


The  largest,  most  varied  section  of  a  grandly  rug- 
ged mountain  state,  Idaho  county  presents  many 
problems  to  him  who  essays  to  describe  its 
topographical  aspect,  its  diverse  elements  of 
wealth,  its  industries,  its  products  and  its  peo- 
ple. Bold  indeed  is  he  who  would  attempt 
an  adequate  pen  picture  of  its  wondrous  con- 
formation, the  grandeur  of  its  scenery,  the  mag- 
nificence of  its  lofty,  rock-ribbed,  snow  crested  up- 
lands, the  sublimity  "of  its  yawning,  deep-cut  canyons, 
the  enchantment  of  its  less  rugged  valley  scenes,  the 
crystal  beauty  of  its  lakes,  its  swift-flowing  rivers  and 
its  mountain  torrents,  the  divine  perfection  of  color- 
ing with  which  nature  has  added  a  touch  of  softness 
to  its  boldest,  wildest,  most  rugged  features,  the 
mystic  veiling  of  giant  strength  with  feminine  beauty, 
the  harmony,  the  magnificence,  the  splendor  of  the 
whole.  WTe'll  might  an  abler  writer  shrink  from  such 
a  task.  In  vain  would  one  with  no  greater  gifts  at- 
tempt portraiture  so  pretentious.  Yet  he  would  be 
indeed  a  craven  and  derelict  to  duty  who,  having 
opportunity,  would  fail  to  contribute  his  mite  toward 
extending  public  knowledge  and  deepening  public  ap- 
preciation of  a  land  so  picturesque  in  contour,  so  rich 
in  crude  elements  of  wealth,  so  ready  to  pour  into  the 
lap  of  industry  an  abundant  reward. 

In  this  age  of  scientific  research,  men  are  prone  to 
seek  causes  for  observed  effects,  and  this  chapter 
would  be  read  with  no  little  interest,  could  it  draw 
aside  the  veil  of  the  past  and  reveal  the  solution  to 
problems  which  have  presented  themselves  to  thous- 
ands of  thoughtful  minds  since  the  entrance  of  whites 
into  central  Idaho.  Why  this  distribution  of  rocks? 
How  came  these  canyons?  Whence  these  deposits  of 
gold?  How  came  they  to  be  distributed  thus?  Most 
important  of  all,  where  are  the  missing  mother  lodes? 
Some  of  these  questions  no  man  can  answer.  Others 
would  doubtless  yield  a  ready  solution  to  the  investi- 
gation of  the  skilled  geologist.  For  some  reason  the 
geology  of  central  Idaho  has  received  but  little  atten- 
tion from  scholars,  practically  the  only  investigators 


until  quite  recently  being  the  indomitable  gold  hunters, 
who  give  themselves  slight  concern  about  theories  and 
generalizations  further  than  those  which  tend  to  aid 
them  in  their  search  for  hidden  treasuries.  Of  a  like 
practical  character  are  the  few  notices  given  the  coun- 
try in  the  earlier  government  publications.  Never- 
theless Idaho  county  presents  an  ideal  field  for  the 
geologist.  Its  deep-cut  canyons  expose  the  rocks  to 
a  depth  of  several  thousand  feet  in  many  places  and 
to  him  who  can  read  petrographic  language,  these 
rocks  reveal  a  history  of  deep  and  absorbing  interest. 
They  tell  a  tale  of  a  giant  age  when  the  earth  was  torn 
and  twisted  by  the  fire  demon,  whose  spittle  was  lava 
and  whose  breath  was  flame;  of  a  war  between  him 
and  the  frost  king  continued  through  successive  ages, 
in  which  the  combatants  were  successively  victorious. 
They  show  the  efforts  of  the  king  of  ice  and  snow  to 
imprison  his  enemy  under  an  immovable  mass  of  rock, 
and  how  the  powerful  foe  at  length  broke  through  his 
prison  wall  and  in  his  anger  spewed  forth  yet  greater 
lakes  of  fiery  lava,  how  the  opposing  king  renewed 
the  conflict,  again  forcing  his  enemy  to  a  retreat  in 
the  caverns  of  the  earth  and  again  weighting  him 
down  under  a  mass  of  rock.  They  show  successive 
escapes  of  the  demon,  each  followed  by  renewed  war- 
fare and  final  victory  for  the  king,  until  at  last  the 
fire  gave  up  the  conflict  and  the  frost  ruled  supreme. 
They  tell  the  story  of  that  reign  of  ice,  during  which 
'the  lands  were  being  slowly  moulded  and  fashioned  to 
suit  the  fancy  of  its  new  ruler,  and  how  he  at  last 
grew  weary  of  his  task  and  withdrew  to  the  mountain 
heights,  where  he  makes  an  annual  descent  that  he 
may  assist  the  softer  forces  of  water  and  rain  and 
decomposition  in  their  benevolent  fashioning  of  the 
land  for  the  uses  of  man.  They  tell  also  of  these 
gentler  agencies,  which  for  ages  have  been  noislessly 
at  work,  of  Neocene  lake  beds,  of  floods,  of  erosion 
and  of  variations  in  drainage. 

But  we  leave  the  details  of  the  story  of  the  rocks 
to  be  developed  by  those  to  whom  their  language  is  • 
not  so  nearly  unknown,  merely  pausing  to  notice  some 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  observations  of  Lindgren  and  Leiberg  upon  the 
geology  and  topography  of  our  section.  The  maps 
and  reports  of  the  former  show  the  southern  part  of 
Idaho  county  or  much  of  it  in  the  granite  area, 
while  Grangeville  and  Mount  Idaho  are  known  to  be 
not  far  from  the  contact  of  that  formation  with  the 
sedimentary  rocks.  Florence,  Buffalo  Hump,  War- 
ren, Secesh  Ridge,  Marshall  lake,  and  the  country,  in- 
tervening, together  with  a  strip  extending  many  miles 
farther  south,  as  shown  to  be  in  areas  of  granite  and 
diorite;  the  Salmon  river  canyon  at  the  bend  of  that 
river  from  a  westerly  to  a  northerly  course,  including 
John  Day,  Carver's  ranch,  Fiddle  creek,  and  consider- 
able territory  around  the  confluence  of  the  Little 
Salmon  with  the  larger  stream  of  that  name  is  marked 
on  the  map  as  a  carboniferous  area  of  slates,  schists 
and  old  effusive  rocks,  as  is  also  the  Seven  Devils 
region,  while  the  Salmon  river  country  northward 
from  a  line  of  contact  between  John  Day  and  Free- 
dom is  characterized  as  a  Columbia  river  lava  for- 
mation. Large  areas  of  country  on  either  side  of  the 
Little  Salmon  south  of  Pollock  and  between  the 
Salmon  and  the  Snake  are  marked  rugged  mountains 
or  rugged  high  ridges  and  their  petrographic  charac- 
ter is  not  indicated,  not  having  been  determined  by 
the  s'urvey. 

"The  main  mountainous  complex  north  of  the 
Snake  river,"  says  Professor  Lindgren,  "may  be  di- 
vided into  three  parts.  The  great  central  granite 
area  occupies  by  far  the  largest  space,  extending  with 
a  width  of  lob  miles  from  the  Snake  river  plains 
northward  to  the  limit  of  the  map.  (The  township 
line  north  of  township  27).  How  much  farther  north 
it  extends  is  not  known,  but  probably  it  ends  some- 
where in  the  Clearwater  drainage,  by  junction  of  the 
eastern  and  western  sedimentary  areas.  As  provision- 
ally outlined  on  the  map,  it  forms  one  of  the  largest 
granite  areas  in  the  United  States." 

With  regard  to  the  Seven  Devils,  Lindgren  says 
that  they  "may  be  considered  an  outlier  of  the  main 
old  mountain  mass  of  Idaho,  against  which  successive 
fiery  flows  piled  up,  until  now  only  the  summits  pro- 
trude above  the  lava  plateau.  North  of  the  copper 
mines  on  the -western  side  of  the  river  the  contact  of 
the  old  rocks  with  the  basalt  rises  to  nearly  7,000  feet, 
and  the  whole  canyon  is  cut  in  these  old  eruptives  and 
allied  rocks.  But  immediately  north  of  this  point  the 
contact  again  sinks,  and  heavy  basalt  flows  from  the 

Thus  the  gigantic  trench  of  the  canyon  has  shown  the 
structure  of  the  Columbia  lava  and  laid  bare  the 
formation  upon  which  it  rests.  Below  the  broad 
plateau  lies  a  buried  topography — mountain  ranges, 


deep 


nd  c 


included  in  the  Bitter  Root  forest  reserve.  The  region 
is  wild,  rugged  and  in  some  places  grand  indeed,  be- 
ing traversed  on  the  east  by  the  main  axis  of  the  Bitter 
Root  mountain  divide  between  Idaho  and  Montana, 
from  which  spurs  extend  far  to  westward.  The  rock 
of  the  area  is  granite  and  diorite.  Until  recent  years 
this  was  the  least  known  region  of  the  United  States, 
few  having  ventured  into  its  remote  retreats  and  for- 
bidding depths  except  the  indomitable  prospector,  and 
the  various  surveying  parties  sent  out  to  search  for 
passes  through  which  railways  might  gain  entrance  to- 
the  Pacific  states.  The  establishment  of  the  reserve  has. 
done  much  to  dispel  ignorance  regarding  the  country, 
and  the  reports  of  the  various  government  agents  will 
soon  make  it  one  of  the  best  known  areas  of  the  state. 

The  writer  has  before  him  a  government  publi- 
cation of  which  John  B.  Leiberg  is  the  author,  a  few 
excerpts  from  which  will  serve  to  convey  an  idea  of 
its  topographic  features  sufficient  for  our  purpose. 

"The  Idaho  portion  of  the  Bitter  Root  forest  re- 
serve," says  this  authority,  "is  situated  almost  wholly 
within  the  Clearwater  river  drainage  area,  a  tract 
along  the  southern  boundary  on  the  Salmon  river  slope 
being  the  only  exception.  The  Clearwater  drainage 
consists  of  a  number  of  large  forks  or  tributaries,  which 
divide  into  an  intricate  system  of  long  and  short  can- 
yons, mostly  narrow  and  winding.  Its  main  arteries 
are  the  North,  Middle,  Lochsa,  South,  Lolo  and  Sel- 
way  forks.  Of  these  tributaries  the  area  of  the  reserve 
includes  the  entire  length  of  the  Selway  and  Lochsa 
forks,  and  a  small  portion  of  the  southern  drainage  of 
the  North  fork.  The  canyon  system  of  which  these 
affluents  from  the  main  trunks,  is  by  far  the  most  note- 
worthy and  striking  feature  in  the  topography  of  the 
Clearwater  basins.  Its  windings  and  ramifications 
are  very  great.  Excluding  the  Salmon  river  gorge 
and  lateral  canyons  and  the  small  draws  or  mere 
creases  in  the  mountain  sides  of  the  Clearwater  areas, 
1  estimate  that  the  canyon  system  of  the  Clearwater 
basins  within  the  reserve  measures  more  than  5,000 
miles  in  aggregate  length. 

"The  western  slope  of  the  Bitter  Root  mountains 
is  primarily  formed  by  a  few  great  branches  from  the 
main  range,  which  in  their  turn  branch  out  into  a 
vast  mass  of  curving,  winding,  peak-crowned  spurs, 
constituting  the  water  sheds  of  the  Clearwater 
basins.  :;  *  *  The  primary  divides,  together 
with  the  great  number  of  lateral  spurs  to  which  they 


•idges. 


nd  tics 


ly  succeeding  flows,  "only  the  very  highest  peaks  still 
showing  their  heads.  The  bottoms  of  the  old  valleys 
clearly  lie  far  below  the  deep  cut  of  Snake  river,  how 
far  is  not  known.  More  detailed  investigation  will 
reveal  more  of  the  character  of  this  old  submerged 
topography." 

An   immense   area    in   the   eastern  part   of   Idaho 
county,  as  well  as  much  of  southeastern  Shoshone,  is 


can  determine  the  precise  point  at  which  any  particular 
canyon  or  spur  originates  or  ends.  The  primary^ 
divides  vary  considerably  in  their  topographic  de- 
tails, depending  on  the  amount  of  erosion  they  have 
indergone  and  the  agent  that  effected  it.  The  lateral 
spurs,  on  the  contrary,  do  not  differ  much,  except 
lear  the  main  range  of  the  Bitter  Roots. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


"It  is  in  the  main  range  of  the  mountain  system 
that  the  most  rocky  and  precipitous  areas  exist.  From 
Lolo  pass  to  Nez  "Perces  pass  the  rock  formation  is  a 
massive,  hard  granite.  The  crest  of  the  range  is  a 
succession  of  sharp,  craggy  peaks  and  'hogbacks,'  with 
long  east  and  west  swinging  curves  alternating  with 
•deep  saddles  where  the  larger  canyons  have  their  rise. 
The  peaks  attain  elevations  of  8,000  to  9,000  feet — 
in  some  instances  10,000  feet — while  the  deeper  sad- 
dles, which  form  the  passes  of  the  range,  have  ele- 
vations of  5,800  to  6,500  feet.  The  direct  western 
slope  of  the  main  backbone  of  the  system  has  been  cut 
and  fissured  by  great  glaciers  that  have  long  since  dis- 
appeared, but  which  left  behind  beetling  crags,  deep 
canyons  with  precipitous  walls,  and  a  general  rug- 
gedness  in  the  landscape  that  time  has  not  yet  suc- 
ceeded in  modifying,  except  in  a  very  small  degree. 

"The  general  aspect  of  the  crests  of  all  the  pri- 
mary divides  for  distances  of  forty  to  sixty  miles  west 
from  the  main  range,  indicates  the  existence  of  past 
glaciers  on  their  summits  and  upper  slopes.  The 
sculpturing  of  the  slopes  and  the  peculiar  recessing 
of  the  heads  of  the  larger  canyons  into  the  divides  are, 
in  their  general  features,  precisely  the  same  on  the  pri- 
mary divides  as  they  are  on  the  main  range,  where  no 
doubt  exists  as  to  the  presence  and  work  of  big  gla- 
ciers in  past  times.  The  most  rugged  and  elevated 
portions  of  the  Bitter  Root  range  lies  north  of  Nez 
Perces  pass.  South  of  this  place  the  crest  averages 
1,500  to  3,000  feet  less  in  elevation,  and  is  for  the 
most  part  a  narrow  ridge  with  rounded  outlines  oc- 
casionally rising  into  small  peaks,  but  on  the  whole  is 
more  like  the  primary  divides  toward  their  termination 
on  the  west.  The  main  range  of  the  Bitter  Roots  north 
of  Nez  Perces  pass  has  always  proved  a  formidable 
barrier  in  the  way  of  travel  from  east  to  west  in  this 
region.  The  difficulty  does  not  lie  in  the  approach 
from  the  eastern  side," though  this  declivity  has  by  far 
the  shortest  and  steepest  slope.  It  is  the  descent  on 
the  western  side  that  presents  the  chief  obstacles.  The 
immediate  slopes  from  the  crest  are  here  very  abrupt, 
are  cut  up  by  immense  gorges  and  abound  in  preci- 
pices and  extensive  rockslides  to  such  a  degree  that 
they  are  entirely  impassable.  The  three  trails  extend- 
ing' across  the  reserve,  the  Lolo  trail  on  the  north,  the 
trail  through  Lost  Horse  pass  in  the  center  and  the 
Nez  Perces  trail  on  the  south,  were  laid  out  by  the 
Indians  ages  ago  and  their  course  was  made  to  coin- 
cide as  nearly  as  possible  with  the  crests  of  the  pri- 
mary ridges,  the  canyons  being  utterly  impassable 
without  much  grading  and  rock  cutting." 

With  the  rock-ribbed  Bitter  Roots,  just  described, 
on  the  east  and  piercing  with  their  rugged  granite 
spurs  the  country  to  westward  for  scores  of  miles,  with 
the  lofty  Seven 'Devils,  spanning,  like  a  Colossus,  the 
strip  between  the  Salmon  and  the  Snake,  with  Craig's 
.mountain  forming  a  northwestern  boundary,  and  with 
the  Salmon  river  mountains  on  the  south,  with  all  these 
ranges,  many  of  which  sent  forth  huge  glaciers  in  past 
ages  to  plow  deep  furrows  in  the  bosom  of  earth  and 
with  the  swift  flowing  streams  to  continue  by  their 
erosion  the  deepening  of  the  canyons,  Idaho  county  is 


indeed  a  rough,  rugged,  prodigious  region.  It  is  not 
hard  to  imagine  it  as  having  been  fashioned  by  the 
hand  of  a  giant  architect  as  a  home  for  a  giant  race. 
The  lover  of  a  tender  beauty  may  find  here  scenes 
suited  to  his  taste,  but  it  is  to  the  admirer  of  a  strong, 
wild,  picturesque  landscape  that  central  Idaho  will  ap- 
peal with  especial  potency.  A  scenic  poem  it  may  be 
denominated,  but  it  is  a  poem  replete  with  epic  heroism, 
composed  in  the  stirring  meter  of  the  Norse  Viking's 
song  of  defiance,  with  a  few  couplets  of  a  gentler  strain, 
little  of  the  soft,  sweet  music  of  love.  It  is  not,  how- 
ever, the  plan  of  nature  to  divorce  absolutely  mascu- 
line strength  from  feminine  prettiness,  the  sublimely 
grand  from  the  delicately  beautiful,  and  there  is  in  the 
eternal  verdure  of  the  forest,  the  deep  blue  of  the  dis- 
tant hills,  the  paler  blue  of  the  summer  sky,  the  rich 
green  carpet  that  spring  time  weaves,  and  the  illumina- 
tion of  the  sunlight,  power  to  subdue  and  soften  and 
transfigure  the  most  rugged  landscape.  Here  as  else- 
where may  be  seen  the  effort  of  artistic  nature  to  adorn, 
with  the  clinging  ivy  vine,  the  ruins  of  the  feudal 
castle. 

But  it  must  not  be  supposed  from  the  foregoing 
that  Idaho  county  is  all  mountainous ;  on  the  contrary 
there  is  within  its  borders  one  of  the  finest  and  most 
extensive  bodies  of  agricultural  land  in  the  entire  state. 
From  many  points  in  the  surrounding  mountains  may 
be  obtained  a  splendid  view  of  a  part  or  the  whole  of 
this  grand  prairie,  but  perhaps  as  good  a  position  as  one 
may  choose  is  a  station  on  the  side  of  Craig's  mountain 
not  far  from  Foster's  grave.  As  the  observer  beholds 
the  beautiful  scene  which  is  spread  out  before  him,  he 
is  not  surprised  that  the  wild  Indian  warrior  of  1877 
should  have  resorted  to  force  and  arms  rather  than 
yield  the  privilege  of  wandering  free  over  such  a 
prairie  and  such  inviting  mountain  uplifts,  meekly  sub- 
mitting to  the  semi-incarceration  of  a  reserve.  It  was 
the  writer's  privilege  to  behold  Camas  prairie  from  the 
position  designated,  early  in  the  spring  of  the  present 
year.  The  country  had  been  the  scene  of  a  noiseless 
warfare  for  its  possession,  that  between  the  seasons; 
and  the  forces  of  warmth  and  sunlight  had  just  suc- 
ceeded in  driving  their  adversaries,  the  frost  and  the 
snow,  to  distant  retreats  in  the  heights  beyond.  The 
country  was  not  at  its  best.  It  had  not  yet  been  clothed 
in  vernal  colors.  The  labor  of  the  husbandman  during 
the  previous  fall  had,  by  turning  up  the  rich  black 
soil  in  places,  given  it  a  somewhat  checkered  appear- 
ance, and  here  and  there  could  be  noticed  the  first  feeble 
efforts  of  the  winter  wheat  to  cover  the  blackness  of  its 
parent  soil,  with  a  carpet  of  green.  The  distant  hills 
wore  their  perennial  timber  covering,  the  verdure  of 
which  was  then  as  always  transformed  into  a  dark 
beautiful  blue  by  one  of  nature's  secret  processes. 
Though  the  hills  to  the  left  shut  off  the  view  of  the 
mountains  in  that  direction,  making  it  impossible  to 
see  the  entire  farming  country,  the  prairie  appeared 
crescent  shaped,  the  concave  side  toward  the  beholder, 
and  it  seemed  to  rise  by  a  gradual  ascent  to  the  tim- 
bered and  snow  crested  uplands  beyond.  It  required 
but  little  effort  to  project  one's  self  backward  through 
thirty-five  or  forty  years  of  time  and  behold  in  im- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


agination  the  waving  sea  of  blue  camas  which  de- 
lighted the  eye  of  those  whose  privilege  it  was  to 
view  the  prairie  in  its  virgin  state.  By  a  still  slighter 
effort  one  might  picture  to  himself  the  intense  green- 
ness which  is  to  characterize  the  country  when  the 
gentle  springtime  shall  have  woven  to  full  completion 
its  crown  of  verdure. 

But  why  carry  this  description  further  when  we 
have  before  us  one  from  an  abler  pen  and  one  which 
has  come  to  possess  a  historic  interest,  having  been 
written  more  than  two  decades  ago?  In  1881  A.  F. 
Parker  said : 

"The  tender  light  of  an  afternoon  sun  bathed  the 
landscape  in  mellow  tints  as  we  obtained  our  first  view 
of  Camas  prairie  from  the  summit  of  Cottonwood 
hill.  The  scene  spread  before  us  was  one  of  en- 
trancing beauty.  At  our  feet  lay  the  prairie  itself, 
with  its  undulations  and  gently  rising  slopes,  soft- 
ened by  distance  into  the  appearance  of  a  great  tran- 
quil inland  sea;  streaching  away  to  the  eastward,  the 
dense  greenness  of  its  vegetation  merges  into  the  dull 
gray  of  the  foothills,  which  in  their  turn  vanish  into 
the  blackness  of  the  timber  clad  mountains  in  the 
background.  The  eye  at  first  rests  with  feelings  of 
refreshment  upon  the  luxuriant  hue  of  die  vegeta- 
tion with  which  the  prairie  is  decked  till  the  very  in- 
tensity of  its  verdure  becomes  painful  and  we  turn 
naturally  for  relief  to  the  grand  old  mountain  ranges 
that  form  such  an  appropriate  setting  for  this  gem 
of  the  Pacific  slope. 

"Looking  to  the  southward,  the  snow-capped 
peaks  of  the  Salmon  river  mountains  loom  grandly  up, 
their  serrated  summits  rising  tier  above  tier  till  they 
are  themselves  overtopped  by  the  weird  and  fantas- 
tic forms  of  the  Seven  Devils,  whose  majestic  heights 
clearly  penciled  on  the  horizon  and  clad  in  the  chaste 
grandeur  of  glittering  snows  lend  to  this  enchanting 

strangely  contrasts  with  the  peaceful  landscape  repos- 
ing at  our  feet.  The  rugged  vertebrae  of  the  Bitter 
Roots  rise  sharply  heavenward  and  form  the  eastern 
boundary  of  the  prairie,  while  spurs  of  this  mighty 
range  stretch  far  away  to  the  northward  and  form  the 
rock-ribbed  Cbeur  d'Alene  mountains,  behind  whose 
towering  crests  rise  the  pinnacles  of  other  ranges, 
priests  robed  with  the  snows  of  eternal  age.  But  the 
eye  soon  tires  of  the  stern  grandeur  and  unutterable 
solitudes  of  these  primeval  hills,  and  seeks  harmony  in 
contemplation  of  the  pastures  below.  The  stage  road 
running  the  full  length  of  the  valley 'and  by  its  dense 
blackness  attesting  the  unexcelled  fecundity  of  the 
soil,  an  occasional  cabin,  the  remnants  of  a  stockade 
fort  erected  in  the  dark  and  bloody  days  of  1877,  the 
villages  of  Grangeville,  Mount  "Idaho  and  Camp 
Howard  glistening  in  the  sun.  nestling  snugly  in  their 
respective  locations  at  the  far  end  of  the  valley,  with 
the  limited  area  of  cultivation,  hidden  from  view,  these 
are  the  only  evidences  of  civilization  visible  on  Camas 
prairie — the  land  of  Indian  romance  and  of  historical 
tragedy — the  most  beautiful,  the  most  fertile  country 
in  the  world. 

"Nothing   in   nature    is   more    enchanting   than    a 


view  of  this  romantic  spot,  obtained  at  a  time  when  the 
green  of  the  prairie  is  suffused  with  the  golden  glow  of 
a  setting  sun ;  and  but  for  the  fact  that,  like  Daedalus 
of  old,  our  wings  are  of  wax  and  liable  to  melt  if  we 
soar  too  near  the  sun,  we  would  love  to  linger  upon 
the  beauties  of  the  landscape,  to  which,  however,  no 
pencil  and  no  brush  can  do  adequate  justice.  As  we 
descended  the  hill  to  Cottonwood  and  traversed  the 
thousands  of  acres  of  fertile  soil,  untilled  and  crying 
to  heaven  for  the  plow,  our  determination  to  advertise 
to  the  world  the  wondrous  wealth  of  northern  Idaho 
became  like  cast-iron  in  its  rigidity." 

Other  agricultural  and  stock  raising  sections  of 
the  county  are  the  valleys  or  canyons  of  the  Clearwater 

Though  the  area  in  these  suited  to  farming  is  not  ex- 
tensive, the  valleys  are  of  no  little  agricultural  and 
horticultural  value,  for  their  moderate  elevation  and 
sheltered  position  give  them  the  advantage  of  a  much 
finer  climate  than  the  high  country  between  and  on 
either  side  of  them.  The  Clearwater  valley  is  tra- 
versed by  a  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  as 
far  as  a  town  called  Stites.  It  will  receive  more  par- 
ticular treatment  in  connection  with  Nez  Perces  coun- 
ty, but  we  may  say  here  that  though  similar  in  its 
general  features  to  the  Salmon  river  canyon,  it  is  in- 
ferior in  topographic  grandeur.  The  rivers  themselves 
are  both  streams  of  great  beauty,  and  both  noted  for 
the  furious  impetuosity  of  their  flow.  This  it  is'  that 
gives  them  their  moderate  breadth  and  depth  though 
they  carry  off  the  waters  from  so  large  a  scope  of 
mountainous  country,  receiving  tribute  from  such  a 
complex  of  creeks  and  rivulets  that  a  blue  print  map 
with  the  drainage  traced  in  white,  presents  nearly  as 
much  white  surface  as  blue. 

To  one  entering  the  Salmon  river  canyon  from  the 
north  during  the  winter  or  spring  seasons,  the  scene 
is  especially  entrancing.  The  deep,  sticky  mud  of 
Camas  prairie  is  likely  to  blind  temporarily  one  who 
has  toiled  through  it  to  the  beauty  of  its  topography, 
the  richness  of  its  soil  and  the  blessings  it  bestows 
so  bountifully  upon  its  inhabitants.  The  climb  to  the 
summit  of  White  Bird  divide  is  sure  to  be  attended 
with  inconvenience,  if  not  hardship,  being  either  mud- 
dy in  the  extreme  or  snow-clad,  and  tne  eye  and  mind 
are  prepared  to  feast  with  especial  pleasure  on  the 
beautiful  landscape  that  comes  into  view,  when  you 
begin  your  descent  of  the  opposite  slope.  As  you  wind 
your  way  clown  the  steep  hillside  and  behold, 
stretching  away  to  your  right,  the  narrow  valley  of 
White  Bird  creek,  apparently  ending  at  the  foot  of  a 
steep,  snow-capped  bluff,  which  is,  however,  across 
the  Salmon  river,  you  are  likely  to  wonder  how  Colo- 
nel Perry  could  have  dared  to  lead  his  men  into  a 
country  so  favorable  for  ambuscades  and  so  difficult  to 
get  out  of  in  case  of  defeat.  But  there  is  no  danger 
now.  The  work  of  the  Indian  warrior  is  done  and 
you  gaze  without  fear  upon  a  landscape  at  once  ex- 
tremely rugged  and  uncommonly  regular.  The  hills 
are  steep  and  high  to  be  sure,  but  their  sculpturing  is 
so  smooth  as  to  "suggest  the  work  of  a  landscape  gar- 
dener, while  the  numerous  cattle  paths  extending  hor- 


436 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


izontally  across  them  one  above  another,  would,  if  a 
little  more  nearly  straight,  give  the  impression  of  ter- 
racing. To  your  right  as  you  pass  through  the  town 
of  White  Bird,  looms  up  a  great,  precipitous  knob  of 
basalt,  much  more  irregular  and  rugged  than  the  sur- 
rounding hills,  castle  like  columns  of  undecomposed 
lava  rock  rising  perpendicularly  in  places  from  its 
steep  sides.  Upon  this  at  the  time  of  the  writer's 
visit,  hundreds,  perhaps  thousands,  of  feet  above  the 
valley,  well  up  toward  the  summit,  a  herd  of  cattle 
were  feeding  peacefully,  many  of  them  in  places 
where,  it  would  seem,  a  mountain  sheep  would  hardly 
dare  to  venture. 

Rugged  though  White  Bird  canyon  is,  that  of  the 
Salmon  river  proper  is  deeper  and  more  rugged, 
though  the  hills  on  either  side  are  of  the  same  steep, 
comparatively  smoothly  sculptured  character.  As 
you  ascend  the  river  you  are  continually  reminded  of 
the  two  main  industries  of  the  people.  Herds  of  cat- 
tle, feeding  upon  the  precipitous  sides  of  the  ver- 
dure-clad hills  above  you,  speak  of  the  extent  to  which 
pastoral  pursuits  engage  their  energies,  while  piles 
of  tailings,  huge  excavations  in  the  gravel  banks  of 


the 

here  and  there  a  large  iron  pipe  bearing  water  to  some 
hydraulic  giant  and  perhaps  an  occasional  miner  at 
work  on  his  property  tell  you  that  the  precious  metal 
abounds,  that  much  energy  has  been  expended  in  se- 
curing it  in  the  past  and  that  not  a  little  effort  is  still 
being  directed  toward  its  acquisition.  Though  smil- 
ing spring  pays  its  earliest  visit  to  this  land,  hoary 
winter  always  takes  up  its  abode  not  far  away,  and 
the  sight  of  vernal  beauty  and  loveliness  at  hand  bor- 
dered by  a  landscape  appareled  in  robes  of  snow  just 
beyond  "is  a  common  and  perfectly  normal  one.  How- 
ever interesting  to  the  new  comer  this  illogical  mar- 
riage between  winter  and  summer,  it  has  long  since 
ceased  to  seem  marvelous  to  the  eyes  of  the  old 
Idahoan. 

If  you  are  interested  in  the  past  history  of  the 
country,  you  will  find  the  people  more  than  willing  to 
point  out  to  you  places  rendered  memorable  by  the 
stirring  events  of  the  awful  Indian  outbreak  of  1877. 
Though  this  terrible  scourge  visited  the  land  so  long 
ago,  its  details  were  so  horrible,  and  shocked  the  sen- 
sibilities of  the  pioneers  so  deeply,  that  the  impres- 
sions remain  vivid  to  this  day,  and  the  story  has  been 
told  so  many  times  that  even  the  younger  generation 
is  familiar  with  the  landmarks  of  the  war.  They  will 

the  place  where  Perry  was  first  attacked;  where 
Howard  crossed  the  river  and  where  he  camped;  the 
high  bluff  upon  the  summit  of  which  is  the  prairie 
where  the  Indians  from  times  immemorial  were  wont 
to  assemble  for  councils  and  for  worship ;  the  place 
where  Benedict  was  killed;  the  old  stone  chimneys, 
sole  remnants  of  the  miners'  cabins  in  which  were  the 
Masons  and  Osbornes  when  the  Indians  attacked 
them;  the  site  of  the  fort  at  Slate  creek;  the  field  in 
which  were  Elfers,  Bland  and  Beckroge  when  tragic 
death  overtook  them;  and  the  spot  where  poor,  old, 
consumptive  Dick  Divine  was  murdered  for  his  gun. 


As  you  ascend  the  river,  the  scenery  becomes  more 
and  more  grand  at  least  as  far  up  as  Goff.  Beyond 
that  the  personal  observation  of  the  writer  did  not  ex- 
tend, but  perhaps  the  reader  may  get  some  idea  of  the 
topography  of  this  great  river  canyon  throughout  the 
rest  of  its  course  in  Idaho  county  by  a  perusal  of  the 
following  from  the  pen  of  J.  V.  Dwyer,  who,  in  de- 
scribing a  hunting  trip  taken  by  himself  and  others- 
last  winter,  said: 

"My  brother  and  myself  left  Salmon  City  on  the 
8th  of  November  on  a  hunt  for  big  horn  sheep,  and 
descending  the  Salmon  river  thirty-five  miles  to  the 
mouth  of  Indian  creek,  outfitted  at  the  store  of  the 
Kittie  Burton  Gold  Mining-  Company,  which  is  lo- 
cated about  five  miles  up  Indian  creek  from  the  mouth. 
We  there  bought  a  flat  boat,  36x10  feet  in  size,  and 
loading  our  possessions  on  this  boat,  started  down  the 
stream  for  Big  creek,  where  we  camped  for  a  number 
of  days,  hunting  the  mountain  sheep  and  deer  in  the 
high  mountains.  We  had  arranged  for  Captain 
Guleke  to  join  us  at  Big  creek  before  the  winter  ice 
had  formed,  but  on  Thanksgiving  day  the  storm  be- 
gan in  an  unmistakable  way  and  we  then  knew  that 
if  we  were  to  make  the  river  trip  it  would  have  to  be 
made  at  once. 

"November  29  we  started  down  the  stream  with- 
out waiting  for  Captain  Guleke,  and  reaching  Poverty 
flat  about  the  middle  of  the  afternoon,  fifty-five  miles 
below  Salmon  City,  found  that  the  river  for  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  was  blocked  with  slush  ice.  It  was  right 
then  that  trouble  began  and  we  surely  had  enough  of 
it  within  the  next  week.  Going  to  the  foot  of  the 
slush  ice  gorge  we  started  to  clear  out  a  channel 
through  which  the  boat  could  be  floated,  and  by  the 
time  night  had  come  on,  we  had  cleared  the  channel 
with  the  exception  of  the  last  three  hundred  feet. 
This  we  expected  to  finish  within  half  an  hour  the  next 
morning,  but  were  disappointed  in  this,  as  the  next 
morning  we  found  that  the  ice  flow  of  the  previous 
night  had  again  choked  the  channel  worse  than  ever 
before.  Three  days  we  struggled  with  this  ice  flow, 
when  we  were  joined  by  Captain  Guleke  and  another 
day  was  spent  in  a  last  effort  to  remove  the  obstruction. 
The  Captain  then  advised  that  a  smaller  boat  be  made, 
which  could  be  portaged  over  the  gorge  on  a  tobog- 
gan. The  building  of  this  boat  occupied  two  days, 
the  tools  in  use  being  a  dull  saw  and  hand  ax,  and  the 
material  planks  from  our  larger  boat  and  from  the  re- 
mains of  a  smaller  boat  we  found  stranded  at  Poverty 
fiats.  A  large  portion  of  the  supplies  were  left  in  the 
large  boat. 

"Once  started  down  the  river  in  the  smaller  craft, 
our  troubles  may  be  said  to  have  been  over,  as  there 
was  never  the  least  doubt  about  reaching  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  although  on  several  occasions  there 
seemed  to  be  considerable  doubt  about  our  making 
the  trip  alive.  The  first  day  after  leaving  Poverty 
flats  and  before  we  reached  ths  mouth  of  the  middle 
fork  of  Salmon  river,  we  struck  another  ice  gorge, 
over  which  we  portaged  with  little  difficulty.  The  next 
day  from  this  we  entered  the  Black  canyon,  which  has  a 
length  of  something  over  ten  miles,  and  which  took 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


three  days  to  traverse.  During  these  days  the  hours 
were  filled  with  excitement  and  risk.  Seven  ice 
gorges  were  met  and  surmounted.  In  no  case  was  the 
ice  solid,  the  solid  ice  reaching  out  from  the  shore  on 
each  side  and  leaving  in  the  middle  of  the  stream  a 
channel,  which  was  filled  up  with  slush  ice,  and  enor- 
mous snow  balls,  this  slush  ice  and  snow  sometimes 
reaching  below  the  surface  to  a  depth  of  ten  or  fifteen 
feet.  In  this  stretch  of  the  river  there  would  be  a 
ouiet  reach  of  water,  its  surface  mirroring  the  en- 
folding hills,  while  below  this  would  come  a  rapid  or 
fall,  where  the  water,  a  sea  green  color,  would  rush  down 
a  rocky  gorge,  on  a  twenty  per  cent,  grade,  or  perhaps 
fall  almost  perpendicularly  for  ten  or  fifteen  feet.  The 
channel  in  these  swift  places  would  be  plentifully  be- 
sprinkled with  huge  red  and  green  granite  and  sand 
stone  boulders,  and  the  waters  would  be  lashed  into 
foam.  At  the  foot  of  each  of  these  falls  would  be  a 
combing  wave,  apparently  rushing  back  up  stream, 
and  on  several  occasions  these  waves  almost  swamped 
the  boat.  But  it  was  not  the  rushing  waters, 
alternating  with  pools  of  quiet  depth,  that  formed  the 
greatest  charm  in  the  scenery. 

"The  name  Black  canyon  is  no  misnomer.     It  was 

quieter  stretches  of  the  river  and  looking  toward  the 
heavens,  it  seemed  as  though  the  scene  told  its  own 
history  of  the  great  mountains  of  granite  which  had 
been  reft  by  the  giant  hand  of  the  Almighty,  raised  in 
anger  against  an  unworthy  world,  leaving  here  a  gash 
in  many  places  five  thousand  feet  in  depth,  and  which 
in  many  places  even  the  erosion  of  the  ages  has  not 
more  than  gently  scarred,  while  in  others  the  evidences 
of  the  great  convulsion  which  had  split  the  rocks 
asunder  were  apparently  as  fresh  as  on  the  day  when 
the  cleft  was  formed.  On  either  side  there  would  be 
nothing  but  the  bare  rock  walls,  red  and  green  and  blue 
and  brown,  with  never  a  blade  of  grass  or  shrub,  while 
far  above,  forming  a  fringe  for  the  clear  blue  of  the 
sky,  which  showed  in  a  thin  slit  like  a  silver  thread, 
was  the  dark  blue  of  the  forest,  intensified  by  the 
dazzling  whiteness  of  the  snow  that  sparkled  with  all 
the  shades  of  light  that  would  be  given  out  by  a  clus- 
ter of  diamonds.  The  memory  of  the  three  days 
spent  in  traversing  this  Black  canyon  will  be  with  me 
through  the  years  to  come. 

"After  we  had  traversed  the  Black  canyon,  no  other 
dangers  that  the  river  might  have  in  store  for  us 
could  produce  more  than  a  pleasurable  excitement, 
and  each  rapid  and  fall  was  met  and  conquered  with- 
out the  quickening  of  a  single  pulse  beat.  Beautiful 
scenery,  sublime  in  its  loftiness,  did  not  end  with  the 
Black  canyon,  and  in  many  ways  the  stretch  of  river 
between  White  Bird  and  the  junction  of  the  Salmon 
with  the  Snake  rivers  furnished  as  beautiful  scenery 
as  can  be  found  anywhere  on  the  American  conti- 
nent. After  leaving'  White  Bird,  the  river,  -al- 
though wild  in  its  flow,  gave  evidence  along  its  banks 

There  were  a  number  of  little  homes,  wfth  vineclad 
porches  and  orchards  back  of  the  house.  Occasion- 
ally there  were  long  stretches  where  the  river  ran  in 


deep  gorges  and  where  the  sun  does  not  strike  the 
water  during  eight  months  of  the  year.  The  walls 
of  the  canyon  here  are  a  chocolate  colored  basalt,  and 
in  many  places  the  columnar  basalt  stretches  from  the 
water's  edge  for  a  thousand  feet  or  more  into  the  air, 
the  columns  rising  like  cathedral  spires.  In  other 
places  these  cliffs  of  columnar  basalt  have  been  faulted 
and  the  columns,  in  place  of  soaring  skyward,  are 
placed  at  almost  every  imaginable  angle. 

"We  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Salmon  river  Decem- 
ber 1 7th,  and  two  clays  were  occupied  in  reaching 
Lewiston.  After  leaving  White  Bird  we  had  been  con- 
stantly warned  to  beware  of  the  Wild  Goose  rapids,  and 
so  much  had  been  told  us  of  the  dangers  of  the  passage 
there  that  we  had  almost  decided  to  line  over  the  rapids, 
something  we  had  not  done  in  our  whole  trip.  All 
during  the  forenoon  we  had  been  keeping  a  careful 
watch  for  the  Wild  Goose,  and  finally  about  noon, 
unable  to  stand  the  suspense  any  longer,  the  boat  was 
pulled  ashore  near  a  house,  and  a  farmer  asked  how 
iar  it  was  to  the  Wild  Goose.  We  were  much  surprised 
when  told  that  we  had  passed  the  rapids  about  six 

But  we  must  not  allow  ourselves  to  be  betrayed 
into  dwelling  at  too  great  length  upon  the  topographic 
features  of  Idaho  county,  for  scenic  beauty,  though 
adding  greatly  to  the  charm  of  any  region,  is  neverthe- 
less in  this  practical  age  secondary  in  importance  to 
numerous  other  considerations.  Though  from  an 
agriculturist's  standpoint  there  seems  to  be  much  waste 
'and  in  central  Idaho,  yet  is  the  country  almost  every- 
where rich  in  some  form  of  wealth.  The  palmy  days 
of  placer  mining  have  long  since  passed,  but  the  re- 
vival of  the  last  decade  in  quartz  mining  has  brought 
to  light  not  a  few  promising  prospects  and  some  pro- 
ducers, the  wide  distribution  of  which,  considered  in 
connection  with  the  evidence  of  mineralization  in  many 
parts  of  the  intervening  country,  fosters  the  belief  that 
Idaho  county  is  some  day  again  to  lead  the  state,  as 
it  did  in  the  early  'sixties,  in  the  production  of  mineral 
wealth.  The  season  of  the  year  during  which  this  work 
is  being  prepared  renders  it  practically  impossible  to 

perience  must  of  necessity  render  this  description  of  the 
mining  industry  somewhat  superficial,  but  we  shall  do 
our  best  with  the  information  at  hand. 

Among  the  mining  districts  which  are  today  com- 
manding attention  are  several  the  names  of  which  were 
household  words  in  the  golden  days  of  1861-2-3.  Flor- 
ence, which  had  such  a  brilliant  early  history,  enjoyed 
a  very  considerable  boom  in  recent  years  and  though 
interest  has  subsided  somewhat,  it  is  still  among  the 
important  districts  of  the  county.  Situated  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  Salmon  river  its  environs  partake  of  the 
picturesqueness  which  characterize  the  canyon  of  that 
stream  and  country  adjacent  to  it.  The  general  topo- 
graphy of  the  canyon  at  this  point  was  thus  described 
in  1885  by  the  gifted  pen  of  A.  F.  Parker  : 


:  head  of 


the  seven  mile  grade  to  Salmon  river,     'ihe  des 
into  hades  is  not  more  abrupt  and  precipitous  than  the 
tortuous   trail   which    winds   around   the    face   of  the 


438 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


intain  and  drops  the  wear 
approaches  to  the  wire  bridge.     From  the  sum 
the  huge  spur  down  which  the  trail  winds,  01 


r  finally  at  the 
i  the  summit  of 

luge  spur  down  which  the  trail  winds,  one  can 
look  for  miles  and  miles  over  a  sea  of  mountain  and  ra- 
vine, of  ragged  precipices  and  stony  heights,  of  barren 
wastes  and  pine-crested  slopes.  Far  below  yawns  the 
black  gorge  through  which  the  river  runs,  dwarfed 
from  our  point  of  view  to  a  mere  silver  thread.  De- 
scending, we  note  that  the  shelving  sides  of  the  canyon 
meet  at  the  bottom  until  they  inclose  the  turbulent 
waters  of  this  dangerous  stream.  The  elements  act- 
ing on  the  sides  of  the  gorge  have  scraped  some  parts 
into  precipitous  crags  and  scooped  others  back,  so  that 
the  walls  present  a  series  of  projecting  bastions  and 
semi-circular  recesses,  traversed  by  innumerable  ra- 
vines. The  dark  forests  of  pine  that  clothe  the  summits 
sweep  down  to  the  very  brink  of  the  river  in  scattering 
groves  on  both  sides.  Such  is  a  general  plan  of  the 
place,  but  it  is  hardly  possible  to  convey  in  words  a 
picture  of  the  impressive  grandeur  of  the  scene. 

"There  are  those  to  whom  such  a  scene  is  the  very 
abomination  of  desolation,  nothing  present  that  is  not 
savage  and  inhospitable.  But  to  a  keen  eye  it  has  mani- 
fold attractions.  From  the  summit  the  crags  and  slopes 
tower  upwards  in  endless  variety  and  form  with  the 
weirdest  mingling  of  colors.  Much  of  the  granite  rock, 
especially  the  crumbling  slopes,  was  of  a  sparkling 
white  chat  dazzled  the  eyes,  and  through  this  ground- 
work harder  masses  of  dull  scarlet,  merging  into  crag- 
gy knolls  and  pinnacles,  shot  up  in  vertical  walls.  In 
the  sunlight  of  early,  morning  the  canyon  is  a  blaze  of 
strange  and  ever  changing  color  as  the  shadows  recede 
from  the  scarred  fronts  of  yellow,  red  and  black,  and 
become  illumined  with  the  bright  rays  of  the  strength- 
ening sun.  And  above  all  lie  the  dark  folds  of  pine, 
sweeping  along  the  crests  of  the  precipices  which  they 
crown  with  a  rim  of  sombre  green,  while  far  away  in 
the  distant  perspective  is  an  endless  succession  of  rug- 
ged mountains,  priest-robed  in  the  snows  of  eternity, 
or  clothed  in  the  sombre  hues  of  the  forest.  There  may 
be  gorges  in  the  Yellowstone  or  Yosemite  of  far  more 
imposing  magnitude,  but  for  dimensions  large  enough 
to  be  profoundly  striking,  yet  not  too  vast  to  be  taken 
in  by  the  eyes  at  once,  for  infinite  changes  of  pictur- 
esque detail  and  for  brilliancy  and  variety  of  coloring, 
the  Salmon  river  canyon  is  as  striking  and  impressive 
as  any  in  America." 

The  mining  district  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of 
the  river  on  a  plateau  near  the  brink  of  the  canyon.  Its 
elevation  is  approximately  6,000  feet,  so  that  in  winter 
snow  falls  to  a  great  depth.  Lindgren  estimates  the 
total  production  of  the  camp  at  between  fifteen  and 
thirty  millions.  "The  production  from  July,  1868,  to 
July,  1869,"  he  says,  "had  already  sunk  to  $200,000 ; 
during  1871,  only  $100,000  were  produced;  during 
1872,  $78,000.  From  this  date  the  camp  is  rarely  men- 
tioned in  the  mint  reports,  and  during  many  years  the 
Chinese  were  in  undisturbed  possession,  washing  old 
tailings.  The  report  of  1881  estimates  the  production 
at  $45,000;  in  1882,  it  was  $35,000;  in  1884,  $40,000; 
in  1885,,  $44,093  of  gold  and  $803  of  silver;  in  1887, 


$38,449  of  gold  and  $1,551  of  silver.  Soon  after  the 
camp  became  practically  "deserted. 

"While  it  was  recognized  at  an  early  date  that  the 
gold  was  derived  from  quartz  veins,  these  were  con- 
sidered of  little  value.  The  only  quartz  vein  mentioned 
in  the  old  reports  was  the  Harpster  and  Little,  located 
four  miles  from  Florence  on  the  brink  of  the  Salmon 
river.  This  was  a  silver  vein  containing  practically  no 
gold.  In  1896  ami  1897  quartz  mining  received  a  great 
impetus.  Prospecting  showed  the  presence  of  very 
many  veins  and  the  district  was  soon  covered  by  loca- 
tions ;  several  mills  were  erected  and  the  population  in- 
creased to  about  1,000." 

The  mining  revival  in  the  district  resulted  not  alone 
in  the  building  of  mills  and  developing  of  quartz  pros- 
pects, but  in  some  attention  being  paid  to  placer  min- 
ing by  improved  modern  machinery.  Thus  in  the  fall 
of  1898,  a  dredge  of  the  dipper  variety  with  a  daily 
capacity  of  2,000  yards,  was  instituted  by  the  Bucyrus 
Dredge  Company,  of  Milwaukee,  at  a  cost  of  $50,000. 
It  was  operated  during  two  seasons  but  did  not  do  its 
work  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

The  district  furnishes  a  complicated  system  of  gold- 
bearing  quartz  veins,  upon  which  in  1897  and  1898, 
several  hundred  claims  were  filed.  Assay  values  are 
said  to  range  from  $18  to  $50.  The  Hi  Yu  vein  on 
Sand  creek  is  a  ledge  two  to  four  feet  wide  and  is  said 
by  Lindgren  to  consist  of  quartz  seams  separated  by 
altered  granite,  which  yield  gold  valued  at  $14  an 
ounce.  The  vein,  he  says,  was  worked  as  early  as  1872 
and  in  1897  it  had  been  developed  by  a  drift  175  feet 
long.  A  new  mill  was  erected  in  1898,  and  worked 
continuously  for  a  while,  but  we  are  informed  that  the 

A  quarter  of  a  mile  southeast  of  the  Hi  Yu  on  the 
south  branch  of  Black  Sand  creek  is  the  Banner  vein,  a 
"vein  of  glassy,  pure  quartz  up  to  six  feet  thick,  though 
ordinarily  much  less,  said  to  go  $50  per  ton  and  to  con- 
tain 2.y2  ounces  gold,  six  to  seven  ounces  silver,  very 
little  pyrite.  Some  of  the  altered  granite  is  also  said 
to  be  as  rich  as  the  quartz.  Several  minor  faults  cross 
the  vein,  causing  it  to  diverge  locally  from  its  course." 
A  Huntington  mill  was  in  course  of  erection  in  1897 
at  the  time  of  Lindgren's  visit.  It  burned  in  1899.  The 
mine  was  patented  and  allowed  to  fill  with  water  and 
remain  idle  until  1901,  when  it  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Spokane.  John  M.  Her- 
man, of  Moscow,  organized  the  Florence  Gold  Mining 
Company  for  its  operation,  and  in  1902  built  and 
equipped  two  Hnntington  mills,  also  fitted  up  the  mine 
completely,  the  aggregate  expenditure  in  this  manner 
being  $20,000.  It  is  said  that  the  underground  work- 
ings measure  unitedly  1,200  feet.  The  mine  closed 
down  last  spring  and  is  at  present  in  litigation. 

'  The  Gold  Bug  vein,  located  a  short  distance  south 
of  the  Banner,  belongs  to  the  Banner  group.  It  has 
been  opened  by  means  of  a  tunnel,  and  it  is  stated  that 
from  it  and  the  Banner,  the  old  Banner  company  ex- 
tracted $50,000  worth  of  ore.  The  Blossom  vein  is 
situated  we'st  of  old  Florence.  It  consists  of  altered 
granite  alternating  with  quartz  veins  of  varying  thick- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ness.  'This  ledge,"  says  the  government  report,  "is 
confined  between  thin  layers  of  soft  clayey  material, 
separating  it  from  the  hard  country  rock.  Free  mill- 
ing gold  is  said  to  occur  in  the  altered  granite  and  the 
clay_talc,  so  called, — as  well  as  in  the  quartz.  A  con- 
siderable amount  of  gold  was  obtained  from  this  mine 
in  early  days  by  means  of  crushing  in  mortars.  The 
Blossom  is  said  "to  be  one  of  the  most  persistent  veins  of 
the  camp,  and  it  can  be  followed  for  a  considerable  dis- 
tance. The  vein  is  developed  by  a  shaft  following  it 
and  reaching  to  a  depth  of  1 10  feet  from  the  surface. 
The  shaft  extends  58  feet  below  the  tunnel,  which  is 
220  feet  in  length."  A  Huntington  mill  was  erected  on 
this  property  in  1897  by  the  Blossom  Mining  and  Mill- 
ing Company.  It  was  never  operated,  however,  and  in 
1901  became  the  property  of  J.  M.  Herman.  The  mine 
was  relocated  in  the  summer  of  1902  by  Walter  Bennett 
of  Florence. 

The  Ozark  vein  is  located  near  the  head  of  Gold 
Lake  creek,  a  tributary  of  Slate  creek,  at  a  point  about 
a  mile  from  old  Florence.  The  government  report  on 
it  says:  "The  deposits  consist  of  one  principal  vein 
averaging  18  inches  in  thickness  and  striking  south 
84  degrees  east.  A  smaller  vein,  averaging  a  foot  in 
width  joins  the  former  vein  at  an  acute  angle,  having 
a  strike  north  of  88  degrees  east.  A  number  of  smaller 

cuts  off  the  second  as  well  as  its  parallel  stringers.  In 
all,  these  stringers  form  a  zone  up  to  50  feet  wide, 
which  is  said  to  contain  enough  to  be  milled  with  profit. 
The  quartz  is  of  the  ordinary  glassy  kind,  seemingly 
characteristic  of  this  camp.  It  contains  but  little  sul- 
phurets  and  shows  excellent  comb  structure.  Some 
of  the  altered  granite  along  the  stringers  carries  free 
gold  and  is  crushed  with  the  quartz.  The  mine  is  de- 
veloped by  two  tunnels  600  feet  long,  cutting  the  seam 
obliquely  and  striking-  about  north  62  degrees  east. 
A  five-stamp  mill  reduces  the  ore.  The  Ozark  was  in 
1897  the  only  producing  mine,  with  the  exception  of  a 
small  quantity  milled  at  the  Hi  Yu."  It  is,  however, 
stated  that  the  mine  has  not  produced  any  since  1897 
and  is  idle  at  present.  Its  owner  is  M.  J.  Shields,  of 

About  a  mile  west  of  Florence  is  the  Waverly,  a 
vein  of  something  near  twelve  feet  width.  The  develop- 
ments reported  in  1897  consisted  of  a  shaft  116  feet 
deep.  J.  M.  Herman,  we  are  informed,  took  an  option 
on  it  in  1898  and  expended  $3,000,  but  gave  it  back  to 
its  original  owners  because  he  could  not  keep  the  water 
out  of  the  workings.  It  is  said  to  be  very  rich.  It  is 
now  the  property  of  the  Waverly  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany, a  Moscow  corporation,  who  are  not  operating  it 
at  present.  There  is  a  two-stamp  mill  on  the  property. 

The  Poorman  vein,  three  miles  southwest  of  Flor- 
ence, was  in  1897  reported  to  have  been  developed  by 
a  shaft  120  feet  deep  and  a  tunnel,  also  to  consist  of 
quartz  similar  to  that  of  the  other  mines  of  the  district 
except  that  ruby  silver  and  horn  silver  were  present.  A 
five-stamp  mill  was  erected  on  this  property  in  1897, 
and  run  a  few  hours,  after  which  the  mine  shut  down 
and  the  mill  was  sold  to  the  Little  Giant  Company,  of 
Warren. 


ediu 


•theo 


It 


the  vein  is  the  richest  in  the  , 

$100  and  upwards. 

The  Gilt  Edge,  adjoining  Florence  on  the  east,  has 
been  developed  by  a  shaft  200  feet  deep.  A  new  steam 
hoist  was  installed  last  summer,  and  the  Gilt  Edge 
Gold  Mining  Company,  recently  organized  by  R.  J. 
McLean,  of  Mount  Idaho,  is  engaged  in  extending  its 
shafts  and  is  drifting.  The  ore  is  said  to  assay  from 
$<;o  to  $70,  free  gold. 

".  The  Bullion,  of  which  Henry  Wax,  of  Grangeville, 
is  the  present  owner,  was  opened  as  much  as  a  quarter 
of  a  century  ago.  It  was  formerly  the  property  of  S. 
S.  Fenn,  who  used  to  have  its  rich  "ore  packed  to  a  rail- 
road and  shipped.  It  is  a  silver  proposition.  Six  or 
seven  hundred  feet  of  development  work  have  been 
clone  on  it.  It  lies  eight  miles  southeast  of  Florence. 

The  Whatcheer  vein,  seven  miles  south  of  Florence 
and  two  west  of  the  Bullion,  is  now  owned  by  the 
Whatcheer  Mining  Company  of  Pullman,  Washington. 
The  vein  is  said  to  be  from  one  to  three  feet  in  thick-  , 
ness  and  the  development  work  to  aggregate  six  hun- 
dred feet.  Other  valuable  veins  are  the  Yakima,  four 
miles  south  of  town,  owned  by  Flint  &  Reed,  of  Grange- 
ville ;  Snowshoe,  near  it,  the  property  of  W.  A.  Bennett 
and  George  Connor  ;  the  Coupon  and  the  Caudeleria, 
owned  by  R.  J.  McLean,  and  the  Anderson  Brothers' 
mines,  a  large  group,  the  gold  bearing  ore  from  which, 
it  is  said,  is  soon  to  be  treated  in  a  2O-ton  mill.  The 
great  drawback  to  mining  in  the  district  is  the  presence 
of  water  in  such  quantities  as  to  flood  the  workings. 
Until  this  is  drained  off  not  much  progress  can  be 

On  the  south  side  of  the  Salmon  river  canyon  about 
twentyrseven  miles  from  Florence  in  a  southeasterly  di- 
rection is  Die  Warren  mining  district,  the  story  of  the 
discovery  of  which,  with  its  early  history,  has  "been  re- 
lated heretofore.  It  is  one  of  the  two  or  three  camps 
in  Idaho  county  which  have  been  noticed  in  recent 
geological  publications,  and  concerning  it  Lindgren's 
report  has  this  to  say  : 

"Warren  is  one  of  the  least  accessible  mining 
camps  in  the  west,  being  about  one  hundred  and  thirty 
miles  by  wagon  road  from  the  nearest  railroad.  In 
consequence  of  this,  as  well  as  of  the  short  season  and 
bad  roads,  expenses  of  mining  are  necessarily  high. 
The  road  from  Weiser,  after  leaving  the  plateau  of  the 
Columbia  lava  at  Payette  lake,  continues  up  the  nar- 
row canyon  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  Payette  until,  at 
an  elevation  of  6,300  feet,  it  crosses  the  low  and 
swampy  divide  between  the  Salmon  and  Payette 
" 


poin 


the 


cha 


of   the 


ntry 


changes.  Down  toward  the  brink  of  the  Salm 
canyon  extends  a  heavily  forested  area  of  compara- 
tively gentle  relief.  The'  road  at  first  follows  the  val- 
ley of  Secesh  creek,  which  has  a  most  remarkable 
course,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  map.  Rising  only  a 
few  miles  from  the  great  can  von  of  the  Salmon,  it 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


runs  in  a  southeasterly  direction,  and  finally,  thirty- 
five  miles  from  its  head,  empties  into  the  south  fork  of 
the  Salmon  river,  which  again  empties  into  the  main 
river  fifteen  miles  northeast  of  Warren.  This  peculiar 
course  indicates  clearly  that  the  plateau  and  its  drain- 
age, to  the  south  fork  of  the  Salmon  river,  are  of  great 
antiquity  compared  with  the  latter.  The  road,  leav- 
ing Secesh  valley,  crosses  a  ridge  and  descends  into 
the  drainage  of  Meadow  creek,  near  the  head  of  which 
Warren  is"  located.  The  character  of  the  topography 
about  Warren  is  the  same  as  that  of  Secesh  valley. 
Gently  sloping  ridges  rise  to  about  a  thousand  feet 
above'  the  valley,  and  a  forest  of  black  pine  covers 
everything.  The  bottoms  of  the  creeks  and  streams 
are  covered  with  gravel  to  a  considerable  depth,  and 
near  the  divides  little  marshes  are  common.  A  few 
miles  north  of  Warren  the  country  slopes  precipitously 
towards  the  Salmon  river." 

Warren  has  the  distinction,  notwithstanding  its 
remoteness  from  transportation  facilities,  of  being  the 
first  of  the  old  placer  camps  in  which  any  considerable 
attention  was  devoted  to  quartz  mining.  Thus  Prof. 
Lindgren.  deriving  his  information  from  the  Ray- 
mond and  mint  reports,  tells  us  that  in  1869  the  prin- 
cipal gold  and  silver  veins  were  known,  that  the  Res- 
cue yielded  $13,000  and  was  developed  by  a  shaft  one 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  deep ;  that  in  1870  the  quartz 
mines  were  averaging  $50.00  per  ton  while  the  placer 
mines  averaged  $5.90  per  day  per  man  during  four 
months;  that  in  1871,  1,500  tons  of  ore  were  ex- 
tracted, averaging  $37.00 ;  that  from  the  quartz  mines 
up  to  that  date  $  125 ,000  had  been  extracted  and  'that 
two  hundred  and  fifty  recorded  claims  were  known.  "In 


the 


"the  gold  \ 


of  Re< 


cue,  Charity,  Sampson  and  Keystone  were  worked; 
of  gold-silver  veins,  Martinace,  Hunt  and  Washing- 
ton. In  1873  Rescue  and  Charity  were  worked.  In 
1874  Rescue  was  idle.  In  1875  the  placers  were  near- 
ly exhausted.  Of  the  quartz  mines  the  following 
were  worked:  Hie  Jacet,  Keystone,  Knott,  Scott,  Al- 
<ier,  Rescue  and  Sampson.  In  1881  the  same  mines 
and  several  more  were  worked  with  good  results.  In 
1882  the  Charity,  Tramp  and  Knott  quartz  veins  were 
operated.  In  1884  the  Tramp,  Knott  and  Little 
Giant  were  worked.  In  1897  the  Little  Giant  and 
Goodenough  were  worked  and  many  others  pros- 
pected;  placer  mining  by  steam  shovel  was  in  pro- 
gress one  mile  below  Warren.  In  1898  the  Little 
Giant  and  Goodenough  were  worked.  A  ten-stamp 
mill  had  been  erected  on  the  lola  and  was  in  opera- 

The  largest  producer  of  the  Warren  district  is  the 
Little  Giant  vein,  situated  half  a  mile  south-south- 
east of  Warren  in  Smith  gulch.  The  ore  consists  of 
quartz,  containing  native  gold  of  a  rather  pale  color, 
also  small  quantities  of  tetrahedrite,  galena,  brown 
zinc  blende,  arsenopyrite  and  pyrite.  It  is  stated  in 
the  geological  report  on  the  mine  that  during  the 
fourteen  years  preceding  1897,  the  mine  produced 
1,665  tons  °f  ore>  which,  being  milled,  yielded  an 
average  of  $i  17  per  ton.  A  ten-stamp  mill  was  moved 
from  the  Poorman  mine  in  Florence  onto  this  prop- 


erty in  1900,  but  it  is  idle  now  as  the  vein  has  become 
involved  in  litigation.  Its  present  owners  are  the 
Idaho  Little  Giant  Mining  Company  of  Grangeville. 

The  Rescue  is  said  to  be  the  oldest  quartz  mine  in 
north  Idaho.  Its  vein  extends  at  least  half  a  mile,  and 
upon  it  are  located  the  Idaho,  Goodenough  and  West 
Goodenough.  Lindgren's  report  credits  it  with  a 
production,  in  all  the  years  during  which  it  has  been 
worked  since  1868,  of  between  $100,000  and  $150,000. 
It  was  idle  in  1897,  owing  to  its  having  become  sub- 
ject of  litigation,  and  it  is  idle  at  present.  "Where 
examined,"  says  the  government  report,  "the  vein 
forms  a  belt  of  crushed  granite  one  and  one-half  to 
two  feet  wide,  schistose  in  places  and  containing  small 
veinlets  of  quartz  inclosing  minute  foils  of  free  gold, 
together  with  a  little  zinc  blende,  galena  and  probably 
also  tetrahedrite.  The  average  width  of  the  vein  is 
said  to  be  three  feet,  of  which  about  eighteen  inches 
constitutes  the  pay  streak.  In  thin  sections  the  quartz 
proves  to  be  entirely  normal,  well  crystallized  vein 
quartz.  The  yield  of  ore  is  from  $20  to  $50  per  ton. 
The  vein  is  (1897)  opened  near  the  creek  by  a  cross- 
cut 475  feet  long.  Drifts  extend  300  feet  east  and 
(TOO  feet  west  on  the  vein.  East  of  the  crosscut  the 
vein  has  been  stopped  to  surface  and  also  for  fifty 
feet  below  the  drift,  while  on  the  west  side  but  little 
stopping  has  been  done."  On  the  property  is  a  ten- 
stamp  mill,  operated  by  steam.  The  mine  is  inactive 
at  present. 

The  Goodenough  vein  is  said  to  consist  of  solid 
quartz,  two  to  eight  inches  wide,  with  well  defined 
walls.  It  is  a  high  grade  property,  with  zinc  blende, 
pyrite  and  ruby  silver  present.  Like  the  other  prop- 
erties of  the  company,  it  is  inoperative  at  present. 
Other  veins  are  the  Charity,  developed  by  two  tun- 
nels, the  Knott,  one  of  the  earliest  discoveries,  de- 
veloped by  three  tunnels,  the  Tramp,  Hie  Jacet,  Dela- 
ware, Blue  Bird,  Bull  Dog,  some  of  which  have  been 
somewhat  developed,  the  Martinez,  Keystone  and 
Hunt;  the  Hawkeye  and  Washington,  the  Arlise,  the 
Lucky  Ben  and  the  Scott ;  the  lola,  on  which  a  ten- 
stamp  mill  was  erected  in  1898,  and  the  Beamish. 
The  Silver  King  is  the  only  mine  in  the  district  in 
operation,  all  the  others,  for  some  reason,  being  in  a 
state  of  suspended  animation  at  this  time.  It  is  being 
worked  by  the  Silver  King  Mining  and  Milling  Com- 
pany, of  which  Amber  Stewart  is  manager.  A  ten- 
stamp  Frasier  &  Chalmer  mill  treats  its  ore  and  it  has 
two  Wilfley  concentrators.  Its  deepest  tunnel  taps  the 
vein  at  a  depth  of  300  feet. 

While  Warren  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  steadiest  of  the 
old  camps,  it  is  experiencing  a  period  of  industrial 
quiet  at  present,  no  doubt  owing  in  part  at  least  to 
the  Buffalo  Hump  and  Thunder  Mountain  excite- 
ments. It  is  said  that  the  district  is  characterized  by 
rhe  fact  that  rich  float  is  frequently  found  and  rich 
surface  showings  which  show  a  tendency  to  "pinch 
out"  as  greater  depth  is  attained. 

The  Marshall  Lake  mining  district,  northwest  of 
Warren  and  south-east  of  Florence,  is  the  new- 
est and  one  of  the  most  promising  in  Idaho  county. 
As  yet  but  litle  development  work  has  been  done  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


owing  to  the  character  of  the  region  and  the  compo- 
sition of  the  ores,  this  district  must  be  slow  in  coming 
forward,  although  its  future  appears  to  be  a  very 
bright  one.  Since  the  discovery  of  the  first  mines 
here  over  four  hundred  claims  have  been  located  and 
more  than  twenty  different  veins  have  been  uncovered, 
all  of  which  prospect  well. 

The  topography  of  this  region  is  that  character- 

I  istic  of  the  upper  Salmon  river,  high,  timbered  ranges 

or   divides    separated    by    narrow,    abyssmal    canyons 

thousands  of  feet  in  depth.     With  the  exception  of 

I  the  state  wagon  road  which  crosses  the  Salmon  at  the 

}  mouth  of  French  creek,  follows  this  creek  for  several 

'   miles    and    then    crosses    the    divide    onto    Lake    and 

|  Secesh  creeks,  thence  to  the   Salmon  meadows,  the 

I  country  can  be  traveled  over  only  by  tortuous  trails 

which  climb  precipitous  slopes  and  dip  down  into  deep 

•  canyons  across  the  roughest  of  ground.     At  French 

-  creek  the  Salmon  is  about  2,700  feet  in  altitude.     Six 
.    miles  from  the  river  on  either  side,  on  the  north  and 

the  south,  the  divides  rise  to  a  height  of  8,000  feet, 
while  numerous  raging  mountain  torrents  leap  down 
;    from  these  lofty  ridges  through  short,  dark  and  deep 
;   -canyons  to  the  mighty  stream  below.     The  northern 
[    slopes  of  these  divides  are  heavily  timbered  with  fir 
and   tamarack  large  enough  in   size   for  mining  and 
building  uses,  while  a  sparser  growth  covers  the  can- 
yons to  the  water's  edge.     Beneath  the  roots  of  this 
wild   forest  lies  the  mineral  wealth  which  some  day 
will  be  taken  from  nature's  hidden  storehouse  and  dis- 

The  principal  portion  of  the  Marshall  Lake  dis- 
trict lies  on  the  precipitous  northern  slope  of  the  high 
!  Salmon  river-Lake  creek  divide,  between  French 
creek  on  the  west  and  California  creek  on  the  east,  al- 
though many  good  prospects  have  been  found  and 
several  placers  are  in  operation  across  this  divide  on 
Lake  creek  and  Marshall  lake.  The  official  southern 
"boundary  of  the  district  is  described  as  a  line  running 
from  the  western  prong  of  California  creek  near  Burg- 
dorf's  warm  springs  westward  to  French  creek.  The 
mineral  zone  is  perhaps  twelve  miles  wide  and,  so  far 

ning  parallel  with  the  Salmon  and  at  right  angles  with 
the  smaller  breaks  or  canyons.  However,  it  would  be 
-erroneous  to  assume  that  the  district  thus  described 

»  embraces  the  entire  mineralized  section,  for  every 
veteran  prospector  knows  that  the  whole  interior  re- 

i  -gion  is  mineralized  and  that  color  can  be  found  any- 
where in  central  Idaho.  French  creek  is  a  stream 
carrying  fully  2,=;oo  miner's  inches  of  water  in  mid- 
summer and  possesses  a  tremendous  fall.  This  creek 

[  is  well  favored,  at  its  lower  end.  with  excellent  mill 
sites  and  is  said  to  be  the  best  stream  in  that  region 
for  power  purposes.  California  creek  heads  on  the 
Lake  creek  divide  and  empties  into  the  Salmon  eight- 
een miles  above  French  creek,  which  is  the  larger 
stream.  Between  these  flow  Maxwell,  Carey,  Long 
Tom,  Fall  and  Bear  creeks,  on  the  last  of  which  are 
a  majority  of  the  claims  in  the  district  including  the 
•developed  properties.  Bear  creek  is  a  very  small 
stream  not  more  than  large  enough  to  run  a  ten- 


stamp  mill.  Its  source  is  in  Twin  lakes,  two  small 
bodies  of  water  covering  perhaps  ten  acres  each. 
They  lie,  one  below  the  other,  just  across  the  summit 
of  the  Lake  creek  divide  and  on  the  Salmon  river 
slope  at  an  altitude  of  about  8,000  feet.  There  are  no 
fish  in  their  waters  and  except  for  a  short  time  dur- 
ing the  summer,  their  surfaces  are  frozen  and  cover- 
ed with  snow.  Each  has  an  outlet  and  the  two 
streams  draining  the  lakes  form  a  junction  two  miles 
lower  down,  creating  Bear  creek.  Two  miles  west  of 
Twin  lakes  and  across  the  divide  at  an  altitude  nearly 
two  thousand  feet  lower,  is  Marshall  lake,  from  which 
this  district  receives  its  name.  This  body  of  water  is 
a  mile  long  and  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide  and  heads  in 
•a  deep  basin  directly  under  the  crest  of  the  divide. 
This  body  of  water  is  the  source  of  Lake  creek,  which 
courses  through  a  beautiful  stretch  of  meadows  ex- 
tending many  miles  along  Secesh  creek,  into  which  the 
former  stream  flows.  George.  H.  Connor,  who  is  our 
principal  authority  on  the  Marshall  Lake  district,  es- 
timates that  fully  40,000  acres  are  embraced  in  this 
fertile,  natural  meadow  and  says  that,  besides  Fred 
Burgdorf,  many  others  have  already  turned  their  stock 
in  upon  its  luxurious  grasses.  The  waters  of  the  lake 
and  streams  are  of  crystal  clearness.  They  are  the 
delight  of  millions  of  trout  which  every  year  come  into 
the  mountains  from  the  south  fork  of  the  Salmon 
river  into  which  Secesh  creek  flows. 

The  snows  are  almost  perpetual  on  the  summit  of 
the  Lake  creek  divide,  where  the  altitude  is  close  to 
8,300  feet,  so  naturally  these  higher  regions  are  ac- 
cessible to  the  prospector  for  only  a  short  portion  of 
the  year.  Lower  down,  near  the  Salmon,  it  is  possi- 
ble to  carry  on  work  for  several  months  each  sea- 
son if  not  all  winter.  Florence  is  the  nearest  post- 
office  to  the  mines  on  the  Salmon  river  slope  and  War- 
ren is  the  trading  point  and  postoffice  of  those  who 
live  near  the  top  of  or  across  the  divide. 

As  heretofore  stated,  the  principal  mines  lie  on 
Bear  creek.  Here  it  was  that  the  first  discoveries 
were  made  during  the  summer  of  1898  by  two  pros- 
pectors, Isaac  Maxwell  and  a  man  named  McKibbon. 
Late  in  the  season  these  two  men  opened  a  rich  vein 
between  Twin  lakes  and  the  top  of  the  divide.  Speci- 
mens from  it  assayed  as  high  as  $19,000,  though  the 
general  average  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  $100.  The 
gold  was  free  milling  and  was  found  between  alter- 
nating walls  of  schist  and  granite.  Maxwell  and  Mc- 
Kibbon did  the  necessary  assessment  work  on  the  four 
claims  taken,  which  they  named  the  Mountain  Chief 
group,  then  sold  the  property  forthwith  to  Charles 
Sweeney,  of  Spokane,  its  present  owner.  Sweeney 
kept  up"  the  assessment  work  and  that  is  all.  The  dis- 
covery was  not  heralded  abroad  and  elicited  little  gen- 
eral interest.  During  the  summer  of  1900.  however, 
A.  A.  Fasten  and  D.  L.  Roy  went  into  the  region  and 
located  the  Kimberley  group  of  four  claims.  They 
sank  a  fifty  foot  shaft  on  the  Kimberley 
and  struck  a  rich  lead,  sixteen  inches  wide, 
assaying  $125.00.  This  was  in  September. 
The  following  May  they  located  four  more  claims  three 
miles  down  the  canyon,  at  an  altitude  of  about 


442 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


4,000  feet.  This  group  they  named  the  Jewel. 
Three  ledges  were  uncovered,  the  Jewel,  the  Mult- 
nomah  and  the  Bailorr.  The  Jewel  vein  is  eighteen 
inches  wide  and  assays  $75 ;  the  Multnomah,  a  three 
foot  lead,  assays  perhaps  $40;  while  the  Bellorr  vein 
is  about  twenty  inches  wide  and  carries  values  lower 
than  the  Multnomah.  At  present  a  one  hundred  and 
twenty  foot  tunnel  taps  the  Jewel  ledge;  the  Multno- 
mah is  opened  by  several  surface  cuts  and  on  the 
Bellorr  thirty  feet  of  tunneling  has  been  constructed. 
In  1901  a  small  sampling  mill  was  erected  on  the 
Jewel  group  and  the  ores  of  these  veins  and  those  at 
the  lakes  were  thoroughly  tested  by  the  owners.  James 
L.  Hill,  of  New  York  city,  purchased  both  the  Kim- 
berley  and  Jewel  groups  in  February,  1903,  for  $65,- 
ooo.  Besides  Easton  and  Roy,  the  original  locators 
of  the  properties,  three  others,  George  H.  Connor,  J. 
G.  Wright  and  William  A.  Scott,  as  equal  partners 
with  the  locators,  received  shares  of  this  money,  they 
having  furnished  the  grubstake.  Mr.  Hill  expects  to 
install  a  ten-stamp  mill  on  the  Jewel  ledge  as  soon  as 
roads  can  be  built  into  the  district. 

Besides  these  properties  several  other  excellent 
prospects  have  been  opened,  all  of  which  promise 
well.  Most  of  them  lie  on  Bear  creek  and  the  high 
ridges  on  each  side,  and  as  before  stated,  the  veins 
run  at  right  angles  to  the  canyons  of  these  creeks. 
Generally  speaking  the  veins  dip  about  eighty  degrees. 
They  carry  sulphides  of  iron,  galena,  zinc  and  gold, 
and  from  forty  per  cent,  to  eighty  per  cent,  of  the 
values  may  be  secured  by  milling.  The  remaining 
concentrates  are  rich,  but  will  require  smelting. 

Other  slightly  developed  claims  of  the  district  are 
the  Mineral  King  and  Richmond,  owned  by  Rufus  A. 
Hendricks,  which  lie  three-quarters  of  a  mile  south  of 
the  Jewel  group  and  on  which  a  two  foot  vein  has  been 
opened/and  the  Crescus,  owned  by  J.  W.  Turnbull, 
which  lies  a  little  farther  up  the  creek  and  has  an 
eighteen  inch  vein.  The  western  slope  of  Bear  creek 
canyon  is  known  as  Treasure  Hill  and  the  most  prom- 
inent property  in  this  locality  is  the  Treasure  Hill 
group,  owned  by  Turnbull,  Penny  and  O'Kane,  of 
Grangeville.  This  vein  is  fully  three  feet  wide  and 
assays  close  to  a  hundred  dollars.  The  owners  are 
now  busily  engaged  in  further  developing  their  prop- 
erty. There  are  numerous  other  properties  in  the  dis- 
trict, most  of  them  but  little  developed  as  yet. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Thunder  Mountain  mining  dis- 
trict is  not  yet  out  of  the  "boom"  period  it  is  difficult 
to  get  accurate  information  concerning  it.  No  geo- 
logical reports  upon  it  are  as  yet  available  and  many 
of  the  newspapers  notices  of  the  country  fail  to  elicit 
confidence  in  their  authenticity  from  the  fact  that  their 
representations — though  they  may  be  true — seem  not 
conservative  enough  for  full  credence.  At  this  sea- 
son of  the  year  it  is  impossible  to  visit  the  district  in 
person,  but  from  the  accounts  of  reliable  mining  men, 
we  are  convinced  that  it  is  one  of  great  merit  and  must 
win  a  place  among  the  leading  mineral  producing  re- 
gions of  the  United  States.  It  is  situated  in  south- 
eastern Idaho  county,  and  consists  of  a  territory  said 
to  be  about  forty  miles  in  length  by  thirty-five  in 


width  and  embraced  within  the  following  boundaries, 
namely,  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Salmon  river  on  the 
east ;  the  Big  creek,  Elk  creek  divide  on  the  west,  the 
Big  creek-Salmon  river  divide  on  the  north  and  a  cer- 
tain broken  line  running  through  a  yellow  pine  basin 
on  the  south.  Heavy  bull  pine,  black  pine  and  red 
fir  forests  cover  most  of  the  region.  The  western 
side  is  quite  open,  but  from  Marble  creek  to  the  Middle 
Fork  heavy'  forests  obtain,  increasing  in  density  as 
one  proceeds  east.  High,  bald  hills,  timber  covered 
peaks,  and  box  canyons  characterize  the  country, 
which,  in  general,  is  of  a  very  rugged  topography. 
The  Middle  Fork  for  some  distance  traverses  a  deep 
gorge,  marked  "Impassable  Canyon"  -on  Rand,  Mc- 
Nally  &  Company's  map.  Little  is  known  of  its 
character,  although  it  is  possible  to  get  down  to  the 
water's  edge  in  places  from  either  side,  the  difficulty 
being  that  the  passes  on  the  east  and  west  do  not  meet 
each  other.  It  is  stated  that  a  number  have  lost  their 
lives  in  attempting  to  go  through  the  canyon  in  float- 
ing craft. 

In  the  Thunder  Mountain  region  the  highest  moun- 
tains are  clothed  perennially  on  their  north  sides  with 

the  high  timbered  divide  separating  the  waters  of 
Marble  from  those  of  Monumental  creek.  It  is  about 
thirty-five  miles  long  and  the  summit  of  its  upper 
plateau  is  covered  with  a  dense  forest.  It  has  been 
so-called  because  of  meteorological  conditions  ob- 
seved  there.  Prospectors  tell  us  that  in  thunder  storms, 
the  heavy  detonations  are  echoed  and  re-echoed  until 
the  effect  is  terrific,  causing  the  earth  to  tremble  un- 
der one's  feet  as  if  disturbed  by  seismic  forces. 

Those  going  into  the  district  must  approach  by 
one  of  the  three  principal  routes,  first,  the  Boise  trail, 
entering  Idaho  county  through  Bear  valley,  crossing^ 
the  divide  to  Monumental  creek  and  thence  to  Roose- 
velt; second,  the  Warren  trail,  leading  from  Warren 
eastward  to  Shaver's  ranch,  thence  across  the  South 
Fork,  thence  up  the  river  to  the  mouth  of  Elk  creekr 
thence  up  that  stream  to  the  summit,  thence  via  Smith, 
Big  and  Monumental  creeks  to  Roosevelt,  total  dis- 
tance from  Warren,  eighty  miles ;  third,  the  trail  from- 
Salmon  City,  which  crosses  the  Middle  Fork  eight - 
miles  above  the  ranch  of  Newton  Hibbs,  thence  over 
the  divide  westward  to  Marble  creek,  up  that  fifteen 
miles  to  Marble  City,  thence  due  west  over  the  divide 
to  Roosevelt:  total"  distance  from  Salmon  City,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  miles. 

Writers  upon  the  Thunder  Mountain  mining  dis- 
trict have  almost  universally  avoided  a  discussion  of  its 
geology,  stating  that  it  is  too  complex  to  be  described 
except  after  exhaustive  and  careful  research.  It  is 
known,  however,  that  basalt  and  granite  abound.  The 
formation  was  not  such  as  to  lead  prospectors  to  expect 
mineral  in  paying  quantities  and  for  this  reason  the 
region  was  long  neglected.  It  is  stated  that  the  ores 
appear  to  have  been  scorched,  showing  the  effect  of 
volcanic  action. 

"In  Thunder  Mountain/'"  wrote  E.  M.  Reed  in  the 
Spokesman  Review,  "the  formation  is  volcanic  and  the 
predominating  rock  is  ryolite  of  a  light  color.  The 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


dyke  or  reef  on  which  the  Dewey  and  other  claims  have 
been  located  has  been  compared  with  the  wonderful 
Rand  reef  in  the  Transvaal  and  is  strongly  suggestive 
of  Colorado.  The  ryolite  reef  is  well  marked  on  either 

|  side  by  walls  of  birdseye  porphyry  and  an  occasional 
cropping  of  barrolt.  The  reef  extends  northeast  and 
southwest  and  the  gold  pan  test  will  show  color  any- 

t  where,  while  sample  pans  have  produced  as  high  as 
ten  dollars.  Five  hundred  dollars  have  been  taken  out 

£  in  four  days  with  one  of  the  old  fashioned  rockers,  but 
the  average  yield  is  very  much  less." 

In  an  article  published  by    the    Boise    Statesman, 

iZenas  N.  Vaughn,  C.  E.,  had  this  to  say  about  the 
Thunder  Mountain  country: 

"First  I  will  say  a  word  about  the  geology.  Were 
I  disposed  to  verify  the  adage  that  'Fools  rush  in  where 
angels  fear  to  tread'  I  might  enter  into  a  lengthy  scien- 

t  tine  discussion  of  this  phase  of  the  subject.     I  shall 

|  be  brief  but  I  hope  to'  dispel  one  illusion.     Thunder 

[  Mountain  is  not  all  porphyry.    It  has  a  goodly  sprink- 

I  ling  of  it,  to  be  sure,  but  there  is  room  there  for  almost 
everything  and  almost  everything  is  there. 

"I  entered  the  district  from  the  Sea  Foam  side.  Up 
to  a  certain  point  everything  had  been  granite.  The 

i1  Sea  Foam  country  is  granite,  though  it  has  immense 
upheavels  of  eruptive  rock.  A  short  distance  north  of 
the  Middle  Fork  of  Salmon  river  the  granite  is  replaced 

;  by  porphyry  formations.  Notwithstanding  this,  within 
ten  miles  of  the  Dewey  mine  there  are  large  areas  of 

I  granite  which  carry  huge  ledges  of  quartz.  This  is 
pre-eminently  true  of  the  rock  along  the  southwest  fork 

I  of  the  Monumental.  In  some  places  the  formations  are 
very  complicated.  There  are  areas  of  granite,  bird's- 
eye  porphyry,  quartz  porphyry,  quartzite,  diorite,  phono- 

i  lite,  and  serpentine  mixed  up  in  bewildering  confusion. 
Perhaps  the  most  common  rock  in  Thunder  Mountain 
is  a  sort  of  phonolite  that  splits  up  into  characteristic 
slabs. 

Close  to  Roosevelt  the  structures  are  either  por- 
phyry, phonolite  or  some  allied  eruptive  rock.  Ten 

>  miles  to  the  northward  the  geology  changes  and  the 
country  is  granite,  quartzite,  serpentine  or  quartz-por- 
phvry.  To  the  southward  of  Indian  creek  the  por- 
phyry is  replaced  by  a  very  beautiful  white  granite,  or 
in  some  places  gneiss,  which  holds  its  own  for  many 
miles.  To  the  eastward,  as  above  explained,  the  erup- 

\   tions  extend  well  nigh  to  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Sal- 

"Dangerous  as  it  to  do  so,  it  is  difficult  to  refrain 

•    from  theorizing  on  the  above    conditions.      There    is 

reason  to  believe,  however,  that  Thunder  Mountain  and 

I    the  contiguous  mountains  are  an  intrusion  of  volcanic 

'    rocks  into  an  area  of  prehistoric  granite.    Beyond  this 

it  is  not  safe  to  draw  conclusions. 

"The  mineralization  of  this  district  is  peculiar.    The 
I    ores,  though  go  widely  different  in  appearance  may  be 
[    grouped  under  two  general  heads.    The  first  one  is  the 
most  puzzling  and  the  one  which  has  awakened  such 
widespread  interest  in  the  district.    It  is  generally  called 
a  porphyry  or  a  talc  in  some  places.    While  there  un- 
doubtedly are  talcose  deposits,  these  ores  do  not  gener- 
ally seem,  at  least  to  the  writer,  to  be  either  porphyry 


or  talc,  but  a  sort  of  pulverized  quartz,  which  has  been 
cemented  into  a  coherent  mass  by  infiltration  of  waters 
holding  in  solution  oxide  of  iron  and  carbonates  of 
lime,  magnesia,  etc.  These  ores  vary  in  color  from 
snow  white  to  yellowish,  brownish  and  bluish. 

"The  second  class  is  quartz,  occurring  in  regular 
ledges,  generally  carrying  an  abundance  of  iron,  also 
carbonate  of  lime  and  magnesia,  with  flarite  and  other 
minerals.  Pyrites  of  iron  and  copper,  with  carbonate 
and  silicate  of  the  latter  metal,  are  very  common.  Gen- 
erally speaking,  the  quartz  ores  are  more  likely  to  be 
base"  and  the  conglomerate  ores  free,  though  there  are 
many  exceptions  on  both  sides  to  this  rule.  Some  of 
the  richest  among  the  conglomerate  ores  show  no  colors 
in  panning. 

"Probably  one  of  the  most  unique  discoveries  made 
in  Thunder  mountain  is  a  nickel  ledge,  carrying  $2,000 
values  of  nickel,  copper  and  gold,  controlled  by  Mr. 
Stonebreaker.  This  is  some  distance  below  Taylor's 
cabin  and  at  the  side  of  the  Monumental  creek  trail." 

The  Thunder  Mountain  country  is  usually  consid- 
ered as  made  up  of  two  districts,  the  eastern  and  the 
western.  The  latter,  embracing  Big,  Smith  and  Pro- 
file creeks,  produces  gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead.  On 
the  northern  portion  of  the  basin  of  Big  creek,  silver 
is  the  principal  metal,  while  on  Logan  creek,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  stream  just  mentioned,  silver  predominates. 
On  Profile  creek  lead  is  found  in  large  quantities. 
Gold  is  quite  widely  distributed  over  the  entire  district. 
The  values  in  the  eastern  district,  embracing  Monu- 
mental, Marble  and  Indian  creeks,  are  found  in  a  por- 
phyritic  quartz,  covered  with  a  basalt  capping,  and  con- 
sist of  free  gold  entirely.  It  is  here  that  the  principal 
developments  have  been  made.  The  oldest  group  of 
claims  in  the  district  is  the  Dewey,  discovered  by  Will- 
iam, Louis  and  Daniel  Caswell  "in  the  early  'nineties, 
and  worked  .constantly  since.  The  Caswells  were  in  the 
habit:  of  sluicing  the  decomposed  porphyry,  then  allow- 
ing the  solider  formation  beneath  to  weather  until  the 
following  summer,  when  it  would  be  found  to  have 
decomposed  to  a  considerable  depth  and  to  be  ready  for 
sluicing.  Their  property  was  bonded  to  Colonel  E.  H. 
Dewey  in  August,  1001,  for  a  reputed  sum  of  $100,000. 
It  is  worked  at  present  by  a  ten-stamp  mill.  The  entire 
property  consists  of  fourteen  claims,  the  Gold  Reef, 
Goldie,"  Coal  Pit  Fraction,  Gravel  Point,  Dollar, 
Poorman's  Treasure,  Fraction,  Golden  Treasure,  Gold 
Dust,  Golden  Wedge,  Equinox,  Gold  Bug,  Wonderful 
and  Buffalo.  Most  of  the  development  work  is  done  on 
the  Poorman's  Treasure,  but  as  no  person,  other  than 
employees  or  owners,  is  allowed  in  the  mine,  the  extent 
of  the  workings  and  the  size  of  the  vein  are  not  known. 
It  is  stated  that  the  company  expects  to  install  and  be- 
gin operating  one  hundred  stamps  in  the  near  future. 

Another  noted  mine  of  the  district  is  the  Sunnyside, 
purchased  from  the  Caswell  brothers  for  a  reputed  sum 
of  $125,000.  It  is  said  that  this  price  was  paid  for  the 
property  before  it  had  been  developed  anv  to  speak  of 
and  while  it  was  still  a  prospect.  It  is  located  on  the 
Marble  creek  slope  east  of  Dewey.  It  belongs  to  the 
Belle  Thunder  Mountain  Company,  who  last  summer 
utilized  the  labor  of  some  fifteen  or  twenty  men  in  its 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


development.  The  excavations  are  said  to  aggregate 
about  1,400  feet. 

A  third  property  of  note  in  the  Thunder  Mountain 
district  is  the  Fairview  group  on  Monumental  creek 
near  Roosevelt,  owned  by  the  Gold  Ridge  Mining  Com- 
pany, a  Pittsburg  concern.  It  is  developed  by  two 
tunnels.  The  ledge  formation  is  similar  to  that  of 
most  of  the  ledges  of  the  district, — porphyritic  quartz. 
Values  are  said  to  average  high,  and  we  are  informed 
that  assays  of  $100  per  ton  are  not  uncommon. 

The  Tiger  group  on  Marble  creek  was  sold  last  year 
for  a  reputed  sum  of  $200,000.  It  is  only  partially  de- 
veloped at  present,  but  is  a  promising  property.  The 
same  is  true  of  the  Rainbow  group  west  of  Roosevelt 
and  the  Grangeville,  which  joins  the  Sunnyside  on  the 
north  and  which  was  located  in  1901  by  W.  H.  V. 
Rickards  and  Albert  Tuttle. 

Considerable  development  work  in  the  western  dis- 
trict has  been  done  on  what  is  known  as  the  Werden- 
hoff  group  on  Smith  creek,  about  six  miles 
from  its  mouth.  The  ledge,  which  is  about 
sixteen  feet  wide,  consists  of  free  milling  quartz 
averaging  $16  in  gold  per  ton.  It  is  developed  by  about 
400  feet  of  tunneling  and  shafts.  It  is  said  to  have  been 
sold  recently  to  a  Colorado  syndicate  for  $280,000. 
The  Crown  property,  owned  by  the  same  company,  is 
located  on  Big  creek  between  Logan  and  Smith  creeks. 
The  ledge  is  said  to  be  sixty  feet  wide  and  to  consist  of 
low  grade,  free  milling  ore. 

The  Hogback  owned  by  A.  A.  Lydon,  B.  F.  Gold- 
man, I.  C.  Hattabaugh,  Frank  Gardner  and  other 
Grangeville  parties,  is  also  on  Big  creek.  It  carried 
gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead,  but  its  values  cannot  be 
secured  without  smelting.  The  vein  is  twelve  feet  wide 
and  averages  $14.80  per  ton  in  assay  values,  though 
numerous  kidneys  have  been  found  assaying  from  $70 
to  $380 

Besides  the  above  there  are  numerous  other  proper- 
1  ties  in  course  of  development  in  both  the  eastern  and 
western  districts  and  it  is  claimed  by  conservative  min- 
ing men  that  the  showings  in  most  of  them  are  such  as 
to  encourage  the  belief  that  the  camp  has  a  brilliant 
future  before  it.  It  has  been  overadvertised,  no  doubt. 
Stampedes  into  the  country  at  the  wrong  season  of  the 
year  have  been  precipitated  with  the  natural  result  that 
disappointed  gold  hunters  have  started  a  reactionary 
movement^  Booms  and  their  reactions  are  seemingly 
necessary  incidents  in  the  development  of  new  mining 
camps.  "Both  are  temporary  in  their  effects.  Both  will 
soon  be  of  the  past  in  Thunder  Mountain  and  the  camp 
will  settle  down  to  a  steady  development  of  its  resour- 
ces. That  these  are  numerous  and  extensive  there  can 
be  little  doubt,  and  the  man  who  describes  the  Idaho 
county  of  a  decade  hence  will  surely  have  occasion  to 
speak  of  not  a  few  producers  in  this  isolated  region. 

The  bars  of  Salmon  river  have  been  a  source  of 
revenue  to  the  placer  miner  since  the  earliest  days. 
They  have  probably  never  yielded  immensely  large  re- 
turns for  labor,  but  have  furnished  a  grub  stake  to 
many  a  stranded  prospector,  a  good  living  to  miners 
whose  ambitions  were  not  too  extraragant  and  a  few 
dollars  of  ready  money  to  the  farmer  and  stockman  in 


the  vicinity.    Most  of  the  lower  bars  have  been  worked. 
To  secure  the  gold  in  the  higher  ones  and  the  old  bed 
of  the  river  now  far  upon  the  mountain  side  is  a  prob- 
lem engaging  the  attention  of  not  a  few,  but  its  satis-  '[ 
factory  solution  has  not  yet  been  found.    Quite  a  num- 
ber of  individuals  and  companies  are  still  at  work  on  j 
the  Salmon  river  placer  grounds  at  least  part  of  the  ] 
year.    One  company  is  putting  in  a  dredge  to  wash  the  ; 
gravels  of  Doumecq  bar.    Robie  &  Smith  are  operating 
on  Mrs.  Robie's  farm.    A  company  composed  in  part  of 
Spokane  mining  men  is  doing  some  work  on  the  fam- 
ous Horse  Shoe  bars  and  is  preparing  to  install  a  plant 
for  the  more  satisfactory  handling  of  its  auriferous 
gravels;  the  Slate  Creek  Mining  Company,  operating 
near  Samuel  Large's  place,  has  a  ditch  out  of  Slate  \ 
creek  seven  miles  long,  with  a  capacity,  it  is  claimed,  of   , 
r,6oo  inches.    The  Victor  Mining  Company,  in  which  1 
Senator  Wilson,  of  Spokane,  is  interested,  operates  a 
claim  between  Slate  creek  and  'John  Day ;  P.  E.  Sher- 
win  has  a  property  above  John  Day  creek.    The  claims 
of  the  Consolidated  Hydraulic  Mining  Company  are 
also  above  the  mouth  of  that  stream,  while  above  the 
mouth  of  Little  Salmon  there  is  but  one  hydraulic  mine, 
that  of  William  Short.     Several  placer  miners,  besides 
those  mentioned,  are  operating  in  a  small  way  at  differ- 
ent points  on  the  stream. 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Salmon  river  are  some 
very  promising  copper  properties.     Four  and  a  half   = 
miles  northwest  of  White  Bird  are  the  claims  of  the   j 
Idaho  Mining  &  Smelting  Company,  principal  among 
which  are  the  Indiana,  Mineral  Point,  the  Missouri, 
the  Michigan,  the  Last  Chance,  the  Idaho,  the  Poco- 
hontas  and  the  Copper  King.     The  Indiana  has  been 
developed  by  a  tunnel  248  feet  long  cutting  almost 
squarely  across  the  vein  and  by  a  tunnel  twenty-two 
feet  long  following  a  stringer.     Superintendent  Fred 
A.  Davis,  from  whom  these  data  were  obtained,  informs 
us  that  all  indications  point  toward  the  existence  of  an    ' 
immense  body  of  ore  of  average  grade,  with  numerous 
high  grade  shoots  and  stringers.     The  values  are  in    • 
copper  and  gold,  and  the  absence  of  zinc  is  an  encour- 
aging circumstances.  Reduction  works  and  machinery 

Another  important  property  of  the  district  is  the' 
Rainbow  group,  six  miles  northwest  of  White  Bird. 
It  consists  of  the  following  claims :  Rainbow,  Domin- 
ion, Blue  Front,  Lone  Star  and  Eddv.  Its  owners  are 
S.  A.  Wilson,  J.  W.  Reid  and  Ed.  Fehan.  These  gen- 
tlemen have  expended  most  of  their  efforts  on  the 
Rainbow,  doing  only  assessment  work  on  the  other 
claims.  This  lead  is  sixty  feet  wide.  An  assay  of  a 
picked  specimen  from  it  gave  fifty  per  cent,  copper,  $34 
per  ton  gold  and  14  ounces  of  silver,  and  it  is  said  that 
even  richer  specimens  might  be  obtained.  The  super- 
intendent of  this  mine  stated  to  the  writer  his  belief 
that  a  fair  average  assay  would  give  seyen  per  cent, 
copper. 

A  district  of  the  Salmon  river  country,  whose  im- 
portance has  long  been  known,  but  which  has  necessar- 
ilv  been  neglected  on  account  of  its  isolation,  is  the 
Rapid  river  region.  This  stream  empties  into  the  Little 
Salmon  six  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  latter  stream. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Its  bed  is  in  the  bottom  of  a  high  box  canyon,  which 
in  one  place  widens  out  to  form  Alliance  basin,  a  bunch- 
grass  valley  two  and  a  half  miles  long  toy  a  mile  wide, 
whose  only  inhabitant,  we  have  been  told,  is  H.  F. 
Johnson,  the  "Seven  Devils  poet."  Near  the  mouth  of 
the  west  fork  of  Rapid  river,  and  eight  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  main  stream,  are  located  the  Rapid  River 

I  mines.  It  is  said  that  there  are  a  number  of  good 
properties  here,  but  only  two  are  being  worked,  the 
George  Hardwick  claim",  to  develop  which  a  tunnel 
600  feet  long  has  been  constructed,  and  the  claim  of 
the  Irwin  Brothers,  who  have  300  feet  of  tunneling. 
Both  are  copper  and  gold  bearing  properties. 

Near  the  head  of  the  east  fork  of  Rapid  river  is  the 
Black  Lake  district,  in  which  are  a  considerable  number 
of  claims,  but  the  country  is  without  roads,  hence  there 
is  little  encouragement  to  claim  owners  to  make  ex- 
tensive developments.  Notwithstanding  drawbacks, 
however,  Edward  Ford  &  Company  have  been  at  work 
for  four  years,  developing  their  property  and  blocking 
out  an  immense  body  of  ore.  Last  summer  they  in- 
stalled a  steam  mill.  In  the  short  time  it  was  operated 
they  realized  very  encouraging  returns  in  gold  bullion. 
The  Iron  Springs  Mining  Company  are  also  active  in 
pushing  development  work,  and,  it  is  stated,  intend 
building  a  mill  on  their  property  this  summer.  The 
two  companies  are  contemplating  the  construction,  by 
their  united  efforts,  of  a  road  down  Rapid  river  to  the 
state  wagon  road. 

Coming  to  the  Clearwater  mines  we  shall  give  first 
place  to  Elk  City,  an  ancient  camp,  the  earliest  history 
of  which  has  already  found  a  place  in  these  pages. 
During  the  four  decades  since  its  first  discovery  it  has 
been  a  gold  producer  almost  uninteruptedly,  though  at 
times  its  product  dwindled  to  insignificance.  After  the 
palmy  placer  mining  days,  the  district  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Chinese.  A  revival  of  interest  in  it  took 
place  during  the  middle  'eighties,  when  some  quartz 
claims  were  taken  and  since  that  time  white  men  have 
given  considerable  attention  to  its  wealth  of  placer  gold 
also.  The  first  placer  mining  by  improved  modern 
methods  was  begun  about  1889  by  C.  D.  Gavin,  of  Chi- 
cago. In  1891,  the  initial  attempt  at  dredging  was 
made,  the  machinery  for  the  plant  being  packed  in  on 
the  backs  of  mules.  The  dredge  was  utilized  for  a  time 

•  in  working  the  banks  and  bed  of  Red  river,  but  it 
proved  toe  light  for  its  purpose  and  its  use  had  to  be 
discontinued.  In  1899,  Butters  Bros.,  of  Michigan, 
built  another  dredge,  the  use  of  which,  after  a  couple 

i  of  seasons'  trial,  has  also  been  abandoned.  The  only 
placer  mines  in  operation  in  the  spring  of  1903  were  the 
Gold  Hill  claims,  owned  by  Cook  Brothers  &  Brownell, 

i  who  were  operating  a  No.  2  giant.  However,  it  was 
expected  that  R.  D.  Leggat,  of  Butte,  Montana,  would 

[  operate  during  the  summer  his  Buffalo  Hill  claim, 
upon  which  is  a  large  hydraulic  plant,  and  that  work 
would  also  be  done  on  the  Little  Elk  placers  by  H. 
Rittenhouse;  on  the  Ternan  hill,  by  Henry  Ternan ; 
on  the  Deadwood  gulch  claims  by  James  Witt,  and  on 
a  number  of  other  good  properties.  No  doubt  much 
placer  gold  is  yet  to  be  garnered  in  this  famous  old 


Quartz  mining  in  Elk  district  dates  back  to  1884, 
when  S.  W.  Smith  and  H.  E.  McKinney  located  what 
was  known  as  the  Buster  group  of  claims.  Since  that 
many  quartz  veins  have  been  located  and  developed  to 
a  considerable  extent.  The  American  Eagle  group  near 
the  head  waters  of  Ziegle  creek,  owned  by  the  Ameri- 
can Eagle  Consolidated  Mining  Company,  Limited, 
consists  of  eight  claims.  The  vein  is  twelve  feet  wide 
with  a  paystreak  varying  in  width  from  two  and  one- 
half  to  te'n  feet,  and  carrying  values  of  from  $5  to 
8312  a  ton.  Its  direction  is  northeast  and  southwest, 
dip  vertical.  It  has  been  developed  by  1,100  feet  of 
tunneling  on  two  different  levels,  a  one  hundred-foot 
shaft  and  2,500  feet  of  drifting  along  the  vein.  The 
equipment  of  the  mine  consists  of  a  ten-stamp  mill, 
two  concentrators,  a  Blake  crusher,  and  a  tramway 
3.500  feet  long.  It  was  said  in  April  to  have  produced 
since  January  I,  1903,  $27,500,  and  fifteen  tons  of  con- 
centrates assaying  $105  a  ton.  A  cyanide  plane  is  to 
be  installed  in  the  near  future.  The  Fish  Hawk  group, 
owned  by  the  same  company,  consisting  of  nine  claims 
adjoining  the  American  Eagle,  is  now  in  process  of  de- 
velopment. 

The  Hogan  group  of  claims,  situated  on  Crooked 
river,  twelve  and  a  half  miles  from  Elk  City,  gives 
promise  of  becoming  the  finest  property  in  the  dis- 
trict and  one  of  the  finest  in  the  entire  northwest.  It 
consists  of  about  fifty  claims  located  on  the  wooded 
hills  on  either  side  of  the  river,  and  is  owned  by  the 
Crooked  River  Mining  &  Milling  Company.  The 
ore  is  described  as  pyrites  of  iron  in  quartz  and  por- 
phyry with  granite  contact  and  is  said  to  assay  from 
$5  to  $50.  The  property  has  been  quite  extensively 
developed  by  tunnels,  shafts  and  chutes,  and  is 
equipped  with  a  twenty  stamp,  water  power  mill, 
the  water  for  which  is  brought  from  Crooked  river  by 
a  ditch  a  mile  long.  A  dynamo,  operated  by  this  water 

gnver,  furnishes  electric  lighting  for  the  entire  plant, 
isinterested  mining  men  have  spoken  very  highly  of 
the  probable  future  of  this  property. 

The  Boyer  and  Republic  groups  have  stamp  mills, 
but  are  being  operated  at  present  only  on  a  small  scale. 
Other  claims  in  course  of  development  and  making 
encouraging  showings  are :  the  Laurel  and  West  Lau- 
rel, situated  on  Laurel  hill  at  the  head  of  French 
gulch,  sulphide  ores  with  pockets  of  free  crystallized 
gold  assaying  $16  to  $18,  ledge  six  to  nine  feet  wide, 
developed  by  a  27-foot  shaft,  250  feet  of  tunneling  and 
40  feet  of  drift ;  the  Blue  Ribbon  group,  on  a  hillside 
between  Red  Horse  creek  and  Ziegle  creek,  owned  by 
Brown,  Cook,  Brownell  and  Poyneer,  sulphide  ores, 
assaying  $12,  developed  by  520  feet  of  tunnels,  a  Go- 
foot' shaft  and  several  cross  cuts;  the  Pacific  group, 
owned  by  L.  Blomberg;  the  Champion  group,  owned 
by  S..McGibbons,  and  recently  placed  under  control  of 
the  Thunder  Mountain  Gold  Company,  of  Philadel- 
phia ;  the  Occidental  group,  owned  by  Chesbro  &  Baner  ; 
the  Lily  May,  by  J.  A.  Coverly ;  the  Ihistcr.  by  S.  W. 
Smith ;'  the  Cleveland  by  Smith,  Parker  and  others ; 
the  Grangeville,  by  J.  W.  Reed,  Joe  Schooner,  Henry 
Wax  and  James  Edwards,  and  other  properties.  Con- 
servative mining  men  consider  the  Elk  City  district  as 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  whole  as  one  of  the  most  promising  of  the  old  Idaho 

Following  a  road  leading  in  an  easterly  direction 
from  Elk  City  across  American  river  and  Red  Horse 
creek,  thence  southerly,  one  arrives,  after  a  journey 
of  twenty-six  miles,  in  the  ancient  mining  district  of 
Dixie.  The  first  mineral  discoveries  were  made  here 
in  the  early  'sixties,  but  only  a  small  amount  of  placer 
mining  was  done  and  by  primitive  methods.  When 


Samuel  Dillinger 


ed  in  1865,  he  found  only  three 


at  work.  But  like  many  of  the  old  placer  camps 
there  has  been  a  revival  of  'interest  in  the  district  in 
later  years.  It  is,  nevertheless,  a  quiet  place  at  pre- 
sent and  has  been  since  the  closing  down  of  the  Corn- 
stock  mine,  though  many  good  quartz  properties  are 
being  slowly  developed. 

One  of  the  earliest-placer  camps,  the  Dixie  district 
is  still  a  producer  of  gold  dust.  The  Olive  Gulch 
placers,  owned  by  a  man  named  Hasslett,  are  a  good 
paying  property.  The  Crooked  Creek  placers,  owned 
by'  P.  S.  Prichard  and  George  Elaine,  consist  of  153 
acres  of  patented  ground  along  the  stream.  They  are 
being  operated  by  a  No.  2  giant,  with  water  from  a 
ditch  three  and  a  half  miles  long,  conveyed  to  the 
giant  by  1,600  feet  of  pipe. 

Among  the  quartz  claims  of  the  district,  the  Ajax, 
the  McKinley  and  Roosevelt  and  the  Comstock  are 
perhaps  the  best  known.  The  first  mentioned  was 
purchased  by  Finch  &  Campbell  about  two  years  ago 
from  James  Turner,  who  had  been  developing  it  dur- 
ing the  preceding  six  years.  It  is  located  about  half 
a  mile  northwest  of  the  town  of  Dixie.  Finch  &  Camp- 
bell built  a  ten-stamp  mill  on  it  and  operated  the  mine 
for  six  or  seven  months.  The  results  were  not  satis- 
factory, so  they  sold  their  mill  to  the  American  Eagle 
Company,  of  Elk  City  district,  and  abandoned  the  pro- 
perty. 

It  is  understood  that  the  Comstock  mine  is  to  be 
reopened  this  summer  and  the  ore  from  it  reduced  in 
a  four-stamp  water  power  mill,  now  in  contemplation. 
The  property  is  situated  on  Rhett  creek,  four  miles 
southwest  of  Dixie,  and  is  owned  by  the  Poole 
Brothers. 

The  McKinley  and  Roosevelt,  owned  by  Sam  Dil- 
linger, is  likewise  situated  on  Rhett  creek.  The  ore 
is  galena,  assaying  about  $18.  The  developments  con- 
sist of  two  hundred  feet  of  tunneling,  striking  the 
ledge  at  a  depth  of  fifty  feet,  also  considerable  drift 
work  along  the  vein. 

To  the  northwest  of  Elk  City,  on  the  road  leading 
from  that  point  to  Camas  prairie,  is  the  Newsome  min- 
ing district,  another  ancient  camp,  the  discovery  of 
which  elates  back  to  the  'sixties.  Rich  placers  have 
been  worked  there  since  by  white  men  and  Chinese, 
but  always  on  a  small  scale.  At  the  present  time,  the 
Newsome-Leggat  Hydraulic  Mining  Company,  Lim- 
ited, is  operating  the  Leggat  High  Bar  placers,  sit- 
uated on  the  divide  between  Newsome  and  Leggat 
creeks  at  an  elevation  of  700  feet  above  the  latter.  The 
company  owns  three  and  a  half  miles  of  ditch  and 
flume  and  intends  to  utilize  two  No.  2  giants  during 


the  present  season.  Besides  the  property  mentioned, 
which  includes  1,600  acres  of  ground,  this  company 
owns  the  ground  and  bed  of  Newsome  creek  from  its 
confluence  with  the  Clearwater  to  a  point  within  a 
mile  of  Newsome  station.  G.  W.  Thompson,  of  Lew- 
iston,  is  president  of  the  firm  and  James  Surridge,  of 
Harpster,  vice  president.  The  Buckeye  placers,  below 
Newsome  station,  are  being  worked  under  the  manage- 
ment of  C.  P.  Richardson. 

Twelve  miles  up  the  south  fork  of  the  Clearwater 
from  Stites  is  an  unorganized  mining  camp,  popularly 
known  as  the  Dewey  district.    It  lies  on  the  survey  for  . 
an  up  river  extension  of  the  railroad,  but  even  'with 
the  road  no  nearer  than  Stites,  it  is  easily  accessible, 
being  only  about  eight  miles  from  Grangeville.     Its 
warm  climate  incident  to  its  slight  elevation  gives  it  • 
an  incalculable  advantage  over  most  of  the  other  min- 
ing districts  of  the  county. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  belt  are  in  a  porphyry 
dyke  ranging  in  width  from  I,OOD  to  1,500  feet,  with 
a  strike  of  north  fifteen  degrees  east.     The  east  wall  I 
of  the  dyke  is  granite  and  lime  and  the  west  wall  gran- 
ite and  clackite.     Through  this  dyke  run  six  or  more   j 
ledges  ranging  in  width  from  15  feet  to  35  feet,  and 
of  these  five  are  being  extensively  developed.     They  j 
carry  values  above  water  level  of  $4  to  $10  in  gold  and 
below  water  level  where  the  quartz  is  replaced  by  sul-  j 
phide,  the  -values  are  in  gold  and  copper  and  increase 
perceptibly. 

Years  ago,  claims  in  this  district  were  taken  and 
abandoned,  among  them  the  Evergreen,  hilt  it  was  not 
until  1898  that  the  development  of  the  mines  began  in 
earnest.  During  that  year  the  Admiral  Dewey  and  < 
St.  Patrick  mines  were  located  by  J.  L.  Bishop  and 
others.  In  August,  1898,  Matthew  Jacobs,  Otto  Ab-  1 
ling,  J.  J.  Marasack  and  A.  A.  Kincaid  purchased  the 
property  and  began  developing  it  by  sinking  a  shaft 
and  running  tunnels.  In  the  spring  of  1899  the  mine 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Dewey  Consolidated  Min- 
ing and  Milling  Company,  which  has  pushed  develop- 
ment work  with  considerable  vigor,  shipping,  so  report 
has.it,  $35,000  worth  of  ore  from  small  space.  It  is 
also  said  that  arrangements  have  been  made  for  the 
disbursement  of  $100,000  during  the  current  summer  in.  j 
pushing  development. 

The  Evergreen  Eureka  Gold  Mining  Company  is    ' 
the  owner  of  three  claims,  the  Evergreen,  the  Eureka 
and  the  General  Arthur,  situated  west  and  north  of  the 
Dewey  group.    These  claims  were  likewise  discovered 
in  1898,  the  fortunate  prospectors  being  Joseph  Pfeu- 
fer,  John  L.  Bishop  and  Nelson  Clauser.    These  gen- 
tlemen did  some  work  on  the  property,  then  sold  to    j 
A.  A.  Kincaid,  C.  G.  Betts,  George  F.  McKinney  and 
S.  W.  Cope,  who  held  it  until  September,  when  the    | 
present   company   was  organized.     This   mine   has  a    1 
greater  depth  than  any  other  in  the  county  and  is  the 
most  extensively  developed,  the  tunnels,  drifts,  etc.  ag- 
gregating  five  thousand   feet.     Its   shipments   of  ore 
have  been  relatively  small  and  confined  to  the  high 
grade  product,  owing  to  the  fact  that  at  present  the  ore 
has  to  be  transported  three  miles  up  a  mountain  side 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


on  horses,  then  hauled  in  wagons  to  the  railroad.  Sev- 
eral car  loads,  however,  have  been  transported  to  Stites 
in  this  manner  and  shipped. 

Adjoining  the  Evergreen  group  on  the  north  are 
the  claims  of  the  Mount  Idaho  Gold  Mining  Company, 
Limited,  consisting  of  the  St.  John,  the  Pride  of  the 
Clearwater,  the  Clearvvater,  the  Leroi  and  the  River 
Wedge.  They  were  located  about  the  same  time  as  the 
two  groups  last  described,  by  R.  L.  Smith,  Joseph  Baker 
and  others.  Recently  it  has  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  Mount  Idaho  Gold  Mining  Company,  just  men- 
tioned, which  is  pushing  developments  with  four  shifts 
of  men.  Severs*  hundred  feet  of  tunnels  have  been 
already  constructed.  While  the  mine  has  done  no 
shipping,  it  is  claimed  that  the  showings  are  ex- 
cellent. Besides  those  mentioned,  several  other  pro- 
perties are  being  developed  in  the  district,  among  them 
the  Atlanta  group. 

Near  the  confluence  of  the  south  and  Lolo  forks  of 
the  Clearwater  is  what  is  known  as  the  Lolo  or  Pardee 
mining  district.  The  mines  in  this  vicinity  were  dis- 
covered some  four  years  ago,  William  Price,  Judge 
Stearns  and  the  Laft'erty  brothers  being  the  pioneers  of 
the  region.  The  presence  of  mineral  in  the  locality 
had  long  been  suspected  and  the  showings  exposed  by 
workmen  in  constructing  a  road  bed  for  the  Clearwater 
Short  Line  confirmed  the  suspicion  and  led  to  the  pros- 
pecting which  eventuated  in  the  discoveries.  The  ore 
is  base  in  character,  carrying  more  copper  than  any 
other  metal.  Considerable  development  work  has  been 
in  progress  during  the  past  three  years,  especially  in 
1902,  and  it  is  thought  that  this  year  some  ore  will  be 
shipped  to  smelters. 

The  property  of  the  Pittsburg-Idaho  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company,  situated  half  a  mile  above  the  town 
of  Pardee,  has  been  most  extensively  developed.  Fully 
$10,000  has  been  expended  in  opening  the  group  and 
at  present  a  tunnel  is  being  driven  to  tap  the  main  ore 
body.  It  is  now  250  feet  long. 

Farther  down  the  river,  the  Pardee  Company  is 
engaged  in  opening  its  property,  the  Idaho-Empire 
group,  which  is  said  to  give  promise  of  great  things 
to  be  garnered  in  the  future.  Jack  &  Macbeth  are  also 
opening  a  group  between  the  Pardee  and  the  Pittsburg- 
Idaho  properties. 

Some  very  good  placer  dirt  has  been  found  and 
worked  on  the  Clearwater  river  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
present  Dewey  camp,  and  at  the  Wilmot  and  Johns 
places.  Claims  are  held  at  present  by  Herman  and  Al- 
bert Brown  and  by  a  company  of  which  a  man  named 
Fisher  is  the  leading  spirit,  but  though  these  and  other 
claims  promise  well,  placer  mining  on  the  Clearwater 
is  not  being  pushed  with  great  enthusiasm  at  present. 

Not  far  from  the  summit  of  the  divide  between  the 
Salmon  and  Clearwater  basins  is  one  of  the  most 
famous,  though  one  of  the  youngest,  mining  districts 
of  the  county  and  the  Northwest.  The  story  of  its 
discovery  has  been  told  on  other  pages.  After  giving 
an  account  of  the  Buffalo  Hump  discovery  substan- 
tially as  it  occurs  in  a  former  chapter  of  this  work,  the 
Idaho  Free  Press,  continuing  says: 

"A   hundred  locations   were   speedily   staked   and 


work  commenced.  With  every  foot  of  development 
on  the  Big  Buffalo  the  ledge  got  stronger  and  richer. 
On  the  24th  of  August  a  district  was  organized  ;  a  band 
of  determined  prospectors  met  on  the  south  shore  of 
Buffalo  lake;  there  had  been  some  jumping  of  claims, 
and  many  matters  of  interest  were  up  for  discussion — 
these  men  who  were  gathered  around  the  camp  fire 
that  August  night  were  makers  of  history.  It  reminded 
one  of  the  old  councils  during  the  French  arid  Indian 
wars,  when  matters  of  deep  importance  were  discussed 
around  a  camp  fire  under  the  old  council  trees. 

"R.  F.  Carney  was  elected  chairman  and  J.  C.  Moore 
secretary.  Charles  H.  Scott  was  elected  recorder  and 
the  district  named  Robbins  mining  district  in  honor  of 
Charlie  Robbins,  the  discoverer.  The  limits  of  the 
camp  were  defined  as  follows  :  Commencing  at  the  con- 
fluence of  Newsome  creek  and  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Clearwater  river ;  thence  southerly  to  Fish  lake ;  thence 
down  Lake  creek,  the  outlet  of  Fish  lake,  to  its  con- 
fluence with  Crooked  creek,  thence  down  Crooked 
creek  to  its  junction  with  the  Salmon  river;  thence 
westerly  down  the  Salmon  river  to  the  mouth  of 
Meadow  creek;  thence  up  Meadow  creek  to  Wind 
river ;  thence  up  Wind  river  to  head  of  the  East  fork ; 
thence  northerly  to  head  of  John's  creek ;  thence  down 
John's  creek  to  South  Fork  of  Clearwater  river ;  thence 
easterly  up  said  river  to  the  mouth  of  Newsome  creek, 
the  place  of  begining." 

The  country  rock,  according  to  experts,  is  gneiss, 
a  species  of  granite,  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  known 
formations  for  mineral  bearing  veins.  The  principal 
vein  of  the  district  is  a  fissure  running  in  a  northerly 
and  southerly  course,  having  a  width  of  from  twenty 
to  forty  feet.'  The  vein  filling  is  a  hard,  white,  brittle 
quartz,  carrying  about  one  and  one-half  per  cent,  of 
pyrites  of  iron,  one  per  cent,  of  lead,  one  half  per  cent, 
of  antimony,  one  half  per  cent,  manganese  and  a  trace 
of  copper  besides  the  precious  metals. 

"Samples  taken  from  the  surface  croppings  and  the 
open  cuts  over  the  entire  length  and  width  of  the  ore 
body  give  the  following  results:  The  croppings,  $12 
in  gold  and  one  ounce  of  silver,  the  cuts,  the  thirty  feet 
across  the  Big  Buffalo  averages  one  ounce  in  gold,  one 
and  a  quarter  ounces  in  silver,  about  $21.50  per  ton. 
Cut  No.  2,  ten  feet  in  depth  on  the  Merrimac,  averages 
four-fifths  of  an  ounce  of  gold  and  one  ounce  silver,  in 
values  about  $17  for  the  entire  forty  feet  in  width." 

"During  the  past  ten  years,"  says  the  expert  above 
quoted,  who  was  writing  i'n  1899,  "I  have  visited  nearly 
all  of  the  mining  camps  of  prominence  west  of  the 
Rockies,  as  well  as  those  throughout  Montana  and 
Dakota,  and  I  have  never  seen  anywhere  a  surface 
showing  equalling  the  showing  made  on  the  Big  Buffa- 
lo and  Merrimac  claims.*  *  *  Nearly  all  mining  engi- 
neers who  have  visited  this  district  are  of  the  same 
opinion,  that  this  is  one  of  the  greatest  discoveries  of 
the  age.  The  streams  heading  at  this  Buffalo  Hump 
district  and  flowing  into  the  Salmon  and  Clearwater 
rivers  were  placer  mined  in  the  early  'sixties  and  one 
express  company— Wells,  Fargo  &  Company— alone 
handled  over  $40,000,000  that  was  produced  out  of 
the  placer  mines  within  a  radius  of  twenty  miles 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


from  this  Eldorado.  Competent  and  able  mining  en- 
gineers are  of  the  opinion  that  this  placer  gold  came 
from  the  ledges  traversing  the  Buffalo  Hump  region." 

The  Big  Buffalo  was  sold  to  the  Buffalo  Hump  syn- 
dicate less  than  a  year  after  its  discovery.  It  has  been 
developed  by  a  two  hundred  foot  shaft  and  1,000  feet 
of  drifting. "  The  vein  is  said  to  be  fifty  or  sixty  feet 
wide  and  to  carry  $i  i  a  ton  values  of  gold  and  silver. 
It  is  stated  that  the  ore  shipments  to  date  have  returned 
in  the  vicinity  of  $200,000. 

The  Jumbo  has  the  most  work  done  on  it  of  all 
mines  in  the  camp.  Tunnel  No.  i  is  141  feet  long;  No. 
2,  540  feet ;  No.  3,  860  feet,  and  there  are  600  feet  of 
cross  cuts.  The  vein  averages  eight  feet  in  width  on 
the  upper  level  and  12  on  the  lower.  A  four-stamp 
mill  is  already  installed  on  the  property  and  a  twenty- 
four  stamp  mill  is  in  course  of  erection,  all  the  machin- 
ery being  on  the  ground.  It  is  said  that  over  $80,000 
worth  of  ore  were  worked  in  the  four-stamp  mill,  in- 
side of  twenty  months. 

The  Cracker  Jack  is  located  on  a  ledge  eight  to 
fourteen  feet  wide,  carrying  $i»  to  $30  in  gold  and  sil- 
ver. Over  1,000  feet  of  excavations  have  been  made 
in  the  development  of  this  property.  The  equipment 
consists  of  a  fine  stamp  mill,  producing  from  $3,000  to 
$6,000  a  month,  soon  to  be  enlarged  by  the  addition  of 
ten  stamps.  The  company  is  also  arranging  to  in- 
stall a  complete  electric  light  plant.  Past  shipments  of 
bullion  are  claimed  to  aggregate  between  forty  and 
fifty  thousand  dollars. 

On  the  Atlas  mine,  six  or  seven  hundred  feet  of 
development  work  have  been  done,  all  on  the  ore  vein, 
which  is  six  or  seven  feet  wide,  and  carries  values  vary- 
ing from  $15  to  $20.  It  is  expected  that  a  ten-stamp 
mill  will  be  installed  this  year.  No  shipments  have 
been  made  from  this  mine  as  yet,  but  the  showing  is 
excellent. 

The  Wise  Boy  has  been  developed  by  between  a 
thousand  and  fifteen  hundred  feet  of  excavation.  Its 
vein  varies  in  width  from  5  to  12  feet  and  carries  good 
values.  The  product  of  the  mine  is  being  handled  in 
a  ten-stamp  mill. 

Developments  on  the  Mother  Lode  No.  2,  belong- 
ing to  the  Concord  Company,  expose  a  vein  varying  in 
width  from  18  to  20  feet.  The  St.  Louis,  in  the  same 
group,  has  had  over  six  hundred  feet  of  development 
work  done  on  it,  and  arrangements  have  been  made  to 
develop  it  much  more  extensively  during  the  current 
summer.  Its  ore  body  is  five  to  eight  feet  wide. 

Besides  the  properties  mentioned  above  there  are 
hundreds  of  prospects  in  the  district,  many  of  which 
give  good  surface  indications.  It  is  said  that  the  leads 
all  run  due  north  and  south  and  all  dip  to  the  east  ex- 
cept the  Big  Buffalo,  which  dips  west.  No  loss  in  value 
with  depth  has  been  experienced  and  no  faults  or 
breaks  in  the  veins  have  so  far  been  found.  The  camp 
certainly  promises  well,  and  there  are  conservative  min- 
ing men  who  expect  it  to  prove  a  permanent  and  ex- 

The  foregoing  account  of  the  mines  of  Idaho  county 


mstances    rendering    absolute 


accuracy  an  impossibility,  but  care  has  been  taken  not 
to  overstate  and  overestimate.  Though  mining- 
in  this  part  of  the  state  is  old,  it  is  yet 
young.  Few  mines  have  been  thoroughly  de- 
veloped, but  the  wide  distribution  of  precious 
and  base  metals,  the  fact  that  placer  gold  was 
found  so  abundant  and  so  diffused  in  early  days,  and 
the  showings  which  have  been  brought  to  light  by  the 
relatively  meagre  developments  wrought  under  great 
difficulties  are  an  abundant  warrant  for  the  faith  of 
the  people  in  the  future  of  the  milling  industry  in  cen- 
tral Idaho. 

No  more  than  a  general  discussion  of  the  stock 
raising,  agricultural  and  lumbering  industries  of  Idaho 
county  is  possible  from  the  fact  that  official  figures  or 
reliable  data  of  any  kind  are  not  to  be  had.  The  great 
Camas  prairie,  the  largest  body  of  agricultural  land 
in  the  state,  is  capable  of  producing  any  cereal  crop  in 
great  abundance  as  has  been  fully  proven  by  experi- 
ment. A  yield  of  sixty  bushels  per  acre  of  wheat  is  not 
an  uncommon  thing,  and  oats  and  barley  do  propor- 
tionately well.  It  is  claimed  that  as  a  wheat  section  the 
prairie  is  not  inferior  to  the  famous  Palouse  country 
of  Washington,  while  it  has  a  decided  advantage  over 
that  noted  belt  in  that  it  produces  large  crops  of  timothy 
hay.  But  wheat  raising  as  an  industry  in  itself  has 
never  obtained  in  Idaho  county,  owing  to  the  absence  of 
railroad  facilities.  The  wheat  and  other  cereal  pro- 
ducts are  consumed  largely  in  the  fattening  of  cattle 
and  hogs.  Flax,  which  requires  a  rich  black  soil,  is  ' 
becoming  an  important  source  of  revenue  to  Idaho 
county  farmers,  who  frequently  secure  yields  of  twenty 
bushels  to  the  acre. 

Besides  timothy,  blue  grass  and  clovers  are  found 
to  flourish  in  all  the  farming  areas,  except  the  more    j 
elevated  mountain  valleys.    The  fact  that  these  grasses 
can  be  so  easily  produced,  as  well  as  cereal  crops  for    I 
fattening,  has  encouraged  and  will  continue  to  encour-    . 
age  the  rearing  of  live  stock. 

Fruit  raising  on  an  extensive  scale  does  not  obtain    j 

the  product  other  than  the  local  one.    It  is  claimed  that 

there  are  few  large  orchards  there,  most  of  the  agri- .  i 
culturists  raising  only  enough   fruit   for  family  con-    1 
sumption.     In  the  sheltered  valleys  of  the  Cleanvater 
and  Salmon  rivers,  which  enjoy  a  warmer  climate  than     ; 
the  table  lands  above,  owing  to  their  comparatively 
slight   elevation,   the   more  tender   varieties,   such    as    • 
peaches  and  apricots,  are  reared  with  great  success.    1 
While  the  limited  area  of  these  favored  sections  renders    I 
large  individual  orchards  an  impossibility,  yet  the  ag- 
gregate acreage  devoted  to  fruit  is  very  considerable. 
As  the  country  becomes  more  fully  settled   and  de- 
veloped and  transportation  facilities  of  a  modern  type 
become  a  realized  fact,  the  tendency  must  be  in  the 
direction  of  increasing  the  orchard  area  in  these  favored 
river  bottoms.     The  day  is  doubtless  not  so  very  far 
distant  when  the  valleys  of  the  Clearwater  and  Salmon 
rivers  will  be  orchards  and  gardens  from  end  to  end. 
Stock  raising  is  still  the  master  industry  of  Idaho 
county,     ft  is  the  natural  business  of  an  isolated  re- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


gion,  especially  one  of  an  essentially  mountainous  char- 
acter. Central  Idaho  is  almost  ideal  for  the  stockman. 
The  grass  clad  and  wooded  uplands  furnish  an  abun- 
dance of  summer  range ;  the  warm,  sheltered  river  bot- 
toms supply  a  safe  retreat  for  cattle  and  horses  during 
•  the  winter  months,  so  that  feeding  at  any  season  of  the 
year  is  only  necessary  to  a  limited  extent.  All  the 
hardier  cattle  are  usually  compelled  to  subsist  them- 
selves entirely  upon  nature's  gratuities,  and  under 
ordinary  conditions  the  loss  is  not  greater  than  two  or 
three  per  cent.  While  the  conditions  for  cattle  raising 
are  excellent,  they  are  not  such  as  to  permit  the  busi- 
ness to  assume  enormous  proportions  and  individual 
holdings  of  more  than  five  or  six  hundred  head  are  not 
common.  No  statistics  are  at  hand  giving  the  aggre- 
gate number  of  cattle  in  the  county.  Perhaps,  how- 
ever, some  idea  may  be  obtained  from  the  assessment 
roll,  which  places  the  number  of  common  stock  at 
14,447  head,  and  of  milch  cows  at  1,503  head.  That 
these  figures  are  far  below  the  actual,  no  one  with  a 
knowledge  of  the  weakness  of  human  nature  will  deny ; 
but  how  far,  who  can  tell? 

The  authority  just  quoted  gives  the  number  of  sad- 
dle horses  in  the  county  as  1,385  head,  of  work  horses, 
3,664 ;  of  stock  horses,  3,077  and  of  stallions,  8.  That 
sheep  raising  is  not  neglected  appears  from  the  fact 
that  18,161  head  were  assessed  in  1902.  Hog  raising 
is  an  important  industry  and  the  recent  jump  in  the 
price  of  pork  placed  many  a  farmer  of  Idaho  county 
on  an  excellent  financial  footing.  The  number  of  swine 
assessed  in  1902  was  8,110  head. 

Naturally  in  a  partially  developed  and  somewhat 
isolated  country  we  expect  manufacturing  to  be  ne- 
glected. The  possibilities  of  Idaho  county  in  this  di- 
rection are  great,  but  they  have  scarcely  begun  to  be 
developed.  Only  four  grist  mills  are  being  operated, 
according  to  the  assessment  roll,  in  a  country  where 
several  million  bushels  of  wheat  per  annum  might  be 
raised.  The  establishment  of  the  Bitter  Root  forest 
reserve  must  of  necessity  exert  a  deterrent  influence 
in  the  development  of  the  lumbering  industry,  but  its 
possibilities  of  production  despite  the  handicap  are 
certainly  far  from  being  realized.  The  assessed  saw 
mills  of  the  county  number  29;  the  planing  mills,  8; 
and  the  shingle  mills.  3. 

The  character  of  the  people  who  have  discovered 
the  mineral  wealth  of  the  country  and  wrought  its 
development  thus  far  is  about  what  we  might  look  for 
in  a  pioneer  community  whose  habitat  is  a  wild,  rugged 
mountain  region.  They  are  an  active,  independent 
class,  resourceful  in  overcoming  difficulties,  congenial 
and  approachable,  yet  able  to  dispense  with  society  for 
months,  when  their  business  interests  demand  a  tem- 
porary withdrawal  into  regions  far  beyond  civilization's 
outposts.  The  average  of  intelligence  and  knowledge 

more  favored  communities.  A  stranger  is  likely  to 
notice  with  admiration  the  skilful  horsemanship  of 
both  men  and  women  and  the  fearlessness  with  which 


they  ride  over  the  winding  trails  of  the  steep  hill  sides 
and  on  the  very  edges  of  precipices. 

No  distaste  for  culture  or  disposition  to  disregard 
the  amenities  of  life  is  observable  among  this  people. 
In  the  large  comunities,  churches  of  all  the  leading;  de- 
nominations are  to  be  found,  and  they  are  at  least 
reasonably  well  attended  and  sustained.  The  fraternal 
societies  are  represented  wherever  there  are  sufficiently 
large  communities  to  render  their  maintenance  possi- 
ble and  the  fraternal  spirit  is  as  marked  as  in  other 
western  communities.  The  pioneers  of  the  county 
brought  with  them  from  their  former  homes  a  love  of 
the  school  house  on  the  hill  top,  and  the  advantages 
it  affords  the  rising  generation.  Unfortunately  the 
earliest  reports  on  the  public  schools  are  not  obtainable, 
so  that  the  gradual  development  of  the  system  cannot 
be  traced.  Even  the  later  reports,  those  for  the  year 
1893  and  succeeding  years,  are  not  complete,  but  they 
show  in  general  a  tendency  in  the  direction  of  pro- 
gress. The  average  length  of  the  school  term  has  in- 
creased from  four  and  three-tenths  to  five  months, 
though  unfortunately  the  number  of  third  grade 
teachers  is  greater  in  proportion  to  the  whole  number 
than  it  was  in  1893.  The  showing  in  this  respect  is 
not  discouraging,  however,  for  of  the  28  teachers  of 
the  county  in  1902,  two  were  holders  of  first  grade  cer- 
tificates and  19  of  second  grade.  The  number  of  or- 
ganized districts  in  1900  was  54,  four  of  which  main- 
tained graded  schools.  The  number  of  school  houses 
then  owned  by  the  districts  was  42.  Eight  districts 
rented  buildings.  During  the  past  four  years,  insti- 
tutes have  convened  annually.  While  there  are  no  col 
leges  or  institutions  of  higher  learning  within  the 
boundaries  of  Idaho  county,  the  youth  of  that  section 
is  not  deprived  of  opportunity  to  obtain  higher  cul- 
ture in  their  own  immediate  neighborhood  as  the  state 
university  at  Moscow  and  the  state  normal  school  at 
Lewiston  are  both  within  easy  reach. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  sketch,  imper- 
fect though  it  may  be,  that  the  largest  county  in  super- 
ficial area  in  the  state  of  Idaho  is  not  the  least  in  im- 
portance or  in  possibilities  of  development.  The  coun- 
ty is  teeming  with  unappropriated  treasure.  It  holds 
a  wealth  of  mineral  in  its  mountains,  the  extent  of 
which  is  probably  but  dimly  suspected  by  the  general 
public,  notwithstanding  the  interest  which  has  cen- 
tered in  Thunder  Mountain,  Buffalo  Hump  and  other 
mining  districts  during  the  last  few  years.  The  agri- 
cultural possibilities  of  its  great  prairie  and  valleys  are 
as  little  appreciated,  while  its  wealth  of  water  power, 
now  unharnessed,  who  can  estimate?  Its  enterprising 
inhabitants  are  ready  to  welcome  to  their  assistance 
the  laborer,  the  homeseeker,  the  capitalist  —  any  who 
is  able  and  willing  to  help  in  the  upbuilding  and  de- 
velopment of  the  country,  —  and  they  do  so  with  the 
e  fully  assured  that 


nowhere  in  the  great  west  —  the  home  of  opportunity  —  is 
the  intelligent  sower  more  certain  to  reap  an  abundant 


HENRY  J.  ELFERS. 


• 


MRS.  CATHERINE  M.  ELFERS  CLEARY. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

IDAHO  COUNTY 


HENRY  J.  ELFERS,  deceased.  It  is  very  fitting 
to  grant  space  in  the  history  of  Idaho  county  for  a 
memorial  of  Henry  J.  Elfers.  He  was  one  of  the  earli- 
est pioneers,  a  man  of  ability  and  courage,  a  loyal  and 
patriotic  citizen,  a  true  friend  and  a  devoted  and  lov- 
ing husband.  His  untimely  end  at  the  hands  of  mur- 
derous Indians  is  one  of  the  dark  spots  in  the  history 
of  our  county.  Especial  mention  has  been  given  of 
the  matter  in  another  portion  of  this  work  but  in  con- 
nection with  a  brief  epitome  of  Mr.  Elfers's  life  we 
shall  revert  to  it  again. 

Henry  J.  Elfers  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany, 
on  February  2,  1834,  being  the  son  of  Burn  and  Ade- 
laide (Bishop)  Elfers,  natives  also  of  the  fatherland. 
Henry  J.  received  good  training  in  the  old  country  and 
came  "to  California  in  1849,  where  he  mined  for  a  "num- 
ber of  years.  In  1862  he  was  drawn  by  the  gold  excite- 
ment to  the  Salmon  country  and  the  next  year  in  part- 
nership with  Henry  Mason  and  John  Wessell  he  started 
a  ranch  on  John  Da}'  creek.  They  kept  a  general  sup- 
ply store,  operated  a  good  hotel,  conducted  a  dairy  of 
two  hundred  cows  and  ran  a  pack  train  into  the  mines. 
Susbequently  Mr.  Mason  sold  out,  but  Mr.  Wessell 
continued  a"  partner  of  Mr.  Elfers  until  the  former's 
death  in  1872.  In  1870  Mr.  Elfers  returned  to  Ger- 
many and  there  wooed  and  won  Miss  Catherine  M. 
Beckroge,  bringing  her  back  to  the  United  States  on 
the  same  ship  in  which  he  had  crossed  the  seas.  At 
San  Francisco  they  were  united  in  the  bonds  of  matri- 
mony, October  16,  1871.  Her  father's  name  was  Her- 
man H.  and  that  of  her  mother,  Anna  M.  Lange.  In 
Germany  Mr.  Beckroge  was  a  farmer.  Mrs.  Elfers 
was  born  in  Germany  August  14,  1845,  ar>d  has  one 
brother  John.  They  came  direct  to  the  John  Day  ranch 
and  Mr.  Elfers  continued  his  business  there.  On  the 
evening  of  June  13,  1877,  three  young  Indians  came 
to  the  Elfers  ranch,  with  whom  Mr.  Elfers  and  Mr. 
Bland  held  a  conversation.  Later  the  savages  went 
away  and  the  next  morning  Mr.  Beckroge  and  Mr. 
Bland  went  after  the  horses  and  were  killed  by  the  In- 
dians who  lay  in  ambush.  Two  of  the  murderers 
came  to  the  house  looking  for  Mr.  Elfers,  and  the  other 
stood  on  guard.  They  went  into  the  office  and  took  a 


gun  but  Mr.  Elfers  did  not  see  them.  Mrs.  Elfers  was 
in  the  milkhouse  just  under  the  bank.  Coming  from 
that  she  saw  the  Indians  standing  in  the  office  door  and 
turned  and  went  into  the  house  by  the  back  door.  Mr. 
Elfers,  meantime,  had  started  for  the  field  and  on  his 
way  was  murdered  by  these  Indians.  A  Mr.  Whit- 
held,  who  had  been  hunting,  discovered  the  bodies  and 
notified  Norman  Gould.  Victor,  a  Frenchman,  on  the 
Salmon  a  few  hundred  yards  below,  saw  the  smoke 
of  the  guns.  His  suspicions  being  aroused,  he  notified 
some  others  and  they  came  to  investigate,  and  Mrs. 
Elfers  was  notified  of  the  death  of  her  husband  by 
Barney  Mallory.  Mr.  Elfers  had  held  a  long  council 
with  the  Indians  once  in  reference  to  Mr.  Ott.  whom  the 
savages  wanted  to  kill  for  having  killed  an  Indian.  Mr. 
Rhett  and  Mr.  Elfers  would  not  listen  to  the  killing 
of  Ott  and  it  is  supposed  that  the  savages  were  angry 
with  Mr.  Elfers  on  account  of  this.  Mr.  Philip  Cleary, 
a  partner  of  Mr.  Elfers  in  the  mines  at  Florence,  came 
out  and  conducted  the  business  for  three  years  and 
then  the  establishment  was  rented  to  E.  W.  Sherman 
&  Sons.  In  1885  Mrs.  Elfers  and  Mr.  Philip  Cleary 
were  married  and  on  November  19,  1895,  Mr.  Cleary 
was  called  hence  by  death.  Since  that  time  Henry 
Elfers  has  taken  charge  of  the  business.  Mr.  Cleary 
was  an  active  and  prominent  man  in  politics  and  was 
twice  a  member  of  the  state  legislature.  Mr.  Elfers 

following  children  were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Elfers, 
Adelaide  L.  Lanningham,  Henry  J.,  Catherine  Gordon, 
Marie  E.  Kieling. 

Mrs.  Cleary  is  a  woman  beloved  by  all  who  know 
her.  She  has  ever  manifested  a  charity  and  true  sym- 
pathy to  all  who  were  in  trouble  and  her  kind  acts  and 
ways  are  well  known  by  everybody.  She  is  passing  the 
golden  vears  of  her  life  amid  many  warm  and  devoted 
friends  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  competence  that  is  justly 


FRANK  M.  HAWK  i 


of  the  earliest  pio- 
one  of  the  pioneers 
coming  here  in  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


days  of  weary  trail  journeys,  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  to  this  estimable  gentle- 
man a  representation  in  the  history  of  Idaho  county. 
Frank  M.  Hawk  was  born  in  Richland  county, 
Ohio,  on  November  24,  1844,  being  the  son  of  John 
M.  and  Matilda  (Frampton)  Hawk.  The  father  was 
born  in  Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1818,  and 
died  in  Olympia,  Washington,  on  January  4,  1883. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Allegheny,  Pennsyl- 
vania, being  of  Scotch  extraction.  Her  great-great- 
uncle,  James  Wilson,  was  a  signer  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence.  She  died  in  Portland  in  1852. 
The  grandparents  of  our  subject  were  also  born  in 
Pennsylvania.  In  1846  our  subject  was  brought  by 
his  parents  to  Dekalb  county,  Indiana,  where  he  at- 
tended district  school  six  months  previous  to  leaving 
in  1852  for  Olympia,  Washington,  which  trip  was  made 
with  ox  teams  and  attended  with  great  danger  and 
hardships.  Frank  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
and  in  the  Wesleyan  Institute.  When  seventeen  he 
came  to  Pierce  and  mined  until  1865.  Thence  he  went 
across  Lolo  pass  to  Montana,  mining  in  the  Blackfoot 
region  for  four  years.  In  1869  he  returned  to  Olym- 
pia and  opened  up  a  business  in  shipping  oysters  and 
clams  to  Portland  and  other  points.  He  was  the  first 
one  who  started  in  this  business  and  for  two  years  he 
did  remarkably  well,  but  then  others  started  and  he 
sold  out.  He  took  a  twenty-mile  contract  of  grading 
for  theNorthern  Pacific  from  Tenio  to  Tacoma  and 
in  1873,  owing  to  the  failure  of  Cook  &  Company,  op- 
erations were  suspended  and  our  subject  lost  his  cap- 
ital, seven  thousand  dollars.  Then  he  went  to  Alaska 
and  Cassiar  mines  in  British  Columbia  and  did  well 
for  four  years.  Being  crippled  by  rheumatism  he  was 
forced  to  retire  and  before  he  could  get  cured  he  had 
consumed  most  of  his  capital  again.  With  what  was 
left  he  bought  a  stock  of  goods  and  went  to  the  Flat- 
head  country  and  there  opened  a  store  with  two  part- 
ners. Two  years  of  successful  operations  there  and 
he  sold  to  his  partners  and  was  again  laid  up  with  rheu- 
matism. Again  his  capital  was  nearly  exhausted  in 
seeking  a  recovery.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Hawk  has 
been  prospecting  and  mining  with  headquarters  at 
Kooskia  and  he  is  doing  a  good  business  there.  He  is 
considered  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  place,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Washington  Pioneer  Society  of 
Olympia.  Politically  he  is  a  stanch  Republican.  Mr. 
Hawk  has  two  brothers,  Melvin  F.,  a  farmer  at  Roy, 
Washington;  Albert  R.,  deceased.  This  last  brother 
took  the  prize  for  the  best  story  of  crossing  the  plains. 
He  wrote  of  the  trip  of  the  Hawk  family.  This  trip 
was  attended  with  great  trouble  and  suffering.  They 
calked  the  wagon  bed  and  floated  two  hundred  miles 
down  the  river  and  enroute  the  mother  was  so  shocked 
at  the  sight  of  floating  bodies  of  other  emigrants,  who 
had  been  drowned,  that  she  died  in  Portland  soon  after. 


ABRAM  COON  is  a  man  of  extended  frontier 
experience  and  has  made  a  good  record  in  his  career. 
He  dwells  at  present  on  his  homestead  seven  miles 


northeast  from  Kooskia,  where  he  has  some  valuable 
saw  timber.  Abram  Coon  was  born  in  Wyoming,  on 
November  14.  1867,  the  son  of  Adam  and  Diana  (Lew- 
is) Coon.  The  father  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illi- 
nois, in  1799  and  was  a  wholesale  merchant.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  The  mother  died 
when  this  son  was  young.  Our  subject  attended  pub- 
lic schools  in  his  native  place  and  assisted  his  father 
until  1887,  when  he  went  to  Utah  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Ute  Indian  war.  Mr.  Coon  ^lunteered  to 
carry  messages  when  no  other  one  would,  and  his  cour- 
age and  intrepid  daring  are  matter  of  record  in  the 
history  that  deals  of  that  period.  He  was  prominently 
identified  in  these  wars  and  did  much  to  assist  materi- 
ally the  whites  in  repelling  the  savages.  Mr.  Coon 
also  spent  one  year  and  eight  months  in  carrying  the 
United  States  mails  in  Wyoming  and  during  this  per- 
iod also  he  had  many  dangerous  and  trying  experi- 
ences, which  were  fully  detailed  in  White's  India 
Wars,  and  we  have  the  pleasure  to  remark  that  in  all 
these  experiences  Mr.  Coon  had  always  manifested  the 
same  courage  and  consummate  coolness  in  danger  and 
trying  times  that  characterized  him  in  the  excellent 
service  in  the  Ute  war.  He  located  in  Cassia  county, 
Idaho,  in  1898  and  rented  land  and  in  1900  he  came  to 
his  present  place  and  took  a  squatter's  right.  This  was 
abandoned  soon  and  he  took  a  couple  of  other  places 
successively,  selling  them,  but  finally  returned  to  his 
present  place  and  here  he  has  continued  since.  Mr. 
Coon  constructed  a  hall  in  partnership  with  three  oth- 
ers for  the  use  of  the  neighborhood  and  recently  he  has 
purchased  the  entire  property  and  it  is  one  of  the  cen- 
tral points  of  the  community.  Mr.  Coon  devoted  his 
winters  to  labor  in  the  woods  here  and  the  summers 
are  spent  on  the  prairies  handling  steam  engines.  He 
has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters,  William  H.,  Adam, 
Limial,  Matilda,  Mary  May. 

In  Utah,  on  May'2,  1893,  Mr.  Coon  married  Miss 
Rachel  J.,  daughter  of  William  and  Nancy  J.  (Balice) 
Darling,  natives  of  Michigan.  Two  children  were  born 
to  this  marriage,  but  they  are  both  deceased.  On  Jan- 
uary 14,  1901,  Mrs.  Coon  was  called  away  by  death. 
Mr."  Coon  is  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church 
and  in  political  matters  he  is  a  Socialist. 


HENRY  J.  McFADDEN  has  a  beautiful  and  val- 
uable farm  about  two  miles  south  from  Whitebird  c 
the  banks  of  the  Salmon.  He  is  a  leader  in  enterprise 
and  development  and  is  a  man  of  excellent  standing. 
Henry  J.  McFadden  was  born  in  Harrison  county, 
Ohio,  on  July  25,  1839,  tne  son  of  Benjamin  and  Mary 
E.  (Wilson)  McFadden.  The  father  was  born  in  Ohio 
and  there  remained  all  his  days,  passing  the  river  in 
1886,  aged  eighty-three.  The  mother  was  born  at 
Harper's  Ferry  and  was  a  sister  of  Colonel  Wilson, 
who  commanded  at  that  point.  She  died  in  Harrison 
county,  aged  seventy-eight,  it  being  in  1887.  Our  sub- 
ject is  the  eighth  of  a  family  of  eleven  and  grew  up  c 
a  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  common  schools. 
At  the  first  call  for  ninety-day  men  he  stepped  prompt- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ly  forward,  the  only  one  of  his  township,  and  took  the 
musket  to  defend  our  free  institutions  and  the  homes 
of  the  Union.  He  was  enrolled  in  Company  I,  Thir- 
teenth Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  went  in  as  a  pri- 
vate and  soon  rose  to  first  lieutenant.  Upon  the  sec- 
ond enlistment  in  Company  D,  Forty-third  Ohio,  un- 
der Colonel  Wager  Swain,  Mr.  McFadden  was  cap- 
tain of  his  company.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Carnifax  Ferry,  Island  No.  10,  New  Madrid,  Jackson, 
Fort  Pillow,  "Pittsburg  Landing,  was  twenty-seven 
days  in  the  siege  of  Corinth,  and  at  the  battle  of  Co- 
rinth:  he  was  wounded  in  both  the  siege  and  battle. 
He  was  also  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  in  the  battles 
of  Booneville.  luka,  Jackson,  Mississippi,  Memphis, 
Redbluff,  Buzzard's  Roost,  Atlanta,  Resaca,  and  saw 
much  other  service  besides.  In  addition  to  the  wounds 
mentioned,  he  was  knocked  clown  by  a  shell  in  the 
struggle  of  Island  No.  10.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
Mr.  McFadden  received  an  honorable  discharge,  be- 
ing now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  receives  a  pen- 
sion from  the  government.  He  went  to  Ohio,  thence 
to  Illinois,  and  Kansas,  handling  stock.  Next  we  see 
'him  in  San  Juan,  Colorado,  doing  placer  and  quartz 
mining.  In  1881  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
and  mined  until  1888.  Then,  in  company  with  three 
others,  he  entered  the  Thunder  Mountain  district  and 
did  well.  This  company  was  the  first  invaders  of  that 
section.  In  1890  Mr.  McFadden  came  to  his  present 

Elace  and  now,  in  company  with  A.  Cooper,  he  has  a 
alf  section.  They  have  a  first-class  orchard  of  all 
varieties  of  fruit  and  nuts,  as  well  as  a  large  vineyard. 
He  has  twenty  or  more  acres  in  orchard,  which  is  one 
of  the  best  to'  be  found  anywhere  and  the  skill  of  our 
subject  has  made  and  is  making  a  first-class  success  of 
it.  He  also  handles  stock. 

On  April  24,  1897,  Mr.  McFadden  married  Mrs. 
Priscilla  M.  (Wilson)  Silcott,  a  sister  of  Ex-Senator 
Wilson,  of  California.  By  her  former  husband  Mrs. 
McFadden  had  five  children,  Joseph  A.,  deceased,  at 
Dayton,  Washington,  in  1886;  Louis  L.  died  at  Spo- 
kane in  1897:  Edward  died  in  California,  when 
seven  years  old;  Annie  Hastings;  and  Mariah,  who 
was  drowned  in  the  sinking  of  the  steamer  Brother 
Jonathan  in  1865.  Her  former  husband  was  a  well 
known  physician,  with  whom  she  traveled  to  various 
sections  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  and  Airs.  McFad- 
den are  highly  esteemed  people  and  have  the  good  will 
and  confidence  of  all. 


JOSEPH  HIMMELSPAK,  better  known  as  Joe 
Baker,  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  on  January  17, 
1847,  the  son  of  Nebemuk  and  Katherine  Himmelspak, 
also  natives  of  the  Fatherland.  He  was  reared  and 
•educated  in  his  native  place  and  when  fourteen  went 
to  Switzerland.  Soon  thereafter  we  find  the  youth  in 
Italy,  then  he  journeyed  to  France,  and  after  that  to 
Africa.  He  returned  home  from  the  Dark  Continent 
after  five  years  and  three  months  later  came  to  the 
United  States.  He  spent  some  time  in. Newark,  New 
Jersey,  and  in  Philadelphia  and  then  came  to  Lewis- 


This  was  in  1869  and  the  following  year  found 
in  Elk  City  and  on  Newsome  creek,  mining. 
Three  years  were  spent  in  the  alluring  search  for  na- 
ture's hidden  wealth,  when  he  returned  to  Camas 
,  here  he  worked  until  the  Indian  war  of  1877. 
He  was  a  volunteer  from  Mt.  Idaho  and  for  six  weeks 
had  charge  of  a  Salmon  detachment.  When  the  In- 
dians departed  over  the  Lolo  trail  Mr.  Himmelspak 
and  James  Cearly  took  dispatches,  via  Elk  City,  to 
Missoula,  that  the  Indians  were  coming.  He  went 
back  over  the  Lolo  trail  after  the  Indians  had  passed 
id  met  General  Howard,  for  whom  he  scouted  under 
Colonel  Miller,  and  bore  dispatches  from  Gibbons  bat- 
tlefield to  Deer  Lodge,  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and 
thirtv  miles  and  carried  return  messages  to  Howard. 
At  Henry  Lake  he  received  his  honorable  discharge  and 
returned  to  Camas  prairie.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Him- 
melspak has  devoted  himself  to  agriculture  and  mining 
and  is  prospered  in  the  same  lines  today.  He  owns  a 
fine  ranch  fitted  for  vegetables  and  fruit  and  supplies 
much  of  the  same  to'  Grangeville.  He  also  is  owner 
of  the  Maude  Randall  and  the  Lone  Dutchman  claims, 
upon  which  he  is  doing  some  development  work.  Mr. 
Himmelspak  is  also  connected  with  other  properties  in 
the  same  district.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A. 
M.  and  is  a  Republican.  He  has  been  much  interested 
in  politics  until  recent  years.  On  account  of  a  defect 
in  his  hearing  Mr.  Himmelspak  has  retired  more  from 
lately.  He  is  a  man  of  excellent  standing  in 
community,  being  well  known  and  esteemed. 


politi 
his  c 


JOHN  W.  KEITH.  One  and  one-half  miles 
northwest  from  Canfield  lies  the  estate  of  our  sub- 
ject. It  was  taken  before  the  land  was  surveyed,  the 
year  being  1892,  and  since  that  time  Mr.  Keith  has 
been  a  steady  laborer  for  the  improvement  not  only 
of  his  land  but  also  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  country 
and  for  the  general  advancement  and  welfare. 

John  W.  Keith  was  born  in  Boone  county,  Missouri, 
on  May  23.  1857.  being  the  son  of  George  G.  and 
Maria  A.  (Willis)  Keith.  The  father  was  a  farmer 
and  stockman  and  was  born  in  Boone  county  in  1828 
and  died  July  31,  1901.  The  paternal  grandfather  of 
our  subject,  John  H.  Keith,  received  a  patent  for  land 
in  Missouri,  which  was  signed  by  John  Quincy  Adams 
as  president,  and  our  subject's  father  has  a  patent 
signed  by  Andrew  Jackson  as  president.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1829  and 
now  lives  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Her  parents  were 
pioneers  in  Missouri.  John  W.  grew  to  manhood  in 
Missouri  and  there  he  received  his  education  from  the 
district  schools.  He  remained  with  his  father  until  of 
age  and  then  clerked  in  a  store  in  Lexington,  Missouri, 
for  eighteen  months  and  after  that  took  up  farming, 
which  he  followed  until  1880,  the  time  he  sold  out 
and  moved  from  Missouri  overland  with  teams  to 
Walla  Walla.  Soon  he  came  to  where  Colfax  now 
stands  and  could  have  taken  a  preemption  there  but 
preferred  other  land.  He  farmed  there  until  1892  and 
then  took  his  present  place,  as  mentioned.  He  has  one 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  good  land,  substantial  im- 
provements, and  raises  general  crops  and  horses,  hogs 
and  cattle. 

In  1889,  near  Colfax,  Mr.  Keith  married  Miss 
Ethel,  daughter  of  Dr.  A.  R.  and  Mary  A.  (May) 
M:  organ,  natives  of  Missouri.  They  were  pioneers  in 
an  early  day  of  Oregon  and  Mrs.  Keith  was  born  in 
the  Willamette  valley.  She  has  three  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  Nellie,  William,  Augustus,  Clarence  and  Ber- 
tie. Mr.  Keith  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters, William,  Allen,  Jesse  and  Hollis,  all  in  Idaho. 
Three  children,  Joseph,  Lillie  and  Minnie  P.,  have 
come  to  gladden  the  home  of  our  subject.  Mr.  Keith 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  St.  John,  Washing- 
ton. Politically  he  is  a  man  of  courage  to  carry  out  his 
convictions  and  he  selects  the  man  regardless  of  the 
tenets  of  party  ties. 


JOHN  LYON  resides  eight  miles  south  of  White- 
bird  and  devotes  his  attention  to  raising  stock.  He  was 
born  January  25,  1843,  in  Grant  county,  Wisconsin, 
the  son  of  Zachariah  and  Priscilla  (Henan)  Lyon,  na- 
tives of  Indiana.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Wis- 
consin and  also  went  to  California  in  1849  with  ox 
teams,  returning  to  Wisconsin  later.  The  mother  died 
in  1863 ;  the  father  died  in  Dakota  in  1889.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  and  educated  in  Wisconsin  and  in  Jan- 
uary, 1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Thirty-third 
Wisconsin  Infantry.  He  fought  in  numerous  battles, 
as  Vicksburg,  Horseshoe  Bend,  Olive  Spring,  the  Red 
River  expedition,  Spanish  Fort,  Nashville,  Fort  De 
Russy,  Pleasant  Hill  Landing  and  many  others,  as  well 
in  numerous  skirmishes.  He  was  in  the  midst  of  many 
severe  battles  but  was  never  wounded.  During  the  war 
he  traveled  about  9,000  miles  and  endured  about  all 
the  hardships  that  a  soldier  could ;  as  his  company  was 
all  killed  but  a  few,  he  was  transferred  to  the  "Elev- 
enth Wisconsin,  Company  H,  and  finally  was  honorably 
discharged  in  August,  1865.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  and  now  has  a  badge  made  out  of  the  brass 
cannon  that  was  first  fired  at  Fort  Sumter.  Following 
the  war,  he  went  to  Wisconsin  and  then  traveled  over 
the  country  considerably.  At  Vicksburg  he  had  the 
measles,  which  settled  in  his  throat  and  affected  his 
organs  of  speech,  from  which  he  has  never  recovered. 
In  Bloomington.  Wisconsin,  on  November  24,  1869, 
Mr.  Lyon  married  Miss  Arminta  J.,  daughter  of  James 
and  Eliza  (Higgins)  Canter.  She  was  born  August 
10,  1854,  in  Grant  county,  Wisconsin.  Her  father 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  died  in  Clermont  coun- 
ty, Ohio,  in  1854.  In  1880  our  subject  moved  to  Brown 
county,  South  Dakota,  and  farmed  extensively  and 
successfully ;  then  later,  on  account  of  failure  of  crops, 
he  lost  heavily.  In  1890  they  came  by  wagon  to  the 
Palotise  country  and  in  1893  to  their  present  place. 
Four  children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage,  Her- 
man, in  Yuma,  Arizona;  Nellie  E.,  who  has  taught 
school  in  this  vicinity  for  five  years,  was  a  stenogra- 
pher and  typewriter  in  Spokane,  cashier  and  book- 
keeper in  Yuma,  and  is  now  completing  her  education 


in  Los  Angeles,  California;  Sherman,  who  is  in  part- 
nership with  his  father,  has  a  good  bunch  of  stock  and 
a  well  improved  place;  Margie  L.  Mr.  Lyon  has  a 
large  interest  in  a  large  copper  proposition  near  his 
place,  for  which  they  have  had  flattering  offers.  It 
runs  $60  in  gold  and  copper.  Mr.  Lyon  has  always 
been  on  the  frontier,  is  a  typical  pioneer  and  a  first- 
class  rifle  shot.  Mrs.  Lyon's  mother  first  married 
Frank  Oxley,  who  died  from  the  cholera.  Then  she 
married  James  Canter,  the  father  of  Mrs.  Lyon.  After 
his  death  she  married  Aaron  C.  Stiles.  He  also  died 
and  in  1900  Mrs.  Stiles  also  died  at  Mt.  Vernon,  Illi- 
nois, in  her  seventy-ninth  year. 


ALEXANDER  I.  WATSON  is  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  the  west  and  especially  of  Idaho  county,  where 
he  now  resides,  one  of  the  respected  and  venerable  men 
of  wisdom  and  worth.  His  home  is  two  miles  south 
from  Grangeville,  where  he  owns  a  valuable  farm, 
well  improved  and  a  good  dividend  producer. 

Alexander  I.  Watson  was  born  in  Darke  county, 
Ohio,  on  June  2,  1830,  the  son  of  Robert  and  Nancy 
(Stanford)  Watson.  The  father  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania in  1789  and  died  in  1854.  He  settled  in  Mi- 
ami county.  Indiana,  in  1838,  and  his  father  was  born 
in  Ireland.  Our  subject's  father  served  his  country 
as  captain  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Virginia  and  died  in  1842.  Alexander  was  brought 
up  in  Ohio  and  Indiana  and  when  eighteen  moved  to 
Iowa.  He  attended  school  in  the  various  places  of  res- 
idence and  then  taught  two  years.  In  1849  ne  settled 
to  farming  and  in  1859  started  to  Pike's  Peak,  stopping 
but  a  short  time  there,  he  went  to  Salt  Lake  City  with 
a  government  outfit  and  thence  on  to  Eldorado  county 
and  was  soon  engaged  in  mining.  In  1862  he  came 
thence  to  Florence  country,  landing  in  Lewiston  on 
May  16,  1862.  Not  meeting  good  success  in  Flor- 
ence he  went  to  the  Salmon  above  Whitebird  and 
mined.  He  took  land  on  Camas  prairie  in  1866,  which 
he  sold,  and  took  land  again  in  1869,  selling  this  in 
1885  and  bought  his  present  place. 

In  Iowa,  in  1849,  Mr-  Watson  married  Mona  E., 
daughter  of  Amon  and  Sarah  (George)  Shaul,  na- 
tives of  Virginia  and  Ohio,  respectively.  Mrs.  Wat- 
son was  born  in  Hamilton  county,  Indiana,  in  1833  and 
has  two  sisters  and  two  brothers,  Malinda  Bentley,  Ma- 
tilda Shaul,  G.  I.,  M.  J.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  this  couple,  Clarissa  E.,  deceased,  Alice  Over- 
man. Mr.  Watson  is  the  last  one  living  of  eight  chil- 
dren. He  was  a  member  of  the  Grange  that  built  the 
first  building  in  Grangeville.  He  is  a  Democrat  and 
active.  Mrs.  Watson  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church. 

At  the  time  of  the  Indian  war  Mr.  Watson  lived' 
a  mile  south  of  the  lake  on  Rocky  canyon.  The  In- 
dians had  been  holding  councils  for  some  time  and 
on  June  i.^th,  becoming  suspicious,  he,  with  Cy  Over- 
man, went  with  his  family  to  Mt.  Idaho.  Mr.  Watson 
had  previously  refused  to  sign  the  petition  to  place  the 
Indians  on  their  reservation.  He  had  been  notified  by 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


455 


Galbraith,  whom  Crooks  sent  on  the  evening  of  the 
thirteenth.  That  was  the  same  evening  that  Robertson 
and  Jarrett  drove  over  to  Mt.  Idaho  and  the  next  morn- 
ing West  and  the  Indian  were  sent  to  Lapwai.  The 
murders  had  already  been  done  on  the  Salmon  when 
Mr.  Watson  was  coming  to  Mt.  Idaho,  but  he  did  not 
know  it.  Three  young  Indians  had  stopped  at  Mr. 
Watson's  place  as  they  went  on  their  murderous  er- 
rand. While  at  his  place,  after  talking,  they  went  into 
the  bedroom,  he  thinks  to  find  a  gun,  and  he  ordered 
them  out.  One  was  Mox-Mox.  Mr.  Watson's  home, 
Henry  Johnson's  barn,  Mack  Williams  and  Lambert's 
haystacks  were  all  burned  about  ten  A.  M.  on  the  fif- 
teenth for  signals. 

JACOB  STITES  was  born  in  Sussex  county,  New 
Jersey,  on  February  24,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Samuel 
J.  and  Catherine  A.  (Winters)  Stites,  natives  of  New 
Jersey.  They  were  married  in  New  Jersey  and  now 
live  in  Ewing,  Nebraska.  In  1733  three  brothers,  John, 
Jacob  and  Samuel,  came  and  settled  in  New  York,  Con- 
necticut and  New  Jersey,  respectively ;  different  mem- 
bers of  the  family  were  prominent  in  the  Revolution 
and  the  war  of  1812.  The  father  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  1837  and  served  in  Company  G,  Second  New 
Jersey  Cavalry  Volunteers,  from  September  16,  1864, 
to  May  22,  1865.  He  was  in  active  service  and  re- 
ceived his  discharge  in  Memphis,  Tennessee.  The 
mother  came  from  a  prominent  old  family  of  New  Jer- 
sey, of  Dutch  and  Irish  extraction.  Our  subject  was 
raised  in  his  native  place  until  eight,  the  family  then 
all  going  to  Nebraska,  where  he  was  educated  in  a  sod 
school  house,  two  months  out  of  each  year,  until  he 
was  eighteen.  Much  of  his  time  was  spent  in  working 
out  for  the  support  of  the  family.  When  eighteen  he 
railroaded  in  Wyoming,  then  ranched  in  Colorado,  fol- 
lowing which  he  was  engaged  in  the  smelter  in  Ana- 
conda, Montana,  then  wrought  in  the  quartz  mill  in 
Silver  City,  Idaho,  and  finally  returned  to  ranching  in 
Nebraska  for  two  years.  During  this  last  period  he 
was  in  the  Cherokee  strip  run,  but  secured  no  claim  to 
suit  him.  In  1895  we  find  him  in  the  quartz  mill  in 
Ouray.  Colorado.  In  July,  1896,  he  came  to  Genesee 
and  then  to  Kamiah,  where  he  labored  for  Felix  Cor- 
bett,  the  Indian  who  risked  his  life  to  save  the  mis- 
sionaries in  the  time  of  the  Indian  war  of  1877.  He 
tried  to  get  the  Indians  to  show  him  a  claim,  but  they 
were  reticent.  However,  when  Mr.  Stites  went  to  the 
mountains  and  shot  a  deer  and  divided  with  them,  they 
told  him  of  his  present  place,  adjoining  Stites.  He 
filed  on  March  24,  1897,  on  a  quarter  section,  his  fam- 
ily being  the  first  white  people  to  settle  in  this  vicinity. 
He  was  possessed  of  little  capital,  but  by  hard  work 
and  careful  management  he  succeeded  in  getting 
started.  When  he  was  building  his  house  the  Indians, 
four  in  number,  came  with  Winchesters  and  ordered 
him  off.  The  carpenter  became  frightened  and  ran 
away,  but  Mr.  Stites  reasoned  with  them,  telling  them 
to  wait  a  week  and  survey  the  land,  which  they  did, 
and,  finding  that  he  was  right,  they  apologized.  In 
1899,  when  the  railroad  was  building,  he  was  troubled 


with  all  kinds  of  jumpers,  who  were  desiring  to  pull 
his  land  away  from  him  for  a  townsite,  but  he  would 
yield  neither  "to  cajoling  nor  threats  and  held  firmly  to 
his  right.  Finally,  those  who  had  jumped  it  by  fraudu- 
lent mining  locations,  withdrew  and  he  was  left  in 
peace.  In  February,  1900,  Mr.  Stites  sold  sixty  acres 
to  Messrs.  J.  G.  Rowton,  N.  B.  Pettibone  and  J.  W. 
Shannon,  taking  an  interest  in  the  townsite  company 
and  reserving  the  privilege  of  naming  the  town.  He 
sold  his  interest,  with  the  exception  of  ten  lots,  and  now 
owns  one  hundred  acres  of  fine  land,  does  general  farm- 
ing, runs  a  dairy  and  also  an  ice  business  and  deals  in 
real  estate.  Stites  is  a  thriving  town,  located  near  the 
battle  ground  between  Howard  and  the  Indians,  and  is 
the  supply  point  for  all  Camas  prairie,  Thunder  Moun- 
tain, Buffalo  Hump  and  other  mining  countries.  Mr. 
Stites  has  a  beautiful  home  place  adjoining  it.  Mr. 
Stites  has  three  brothers  and  four  sisters,  John  W.,  Ed- 
ward J.,  Harison,  Nancy  T.,  Mary  E.,  Hattie  Thayer, 
Martha  ;  he  has  also  one  half-brother  and  three  half-sis- 
ters, Alva,  Laura  Prine,  Emma  Clemmens,  Amanda 
Pember.  Mr.  Stites  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,. 
Mt.  Idaho  Lodge,  No.  9,  at  Grangeville ;  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Stites  Lodge,  No.  87,  while  he  and  his  wife  belong  to 
the  O.  E.  S.,  Mountain  Queen  Chapter.  No.  n, 
Grangeville.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
and  his  wife  of  the  Christian  church. 

On  February  22,  1899.  at  Mt.  Idaho,  Mr.  Stites 
married  Norah  M.,  daughter  of  Albert  E.  and  Ella 
(Emmonsl  Alexander,  now  living  in  Mt.  Idaho.  The 
father  was  born  in  New  York,  traversed  the  continent 
and  dwelt  in  various  states  enroute,  finally  coming  to 
Oregon  in  1875  with  ox  teams.  He  was  an  Indian 
fighter  and  an  intrepid  frontiersman.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Ohio  and  married  in  South  Dakota.  Mrs. 
Stites  was  born  in  Oregon,  on  February  16,  1880,  and 
has  one  brother  and  four  sisters,  Albert  E..  Laura  E. 
Smith,  Gertrude,  Viola.  Marietta.  Politically  Mr. 
Stites  is  independent.  He  and  his  wife  are  leading 
n  this  vicinity  and  are  of  excellent  standing, 

ig  capable,  genial  and  possessed  of  sterling  integ- 

and  worth. 


pen,; 

beini 


A.  D.  BARTLEY,  one  of  the  first  pioneers  of  this 
country  and  a  miner  who  has  achieved  excellent  suc- 
cess in  many  places,  is  now  operating  in  the  Dewey 
camps  and  has  interests  there  in  some  valuable  prop- 
erties. He  was  born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  on  March  25, 
1832,  the  son  of  Joseph  B.  and  Gerushia  (Gilett)  Bart- 
ley.  The  father  came  to  the  United  States,  the  only 
one  of  his  family,  and  served  in  the  war  of  1812.  The 
mother's  ancestors  were  also  prominent  in  American 
struggles.  Our  subject  was  left  an  orphan  when  four 
and  was  raised  by  an  uncle.  He  went  to  Illinois  about 
that  time  and  was  reared  and  educated  there.  In 
18^9  he  crossed  the  plains  with  his  brother-in-law  and 
they  mined  in  Placer  county.  California.  In  1864  he 
came  to  Boise  and  there  he  and  his  partner  cleaned  up 
about  twenty-three  thousand  dollars.  Later  they 
gained  about  the  same  amount  in  Kootenai  county. 
Then  he  purchased  a  mill,  which  was  later  burned  with 


456 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


al!  the  lumber  and  logs.  In  1870  he  came  to  Idaho 
county  and  took  a  preemption  just  south  from  Grange- 
ville.  At  the  time  of  the  Indian  war  he  enlisted  as  a 
volunteer  at  Mt.  Idaho  and  was  with  Howard  much  of 
the  time  as  special  scout.  He  was  one  of  the  famous 
seventeen  and  his  account  is  as  follows:  Perry  sent 
a  dispatch  by  Crooks  that  he  was  surrounded  by  In- 
dians at  Cottonwood  and  wished  help.  Crooks  arrived 
in  Mt.  Idaho  the  evening  of  July  4th.  The  next  morn- 
ing the  seventeen  started,  commanded  by  Randall. 
Tney  descried  the  Indians  and  counted  them  from  three 
hundred  and  thirty  to  three  hundred  and  thirty-three. 
All  were  in  the  fight.  Randall  pressed  on  toward  Cot- 
tonwood, and  when  in  a  reasonable  distance  of  the 
Indians,  he  halted  and  asked  if  any  one  knew  the  sig- 
nal to  fight.  Bartley  announced  that  he  did  and  Ran- 
dall said,  "Give  it.""  Bartley  rode  his  horse  in  a  circle, 
and  it  was  at  once  answered  by  the  savages.  He  then 
rode  in  a  circle  three  times  and  the  fight  was  at  once 
precipitated.  One  hour  and  forty-five  minutes  it  raged 
and  the  little  band  came  out  with  six  killed  and 
wounded.  This  stand,  says  Mr.  Bartley,  was  their 
only  hope,  as  the  Indians  would  have  massacred  all  had 
they  shown  the  white  feather.  Only  one  man,  George 
Shearer,  came  out  during  the  fight.  Afterwards  a 
company  of  volunteers  ran  away  from  Perry  and  came 
to  the  little  remnant.  Mr.  Bartley  saw  the  Clearwater 
fight  atid  most  of  the  maneuvers  and  when  the  war  was 
over  he  returned  to  his  mill  and  farm.  Later  he  sold 
those  properties  and  is  now  devoting  himself  to  mining. 
In  1876  Mr.  Bartley  married  the  last  time  and  one 
child,  Hattie,  deceased,  is  the  fruit  of  this  union.  By 
his  first  marriage  he  had  two  sons,  Joseph  and  Abra- 
ham, deceased.  Mr.  Bartley  is  a  Mason  and  a  RepuS- 
lican.  He  is  a  good  citizen  and  stands  well. 


FRANK  M.  POWERS.  The  industrious  and  en- 
ergetic man  of  whom  we  now  speak  is  one  of  the  san- 
guine believers  in  the  bright  future  of  the  thriving  town 
of  Stites  and  has  wrought  with  skill  and  hard  labor 
here.  He  owns  and  operates  a  good  sawmill  plant  and 
planing  mill  and  does  a  good  business. 

Frank  M.  Powers  was  born  in  Wai  worth  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  November  4,  1855,  being  the  son  of 
Oliver  and  Esther  (Owens)  Powers.  The  father,  of 
Irish  extraction,  was  born  in  New  York  state  and  died 
in  Minnesota  in  1901.  He  was  a  carpenter  and  build- 
er. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Canada 
and  died  in  1897.  Our  subject  went  with  his  parents 
to  Buchanan  county,  Iowa,  when  eight,  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  Winthrop.  When  eighteen  he 
learned  the  carpenter  trade  of  his  father  and  in  1877 
went  to  Verndale,  Minnesota,  where  he  wrought  at 
his  trade  for  four  years.  Thence  he  went  to  the  Black 
Hills  and  freighted  and  in  1882  settled  in  Canning, 
South  Dakota.  Two  years  later  he  came  to  Water- 
town,  South  Dakota,  arid  in  1889  to  Puget  Sound,  then 
for  eight  years  he  wrought  in  Tacoma.  Then  came  a 
trip  to  Douglas,  Alaska, "where  he  did  millwright  work. 
In  1899  he  went  to  Clarkston, 'Washington,  and  in 


1900  came  to  Stites.  He  assisted  to  build  most  of  the 
prominent  structures  of  the  town,  including  Greav- 
ing's  large  store.  In  April,  1902,  Mr.  Powers  built  a 
sawmill  four  miles  up  the  river,  where  he  does  a  good 
business.  It  has  a  capacity  of  twenty  thousand  feet 
per  day  and  is  equipped  with  a  twenty-five  horse  power 
engine,  planer  and  is  well  furnished.  He  also  owns  a 
residence  in  town.  Mr.  Powers  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Clover  Lodge  No.  91,  in  Tacoma,  and 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  in  Stites.  Mr.  Powers  is  a  stanch 
Republican  and  has  served  as  school  director.  He  has 
one  brother  and  one  sister,  George,  and  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Charles  Comfort,  and  a  music  teacher  in 
Lewiston. 

In  1899  Mr.  Powers  married  Mrs.  Ellen  Hunt,  a 
native  of  Iowa. 


JOHN  M.  SHISSLER.  This  enterprising  young 
man  is  one  of  the  substantial  representatives  of  the 
county  of  Idaho  and  is  at  the  present  conducting  his 
father's  business  of  general  merchant,  postmaster  and 
rancher  at  Newsome.  Also  he  is  interested  in  weighty 
mining  ventures  in  Buffalo  Hump  and  Thunder 
Mountain,  being  an  experienced  and  practical  miner. 

John  M.  Shissler  was  born  in  Idaho  county,  on 
August  24,  1877,  being  the  son  of  Franklin  and  Eliza- 
beth (Shearer)  Shissler,  who  are  mentioned  in  this 
volume.  He  was  reared  in  this  county,  attended  dis- 
trict school  until  he  was  sixteen,  then  took  a  four  years' 
course  in  the  State  University.  Since  that  time  he  has 
been  engaged  with  his  brother,  George,  in  handling 
the  business  mentioned,  on  account  of  the  poor  health 
of  the  father.  They  are  doing  well  and  are  up  to  date 

all.  Politically  Mr.  Shissler  is  allied  with  the  Dem- 
ocrats and  is  a  potent  influence  in  the  campaigns,  be- 
ing intelligent  in  the  issues  of  the  day.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Episcopalian  church  and  is  a  stanch  sup- 
porter of  the  faith.  Mr.  Shissler  comes  from  an  old 

his  ancestors  who  will  in  turn  recognize  in  this  scion 
a  worthy  descendant. 


ANDREW  PERSSON  was  born  in  Sweden,  on 
June  2.  1858,  the  son  of  Per  and  Kjersti  Persson,  na- 
tives of  Sweden  also.  Our  subject  has  three  brothers 
and  two  sisters,  Johannes,  Per,  Nils  Peter,  Elna,  Cris- 
tina.  He  attended  district  school  during  his  school 
days  and  also  worked  on  the  farm  with  his  father  and 
when  seventeen,  it  then  being  1875,  he  came  to  Cali- 
fornia, in  the  United  States,  where  he  remained  in 
various  employments,  including  farm  work,  logging 
and  handling  a  squad  of  Chinamen  on  a  reed  farm  un- 
til 1889.  Then  he  migrated  to  Latah  county  and 
bought  a  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  which 
he  cultivated  for  six  years  and  on  account  of  the  panic 
lost  al!  he  had  but  a  team,  wagon,  two  cows  and  a  lit- 
tle cash.  Then  he  came  to  his  present  place,  about  one 
mile  northeast  from  Greencreek,  took  a  homestead  and 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


457 


built  a  small  house.  He  returned  and  brought  the 
family,  having  a  hard  time  on  account  of  the  inclement 
weather,  and  since  then  he  has  continued  in  the  im- 
provement of  the  farm  with  most  excellent  results,  as 
the  following  will  show.  .He  has  one  hundred  and 
forty  acres  cultivated,  threshed  last  year  four  thou- 
sand three  hundred  bushels,  cut  twenty  tons  of  hay  and 
headed  considerable  for  the  hogs,  besides  having  other 
crops.  He  now  has  a  good  seven-room  house,  fair 
barns  and  material  for  a  large  new  barn,  two  grana- 
ries with  thirty-five  hundred  bushels  of  first-class  grain 
in  them,  good  farm  machinery,  including  self  binder, 
wagons,  hacks  and  other  necessities,  a  fine  windmill, 
a  thousand  feet  of  pipe  running  the  water  into  the 
house,  a  stone  cellar  and  many  general  improvements. 
Mr.  Persson  has  forty-five  hogs,  five  cattle  and  ten 
horses,  and  a  good  orchard,  beginning  to  bear.  '  All 
this  has  been  accumulated  by  his  skill  and  thrift  and  he 
is  one  of  the  leading  farmer's  of  this  section. 

On  January  10,  1885,  Mr.  Persson  married  Miss 
Nellie,  daughter  of  Nils  Peter  and  Enger  (Jonsen) 
Winstrom,  natives  of  Sweden.  The  wedding  occurred 
in  San  Jose,  California.  Mrs.  Persson  was  born  in 
Sweden  on  December  24,  1864,  and  she  has  one  sister, 
Lenda,  and  one  half-sister,  Lillie  Palsen,  and  one  half- 
brother.  Janne.  Mrs.  Persson's  mother  married  a  sec- 
ond time,  her  husband  being  Ola  Palsen.  Eight  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Persson,  Edven 
Walfrid,  Carl  S.,  Arved  P.,  Elmer  A.,  George  G., 
John  A.,  Sadie  J.,  Clara  C.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Perrson  are 
Republicans  and  take  an  active  interest  in  the  ques- 
tions of  the  political  realm. 


GEORGE  N.  CON  KLIN,  deceased.  When  the 
subject  of  this  memorial  passed  away  recently,  it  was 
known  that  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this  section  of 
Idaho  county  had  gone  to  his  rest  beyond  the  grave. 
He  was  a  man  of  good  habits  and  fine  ability  and  had 
friends  from  all  quarters  of  the  county.  George  N. 
Conklin  was  born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1839  and 
died  May  I.  1902.  He  was  the  son  of  Henry  and 
Mary  Conklin,  natives  of  the  east.  The  father  was  a 
cousin  of  Roscoe  Conkling,  who  used  the  terminal  G. 
Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Iowa  and  learned  the 
trade  of  engineer.  He  had  received  a  good  educa- 
tion in  his  native  place  and  followed  his  trade  on  the 
Michigan  Central.  In  1860  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Colorado  and  also  mined  later  in  Boise  basin.  He 
owned  the  first  three  buildings  in  Butte  and  discovered 
the  Parrott  mine.  He  located  the  Sweetwater  free  mill- 
ing gold  mine  for  which  he  received  thirty  thousand 
dollars.  He  came  to  Slate  creek  in  1871,  then  traveled 
some.  Later,  in  1874,  in  San  Francisco,  Mr.  Conklin 
married  Mrs.  Julia  Ceilley,  widow  of  Isaac  Ceilley, 
Her  parents  were  Charles  j.  and  Mary  (Spencer)  Vail, 
of  English  extraction.  Mrs.  Conklin  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton and  has  three  sisters,  Georgiana  Sutherland,  de- 
ceased, Ella  Baker,  Hattie  Wilcox.  Mr.  Conklin  had 
one  brother,  Alonzo.  The  following  children  were  born 
to  this  marriage:  Edward  H.,  Frederick  C.,  Helen 


Frances,  Mrs.  Pearl  Gill,  Myrtle,  Erne.  Mrs.  Conk- 
lin has  two  children  by  her  first  husband,  Charles  W., 
George  A.  Mr.  Conklin  was  an  active  Democrat.  The 

denly.  Feeling  slightly  indisposed  he  continued  to 
work  and  was  taken  sick  in  the  night,  dying  of  heart 
disease,  before  the  light  could  be  lighted.  His  re- 
mains were  buried  on  the  farm  and  he  was  sincerely 
mourned.  He  had  an  interest  in  the  Horse  Shoe  Bend 
placer  claim  and  moved  down  he 
own  the  old  Indian  Joe  place 
handling  stock  and  mining. 

The   son,    Frederick,   wa 

serving  in  Company  F  throughout  the  campaign.  Mr. 
Conklin  was  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  from  early 
manhood. 


1897-    They  now 
in  this  family  and  are 


in   the   Philippini 


HON.  FRANK  A.  FENN  is  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent men  of  the  state,  having  been  actively  engaged  in 
various  leading  capacities  since  the  early  days  and 
being  thoroughly  posted  in  the  history  of  the  division. 
He  is  a  man  of  marked  capabilities,  which  have  been 

while  in  his  every  Jay  walk,  Major  Fenn  has  always 
displayed  those  qualities  of  worth,  integrity,  sagaccity, 

broad  mind  and  fitted  for  weighty  responsibilities. 
A  detailed  account  of  his  life  and  of  the  activities  and 
enterprises  in  which  he  has  figured  prominently  would 
form  a  component  chapter  of  Idaho  history.  We  ap- 
pend an  epitome  while  in  another  portion  of  the  vol- 
ume will  appear  a  fuller  account  of  those  matters  more 
especially  connected  with  northern  Idaho. 

Frank  A.  Fern  was  born  in  Jefferson,  Nevada 
county,  California,  on  September  n,  1853,  being  the 
son  of  Stephen  S.  and  Rhoda  M.  Fenn.  The  father  was 
born  in  Watertown,  Connecticut,  on  March  8,  1820, 
whence  the  family  went  to  Lockport,  New  York,  when 
this  son  was  three  years  old.  When  twenty  he  went 
to  the  vicinity  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  in  1847  married 
and  in  1850  went  to  California,  crossing  the  plains.  He 
settled  on  the  Yuba  and  took  up  mining  and  general 
merchandising.  The  family  joined  him  in  1852  and 
there  remained  until  1862  when  a  move  was  made  to  the 
Salmon  river  mines,  where  Florence  is  now.  The 
father  mined  and  conducted  a  general  store  with  S.  A. 
Woodward.  From  1867  to  1872,  they  lived  in  Lew- 
iston  and  there  he  was  the  first  register  of  the  land  of- 
fice, being  appointed  by  President  Johnson.  Mr.  Fenn 
was  prosecuting  attorney  for  two  terms,  represented 
Idaho  county  in  the  legislature  five  sessions  and  was 
delegate  to  Congress  from  the  territory,  serving  from 
1874  to  1878.  He  died  on  December  9,  1892.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  St.  Albans,  Ver- 
mont, on  December  18.  1830.  She  married  in  1847, 
and  died  on  June  13,  1884.  She  was  a  noble  woman 
and  always  engaged  in  helping  the  sick  and  suffering. 
She  was  a  skillful  nurse  and  many  times  has  saved 
life  in  the  frontier  regions  by  her  timely  aid.  When 
crossing  the  plains  she  was  the  only  woman  in  the 
train  and  her  two  children  died  of  cholera  in  the  Platte 


458 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


river.  Our  subject  attended  public  schools  in  Nevada 
county  until  the  family  came  to  Idaho.  There  he  at- 
tended the  first  school  in  the  territory,  it  being  at 
Florence  and  taught  by  Mrs.  S.  E.  Robinson.  In 
1863  he  attended  school  in  Walla  Walla  and  took  a 
course  in  the  Whitman  Academy  when  it  first  opened 
in  the  winter  of  1865  and  1866.  In  1869  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  I.  K.  Shafer,  delegate  from  Idaho,  to  the 
United  States  Naval  Academy  and  there  sat  under  the 
training  of  such  men  as  Sampson,  Dewey  and  Schley. 
He  left  the  academy  in  1872  and  returned  to  Idaho 
where  he  took  up  teaching.  At  the  time  of  the  Indian 
war  of  1877,  Major  Fenn  was  first  lieutenant  of 
Company  B,  Second  Regiment  Idaho  Militia  and  was 
als.o  commissioned  adjutant  of  the  regiment  by  M. 
Brayman,  governor  of  the  territory.  He  was  with  Col- 
onel Perry  at  his  defeat  on  Whitebird  and  took  part  in 
the  Cottonwood  fight  when  seventeen  whites  were  at- 
tacked by  one  hundred  and  forty-two  savages.  His 
horse  was  shot  and  his  lip  wounded,  but  otherwise 
he  came  out  sound  from  the  awful  struggle.  Follow- 
ing this  he  was  in  charge  of  the  commissary  de- 
partment at  Mt.  Idaho.  Then  our  subject  took  up 
farming  five  miles  north  from  Mt.  Idaho,  but  later 
sold  his  half  section  there  and  raised  sheep  on  the 
Whitebird.  Selling  out  this  line  Mr.  Fenn  was 
admitted  at  the  supreme  court  in  Boise  to  practice  law, 
where  he  resided  from  1890  to  1901.  Previous  to  this 
Mr.  Fenn  had  been  postmaster  in  Mt.  Idaho,  deputy 
district  court  clerk  of  the  county  and  also  in  1886  he 
was  chosen  to  represent  the  county  in  the  legislature. 
He  was  also  elected  again  in  1890,  the  first  state  legis- 
lature, and  held  the  important  position  of  speaker  of 
the  house.  From  April,  1891,  to  1895,  he  was  chief 
clerk  of  the  state  land  board,  and  in  1896  was  chosen 
representative  from  Ada  county,  being  the  only  Re- 
publican in  the  entire  legislature.  In  1896  he  wa's  sec- 
retary of  the  Republican  state  committee.  When  the 
Spanish  war  broke  out,  Major  Fenn  offered  his  services 
and  was  appointed  captain  of  Company  H,  First  Idaho 
Volunteers.  He  was  acting  major  from  April,  1899,  to 
September,  1899,  when  he  was  promoted  to  major.  He 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Manila,  August  13,  1898, 
Santa  Anna,  February  5,  1899,  Colcocan,  February '10 
and  n,  1899  and  in  September  of  that  year  he  re- 
ceived an  honorable  discharge.  In  June,  1901,  the 
major  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  United 
States  forest  reserves  in  Idaho  and  Montana  and  re- 
moved to  Kooskia,  where  we  find  him  at  the  present 

On  December  16,  1877,  Mr.  Fenn  was  married  to 
Miss  Florence  E.,  daughter  of  Russell  and  Margaret 
K.  (Rice)  Hobbrook,  who  were  born  on  September  30, 
1830,  in  Ohio,  and  December  16,  1839,  in  Missouri, 
respectively.  The  father  came  to  Oregon  in  an  early 
day,  being"  an  orphan  and  took  up  stock  raising.  He 
was  in  the  Rogue  river  and  Modoc  wars  and  is  now 
living  near  Whitebird.  The  mother  came  with  her 
parents  across  the  plains  in  1844  with  the  second 
Whitman  train.  Mrs.  Fenn's  father  and  grandfather 
opened  the  first  livery  stable  in  Portland.  She  at- 
tended school  in  Idaho,  Washington.  Her  birth  place 


was  near  Hillsboro,  Oregon,  on  January  13,  1861,  and 
she  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Eugene, 
Oscar,  Ephriam,  Carrie  Fenn,  Nannie  Hansen.  Mr. 
Fenn  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  George 
G.,  Walter  A.,  Stephen  S.,  Jr.,  Nettie  M.  Hansen.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fenn  there  have  been  born  five  children, 
Fred  D.,  born  September  12,  1878;  Homer  E.,  born 
June  4,  1881;  Lloyd  A.;  born  November  9,  1884; 
Rhoda  M.,  born  April  8,  1890;  Florence  A.,  born 
March  12,  1892. 

Major  Fenn  is  a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge  of  Ma- 
sons and  of  the  W.  of  W.,  while  his  wife  belongs  to 
the  Women  of  Woodcraft.  Mrs.  Fenn  and  the  chil- 
dren also  belong  to  the  Christian  church. 


ANDREW  J.  WILLIAMS,  one  of  the  property 
owners  of  Kooskia,  is  also  engaged  in  farming  just 
northeast  from  the  town.  He  is  one  of  the  enterprising 
men  of  the  section  and  was  one  who  first  came  to  the 
site  of  Stuart  and  located.  Andrew  J.  Williams  was 
born  in  Grayville,  Illinois,  on  March  6,  1834.  being  the 
the  son  of  Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  (Anderson)  Will- 
iams, born  in  1781  in  North  Carolina,  and  in  1789,  in 
South  Carolina,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  pio- 
neer in  Illinois,  served  in  the  war  of  1812.  and  died 
in  1839.  The  mother  died  in  February,  1857.  Our 
subject  was  reared  and  educated  at  the  Skillet  forks 
of  the  Wabash  and  remained  with  his  parents  until 
he  was  eighteen  years  old,  at  which  time  he  removed  to 
Marshall  county,  Iowa.  In  this  section  he  farmed 
from  1846  to  1857  and  then  went  to  Kansas,  remain- 
ing until  1859,  in  which  year  he  was  led  by  the  gold 
excitement  to  Pikes  Peak.  Four  years  were  consumed 
in  the  search  for  the  precious  metal,  then  he  returned 
to  Iowa,  settling  near  Council  Bluffs.  Two  years  later 
Mr.  Williams  removed  to  Buffalo  county, '  Nebraska 
and  in  1868  he  went  to  Cherokee  county,  Kansas. 
It  was  1874  that  he  made  the  long  journey  to  the  Pa- 
louse  country  and  there  he  farmed  until  1892,  exper- 
iencing the  dangers  and  loss  of  the  Indian  outbreak.  In 
the  year  last  mentioned  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of 
Grangeville  and  purchased  a  farm,  which  he  sold  upon 
the  opening  of  the  reservation.  He  settled  where 
Stuart  is  now  and  at  once  opened  a  livery  stable.  He 
continued  in  the  operation  of  that  with  his  son  until 
1900,  when  he  leased  it  and  also  other  business  prop- 
erty which  he  owns  there  and  took  up  his  abode  at 
East  Stuart. 

On  November  16,  1856,  Mr.  Williams  married 
Miss  Persis,  daughter  of  Masury  and  Mary  (Wright) 
Woodward,  natives  of  Vermont,  and  born  March  18, 
1802,  and  September  23,  1805,  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  pioneer  in  Ohio,  went  to  Iowa  when  sixty 
and  farmed ;  he  died  in  1890,  aged  eighty-eight.  The 
mother  comes  from  old  Puritan  stock,  and  her  father 
was  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812  and  died  aged  ninety- 
nine.  She  died  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  in  1890.  Mrs. 
Williams  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Fay- 
ette,  Lucius,  Rena  Householder.  The  following  children 
have  been  born  to  this  worthy  couple :  Wells  R.,  born 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


January  17.  1858,  and  now  in  Reno,  Nevada;  Charles 
F.,  born  January  15,  1867,  now  deceased;  Andrew  J., 
Jr.,  born  December  24,  1869:  Lew  Wallace  and  Fred 
F.,  twins,  born  July  7,  1872.  Mr.  Williams  was  county 
commissioner  in  Nebraska,  and  justice  of  the  peace 
in  Kansas.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican.  Mrs.  Williams 
is  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church. 


JAMES  STUART.  It  is  with  great  pleasure  that 
we  are  enabled  to  place  upon  the  records  of  the  history 
of  northern  Idaho  an  epitome  of  the  career  of  the  capa- 
ble and  esteemed  gentleman  whose  labors  have  accom- 
plished so  much  in  Nez  Perces  and  Idaho  counties,  for 
the  advancement  of  these  counties,  for  the  uplifting  of 
the  Nez  Perces,  for  the  general  welfare  of  all.  A  mov- 
ing spirit  in  that  most  important  enterprise,  both  to  the 
Indians  and  the  other  people,  the  opening  for  settle- 
ment of  the  reservation,  a  keen  observer  of  the  needs 
of  the  Indians  and  nerved  with  a  powerful  spirit  to  ac- 
complish the  provision  of  these  needs,  a  man  of  ability 
in  many  lines  as  will  be  evidenced,  and  having  the  hap- 
py ability  to  accomplish  things  which  will  greatly  accel- 
erate the  chariot  of  progress  for  all,  it  is  eminently 
fitting  that  Mr.  Stuart  should  be  granted  representation 
in  the  chronicles  of  these  counties,  where  he  has  ac- 
complished so  much. 

Janies  Stuart  was  born  at  Spokane  falls,  in  Oc- 
tober, 1863.  the  son  of  James  and  Susan  (Mitchel) 
Stuart.  The  father  was  born  on  March  14,  1832,  in 
Harrison  county,  Virginia.  His  parents,  Robert  and 
Nancy  C.  Stuart,  moved  to  Bureau  county,  Illinois,  in 
1836.  Two  years  later  they  went  to  Muscatine  county, 
Iowa,  which' was  then  inhabited  almost  exclusively  by 
the  Sacs,  Foxes,  Musquakees,  and  other  Indians. 
There  James  Stuart  was  reared  and  educated  by  his 
parents,  completing  his  training  in  the  high  school  in 
Iowa  City,  in  1848.  The  father  returned  from  Cali- 
fornia and  went  thither  again  with  his  sons,  James  and 
Granville.  He  returned  to  Iowa  and  they  mined  and 
herded  stock  and  fought  in  the  Rogue  river  Indian  war. 
Desiring  to  return  to  the  states,  they  were  diverted 
from  the  trip  on  account  of  the  Mormon  troubles  and 
went  to  Montana.  They  hunted,  trapped,  prospected, 
and  the  father  of  our  subject  was  the  first  man  to  dis- 
cover gold  on  Gold  creek.  He  was  the  first  sheriff  elect 
of  Missoula  county,  Washington  Territory,  and  the 
first  one  in  the  Rockies  north  of  Colorado.  As  sher- 
iff he  hung  Spellman,  a  horse  thief,  which  was  the 
first  legal  execution  in  Montana,  then  Washington  Ter- 
ritory. Mr.  James  Stuart  was  elected  captain,  with 
power  absolute,  of  the  first  party  of  explorers  of  the 
Yellowstone  country.  The  expedition  left  Bannock 
City,  on  April  9,  1863,  and  returned,  having  had  many 

June  24th.  Mr.  Stuart  was  a  physician  and  surgeon 
and  was  always  prompt  to  relieve  suffering  without 
recompense.  In  1864  he  was  elected  to  represent  Deer 
Lodge  county  in  the  legislature.  Mr.  Stuart  was  em- 
inently successful  in  dealing  with  the  Indians,  being 
equitable,  just,  gentle  and  yet  possessed  of  that  firm 


resolution,  iron  will  and  unflinching  courage  demanded 
in  those  dealings.  He  spoke  the  native  languages 
with  ease  and  skill  and  stood  high  in  the  estimation  of 
the  best  men  of  all  tribes  where  he  dealt.  Mr.  James 
Stuart  died  on  September  30,  1873,  aged  forty-two. 
He  was  a  junior  of  the  grand  lodge  of  Masons  of 
Montana.  His  brother  Granville  was  minister  to  Peru, 
under  Cleveland's  administration.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  1844,  and  her  mother  was  a  full- 
blooded  Nez  Perces  woman,  and  her  father  a  French 
Canadian.  She  died  in  April,  1892. 

Our  subject  was  reared  mostly  on  the  Nez  Perces 
reservation,  was  well  educated  at  the  government 
schools,  also  learned  the  cabinet  trade  there.  He  at- 
tended the  school  at  Forest  Grove  and  took  a  complete 
course  in  civil  engineering.  In  the  fall  of  1885  Mr. 

that  until  the,  government  undertook  the  allotment  and 
then  he  was  interpreter  for  Miss  Alice  Fletcher,  who 
was  government  allotment  agent.  This  continued  un- 
til the  fall  of  1893.  Then  the  government  treated  with 
the  Indians  and  under  a  clause  they  were  to  have  a 
surveyor  and  Mr.  Stuart  was  appointed  to  this  posi- 
tion. In  1895  he  resigned  and  went  to  general  mer- 
chandising. Later  he  sold  out  and  opened  in  the  furni- 
ture and  undertaking  business  in  Kooskia.  He  owns 
several  allotments,  town  property,  his  store  and  other 
property  and  is  doing  a  good  business.  Mr.  Stuart 
has  one  half-sister,  Nancy  Spencer,  on  the  Clear- 
water  ;  two  half  brothers,  'Robert  and  Richard,  both 
in  Montana. 

Mr.  Stuart  was  judge  of  the  police  court  in  1893 
and  in  1895  he  was  interpreter  for  a  party  of  Indians 
who  went  to  Washington,  D.  C..  and  in  the  spring  of 
1902  was  elected  by  the  tribe  to  investigate  all  records 
concerning  treaties  and  stipulations  between  the  gov- 
ernment and  the  tribe.  He  ascertained  that  a  balance 
of  nearly  twenty  thousand  dollars  was  due  and  unpaid 
on  an  old  treaty  and  is  taking  steps  to  collect  this  for 
the  Indians.  Mr.  Stuart  is  a  strong  Republican  and  he 
and  his  wife  both  belong  to  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  fought  hard  and  long  for  the  opening  of  the  res- 
ervation and  was  the  first  to  put  his  name  to  the  treaty, 
although  his  life  was  threatened  for  so  doing.  He 
takes  great  interest  in  building  up  and  forwarding  the 
interests  of  the  Indians  and  leading  them  to  better  edu- 
cation and  more  thorough  civilization.  He  has  opened 
a  real  estate  office  in  Kooskia  for  the  sale  of  allotments 
of  Indians  who  have  died,  as  the  heirs  are  now  allowed 
to  sell,  by  a  recent  law.  He  is  devoting  considerable 
attention  to  reading  law  in  addition  to  his  other  busi- 
ness and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  county. 


MANUEL  C.  MORRIS  is  one  of  the  industrious 
and  stirring  farmers  dwelling  about  eight  miles  north- 
east from  Greencreek  upon  a  quarter  section  which  he 
secured  by  homestead  right  and  which  by  his  labor  and 
skill  is  being  made  a  valuable  farm,  well  tilled  and  sub- 
stantially improved.  He  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Or- 


46o 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


egon,  on  N9vember  25,  1864,  the  son  of  Nathaniel  M. 
and  Margaret  A.  (Propst)  Morris.  When  our  subject 
was  eight  the  family  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Farm- 
ington,  Washington,  and  he  had  but  scanty  opportuni- 
ty to  attend  school.  He  remained  with  his  parents  un- 
til the  time  of  his  majority  and  then  started  to  do  for 
himself.  Having  a  span  of  horses  and  harness  he  went 
to  tilling  the  soil  of  a  rented  place.  He  did  well  in  his 
venture  until  the  panic  struck  the  country,  and,  with 
hosts  of  others,  he  lost  considerable,  but  by  continued 
industry  and  persistent  efforts,  he  was  enabled  to  pay 
all  obligations  and  in  1896,  he  came  to  his  present  place 
and  filed.  The  following  harvest  found  him  working 
in  the  Palouse  and  after  the  last  debt  had  been  squared 
he  came  to  his  farm  with  a  capital  of  thirty  dollars. 
All  his  property  at  the  present  time  has  been  secured 
by  his  industry'  and  thrift  since.  He  has  his  farm  all 
fenced,  owns  thirty-five  hogs,  fifteen  horses  and  twelve 
cattle.  He  cultivates  a  third  of  the  land;  has  orchard 
and  buildings  and  is  on  the  road  to  prosperity. 

At  Farmington,  Washington,  on  February  4,  1890, 
Mr.  Morris  married  Mrs.  Arminna  J.  Simmons,  the 
daughter  of  William  R.  and  Sarah  (Gulliford)  Cooper, 
natives  of  Missouri  and  born  on  August  8,  1835,  ar>d 
February  15.  1838,  respectively.  Mrs.  Morris  was 
born  in  Oregon,  on  September  10,  1863,  and  her  first 
husband  was  A.  I.  Simmons,  a  bookkeeper  at  The 
Dalles.  By  her  first  marriage  she  has  one  son,  William 
S.,  born  at  The  Dalles,  on  January  6,  1884.  Mrs. 
Morris  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters  :  Thomas 
J.,  Jacob  W.,  Zilpha  A.,  Viola  J.,  Alildy,  Ida  Dell,  Ar- 
banna  B.,  Maud  E.  Air.  Morris  has  six  brothers  and 
three  sisters,  Henry  R.,  Anthony  P.,  John  W.,  Clar- 
ence L.,  Thomas  j.,  Albert  J.,  Eva  M.,  Minnie  M., 
Lucinda  A.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morris  are  stanch  Republi- 
cans and  take  a  keen  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
county  and  state  and  its  political  questions. 


EDWIN  C.  VANDEBURGH  resides  eight  miles 
south  of  Whitebird,  where  in  partnership  with  his  son 
Jerry  he  farms  and  raises  stock.  He  was  born  on 
July  26,  1840,  in  Green  county,  New  York,  the  son 
of  'Peter  and  Mary  J.  (Martin)  Vandeburgh.  The 
father  was  born  in"  Dutchess  county,  New  York,  and 
enlisted  in  the  Civil  war.  He  served  for  two  years  and 
was  discharged  on  account  of  poor  health,  dying  one 
year  after  this.  The  mother  was  born  at  Catskill, 
New  York,  and  died  in  Clinton  county,  Missouri, 
in  her  ninety-sixth  year.  The  family  removed  to 
Rock  Island  county,  Illinois,  when  our  subject  was  a 
boy,  and  he  remained  at  home  until  1858,  and  then 
sta'rted  for  Pikes  Peak,  walking  as  far  as  Nebraska 
City,  after  which  he  drove  six  yoke  of  cattle  on  through. 
He  helped  open  up  some  of  the  first  mines  on  Gregory 
gulch,  and  was  successful.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in 
Company  K,  First  Colorado  Cavalry,  under  General 
Canby,  was  sent  to  New  Mexico,  and  fought  in  the 
battle  of  Apache  canyon  on  the  Rio  Grande.  In  1862 
he  was  on  the  Arkansas  river  and  was  in  a  battle 
where  about  six  hundred  Indians  were  killed,  all  the 


savages  being  killed  except  one  man  and  two  papooses. 
The  two  papooses,  a  boy  and  a  girl,  were  sent  to 
President  Lincoln,  who  placed  them  in  school.  Our 
subject  was  discharged  from  service  on  October  26, 
1865,  and  on  November  loth,  following,  he  started  for 
Montana,  but  as  the  mules  died,  he  went  on  foot  to 
Salt  Lake,  and  the  next  spring  went  to  Aldar  gulch. 
In  the  spring  of  '66  he  caihe  through  the  Salmon  river 
country,  and  in  1869  went  to  Portland. 

On  August  4,  1870,  Mr.  Vandeburgh  married 
Airs.  Elizabeth  Brown,  who  was  born  in  1842  in  In- 
diana. Her  parents,  Dr.  J.  and  Maria  J.  Clark,  were 
early  pioneers  in  Iowa,  Clarksville  being  named  for 
them.  The  father  came  west  to  Portland  in  1869  by 
team,  in  1873  went  to  Dayton,  Washington,  and  died 
in  1895.  The  mother  died  in  1875.  Both  were  devout 
members  of  the  Christian  church.  Our  subject  came 
to  Dayton,  Washington,  in  the  summer  of  1871  and 
engaged  in  farming  until  '93.  Then  he  mined  until 
1898,  when  he  came  to  his  present  place.  Four  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vandeburgh, 
Peter  and  Jerry,  twins;  Roxey,  wife  of  Daniel  Bow- 
man, of  Dayton ;  Rosa,  wife  of  George  Reed,  of 
Crook's  Corral.  Peter  married  Miss  Viola  Johnson. 
Jerry  is  in  partnership  with  is  father  in  raising  stock, 
and  owns  a  homestead,  which  is  a  fine  place,  well 
improved.  Mr.  Vandeburgh  and  his  sons  own  a  fine 
copper  property,  which  gives  promise  of  great  value. 
In  Dayton,  in  1892,  Mr.  Vandeburgh  raised -22,000 
sacks  of  grain. 


FRANKLIN  P.  TURNER  is  one  of  the  skilled 
civil  engineers  who  has  labored  all  over  the  western 
country  and  has  assisted  materially  in  opening  the  way 
for  the  ingress  of  civilization.  At  present  he  has  re- 
tired from  this  line  of  labor  and  has  given  himself  to 
the  art  of  agriculture,  residing  one  and  one-half  miles 
east  from  Lorena. 

Franklin  P.  Turner  was  born  in  Alonroe  county, 
Indiana,  on  August  30,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Andrew 
J.  and  Mary  L.  (Whitson)  Turner,  natives  of  Indiana, 
and  born  in  October,  1827,  and  on  March  27,  1827,  re- 
spectively. They  still  live  in  Kansas.  The  father 
came  from  an  old  North  Carolina  family,  was  a  pioneer 
to  Kansas  and  in  1854  went  thence  to  Iowa,  but  re- 
turned two  years  later.  He  took  part  in  the  border 
warfare  and  helped  to  drive  Price  out.  He  dwells 
near  Ossawattomie,  having  a  good  farm  there.  The 
mother  comes  from  a  Virginia  family  and  two  brothers, 
Solon  and  Numa,  fought  in  the  Alexican  war.  She 
was  married  in  October,  1853.  Our  subject  was 
brought  up  in  Kansas,  took  a  course  in  the  state  nor- 
mal and  a  special  training  in  civil  engineering  in  the 
state  agricultural  institution  at  Manhattan.  In  1870 
he  went  to  Colorado,  but  soon  returned  to  his  studies. 
He  also  trained  in  a  drug  store.  In  1874  Mr.  Turner 
was  again  in  Colorado,  and  in  1875  he  went  across  the 
plains  and  in  1877  he  was  back  in  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory. He  travelled  in  Texas  and  Kansas  and  in  1880 
he  was  in  Albuquerque.  He  did  engineer  work  on 
the  Rio  Grande,  saw  the  Southern  Pacific  join  th< 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Santa  Fe  at  Deming,  New  Mexico,  in  1881,  then' 
went  thence  through  Arizona  to  San  Diego  and  made 
his  way  by  steamer  up  the  coast  to  Tacoma,  where 
he  learned  of  the  assassination  of  Garfield.  On  August 
30,  1881,  Mr.  Turner  landed  on  Camas  prairie,  taught 
school,  followed  his  profession  later  on  the  Northern 
Pacific,  also  in  California  and  Utah,  and  did  much  gov- 
ernment surveying  near  Ft.  Mojava,  and  in  April, 
1884,  he  landed  again  in  Camas  Prairie.  He  lived  near 
Grangeville  until  the  fall  of  1889,  when  he  purchased 
his  present  place.  Mr.  Turner  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Emma  Barber,  Margaret  Day, 
John  W.,  George  W.,  Andrew  J.,  Elsie  M.  Dillman. 

On  March  2,  1886,  Mr.  Turner  married  Miss 
Eleanor  M.,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Realda  (Willis) 
Wilmot.  Her  father  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1803, 
was  reared  there  and  learned  the  trade  of  a  millwright. 
He  did  labor  through  the  central  states,  came  to  the 
coast  in  1865  and  two  years  later  to  the  south  fork  of 
the  Clearwater.  In  1870  he  settled  near  Grangeville 
and  made  furniture,  the  only  furniture  to  be  had  then. 
He  died  in  1886.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Turner  was 
born  in  Wisconsin  and  died  in  1860.  Mrs.  Turner  was 
born  on  April  8,  1853,  in  Charles  county,  Missouri, 
where  she  was  raised.  In  1881  she  joined  her  father. 
She  is  one  of  the  noble  pioneer  women  of  this  section 
and  remained  here  for  more  than  a  year  seeing  no  one 
but  Indians.  She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters:  Asinith  Riggins,  John  W.,  Emma  Caerley, 
Thomas,  Sarah  Bratton,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tur- 
ner have  the  following  children :  Wilmot  C,  Forest 
P.,  Andrew  J.,  Frank  R.,  Mary  E.  In  1885  Mr.  Tur- 
ner was  elected  county  surveyor  on  the  Democratic 
ticket.  He  served  until  1889.  In  1897  he  published 
the  Alta  Idaho  Area,  a  Populist  organ,  which  in  1899 
became  the  Socialist  exponent.  Mr.  Turner  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 


OSCAR  M.  EVANS  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and 
successful  agriculturists  of  Idaho  county.  He  lives 
seven  miles  south  of  Whitebird  and  is  a  man  of  good 
standing.  He  was  born  in  Caldwell  county,  Missouri, 
on  September  8.  1837,  the  son  of  Horace  and  Candace 
(Judd)  Evans.  The  father  of  Horace  Evans  was  a 
native  of  Massachusetts.  The  father  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire  in  1810  and  the  mother  was  born  in  Ohio 
in  1820.  Our  subject  went  with  his  parents  to  Illinois 
when  but  a  child  and.  from  there  to  Fremont  county. 
Iowa,  where  his  parents  both  died.  He  had  received 
a  good  education,  then  went  to  Otoe  countv,  Nebraska, 
where  he  was  married  September  14,  1862,  to  Cath- 
erine E.  Jemison,  who  was  born  September  i,  1841. 
Her  parents  were  John  and  Catherine  Jemison.  After 
marriage  Mr.  Evans  settled  in  Mitchell  county,  Kansas, 
and  in  1888  they  came  to  Pullman,  Washington,  and 
engaged,  in  farming.  In  1890  he  was  in  Latah  coun- 
ty, Idaho,  and  eight  years  later  Mr.  Evans  entered  a 
homestead  on  his  present  farm.  He  has  good  land, 
a  nice  young  orchard,  plenty  of  timber,  does  general 
farming  and  raises  cattle,  horses  and  hogs.  The  fol- 


lowing children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage :  Oscar 
H.,  near  Whitebird ;  Horace  E.,  near  Moscow  :  Marion 
F.,  in  Mitchell  county,  Kansas ;  Mrs.  Catherine  E.  Poe, 
near  Whitebird ;  Mrs.  Lucinda  J.  Harper,  in  West  Vir- 
ginia; Mrs.  Mary  E.  McBlair,  in  Mitchell  county, 
Kansas;  Mrs.  Lillie  D.  Burlinghoff,  near  \\liitebird; 
Airs.  Eva  Eppler,  deceased;  John  D.;  Rosa  A.  Mrs. 
Burlinghoff's  husband,  Charles  B.,  was  killed  on 
February  10,  1900. 


FRANKLIN  SHISSLER.  It  is  now  our  pleasant 
privilege  to  chronicle  an  epitome  of  the  career  of  this 
estimable  and  doughty  pioneer,  whose  labors  in  the 
state  and  territory  of  Idaho  have  been  of  permanent 
value  to  the  country  where  he  has  wrought ;  especially 
in  Idaho  county  has  he  done  much  to  aid  in  develop- 
ment and  to  open  the  way  for  others  to  come  in  and 
make  homes.  His  name  is  indissolubly  connected  with 
the  county  of  Idaho  in  many  prominent  ways,  both 
in  inaugurating  industries,  and  maintaining  the  same 
with  mammoth  improvements,  which  he  managed  and 
completed. 

Franklin  Shissler  was  born  in  Sunbury,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  October  28,  1830,  being1  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Anna  (Long)  Shissler,  both  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  descendants  of  old  and  prominent  Dutch 
families.  The  father's  parents  were  massacred  by 
Indians ;  the  maternal  grandfather  was  living  on  the 
Brandywine  during  the  Revolution.  He  was  captain 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  detailed  with  his  com- 
pany to  Blackrock  with  his  men,  but  as  no  supplies 
were  forwarded,  they  had  great  suffering.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  at  Port  Carbon,  Pennsylvania,  and 
finished  his  education  in  the  Potts ville  Academy,  after 
which  he  became  an  expert  machinist.  He  wrought 
in  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  and  when  twenty-two 
took  passage  for  Melbourne,  Australia,  where  he  mined 
for  two  years,  then  wrought  at  his  trade,  and  in  1855 
came  to  San  Francisco.  He  mined  in  California  and 
Oregon  until  1862,  in  which  year  he  came  to  Idaho, 
since  which  time  he  has  been  one  of  the  active  and 
progressive  men  of  this  section.  He  has  been  occupied 
in  all  the  various  industries,  of  packing,  sawmilling, 
ranching,  general  merchandising,  and  mining.  He 
built  the  first  and  for  a  long  time  the  only  sawmill  in 
Idaho  county.  This  was  constructed  at 'great  effort 
and  was  of  untold  benefit  to  the  country.  Mr.  Shissler 
built  two  bridges  across  the  Salmon,  and  this  great 
labor  has  had  a  wonderful  effect  in  stimulating  com- 
mercial relations  and  travel.  He  raised  many  race 
horses  here  and  also  did  a  general  farming  business 
on  his  ranch.  He  was  in  the  Indian  war  of  1877,  and 
did  excellent  work  in  constructing  the  fort.  Since  1884 
he  has  been  postmaster  at  Rustic  and  now  at  New- 
some,  where  he  also  handles  a  general  merchandise 
business.  Mr.  Shissler  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  Mount  Idaho  Lodge,  No.  9,  and  has  belonged 
to  this  order  since  1864.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Idaho  County  Pioneer  Society.  Mr.  Shissler  has  one 
brother  living,  Henry,  in  Pennsylvania,  who  was  in 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  medical  department  of  the  Civil  war.  He  also 
has  some  brothers  dead,  mentioned  as  follows:  Will- 
iam, killed  in  the  Civil  war;  Edward,  major  in  the  Civil 
war;  George,  also  in  Civil  war,  both  deceased;  John, 
in  Civil  war  three  years,  now  deceased. 

At  Slate  Creek  on  the  Salmon,  on  February  i, 
1866,  Mr.  Shissler  married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Frederick  A.  and  Susan  (Gordon)  Shearer.  Mr. 
Shearer  is  a  native  of  Frederick  City,  Maryland,  is 
a  cousin  of  Admiral  Schley,  and  now  lives  in  New- 
some.  He  was  born  in  1816,  and  has  three  living 
generations  of  descendants.  He  came  to  California, 
via  the  -Isthmus,  in  1852,  and  was  in  the  mercantile 
business  in  Marysville  until  1860.  Then  he  went  to 
Siskiyou  county,  and  in  1862  came  to  Idaho.  He  was 
probate  judge  for  seven  years  and  was  always  a  promi- 
nent Democrat.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Shissler  was  born 
in  Waynesboro,  Pennsylvania,  on  March  25,  1818,  and 
died  on  her  birthday,  in  1900.  Mrs.  Shisslers  two 
uncles  are  in  the  regular  army,  one  is  General  David 
Gordon,  and  the  other  is  Captain  Charles  G.  Gordon, 
of  the  Civil  war,  both  retired.  Mrs.  Shissler  has  one 
brother  deceased,  George  M.,  who  was  a  major  in  the 
Confederate  army,  and  served  on  Bradley  T.  John- 
son's staff.  He  came  to  Idaho  and  married  a  sister  of 
J.  P.  Vollmer.  The  following  children  were  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shissler:  Frederick,  Harry,  George, 
John,  Susie  Ingram,  Mary  E.  Pettibone ;  also  these, 
who  are  deceased:  Louisa,  Virginia,  Elizabeth,  Annie 
and  Edward. 


JOHN  B.  RICE.  The  subject  of  this  article  is  a 
business  man  in  Westlake,  being  the  owner  and  oper- 
ator of  a  good  drug  store  at  this  place.  He  is  num- 
bered with  the  most  enterprising  men  of  the  section, 
and  his  endeavors  have  been  crowned  with  the  meed 
of  success. 

John  B.  Rice  was  born  in  New  York  city  on  June 
8,  1867,  the  son  of  William  M.  and  Sarah  M.  (West- 
lake)  Rice.  The  father  was  born  in  Troy,  New  York, 
and  is  now  a  commission  merchant  in  Seattle.  He 
was  a  pioneer  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  was  twice 
elected  probate  judge  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  is 

our  subject  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  in  1849, 
and  still  lives.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Cornwall, 
England,  and  her  mother  was  born  in  America.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  was  pre- 
paring for  Amherst  College  when  the  parents  came 
west  and  settled  at  Lewiston  in  1882,  where  he  grew 
to  manhood.  In  1882  his  father  established  the  first 
store  on  the  reservation,  at  Lapwai,  by  government 
permit,  giving  our  subject  charge  of  it.  They  also 
had  a  store  at  Lewiston  and  another  at  Juliaetta.  Af- 
ter this  our  subject  went  into  Moxley's  drug  store  at 
Lewiston  and  learned  the  apothecary's  art.  In  1889 
he  came  to  Idaho  county  and  filed  on  the  site  of  the 
present  town  of  Westlake,  which  was  so  named  from 
his  mother's  ancestors.  He  and  his  father  secured  a 
section  and  in  1895  laid  out  the  town  and  opened  a 
mercantile  establishment.  In  1900  John  B.  sold  out 


and  opened  a  drug  store,  where  we  find  him  at  the 
present  time. 

On  May  16,  1897,  in  Westlake,  Mr.  Rice  married 
Miss  Florence,  daughter  of  George  and  Elmina  Bab- 
cock,  natives  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  respect- 
ively, and  now  living  near  Forest.  Mrs.  Rice  was  born 
in  Wisconsin,  on  August  12,  1873,  and  has  two  broth- 
ers and  one  sister, — Esther,  Charles,  Ross.  Mr.  Rice 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters :  Louise, 
Maude,  Florence,  Grace,  William,  Archibald,  Ernest. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, — Jessie, 
Lonita,  Dorothy.  Mr.  Rice  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.  of  Westlake.  Mrs.  Rice  is  a  member  of  the 
Seventh  Day  Adventist  church.  Mr.  Rice  is  a  Demo- 
crat and  active  in  political  matters.  He  has  control  of 
the  mail  route  from  Westlake  to  Ferdinand,  and  also 
sells  real  estate. 


GEORGE  C.  POE  resides  about  eight  miles  south 
of  Whitebird,  and  was  born  August  19,  1862,  in  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  the  son  of  William  and  Jane  (Ber- 
netta)  Poe.  They  crossed  the  plains  with  an  ox  team 
in  a  very  early  day,  being  among  the  earliest  pioneers 
in  western  Oregon,  and  when  this  son  was  very  young 
they  both  died.  He  was  the  fifth  of  a  family  of  ten 
children,  and  as  far  back  as  he  can  remember  he  had 
to  do  for  himself.  He  visited  various  places  and 
worked  for  a  salary  during  the  early  years  of  his  life 
and  in  1881  went  on  the  Northern  Pacific  near  Rath- 
drum  and  took  a  contract  of  making  ties.  In  June 
of  that  year  he  was  in  the  little  village  of  Rathdrum 
when  "Poker  Jack"  insulted  a  squaw.  She  struck  him 
and  he  slapped  her  in  return.  She  immediately  gave 
the  war  whoop,  and  within  a  very  few  minutes  two 
hundred  infuriated  braves  were  on  the  track  of  "Poker 
Jack,"  and  by  the  mere  skin  of  his  teeth  he  was  saved 
from  their  hands.  From  here  Mr.  Poe  went  to  Walla 
Walla.  He  started  to  California  and  at  Polk  county, 
Oregon,  on  the  way,  was  taken  with  typhoid  fever. 
He  was  very  much  depleted  by  the  disease,  and  when 
he  was  able  returned  to  Walla  Walla.  Next  we  see  him 
in  British  Columbia,  and  then  near  Pullman,  Wash- 
ington, in  which  town  he  was  married  on  October  5, 
1890,  Miss  Katie  Evans  becoming  his  bride.  She 
was  born  on  April  20,  1868,  in  Otoe  county,  Nebraska, 
the  daughter  of  Oscar  M.  and  Emma  C.  (Jamison) 
Evans.  The  mother  died  in  1892  and  the  father  lives 
near  Wrhitebird.  Our  subject  came  to  his  present  home 
in  July,  1894.  He  now  owns  a  half  section  of  good 
land,  and  has  it  well  improved,  and  also  one  of  the  best 
residences  south  of  the  Salmon.  Mr.  Poe  handles 
cattle,  horses  and  hogs.  He  has  four  children, — 
Claude  F.,  Fred  M.,  Vera  and  Annata. 


GREEN  W.  DALLAS.  This  hardy  and  skilled 
prospector  and  millwright  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
of  this  whole  northwest  country  and  for  over 
half  a  century  he  has  wrought  in  this  and 
the  California  "  districts  of  minerals.  He  is  a 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


463 


man  of  keen  discrimination,  boundless  energy, 
practical  judgmnt  and  a  fund  of  knowledge  and 
experience  that  place  him  undoubtedly  in  the  lead 
in  his  line.  His  experience  would  fill  a  volume,  and  it 
is  a  matter  of  regret  that  we  cannot  grant  greater  space 
to  their  detail.  However,  we  will  note  the  more  salient 
points  in  his  career,  and  first  we  record  that  he  was 
born  in  Cooper  county,  Missouri,  on  February  13, 
1834,  his  parents  being  Joshua  A.  and  Mary  (Woods) 
Dallas.  The  family  was  prominent  in  Texas  history, 
and  the  town  of  Dallas  was  named  from  an  uncle,  who 
perished  in  the  Mexican  war  before  the  United  States 
interfered.  The  father  was  born  in  1799,  went  early 
to  Missouri,  took  part  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  and  died 
in  1882.  The  mother  was  born  in  1807  in 
west  Tennessee  and  died  in  Missouri  in  1844. 
Her  ancestors  were  doughty  Indian  fighters  un- 
der Daniel  Boone.  Our  subject  was  raised  and 
educated  in  Missouri  and  when  fourteen  began 
his  western  experience  by  driving  beef  cattle 
for  the  government  to  New  Mexico,  making  the  trip 
on  horseback.  On  September  15,  1853,  we  find  him  in 
Sacramento,  where  he  diligently  gave  himself  to  min- 
ing. Later  we  see  him  in  Florence,  and  in  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  Boise  basin  excitement  he  went  thither 
with  pack  trains,  and  from  that  time  for  many  years 
he  followed  that  adventurous  life.  He  packed  to 
Kootenai.  British  Columbia,  and  all  the  principal  camps 
in  the  northwest  in  the  sixties.  Mr.  Dallas  bought  a 
livery  stable  in  Lewiston,  but  the  life  was  too  quiet 
and  he  soon  sold  and  went  to  his  pack  trains  again.  He 
built  the  first  stamp  mill  in  Warren,  the  Pioneer,  and 
also  the  Rescue,  then  the  Hie  Jacet.  He  constructed  the 
Callender  in  Buffalo  Hump,  with  the  dwellings.  In 
Elk  he  built  the  Blue  Dragon,  and  the  Ajax  in  Dixie. 
Mr.  Dallas  was  an  active  participant  in  the  Indian 
outbreak  of  1877,  fighting  the  savages  and  doing  ex- 
cellent scout  work.  He  has  prospected  all  over  the 
coast  and  in  1902  was  in  the  Thunder  mountain  dis- 
trict and  believes  that  the  camp  is  to  be  one  of  the  great 
ones  of  the  world.  While  there  he  built  the  postoffice 
and  the  recorder's  office.  Air.  Dallas  has  placer  claims 
in  various  sections  and  is  one  of  the  most  skilled  men 
in  mining  in  the  state.  He  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  Elizabeth  Stevens,  Caley  Morris,  Nancy 
Morris,  Charles,  Susan  F.,  Evelyne,'  Sarah  A.,  John, 
Margaret,  Samantha,  Melissa.  Politically  Mr.  Dallas 


a   DC 


the 


of  the  landmarks  of  the  country,  his  labors  have 

paved  the  way  for  civilization,  he  has  shown  a  marked 
and  upright  walk,  he  has  won  the  respect  and  esteem 
of  all  and  he  has  done  his  part  in  building  up  the 


WILLIAM  WILSON  is  one  of  the  well  known 
early  settlers  of  this  section  of  the  country  and  his 
labors  have  been  successful  in  the  line  of  stock  raising 
and  farming.  At  present  he  is  dwelling  nine  miles  east 
from  Kooskia  and  has  a  good  farm  and  an  excellent 
orchard. 

William  Wilson  was  born  in  Switzerland  county. 


Indiana,  on  March  25,  1836,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Mahala  (Scott)  Wilson.  The  father  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1798.  He  was  a  successful  farmer  and  stock- 
man. In  early  days  he  went  to  Indiana  and  there  mar- 
ried, and  in  1844  another  move  was  made,  this  time  to 
Missouri.  It  was  1851  that  the  long  journey  to  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  was  made,  where  he  took  a  donation 
claim.  Later  he  lived  near  Pendleton  and  in  1876 
he  died  at  the  old  home  in  Linn  county.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Scotland,  married  in  1835 
and  died  in  1885.  William  was  raised  and  educated  in 
Linn  county  and  remained  with  his  parents  until  1856, 
when  he  started  to  raise  stock  for  himself  in  southern 
Oregon  and  northern  California.  In  1863  he  came 
to  eastern  Oregon  and  continued  in  the  same  business 
until  March  12,  1875,  when  he  came  to  the  Clearwater 
and  bought  a  squatter's  right.  This  was  abandoned  in 
1885  and  Mr.  Wilson  took  his  present  place  and  has 
devoted  himself  to  its  improvement  since. 

In  July,  1873,  Mr.  Wilson  married  Mary  Too- 
Ma-Les-Poo,  a  Nez  Perce  woman,  and  one  child  has 
been  born  to  them,  Howard,  born  in  1888.  Mr.  Wil- 
son has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  John  C., 
Prier,  Robert  E.,  James,  Marion,  deceased,  George. 

Mr.  Wilson  gives  an  interesting  item  gained  from 
the  councils  of  the  Nez  Perces,  having  attended  the 
same.  It  is  this  that  if  the  whites  had  not  shown  ter- 
ror and  became  panic  stricken,  the)  would  not  have 
been  molested  in  the  last  trouble. 


BENJAMIN  P.  BROWN.  Which  one  is  better 
known  of  the  old  pioneers  who  braved  the  trials  of  the 
early  days,  faced  the  dangers  incident  to  invading  a 
country  peopled  with  savages,  endured  the  hardships 
and  performed  the  labor  incident  to  opening  up  for 
civilization  the  vast  country  adjacent  to  the  Salmon 
river — who,  we  repeat,  is  better  known  among  these 
pioneers  than  Benjamin  P.  Brown.  One  by  one  differ- 
ent persons  have  stepped  upon  the  scene  of  action,  but 
now,  hale  and  hearty  in  the  golden  years  of  his  life, 
Mr.  Brown  is  dwelling  upon  his  ranch  seven  miles 
southeast  of  Whitebird,  which  he  took  from  the  wilds 
of  nature  over  thirty  years  ago.  "In  those  days," 
said  Mr.  Brown,  "the  luxuriant  bunch  grass  was  nearly 
to  one's  waist,  and  it  was  a  very  paradise  for  all  animal 
life." 

Benjamin  P.  Brown  was  born  November  8,  1832, 
in  the  southeastern  part  of  Missouri,  being  the  son  of 
James  and  Susan  (Richardson)  Brown,  natives  of 
Kentucky  and  Missouri,  respectively.  When  Benjamin 
P.  was  but  a  child  his  mother  was  called  across  the 
river  to  see  the  realities  of  the  world  beyond.  The 
lad  remained  with  his  father,  receiving  his  education 
and  training  until  manhood's  estate  arrived.  In  1852 
he  bade  farewell  to  the  scenes  and  places  of  his  youth, 
his  friends  and  loved  ones,  and  commenced  the  weary 
trip  across  the  sands  and  mountains  toward  the  set- 
ting sun.  Four  months  later  the  sturdy  young  man 
was  digging  gold  at  Downersville,  California.  He 
labored  in  various  camps  until  1858  and  then  went  to 


464 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


San  Francisco  and  by  ship  to  Bellingham  bay,  whence 
he  traveled  on  foot  into  the  Fraser  mines.  Shortly 
he  left  there  and  came  to  The  Dalles  and  the  next 
spring  he  went  to  Oro  Fino.  The  following  fall  found 
him  in  Florence,  and  in  all  the  camps  adjacent  to  the 
Salmon  Mr.  Brown  has  labored.  For  forty  years  he 
has  lived  in  this  section  and  knows  its  history  from 
beginning  to  end.  Since  1871  his  headquarters  have 
been  upon  his  ranch.  Mr.  Brown  has  been  quite  a 
hunter  in  his  day  and  during  the  Indian  troubles  of 
1877  he  was  a  scout  and  guide  for  General  Howard. 
He  participated  in  the  Clearwater  battle  and  in  other 
of  the  engagements.  Mr.  Brown  has  his  place  sup- 
plied with  average  improvements,  has  a  good  orchard 
and  is  living  in  quiet  retirement.  He  is  the  youngest 
of  a  family  of  seven  children  and  the  rest  are  all  dead. 
Since  sixteen  Mr.  Brown  has  faced  the  realities  of  the 
world  upon  his  own  resources.  He  has  done  duty  on 
the  frontier  of  the  entire  western  range,  has  packed 
his  blankets  over  manv  a  weary  trail,  has  met  face  to 
face  the  adversities  that  beset  the  pioneer  and  in  it 
all  has  manifested  a  determination,  a  reserve  force  and 
capabilities  that  mark  him  a  strong  man  of  courage 


JAMES  S.  GUSEMAN  lives  about  four  miles 
northeast  from  Greencreek,  where  he  owns  a  small  farm 
and  is  devoting  himself  to  its  improvement.  He  is  not 
one  of  the  earliest  pioneers,  but  is  one  of  the  industrious 
laborers  for  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  Idaho 
county,  and  stands  well  in  his  community.  He  was 
born  in  Lancaster,  Ohio,  on  December  24,  1849,  tne 
son  of  George  W.  and  Elizabeth  (Evans)  Guseman, 
natives  of  Ohio.  He  attended  school  during  his  youth- 
ful days  and  remained  under  the  parental  roof  until 
the  estate  of  manhood  arrived.  Then  he  went  to  In- 
diana to  visit  his  sister  and  later  journeyed  to  Kansas. 
In  that  state  he  was  employed  railroading  for  twenty 
years  and  was  an  experienced  hand  in  handling  a 
track.  He  then  traveled  to  various  portions  of  that 
state  and  later  to  all  the  northwestern  and  western 
states  and  territories  and  wrought  in  various  capacities 
and  had  much  experience  in  the  world.  Finally  in 
1898,  Mr.  Guseman  came  to  Cottonwood  and  at  once 
engaged  in  threshing  and  later  gave  his  attention  to 
farm  work  and  on  December  16,  1898,  he  settled  on  his 
present  place.  This  was  taken  as  a  homestead  and  in 

much  of  his  time  in  other  capacities  in  this  section. 
Mr.  Guseman  is  a  great  reader  and  a  well  informed 

born  in  Ohio,  on  February  5,  1848. 


CHARLES  M.  CAMPBELL.  Among  the  many 
who  have  wrought  for  the  upbuilding  and  advance- 
ment of  Idaho  county,  none  has  manifested  more  zeal, 
interest  and  skill  than  has  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
He  is  at  present  doing  a  general  farming  business, 
together  with  raising  stock,  about  four  miles  from 


Whitebird.  He  was  born  March  14,  1851,  in  Ray 
county,  Missouri,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Melinda 
(Snowden)  Campbell.  The  father  was  born  in  Indi- 
ana and  came  early  to  Missouri.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Ray  county,  Missouri,  and  both  died  in  1861. 
Our  subject  was  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  five  children, 
and  two  years  after  the  death  of  his  parents  he  went  to 
Florida  with  his  uncle,'  L.  B.  Campbell,  who  was  a 
physician.  The  doctor  organized  a  medicine  com- 
pany and  put  his  nephew  with  him,  traveling  all  over 
the  southern  and  middle  states.  This  continued  for 
ten  years,  and  then  our  subject  settled  to  farming  until 
1883,  when  he  drove  through  to  Wyoming.  He  was 
stable  boss  at  Twin  creek,  Wyoming,  for  two  years. 
Then  he  went  to  Evingston  and  handled  the  trotting 
stock  of  A.  C.  Beckwith  for  two  years.  After  this  we 
see  him  in  Anaconda,  Helena,  and  finally  in  Daven- 
port, Washington.  In  1899  he  came  to  the  Salmon 
river  country,  and  while  getting  out  some  rock  he  was 
crippled  in  his  right  hand  for  life.  In  1902  he  leased 
a  ranch  adjoining  his  homestead,  and  is  now  paying 
attention  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock.  He 
has  a  fine  bunch  of  hogs  and  his  ranch  is  well  supplied 
with  water  and  timber.  Mr.  Campbell  is  especially 
successful  in  raising  hogs,  and  he  has  some  fine  speci- 
mens now.  Mr.  Campbell  is  a  well  informed  man,  and 
ever  keeps  abreast  of  the  times  and  is  a  leader  in  all 
that  would  be  for  the  advancement  and  upbuilding  of 
the  countrv. 


EDWARD  W.  ROBIE,  deceased.  The  subject  of 
this  memorial  was  born  in  New  York,  in  1833.  and 
died  on  February  20,  1888,  his  demise  being  caused  by 
heart  disease.  He  was  a  good  man,  possessed  of  ex- 
cellent talents  and  held  in  high  esteem  by  all.  His 
parents  were  John  and  Sarah  (Ladd)  Robie.  The  fa- 
ther was  born  in  Vermont  of  English  parentage ;  his  an- 
cestors were  pilgrims  in  the  Mayflower  and  fought  in 
the  Revolution.  The  mother  came  of  Scotch  ancestry. 
Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  New  York,  came  west 
in  1874  to  look  after  his  brother's  mining  interests  in 
southern  Idaho  and  in  1876  came  to  Idaho  county.  He 
was  a  miller  by  trade  and  assisted  to  construct  the 
Grangeville  mill"  in  1876-77.  He  was  on  Camas  prairie 
at  the  time  of  the  Indian  outbreak  and  was  commis- 
sioned captain  by  the  governor  giving  him  charge  of 
the  Grangeville  militia.  Mr.  Robie  served  as  lieutenant 
in  Company  A,  First  Missouri  Volunteers,  for  nearly 
four  years  "during  the  Civil  war.  Following  the  war, 
he  and  Peter  Smith  bought  the  Baker  property  at 
Horse  Shoe  Bend  on  the  Salmon,  raised  stock  and 
mined.  This  line  of  work  continued  until  his  death. 

In  1880,  Mr.  Robie  married  Mrs.  Isabella  Benedict, 
widow  of  Samuel  Benedict,  and  daughter  of  John  and 
Sarah  (O'DonnelH  Kelly,  natives  of  Ireland  and  de- 
scendants of  prominent  people  of  Ireland.  Five  chil- 
dren were  born  to  this  marriage,  Emma,  Edward  V., 
Alice,  and  two  deceased.  Mrs.  Robie  was  married  to 
Samuel  Benedict  on  February  7,  1863,  at  Florence, 
Idaho,  and  to  that  union  four  children  were  born, 
Grant,  Mrs.  Caroline  Taylor,  Frances  I.  Shissler,  Mrs. 


ISABELLA  ROBIE. 


SAMUEL  BENEDICT. 


EDWARD  W.  ROBIE. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


46> 


Addie  Brown.  Mrs.  Robie  was  born  on  Staten  Island, 
in  1848.  She  was  at  her  home  just  below  White  Bird 
on  June  14,  1877,  when  her  husband,  Mr.  Benedict, 
came  in  wounded  in  both  legs.  His  horse  had  been 
shot  by  the  Indians  also  but  he  secured  another  at  Mr. 
Baker's  ranch.  Another  band  of  Indians  came  that 
evening  and  murdered  him  and  August  Bacon,  who 
was  trying  to  care  for  him  and  beat  back  the  savages. 
Mrs.  Benedict  and  the  little  girls  fled  into  the  brush  and 
darkness.  She  went  to  Manuel's  house  and  she  and 
Mrs.  Manuel  remained  secreted  until  Friday,  when  she 
started  to  Air.  Idaho  with  her  little  girls.  On  Sunday 
morning  she  passed  the  soldiers  going  to  fight  the  In- 
dians and  as  they  returned  in  retreat  they  put  her  on  a 
horse  and  took  the  little  girls.  Her  saddle  turned  and 
she  was  left  in  the  way.  She  fled  to  the  cover  of  the 
undergrowth  and  wandered  until  captured  by  the  pur- 
suing Indians,  who  spared  her  life  at  the  earnest  en- 
treaty of  the  squaws,  who  knew  her  well.  Mrs.  Bene- 
dict then  wandered  until  she  was  found  by  Mr.  Robie, 
who  had  come  in  search  of  her.  Later  occurred  her 
marriage  with  Mr.  Robie,  as  mentioned  above.  Mr. 
Robie  left  a  good  home  and  property  at  his  death  which 
Mrs.  Robie  is  now  handling  and  with  her  son's  assist- 
ance is  doing  well.  Mr.  Smith,  partner  of  Mr.  Robie, 
is  caring  for  the  mines.  Mr.  Robie  was  raised  a  Pres- 
byterian and  Mrs.  Robie  is  a  Catholic.  He  was  a  prom- 
inent man,  an  active  Republican  and  although  he  served 
as  county  commissioner  he  nearly  always  refused  office 
which  was  frequently  tendered  by  the  people. 


ALMON  L.  YOUNG.  This  well  known  business 
man  is  the  owner  and  operator  of  a  fine  saw-milling 
plant  situated  four  miles  south  from  Stites,  where  he 
does  a  good  business  and  is  favored  with  a  thriving 
trade.  He  is  a  man  of  sound  principles,  manifest 
integrity,  and  stands  as  one  of  the  substantial  and 
public  minded  citizens. 

Almon  L.  Young  was  born  in  Stewartstown,  New- 
Hampshire,  on  October  4,  1861,  being  the  son  of 
Charles  M.  and  Nancy  (Russell)  Young.  The  father 
was  born  in  New  Hampshire  and  died  March  3,  1898, 
at  Nezperce.  He  was  a  contractor  and  builder,  a 
prominent  Republican,  and  leading  citizen  in  his  coun- 
try. The  grandfather  and  great-grapd father  of  our 
subject  were  born  in  the  vicinity  of  his  nativity,  and 
their  ancestors,  all  being  farmers,  came  from  Scot- 
land in  1660.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Vermont,  as  were  her  ancestors  for  six  generations 
back.  The  Russells  were  an  old  English  colonial  family. 
Her  father  was  a  Free-will  Baptist  preacher  of  con- 
siderable prominence.  She  died  on  June  9,  1890, 
aged  forty-seven.  The  death  took  place  at  New  York 
Mills,  Minnesota.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the 
graded  schools  until  eighteen  and  then  learned  the 
trade  of  stationary  engineer.  He  came  to  Minnesota 
when  twenty  and  remained  there  six  years.  The  next 
trip  was  to  Spokane,  Washington,  and  there  and  in  the 
vicinity  he  remained  ten  years.  In  1896,  Mr.  Young 
came  to  the  reservation  and  took  a  piece  of  land.  Later 


he  relinquished  this  and  went  into  the  sawmill  business 
at  Lookout  with  Mr.  Harry  I.  Stewart,  also  men- 
tioned in  this  volume.  Two  years  in  this  line  and  then 
Mr.  Young  sold  out  and  came  to  Stites  at  the  opening 
of  the  town.  He  started  a  lumber  yard  and  dray  line 
and  two  years  later,  in  partnership  with  Frank  M. 
Powers,  built  the  saw-mill  which  he  now  owns  and 
operates. 

At  Battle  Lake,  Minnesota,  on  November  19,  1886, 
Mr.  Young  married  Miss  Nellie  R.,  daughter  of  Asa 
S.  and  Martha  (Moses)  Winer.  She  was  born  in 
Perham,  Minnesota,  and  died  at  Battle  Lake,  Minne- 
sota, on  June  17,  1890,  leaving  one  child,  which  died 
when  two  years  old.  Mr.  Young  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  at  Kendrick.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politi- 
cal matters  and  is  intelligent  in  the  questions  of  the 
day.  On  January  12,  1903,  Mr.  Young  sold  his  in- 
terest in  the  lumber  and  sawmill  business  to  Mr.  E. 
E.  Leach,  and  is  now  devoting  his  time  to  his  mining 
interests. 


BARNEY  R.  ROGERS,  who  was  born  May  21, 
1863,  in  Dodge  county,  Wisconsin,  is  now  one  of  the 
substantial  citizens  of  Idaho  county,  residing  about 
three  miles  southwest  from  Whitebird  on  an  estate  of 
one-quarter  section.  He  raises  stock,  does  general 
farming,  and  also  pays  some  attention  to  mining.  Mr. 
Rogers's  father,  Orrin  J.,  was  born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
and  his  father,  John  Barney  Rogers,  was  a  native  of 
New  York,  and  lived  to  be  ninety-three  years  old. 
Orrin  J.  served  in  the  Civil  war  two  years  and  had  two- 
brothers,  Mathew  and  Amos,  also  in  that  struggle. 
The  mother  of  our  subject,  Emerance  Nims,  was  a 
native  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  had  five  brothers. 
who  served  in  the  Rebellion,  four  of  whom  were  killed. 
Her  father,  Loyal  Nims,  died  at  Dayton,  Washington, 
in  his  ninetieth  year.  Her  mother  ateo  died  at  that 
place.  Our  subject's  parents  were  married  in  Dodge 
county,  Wisconsin,  and  in  1874  they  removed  to  Salt 
Lake  City,  locating  a  ranch  of  over  five  hundred  acres 
close  by  the  city,  where  they  still  remain.  In  1879  our 
subject  came  to  Boise  on  horseback  and  engaged  with 
Lang  &  Rhine,  largj:  stockmen.  Later  he  drove  eleven 
yoke  of  oxen  into  Virginia  City,  Montana,  then  went  to 
Bozeman  and  freighted  with  horses.  In  the  spring 
of  1881  we  find  him  in  the  Wood  river  country,  whence 
he  went  to  Sand  Creek,  Wyoming,  in  the  stock  busi- 
ness. Then  he  returned  to  Salt  Lake,  later  journeyed 
to  Colorado,  drove  cattle  to  Wyoming,  went  again  to 
Salt  Lake,  traveled  in  southern  Idaho,  visited  the 
Yellowstone  Park,  mined  in  the  Lost  River  country, 
and  packed  his  blankets  to  various  camps  in  different 
sections,  during  which  time  he  had  numerous  frontier 
experiences  and  endured  many  hardships.  In  1889  he 
located  in  Uniontown,  Washington.  The  next  year 
he  came  to  Camas  prairie  and  1892  marks  the  date 
of  his  settlement  on  his  present  ranch.  Mr.  Rogers 
takes  great  interest  in  the  educational  and  general 
progress  of  the  country  and  is  an  enterprising  citizen. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

On  October  17,  1885,  Mr.  Rogers  married  Miss 


.466 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Lodicy,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Smith)  Now- 
lan.  The  father  came  from  England  to  the  United 
States  when  young,  crossed  the  plains  and  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  at  Salt  Lake,  helping  to  lay  out  the 
town  of  Salt  Lake.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 


n  temple,  and  died  six  years  ago. 


The  mother  was  a  native  of  Missouri,  crossed  the  plains 
in  1849,  and  died  about  eleven  years  ago.  Five  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife,  Mary 
£.,  Troy  B.,  Hattie  E.,  Orrin  K.,  Afton  B.  Mr. 
Rogers  has  six  sisters,  Adeline  E.,  Sylvia  A.,  Clarissa 
L.,  Emma  C.,  Emily  M.,  Flora  E.  Mrs.  Rogers  has 
one  brother,  George  F.,  and  one  sister,  Catherine. 


GEORGE  W.  DUNCAN,  a  worthy  and  indus- 
trious farmer,  dwelling  about  eight  miles  northeast 
from  Denver,  has  shown  himself  a  capable  soldier  in 
the  battles  of  life.  In  the  days  when  dark  fratricidal 
strife  lowered  over  this  fair  land  he  was  one  who 
quickly  pressed  to  the  front  with  the  fire  of  youth  and 
the  determination  of  a  strong  man  to  grasp. the  musket 
in  defense  of  the  union.  He  fought  as  long  as  there 
was  a  foe  to  raise  a  hand  against  the  grand  old  stars 
and  stripes  and  then  retired  from  the  field  of  battle 
to  'Become  a  stanch  and  substantial  citizen  of  the  coun- 
try he  had  assisted  to  save.  A  somewhat  more  detailed 

volume.  In  1862,  being  then  eighteen,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  H,  Thirtieth  Missouri  Infantry,  at  Laclede, 
Linn  county.  He  was  in  active  service  from  that  time 
until  April  9,  1865,  when  he  was  mustered  out,  a 
veteran  bearing  the  laurels  of  a  brave  soldier  and  de- 
fender of  the  homes  of  his  country.  Among  the  many 
conflicts  in  which  he  participated,  we  may  mention 
Chickasaw  bayou,  Arkansas  Post,  Jackson,'  the  siege 
of  Vicksburg,  the  second  battle  at  Jackson,  Mississippi, 
then  at  Fort  Blakely,  Alabama.  In  Columbus,  Texas, 
he  was  honorably  discharged,  and  on  August  21,  1865, 
he  wended  his  way  back  to  his  home.  He  left  that 
home  a  youth  and  now  came  back  a  bearded  veteran, 
crowned  with  proper  laurels  freely  given  by  a  grateful 
nation  to  faithful  and  brave  service.  He  remained  in 
civil  life  until  June  24,  1872,  when  he  migrated  to 
Yamhill  county,  Oregon,  and  there  farmed  for  six 
years.  In  1878  he  came  to  the  territory  now  em- 
braced in  Latah  county,  which  was  then  Nez  Perces, 
where  he  wrought  with  display  of  wisdom  and  enter- 
prise until  1902,  at  which  time  he  sold  his  property 
there  and  located  his  present  place.  He  owns  a  snug 
little  fruit  ranch  of  sixty  acres,  and  is  making  himself 
a  comfortable  home  place  for  the  declining  years  of 
his  life.  Mr.  Duncan  has  two  brothers  and  three 
sisters,  Thomas  M.,  Benjamin  W.,  Nannie  Hoffman, 
Margaret  O'Bryan,  Cornelia  E.  Crafton. 

On  December  22,  1869,  Mr.  Duncan  married  Miss 
Susan,  daughter  of  John  and  Rebecca  (Carpenter) 
Bo\ven,  natives  of  Kentucky.  Mrs.  Duncan  was  born 
in  Illinois,  on  June  3,  1852,  and  has  one  brother,  Will- 
iam, and  one  sister.'  Mary  E.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dun- 
can have  been  born  two  sons  and  five  daughters, 


Thomas  M.,  born  in  Yamhill  county,  on  November 
14,  1872 ;  Earl  V.,  born  in  Latah  county,  on  February 
5,  1894;  Irene,  born  in  Oregon,  on  December  25,  1874; 
Ora  Nancy,  born  in  Oregon,  on  April  7,  1876;  Mabel 
E.,  born  in  Latah  county,  December  22,  1879 ;  Maggie, 
born  in  Latah  county,  December  27,  1881 ;  Bessie  L., 
born  in  Latah  county,  February  28,  1889.  Mr.  Dun- 
can is  a  Republican  and  is^always  found  in  the  front 
ranks  of  those  who  forward  the  advancement  and  de- 
velopment of  the  country.  He  is  a  man  of  good  stand- 
ing, has  shown  himself  a  genial  and  pleasant  com- 
panion, a  man  of  worth,  a  stanch  friend,  a  patriotic 
supporter  of  the  government  and  a  good  business  man. 
He  and  his  estimable  wife  have  journeyed  on  for  many 
years  together,  and  now  as  the  zenith  i's  about  reached, 
they  have  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  a  good  rec- 
ord has  been  made,  that  a  proper  competence  has  been 
laid  by  and  that  they  have  hosts  of  friends  from  every 
quarter. 


CHARLES  D.  BRACKETT,  of  Whitebird,  Idaho 
county,  Idaho,  is  a  native  of  Kansas,  having  been  born 
at  Lamed,  Pawnee  county,  February  25,  1877. 

His  father,  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war,  was  born  in 
the  state  of  New  York;  his  mother  was  a  native  of 
Canada,  born  at  Ottawa.  Her  maiden  name  was  Mary 
A.  Tierney,  and  she  came  to  the  United  States,  locating 
in  Iowa,  in  1851.  Herself  and  children  are  members 
of  the  Catholic  church.  Until  the  age  of  ten  years 
our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Kansas.  In 
1888  he  crossed  the  plains  with  a  wagon  train,  and 
after  a  journey  of  three  months'  duration,  arrived  at 
Spokane  Falls,  Washing-ton.  Later  he  located  at  Mos- 
cow, where  he  attended  school  four  years.  His  parents 
removed  to  Whitebird,  Idaho,  on  the  Salmon  river, 
in  1891,  where  Charles  engaged  in  ranching.  But 
aside  from  that  industry  his  pursuits  have  been  many 
and  varied,  including  mining,  agriculture,  freighting 
and  the  cattle  business.  In  1901  he  made  a  trip  of 
four  thousand  miles,  visiting  relatives,  among  whom 
he  numbers  many  of  the  most  highly  respected  and* 
influential  people  of  Clinton  county,  Iowa,  including 
ex-Senator  McGinn,  and  Dr.  Richard  Monahan.  Re- 
turning to  the  west  he  engaged  in  the  cattle  business, 
and  later  visited  the  now  famous  Thunder  Mountains, 
where,  in  the  spring  of  1902,  he  made  a  number  of 


JOHN  T.  CRAMBLIT.  In  all  the  principal  camps 
of  the  northwest  from  the  early  day  until  the  present, 
the  subject  of  this  article  has  wrought  with  winning 
hands  many  times  and  always  accompanied  with  the 
toil,  hardship  and  deprivations  incident  to  early  min- 
ing. He  is  a  man  of  stabilty  and  substantial  qualities 
and  has  a  good  standing,  and  has  many  warm  friends. 

John  T.  Cramblit  was  born  in  Ohio,  on  January 
1 6,  1836,  being  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Lu- 
kens)  Cramblit,  natives  of  Maryland.  The  paternal 
ancestors  came  from  Germany.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  died  in  January,  1896.  John  T.  was  reared 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


467 


in  Ohio  and  attended  the  high  school  of  Senecaville, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  due  time.  When  twenty-six, 
he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  which  continued 
for  seven  years.  In  1862  he  crossed  the  plains  and 
located  in  Auburn,  Oregon,  where  he  delved  for  hid- 
den treasure.  One  year  later  he  was/  in  the  Boise 
basin,  where  three  years  of  hard  labor  were  spent. 
Then  he  journeyed  to  Portland  and  operated  the  Farm- 
ers'1 hotel  for  three  years.  Next  we  see  him  in  La- 
grande,  where,  for  fourteen  years,  he  operated  a  drug 
store.  Then  he  sold  out  and  returned  to  his  first  western 
occupation,  mining  and  prospecting.  He  has  several 
good  quartz  claims  in  the  Sumpter  district,  and  also 
has  much  other  mining  property.  Mr.  Cramblit  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  at  Lagrande.  He  has  two 
brothers  and  four  sisters,  Eli,  Alexander,  Julia  A. 
Albin,  Naomi,  Mary  J.  Albison,  Elizabeth. 

On  March  i,  1866,  Mr.  Cramblit  married  Frances, 
daughter  of  William  and  Hannah  (Huston)  Carter. 
The  father,  who  was  a  native  of  Indiana  and  an  old 
Oregon  pioneer,  is  now  deceased.  The  mother  also 
came  from  Indiana  in  1862  and  is  now  deceased.  Mrs. 
Cramblit  was  born  in  Terre  Haute,  Indiana,  was 
married  in  Portland,  and  died  March,  1900,  in  Baker 
City,  Oregon,  leaving  four  children.  Rosie  G.,  wife 
of  E.  H.  Ruckman.  in  Stites,  where  our  subject  makes 
his  home  most  of  the  time ;  Clara,  wife  of  W.  M.  Moore, 
in  Baker  City,  foreman  in  the  Herald  office;  John,  a 
butcher  in  Baker  City,  now  living  in  our  subject's 
old  home;  Bertie,  in  Baker  City.  Mrs.  Cramblit  had 
one  sister,  Catherine,  wife  of  W.  Caldwell,  in  Baker 
City. 


LUCIEN  TURMES  resides  about  three  miles 
south  of  Whitebird,  where  he  owns  an  estate  of  one- 
half  section,  and  devotes  himself  to  its  culture  and 
raising  stock.  He  was  born  in  Luxemburg,  Germany, 
November  6,  1867.  being  the  son  of  Wenzel  and  Susana 
(Kiser)  Turmes,  natives  also  of  Germany.  The  father 
was  a  plumber  by  trade.  He  served  five  years  as  ser- 
geant in  the  regular  Belgian  army,  and  then  came  to 
the'United  States  in  1869,  landing  in  New  York.  The 
next  year  he  came  tc  Minnesota,  and  the  mother 
arrived  from  the  old  country  with  the  two  children. 
Our  subject  was  the  elder  and  had  one  sister,  Mrs. 
Margaret  Culom.  After  a  short  residence  in  Minne- 
sota they  moved  to  Yankton.  South  Dakota,  whence  in 
the  spring  of  1879  they  journeyed  to  Ada  county, 
Idaho,  and  in  the  fall  of 'the  next' year  they  settled  on 
Shoofly  creek  in  Owyhee  county,  where  they  still  live. 
Six  children  were  born  to  the  parents  after  coming 
to  this  country.  In  1891  our  subject  started  to  seek 
his  fortune  in  prospecting.  Then  he  went  into  part- 
nership with  Dennis  Holland,  of  Lewiston,  and  oper- 
ated in  the  Crooks'  Corral  country  with  reasonable 
success  for  some  time:  then  sold  out.  Our  subject 
then  went  into  partnership  with  James  Powell,  con- 
tinuing for  three  years.  In  the  spring  of  1901  Mr. 
Turmes  bought  Mr.  Powell's  interest  and  has  continued 
since  in  general  farming  and  stock  raising. 

On  September  5,  1900,  Mr.  Turmes  married  Miss 


Lizzie  M.,  daughter  of  Tryon  J.  and  Mary  A.  (Tier- 
ney)  Brackett,  natives,  respectively,  of  New  York 
and  Canada.  Mrs.  Turmes  was  born  April  4,  1881, 
in  Morris  county,  Kansas.  They  have  two  children, 
Elmo  J.  and  Aloysius  Victor. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  is  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
the  Pacific  coast,  and  his  energy  and  stirring  spirit  have 
made  him  a  leading  figure  in  the  various  places  where 
he  has  wrought,  especially  in  freighting,  in  mining  and 
in  prospecting.  Mr.  Taylor  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
on  June  15,  1836,  was  educated  in  Chicopee  Falls,  and 
in  1855  accompanied  his  father  and  brother  on  the 
trip  to  California  via  steamer,  in  which  the  sons  had 
the  sad  duty  of  burying  the  father  at  sea.  He  mined 
with  his  brother  in  Shasta  county  until  1859,  then  went 
to  Sacramento  and  freighted.  He  hauled  freight  to 
Virginia  City  until  the  Union  Pacific  was  completed  in 
1870.  He  had  one  of  the  handiest  and  most  complete 
outfits  on  the  road,  consisting  of  eighteen  mules  and 
six  wagons.  It  was  of  the  size  to  best  pay  in  this 
work,  and  he  continued  to  use  this  until  1883,  trans- 
porting goods  from  the  railroad  to  southern  Nevada, 
Uelmont,  Columbus,  Belleville,  and  so  forth.  In  March, 
1886,  he  landed  in  Idaho  county,  having  also  spent  some 
time  in  Arizona.  He  at  once  secured  a  homestead 
and  also  a  pre-emption  where  he  now  lives  and  has 
continued  here  since.  He  sold  his  pre-emption  later, 
and  in  January,  1903,  Mr.  Taylor  sold  eighty  acres 
of  his  homestead.  He  is,  a  strong  Republican,  is  one 
of  the  substantial  and  highly  esteemed  men  of  the 
county  and  has  hosts  of  friends,  being  well  acquainted 
with  the  pioneers  of  this  section.  Mr.  Taylor  had 
one  brother,  mentioned  in  this  work,  and  one  sister, 
Mary,  in  Springfield,  Massachusetts. 


JACOB  E.  HOLBROOK  is  a  highly  respected 
young  farmer  and  stockman  of  Idaho  county,  who 
resides  five  miles  southeast  of  Whitebird.  He  was 
born  on  January  18,  1876,  in  Whitman  county,  Wash- 
ington, the  son  of  Russell  and  Margaret  K.  (Rice) 
Holbrook.  The  parents  were  very  early  pioneers  of 
the  west,  settling  first  in  Oregon,  whence  thev  came  to 
Whitman  county.  After  some  years  of  residence  in 
that  section  they  moved  to  the  Salmon  river  country, 
which  was  about  eighteen  years  ago.  Our  subject 
located  his  present  homestead  in  1897  and  has  about 
one  hunderd  acres  of  good  land,  the  balance  being 
grazing.  The  place  is  well  improved  with  house,  barn, 
orchard,  etc.,  and  is  annually  laid  under  tribute  by 
the  skill  of  Mr.  Holbrook  to  produce  excellent  returns 
in  crops.  In  addition  to  this  property  Mr.  Hclbrook 
goodly  holding  of  cattle  and  1 


s.      She 

born  Mav  22  1881,  in  Whitman  county,  Washington. 
To  this  union  there  has  been  born  one  child.  Alberta 
K.  Mrs.  Holbrook  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Eliza- 


468 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


beth  Karnes.  Mr.  Holbrook  has  labored  for  himself 
since  he  was  twelve  years  of  age  and  much  credit  is 
due  him  for  the  enterprise  and  energy  that  he  has 
manifested. 


LORAN  D.  HOFFMAN  dwells  about  six  miles 
northeast  from  Denver  on  eighty  acres  which  he  home- 
steaded  on  March  15,  1902.  He  has  some  cattle  and 
hogs  and  is  engaged  in  the  good  labor  of  improving  his 
place  and  raising  stock. 

Loran  D.  Hoffman  was  born  in  Yamhill  county, 
Oregon,  on  June  6,  1876,  the  son  of  Andrew  M.  and 
Nannie  D.  (Duncan)  Hoffman.  The  father  was  born 
in  Illinois,  on  May  13,  1848,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
Civil  war  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Fiftieth  Illinois  In- 
fantry, and  served  during  the  entire  war,  being  hon- 
orably discharged  at  its  close.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Missouri,  on  November  9,  1847,  and  ner  father, 
Henry  Duncan,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1807.  She 
was  educated  for  a  teacher  and  taught  in  Missouri 
during  the  war.  Our  subject  attended  school  and 
worked  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-one,  and 
on  July  II,  1897,  went  to  Goldendale,  Washington, 
and  thence  to  the  O.  R.  &  N.  across  and  into  Oregon, 
where  he  worked  out.  He  walked  all  the  way  from  his 
home  and  returned  with  five  dollars,  the  same  amount 
he  started  with.  He  attended  school  some  months, 
then  went  to  Oakesdale,  where  he  harvested  and 
worked  a  time,  after  which  he  went  to  school  again 
at  his  home.  We  next  see  him  in  Oakesdale  working, 
then  back  to  school  again  at  home."  He  went  to  work 
in  Polk  county  in  the  hop  yards  and  on  July  19,  1901, 
went  to  Latah  county,  and  the  following  fall,  on  No- 
vember 6,  he  made  his  advent  into  Idaho  county,  taking 
his  homestead  the  following  March.  Mr.  Hoffman  has 
two  brothers  and  five  sisters,  Burd  O.,  Sidney  W., 
Grace  A.,  Lela  E.,  Dora  B.,  Jessie  O.,  Leota  L.  Mr. 
Hoffman  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  the  Order 
of  Washington,  and  is  a  staunch  Republican.  He  is 
an  active  member  of  the  Christian  church,  and  stands 
well  in  the  community. 


JESSE  G.  AUSTIN.  From  the  fertile  prairies  of 
Missouri  to  the  rich  slopes  of  Idaho  county,  the  sub- 
ject has  farmed  in  various  places  and  has  always 
displayed  that  skill  and  thrift  which  bring  about  real 
development  and  upbuilding.  At  present  Mr.  Austin 
is  dwelling  on  a  farm  ten  miles  north  from  Clearwater, 
and  not  only  handles  that  but  also  raises  considerable 
stock,  having  now  sixty  head. 

Jesse  G.  Austin  was  born  in  Jackson  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  September  28,  1835,  being  the  son  of  Robert 
and  Eliza  J.  (Watkins)  Austin,  natives  of  Missouri, 
and  born  in  181 1.  The  grandparents  on  both  sides  were 
pioneers  in  Missouri ;  in  1865  the  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  called  hence  by  death.  The  father  sold  out 
and  went  to  Kansas  in  1867,  and  later  to  Modoc  county, 
California,  where  he  now  lives.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  Missouri  and  remained  with  his  parents  until 


he  was  twenty-five.  Then  came  independent  action, 
and  in  1861  he  went  to  Pike  county,  Illinois,  which  was 
the  home  until  1867.  He  then  journeyed  to  Kansas, 
Johnson  county,  where  fourteen  years  were  spent. 
Thence  Mr.  Austin  came  to  Oregon,  then  to  Whitman 
county,  Washington.  He  purchased  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres  four  miles  northeast  from  Oakesdale  and 
farmed  there  until  the  summer  of  -1892,  when  he  sold 
the  property,  and  August  saw  him  with  his  family 
on  his  present  place  and  this  has  continued  to  be  the 
family  home  since  that  time.  Mr.  Austin  is  prospered 
and  is  one  of  the  respected  and  leading  citizens  of  his 
section.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
James  T.,  George  E.  and  William  H.,  deceased,  John 
H.,  Sarah,  deceased. 

On  January  29,  1860,  Mr.  Austin  married  Sarah 
A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Emilia  (Hastings)  Sellars. 
The  father,  a  brick  mason,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  settled  in  Pike  county,  Illinois.  In  1845  he  re- 
moved to  Kansas,  but  later  returned  to  Illinois,  where 
he  died.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Austin  was  born  in 
Indiana  on  November  23,  1822,  her  parents  being 
pioneers  of  that  state.  Mrs.  Austin  was  born  in  In- 
diana on  March  23,  1842,  and  has  three  sisters :  Abbie 
W.,  Melissa  Hawkins,  Ella  Crockett.  Five  children 
have  come  to  bless  this  household:  Christopher  C, 
born  December  26,  1862;  William  A.,  born  May  20, 
1865;  John  H.,  born  July  16,  1867;  Mary,  born  Jan- 
uary 2,  1874;  Robert  S.,  born  July  5,  1877.  Mrs. 
Austin  belongs  to  the  Christian  church.  Mr.  Austin 
is  a  Democrat  and  is  an  advocate  of  first  class  roads 
and  the  best  of  schools. 


GEORGE  ROSSITER.  Five  miles  east  from 
Whitebird  is  the  estate  and  home  of  the  subject  of  this 

acres  of  good  land,  the  title  to  which  Mr.  Rossiter 
secured  by  the  right  of  homestead  in  the  early  nine- 
ties. He  has  a  good  dwelling,  fine  orchard,  does  gen- 
eral farming  and  stock  raising.  He  is  one  of  the  re- 
spected and  esteemed  members  of  society  and  is  a  man 
of  sound  principles  and  integrity. 

George  Rossiter  was  born  on  June  14,  1865,  in 
Osage  county,  Kansas,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and 
Mary  (Ely)  Rossiter,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
father  came  to  Osage  county  in  a  very  early  day  and 
in  1869  removed  thence  to  Jefferson  county,  Nebraska. 
In  1877  he  migrated  with  his  family  to  Pullman,  Wash- 
ington, and  there  entered  land  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing. In  1881  he  died,  being  in  his  sixty-sixth  year. 
The  mother  died  in  the  same  year.  About  this  time 


;ubject  s 


irted  out  for  himself.    He 


employed  until  1891,  when  he  came  near  his  prese 
place  and  entered  a  pre-emption,  which  he  sold  lat 
and  took  the  homestead  mentioned.  Mr.  Rossiter  h 
three  sisters  and  two  brothers:  Mrs.  Eliza  J.  Fishe 
Airs.  Mary  A.  Hofstman,  Mrs.  Emma  Ashpaugh,  San 
uel,  Stephen. 

On  August  25,   1891,  Mr.  Rossiter  married  M' 
Mattie,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Ellen  Curtis.    M 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


469 


.  O 


:fossed  the  plains  froi 
m  a  very  early  day.  Four 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rossiter 
Myrtle  M.  and  Lulu  M. 


n  Kansas  with  his  family 
children  have  been  born 
Emma  L.,  Samuel  R., 


EDWARD  C.  SMITH  lives  five  miles  southeast  of 
Whitebird  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  stockmen  and 
farmers  of  the  county.  He  was  born  December  15, 
1868,  in  Quincy,  Illinois,  and  is  the  son  of  Pleasant  C. 
and  Anna  M.  (Bidle)  Smith.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  Tennessee  and  crossed  the  plains  in  the  early  'fifties 
to  California  with  ox  teams,  later  returning  to  Illinois. 
The  mother  had  crossed  the  plains  and  returned  to 
Illinois,  and  then  went  by  water  to  California,  ac- 
companying her  parents  on  both  occasions.  Our  sub- 
ject crossed  the  plains  with  his  parents  in  1870  to 
Sonoma  county,  California ;  they  went  thence  in  1885 
to  Whitman  county,  Washington.  From  the  age  of 
five  until  eighteen  Edward  C.  attended  school  and 
received  a  good  education.  He  followed  farming  with 
his  father  until  1893,  but  the  fall  previous  he  took  his 
present  place  as  a  homestead  and  since  1893  it  has  been 
the  scene  of  his  labors.  Mr.  Smith  has  a  nice  band  of 

speaks  well  for  his  abilities  and  energies,  when  we 
understand  that  he  started  in  1893  with  no  cattle 
whatever. 

On  January  8,  1895,  was  celebrated  the  marriage 
of  Edward  C.' Smith  and  Miss  Esther  Karnes.  Mrs. 
Smith  was  born  March  3,  1876,  her  parents  being 
John  and  Elizabeth  Karnes.  In  1876  they  came  from 
Kansas  in  wagons,  to  Whitman  county,  Washington, 
and  in  1892  they  removed  to  the  Salmon  river,  where 
they  now  reside.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have  been  blessed 
by  "the  advent  of  two  children,  Lewis  C.  and  Laura. 
They  are  people  of  excellent  standing  and  have  the 
good  will  and  confidence  of  all  in  the  community. 


ALBERT  GALLAWAY.  The  subject  of  this 
article  is  a  miner  and  so  successfully  has  he  followed 
his  vocation  that  he  has  secured  a  goodly  competence 
and  is  now  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  Idaho  county. 
He  was  born  on  April  9,  1858,  in  Monroe  county, 
Mississippi,  being  the  son  of  George  M.  and  Louisa 
T.  Gallaway.  In  the  fall  of  1860  he  came  with  his 
parents  to  Arkansas  and  there  owing  to  the  fact  that 
the  father  took  sides  with  the  Union  cause  and  enlisted 
to  fight  for  his  country  and  flag,  the  family  were  forced 
to  endure  great  hardships.  Our  subject  well  remem- 
bers those  days  of  trials  and  trouble.  On  one  occasion 
he  was  asked  by  a  Confederate  soldier  what  he  was. 
His  reply,  "I  am  a  little  boy"  displayed  a  presence  of 
mind  and  wisdom  far  beyond  his  years,  but  the  soldier 
was  determined  to  search  out  the  political  standing 
of  the  child  and  said,  "What  would  you  be  if  you  were 
a  man?"  Whereupon  the  lad  replied,  "I  would  be  a 
Fed."  The  inhuman  tyrant  said  he  would  kill  him 
and  followed  his  word  by  a  stroke  of  the  sword  which 


bereft  the  boy's  hat  of  the  brim  on  one  side  and  grazed 
his  shoulder.  His  prompt  action  and  alertness  were 
all  that  saved  his  life.  In  1875  the  family  came  to 
Jackson  county,  Oregon.  Our  subject,  though  but  a 
lad,  drove  a  team  all  the  way  and  took  his  share  of 
guard  duty.  To  test  him  one  night  the  men  drew  the 
loads  from  his  gun  and  a  man  named  Church,  dis- 
guised in  a  blanket,  played  Indian.  Young  Gallaway 
promptly  exploded  both  caps  and  then  sprang  for 
another 'gun  he  had  held  in  reserve.  Church  quickly 
called  a  halt  and  decided  that  the  lad  had  courage 
enough  to  attend  to  guard  duty.  The  family  removed 
from  Jackson  county  to  Yakima  county,  Washington, 
in  1876.  Two  years  later  they  settled  near  Palouse, 
and  in  1882  our  subject  went,  to  Missoula  county, 
Montana,  where  he  was  assistant  foreman  in  the  con- 
struction of  telegraph  lines  for  a  year  and  a  half. 
In  December,  1883,  he  located  at  Whitebird,  his  parents 
having  previously  come  hither.  Mr.  Gallaway  followed 
farming,  mining  and  riding  the  range  and  especially 
in  mining  has  he  been  very  successful.  Since  child- 
hood Mr.  Gallaway  has  been  a  real  nimrod.  The  wild 
turkeys  were  the  first  game  that  he  bagged  and  the 
first  winter  he  came  to  this  county  he  killed  eighty - 
seven  deer  during  the  hunting  season.  He  also  killed 
thirteen  elk,  eleven  of  them  being  killed  on  one  day 
with  eleven  shots.  His  experience  in  bear  hunting, 
his  narrow  escapes  and  thrilling  adventures,  would 
make  a  volume  in  themselves.  Mr.  Gallaway  is  now 
devoting  his  attention  to  the  development  of  mining 
property. 


STEPHEN  K.  MAHURIN  is  not  only  one  of 
the  enterprising  citizens  of  Idaho  county  but  is  also 
a  veteran  of  that  great  struggle  wherein  he  fought  to 
preserve  the  union  and  our  free  institutions.  He  is 
a  deserving  man  and  justly  claims  a  position  in  this 
connection.  Stephen  K.  Mahurin  was  born  on  March 
14,  1845,  in  Grayson  county,  Kentucky,  being  the  son 
of  William  H.  and  Anne  (Dewees)  Mahurin.  both 
natives  of  the  same  county.  The  father  was  born  on 
January  28,  1816,  and  died  in  his  seventy-sixth  year  in 
Graham  county,  Kansas.  The  mother  was  born  on 
July  16,  1821,  and  died  in  her  seventy- fourth  year  in 
the  same  county  as  her  husband.  At  the  age  of  nine 
our  subject  came  to  Brown  county,  Illinois,  with  his 
parents,  and  thence  to  Linn  county,  Missouri.  On 
October  19,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Sixth 
Iowa  Cavalry,  and  was  sent  to  protect  the  traffic  on 
the  Upper  Missouri  river.  On  July  28,  1864,  he  was 
in  a  battle  with  the  Sioux  Indians  which  lasted  from 
daylight  until  five  P.  M.,  and  so  fierce  was  the  struggle 
that  they  were  unable  to  obtain  any  refreshments  during 
this  long  and  trying  period.  He  was  in  many  other 
skirmishes  and  battles  with  the  savages  and  had  some 
very  narrow  escapes,  but  was  never  wounded.  How- 
ever, he  was  once  struck  with  a  spent  ball.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  honorably  discharged  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

On  August  17,  1869.  Mr.  Mahurin  married  Miss 
Anna  L.,  daughter  of  Obadiah  and  Tane  R.  (Clark) 


470 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Austin,  born  in  Kentucky  on  June  4,  1807,  and  on 
August  3,  1810,  in  Missouri,  respectively.  They  were 
pioneers  of  Henry  county,  Missouri,  and  the  father 
died  there  on  January  14,  1853.  Mrs.  Mahurin  was 
born  in  Henry  county,  Missouri,  on  April  15,  1847. 
Our  subject  journeyed  with  his  family  to  Iowa,  thence 
to  Nebraska  and  in  1888  he  came  to  the  Grande  Ronde 
valley,  Oregon.  One  year  later  he  moved  to  St.  Marys, 
Idaho,  and  two  years  'subsequently  came  to  his  present 
home,  five  miles  east  of  Whitebird.  He  located  a  good 
homestead  and  has  devoted  himself  to  its  improvement 
together  with  handling  cattle,  horses  and  hogs.  The 
place  is  supplied  with  plenty  of  water,  has  two  large 
barns  and  other  valuable  improvements.  Mr.  Mahurin 
is  a  staunch  Republican  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  campaigns  as  well  as  in  educational  matters, 
being  now  clerk  of  the  district.  Seven  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mahurin:  Sterling  P., 
Violet,  deceased,  Stephen  L.,  James  W.,  deceased, 
Thomas  C,  Ada  Bender,  and  Daniel  W. 


STONEWALL  J.  CRAIG.  Among  the  substan- 
tial and  capable  men  who  have  weathered  the  pioneer 
days  of  Idaho  county  and  whose  labors  have  made  her 
the  prosperous  division  that  she  is  today,  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  who 
has  a  fine  farm  one-half  mile  east  from  Morrow,  which 
he  took  in  the  eighties  and  lias  made  his  home  since. 
He  raises  general  crops  and  cattle,  horses,  and  hogs, 
being  thrifty,  industrious  and  successful  in  his  labors. 

Stonewall  J.  Craig  was  born  in  Callaway  county, 
Missouri,  on  September  7,  1863,  being  the  son  of 
Joseph  L.  and  Mary  E.  (Jones)  Craig,  who  are  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  volume.  His  early  life  was 
spent  in  the  native  place  and  there  he  received  his  edu- 
cation. At  the  age  of  twenty-four,  it  being  1887,  he 
came  west  to  Spokane  and  followed  the  real  estate 
business  for  one  year,  after  which  he  came  to  his  present 
place  in  Idaho  county  and  settled,  having  explored  the 
country  previous  to  this.  His  parents  came  across 
the  country  the  next  spring  and  settled  near  Cheney, 
Washington,  leasing  land  while  also  they  took  a  place 
adjoining  that  of  our  subject  and  remain  there  still. 
Mr.  Craig  at  once  took  up  general  farming  and  raising 
stock  and  has  steadily  devoted  himself  to  it  since.  He 
had  made  up  his  mind  to  take  a  further  educational 
course,  but  about  that  time  he  met  Miss  Maude  W. 
Rice,  and  he  changed  his  mind,  and  on  December  24, 
1891,  Miss  Maude  Westlake  Rice  and  Mr.  Craig  were 
made  husband  and  wife.  Mrs.  Craig  is  the  daughter 
of  William  M.  and  Sarah  M.  (Westlake)  Rice.  The 
father  was  born  in  Troy,  New  York,  June,  1844,  came 
to  Lewiston  in  1882,  then  on  to  Idaho  county, 
and  is  now  operating  a  commission  establishment  in 
Seattle.  In  1894,  Mr.  Rice  established  the  town  of 
Westlake,  naming  it  from  his  wife.  His  ancestors 
were  pioneers  in  Massachusetts  and  were  prominent 
in  the  Revolution.  Mrs.  Rice  was  born  in  New  York 
city  in  1847.  Her  father  was  an  Englishman  and  came 
to  the  United  States  when  young.  Her  mother  was  a 


member  of  the  Quakers  and  was  of  Dutch  extraction. 
Mrs.  Craig  was 'born  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  on  No- 
vember 26,  1872,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  John  B.,  Mary  L.  Harford,  Florence  M., 
Grace,  William  C.,  Archibald,  Ernest.  Mr.  Craig's 
brothers  and  sisters  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  the 
volume.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Craig:  Charles  H.,  ,Elsie,  Joseph  L.,  Jennie  A., 
and  Mary  K.  Mr.  Craig  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  at  Morrow  and  of  the  M.  W.  A.  in  Westlake.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 
He  is  justice  of  the  peace  in  Westlake  township.  Mr. 
Craig  is  a  true  blue  Democrat  and  labors  hard  for 
success  in  the  campaigns.  His  party  desired  to  nom- 
inate him  for  state  senator  but  he  refused  and  they, 
without  his  knowledge,  nominated  him  for  sheriff,  but 
icket  went  down.  He  has  over  a  half  section  of 


/ell-to-do. 


EVERETT  G.  DEARDORFF  is  a  young  man 
of  promise  and  although  he  is  not  one  of'  the  earlier 
pioneers,  still  he  comes  to  Idaho  county  with  that 
capability  and  energy  which  will  materially  augment 
the  building  force  and  advancing  spirit  of  the  county. 
He  was  born  in  Callaway  county,  Missouri,  on  De- 
cember 17,  1879,  the  son  of  James  R.  and  Rebecca 
(King)  Deardorff.  The  father  was  born  in  Ohio,  on 
October  6,  1859,  and  is  now  a  farmer,  also  operates 
a  saw  mill  and  a  grist  mill.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Illinois,  was  bereft  of  her  parents  when  an 
infant,  and  she  died  in  1886.  Our  subject  was  a  con- 
stant attendant  on  the  common  schools  between  the 
times  of  farm  work  up  to  1897,  then  he  went  to  Illi- 
nois, and  was  rejected  when  enlisting  for  the  Spanish 
war  on  account  of  his  youth.  Returning  home  he 
remained  until  the  spring  of  1899,  then  wrought  on 
government  work  on  the  Mississippi  and  six  months 
later  went  to  Chillicothe  normal  school  in  Missouri, 
then  returned  to  the  government  work,  being  foreman 
of  the  cutting  crew.  Later  he  served  in  the  capacity 
of  cook,  then  wrought  in  a  glucose  factory,  then  re- 
turned  to  the  same  normal  school,  after  which  he 
visited  his  home  and  on  the  third  day  of  July,  1902. 
he  came  west,  landing  in  Idaho  county,  where  he 
went  to  work  near  Grangeville,  on  a  farm.  He  took 
the  school  examination  and  securing  a  certificate  for 
teaching,  chose  his  first  school  in  the  Redrock  dis- 
trict, and  on  February  20,  he  finished  successfully  a 
five  months'  term.  Three  days  later  he  began  another 
term,  at  the  Lamb  school  near  Lowe  and  is  fast  making 
himself  popular  as  a  teacher.  Mr.  Deardorff  has  one 
brother,  Urban,  one  half-brother,  Earl,  and  one  half- 
sister,  Leota.  Mr.  Deardorff  is  a  Democrat  and  active 
in  the  realm  of  political  life.  He  has  made  application 
for  a  membership  in  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  is  a  popular 
young  man. 


GEORGE  E.  PUTNAM  is  one  of  the' business 
men  of  Westlake,  having  now  a  hardware  and  furni- 
ture establishment,  which  he  is  operating  with  good 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  being  a  ma 
elves   the   good 


of  uprightness,  he 
11   and   coiiiiiK-iuv 


merits 
>f    the 


and    re 
people. 

George  F.  Putnam  was  born  in  Winnebago  county, 
Illinois,  on  July  16,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Coyne  M. 
and  Lavina  (Babcock)  Putnam.  The  father  was  born 
in  New  York,  on  January  14,  1822,  and  died  in  Jan- 
uary, 1902.  He  was  a  direct  descendant  of  General 
Putnam  of  Revolutionary  fame.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Indiana  in  1823  and  is  now  living  in  Oregon.  Our 
subject  had  a  great  misfortune  when  he  was  two  years 
old  that  rendered  him  a  cripple  all  his  life,  being 
obliged  to  use  a  wheel  chair  now.  He  was  educated 
in  Rock  county,  Wisconsin,  whither  his  parents  re- 
moved when  he  was  a  lad.  He  remained  with  his 
parents  until  thirty  and  with  them  came  to  Milton, 
Oregon,  in  1889.  They  settled  in  the  Walla  Walla 
valley  in  July,  and  our  subject  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business.  He  followed  that  business  there  and  in 
Walla  Walla  for  ten  years,  and  in  1899  came  to  West- 
lake  and  entered  the  same  business.  A  short  time 
subsequent,  Mr.  Putnam  sold  out  and  returned  to 
Walla  Walla,  only  to  return  to  Westlake  in  1900  and 
open  his  present  business,  where  he  has  continued  sinc 


that  date,  doing  a  good  busin 
substantial   men   of  the   to 


and  being  one  of  the 
.  Mr.  Putnam  is  still 
ith  the  quieter  joys  of 
ember  of  the  Seventh 
a  good  supporter  of  his 


a  jolly  bachelor  and  content 
.the   celibatarian.      He   is   a 

Day  Adventist  church  and  is 

faith.     He  is  interested  in  general  progress  and  up- 

building, and  is  a  public  minded  man.     Politically  he 
•is  a  Republican.    Mr.  Putnam  has  the  following  named 

brothers   and   sisters:    Florence   L.    Kelly,   Myrtle   E. 

Stron,  Walter  E.,  Harry  E.,  Herbert  E.,  and  Katie 

M.,  with  our  subject  at  Westlake. 


CHARLES  FLYNN  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and 
thrifty  farmers  and  stockmen  of  Idaho  county  and 
has  been  for  many  years,  while  he  also  handles  mining 
interests,  being  one  of  the  earliest  to  arrive  in  these 
districts  and  having  remained  in  this  section  since 
those  days  of  two  dollars  a  pound  for  flour. 

Charles  Flynn  was  born  in  Prescott,  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, on  August  8,  1841,  being  the  son  of  Benjamin  D. 
and  Margaret  (Thistlethwaite)  Flynn,  natives  of  Can- 
ada. The  father  was  a  blacksmith  and  died  on  May 
24,  1868,  and  the  mother  died  on  February  28,  1892. 
Our  subject  was  brought  up  in  his  native  place  and  re- 
ceived his  education  from  the  excellent  schools  of 
Ontario.  He  left  the  parental  roof  when  he  was 
eighteen,  and  came  by  steamboat  to  San  Francisco, 
crossing  the  isthmus  by  pack  animals.  He  was  soon 
in  Columbia  and  Tuolumne .  county  and  spent  several 
years  in  the  alluring  search  for  the  precious  metal. 
In  the  spring  of  1862,  he  came  by  steamer  to  Port- 
land, and  thence  up  the  Columbia  and  so  on  to  Flor- 
ence. He  prospected  there  during  1862-63  an£l  tne 
next  year  went  to  Newsome  creek  and  took  placer 
work  in  earnest.  He  was  successful  and  since  that 
time  has  been  more  or  less  interested  in  properties 


there.  When  the  war  broke  out  with  the  Indians.  Mr. 
Flynn  joined  the  Mt.  Idaho  Guards,  being  at  Harp- 
ster,  and  was  detailed  with  others  to  guard  the  women 
and  children,  which  responsibility  was  discharged  with 
the  utmost  care  and  faithfulness'.  In  1883  Mr.  Flynn 
took  up  his  present  farm  as  a  pre-emption  claim,  it 
being  two  miles  north  from  Clearwater.  He  has  made 
this  his  headquarters  since  that  time  and  while  he 
conducts  farming  and  raising  stock,  still  he  is  inter- 
ested in  mining.  He  owns  a  share  in  the  well  known 
Robin  and  Bluebird  mines  on  Newsome,  with  others. 
Mr.  Flynn  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Robert  "j.,  Thomas  W.,  Frances  Mclntyre,  Frederic 
E.  Mr.  Flynn  is  an  active  Democrat  and  is  always 
allied  on  the  side  of  improvement,  being  really  one  of 
the  builders  of  the  county,  since  his  labors  have  been 
wisely  bestowed  here  for  forty  years. 


WILLIAM  W.  MATTOX,  who  dwells  about  four 
miles  southeast  from  Lowe  on  a  farm  which  he  secured 
under  the  homestead  right,  is  one  of  the  industrous  and 
capable  farmers  of  Idaho  county  and  is  deserving  of 
mention  in  the  work  that  chronicles  the  history  of  this 
section.  He  was  born  in  Carroll  county,  Arkansas,  on 
June  9,  1857,  the  son  of  John  C.  and  Te'litha  J.  (Davis) 
Mattox.  The  father,  who  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
on  December  6,  1824,  was  detailed  as  blacksmith  during 
the  Rebellion,  and  was  a  pioneer  in  that  line  in  Arkan- 
sas. He  married  on  August  21,  1847.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  on  December  7,  1831,  and  died  on 
March  19,  1893.  At  the  age  of  twenty,  our  subject 
started  out  to  do  battle  on  life's  arena  alone  and  was 
possessed  of  the  capital  of  a  pair  of  good  stout  hands 
and  plenty  of  grit  and  courage.  Two  years  later  he 
went  to  Texas  and  farmed.  The  next  year  he  and  his 
father  bought  three  hundred  acres,  which  they  sold  the 
following  year,  and  returned  to  the  native  place  and 
rented  land,  then  bought  sixty  acres.  Eight  years  later 
he  .sold  out  and  came  to  Idaho  county,  landing  here 
on  May  28,  1893.  He  rented  a  quarter,  later  rented 
three  hundred  acres  and  then  had  the  misfortune  to 
lose  his  house  and  all  personal  possessions  by  fire.  In 
October,  1896,  he  took  his  present  place  as  a  home- 
stead, and  since  that  time  has  devoted  himself  to  its 
culture  and  improvement.  He  has  nine  head  of  neat 
cattle,  fifteen  horses  and  other  stock  and  is  cultivating 
about  half  of  his  land.  Mr.  Mattox  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  John  W..  O.  Monroe.  Jamison, 
Gillem  T.,  Sarah  J.,  Alice  U. 

In  Arkansas, "on  August  26,  1880,  Mr.  Mattox 
married  Miss  Belzora  C.,  daughter  of  John  E.  and 
Mary  F.  (Williams)  Wallis,  natives  of  Tennessee  and 
Missouri,  respectively.  The  mother  was  born  in  Tune, 
1839.  The  father  was  wealthy  but  lost  all  in  the"  war. 


edu- 
cated well  and  taught  in  Arkansas.  She  has  one 
brother,  William  W.,  a  lawyer,  born  in  Missouri,  on 
February  17,  1858,  and  died  December  21,  1901.  To 
:his  marriage  there  have  been  born  four  boys  and  one 
-irl:  Willis  L,  born  June  19,  1881 ;  John  C.,  born 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


March  12,  1883;  Clisha  W.,  born  July  29,  1887;  Ewin 
E.,  born  July  20.  1891 ;  Mary  T.,  born  August  5,  1894. 
The  boys  were  all  born  in  Arkansas,  but  the  girl  is 
a  native  of  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr.  Mattox  is  a  Re- 
publican, and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Christian 
church. 


SHERMAN  S.  GALLAWAY  is  one  of  the  rising 
young  men  of  Idaho  county,  who  devotes  his  attention 
to  the  production  of  the  fruits  of  the  field  and  stock 
raising.  His  well  kept  estate  of  200  acres  •  lies  five 
miles  east  of  Whitebird,  and  among  other  improve- 
ments which  enhance  its  value,  we  especially  mention 
the  orchard.  It  covers  seven  acres,  has  been  wisely 
selected  from  the  choicest  kinds  of  fruit  and  is  prob- 
ably one  of  the  best  bearing  orchards  in  the  county 
of  Idaho.  Mr.  Gallaway  justly  takes  a  pardonable  pride 
in  this  excellent  improvement.  He  was  born  on  May 
27,  1870,  in  Searcy  county,  Arkansas,  the  son  of  George 
M.  and  Louisa  T.  Gallaway.  When  our  subject  was 
five  years  of  age  he  was  brought  across  the  plains  by 
his  parents  to  Jackson  county,  Oregon.  During  the 
great  Centennial  year  they  made  their  way  to  Yakima 
county,  Washington,  and  in  the  spring  of  1878  removed 
to  the  Palouse  country,  then  in  the  spring  of  1883 
they  came  to  Whitebird.  At  the  early  age  of  sixteen 
our  subject  assumed  the  individual  responsibilities  of 
life  and  from  then  until  the  present  he  has  devoted 
much  of  his  time  and  energy  to  rearing  stock.  In 
1893  he  located  his  present  place  and  soon  thereafter 
bought  forty  acres  more.  In  addition  to  this  estate 
he  has  a  nice  band  of  cattle  and  horses  besides  other 
stock.  The  farm  is  well  supplied  with  water,  has  an 
abundant  out  range,  and  is  very  well  situated.  Mr. 
Gallaway  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  stands 
«xceedingly  well  in  the  community. 

Ever  since  Mr.  Gallaway  has  been  large  enough 
to  lift  a  rifle  he  has  given  considerable  time  to  the  art 
of  marksmanship,  but  not  content  with  that  alone  he 
has  penetrated  the  various  forests  and  mountain,  dis- 
tricts in  and  adjacent  to  Idaho  county,  and  many  are 
the  rugged  grizzlies  and  cinnamons  which  he  has  met 
in  mortal  combat.  Although  he  has  been  in  extreme 
and  dangerous  positions  on  various  occasions  he  has 
invariably  come  out  on  top,  the  rugged  bear  biting 
the  dust'  Mr.  Gallaway  supplies  his  larder  largely 
with  wild  meat  of  various  kinds  and  is  familiar  with  all 
the  hunting  grounds  in  this  section  of  the  country. 


GILBERT  N.  LAMORE,  who  has  been  one  of  the 
leading  spirits  in  the  inception  and  progress  of  Clear- 
water,  is  residing  about  one  mile  south  of  the  post- 
office  and  has  a  good  piece  of  land  taken  as  a 
homestead.  He  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the 
community,  has  manifested  integrity  and  uprightness 
and  won  all  as  his  friends. 

Gilbert  N.  Lamore  was  born  in  Eau  Claire,  Berrien 
county,  Michigan,  on  December  30,  1852,  being  the  son 


of  Louis  and  Sarah  L.  Lamore.  The  father  was  born 
in  Canada,  on  August  14,  1822,  of  French  ancestors. 
He  came  with  his  parents,  Enos  and  Josephine  Lamore, 
to  Michigan  when  he  was  eight,  and  to  use  their  words, 
it  was  a  "howling"  wilderness.  He  went  to  Buffalo 
and  learned  the  trade  of  ship  carpenter,  and  in  1846, 
May  17,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Losey.  They  went 
to  Pipestone  township,  Berrien  county,  bought  forty 
acres  and  when  he  died,  January  24,  1899,  he  had  two 
hundred  acres  more.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  on  January  19,  1823,  in  New  York,  went  to  Mich- 
igan in  1836  with  her  parents,  who  dwell  there  still. 
Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Michigan  and 
learned  the  carpenter  trade  from  his  father.  On  Sep- 
tember 5,  1876,  he  came  to  Portland,  thence  to  Forest 
Grove,  where  he  farmed  and  did  carpentering.  On 
March  12,  1884,  Mr.  Lamore  came  to  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington, and  soon  afterward  removed  to  his  present 
place  and  took  a  homestead.  Mr.  Lamore  now  has 
one  hundred  and  fifty-eight  acres,  having  donated  two 
acres  for  a  free  cemetery.  He  raises  stock,  does  general 
farming  and  carpentering,  and  owns  considerable  prop- 
erty in  addition,  including  lots  and  store  building  and 
so  forth,  in  Clearwater.  Mr.  Lamore  has  the  follow- 
ing brothers  and  sisters:  Josephine  E.,  Charles  L., 
George  S.,  Cornelia  E.,  deceased,  Lydia  M.  Rodell. 

On  October  17,  1889,  in  Benton  Harbor,  Michigan, 
Mr.  Lamore  married  Miss  Florence  E.,  daughter  of 
Samuel  and  Lucy  Correll,  of  Michigan.  She  was  born 
on  July  16.  1855,  and  died  at  Forest  Grove  on  October 
13,  1893.  Two  children  were  born  to  this  marriage, 
Agnes,  who  died  on  December  5,  1890,  and  Bert,  who 
died  in  August,  1892.  Mrs.  Lamore  had  two  brothers, 
Loren  and  Lloyd.  Mr.  Lamore  is  a  Republican,  and 
is  always  striving  for  better  roads,  better  schools,  and 
general  improvement.  He  was  the  first  mover  for  a 
school  at  Clearwater,  with  A.  W.  Williams  organized 
a  literary  club,  assisted  to  start  a  Sunday  school,  and 
in  all  ways  Mr.  Lamore  has  shown  himself  deeply  in- 
terested in  the  welfare  and  progress  of  the  community. 


HENRY  R.  CALDER,  owner  and  operator  of 
the  sawmill  one-half  mile  north  of  the  town  of  Clear- 
water,  and  also  owner  of  a  good  farm  which  he  con- 
ducts in  addition  to  the  mill,  is  one  of  the  substantial 
and  industrious  citizens  of  our  county  and  is  deserv- 
ing of  especial  mention  in  the  history  of  northern 
Idaho. 

Henry  R.  Calder  was  born  in  Kennebec  county, 
Maine,  on  December  12,  1840,  being  the  son  of  Sam- 
uel and  Elizabeth  (Harris)  Calder,  natives  of  Massa- 
chusetts. The  father  was  born  in  1794,  of  Scotch 
ancestry,  was  master  of  a  whaler  out  of  New  Bed- 
ford and  in  later  years  moved  to  Maine  and  settled 
to  farming,  where  he  died  in  1865.  The  mother  died 
in  1845.  She  was  descended  from  the  Pilgrims.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  Maine  and  Connecticut,  and 
when  fifteen  Went  to  sea  as  apprentice  on  the  Nesto- 
rian.  When  eighteen  he  joined  the  United  States  navy 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


473 


and  sailed  on  board  the  Dispatch,  a  steamer  engaged 
in  geodetic  survey.  Serving  his  time,  he  was  honor- 
ably discharged  and  returned  to  Maine.  While  on  a 
visit  to  his  sister  in  New  Jersey,  Mr.  Calder  enlisted 
in  Company  C,  Twenty-eighth  New  Jersey  Volun- 
teers, under  Captain  Joe  C.  Leston,  the  date  being 
August  30,  1862.  He  fought  in  the  battles  of  Acquia 
creek,  Fredericksburg  and  under  Hooker  at  Chancel- 
lorsville.  He  was  second  lieutenant  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  where  he  was  wounded  in  the  arm,  and  first 
lieutenant  under  Hooker.  He  was  discharged  on  July 
6,  1863,  then  went  to  Illinois,  Kansas,  Colorado, 
Wyoming,  Utah  and  mined  and  did  various  work. 
He  returned  to  Kansas  and  entered  the  butcher  busi- 
ness, but  later  farmed.  In  1878  he  came  overland  to 
Colfax,  Washington,  and  farmed  there  for  six  years. 
He  went  then  to  the  St.  Marys  river  country  and  in 
1893,  after  having  returned  previously  to  Colfax,  he 
bought  his  present  place.  He  operated  his  mill  on 
his  farm  until  it  was  cleared  and  is  now  doing  a  good 

1  business  where  he  is  located.    Mr.  Calder  had  three  sis- 

I  ters,  now  deceased,  Mary,  Eliza,  Emma  and  one 
brother,  Josiah. 

On  November  2,   1870,  Mr.  Calder  married  Miss 

[  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Israel  and  Sarah  A.  Trahern, 
natives  respectively  of  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  and 

I  died  in  1854  and  1847.  Mrs.  Calder  was  born  on 
April  29,  1843,  in  Ohio  and  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  Albert  P.,  Adeline  Dyer,  Wilberforce, 
Warren  C.,  Wellington  A.,  Emma  B.  Gregg,  Jacob. 
Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Calder : 
Samuel,  Ettie  and  Nettie,  deceased,  Robert  S.  Mr. 
Calder  is  a  Republican,  a  substantial  citizen,  and  was 
justice  of  the  peace  in  1897-8. 


JAMES  F.  THOMPSON,  an  enterprising  and 
capable  farmer  and  stockman  of  Idaho  county,  dwells 
four  miles  east  of  Whitebird,  where  he  has  a  good 
ranch,  well  improved  and  cared  for  in  a  skillful  man- 
ner. He  was  born  on  February  3,  1854,  in  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  the  son  of  loseph  and  Elizabeth 
(Donaghe)  Thompson.  The  father  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri on  October  6,  1823,  and  the  mother  was  born 
June  4,  1826.  They  were  married  in  Missouri  and 
crossed  the  plains  in  1852,  going  direct  to  Linn  county, 
where  they  located  a  donation  claim  and  engaged  in 
farming  and  stockraising.  The  father  was  very  suc- 
cessful and  accumulated  a  good  property.  He  was 
a  prominent  man  in  public  affairs  and  a  leading  spirit 
in  the  advancement  and  upbuilding  of  the  county.  He 
died  there  February  10,  1872.  The  mother  is  now 
living  there  in  Linn  county  and  is  very  hardy  for  one 
of  her  age.  She  is  a  devoted  member  of  the  Methodist 
church  as  was  also  her  husband.  Our  subject  was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  place  and  on  July 
15,  1877,  he  married  Rachel  E.,  daughter  of  Benjamin 
and  Betsey  (Brooks)  Olney.  Mr.  Olney  was  born 
March  9, "  1826,  in  Canada'  and  died  July  6,  1884. 
Mrs.  Olney  was  born  September  17,  1830,  and  died 
January  22,  1860.  Mrs.  Thompson  was  born  April 


y,  1859,  in  Miami  county,  Kansas,  and  crossed  the 
plains  with  her  father  in  1874.  Mr.  Olney  had  served 
for  two  years  in  the  Civil  war.  In  1883  Mr.  Thomp- 
son moved  with  his  family  to  Grant  county,  Oregon, 
and  engaged  in  the  stock  business  there  until  1891, 
when  he  came  to  Latah  county,  Idaho.  In  1892  he 
removed  thence  to  Camas  prairie  and  in  1893  he 
settled  on  his  present  place  and  this  has  been  the 
scene  of  his  labors  in  stockraising  and  farming  since. 
The  following  children  have  been  born  to  this  couple : 
Bertha  E.,  deceased;  Melissa  M.,  deceased;  Joseph 
B. :  Laura  L.,  deceased ;  Sarah  E.,  deceased ;  Alta  V., 
John  M.,  Clara  A.,  Martha  C. 

The  night  of  January  9,  1894,  is  the  saddest  time 
in  the  history  of  this  family.  While  all  were  sleeping 
quietly  in  their  newly  erected  dwelling  on  the  home- 
stead a  thundering  avalanche  of  snow  swept  down 
upon  them  and  Mr.  Thompson  was  barely  able  to 
rush  out  of  the  house  with  his  wife  before  it  was 
buried  completely.  As  soon  as  possible  it  was  exca- 
vated but  four  of  their  girls,  aged  fifteen,  fourteen, 
nine  and  seven,  were  smothered  to  death.  Alta  V. 
was  nearly  dead,  but  they  resuscitated  her.  This  is 
one  of  those  sad  accidents  in  human  existence  whi;h 

bow. 


PERRY  A.  McGUIRE  is  one  of  the  progressive 
and  energetic  farmers  of  Idaho  county;  last  year  he 
turned  off  five  thousand  bushels  of  oats,  twelve  hun- 
dred of  flax  and  other  productions  in  proportion.  He 
rents  three  hundred  acres  of  Indian  lands  ten  miles 
southwest  from  Kamiah  and  also  has  some  stock. 

Perry  A.  McGuire  was  born  in  Platte  county, 
Missouri,  on  December  14,  1854,  the  son  of  William 
and  Elizabeth  (Barnes)  McGuire.  The  father  was 
a  farmer  and  in  1857  located  the  land  where  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas,  now  stands.  Here  he  was  exposed 
to  a  severe  cold  which  caused  his  death  soon  after 
leaving  the  farm.  The  mother  was  born  in  Boone 
county,  Missouri.  Our  subject  received  a  good  dis- 
trict schooling  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  started 
in  life  for  himself.  He  had  the  wealth  of  a  pair  of 
willing  hands,  a  good  head  to  direct  them  and  a 
courageous  heart.  He  went  to  Indian  territory  where 
he  was  teamster  one  year  for  the  United  States,  then  in 
1875  he  was  in  the  same  capacity  in  Mexico.  Re- 
turning to  Colorado  he  prospected  and  mined  for  two 
years.  Then  his  next  journey  was  to  Durango,  where 
he  freighted  for  four  years,  after  which  he  sold  his 
outfits  and  bought  cattle.  He  remained  in  this  in- 
dustry for  eight  years  and  then  sold  out  at  a  good 
figure.  His  next  move  was  to  Tillamook  county, 
Oregon,  where  he  farmed  and  raised  stock  for  four 
years.  Next  he  went  to  the  Big  Bend  country  in 
Washington,  and  took  a  homestead  and  timber  culture, 
raising  horses  and  farming  for  six  years.  Selling  his 
property  there,  Mr.  McGuire  came  to  Idaho  county 
on  December  25,  1900,  and  has  given  his  attention  to 
cultivating  a  half  section  of  Indian  land  where  he  now 
dwells.  He  has  been  a  great  traveler,  having  had 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


many  and  varied  experiences  in  the  different  localities 
in  which  he  has  resided,  but  always  manifesting  a  spirit 
of  energy  and  activity.  Mr.  McGuire  has  the  follow- 
ing half-brothers  and  half-sisters  by  his  step-father, 
Mr.  Barnes:  Fielden  T.,  Thomas.  George,  Mary, 
Martha.  By  his  step-father,  Mr.  McGuire,  our  sub- 
ject, has  three  half-sisters :  Angaline,  Lee,  Lizzie. 

In  Tillamook  county,  Oregon,  Mr.  McGuire  mar- 
ried Miss  Mity,  daughter  of  William  and  Ann 
(Lavender)  Rhoades,  the  wedding  occurring  on  Octo- 
ber 2,  1885.  The  parents  of  Mrs.  McGuire  were  born 
in  Missouri.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McGuire  there  has 
been  born  one  child,  Albert  M.,  in  Tillamook  county, 
on  October  23,  1886.  Mr.  McGuire  is  a  Democrat,  a 
man  of  influence  and  good  standing. 


DAVID  WEDDLE  lives  twelve  miles  southwest 
from  Kamiah  and  is  an  engineer  by  trade.  He  has 
wrought  in  various  places  and  is  a  thorough  master 
of  his  craft.  He  was  born  in  Missouri,  on  Novem- 
ber 10,  1848,  the  son  of  John  C.  and  Jane  (Busley) 
Weddle.  The  father  was  born  in  Mew  York  city  in 
1797  and  was  bound  out  to  a  manufacturer  of  looking 
glasses.  When  the  war  of  1812  broke  out  he  ran 
away  and  enlisted  in  the  infantry,  under  Reed,  and 
served  all  through  the  war  and  five  years  afterward. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Kentucky. 
Our  subject  attended  school  and  in  1861  started  to  do 
for  himself.  He  labored  at  various  occupations  and 
did  considerable  traveling,  being  in  various  states  and 
territories.  In  1892  he  came  to  Moscow  and  after 

mountains  to  engage  in  a  sawmill.  One  year  later  he 
went  on  to  a  farm  and  remained  six  years.  He  did 
not  succeed  in  that  undertaking-  and  went  into  the 
timber  where  he  bought  forty  acres.  Later  he  sold 
this  and  then  was  engineer  in  the  mills.  In  1902  he 
came  to  Idaho  county  and  operated  a  threshing 
machine  engine.  Mr.  Weddle  has  three  brothers  and 
two  sisters:  Samuel  H.,  form  R.,  James  H.,  Charity, 
Telitha. 

On  December  16,  1881,  Mr.  Weddle  married  Miss 
Emma  I.,  daughter  of  Andy  and  Rhoda  McNickels. 
Mrs.  Weddle  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1861  and  died  on 
November  n.  1889.  Two  children  were  left  at  her 
death:  Allie  .R.,  born  in  Illinois  on  August  9,  1883; 
Ida  May,  born  in  Missouri  on  September  22,  1889. 
Mr.  Weddle  is  allied  with  the  Democratic  party  and 
takes  keen  interest  in  political  matters. 


THEODORE  D.  SWARTS  is  a  well  known 
stockman  and  farmer  residing  four  miles  north  of 
Whitebird.  He  was  born  March  n,  1847,  in  Warren 
county,  Ohio,  the  son  of  John  A.  and  Mary  D. 
(Leonard)  S warts,  natives  respectively  of  Virginia 
and  Ohio.  The  family  crossed  the  plains  with  horse 
teams  in  1852,  to  Nevada  county,  California,  where 
the  father  did  mining.  Our  subject  attended  school 


until  sixteen  and  then  took  up  mining,  which  he  fol- 
lowed for  a  number  of  years.  In  1864  we  find  him 
thus  occupied  in  Florence  and  later  he  came  to  Camas 
prairie,  where  he  carried  the  express  from  Mount 
Idaho  to  Warren.  He  did  this  business  for  a  number 
of  years  for  others  and  then  he  bought  the  line  him- 
self, continuing  the  same  until  1878,  when  he  settled 
at  Grangeville.  His  residence  was  the  third  in  the 
town.  The  next  year  he  came  to  his  present  location^  i 
and  here  he  has  continued  raising  stock  and  farming 
until  the  present  time.  His  estate  is  well  improved  and 
he  is  a  prosperous  man.  When  the  Indian  war  broke 
out  in  1877  Mr-  Swarts  volunteered  to  come  to 
Whitebird  and  fight  the  Indians.  He  was  in  that 
battle  where  the  whites  were  defeated,  many  of  the]  j 
soldiers  were  killed  and  three  citizens  were  wounded. 
Mr.  Swarts  received  a  bullet  in  his  hip  and  laid  five 
weeks  in  the  hospital  at  Mount  Idaho.  G.  M.  Shearer 
was  shot  in  the  shoulder  and  Herman  Faxon  was  shot! 
in  the  thigh.  The  farm  of  Mr.  Swarts  is  the  scene  ofl  | 
a  portion  of  this  battle  and  some  of  the  soldier 
buried  there.  The  identical  thorn  tree  whe 
soldier  was  mutilated  and  fastened  to  the  lin 
still  standing,  and  Mr.  Swarts  intends  to  always  pre- 
serve it.  It  is  very  noticeable  that  the 
larger  today  than  twenty-six  years  ago  when  the  hor- 
rible act  occurred. 

On  August  21,  1877,  Mr.  Swarts  married  Miss 
Electa,  daughter  of  John  T.  and  Clara  E.  (Smith) 
Brown.  Mrs.  Swarts  was  born  Decet 
Her  parents  crossed  the  continent  by  ox  and  horse 
teams,  from  New  York  state  to  Ros 
In  1867  they  came  to  Cam 

there  in  1873.  The  mother  is  now  Mrs.  Baldw 
living  near  Grangeville.  Nine  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Swarts :  Pearl  E.,  Lewis  J.,  Mai 
E.  Newman,  Lillian  R.,  Bertram  B.,  Willard  A.,  de- 
ceased, Vernon  D.,  T.  Sidney,  Lulu,  deceased.  Mr. 
Swarts  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M..  and 
belongs  to  the  Idaho  Stock  Association. 


THOMAS  SURRIDGE  has  won  in  the  race  of. 
business  and  achievements  in  handling  the -resources 
of  this  new  country,  because  of  his  energy,  his  sa- 
gacity, keen  business  discrimination  and  alertness  to 
grasp  the  opportunity  presented.  He  was  borr 
London,  England,  on  August  7,  1849,  the  son  of  Tohn 
and  Mary  (Corcoran)  Surridge.  The  father  was  born 
in  Kravestock,  Essex,  England,  on  January  12,  1826, 
the  descendent  of  sturdy  yeomen  who  were  traced 
back  to  sixteen  hundred  in  the  ancestral  book.  He 
was  educated  in  his  native  land,  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1857,  settling  twelve  miles  north  from  Ann 
Arbor,  Michigan,  and  farmed  until  his  death,  March 
20,  1898.  The  mother  was  born  on  May  24.  1826,  in 
Tralee,  county  Kerry,  Ireland.  She  went  with  [ 
parents  to  London  in  1834,  married  in  May,  1846,  and 
died  on  August  19,  1900.  Our  subject  was  ten  years 
old  when  the  family  came  to  Michigan  and  he  gained 
his  education  in  London  and  Michigan.  When  of  age 


:  to  Roseburg  in  that  year, 
prairie  and  the  father  died 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  went  to  lumbering  in  Saginaw  and  in  1874  he 
came  to  Grass  valley,  California.  He  wrought  for  the 
Idaho  Mining  and'  Milling  Company  in  the  lumber 
department  for  a  time  and  on  May  19,  1876,  he  em- 
barked on  the  good  steamer,  John  L.  Stevens,  to 
Portland,  arriving  May  23.  thence  to  Wallula,  then  by 
wooden  rail  over  the  Baker  line  to  Walla  Walla,  and 
on  May  28th  he  landed  in  Lewiston.  He  came  on  to 
Harpster,  taking  a  section  by  the  different  rights.  On 
June  13,  1877,  Mr.  Surridge  joined  Company  B, 
Second'  Idaho  Militia,  and  was  messenger  between 
Major  Williams  and  Colonel  McConville  at  the  Clear- 
water  fight.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Surridge  has  re- 
mained in  Harpster,  has  a  one-fourth  interest  in  a 
general  merchandise  store,  half  interest  in  the  livery, 
does  real  estate  and  other  business  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  community.  In  April,  1898,  Mr. 
Surridge  and  his  brother  bought  four  hundred  and 
eighty  acres  and  then  platted  forty  as  the  town  of 
Bridgeport.  Mr.  Surridge  handles  his  large  farm  to 
general  productions,  raises  stock  and  also  handles 
mining  interests. 

|  On  November  27,  1874,  Mr.  Surridge  married 
Julia  M.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mathilda  (Ham- 
,mond)  Pecord,  natives  of  France.  The  father  was 
§K>rn  in  1827,  came  to  Canada  when  seven  years  old, 
learned  the  blacksmith  trade  there  with  his  uncle  and 
wrought  at  various  places  and  finally,  1866,  came  to 
Kwell,  Vermont,  where  he  still  resides.  The  mother 
..was  born  in  1827,  came  to  Canada  with  her  parents 
when  fifteen,  married  in  1857  and  died  in  1893.  Mrs. 
Surridge  was  born  in  Oswego,  New  York,  on  Octo- 
rber  3,  1856.  and  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows: 
Mathilda  Chamberlain.  Joseph,  deceased,  Fanny 
^Schakett,  Charles,  Phoebe  Clark,  deceased,  Wilfori 
,;L,  Georgia,  deceased.  Mr.  Surridge  has  the  follow- 
ing brothers  and  sisters:  James,  Eliza  Case,  George, 
Kate  Emerson,  Annie  Cyluff,  Joe.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Surridge:'  May  Smith, 
Kate  Lapp,  John,  Georgia.  Mr.  Surridge  is  a  stanch 
Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Mt. 
Idaho  Lodge  No.  9. 


WALTER  L.  BROWN,  the  senior  member  of  the 
jirm  of  Brown  &  Brust,  general  merchants  of  Cotton- 
[wood,  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  capable  business 
•men  of  Idaho  county  and  has  manifested  himself  a 
Jinan  of  capabilities,  worth  and  integrity,  which  have 
won  for  him  not  only  the  excellent  patronage  in  busi- 
ness ways  which  he  enjoys,  but  also  the  high  esteem 
and  confidence  of  the  people. 

Walter  L.  Brown  was  born  in  Buckingham  county, 
Virginia,  on  December  31.  :86s,  being  the  son  of  John 
W.  and  Sarah  A.  (Miller)  Brown,  natives  of  Virginia. 
The  father  was  born  in  1827  and  died  in  1887,  having 
been  a  merchant.  The  mother  was  of  Scotch  ex- 
traction and  died  in  Grangeville.  Our  subject  was 
raised  in  Virginia,  received  a  good  education  and  busi- 
ness training;  at  the  age  of  nineteen  he  determined 
to  try  the  responsibilities  of  life  for  himself.  He 


landed  in  Lewiston  on  December  10,  1885,  and  at  once 
went  to  clerking  for  Mr.  Barnett.  He  also  worked  for 
J.  P.  Vollmer  &  Company  and  then  went  to  Portland 
and  took  a  business  course.  In  1888  Mr.  Brown  went 
to  Warren  and  took  charge  of  a  stock  of  goods  for  Mr. 
Benson.  In  1890  he,  in  partnership  with  W.  J.  Kelly, 
bought  the  stock  and  continued  the  business  until 
1892.  In  that  year  Mr.  Brown  sold  out  and  came  to 
Cottonwood.  He  engaged  in  business  with  Henry 
Wax,  which  firm  did  a  good  business  until  1901, 
when  Mr.  Brown  bought  out  his  partner  and  con- 
tinued the  business  until  the  end  of  the  year  alone. 
Then  he  took  William  G.  Brust  as  partner  and  since, 
the  business  has  been  conducted  under  the  firm  name 
of  Brown  &  Brust.  They  do  a  fine  business,  have  a 
patronage  from  all  portions  of  the  county  and  are 
capable,  upright  and  reliable  merchants.  Their  stock 
is  large  and  selected  with  the  best  of  wisdom  and  is 
at  all  times  complete  and  furnishes  to  the  customer 
exactly  what  he  wants  with  the  assurance  that  it  is 
sold  to  him  as  cheap  as  the  markets  of  the  world  can 
produce. 

On  June  14,  1899,  at  Grangeville,  Mr.  Brown  mar- 
ried Miss  Adda  Cable,  who  had  taught  school  in  that 
town  for  several  years,  being  one  of  the  successful 
educators  of  the  county.  Her  parents  were  born  in 
Ohio  and  her  father  was  a  Baptist  preacher.  Mrs. 
Brown  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1872  and  has  two  brothers 
and  four  sisters  in  California.  Mr.  Brown  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  Mary,  John  N.,  Nan- 
nie, Sallie,  William  W.,  Charles  A.,  Albert  A., 
Robert  E.,  Thomas  A.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown.  Politically  our  subject  is  an 
active  Democrat  and  an  influential  man  of  the  county. 

man  of  sound  judgment  and  his  counsels  are  valuable 
to  his  party. 


RICHARD  B.  HENLEY  is  one  of  the  younger 
and  enterprising  citizens  of  Idaho  county  and  is  at 
present  living  upon  his  ranch,  six  miles  up  the  White- 
bird  creek  from  the  town.  He  was  born  October  21, 
1877,  in  Allen  county,  Kansas,  the  son  of  Richard  M. 
and  Martha  J.  (Stri'ckler)  Henley,  born  in  Missouri, 
August  15,  1849,  and  in  Indiana,  October  21,  1852, 
respectively.  In  1880  the  family  crossed  the  plains  in 
wagons  to  Buena  Vista,  California,  and  three  years 
later  they  returned  to  Kansas.  In  1891  they  came  to 
Camas  prairie  and  our  subject  worked  with  his  father 
at  the  stock  business  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old. 
During  this  time  he  secured  a  good  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  then  started  a  confectionery  store 
in  Grangeville.  In  1901  he  came  to  his  present  place, 
taking  it  as  a  homestead  and  now  has  it  well  improved 
with  buildings  and  orchards  and  owns  in  addition  a 
nice  residence  in  Grangeville  and  a  band  of  cattle. 
Mr.  Henley  started  out  for  himself  when  eighteen  and 
his  stock  and  capital  were  plenty  of  courage  and  two 
good,  strong  hands,  and  all  that  he  has  gained  is  the 
result  of  hard  labor  and  excellent  management  in 
financial  affairs. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  August  15,  IQOO,  Mr.  Henley  married  Miss 
Martha  Brusha,  daughter  of  Mrs.  Hadorn,  of  White- 
bird.  One  child,  Wallace  Burton,  has  been  born  to 
this  couple  and  they  have  also  adopted  two,  Alfred  and 
Frank  Soten,  sons  of  Mrs.  Hadorn's  sister.  Mr.  Hen- 
ley is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  a  man  of  enter- 
prise and  worth. 


ROBERT  NUGENT,  at  present  handling  a  bar- 
ber shop  in  Cottonwood,  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
in  many  sections  of  the  west,  but  especially  so  in 
Idaho  and  Nez  Perces  counties,  where  he  has  been 
one  of  the  leading  miners,  stage  drivers,  and  general 
progressive  pioneers.  It  will  be  greatly  interesting 
to  see  some  of  the  items  of  his  career  and  we  append 
the  same  with  pleasure. 

Robert  Nugent  was  born  in  Rochester,  New  York, 
on  April  7,  1844,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Anna 
(Frazier)  Nugent.  The  father  was  born  in  Troy, 
New  York,  was  a  pioneer  of  the  west  and  descended 
from  Irish  extraction.  The  mother  was  born  in  Glas- 
gow, of  Scotch  ancestry.  The  father  went,  via  the 
Isthmus,  to  California  in  1859,  dug  gold  for  a  time, 
then  returned  to  the  states  for  his  family,  outfitted 
with  ox  teams  and  made  the  way  to  Salt  Lake  City. 
They  wintered  there  and  the  next  year  he  and  our 
subject  went  to  Montana.  He  returned  to  New  York 
and  Robert  made  his  wav  to  Lewiston.  He  crossed 
the  mountains  with  Jim  Flannigan's  pack  train,  froze 
his  feet  and  went  five  days  without  food.  Finally 
they  secured  some  camas  'from  the  Indians  and  so 
kept  alive  until  they  canie  to  Lewiston.  This  was 
December  23,  1864,  and  since  that  early  time  Mr. 
Nugent  has  been  identified  with  this  country  and  is 
intimately  acquainted  with  its  development.  He  next 
went  to  Mt.  Idaho,  thence '  again  to  Montana  and 
spent  some  time  in  Virginia  City,  returned  again  to 
Lewiston,  went  to  Florence  and  wintered  in  Walla 
Walla.  In  1871-2  Mr.  Nugent  held  the  important 
position  of  road  supervisor  and  collector  at  Florence. 

when  the  water  gave  out  went  to  other  work.  In 
1877  he  carried  the  mail  and  pony  express  from  Mt. 
Idaho  to  Warren  and  on  June  I3th,  of  that  year,  the 
Indians  broke  out.  Mr.  Nugent  was  sergeant  in  the 
Mt.  Idaho  Volunteers  under  Captain  Randall  and 
Major  McConnell.  They  were  across  the  Clearwater 
when  General  Howard  "was  surrounded  by  the  In- 
dians and  was  later  relieved  by  Captain  Jackson.  The 
Indians  attacked  the  volunteers  and  stampeded  fifty 
horses,  but  were  repulsed.  A  detachment,  in  which 
was  Mr.  Nugent,  went  to  Mt.  Idaho  for  more  horses 
and  they  drove  the  outposts  of  the  Indians  before 
them  while  Howard  repulsed  the  savages  on  his  side. 
After  this  Mr.  Nugent  drove  the  stage  from  Mt.  Idaho 
to  Lewiston,  then  raised  stock  with  Ben  F.  Morris 
near  Denver  for  six  years.  Next  we  see  him  dealing 
in  horses  in  Spokane  and  later  he  settled  in  Cotton- 
wood  ;  this  was  in  1888,  and  he  has  been  more  or  less 
identified  with  this  place  since.  In  that  year  Mr. 
Nugent  married  Charlotte  Stage  and  took  up  the 


saloon  business  until  1895.  Mrs.  Mugent  died  in 
January,  1896.  Since  then  Mr.  Nugent  has  handled 
mining  during  the  water  season  and  operates  a  bar- 
ber shop  in  Cottonwood.  He  has  three  brothers  and 
two  sisters:  Dannie,  John,  Henry,  Mary  A.,  Sarah. 
Mr.  Nugent  is  a  Democrat  and  has  always  been 
central  committeeman,  was  road  supervisor  for  sevanil 
terms,  deputy  for  many  years  and  is  one  of  the  active 
men  in  politics  and  all  matters  for  advancement  of 
the  community. 

Mr.  Nugent  could  tell  many  interesting  incidents 
of  frontier  life.  One  time  he  received  $25.00  from  a 
merchant  for  packing  him  across  a  swollen  creek. 
Like  all  the  volunteers,  he  received  nothing  for  his 
services,  horses  lost  or  provisions  furnished.  Ono: 
in  early  times  when  Warren  was  the  county  seat,  there 
was  great  rivalry  between  that  town  and  Florence. 
Our  subject  was  pitted  against  Charlie  Morton,  who 
was  county  assessor  and  lived  in  Warren,  which  place 
he  represented,  to  ride  a  race  from  Florence  to  War- 
ren, July  3,  1872.  Distance,  fifty  miles,  and  the  time 
not  to  be  over  five  and  one  half  hours  and  the  purse 
five  hundred  dollars.  Mr.  Nugent  made  it  in  five 
hours,  seventeen  minutes  and  one  half,  beating  Mortor 
by  two  and  one  half  hours.  Mr.  Nugent  rode  ti 
horse  back  the  next  day  in  seven  hours. 


CHARLES  L.  RICE  has  wrought  with  display 
wisdom,  industry  and  tenacity  in  the  development  an 
advancement   of   Idaho  county   for  years  and   stanc 
to-day  one  of  the  respected  and  capable  men  and 
loyal  and  upright  citizen.     He  was  born  in  Washin 
ton  county,  Oregon,  on  April  i,  1847,  the  son  of  Jai 
E.   and   Nancy    (Bair)    Rice.     The   father   was   bo 
in  Canada  in  1812  and  died  in  1888,  crossed  the  plai 
in    1844    and    settled    in    Washington    county.      * 
moved  to  Idaho  in  1880  and  settled  on  Camas  prairie. 
His   parents    were   Americans   and   the   mother   was 
visiting  in  Canada  when  he  was  born.    The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Michigan  in  1817  and  died 
in   September   1902.     She  accompanied  her  husband 
across  the  plains  and  endured  the  hardships  of  pioneer 
life.     Our  subject  was  fourteen  when  the  family  left 
Washington   county   and   settled   in   Douglas   county. 
He   was   educated    in   these   places   and    remained  at 
home  until  1870,  when  he  came  to  Idaho  county.   He 
took   land   and   engaged   in   the   stock  business   untfl 
1890,  when  he  sold  out  and  went  to  mining  at  Elk, 
where  he  continued  for  seven  years,  sold  out  and  re- 
mained three  years  longer.    He  did  well  in  this  mining 
venture.     Since  then  Mr.  Rice  settled  at  the  Dewey 
mine,  where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time  conduct- 
ing the  boarding  house.     He  also  has  property  on  the 
Clearwater  near  the  Dewey. 

In  1897,  in  Oregon,  Mr.  Rice  married  Miss  Mar- 
garette  McCready,  whose  father,  a  pioneer  in  Cali- 
fornia, took  an  active  part  in  the  Rogue  river  war. 
Mrs.  Rice  was  well  educated  and  taught  some  time 
before  her  marriage.  She  has  two  brothers  and  one 
sister:  Charles,  Julia  Odle,  John  R.  Mr.  Rice  has 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


(three  sisters  and  five  brothers:  Ann  Harness,  Eliza 
Roan,  Mary  McGee,  Hull,  John  N.,  Russell  H.,  James 
H'.,  Frank  'W.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this 
union:  Walter  S.,  lames  H.  Mr.  Rice  is  a  stanch 
and  active  Republican. 

At  the  time  of  the  Indian  war  he  was  living  three 
miles  north  from  Grangeville,  having  just  brought  his 
newly  wedded  wife  home.  He  was  notified  of  the 
threatening  attitude  of  the  Indians  but  did  not  think 
it  worth  while  to  move.  Frank  Fenn  warned  him 
jagain  on  the  eve  of  the  thirteenth  and  he  at  once  went 
to  Mt.  Idaho  with  his  wife,  and  stood  guard  that 
night.  Frank  Fenn  had  been  picket  below  Grangeville 
land  had  picked  up  Hill  Norton  who  had  told  all.  He 
I  turned  the  boy  over  to  another  man  who  brought  him 
iin  and  Fenn,  Jim  Adkinson  and  our  subject  rode  over 
to  the  wagon,"  about  three  and  one-half  miles  west  on 
ithe  road.  Moore  and  Day  were  in  the  wagon,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Norton  on  the  ground.  Mr.  Norton  was 
dead.  They  did  not  know  Chamberlain  was  with  the 
party.  They  wanted  water  and  immediately  Fenn  re- 
turned for  assistance.  Mr.  Rice  at  the  request  of  Mrs. 
Norton  went  to  search  for  her  sister,  Lena.  He  saw  a 
horse  standing  on  the  prairie  a  long  distance  off  and 
soon  became  convinced  it  was  an  Indian's.  He  re- 

ied  to  the  wagon  and  asked  Adkinson  to  get  the 
harness  off  the  dead  horses.  He  went  again  to  look, 
saw  Fenn  coming  and  also  saw  the  lone  horse 
whirl  around  swiftly  which  was  the  signal  for  the 
Indians.  He  hurried  to  the  aid  of  Adkinson  and  they 
harnessed  their  saddle  horses  in  and  began  the  race 
for  Grangeville.  The  Indians  were  a  large  band  and 
were  coining  with  swiftness.  Had  it  not  been  for  the 
prairie  being  soft,  they  would  have  overtaken  the 
^agon,  but  even  as  it  was.  the  horses,  each  being  rid- 
den by  its  owner,  encumbered  with  harness  and 
wagon,  made  the  run  in  time  to  escape  the  savages. 
They  went  on  to  Mt.  Idaho  and  arrived  there  about 
3'clock  A.  M. 


WELLINGTON  M.  CLARKE,  of  the  firm  of 
Clarke  &  O'Bannon,  is  one  of  the  leading  merchants 
3f  the  section,  and  the  firm  not  only  handles  a  first- 
:lass  general  merchandise  establishment  in  Harpster, 
but  also  operates  another  in  Clearwater,  doing  a  good 
business  in  both  places  and  standing  among  the  lead- 
ing merchants  of  this  portion  of  the  county. 

Wellington  M.  Clarke  was  born  in '  Pickaway 
inty,  Ohio,  on  November  22,  1855,  ar>d  a  short  ac- 
mt  of  his  parents  appears  in  another  portion  of  this 
work.  When  ten  he  came  with  the  balance  of  the 
family  to  Garnett,  Anderson  county,  Kansas,  and  later 
he  finished  a  course  in  the  Geneva  Academy  in  Allen 
county,  that  state.  In  1874  Mr.  Clarke  went  to  Illi- 
but  returned  to  Kansas  in  December,  1876.  The 
following  spring  he  went  with  his  brother,  Arthur,  and 
sister  and  her  husband,  T-  G.  Rowton,  to  Mt.  Idaho, 
via  San  Francisco,  Portland,  The  Dalles,  Lewiston, 
having  the  experience  of  cars,  steamers,  portage,  stage, 
and  footing.  They  completed  their  journey  on  April 
28,  1877.  On  June  13,  1877,  he  answered  the  call  for 


volunteers  to  fight  the  Indians  and  with  fifteen  others, 
a  troop  of  cavalry  and  Perry  they  scouted  to  White- 
bird,  then  went  to  Slate  creek,  where  they  were  de- 
tailed as  the  guard  for  the  women  and  children.  Later 
they  joined  General  Howard  in  the  chase  of  the  red- 
skins. After  the  war  Mr.  Clarke  worked  one  year  for 
L.  P.  Brown  and  then  in  1882  went  to  the  Saw  Tooth 
range,  rode  for  cattle  and  later  opened  a  butcher  shop 
in  the  mining  camp  of  Vienna.  Selling  this  he  took 
a  homestead  in  1884  one-half  mile  southeast  from 
Clearwater.  Six  years  were  spent  on  this  and  then 
Mr.  Clarke  mined  in  the  vicinity  of  Dixie.  He  worked 
a  placer  bought  from  Sam  Dillinger  for  three  years, 
then  took  charge  of  C.  A.  Hasting's  store  in  Harpster 
for  a  year  and  then  in  company  with  his  present  part- 
ner, Mr.  Clarke  bought  the  stock  and  buildings.  They 
have  a  fine  establishment  now,  do  a  good  business  and 
as  stated  have  also  a  store  in  Clearwater.  Mr.  Clarke 
still  owns  his  valuable  ranch,  and  also  has  various 
mining  interests,  among  which  is  a  placer  property  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  one  mile  below  Harp- 
ster. He  is  a  Republican  and  is  always  interested  and 
influential  in  the  campaigns. 


JOSEPH  A.  McKINNEY  lives  about  one  mile 
northeast  from  Lowe,  where  he  has  a  farm  of  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-three  acres  of  fine  land  which  is  being 
improved  in  a  good  manner.  He  has  some  stock,  such 
as  cattle,  horses  and  hogs.  He  was  born  in  Jackson 
county,  Missouri,  on  April  6.  1835,  the  son  of  John 
and  Anna  (Austin)  McKinney,  born  in  Cumberland 
county,  Virginia,  on  April  6,  1804,  and  in  Indiana  in 
1806,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  minister  and  be- 
gan his  labors  when  he  was  twenty.  He  died  June  17, 
1888.  The  mother  died  in  1847  'and  Mr.  McKinney 
married  Orpha  Carter,  who  crossed  the  plains  with 
Dr.  Whitman  to  be  a  missionary  in  Oregon.  Mr. 
McKinney  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  in  1847. 
Our  subject  attended  district  school  and  then  Chapel 
college  and  started  out  at  seventeen  without  means 
save  a  courageous  heart  and  willing  hands.  He 
packed  to  California  for  three  years  and  on  one  oc- 
casion he  struck  the  market  just  right  at  Jacksonville, 
where  he  sold  four  thousand  pounds  of  flour  for  a 
dollar  per  pound.  He  bought  sheep  and  handled  that 
industry  for  seven  years.  Then  he  bought  land  and 
farmed.  Later  he  was  in  a  sawmill,  then  two  years 
afterward  sold  and  bought  another  farm.  This  he 
farmed  sixteen  years,  but  as  his  health  broke  down 
he  sold  and  changed  location  and  bought  again,  but 
lost  heavily  by  fire.  Then  Mr.  McKinney  sold  and 
bought  a  mill  and  later  lost  nine  thousand"  dollars  in 
another  fire.  Then  he  came  to  Athena  and  was  over- 
seer for  a  company  for  three  years.  Later  Mr.  Mc- 
Kinney came  to  Latah,  Washington,  and  in  1894  to 
Idaho  county  and  bought  land  on  Cottonwood  which 
he  sold  in  1902.  In  1900  he  located  on  his  present 
place  and  since  that  time  has  given  himself  to  its  im- 
provement. He  has  an  orchard  of  two  hundred  trees, 
some  stock,  buildings  and  other  improvements. 


478 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  August  4,  1854,  Mr.  McKinney  married  Miss 
Nancy  J.,  daughter  "of  John  and  Hannah  (Venah) 
Wiseman,  natives  of  Kentucky.  Mrs.  McKinney  was 
born  in  Miami  county,  Indiana,  on  January  17,  1836, 
was  educated  in  the  district  schools  and  crossed  the 
plains  with  her  father  in  i8=;2.  Mr.  McKinney  has 
four  brothers  and  four  sisters:  William,  Wilkerson, 
lohn  F.,  George  B.,  Matilda  A.,  Zerrelda  G.,  Sarah, 
Elizabeth  |.  Mrs.  McKinney  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters :  Daniel'  A.,  Elizabeth,  Catherine, 
Sarah,  Lydia  A.,  and  also  the  following  half-brothers 
and  half-sisters :  James  B.,  John  W.,  William,  Hariet, 
Mary.  Hannah.  To  our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife 
there  have  been  born  the  following  children:  William 
C,  born  June  17,  i8S5 :  Marion,  born  on  September 
8,  1857;  John,  born  March  29,  1868;  Zerrilda,  born 
October  16.  1859;  Clara  E.,  born  July  29, 
1860;  Alvareta  C.,  born  October  25,  1861 ;  Olive  M., 
born  May  3,  1865 :  Martha  A.,  born  October  24,  1867 ; 
Ida  Bell',  born  May  14,  1869;  Ephia,  born  June  3, 
1871;  Maggie  R.,  born  October  23,  1877;  Bertha  E., 
born  February  18,  1880.  Mr.  McKinney  is  a  free 
silver  man  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Republican 
party.  In  church  relations  they  adhere  to  the  Metha- 
dist  "denomination. 


HON.  WILLIAM  C.  PEARSON,  deceased.  No 
compilation  of  the  character  of  our  volume  would  be 
complete  without  especial  mention  of  the  noted  man 
whose  name  heads  this  memorial.  His  labors  in  Idaho 
county  testify  more  eloquently  than  we  are  able  to  clo 
of  his  own  personal  value  and  the  great  good  that  he 
accomplished  during  lifetime.  He  was  a  man  of  in- 
trinsic worth,  always  holding  the  welfare  of  the  com- 
munity uppermost  and  ever  laboring  with  that  untir- 
ing zeal  and  energy  that  should  characterize  the  real 
pioneer  and  the  true  builder  of  free  institutions.  Will- 
iam C.  Pearson  was  born  November  25,  1829,  in  Chau- 
tauqua  county,  New  York,  the  son  of  Thomas  Pear- 
son, a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  the  United 
States  when  young  and  settled  in  New  York.  In 
1853  he  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  and  located 
in  Washington  county,  Oregon,  where  he  died  in 
1856.  The  mother  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  in  1809, 
and  died  in  Oregon  in  1863.  They  were  married  in 
1827  and  at  the  time  they  crossed  the  plains  had  six 
children:  Thomas  M.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
Henry,  John,  Frank  and  Jessie.  Our  subject  went  to 
California  in  1856,  but  returned  to  Oregon  the  fol- 
lowing year  and  finally  settled  in  The  Dalles,  where  he 
was  married  on  December  15,  1862,  to  Miss  Isabel 
Crooks.  She  was  born  June  n,  1848,  in  Boone 
county,  Iowa.  Her  father,  John  M.  Crooks,  owned 
the  land  where  the  city  of  Boonesborough,  Iowa,  now 
stands,'  and  was  a  prominent  man  in  that  section.  He 
crossed  the  plains  in  1852  with  an  ox  team,  bringing 
his  family  to  Polk  county,  Oregon.  Later  he  lived  at 
The  Dalles  and  in  1862  came  to  Camas  prairie,  being 
one  of  the  earliest  pioneers.  He  was  noted  as  being 
one  of  the  most  liberal  and  enterprising  citizens  of 
this  county,  his  death  occurring  in  1884.  Our  subject 


came  to   Camas  prairie  in    1863  to  engage  in  stock- 
raising,  and  brought  his   family  here  in    1866.     Mr. 
Pearson  and  his  father-in-law,  Mr.  Crooks,  were  the  • 
moving  spirits  in  laying  out  Grangeville  and  promot-  t 
ing  the  town,  in  building  up  the  county  and  in  general 
progress.    Mr.  Pearson  participated  in  the  Indian  war, 
doing  some  good  fighting.     He  held  various  county 
offices  and  was  chosen  by  the  people  to  represent  Idaho 
county  in  the  state  legislature  for  two  different  terms. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  was  an  : 
active  and  influential  Republican.     On  September  30, 
1892,  Mr.  Pearson  was  called  to  the  world  beyond  and 
it    was    a    time    of    mourning    throughout    the    entire 
county,  as  he  was  beloved  and  esteemed  by  all.     His.  I 
widow    survives   him   and   is   now    living   with   their  ; 
eldest  son,  Thomas  M.  Pearson,  who  is  a  prominent 
stockman  about  three  miles  north  of  Whitebird.    Nine 
children  were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pearson :  Thomas 
M.,  Mrs.  Addie  Bibby,  John  A.,  Frank  R.,  Mrs.  Kate 
Mullinix,  W.  Herbert,  Ray  I.,  Isabel  M.,  and  James  B. 


NORMAN  GOULD  lives  ten  miles  southeast  of 
Freedom,  is  a  stockraiser  and  orchardist  and  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  Idaho  county.  He  was  born  in  Erie 
county,  New  York,  in  1831,  the  son  of  Reul  and  Al- 
mira'(Peck)  Gould.  The  father  was  born  in  1808 
and  died  in  1854  as  the  result  of  an  accident  in'one  of 
his  sawmills.  His  father,  Isaac  Gould,  was  a  captain  in 
the  Revolution,  enlisting  at  sixteen,  and  was  at  the  sur- 
render of  General  Burgoyne.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Connecticut  and  died  before  he  can 
remember.  Norman  grew  up  in  New  York  and  re- 
ceived an  academic  education.  Then  he  came  west 
and  began  life  for  himself.  He  did  sawmilling  in  Ash- 
tabula  county,  Ohio,  then  went  to  Indiana,  and  in  1853  • 
crossed  the  plains  by  teams.  He  mined  in  Califor 
for  eight  years,  was  then  in  Nevada  and  in  1863  came 
to  Boise  basin.  Prospecting  and  mining  occupied  him 
there  for  some  time  and  in  1866  he  came  to  the  Sal- 
mon river  country.  He  has  been  on  the  Snake  river, 
in  the  Seven  Devils  district  and  in  various  other  m 
ing  sections.  In  1874  Mr.  Gould  took  the  first  ranch 
Rapid  river,  it  being  where  the  town  of  Pollock  now 
stands.  Later  he  rented  the  Salmon  ranch,  then  the 
Elfers  ranch  and  in  '76  he  operated  the  Elfers  mill. 
Being  at  this  place  during  the  Indian  outbreak  he  saved 
his  life,  as  all  of  the  men  on  the  ranch  were  killed.  The 
scenes  of  this  outbreak  are  related  in  another  chapter. 
Mr.  Gould  formed  one  of  the  party  which  fortified  and 
defended  Slate  creek  stockade  and  was  also  one  of  the 
party  which  buried  Henry  Elfers  and  his  murdered 
companions.  In  1878  the  settlers  on  the  Salmon  again 
occupied  a  fort  in  anticipation  of  an  attack  by  the  Ban- 
nocks. Since  that  time  Mr.  Gould  has  continued  to 
raise  stock,  farm,  raise  fruit  and  operate  a  sawmill. 
Recently  he  relinquished  the  latter  business. 

In  1883  at  Lewiston  Air.  Gould  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Ella,  daughter  of  John  and  Rebecca  (Holt) 
Phelon,  natives  of  "Kentucky.  The  father  was  of 
Scotch-English  descent,  born  in  England,  and  died  in 


NORMAN  GOULD. 


MRS.  NORMAN  GOULD. 


JAMES  J.  REMINGTON. 


THEODORE  E.  DAVIS. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


479 


1851.  Mrs.  Gould  was  born  in  Davis,  Kentucky,  June 
I,  1837.  She  has  one  brother,  James,  who  at  present 
resides  at  Atlanta,  Florida.  Mr.  Gould  has  one  brother, 
Isaac  Gould,  living  in  Chautauqua  county,  New  York. 
In  politics  Mr.  Gould  is  a  stanch  and  energetic  worker 
of  the  Republican  party  and  has  served  his  fellow  Re- 
publicans as  a  committeeman.  Secure  in  the  pos- 
session of  his  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres, 
one  hundred  of  which  is  fenced,  which  has  good  build- 
ings and  an  excellent  orchard,  Mr.  Gould  devotes  his 
principal  attention  to  raising  cattle,  hogs  and  fruit, 
,and  commands  the  respect  and  good  will  of  all  who 


JAMES   J.   REMINGTON,  who  resides   at   the 

Remington  ferry  on  the  Salmon,  one  and  a  half  miles 

south  of   Whitebird,  is    one   of   the   heaviest   taxpay- 

Sers  in  Idaho  county.     He  is  a  man  of  marked  ability 

1  family  which  has  been  noted  as  possessing  some  of 
ithe  most  talented  and  successful  inventors  of  the 
•United  States.  His  uncle,  Lafayette  Remington, 
I  patented  the  well  known  Best  traction  engine  and  an- 
I  other  member  of  the  family  invented  the  noted  Rem- 
I  ington  rifle.  The  father  of  our  subject,  Virgilous  D. 
I  Remington,  who  married  Clarinda  C.  Tyrrel,  a  native 
•of  Ohio,  was  also  a  native  of  Ohio  and  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  to  the  Willamette  valley.  He  came  to 

•  California  in  1853  and  while  passing  through  the  state 
lot"  Missouri,  our  subject  was  born  on  April  id,  1853. 
'•  in  Schuyler  county.     Settlement  was  made  near  Fol- 
I  som  in  the  Golden  state  and  they  remained  there  until 

•  the  railroad  came  in  1858,  when  they  removed  thence 
I  by  steamer  -to  Portland,  which  was  a  small  village  at 

•  that  time.     In  1860  they  removed  to  Marion  county, 
'<  remaining  until   1871.     The  father  was  a  noted  me- 
[••  chanic  and  manufactured  wagons,  plows  and  various 
I  machinery,  many  articles  of  which  are  still  in  evidence. 
iOur  subject  has  a   plow   with   which   he  plowed  his 

I  various  articles  of  furniture,  the  handiwork  of  his 
father  over  thirty  years  ago.  Among  other  things  he 
has  a  barrel  made' about  1872.  On  July  4,  1871,  the 
father  and  mother  with  their  family  of  six  children, 

'  DeWitt  C.,  our  subject,  Ellmore  S.,  Jerome  L.,  Mrs. 
Mary  Ranch,  landed  in  Cottonwood.  Later  they  re- 

1  moved  to  Oregon,  returned  to  Idaho,  and  then  the 
parents  went  to  Woodburn,  Oregon,  where  the  mother 

I  died  on  July  17,  1897,  in  her  seventy-fourth  year,  and 
the  father  passed  away  August  29,  1898,  in  his  seventy- 
second  year. 

On  October  n,  1880,  Mr.  Remington  married 
Mrs.  Cornelia  F.  (Castle)  Eccles,  who  had  three 
children  by  her  former  husband.  They  are  John  M., 

[  Loyal   M.  and  Celestia  May  Tourtellot.     Mrs.  Rem- 

i  ington  was  born  November  23,  1851,  in  Tazewell 
county,  Illinois,  and  was  the  daughter  of  Tames  H. 
and  Delilah  A.  (Kirbv)  Castle,  natives  of  Illinois. 
Mr.  Castle  enlisted  in  Company  K.  One  Hundred  and 
Eighth  Illinois  Infantry,  in  the  fall  of  1862  and  served 


until  his  death  on  January  i,  1864,  in  the  hospital  at 
St.  Louis.  Mrs.  Remington  came  west  with  her  moth- 
er and  four  brothers.  One  of  them,  Levi  Castle,  was 
a  captain  in  the  Philippine  war.  They  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  1870  and  to  Camas  prairie  in  1871.  The 
mother  now  lives  in  Los  Angeles,  California,  being 
in  her  seventy-seventh  year.  Our  subject  went  to 
Whitebird  creek  in  1886  and  took  up  stockraising 
and  saw-milling.  In  1894  he  sold  that  place 
and  moved  to  his  present  location.  In  ad- 
dition to  his  ferry  and  home  farm,  which 
is  embellished  with  excellent  improvements,  he 
has  a  quarter  section  south  of  the  Salmon  river,  four 
hundred  acres  near  Grangeville,  goodly  bands  of 
horses  and  cattle  and  a  very  large  holding  in  sheep. 
His  family  enjoys  one  of  the  finest  residences  in  Idaho 
county  and  Mr.  Remington  is  justly  classed  as  one  of 
the  most  prominent  and  progressive  men  of  northern 
Idaho.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of 
the  Woolgrowers'  Association.  Five  children  have 
been  born  to  this  household,  Elmer  I.,  James  E.,  de- 
ceased, Rufus  V.,  Bertha  A.,  deceased,  Bessie  A.  Like 
his  ancestors,  Mr.  Remington  is  possessed  of  remark- 
able mechanical  ability  and  ingenuity  and  is  able  to 
manufacture  any  article  of  wood  or  iron.  Mr.  Rem- 
ington was  here  during  the  Indian  troubles  and  was 
an  active  participant  in  the  warfare,  doing  guard 
duty,  and  much  work  in  scouting. 


THEODORE  E.  DAVIS  is  a  woolgrower  and  one 
of  the  leading  citizens  of  Whitebird.  He  was  born 
December  2,  1842,  in  Marion  county,  West  Virginia, 
being  the  son  of  Franklin  and  Jennie  E.  (Bowman) 
Davis,  natives  of  the  same  county,  where  also  they 
were  married.  The  mother  died  in  1854.  Our  subject, 
who  was  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  six  children,  en- 
listed in  the  Confederate  army,  Company  A,  Thirty- 
first  Virginia,  in  the  spring  of  1861.  He  fought  un- 
der General  Lee  and  participated  in  the  following  bat- 
tles, the  two  battles  of  Winchester,  Allegheny  mountain, 
Cross  Keys,  Port  Republic,  Cedar  Mountain,  Sharps- 
burg,  Gettysburg,  the  Wilderness,  Fredericksburg, 
Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  Lynchburg,  Fisher's 
Hill.  Five  Forks,  and  finally  at  Appomattox  Court- 
house he  was  one  of  eight  thousand  whom  General 
Lee  surrendered  to  the  government.  Mr.  Davis  par- 
ticipated in  many  skirmishes  besides  these  battles  and 
it  is  evident  that  he  had  both  courage  and  fighting 
ability.  He  was  wounded  in  the  Wilderness  and  at 
Port  Republic.  After  the  first  year  Mr.  Davis  was  a 
corporal  and  he  endured  in  hardships,  suffering  and 
deprivation  more  than  can  be  mentioned.  Following 
the  war  he  was  employed  in  various  places  until  1870 
and  then  came  to  Vernon  county,  Missouri.  Eight 
years  later  he  went  to  Colorado  and  did  blacksmithing. 
In  1881  he  came  thence  to  Almota,  Washington,  in  a 
wagon.  In  1886  he  went  to  the  mouth  of  Santa  creek 
on  the  St.  Marys,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers  and 
stockmen  there.  In  1898  he  came  to  Camas  prairie  and 
since  that  time  Idaho  county  has  claimed  him  as  one 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


of  her  citizens.  Mr.  Davis  handled  sheep  previously 
and  is  now  the  owner  of  over  3,000  of  these  valuable 
animals.  He  ranges  them  on  the  Salmon  in  the  win- 
ter and  in  the  mountains  during  the  summer. 

On  December  25,  1867,  Mr.  Davis  married  Miss 
Prescitta,  daughter  of  Jefferson  Broadwater,  a  pion- 
eer of  West  Virginia,  and  a  native  of  Maryland.  On 
April  26,  1893,  in  the  St.  Marys  country  Mrs.  Davis 
was  called  from  this  life  to  the  world  beyond.  She 
was  born  June  17,  1851,  at  Pennsborough,  West  Vir- 
ginia, and  was  one  of  a  family  of  fourteen  children. 
She  bore  to  Mr.  Davis  nine  children,  Walker  J.,  Mrs. 
Myrtle  Crow,  deceased,  Mrs.  Daisy  Renfro,  Norval 
L.  and  Creeda,  deceased,  Russell  B.,  Grover  Cochran, 
Essie  P.,  Gertie  W. 


CHARLES  W.  DUNHAM  was  born  November  9, 
1874,  in  Walla  Walla.  His  father,  Samuel  P.,  was 
born  in  Pike  county,  Missouri,  January  29,  1834.  In 
'53  he  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams,  leading  a  large 
train  to  the  Willamette  valley,  where  he  located  land. 
Two  years  later  he  sold  out  and  went  to  Mount  Shasta, 
California,  and  took  up  the  stock  business  with  his 
brother,  Amos.  In  1857  he  came  back  to  Oregon  and 
farmed.  He  was  married  at  Salem,  1861,  to  Elizabeth 
M.,  daughter  of  Reuben  and  Mary  Price.  Mrs.  Dun- 
ham was  born  in  Indianapolis,  on  November  15,  1842, 
and  crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents  in  1853.  Their 
train  suffered  hardships  from  the  Indians,  but  no  one 
was  killed.  Mr.  Dunham  remained  in  Oregon  until 
1873  and  then  came  to  Walla  Walla.  Four  children 
were  born  to  this  marriage,— Dollie,  deceased,  Arthur, 
our  subject,  and  Mrs.  Eva  Lenon,  all  three  living  at 
Whitebird.  In  1878  Mr.  Dunham  went  to  Genesee, 
Idaho,  and  in  1884  came  to  Camas  prairie,  and  in  1893 
he  settled  at  Whitebird,  where  he  now  resides.  It 
is  interesting  to  note  that  in  1862  Mr.  Dunham,  in  com- 
pany with  his  father-in-law,  brought  a  band  of  sheep 
into  this  country  and  passed  through  where  Whitebird 
now  stands.  Plenty  of  Indians  were  there  making 
ready  for  winter  and  the  luxuriant  bunchgrass  was 
waist  high.  They  took  the  sheep  on  to  Florence,  where 
they  were  butchered  and  sold  and  he  made  other  trips 
of  the  same  nature. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  various  places 
where  he  lived,  and  after  school  days  began  the  battle 
of  life  for  himself.  He  took  land  and  raised  cattle 
and  has  been  very  successful  in  his  endeavors  until  the 
present  time.  He  has  good  bands  of  stock,  a  good 
ranch  and  a  fine  residence  property  in  Whitebird.  Mr. 
Dunham  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  organizing  the  first 
Sunday  school  in  Whitebird,  in  May,  1896,  and  was  the 
second  superintendent.  In  January,  1897,  he  was  one 
of  a  committee  of  three  who  arranged  for  the  erection 
of  a  public  school  building  at  Whitebird.  On  October 
26,  1891,  Lodge  No.  72,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  was  organ- 
ized in  Whitebird,  and  Mr.  Dunham  was  initiated  into 
the  mysteries  of  that  order  on  that  night.  He  has 
passed  all  the  chairs  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  En- 
campment. When  the  Idaho  Stock  Association  was 


organized,  on  May  24,  1892,  Mr.  Dunham  became  sec- 
reatry  and  has  served  in  that  capacity  since.  He  also 
is  on  the  executive  board.  He  is  chairman  of  the 
Republican  club  and  has  been  a  delegate  to  the  various 
county  conventions.  Mr.  Dunham  enjoys  the  esteem 
and  good  will  of  all  who  know  him  and  is  a  man  of 
real  worth  and  integrity. 


JAMES  SURRIDGE  is  associated  with  his  broth- 
er, Thomas,  in  a  general  merchandising  establishment 
in  Bridgeport,  also  in  a  livery  business,  and  together 
they  own  the  townsite,  while  also  he  pays,  much  atten- 
tion to  a  large  stock  farm  of  one  section,  which  he  se- 
cured from  the  government,  and  which  he  is  handling 
in  a  skillful  manner  and  with  fine  returns. 

James  Surridge  was  born  in  London,  England,  on 
July  3,  1847,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Cor- 
coran) Surridge,  who  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
work.  About  1859  tne  family  came  to  Michigan, 
where  our  subject  was  reared  and  educated;  in  1874 
he  came  west,  and  two  years  later  he  landed  in  Idaho 
county,  at  Harpster.  In  1877  he  went  back  to  England 
and  the  following  year  came  again  to  this  section. 
In  July  of  that  year'he  took  part  in  the  Bannock  war, 
and  then  selected  his  land  which  he  took  from  the  wild 
and  now  owns.  Since  that  year  Mr.  Surridge  has  de- 
voted himself  to  stock  raising,  being  the  first  to  import 
thoroughbred  Clydesdale  horses  into  northern  Idaho. 
He  also 'brought  in  Durham  cattle  and  Berkshire  hogs. 
He  has  been  a  leader  in  these  important  lines  and  the 
country  has  derived  much  benefit  from  his  intelligent 
endeavors  here. 

On  January  15,  1900,  Mr.  Surridge  married  Char- 
lotte, daughter  of  Fred  C.  and  Louise  (Grondenberg) 
Smith.  The  father  was  born  in  Hanswerum,  Ost- 
friesland,  Germany,  on  June  17,  1829,  and  his  parents 
were  Conrad  and  "Margaret  (Van  Der  Velde)  Smith. 
They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1849  ar>d  settled  in 
Pekin,  Illinois.  He  started  a  blacksmith  and  wood  ] 
working  shop,  which  later  developed  into  the  mammoth 
plant  of  T.  H.  Smith  &  Co.,  wagon  works,  of  Pekin, 
with  a  capital  of  $200,000.00,  and  a  capacity  of  eight 
thousand  wagons  a  year.  They  employ  one  hundred 
and  fifty  men,  with  a  wage  scale  of  over  twenty-five 
thousand  dollars  per  year.  They  also  operate  a  bank 
and  a  plow  factory.  Frederick  H.  was  killed  in  a  rail-  j 
road  accident  on  December  4,  1890,  at  Jackson,  Illinois. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Surridge  was  born  in  Dusselldorf, 
Germany,  on  November  18,  1836,  and  is  now  living  in  ; 
Pekin.  Mrs.  Surridge  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters-  Frederic  F..  Conrad  F.,  Lincoln,  George, 
Louis,  Teis.  Margaret  Eberham,  Charles  W.,  all  in  j 
Pekin.  Mr.  Surridge  is  a  Democrat  and  his  wife  is  a 
Republican,  both  stanch  and  well  informed  upon  the 
questions  of  the  day.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.,  Mt.  Idaho  Lodge  No.  9.  Mr.  Surridge  is 
also  superintendent  of  the  Newsome  &  Leggett  Mining 
Company,  of  Newsome,  Idaho,  which  has  the  largest 
placer  mines  in  the  county  and  does  a  systematic  r 
ing  business. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


JOHN  OLSON  is  one  of  the  skillful  and  leading 
mining  men  of  the  northwest.  He  understands  min- 
ing from  the  time  of  prospecting  until  the  property  is 
a  shipper;  all  the  various  stages  of  development  are 
familiar  to  him,  and  he  has  been  and  is  in  practical 
touch  with  every  phase  of  the  industry.  He  has  large 
interests  in  some  valuable  copper  properties  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Salmon"  within  a  few  miles  of 
Whitebird.  These  properties  consist  of  two  groups, 
one  of  ten  claims  and  one  of  six  claims.  The  former 
has  a  ledge  of  sixteen  feet,  running  sixteen  dollars  per 
ton,  and  can  be  tapped  at  a  depth  of  one  thousand  feet ; 
the  other  group  lies  near  this  and  has  a  splendid  show- 
ing of  a  large  iron  dyke,  forty  feet  wide,  which  assays 
fourteen  dollars  in  copper  and  gold.  The  companies 
are  doing  large  development  work  on  these  properties, 
and  it  is  expected  that  in  a  short  time  they  will  both 
be  shippers.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Olson  is  heavily 
interested  in  the  Eureka  Mining,  Smelting  &  Power 
Company,  one  of  the  rich  and  heavy  companies  of  the 

properties  and  Mr.  Olson  is  the  expert  in  charge. 

John  Olson  was  born  on  November  22,  1859,  on  tne 
island  of  Bornholm,  Denmark.  His  father  is  a  wealthy 

ninth  year.  His  mother  died  in  1895.  Our  subject 
is  the  fourth  of  a  family  of  five  children.  His  oldest 
brother  is  in  Denmark,  one  brother  is  in  Clinton  county, 
Iowa,  another  is  in  Australia,  while  he  has  a  sister  in 
the  old  country.  Mr.  Olson  received  a  good  education 
in  the  agricultural  college  of  his  native  place,  then 
served  two  and  a  half  years  as  bugler  in  the  Royal 
Guards.  In  1887  he  landed  in  New  York,  went  thence 
to  Catawba  county,  North  Carolina,  and  from  there  to 
Clinton  county,  Iowa.  In  1889  he  was  in  Black  Hawk, 
Colorado,  mining.  Then  he  was  engaged  in  the 
smelter  in  Denver  and  also  in  the  refining  works.  After 
this  he  was  night  foreman  in  the  Buckeye  mine,  then 
went  to  Prescott.  Arizona,  in  the  same  capacity  in  the 
Diamond  Joe  mine.  Subsequent  to  this  he  was  timber- 
man  in  the  mines  in  Park  City,  Utah,  then  went  to 
Silver  City,  New  Mexico.  After  this  he  worked 
at  Jerome,  Arizona,  in  the  Uni  Verdi  copper  mines. 
At  this  time  he  made  a  visit  east,  and  in  1901  came  to 
Lewiston  and  took  the  position  which  he  now  occupies. 
Mr.  Olson  became  a  member  of  Scandia  Lodge,  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  in  Black  Hawk,  Colorado,  and  is  still  in  good 
standing  in  this  lodge.  He  is  more  or  less  intimately 
acquainted  with  all  the  mining  camps  in  the  west  and 
is  a  man  of  great  experience  and  skill. 


PAUL  F.  CORBETT  is  a  prosperous  merchant 
and  capable  business  man  at  Kamiah,  where  he  handles 
in  addition  to  his  mercantile  business  a  grist  mill,  saw 
mill  and  ferry. 

Paul  F.  Corbett  was  born  in  Kamiah  in  June,  1877, 
the  son  of  Felix  and  Deborah  Corbett.  The  father 
was  born  at  Kamiah  in  1838.  His  father,  the  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  was  a  Canadian,  and  came  into 
this  country  shortly  after  the  Lewis  and  Clark  expedi- 


tion. He  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Com- 
pany as  a  hunter  and  trapper,  and  married  a  Nez 
Perces  woman,  who  died  in  1899,  aged  one  hundred 
years.  Our  subject  was  raised  at  Kamiah  and  in  1891 
went  to  Carlisle  and  received  a  good  educational  train- 
ing. He  also  learned  the  blacksmith  trade  and  re- 
turned to  Kamiah  in  1896.  Two  years  previous  to  this 
time  he  had  purchased,  with  his  father,  the  government 
ferry  which  they  are  still  operating.  They  also  bought 
the  saw  and  grist  mill  of  the  government,  and  he  and 
his  father  operate  them  now.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr. 
Corbett  and  his  father  own  one-half  of  the  telephone 
line  to  Stuart.  Mr.  Corbett  also  owns  twenty  acres  of 
land  at  Kamiah,  where  he  has  a  beautiful  residence. 
He  is  the  possessor  of  two  allotments  in  addition  to 
the  property  mentioned,  one  at  Genesee  and  one  at 
Lapwai.  Mr.  Corbett  has  two  sisters, — Hattie  Amara 
and  Priscilla  Frank,— both  at  Kamiah. 

On  September  25,  1897,  Mr.  Corbett  married  Miss 
Lydia  A.,  daughter  of  Philip  and  Suzan  Smith.  Mr. 
Smith  was  born  in  Iowa,  came  to  California  in  1849, 
mined  at  Florence  and  other  Idaho  camps  and  was  a 
well  known  pioneer.  Mrs.  Corbett  was  born  in  Lapwai 
on  February  17,  1878.  She  was  educated  at  the  Des- 
met  school  by  the  sisters  and  then  took  a  course  in 
Carlisle.  She  has  one  brother,  William,  at  Lapwai. 
They  have  the  following  children:  Frank  F.,  born 
December  7,  1898;  Josephine  M.,  born  May  10,  1901 ; 
Lillian,  born  January  28,  1903. 

Felix  Corbett,  the  father  of  our  subject,  says  that 
his  mother,  who  was  over  one  hundred  years  old  when 
she  died,  told  of  a  Nez  Perces  woman,  named  Wat- 
Hoo-Wis,  who  went  to  the  coast  to  see  the  whites  and 
learn  their  ways.  When  she  returned  the  tribe  named 
her  as  above,  the  signification  of  the  name  being  "Who 
returned."  This  woman  was  with  the  greater  part 
of  the  Nez  Perces  tribe  on  the  little  Camas  prairie  on 
the  Lolo  trail,  gathering  camas,  when  the  Lewis  and 
Clark  expedition  came  along.  The  men  had  beards, 
and  the  Indians  were  about  to  kill  them,  as  they 
deemed  them  evil  spirits.  Wat-Hoo-Wis  told  them 
what  good  things  the  whites  had,  as  tea,  sugar  and 
other  edibles,  and  they  at  once  became  friendly.  The 
Indians  conducted  the  expedition  down  the  north 
branch  of  the  Clearwater  to  the  main  stream,  and  there 
Mr.  Clark  cached  a  large  amount  of  provisions,  and 
when  he  returned  a  year  later  all  was  in  good  shape. 


SAMUEL  R.  LIBBEY.  The  important  position 
of  postmaster  at  Cottonwood  is  held  by  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  who  also  operates  a  jewelry  store,  being  a 
skilled  jeweler. 

Samuel  R.  Libbey  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Ohio,  on  August  7,  1858,  being  the  son  of  James  M. 
and  Susan  (Goddard)  Libbey.  The  father  was  born 
in  New  York  in  1812.  The  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject built  and  operated  the  first  grist  mill  in  Ohio,  the 
same  being  on  the  Muskingum  river,  in  Washington 
county.  The  property  is  still  in  the  family  and  has 
since  been  supplied  with  modern  process  and  is  oper- 


482 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  o 


subjec 


ated  by  an  uncle.     A  great-uncl 

tbe  noted  L.ibbey  prison,  which  was  taken  from  him 
by  the  south  and  operated  by  them,  contrary  to  the  will 
of  the  owner.  The  father  of  our  subject  volunteered 
to  fight  for  the  Union,  but  was  rejected  on  account  of 
disability.  He  was  present  at  the  capture  of  Morgan, 
the  raider.  The  mother  of  our  subject,  who  died  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1901,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1818,  of 
German  ancestry  :  her  parents  settled  in  Ohio  in  a  very 
early  day.  Our  subject  was  but  seven  when  his  par- 
ents came  to  Laclede,  Missouri.  Later  they  went  to 
St.  Catherine,  where  the  father  died.  The  widow 
vent  with  her  children  to  Bethel,  Illinois.  Samuel 
labored  there  and  also  studied,  did  carpentering  and 
then  fired  on  the  C.  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Later  he  went  to 
Keokuk  and  took  up  the  jewelry  business.  In  1883 
•we  see  him  in  Ellsworth,  Kansas,  where  he  continued 
his  trade,  operated  a  grocery  store  and  owned  a  rock 
quarry.  In  1885  Mr.  "Libbey  went  to  Lincoln  Center, 
remaining  seven  years.  Then  he  bought  a  jewelry 
store  in  Plainville,  Kansas,  and  in  1895  ne  went  to 
Marquette.  There  he  worked  in  a  drug  store,  all  the 
time  handling  his  trade,  the  last  two  years  did  also  a 
dry  goods  business,  and  in  April,  1898,  he  landed  in 
Lewiston.  On  June  10,  1898,  he  located  in  Cotton- 
wood  and  acted  as  salesman  for  S.  Goldstone,  the  well 
known  merchant,  and  later  opened  his  present  business. 
In  1900  Mr.  Libbey  was  appointed  postmaster,  and 
since  then  he  has  continued  in  the  office  with  general 
satisfaction  to  all. 

In  1876,  at  Ft.  Madison,  Iowa,  Mr.  Libbey  married 
Miss  Susan,  daughter  of  Simon  and  Caroline  (Weiser) 
Broker,  natives  of  Germany.  Mrs.  Libbey  was  born  in 
Scott  county.  Illinois,  in  1859,  and  has  four  brothers 
and  three  sisters.  Mr.  Libbey  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  William  S.,  James  B.,  Henry 
H..  Ella  White,  Sarah  S.  Thompson,  Ethel  L.  Six 
children  have  been  born  to  this  couple,—  Rosa  V.,  Net- 
tie.M.,  deceased,  Nellie  G..  Harry  W.,  Benoni  A.,  Marie 
E.  Mr.  Libbev  is  a  member  of  "the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the 
A.  O.  LJ.  W.  He  is  a  Republican  and  active  and  influ- 
ential in  the  campaigns,  while  in  school  matters  he  is 
an  advocate  of  the  best  advantages  possible  and  is  a 
member  of  the  school  board.  Mr.  Libbey  is  a  pro- 
gressive and  enterprising  man  and  stands  well  in  the 
community. 


SWEN  J.  PETERSON  is  proprietor  of  the  Cot- 
tonwood brewery  and  also  conducts  a  saloon.  He 
was  born  in  Sweden,  in  July,  1856  ,  being  the  son  of 
Peter  and  Hannah  (Swenson)  Peterson,  natives  of 
Sweden  and  born  in  1824  and  1827,  respectively,  and 
now  live  in  the  native  place.  The  father  is  a  prominent 
man  and  has  been  sheriff  of  his  division.  Our  sub- 
ject grew  to  manhood,  was  educated  and  learned  the 
miller's  trade  in  his  native  land.  When  twenty-four  he 
decided  to  try  the  new  world,  and  soon  was  in  Chicago. 
He  took  work  on  a  farm  in  DeKalb  county  and  then 
went  to  the  iron  districts  of  Michigan,  where  he  was 
fireman  for  six  months,  after  which  he  returned  to 
Chicago  and  came  direct  to  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1883. 


He  soon  came  thence  to  Lewiston,  and  then  to  Camas 
prairie  and  took  land  south  of  Cottonwood.  He  con- 
tinued handling  this  property  until  1896,  when  he  trad- 
ed it  for  the  property  mentioned  above,  and  which  he 
is  handling  at  the  present  time.  Mr.  Peterson  is  a 
good  business  man  and  is  one  of  the  influential  men  of 
the  town. 

In  June,  1901,  Mr.  Peterson  married  Miss  Ella 
Carlson,  a  native  of  Sweden,  where  her  parents  dwell 
now.  One  child  has  been  born  to  this  union,  Anna. 
Mr.  Peterson  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Sophia,  Anna,  Malina  Gustaf.  Politically  our  sub- 
ject is  a  Republican  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
interesting  campaign  work.  He  was  sent  to  the  state 
convention  in  the  fall  of  1902,  for  his  county.  He 
is  an  ardent  advocate  of  the  best  educational  facilities 
and  has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council. 


JOSEPH  M.  ELLER,  better  known  as  Frank,  is 
a  man  of  energy,  enterprise  and  sagacity  in  the  affairs 
of  life,  while  uprightness  and  integrity  have  given  him 
a  good  standing  among  his  fellows,  and  industry  and 
business  push  have  gathered  for  him  a  good  holding  of 
worldly  goods.  He  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of 
Idaho  county,  and  it  is  fitting  to  grant  to  him  a  repre- 
sentation in  the  history  of  northern  Idaho.  At  the 
present  time  Mr.  Filer  is  handling  the  Cottonwood 
livery  stables  in  that  town,  and  is  doing  a  good  busi- 

Joseph  M.  Eller  was  born  in  Buncombe  county, 
North  Carolina,  on  March  n,  1835,  being  the  son  of 
Joseph  and  Sarah  (Kirkland)  Eller,  natives  of  North 
Carolina,  and  now  deceased.  The  father  came  of  Ger- 
man and  the  mother  of  English  extraction.  The 
former  was  born  in  Buncombe  county  and  was  never 
out  of  it  but  twice  in  his  life.  He  die'd  in  1862.  Our 
subject  left  home  at  the  early  age  of  eleven  and  went 
to  Georgia  and  clerked  in  a  grocery  store  for  three 
years.  He  then  went  home,  and  a  few  months  later 
went  to  Tennessee  and  then  to  Missouri,  Chariton 
county.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  joined  Price's 
army 'and  fought  under  him  for  several  years,  or  until 
the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge.  He  was  then  'under  Cooper 
and  belonged  to  the  cavalry.  Mr.  Eller  was  wounded 
in  the  thigh,  the  side,  the  head  and  in  one  foot.  He 
was  captured  several  times  and  escaped  every  time  but 
one.  He  participated  in  many  battles,  among  some 
of  which  were  Sedalia,  Shelby,  Lone  Jack  and  skir- 
mishes. Following  the  war  he  returned  to  Chariton, 
and  in  1866  Mr.  Filer  married  Miss  Susan,  daughter  of 
Tames  and  Tabitha  (Ashby)  Mcperran.  Her  mother's 
brother  was  Major  Ashby  and  well  known.  Mr.  Mc- 

Missouri.  The  parents  are  deceased.  Mrs.  Eller  was 
bom  in  Chariton  county,  Missouri,  in  Tune,  1851.  Mr. 
Filer  is  the  last  of  fourteen  children,  being  also  the 
youngest,  the  others  all  being  dead.  After  the  mar- 
riage they  lived  in  Missouri  until  1875,  then  removed 
to  Arkansas,  remaining  there  seven  years,  after  which 
he  came  west  to  Idaho  county  and  took  land.  This 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  the  family  home  until  1900,  when  Mr.  Eller  took 
the  stage  contract  from  Kamiah  to  Cottonwood 
and  later  took  charge  of  the  livery  barn  where 
we  now  find  him.  He  sold  his  ranch  and  stock  for 
about  four  thousand  dollars  and  is  devoting  himself  to 
his  business  with  good  results,  having  a  good  patron- 
Mr.  Eller  is  a  Democrat  of  the  Jeffersonian  type, 
well  established  in  his  belief  and  is  an  influential  man 
in  the  party.  Mrs.  Eller  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church.  They  have  nine  children,— Allie,  James  N., 
William  H.,  Joseph  and  Mattie,  twins,  Henry  H., 
Charles  W.,  Fannie  V.,  Thomas  Jefferson. 


JAMES  H.  ARAM,  who  lives  about  one  mile  south 
from  Grangeville,  is  one  of  the  substantial  stockmen 
and  farmers  of  the  Idaho  county,  and  is  really  a  prod- 
uct of  this  county,  having  spent  nearly  all  his  life  here. 
He  was  born  in  Portland.  Oregon,  on  July  7,  1863,  the 
son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Boar)  Aram.  The  father  was 
born  in  New  York  in  1825,  and  died  in  October,  1901. 
He  crossed  the  plains  to  California  in  1854,  settled  in 
Portland  later,  and  in  1864  moved  to  Idaho  county. 
He  was  a  progressive  and  active  man  of  excellent  stand- 
ing. The  mother  was  born  in  Genesee  county,  New 
York,  in  1832.  She  had  two  brothers  in  the  Civil 
war  and  her  parents  were  pioneers  of  Ohio.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  and  educated  in  this  county,  and  his 
life  was  largely  spent  in  the  saddle  in  the  stock  busi- 
ness. He  was  in  partnership  with  his  father  for  many 
years.  He  has  three  sisters,— Mrs.  Henry  Johnson, 
Mrs.  Delia  Auchimballe  and  Mrs.  Clara  Fitzgerald. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  \V.  of  W.  and  an  active  Republi- 
can. Mr.  Aram  owns  six  hundred  acres  of  land  and 
handles  stock  and  does  general  farming. 

Mr.  Aram  was  fourteen  at  the  time  of  the  Indian 
war  and  remembers  the  time  distinctly.  They  were 
notified  about  four-thirty  on  the  thirteenth,  and  went 
at  once  to  Mt.  Idaho.  The  Indians  had  been  growing 
independent  and  saucy  for  a  long  time,  and  their  acts 
were  watched  with  apprehension.  Mrs.  Overman  was 
at  the  home  of  Mr.  Aram  at  the  time  of  the  notification 
and  accompanied  them  to  Mt.  Idaho.  The  people  were 
killed  on  the  prairie  on  the  night  of  the  thirteenth,  and 
our  subject  remembers  distinctly  of  their  being  brought 
in  on  the  morning  of  the  fourteenth.  Day  had  gone 
before  they  arrived  in  Mt.  Idaho.  The  next  morning 
-after  their  arrival  in  Mt.  Idaho  our  subject  saw  West 
and  the  Indiar,  Foo-Culla-Ka,  start.  Mr.  Aram  is 
one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county,  has  manifested 
commendable  skill  in  his  labors  and  uprightness  in  his 
walk.  He  has  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who 
know  him. 


GEORGE  V.  HAWLEY  resides  about  one  mile 
north  of  Whitebird,  on  a  good  farm  which  he  took  as 
a  homestead  in  1892,  and  where  he  has  'bestowed  his 
labors  with  gratifying  results  since  that  time.  His 
place  has  a  good  dwelling,  large  barn,  plenty  of  out- 


buildings, shop,  orchards  and  necessary  fencing,  and 
is  one  of  the  valuable  estates  of  this  section.  In  addi- 
tion to  handling  this  he  devotes  considerable  attention 
to  raising  stock  and  owns  a  band  of  cattle.  George 
Y.  Hawley  was  born  on  Tune  15,  1863,  at  Buffalo,  New 
York,  the  son  of  William  and  Harriette  A.  Hawley. 
William  Hawley  came  to  Carbon  count}-,  Wyoming, 
in  a  very  early  day  and  was  sheriff  of  that  county  for 
two  terms.  In  1883  he  came  to  Lewiston  and  engaged 
in  stock  raising.  Two  years  later  we  see  him  in 
Grangeville.  and  in  1888  he  bought  the  Jersey  house, 
operating  the  same  for  four  years.  Then  he  'sold  the 
hotel  and  came  to  Whitebird,  where  he  took  up  stock 
raising,  in  which  he  continued  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  in  1900.  He  had  a  quarter  section  adjoining 
our  subject's  ranch,  and  a  large  band  of  stock.  The 
mother  is  living  in  Grangeville,  and  is  in  her  sixty- 
sixth  year.  When  our  subject  first  came  to  this  coun- 
try he  started  for  himself,  and  was  variously  employed 
until  he  took  his  homestead,  as  mentioned  above.  Mr. 
Hawley  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  his  father 
belonged  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

In  1899  Mr.  Hawley  married  Miss  Cleoria  Bead- 
ford.  Her  parents  came  from  South  Dakota  in  1898; 
her  mother  is  dead,  but  Mr.  Beadford  is  living  in 
Grangeville.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hawley  have  been  born 
two  children.— Alice  Irene  and  George  M.  Mr.  Haw- 
ley has  one  brother  living  in  Grangeville,— Rufus  W. 
Hawley.  His  father  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-second 
Illinois  Cavalry  and  served  through  the  war,  under 
General  McClelland. 


NILS  PERSON,  who  now  owns  a  farm  about  two 
miles  north  from  Lowe,  has  demonstrated  himself  to 
be  a  man  of  enterprise  and  industry,  while  he  has  had 
broad  experience  in  traveling  over  this  country  and 
handling  various  enterprises.  He  was  born  in  Swed- 
en, on  March  15,  1864,  the  son  of  Per  Monsson  and 
Anna  Pearson,  both  natives  of  Sweden.  Our  subject 
has  two  brothers,  Per  and  Magnus,  and  two  sisters, 
Elis  and  Yohanna.  Nils  attended  school  from  seven 
to  fourteen  and  obtained  good  training,  and  then  start- 
ed in  to  do  battle  with  the  world  on  his  own  account. 
He  worked  on  the  farm,  then  served  in  the  artillery 
for  three  years.  In  1880,  determining  to  try  his  for- 
tunes in  the  United  States,  he  was  "soon  in  Boston. 
There  he  sawed  wood  all  winter,  then  went  to  New 
Hampshire,  two  months  later  to  Illinois  and  after  a 
short  service  in  the  Pullman  shops  came  on  to  -Min- 
nesota and  a  little. later  pushed  ahead  to  the  little  Mis- 
souri, in  Dakota.  From  here  he  went  back  to  Chicago, 
worked  in  a  lumber  yard  and  then  migrated  to  Hebron, 
Indiana.  Next  we  see  him  in  St." Paul,  Nebraska, 
then  came  a  journey  to  Colorado,  and  two  years  later 
lie  was  in  the  Sunset  state  farming.  After  returning 
to  Colorado  he  soon  went  on  to  New  York,  then  cross- 
ing the  ocean  to  Sweden,  he  visited  old  friends  and 
sought  again  the  scenes  of  his  youth.  .V  year  later 
we  see  him  embarking  again  for  the  new  world  and 
his  first  stop  was  in  Nebraska.  He  scon  came  on  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Wyoming,  and  eight  months  later  we  find  him  in  Mon- 
tana for  two  years  railroading.      He  soon  made  his 
way  from  there,  at  the  end  of  his  labors,  to  Idah 
county,  and  on  March  10,  1898,  Mr.  Person  anchored 
himself  to  a  homestead,  where  we  find  him  at  the  pn 
ent  time.      On  May   13,  1901,  he  bought  forty  aci 
more,   which  gives 'him   a  fine   estate.      Mr.   Pers 
has  devoted  himself  to  building  up  his  place  and  im- 
proving it  in  good  shape.     He  has  done  well  and  will 
soon  have  a  large  and  valuable  farm  all  under  cultiva- 
tion.    He  now  has  buildings,  orchard,  some  stock  and 
other  improvements,  and  is  one  of  the  reliable  men  of 


HENRY  A.  GREVING  is  a  leading  merchant  of 
Idaho  county,  a  heavy  property  owner  in  different  lines 
and  a  prominent  citizen  of  Stites,  where  he  is  doing 
business.  He  was  born  in  Minister,  Westphalia,  Ger- 
many, on  May  10,  1851,  the  son  of  Henry  J.  and  Ger- 
trude (Freckman)  Greving,  born  in  Grevenbeck  on 
October  28,  1818,  and  at  Holthausen  on  May  17,  1823, 
respectively.  The  father  was  a  prominent  citizen  and 
a  leader  among  his  fellows.  His  death  occurred  at 
Beerlage  on  June  16,  1900.  The  mother  died  on  June 
24,  1901.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  in  his  native 
place  and  well  educated  in  the  high  school.  After  this 
he  learned  the  cabinet  maker's  trade  and  then  wrought 
at  this  trade  and  on  his  father's  farm  until  he  came 
to  the  United  States.  He  was  twenty-nine  when  he 
landed  at  Dyer,  Indiana,  where  his  uncle,  Bernard 
Greving,  lived.  Eight  months  later  he  went  to  Marys- 
ville,  Kansas,  then  to  Melrose,  Minnesota,  after  which 
he  visited  various  places  and  finally  settled  at  Hanover, 
Washington  county,  Kansas.  He  bought  land,  rented 
it,  wrought  at  his  trade,  went  to  Germany,  got  married, 
then  came  to  his  land  and  for  ten  years  was  engaged 
in  tilling  it.  In  February,  1892,  he  rented  his  land  and 
came  to  Spokane,  then  went  to  Moscow,  where  he 
bought  a  team  and  came  to  Idaho  and  took  a  homestead 
at  Keuterville.  after  which  he  built  the  second  store 
in  Keuterville,  and  engaged  in  general  merchandising. 
On  July  I,  1901,  he  removed  to  Stites  and  opened  the 
largest  general  merchandise  store  there.  He  carries 
a  stock  of  twenty-two  thousand  dollars  worth  of  well 
assorted  goods.  His  place  is  headquarters  for  the 
miners  to  outfit  who  are  en  route  to  Thunder  mountain. 
Mr.  Greving  does  a  fine  business,  and  in  addition  to 
this  owns  his  farms.  He  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters :  Antonia,  Barney,  Max,  August,  Johanna 
Frieling  and  Anna. 

On  March  15,  1883,  at  Boghorst,  Germany,  Mr. 
Greving  married  Miss  Pauline,  daughter  of  Joseph  G. 
and  Anna  M.  (Spiekermann)  Osterholt,  born  on  Oc- 
tober 11,  1814,  and  in  1818,  respectively.  The  father 
died  on  December  19,  1887,  and  the  mother  died  in 
August,  1891-  Mrs.  Greving  has  the  following  broth- 
ers and  sisters :  Frank,  died  from  wounds  receiyed  in 
the  Franco- Prussian  war;  Anna  Broeker ;  Hobart; 
Bertha,  deceased;  Louis;  and  Barney.  Seven  chil- 
dren are  the  fruit  of  this  union, — Lillian,  born  June  7, 
1886;  Paul,  born  February  26,  1888;  Johanna,  born 


February  26,  1890;  Leo,  born  October  18,  1891 ;  Louis, 
born  July  18.  1893 ;  Amalia,  born  July  7,  1895 ;  Clara, 
born  October  5,  1896.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Greving  are 
members  of  the  Catholic  church  and  are  of  excellent 
standing  in  the  community.  Mr.  Greving  is  to  be 
congratulated  on  the  abundant  success  which  his  sa- 
gacity and  enterprise  have  wrought  out  in  the  business 
world. 


GEORGE  W.  MOUGHMER.  Six  miles  south 
of  Keuterville  is  the  estate  of  our  subject,  and  by  his 
thrift,  industry  and  sagacity  in  managing  his  affairs 
he  has  made  it  a  valuable  farm  and  one  of  the  pro- 
ductive places  in  the  community. 

George  W.  Moughmer  was  born  in  Bedford  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  February  26,  1856,  being  the  son  of 
David  and  Sarah  (Hamilton)  Moughmer,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania.  The  father  was  born  in  Blair  county, 
in  1825,  and  died  in  1890.  He  was  a  blacksmith. 
Our  subject's  grandfather  was  born  in  Germany,  and 
his  great-grandfather  was  also  a  native  of  Germany 
and  fought  for  the  American  independence  in  the  Revo- 
lution. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  about  the 
same  time  as  her  husband,  and  died  in  1867.  Her  par- 
ents were  also  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  their  an- 
cestors came  from  Ireland.  Our  subject  was  thirteen 
when  the  father  removed  from  the  native  place  to 
Trempealeau,  where  he  continued  the  trade  of  black- 
smith, taking  also  a  farm.  George  W.  was  well  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  the  day,  grew  to  manhood  there 
and  assisted  in  the  care  of  his  father's  farm.  When 
twenty-one  he  went  to  farming  for  himself  and  con- 
tinued uninterruptedly  in  this  occupation  until  1897, 
when  he  came  to  Idaho  county,  whither  some  of  the 
family  had  preceded  him.  He  selected  his  present 
place  and  settled  to  the  basic  art  of  agriculture  and 
since  that  time  has  been  'one  of  the  substantial  men 
and  progressive  citizens  of  the  county.  Mr.  Mough- 
mer has  never  left  the  charms  of  the  bachelors'  life. 
He  has  four  brothers  and  one  sister,— Thomas,  Louise 
Bixel,  William,  Jacob,  David  E.  Politically  Mr. 
Moughmer  is  allied  with  the  Republican  party  and 
takes  a  keen  interest  in  the  campaigns  and  the  questions 
of  the  day. 


FOSTER  -RICHARDSON  is  a  man  of  sterling 
worth  and  first  class  capabilities,  as  is  evidenced  by 
his  career,  an  epitome  of  which  we  are  pleased  to  ap- 
pend herewith.  The  date  of  his  birth  was  December 
4,  1844,  and  Mercer  county,  Ohio,  his  native  place. 
His  parents,  Erie  and  Eva  (Grant)  Richardson,  were 
also  born  in  the  same  county.  He  went  with  them  to 
Clinton,  Missouri,  when  a  child,  and  soon  thereafter 
rent  to  Fulton,  Arkansas.  In  1864  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Salt  Lake  City  and  the  next  spring  returned 
to  Lee  county,  Iowa,  whither  his  parents  had  removed. 
In  1869  he  crossed  the  plains  again,  to  Red  Bluff,  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  did  timber  work  and  mining.  He 
isited  several  of  the  mining  sections  of  that  state  and 
•as  also  engaged  much  in  hunting.  Mr.  Richardson 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


485 


has  accomplished  the  difficult  feat  of  starting  three  deei 
at  once  and  killing  them  all.  He  is  almost  a  sure  shot, 
being  able  to  kill  birds  on  the  wing  with  his  rifle.  In 
1875  we  find  him  in  Hope  county,  Nebraska,  and  the 
following  year  he  was  in  the  Black  Hills.  He  soon 
returned  to  Nebraska  and  remained  there  until  1885. 
In  that  year  he  again  visited  the  Black  Hills,  where  he 
took  up  dairying  until  1889.  Next  we  see  him  at  Old 
Mission,  Idaho,  and  in  1890  he  took  up  a  homestead 
two  and  a  half  miles  from  Whitebird.  General  fa 
ing,  mining  and  stock  raising  have  occupied  him  since 
that  time.  In  1902  Mr.  Richardson  purchased  hi: 
present  place  of  one  hundred  acres  adjoining  White- 
bird.  The  farm  is  splendidly  improved  with  building! 
and  orchards,  and  is  especially  adapted  to  fruit  and 
vegetables,  being  a  very  valuable  place. 

On  October  15,  1876,  Mr.  Richardson  married 
Miss  Trinville  M.,  daughter  of  Captain  Preston  Berry, 
who  served  as  captain  in  both  the  Mexican  and  Civil 
wars.  The  marriage  occurred  in  Hope  county,  Ne- 
braska, and  eight  children  are  the  fruit  of  the  union, 
named  as  follows :  Harry,  Mrs.  Bertha  Lyons,  Edith, 
Iva,  Ethel,  Lenly.  Edward  and  Hazel.  Mr.  Richard- 
son is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  religious  and  educational 
matters  and  is  a  leading  and  prominent  man  of  his 
community.  Mr.  Richardson  is  heavily  interested  in 
mining,  both  quartz  and  placer,  and  has  recently  sold 
some  properties  but  still  owns  some  very  good  mines. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  by  way  of  reminiscence  that 
in  the  fall  of  1901  Mr.  Richardson  had  a  hand  to  hand 
conflict  with  a  wounded  bear  and  barely  escaped  with 
his  life. 


DAVID  YATES  is  an  enterprising  and  stirring 
business  man  of  Denver,  being  now  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising.  He  was  born  in  Roanoke  coun- 
ty, Virginia,  on  August  23,  1868,  the  son  of  William 
and  Eliza  (Shafer)  Yates,  natives  also  of  Roanoke 
county,  and  born  in  1842  and  1844,  respectively.  The 
father  was  an  early  pioneer  in  Clinton  county,  Mis- 
souri, and  died  in  April,  1879,  in  Ray  county,  that 
state.  The  mother  now  lives  in  Benton  county,  Arkan- 
sas. As  the  father  died  when  David  was  young,  he 
had  little  opportunity  to  gain  an  education,  but  soon 
learned  the  hardships  of  work  and  made  the  most  of 
his  scanty  privileges.  In  1886  he  left  Missouri  and 
came  through  Lewiston  to  Mt.  Idaho,  where  lie  worked 
for  Ben  Morris,  and  in  1890  he  took  a  homtstead  which 
later  he  sold.  He  gave  his  attention  to  raising  and 
handling  stock  and  now  has  about  seventy-five  head  ol 
cattle  and  some  horses,  owning  excellent  trotting  stock, 
has  land  in  Vineland  and  other  property  besides.  Mr. 
Yates  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters-  Lewis 
Charles,  Susan,  Catherine,  Edward  William  Josie  K 
Wood  and  Alice. 

On  December  7,  1890,  Mr.  Yates  married  Miss 
Belle,  daughter  of  James  H.  and  Jane  (Hagan)  Tip- 
ton,  born  in  Ohio  on  March  i,  1844,  and  in  Missouri, 
in  1848,  respectively.  Mr.  Tipton  came  to  Camas 
prairie  in  1883  and  now  dwells  at  Vineland.  Mr3. 


fates  was  born  on  June  12,  1872,  in  Douglas  county, 
Oregon,  and  died  on  April  12,  1902,  at  Rockyford, 
Colorado.  She  had  one  sister,  Lizzie  Chase,  now 
deceased.  Two  children  were  born  to  this  union,— 
Herman  B.,  born  September  10,  1891 ;  William,  born 
January  31,  1897. 

Mr.  Yates  is  an  active  Democrat  and  is  affiliated 
with  fraternal  orders  as  follows :  I.  O.  O.  F.,  M.  W. 
A.  and  W.  of  W.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church  and  a  good  supporter  of  the  faith. 


PATRICK  E.  HAYDIN  lives  four  miles  north 
from  Denver,  where  he  has  a  generous  estate  of  one- 
half  section  and  rents  five  hundred  acres  of  land  from 
the  Indians.  He  is  a  thrifty  and  progressive  agri- 
culturist and  stockman  and  is  one  of  the  leading  citi- 
zens and  substantial  men  of  the  section.  He  was  born 
in  Waterford  county,  Ireland,  whence  come  so  many 
of  our  stirring  and  good  citizens.  The  date  of  his 
advent  into  life  was  March  n,  1850.  The 
father,  John  Haydin,  was  born  in  the  same 
county  in  1825.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1852 
and  settled  in' Iowa,  where  four  years  were  spent.  In 
1856  he  removed  his  family  to  Rice  county,  Minne- 
sota, where  he  remained  until  1878.  Then  he  went  to 
Bigstone  county,  the  same  state,  and  there  on  Septem- 
ber 22,  1901,  he  passed  from  the  scenes  of  earth.  Our 
subject  was  brought  up  in  Minnesota  and  there  edu- 
cated. He  remained  with  his  parents  until  of  age  and 
then  he  went  to  Minneapolis  and  opened  a  boot  and 
shoe  store.  In  1878  he  sold  out  and  went  to  Bigstone 
county  and  there  farmed  eight  hundred  acres  until 
1893.  In  that  year  he  went  to  the  vicinity  of  Edmund, 
Alberta  county,  where  he  farmed  and  raised  stock.  He 
also  bought  stock  for  the  Kootenai  Meat  Company  on 
commission.  It  was  1898  when  Mr.  Haydin  retired 
fiom  this  business  and  came  to  Spokane.  December 
1 5th  marks  the  date  of  arrival  there,  and  he  left  the 
family  there  until  he  selected  a  place.  After  due  in- 
vestigation, he  located  on  his  present  place  and  at  once 
opened  in  the  agricultural  and  stock  line,  in  which  he 
has  been  engaged  since  that  time.  Mr.  Haydin  has  the 
following  brother  and  sisters,  Thomas,  Ellen,  Mul- 
icy,  Margaret,  Mary. 

On  September  n,  1874,  Mr.  Haydin  married  Miss 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Catherine  (Grady) 
O'Laughiin,  natives  of  county  Clare,  Ireland.  The  fa- 
ther was  born  in  1813  and  the  mother  in  1821.  The 
father  came  to  Maine,  where  he  took  up  the  lumber 
business,  which  he  followed  until  the  time  of  his  death 
in  1864.  The  mother  was  married  in  Ireland  and  came 
to  Cherrvfield,  Maine,  with  her  husband,  where  she 
died  on  February  4,  1894.  Mrs.  Haydin  was  born  in 
Cherrvfield,  on  August  9,  1855,  and  has  two  brothers, 
Thomas,  Patrick,  deceased.  Seven  children  have  come 
rown  this  union,  May.  born  November  5,  1875; 
Charles  E..  born  August  25,  1877;  Cecelia,  born  De- 
cember 10.  1880:  William  P.,  born  September  10, 
1882;  Joseph,  born  October  29,  1884;  John  F.,  born 
\pri!  22,  1887  ;  Bernard,  born  August  2,  1891,  and  died 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


August  10,  1891.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hayclin  a: 
Republicans  and  have  both  held  various  office 
are  members  of  the  Catholic  church. 


stanch 
They 


FRANCIS  D.  SPRINGER,  who  resides  one  mile 
south  of  Canfield,  although  not  one  of  the  earliest  set- 
tlers of  this  county,  is  quite  deserving  of  mention  in 
this  volume,  both  because  of  his  enterprise  manifested 
in  various  places  and  ways  and  also  because  of  his 
substantial  worth  and  integrity.  He  was  born  in  Bu- 
chanan county.  Iowa,  on  April  3,  1852,  the  son  of 
James  and  Eliza  ( Peters )  Springer,  natives  respective- 
ly of  Illinois  and  New  York.  The  family  removed  to 
Franklin  county,  Iowa,  when  the  country  was  very  new 
and  in  1868  they  crossed  the  plains  with  teams.  In 
1870  we  find  them  in  California  raising  stock.  Our 

in  due  time  began  life  for  himself.  While  in  Cali- 
fornia he  was  an  expert  nimrod  and  had  some  very 
thrilling  experiences  with  wild  hogs  and  grizzlies.  Mr. 
Springer  resided  in  various  places  in  California  and  in 
1877  came  to  the  Willamette  valley  and  the  following 
year  to  eastern  Oregon  and  there  participated  in  the 
troubles  with  the  Indians.  He  was  employed  variously 
until  1880,  when  he  took  up  sawmilling  in  Dayton, 
Washington,  after  which  we  find  him  farming 'near 
Pomeroy,  and  in  1890,  like  many  another  one,  he  was 
forced  to  the  wall  financially.  He  replenished  his  ex- 
chequer by  raising  stock,  then  went  to  Huntsville  and 
later  returned  to  Dayton.  Mr.  Springer  has  had  great 
experience  in  handling  sheep  and  shearing  them,  hav- 
ing operated  all  through  eastern  Oregon,  Washington, 
Idaho  and  Montana.  In  the  fall  of  1902  he  took  his 
present  homestead  on  Doumecq  plains.  Mr.  Springer 
still  owns  his  property  in  Dayton  and  has  other  inter- 
ests also. 

In  January.  1874,  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
Springer  and'  Aliss  Ruth  Bradley.  She  was  left  an 
orphan  at  an  earlv  age  and  was  reared  in  the  family  of 
Mr.  Mitchel.  She  was  born  September  3,  1858,  in 
Arkansas  and  went  with  the  Mitchel  family  to  Texas, 
later  to  Colorado  and  finally  to  Tulare  county,  Cali- 
fornia. The  following  children  have  been  born  to  this 
marriage,  Lillie  I,.,  wife  of  William  Moody,  of  Alto, 
Washington ;  Baney  D. ;  Florence  E. ;  Guyon  D. ;  Le- 
lia  P.,  wife  of  Len.  Jackson,  of  Dayton ;' Clinton  C. : 
Ruth.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Springer  are'  members  of  the 
Christian  church  and  they  are  consistent  followers  of 
that  faith. 

On  May  27,  1897,  Mr.  Springer  was  in  a  railroad 
wreck  at  American  Fall:    ' 
very  severe  injuries. 


ich  he 


ained  some 


JOHN  T.  HALE,  one  of  the  leading  business  men 
of  Cottonwood,  is  at  the  present  time  handling  the 
livery  and  feed  stables,  which  are  the  headquarters  of 
the  Lewiston  and  Cottonwood  stage  line.  Mr.  Hale 
owns  the  property,  does  a  good  business  and  is  popular 


in  the  community,  being  a  man  of  uprightness  and 
sound  business  methods. 

John  T.  Hale  was  born  in  Kosciusko  county,  In- 
diana, on  July  14,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Riley  and 
Maud  (Wiclopp)  Hale.  The  father  was  born  in  Ohio 
in  1830  and  is  now  living  in  Oregon.  He  was  a  pio- 
neer in  Indiana  and  had  two  brothers  in  the  Civil  war. 
The  mother  was  born  in  North  Carolina  and  died  in 
1868.  Her  ancestors  were  an  old  family  of  North 
Carolina.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  place, 
gained  a  good  education  and  worked  on  his  father's 
farm  until  he  arrived  at  his  majority.  Then  he  inaugu- 
rated independent  action  and  in  1875  he  went  to  Mich- 
igan, after  which  he  spent  a  year  in  Kansas  and  in 
1877  was  in  Oregon.  He  visited  his  uncle,  Louis  Hale, 
who  had  settled  m  the  Web-foot  state  in  1853.  He  re- 
mained there  off  and  on  for  about  six  years,  and  in 
1890  sought  out  a  place  in  the  vicinity  of  Moscow, 
where  he  gave  his  attention  to  farming  until  February, 
1897,  when  he  came  to  Cottonwood  and  for  a  time  took 
up  farming.  In  February,  1898,  Mr.  Hale  bought  the 
barn  where  he  is  now  doing  business  and  commenced 
operations  in  the  livery  line.  He  has  had  success  from 
the  start.  His  care  fo'r  all  details,  for  the  comfort  and 
safety  of  his  patrons,  his  geniality,  his  good  business 
methods  have  made  him  popular  and  drawn  to  his 
stables  a  first  class  patronage.  He  has  good  rigs,  and 
the  business  is  well  appointed  in  all  departments. 

Mr.  Hale  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
William,  George,  Cyrus,  Henry,  Eliza,  Nancy,  Maria. 
Mr.  Hale  is  a  member  of  the  Continental  Casualty 
Company  of  Chicago.  He  has  served  on  the  school 
board  and  in  politics  holds  with  the  Republicans. 


OSCAR  F.  CANFIELD.  who  lives  at  Canfield 
postoffice.  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  leading  citi- 
zens of  Idaho  county,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
are  enabled  to  grant  an  epitome  of  his  career  in  this 
connection.  He  was  born  in  Mercer  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  March  8,  1838,  the  son  of  William  D.  and 
Sallie  A.  (Lee)  Canfield,  natives  of  Birmingham  coun- 
ty, Vermont.  From  Mercer  county  they  removed  to 
Iowa  and  in  1847  came  across  the  plains  with  the 
largest  train  that  wended  its  weary  way  over  desert  and 
mountain  to  the  western  Mecca.  In  1844  they  had 
settled  in  Iowa  and  laid  out  the  town  of  Oskaloosa, 
where  they  did  a  hotel  business  for  some  time.  The 
ancestors  were  prominent  Americans  and  fought  in  the 
Revolution  for  independence.  They  were  six  months 
journeying  from  twelve  miles  west  of  St.  Joseph  to 
the  Whitman,  between  which  places  no  white  persons 
were  dwelling.  The  father  engaged  as  a  blacksmith  to 
Dr.  Whitman  and  at  the  time  of  the  massacre,  he, 
with  one  other  man  and  the  following  children,  our 
subject,  Albert,  Ellen,  Clarissa,  Sylvia  A.,  were  all  who 
escaped.  The  father  was  wounded  in  the  back.  Then 
they  went  to  Polk  county,  Oregon,  and  in  1849,  made 
their  way  to  San  Francisco.  There  they  mined  and  la- 
ter settled  in  Sonoma  county,  where  bur  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  and  remained  until  1880,  when  he 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


487 


journeyed  to  Colfax.  Later  he  was  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country,  where  a  butte  is  named  for  him.  He 
came  to  Camas  prairie  in  1889  and  soon  thereafter  re- 
moved to  his  present  place  at  Canfield,  where  he  owns 
a  section  of  fine  land.  Mr.  Canfield  was  one  of  the 
very  first  to  settle  on  Doumecq  plains.  He  has  a  good 
dwelling,  fine  orchard  and  other  substantial  improve- 
ments. 

On  January  14,  1868.  Mr.  Canfield  married  Miss 
Cynthia  A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Ellen  (Jeffries) 
Maple.  The  father  died  in  1894  but  the  mother  who 
is  now  living  with  this  daughter,  is  hearty  and  well 
preserved  at  the  age  of  eighty-six.  Mrs.  Canfield  was 
born  in  Ohio,  in  1845,  came  to  the  territory  of  Iowa  and 
in  1856  crossed  the  plains  to  Sonoma  county,  Califor- 
nia. Seven  children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage 
Sherman,  in  Idaho  county;  Oscar  B.,  on  the  Snake; 
Charles  O.,  also  on  the  Snake;  Joseph,  at  Canfield; 
Mary  R.,  wife  of  Wm.  Ferrell  on  the  St.  Joe;  Augusta 
L..  wife  of  Isaac  Cooper,  of  Coeur  d'Alene;  Lottie, 
wife  of  Jasper  Booth,  of  this  county.  Mrs.  Canfield 
comes  from  a  family  noted  for  its  longevity  and  they 
are  both  substantial  people  of  the  county.  "  Mr.  Can- 
field  was  a  soldier  in  the  Cayuse  war  under  Captain 
Nesmus.  Mr.  Canfield's  genealogy  dates  back  to  1350 
A.  D. 


SILAS  M.  CRAMER  is  a  substantial  and  indus- 
trious tiller  of  the  soil,  whose  home  is  five  miles  north- 
west from  Kooskia,  where  he  owns  a  well  improved 
farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty -acres.  He  was  born 
in  Franklin  county,  Ohio,  on  May  15,  1843,  tne  son 
of  William  H.  and  Christine  (Fritz)  Cramer,  who 
were  born  in  Pennsylvania  on  August  24,  and  April 
4,  1811,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  millwright 
and  a  natural  mechanic;  on  September  8,  1861,  he  en- 
listed in  the  First  Wisconsin  Light  Artillery  and  served 
eight  months,  being  honorably  discharged  on  account 
of  disability.  Our  subject  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters :  John  W.,  William  H.,  Jacob,  Henry  F., 
Daniel  B.,  Samuel  T.,  Cicero,  Lucinda,  Nancy  A., 

and  gained  his  education  bv  hard  toil.  When  the  war 
broke  out  he  enlisted  in  the  First  Wisconsin  Light 
Artillery  and  served  three  years.  Returning  home  after 
his  service  he  made  a  short  visit  and  then  enlisted  in 
the  Hancock  Infantry  and  fought  for  his  country  a 
year  more.  After  the  war  he  went  to  Minnesota  and 
farmed  and  in  1888  he  came  to  Whatcom  county, 
Washington,  and  took  property  in  Port  Angeles,  in 
1890.  In  1896,  he  came  to  Lewiston  and  wrought  at 
carpentering,  then  contracted  and  did  building  in 

present  place  and  located  a  homestead.  In  addition  to 
developing  the  farm,  Mr.  Cramer  has  devoted  con- 
siderable time  to  carpenter  work.  He  has  a  good  farm 
— the  famous  Fort  Misery  being  located  on  his  land. 
He  owns  some  cattle  and  horses  and  thirty  hogs. 

On  January  13,  1866,  Mr.  Cramer  married 'Miss 
Martha  E.  Riley,  in  Houston  county,  Minnesota,  and 
to  them  were  born  three  children:  Charles  H.,  born 


in  Minnesota  on  January  26,  1870;  Etta  E.,  born  in 
Minnesota,  oci  July  17,  1868;  Elizabeth,  born  in  Iowa, 
on  April  24,  1872'.  Mrs.  Cramer  was  born  in  Illinois 
on  December  27,  1850.  At  Osage,  Iowa,  on  October 
3,  1876,  Mr.  Cramer  married  a  second  time,  the  lady 
becoming  his  wife  on  that  occasion  being  Ida  E.  Rich- 
ards, who  was  born  in  Illinois,  on  June  4,  1858,  the 
daughter  of  David  J.  and  Elmira  (^ Riley)  Richards. 
The  father,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  on  Febru- 
ary 14,  1832,  was  a  carpenter  and  was  last  heard  of  in 
the  Klondike  excitement.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Ohio,  on  November  3,  1835.  Mrs.  Cramer  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Corbin  E.,  Jesse 
W.  5.,  Charles  H.,  Albert  G.,  George,  Frederic  J., 
Mary  A.,  Perl  J.  and  Bessie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cramer 
have  two  children,  Arthur  B.,  born  in  Kansas,  on 
September  24,  1877:  Lottie  Bell,  born  in  Nebraska 
on  December  27,  1882.  Mr.  Cramer  was  a  Republican 
in  the  time  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  but  now  votes  with  the 
Democrats. 


JAMES  L.  MILLER.  This  well  known  and  sub- 
stantial agriculturist  and  stockman,  whose  labors 
here  for  many  years  have  always  been  for  upbuilding 
and  improvement,  is  residing  about  four  miles  nort'i 
from  Denver,  where  he  has  a  fine  farm  and  handles 
considerable  stock.  He  was  born  in  eastern  Tennessee, 
on  April  27.  1854,  the  son  of  Jerry  M.  and  Mathilda 
(Hickey)  Miller,  born  in  eastern  Tennessee  in  1820  and 
1824,  respectively.  In  1862  the  father  enlisted  in  the 
Thirteenth  Tenneesee  under  Colonel  J.  K.  Miller  and 
rendered  excellent  service  in  various  engagements,  but 
while  on  a  furlough  at  home  he  was  killed  by  a  squad 
of  rebels,  December  24,  1864.  The  mother  was  mar- 
ried in  1843  ar>d  died  in  March,  1899.  She  was  of 
English  and  Irish  extraction.  Our  subject  was  raised 
in  his  native  place  and  educated  there.  When  eighteen 
he  went  to  Missouri  and  clerked  in  a  drug  store  until 
1875,  when  he  came  to  San  Francisco  by  rail  and  thence 
by  steamer  to  Portland.  He  farmed  "in  Polk  county, 
Oregon,  and  in  1881  removed  to  Dayton,  Washington. 

industry  with  his  father-in-law  until  1884;  then  he 
sold  out  and  came  to  Idaho  county.  This  was  in  May 
and  he  took  a  homestead  and  purchased  as  much  more, 
since  which  time  he  has  given  his  attention  to  producing 
the  fruits  of  the  field  and  raising  stock.  He  has  a 
quarter  section,  owns  a  hundred  head  of  cattle,  as  many 
hogs,  some  horses  and  also  town  property  in  Asotin 
and  other  property.  Mr.  Miller  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  William  R..  Nancy  Smith,  Betty 
Ellis,  deceased,  Balis  K.,  Cicero.  Kossuth.  William 


his  country. 

On  December  12.  1878,  Mr.  Miller  married  Miss 
Phoebe,  daughter  of  Jackson  and  Luvisa  (Wilhoit) 
Lowe.  The  father  was  born  in  1832,  in  Illinois,  re- 
moved to  Iowa  with  his  parents,  came  to  Oregon  in 
1851,  remained  in  Polk  county  fourteen  years  and  in 
1865  went  to  Pilot  Rock,  Umatilla  county;  in  1880 


488 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  came  to  Dayton,  Washington.  The  mother  was 
born  on  November  22,  1841,  in  Missouri.  Her  parents 
were  pioneers  in  the  Willamette  valley  and  her  father 
located  the  well  known  Wilhoit  soda  springs  in  Clacka- 
mas  county.  Mrs.  Lowe  was  married  on  August  23, 
1857,  and 'died  January  17,  1869.  Mrs.  Miller  was 
born  in  Polk  county,  Oregon,  on  November  6,  1862, 
and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Samuel 
IV.,  Mary  L.  Pomeroy,  Isaiah  A.,  deceased,  Lucy  E. 
Miller.  Eight  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Miller:  The  first  was  born  April  4,  and  died 
April  27,  1880:  Clifton  J.,  born  November  8,  1881 ; 
Charles  P.,  born  August  28,  1883 ;  Iva  A.,  born  Sep- 
tember I,  1885:  Edith,  born  October  15,  1887;  Katie 
M.,  born  April  22.  1892;  Ruth  E.,  born  November  5, 
1894;  J.  Laughton,  born  November  2,  1899.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Miller  are  both  Republicans  and  he  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  M.  W.  A.  They  also  belong 
to  the  Christian  church.  Mr.  Miller  was  census  enum- 
erator in  1900.  He  states  that  he  has  seen  land  raise 
from  a  nominal  value  to  twenty  or  thirty  dollars  per 


JOSEPH  M.  WOLBERT,  now  handling  insur- 
ance, collections  and  loans,  in  Cottonwood,  is  a  well 
known  speaker,  newspaper  man,  and  politician,  whose 
influence  has  been  felt  over  the  entire  northwest.  He 
was  born  in  Harrison  county,  Indiana,  on  April  20, 
1853,  being  the  son  of  William  P.  and  Louise  (Mc- 
Mullen)  Wolbert.  The  father  was  born  in  Gloucester 
county,  New  Jersey,  in  1808,  and  remembers  the  sol- 
diers of  the  war  of  1812.  The  paternal  grandfather  of 
Joseph  M.  built  a  house  in  Gloucester  county,  New 
Jersey,  and  raised  it  the  day  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence was  signed.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1811  and  died  in  1885. 
Her  ancestors  were  early  settlers  in  the  Keystone  state 
and  came  of  the  Scotch  and  Irish  races.  The  parents 
of  our  subject  settled-  in  Indiana  in  1832  and  manu- 
factured ship  buckets.  They  removed  to  various  places 
and  finally  settled  in  Wisconsin,  where  our  subject  was 
educated  and  raised.  He  also  learned  the  carpenter's 
trade  and  studied  medicine.  When  twelve  he  enlisted  in 
Company  D,  Fifty-second  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infan- 
try, as  drummer  boy  and  was  soon  appointed  orderly, 
being  the  youngest  one  in  the  army.  He  was  mustered 
out  on  July  25,  1865,  and  returned  to  Wisconsin  and 
railroaded.  Later  we  see  him  as  master  carbuilder  in 
Wells,  Minnesota,  and  then  he  came  to  Spokane,  where 
he  contracted  and  did  building,  then  moved  to  Moscow. 
There  he  organized  the  Silver  Federation  which  was 
used  in  the  silver  wave  that  swept  the  northwest.  Later 
Mr.  Wolbert  went  to  Dayton  and  took  the  platform 
on  political  economy  and  was  a  power  in  politics.  In 
1895,  he  came  to  Cottonwood,  bought  the  Report,  a 
local  paper,  and  boldly  took  the  stand  for  reform  and 
economy  in  county  expenses.  He  had  the  satisfaction 
of  seeing  the  warrants  come  from  far  below  par  to 
par,  the  indebtedness  largely  wiped  out,  and  things 


reconstructed.  His  paper  was  a  sheet  of  marked  vital- 
ity and  distinct  merit  and  wielded  great  influence.  He 
was  nominated  for  the  legislature  in  1898,  but  did  not 
take  the  field  and  went  down  with  the  ticket.  Mr. 
Wolbert  sold  the  paper  in  1901  and  has  since  devoted 
himself  to  his  present  business  with  gratifying  results. 
In  1894,  at  Genesee,  Mr.  Wolbert  married  Miss 
Ida,  daughter  of  Leander  and  Mervina  (Kelly)  Swift, 
natives  of  Tennessee  and  Missouri,  respectively,  and 
now  living  at  Johnson,  Washington.  Mrs.  Wolbert 
was  born  in  Springfield,  Missouri,  in  1870,  and  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Harry,  Edward, 
Airs.  Walter  L.  Hunter,  Mary  Kollenburn,  Nellie 
Swift.  Mr.  Wolbert  has  four  brothers :  Henry,  Will- 
iam R.,  Acquilla  D.,  James.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wol- 
bert three  children  have  been  born :  Clara,  Hal,  Ray, 
aged  eight,  six  and  one,  respectively.  Mr.  Wolbert 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  and  for  twenty-seven  years 
has  clone  considerable  lodge  organizing.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  was  adjutant  general 
of  the  state  of  Idaho  in  1893-94.  He  is  an  active  and 
influential  Republican  and  has  recently  been  re-elected 
to  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace.  "  Mr.  Wolbert  is 
also  a  notary  public  and  is  active  in  the  interests  of 
educational  facilities. 


JESSE  M.  DIXON.  In  the  related  occupations 
of  farming  and  raising  stock,  Mr.  Dixon  has  been 
engaged  in  different  places  of  the  west  for  many  years 
and  is  a  pioneer  of  Idaho  county  and  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men.  Recently  he  purchased  a  half  interest  in 
the  Elite  saloon  in  Cottonwood  and  gives  attention  to 
managing  the  business,  but  he  is  still  engaged  in 
handling  stock  and  owns  the  land  which  he  secured  as 
government  land  when  he  first  came  here.  Mr.  Dixon 
also  owns  residence  and  business  property  in  Cotton- 
wood  and  is  one  of  the  heavy  tax  payers  of  the  county. 

Jesse  M.  Dixon  was  born  in  Ash  county,  North 
Carolina,  on  May  27,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Alfred  and 
Narcissa  (McMillen)  Dixon,  natives  of  North  Caro- 
lina and  now  deceased.  The  father  served  in  the  Civil 
war  from  North  Carolina,  and  later  moved  to  Mis- 
souri, thence  back  to  North  Carolina.  Our  sub- 
ject grew  to  manhood  and  was  educated  in  his 
native  state.  Then  he  inaugurated  independent 
action  and  came  to  Denver,  where  he  spent  several 
years  lumbering  and  related  occupations.  His  next 
move  was  to  Grant  county,  Oregon,  where  he  com- 
menced raising  stock  and  farming.  Five  years  in 
that  country  and  Mr.  Dixon  came  with  his  stock  to 
Idaho  county,  where  he  settled  and  gave  his  attention 
to  handling  his  herds.  He  was  successful  in  his  en- 
terprises and  in  1900,  the  people  called  him  from  pri- 
vate life  to  take  up  the  duties  of  the  sheriff's  office. 
He  entered  that  office  with  the  same  care  and  faith- 
fulness displayed  in  his  every  day  walk,  and  for  two 
years  discharged  the  responsibilities  incumbent  upon 

On  December  25.  1885,  Mr.  Dixon  married  Miss 
Laruah,  daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth  (Howell) 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


McGuire,  natives  of  North  Carolina,  where  also  Mrs. 
Dixon  was  born.  The  wedding  occurred  in  eastern 
Oregon.  Mrs.  Dixon  has  one  sister,  Monrova.  Mr. 
Dixon  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  John, 
Nancy  Hill,  Catherine  Williamson,  Rena  Baker.  One 
child  has  been  born  to  this  union,  Verner,  at  home. 
Mr.  Dixon  is  a  true  blue  Democrat  and  is  an  influential 
figure  in  his  party  and  a  power  in  the  campaigns. 


LAWRENCE  C.  CHADWICK,  superintendent  of 
I  the  Consolidated  Hydraulic  Mining  &  Development 
Company,  of  Lucile,  Idaho,  is  one  of  the  foremost  men 
;  of  the  mining  interests  of  Idaho  county  and  no  com- 
pilation which  represents  the  people  and  interests  of 
this  county  could  well  fail  to  grant  consideration  to 
this  gentleman.  He  was  born  in  Chautauqua  county, 
New  York,  July  20,  1858,  the  son  of  Benjamin  F.  and 
Maria  (Rowe)  Chadwick.  The  father  was  born  in 
New  York  in  1819  and  now  lives  in  Pennsylvania. 
His  father,  Archibald  H.,  was  a  patriot  in  the  Revolu- 
tion and  came  of  English  ancestry.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Warren  county,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1826,  and  died  in  1891.  Our  subject  grew  to  the 
age  of  eighteen  in  New  York  and  worked  on  a  farm 
and  was  well  educated  and  then  began  teaching,  taking 
his  first  school  when  he  was  sixteen.  He  taught  then 
in  Kalamazoo  county,  Michigan,  for  two  years  after 
eighteen.  Then  he  was  in  the  general  merchandise 
business  and  was  postmaster  for  a  time.  Later  he  re- 
turned to  New  York  and  took  charge  of  the  old  home- 
stead, his  father  being  too  old.  In  1884,  Mr.  Chad- 
wick  was  installed  as  head  of  the  Pennsylvania  Tract 
Company's  business  and  was  five  years  treasurer  and 
general  manager. "  Then,  in  1889,  he  was  elected  presi- 
ident  of  the  International  Tract  Company.  He  had 
general  charge  of  twelve  hundred  solicitors  in  all  parts 
of  the  world  and  when  he  entered  on  the  duties  of  this 
important  office,  he  had  to  handle  annual  sales  of  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars ;  and  two  years  later,  owing 
to  his  successful  business  methods  and  vim,  he  had 
brought  the  sales  up  to  five  hundred  thousand  dollars 
annually.  He  had  reorganized  the  entire  business  and 
put  it  on  a  new  basis.  During  this  time,  Mr.  Chad- 
wick  had  visited  South  America,  twenty-four  islands 
of  the  West  Indies,  African  colonies,  Portugal,  Spain. 
England,  France,  and  many  other  places,  being  two 
years  on  the  trip.  He  returned  home  in  1893  and  en- 
tered the  ministry  of  the  Baptist  church  and  was  or- 
dained January  31,  1894.  He  was  pastor  for  the  White 
Pigeon  church  in  Michigan  until  1899  and  then  went 
to  Detroit  and  took  up  mission  work.  One  year  later 
"he  organized  a  successful  church  there  and  then  on 
account  of  failing  health  he  came  west  to  be  out  doors 

ing  here  and  has  organized  the  present  'company  of 
which  he  is  superintendent.  They  own  property  near 
Lucile  and  also  near  Freedonia.  They  have  a  total 
of  eight  claims  in  operation  at  the  present  time  and  last 
year  he  expended  judiciously  twenty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars in  the  propositon. 


Mr.  Chadwick  has  one  daughter  by  his  former  mar- 
riage, Mrs.  Marie  Wolgamwod,  of  Chicago.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1902,  Mr.  Chadwick  maried  Leona  L.,  daugh- 
ter of  George  W.  and  Sarah  (Rogers)  Robbins.  The 
father  and  his  father  were  pioneers  in  Cass  county, 
Michigan.  Mrs.  Chadwick  has  one  sister  and  four 
brothers,  Lena,  L.  G.,  L.  M.,  L.  H.,  L.  N.  Mr.  Chad- 
wick has  no  living  brothers  nor  sisters.  Mrs.  Chad- 
wick was  born  in  Cass  county,  Michigan,  in  1869,  is 
a  graduate  of  the  state  normal,  spent  some  years  in 
teaching  and  also  was  three  years  a  trained  nurse.  Mr. 
Chadwick  is  a  member  of  the  Masons,  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  the  Maccabees.  He  has  always 
been  active  in  educational  work  and  is  a  thorough 
Republican.  Mr.  Chadwick  has  investigated  the  min- 
eral resources  of  the  Salmon  river  for  some  time  in 
a  wise  manner  and  he  is  thoroughly  convinced  that  it 
is  one  of  the  best  mineral  deposits  in  the  country, 
and  believes  that  in  the  near  future  it  will  be  the  centre 
(jf  great  development  work. 


AMANDUS  P.  KING.  At  Woodland,  six  and  one- 
half  miles  northwest  from  Kamiah,  is  the  home  place 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  which  was  taken  from  the 
wild  and  is  now  being  improved  in  a  becoming  man- 
ner. Mr.  King  has  displayed  energy  and  industry, 
dominated  with  wisdom,  since  coming  here  and  has 
wrought  well  for  general  improvement  as  well  for  the 
development  of  his  farm. 

Amandus  P.  King  was  born  in  Logan  county,  Ohio, 
on  November  30.  1861,  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Rebecca 
(Yoder)  King,  who  were  born  in  Mifflin  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  July  i,  1821,  and  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio, 
on  August  21,  1830,  respectively.  The  father  came  to 
Ohio  with  his  parents  when  he  was  twelve  and  in  1867, 
he  migrated  to  Missouri,  having  married  in  1850.  Our 
subject  attended  district  school  for  a  period  of  nine 
years  and  when  twenty-one  started  out  in  life  for  him- 
self, having  the  capital  of  two  good  strong  hands  and  a 
courageous  heart.  He  farmed  in  partnership  with  his 
father  for  nine  years  and  in  1884  made  a  trip  to  the 
Willamette  valley.  Later  he  returned  to  Missouri  and 
remained  until  1899.  In  that  year  he  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  lose  his  health  and  the  doctors  advised  a  change 
of  climate.  Acting  on  their  advise  he  traveled  in  the 
various  sections  of  the  coast  and  on  June  13,  1899,  Mr. 
King  settled  on  his  present  place,  a  tract  of  land  num- 
bering one  hundred  and  twenty  acres.  The  land  is  all 
fenced  now  and  a  portion  in  cultivation,  while  he  has 
erected  a  commodious  dwelling  of  seven  rooms,  a  large 

Mr.  King  has  some  stock  and  is  one  of  the  progressive 
men  of  the  section.  He  has  two  brothers  and  four 
sisters,  John  M.,  Isaiah  G..  Elizabeth,  Miriam,  Emma, 
Charity. 

On  December  23,  1891,  in  Holden,  Johnson  coun- 
ty, Missouri,  Mr.  King  married  Miss  Mima,  daughter 
of  David  and  Lydia  (Stutzeman)  Morrell.  Mr.  Mor- 
rell  was  a  Mennonite  minister  for  many  years.  Mrs. 
King  was  born  in  Noble  county,  Indiana,  on  September 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


18,  1866,  and  she  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
Emmanuel  S.,  David  M.,  Anna  M.,  Sarah  E.,  Etta  L. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  Air.  and  Mrs.  King, 
Vera  M.,  born  in  Missouri,  on  May  2,  1893 ;  Forest  A., 
born  in  Missouri,  on  November  "30,  1898.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  King  are  members  of  the  Mennonite  church  and 
stanch  people.  He  votes  the  Republican  ticket  and  is 
well  informed  on  the  questions  of  the  day. 


JOHN  C.  DOSS  is  a  prosperous  and  industrious 
farmer  and  agriculturist  dwelling  about  three  miles 
south  from  Denver,  where  he  has  a  generous  estate  of 
four  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  fertile  land.  He  has 
increased  his  holdings  from  one  hundred  and  twenty, 
which  he  first  took  as  a  homestead,  to  the  present 
domain  and  during  the  years  of  arduous  and  sagacious 
labor,  has  increased  his  holdings  in  personal  property 
in  a  commensurate  manner,  having  now  nearly  one 
hundred  head  of  cattle,  and  turning  off  each  year  from 
one  to  two  hundred  head  of  hogs  besides  other  stock. 

John  C.  Doss  was  born  in  Marshall  county,  Ala- 
bama, on  January  14,  1851,  the  son  of  Richard  and 
Theresa  (Pearson)  Doss,  natives  of  Alabama,  and  born 
in  1812  and  1813,  respectively.  The  father  was  killed 
by  guerilla  bands  in  1863,  who  were  plundering  the 
country  and  robbing  and  murdering.  The  mother 
died  in  1859.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Alabama, 
lived  with  the  parents  until  their  death,  and  then  re- 
mained on  the  old  homestead  and  farmed  until  1879. 
He  started  out  in  the  world  for  himself  then  and 
walked  to  Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  and  thence  to  Ft. 
Smith.  Later  we  see  him  in  Muskogee,  Indian  Ter- 

Vancouver,  and  finally  at  Hood  river  in  Oregon.  He 
herded  sheep  for  Farney,  Lamge  &  Poore,  who  failed 
and  thereby  entailed  on 'him  the  loss  of  his  wages  and 
one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  besides,  which  he  had  de- 
posited with  them.  In  the  spring  of  1881,  Mr.  Doss 
came  to  Camas  prairie  and  took  a  homestead  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres,  which  was  the  nucleus  of 
his  present  fine  estate.  Since  that  ime  Mr.  Doss  has 
always  been  found  prosecuting  his  business  with  vigor 
and  skill  and  is  counted  one  of  the  leading  stockmen 
and  agriculturists  in  the  country. 

Mr.  Doss  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Mattie  Blackford,  Amanda  Downey,  Victoria  Horton, 
Missouria  Roden,  James  P.,  Samuel  H.,  Reuben  C. 
Mr.  Doss  is  a  Democrat  and  intelligent  in  the  issues 
of  the  day  while  he  is  always  allied  on  the  side  of  prog- 
ress, good  schools,  good  roads  and  general  improve- 


SAMUEL  A.  WILSON  is  a  genuine  westerner,  a 
typical  pioneer  and  a  successful  miner.  He  has  de- 
voted most  of  his  life  to  mining  and  is  one  of  the  active 
and  enterprising  ones  who  have  materially  opened  up 
different  sections,  now  promising  and  profitable  camps. 
He  has  followed  this  occupation  most  of  the  time  since 
and  has  visited  the  famous  camps  of  the  country.  He 


has  mined  in  California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  New  Mex- 
ico, old   Mexico.  Montana.   Utah  and  Idaho.       From 
Wood  river  he  went  to  the  vicinity  of  Wilbur  and  took 
a  homestead.    He  was  one  of  the  first  ones  to  prove  up 
and  had  it  well  cultivated  and  rented.     Mr.   Wilson 
helped  to  blaze  the  trail  from  Thompson  Falls  to  Mur- 
ray and  operated  there  considerably,  as  also  in  the  other 
camps  of  northern  Idaho,  where  he  still  has  claims. 
Elk,  Florence,  Warren,  Buffalo  Hump  and  other  camps 
have  been  the  scenes  of  his  labor  and  now  he  is  putting 
forth  effort  at  the  Rainbow  district  where  he  is  heavily  ! 
interested  in  some  valuable  copper  claims.     The  camp 
is  new,  with  many  good  showings  in  evidence  and  will  4 
without  doubt  be  one  of  the  prosperous  camps  soon. 
Mr.  Wilson  is  putting  out  considerable  capital  with 
others  in  this  section  and  soon  there  will  doubtless  be 
some  shippers.    Mr.  Wilson  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  ] 
and  is  of  excellent  standing.     He  has  borne  the  hard-  \ 
ships  and  suffering  incident  to  mining  life  in  the  wilds  1 
and  also  has  met  many  dangers  from  the  Indians  but 
he  is  a  man  whose  courage  and  endurance  were  always  I 
equal  to  the  occasion. 


JAMES   E.   FERREE.      Among  the  prosperous,   ; 
substantial  and  industrious  farmers  and  stockmen  of  j 
Idaho  county  there  should  not  be  failure  to  mention 
the  gentleman  whose  name  it  at  the  head  of  this  article 
and  whose  estate  of  four  hundred  acres  of  fertile  land 
lies  about  four  miles  southwest  from  Denver,  where 
the  family  home  is  at  the  present  time. 

James  E.  Ferree  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Michi- 
gan, on  May  6,  1855,  the  son  of  Frederic  M.  and  De- 
borah A.  (Warkins)  Ferree.  The  father  was  born  in 
Maryland  in  1820  and  removed  with  his  brother  to- 
Seneca  county,  Ohio,  and  then  to  Michigan,  where  he 
married.  He  wrought  at  carpentering  and  blacksmith- 
ing,  and  in  1865  went  to  Seneca  county  again.  In 
1867  he  removed  to  Ray  county,  Missouri,  and  there 
farmed.  Finally,  on  account  of  ill  health,  he  went  to 
Eureka  Springs^  Arkansas,  and  at  Berryville,  Mon- 
roe county,  Arkansas,  he  died  on  April  26,  1888.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  New  York  state  o 
January  18,  1830.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  in  Mor 
roe  county,  Michigan.  She  died  in  Kansas  on  July 
14,  1901.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  the 
various  places  where  the  family  resided,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty-four  went  by  rail  to  San  Francisco  and 
thence  by  steamer  to  Portland,  up  the  rivers  to  Lewis- 
ton,  and 'by  stage  to  Mt.  Idaho.  He  worked  at  various- 
employments  for  a  few  years ;  in  1879  took  up  a  pre- 
emption, and  in  the  fall  of  1885  he  secured  a  homestead, 
where  he  has  dwelt  since  and  has  given  his  undivided 
attention  to  producing  the  fruits  of  the  field  and  stock ; 
the  result  is  that  his  skill  and  arduous  labors  have 
been  rewarded  with  a  goodly  holding  of  property.  He 
handles  from  one  to  two  hundred  head  of  hogs  each 
year  and  also  other  stock. 

Mr.  Ferree  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters,  Boyd,  Mary  Odell,  Eva,  deceased,  Hall,  Milton 
Guy,  Annie  Tucker. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


491 


On  January  I,  1896,  Mr.  Ferree  married  Miss  Ida 
M.,  daughter  of  David  and  Mary  E.  (Kelly)  Nickson. 
The  father  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Michigan,  on 
July  19,   1839.     His  parents  were  pioneers  from  Ire- 
land there  in  1837.    He  was  reared  in  Illinois,  came  to 
Oregon  in  1869  and  after  ten  years  in  Benton  county, 
rjae  came  to  Camas  prairie,  took  land  and  farmed  until 
his  death,  on  November  10,  1890.    Mrs.  Nickson  was 
thorn  March   17,    1845,  in  Vandalia,  Illinois,  and  her 
1  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.     Mrs.   Ferree 
was  born  February  u,  1867,  in' Madison  county,  Illi- 

*  nois,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Will- 

•  iam   S.,  John  A.,  deceased,   Emma,   deceased,   Celia, 
Clarence  D.     One  child,  Edna  Margaret,  was  born  to 
this  couple  on  May  15,  1897.    Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ferree  are 

f  solid  Democrats  and  intelligent  in  the  questions  at  is- 
fsue.    He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  the  I.  O. 
O.  F. 


JOSEPH  T.  MORRISON  is  the  proprietor  of  the 
I  Cottonwood  house,  a  well  appointed  hostelry  and  pop- 
ir  stopping  place  for  the  traveling  public,  where  he 
|  does  a  good  business  and  has  the  confidence  and  es- 
I  teem  of  all.,  being  a  young  man  of  reliability  and  enter- 
prise. 

Joseph  T.  Morrison  was  born  in  Lee  county,  Iowa, 
'  on  April  4,  1874,  being  the  son  of  Murray  and  Lizzie 
I   (Balm)   Morrison,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  born 
[.  in  1830  and  1844,  respectively.     The  father  died  in 
March,    1902,  near  Colfax,  whither  he  had  come  in 
1890.     He  was  a  pioneer  in  Osborne,  Kansas,  settling 
there  in    1878.     The  mother  still   lives   near  Colfax. 
Our  subject  was  but  four  years  of  age  when  the  family 
nt  to  Kansas  and  there  he  grew  to  manhood  and  re- 
ceived his  education.     He  came  west  to  Colfax  with 
>  parents  and  remained  at  home   until  the   fall  of 
1895  when  he  came  to  the  Nez  Perces  reservation  in 
Idaho  county  and  took  land.     He  farmed  and  improved 
that  until  recently  when  he  removed  to  Cottonwood 
and  took  charge  of  a  hotel  which  he  has  since  sold. 
Mr.  Morrison  still  owns  his  farm  and  oversees  it. 

On  November  27,  1901,  near  Westlake,  Mr.  Mor- 
rison maried  Miss  Maggie  Milam,  step-daughter  of  C. 
B.  Fetters.  Her  mother's  name  is  Lucy  (Gamble)  Fet- 
•s.  Mrs.  Morrison  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Illi- 
is,  on  February  22,  1885,  and  has  no  brothers  nor 
ters.  Mr.  Morrison  has  two  brothers  and  one  sis- 
ter, Lewis  E.,  Laura  L.  Oliver,  Asa  F.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Cottonwood  Lodge.  While  Mr. 
Morrison  is  a  Republican,  still  he  reserves  for  himself 
the  right  to  choose  the  man  and  is  independent  in 
thought. 


HON.  WILLIAM  S.  M.  WILLIAMS  is  one  of 
the  intrepid  pioneers  who  footed  it  from  Umatilla  to 
Lewiston  and  thence  to  Florence  in  1862,  making  his 
way  alone  through  the  wilds  of  the  country.  He  has 
remained  in  this  section  since  and  has  been' a  veritable 
builder  of  Idaho  county  in  several  senses.  He  has 
wrought  with  a  show  of  industry  and  stability  in  its 


mines,  has  made  a  good  record  in  its  farming  and 
stock  raising  interests,  has  served  faithfully  in  its  of- 
fices, and  was  one  of  the  prominent  ones  in  the  legis- 
lature to  establish  its  boundaries. 

Mr.  Williams  was  born  in  Monroe  count}-,  Tennes- 
see, on  October  16,  1837,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Sarah  M.  (Steele)  Williams,  natives  of  Virginia.  The 
mother  was  of  Scotch  ancestry  and  died  when  our 
subject  was  a  lad.  Her  mother's  name  was  Maches- 
ney.  The  father  was  born  in  1812,  wrought  as  a  car- 
penter and  cabinet  maker,  fought  the  Indians,  held 
prominent  positions  in  his  county,  and  died  in  1876  in 
the  home  county.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  his  native  place  and  then  began  life  as  a  clerk 
hi  a  store.  In  1860  he  came  to  California  via  the 
Isthmus  and  went  to  Dutch  Flat,  then  to  Nevada  City 
and- mined.  Two  years  later  he  heard  of  the  great 
Florence  and  Salmon  river  excitement  and  came  thither 
via  San  Francisco,  Portland,  Umatilla,  Lewiston  and 
on  to  Florence,  which,  when  he  landed  in  May,  1862, 
was  a  town  of  ten  thousand  people,  the  streets  being 
jammed  with  gold  seekers.  Flour  cost  one  dollar  per 
pound  and  freight  fifty  cents  per  pound,  it  being- 
brought  largely  on  snow  shoes.  When  Mr.  Williams 
footed  it  from  Umatilla  to  Florence  he  passed  over 
thousands  of  acres  all  wild,  now  the  richest  of  farms. 
He  mined  and  prospected  until  August,  then  went  to 
Warren,  just  discovered  and  did  well  mining.  He 
worked  there  until  1871  also  doing  some  mining  in 
Washington  and  Payette  Lake  counties.  All  the 
country  when  Mr.  Williams  came  was  Washigton  ter- 
ritory and  he  has  seen  all  the  development  of  the  coun- 
try and  changes  wrought  by  civilization.  In  1871  he 
came  to  Camas  prairie,  took  land  and  commenced  to 
raise  stock.  He  also  mined  some  and  in  1877  he 
helped  to  organize  the  Grangeville  Volunteers  to  fight 
the  Nez  Perces  under  Captains  Bloomer  and  Ruby. 
He  was  also  first  lieutenant  with  a  Grangeville  com- 
pany that  operated  with  General  Howard.  He  was  at 
Misery  Hill  when  the  savages  made  a  night  attack  and 
stampeded  the  horses,  thus  entailing  the  necessity  of 
going  after  mounts.  He  was  superintendent  of  the 
Grangeville  mills  and  could  not  in  person  be  on  the 
field  all  the  time.  At  the  close  of  the  war  the  volun- 
teers kept  their  guns  for  fear  of  other  outbreaks  and 
when  the  Bannock  war  came  on  a  stockade  was  built 
at  Grange  Hall  where  the  women  and  children  were 
protected.  Even  after  Joseph's  capture  the  people  were 
incredulous  and  for  years  a  sharp  lookout  was  kept. 
In  the  fall  of  1878  Mr.  Williams  was  chosen  county 
recorder  and  clerk  of  the  board  of  commissioners  and 
served  two  years.  He  returned  to  his  farm  and  in 
1884  he  was  elected  to  the  legislature  from  Idaho  coun- 
ty and  succeeded  in  getting  the  boundary  of  the  county 
established,  also  put  through  some  excellent  laws  re- 
garding hogs.  He  returned  to  his  farm  after  the  ser- 
vice rendered  and  was  then  appointed  deputy  sheriff 
under  Cyrus  Overman,  serving  two  years  after  which 
he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Idaho  countv.  Following  his 
term  in  this  office  Mr.  Williams  went  to  his  old  home 
in  Tennessee  after  an  absence  of  thirty-nine  years.  Re- 
turning to  Idaho  county  Mr.  Williams  was  appointed 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


deputy  sheriff  under  Jesse  Dixon  and  completed  this 
service  in  1902.  Mr.  Williams  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters,  Samuel  Y.  B.,  James  W.  D.,  Tay- 
lor, Gideon,  Joseph,  Andrew  J.,  Beunavista  Bicknell. 
Mr.  Williams  is  a  Master  Mason  and  a  man  of  un- 
questioned standing  and  ability  and  it  is  very  fitting 
that  he  should  be  especially  mentioned  in  the  history 
'  of  the  county  which  he  has  so  materially  assisted  to 
build. 


JOSEPH  S.  VINCENT,  the  faithful  and  efficient 
deputy  sheriff  of  Idaho  county,  is  one  of  the  men 
whose  life  has  all  been  spent  in  northern  Idaho.  Born 
in  Lewiston,  on  April  24,  1866,  and  dwelling  there 
and  in  adjacent  sections  until  the  present  time,  he  has 
become  so  thoroughly  associated  both  with  the  de- 
velopment and  the  history  of  the  country  that  no  work 
of  this  character  would  be  complete  without  mention, 
of  him.  His  parents  were  Joseph  K.  and  Elizabeth 
M.  (Leland)  Vincent.  The  father  was  born  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  on  June  26,  1822,  went  to  California  in 
1849  and  there  mined  and  raised  stock.  He  fought  in 
the  Indian  war  of  1855  and  1856  and  then  came  to 
Lapwai.  He  mined  in  all  the  early  camps  and  was  the 
first  tax  collector  of  Nez  Perces  county.  He  held  vari- 
ous county  offices,  as  sheriff,  probate  judge  and  so 
forth.  After  1886  he  came  to  Idaho  county  and 
operated  a  hotel  in  Cottonwood.  He  was  elected  pro- 
bate judge  when  no  other  Republican  was  elected.  He 
now  dwells  at  Mount  Idaho.  Mrs.  Vincent  was  born 
in  Rhode  Island  October  8,  1840,  being  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Hon.  Alonzo  Leland,  a  prominent  Idaho 
pioneer.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood,  was  educated, 
and  learned  the  printer's  business  in  Lewiston.  He 
served  from  nineteen  to  twenty-three  and  in  1891  he 
started  the  Gazette  at  Kendrick.  This  was  the  only 
Democratic  organ  in  Latah  county  for  a  long  time  and 
he  conducted  it  from  1891  to  1901,  making  it  a  sheet 
of  distinct  vitality  and  merit.  In  the  year  last  men- 
tioned, Mr.  Vincent  was  taken  with  a  severe  typhoid 
fever  which  necessitated  a  change  of  residence  and  he 
accordingly  leased  his  paper  and  came  to  Grangeville. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  trade  in  Kendrick, 
was  appointed  by  the  governor  as  committeeman  to 
the  exposition  and  since  coming  to  Grangeville  has 
been  deputy  auditor,  tax  collector,  and  is  now  deputy 
sheriff  of  the  county. 

On  June  23,  1892,  Mr.  Vincent  married  Miss  Alice 
R.  York,  whose  father,  J.  B.  Springer,  of  Salem, 
Oregon,  is  a  well  known  pioneer  of  the  Webfoot  state, 
and  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  built  the  St.  Charles  hotel 
of  Portland.  Mrs.  Vincent  has  two  sisters :  Mrs.  W. 
W.  Brown,  of  Grangeville,  and  Mrs.  George  H.  Lake, 
of  Lewiston.  Mr.  Vincent  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters :  Alonzo  P.,  Letitia  R.  Scott,  Seth  E.,  Alida 
Briscoe,  Henry  G.,  Tammany  C,  William.  .  One 
child,  Katherine  M.,  has  been  'born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Vincent,  at  Kendrick,  Idaho,  on  March  10,  1895.  Mr. 
Vincent  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the  W.  W. 
He  was  chosen  grand  chancellor  of  Idaho  and  has  a 
magnificent  badge  presented  to  him  by  the  state  lodge. 


He  has  been  a  member  of  grand  lodge  since  1896. 
Mrs.  Vincent  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
and  her  husband  of  the  Episcopalian.  Mr.  Vincent 
lived  within  three  miles  of  Grangeville  at  the  time  of 
the  Nez  Perces  war  and  was  here  when  the  first  house, 
Grange  Hall,  was  built  in  1876. 


HENRY  MEYER  is  one  of  the  popular  residents 
of  Idaho  county,  a  heavy  real  estate  owner,  a  prosper- 
ous and  enterprising  agriculturist  and  stockman  and 
an  upright  and  capable  man.  He  was  born  in  Bremen, 
Germany,  on  July  28,  1852,  the  son  of  John  H.  and 
Anna  (Methameyer)  Meyer,  born  in  Hanover, 
Germany.  The  father  was  a  prominent  farmer,  hotel 
man  and  brick  manufacturer.  On  account  of  political 
differences  after  the  revolution  of  1848  he  came  and 
settled  in  Indiana,  then  went  to  Wisconsin  and  in  1850 
returned  to  Germany  and  manufactured  brick  on  a| ! 
large  scale.  In  1872  he  built  a  hotel  and  continued  in; 
its  operation  until  his  death,  on  December  31,  1882. 
The  mother  died  in  1852.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
Bremen  and  received  a  good  high  school  education. 
In  1873  our  subject  came  to  the  United  States  and ' 
settled  in  Cook  county,  Illinois.  Later  he  went  to] 
Lake  county,  Indiana,  and  then  to  Iowa,  Kansas,  Ne- 
braska, the  Dakotas  and  thence  to  California.  He  1 
worked  in  Butte  county  there  until  1879  and  with  i 
wagons  and  teams  came  to  Camas  prairie  in  that  year, 
passing  through  southern  Oregon,  Walla  Walla,  and 
Lewiston.  He  took  a  preemption  and  homesteaded 
where  he  now  dwells,  about  four  miles  southwest  from 
Denver.  He  erected  the  first  house  between  Cotton- 
wood  and  Grangeville  on  the  prairie,  and  Cottonwood 
was  simply  a  stage  station.  Mr.  Meyer  has  devoted 
himself  to  his  business  with  an  energy  and  skill  that 
have  given  him  abundant  success,  for  he  now  owns  six 
hundred  and  ninety  acres  of  fine  land,  has  nearly  a 
hundred  head  of  cattle,  raises  annually  one  hundred 
and  fifty  head  of  hogs,  besides  other  stock.  A  com- 
modious and  handsome  residence  of  eleven  rooms  and 
all  modern  conveniences  is  the  family  dwelling  and  all 
the  estate  is  improved  in  a  becoming  manner.  Mr, 
Meyer  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Herman 
C.,  Catherine  R.,  Ratchgen,  Margaret. 

On  December  21,  1884,  Mr.  Meyer  married  Mis 
Minnie,  daughter  of  John  H.  and  Sophie  (Rathe) 
Von  Berg,  natives  of  Hanover  and  born  on  January  8, 
1840,  and  June  13,  1842,  respectively.  The  father 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1848  with  his  parents 
and  settled  in  Cook  county,  Illinois,  and  in  1880  he 
came  to  Camas  prairie  where  he  is  farming  and  n 
ing  stock.  Mrs.  Meyer  was  born  in  Cook  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  December '15,  1862  and  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  Henry  F.,  Emma, 
Mathilda,  Anna,  Addie,  Emilia  McGrane,  Helena 
Haager.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meyer  have  become  the 
parents  of  the  following  children:  Metha,  born 
June  26,  1888;  Sophie,  born  July  26,  1890;  Fra 
born  September  ro,  1892;  Carl,  born  September  17, 
1894;  Alvina,  born  July  19,  1900.  Mr.  Meyer  is  a 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


493 


strong  Republican  and  was  county  commissioner  from 
"  >o  to  1892.  In  1902  he  was  candidate  on  his  ticket 
for  the  state  legislature  from  Idaho  county  and  lacked 
only  two  votes  of  winning  the  day.  Me  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  a  prominent  and  capable  man  of 
excellent  standing. 


ALONZO  Z.  RHOADES  is  interested  in  agricul- 

re  and  also  in  business  in  Denver  where  he  owns  an 

interest  in  the  meat  market  and  also  owns  half  of  the 

livery  barn  with  his  brother.    He  was  born  in  Mercer 

inty,  Missouri,  on  February  21,  1868,  the  son  of 
Daniel  B.  and  Elizabeth  (Odneal)  Rhoades,  natives  of 
Missouri  and  born  in  1832  and  1834,  respectively.  The 
father's  parents  were  pioneers  in  Kentucky  with  Dan- 
iel Boone  and  came  to  Missouri  in  an  early  day.  He 

ic  to  California  in  1850  with  other  members  of  the 
family  and  settled  in  Sacramento  valley.  Later  he  re- 

ned  to  Missouri,  via  the  isthmus,  and  then  went 
Aack  to  California  in  1875.  In  1880,  he  came  to  Spo- 
kane and  in  1895,  to  Green  creek  and  took  land  which 
as  sold  later ;  he  dwells  on  the  little  Salmon  now.  The 
other  died  in  1875.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Mis- 
souri and  Washington  and  received  a  good  education. 
When  twenty-two  he  went  to  do  for  himself  and  in 
395  he  took  a  home  on  Green  creek,  which  he  still 
wns  and  utilizes  for -general  crops  and  stock  raising. 
Mr.  Rhoades  built  a  fine  residence  and  good  barn  in 
Denver,  in  which  town  he  now  resides.  He  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters,  Rushia,  Lafayette,  Lee, 
Jay,  Oscar,  Eria,  Underwood,  Bertha  Howell,  Bert 
and  Maud. 

On  November  14,  1897,  Mr.  Rhoades  married  Miss 
Clemmy  S..  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Gorilla  J.  Zehner, 
who  are  mentioned  in  this  work.  Mrs.  Rhoades  was 
born  in  Christian  county,  Missouri,  on  January  20, 
1878.  To  this  marriage  there  have  been  born  the  fol- 
lowing children,  Cecil,  born  October  2,  1901,  and  died 
January  2,  1902 ;  Eldred,  born  February  2,  1903.  Mr. 
nd  Mrs.  Rhoades  are  Democrats  of  the  Jeffersonian 
type  and  well  informed  upon  the  issues  of  the  day. 
They  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 


WILLIAM  CORAM  has  a  fine  estate  of  one  sec- 
tion of  land  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  which  lies 
about  seven  miles  north  from  Grangeville.  He  devotes 
his  attention  to  general  farming  and  to  raising  stock 
and  is  very  succesful,  being  counted  one  of  the  leading 
property  owners  of  the  prairie. 

William  Coram  was  born  in  Bristol,  England,  on 
March  29,  1844,  the  son  of  William  Coram.  He  came 
vith  his  brother  and  parents  to  Hamilton,  Canada,  and 
soon  went  thence  to  Dawn.  The  mother  died  when  he 
was  small.  In  1864,  our  subject  went  to  New  York 
city  and  thence  via  Nicaraugua  to  San  Francisco.  He 
arrived  in  that  city,  January,  1865.  Then  he  engaged 
in  steamboat  engineering  and  followed  it  until  1868,  in 
which  year  he  came  to  Mt.  Idaho.  He  at  once  went  to 


is  and  continued  there  and  in  packing 
:.  He  was  mining  at  Florence  when  a 
friendly  squaw  came  and  told  them  of  the  outbreak  and 
with  fourteen  companions,  Mr.  Coram  volunteered  to 
fight  the  Indians.  This  was  June  14,  1877,  and  they 
then  went  to  Slate  creek.  On  the  sixteenth  they  came 
to  Mt.  Idaho  and  our  subject  went  with  the  soldiers  to 
the  skirmish  on  Whitebird,  the  first  of  the  war,  where 
several  soldiers  and  citizens  were  killed.  While  there, 
a  woman  came  from  the  brush  carrying  an  infant,  and 
it  proved  to  be  Mrs.  Belle  Benedict  and  the  child  is 
now  Mrs.  Addie  Brown.  Mr.  Coram  caught  a  loose 
horse  and  brought  them  to  Grangeville.  He  then  took 
a  trip  to  Lawyer's  canyon  and  then  one  to  Cottonwood. 
On  the  latter  trip  they  found  H.  C.  Brown  and  his  wife 
hid  in  the  brush.  These  were  rescued  and  in  all  these 
undertakings,  Mr.  Coram  faced  great  danger.  After 
the  war  he  returned  to  the  mines  and  in  1884  came  out 
of  the  mines  and  entered  in  partnership  with  his  brother 
and  they  purchased  their  present  place.  They  are  pros- 
perous and  do  a  large  business,  handling  stock  and 
farming.  Mr.  Coram  started  in  life  with  no  means 
and  his  success  is  entirely  due  to  his  own  energy  and 
skill.  He  has  endured  great  hardship  in  the  various 
frontier  experiences,  which  have  been  plentiful  in  his 
life  and  he  has  faced  them  all  with  fortitude  and  cour- 
age. He  has  packed  his  blankets  over  the  snows  of 
the  mountains  and  faced  the  savages,  and  wrought  in 
many  places  and  ways  for  general  advancement  and  to 
open  up  the  country.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Coram 
is  a  Democrat,  but  is  independent  in  his  decisions. 


JOHN  H.  VON  BARGEN  is  one  of  the  early  pio- 
neers of  Idaho  county  and  has  labored  here  with  faith- 
fulness and  sagacity  for  its  upbuilding  and  improve- 
ment and  his  industry  and  thrift  have  given  to  him  the 
meed  of  a  good  holding  in  substantial  property  and 
placed  him  as  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  county. 
He  was  born  in  Dornbusch,  Hanover,  Germany,  on 
July  7,  1851,  the. son  of  Koepke  and  Rebecca  (Schlicht- 
ing)  von  Bargen,  born  in  1820  and  April  10,  1824,  re- 
spectively, both  being  native  to  Hanover.  The  father 
was  an  ocean  sailor  and  captain  later  of  a  river  boat. 
He  died  in  September,  1872.  The  mother  died  in  May, 
1900,  in  Hamburg.  Our  subject  was  well  educated  in 
his  native  land  and  soon  began  operations  on  the  river 
Elbe ;  five  years  later,  being  nineteen,  he  went  to  sea, 
visiting  England,  Brazil,  Spain,  Chile,  and  other  coun- 
tries. In  1878  he  left  the  ocean  and  became  captain  of 
a  craft  on  Lake  Alstar,  Germany.  In  1880,  he  came 
to  America  and  soon  found  his  way  to  Camas  prairie 
where  his  brother  Herman  was.  He  took  a  homestead 
and  at  once  began  farming  and  stock  raising.  To  these 
related  occupations  he  has  given  his  attention  since  and 
has  been  prospered.  He  turns  off  annually  about  one 
hundred  and  twenty-ive  hogs  and  a  number  of  cattle. 
His  farm  is  well  improved  and  his  residence  is  of  eight 
rooms  and  modern  in  every  respect.  When  Mr.  von 
Bargen  settled  on  his  place,  now  about  four  miles 
southwest  from  Denver,  the  country  was  new  and  his 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


wife  was  the  only  woman  in  many  miles.  Mr.  von 
Bargen  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters, 
Mary  Jaenke,  Peter,  Herman,  August. 

On  November  27,  1877,  Mr.  von  Bargen  married 
Miss  Anna  H.  C,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Anna  C. 
(Dickoff)  Schiviebert.  The  father,  who  was  born  in 
1824,  in  Rottenburg,  Hanover,  was  a  carpenter  and 
cabinet  maker.  He  moved  to  Harburg  in  1865  and  died 
there  in  1867.  The  mother  was  born  on  September  8, 
1821,  in  Rottenburg,  and  died  September,  1901.  Mrs. 
von  Bargen  was  born  in  Rottenburg.  on  September  18, 
1851,  and  had  one  sister,  Marie  Stroemer,  who  died  in 
Harburg.  Germany.  The  following  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs  von  Bargen,  Anna,  deceased; 
Peter,  born  February  17,  1880,  now  deceased;  Ru- 
dolph, born  September  12,  1882,  now  deceased;  Henry, 
born  October  30,  1884.  Mr.  von  Bargen  and  his  wife 
are  active  Republicans,  while  he  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O  O.  F.,  and  she  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


THOMAS  W.  BALES  &  ROBERT  H.  JONES. 
In  mentioning  the  salient  points  in  the  careers  of  these 
well  known  and  leading  business  men  of  Idaho  county, 
we  desire  to  particularly  note  the  items  of  importance 
in  their  individual  lives  and  then  relate  together  the 
labors  of  the  partnership. 

Thomas  W.  Bales  was  born  in  Greenfield,  Mis- 
souri, on  August  28,  1872,  the  son  of  Stephen  H.  and 
Matilda  C.  (White)  Bales,  natives  of  Indiana  and 
Tennessee,  respectively.  They  now  both  live  near 
Greenfield,  Missouri,  aged  fifty-seven,  and  fifty-eight, 
respectively.  Thomas  W.  attended  the  public  schools 
and  then  spent  three  years  in  the  Ozark  college.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen,  he  came  west  on  account  of  poor 
health.  He  weighed  ninety-seven  pounds  when  he 
landed  in  Whitman  county,  Washington,  but  now  tips 
the  beam  at  two  hundred  and  seven  pounds.  He  soon 
engaged  in  farming  in  Washington  and  remained  there 
until  he  came  to  Camas  prairie  in  1891.  Then  he  took 
up  stock  raising  on  the  Snake  and  did  well.  This  was 
continued  until  1899,  when  the  partnership  was  formed. 

Robert  H.  Jones  was  born  on  a  farm  one  mile  north 
from  Grangeville.  on  August  28,  1872,  the  son  of  Seth 
and. Jane  (Castle)  Jones,  of  Grangeville.  He  attended 
the  home  schools  until  1890,  when  he  went  east  to  Lom- 
bard university  in  Galesburg,  Illinois,  where  he  took  a 
three-year  course.  Upon  his  return  here  he  bought 
and  sold  stock,  and  did  real  well  on  several  train  loads 
that  he  shipped  to  Chicago.  On  October  9,  1895,  Mr. 
Jones  married  Miss  Jessie,  daughter  of  John  and  Jane 
Pollock  of  Lewiston,  Illinois.  Mrs.  Jones  died  Febru- 
ary II,  1897.  at  ner  °'d  home  in  Illinois,  leaving  one 
child  five  months  old,  Lillie  Esther.  On  November  9, 
1900,  Mr.  Jones  married  a  second  time  and  on  this  oc- 
casion Miss  Pearl  Bales,  the  sister  of  his  partner,  be- 
came his  wife.  She  died  January  3,  1901,  at  Boise, 
Idaho,  where  she  was  taken  for  treatment,  leaving  one 
child  three  weeks  old,  named  Holland  Robert.  Mr. 
Jones  has  his  children  living  with  him. 

In  1899,  Mr.  Bales  and  Mr.  Jones  engaged  in  part- 


nership in  the  stock  business  on  the  Salmon  river  and 
prosperity  attended  them  in  every  detail,  having  in 
December,  1902,  sold  their  large  holdings  there  for, 
twenty-seven  thousand  dollars.  In  December,  1901,, 
they  had  bought  their  present  place,  a  mammoth  es- 
tate of  about  fifteen  hundred  acres  eight  miles  north 
from  Grangeville.  It  is  all  choice  land  and  is  one  of  the: 
best  stock  farms  in  the  ^entire  country.  They  have  a 
good  residence,  excellent  outbuildings,  orchard,  and  a 
barn,  second  to  none  in  the  county.  They  do  a  general 
farming  business  and  raise  cattle  and  hogs.  They  are 
raising,  buying  and  shipping  more  stock  than  any  other 
firm  in  the  entire  northern  part  of  the  state  and  are  verit- 
able leaders  in  the  stock  business.  Mr.  Bales  and  Mr. 
Jones  are  wide  awake  business  men  of  ability  and  are  of 
the  best  standing,  being  young  men  to  whom  great  credit 
is  to  be  given  for  the  financial  success  that  they  have 
achieved.  Beginning  in  the  battle  of  life  without  any 
property  at  all,  they  have  steadily  risen,  by  reason  of 
sagacity  and  industry,  to  be  leaders  in  this  stock  coun- 
try and  are  the  recipients  of  the  esteem  and  good  will 
of  all.  They  were  born  on  the  same  date  and  have 
made  an  excellent  showing  in  their  careers. 

Mr.  Jones  is  to  be  commended  for  the  manner  in 
which  he  has  cared  for  his  motherless  children. 
Through  his  struggles  he  has  at  all  times  kept  his  chil- 

after  their  welfare. 


HERMAN  VON  BARGEN.  Among  the  worthy 
pioneers  who  assisted  to  open  up  Idaho  county  and 
bring  it  to  its  present  state  of  prosperity  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  who  is 
now  one  of  the  heavy  real  estate  owners  of  the  county 
and  a  leading  and  capable  citizen. 

Herman  von  Bargen  was  born  in  Dornbusch,  Ger- 
many, on  September  28,  1855,  tne  son  ot  Koepke  and 
Rebecca  (Schlichting).  von  Bargen,  who  are  men- 
tioned in  another  portion  of  this  work.  He  was 
brought  up  and  educated  in  his  native  place  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  he  was  eighteen.  In 
1873  he  bade  farewell  to  the  home  circle  and  his  na- 
tive land  and  came  thence  to  America.  He  settled  for 
a  year  in  Minnesota  and  then  went  to  Butte  county, 
California,  where  he  farmed  until  1879  when  he  came 
with  seven  companions  overland  by  way  of  Goose  lake, 
Canyon  City,  Walla  Walla  and  Lewiston  to  Idaho 
county.  He  took  a  timber  claim  and  a  pre-emption 
on  Camas  prairie  and  at  once  inaugurated  action  in 
farming  and  raising  stock.  Prosperitv  came  to  re- 
ward his  industry  and  skill  in  labor :  in  iSg6  he  bought 
another  quarter  section  and  in  1900  still  another  quar- 
ter, making  him  a  magnificent  estate  of  one  entire 
section.  This  is  well  improved  and  is  a  model  farm. 
He  has  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  hogs  'to  turn  off 
annually,  raises  sixty  head  of  cattle  and  owns  about  a 
score  of  horses.  Mr.  von  Bargen  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial men  of  the  county  and  a  leader  in  his  line  of  labor. 

On  November  29,  1889,  Mr.  von  Bargen  married 
Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Anna  (Dierks) 
Dierks,  natives  of  Germany.  The  father  was  born  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


September,  1824,  and  died  in  December,  1865.  The 
mother  was  born  on  January  20,  1834,  and  died  on 
January  24,  1879.  Mrs.  von  Barren  was  born  in 
Herrenburg,  near  Lubeck,  Germany,  on  October  8, 
1864,  and  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  John  H., 
Caroline  Wortmann,  Catherine  Timermann.  Four 
children  have  been  the  fruit  of  this  union,  named  as 
follows,  Mathilda,  born  July  5,  1893;  Clara,  born 
:  April  21,  1895;  Otto,  born  August  9,  1897;  Walter, 
born  September  3,  1899.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  von  Bargen 
are  true  blue  Republicans  and  well  posted  in  the 
questions  of  the  day.  He  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  they  both  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


I  •    MOSES  H.  RICE.    Among  the  very  first  to  enter 
the  region  now  embraced  in  Idaho  county  and  one  who 
has  continued  in  this  section  in  labors  for  its  unbuilding 
and   advancement   since,    it   is   fitting   that    Mr.    Rice 
?  should  be  granted  especial  mention  among  the  worthy 
f  pioneers  who  came  and  opened  the  way  for  civiliza- 
tion to  follow. 

f       Moses  H.  Rice  was  born  in  La  Porte  county,  In- 
i  diana,  on  March  23,   1836,  the  son  of  James  E.  and 
i  Nancy  (Bear)  Rice.     The  father  was  born  in  Canada, 
on  February  18,  1812,  and  came  to  the  United  States 
when  quite  young.     He  lived  in  Indiana  and  Missouri 
|  and  in  1844  came  to  the  Willamette  valley  over  the 
Whitman   trail   and  with   the  second  emigrant  train. 
|  He  settled  three  miles  south  of  Hillsboro  in  Washing- 
I  ton  county  and  took  a  section  as  a  donation  claim  and 
remained  "there  until  1858  when  he  removed  to  Doug- 
I  las  county,  whence  he  went  in  1887  to  Camas  prairie. 
I  In  this  last  place  he  remained  until  his  death.     The 
I  mother  was  born  in  1818  in  Ohio  and  died  on  Septem- 
Iber  4,  1902,  at  Mt.  Idaho.     Our  subject  was  brought 
I  up  and  educated  in  the  Willamette  valley  and  remained 
with  his  parents  until  1858.     Then  he  went  to  do  for 
himself  and  made  his  first  move  to  Walla  Walla  and 
•   there  remained  until  1861  when  he  was  with  the  rush 
S  into  the   Florence   country.     After  one  year  digging 
for  gold  he  went  to  packing  and  packed  from  Lewis- 
ton,  the  supply  point,  to  all  the  principal  mining  camps 
tributary  to  it.     This  continued  until    1865   when  he 
sold  his  outfit  and  bought  sheep.     Two  years  in  this 
I  industry   and  then   we   see   him   in    1867   farming   in 
partnership  with  Mr.  Sam  Phiney  at  Lapwai,  contin- 
uing until  1873.     In  1870  Mr.  Rice  took  a  pre-emption 
!  and  also  a  homestead  and  upon  this  land  he  made  his 
home  until  1896.     He  was  successful  in  farming  and 
raising  stock  and  in  the  year  last  mentioned  Mr.  Rice 
sold  his  interests  in  this  line  and  removed  to  Denver 
and    retired    from    more    active    business    to    enjoy 
the  competence  which  his  skill  and  industry  had  ac- 
cumulated.    At  present  he  is  dwelling  in  Denver.    He 
was  here  during  the  Indian  war  and  assisted  to  guard 
Mt.   Idaho,   being  one  of   the  volunteers.     Mr.   Rice 
I  has    the    following    brothers    and    sisters,    lohn    N., 
Charles  L.,  Russell  H.,  James  H.,  Frank  W..  Marga- 
ret Holbrook,  Ann  Harness,  Eliza  Ronn,  Nancy  Mc- 
Gee. 


On  July  28,  1872,  Mr.  Rice  married  Miss  Ellen, 
daughter  of  Alonzo  and  Rachel  (Bliss)  Leland.  Mrs. 
Rice  was  born  in  Portland.  To  this  couple  the  fol- 
lowing children  have  been  born,  Nancy  Bowman,  in 
]  Denver ;  Viola  Rhaat,  at  Stites  creek,  this  county ;  El- 
f reda  Hunt,  at  Lowe,  Idaho ;  Miles  H.,  in  Elk,  Idaho ; 
Bailey  F.,  at  Lucile ;  F.  Leland,  in  Idaho  county.  Mr. 
Rice  is  a  Republican,  is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer  As- 
sociation at  Grangeville  and  he  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  church. 


ALBERT  WEBBER  is  a  prosperous  and  leading 
stockman  and  agriculturist  of  Idaho  county  and  his 
estate  of  two  hundred  acres  lies  about  eight  miles 
northeast  from  Grangeville.  He  devotes  his  atten- 
tion exclusively  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock 
and  has  made  a  good  success  because  of  his  wisdom  and 
thrift.  He  was  born  in  Fond  du  Lac  county,  Wisconsin, 
on  August  7,  1857,  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
Webber,  natives  of  Germany  and  now  living  near  this 
son.  The  father  came  to  this  country  in  1856  and  is  a 
veteran  of  the  Civil  war.  Our  subject  went  with  his 
parents  from  the  na'tive  place  to  McCloud  county, 
.Minnesota  and  in  1871  the  family  went  to  Madison 
valley,  Montana.  In  1874  they  journeyed  on  to  the 
Willamette  valley  and  in  May,  1877,  "they  came  to 
their  present  place.  As  they  were  all  the  time  on  the 
frontier  our  subject  received  little  opportunity  to  ac- 
quire schooling  and  so  gained  his  education  from  per- 
sonal research  and  reading.  Mr.  Webber  has  one 
brother,  Lewis,  and  two  sisters,  Mrs.  Mary  Edwards 
and  Airs.  Matilda  Rumpf.  When  the  family  arrived 
in  the  Camas  prairie  country  and  barely  got  settled 
the  Indian  outbreak  came  and  they  suffered  the  loss 
of  all  their  goods.  Despite  this  misfortune  they  went 
on  and  are  all  now  possessors  of  good  properties.  The 
sons  went  to  raising  horses  in  partnership  and  since 
that  time  have  continued  in  partnership  and  are  lead- 
ing citizens  and  substantial  property  holders. 

On  March  4,  1885,  Mr.  Webber  married  Miss  Nel- 
lie, daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Allen,  natives  of 
Arkansas  and  Tennessee,  respectively,  and  now  living 
at  Harpster,  this  county.  Three  children  were  born 
to  this  union,  Ralph,  born  June  14,  1897;  Lena,  born 
March  2,  1899;  Mable,  born  May  14,  1901.  Louis 
Webber,  the  brother  and  partner  of  our  subject,  was 
born  March  24, 1866,  in  Fond  du  Lac  county,  Wisconsin, 
and  made  the  various  trips  with  the  rest  of  the  family 
did  and  is  now  living  adjoining  our  subject's  farm. 
He  was  married  on  February  25,  1894,  to  Oleva  Allen, 
a  sister  of  our  subject's  wife.  They  have  three  chil- 
dren. Arthur  L.,  born  March  24,  1895  ;  Mary  O.,  born 
December  31,  1897 ;  Ethel  N.,  born  March  18,  1900. 


ALBERT  C.  LANNINGHAM  with  Henry  El- 
fers  operates  the  Pioneer  livery  barn  in  Grangeville, 
which  is  the  leading  establishment  of  its  kind  in  the 
town  and  is  headquarters  for  some  of  the  stage  lines 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


coming  to  Grangeville.  Mr.  Lanningham  is  a  man 
of  thorough  business  principles,  handles  his  barn  in 
a  first  class  manner,  having  fine  stock,  excellent  rigs 
and  gives  careful  attention  to  the  comfort  and  con- 
venience of  his  patrons.  All  this  combines  with  his 
geniality  and  kind  ways  to  give  him  a  liberal  patron- 
age. 

Albert  C.  Lanningham  was  born  in  Plattsmouth, 
Nebraska,  on  November  28,  1861,  being  the  son  of 
Henry  and  Louise  (Cox)  Lanningham.  The  father 
was  crossing  the  plains  to  the  Pikes  Peak  country  and 
his  train  was  attacked  by  the  Indians  and  it  is  sup- 
posed that  he  was  killed  as  he  was  never  heard  from 
since.  The  mother  died  when  our  subject  was  small 
and  he  and  his  sister  were  taken  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Dolph, 
with  whom  he  stayed  until  he  was  fourteen,  gaining 
a  common  schooling.  He  was  in  Iowa,  Missouri, 
Minnesota  and  Kansas  and  in  1882  came  to  Idaho.  He 
took  a  ranch  on  Camas  prairie  near  Craig  mountain 
and  proved  up  on  it.  He  dealt  in  horses,  rode  the  range 
and  was  interested  in  stock  raising  until  1890,  when 
he  went  to  Spokane.  He  operated  a  livery  there 
for  a  short  time  then  went  to  the  coast  and  final- 
ly to  Postfalls  where  he  worked  in  a  shingle  mill.  He 
returned  to  Grangeville  in  1892,  worked  as  night 
watchman  for  a  time,  drove  the  Salmon  river  stage 
and  in  March,  1899,  in  company  with  Henry  Elfers, 
bought  his  present  business.  Since  that  time  Mr. 
Lanningham  has  devoted  himself  to  the  prosecution  of 
his  business  with  vigor  and  wisdom  and  has  had  the 
gratification  of  seeing  it  prosper  exceedingly. 

In  May,  1889,  Mr.  Lanningham  married  Miss 
Adelaide,  daughter  of  Henry  J.  and  Catherine  M.  El- 
fers, natives  of  Germany.  Mrs.  Lanningham  was 
born  on  the  Salmon  river,  in  Idaho  county,  in  1873. 
She  has  the  following  brother  and  sisters,  Henry, 
Katherine,  Mamie.  Four  children  have  been  born 
to  this  couple,  Clarence,  Laura,  Lester,  May.  Mr. 
Lanningham  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the  W. 
O.  W.  He  owns  mines  on  the  Salmon  river,  in  the 
Buffalo  Hump  country  and  in  other  localities.  Po- 
litically he  is  allied  with  the  Republicans  but  is  not  par- 
tisan. ' 


ED  JOHNSON  is  one  of  the  doughty  and  courage- 
ous men  who  have  pressed  into  the  wilds  of  the  coun- 
try to  open  it  for  settlement  and  in  his  labors  for  im- 
provement and  advancement,  he  has  manifested  great 
enterprise,  energy  and  skill. 

Ed  Johnson  was  born  in  Minnesota,  on  May  25, 
1874,  the  son  of  Ole  A.  and  Carrie  (Carlson)  Johnson, 
born  in  Norway  on  January  6,  1836,  and  in  Wisconsin, 
on  February  6.  1847,  respectively.  The  father  is  a 
mechanic  and  farmer  while  the  mother's  parents  came 
to  this  country  from  Norway  and  took  land  in  Minne- 
sota where  they  farmed.  Our  subject  had  little  oppor- 
tunity to  attend  school  and  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen 
he  contmenced  for  himself.  After  his  parents  came 
west  he  remained  a  time  with  them  and  in  1888  came  to 
Palouse  where  he  studied  some  more.  Then  he  worked 
in  the  sawmills  for  seven  years  and  on  January  31, 


1896,  he  located  his  present  place,  three  and  one-half 
miles  northwest  from  Kooskia.  He  has  devoted  his 
energy  to  subduing  and  improving  the  farm  and  has 
a  good  showing.  Eighty  acres  were  laid  under  tribute 
to  crop  last  year ;  he  and  his  brother  brought  the  first 
selfbinder  and  threshing  machine  into  this  section.  Mr. 
Johnson  has  thirty  odd  head  of  cattle,  some  horses 
and  colts ;  his  cattle  are  good  Shorthorn  grades.  His 
nice  orchard  and  good  buildings  make  his  place  one 
of  the  fine  ones  of  this  section.  He  has  six  brothers 
arid  four  sisters,  Carl,  Peter,  John,  Oscar  J.,  Martin 
J.,  Albert  A.  J.,  Martha  C.,  Ellen,  Mary  E.  and  : 
Clara, 

On  April  i,  1900,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss  Gus- 
tava,  daughter  of  Cyrus  E.  and  Mary  A.  (Daugharty) 
Kidder.  The  father  'is  a  sawmill  man  and  stockman.  He 
is  now  serving  as  justice  of  the  peace  and  is  a  veteran 
of  the  Civil  war,  serving  in  Company  G,  Nineteenth 
Wisconsin  for  four  years,  four  months,  and  two  days. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Johnson  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  on 
August  23,  1849.  ^rs-  Johnson  was  born  in  Missouri, 
on  April  29,  1883,  and  has  the  following  sisters,  Hattie, 
Martha  M.,  Cora  F.,  Vennie  R.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson,  Esther  C.,  on  De- 
cember 23,  1900,  and  Madoline,  on  May  11,  1903,  both 
in  Idaho  county. 


JOHN  W.  TURNER,  M.  D.,  is  one  of  the  strong 
and  prominent  men  of  northern  Idaho.  Without 
doubt  the  issues  of  life  and  death  are  more  intimately 
handled  by  the  medical  fraternity  than  by  any  other 
class  of  men  and  therefore  it  is  that  popular  sentiment 
demands  that  the  physicians  of  today  be  men  of 
ability,  probity,  unquestioned  integrity  and  thoroughly 
fitted  for  the  responsible  position  to  which  their  pro- 
fession calls  them.  It  is  well  known  that  Dr.  Turner 
fulfills  these  requirements  in  every  particular  and  his 
standing  is  unquestioned. 

John  W.  Turner  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  In- 
diana, on  February  12,  1861,  while  his  parents  were 
visiting  there.  His  father,  Andrew  J.,  was  born  in 
Indiana  in  1828,  settled  in  Iowa  in  1854  and  in  Kansas 
in  1856,  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas  Militia  and  is 
still  living  in  that  state.  The  mother,  Maria  L. 
(Whitson),  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1827  and  still  lives 
in  Kansas.  John  W.  was  raised  in  Miami  county, 
Kansas,  two  miles  from  John  Brown's  home.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  from  his  early 
days  began  the  study  of  medicine.  When  twenty- 
four,  he  secured  a  position  in  a  drug  store  in  Osa- 
watomie,  where  he  remained  two  years.  Then  came  a 
time  of  study  in  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  in  Cin- 
cinnati, from  which  he  came  to  Cottonwood  in  i88& 
when  but  four  or  five  houses  marked  the  place.  He 
returned  to  the  Institute  and  graduated  in  the  class 
of  1891,  taking  second  honors  of  the  class.  Dr.  Tur- 
ner now  came  back  to  Cottonwood  and  took  up  his 
practice,  since  which  time  he  has  continued  steadily 
with  ever  increasing  patronage,  which  at  the  present 
time  is  large  and  lucrative. 

On  April  n,  1883,  in  Indiana,  Dr.  Turner  mar- 


JOHN  W.  TURNER   M.  D. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ried  Mar}-  A.  Brown,  whose  parents,  George  L.  and 
Caroline  Brown,  were  born  in  Indiana.  Mrs.  Tur- 
ner was  born  there  also,  the  date  being  1859.  She  has 
two  sisters  and  four  brothers,  as  follows:  William, 
Norvetta,  Iva,  McClelland,  Cora  and  Walter.  Dr. 
Turner  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Frank, 
Andrew  J.,  Emma,  Margaret,  Florence,  Althea. 
Three  children  have  come  to  gladden  the  household, 
Eunice,  Maude,  Lloyd.  Mrs.  Turner  is  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  church.  Dr.  Turner  is  serving  his 
third  term  as  coroner  of  the  county  and  in  1896  was 
chosen  to  the  state  senate  and  while  there  he  made  his 
influence  known  for  salutary  laws,  being  the  advocate 
of  the  state  medical  examing  board.  He  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  first  board  but  on  account  of  a  tech- 
nicality the  law  was  declared  unconstitutional  but  the 
next  legislature  promptly  passed  it  and  it  stands  today. 
Dr.  Turner  is  a  member  of  the  state  medical  society 
and  state  board  of  medical  examiners,  and  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Idaho  advisory  council  of  the 
Eclectic  school  at  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago,  1893. 
Dr.  Turner  is  a  man  of  ability  and  sound  principles, 
has  the  confidence  of  the  entire  community  and  is  one 
of  the  leading  men  of  the  county. 


MAGNUS  J.  DURANT.  How  stirring  and  event- 
ful is  the  life  of  the  real  pioneer,  guide,  miner,  trapper 
and  with  what  interest  are  the  accounts  of  these  lines 
of  life  read  by  all  parties.  Could  the  events  in  the 
career  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  be  outlined  in  full 
they  would  doubtless  make  a  very  interesting  and  thrill- 
ing volume.  It  is  with  pleasure  that  we  append  a  re- 
view of  the  same. 

Magnus  J.  Durant  was  born  in  Muskingum 
county,  Ohio,  on  December  29,  1873,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam J".  and  Julia  (Longstreet)  Durant.  The  father  was 
a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war.  Our  subject  had  scanty 
opportunity  for  education  but  so  well  did  he  improve 
the  odd  moments  that  he  secured  a  good  fund  of  in- 
formation and  needed  training.  When  eighteen  he 
started  to  do  for  himself  and  worked  the  first  year 
for  ten  dollars  per  month.  In  1892  he  came  west, 
landing  in  Spokane  with  seven  dollars  as  his  cash  cap- 
ital. He  went  into  the  woods  and  at  that  work  and 
sawmilling  he  spent  nearly  three  years.  Then  we  see 
him  in  Delta,  mining,  and  in  1895  he  came  to  Brown 
creek.  Mr.  Durant  always  possessed  the  real  frontiers- 
man's spirit  and  he  soon  gratified  his  ambitions  by 
turning  from  mining  to  trapping  and  for  several  win- 
ters he  did  well  in  that  line.  He  caught  bear,  otter, 
mink,  beaver  and  other  game  and  continued  in  this 
fascinating  employment  until  1898.  On  June  2,  of 
that  year,  Mr.  Durant  bought  the  improvements  of 
another  man  on  his  present  place,  which  is  about  five 
miles  north  from  Gregg  on  Rattle  Snake  ridge  and 
he  at  once  began  to  improve  the  place.  He  has  spent 
much  of  the  winters  in  the  mountains  and  on  several 
occasions  his  knowledge  and  skill  in  these  mighty  bar- 
riers of  nature  have  been  brought  into  requisition  by 
tourists  and  he  has  guided  various  parties  through  the 


most  intricate  regions  of  the  Bitter  Roots.  He  has 
demonstrated  himself  a  trusty  and  skillful  guide  and 
doubtless  Mr.  Durant  will  lead  many  parties  in  these 
entrancing  mountains  as  he  is  more  widely  known. 

On  one  occasion  when  forty  miles  up  the  Wetass, 
Mr.  Durant  dug  a  canoe  from  a  pine  log  and  loaded  it 
with  provisions  and  attempted  the  dangerous  descent 
of  the  stream.  It  was  too  much  for  mortal  to  do  with- 
out accident  but  although  they  got  wet  and  suffered 
from  the  cold,  he  succeeded  in  getting  to  the  settlement 
below.  Mr.  Durant  has  six  brothers  and  four  sisters. 
His  farm  presents  evidence  of  his  labors  and  he  is  a 
man  of  good  standing.  Mr.  Durant  recently  guided  a 
party  through  the  Locksaw  and  the  Sellway  country 
and  he  is  a  typical  mountaineer. 

William  J.  Durant,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio,  on  January  15, 
1844.  He  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Sixty-second  "Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  on  September  7,  1861.  Being 
mustered  out  on  the  seventh  of  the  following  October, 
he  reinlistecl  on  January  i,  1863,  at  Hilton  Head,  South 
Carolina.  On  August  23,  1865,  ne  was  discharged  at 
City  Point,  Virginia.  During  this  time  he  was  in  a 
skirmish  at  Harrisburg,  Virginia,  later  he  was  guard 
for  an  ammunition  train,  after  which  he  suffered  from 
typhoid  fever  in  the  hospital.  Following  the  hospital 
days  he  joined  his  regiment  in  South  Carolina  and  took 
part  in  the  engagements  at  Norris  Island  and  Forts 
Wagner,  Gregg  and  Sumter.  Then  he  was  part  of  the 
victorious  army  that  figured  in  the  last  campaigns  just 
preceding  Appottomax  Court  House.  After  the  war 
he  returned  to  Zanesville,  Ohio,  and  remained  with  his. 
parents  on  the  farm  until  March  4,  1867.  On  that  date 
Mr.  Durant  married  and  began  operations  for  himself. 
Mrs.  Durant  was  born  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio,, 
on  August  22,  1843.  John  Durant,  the  father  of  Will- 
iam J.,  was  born  in  Alsace,  France,  in  February,  1809,. 
and  died  at  Zanesville,  Ohio,  on  August  21,  1891,  aged 
eighty-two.  This  venerable  gentleman  had  married 
Margaret  Zorn,  who  was  born  in  Alsace,  France,  in 
August,  1821,  and  died  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  on  Octo- 
ber 2,  1899,  aged  seventy-eight. 


JOHN  W.  CREA  is  one  of  Idaho  county's  substan- 
tial and  prominent  stockmen  and  agriculturists  and  is 
one  of  the  heavy  landowners  of  the  county  as  well. 
He  is  a  man  of  excellent  business  qualities  and  in  ad- 
dition to  his  business  mentioned,  he  is  a  first  class 
miller  and  has  wrought  in  this  capacity  much  in  this 
county  and  adjacent  sections. 

John  W.  Crea  was  born  in  Centerville,  Appanoose 
county,  Iowa,  on  April  12,  1859,  the  son  of  James 
Crea."  The  father  was  born  in  England  in  June.  1836, 
and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1852  to  dwell  with 
his  uncle  and  aunt,  the  well  known  family  of  Crea  in 
Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania.  When  twenty-one  he  came 
to  Appanoose  county,  Iowa,  took  a  half  section  of  land 
and  farmed  it  for  seven  years.  In  1864  he  came  to 
Harrisburg.  Oregon,  boug'ht  land  and  remained  seven 
years,  in  1871  was  in  Dayton,  Washington,  and  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1872  came  to  Camas  prairie.  Here  he  remained  until 
the  time  of  his  death  on  June  29,  1882.  At  the  time  of 
the  Indian  war,  he  assisted  to  bring  in  the  bodies  of 
Norton,  Moore,  Mrs.  John  Chamberlain  and  her  child, 
whose  tongue  had  been  cut.  Our  subject  was  brought 
up  in  the  various  places  where  the  family  lived  and 
was  also  an  attendant  at  the  school  in  District  No. 
2.,  from  which  the  schoolhouse  was  moved  to 
Grangeville.  When  nineteen  he  entered  the  Grange- 
ville  flour  mills  and  wrought  for  seven  years.  At  the 
time  of  the  Indian  war  he  joined  Company  B,  Second 
regiment  of  Idaho  Volunteers  and  was  guard  for  Mt. 
Idaho  and  Grangeville.  In  1883  Mr.  Crea  took  up  a 
half  section  west  from  Denver  four  miles  and  now  he 
has  over  a  thousand  acres,  owns  two  hundred  head  of 
cattle  and  other  stock,  besides  having  his  farm  well 
improved  and  owning  property  in  Grangeville.  In 
October,  1883,  Mr.  Crea  was  miller  for  the  govern- 
ment at  Kamiah  and  continued  until  December,  1886. 
In  July,  1 8*88,  he  took  a  position  for  the  government  at 
Lapwai  as  miller  and  continued  until  November,  1892, 
and  from  1897  to  1900  he  was  in  the  Denver  mills, 
but  during  all  this  time  Mr.  Crea  has  continued  his 
stock  and  farming  enterprises.  He  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Thomas  D.,  William,  James, 
Robert,  Henry,  Mary  Holbrook. 

On  February  14,  1882  Mr.  Crea  married  Miss 
Emma  V.,  daughter  of  George  L.  and  Mary  C.  (Mc- 
Lean) Bowman.  The  father  was  born  on  November 
I,  1832,  in  Augusta  county,  Virginia.  He  lived  there 
and  in  Indiana  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  his 
native  state  on  September  23,  1861.  Mrs.  Bowman 
was  born  in  Indiana  on  September  16,  1836,  married 
August  9,  1855,  and  died  April  2,  1879.  Mrs.  Crea 
was  born  in  Augusta  county,  Virginia,  on  September 
6,  1857,  and  has  two  brothers,  Francis  M.  and  Will- 
iam W.  Six  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, 
James  B.,  born  December  20,  1882;  Edward  B.,  born 
June  20,  1885.  and  died  August  21,  1890;  Raymond 
K,  born  August  14,  1887;  Rose  E.,  born  November 
10,  1890;  May  E.,  born  May  18,  1893;  William  J., 
born  July  28,  '1896.  Air.  and"  Airs.  Crea  are  Republi- 
cans and"  he  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the  M.  W. 
A.,  while  she  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church. 


HOLSEY  W1CKAM  lives  five  miles  north  from 
Grangevilie  upon  a  good  estate  which  he  has  caused  to 
produce  the  fruits  of  the  field  in  abundance  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  He  is  a  man  of  reliability  and  is  in  the 
best  of  standing  in  the  community.  lie  was  born  in 
the  vicinity  of  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania,  on  October 
14,  1850,  the  son  of  Holsey  and  Nancy  J.  (Alanning) 
Wickam,  natives  of  New  York.  The  father  came  to 
Pennsylvania,  then  to  Ohio,  and  thence  to  Miller  coun- 
ty, Missouri,  and  finally  to  Douglas  county,  Kansas, 
where  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Twelfth  Kansas  In- 
fantry and  served  until  his  honorable  discharge.  In 
1867  he  returned  to  Miller  county  and  there  died  in 
1878.  The  mother  was  married  in  New  York  and  is 
still  living  in  Miller  county,  being  ninety  years  old  and 


hearty  and  strong.  Our  subject  is  the  eighth  of  a  fam- 
ily of  twelve  children,  six  boys  and  six  girls,  seven  of  j 
the  twelve  now  living.  Our  subject  staid  at  home  and 
worked  with  his  father  and  attended  school  until  1872, 
then  went  to  Texas  and  the  next  year  took  back  a 
drove  of  cattle.  In  1874,  he  came  via  San  Francisco, 
to  Portland  and  on  to  Douglas  county.  In  1877,  ne 

he  removed  thence  to  his' present  place.  He  bought  a 
half  section  and  has  it  well  improved.  A  good  dwell- 
ing, fine  barn  and  out  buildings,  with  excellent  forest 
grove  of  ten  acres  besides  orchard  and  other  improve- 
ments make  the  estate  one  of  beauty,  comfort  and  value. 
On  March  13,  1888,  near  Lewiston,  Air.  Wickam 
married  Miss  Mary  S.,  daughter  of  L.  P.  and  Rachel 
(Baird)  Clark,  who  came  from  California  to  Lewiston. 
Mrs.  Wickam  was  born  in  1858  and  died  in  June,  1893. 
She  left  one  child,  Iva  F.,  born  February  4,  1889,  and 
is  now  living  with  her  mother's  parents.  She  is  re- 
ceiving a  good  education  and  is  a  bright  child. 


GEORGE  A.  COWGILL,  the  intelligent  and  lead- 
ing agriculturist  and  dairyman,  whose  labors  in  Idaho 
county  have  been  conducted  with  skill  and  enterprise, 
is  deservedly  classed  as  one  of  the  substantial  men  of 
the  county  and  a  real  builder  of  its  interests  and  wealth. 
He  was  born  in  Columbia  county,  Wisconsin,  on  Octo- 
ber 22,  1861,  the  son  of  Abraham  and  Esther  (Roberts) 
Cowgill.  The  father,  a  shoemaker,  was  born  in  England 
in  1820,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1853  and  settled 
in  Wisconsin,  where  he  did  farming  and  bred  fine 
stock.  He  owns  and  operates  the  Sunnyside  stock 
farm  in  Wisconsin.  The  mother  was  born  in  England 
in  1822  and  died  in  1866.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
Wisconsin  and  in  1885  graduated  from  the  North- 
western Business  College  and  Academy.  He  commenced 
to  teach  in  1880  and  continued  while  studying  in  the 
above  institution.  In  1885  he  went  to  Jordan  valley, 
Oregon,  to  visit  his  brothers  and  later  we  see  him  in 
Pendleton,  where  he  was  engaged  as  salesman  with 
Dusenberry  Brothers.  The  next  spring  he  took  up  the 
work  of  the  educator  at  Alba  and  for  three  years  fol-  . 
lowed  it  steadily.  He  had  charge  also  of  the  warehouse 
at  Warren,  near  Pendleton.  He  reamined  here  until 
1894,  and  then  quit  teaching  on  account  of  failing 
health.  After  this  he  came  to  Camas  Prairie  and 
bought  a  quarter  section,  where  he  now  lives  four 
miles  west  from  Grangeville,  later  adding  two  hun- 
dred and  eighty  acres  more.  He  at  once  took  up  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising  and  handles  thoroughbred .  Po- 
land China  hogs,  having  about  one  hundred- and  fifty. 
He  also  started  the  Eagle  Dairy,  which  he  has  made  a 
paying  and  popular  instituiton.  Mr.  Cowgill  handles 
the  business  with  skill  and  acquired  wisdom  of  the 
present  day,  while  his  untiring  care  and  modern  and 
improved  methods  give  the  choicest  results,  which 
have  made  his  products  sought  after  in  the  market. 
He  has  all  the  best  buildings  needed  in  his  work  and 
has  made  a  flattering  success.  Air.  Cowgill  has  four 
brothers,  William,  Thomas  R.,  Alark.  John  C.  F.  Mark 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Ore 


deceased   and   the  othe 


are   in   Malheur   county, 


t  January  29,  1893  Mr.  Cowgill  married  Miss 
Grace,  daughter  of  William  O.  and  Mary  (Argo) 
Warren.  Mr.  Waren  was  born  June  9,  1840,  in  Illi- 
nois, of  pioneer  parents.  They  crossed  the  plains  in 
1853  to  the  Willamette  valley,  settling  in  Linn  county. 
He  was  reared  and  educated  there  and  when  eighteen 
came  to  Lewiston  and  took  up  prospecting,  and  was 
one  of  the  original  discoverers  of  gold  at  Florence. 
He  did  mining,  raising  stock,  farming  and  so  forth 
at  various  times  and  now  dwells  at  Warren,  Umatilla 
county,  Oregon,  where  he  owns  half  a  section  of  land. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Cowgill  was  born  in  Bourbon 
county,  Kentucky,  on  February  5,  1843.  Her  parents 
were  pioneers  in  Missouri  and  later  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  whither  they  came  in  1852.  Mrs.  Cowgill  was 
born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  on  May  27,  1869  and 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Kate  McAlex^- 
ander,  Marion,  Bert,  Georgiana,  Fred,  lona.  To  this 
happy  marriage  there  have  been  born  four  children, 
Myrtle  V.,  born  May  19,  1894;  Clara  E.,  born  January 
=;,  1897 ;  George  D.,  born  September  5,  1898 ;  Norma, 
born 'March  26,  1901.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cowgill  are  solid 
Republicans.  He  is  clerk  of  district  No.  3  and  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  W. 


GEORGE  D.  SMITH,  one  of  Grangeville's  best 
known  and  most  substantial  citizens,  who  is  now  pro- 
prietor of  the  Wiltse  house,  a  leading  and  popular  hotel 
of  the  county,  is  certainly  entitled  to  representation  in 
the  history  of  his  county,  because  of  his  faithful  and 
wise  labors  here  for  its  upbuilding,  because  of  the 
prominent  place  that  he  holds  and  has  held  in  its 
councils  and  among  the  people,  because  of  his  own 
real  worth  and  integrity,  having  always  in  his  walk 
here  manifested  those  virtues  of  sound  principles,  in- 
tegrity, and  uprightness. 

George  D.  Smith  was  born  in  Roseburg,  Oregon, 
on  January  4,  1854,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Arthusia 
E.  (Lynn)  Smith.  The  father  was  born  in  England, 
February  12,  1824,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1830, 
was  in  Rochester,  New  York,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  La- 
porte,  Indiana.  In  1847  ne  came  to  the  wilds  of  Ore- 
gon with  ox  teams,  accompanied  by  his  brother  Will- 
iam. He  located  the  North  Umpqua  ferry  on  the  river 
of  that  name  and  took  a  half  section  donation  claim. 
Stock  raising  and  farming  occupied  him  and  on  Oc- 
tober 21,  1852  he  married  Miss  A.  E.  Lynn,  whose 
parents  were  natives  of  Germany.  She  started  across 
the  plains  with  them  in  1850,  but  her  father  died  of 
cholera  at  Ft.  Laramie,  Wyoming,  and  she  and  her  sis- 
ter walked  the  balance  of  the  way  to  The  Dalles.  This 
was  a  distance  of  sixteen  hundred  miles.  The  parents 
still  live  in  Roseburg  and  have  celebrated  their  golden 
wedding.  These  venerable  pioneers  and  worthy  people 
have  done  much  to  bring  civilization  in  and  bore  the 
burdens  of  the  day  without  a  mumur.  The  father 
has  been  probate  judge,  county  commissioner,  and 
president  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society  of  Oregon 


and  is  a  prominent  and  capable  man,  highly  esteemed 
by  the  people  and  of  excellent  worth.  Our  subject 
grew  to  manhood  in  Oregon  and  finished  his  education 
in  the  Wilbur  Academy  in  that  state.  He  spent  a  short 
time  in  California  in  1873  and  made  his  way  to  Idaho 
county  on  September  5,  1873.  Since  then  he  has  been 
one  of  the  leaders  and  builders.  He  engaged  in  stock 
business  and  in  1878  took  land.  This  was  near  where 
Grangeville  is  now  but  no  town  was  here- then.  Mr. 
Smith  continued  steadily  in  the  stock  business  until 
1897,  when  he  sold  out  and  opened  the  hotel  he  now 
handles  in  Grangeville.  He  also  owns  other  property. 
On  August  5,  1878  at  Roseburg,  Oregon,  Mr.  Smith 
married  Miss  Martha  J..  daughter  of  Harden  and  Iva 
J.  (Morton)  Davis,  pioneers  of  Oregon  in  1850.  They 
have  celebrated  their  golden  wedding  and  still  dwell 
in  Roseburg.  Mrs.  Smith  is  next,  to  the  oldest  of 
twelve  children  and  Mr.  Smith  is  the  oldest  of  twelve. 
She  has  seven  brothers  and  three  sisters  living,  all  in 
Oregon  but  John  N.,  an  attorney  in  Kansas  City.  Mr. 
Smith  as  four  sisters  and  five  brothers  living,  Lynn, 
Lee,  Nathan,  Ralph.  Thomas,  Mary,  Emma,  Helen, 
Grace.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Mason  and  has  been  master 
three  times  in  the  Grangeville  lodge.  He  is  also  presi- 
dent of  the  Pioneer  Association.  In  1884  Mr.  Smith 
was  nominated  for  sheriff  and  although  he  was  a 
strong  Republican  and  the  county  Democratic,  he  was 
defeated  by  only  a  few  votes.  He  has  been  supervisor 
of  the  Bitter  Root  forest  reserve.  Mr.  Smith  has  nu- 
merous mining  interests  and  other  property.  He  is 
one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county,  has  labored 
long  and  faithfully  to  bring  about  its  present  de- 
velopment and  prosperity  and  great  credit  is  due  him 


ROBERT  N.  WALKER  is  one  of  the  heavy  land 
owners  of  the  Camas  parairie  country  and  is  also  one  of 
the  leading  citizens,  being  a  good  substantial  man  of 
capability  and  integrity.  He  was  born  in  McDonald 
county,  Missouri,  on  March  30,  1852,  the  son  of  Robert 
F  and  Mary  (Falls)  Walker,  natives  of  eastern  Ten- 
nessee. The  father  being  in  the  Civil  war,  was  killed 
near  his  home  in  1864.  The  mother  died  in  McDonald 
county  in  1898.  The  following  children,  besides  our 
subject,  were  born  to  this  union:  William,  Hugh  L., 
Mrs.  Carrie  Browning,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Clark.  Mrs.  Martha 
E.  Davis.  Robert  N.  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 
native  place  and  when  fourteen  went  to  Fannin  county, 
Texas,  and  herded  cattle.  Returning  to  Missouri  in 
1871,  he  went  to  Monterey  county,  California  and  two 
years  later  returned  to  Missouri.  In  1886  Mr.  Walker 
jorneyed  to  Whitman  county  and  there  farmed  until 
1891,  when  he  came  to  his  present  place,  four  miles 
north  from  Grangeville,  and  bought  four  hundred  and 
forty  acres  of  good  land,  which  he  has  improved  and 
cultivated  with  skill  since  that  time.  He  has  one  of 
the  finest  farms  of  the  section,  well  cared  for  and  em- 
bellished with  fine  buildings,  and  other  valuable  im- 
provements, as  eight-room  residence,  good  wind  mill, 
plenty  of  running  water  which  is  piped  into  the  house. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  Walker  started  the  battle  of  life  with  nothing  and 
has  now  a  competence  for  the  balance  of  life,  the  result 
of  his  hard  labor  and  skill  in  management.  Mr. 
Walker  is  a  member  «f  the  W.  W. 

On  June  29,  1873  Mr.  Walker  married  Miss  Mary 
E.,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Cynthia  (Rice)  Prater,  na- 
tives of  Morgan  county,  Kentucky.  The  father  died 
July  4,  1896  in  his  eighty-ninth  year.  The  mother  was 
born  in  1820  and  still  lives  in  her  native  county,  well 
and  hearty.  Mrs.  Walker  was  born  in  Morgan  county, 
May  22,  1855.  Ten  children  have  been  the  fruit  of  this 
union,  Rosa,  deceased ;  Frederic,  Robert  O.,  Mrs.  Lulu 
Costly,  Cynthia  C.,  William  C.,  Hugh  C,  Lillian,  Nellie, 


JESSY  B.  THOMPSON  is  a  farmer  and  stock- 
man whose  well  tilled  and  productive  farm  lies  one 
mile  northeast  from  Tolo,  was  born  in  Wapello  county, 
Iowa,  on  July  15,  1865,  the  son  of  David  and  Marga- 
ret Thompson,  born  in  Indiana,  on  August,  1820,  and 
in  1827,  respectively.  They  were  pioneers  of  Iowa  and 
the  father  died  in  October,  1888,  and  the  mother  died 
in  1878.  Our  subject  remained  at  home  until  fif- 
teen and  then  went  to  Nebraska  and  dwelt  with  a 
brother.  He  entered  the  Methodist  college  at  York 
and  graduated  in  1885.  Then  he  came  to  Camas 
prairie  via  Pendleton,  Walla  Walla,  Lewiston  and  by 
stage  the  balance  of  the  way.  Two  years  later  he  took 
government  land  and  engaged  in  farming  and  rais- 
ing stock.  Later  he  sold  this  property  and  bought 
where  he  now  lives.  He  owns  a  quarter  section,  raises 
cattle  and  hogs  and  general  products. 

Mr.  Thompson  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters,  Oscar,  John,  Dan,  Amanda  Barton,  Mary 
Steers,  David,  Matheus. 

On  November  9,  1890,  Mr.  Thompson  married 
Miss  Melinda,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Martha  Feh- 
ner.  Mrs.  Thompson  was  born  in  Illinois,  on  July  12, 
1871,  and  she  has  four  brothers  and  sisters,  Lucy 
Mitchell,  William,  Wesley,  John  N.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Thompson  there  have  been  born  five  children,  Claude, 
born  May  8,  1892;  Maud,  born  February  14,  1894; 
Roy,  born  May  5,  1896;  Vera,  born  October  5,  1898; 
Winifred,  born  November  19,  1900;  Marvin,  born 
April  19,  1902.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thompson  are  active 
Republicans  and  are  well  posted  in  the  issues  of  the 
day.  He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W. 


HARRY  V.  MARKHAM  is  a  product  of  Idaho 
county  that  does  credit  to  his  birthplace  and  his  up- 
rightness and  enterprise  have  won  him  a  good  stand- 
ing and  the  confidence  of  the  people.  He  dwells  on 
a  farm  about  one  mile  north  from  Grangeville  and  is 
prosperous  in  his  labors. 

Harry  V.  Markham  was  born  on  the  farm  where  he 
now  lives,  on  October  29,  1868,  the  son  of  Nathaniel 
and  Fannie  (Smith)  Markham.  The  father  was 
born  in  Ohio,  in  1830,  and  crossed  the  plains  with 
ox  teams  to  the  Willamette  valley  in  1852,  settling 


near  Roseburg.  The  mother  was  born  in  Laporte,  In- 
diana, on  September  7,  1835,  and  started  across  the 
plains  with  her  parents.  The  father  died  in  Saint 
Joseph,  Missouri,  and  the  rest  of  the  family  came  on. 
Her  brothers,  Ernest  and  Marion,  took  charge  of  the 
journey.  She  married  Mr.  Markham  on  September  3, 
1855,  and  in  1868  they  removed  to  Camas  prairie  and 
settled  on  the  present  homestead.  Nine  children  were 
born  to  this  couple,  Frank,  Mary,  Alma,  Susan,  Amos, 
Harry,  Edith,  Robert,  Anna.  The  first  and  last  are 
deceased.  The  father  died  on  February  21,  1898,  but 
the  mother  still  lives  with  our  subject.  The  ances- 
tors of  this  worthy  couple  came  from  England.  Mr. 
Markham  was  an  upright,  capable  and  kind  man  and 
had  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  and  at  his  death 
the  Masons  buried  him,  he  being  the  oldest  Master 
Mason  here.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  here  and 
received  a  good  education  and  then  worked  for  a  New 
York  cattle  firm  on  the  Salmon  and  was  foreman  for 
seven  years.  At  present  Mr.  Markman  is  not  only 
engaged  in  farming  but  is  in  partnership  with  his. 
brothers,  Amos  and  Robert,  in  raising  stock  and  they 
have  a  goodly  herd.  He  also  owns  a  good  house  in 
Grangeville. 

On  October  5,  1890,  Mr.  Markham  married  Miss 
Mary  J.,  daughter  of  Charles  F.  and  Mary  (Loomis) 
Brown,  mentioned  also  in  this  work.  Mrs.  Markham 
was  born  in  Seward,  Nebraska,  on  October  23,  1870. 
Her  mother  died  when  she  was  two  years  old  and  an 
aunt  raised  her.  When  fifteen  she  accompanied  her 
father  to  Grangeville.  She  has  one  brother,  William 
G.,  and  one  sister,  Ada  F.  Keller.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Markham  have  four  children,  Allan  R.,  born  Sep- 
tember 25,  1891 ;  Addie  May,  born  January  5,  1895 ; 
Charles  E.,  born  October  3,  1897;  Oren  W.,  born 
June  24,  1900.  Mr.  and  Mrs  Markham  are  deeply 
interested  in  the  religious  and  educational  welfare  of 
the  community  and  are  upholders  of  all  moves  for  the 
general  advancement,  being  progressive  and  capable 
people. 


HENRY  T.  SMITH.  Among  the  pioneers  of  the 
Glover  country  we  should  mention  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  who  is  one  of  the  enterprising  young  men 
ready  to  take  hold  with  his  hands  and  perform  with 
his  might  the  things  to  be  done. 

Henry  T.  Smith  was  born  in  DeKalb  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  February  16,  1876,  the  son  of  Anderson  B. 
and  Fanny  (Ashby)  Smith,  natives  of  DeKalb  and 
Grundy  counties,  Missouri,  respectively.  The  father 
was  born  on  April  19,  1836,  and  served  two  years  in 
the  Second  Missouri  Volunteers.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Vicksburg  and  after  nine 
months  of  this  life  he  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  and 
was  released.  Mr.  Smith  had  a  brother  in  the  same 
prison  and  when  they  were  released  from  the  Chesa- 
peake bay  prison,  they  walked  almost  all  the  way  to 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  The  mother  of  our  subject  "was 
a  school  teacher  and  one  of  her  brothers,  William 
Ashby,  was  a  captain  in  the  Confederate  army.  Our 
subject  was  trained  in  the  district  school  and  then  by 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


his  own  exertions  he  put  himself  through  a  course  at 
the  Northwest  and  the  Wesleyan  colleges  in  Missouri. 
He  completed  these  courses  when  twenty  and  then 
spent  two  years  at  home.  After  this  he  went  to  Ok- 
lahoma, this  being  1898,  and  for  two  years  he  bought 
and  shipped  cattle  after  which  he  took  the  fever  and 
left  that  country.  We  next  see  him  in  Kansas  City, 
whence  he  came  to  Spokane  and  in  the  spring  of  1901 
Mr.  Smith  came  to  his  present  place  and  bought  the 
improvements  of  another  man.  He  has  devoted  him- 
self to  the  improvement  of  his  place  since  that  time 
and  in  time  will  have  a  beautiful  and  valuable  farm. 
Mr.  Smith  has  some  stock  and  is  preparing  for  fruit 
raising.  He  is  a  progressive  and  enterprising  young 
man  and  is  a  strong  advocate  of  good  schools.  He 
has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters,  Ernest  A.,  Ahira 
V.  J.  S.,  Beatrice,  Blanche.  Mr.  Smith  has  never 
left  the  charming  life  of  the  bachelor  and  single  handed 
is  fighting  the  battle  of  opening  a  farm  and  making  a 
home. 


DAVID  SCHNEIDER  is  a  man  whose  labors  and 
skill,  coupled  with  tenacity  of  purpose  and  pluck,  have 
placed  him  in  a  prosperous  condition.  He  has  a  good 
farm  about  three  miles  northeast  from  Westlake  and 
in  addition  to  opening  this  from  the  wild  sod,  he  has 
done  much  freighting  and  is  now  possessed  of  a  good 
property. 

.  David  Schneider  was  born  in  Russia  on  June  2, 
1850,  being  the  son  of  George  S.  and  Lizzie  (Schick) 
Schneider,  natives  of  Russia.  The  father  was  born 
on  January  19,  1818.  Our  subject  has  the  following- 
brother  and  sisters:  Kathrena,  Susie,  Fred.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-six,  Mr.  Schneider  came  to  the  United 
States  and  farmed  for  a  period  of  eleven  years  in  Kan- 


and  f< 


id  Washington.    In  1880  he  went  to  Los  Angeles 
time  he  was  in  hard  financial  circumsta 


tances 

there.  Although  anxious  for  work,  he  was  forced  to 
abandon  a  job  with  a  circus  on  account  of  the  rough 
crowd.  Later  he  secured  employment  and  then  came 
to  Seattle,  where  he  was  soon  engaged,  as  it  was  im- 
mediately after  the  great  fire.  He  worked  by  the  day 
for  a  time  and  then  took  a  contract  for  unloading  brick 
and  made  about  eight  dollars  per  day.  Later  he  was  in 
Tacoma  and  then  came  to  the  Palouse  country  where 
he  farmed  for  a  time  and  was  swamped  by  the  hard 
times  and  wet  of  1893.  He  clung  to  the  property  and 
traded  until  he  saved  some  and  at  the  opening  of  the 
reservation  Mr.  Schneider  removed  hither  and  although 
it  was  a  struggle  to  open  up  a  farm  and  care  for  a  large 
family,  he  succeeded  and  now  has  a  good  property.  He 
owns  twenty  cattle,  eleven  horses,  seventeen  hogs,  and 
one  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  grain.  He  has  com- 
fortable buildings  and  is  one  of  the  thrifty  farmers  of 
the  vicinity. 

On  January  8,  1883  Mr.  Schneider  married  Miss 
Caritine,  daughter  of  Chris  and  Lottie  Hagen,  natives 
of  Russia  and  born  on  August  26,  1835  and  July  21, 
1833,  respectively.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Marion, 
Kansas,  and  Judge  B.  T.  Broockett  officiated.  Mrs. 
Schneider  was  born  in  southern  Russia  on  May  3,  1863 


and  she  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Lottie, 
Katie,  John,  Lizzie,  Mary  Nettie,  Minnie,  Daniel, 
Lydia.  The  first  three  were  born  in  Russia,  but  the 
rest  were  born  in  Kansas.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Schneider 
there  have  been  born  the  following  children:  Clara, 
born  July  24,  1883  and  died  February  27,  1887 ;  David, 
born  March  15,  1885;  Samuel,  born  March  I,  1887; 
Mattie,  born  February  17,  1889;  Esther  R.,  born  Feb- 
ruary 15,  1893 ;  Mary'L.,  born  August  20,  1895  ;  Kassa, 
born  July  24,  1898,  and  died  May  22,  1899;  Herbert, 
born  April  ir,  1899.  The  first  three  children  were 
born  in  Kansas,  the  next  in  California,  the  next  in 
Washington,  and  the  rest  in  Idaho.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Schneider  are  adherents  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


HUGH  BRADY  is  one  of  the  thrifty  stockmen  and 
farmers  of  Idaho  county.  He  dwells  about  three  miles 
south  of  Denver  and  has  a  quarter  section  of  land 
which  he  acquired  by  homestead  right. 

Hugh  Brady  was  born  in  Clinton  county,  New 
York,  on  February  27,  1862,  the  son  of  John  and  Ellen 
(O'Mara)  Brady,  born  in  county  Cavin,  Ireland,  on 
March  12,  1835  and  in  county  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1841, 
respectively.  The  father  came  to  this  county  when 
a  child  with  his  parents  and  is  now  a  farmer  in  New 
York.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  and  educated 
in  his  native  place.  In  January,  1880,  he  left  for  Lead- 
ville,  Colorado,  where  he  worked  in  the  mines  for  two 
years.  In  1882  he  was  in  New  Mexico  and  railroaded. 
July  of  that  year  found  him  on  his  way,  via  San 
Francisco,  to  Oregon  and  Washington,  where  he  did 
railroad  work  also.  He  landed  on  Camas  prairie  finally 
in  1884.  After  working  out  at  various  employment 
for  a  time,  he  took  his  present  place  and  since  that 
time  has  devoted  himself  to  building  a  good  property 
and  making  a  comfortable  home  and  valuable  improve- 
ments. Mr.  Brady  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters :  Mark  T.,  William,  Phillip,  John,  Nora  E. 
Murphy. 

On  lune  27,  1895  Mr.  Brady  married  Miss  Lizzie 
M.,  daughter  of  Orren  and  Bidd'y  A.  (Johnson)  Bent- 
ley.  The  father  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1841  and  served 
in  the  Civil  war.  He  came  to  Kansas,  and  in  1884 
thence  to  Camas  Prairie.  He  now  lives  six  miles  west 
from  Tolo.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Brady  was  born  in 
Illionis  in  1847  and  now  lives  in  this  county.  Mrs. 
Brady  was  born  in  Illinois  on  February  20,  1878  and 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Hugh, 
Viola,  Leila,  John,  Ernest,  Minnie.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  this  couple,  Alta,  born  June  15,  1896 ;  Ray, 
born  March  15.  1898.  Mr.  Brady  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A. 


CHRISTOPHER  F.  KEEFER  has  not  been  in 
Idaho  county  as  long  as  some  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
of  this  section,  but  his  enterprise  and  stability  coupled 
with  thrift  and  uprightness,  have  made  him  one  of  the 
substantial  and  prominent  citizens  of  this  section.  He 
was  born  in  Stuttgart,  Germany,  on  November  6,  1867, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  son  of  Joseph  D.  and  Appolonia  D.(Pfaler)Keefer, 
natives  of  Germany.  The  father,  who  was  a  prominent 
man  of  his  section,  being  chief  of  police,  was  a  first 
lieutenant  in  the  Franco-Prussian  war  and  fought 
through  the  struggle  and  was  wounded.  He  came  with 
his  family  to  the  United  States  in  1887,  his  wife  dying 
in  Chicago  the  next  year;  he  returned  to  Germany 
with  his  daughter  and  there  died  October  24,  1901. 
Four  children  were  born  to  this  marriage,  Christopher, 
Mary,  Charles,  Amelia.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  various  places  he  lived  during  his  chilhood  and 
come  to  Denver  in  1891,  then  journeyed  to  Montana 
and  later  to  Spokane,  where  he  followed  the  butcher 
trade.  While  in  Montana  he  was  one  of  party  of  eight 
who  rescued  an  emigrant  train  from  the  Indians  in 
the  Big  Hole  basin. 

On  October  2.  1901,  Mr.  Keefer  married  Mrs. 
Luella  M.  Markham,  daughter  of  Myron  D.  and  Martha 
J.  (Love)  Greene,  natives  of  western  New  York.  They 
removed  to  Minnesota  and  then  came  to  Camas  prairie 
where  they  now  live.  Mrs.  Keefer  was  married  to 
Frank  Markham  February  14,  1886,  who  was  an  early 
pioneer  of  this  prairie.  He  was  born  September  3, 
1857  and  died  May  24,  1896.  He  took  the  homestead 
where  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keefer  now  live.  Four  children 
were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Markham,  Alma  Mable, 
born  May  n,  1887,  and  died  January  13,  1889;  Chester 
A.,  born' October  10,  1888;  Lora  B.,  born  August  10, 
1891 ;  Eunice  L.,  born  December  6,  1895.  Mrs.  Keefer 
has  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  Myron  D.,  Marion 
Augusta,  Mary  Isadore.  Mrs.  Keefer  was  born 
May  10,  1866,  in  Dakota  county,  Minnesota, 
was  educated  in  the  Hamlin  University  in  St.  Paul  and 
taught  for  some  years.  Mr.  Keefer  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,,  of  the  Maccabees  and  the  Redmen. 


HON.  JAMES  DEHAVEN  holds  the  position  of 
United  States  commissioner,  having  been  apointed  in 
1897  and  reappointed  in  1901.  He  is  one  of  the  leading 
atorneys  of  the  county  of  Idaho  and  has  manifested 
those  qualities  of  sterling  worth  which  coupled  with 
capability  and  carefully  acquired  erudition  have  given 
him  a  first  class  clientage  and  an  unexcelled  standing 
among  the  people. 

James  Deflaven  was  born  in  Humboldt  county, 
California,  on  June  18,  1854,  the  son  of  Jacob  and 
Elizabeth  (Wells)  DeHaven,  born  in  Ohio  in  1815  and 
1823,  respectively,  and  died  in  1863  and  1856.  The 
father  was  a  pioneer  in  California  in  1849  and  came  to 
Boise  basin  in  1863,  where  he  died.  Being  thus  early 
deprived  of  his  parents,  our  subject  was  reared  by  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  G.  C.  Barber  until  he  was  eighteen.  He  re- 
ceived a  good  education  and  then  started  for  himself 
and  when  nineteen  commenced  the  study  of  law.  In 
1876,  we  see  him  in  Lane  county,  Oregon,  and  two 
years  later  he  came  thence  to  Nez  Perces  county  and 
took  land  near  Genesee,  devoting  himself  to  the  basic 
art  of  agriculture  and  stock  raising.  In  1892,  he  could 
have  sold  his  property  for  twelve  thousand  dollars  but 
after  the  panic  and  flood  of  1893,  he  quit  the  following 


year  with  two  thousand  dollars  of  debt.  In  1886,  Mr. 
DeHaven  was  chosen  to  represent  his  county  in  the 
fourteenth  territorial  legislature,  which  enacted'the  code 
of  1887,  the  revised  statutes  of  the  state.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  1888  by  a  satisfied  constituency  at  which 
time  was  passed  the  Alturas  County  Bill,  which  was 
later  declared  constitutional  by  the  supreme  court 
of  the  United  States..'  Following  the  finan- 
cial depression  of  1894,  Mr.  DeHaven  went  to 
Lewiston  and  read  law  with  E.  O'Neill  and  continued 
there  until  April,  1896,  but  was  admitted  before  the 
supreme  court  in  October,  1895.  In  1896,  coming  to 
Grangeville  he  located  for  practice  and  here  we  find 
him  now,  having  continued  steadily  in  the  pursuit  of 
his  practice  with  an  ever  increasing  clientage  until  the 
present.  At  first  Mr.  DeHaven  was  associated  with 
Frank  E.  Fogg  and  later  with  Charles  H.  Nugent  but 
in  1901,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Charles  T.  Mc- 
Donald ;  in  April,  1903,  this  firm  was  dissolved  by  mu- 
tual consent. 

In  1884,  Mr.  DeHaven  married  Miss  Kate  H., 
daughter  of  Thomas  H.  and  Louise  F.  (Rouse)  Mason, 
the  wedding  occurring  near  Genesee.  Mr.  Mason  kept 
the  stage  station  on  Mason  creek  on  Craig  mountain  in 
1866  and  continued  until  the  Indians  drove  him  out. 
Mason  prairie  is  named  from  him.  He  was  born  in 
England  and  died  in  1902.  The  mother  was  born  in 
New  York  and  still  lives.  Mrs.  DeHaven  had  one 
uncle,  Harry  Mason,  who  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in 
1877.  She  was  born  in  Albany,  New  York,  and  has 
one  sister,  Nellie  Shilts,  in  Roseburg,  Oregon.  Mr.  De- 
Haven  has  one  brother,  John  J.,  United  States  district 
judge  in  San  Francisco.  Six  children  have  been  born 
to  this  couple,  John,  Harry  M.,  Ernest,  Mary,  Louise 
and  Francis.  Mr.  DeHaven  is  an  active  Republican 
and  in  1898  was  nominated  for  county  attorney  but 
went  down  with  his  party.  He  is  an  influential  and 
leading  citizen  and  an  upright  and  capable  man  and  at- 
torney. 


JOHN  A.  SWARTS,  familiarly  known  as  "Gov. 
Swarts,"  is  one  of  the  leading  and  capable  men  of  Idaho 
county  and  has  lived  the  life  of  the  pioneer  in  this  and 
other  western  localities  and  has  done  a  noble  part  in  the 
opening  and  developing  of  the  country.  He  was  born 
in  Frederick  county,  Virginia,  in  the  valley  of  the 
Shenandoah,  on  May  I,  1822,  the  son  of  Lewis  and 
Elizabeth  (Jones)  Swarts,  natives  also  of  Frederick 
county  and  born  March  i,  1800  and  1807,  respectively. 
The  father  was  a  companion  of  Daniel  Boone  and  died 
in  1855  ;  the  mother  died  in  1862  and  both  families  were 
pioneers  of  Virginia.  Our  subject  there  grew  to  man- 
hood, received  an  education  and  when  twenty-one  went 
to  Iowa,  later  he  was  in  Ohio  and  in  1852  came  across 
the  plains  with  his  wife  and  two  children.  He  arrived 
in  California  in  five  months  and  four  days  and  went  to 
mining  in  Nevada  county,  where  he  wrought  eighteen 
years.  He  did  well  and  in  1862  came  with  a  company 
of  California  miners  to  Florence.  He  wrought  two 
years  and  then  returned  home  where  he  remained  until 
1870.  Then  came  a  trip  to  Oregon  and  three  years 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


were  spent  in  the  Willamette  valley.  Next  we  see  him 
in  Idaho  county  where  he  took  a  half  section  of  land 
and  bought  more  where  he  now  resides,  six  miles  north- 
east from  Grangeville.  He  has  devoted  himself  to 
raising  stock  and  general  farming,  in  which  he  has 
prospered. 

On  Tune  12,  1845,  in  Mason,  Warren  county,  Ohio. 
Mr.  Swarts  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Lucas  and 
Maria  (Mason)  Le6nard,  natives  of  Maine  and  Ohio, 
respectively.  The  father  died  in  1832  of  cholera.  Mrs. 
Swarts  was  born  in  Warren  county,  October  24,  1828, 
and  has  two  brothers,  Francis,  deceased,  and  William. 
She  has  always  been  careful  to  minister  to  the  sick 
and  needy  and  her  skill  and  kindness  have  made  her  a 
veritable  ministering  angel  in  many  places  on  the  fron- 
tier, where  she  is  a  true  mother  in  Israel.  Mr.  Swarts 
is  the  oldest  of  four  children  and  the  only  one  living. 
Four  children  were  born  to  this  union,  Delia  Gelbach, 
in  Gfangeville ;  Bertha  Longs,  near  Grangeville ;  Theo- 
dore D.,  and  Marion  Calkins,  deceased,  on  the  Salmon. 
Mr.  Swartz  calls  himself  a  black  Republican  and  urges, 
as  the  reason,  that  he  has  been  out  in  the  world. 

During  the  Indian  war  Mr.  Swarts  was  here  and  the 
first  intimation  he  had  of  trouble  was  when  he  was 
hauling  lumber,  he  saw  an  Indian  riding  swiftly,  an- 
other one  following,  and  their  actions  aroused  his  sus- 
picions. Coming  home  he  found  Mr.  Fenn  had  been 
sent  by  Mr.  Brown  of  Mt.  Idaho  to  warn  them.  He 
unhitched  and  later  heard  horses  approaching  rapidly, 
which  proved  to  be  his  son  arid  John  McPherson,  who 
called  forcibly  to  him  to  get  to  Mt.  Idaho  at  once. 
Hurried  action  soon  made  them  ready  and  they  sped 
thence  as  fast  as  possible.  They  took  in  a  neighbor 
woman  and  could  see  as  they  journeyed,  flashes  of 
light,  which  proved  to  be  the  Indians  shooting  settlers. 
About  midnight  they  got  to  Mt.  Idaho  and  the  next 
morning  Mr.  Swarts  started  home,  meeting  Lena 
Bowers  on  the  way  who  told  of  the  awful  murder  on 
the  prairie  and  as  other  men  rode  up,  Mr.  Swarts  sent 
her  to  Mt.  Idaho  with  them,  then  also  returned  and  as- 
sisted in  caring  for  the  wounded.  Mrs.  Swarts  also 
being  skilled  in  nursing,  cared  for  the  wounded,  until 
Dr.  Morris  came  the  next  night.  Later,  when  Mr. 
Swartz  and  others  went  to  his  farm  to  see  about  the 
crops  and  goods,  a  man  rode  up  telling  him  of  the  mur- 
der of  the  volunteers  on  the  Cottonwood  and  they  all 
sped  to  Alt.  Idaho.  When  Maggie  Manuel  was  brought 
in  Mrs.  Swarts  set  her  arm,  while  she  told  a  straight 
story  of  the  awful  tragedy  and  how  in  coming  to  her 
mother  she  had  stepped  in  the  blood  with  her  bare  feet. 

Mr.  Swarts  is  a  genial  and  kind  gentleman  and  he 
and  his  estimable  wife  are  deserving  of  the  high  esteem 
and  respect  received  bv  them  from  all. 


FRED  TAUTFEST.  Russia  has  contributed 
many  of  her  sturdy  sons  to  make  excellent  citizens  of 
this  fair  Republic  and  among  this  number  we  mention 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  is  a  thrifty  and  well-to- 
do  farmer  dwelling  about  three  miles  northeast  from 
Westlake,  where  he  has  made  a  good  farm  from  the 


wild  land  taken  by  homestead  right  and  is  one  of  the 

Fred  Tautfest  was  born  in  Russia  on  October  24, 
1860,  being  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Sophia  (Huffman) 
Tautfest,  also  natives  of  Russia.  They  had  two  chil- 
dren besides  our  subject,  David  and  Jacob,  both  born 
in  Russia.  Our  subject  started  out  a  poor  boy,  made 
his  way  through  college  in  his  native  land,  then  came 
to  America  and  settled  in  Kansas  where  he  farmed  for 
seven  years.  Next  we  see  him  in  Oregon,  a  year  later 
he  came  on  to  Washington  and  after  working  at  vari- 
ous occupations  for  some  time  he  came  to  Idaho  coun- 
ty and  tok  his  present  farm  as  a  homestead.  He  has 
the  estate  all  fenced,  half  in  cultivation,  thirty-one  head 
of  cattle,  plenty  of  horses,  hogs  and  so  forth  and  good 
substantial  bui'ldings.  The  farm  is  supplied  with  fine 
spring  water  in  abundance  and  also  has  sufficient  tim- 
ber for  use  on  the  estate. 

Mr.  Tautfest  married  Miss  Katie  Fischer,  who  was 
born  in  Russia,  on  September  21,  1865.  The  wedding- 
occurred  on  December  13,  1883.  Mr.  Fischer  was  born 
in  Russia  on  March  15,  1843,  and  took  as  his  wife, 
Katie  Wagner,  who  was  born  on  October  12,  1844. 
Mrs.  Tautfest  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
Lizzie  Geis,  Adam,  John  C,  Mollie  Lawbach,  Jacob  W., 
one  of  the  Rough  Riders  in  the  Spanish  war  and  still 
in  the  service ;  Hannah  Dumler,  Mary,  Henry.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Tautfest  the  following  children  have  been 

cember  10,  1885;  Edward,  born  in  Kansas,  July  22, 
1887 ;  Benjamin  F.,  born  in  Albina,  Oregon,  February 
15,  1889;  George  W.,  born  in  Walla  Walla,  on  No- 
vember 27,  1891 ;  William  C.,  born  in  Walla  Walla, 
Washington,  on  May  12,  1893 ;  Elsie  M.,  born  in  \VaIla 
Walla,  on  April  6,  1895;  Laura  L.,  born  in  Idaho 
county,  March  12,  1898;  Melvina  L,  born  in  Idaho 
county,  May  20,  1900 ;  Katie  S.,  born  in  Idaho  county, 
May  23,  1902.  Mr.  Tautfest  is  a  strong  Republica'n 
and  also  a  warm  advocate  of  good  schools. 


JOHN  M.  &  FREDERIC  BERNTHAL  are  well 
known  and  prosperous  stockmen  and  farmers  in  Idaho 
county  and  their  present  home  is  on  their  larsje  estate 
of  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  one  'hundred 
and  sixty  acres  to  farm  and  the  rest  in  pasture  about 
three  miles  southwest  from  Denver.  Their  parents  are 
Frederic  and  Margaret  (Reiff)  Bernthal.  The  father 
was  born  in  Bavaria,  came  to  the  United  States  with 
his  parents  when  young  and  settlement  was  made  in 
Frankenmuth,  Saginaw  county.  Michigan,  where  he 
farmed-.  He  learned  the  trade  of  tailor  in  the  old  coun- 
try. Frankenmuth  was  his  home  until  his  death  in  the 
spring  of  1861.  The  mother  of  our  subjects  came 
to  America  from  Bavaria  with  her  parents  and  is  still 
living  in  Michigan  with  her  children.  John  M.  Bern- 
thai  was  born  in  Saginaw  county,  on  December  22, 
1855  an£l  there  was  reared  and  attended  school.  He 
remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty-eight  and  in  the 
fall  of  1883  went  tc  Texas  and  joined  his  brother.  Af- 
ter a  year  or  so  there,  on  August  r,  1885,  he  came  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Lewiston  and  two  years  later  came  to  Camas  prairie 
where  he  took  land.  Since  that  time  he  has  continued 
here  in  farming  and  stock  raising. 

Frederic  Bernthal  was  born  in  Michigan,  on  May 
18,  1858  and  like  his  brother  was  raised  and  educated 
in  the  native  place.  He  left  Michigan  in  1881  and 
went  to  Texas.  There  he  followed  the  bakery  busi- 
ness which  he  had  learned  previously.  He  remained  in 
Texas  until  1888.  On  December  15,  of  that  year  he 
landed  on  Camas  prairie  and  bought  out  a  preemption. 
He  at  once  turned  his  attention  to  farming  and  stock 
raising  and  since  that  time  has  continued  with  good 
success.  The  brothers  own  five  hundred  and  sixty 
•acres  of  land,  have  twenty-five  head  of  cattle,  raise  over 
fifty  hogs  each  year  and  are  prosperous  and  well-to-do. 
They  also  own  property  in  Denver.  They  have  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters:  John  W.,  Len, 
Mary  Berlein,  Maggie  Ruprecht,  Doering  Baldas, 
Jacob,  Adam,  all  in  Michigan.  Our  subjects  are  mem- 
bers cf  the  Lutheran  church  and  in  political  matters  are 
solid  Republicans  and  active  in  matters  of  general 
welfare. 


WALTER  HICKERSON,  of  the  firm  of  Hick- 
erson and  Hohaus,  hardware  merchants  of  Grange- 
ville,  is  one  of  the  well  known  and  capable  business 
men  of  the  county,  having  wrought  here  with  display 
of  energy,  stability  and  sagacity,  for  a  decade  and  being 
now  established  in  a  remunerative  business  which  is 
being  handled  with  manifest  ability. 

Walter  Hickerson  was  born  in  Harrodsburg, 
Kentucky,  on  September  16,  1870,  the  son  of  George 
D.  and  Maggie  J.  (Patterson)  Hickerman,  born  in 
Kentucky  on  December  25,  1846  and  June  26,  1852, 
respectively.  The  father  died  in  1880.  He  was  from 
Scotch  ancestry  and  his  father  came  direct  from  Scot- 
land to  Kentucky  in  an  early  day.  The  mother  of  our 
-subject  comes  from  Holland  Dutch  extraction,  her  an- 
cestors settling  in  New  Jersey  in  colonial  days.  She 
is  still  living  with  her  son,  Walter.  Our  subject  grew 
to  young  manhood  and  was  educated  in  Kentucky, 
completing  his  training  in  the  Harrodsburg  academy. 
At  the  early  age  of  fourteen  he  commenced  the  bat- 
tles of  life  and  when  eighteen,  went  into  a  railroad  of- 
fice in  Florida.  In  the  spring  of  1890,  he  left  Jackson- 
ville, and  journeyed  to  Denver,  whence  one  year  later 
he  came  on  to  the  coast.  Later  we  see  him  in  Palouse 
City,  Washington,  and  in  January  1892,  he  came  to 
Grangeville.  He  at  once  engaged  with  Alexander  and 
Freidenrich,  where  he  continued  steadily  until  June, 
1900,  when  he  entered  into  his  present  partnership  and 
opened  in  the  hardware  business.  The  firm  started 
out  well  and  have  done  a  good  business  since  that  date. 

On  November  29,  1896,  at  Grangeville,  Mr.  Hick- 
erson married  Miss  Cora,  daughter  of  George  and 
Margaret  (Frise)  Bingman,  of  German  extraction  and 
now  dwelling  near  Kooskia.  The  father  was  a  pio- 
neer here  and  endured  the  Indian  troubles  of  the  seven- 
ties. Mrs.  Hickerson  was  born  in  Michigan  in  1872 
and  has  two  sisters,  Mrs.  Ed  Cowley  in  Grangeville 
and  one  in  Ohio.  Mr.  Hickerson  has  the  following 


biothers  and  sisters :  Cliff,  Mrs.  Viola  Krakrow,  Jose- 
phine Graves,  a  half  sister,  Robert  Graves,  a  half 
brother.  Mr.  Hickerson  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W. 
and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Women  of  Wood- 
craft. Mr.  Hickerson  is  a  member  of  the  city  council 
and  is  an  active  Democrat,  always  attending  the  cau- 
cuses ;  in  1900,  he  was  sent  to  the  National  convention 
in  Kansas  City. 


CHARLES  F.  BROWN  lives  two  miles  south 
from  Grangeville  where  he  owns  a  fine  farm  of  a 
quarter  section,  raises  general  crops,  handles  stock  and 
also  operates  a  mill.  He  is  one  of  the  early  settlers 
here  and  is  a  man  of  industry  and  good  business 
ability,  all  of  which  have  been  manifested  in  the  years 
of  his  careful  and  wise  labor  in  our  midst.  He  was 
born  in  Green  county,  Wisconsin,  on  November  15, 
1846,  the  son  of  William  G.  and  Clarissa  (Bartley) 
Brown.  The  father  was  a  millwright,  born  in  Jef- 
ferson City,  Missouri,  and  in  1849  crossed  the  plains 
to  the  Golden  state  and  mined  on  the  Dutch  flat  until 
1879  when  he  came  to  Idaho,  where  he  died  on  Sep- 
tember 24,  1898.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio  in 
1817  and  died  in  March,  1899.  Her  father  was  in 
the  war  of  1812. 

Our  subject  went  to  California  at  the  age  of  thir- 
teen, accompanying  his  father  and  there  mined.  He 
enlisted  in  Company  D,  Seventh  California  Infantry, 
in  October,  1864,  and  went  to  the  border  of  Arizona 
and  New  Mexico  to  resist  the  French.  He  was  mus- 
tered out  in  May,  1866,  then  returned  to  Green  county, 
Wisconsin,  and"  came  to  California  again  in  1876. 
Three  years  later  he  came  to  Idaho  county  and  took 
land  where  he  is  now  located.  His  place  has  the 
first  mill  built  in  the  countv,  which  was  erected  by 
Peter  Walters  in  1868. 

On  November  22,  1877,  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss 
Almira,  daughter  of  Charles  M.  and  Almira  (Coch- 
rane)  Tuck.  The  father  was  born  in  Kennebec 
countv,  Maine,  in  1817,  of  English  parentage  and  the 
mother  was  born  in  Middlesex  county,  Massachusetts, 
in  1816,  of  Irish  extraction.  Mrs.  Brown,  who  was 
born  in  Penobscot  county,  Maine,  in  1849,  has  two 
sisters  and  one  brother,  Charles  H.,  Anna  Harper  and 
Martha  Pulman.  Mr.  Brown  has  one  sister  and  two 
brothers,  Fardelia  Michael,  Edwin  R.,  Franklin. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  William 
G.,  Ada  Keller,  Jennie  Markham,  all  in  Grangeville. 
Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  is  an 
active  Republican. 


BENJAMIN  F.  ZEHNER,  a  well-to-do  farmer 
and  stockman  dwelling  about  two  miles  northeast 
from  Tolo,  is  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  Idaho 
county  and  because  of  his  worth,  industry  and  public 
spirit  is  entitled  to  a  place  in  the  volume  that  gives  the 
history  of  his  county.  He  was  born  in  Lawrence 
county,  Illinois,  on  March  7.  1863,  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Catherine  (McHewen)  Zehner.  Tlu  father  was 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


born  in  Ohio  on  January  9,  1829,  and  died  on  May  3, 
1898.  The  mother  was  born  on  April  15,  1828,  and 
died  on  November  4,  1864.  Our  subject  was  raised 
in  Illinois  until  eight  when  he  went  with  the  parents 
to  Missouri  and  afterwards  to  Stone  county,  Arkan- 
sas. He  remained  under  the  parental  roof  until  he 
was  eighteen  years  old,  working  on  the  farm  and  at- 
tending school,  when  he  came  by  wagon  across  the 
country  to  Pomeroy,  Washington,  later  to  Lewiston 
and  finally  on  to  Camas  prairie.  The  first  year  he 
rented  and  then  took  forty  acres  pre-emption.  Since 
Mr.  Zehner  has  given  his  attention  to  farming  and 
raising  stock  and  now  owns  four  hundred  acres  of 
land  and  about  forty  head  of  cattle,  one  hundred  hogs 
and  other  stock. 

On  October  18,  1885,  Mr.  Zehner  maried  Miss 
Missouri  A.,  daughter  of  John  S.  and  Sarah  (Mat- 
hews)  Feaster.  The  father  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Tennessee,  on  August  9,  1821.  His  parents 
came  from  Pennsylvania  and  then  went  to  Benton 
'county,  Missouri,  where  he  was  raised.  He  married 
and  farmed  there  until  1864,  then  went  to  Arkansas 
and  raised  stock  until  1898.  Then  he  went  to  Mis- 
souri and  in  1902  he  came  to  Denver,  this  county,  and 
there  lives  at  the  present  time.  The  mother  was  born 
on  February  19,  1828,  and  died  in  1866.  Mrs.  Zeh- 
ner was  born  in  Benton  county,  Mississippi,  on  De- 
cember 8.  i86s,  and  she  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters,  Arthur,  William,  Mollie  Miller, 
deceased,  Nancy  E.  Derrick,  Marinda  Sturgis,  James, 
Tossie  Sowvel,  Alice  Baysinger,  Oma  Feaster,  Frankie 
Wall.  To  this  worthy  "couple  six  children  have  been 
born,  Jossie,  born  July  31,  1886;  Franklin,  born  De- 
cember 29,  1888;  Courtney,  born  Februai 

Vlay  19,  i 
and  Mrs 

stanch  Democrats.  They  are  estimable 
people  and  Mr.  Zehner  has,  because  of  his  skill  and 
careful  attention  to  business,  gained  a  fine  holding  of 
valuable  property. 


PETER  ASCHENBRENNER  has  displayed 
praiseworhy  tenacity  and  pluck  in  his  labors  and  has 
demonstrated  that  he  is  possessed  of  courage  and 
ability  to  surmount  obstacles  and  overcome  difficul- 
ties and  discouragements.  He  was  born  in  Russia,  on 
July  14,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Conrad  and  Kathrena 
(Haan)  Aschenbrenner,  natives  of  Russia,  but  now 
dwelling  in  Idaho.  The  father  was  born  on  Febru- 
ary 28,  1827,  and  the  mother  on  October  15,  1830. 
Besides  our  subject  they  had  the  following  children, 
Kathrena,  George  H.,  Cristena,  Philip,  Lizzie,  Con- 
rad, William,  Benjamin  F.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  without  means  our  subject  started  farming  for 
himself  in  Kansas  where  he  made  a  good  success  for 
seven  years,  then  went  security  for  another  and  lost  his 
hard  earned  property.  Then  he  came  west  to  Wash- 
ington, secured  land  and  again  took  up  life  as  at  the 
start.  He  prospered  for  awhile  and  then  the  wet 
year  of  1893  spoiled  all  and  left  him  broken  in  fin- 


•  29, 

Nora,  born  May  8,  1893;  Elsie,  born  May 
Hazel,  born  December  28,  1899.     Mr.  and  Mrs  Zeh- 


ances  again.  Not  to  be  daunted,  he  gathered  what  he 
could  together  and  came  to  the  reservation  and  se- 
lected his  present  farm  two  miles  west  from  Ferdi- 
nand. He  had  a  family  of  eight  small  children  and 
eight  dollars  and  fifty  cents  when  he  landed  and  the 
first  three  years  were  filled  with  great  toil  and  hard- 
ship. Mr.  Aschenbrenner  never  wavered  but  he  and 
his  faithful  wife  labored  on,  success  finally  crowning 
their  efforts.  They  have  a  fine  farm  now,  a 
seven-room  house,  good  substantial  outbuildings,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  in  crops,  fourteen  head  of 
cattle,  thirteen  horses,  forty  hogs  and  much  personal 
property. 

Mr.  Aschenbrenner  married  Miss  Charlotte, 
daughter  of  Christian  and  Charlotte  Hagen,  on  No- 
vember 3,  1880,  in  Marion  county,  Kansas.  Mrs. 
Aschenbrenner  was  born  in  Russia  on  August  22, 
1862.  The  followig  children  have  been  born  to  this 
worthy  couple,  Joseph,  born  December  13,  1881 ; 
Peter  E.,  born  September  n,  1883;  Hannah  M.,  born 
August  2,  1885 ;  Katie  L.,  born  April  i,  1887 ;  Clara 
E.,  born  June  6,  1889;  Daniel  B.,  born  March  27, 
1891 ;  William  J.,  born  December  n,  1893  ;  Reuben  H., 
born  January  6,  1895;  Eddie  H.,  born  June  6,  1897; 
Lottie  D.,  born  May  16,  1899;  Goldie,  born  August  15, 
1902.  The  first  four  children  were  born  in  Kansas, 
the  next  four  in  Washington  and  the  others  in  Idaho. 
Mr.  Aschenbrenner  takes  an  active  part  in  school  mat- 
ters, and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Adventist  church. 


FRANK  D.  VANSISE.  This  sturdy  and  in- 
trepid pioneer  and  Indian  fighter  has  had  much  to 
do  both  in  subduing  the  enemies  of  the  whites  in  this 
section  and  also  in  building  up  the  country,  being  now 
a  contractor  in  Grangeville,  where  he  has  wrought  for 

Frank  D.  Vansise  was  born  in  Huron  county, 
Ohio,  on  January  28,  1850,  being  the  son  of  David 
and  Olive  (Raymond)  Vansise,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  born  in  1815  and  1822  and  died  in  1857 
and  1870,  respectively.  The  father  who  was  of  Ger- 
man extraction  was  killed  by  the  bursting  of  a  cannon 
while  firing  a  Fourth  of  July  salute.  Our  subject 
grew  to  manhood  and  was  educated  in  Ohio.  The 
mother  kept  the  family  together  after  the  father's 
death  and  when  our  subject  was  sixteen  he  went  to 
sailing  on  the  lakes.  In  October,  1868.  the  family 
came,  via  the  the  Isthmus,  to  Portland  and  there  they 
bought  school  land  and  farmed  it  until  September. 
1871.  Then  it  was  sold  and  Frank  came  to  Camas 
prairie,  where  he  drove  cattle  to  Warren  and  did  butch- 
ering. Later  he  took  land  in  this  county  which  he 
afterwards  sold.  He  followed  his  trade  of"  building  in 
Mt.  Idaho  and  in  1885  settled  in  Grangeville,  where  he 


relt  s 


In  1878  Mr.  Vansise  married  Miss  Ettie  Fountain, 
whose  father  was  born  in  Oregon,  where  his  parents 
were  pioneers.  His  brother.  Dell  Fountain,  is  a  noted 
race  horse  man.  Mrs.  Vansise  was  born  in  Oregon  in 
1862.  Mr.  Vansise  has  one  sister,  Mary  Bartley,  in 


5o6 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mt.  Idaho.  Mr.  Vansise  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  has  passed  all  the  chairs,  was  a  delegate  to  the 
grand  lodge  at  Pocatello  last  fall  and  is  now  deputy 
grand  patriarch.  Mr.  Vansise  is  an  active  Democrat, 
always  at  the  conventions  and  has  held  the  office  of 
constable. 

In  the  Indian  war  of  1877  he  was  a  volunteer 
with  the  Mt.  Idaho  local  forces  to  protect  their  homes. 
A.  I.  Chapman,  who  raised  a  company  of  volunteers, 
had  an  Indian  wife  and  many  of  them  objected  to  his 
position  of  commander.  Consequently  a  petition  was 
gotten  up  among  them  and  presented  to  General  How- 
ard to  appoint  D.  B.  Randall,  a  veteran  of  the  Civil 
war  and  lieutenant  of  the  company,  commander. 
George  Riggins  and  our  subject  were  appointed  to 
to  take  this  petition  to  Howard  south  of  the  Salmon 
from  Mt.  Idaho.  They  sent  the  petition  to  him  from 
Whitebird  and  Randall  was  appointed.  This  was  July 
I,  1877.  The  next  morning  seventeen  volunteers  start- 
ed across  the  prairie  to  assist  Cottonwood  and  while 
on  the  way  one  hundred  and  forty-five  Indians  under 
chief  Joseph  came  up  from  the  gulches  on  the  south 
and  attacked  the  seventeen.  Mr.  Vansise's  horse  was 
shot  from  under  him  and  H.  C.  Johnson  took  him 
up  behind.  They  all  then  charged  the  Indians  and 
made  a  stand  on  a  little  knoll.  Captain  Randall  and  B. 
F.  Evans  were  killed  outright  at  the  start  of  the  battle, 
D.  H.  Howser  was  shot  through  the  body  and  died 
in  ten  days,  a  young  boy,  Leland,  was  shot  through 
the  leg,  and  a  Swede,  Charles  Johnson,  was  shot  in  the 
foot.  Eight  horses  were  killed.  The  volunteers  con- 
tinued to  charge  the  Indians  until  they  retreated.  This 
handful  were  all  old  plainsmen  and  fine  shots,  and 
this  with  their  coolness  was  all  that  saved  them.  There 
were  three  companies  of  soldiers,  Captain  Perry,  Cap- 
tain Whipple  and  Captain  Winters,  from  the  First  U. 
S.  Cavalry  at  Cottonwood  at  the  time  of  this  battle, 
but  in  a  most  unbecoming  and  disgraceful  manner  re- 
fused to  assist  their  fellows.  After  the  Indians  re- 
treated, our  subject  took  Howser's  horse,  rode  to  Cot- 
tonwood and  interviewed  the  troops  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  his  severe  reprimand  at  least  brought  to 
their  mind  the  cowardly  acts  of  the  officers.  Amuni- 
tion  was  secured  and  a  man,  Shearer,  went  back  with 
Mr.  Vansise,  and  was  wounded  in  the  arm  by  the  skulk- 
ing Indians.  Wagons  took  in  the  wounded  and  Colon- 
el McConville,  in  command  of  all  the  volunteers,  hear- 
ing the  shots  came  from  across  the  Salmon  to  assist. 
He  escorted  the  handful  back  to  Mt.  Idaho  the  next 
day  with  the  wounded. 

Alex  Foster,  a  half  breed  Nez  Perces  and  Charlie 
Blewett,  who  were  scouting  the  day  before  this  battle, 
were  surprised  by  the  Indians  and  Blewett  was  slain, 
but  Foster  escaped  to  lead  back  some  troops  who  in 
turn  were  ambushed  by  the  treacherous  savages  and 
all  were  killed,  eleven  besides  Foster.  They  'made  a 
stubborn  fight,  getting  into  some  rocks  and  only  when 

and  in  a  hand  to  hand  conflict  massacred  them  all. 

Our  subject  was  with  the  volunteers  at  the  en- 
counter on  Misery  hill  when  the  Indians  stampeded 
the  stock.  The  redskins  encamped  across  the  Clear- 


water  from  General  Howard,  asked  for  a  peace  talk 
and  then  fired  at  the  general  and  took  to  the  Lo-Lo 

trail. 


LEVI  MAGEE  is  a  stirring  business  man  and  ca- 
pable attorney  at  law  in  Grangeville,  where  he  has  been 
prominent  in  these  circles  as  well  as  in  educational  mat- 
ters for  twelve  years.  He  was  born  in  Hamilton.  On- 
tario, on  August  15,  1864,  the  son  of  John  and  Mary 
T-  (Green)  Magee.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in 
New  York,  came  to  the  Willamette  valley  in  1868  and 
died  there  in  1894.  The  mother  was  born  in  Canada 
November,  1832,  and  is  still  living  in  Portland.  Our 
subject  was  four  years  of  age  when  the  family  came 
to  Oregon  and  began  study  in  the  common  school  until 
1882  then  took  a  seven-year  course  in  the  Willamette 
University  and  in  1890  received  his  diploma,  having 
taught  two  years  prior  to  his  graduation,  and  also  had 
studied  law.  On  August  15,  1890,  immediately  after' 
graduation,  he  came  to  Grangeville  and  took  charge  of 
the  Columbia  River  Conference  Academy,  being  princi- 
pal. He  was  first  to  formulate  a  complete  course  and 
turned  out  the  first  graduates  from  the  institution.  After 
this  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Grangeville  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law,  but  receiving  the  ap- 
pointment to  the  postmastership  of  Grangeville,  ac- 
cepted the  same  and  in  addition  to  that  put  in  a  stock 
of  books,  stationery  and  so  forth,  later  adding  grocer- 
ies, then  hardware  and  general  merchandise.  For  four 
years  he  conducted  the  office  with  efficiency  and  faith- 
fulness and  then  on  account  of  change  in  administra- 
tion resigned.  He  continued  to  operate  the  mercantile 
business  until  1902,  when  he  sold  it  and  opened  a  law 
office  in  Grangeville,  where  we  find  him  at  the  present 
time.  Mr.  Magee  owns  business  and  residence  prop- 
erty in  Grangeville  and  is  building  up  a  good  practice. 
He  was  nominated  for  probate  judge  in  1893  and  for 
state  senator  in  1902,  being  defeated  by  a  small  ma- 
jority. Mr.  Magee  is  a  strong  advocate  for  the  cause 
of  education  and  he  has  stimulated  much  good  action 
in  this  field.  He  was  instrumental  in  securing  the 
establishment  of  a  station  of  the  state  free  traveling  li- 
brary and  other  benefits. 

In  1890,  while  in  Oregon,  Mr.  Magee  married  Miss 
Delia  H.,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  J.  (Connor)  Ho- 
bart,  pioneers  to  Oregon  across  the  plains.  The  father 
died  in  1890  and  the  mother  in  1902.  Mrs.  Magee  was 
born  in  Silverton,  Oregon,  and  there  educated  and  later 
taught  in  Oregon  and  in  Grangeville.  She  has  three 
sisters  living,  Moura  Vercler,  La  Villa  McNeal.  Alberta. 
Mr.  Magee  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
William,  Joseph.  Thomas,  Mary  E.  Mann,  Walter  D. 
Mr.  Magee  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  is  grand 
master  of  the  state  lodge.  He  also  belongs  to  the  K. 
P.  and  the  W.  W.  Mrs.  Magee  is  an  active  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  church,  the  Ladies"  Literary  Club,  and 
an  active  worker  in  social  circles.  Mr.  Magee  has  re- 
cently been  elected  to  a  membership  in  the  world's 
fair  fraternal  building  association  on  the  suggestion  of 
National  Chairman  Wilkinson. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


507 


appointed  p 
McKinley 
' 


EDWIN  I.  CHASE,  who  is  classed  rightly  with  the 
leading  stockmen  and  agriculturists  of  Idaho  county, 
dwells  about  eight  miles  northwest  from  Grangeville, 
where  he  has  a  fine  estate  of  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres  which  is  annualy,  by  his  thrift  and  industry,  laid 
under  tribute  to  produce  abundant  returns  of  the  fruits 
of  the  field,  while  also  he  handles  a  hundred  head  of 
well  bred  cattle  and  as  many  hogs,  besides  other  stock. 
He  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Monticello,  Illinois,  on 
October  10,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Edward  and  Mary 
(Perkins)  Chase.  The  father  was  born  in  Maine,  in 
1838,  removed  to  Illinois  with  his  parents,  where  he 
married  and  remained  until  1862,  when  he  came  to 
Douglas  county,  Oregon.  He  farmed  and  raised  stock 
there  until  1881  then  came  to  Camas  prairie.  He  was 
inted  postmaster  at  Denver,  in  1897  by  President 
nd  the  next  year  opened  a  general  mer- 
chandise 'establishment  there.  In  1899  he  was  disabled 

•  by  sickness  and  resigned  his  position  as  postmaster. 
j  He  was  justice  of  the  peace  for  two  years  and  on  De- 
'  cember  17,   1902,  passed  to  the  world  beyond.     The 

-  mother    of    our    subject    was    born    in    Illinois  and 
died  in  Oregon.    Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated 

[  in  the  Douglas  county  home  and  remained  with  his 
father  until  fifteen.  In  1879  he  came  to  Camas  prairie. 

[  He  worked  for  wages  until"  1881,  then  took  up  a  quar- 
ter as  a  pre-emption  and  in  1884  a  homestead.  Mr. 
Chase  gave  his  attention  to  raising  stock  and  farm- 
ing, in  which  he  has  made  a  good  success.  He  has  five 
brothers,  Charles,  Oliver,  Frank,  Albert,  William. 

On  April  9,  1893,  Mr.  Chase  married  Miss  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  John  E.  and  Margaret  (Burgin)  Briscoe. 
Mr.  Briscoe  was  born  in  Missouri,  in  1839,  came  to  Ar- 
kansas when  a  young  man  and  took  up  farming.  In 
1889  he  came  to  southern  Idaho  and  thence  to  Grange- 
ville, and  since  then  he  has  farmed  and  mined.  Mrs. 
Briscoe  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1837  and  now 
lives  in  Grangeville.  Mrs.  Chase  was  borii  in  Benton 
county.  Arkansas,  on  December  23,  1861,  and  has  four 
brothers,  John,  George  B.,  James  P.,  William.  The 
fruit  of  this  union  is  four  children,  Edgar  S.,  born  May 
15,  1894;  Eva,  born  May  23,  1896;  Effie,  born  May  23, 
1896,  now  deceased  ;  Archie,  born  June  i,  1898,  also  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Chase  is  a  solid  Republican  and  his  wife 
is  a  good  Democrat.  They  are  good  people  and  of  ex- 
cellent standing.  Mr.  Chase  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A. 


JOHN  R.  ADKISON  is  a  prominent  farmer  and 
stockman  of  Idaho  county  and  was  one  of  the  early 
pioneers  who  opened  the  country  for  settlement.  He 
was  born  in  Fulton  county,  Illinois,  on  August  I,  1850, 
the  son  of  Elijah  and  Mary  (Eccles)  Adkison,  born  in 
Indiana  in  1827  and  1829  respectively.  They  were 
pioneers  in  Illinois,  Missouri,  California,  Oregon  and 
Idaho.  The  father  died  in  1888  and  the  mother  in  1899. 
Her  ancestors  were  originally  from  North  Carolina. 
The  family  removed  to  Iowa  when  John  R.  was  five, 
then  went  to  Missouri  and  in  1863  went  thence  to 
Shasta  county,  California.  Later  they  settled  in  Marion 
county,  Oregon,  and  in  that  state  and  Missouri  our  sub- 


ject was  educated.  He  farmed  in  Oregon  and  in  1871 
settled  on  his  present  place,  two  miles  southwest  from 
Grangeville.  Since  the  Mr.  Adkison  has  been  one  of 
the  leading  men  of  the  county  and  has  given  attention 
to  mining,  farming,  raising  stock,  and  teaching  school. 
He  was  here  during  the  Indian  war  and  fought  as  a 
volunteer  in  Company  E,  First  Idaho  Infantry  under 
Captain  McConville.  'He  is  of  the  opinion  that  General 
Howard  was  a  competent  officer  and  that  the  Indians 
were  greatly  underestimated  as  a  foe.  Mr.  Adkison 
believes  also  that  the  government  was  largely  respon- 
sible for  the  trouble  on  account  of  the  breach  of  faith 
with  Chief  Joseph  regarding  his  Wallowa  home.  Mr. 
Adkison  was  at  the  Clearwater  fight  and  also  went 
with  J.  M.  Adkison,  Charles  Rice,  F.  A.  Fenn,  F.  A. 
Door,  J.  Crooks,  P.  D.  Adkison,  G.  Hasshagen  on  the 
morning  of  the  fifteenth  to  rescue  those  wounded  and 
killed  on  the  fourteenth.  He  remembers  the  Norton 
and  Chamberlain  murder  as  on  the  night  of  the  four- 
teenth. 

In  Douglas  county,  Oregon,  on  September  7,  1879, 
Mr.  Adkison  married  Miss  Hattie  S.  Brown,  whose 
father,  Hon.  H.  G.  Brown,  a  pioneer  in  1848,  was 
prominent  and  wealthy  man  in  Oregon.  He  repre- 
sented his  county  three  times  in  the  legislature.  Mrs. 
Adkison  has  one  brother,  Samuel,  and  three  sisters, 
Helen,  Carrie,  and  Mattie.  Mr.  Adkison  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers:  James,  Perry,  Elijah,  and  George. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Adkison  have  been  born,  Henry,  in 
Idaho  county;  Loyal,  a  member  of  the  class  of  1904 
in  the  State  University  and  a  leader  in  oratorical  lines, 
winning  the  Brook  medal  in  1902;  Normal,  at  the 
high  school  in  Grangeville,  and  Carrie,  aged  seven. 
Mr.  Adkison,  who  is  a  member  of  the  I.  (S.  O.  F.,  is 
a  strong  Republican.  He  missed  the  representative- 
ship  by  only  three  votes  in  1876  in  a  county  with  three 
hundred  Democratic  majority.  Mr.  Adkison  is  an 
orator  in  the  political  campaigns  and  is  well  known  as 
a  fluent  speaker. 


DIDRIECH  H.  TELCHER,  deceased.  A  biog- 
raphy of  this  pioneer  and  leading  man  of  Idaho  county 
in  hi's  day  is  certainly  in  place  in  the  history  of  the 
county.  He  was  born  in  Lubeck,  Germany,  'on  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1835,  where  he  remained  until  twelve,  when 
the  family  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  near 
Dellville,'  Illinois.  He  lived  with  his  parents  until 
eighteen  and  in  1853  went  overland  to  Oregon,  settling 
on  a  half  section  of  donation  land  near  Oregon  City. 
He  farmed  and  raised  stock  until  1855,  when  he  en- 
listed to  fight  the  Yakimas.  He  was  discharged  at  The 
Dalles,  from  Company  C,  First  Oregon  Mounted  Vol- 
unteers, on  October  13,  1855.  He  returned  to  his  farm 
and  in  1860  came  to  the  Salmon  river  mines.  He  mined 
six  years  in  Florence  and  Warren  and  in  1866  came  to 
Canias  prairie  and  took  land,  later  took  a  homestead. 
He  supplied  the  mines  with  beef  and  vegetables  and 
continued  a  lucrative  business  until  1877,  when  he  re- 
moved his  family  to  the  stockade  at  Mt.  Idaho  and 
took  part  in  defending  the  post,  also  assisting  to  remove 
General  Howard  to  "the  Clearwater  from  Whitebird. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


After  the  war  he  devoted  himself  more  particularly  to 
farming  and  continued  in  abundant  success  in  that  line 
until  his  death  on  March  9,  1898,  being  mourned  by  all. 
He  left  an  estate  of  one  section,  property  in  Grangeville, 
eighty  cattle,  hogs  and  other  property.  Mr.  Telcher 
had  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  Charles,  Eliza  Weber, 
Eureka  Ranch,  deceased. 

On  May  17,  1870,  in  Clackamas  county,  Oregon,  Mr. 
Telcher  married  Miss  Margaret,  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
Elizabeth  (Anderson)  Ranch.  The  father  was  born  in 
Prussia  on  September  9,  1818  and  came  to  the  United 
States  when  he  was  twelve  with  his  parents.  In  1853 
he  came  to  the  Willamette  valley,  being  in  the  same 
train  as  Mr.  Telcher.  He  retired  from  active  life  in 
1893  and  lived  in  Oregon  City  until  his  death,  on  May 
30,  1902.  The  mother  was  born  on  October  19,  1821, 
at  sea,  while  her  parents  were  coming  to  the  United 
States  from  England.  She  remained  with  her  parents 
in  Philadelphia  until  sixteen  and  then  came  to  St. 
Louis  where  she  married  and  now  lives  in  Oregon  City. 
Mrs.  Telcher  was  born  on  July  i,  1848,  in  Hancock 
county,  Illinois  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters:  John,  deceased:  Hanna,  deceased;  William, 
Mary  Maddock,  George,  deceased.  Five  children  are 
the  fruit  of  this  union,  Henry  V.,  born  April  6,  1871, 
now  assessor  of  Idaho  count}- ;  Charles,  born  February 
24,  1875  and  died  on  December  14,  1889;  Maggie,  born 
January  20,  1880;  Ralph,  born  November  i,  1882,  re- 
cently graduated  from  the  high  school  in  Grangeville ; 
Myrtle,  born  November  6,  1886;  now  attending  the 
normal  at  Lewiston.  Mr.  Telcher  was  prominent  in 
political  matters  and  was  a  stanch  Republican.  He  was 
county  commissioner  from  1878  to  1882.  county  as- 
sessor from  1882  to  1886.  He  was  commissioner  for 
the  road  from  Grangeville  to  the  little  Salmon  country, 
connecting  the  north  and  the  south  part  of  the  state. 
He  was  a  prominent  man  of  worth  and  integrity. 


MARK  HOWE.  The  hotel  Revere,  one  of  the  ex- 
cellent hostelries  of  the  county,  is  operated  in  a  suc- 
cessful manner  in  Grangeville,  by  the  subject  of  this 
article.  He  is  a  man  of  good  standing  and  has  won  a 
first-class  patronage  for  his  house  and  hosts  of  friends 
among  the  people  of  the  county  and  the  traveling  pub- 
lic. 

Mark  Howe  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Maine,  on  February  9,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Mark 
and  Harriet  (Leland)  Howe,  natives  of  Maine.  The 
father,  who  came  from  the  old  Puritan  stock  of  Mas- 
sachusetts and  followed  lumbering,  died  before  our 
subject  remembers.  The  mother  came  from  an  old 
New  England  family  and  died  in  1895.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Maine  and 
followed  lumbering  in  all  the  prominent  camps  of  the 
state  until  1881,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota  and  there 
followed  the  same  business  until  1890,  when  he  sold 
his  interests  and  came  to  the  Palouse  country.  He 
went  into  the  mines  on  the  head  of  Bear  creek  and  the 
north  fork  of  the  Clearwater.  He,  in  connection  with 
C.  T.  Cross  and  Duke  Bros.,  opened  the  mica  mines 


but  they  failed  finacially,  together  with  the  PaloUse 
National  Bank.  Then  our  subject  took  a  ranch  in 
the  Bear  Creek  country  and  in  1896  came  to  Cotton- 
wood  and  bought  the  Cottonwood  house.  He  did  a 
good  business  there,  handling  in  connection  the  Lewis- 
ton  stage  from  that  place.  Then  Mr.  Howe  came  to 
Grangeville  and  opened  the  Idaho  house  and  one  year  • 
later  took  charge  of  the  Revere  which  he  has  oper- 
ated successfully  since. 

On  December  22,  1888,  while  in  Minnesota,  Mr. 
Howe  married  Miss  Luella,  daughter  of  William  and 
Mary  (Priestly)  Johnson,  natives  of  Maine.  Mrs. 
Howe  was  born  in  Wisconsin  and  taught  school  for  a 
term,  being  in  that  occupation  when  she  met  Mr.  i 
Howe.  She  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters.  Ellen 
Whitford,  Ida  Huston,  William  C.,  George.  Mr. 
Howe  has  one  brother,  Herbert.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  them,  Herbert,  Bessie,  the  latter  one  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Howe  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  of  the  W.  W.  He  is  an  active  Democrat,  is  al- 
ways at  the  caususes  and  conventions  and  is  at  pres- 
ent central  committeeman.  In  addition  to  his  other 
property  interests,  Mr.  Howe  is  still  interested  in  sev- 
eral mining  propositions. 


MORTIMER  S.  MARTIN.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  one  of  the  industrious  farmers  of  the  county 
and  dwells  about  four  miles  southeast  from  Tolo. 
He  was  born  in  Yates  county,  New  York,  on  Febru- 
ary 6,  1848,  the  son  of  Joel  D.  and  Caroline  Martin, 
mention  of  whom  is  made  in  this  volume.  When  Mor- 
timer was  ten,  the  family  went,  via  the  Isthmus,  to 
Marvsville,  California,  in  1864  they  came  to  San 
Francisco,  thence  by  steamer,  Brother  Jonathan,  to 
Portland  and  up  the  rivers  to  Lewiston,  whence  they 
hurried  to  Elk  and  mined.  Our  subject  mined  with 
his  father  until  1866,  then  went  back  to  San  Franc" 
co  and  completed  his  education  by  a  course  in  a  busi- 
ness college.  On  January  i,  1868,  he  came  to  Elk 
and  mined  a  year.  On  May  i,  1869,  he  was  appointed 
deputy  assessor  of  Nez  Perces  county.  In  the  fall  he 
returned  to  the  Elk  mines  and  the  following  year  cai 
to  Camas  prairie,  where  he  farmed  and  raised  cattle. 
At  the  time  of  the  Indian  war  he  was  living  about  a 
mile  south  from  Grangeville;  he  took  his  wife  and 
went  to  Mt.  Idaho.  Then  Mr.  Martin  joined  the  vol- 
unteers under  Captain  Ad  Chapman,  later  was  under 
D.  B.  Randall  and  then  under  James  Cearley.  After 
the  war,  Mr.  Martin  went  to  Lewiston  and  remained 
a  year,  and  then  in  1880  located  on  his  present  place. 
He  owns  two  hundred  acres,  thirty  cattle,  and  other 
stock. 

On  February  9,  1877,  Mr.  Martin  married  Miss 
Jennie  L.,  daughter  of  George  Freeman.  Her  par- 
ents died  when  she  was  small,  and  she  was  adopted 
into  the  family  of  Seth  Jones.  Mrs.  Martin  was  born 
in  Siskiyou  county,  California,  on  January  18,  1860, 
and  has  three  sisters,  Annie  Waters,  deceased,  Georg- 
ia Newbegin,  Mary  Beeson.  To  this  marriage  there 
have  been  born  seven  children:  Herbert  J.,  born  No- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


vember  9,  1877;  Lena  C,  born  November  22,  1878; 
Olive  J.,  born  February  i,  1880;  Mortimer  S.,  born 
January  2,  1882;  Elsie  E.,  born  September  24,  1884; 
Estelle'E.,  born  November  26,  1886;  Harold  W.,  born 
September  18,  1893.  Mr.  Martin  is  an  active  Repub- 
lican and  was  county  assessor  in  1894. 

Mr.  Martin  was  with  the  twenty-five  volunteers 
who  went  to  Clear  creek  to  attack  thirty  Indians.  Be- 
fore they  were  ready  to  make  the  attack  a  company  of 
regulars'  came  under  Colonel  Whipple  and  took  the 
lead.  However,  as  they  were  slow,  the  volunteers 
I  were  sent  ahead  and  Chief  Lookingglass  came  for  a 
parley  and  agreed  to  surrender.  As  this  was  in  prog- 
ress,'the  surrendering  to  take  place  in  the  middle  of 
the  creek,  the  Indians  scattered  to  the  brush  and  the 
fighting  began.  Three  savages  were  killed  and  some 
wounded  but  none  of  the  whites  were  injured. 


EVERETT  GEE,  the  well  known  proprietor  of 
i  the  news  and  book  store  in  Grangeville,  was  born  in 
Dayton,  Nevada,  on  January  10,  1865,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Celia  (Waterman)  Gee.  The  father  was  born 
in  Ashtabula,  Ohio,  in  1826,  came  to  California  in 
1849,  via  the  Horn,  and  mined  and  operated  a  pack 
train.  Later  he  operated  in  the  stock  business  on  a 
large  scale  with  headquarters  at  Sacramento.  He  was 
in  the  Piute  and  Digger  Indian  wars  and  was  known 
as  a  brave  and  fearless  man  in  danger  and  a  skillful 
Indian  fighter.  In  1883  he  came  to  Walla  Walla  and 
later  went  to  Ashland,  Oregon,  where  he  died  on  Au- 
gust 2,  1898.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject was  noted  pilot,  captain  and  Methodist  minister 
in  Ohio.  The  mother  of  Everett  Gee  was  born  in 
Iowa  in  1840,  crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents  to 
California  in  1850,  met  her  future  husband  in  Visalia, 
and  died  in  1879.  Our  subject  was  six  when  his  father 
moved  to  Sacramento  from  Nevada,  having  sold  large 
possessions  there  to  Adolph  Sutro,  famous  for  the  tun- 
nel and  being  mayor  of  San  Francisco.  Everett  was 
educated  in  Sacramento  and  went  to  do  for  himself 
at  the  age  of  sixteen.  In  1883  he  came  to  Walla  Walla 
and  in  1886  he  went  to  Spokane  and  there  operated 
an  express  line.  Later  we  see  him  in  Grangeville 
freighting  and  in  1898  his  wife  died  and  he  went  to 
the  coast  and  thence  to  Nome.  Returning  from  Nome 
after  one  summer,  he  came  to  Grangeville  in  Octo- 
ber, 1900,  and  in  May,  1902,  he  purchased  his  pres- 
ent business  and  has  operated  it  successfully  since. 
He  is  also  interested  with  his  brothers  in  the  Grange- 
ville dairy. 

On  February  20,  1900,  Mr.  Gee  married  Mrs. 
Carrie,  widow  of  Tom  Aram  and  daughter  of  Joseph 
Moore,  mention  of  whose  brave  deeds  will  be  made  in 
another  portion  of  this  work.  He  was  killed  by  the 
Indians  during  the  war  and  his  widow  died  in  1890. 
Mrs.  Gee  was  born  in  Oregon  in  1865  and  came  to 
Idaho  when  nine  months  old.  She  has  five  brothers : 
Homer,  Harry,  Hugh,  Cyrus,  Merrill,  and  one  half 
sister,  Belle  McPherson,  who  is  living  with  her.  Mr. 
Gee  has  two  children  by  his  former  marriage,  Celia 


and  Ethel,  at  home.  Mrs.  Gee  has  two  children  by 
her  former  marriage,  Vivian  and  Chester  Aram.  Mr. 
Gee  is  a  member  of  the  W.  O.  W.  and  the  Circle.  He 
is  constable  and  in  politics  is  a  Republican,  active  and 
influential. 

Mrs.  Gee's  father  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  Ap- 
ril, 1831,  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Phoebe  (Brands) 
Moore,  of  Scotch  and  English  extraction.  He  crossed 
the  plains  in  1860,  settled  in  Oregon,  married  In  1863 
and  came  to  the  Idaho  mines  at  Newsome.  In  1875 
he  came  to  Camas  prairie  took  a  ranch  and  also  op- 
erated the  Cottonwood  house.  The  account  of  his 
tragic  death  more  properly  comes  in  the  historical 
portion  of  the  work. 


HON.  T.  W.  GIRTON  is  surely  one  of  the  earli- 
est pioneers  of  the  western  coast  and  a  glance  at  his 
career  is  convincing  proof  that  he  was  one  of  the  en- 
terprising and  active  men  of  the  time,  which  he  has 
continued  to  be  since.  He  was  born  in  West  Vir- 
ginia, in  1832,  the  son  of  Dickison  and  Carrie 
(Green)  Girton,  natives  of  Virginia,  as  also  were  their 
forefathers.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  and  operated 
a  carding  machine  in  Laharpe,  Illinois.  The  mother's 
ancestors  fought  for  the  American  cause  in  the  days 
of  the  Revolution  and  were  true  Americans.  Our  sub- 
ject grew  to  manhood  and  was  educated  in  Illinois. 
In  1852  he  crossed  the  plains  with  oxen  to  Portland 
and  in  1854  was  mining  in  California.  In  1857  he 
came  to  The  Dalles  and  at  the  time  of  the  Fraser  ex- 
citement, in  1860  went  thither  and  wrought  for  the 
government.  In  1861  Mr.  Girton  was  in  Oro  Fino, 
the  diggings  having  been  discovered  the  year  before 
by  Pierce,  J.  Bull,  Marion,  Moore  and  Rhodes.  In 
1862  we  see  Mr.  Girton  in  Florence  and  in  the  fall 
came  to  Camas  prairie  and  worked  for  Crooks  & 
Shumway,  butchers  and  stockmen.  In  June,  1863, 
he  went  to  East  Bannack,  Montana,  and  discovered 
good  diggings.  He  came  from  Lemhi  twelve  hun- 
dred miles,  via  Walla  Walla,  to  Florence  to  record  a 
ditch  on  very  valuable  property.  In  1868  Mr.  Girton 
came  to  Camas  prairie  and  the  next  year  we  find  him 
taking  his  present  place,  three  miles  southwest  from 
Grangeville.  Since  then  he  has  raised  stock  and 
farmed,  making  himself  one  of  the  prominent  men 
of  the  county.  He  was  guard  in  the  Indian  war  and 
remembers  the  outbreak  on  June  13. 

In  1868  Mr.  Girton  married  Elizabeth  Shipton,  of 
Corvallis,  Oregon,  who  died  in  1872.  He  has  one 
son,  as  the  fruit  of  this  union,  James,  in  Washington. 

On  October  12,  1873,  Mr-  Girton  married  Miss 
Lena,  daughter  of  I.  and  Elizabeth  (King)  Hinkle, 
pioneers  of  Oregon.  The  father  was  a  prominent  saw- 
mill man.  Mrs.  Girton  died  in  August,  1901,  leaving 
five  children,  James,  Lottie  Wilson,  Carrie,  Eliza- 
beth, Charles.  Mr.  Girton  has  three  sisters.  He  is 
an  active  Democrat  and  was  chosen  by  the  people  as 
representative  to  the  eleventh  territorial  legislature. 
He  was  also  the  choice  at  the  second  state  legislature. 
Mr.  Girton  has  a  good  quarter  which  is  embellished 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


with  fine  and  valuable  improvements.  He  remem- 
bers voting  for  1.  I.  Stevens  for  territorial  delegate 
in  1861,  being  then  at  Oro  Fino.  The  territory  at 
that  time  was  Washington. 


JACOB  C.  CAREER  is  the  present  incumbent  of 
the  postoffice  at  Grangeville,  where  he  has  faithfully 
and  efficiently  discharged  the  duties  of  that  position 
for  some  time  and  is  one  of  the  highly  esteemed  and 
capable  men  of  the  town. 

Jacob  C.  Carber  was  born  in  Rockingham  county, 
Virginia,  in  1830,  the  son  of  Martin  and  Magdalene 
(Mohler)  Garber,  natives  of  Virginia.  The  father 
died  in  Ohio  and  the  mother  in  Iowa.  The  paternal 
ancestors  were  settlers  in  Virginia  in  old  colonial 
days  and  fought  for  American  independence.  When  a 
lad,  our  subject  went  to  Logan  county,  Ohio,  and 
there  grew  to  manhood  and  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools.  Later  he  removed  to  Iowa  and 
in  1854  we  see  him  in  California  mining,  having  come 
via  Nicaragua.  He  was  very  successful  and  spent 
large  amounts  in  developing  prospects;  he  finally 
started  the  town  of  Garberville,  in  Humboldt  county, 
where  he  embarked  in  the  mercantile  business.  In 
1862  he  returned  to  Iowa  and  visited  his  brothers  in 
the  Civil  war,  Silas,  Abram,  Joseph,  Isaac.  The  first 
one  was  governor  of  Nebraska  later  and  the  last  one 
died  in  the  war.  Mr.  Garber  returned  to  California 
in  1863  where  he  mined  and  did  business  until  1878 
when  he  sold  out  and  made  his  way  to  Idaho  county. 
He  took  land  and  farmed  near  Cottonwood  until  the 
early  nineties,  when  he  removed  to  Grangeville.  For 
a  time  he  was  bookkeeper  in  the  store  of  Henry  Wax 
and  later  was  elected  probate  judge  on  the  Republi- 
can ticket.  After  this  Mr.  Garber  returned  to  his  first 
life  of  mining  and  wrought  around  Florence  Xmtil 
1897,  when  he  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Grange- 
ville and  here  he  has  remained  since,  giving  universal 
satisfaction. 

In  the  year  1868,  while  in  California,  Mr.  Garber 
married  M'iss  Julia  A.,  daughter  of  Nathan  and  Sus- 
an (Miles)  Wheeler,  natives  of  New  England  and 
descended  from  ancestors  prominent  in  the  early  Am- 
erican wars  of  independence,  but  are  now  deceased. 
Mrs.  Garber  was  born  in  Columbus,  Georgia,  and  has 
one  brother  and  four  sisters.  F.  N.,  Lucy,  Adelia, 
Lyra  Garber,  Florence  Dale.  Mr.  Garber  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  R,  joining  in  1853.  When  in  Cali- 
fornia he  held  the  office  of  county  recorder  in  Nevada 
county  from  1860  to  1868. 


HUGH  M.  McDERMID.  The  leading  profes- 
sions are  well  represented  by  able  men  in  Grangeville 
and  in  no  whit  behind  the  most  prominent  stands  Dr. 
McDermid,  the  skillfull  dentist  who  has  for  more  than 
a  decade  practiced  here  with  that  crowning  of  suc- 
cess which  justly  comes  to  the  reliable  and  expert. 
Personally  Dr.  McDermid  is  a  man  of  patriotism, 


geniality  and  capabilities  and  he  is  the  centre  of  a  large 
circle  of  admiring  friends. 

Hugh  M.  McDermid  was  born  in  Nicollet  county, 
Minnesota,  on  September  12,  1858,  the  son  of  Peter  H. 
and  Adaline  (Kennedy)  McDermid.  The  father  was 
born  in  Glengora  county,  Canada,  in  1827,  settled  in  i 
Minnesota  in  1854,  was  a  prominent  man  in  the  coun- 
ty and  besides  holding  various  county  offices  repre- 
sented the  county  two  terms  in  the  state  legislature.  He 
came  to  Yakima  in  1897  and  died  there  in  1902.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio  and  died  in 
1 88 1.  Her  father  was  in  the  war  of  1812,  fighting  for 
the  American  cause,  while  her  husband's  father  fought 
with  the  English.  She  also  had  two  brothers  in  the 
Civil  war.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Minne- 
sota and  received  his  educational  training  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  learned  his  profession  by  practical  ex- 
perience in  the  office  in  constant  work  there  while  he 
pursued  his  reading,  thus  gaining  the  extra  skill  and 
erudition  to  be  had  in  this  excellent  manner.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-two  he  went  into  the  battle  of  life  for 
himself  and  in  1891,  he  came  to  Yakima,  where  his 
brother,  Albert,  dwelt.  Thence  he  came  to  Grange- 
ville and  opened  an  office  and  since  that  time  he  has  con- 
tinued here  with  an  ever  increasing  patronage,  and  he 
is  the  practitioner  in  the  town. 

On  December  9,  1883,  in  Minnesota,  Dr.  McDermid 
married  Miss  Clara,  daughter  of  Wiliam  and  Thersa 
( Chaffee)  Goodell,  natives  of  New  York.  The  father 
pioneered  to  Minnesota  in  1858  and  served  in  the  Civil 
war.  Mrs.  McDermid  was  born  in  Blue  Earth  coun- 
ty, Minnesota,  in  1862  and  she  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Charlie,  Inez,  Terse,  Alice,  Ab- 
bie,  Mabel.  Dr.  McDermid  has  two  brothers  and  two 
sisters,  Albert,  Helen,  deceased,  May,  Joel.  One  child, 
Alice,  aged  seventeen,  has  been  born  to  them.  Dr. 
McDermid  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  Order  of 
the  Eastern  Star,  W.  W.,  the  Circle,  and  the  Arti- 
sans. He  is  a  true  blue  Democrat  and  takes  the  in- 
terest that  becomes  the  intelligent  citizen.  Dr.  Mc- 
Dermid owns  mining  interests  and  some  business  pro- 
perty in  Grangeville.  He  was  sergeant  in  the  Idaho 
volunteer  regiment,  Company  C,  at  the  time  of  the 
Phillipine  war,  enlisting  on  May  26,  1898  and  being 
discharged  on  September  25,  1899.  His  company 
sailed  on  June  26,  1898,  and  arrived  in  Manila  on  Au- 
gust 5.  He  was  transferred  on  June  14,  to  the  hos- 
pital corps  and  although  he  sought  the  field  he  was  held 
in  the  hospital  on  account  of  his  profession -all  the  time. 


CAPT.  GEORGE  M.  GALL  AWAY,  the  vener- 
able and  esteemed  citizen  of  Whitebird,  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  upright  men  of  the  county,  who  has 
done  much  here  for  the  upbuilding  and  growth  of  the 
country.  He  was  born  in  Moulton,  Alabama,  on  Sep- 
•tember  18,  1826,  the  son  of  Britten  and  Anna  (Pon- 
der) Gallaway.  The  father  was  an  Irishman,  born  in 
Georgia  in  1795,  and  died  in  1877.  The  mother  was  also 
born  in  Georgia  and  was  of  Scotch  extraction.  Her  peo- 
ple fought  in  the  struggle  of  1812.  Our  subject  grew  to 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


5' 


manhood  and  received  a  good  education  in  his  native 
place,  then  acquired  a  thorough  training  for  the  medi- 
cal profession.  When  twenty  he  enlisted  to  fight  in  the 
Mexican  war  and  was  under  captain  Joel  M.  Acker 
and  General  Taylor.  Eighteen  months  were  spent  in 
that  war,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged  and  re- 
turned to  Aberdeen,  Mississippi,  where  he  practiced 
medicine  for  sixteen  years.  Then  came  a  move  to  Ar- 
kansas and  at  the  time  of  the  Civil  war  he  enlisted  in 
Company  B,  First  Arkansas  Infantry,  under  Colonel 
John  C/Brundy,  of  Chicago.  He  served  through  the 
war  and  was  commissioned  captain.  Subsequent  to 
the  war,  Captain  Gallaway  returned  to  Arkansas  and 
was  elected  twice  to  the  state  legislature.  In  1876  he 
removed  to  Oregon,  the  following  year  to  the  Palouse 
country  in  Idaho  and  spent  some  time  investigating  the 
land  question  there.  About  1882,  Mr.  Gallaway  came 
to  Whitebird  and  took  land,  where  he  has  spent  most 

In  18=52,  Mr.  Gallaway  married  Miss  Louisa  T., 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Malinda  (Ponder)  Gilliland, 
of  English  and  Irish  parentage.  The  following  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union :  Euprasia  Belvadier, 
now  Mrs.  Manning ;  George  W.,  in  Arkansas ;  Virginia 
T.  Hador,  and  Albert  B.,  in  Whitebird ;  Isora  I.,  de- 
ceased; Thomas  B.  and  Sherman  S.,  both  in  White- 
bird.  Captain  Gallaway  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 
and  he  is  spending  the  golden  years  of  his  life  in  quiet 
retirement  with  his  children,  enjoying  the  competence 
that  his  thrift  and  wisdom  accumulated. 


WILLIAM  A.  HALL.  No  man  is  better  known  in 
the  county  of  Idaho  than  the  subject  of  this  article, 
and  he  is  also  of  excellent  standing,  as  his  worth  and 
valuable  labors  demand. 

William  A.  Hall  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Lon- 
don, England,  on  February  15,  1847,  me  son  °f  Will- 
iam and  Lucy  (Atkinson)  Hall,  also  natives  of  Eng- 
land. The  father  was  born  in  18(3  and  in  1851  came 
to  Walworth  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  died  later. 
Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Wisconsin,  and  the 
mother  married  Wm.  H.  Ambler,  who  went  to  fight  for 
the  Union,  which  necessitated  our  subject  to  care  for 
the  family.  This  crowded  out  his  chance  for  an  educa- 
tion but  his  ambition  was  strong  and  after  the  war  he 
commenced  studying  under  private  tutors,  until  he 

youth  Mr.  HaThad^ead^g  fmvarTthe'  law  and  he 
was  constantly  reading  it.  In  1866  he  came  west  to 
Montana  and  there  farmed,  then  taught  and  in  1870, 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  Methodist  church.  He 
handled  circuits  in  Beaver  Head  and  Bannock  coun- 
ties and  then  came  to  Salmon  City,  Idaho,  always 
preaching  with  vigor  and  telling  force.  In  the  fall  of 
1873,  Mr.  Hall  went  to  Michigan,  attending  school  for 
a  time  and  then  taught  for  two  years.  He  was  called 
back  to  Idaho  in  1874  and  took  charge  of  a  circuit  in 
the  Bitter  Root  valley,  Montana,  and  in  1879,  he  came 
to  Grangeville  upon  invitation  of  the  presiding  elder 
to  take  charge  of  the  Columbia  River  Conference  Aca- 


demy,  where  he  was  engaged  for  eight  years.  Mr.  Hall 
continued  the  study  of  law  under  the  tutorage  of  Judge 
Xorman  Buck  and  won  good  success  in  this  line,  be- 
ing a  capable  and  apt  student.  Being  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1884  he  commenced  practice  in  Idaho  county, 
Idaho,  and  is  the  oldest  practioner  in  the  county  where 
he  has  a  fine  clientage.  Recently  Mr.  Hall  has  been  ap- 
pointed referee  in  bankruptcy  for  the  county  and  has 
held  various  official  positions.  While  continuing  in 
these  lines  of  success  Mr.  Hall  has  not  forgotten  when- 
ever occasion  presents,  to  preach  the  gospel  and  his 

SC  On  July  18,  1876,  Mr.  Hall  married  Miss  Susan  M., 
daughter  of  William  Haynes,  a  native  of  Bath,  Maine, 
and  of  Scotch  extraction.  The  wedding  occurred  in 
Deer  Lodge,  Montana.  Mrs.  Hall  was  born  in  Bath, 
.Maine,  on  July  18,  1848,  was  well  educated  in  the  semi- 
nary and  has  taught  for  years.  She  has  the  following 
brothres  and  sisters:  Stephen,  Charles  D.,  Mehitabel 
Hogan.  Mr.  Hall  has  one  brother,  John  S.,  and  one 
sister,  Jane  Margetts,  and  one  half  brother,  Robert  H. 
Ambler.  This  worthy  couple  have  one  adopted  child, 
Winifred  G.  Mr.  Hall  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
the  Encampment,  and  the  Rebekahs,  being  chief  pa- 
triarch of  the  encampment.  He  is  a  Republican,  ac- 
tive in  the  campaigns  and  is  always  at  the  conventions, 
where  he  is  a  prominent  and  influential  figure.  Mr. 
Hall  has  practiced  with  Judge  Ailshie  and  is  one  of  the 
successful  members  of  the  bar  here.  He  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace  fgr  several  years,  has  filled  the 
office  of  probate  judge,  county  superintendent  of 
schools,  and  also  held  these  offices  in  Montana,  was 
United  States  commissioner  for  four  years  at  one  term 
and  in  many  ways  he  has  been  a  prominent  and  leading 

owns  considerable  property.  Mr.  Hall  served  in  the 
Indian  war  of  1877,  being  orderly  sergeant  of  the  vol- 

On  an  examination  in  1902  he  received  an  honorary 
diploma  from  an  eastern  college  with  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Law.  He  also  holds  a  diploma  for  the  four 
years'  course  C.  L.  S.  C. 


'  CASWELL  T.  McKINZIE  is  one  of  the  early- 
pioneers  to  the  Pacific  coast  and  has  figured  prominent- 
ly in  the  various  movements  from  that  clay  until  the 
present ;  his  labors  have  recently  associated  him  with 
the  Grangeville  country,  where  he  is  well  and  favora- 
bly known,  being  now  one  of  the  leading  freighters  out 
of  that  town  to  the  various  mining  camps  tributary. 

Caswell  T.  McKinzie  was  born  in  Grant  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  January  23,  1842,  the  son  of  Henley 
and  Lulvisa  (Philips)  McKinzie,  natives  of  Virginia, 
of  which  state  the  ancestors  were  early  pioneers.  The 
father  was  born  in  1792,  served  in  the  war  of  1812,  as 
colonel,  came  to  Kentucky,  later  to  Wisconsin,  whence 
he  came  with  his  family  to  the  Willamette  valley, 
crossing  the  plains,  and  in  1868,  died  in  Oregon.  The 
mother 'died  in  1871.  Her  father  was  a  patriot  in  the 
Revolution.  Our  subject  was  but  ten  years  old  when 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  came  with  the  family  to  Oregon  and  the  father  took 
land  where  East  Portland  is  now  located  but  later  re- 
moved farther  east.  When  sixteen,  Caswell  went  to 
do  for  himself  by  farming  and  raising  stock.  He  used 
his  homestead  right  in  1868  and  in  1877  moved  to 
Walla  Walla ;  during  the  Indian  war  of  that  year  he 
was  in  government  employ  as  a  messenger  and  freighter 
under  Lieutenant  Miller. 'in  1879  we  find  Mr.  McKin- 
zie  freighting  into  Spokane  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country;  in  1880  he  hauled  the  first  safe  that  ever  came 
into  the  city  of  Spokane.  He  continued  the  freighting 
until  1888  when  he  removed  to  Spokane  and  operated 
an  express  line  for  seven  years.  1895  found  him  in 
Moscow  and  the  following  year  Mr.  McKinzie  located 
in  Grangeville,  since  which  time  he  has  devoted  his 
energies  to  freighting,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  oper- 
ators in  that  industry. 

In  June,  1862,  at  Portland,  Mr.  McKinzie  married 
Miss  Louise,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Mary  (Tomp- 
kins)  Bell,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father  was  a 
butcher  and  died  in  1880.  He  crossed  the  plains  in 
1853,  landing  in  Oregon  City,  September  10,  of  that 
year.  The  mother  died  in  1857.  Mrs.  McKinzie  was 
born  in  Illinois  in  1836  and  crossed  the  plains  with 
her  parents.  She  has  one  brother  and  Jiree  sisters, 
Captain  Bell,  Martha  Arnspiger,  Rachel  Arnspiger, 
Caroline  McKinzie.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  this  worthy  couple,  Simon  H.,  in  Grangeville ;  Vio- 
la Twist,  whose  husband  fought  in  the  Nez  Perces 
war ;  William,  in  Grangeville.  Mr,  and  Mrs.  McKinzie 
are  members  of  the  church  of  Christ.  He  voted  for 
Abraham  Lincoln  and  has  stood  by  the  same  grand  old 
party  since.  Mr.  McKinzie  has  eighty  acres  of  land 
and  also  owns  other  property. 

By  way  of  reminiscense  we  note  that  in  1861,  when 
Mr.  McKenzie  was  going  to  Walla  Walla,  the  Indians 
waylaid  him  where  Pendleton  now  stands  and  stole 
his  horses,  but  he  succeeded  in  escaping  into  the  sage 
brush  and  for  three  days  lay  secreted,  finally  going  to 
The  Dalles  with  a  freighting  outfit.  His  brother, 
Isaac  McKinzie,  and  John  Stevens  were  instrumental  in 
the  capture  of  old  chief  Peu-Peu-Mox-Mox  with  two 
others  in  i8s7-  The  brother  took  the  beaded  pouch 
for  bullets  and  also  the  powder  horn  and  our  subject 
had  them  for  years.  They  were  serving  in  Company  A, 
Oregon  Volunteers  under  Colonel  Wilson.  In  this 
campaign  they  had  the  distinction  of  living  for  one 
whole  week  on  horse  flesh  alone.  A  noted  Indian  had 
killed  Lieutenant  Burris,  but  was  afterward  killed 
by  Isaac  McKinzie. 


ANDREW  J.  TAYLOR  is  one  of  the  old  pi- 
oneers who  braved  the  dangers  and  endured  the  hard- 
ships incident  to  opening  this  vast  country  and  for 
many  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  arduous  labor  of 

California  to  British  Columbia.  At  present  Mr.  Tay- 
lor is  living  two  miles  west  from  Tahoe,  where  he 
owns  a  half  section  of  land  and  does  general  farming 
and  raises  stock.  He  was  born  in  Brighton,  New 


York,  on  May  17,  18^2.  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and 
Laura  (Ellsworth)  Taylor.  The  father  was  born  in 
Massachusetts  in  1803  and  was  a  prominent  man 
in  his  place.  His  parents  and  ancestors  were  pioneers 
of  that  state.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject 
held  the  rank  of  captain  in  the  Revolution  and  was 
one  of  the  noted  minute  men.  Andrew  Taylor  set- 
tled early  ir.  Ohio  and  in  1855  started  for  California 
on  the  steamer,  Sierra  Nevada,  but  died  on  board  and 
was  buried  at  sea.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  New  England  in  1807  and  died  in  1892.  Our 
subject  was  raised  and  educated  in  Massachusetts  and 
in  1855  came  with  his  father  to  California.  He  had 
learned  the  trades  of  gunsmith  and  moulder  and  when 
he  landed  in  San  Francisco  he  went  to  mining  and 
prospecting  where  he  operated  in  Shasta  county.  In 
1865  ne  came  to  Boise  and  mined  and  later  was  in 
Warren  and  made  the  trip  to  Lewiston  when  the  ther- 
mometer was  forty  below.  He  and  his  partner,  Mr. 
Watson,  who  is  now  residing  on  Camas  prairie,  lo- 
cated some  fine  placers  on  Allison  creek  and  took 
good  returns  from  them  for  four  years.  During  this 
time  Mr.  Taylor  was  injured  by  a  falling  tree,  from 
which  he  has  never  fully  recovered.  In  1874  he  went 
to  Dixie  and  was  well  acquainted  with  all  the  old 
timers  *here  and  for  twenty  years  he  was  one  of  the 

he  came  to  Elk  for  the  mail,  he  learned  of  the  Indian 
outbreak  and  they  all  went  to  the  fort  in  Elk  until 
the  trouble  was  past.  It  was  in  1879  that  Mr.  Tay- 
lor located  his  present  farm,  taking  homestead  and 
preemption.  He  is  one  of  the  esteemed  men  and  sub- 
stantial citizens  of  the  county  and  has  done  a  goodly 
portion  for  its  upbuilding. 


PETER  KING.  A  hardy  pioneer  of  the  first  days, 
well  acquainted  with  the  mining  world,  from  Cali- 
fornia to  the  Eraser  and  Kootenai  camps  in  British 
Columbia,  a  faithful  laborer  in  the  cause  of  opening 
the  country  for  settlement  and  civilization,  and  now 
one  of  the  substantial  stockmen  and  farmers  of  Ida- 
ho county,  dwelling  a  mile  and  a  half  north  from 
Clearwater  upon  a  half  section  of  fine  land  which  he 
secured  by  rights  from  the  government,  Mr.  King  is 
to  be  classed  with  those  who  deserve  representation  as 
builders  of  this  country  and  pioneers  in  the  true  sense 
of  the  word. 

Peter  King  was  born  in  Germany,  on  February 
22,  1832,  being  the  son  of  Nichols  and  Mary  (Breit- 
wiser)  King,  natives  also  of  the  Fatherland.  The 
father  was  born  in  1800  and  in  the  fall  of  1833  came 
to  Baltimore,  two  years  later  went  to  Henry  county, 
Indiana,  and  in  1840  he  settled  in  Fulton  county 
and  bought  eighty  acres  of  canal  land,  which  he  farmed 
until  his  death  in  1851.  The  mother  was  born  in 
1810.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  and  educated  in 
Indiana  and  remained  with  his  parents  until  of  age. 
In  18^3  he  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  mined  on 
Nelson*  creek,  in  Eldorado  county  and  various  other 
places  for  ten  years.  He  was  successful  and  especi- 


ANDREW  J.  TAYLOR. 


PETER  KING. 


LAWRENCE  OTT. 


JAMES  WITT. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ally  so  in  Sahara  county,  where  he  sold  the  Blue  Lead 
for  five  thousand  dollars.  In  1862  he  was  in  the  Cari- 
bou regions  with  the  rush,  where  he  contracted 
rheumatism  and  came  to  Olympia  until  he  recovered. 
Thence  he  came  to  Pierce  and  prospected  all  over  this 
section  of  the  country.  In  1864  Mr.  King  went  to 
Boise  on  Grimes  creek  and  then  north  to  the  Kootenai 
river  during  the  excitement.  Then  came  a  trip  to  the 
Bitter  Root  mountains,  to  the  Moose  creek  region, 
but  he  returned  on  account  of  the  rough  country.  Mr. 
King  continued  on  the  south  fork  of  the  Clearwater 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  and  was  one  of 
the  brave  lads  who  took  up  arms  and  dispelled  the 
savages,  he  being  especially  detailed  to  guard  the 
women  and  children  on  Slate  creek.  He  was  in  the 
Alt.  Idaho  Guards  under  Captain  Ad  Chapman.  Later 
he  was  with  Benson's  pack  train  who  was  supplying 
the  government  troops  with  provisions.  As  soon  as 
the  trouble  ceased  Mr.  King,  with  Smiley,  Buchanan, 
James  Boyd,  Bill  Tracy  and  Charles  Martin,  went  to 
Chamberlain's  basin.  They  put  in  a  ditch  on  little 
Slate  creek  and  piped  dirt  for  three  years  with  reas- 
onable success.  In  1881  Mr.  King  took  a  preemption 
and  later  a  homestead  which  constitute  his  present 
estate.  He  has  over  sixty  head  of  cattle,  a  fine  house, 
large  barn  and  other  good  improvements.  Mr.  King 
has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Nicho- 
las, Jake,  Henry,  Katie  Bunch. 


LAWRENCE  OTT  is  a  stock-raiser  who  re- 
sides eight  miles  up  the  Salmon  river  on  the  south 
side  at  what  is  known  as  the  Horseshoe  bend.  He  was 
born  February  19,  1836,  in  Blair  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  son  of  Lawrence  and  Maria  Ott,  natives  of 
the  same  state.  They  both  died  in  Blair  county.  Our 
subject  remained  there  until  1856  and  then  went,  via 
New  York  and  the  Isthmus,  to  San  Francisco.  He 
mined  at  Marysville,  prospected  in  different  sections 
and  in  1859  went  to  Virginia  City,  Nevada.  At  the 
time  of  the  Piute  war  he  enlisted  to  fight  the  Indians 
under  Meredith  and  on  one  occasion  half  of  the  little 
band  of  150  whites  was  killed,  the  Indians  being  ten 
to  one.  In  1862  he  started  to  Warren  with  a  posse  of 
men  and  on  the  head  of  the  Owyhee  river  they  rescued 
a  man  and  his  wife  from  a  band  of  Indians  by  killing 
the  Indians.  Then  he  came  to  Auburn,  Oregon,  later 
to  Walla  Walla,  back  to  Canyon  City  with  supplies, 
in  '64  went  to  the  Boise  basin  and  in  '67  came  to  War- 
ren. He  has  visited  most  of  the  camps  in  Idaho  and 
in  1872  located  his  present  place.  Since  then  this 
place  has  been  his  headquarters.  He  has  followed 
farming,  stock-raising  .  and  mining  with  good  suc- 
cess. He  now  has  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres 
but  has  retired  from  active  business  and  is  living 
upon  his  income.  When  the  war  broke  out  in  1877 
he  was  in  Florence,  being  sick  he  loaned  his  gun  and 
ammunition  to  another  but  as  soon  as  he  was  able,  he 

ble  over  the  mountains  and  when  they  reached  Howard 
they  were  sent  to  do  guard  duty  at  Slate  creek.     He 


guarded  some  wounded  soldiers  to  Lapwai  and  did 
much  scouting.  Much  of  his  stock  was  killed  at  the 
time  of  the  war.  When  on  the  south  fork  of  the  John 
Day  in  Oregon,  five  miners  were  attacked  by  the  In- 
dians and  three  were  killed.  Our  subject 
seventeen  who  thrashed  the  Indians  and  r 
miners.  Soon  after  Mr.  Ott  s 
gade  Indians  threatened  t 
leave  .  In  the  encounter 
knocked  down  by  a  stone  b 
olver  he  had  the 


- 

s one  of 
ered  the 

settled  here  a  few  rene- 
him   if  he  did   not 
which    followed    he  was 
ut  owing  to  his  having  a 
e  better  of  the  struggle  and  afte 


that  was  left  alone.  He  has  been  one  of  the  acuvc 
laborers  to  build  up  this  country  and  is  a  good,  sub- 
stantial man.  After  the  war  Mr.  Ott  did  special 
scouting  duty  under  Captain  Lou  Wilmot  to  see  that 
none  of  the  red  men  were  lurking  in  the  hills,  finding 
and  destroying  many  of  the  Indian  caches,  until  as- 
sured that  "all  the  Indians  had  gone  onto  the  reserva- 


JAMES  WITT.  Among  the  pioneers  of  Idaho 
county  none  came  earlier,  labored  with  more  assiduity, 
gained  more  triumphs  because  of  sagacity  and  real 
worth,  and  stand  more  thoroughly  admired  and 
truly  ensconced  in  the  affections  of  the  people  than 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  an  epitome  of  whose  inter- 
esting career  we  count  it  a  privilege  to  place  upon 
the  abiding  records  of  his  county  history. 

James  Witt  was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Ten- 
nessee, on  July  7,  1837,  the  son  of  Caleb  and  Margaret 
R.  (Demarcus)  Witt.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  saw- 
mill man  and  later  a  miner.  He  was  born  in  Tennes- 
see, on  March  8,  1815,  and  died  in  Idaho  county  on 
February  14,  1882.  His  grandfather  came  from  Eng- 
land and  his  father  was  born  in  Tennessee  and  fought 
in  the  war  of  1812.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Tennessee  on  March  15,  1810,  and  died  in 
1856.  Our  subject  was  educated  and  when  four- 
teen worked  with  his  father  in  the  native  place.  On 
March  21,  1859,  he  came  with  his  father  to  Iowa  and 
there  outfitted  with  oxteams  for  the  purpose  of  cross- 
ing the  plains.  Falling  in  with  others  they  formed  a 
train  and  while  they  started  for  Pike's  Peak  the  dis- 
couraging reports  turned  them  back  toward  Oregon 
and  thither  they  came.  The  oxen  became  worn  out  and 
they  doubled  up  until  the  wagons  were  crowded.  They 
crossed  the  Missouri  river  at  Plattsmouth  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Platte  river  on  May  8th  and  landed  at  The 
Dalles  September  8.  James  worked  at  the  Cas- 
cades a  while  and  then  joined  his  father  at  Port- 
land and  in  the  spring  of  1860  he  went  up  the  Colum- 
bia to  Isle  Le  Pierre  rapids.  It  was  in  the  spring  of 
1861  that  Mr.  Witt  fitted  out  ox  teams  and  came  to 
this  portion  of  Idaho.  Captain  Pierce  had  married 
an  Indian  woman  and  she  piloted  him  to  the  diggings 
around  Pierce  City  where  Mr.  Witt  was  going.^  He 
came  to  what  is  now  Greer's  ferry  and  made  the  first 
boat  for  Col.  W.  Craig  to  cross  the  Clearwater  and 
used  it  as  a  ferry.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he  went  to 
Elk  City,  where" rich  placers  had  been  discovered  by 
the  overflow  from  Pierce.  Mr.  Newsome  after  whom 


514 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Newsome  creek  is  named,  was  in  the  party  which  made 
the  discovery.  Mr.  Witt  reached  Elk  on  May  17  or 
27.  1862,  going  over  twenty  feet  of  snow.  He  went 
into  partnership  with  a  man  who  had  claims  on  Ameri- 
can river  and  they  made  a  company  and  dug  a  ditch 
eleven  miles  long"  in  the  Buffalo  Hill  country.  They 
had  scanty  capital  but  sold  stock  and  took  pay  in  work 
digging  the  ditch.  His  father  came  in  about  the  time 
the  company  was  discouraged  and  lifted  them  up. 
Many  were  skeptical  but  when  it  was  all  done  it  made 
a  real  boom.  McGruder,  the  victim  of  foul  murder 
later,  was  a  merchant  then  in  Elk  and  he  assisted  the 
company  with  great  credit.  The  completion  of  the 
ditch  assured  the  success  of  the  camp.  In  June,  1863, 
the  water  flowed  and  the  spirits  of  all  were  exuberant. 
Mr.  Witt  continued  with  this  proposition  until  1881, 
continually  buying  the  interests  of  those  going  away. 
He  was  the  last  big  mine  owner  on  the  ditch.  He  and 
his  father  took  homesteads  on  Camas  prairie  in  1876 
and  held  them  in  addition  to  mining.  Mr.  Witt  had 
also  bought  the  Buffalo  ditch  and  as  the  ground  be- 
came poorer  he  went  into  the  matter  deeper,  buying  out 
others.  Chinese  came  in  and  he  finally  leased  the 
various  grounds  to  them  and  furnished  water  from 
the  ditch.  In  1881,  when  he  left,  there  were  but  eleven 
white  men  in  the  camp.  In  February,  1882,  Mr.  Witt's 
father  died  and  he  took  as  partner  his  nephew,  James 
B.  Sloan..  They  held  over  nine  hundred  acres  of  land 
and  much  stock.  This  industry  continued  until  Jan- 
uary 14,  1902,  when  he  sold  the  entire  property  and 
came  to  Grangeville  to  reside,  where  he  has  since 
been.  In  1890  the  whites  began  to  jump  the  claims 
and  Mr.  Witt  was  obliged  to  return  to  Elk  to  save 
his  property  and  he  also  secured  some  more  valuable 
additions.  Lately  the  quartz  veins  have  been  discov- 
ered and  the  camp  is  again  coming  to  the  front  and  is 
bound  to  assume  proportions  to  command  attention 
and  the  investment  of  capital  for  development.  At 
the  time  of  the  Nez  Perces  war,  Mr.  Witt  was  in  the 
Elk  valley  and  all  the  summer  was  spent  in  building 
fortifications  and  preparing  to  resist  the  Indians,  but 
General  Howard  headed  the  savages  off  and  no  fa- 
talities occurred.  Mr.  Witt  became  a  master  Mason  in 
1874  and  has  frequently  been  master  of  his  lodge.  He 

fused  to  accept  the  nomination.  He  is  a  staunch, 
solid  Democrat,  has  always  taken  a  keen  interest  in 
politics  and  has  frequently  attended  the  state  conven- 
tion. Mr.  Witt  is  a  self  made  man  and  the  educa- 
tion of  his  younger  days  was  limited  to  careful  and 
continuous  reading.  Close  research  and  wise  weigh- 
ing of  the  questions  of  the  day  have  made  him  one  of 
the  best  informed  men  of  the  county  and  his  counsel 
and  his  words  are  heeded  in  his  party  bv  all. 


CYRUS  M.  LEE.  For  more  than  a  decade  have 
the  labors  of  the  subject  of  this  article  been  bestowed 
in  Idaho  county  with  wisdom  and  telling  effect  and  the 
result  is  a  goodly  holding  in  property  and  much  im- 


Cyrus  M.  Lee  was  born  in  Taylor  county,  Iowa,  on 
March  21,  1867,  the  son  of  Richard  H.  and  Susan 
(Overman)  Lee.  The  father  was  born  in  Cincinnati, 
on  June  16,  1835,  was  educated  and  reared  in  his  native 
place  and  there  on  August  25,  1861,  he  married  and 
came  to  Iowa  when  he  was  twenty-nine.  He  settled  in 
Taylor  county  in  1865,  among  the  first,  and  purchased 
the  first  threshing  outfit  in  the  county,  where  he  still 
lives  on  eighty  acres.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Miami  county,  Indiana,  on  May  23,  1841,  and 
her  parents  were  among  the  very  first  pioneers  of  Indi- 
ana. She  was  the  mother  of  eleven  children,  and  died  on 
January  4,  1894.  She  had  been  a  devout  member  of  the 
Christian  church.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  in 
Taylor  county  and  there  also  received  a  good  common 
schooling  and  remained  under  the  parental  roof  un- 
til he  was  twenty-two.  He  followed  farming  there 
until  March  25,  1891,  when  he  came  to  Camas  prairie 
and  commeneced  to  till  the  fertile  soil  here  and  to 
raise  cattle.  He  dwells  now  three  and  one  half  miles 
west  from  Tolo,  and  has  a  good  farm,  owns  about  fifty 
cattle  and  as  many  hogs,  besides  horses  and  other 
property.  Mr.  Lee  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters.  Gladys  M.  Wise,  Effie  M.  Roberts,  Delia  L. 
Welch,  Charles  H.,  Robert  E.,  William  C. 

On  March  4,  1891,  Mr.  Lee  married  Miss  Martha 
E.,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Margaret  Ritnour. 
The  father  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1835,  came 
to  Iowa  in  1874  and  now  lives  in  Nodaway,  Adams 
county,  Iowa.  The  mother  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  1838,  and  died  December  23,  1896.  Mrs.  Lee  was 
born  in  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  on  March  7,  1867,  and 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Harriet  Sykes, 
Tames,  Ellen  Graham,  Etta  Graham,  Henry,  deceased, 
Susie  Bellin,  Sadie  Blum,  Minnie  McLoughlin,  Jake, 
Carrie,  George.  Five  children  are  the  fruit  of  this 
marriage,  Charles  E.,  born  December  8,  1891  ;  Leslie 
H.,  born  August  10,  1893;  Arthur  M.,  born  April  9, 
1896;  Robert  E.,  born  August  31,  1898;  William  F., 
born  June  22,  1900.  Mr.  Lee  and  his  wife  are  both 
good  Democrats  and  are  strongly  in  favor  of  good  edu- 
cational facilities  and  good  roads.  Mrs.  Lee  belongs 
to  the  Methodist  church. 


FRANK  R.  PEARSON  is  in  reality  a  native  of 
Grangeville,  being  born  September  6,  1871,  on  his 
lather's  homestead,  which  is  the  ground  where  the 
north  half  of  the  town  is  now  located.  This  was  some 
years  before  the  town  was  located  and  Mr.  Pearson  has 
spent  most  of  his  life  in  this  locality.  His  father,  W. 
C.  Pearson,  was  a  stockman,  born  in  New  York  and 
died  in  1892.  He  came  here  in  an  early  day  and  took 
the  homestead  mentioned  above  and  his  father-in-law 
took  the  land  where  the  south  half  of  the  town  is  lo- 
cated. He  had  been  in  California  in  the  golden  days 
and  it  Was  in  the  fall  of  1861  that  he  made  his  way  to 
Idaho.  He  settled  here  and  dwelt  until  his  demise. 
He  was  prominent  in  county  affairs  and  several  times 
was  sent  to  the  legislature,  where  he  did  faithful  work. 
Being  a  Republican  and  the  county  Democratic,  it  was 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  marked  distinction  to  be  thus  honored.  He  was  an 
active  participant  in  the  measures  to  quell  the  savages 
and  was  held  in  high  esteem  by  all.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  Isabelle  Crooks,  who  was  born  in 
]owa  and  crossed  the  plains  in  early  days  with  her 
parents.  Her  father  was  one  of  the  very  first  settlers 
on  Camas  prairie.  Our  subject's  grandfather  was  one 
of  the  original  owners  of  tne  site  of  Portland.  Frank 
R.  was  educated  in  Grangeville  and  took  a  position  in 
Dr.  Bibby's  drug  store,  where  he  spent  five  years,  learn- 
ing thoroughly  the  business  of  the  pharmacist.  He  con- 
cluded the  examinations  in  excellent  shape  and  in  the 
spring  of  1891  he  bought  out  the  doctor  and  con- 
tinued in  handling  the  business  of  the  drug  store  un- 
til 1898,  having  as  partner,  George  Bonebrake.  When 
the  Spanish  war  broke  out,  he  sold  his  interest  to  his 
partner  and  volunteered  to  fight  for  his  country.  He 
went  to  Boise,  thence  to  San  Francisco,  enlisting  on 
March  26,  1898.  He  shipped  from  the  Golden  Gate 
on  June  27,  and  arrived  at  Manila  on  August  6,  just 
before  the  Americans  took  it.  He  was  in  that  engage- 
ment and  in  all  the  other  leading  ones  for  the  year.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  on  August  29,  1899,  and 
arrived  at  home  on  October  2,  1899.  He  then  engaged 
in  mining  at  Florence  for  a  time  and  in  December, 
1901,  in  partnership  with  J.  A.  Wood,  opened  a  drug 
store  in  Grangeville;  he  recently  bought  out  his  part- 
ner and  has  devoted  himself  to  his  business,  having  a 
fine  patronage. 


PERRY  E.   SHERWIN,  one  of  the  best  known 

and  wealthy  citizens  and  during  the  years  from  the 
early  settlers  until  the  present,  he  has  always  shown 
himself  to  be  a  man  of  energy,  wisdom,  enterprise  and 
integrity  and  it  is  fitting  to  recite  a  review  of  his  life 
in  the  history  of  the  county  which  he  assisted  to  build. 

Perry  E.  Sherwin  was  born  in  McHenry  county, 
Illinois,  "on  September  13,  1858,  the  son  of  Edwin  R. 
and  Susan  (Benson)  Sherwin,  natives  of  New  York, 
and  born  on  January  26,  1821,  and  in  1823,  respectively. 
The  mother  died  in  1898,  and  Mr.  Sherwin  died  in 
Grangeville,  February  23,  1903,  aged  eighty-two.  He 
had  crossed  the  plains  to  California  in  1861,  and  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  on  Camas  prairie,  coming  in  the 
spring  of  1862.  He  was  engaged  at  Lapwai  some  time 
after  coming  here,  then  mined  on  the  Salmon  and  also 
engaged  in  stock  raising  until  it  came  time  to  retire  from 
the  activities  of  business  to  enjoy  the  rewards  of  in- 
dustry. Our  subject  was  fourteen  when  the  family 
came  to  join  the  father  at  Lapwai.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  then  took  a  course  in  the 
collegiate  institute  at  Salt  Lake  City.  When  nineteen 
he  went  into  the  stock  business  for  himself  on  the 
Salmon  and  with  his  father  and  brother  he  continued 
in  it,  also  paying  attention  to  mining.  Mr.  Sherwin 
operated  extensively  in  these  lines  until  last  fall,  when 
he  sold  much  of  his"  stock  and  mining  interests.  He  has 
stock  on  the  range  still  and  also  much  land  in  var- 
ious portions  of  the  county,  while  he  owns  Court  House 
addition  to  Grangeville  and  considerable  land  adjoining 


the  city.  Mr.  Sherwin  was  here  during  all  the  Indian 
troubles.  They  built  fortifications  on  Slate  creek  and 
the  families  were  protected  there.  Mr.  Sherwin  was 
a  warm  personal  friend  of  Captain  McConville,  who  had 
command  of  the  volunteers. 

On  May  14,  1891,  Mr.  Sherwin  married  Miss  Alice, 
daughter  of  T.  M.  and  Martha  (Pease)  Crooks,  natives 
of  Indiana.  "  Air.  Crooks  crossed  the  plains  with  his 
wife  in  1852  and  settled  near  The  Dalles.  He  took  part 
in  all  the  wars  there.  In  1861,  he  came  to  Florence, 
bought  cattle  and  operated  a  butcher  shop.  He  re- 
moved his  family  to  the  present  site  of  Grangeville  in 
1865.  In  the  later  'seventies,  he,  with  William  Pear- 
son, founded  Grangeville,  the  two  owning  the  ground 
on  which  it  now  stands.  He  was  an  extensive  cattle 
man  and  also  owned  a  thousand  horses.  Mr.  Crooks 
was  a  noble  and  prominent  man  and  was  never  known 
to  turn  a  deaf  ear  to  a  fellow  being  in  need.  He  held 
different  county  offices  and  was  a  faithful  laborer  for  the 
advancement  of  the  county  and  town.  He  died, 
mourned  by  all,  in  1884.  His  widow  died  in  1896. 
Mrs.  Sherwin  was  born  in  The  Dalles,  in  1862,  was  . 
well  educated  and  taught  school  for  years.  She  was 
one  of  the  leading  teachers  in  the  Methodist  academy 
at  Grangeville  for  three  years.  She  was  here  during 
all  the  Indian  wars  and  is  a  true  pioneer.  She 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Jacob,  Mrs. 
Bell  Pearson,  John,  Mrs.  Emma  Bentz,  Charles.  Mr. 
Sherwin  has  one  sister,  Carrie.  Five  children  have 
been  born  to  this  household,  Clair  C.,  Edwin  R.,  Guy 
P.,  Neil,  Elbert.  Mr.  Sherwin  is  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  and  he  and  his  wife  are  both  Republicans. 


JOSEPH  G.  GILL  is  justly  entitled  to  be  classed 
as  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Idaho  county  as  he  has  been 
associated  with  substantial  improvement  and  material 
upbuilding  here  continually  since  his  advent.  He  now 
owns  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  good  land, 
about  six  miles  west  from  Tolo,  handles  fifty  cattle,  six- 
ty hogs,  twenty-eight  horses  and  with  Mr.  Ben  Zeh- 
ner  owns  a  threshing  outfit. 

Joseph  G.  Gill  was  born  in  Henry  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  June  21,  1843,  the  son  of  Washington  and 
Frances  A.  (Gibson)  Gill,  born  in  Kentucky  on  Decem- 
ber 25,  1806,  and  September  23,  1817.  respectively. 
The  father,  who  was  of  Irish  extraction,  was  reared 
and  followed  farming  in  Kentucky  until  1854,  when  he 
went  to  Boone  county,  Indiana,  to  take  two  hundred 
and  forty  acres  which  he  inherited  from  his  wife's  fa- 
iher  and  where  he  remained  until  his  death.  October 
T,.  1888,  being  then  possessed  of  an  estate  of  four  hun- 
dred acres.  The  mother's  father  was  a  saddle  tree 
maker  and  came  of  Irish  ancestry.  She  was  married 
March  16,  1836,  and  now  lives  in  Boone  county.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  his  native  state  and  Indiana, 
until  eighteen,  then  spent  his  whole  time  in  the  as- 
sistance of  his  father  until  of  age,  when  he  settled  on 
fifty-four  acres  given  him  by  his  father.  He  also 
worked  at  the  carpenter  trade.  In  September.  1870,  he 
came  to  Camas  prairie  and  took  a  homestead  west  from 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Denver.  Two  years  later  he  took  his  present  homestead. 
He  has  given  himself  exclusively  to  farming  and  rais- 
ing stock  except  for  half  a  dozen  summers  he  has 
mined  and  prospected.  Mr.  Gill  has  six  brothers  and 
sisters,  Mary  J.  Airhart,  deceased,  Robert  W.,  George 
W.,  Lucia  Reed,  Minnie.  Samuel. 

On  November  22,  1866,  .sir.  Gill  married  Miss 
Amanda  M.,  daughter  of  John  McLean.  She  was 
born  in  Indiana,  on  July  23,  1846,  and  died  on  Novem- 
ber 20,  1898,  leaving  the  following  children:  Cor- 
rella  M.  Church,  born  July  17,  1868;  John  W.,  born 
September  7,  1871;  Henry  C.,  born  August  9,  1873; 
Mary  E.  Rauch,  born  June  24,  1876;  Charles  M., 
born  March  14,  1879;  Minnie  M.,  born  February  2, 
1882,  and  died  February  7,  1903 ;  J.  Robert,  born  June 
29,  1885 ;  Mellvia,  born  July  9,  1891.  Mr.  Gill  is  a 
stanch  Democrat  and  active  for  general  improvements. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


CHARLES  S.  GREGORY  is  a  well  known  citi- 
zen of  Idaho  county,  now  residing  in  Whitebird,  where 
he  is  conducting  a  saloon.  He  was  born  in  Bureau 
county,  Illinois,  in  1857,  the  son  of  Edwin  and  Cath- 
erine Gregory,  natives  of  Ohio.  Charles  S.  came  west 
when  thirteen  and  settled  near  Denver.  For  eight 
years  thereafter  he  was  occupied  in  riding  the  range, 
then  went  to  Dakota  in  the  same  business  and  in 
1882  came  to  Idaho  county.  He  engaged  in  the  cat- 
tle business  on  the  Salmon  for  five  years,  taking  up 

Newsome  creek  and  in  1899,  we  find  Mr.  Gregory  on 
the  way  to  Nome,  he  prospected  a  few  months  and 
then  returned  to  Idaho  county.  He  then  came  to  White- 
bird  and  opened  his  present  business,  which  has  since 
claimed  his  attention.  In  1892  Mr.  Gregory  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Republican  party  for  sheriff,  and  won 
the  day  against  A.  Talkington,  after  a  hot  contest. 
The  county  was  decidedly  Democratic  and  it  was  a  sig- 
nal triumph  for  him.  Mr.  Gregory  has  also  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  only  Republican  who  ever  held 
this  position.  After  this,  he  was  nominated  for  county 
auditor,  Mr.  Talkington  winning  the  day  by  a  scanty 
majority.  The  entire  Republican  ticket  went  down, 
with  one  exception. 

In  September,  1902,  Mr.  Gregory  married  Mrs. 
Katie  Greenfield.  Mr.  Gregory  is  an  active  Republican, 
being  a  potent  factor  in  the  campaigns  as  well  as  in 
the  conventions  and  caucuses. 


WILLIAM  H.  CASADY,  a  prominent,  and  by 
many  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  best  campaign  orators 
of  the  entire  state  of  Idaho,  is  a  leading  lawyer  in 
Grangeville,  where  he  stands  high  in  the  esteem  and 
confidence  of  the  people  and  where  he  has  wrought 
much  good  in  promoting  improvements  and  upbuilding 
of  the  different  portions  of  the  country. 

William  H.  Casady  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Iowa,  on  April  22,  1860,  the  son  of  Weir  and  Hannah 


J.  (Hart)  Casady,  natives  of  Indiana.  The  father 
moved  to  Iowa  in  1847  and  died  in  1881,  aged  fifty- 
two.  His  brother  was  a  prominent  man  in  Iowa,  be- 
ing judge  in  the  district  court,  member  of  the  state 
senate,  and  register  of  the  United  States  land  office  in 
Des  Moines.  He  also  assisted  to  remove  the  capital 
to  that  city.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
1829  of  German  extraction  #nd  now  lives  in  Iowa.  Our 
subject  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  after  a  training  in 
the  common  schools,  completed  a  full  course  in  the  Os- 
kaloosa  college  and  then  took  up  the  real  estate  business 
in  northwestern  Iowa.  In  1888  he  went  to  Salt  Lake 
City,  there  also  taking  up  real  estate  and  devoting  him- 
self to  the  study  of  the  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  practiced  in  that  state  for  some  years  and  in 
June,  1899,  he  came  to  Grangeville,  opened  an  office 
and  here  he  has  been  in  constant  practice  since.  Mr. 
Casady  has  demonstrated  himself  to  be  a  man  of  ex- 
cellent ability,  naturally  endowed  for  his  profession, 
well  fortified  by  extensive  and  careful  reading,  and 
possessed  of  a  ready  perception,  keen  and  discrimi- 
nating, while  much  experience  has  placed  him  master 
of  the  profession  and  the  result  is  that  he  is  handling 
a  clientage  gratifying  in  its  extent  and  composed  of 
the  leading  substantial  men  of  the  country.  He  repre- 
sents several  leading  mining  companies  and  in  addition 
to  this  is  city  attorney,  being  given  the  office  without 
campaigning,  although  it  is  said,  in  this  line  of  cam- 
paigning he  is  second  to  none  in  the  state  and  has  spoken 
over  the  state  on  several  occasions.  Mr.  Casady  has 
also  campaigned  in  Montana  and  Utah.  He  was  ap- 
pointed chairman  of  the  state  wagon  road  commission 
and  was  the  moving  spirit  that  secured;  the  Little 
Salmon  wagon  road,  also  getting  an  appropriation  of 
six  thousand  dollars  from  the  Oregon  Short  Line  and 
I',  and  I.  N.  R.  R.  Companies  to  complete  it. 

In  1901,  Mr.  Casady  married  Mrs.  Dora  Crawford, 
daughter  of  C.  P.  Ma'dson  of  Utah.  Mr.  Casady  is 
the  sixth  child  of  a  family  of  thirteen,  all  living  but 
one.  Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the  K.  P.,  and  is. 
Chancellor  Commander  of  the  lodge. 


CHARLES  W.  STEWART  is  one  of  the  well-to- 
do  stockmen  of  Idaho  county,  and  he  also  does  general 
farming  and  operates  a  first-class  threshing  outfit.  He 
was  born  in  Callaway  county,  Missouri,  on  November 
16,  1851,  the  son  of  James  and  Gincy  (Baker)  Stewart, 
natives  of  Tennessee.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  of 
Missouri  and  followed  farming  and  teaching  school  all 
his  life.  He  died  in  the  spring  of  1852.  The  mother 
was  born  in  1810  and  died  in  September,  1893.  Her 
father  fought  in  the  Revolution.  Our  subject  was 
raised  in  his  native  place  until  twelve  and  then  took 
a  trip  to  Iowa  alone.  He  started  out  finally  for  him- 
self at  the  age  of  eighteen  and  when  twenty-one,  he 
rented  land  and  farmed  it  until  1886.  On  March  i, 
1886,  he  sold  out  and  headed  for  Camas  prairie.  He 
took  a  pre-emption  on  March  6  and  later  a  homestead. 
He  has  paid  attention  to  farming  and  raising  stock 
since.  In  1887  he  started  to  run  a  threshing  outfit 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


517 


which  he  still  continues.  A  few  figures  show  the  dif- 
ferent standing  of  the  country  then  and  now.  He 
bought  an  outfit  in  that  year,  did  eighteen  hundred  dol- 
lars' worth  of  business  and  had  to  borrow  two  hundred 
dollars  to  make  up  his  first  three  hundred  dollar  pay- 
ment. Such  was  the  state  of  collections.  Last  year 
Mr.  Stewart  bought  a  new  outfit  and  had  a  run  of 
thirty-six  hundred  dollars,  of  which  the  cash  was  all 
paid' to  him  in  fifteen  days.  Mr.  Stewart  now  owns 
a  section  of  excellent  land,  a  good  threshing  outfit, 
some  cattle,  two  hundred  and  fifty  hogs,  and  other 
property  to  match. 

On  'December  5,  1872,  Mr.  Stewart  married  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  and  Christine  (Jay) 
Smith.  Mr.  Smith  was  born  in  Bedford  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1804  and  in  1853  started  to  Ohio  and  died 
wuroute.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Stewart  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania in  1816  and  died  in  1853  on  her  way  to  Ohio. 
Mrs.  Stewart  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1850,  October  12,  and  has  the  follow- 
ing brothers  and  sisters:  Frederic,  Catherine  Poling, 
Francis  M.,  John  T.,  Sarah  A.  Sawyer,  William,  all  in 
Iowa.  These  children  were  raised  by  a  bachelor  uncle 
and  maiden  aunt  of  their  father.  Mrs.  Smith's  grand- 
father was  in  the  Revolution. 

Mr.  Smith  has  two  brothers,  Jacob  and  James.  Five 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stewart,  Oli- 
ver B.,  born  December  24,  1873 ;  James  L.,  born  Jan- 
uary 16,  1875 ;  Catherine,  deceased,  born  January  24, 
1879;  Ray,  born  November  14,  1888;  Stella  G.,'bdrn 
April  19,  1891.  Mrs.  Stewart  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church.  Mr.  Stewart  is  a  prominent  and  in- 
fluential man  and  his  excellent  wisdom  and  qualifica- 
tions have  been  shown  in  his  first  class  success,  which 
he  justly  enjoys,  being  a  man  of  energy,  hard  labor  and 
untiring  care  of  his  business. 


JAMES  R.  McCONNELL  is  one  of  the  men  whose 
labors  are  for  the  general  advancement  of  the  county 
of  Idaho  and  whose  skill  and  wisdom  put  forth  in 
good  action,  have  achieved  a  gratifying  success  in  the 
line  of  stock  raising  and  farming.  He  was  born,  in  Clay 
county,  Illinois,  on  June  26,  1860,  the  son  of  Robert 
and  Elizabeth  J.  (Morford)  McConnell.  The  father 
was  born  in  Portsmouth,  Ohio,  on  July  5,  1828,  was 
reared  there  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  with 
his  father.  In  1856  he  came  to  Xenia,  Clay  county,  Illi- 
nois, and  followed  merchandising  until  1880  and  in 
March  of  the  next  year  he  came  to  Moscow  and  on 
May  24,  opened  a  store  there.  In  May,  1884,  he  sold 
out  and  September  20  came  to  Camas  prairie,  bought 
land  and  farmed  until  IQOO,  when  he  removed  to  the 
Salmon  river,  where  he  raises  fruit.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Jackson  county,  Ohio,  on  April 
3,  1836.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  of  that  state.  She 
was  married  in  March  27,  1856,  and  still  lives  on  the 
Salmon.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  and  educated 
in  Illinois  and  graduated  from  Olney  College  in  June, 
1879.  Then  he  went  into  the  mercantile  business  with 
his  father  and  since  that  time  has  continued  with  him. 


They  own  jointly,  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  near 
Tolo  and  a  quarter  on  the  Salmon  river.  He  gives  his 
attention  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock.  Mr. 
McConnell  has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Frank,  de- 
ceased ;  Minnie  Barkwell,  in  Portland,  Oregon. 

On  September  18,  1887,  Mr.  McConnell  married 
Miss  Rhoda  L.,  daughter  of  Seth  and  Jane  Jones,  who 
are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  She  was  born 
on  July  3,  1870,  in  Idaho  county.  The  following  named 
children  have  been  born  to  this  union  :  Minnie  B.,  born 
September  22,  1888;  Kennard  J.,  born  February  17, 
1893 ;  Edna  Maud,  born  April  i,  1901.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
McConnell  are  Republicans  and  active  in  the  political 
realm.  He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  O.  W. 


JAMES  BUCHANNON,  a  prominent  miner  and 
stockman  at  Grangeville.  was  born  in  Ireland  on  De- 
cember 16,  1835,  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Mitch- 
ell) Buchannon,  also  natives  of  the  Emerald  Isle.  The 
father  died  and  then  the  mother  brought  her  family  to 
Canada,  in  1845,  where  she  also  died  in  1864.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  in  Canada,  received  his  education  and 
learned  the  shoemaker  trade  there.  When  in  1854,  he 
had  arived  at  the  state  of  manhood,  he  went  to  Roches- 
ter, New  York,  then  returned  to  Canada  a  year  later 
and  in  1859,  came  via  the  isthmus,  to  the  coast  and 
mined  in  the  various  camps.  In  1863  he  was  in  Vir- 
ginia City,  Nevada;  in  July,  1864,  mined  at  Boise, 
where  he  did  well  for  two  years  and  then  followed  the 
search  in  British  Columbia,  returning  to  Lewiston  and 
later  went  to  the  Salmon  river  camps.  He  mined  five 
years  in  Florence,  doing  well,  and  in  1887  Mr.  Buch- 
annon came  to  Camas  prairie,  bought  one  hundred  and 
seventy-six  acres  and  took  a  homestead  adjoining  it, 
and  engaged  in  raising  stock.  He  recently  sold  this 
property.  He  has  also  paid  much  attention  to  mining 
and  now  owns  some  good  property.  He  has  one  brother 
and  three  sisters  in  Canada,  William,  Margaret.  Eliza- 
beth, Jane.  Mr.  Buchannon  is  a  member  of  the  Pio- 
neer's Association  and  regarding  the  Nez  Perces  war 
he  relates  that  he  was  at  Mt.  Idaho  when  the  outbreak 
came  and  assisted  to  form  a  company  of  volunteers  un- 
der Captain  D.  V.  Randal,  he  himself  being  one  of  the 
company.  A  company  of  sixty  or  seventy  was  formed 
and  on  July  5.  1877,  seventeen  of  these  volunteers  un- 
der Captain  Randall  started  from  Mt.  Idaho  in  re- 
sponse to  a  call  from  the  government  troops  at  Cotton- 
wood,  over  one  hundred  under  Captains  Perry  and 
Whipple,  to  come  to  their  aid.  The  seventeen  brave 
men  leaving  in  charge  of  the  women  and  children  only 
about  fifty  men  at  Mt.  Idaho,  started  out  to  assist  their 
fellow  beings  at  Cottonwood,  not  knowing  the  full  con- 
dition of  affairs,  but  only  informed  that  on  the  Fourth 
of  July  the  Indians  had  surrounded  the  troops  at  Cot- 
tonwood and  an  engagement  had  ensued.  When 
these  volunteers  came  within  four  miles  of  Cottonwood, 
coming  from  the  southeast,  they  discerned  by  means 
of  a  field  glass,  the  Indians  coming  down  Grass  creek 
towards  the  Cottonwood  and  making  for  the  open  coun- 
try. They  pressed  towards  Cottonwood  to  assist  the 


5i8 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ones  there  in  entrenchments  and  when  within  one  mile 
of  the  place  the  savages  burst  on  them  from  the  south- 
west, cutting  square  across  their  route.  Chief  Joseph 
was  in  command  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  Indians.  Im- 
mediately the  action  commenced  and  soon  the  Indians 
had  surounded  the  volunteers,  who  spread  out  so  as  to 
avoid  bullets  as  much  as  possible.  The  whites  were 
first-class  marksmen  and  frontiersmen  of  skill  and 
courage,  else  none  would  have  been  left  to  tell  the 
tale.  Instead  of  the  troops  coming  forth  to  attack  the 
Indians  in  the  rear,  they  lay  snugly  behind  their  in- 
trenchments  and  watched  proceedings  with  their  field 
glasses.  Bravely  the  little  band  charged  and  charged 
again  and  so  deadly  was  their  aim  that  the  savages  re- 
coiled before  them.  But  they  were  not  to  escape  with- 
out serious  loss.  Their  brave  captain  was  killed,  as  also 
were  Howser  and  Ben  Evans,  while  Leland,  Charles 
Johnson  and  one  other  were  wounded.  The  horse  of 
subject  was  shot  and  also  that  of  Frank  Vansise. 


Thre 


civil 


mounted,  but  nine  were  left  to  fight  the  Indians.  But 
the  deadly  accuracy  of  these  plainsmen  was  too  much 
even  to  satisfy  Joseph  and  he  began  after  the  repeated 
charges  to  withdraw  his  men,  who  carried  their  dead 
and  wounded,  which  were  considerable,  but  the  exact 
number  has  never  been  found.  We  should  state  that 
the  little  handful  of  whites  actually  broke  through  the 
line  of  the  savages,  then  wheeled  and  fought  them  back 
until,  as  said,  they  withdrew.  We  also  shoud  state  that 
during  this  terrible  conflict  for  life  on  the  part  of  these 
brave  men  who  were  coming  to  the  assistance  of  the 
troops  in  Cottonwood,  not  one  had  come  to  their  as- 
sistance and  the  deadly  struggle  was  calmly  watched 
from  behind  intrenchments.  Later  two,  George  Shearer 
and  another  man,  probably  not  regulars,  came  to  the 
assistance  of  the  volunteers.  The  Indians  continued 
across  the  county  toward  Kamiah  and  the  next  day  the 
volunters  took  their  dead  and  wounded  back  to  Mt. 
Idaho,  a  sad  spectacle  of  those  who  in  real  bravery 
would  have  assisted  their  fellows  who  lay  behind  breast- 
works and  saw  helpers  shot  down  without  raising  an 
arm  to  repel  the  foe.  Captain  McConville  came  across 
the  country  from  the  Salmon  that  very  night,  having 
heard  the  shots  and  the  next  day  followed  the  Indians. 
Regarding  William  Foster,  a  half  breed  scout  who  fell 
on  the  fourth  of  July  while  scouting  and  whose  grave  is 
now  marked  with  a  monument  a  few  miles  north  from 
Cottonwood,  an  account  is  given  in  another  portion. 


ORREN  BENTLEY  is  a  farmer  and  stockman 
and  lives  seven  miles  west  from  Tolo.  He  was  born 
in  Pike  county,  Illinois,  on  May  15,  1842,  the  son  of 
Gideon  and  Harriet  E.  (Wheeler)  Bentley.  The 
father  was  born  in  New  York,  on  May  4,  1793,  where 
he  was  reared.  His  father  was  a  patriot  in  the  Revo- 
lution. Gideon  Bentley  removed  to  Ohio,  thence  to 
Pike  county.  Illinois,  where  he  took  a  preemption  and 
farmed.  Later  he  sold  out  and  erected  a  saw  mill, 
a  grist  mill  and  a  carding  mill.  Later  he  sold  these 
properties  and  went  to  Perry,  Illinois,  where  he  re- 


mained until  his  death  on  May  20,  1870.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Maryland,  on  December 
17,  1799,  and  died  August  23,  1885.  Our  subject  was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  place  and  when 
fourteen  went  out  to  work.  On  August  3,  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  C,  Twenty-seventh  Illinois  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  under  Captain  L.  French  Williams, 
fought  all  through  the  war  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged on  September  14,  1864.  He  had  been  in  the 
army  of  the  Cumberland  and  participated  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Belmont,  Union  City,  Island  No.  Ten,  Cor- 
inth, Chickamauga,  Mission,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca, 
Atlanta  and  many  others  besides  skirmishes.  After 
the  war  he  went  to  the  Cherokee  strip  and  returned  on 
horseback.  Then  he  worked  out  and  later  rented  land 
in  Illinois  until  the  fall  of  1879,  when  he  went  to 
Pottawatomie  county,  Kansas,  and  settled  on  school 
land,  where  he  remained  until  April  12,  1885,  when  he 
landed  on  Camas  prairie.  He  took  land,  spent  two 


years  n  the  mountains  and  then  settled  to  farming. 
He  now  devotes  himself  to  general  farming  and  stock 
raising  and  is  prosperous.  Mr.  Bentley  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters:  Sophrona  Conner,  New- 
man, Harriet  E.  Love,  deceased,  Mahlon,  Elizabeth, 
William,  Lydia  A.  Hulett,  Oscar,  Orestus.  Lodema 
Shelly. 

On  September  12,  1867,  Mr.  Bentley  married  Miss 
Bidsey  A.,  daughter  of  Jackson  and  Amanda  (Bond) 
Johnson.  Mr.  Johnson  was  born  in  Virginia,  on  No- 
vember 14,  1825,  removed  to  Illinois  with  his  parents, 
enlisted  in  Company  F,  Ninety-ninth  Illinois  Volunteer 
Infantry  in  1862,  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
went  down  the  Mississippi  to  New  Orleans,  where  he 
contracted  a  pulmonary  disease  from  which  he  died 
on  June  15,  1885.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Bentley  was 
born  January  22,  1829,  in  Tennessee,  Shelby  county, 
removed  to  Illinois  with  her  parents  and  now  lives  at 
Whitebird,  Idaho  county.  Mrs.  Bentley  was  born 
on  April  13,  1850,  in  Pike  county,  Illinois,  and  has  six 
brothers  and  sisters:  John,  Minerva  Cain,  Douglas, 
Harison.  Nellie  Thompson,  Arminta  Schmadeka.  The 
following  named  children  have  been  born  to  this  mar- 
riage: Viola  Sidden,  born  April  12,  1869;  Violetta, 
born  March  23,  1870,  and  died  October  4,  1886; 
Francis  H.,  born  October  6,  1872;  Lelia  Inghram, 
born  May  15,  1874;  Lizzie  Brady,  born  February  28, 
1878;  John  A.,  born  April  6,  1880;  Ray,  born  'May 
10,  1882,  died  September  27,  1883;  Ernest  O..  born 
August  13,  1884;  Harley  R.,  born  September  30,  and 
died  January  15,  1891  ;  Austin,  born  September  24, 
1889,  and  died  February  5,  1891  ;  Minnie,  born  May. 
19,  1892.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bentley  are  Republicans  and 
take  an  intelligent  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  political 
realm.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  they  both  ' 
belong  to  the  Christian  church. 


TELON  E.  ECKLAND  is  one  of  the  leading 
stockmen  of  Idaho  county;  he  has  achieved  his  pros- 
perous position  by  the  meritorious  labors  of  his  hands 
and  the  industry  and  skill  of  which  he  is  possessed. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


He  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  May  21,  1869,  the  son  of 
Aderius  and  Nellie  (Nelson)  Eckland,  born  in  Swed- 
en, in  1839  and  1837,  respectively.  They  still  live 
in  Sweden.  Our  subject  was  educated  and  reared  in 
his  native  land  until  eleven  and  then  came  to  America 
with  an  uncle.  They  located  in  Iowa,  where  he  at- 
tended school  for  four  years  more.  In  the  spring  of 
1884  he  came  to  Camas  prairie  with  his  uncle,  Nels 
Swanson.  He  took  his  present  place  as  a  homestead 
and  has  added  to  it  until  it  is  three  hundred  and  sixty 
acres.  Mr.  Eckland  has  devoted  his  attention  to  gen- 
eral farming  and  raising  stock  until  the  present  time. 
He  has  his  place  well  improved  and  owns  one  hundred 
head  of  cattle,  as  many  hogs  and  plenty  of  horses  to 
handle  his  property. 

Mr.  Eckland  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters: Ole,  Annie,  Pearson,  Johanna,  Swante.  Mr. 
Eckland  is  a  good  Democrat  and  active  in  progression 
in  substantial  improvements.  He  is  a  real  worker 
for  better  schools  and  roads. 


JOHN  A.  HANSON.  For  more  than  a  decade, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  been  in  business  in 
Grangeville  operating  a  first-class  photograph  gal- 
lery here  and  because  of  his  skill  and  excellent  busi- 
ness methods  is  favored  with  a  thriving  patronage. 

John  A.  Hanson  was  born  in  Denmark,  in  1854, 
the  son  of  P.  H.  and  Christine  (Hanson)  Hanson,  both 
natives  of  Denmark  and  now  living  there.  The  father 
was  born  in  1836  and  the  mother  is  now  aged  seventy- 
two.  Our  subject  attended  the  public  school,  gradu- 
ated from  high  school  and  remained  in  his  country 

tious  for  the  opportunities  to  be  found  in  this  coun- 
try, he  came  hither  when  nineteen.  Settlement  was 
made  in  New  York,  then  a  year  was  spent  in  La  Salle, 
Illinois,  and  in  December,  1874,  he  came  to  Cali- 
fornia. In  Oakland  he  learned  thoroughly  the  art 
of  the  photographer  and  followed  that  business  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  state  for  some  years.  He  was  at 
Susanville  and  also  traveled  during  the  summers.  In 
1883  Mr.  Hanson  married  Miss  Fannie  Strehley,  born 
in  Fredericksburg,  Virginia.  General  Hancock  had 
his  headquarters  on  her  father's  plantation  during  the 
Rebellion  and  she  experienced  the  horrors  of  war,  be- 
ing in  the  path  of  the  contending  armies.  After  the 
war,  Mrs.  Hanson  spent  most  of  her  time  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  until  coming  to  California.  She  has 
five  brothers  and  one  sister,  while  Mr.  Hanson  has 
one  sister  and  three  brothers.  In  1890  Mr.  Hanson 
came  to  Moscow  and  there  entered  into  partnership 
with  Mr.  Erickson,  the  firm  being  Erickson  &  Hanson. 
They  had  been  in  partnership  in  California  under 
the  name  of  Hanson  &  Erickson.  In  1891  Mr.  Han- 
son came  to  Grangeville,  still  continuing  the  partner- 
ship and  later  dissolved  the  same  and  opened  on  his 
own  responsibility.  Mr.  Hanson  has  given  attention 
to  writing  for  the  magazines  and  has  done  much  work 
for  illustrating,  which  gives  him  a  magnificent  col- 
lection, perhaps  the  finest  in  the  state.  The  views  are 


of  the  noted  places  in  the  northwest,  scenes  and  bat- 
tle grounds  of  the  country  and  are  valuable.  Mr. 
Hanson  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  passed 
all  the  chairs.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  grand  en- 
campment for  three  successive  years.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Red  Men.  Mrs.  Hanson  is  a  member 
of  the  Episcopalian  church.  Mr.  Hanson  owns  con- 
siderable property  and  is  one  of  the  leading  business 
men  of  the  town  and  stands  well. 


JOHN  A.  WOOD.  The  firm  of  Pearson  &  Wood 
is  well  known  in  Grangeville,  being  leading  druggists 
there.  Both  of  these  gentlemen  are  also  natives  of 
Idaho  county  and  are  sons  in  whom  the  county  takes 
pardonable  pride.  John  A.  Wood  was  born  at  Free- 
dom, Idaho  county,  on  March  15,  1877,  just  prior 
to  the  stirring  scenes  of  tne  Nez  Perces  war.  His 
parents  are  Charles  B.  and  Elizabeth  (Green)  Wood, 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine,  and  born  in  1846 
and  1852,  respectively.  The  mother  came  to  the  west 
in  the  early  sixties  with  relatives  and  is  now  dwelling 
in  Grangeville.  The  father  was  a  merchant  and  died 
in  1898,  an  honored  and  prominent  man.  In  the  ear- 
ly 'fifties  he  went  to  California  with  his  father  and 
mined.  In  1862  they  came  to  Idaho,  he  being  then 
sixteen.  They  soon  settled  at  Freedom  and  he  took 
up  the  mercantile  business.  Mr.  Wood,  the  father  of 
our  subject,  was  in  charge  of  a  company  of  volun- 
teers at  Slate  creek  and  built  a  stockade.  It  was  here 
that  the  Nez  Perces  squaw,  Tolo,  rendered  the  valua- 
ble service  which  made  her  a  bright  name  in  history. 
She  notified  the  whites  at  Freedom,  then  rode  to  Flor- 
ence and  brought  a  squad  of  sixteen  men  to  assist 
in  defending  the  stockade.  Our  subject's  uncle, 
Charlie  Cone,  met  the  three  Indians  who  shed  the 
first  blood  of  the  war,  having  killed  Elfers  and  Breck- 
inridge  at  the  John  Day  ranch.  They  told  Cone  what 
they  had  done  and  advised  him  to  go  home  and  mind 
his  business  and  he  would  not  be  molested.  Taking 
them  at  their  word,  he  rode  away  and  they  did  not 
shoot  him  in  the  back,  but  he  was  careful  to  keep  an 
eye  on  them.  Our  subject  spent  the  first  seven  years 
of  his  life  in  Freedom  and  then  the  family  came  to 
Grangeville,  the  father  entering  business  there.  He  was 
a  prominent  man  and  in  1890  was  elected  sheriff  of 
the  county.  John  A.  received  a  liberal  education  from 
the  common  schools  and  the  Methodist  academy  and 
at  the  end  of  his  school  days  he  commenced  the  fas- 
cinating occupation  of  mining  in  the  Salmon  river 
country.  He  was  in  the  various  leading  camps  and 
in  1898  came  out  to  enlist  in  the  cause  of  his  country 
in  the  Spanish  war.  He  was  in  service  seventeen 
months,  being  one  of  the  Idaho  volunteers.  He  took 
part  in  the  capture  of  Manila  and  also  was  in  the 
leading  engagements  during  the  time  he  was  there. 
Mr.  Wood  was  one  of  the  number  who  held  the  Guada- 
loup  church,  two  hundred  and  fifty  of  them 
holding  at  bay  three  thousand,  five  Hundred 
of  their  enemies.  He  started  home  on  July 
31,  1899,  ant!  arrived  in  San  Francisco  '  on 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


- 

rson is  in  charge  of 
tly  while  Mr.  Wood 


September  26.  In  December,  1901,  Mr.  Wood 
formed  his  present  partnership  and  has  contin- 
ued at  this  line  since.  Mr.  Pearson 
the  business  in  Grangeville  mostl 
devotes  his  attention  to  the  mining  properties  of  the 
firm.  Mr.  Wood  has  two  sisters  and  four  brothers: 
Anna  C.  Norwood,  Laura  E.,  James  G.,  Charles  H., 
Harry  E.,  Frank.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and 
also  of  the  Episcopal  church.  Mr.  Wood  is  an  ac- 
tive and  well  informed  Democrat. 


A.  FRED  CURTIS.  This  genial  young  man,  who 
Is  proprietor  and  operator  of  the  Whitebird  ferry,  is 
one  of  the  enterprising  men  of  the  valley,  conducts 
a  thriving  business  and  maintains  an  excellent  stand- 
ing in  the  community.  He  was  born  in  Riley  county, 
Kansas,  on  March  12,  1877,  the  son  of  George  W.  and 
Ella  (Waugh)  Curtis.  The  father,  who  was  a  mer- 
chant, was  born  in  New  Jersey,  in  1852  and  now  lives 
•on  Rapid  river.  He  crossed  the  plains  in  1879,  did 
saw  milling  in  Montana,  operated  a  hotel  in  Prairie 
City,  Oregon,  and  later  went  to  raising  stock.  He  en- 
listed as  drummer  boy  in  the  Civil  war  but  his  father 
took  him  out  of  the  ranks.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Iowa  in  1857.  Our  subject  was  with  his  parents  in 
their  various  moves  and  received  most  of  his  educa- 
tion in  Oregon  and  Idaho.  He  settled  in  Idaho  in 
1888  and  at  once  went  to  riding  the  range  for  stock. 
He  selected  his  homestead,  between'  the  ferry  and 
Whitebird,  where  he  now  lives.  Mr.  Curtis  rode  the 
range  for  six  years  and  then  went  to  raising  stock  for 
himself.  His  father  established  the  ferry  in  1892, 
which  in  1898  our  subject  bought  and  since  that  time 
he  has  paid  attention  to  running  it.  His  homestead  is 
the  old  worshiping  place  of  the  Indians  and  posses- 
ses some  ancient  fortifications.  It  is  the  place  where 
the  Indians  crossed  when  pursued  by  General  How- 
ard. 

In  1898  Mr.  Curtis  married  Miss  Eliza,  daughter 
of  James  and  Mary  Nash,  of  Irish  descent  and  now 
living  in  Kansas.  Mrs.  Curtis  was  born  in  Kansas,  in 
1880.  Mr.  Curtis  has  four  sisters,  Mattie  Rossiter, 
Elva  Dorman,  Pearl  Irwin,  Lulu  Caruthers.  Three 
children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage,  Blanche, 
Grace,  Genevieve.  Mr.  Curtis  is  an  active  and  in- 
fluential Democrat  and  one  of  the  prominent  young 
men  of  the  section. 


FRANK  Z.  TAYLOR,  a  substantial  and  capable 
business  man  of  Whitebird.  is  at  the  present  holding 
the  position  of  justice  of  the  peace  and  United  States 
Land 'Commissioner,  while  also  he  is  a  notary  public 
and  does  a  general  transfer  business. 

Frank  Z.  Taylor  was  born  in  Grant  county,  Wis- 
consin, on  April  5,  1849,  the  son  of  John  A.  and  Sar- 
ah (McKanzie)  Taylor.  The  father  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1825  and  now  lives  in  Walla  Walla.  He  is 
a  bridge  builder  and  established  a  ferry  near  Port- 


land in  1854,  which  he  operated  until  1864.  when  he 
established  a  toll  bridge.  He  represented  Washing- 
ton county  there  in  the  legislature  several  terms.  The 
mother  was  born  in  1825  in  Kentucky  and  now  lives 
in  Wallla  Walla.  The  family  crossed  the  plains  to 
the  Willamette  valley  in  1852  with  ox  teams  and  the 
younger  days  of  our  subject  were  spent  there,  being 
filled  with  worthy  endeavor  as  one  will  notice  when 
we  understand  that  he  gained  a  good  education,  fin- 
ishing the  same  in  McMinnville  college,  and  also  mas- 
tered the  brick  layers'  trade  before  he  was  twenty. 
Then  he  got  married  and  settled.  He  has  farmed  and 
raised  stock  in  various  places  since  then  and  has  been 
engaged  in  different  occupations.  In  1878  Mr.  Taylor 
left  Oregon  and  came  to  Walla  Walla.  Six  years  later 
he  removed  to  Pomeroy  and  worked  at  his  trade. 
Then  we  see  him  in  Moscow  occupied  with  mining  for 
two  years.  In  1894  he  came  to  Whitebird  and  took 
land.  In  1898  Mr.  Taylor  opened  a  hotel  there  and 
did  a  good  business  until  1903,  January  17,  when  he 
sold  and  since  then  has  devoted  himself  to  handling 
his  other  business.  He  owns  various  properties  and 
some  in  town. 

On  August  4,  1869,  Mr.  Taylor  married  Miss 
Mary  M.,  daughter  of  Matthew  Thompson,  a  native 
of  Ireland  and  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war.  Mrs.  Taylor 
was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1849.  The  following  named  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  marriage :  Frank  T.,  Effie, 
John  M.,  Walter  A.,  Mrs.  Loris  Foskett,  all  in  or 
near  Whitebird.  Mr.  Taylor  has  three  sisters  and 
one  brother :  Mrs.  L.  L.  Kelly,  Mrs.  Ella-  Meade,  Mrs. 
Jennie  Wann,  John  E.  A  niece,  Miss  Kelly,  is  pri- 
vate secretary  to  President  Dole  at  Honolulu.  Mr. 
Taylor  is  an  active  and  influential  Republican  and 
always  is  a  leader  in  the  conventions  and  the  cam- 
paigns. He  was  chairmen  of  the  convention  and  while 
he  works  for  his  party,  has  never  sought  office,  the 
same  coming  to  him. 


BURT  L.  CROSBY  is  one  of  the  leading  mer- 
chants in  Idaho  county  and  is  carrying  on  in  Grange- 
ville the  only  exclusive  store  of  ladies'  and  .gents'  fur- 
nishings in  this  section  of  the  country.  His  skill  and 
uniformly  deferential  treatment  of  patrons,  with  stir- 
ring enterprise,  have  placed  him  in  a  very  successful 
position  and  brought  to  his  door  a  patronage  that  is 
both  gratifying  and  the  proper  reward  of  honest  effort 
wisely  bestowed. 

Burt  L.  'Crosby  was  born  in  Kasson,  Minnesota, 
on  [anuary  12,  1870,  the  son  of  William  R.  and  Julia 
E.  (Hackett)  Crosby,  born  in  New  York  in  1836  and 
in  Pennsylvania  in  1838,  respectively.  The  father 
died  on  January  12,  1888.  He  had  been  a  pioneer  in 
Minnesota  and  took  part  in  the  Indian  wars  in  that 
state.  His  father  died  in  Andersonville  prison  in  the 
Civil  war  and  his  grandfather,'  the  great-grandfather 
of  our  subject,  was  a  patriot  in  the  Revolution.  The 
mother  of  Burt  L.  died  in  Minnesota  in  January, 
1898.  Her  father  fought  in  the  Indian  wars  in  Min- 
nesota, being  a  pioneer ;  her  grandfather  was  a  native 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  Scotland.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  his 
native  place,  was  well  educated  and  then  took  a  busi- 
ness course.  Following  that  he  became  a  salesman  in 
a  general  merchandise  establishment,  then  went  to  Ab- 
ercrombie,  North  Dakota,  where  he  was  bookkeeper 
for  a  corporation  for  five  years.  They  handled  dry 
goods,  real  estate  and  mining  interests.  He  remained 
here  until  1898,  then  came  to  the  coast,  after  which  he 
returned  to  Minnesota  and  for  a  time  conducted  bank- 
rupt sales.  In  1900  Mr.  Crosby  established  his  pres- 
ent business  in  Grangeville  with  J.  Frank  Sims.  This 
was  in  May  and  since  that  time  Mr.  Crosby  has  con- 
ducted a  successful  business  here.  Mr.  Sims  sold  out 
the  first  of  the  year,  1903,  eastern  parties  being  the 
buyers.  Mr.  Crosby  holds  a  controlling  interest  and 
is  managing  the  business. 

On  March  21,  1900,  Mr.  Crosby  married  Miss  Jen- 
nie M.,  daughter  of  William  Henry,  a  prominent  build- 
er in  Winnepeg  and  now  a  well  known  farmer  at 
Hoople,  North  Dakota.  The  parents  are  of  Irish  ex- 
traction. Mrs.  Crosby  was  born  near  London,  Can- 
ada, on  October  25,  1870,  and  has  the  following  broth- 
ers and  sisters:  George,  David,  William,  Mrs.  Char- 
lotte Mason.  Mr.  Crosby  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Auchinviole,  Walter,  J.  M., 
Rov.  Mr.  Crosby  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  of  the  M.  W.  A. 
Mrs.  Crosby  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 
They  are  Republicans  in  politics  and  Mrs.  Crosby  is 
thoroughly  interested  in  the  business  her  husband 
is  carrying  on  and  ably  assists  him  in  his  labors. 


WILLIAM  C.  McNUTT  is  at  the  present  time 
county  surveyor  of  Idaho  county,  being  elected  to 
that  position  in  the  fall  of  1902.  This  was  the  first 
occasion  that  he  ever  allowed  his  name  to  be  placed  on 
the  ticket  and  it  was  here  on  the  Democratic  list.  Mr. 
McNutt  is  a  man  of  great  skill  and  experience  in  the 
intricacies  of  civil  engineering  and  has  held  some  very 
responsible  positions  in  leading  companies  in  the  Unit- 
ed States.  He  was  born  in  Craig  county,  Virginia,  on 
October  6,  1862,  the  son  of  James  R.  and  Ann  (Row- 
an) McNutt,  natives  of  Virginia  and  born  in  1828  and 
1832,  respectively.  The  father  died  in  1863,  being 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  while  serving  un- 
der Early.  Mr.  McNutt  was  of  Scotch-Irish  extrac- 
tion and  his  maternal  uncle,  Colonel  Hutchinson,  serv- 
ed with  distinction  in  the  Revolution.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  died  in  1864.  She  was  of  German  and 
English  extraction ;  her  brother,  John  M.  Rowan,  was 
state  treasurer  of  Virginia  for  several  terms.  This 
gentleman's  son,  Andrew  S.,  is  now  captain  in  the 
Nineteenth  U.  S.  Infantry  and  won  marked  distinction 
in  the  Cuban  war.  Our  subject  being  left  an  orphan 
when  two  years  old,  he  was  reared  and  educated  by  his 
paternal  grandparents.  From  the  common  to  the 
high  school  he  won  his  way  and  then  took  a  thorough 
course  in  the  state  normal  and  completed  his  profes- 
sional studies  when  he  was  eighteen :  however,  he  has 
delved  deep  into  the  lore  of  mathematics  since  that 


time.  Mr.  McNutt  at  once  accepted  a  position  with 
the  Nickle  Plate  railroad,  then  wrought  for  the  Grand 
Trunk,  the  Michigan  Air  Line,  then  with  Brown 
Howard  &  Company,  and  later  went  on  to  the  Bur- 
lington and  Northern.  .  After  this  he  was  with  the 
Northern  Pacific  and  with  all  these  companies  was  a 
leading  civil  engineer,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific 
had  charge  of  much  of  their  work,  under  C.  C.  Van 
Arsclal,  the  entire  Palouse  branch  as  to  its  tracks 
and  bridges.  When  this  line  was  completed  Mr.  Mc- 
Nutt went  to  Pierce,  mined  and  prospected  and  in 
various  other  districts  he  continued  in  this  until  1899 
and  the  following  year  he  opened  a  civil  engineering 
office  in  Grangeville  and  has  done  work  for  the  leading 
companies  of  the  tributary  mining  camps.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1902,  he  was  elected  county  surveyor  as  said  and 
is  giving  entire  satisfaction  in  this  responsible  capac- 
ity. Mr.  McNutt  has  two  brothers,  Robert  B.  and 
Rutherford  L.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  has 
always  been  active  in  politics  and  in  any  movement  for 
the  advancement  of  the  welfare  of  all.  Mr.  Mc- 
Nutt has  considerable  mining  property;  he  is  a  sub- 
stantial man  and  a  public  minded  citizen  of  excellent 
standing. 


JACOB  L.  WEBER,  who  lives  three  miles  north- 
west from  Denver,  is  one  of  the  industrious  and  intel- 
ligent farmers  and  stockmen  of  Idaho  county.  He 
owns  a  half  section  of  fertile  land  and  handles 'it  with 
becoming  skill  and  wisdom  which  give  him  abundant 
annual  returns  of  the  fruits  of  the  field.  In  addition 
to  the  general  farming  mentioned,  Mr.  Weber  also 
raises  about  seventy  head  of  cattle,  fifty  hogs  an- 
nually, besides  horses.  He  is  one  of  the 'thrifty  and 

Jacob  L.  Weber  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  on 
August  30,  1841,  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Leh- 
mann)  Weber,  born  in  Bavaria  in  1816  and  near 
Strassburg  in  1817,  respectively.  The  father  came  to 
Canada  when  sixteen,  worked  at  carpentering  and 
then  commenced  to  gain  land.  First  he  had  one  hun- 
dred acres,  later  two  hundred  and  fifty  and  then  seven 
hundred  besides  fourteen  hundred  acres  in  Kansas. 
He  sold  as  years  went  on  and  now  lives  retired  in  On- 
tario, aged  eighty-six.  The  mother  married  in  1840 
and  died  on  May  3,  1892.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  in  the  famous  schools  of  Ontario  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-four. 
Then  he  rented  land  and  farmed  until  1872,  at' which 
time  he  came  to  Marion  county,  Kansas,  and  there 
farmed  and  raised  stock  until  1886.  when  he  made  his 
way  to  Walla  Walla  and  a  year  later  went  to  Pataha, 
whence  he  came  to  Camas  prairie  in  1888.  He  bought 
a  timber  claim  and  homesteaded  it  and  later  acquired 
more  land.  Mr.  Weber  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Elizabeth  Fischer.  John,  Catherine,  Ging- 
rich, Christian,  Daniel,  Joseph,  deceased,  Mary  Shel- 
ley, Louis,  Samuel,  Menno. 

"  On  July  14,  1866,  Mr.  Weber  married  Miss  Caro- 
line, daughter  of  Jacob  and  Barbara  (Studer)  Jac- 
obs. The  father  was  born  in  Alsace,  in  1820,  came 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  Canada  in  1839,  and  to  Kansas  in  1873.  There  he 
remained  in  farming  until  his  death,  November  9, 
1886.  The  mother  was  born  in  1825,  in  Alsace,  came 
with  her  parents  to  Canada,  married  in  1842  and  now 
lives  in  Kansas.  Mrs.  Weber  was  born  in  Ontario, 
on  May  22,  1843,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  George,  deceased,  Valentine,  John,  deceased, 
Mary,  deceased,  Diebold,  Peter,  Henry,  deceased, 
Mike,  Louis.  The  following  named  children  have 
been  born  to  this  couple:  John  L.,  born  January  4, 
1867;  Alice  L.,  born  March  8,  1868;  George 
F.,  deceased,  born  February  27,  1870;  An- 
nie M.  Anderson,  born  January  17,  1872; 
Ezra  M..  born  February  16,  1874,  and  now  deceased; 
Samuel  W.,  born  February  10,  1876,  now  deceased; 
Elia  J.,  born  January  18,  1878 ;  Jacob  L.,  born  Novem- 
ber 30,  1879;  Louisiana,  born  July  20,  1881  ;  Edwin 
W.,  born  March  30,  1883;  Marion,  born  April  28, 
1888.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weber  are  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist church  and  are  always  on  the  side  of  better 
schools  and  roads  and  general  progress. 


NELS  SWANSON  has  for  twenty  years  been 
one  of  the  potent  factors  in  the  development  of  Ida- 
ho county  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  accord  him 
representation  in  the  volume  that  purports  to  chroni- 
cle reviews  of  the  leading  citizens  of  this  county.  He 
was  born  in  Sweden,  on  November  30,  1844,  the  son 
of  Susan  Johnson  and  Bettie  (Olsen)  Swanson,  also 
natives  of  the  same  country.  Ihe  father  was  born  in 
1823  and  died  in  1881.  He  was  a  farmer  and  car- 
penter. The  mother  was  born  in  1833  and  died  in 
1891.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  the 
native  land  and  after  school  days  were  over  he  gave 
his  attention  to  farming  his  father's  place  until  1880. 
In  that  year  he  determined  to  leave  the  native  land 
and  accordingly  chose  Wapello  county,  Iowa,  as  his 
destination.  For  four  years  he  wrought  in  that  county, 
and  in  1884  made  his  way  to  Camas  prairie  and  its 
fertility  and  attractive  resources  led  him  to  locate. 
He  took  a  quarter  section  three  miles  southwest  from 
where  Tolo  is  now  situated  and  since  that  time  has 
devoted  himself  to  its  culture  and  improvement.  Mr. 
.Swanson  now  has  a  half  section,  owns  a  band  of  cat- 
tle from  which  he  turns  off  about  twenty  each  year; 
he  also  markets  about  fifty  hogs  yearly. 

Mr.  Swanson  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters:  Andrew,  John  Aderijus,  Annie  Crun. 
Mr.  Swanson  is  a  Democrat  and  is  always  active  for 
the  general  welfare  and  good  schools  and  roads. 


OLOF  P.  MOBERG  is  one  of  the  well  known  and 
stirring  farmers  and  stockmen  of  Idaho  county  and 
now  owns  a  half  section  about  three  miles  southeast 
from  Cottonwood,  where  he  pursues  these  related  oc- 
cupations with  good  success.  In  addition  to  his  own 
land,  he  rents  a  half  section. 

Olof  P.  Moberg  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  June  7, 


1842,   the   son  of  Jonas  and  Brita   Moberg,  born  in 
Sweden,  on  January  15,  1805,  and  in  1802,  respective- 
ly.   The  father  was  a  lawyer  and  died  in  1869.    The 
mother  died  in   1887.     Our  subject  received  a  good 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  place 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-  ; 
six.     1868  was  the  year  in  which  he  came  to  Kansas 
City  and  for  four  years'  engaged  in  operating  a  sa- 
loon.    In   1872  he  migrated  to  Colorado,  mined  at   ' 
Boulder  and  also  did  a  contract  of  furnishing  ties  to 
the  railroad.     In  1875  we  see  Mr.  Moberg  in  Port-  | 
land  in  the  lumber  business  and  on  April  i,  1877,  he   j 
came  to  Mt.  Idaho.    He  at  once  bought  a  sixth  inter- 


est  in  the  Pioneer  Mining  Company  tei 
of  Newsome  and  devoted  himself  to  mi 
time  of  the  Indian  outbreak, 


south 

;.    At  the  ! 
/arned  by 
the  look- 
Air.   Mo- 


,  —  -,     ..  -- 

ius  Day,  a  good  scout,  and  thus  being 
out  were  not  surprised  by  the  savages. 
berg  continued  mining  until  the  fall  of  1885  :  however, 
the  family  had  settled  on  his  preemption  and  after  1885 
he  devoted  himself  to  farming  and  stock  raising  and 
has  continued  at  it  since.  He  has  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  cattle,  two  hundred  hogs,  fourteen  horses 
and  much  other  personal  property. 

On  May  15,  1874,  Mr.  Moberg  married  Caroline, 
daughter  of  Carl  and  Ellen  (Anderson)  Newberg, 
natives  of  southern  Sweden  and  born  in  1825  and  in  18- 
35,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith  and  died 
in  1892.  The  mother  still  lives  in  Sweden.  Mrs.  Mo- 
berg was  born  on  November  22,  1852,  and  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters  :  Sarah  Anderson.  Thil- 
da  Johnson,  John  M.,  Sophia  Watson,  Emma,  Gus- 
tav.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moberg  the  following  chil- 
dren have  been  born:  Charles  R.,  born  March  19, 
1875  :  Frederic,  born  September  28,  1877  ;  Oscar,  born 
October  4,  1881  ;  Daisy,  born  October  4,  1885  ;  Addie, 
born  April  29,  1888;  George,  born  November  19, 
1891  ;  Lillie,  born  June  13,  1894.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mo-  ; 
berg  are  intelligent  Democrats  and  are  interested  in 
good  schools  and  general  improvement.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Maccabees. 


BION  C.  WILTSE  is  one  of  the  stirring  busi- 
ness men  of  Grangeville  and  has  for  years  been  rec- 
ognized as  one  of  the  promoters  in  the  advancement 
and  interests  of  the  country  and  town.  He  was  born 
in  Saginaw,  Michigan,  on  February  I,  1862,  the  son 
of  Jacob  and  Climena  (Frost)  Wiltse,  born  in  Michi- 
gan in  1841  and  Lucas  county.  Ohio,  in  1843.  re" 
spectively.  They  still  live  in  Michigan.  The  father 
was  one  of  the  first  white  children  born  in  Saginaw 
county,  Michigan,  and  has  been  a  prominent  man  in 
his  section,  representing  his  county  in  the  state  legis- 
lature and  holding  other  offices.  The  grandfather  of 
our  subject's  mother  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in 
Lucas  county,  Ohio.  Bion  C.  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  Michigan  and  labored  with  his  father  until 
of  age.  Starting  for  himself  he  took  up  merchandis- 
ing at  Ashley,  Michigan,  where  he  remained  until 
1891,  then  sold  out  and  journeyed  to  Bridleville,  Ore- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


523 


gon.  In  that  town  he  took  up  the  real  estate  and  tim- 
ber business  and  for  eight  years  he  was  prospered 
nicely.  Then  came  another  change  and  he  sold  out, 
making  his  way  to  Grangeville.  This  was  in  Febru- 
ary, 1899.  and  he  at  once  bought  a  corner  lot  on  Main 
street  and  built  the  Wiltse  house.  For  three  years 
he  successful}-  operated  this  hotel,  then  rented  it  and 
engaged  in  mining  and  other  business  until  Decem- 
ber i,  1902,  at  which  time  Mr.  Wiltse  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Mr.  James  Adams  and  they  purchased 
the  M.  &  M.  cash  store,  which  they  are  now  operat- 
ing with  display  of  the  same  sagacity  and  winning 
methods  that  have  characterized  the  successful  moves 
hitherto. 

In  1884  Mr.  Wiltse  married  Miss  Amy  Clark,  who 

I  died  in  1900,  leaving  four  children,  Herna,  Nellie, 
Gladys.  Harold. 

In  1901  Mr.  Wiltse  contracted  a  second  marri- 
age, L.  Mae  Dice,  daughter  of  Frank  and  Minnie  Dice, 
becoming  his  bride.  The  parents  were  natives  of 
Michigan  but  are  now  deceased.  The  father  was  a 
prominent  hotel  man  in  his  state.  Mrs.  Wiltse  has 
two  brothers,  James  and  Almon.  Mr.  Wiltse  has  two 
brothers  and  four  sisters:  Ida,  Bell,  Eva,  Blanche, 
George,  John.  Mrs.  Wiltse  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church  and  Mr.  Wiltse  belongs  to  the  Mas- 
ons, to  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  to  the  Artisans.  He  is 
a  Democrat  but  not  partisan  and  is  an  independent 

•  thinker.  In  addition  to  his  hotel,  his  mercantile  busi- 
ness and  other  property,  Mr.  Wiltse  is  heavily  inter- 
ested in  mining  and  is  president  of  a  company. 


FRED  A.  DAVIS,  superintendent  of  the  Idaho 
Copper  Mining  &  Smelting  Company,  whose  prop- 
erty lies  four  and  one-half  miles  northwest  from 
Whitebird,  is  one  of  the  enterprising  citizens  of  Ida- 
ho county  and  his  experience  in  the  art  of  mining  all 
over  the  continent  together  with  a  generous  fund  of 
natural  ability  in  this  line,  have  made  him  one  of  the 
best  mining  men  of  the  section.  He  was  born  in 
Maine,  on  January  3,  1873,  the  son  of  James  and  Ida 
(Tomlinson)  Davis,  born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1847 
and  1852,  respectively.  The  parents  were  of  English 
extraction.  The  family  went  to  Nova  Scotia  when 
i  Fred  A.  was  six  months  of  age  and  there  he  received 
his  education  and  when  thirteen  went  to  work  in  the 
mines  and  continued  thus  until  he  was  twenty.  Then 
he  came  to  the  western  mines,  working  in  the  old  Blue 
Bell,  the  oldest  mine  in  British  Columbia,  it  being  dis- 
covered by  the  Hudson  Bay  people.  Mr.  Davis  also 
wrought  in  Rossland,  Ainsworth.  Boundary  regions, 
and  in  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  section,  besides  various 
'  places  in  Washington.  He  was  foreman  and  also 
'  shift  boss  in  different  mines,  especially  the  Rambler, 
>  In  September,  1902,  Mr.  Davis  came  to  Idaho  and 
took  the  suoerintendency  of  the  present  property, 
which  is  being  well  improved  and  skillfully  handled 
under  his  wise  direction.  The  mines  are 'gold  and 
copper  producers  and  are  very  promising  properties. 


The  company  are  erecting  large  improvements  in  the 
way  of  compressor  and  smelting  works. 

'At  Colville,  Washington,  on  September  10,  1902, 
Mr.  Davis  married  Miss  Marguerite,  daughter  of  John 
and  Harriet  Acorn.  The  father  is  a  sawmill  man  and 
a  bridge  contractor.  Mrs.  Davis  was  born  in  Prince 
Edward  island  and  is  of  Scotch  descent.  She  was 
well  educated  and  spent  some  time  in  teaching.  She 
has  four  brothers  and  two  sisters.  Mr.  Davis  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Blanche,  William, 
Wesley,  Joseph,  Fannie,  Annie,  Bertha,  Lewis  and 
Maude.  Mr.  Davis  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Mrs.  Davis  is  an  adherent  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
Mr.  Davis  is  largely  interested  in  mining  properties 

He  has  spent  some  time  in  the  past  in  organizing 
unions.  He  owns  one  group  of  mining  claims,  known 
as  Number  One  Group,  situated  about  two  miles 
north  from  the  Copper  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany's property. 


HIRAM  ROBBINS,  deceased.  This  esteemed 
gentleman  was  well  known  in  Idaho  county  both  on  ac- 
count of  his  labors  in  the  educational  work  and  be- 
cause of  his  energy  and  enterprising  qualities  of  worth 
which  were  demonstrated  in  a  career  of  usefulness  and 
intelligent  activity.  He  was  born  in  Watauga  county, 
North  Carolina,  on  November  2,  1843,  the  son  of  Le- 
ander  and  Alvira  Robbins.  He  was  reared  under  the 
parental  roof  until  he  was  fifteen  and  then  went  to 
do  for  himself  and  gain  an  education.  He  graduated 
from  the  high  school  of  Boone,  his  native  county,  and 
at  once  went  to  teaching  in  his  state.  This  was  in 
1872,  and  he  continued  in  educational  work  until  the 
time  of  his  removal  to  Idaho  county,  on  May  10,  1884. 
Here  he  took  up  the  same  line  of  work  and  was  known 
as  one  of  the  leaders  in  this  realm.  He  also  secured 
eighty  acres  of  land  and  devoted  part  of  his  attention 
to  general  farming  and  rasing  stock.  The  family 
home  is  one-half  mile  south  from  Cottonwood  and  in 
addition  they  own  property  in  town.  On  January  3, 
1903,  the  angel  of  death  summoned  Mr.  Robbins  to 
the  realities  of  another  world  and  his  demise  was  a 
time  of  general  mourning,  for  he  was  beloved  by  his 
friends  from  every  quarter.  He  had  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Thomas,  William,  James,  Lar- 
kin,  deceased,  John,  Mary  Downs,  Mira  Green. 

On  March  28,  1875,  Mr.  Robbins  married  Miss 
Etta,  daughter  of  Solomon  and  Polly  (Elrod)  Black- 
burn. The  father,  a  farmer,  was  born  in  North  Caro- 
lina in  1826,  and  during  the  war,  as  he  sympathized 
with  the  union,  was  shot  at  his  own  door.  The  mother 
was  born  in  the  same  state  in  1824.  She  was  a  great 
student  of  the  Bible,  having  read  it  through  twenty- 
four  times.  After  her  husband's  death,  she  removed 
with  her  children  to  Arkansas  and  when  seventy-two 
she  went  all  the  way  back  in  a  wagon ;  her  death  oc- 
curred on  June  11,  '1899.  Mrs.  Robbins  was  born  in 
Ash  county,  North  Carolina,  on  May  5,  1857,  and  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  William,  Louisa 
and  Emma,  deceased,  Calvin,  Phineas,  Lafayette,  Cor- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


nelia  Herman.  Eight  children  arc  the  fruit  of  this 
marriage:  H.  Clay,  born  July  15,  1877;  Claudius  C, 
born  September  24,  1879;  Flora  A.  Filer,  born  June 
4,  1881 ;  Blanche  B.  Ogan,  born  April  8,  1883 ;  Wal- 
ter S.,  born  April  21,  1885 ;  Oscar  W.,  born  May  12, 
1890,  and  died  May  3,  1898 :  Newton  I.,  born  June  10, 
1893;  Ora  H.,  born  May  13,  1895.  Mr.  Rpbbins  has 
been  postmaster  four  years  in  Cottonwood,  county 
school  superintendent  two  years,  and  in  1896  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace  and  was  also  notary  pub- 
lic. He  joined  the  Masons  in  1863.  Mrs.  Robbins  has 
displayed  great  fortitude  and  courage  in  assuming  the 
burdens  since  her  husband's  death  and  is  one  of  the 
highly  esteemed  ladies  of  the  county. 


GEORGE  S.  STOCKTON,  M.  D.,  whose  skill 
and  ability  as  a  first-class  physician  is  well  estab- 
lished, is  at  this  writing  county  physician  of  Idaho 
county  and  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  county.  He 
was  born  in  Brant  county,  Ontario,  on  November  8, 
1864.  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Charlotte  (Rochers) 
Stockton,  born  in  New  Brunswick  in  1829  and  Lon- 
don, England,  respectively.  The  father  died  in  Au- 
gust, 1898.  His  father  came  to  New  Brunswick  at  the 
close  of  the  Revolutionary  war  and  then  moved  to  On- 
tario later  and  took  land.  The  great-grandfather  of 
our  subject  on  the  father's  side  was  a  subject  of 
George  III  and  received  a  grant  of  land  in  New  Bruns- 
wick. The  family  held  real  estate  in  Pennsylvania,  but 
lost  al!  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution.  Our  subject's 
mother  came  to  the  United  States  with  her  parents 
when  quite  young,  being  a  descendant  of  the  Tich- 
burns,  who  left  a  large  estate  in  England  about  which 
there  has  been  much  litigation  in  late  years.  George 
S.  received  the  beginning  of  his  education  in  the  ex- 
cellent schools  of  Ontario  and  then  finished  a  univer- 
sity course  in  Toronto,  commencing  it  when  seventeen. 
Immediately  succeeding  that  he  took  a  medical  course 
in  the  university  of  medicine  and  later  a  post-graduate 
course  in  one  of  the  leading  colleges  of  medicine  in 
New  York.  Being  thus  well  fortified  for  the  profes- 
sion, Dr.  Stockton  settled  near  Marquette,  Michigan, 
and  began  practice.  Three  years  later  he  came  west 
and  spent  some  time  in  travel  and  finally  settled  in 
Seattle ;  after  securing  a  good  practice  he  was  burned 
out  in  the  big  fire  and  lost  all.  Next  we  see  him  in 
Spokane,  where  he  did  well  until  1897,  at  which  time 
he  located  in  Grangeville  and  at  once  received  a  good 
patronage.  He  has  continued  steadily  here  since  and 
is  one  of  the  established  business  men  of  the  county 
arid  enjoys  a  fine  practice. 

In  Chicago,  in  1889,  Dr.  Stockton  married  Miss 
Rena,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Alice  (Robinson)  Ben- 
ton.  The  father  is  a  wealthy  railroad  man,  a  native  of 
New  York  and  is  descended  from  an  old  and  prom- 
inent family.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Stockton  was  born 
in  New  York,  as  was  Mrs.  Stockton  also.  She  is  a 
niece  of  Mrs.  Ross,  from  whom  Ross  park  was  named 
in  Spokane.  She  has  one  brother  and  four  sisters. 
Dr.  Stockton  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters. 


Eva,  William,  Charles,  Frances,  Maude.  Two  chil-  , 
dren,  Sadie  and  Andrew,  have  been  born  to  this  cou- 
ple. Dr.  Stockton  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
the  Artisans,  the  Foresters  and  the  M.  W.  A.  Mrs. 
Stockton  and  her  daughter  belong  to  the  Episcopal 
church.  Dr.  Stockton  is  a  Democrat  and  active.  He 
has  been  coroner  of  the  county  and  is  always  interested 
in  the  welfare  of  the  county  and  town.  He  owns  min- 
ing property  in  addition  to  his  business. 


ROBERT  WATSON  lives  about  two  miles  south- 
east from  Cottonwood,  where  he  owns  a  fine  quarter 
section,  which  is  laid  under  tribute  by  his  wise  labors 
to  produce  bounteous  returns  each  year  of  the  fruits 
of  the  field.  He  also  devotes  much  attention  to  rais- 
ing stock  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  prosperous 
citizens  of  the  county.  He  was  born  in  Tyrone  coun- 
ty, Ireland,  in  December,  1830,  the  son  of  James  and 
Ann  (Fulton)  Watson,  also  natives  of  the  Emerald 
Isle.  The  father  was  a  foundryman  and  our  subject 
remained  at  home  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty, 
gaining,  in  the  meantime,  a  good  education  in  the 
public  schools.  In  1850  he  turned  his  face  to  the  new 
world  and  landed  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  where  he 
wrought  at  carpentering  for  some  time.  In  1854  he 
went  by  the  Nicaragua  route  to  San  Francisco.  He 
was  soon  thereafter  on  the  divide  between  the  Yuba 
and  American  rivers  and  his  search  for  the  precious 
metal  was  rewarded  by  finding  good  placer  grounds. 
He  continued  at  the  occupation  of  digging  gold  for 
some  time  and  in  1864  came  to  the  Boise  basin,  thence 
by  Fowder  river  to  Lewiston,  where  he  wintered.  In 
the  fall  of  1865  ne  wer>t  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
and  prospected.  In  1867  he  went  to  Elk  City  and  con- 
tinued there  until  the  fall  of  1879.  At  the  time  of  the 
Indian  outbreak  he  came  to  Mt.  Idaho  with  his  part- 
ner, Allen  Hugel.  Seeing  no  Indians  they  returned 
to  Elk,  but  on  the  way  they  met  thirty  of  the  redskins 
with  their  families  and  it  was  only  by  a  skillful  parley 
that  they  saved  their  scalps.  Then  they  proceeded  to 
Elk  and  mined  until  1879,  when  Mr.  Watson  came  and 
took  his  present  place  as  a  homestead.  Since  that  time 
he  has  continued  to  devote  his  attention  to  farming 
and  raising  stock,  with  an  occasional  trip  to  the  hills. 
He  has  a  score  of  cattle,  seventy-five  hogs,  plenty  of 
horses  and  is  one  of  the  steady  and  solid  men  of  the 
community.  Mr.  Watson  has  two  brothers  and  one 
sister,  Joseph.  John,  Elizabeth  Atwell. 

On  January  29,  1881,  Mr.  Watson  married  Miss 
Sophia  Newberg,  whose  parents  have  been  mentioned 
in  another  place  in  this  work.  She  was  born  in  Swe- 
den, in  1860.  To  this  union  one  child  has  been  born, 
John,  born  July  6,  1886.  Mr.  Watson  is  a  Republican 
and  interested  in  the  questions  of  the  day. 


JOHN  DOUMECQ  is  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers 
of  the  Salmon  river  valley  and  he  is  now  living  three 
miles  southwest  from  Whitebird,  in  about  the  same 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


vicinity  that  he  occupied   in  the  early  sixties,   when 
coming  first  to  this  country.     He  was  born  in  France 

.  in  1845,  the  son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Laffaill)  Dou- 
mecq,  natives  of  France  also.  The  father  was  a  gov- 
ernment contractor.  He  was  born  in  1816  and  died  in 
1890.  Our  subject  received  his  education  in  his  native 
land  and  in  1860  came  to  San  Francisco.  He  worked 

I  in  the  mines  for  some  time  and  at  the  time  of  the 
Salmon  river  excitement  he  came  hither.  This  was  in 
1863,  and  since  that  time  Mr.  Doumecq  has  been  one 
of  the  steadv  and  energetic  workers  for  the  advance- 
ment and  upbuilding  of  this  country.  In  addition  to 
mining,  Mr.  Doumecq  has  paid  considerable  attention 
to  raising  stock.  His  homestead,  taken  in  1880,  is  the 
old  Henry  .Moon  place,  in  which  Mr.  Moon  suffered 
death  at  the  time  it  was  raided  by  the  Indians  in  1877. 
Mr.  Doumecq  used  to  range  his  stock  on  the  plateau 
northwest  from  his  place  and  it  was  thus  named  Dou- 
mecq plains.  Mr.  Doumecq  was  here  at  the  time  of  the 
Indian  outbreak,  all  his  goods  being  stolen,  but  the 
savages  leaving  his  house.  His  partner,  August  Va- 
con,  who  was  nursing  Benedict,  a  man  having  been 
wounded  by  the  Indians,  was  killed,  as  was  also  his 
charge.  Mr.  Doumecq,  Glatiney,  Bachalerie  and 
Christian  were  at  the  place  of  the  ferry,  but  having  no 
guns  they  took  to  their  boat  and  escaped  in  the  hills. 
Camp  Howard  is  just  across  the  river  from  Mr.  Dou- 
mecq's  place  and  is  a  pretty  place. 

In  1888  Mr.  Doumecq  married  Miss  Coleman  and 
they  have  four  children,  Charlie,  Willie,  Ernest, 
Blanche.  Mr.  Doumecq  has  one  son,  John,  by  a 
former  marriage.  Mrs.  Doumecq  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri. Mr.  Doumecq  owns  a  .quarter  section,  has 
considerable  stock  and  also  mining  interests  in  various 
sections.  He  has  a  good  orchard,  a  beautiful  and  well 
favored  place,  so  located  that  a  grand  view  of  distant 
mountains  and  the  river  canyon  are  to  be  had. 


ANDREW  J.  CARLSON  lives  about  five  miles 
southeast  from  Cottonwood  and  there  owns  a  quar- 
ter section  of  fine  land,  which  is  a  good  dividend  payer, 
and  in  addition  to  handling  that  he  pays  attention  to 
raising  stock,  cattle  and  hogs,  having  about  one  hun- 
dred head.  Mr.  Carlson  is  one  of  the  builders  of  this 
section  and  has  wrought  here  for  twenty  years.  He 
was  born  in  Sweden,  on  August  9,  1853,  the  son  of 
Carl  J.  and  Caroline  (Hed)  Carlson,  natives  of  Swe- 
cien,  born  in  1818  and  1824,  respectively,  and  now  liv- 
ing in  Kansas.  They  were  married  in  1847  ancl  came 
to  the  United  States  'in  1876  and  took  land  in  McPher- 
son  county.  Kansas.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  Sweden  and  came  with  his  parents  to  this 
country  and  remained  with  them  in  Kansas  until  Jan- 
uary, 1881.  Two  years  later  he  went  to  California  and 
thence  to  Camas  Prairie  in  1883.  He  took  his  pres- 
ent farm  as  a  homestead  and  has  continued  in  its 
cultivation  and  improvement  since  that  time.  Mr. 
Carlson  has  six  brothers  and  sisters,  Charles  O.,  Annie 
Bergren,  Tilda  Oak,  Gustavus,  Johanna,  deceased, 
Otto. 


On  November  28,  1897,  Mr.  Carlson  married  Mrs. 
Hilda  Erickson,  daughter  of  Franz  G.  and  Carolina 
(Pearson)  Carlson.  The  father  was  born  in  Sweden, 
on  March  9,  1839,  and  lives  there  yet.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Sweden,  on  June  29,  1845,  ancl  died  on 
November  15,  1889.  Mrs.  Carlson  was  born  in  south- 
ern Sweden,  on  March  n,  1869,  and  she  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters,  Emma  Riddell, 
Clara  Larson,  Carl,  Ellen  Peterson,  Werner,  Emanuel, 
Jennie,  Agnes,  Edith.  Three  children  were  born  to 
Mrs.  Carlson  by  her  former  marriage,  Hilga,  born 
February  8,  1889;  Carl,  born  April  23,  1891;  Mary, 
born  June  4,  1896.  Mr.  Carlson  and  his  wife  are 
ftanch  Republicans  and  have  always  shown  themselves 
to  be  on  the  side  of  progress  and  upbuilding  of  the 
country.  They  belong  to  the  Lutheran  church  and  he 
is  a  member  of  the  Maccabees. 


ISAAC  C.  HATTABAUGH  is  the  capable  and 
efficient  secretary  and  manager  of  the  Grangeville  Im- 
plement Company,  limited,  and  in  this  capacity  is  con- 
ducting the  company  in  such  a  manner  as  to  win  for 
them  a  thriving  patronage,  while  he  is  one  of  the 
prominent  business  men  of  the  county  and  of  first 
class  standing.  He  was  born  in  Salem,  Indiana,  on 
December  24,  1851,  the  son  of  George  W.  and  Sarah 
(  Boling)  Hattabaugh,  born  in  Virginia  in  1822  and 
North  Carolina  in  1824,  respectively.  The  father  was 
a  pioneer  in  Indiana,  was  of  German  extraction  and 
a  prominent  man  in  his  section.  He  died  in  1898. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  came  from  a  prominent 
family  that  dates  back  to  the  Jamestown  settlement 
and  many  of  her  relatives  were  leading  personages 
in  the  various  colonies  where  they  settled;  her  four 
brothers,  John,  Gilbert,  Randolph,  and  Mark,  were 
in  the  Civil  war.  She  died  in  1892.  Our  subject  grew 
to  manhood  and  was  educated  in  his  native  place. 
When  twenty  he  began  doing  for  himself  and  en- 
gaged in  (he  manufacture  of  draining  tiles,  owning 
the  plant.  He  built  bridges  also  and  in  .1878  sold  out 
and  came  west,  settling  in  Lewiston.  He  took  up  the 
manufacture  of  sash  and  doors,  after  which  he  was 
elected  twice  as  county  auditor.  He  was  deputy  two 
terms,  then  deputy  sheriff  two  terms  and  when  the 
county  was  divided  he  went  to  Moscow  and  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1889,  he  accepted  the  district  clerkship  and 
also  opened  a  set  of  abstract  books  and  made  the 
transcript  of  the  two  counties.  In  1892  he  was  elected 
county  treasurer,  while  the  county  was  a  five  hundred 
strong  Republican  section,  and  he  a  strong  and  active 
Democrat.  Mr.  Hattabaugh  was  president  of  the 
Commercial  Bank  and  although  it  pulled  through  the 
panic  years  it  became  entangled  in  1895  and  went 
to  the  wall.  Having  all  his  funds  in  this  institution 
he  was  left  without  means.  Being  appointed  receiver 
he  spent  eighteen  months  in  settling  the  affairs  of  the 
bank  and  then  took  up  the  implement  business  with  the 
Elder  Brothers.  In  1899  Mr.  Hattabaugh  opened  a 
branch  house  at  Grangeville  and  is  still  in  charge  of 
this  business.  Mr.  Hattabaugh  was  president  of  the 


526 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


board  of  regents  at  the  time  of  the  completion  of  the 
university  buildings  and  was  very  active  in  assisting 
the  enterprise  to  a  successful  completion. 

On  December  16,  1875,  in  Indiana,  Mr.  Hattabaugh 
married  Miss  Allie.  daughter  of  Eli  and  Maria  (Ben- 
nett) Miller,  natives  of  Indiana  and  Ohio,  respectively. 
Mrs.  Hattabaugh's  mother  was  born  in  Indiana.'  Her 
brother  was  Thomas  Bennett,  governor  of  Idaho.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hattabaugh, 
M.  Reese,  at  college  in  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Zonoma, 
born  in  Lewiston,  in  1879,  and  attending  school  in 
Spokane.  Mr.  Hattabaugh  is  past  grand  master  of  the 
Masonic  order  and  belongs  to  the  royal  arch  and  the 
Knight  templar  and  the  shriner  departments  of  this 
order.  He  also  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Elks, 
the  K.  P.  and  was  district  deputy  of  the  Elks  for  four 
years.  Mr.  Hattabaugh  is  a  Democrat  of  pronounced 
views  and  activity,  and  refused  the  nomination  for 
state  senatorship  last  fall. 

member  of  the  posse  that  went  from  Lewiston  and 
Grangeville  to  take  the  Chinese  when  they  murdered 
Frazier  at  Pierce.  They  caught  the  celestials  but  In- 
dians came  and  wrested  them  away  and  hung  them 
forthwith. 


FRANK  HOGAN,  who,  with  his  brother,  op- 
erates the  Hogan  Brothers'  barber  shop,  the  oldest 
shop  in  Grangeville,  is  a  leading  business  man  of  good 
standing,  well  and  favorably  known  and  always  allied 
on-  the  side  of  advancement  in  the  development  of  the 
town  and  the  interests  of  the  country.  He  was  born 
in  Douglas  county,  Oregon,  on  November  7,  1865,  the 
son  of  John  and  Ellen  (Carlisle)  Hogan,  natives  of 
Ireland  and  Iowa,  respectively.  The  father  came  to 
the  United  States  when  a  boy  and  settled  in  the  mid- 
dle states;  in  1862  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Douglas 
county,  bought  land  and  still  lives  there,  aged  sixty- 
two.  He  fought  in  the  Civil  war  a  while  and  also 
fought  the  Indians  when  crossing  the  plains.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  is  also  living  in  the  Oregon 
home.  She  had  her  dress  torn  from  one  shoulder  by 
a  shot  from,  the  Indians  when  crossing  the  plains. 
Her  mother,  who  is  still  living,  aged  one  hundred 
years,  is  of  German  extraction,  while  her  father  was 
an  Englishman.  Frank  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native 
place,  received  his  education  from  the  common  schools 
and  in  1884  came  to  Grangeville.  He  returned  to 
Oregon  the  next  spring  and  in  1892  came  hither  again 
and  bought  an  interest  with  his  brother  in  his  shop. 
Since  then  he  has  continued  here,  owning  a  fine  busi- 
ness and  having  a  first  class  reputation. 

At  Grangeville,  on  December  26,  1897,  Mr.  Ho- 
gan married  Miss  Maggie,  daughter  of  Michael  Be- 
hean,  a  native  of  Ireland  and  now  a  policeman  in 
Chicago.  He  served  in  the  Civil  war,  then  crossed  the 
plains  and  was  finally  at  Lapwai.  Mr.  Hogan  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Jennie,  Russell, 
William  S.,  America,  Minnie,  King  O.,  Katherine, 
lohn  H.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hogan  one  child  has  been 
born,  Roy  F.  Mr.  Hogan  was  the  first  candidate 


tion  to  his  business,  Mr.  Hog 
in  Grangeville  and  some  cattle. 


RUSSELL  TRUITT,  M.  D.  The  prestige  en- 
joyed by  and  the.  confidence  reposed  in  Dr.  Truitt  is 
the  result  of  real  merit  and  manifested  skill  and  in-  j 
tegrity,  both  in  his  life  as  a  private  citizen  and  as  a  I 
professional  man.  It  is  quite  in  place  that  a  review  of 
his  career  be  granted  space  in  the  history  of  northern 
Idaho.  He  was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Illinois, 
on  May  2,  1852,  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Cynthia  A.  i 
(Carr)  Truitt.  The  father  was  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1820,  removed  after  his  marriage  in  1836  to  Illinois 
and  in  1849  went  across  the  plains  to  California.  His 
train  being  surprised  by  the  savages,  he  was  wounded 
by  an  arrow  in  the  hip.  It  was  impossible  to  extract 
the  stone  point  and  the  wound  healed  with  it  in.  He  ] 
did  well  in  the  Golden  state  and  returned,  via  the 
isthmus,  and  settled  in  Illinois,  where  he  farmed,  be- 
ing prospered.  In  February,  1863,  ne  went  to  Mem- 
phis to  see  his  son,  James  Madison,  who  was  languish- 
ing in  the  hospital,  and  there  he  fell  sick  with  pleurisy 
and  died  in  February,  1863.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  1818,  in  Indiana,  was  raised  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  died  June  19,  1894.  Our  subject  was  trained 
in  the  public  schools,  then  for  three  years  in  Hills- 
boro  Academy,  then  a  year  each  in  McKendree  and 
Carthage  Colleges.  Following  this  excellent  educa- 
tional course,  he  taught  for  some  time  and  in  1874 
came  to  Dallas,  Oregon,  and  taught  for  a  year ;  in  1875 
returned  to  Illinois  and  commenced  the  study  of  med- 
icine with  M.  B.  Michael,  M.  D.  Later  he'  attended 
lectures  in  Miami  Medical  College  and  finally  took  his 
degree  from  the  Eclectic  Medical  College  i'n  Cincin- 
nati, in  1877.  He  practiced  in  Illinois,  visited  the 
Willamette  valley  and  in  1880  removed  to  Walla  Walla 
and  later  to  eastern  Oregon,  where  he  lived  until  1895 
and  then  removed  to  Cottonwood,  Idaho.  Since  that 
time  Dr.  Truitt  has  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  ' 
here  with  a  gratifying  success  and  stands  at  the  head 
of  a  fine  patronage  today,  holding  the  high  esteem  and 
implicit  confidence  of  the  people,  of  which  he  is  wor- 
thy in  every  respect.  The  Doctor  owns  town  property 
and  a  small  farm  just  north  from  town.  He  also  has 
some  cattle  and  horses.  He  has  four  brothers,  Merry- 
field,  James  M.,  deceased,  Warren,  Charles. 

On  August  I,  1878,  Dr.  Truitt  married  Miss  Louisa 
A.,  daughter  of  John  Smith,  who  was  a  pioneer  in 
Linn  county,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Truitt  was  born  in 
Linn  county,  Oregon,  in  1854.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Truitt,  Norman  M.,  born 
July  20,  1879;  Warren,  born  June  7,  1891.  The  Doc- 
tor and  his  wife  are  Republicans  and  take  a  keen  inter- 
est in  the  questions  of  the  welfare  of  the  county  and 
state.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  lodge  and  also  of 
the  M.  W.  A.,  of  which  latter  order  he  is  medical  ex- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


527 


aminer  and  also  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  He  has  a  li 
from  the  medical  boards  of  Oregon,  Washingtoi 
Idaho. 


JOSHUA  S.  FOCKLER  was  born  in  Richland, 
Ohio,  in  1818,  the  son  of  Wendall  and  Elizabeth  (Fox) 
Fockler,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  was  born 
on  February  22,  1811,  and  died  in  1902.  The  mother 
was  born  in  1813  and  died  when  our  subject  was 
young.  The  parents  came  to  Wisconsin  when  Joshua 
was  one  year  old  and  settled  where  Janesville  now 
stands.  He  was  educated  in  the  Janesville  Academy 
and  in  1854  came  across  the  plains  with  his  uncle  to 
Eugene,  Oregon.  Later  he  went  to  Corvallis  and  did 
mining  in  various  sections  with  that  as  his  headquar- 
ters. During  the  Rogue  river  war,  on  October  8, 
1855,  he  was  twenty-one  miles  below  Jacksonville  with 
others  when  the  Indians  attacked  them  and  murdered 
twenty-one.  He  escaped  with  his  party  and  then 
went  to  fighting  the  Indians.  Following  the  war  he 
went  to  California  and  in  1861  came  to  Idaho.  Nine- 
*.een  men  went  up  the  Salmon  to  prospect  and  finding 
the  way  so  rough  they  became  discouraged  and  four- 
teen turned  back  to  what  is  now  Buffalo  Hump;  five 
went  on  and  John  Healey  of  this  five  panned  the  first 
pay  dirt  in  Florence  diggings,  discovering  the  dust 
from  the  upturned  roots  of  a  tree.  A  rush  followed, 
in  which  our  subject  participated  and  also  mined  there 
and  in  other  sections  until  1876,  when  he  bought  a 
store,  with  Charles  Woods,  at  the  mouth  of  Slate 
creek.  The  land  there  had  been  bought  from  "Capt. 
John,"  an  Indian,  and  in  1861  a  house  had  been 
erected  there  by  Charles  Silverman,  and  it  is  believed 
that  this  is  the  first  house  on  the  Salmon  river.  Mr. 
Fockler  says  he  had  a  nice  trade  with  the  Indians  and 
thought  them  a  good  class  of  their  people,  but  they 
told  plainly  that  they  would  fight  the  soldiers  when  an 
attempt  was  made  to  put  them  on  the  reservation. 
Bands  camped  there  and  Air.  Fockler  began  to  feel 
uneasy  lest  an  outbreak  occur  and  the  settlers  suffer. 
About  four  P.  M.,  June  12,  1877,  three  Indians, 
mounted  and  under  twenty-one,  came  to  buy  bread 
and  said  they  were  going  to  get  ready  to  go  to  the 
reservation.  He  supposes  these  went  up  to  Divine's 
place  and  murdered  the  old  man  in  the  night  and  stole 
i.-  gun.  Then  they  came  down  John  Day  creek  and 
*y  in  ambush  and  killed  Henry  Beckroge,  and 
tichard  Bland,  as  they  were  going  to  the  hayfield.  A 
ittle  later  they  killed  Henry  Elfers,  went  on  'down  the 
Salmon,  which  they  crossed  at  a  breakneck  speed  on 
the  cut  off,  and  Mr.  Fockler  rode  to  intercept  them  to 
ascertain  what  the  trouble  was.  They  made  for  a 
winter  camp,  where  some  sick  squaws  were  being  cared 
for  by  others,  but  got  there  and  left  before  Mr.  Fockler 
could  catch  them.  The  squaws  told  him  what  had 
occurred  and  he  hurried  back,  but  Mr.  Charles  F. 
Cone  had  reached  the  store  before  with  the  news. 
Tolo  and  other  squaws  told  the  tale  and  Mr.  Fockler 
sent  Tolo  with  the  best  horse  to  ride  to  Florence  for 
aid.  She  rode  with  all  speed  and  got  there  before  dark, 
being  obliged  to  walk  the  last  of  the  way,  as  her 


horse  was  exhausted.  She  brought  back  twelve  armed 
men  and  they  went  to  building  fortifications  at  once. 
They  arrived  at  break  of  day  on  June  I4th.  That 
morning  they  buried  the  unfortunate  victims  and  re- 
mained forted  up  until  the  war  was  ended.  They  were 
visited  by  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  Indians  after 
the  victory  at  Whitebird,  who  wanted  to  be  allowed  to 
pass.  The  whites  refused  and  then  later  granted  them 
the  privilege  of  crossing  the  Salmon  unmolested.  Mox- 
Mox  told  "Mr.  Fockler  at  this  time  that  Chief  Joseph 
killed  Mrs.  Manuel  with  a  knife,  and  that  Joseph  had 
been  drinking.  Mr.  Fockler  and  his  partner  gave  out 
about  two  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  goods  at  this 
time  and  they  were  about  ruined  at  the  close  of  the 
war,  but  went  to  business  again  and  remained  with 
good  success  until  1902.  Then  Mr.  Fockler  sold  out 
and  is  now  engaged  in  raising  stock  at  Slate  Creek, 
where  he  owns  a  half  section  of  land  and  handles  con- 
siderable stock.  Mr.  Fockler  has  one  sister,  Mrs. 
Rosanna  Peck,  and  two  half-brothers,  M*orton  and 
Delvino,  and  four  half-sisters.  Mr.  Fockler  is  an 
active  and  influential  Democrat  and  has  been  assessor 
and  county  commissioner. 


GEORGE  SHEER,  who  is  now  in  the  stock  busi- 
ness with  Mr.  J.  S.  Fockler,  is  one  of  the  early  pio- 
neers of  the  country  and  is  a  man  of  energy,  having 
wrought  well  in  opening  the  country  and  building  it 
up.  He  was  born  in  Germany  in  1827  and  came  to 
the  United  States  with  his  parents,  Michael  and  Kate 
Sheer,  in  1835.  They  stopped  in  New  York  and  in 
1836  came  to  Ohio.  In  1849  Mr.  Sheer  went  to  Kan- 
sas City  and  there  fitted  out  with  horse  teams  and 
came  to  Hangtown,  California,  where  he  mined  for  a 
time.  Later  he  went  to  the  Salmon  country  in  the 
north  part  of  the  state  and  later  packed  from  Trinidad. 
In  1863  he  came  to  The  Dalles  and  packed  thence  to 
the  points  in  Idaho,  Oregon  and  some  in  Montana. 
He  wintered  at  Walla  Walla  for  some  years  and  then 
chose  Slate  creek  as  his  winter  point.  In  the  spring 
of  1877  he  went  thence  to  Lewiston  and  was  going  after 
a  load  for  the  mines  when  the  Indians  broke  out  and 
he  gave  his  train  to  serve  the  government  and  fol- 
lowed General  Howard.  He  was  at  the  battle  of  the 
Clearwater,  his  train  being  the  one  the  Indians  tried 
to  capture,  of  which  Howard  speaks  in  his  report. 
Three  horses  and  their  loads  were  taken  and  two  of 
his  assistants  were  killed  before  the  Indians  were  re- 
pulsed. Mr.  Sheer  received  the  horses  and  contin- 
ued with  the  army  until  they  reached  Judah  Basin  in 
Montana  and  there  commenced  his  journey  back  to 
Lewiston.  He  continued  his  packing  busines's  the  next 
spring  and  has  followed  it  since.  In  1903  he  went  into 
the  stock  business  with  Mr.  Fockler  and  gives  most 
of  his  attention  to  that.  He  still  owns  the  train  and 
does  some  packing. 

Mr.  Sheer  believes  that  General  Howard  did  as 
well  as  any  one  could  under  the  circumstances  and  he 
is  of  the  opinion  that  the  whole  matter  was  handled 
well.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  is  a  man  of 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


sound  judgment.  H 
work  of  the  county 
and  danger  in  hi 


GEORGE  M.  WOLFE  is  one  of  the  industrious 
and  thrifty  stockmen  and  farmers  of  the  vicinity  of 
Cottonwood,  having  a  good  farm  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  three  miles  east  from  that  thriving  town. 
He  also  owns  considerable  stock,  having  from  two 
hundred  head  of  hogs  to  twice  and  three  times  that 
many  each  year,  also  handling  some  thoroughbred 
horses.  He  now  owns  two  excellent  stallions  and 
pays  considerable  attention  to  buying  and  selling 
stock. 

George  M.  Wolfe  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  on 
May  2,  1837,  the  son  of  William  P.  and  Catherine 
(Mobley)  Wolfe,  natives  of  Pennsylvania;  the  father 
was  born  in  1804.  The  mother  died  in  Missouri  in 
1845.  The  father,  a  miner  and  farmer,  went  to  west- 
ern Missouri  in  1845.  Three  years  later  he  went  to 
California,  landing  in  Hangtown  in  1850.  He  pros- 
pected and  mined  for  eight  years,  then  went  to  Men- 
clocino  county,  where  he  took  land  and  farmed.  In 
1882  he  removed  to  Camas  prairie,  landing  here  Jan- 
uary 20th  and  on  July  5th  the  same  year  he  went  to 
his  final  rest.  He  was  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican  war. 
Our  subject  was  raised  in  the  various  places  where  the 
father  lived  and  received  his  education  from  the  schools 
of  these  places.  His  lot  was  cast  with  his  father  and 
he  engaged  in  the  same  lines  of  operation  until  1878, 
when  he  came  to  Camas  prairie  and  took  his  present 
place  as  government  land.  He  at  once  took  up  general 
farming  and  the  handling  of  stock,  sheep,  cattle,  horses 
and  hogs,  and  since  that  time  Mr.  Wolfe  has  continued 
steadily  in  these  lines  with  the  success  deserved  by  the 
thrifty  and  industrious.  Mr.  Wolfe  is  a  Democrat  and 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

In  1856  he  was  at  Susan ville,  Nevada,  where  he 
built  the  first  sawmill  and  also  took  part  in  the  move- 
ment among  the  pioneers  to  quiet  the  Piute  Indians. 
Although  they  chased  the  savages  for  some  time  they 
could  not  get  them  to  stand  and  fight. 

When  a  lad  of  twelve  Mr.  Wolfe  engaged  in  min- 
ing in  California  and  has  panned  out  as  high  as  one 
hundred  and  ninety-six  in  the  early  fifties.  He  was  in 
the  Gold  Lake  excitement,  suffering  all  the  hardships 
of  the  early  settlers,  having  paid  as  high  as  two  dollars 
a  pound  for  beef  and  two  dollars  apiece  for  eggs. 
In  December,  1852,  Mr.  Wolfe  was  at  the  Rich  Bar,  on 
Feather  river,  when  the  camp  ran  out  of  provisions. 
Eighty  men  tried  to  reach  the  outside  settlements, 
but  twenty-eight  perished  before  getting  out  of  the 


JOHN  N.  RICE.  This  esteemed  gentleman  and 
worthy  pioneer  of  Idaho  is  now  dwelling  on  Slate 
creek,  at  Freedom,  and  is  handling  stock,  while  he  also 
does  general  farming.  He  was  born  in  what  is  now 


Washington  county,  Oregon,  on  January  16,  1845,  the 
son  of  James  E.  and  Nancy  (Bear)  Rice,  and  was  the 
second  white  male  child  born  in  Oregon.  His  father, 
who  was  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born  in  1812  and 
died  in  1886,  crossed  the  plains  to  The  Dalles  in  1844. 
He  was  a  union  man  and  a  Republican.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Michigan  in  1817  and  died  September  4, 
1902,  being  of  German  ancestry.  Our  subject  grew 
to  manhood  and  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and 
continued  with  his  father  on  the  farm  until  he  .  was 
twenty-six.  Then,  in  1871,  he  came  to  Camas  prairie 
and  settler!  five  miles  north  from  Grangeville,  where 
he  continued  farming  and  raising  stock  for  fifteen 
years.  In  1890  he  moved  to  Grangeville  and  engaged 
in  the  livery  business,  which  he  sold  two  years  later. 
In  1892  he  sold  his  farm  and  in  1895  again  bought  the 
livery.  A  year  after  this  Mr.  Rice  sold  the  livery  and 
bought  his  present  place  near  Freedom.  He  is  paying 
attention  to  handling  stock,  and  has  his  farm  well'  im- 
proved. 

In  1875  Mr.  Rice  married  Miss  Sarah  E.,  daughter 
of  James  and  Catherine  (Crusen)  Odle.  Mr.  Odle 
was  one  of  the  first  to  break  sod  on  Camas  prairie  and 
was  a  prominent  man  in  the  county  for  years.  Mrs. 
Rice  was  born  in  Douglas  county,  Oregon,  on  Febru- 
ary 14,  1857,  and  has  one  brother,  George,  and  one 
sister,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Baird.  Mr.  Rice  has  the  follow- 
ing brothers  and 'sisters :  Moses  H.,  Charles  L.,  Russell 
H.,  James  H.,  Frank  W.,  Margaret  K.,  Anna  M. 
Harness,  Eliza  J.  Rhone,  Mary  N.  McGee.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union,  Charles  A.,  Kath- 
erine.  Mr.  Rice  is  a  Mason  and  a  stanch  Republican. 
He  is  active  in  politics  and  held  the  office  of  assessor 
from  1887  to  1890  and  was  once  in  the  field  for  com- 
missioner. Mr.  Rice  was  living  on  Camas  prairie  at 
the  time  of  the  Indian  outbreak  and  was  shearing 
sheep  when  Paddy  White  brought  the  news.  He  im- 
mediately left  for  Mt.  Idaho  and  as  he  had  only  a  shot- 
gun did  duty  as  guardsman,  while  the  men  with  rifles 
went  out  in  the  field. 


SAMUEL  GOLDSTONE.  A  successful  mer- 
chant now  in  Cottonwood,  a  large  real  property  holder, 
a  man  of  substantial  qualities  and  bright  capabilities, 
one  of  the  heaviest  taxpayers  of  the  county  and  the 
real  promoter  of  the  town  of  Cottonwood,  such  in 
brief  is  the  position  held  today  by  Mr.  Goldstone ;  he 
is  eminently  fitted  to  be  placed  among  the  leading  and 
prominent  men  of  northern  Idaho  and  one  also  whose 
labors  for  upbuilding  have  met  with  brilliant  suc- 
cess, both  as  to  his  own  financial  advancement  and  the 
good  of  the  community  and  the  county  at  large. 

Samuel  Goldstone  was  born  in  Hadley,  Michigan, 
on  January  25,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Harris  and 
Golda  (Rosenberg)  Goldstone,  natives  of  Europe. 
The  father  was  born  about  1809  and  died  November 
4,  1894.  He  was  a  pioneer  to  California  in  1860, 
dealt  heavily  in  real  estate  and  was  a  leading  mer- 
chant in  Petaluma.  The  mother  died  October  3, 
1893,  aged  about  eighty-two.  Our  subject  went  to 


SAMUEL  GOLDSTONE. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


529 


California  with  his  parents,  making  the  trip  via 
Panama  and  was  educated  in  Petaluma.  At  the  early 
age  of  twelve  he  started  as  errand  boy  for  a  notion 
house  and  then  operated  in  the  same  capacity  for  a 
photo  gallery  for  a  time,  but  soon  was  installed  with 
the  house  of  Feigenbaum  &  Company,  wholesale  no- 
tions men.  This  was  September  19,  1871,  and  for 
twenty  years  he  held  with  that  house.  He  entered  at 
very  small  wages  and  when  he  severed  his  connection, 
he  drew  the  highest  salary  that  the  firm  had  ever  paid 
for  a  commercial  traveler.  His  headquarters  were  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

On  April  29,  1890,  Mr.  Goldstone  maried  Miss 
Phoebe,  daughter  of  Abram  Binnard,  of  the  well  known 
firm  of  Grostein  &  Binnard,  pioneers  of  Lewiston. 
The  nuptials  were  celebrated  in  that  city.  Mrs. 
Goldstone  was  born  in  Lewiston,  on  March  7,  1871, 
and  was  there  educated,  having  taken  special  courses 
in  music  and  fancy  work  at  the  Sisters'  school.  In 
1892  Mr.  Goldstone  settled  in  Cotton  wood,  then  a 
place  of  about  a  dozen  houses,  and  went  into  business 
with  Mr.  Henry  Wax,  dealers  in  general  merchandise. 
One  year  later,'  Mr.  Goldstone  went  alone  in  business 
and  since  that  time  he  has  prospered  greatly  and  is 
now  one  of  the  best  known  merchants  of  the  county. 
He  has  large  interests  in  the  town  site,  owns  a  ranch 
of  about  one  section  adjoining  town,  also  other  land 
throughout  the  county  and  a  great  deal  of  other  prop- 
I  erty  in  Lewiston,  Idaho.  Mr.  Goldstone  is  operating 
in  real  estate  for  Mr.  Proctor  of  San  Francisco,  who 
owns  heayy  interests  in  the  townsite  of  Cottonwood. 
He  has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,  all  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, Jacob  and  Morris,  twins,  Daniel  and  Ella  Can- 
tor. Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  house- 
hold, Ellis  and  Bernice,  deceased,  and  Abram  Hirsch 
Goldstone,  living.  Mr.  Goldstone  is  an  active  Re- 
publican and  is  always  found  in  the  lead  for  any 
movement  that  will  benefit  the  town  and  the  country, 
being  progressive  and  public  minded,  and  he  is  highly 
esteemed  by  all. 


WILLIAM  W.  BOWMAN,  a  sawmill  man,  resid- 
-  ing  at  Grangeville,  was  born  in  Boone  county,  Indiana, 
on  August  20,  1859,  the  son  of  George  L.  and  Mary 
C.  (McLean)  Bowman,  natives  of  Virginia  and  In- 
diana, respectively.  The  father  enlisted  in  the  Civil 
I  war,  but  died  in  1863  before  getting  into  service.  The 
mother  died  in  1879.  Our  subject  was  educated  and 
reared  in  his  native  place  and  when  eighteen  came  with 
his  mother  and  sisters  to  Colfax,  Washington.  In 
1878  they  crossed  the  big  Potlatch  and  settled,  but 
the  Indians  drove  them  out  and  in  the  spring  of  1879 
they  settled  in  Lewiston  and  in  the  fall  came  to  Camas 
prairie.  Mr.  Bowman  farmed  and  bought  the  old 
water  mill  above  Grangeville,  which  he  operated.  He 
sold  this  in  1891  and  bought  a  steam  mill,  which  he  op- 
erated two  years,  then  moved  it  on  the  Salmon,  where 
it  is  still  located.  Mr.  Bowman  was  in  Oregon  at  the 
time  of  the  Nez  Perces  war. 

On   January   4,    1884,   he   married   Miss    Maggie, 
daughter  of  John  J.  and  Jennet    (Popham)   Manuel. 


s  born  in  Virginia  ;  he  crossed  the  plai 
daho.    He  made  good 


The  father 

and  married  in  Warren,  Idah 

in  Warren  and  later,  in  1873,  sold  his  hotel  and  other 
property  and  went  to  Whitebird.  He  bought  the  old 
Chapman  ranch  there  and  took  up  stock  raising.  Suc- 
cess attended  his  efforts  until  the  Indians  broke  them 
up.  Hon.  Ben;.  F.  Morris  was  in  partnership  with 
Mr.  Manuel.  "Mrs.  Bowman  has  one  sister,  Julia 
Knox,  of  Grangeville.  Mr.  Bowman  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,  Francis  M.  and  Emma  Crea.  Five  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bowman,  Julia, 
Emma,  Frank,  Alinnie,  George.  Mr.  Bowman  is  a 
member  of  the  W.  W.  and  in  political  matters  he  i* 
allied  with  the  Democrats. 

Mr.  Manuel  and  his  family  were  the  greatest  suf- 
ferers in  the  awful  Indian  outrages  and  it  is  well  in 
this  place  to  give  an  account  as  Mrs.  Bowman  recites 
it  now.  Mrs.  Bowman  was  born  in  Warren,  on  Sep- 
tember 8,  1870,  was  four  when  the  family  went  to 
Whitebird  and  seven  when  the  war  occurred.  On  June 
13,  1877,  the  Indians  were  encamped  on  the  Whitebird 
and  had  been  holding  great  talks  and  powwows.  Mr. 
Manuel  with  his  wife,  his  daughter,  now  Mrs.  Bow- 
man, son  John,  and  also  George  Popham,  Mrs.  Man- 
uel's father,  was  at  his  ranch.  At  that  time  Pat  Brice 
and  old  Mr.  Baker,  a  bachelor  residing  near,  came  rid- 
ing hurriedly  up  and  exclaimed  that  the  Indians  had 
just  shot  Sam  Benedict.  They  did  not  know  at  that 
time  that  the  savages  had  already  killed  Dick  Divine 
and  Elfers,  and  a  man  nicknamed  Bob  Long,  on  that 
same  morning  and  prior  to  the  shooting  of  Benedict. 
Benedict  was  killed  that  evening  while  attempting  to 
escape  his  murderers,  having  been  wounded  in  the 
morning. 

Just  as  soon  as  possible  Mr.  Manuel  gathered  his 
family  and  started  to  Mr.  Baker's  stone  cellar,  as  a 
place  of  protection.  Pat  Brice  and  old  Mr.  Popham 
stayed  at  Mr.  Manuel's  place  and  hid  themselves.  Mr. 
Manuel  had  gone  but  a  little  distance  with  his  family 
when,  upon  looking  back,  Mrs.  Bowman  exclaimed, 
"Oh,  father,  the  Indians  are  coming."  Just  then  an 
arrow  struck  her  in  the  arm  and  another  in  the  head, 
which  latter  one  glanced  and  entered  her  father's  neck. 
Then  the  Indians  shot  her  father  through  the  hips 
with  a  rirle  and  he  fell  from  his  horse,  dragging  Airs. 
Bowman  with  him  as  she  was  sitting  behind  and  cling- 
ing to  him.  The  horses  stampeded  and  Mrs.  .Manuel, 
who  held  the  baby,  was  carried  in  a  different  direction 
from  the  others  and  was  soon  thrown  off.  Her  knee 
cap  was  broken  and  the  baby  was  injured.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  attack  the  Indians  surrounded  Air. 
Baker.  One  of  their  number  thrust  an  arrow  in  his 
face  and  he  wrenched  it  from  the  savage's  hand.  Upon 
this  they  filled  him  with  arrows,  even  shooting  them  at 
him  long  after  he  was  dead.  When  he  saw  his  case 
was  hopeless  he  called  out  to  Air.  .Manuel.  "Good  bye, 
Jack,  they've  got  me,"  and  then  died.  Air.  Manuel 
and  his  little  daughter  rolled  down  hill  when  they  fell 
from  the  horse  which  had  run  away.  Thus  they  got 
some  distance  from  the  Indians  and  crawled  into  the 
brush  and  hid.  The  Indians  continued  to  shoot  at  them 
and  one  bullet  grazed  Mr.  Manuel's  face.  The  band 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


captured  Mrs.  Manuel  and  took  her  anj  the  infant  back 
to  the  house  to  compel  her  to  give  up  the  ammunition. 
They  placed  her  on  the  horse  to  take  her  back  as  she 
was"  unable  to  walk.  Soon  they  left.  Although  dili- 
gent search  was  made  for  Mr.  Manuel  by  his  perse- 
cutors, he  succeeded  in  escaping  them  and  the  redskins 
moved  on.  The  grandfather  found  them  that  night 
and  brought  the  mother  to  them.  It  seemed  best  to 
leave  him  there  and  so  they  brought  bedding,  and  Mrs. 
Manuel  went  to  the  house  with  her  infant  and  daugh- 
ter. Mox-Mox  came  along  then  and  told  Mr.  Popham 
and  Mr.  Brice  to  take  to  the  bush  or  they  would  still 
be  killed.  He  also  said  that  Mrs.  Brice  would  not  be 
injured  in  the  house.  Mrs.  Bowman  had  come  to  the 
house  with  her  mother  and  that  night  Joseph  came  with 
his  band.  Mrs.  Manuel  was  sitting  up  in  bed  caring 
for  her  infant  and  the  little  daughter  was  in  another 
couch,  suffering  from  two  wounds  in  the  head,  one  in 
her  shoulder  and  an  arm  broken.  Chief  Joseph  came 
into  the  room  and  this  child  saw  him  deliberately  stab 
her  mother  in  the  heart.  The  Indians  then  dragged  the 
body  on  to  the  Moor  and  killed  the  infant,  with  .its 
mother.  The  little  daughter  was  taken  to  another 
room  and  then  the  Indians  left  and  she  went  to  sleep. 
When  she  woke  it  was  dark  and  she  returned  where 
her  mother  had  been  and  lighted  a  match  which  re- 
vealed her  and  the  infant  clasped  in  death's  chilly 
grasp.  She  ran  from  the  house  and  found  Pat  Brice  in 
the  bush  below  the  barn ;  her  broken  arm  was  dangling 
by  her  side  as  she  ran.  They  remained  secreted  that 
night  and  in  the  morning  the  Indians  returned.  Climb- 
ing on  to  the  barn  the  savages  descried  them  in  their 
hiding  place  and  began  shooting  at  them.  Mr.  Brice 
went  straight  up  to  them  and  showed  them  the  cross 
on  his  breast  and  requested  Chief  Whitebird  to  allow 
him  to  take  the  little  child  to  Mt.  Idaho,  promising  then 
to  return  if  they  demanded  it.  Being  allowed,  he  made 
preparations  and  started,  but  not  until  he  had  gone 
into  the  house  and  saw  the  gruesome  sight  of  the  moth- 
er and  child  dead.  Part  of  the  time  Mrs.  Bowman 
walked  and  part  of  the  time  he  carried  her.  They 
stayed  all  night  at  the  Harris  place,  no  one  being  at 
home.  Here  he  fixed  the  chair  spoken  of  frequently 
and  they  started  on  their  weary  journey.  From  the 
thirteenth  to  the  sixteenth  they  were  without  food, 
but  finally  they  reached  Mt.  Idaho  and  Mrs.  John 
Swartz  cared  for  the  suffering  child  and  Dr.  Morris, 
of  Lewiston,  dressed  her  wounds  and  set  the  arm. 

Mr.  Manuel  laid  out  for  many  days  and  subsisted 
on  berries,  dragging  himself  about  and  dressing  his 
wounds  with  cold  water.  He  used  his  pocket  knife  to 
cut  the  arrow  out  of  the  back  of  his  neck.  He  lived 
twelve  years  after  that,  but  never  recovered  fully  from 
the  wound  in  his  hips.  Such,  reader,  are  some  of  the 
hardships  of  pioneer  life. 


JESSE  FARMER  is  one  of  those  genial  bachelors 
whose  good  nature  and  skill  have  made  him  many 
friends  and  plenty  of  money.  He  resides  four  miles 
north  of  Lucile  on  John  Day  creek.  He  was  born 


in  Tennessee,  in  1830,  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth 
(Worthington)  Farmer.  The  father  was  born  in 
Georgia  in  1800,  and  died  in  1897.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Tennessee  in  1812  and  died  in  the  seventies. 
Our  subject  came  with  his  parents  to  Missouri  when 
he  was  an  infant  and  from  there  to  Arkansas,  in  which  • 
place  he  was  educated  and  remained  until  he  was  twen- 
ty-three. The  year  of  .'1859  is  the  one  in  which  he 
crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  California,  set- 
tling in  Tuolumne  county.  He  mined  for  a  couple 
of  years  and  in  1863  went  to  Idaho,  taking  claims  in 
Warren  for  himself.  He  did  very  well  and  continued 
for  fourteen  years.  James  Warren  discovered  this 
camp  in  1862  "and  John  Ramey  was  one  of  the  active 
men  there  in  early  days.  Leopold  Huffen  was  one  of 
the  first  merchants.  In  1877  he  went  to  Miller's  camp 
eighteen  miles  this  side  of  Warren  and  was  there  for 
nine  years,  being  there  when  the  Indians  broke  c 
They  built  fortifications  at  Warren  and  had  no  trouble. 
In  1890  he  came  to  John  Day  creek  and  took  up  land, 
since  which  time  he  has  been  farming  and  raising  cat- 
tle. He  has  his  place  well  improved  and  a  good  irri- 
gating ditch.  Mr.  Farmer  has  three  brothers,  Joseph 
C.,  Robert  W.  and  Randolph  L.  Politically  Mr.  "Farm- 
er is  a  good  Democrat,  being  of  the  Jeffersonian  type. 
He  is  respected  by  all  and  one  of  the  worthy  pioneers 
of  Idaho  countv.  ' 


JAMES  WOODWARD.  A  good  business  man, 
public  minded  and  of  first  class  standing,  a  patriotic 
citizen,  who  showed  his  zeal  and  bravery  in  military 
service  for  the  Union  for  years  and  now  one  of  the 
substantial  and  respected  residents  of  Grangeville- 
such  is  the  subject  of  this  article  of  whom  we  are 
pleased  to  speak  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

James  Woodward  was  born  in  Erie  county,  Ne\ 
York,  on  December  30,  1836,  the  son  of  Levi  and 
Hannah  (Southwick)  Woodward,  born  in  Vermonl 
1788  and  in  New  York  in  1792,  respectively.  The 
father  died  in  1876.  He  was  of  English  extraction, 
came  to  western  New  York  in  1811  and  was  near 
Buffalo  when  it  was  burned  by  the  English  and  In- 
dians. The  mother  of  our  subject  died  in  1862.  She- 
came  from  a  family  of  English  Quakers.  Our  subject 
was  well  educated  in  his  early  days  and  when  nine- 
teen went  to  teaching  in  his  native  state,  then  in  Illi- 
nois and  finally  settled  in  Lacrosse  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  taught  and  read  law.  Upon  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Rebellion,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company 
1.1,  Second  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry,  under  cap- 
tain Colwell.  He  was  at  once  sent  to  the  front  and 
participated  in  the  first  and  second  battles  of  Bull 
Run,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg  and 
other  engagements;  on  August  28,  1863,  he  was  pro- 
moted as  first  lieutenant  of  a  colored  company  organ- 
ized in  Pennsylvania.  At  Deep  Bottom,  Virginia,  half 
of  his  company  was  killed  and  wounded.  Out  of 
twenty-one  officers,  seven  were  killed  and  seven 
wounded.  On  November  23,  1864,  Mr.  Woodward 
was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  and  after  the  close  of  the 
war  was  sent  with  Sheridan  to  Texas  to  demand  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


French  the  evacuation  of  Mexico.    He  remained  there 
until  August  ID,  1867,  having  been  in  service  nearly 

S  On"  November  6.  1866,  in  Texas,  .Mr.  Woodward 
I  married  Miss  Frances  McBride.  She  was  born  in 
Freeport,  Louisiana,  and  died  in  1871,  leaving  one 
child,  L.  Augustus,  now  dwelling  in  Baker  City,  Ore- 
gon. In  1872  Mr.  Woodward  married  Miss  Ella 
Coates,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
Her  father  was  a  member  of  the  famous  Berdan  sharp- 
shooters in  the  Civil  war.  Mrs.  Woodward  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania  in  1849.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood- 
ward two  sons  have  been  born,  Claude  and  Russell, 
both  in  school.  In  1867  Mr.  Woodward  went  to  New 
York  from  Texas  and  then  we  find  him  in  the  lumber 
business  in  Pennsylvania,  which  he  sold  in  1884,  and 
migrated  to  Idaho  county,  where  he  purchased  his 
present  farm  from  his  brother,  having  added  eighty 
acres  by  purchase  since.  He  devoted  himself  to  rais- 
ing cattle  and  farming  until  recently  he  sold  most  of 
his  stock.  Mr.  Woodward  has  two  sisters  and  one 
brother,  Eliza  Roberts,  Lydia  Taft,  Stephen. 

Mr.  Woodward  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  for 
ten  years,  being  now  in  service.  He  has  devoted  some 
time  to  the  practice  of  law.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  and  is  a  stanch  Republican.  In  1898  he 
was  the  nominee  of  that  party  for  state  senator,  but  as 
it  was  a  year  of  defeat  for  the  party  he  suffered  with 
them.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Epis- 
copalian church. 


JOHN  B.  FORSMANN  has  achieved  a  good  suc- 
cess in  at  least  two  different  lines  of  enterprise  since 

ing  and  stock  raising.  He  is  now  the  owner  of  one 
section  of  good  land,  which  he  has  improved  in  a  be- 
coming manner  and  which  bears  the  evidence  of  skill 
and  sagacity  in  every  department.  Mr.  Forsmann  also 
owns  considerable  stock  and  turns  off  about  forty  head 
of  cattle  and  one  hundred  hogs  each  year. 

John  B.  Forsmann  was  born  in  Effingham  county, 
Illinois,  on  April  28,  1850,  the  son  of  Herman  and 
Gertrude  ( Sietman)  Forsmann.  The  fathef  was  born 
March,  1820,  in  Hanover,  Germany,  learned  the  car- 
penter trade  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1844. 
He  worked  at  New  Orleans  and  finally  came  to  Illi- 
nois, bought  land  and  farmed  until  1856,  when  he  went 
to  Stearns  county,  Minnesota,  and  farmed  eight  years. 
He  returned  to  'Illinois  and  in  1886  came  to  Camas 
prairie,  where  he  died  November  21,  1894.  The  moth- 
er was  born  in  Prussia  in  1828,  came  to  Illinois  with 

ville.  Our  subject  was  brought  up  and  educated  in 
Minnesota  and  remained  with  his  parents  until  twen- 
ty-three. He  bought  land  then  in  Illinois  and  farmed 
until  1886.  when  he  came  to  Camas  prairie  with  a  saw- 
mill, took  land  and  at  once  went  into  the  manufacture 
of  lumber.  He  continued  with  excellent  success  and 
later  bought  land  for  farming,  where  he  now  lives, 
one  mile  south  from  Cottonwood.  He  added  more 
land  as  occasion  presented  and  also  kept  on  with  the 


lumber  interests.  In  1902  he  sold  the  latter  and  now 
devotes  himself  entirely  to  farming.  He  has  six  broth- 
ers and  sisters,  Mary  Probst,  Catherine  Riemon,  Annie 
Uptmoor,  Henry,  Anton,  Gertrude  Leitfeldt. 

On  April  21,  1873,  Mr.  Forsmann  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Striecher.  She  was  left  an  orphan  at  an 
early  age.  Mrs.  Forsmann  was  born  in  January,  1848, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  has  one  sister,  Mary  Esker. 
Ten  children  have  been  born  to  this  worthy  couple, 
Mary  Hattrup,  born  April  21,  1874;  John,  born  June 
2,  1875:  Anna  Uling,  born  December  18,  1876;  Jerad; 
born  January  22,  1878,  and  died  January  29,  1878; 
Catherina,  born  December  21,  1878;  George,  born  Sep- 
tember 17,  1880;  Joseph,  born  August  31,  1882,  and 
died  February  10,'  1883;  Madelena,  born  November 
27,  1883;  Frank,  born  August  23,  1886;  Clara  G., 
born  August  13,  1889.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Forsmann  are 
Democrats  of  the  Jeffersonian  type  and  are  members 
of  the  Catholic  church.  He  was  county  commissioner 
from  1888  to  1892. 


LEWIS  A.  BRUNER,  a  man  of  industry  and  in- 
telligence, who  dwells  three  and  one-half  miles  north- 
east from  Cottonwood,  has  been  a  leading  farmer  and 
stockman  on  Camas  prairie  for  nearly  twenty  years. 
He  was  born  in  Logan  county,  Ohio,  on  September 
27,  1848,  the  son  of  John  L.  and  Hannah  (Hall)  Bru- 
ner.  The  father,  who  was  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Ger- 
many, in  1806,  April  28th,  was  a  shoemaker  and  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1832.  He  located  in  Logan 
county,  Ohio,  and  later  took  land.  In  1851  he  came 
to  Linn  county,  Iowa,  and  took  three  hundred  and 
twenty  acres,  where  he  farmed  until  his  death  on  No- 
vember 15,  1858.  The  mother  was  born  in  1811,  in 
Pickaway  county,  Ohio,  near  Lithopolis,  was  mar- 
ried in  1832  and  died  on  June  26,  1886.  Her  father 
was  a  prominent  business  man  and  a  farmer  in  Ohio. 
Our  subject  was  reared  with  his  parents  until  ten  years 
of  age  and  then  went  out  in  the  world  for  himself. 
He  gained  a  common  schooling  and  in  1860  went  to 
Gage  county,  Nebraska,  where  he  took  land  and 
farmed  until  1875,  in  which  year  he  went  to  Chautau- 
qua  county,  Kansas,  and  engaged  in  farming  until 
1885.  In  April  of  this  year  he  came  on  to  Mos- 
cow, Idaho,  and  the  June  following  was  on  Camas 
prairie,  where  he  bought  a  timber  claim.  He  at 
once  settled  to  raising  stock  and  general  farming  and 
has  now  four  hundred  acres  of  fertile  land  and  plenty 
of  good  stock.  He  has  fine  improvements,  such  as  a 
good  six.  room  house,  fine  barns,  and  other  buildings, 
as  well  as  orchard  and  so  forth.  Mr.  P.runer  also  has 
an  acre  and  a  half  in  the  corporate  limits  of  Cotton- 
wood.  He  has  one  brother  and  eight  sisters,  Annie 
M.  Smith,  Christina,  deceased.  Sinvm  I1.,  Hannah  C, 
deceased,  Laura  A.,  deceased,  Lavina  ].  Campbell, 
Elizabeth  M.,  deceased,  Marv  M.  and  Lydia,  also  de- 


532 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  war  and  in  1861  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eighth 
Iowa,  fought  three  years  and,  being  discharged,  re- 
enlisted  and  continued  in  active  service  to  the  end  of 
the  war.  He  was  in  many  battles,  among  which  was 
that  of  Shiloh.  After  the  war  he  lived  in  Keokuk  un- 
til 1869,  then  went  to  Thayer  county,  Nebraska,  took 
a  homestead  and  at  present  is  retired  and  living  in 
Alma,  Nebraska.  His  wife  was  born  in  Indiana  and 
died  in  1856.  Mrs.  Bruner  was  born  February  7, 
1853,  in  Washington  county,  Iowa,  and  has  five  broth- 
ers and  sisters,  Harlan  P., 'Elvira  Campbell,  Mary  C, 
deceased,  Harriet  Edwards,  Leonard.  Seven  children 
are  the  fruit  of  this  marriage,  Simon  H.,  born  July 
15,  1871,  and  died  January  10,  1874;  John  W.,  born 
August  30,  1873;  Ralph  E.,  born  January  15,  1876; 
Daisy  M.  Mobley,  born  April  15,  1878;  Bessie  J., 
born"  October  17,  1880:  Delia  P.,  born  January  4, 
1884;  Gracie  M.,  born  January  24,  1889.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bruner  are  Republicans.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
1.  O.  O.  F.  and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Rebekahs  and 
also  to  the  Methodist  church. 


CLAY  McNAMEE.  Among  the  professions  there 
is  none  that  has  more  to  do  with  the  issues  of  the  state 
and  thus  with  the  interests  of  every  class  of  citizens 
than  the  legal.  From  the  earliest  records  we  find  men 
of  the  best  brain  and  most  substantial  qualities  in  this 
important  branch  of  human  study  and  the  present  day 
is  no  whit  behind  the  most  brilliant  of  the  past.  As 
one  of  the  leading  lights  of  northern  Idaho  we  mention 
the  subject  of  this  article  and  feel  sure  that  the  ex- 
cellent record  this  young  man  has  made  in  at  least 
three  counties  justifies  the  statement. 

Clay  McNamee  was  born  in  Ray  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  Tune  19,  1870,  the  son  of  Henry  and  Jose- 
phine (Gilpin)  McNamee,  natives  of  West  Virginia 
and  Kentucky,  respectively.  The  father  was  born  in 
1836,  came  west  to  Oregon  in  1876  and  still  lives  there. 
He  was  a  carpenter  and  fought  in  the  Confederate 
army,  suffered  capture,  being  taken  to  Texas  and  at 
Lee's  surrender  went  to  that  state.  The  mother  is 
aged  fifty-five ;  her  father,  William  Gilpin,  of  Irish  ex- 
traction, fought  in  the  Mexican  war.  Our  subject  was 
with  the  family  on  its  journey  to  the  Willamette  valley 
and  there  was  educated,  taking  his  degree  from  the 
Pacific  University  in  June,  1889,  having  spent  six 
years  in  that  institution.  He  came  to  Moscow  in  Jan- 
uary, 1890,  and  commenced  the  study  of  law  with 
Freund  &  Lowry  and  was  admitted  to  the  supreme 
court  in  March,  1893.  He  at  once  took  up  the  prac- 
tice there  and  continued  the  same  until  1898,  the  firm 
being  known  as  Claggett,  McNamee  &  Morgan.  In 
1894  Mr.  McNamee  was  chosen  district  attorney  for 
Nez  Perces,  Latah  and  Idaho  counties.  At  the  end 
of  a  four-years'  term  he  removed  to  Grangeville  and 
opened  an  office,  where  he  has  been  continuously  since. 

On  May  n,  1895,  in  Moscow,  Mr.  McNamee  mar- 
ried Miss  Effie  A.,  daughter  of  William  and  Nancy 
(Ross)  Leasure.  The  father  is  a  large  land  owner  in 
Moscow  and  is  a  prominent  man  in  his  county.  Mrs. 


McNamee  was  born  in  Oregon  in  1876  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  university  at  Moscow.  She  has  one  broth- 
er and  one  sister,  Frank,  Lillie.  Mr.. McNamee  has 
one  half-sister,  Fannie  Freund.  One  child  has  been 
born  to  this  union,  Merle.  Mr.  McNamee  is  a  Demo- 
crat and  a  potent  factor  in  the  political  world.  His 
skill  and  ability  in  his  profession,  together  with  his 
painstaking  and  careful  study  of  the  deep  questions  of 
law,  have  given  him  a  large  clientage  and  he  is  enjoy- 
ing the  emoluments  of  real  industry  and  wisely  ap- 
plied efforts. 


EDSON  G.  PRICE  is  the  owner  and  manager  of 
the  Boss  livery  in  Grangeville.  He  is  a  man  of  genial- 
ity and  good  business  qualifications  and  has  a  fine  barn, 
well  stocked  with  the  best  of  rigs,  excellent  horses, 
which,  with  his  care  for  the  welfare  of  his  patrons,  has 
given  him  a  thriving  business.  He  was  born  on  the 
Wabash  river,  in  Indiana,  on  May  28,  1860,  the  son  of 
William  and  Lusetta  (Brown)  Price,  natives  of  In- 
diana. The  father  was  born  in  1822,  of  Welsh  ex- 
traction, and  died  in  California  in  1896,  having  gone 
thither  in  that  year.  The  mother  came  of  German 
extraction  and  died  in  1885.  When  our  subject  was 
eleven  years  of  age  the  family  went  to  Iroquois  county, 
Illinois,  and  nine  years  later  they  went  to  Woodland 
and  thence  to  Mendocino  county.  Edson  G.  received 
his  education  from  the  common  schools  and  worked 
with  his  father  until  1883,  when  he  came  to  Moscow. 
From  that  time  until  1895  he  was  occupied  variously  in 
different  localities,  mostly  in  Latah  and  Idaho  coun- 
ties. In  1896  he  came  to  Idaho  county  permanently 
and  took  up  farming  and  stock  raising  until  December, 
1902,  when  he  purchased  his  present  business  and  since 
that  time  has  devoted  himself  to  its  operation. 

At  Moscow,  in  April,  1885,  Mr.  Price  married  Miss 
Anna,  daughters  of  John  and  Elvira  (Howard)  Dan- 
ly,  natives  of  New  York  and  still  living  there.  Mrs. 
Price  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1860  and  has  one  brother 
and  two  sisters,  Philo,  Ella  Lyons,  Carrie  Vanslyke. 
Mr.  Price  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sis- 
ters :  Wesley,  Ella,  Mary,  Frances  M.,  Jennie,  Surnner, 
Vinton.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  them, 
Clyde,  Dirl,  Forest,  Mabel.  Mr.  Price  is  a  Repub- 
lican, but  not  partisan  and  is  a  man  of  independent 
thought. 


WILLIAM  H.  HARRIS  is  one  of  the  real  and 
sturdy  pioneers  of  the  Pacific  coast  and  various  sec- 
tions of  that  country  have  seen  his  labors  for  many 
years,  while  for  the  last  eight  years  he  has  resided  on 
John  Day  creek,  near  Freedom.  He  was  born  in  Ann 
Arbor,  Michigan,  on  April  8,  1844,  the  son  of  Phiney 
and  Jane  (Smith)  Harris.  The  father  was  a  cooper 
and  a  school  teacher,  born  in  Vermont  in  1812  and 
died  in  1867.  His  father,  Noah  Harris,  was  a  patriot 
of  the  war  of  1812,  came  of  English  stock,  his  ances- 
tors being  among  the  earliest  colonists  of  this  coun- 
try. The  mother  was  born  in  Rochester,  New  York, 
in  1826.  She  comes  of  Scotch-Irish  stock  and  still 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


lives  in  Dakota.  Our'  subject  grew  to  the  age  of 
twenty  in  Michigan,  where  he  was  well  educated.  Then 
he  went  to  California,  by  the  Isthmus,  and  mined  in 
the  Salmon  river  country  for  thirty  years.  He  made 
several  large  fortunes  and  lost  as  many.  He  was  at 
the  head  of  some  of  the  largest  quartz  and  hydraulic 
properties  in  that  section.  In  1893  he  came  to  Stevens 
county,  where  he  operated  a  mining  property  for  four 
years'  Then  he  came  to  his  present  location.  In  ad- 
dition to  his  farm  he  has  some  fine  placer  property  and 
is  doing  hydraulic  mining  at  the  present  time.  He  is 
interested  in  the  John  Day  Mining  Company  and  in 
other  properties. 

In  1873  Mr.  Harris  married  Genevieve,  daughter 
of  William  and  Lucinda  (Murphy)  Hughes,  pioneers 
in  Illinois.  They  settled  in  that  prairie  country  when 
Mr.  Hughes  had  the  privilege  of  taking  all  the  land 
he  could  plow  around  between  Joliet  and  Chicago. 
Mrs.  Harris  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1849  and  came  to 
California  in  1871.  They  have  five  children,  Florence, 
Ada  M.  Larribee,  William  G.  Arthur,  Esther  J. 
Grover  C.  Mr.  Harris  has  one  brother,  George  W., 
who  has  been  sheriff  in  Hughes  county,  Dakota,  for 
many  years.  Our  subject  is  a  full-fledged  Democrat 
•  and  is  ever  active  at  the  time  of  the  campaign  and 
ready  to  give  a  reason  for  his  position.  He  has  acted 
as  undersheriff  at  several  different  times. 


RILEY  RICE  is  the  owner  of  half  a  section  of 
Camas  prairie  fertile  land  about  four  miles  northeast 
from  Cottonwood,  where  he  dwells  now  and  pays  at- 
tention to  general  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  has 
his  place  well  improved,  sells  about  sixty  head  of  cattle 
and  a  hundred  hogs  each  year  and  is  prospered  in  his 

Riley  Rice  was  born  in  Putnam  county,  Missouri, 
on  November  8,  1858,  the  son  of  Erastus  and  Amanda 
S.  Rice.  The  father  was  born  on  June  24,  1818,  in 
Pennsylvania,  left  home  when  young  and  for  many 
years  followed  steamboating  on  the  Mississippi ;  he 
fought  in  the  Mexican  war,  married  in  1838  and  fol- 
lowed farming  and  milling  until  his  death,  April  22, 
1887.  The  mother  was  born  in  Osage  county,  Mis- 
souri, in  1824.  Her  father  was  a  planter  and  died 
January  17,  1872.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  na- 
tive place,  gained  a  good  education  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  18715.  Then  came  a  journey  to  Ne- 
braska and  Wyoming,  where  he  rode  the  range  until 
1883.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Camas  prairie,  took 
land,  worked  for'j.  L.  Eckert,  later  sold  his  pre-emption 
and  bought  his  present  place.  Mr.  Rice  has  some 
fine  blooded  stock,  among  which  is  a  Shorthorn  bull 
of  exceptional  value.  He  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  William  J.,  Louise  McGee.  John  W.. 
James  A.,  Mildred  M.  Way,  deceased,  Melissa  J.  Per- 
kins and  Charlotta  R.  Carr. 

daughter  of  Joseph  P.  and  Elizabeth  (Randall")  Code! 
Mr.  Code  was  born  in  Ireland,  on  March  17,  1843. 
came  when  a  child  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States, 


went  to  California  in  1860  and  in  1884  settled  in  the 
Palouse  country.  Three  years  later  he  came  to  Camas 
prairie  and  took  land  north  from  Denver.  In  1898  he 
opened  a  hotel  in  Denver  and  now  resides  there.  His 
wife  was  born  December  13,  1845,  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
now  lives  in  Denver.  Mrs.  Rice  was  born  March  27, 
1869,  in  San  Joaquin  county,  California,  and  has  four 
sisters  and  one  brother— Mary  C.  Davis,  Cora  Hinkle, 
Leona  Brown,  Ruby  and  Euclid.  Four  children  have 
come  to  bless  the  home  of  this  worthy  citizen,— Arthur 
L.,  born  November  25,  1892 ;  Lester  F.,  born  Novem- 
ber 29,  1894;  George  D.,  born  January  17,  1897;  Eu- 
clid, born  July  2,  1899.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rice  are  Demo- 
crats and  active  in  the  realm  of  politics.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  the  Maccabees,  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  and  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Rebakahs. 
He  is  grand  herald  of  the  grand  lodge  of  Idaho.  Mr. 
Rice  is  chairman  of  the  school  board. 


HENRY  TERNAN,  one  of  the  notable  pioneers 
of  this  section  of  Idaho,  has  passed  all  the  stages  of  the 
country  from  the  clays  of  roaming  savages  to  its  pres- 
ent high  state  of  civilization  and  advancement.  He 
was  born  in  Ireland,  on  July  7,  1837,  the  son  of  Greg- 
ory and  Jane  (Blakely)  Ternan,  also  natives  of  Ire- 
land, who,  with  their  family,  came  to  Canada  in  1849. 
Our  subject  came  to  Canada  when  twelve  and  there 
and  in  his  native  place  was  educated.  Then  he  toiled 
with  his  father  until  the  latter's  death  and  the  next 
year,  1868,  he  came  to  the  United  States.  Making  his 
way  west,  enroute  to  Elk,  he  passed  through  Butte 
when  there  was  but  one  house  there.  Arriving  in  Elk, 
he  worked  for  a  company,  of  which  his  brother  Will- 
iam was  part  owner,  for  two  years.  He  then  bought 
an  interest  and  steadily  kept  buying  out  his  partners 
until  he  owned  the  entire  claims.  It  is  known  as  the 
Ternan  mine.  He  did  well  in  his  mining  and  in  1881 
came  to  the  Clearwater  and  took  land.  He  added  to 
this  until  he  has  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of 
good  soil.  Some  years  subsequent  to  his  settlement 
there  he  devoted  himself  to  stock  raising  and  farming. 
Recently  he  sold  his  stock  and  again  devoted  himself 
to  his  mining  interests.  He  remains  in  the  mines  dur- 
ing the  summers  and  is  to  be  found  at  his  ranch  near 
Harpster  in  the  winter.  Mr.  Ternan  has  some  fine 
quartz  properties,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
General  Grant,  which  he  has  bonded  for  $15,000.00. 

Mr.  Ternan  was  here  during  the  Indian  troubles 
and  was  forted  up  in  Elk  City.  It  was  supposed  that 
the  Indians  would  cross  on  the  old  Nez  Perec  trail 
which  goes  through  Elk,  but  General  Howard's  timely 
interference  kept  them  from  this.  Mr.  Ternan  was  in 
the  battle  of  the  Clearwater  and  was  one  of  the  party 
who  notified  Captain  Jackson  of  General  Howard's 
condition,  upon  which  the  captain  came  to  the  rescue. 
Mr.  Ternan  says  that  the  Indians  were  strongly  in- 


id, 


and  had  rifle  pits   extending   in   scmi-circU 

making   it   a   difficult  position   to   approach.      Finally 

General  Howard  ordered  the  bombarding  of  the  In- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Twelve  soldiers  were  killed  and  about  twenty-six 
wounded.  Mr.  Ternan  says  it  is  his  opinion  that  Gen- 
eral Howard  did  the  best  that  could  have  been  done 
under  the  circumstances.  He  was  drilled  for  a  soldier 
in  his  early  life  and  realizes  the  obstacles  which  had 
to  be  overcome.  The  battle  lasted  about  two  hours 
and  was  a  fiercely  contested  struggle.  That  is,  two 
hours  after  Jackson's  command  came. 

Mr.  Ternan  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  Will- 
iam, Gregory,  Jennie  Erwin.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Episcopal  church.  In  early  days  he  was  postmaster 
of  E!k  and  was  also  justice  of  the  peace.  Josephus 
Moore,  who  was  killed  in  the  Nez  Perces  war,  was 
his  partner,  as  was  also  John  Baeur,  who  was  county 
treasurer  and  probate  judge  of  Idaho  county.  Mr. 
Ternan  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  one  of  the  substan- 


MORGAN  L.  MARTIN  certainly  deserves  to  be 
ranked  with  the  heaviest  real  estate  owners  in  Idaho 
county  and  with  the  foremost  stockmen  also.  He 
owns  a  section  of  fertile  land  about  five  miles  north- 
east from  Cottonwood,  handles  annually  one  hundred 
head  of  cattle  and  about  two  hundred  head  of  hogs. 
He  is  a  man  of  skill  in  his  lines  of  business  and  his 
integrity  and  worth  are  no  less  evident. 

Morgan  L.  Martin  was  born  in  Harrison  county, 
Ohio,  on  March  9,  1848,  the  son  of  William  and  Sarah 
(Lewis)  Martin.  The  father  was  born  in  the  Shenan- 
doah  valley  in  1812,  came  early  to  Ohio,  and  in  1860 
migrated  to  Cedar  county,  Iowa,  and  raised  sheep. 
In  1866  he  went  to  Van  Buren  county,  Iowa,  and  in 
1871  he  went  to  Kansas  and  engaged  in  the  cattle  busi- 
ness. He  was  state  representative  in  1874.  •  He  died 
in  January,  1878.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio  in 
1817,  and  died  in  September,  1886.  Our  subject  was 
brought  up  and  educated  in  Ohio  and  Iowa.  He  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  August,  1868,  then  went 
to  Johnson  county,  Kansas,  for  one  year,  was  in  Osage 
county  and  farmed  until  1870.  Returning  to  Iowa, 
he  found  his  father  had  gone  to  Cowley  county,  Kan- 
sas, whom  he  followed,  farming  and  raising  stock  until 
April,  1886..  the  date  of  his  removal  to  Camas  prairie. 
He  bought  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  later  added 
a  quarter  more  and  now  has  one  of  the  fine  farms  of 
northern  Idaho.  Mr.  Martin  has  ten  brothers  and 
sisters— Isaac  A.,  Mary  A.  Wellmann,  Sarah  E. 
Painter,  Hertzell  H.,  deceased,  Elery  C.,  William  E., 
deceased,  Emma  Hawkins,  Minerva' C.  Garner,  Alice 
J.  Menard,  Parker  W. 

On  January  17,  1876,  Mr.  Martin  married  Miss 
Anna,  daughter  of  Jedediah  and  Maria  (Gorman) 
Olmstead.  Mr.  Olmstead  was  born  in  1833,  in  Indi- 
ana, learned  the  tinner's  trade  and  went  to  Kansas  in 
1850  being  the  pioneer  tinner  of  that  place.  .In  1874 
he  went  to  the  southwestern  portion  of  the  state  and 
took  land,  where  he  abides  at  present.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1838,  the  daughter  of 
John  C.  and  Margaret  Gorman,  and  came  with  her 


parents  to  western  Missouri  in  1847.  She  lives  in 
Kansas  now.  Mrs.  Martin  was  born  in  Leavenworth 
county,  Kansas,  on  July  22,  1856,  and  has  the  follow- 
ing brothers  and  sisters :  Luella  Walker,  John  C.  and 
Benjamin  F.  Five  children  are  the  fruit  of  this  mar- 
riage,—Elery  P.,  born  October  30,  1876;  Fred  L., 
born  May  3,"  18/8;  Archie  O.,  born  December  6,  1879; 
Gertrude  E.,  born  April  18,  1891 ;  Carl  M.,  born  Janu- 
ary 19,  1899.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  are  Republicans 
arid  take  a  keen  interest  in  the  measures  for  the  ad- 
vancement and  progress  of  the  country.  They  be- 
long to  the  Christian  church. 


THOMAS  W.  NICKEL,  M.  D.  It  is  with  pleas- 
ure that  we  embrace  this  opportunity  to  relate  some 
of  the  salient  features  in  the  career  of  Dr.  Nickel.  He 
has  been  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  establishing  tht 
first  church  and  the  first  school  in  the  town  of  Grangc- 
ville,  as  well  as.  in  other  lines  of  endeavor  for  the  gen- 
eral welfare  and  upbuilding. 

Thomas  W.  Nickel  was  born  in  Lawrence  county, 
Missouri,  on  November  4,  1851,  the  son  of  Thomas 
and  Jane  (Hall)  Nickel,  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1812, 
and  died  in  1896,  and  born  in  Ohio  in  1819,  and  died  ' 
in  1896.  respectively.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  in 
Lawrence  county  in  1833.  He  had  three  brothers  and 
two  sons  in  the  Civil  war.  He  came  of  Irish  ancestors, 
who  settled  early  in  Pennsylvania,  and  his  father  mar- 
ried Charlotte  Diamond  in'Philadelphia.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  came  of  Scotch  and  English  ancestr 
her  parents  being  Joshua  and  Jane  Hall. 
was  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812.  Our  subject  grew  to 
manhood  in  Missouri,  was  well  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  then  completed  an  academic  course.  When 
eighteen  he  entered  the  St.  Louis  Medical  College  and 
took  his  degree  in  1873.  Following  this  he  returned 
home  and  practiced  medicine  for  ten  years  in  Lawrence 
county,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  in  Linn  county, 
Kansas.  In  1884  he  came  west  and  located  in  Mt. 
Idaho  and  began  the  practice  of  medicine.  In  1885 
he  came  thence  to  Grangeville,  and  since  that  time 
he  has  been  a  warm  and  powerful  advocate  for  the 
interests  of  this  town  and  county.  Dr.  Nickel  has 
constantly  practiced  since  that  date,  is  at  the  head  of 
a  fine  patronage  and  is  firmly  established  in  the  con- 
fidence and  esteem  of  the  people.  In  addition  to  his 
medical  practice,  the  Doctor  has  given  considerable 
attention  to  real  estate  and  mining  and  now  has  a  good 
farm  and  mining  property.  He  was  elected  county 
physician  in  1886  and  has  filled  the  office  most  of  the 
time  since,  having  also  been  coroner  a  large  share  of 
the  time. 

On  July  28,  1870,  in  Missouri,  Dr.  Nickel  married 
Miss  Marcia  A.,  daughter  of  M.  W.  and  Safronia 
Spragins,  born  in  Pickins  county,  Alabama,  in  1822 
and  1828,  respectively.  The  father  died  in  1889  and 
the  mother  still  lives  in  Missouri.  Mrs.  Nickel  was 
born  in  Alabama  on  July  4,  1852,  was  well  educated 
and  spent  some  years  in  teaching.  She  has  the  follow- 
ing named  brothers  and  sisters:  Thomas,  Robert, 


ncestrage, 
Mr.  Hall 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


William,  Juda,  Jennie,  Lillie-  and  Effie.  Dr.  Nickel 
has  brothers  and  sisters  as  named  below :  James  A., 
deceased ;  John  W.,  Robert  S.,  Melvina,  Sarah,  Char- 
lotte, Albina  and  Mary.  Five  children  have  been  born 
to  this  household :  Rosa  Bunnell,  Clyde,  Nona,  Lulu 
and  Elma.  Dr.  Nickel  is  a  member  of  the  I.  p.  O.  F., 
and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Episcopalian 
church.  Politically  the  doctor  is  a  solid  Democrat, 
and  is  an  active  participant  in  this  realm.  He  has 
been  state  delegate  several  times. 


JOHN  DEASY  is  a  stock  raiser  and  rancher,  liv- 
ing a  mile  and  a  half  up  John  Day  creek  from  Lucile. 
He  is  one  of  the  substantial,  enterprising  and  capable 
young  men  of  the  county  and  has  made  a  good  success 
of  his  labors  in  this  section.  He  was  born  at  Gold 
Hill,  Story  county,  Nevada,  in  1871,  the  son  of  Michael 
and  Henrietta  (Cole)  Deasy.  The  father  was  a  miner, 
born  in  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1835.  He  died  in  1880.  He 
went  to  California  in  1851  and  his  father,  Patrick 
Deasy,  went  there  in  1849.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1844,  and 
comes  of  a  German  family.  After  the  death  of  her 
husband,  in  1880,  she  married  his  cousin,  Michael,  and 
lived  with  him  until  his  death,  in  1902.  Our  subject 
remained  in  Nevada  until  eleven  years  old,  where  he 
received  the  greater  part  of  his  education,  although  he 
also  attended  school  after  coming  to  Idaho.  He  came 
to  his  present  home  with  his  mother  and  step-father, 
where  he  has  since  remained,  engaged  in  mining  and 
ranching.  Mr.  Deasy  has  four  brothers  living  on 
adjoining  ranches— Michael,  William,  Harry  and 
Thomas  Jefi'erson.  Mr.  Deasy  is  a  bachelor.  Po- 
litically he  is  a  Democrat,  attends  all  caucuses,  and  is 
at  present  a  member  of  the  county  central  committee. 
The  Catholic  church  claims  him  as  one  of  her  sons, 
in  which  faith  he  is  an  ardent  believer.  Michael,  the 
older  brother,  was  married  in  1894  to  Miss  Nettie,  a 
daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Agnes  Delmage,  to  which 
union  three  children  have  been  born  and  are  at  present 
living— John,  William  and  Jefferson.  All  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Catholic  church.  Michael  Deasy  is  the 
only  Republican  in  the  family.  He  also  owns  a  ranch, 
and  with  his  brothers  is  heavily  interested  in  cattle. 
William,  Harry.  Thomas,  who  is  a  half-brother,  and 
John  are  all  bachelors.  The  old  homestead  is  a  well 
improved  place  and  has  an  especially  fine  orchard,  some 
of  the  trees  being  twenty  years  old  and  looking  like 
forest  trees.  With  the  exception  of  Michael,  the  broth- 
ers all  live  with  their  mother.  All  are  successful  and 
prosperous  in  business  and  are  held  in  high  esteem. 


HENRY  J.  ELFERS,  JR.,  is  one  of  the  leading 
stockmen  of  Idaho  county.  He  lives  near  the  Freedom 
postoffice.  on  John  Day  creek,  where  he  owns  a  fine 
estate  of  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  besides  hand- 
ling many  acres  of  unsurveyed  land.  His  skill,  enter- 
prise and  integrity  have  amassed  a  good  fortune  for 


him  and  given  him  a  first  class  standing  in  the  county. 
He  was  born  on  John  Day  creek.  Idaho,  May  i,  1874, 
the  son  of  Jordan  Henry  and  Catherine  (Beckroge) 
Elfers,  natives  of  Germany.  The  father  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1849,  participated  in  the  California 
gold  excitement,  came  to  Florence  in  1862  and  settled 
on  John  Day  creek  in  1863.  He  established  a  way 
station,  started  a  dairy  of  two  hundred  cows,  operated 
a  mercantile  establishment  and  a  large  hotel.  He 
was  very  successful  and  possessed  considerable  prop- 
erty at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  assassinated  by 
three  Indian?  on  June  14,  1877,  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
Nez  Perces  war.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  mar- 
ried in  Germany,  Mr.  Elfers  returning  thither  from 
the  United  States  to  claim  his  bride.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived a  good  academic  education  at  Grangeville,  and 
has  spent  his  life  within  the  precincts  of  Idaho  county. 
He  has  been  at  the  head  of  a  large  business  since  he 
was  very  young,  and  has  displayed  a  sagacity  and  ex- 
ecutive ability  which  are  very  commendable. 

On  March  8,  1898,  Mr.  Elfers  married  Miss  Capi- 
tala  Brock,  daughter  of  Mrs.  Mary  Botsford,  of  Mos- 
cow. Mrs.  Elfers  was  born  in  Des  Moines  county, 
Iowa,  on  September  16,  1872,  and  was  engaged  in  edu- 
cational work  for  eight  years.  She  has  one  sister  and 
one  brother,— Belle  E.  Hinkle  and  Edward  Brock. 
Mr.  Elfers  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  an 
active  and  well  informed  Democrat.  Mrs.  Elfers  is 
a  Republican.  They  have  two  children,— Rosemary, 
born  December  IQ,  1899;  and  Lois  Catherine,  born  July 
17,  1901,  and  died  March  20,  1903. 


JOSEPH  SORROW.  The  subject  of  this  article 
is  one  of  the  foremost  mechanics  of  the  county  of 
Idaho,  and  is  at  present  operating  a  shop  for  blacksmith 
and  wood  work  in  Grangeville,  where  he  enjoys  a  good 
patronage. 

Joseph  Sorrow  was  born  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
Canada,  on  May  I,  1859,  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Ellen 
(Lorene)  Sorrow,  born  in  Canada  in  1826  and  1831, 
respectively.  The  father,  who  was  of  French  extrac- 
tion, was  a  blacksmith  and  died  in  1893.  The  mother 
was  also  of  French  ancestrage,  and  died  in  1875.  Our 
subject  was  educated  and  learned  the  blacksmith  trade 
in  his  native  land,  going  into  the  shop  when  he  was 
thirteen.  When  twenty  he  went  to  Muskegon,  Michi- 
gan, and  two  years  later  was  in  Deer  Lake,  that  state, 
working  at  his  trade.  Later  we  see  him  in  Hurley, 
Wisconsin,  then  at  Ashland,  as  foreman  of  the  mills, 
where  he  learned  the  millwright  trade.  In  1894  Mr. 
Sorrow  went  to  North  Carolina  and- followed  that  trade 
for  years  at  Hub.  Then  we  see  him  in  the  west,  and 
his  first  venture  was  to  build  a  dredge  near  Elk.  Fol- 
lowing the  successful  completion  of  that  arduous  en- 
terprise he  located  in  Grangeville.  and  barring  one 
change  of  location  of  his  shop  he  has  steadily  pursued 
his  trade  in  the  shop  since.  He  is  a  fine  workman  and 
has  the  run  of  a  large  patronage,  which  is  bringing 
him  a  good  income. 

In   1882,  at  Deer  Lake,  Mr.  Sorrow  contracted  a 


536 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


marriage  with  Miss  Sarah  Maholland,  born  in  Ireland, 
but  who  came  to  this  country  with  her  parents  when 
quite  young.  To  this  union  one  child  was  born, — 
Josephine.  Three  years  after  their  marriage  Mrs. 
Sorrow  was  called  away  by  death. 

In  1897,  while  in  North  Carolina,  at  Hub,  Mr.  Sor- 
row was  married  to  Miss  Cora  Rodgers,  whose  parents, 
Columbus  and  Julia  (Marks)  Rodgers,  were  born  in 
North  Carolina' in  1841  and  1842,  respectively.  The 
father  is  of  Irish  extraction,  and  the  mother  of  Ger- 
man and  English.  Mr.  Rodgers  was  in  Company  D 
of  a  North  Carolina  regiment,  and  fought  at  Gettys- 
burg and  other  large  engagements.  Mrs.  Sorrow  was 
born  in  Chatham  county,  North  Carolina,  in  1873,  and 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Frederick  W. 
and  Mary  L.  Mr.  Sorrow  has  nine  brothers  and  sis- 
ters,— Edward,  Charles,  Anna,  Virginia,  Mary,  John, 
George,  Effie  and  William.  Three  children  have  come 
to  gladden  this  home— William,  born  April  13,  1899; 
Esther,  born  July  24,  1900;  and  Joseph,  born  Janu- 
ary 25,  1903.  Mr.  Sorrow  is  a  Democrat  and  takes  the 
•nterest  of  the  good  citizen  in  the  affairs  of  state. 


JOHN  E.  BEEDE,  a  heavy  real  estate  owner 
and  leading  mining  man  of  Harpster,  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  enterprising  citizens  whose  labors  have 
done  much  toward  the  upbuilding  of  the  county  and 
whose  standing  is  first-class.  He  was  reared  among 
the  rugged  New  England  hills  and  received  a  careful 
training  from  the  public  schools  and  the  Friends 
school  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island.  After  leaving 
the  training  of  this  good  institution,  he  took  up  teach- 
ing and  made  a  success  of  this  important  work. 
Later  he  was  allured  from  this  by  the  opportunities  in 
the  mill  business  and  learned  the  millwright  trade, 
which  he  has  followed  in  various  localities  of  the 
United  States  since.  In  1854  Mr.  Beede  bade  fare- 
well to  parents,  and  the  old  home  place  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  made  his  way  to  California,  via  the 
isthmus.  He  went  from  San  Francisco  to  Virginia 
City,  was  in  Grass  Valley  and  other  mining  places  and 
sought  the  precious  metal  from  the  sands  of  various 
camps.  He  went  down  to  the  Isthmus,  was  at  Dry 
Town,  Eldorado,  and  had  charge  of  the  Seaton  prop- 
erty in  Amador  county  and  then  also  opened  a  store 
in  1868 ;  during  this  time  he  had  charge  of  the  Havi- 
lah  property.  Later  he  was  in  San  Jose,  Bakersfield, 
and  then  journeyed  to  Prescott,  Arizona,  and  settled 
for  a  time  at  Flagstaff,  where  he  was  justice  of  the 
peace  for  two  years.  In  1883  Mr.  Beede  came  north 
to  Idaho  county  and  he  has  mined  on  the  south  fork 
of  the  Clearwater,  at  Florence,  Elk  and  other  im- 
portant points.  He  had  charge  of  the  Bulletin  for  a 
year,  worked  on  the  Blue  Dragon  and  put  in  the  first 
saw  mill  near  Clearwater.  In  1891  Mr.  Beede  took 
his  present  homestead  on  the  south  fork,  owns  business 
property  in  Harpster  and  various  other  property, 
while  also  he  has  mines  in  the  Elk  district  and  in  other 
places. 

On   January    II,    1860,   Mr.    Beede   married    Miss 


Eliza  Stewart,  in  Lennox,  Ohio.  She  died  in  1874, 
leaving  two  children,  William  M.,  a  physician,  in 
Stockton,  Califonia;  Ida,  also  in  Stockton.  Mr. 
Beede  is  a  staunch  Republican,  and  has  been  justice 
of  the  peace  since  1890.  It  will  be  observed  that  from 
the  isthmus  to  the  British  line  Mr.  Beede  has  mined 
and  followed  his  trade  with  other  occupations  and  has 
acquired  a  fund  of  experience,  which  added  to  his 
natural  sagacity  and  erudition  gained  in  early  youth, 
makes  him  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this  section  and 
his  integrity,  uprightness  and  geniality  have  given  him 
hosts  of  friends  from  every  rank.  To  such  brave, 
hardy  and  true  men,  whose  courage  was  equal  to  the 
awful  ordeal  of  surmounting  the  difficulties  of  enter- 
ing this  wild  land,  facing  the  dangers  and  enduring 
the  hardships  and  privations,  we  owe  a  debt  of  grati- 
tude which  should  never  be  allowed  to  lapse.  It  is 
with  great  pleasure  that  we  have  been  enabled  to 
grant  this  slight  manifestation  of  appreciation  to  the 
worthy  pioneer  and  place  his  name  upon  the  abiding 
records  of  northern  Idaho.  From  the  green  hills  of 
New  Hampshire  came  the  enthusiastic  lad,  the  strong 
young  man  seasoned  by  many  an  encounter  with  the 
stern  realities  of  life  in  the  west,  who  is  now  the  sage 
of  the  Clearwater,  whose  labor  and  worth  are  appre- 
ciated by  all  and  whose  standing  shows  him  a  man  of 
capabilities  and  true  principle. 

John  E.  Beede  was  born  in  Sandwich,  Carroll 
county,  New  Hampshire,  on  February  2,  1834.  His 
parents  were  Eli  and  Martha  (Hoag)  Beede,  natives 
of  New  Hampshire  and  born  in  1801  and  1807,  re- 
spectively. The  father  was  a  descendant  of  the  Pil- 
grims and  died  in  1892  after  a  long  and  useful  life  as 
a  millwright.  The  mother  came  from  the  Quakers  of 
f\irly  days  and  died  in  1839. 


WILLIAM  PAULL,  one  of  the  prosperous  farm- 
ers of  Idaho  county,  who  dwells  five  miles  northeast 
from  Cottonwood,  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Illinois, 
on  January  27,  1848,  the  son  of  John  C.  and  Nancy 
(Potter)  Paull.  The  father  was  born  December  10, 
1816,  at  Wheeling,  West  Virginia,  learned  the  black- 
smith trade  and  came  to  Illinois  in  1838,  wrought  at 
his  trade  and  farmed.  In  1865  he  went  to  Kansas 
and  lived  in  various  portions  of  that  state  until  1875, 
when  his  death  occurred  in  Montgomery  county.  The 
mother  was  born  on  February  22,  1823,  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, came  with  her  parents  to  Illinois,  where  she  mar- 
ried in  1839,  her  death  occurring  in  March,  1862. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  Illinois  and  in  1864  enlist- 
ed in  Company  I.  Eighteenth  Illinois  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, at  Mt.  Sterling,  and  was  mustered  out  in  the 
fall  of  1865.  at  Pine  Bluff,  Arkansas.  Following  the 
war,  Mr.  Paull  went  to  Kansas,  Wyoming  and  the  far 
west  and  freighted.  In  1870  he  took  land  in  Osage 
reserve,  Kansas,  later  was  in  Texas,  then  in  Kansas, 
Colorado,  Wyoming  and  Utah,  also  mined  in  Nevada 
and  Silver  City.  Idaho.  In  the  fall  of  1876  he  was 
in  the  Black  Hills,  and  later  returned  to  Kansas  and 
farmed  until  1880.  Then  Mr.  Paull  did  railroading 


JOHN  E.  BEEDE. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  freighting  in  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Idaho  and 
various  other  places  until  1885,  when  we  see  him  in 
the  Yakima  country,  Washington.  In  1889  he  came 
to  Idaho  county  and  located  on  his  present  place,  where 
he  has  a  quarter  section  and  does  general  farming  and 
stock  raising.  He  handles  about  two  hundred  head 
of  cattle  and  hogs  and  is  prosperous.  He  has  a  new 
eight-room  house  and  other  improvements  commensu- 
rate therewith.  Mr.  Paull  has  five  brothers  and  sis- 
ters.—Mary  A.  Toland,  Robert,  Martha  E.,  Nancy 
M.  Powell  and  John  F. 

On  March  12,  1879,  Mr.  Paull  married  Miss  Emma, 
daughter  of  Ezekiel  and  Priscilla  G.  (Sawyer)  Lamb. 
Mr.  Lamb  was  born  October  n,  1820,  in  Stockbridge, 
Vermont,  was  married  and  lived  there  until  1854. 
Then  he  lived  four  years  in  DeKalb  and  also  Douglas 
counties.  Illinois,  thence  going  to  Coffey  county,  where 
he  lived  two  years.  In  1864  he  went  to  Bourbon 
county,  Kansas,  where  he  farmed  five  years.  The 
year  1869  found  him  in  Montgomery  county,  where 
he  was  a  doctor  and  farmer.  Thence  to  Eugene,  Ore- 
gon, and  later  went  to  Nampa,  Idaho,  where  he  fanned 
until  his  death.  April  20,  1890.  The  mother  of  Mrs. 
Paull  was  born  November  27,  1825,  in  Stockbridge, 
Vermont,  married  June  I.  1842,  and  died  in  1896. 
Mrs.  Paull  was  born  February  11,  1860,  in  Douglas 
county,  Illinois;  she  has  six  brothers  and  sisters, — 
Elroy,  Loraett  Smith,  Andrew,  Romaine,  Elsworth 
D.  and  Charles.  Eight  children  have  been  the  fruit 
of  this  union, — Clarence,  born  February  12,  1880,  and 
died  February  4,  1881  :  Claudius,  born  January  20, 
1882 ;  Grace,  born  March  13,  1884,  and  died  November 
8,  1897;  Lucretia,  Stella,  born  June  27,  1889;  Era 
"born  November  9,  1891:  Madge,  born  June  6,  1805: 
Viola,  born  October  31,  1898.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paull 
are  socialists  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  Maccabees. 


ELLSWORTH  D.  LAMB  has  made  a  good  suc- 
cess in  Idaho  county  in  the  dual  occupations  of  general 
farming  and  raising  stock.  He  has  also  achieved  a 
good  reputation  as  a  skillful  threshing  man  and  now 
owns  an  interest  in  a  first  class  outfit.  He  was  born 
on  December  12,  1862,  in  Douglas  county,  Illinois,  the 
son  of  Ezekiel  B.  and  Priscilla  G.  (Sawyer)  Lamb, 
who  are  mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this  work. 
Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Kansas  and 
remained  with  his  parents  until  eighteen.  He  left 
Kansas  in  1882.  came  through  Wyoming,  southern  Ida- 
ho and  on  to  North  Yakima,  Washington,  where  he 
farmed  for  some  time,  until  about  1887.  Next  we 
see  him  in  Walla  Walla,  and  in  1889  he  made  his  way 
to  Camas  prairie  and  took  a  quarter  section,  where 
he  now  lives,  three  and  one-half  miles  north  from 
Cottonwood,  since  which  time  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  its  cultivation  and  improvement  and  to  raising  stock. 
In  1898  he  took  up  the  added  industry  of  threshing, 
as  mentioned  above,  and,  like  his  other  endeavors,  has 
made  a  good  success  of  it.  He  has  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  head  of  stock  and  also  handles  sufficient 
torses  for  his  various  occupations.  Mr.  Lamb  has 


good  buildings  on  his  farm  and  other  improvements  in 
proportion.  His  brothers  and  sisters  are  mentioned 
elsewhere  in  this  work. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Lamb  and  Miss  Rebecca  E., 
daughter  of  Morgan  and  Eliza  A.  (Powell)  Williams, 
was  celebrated  on  Tuly  3,  1892.  Mr.  Williams  was 
born  in  Vermillion  county,  Indiana,  on  December  31, 
1826,  his  parents  being  Virginians.  In  1860  he  went 
to  Arkansas,  then  to  Illinois  and  in  1873  he  removed 
to  Umpqua  valley,  Oregon,  where  he  bought  land  and 
farmed.  In  1883  he  came  to  Camas  prairie,  and  here 
died  on  February  6,  1901,  leaving  an  estate  of  three 
hundred  and  sixty  acres.  Mrs.  Williams  was  born 
Tune  10,  1826,  in  Montgomery  county,  Indiana,  mar- 
ried November  I,  1849,  and  now  lives  in 
Idaho  county,  Idaho.  Mrs.  Lamb  was  born  in 
Champagne  county,  Illinois,  on  June  3,  1864, 
and  has  four  brothers  and  sisters— Mary  Pilk- 
ington,  Lemuel,  William  A.  and  Sarah  Gorrell. 
Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lamb, 
—Arthur,  born  August  18,  1894;  Cressie,  born  De- 
cember 5,  1896;  Bascom,  born  May  I,  1898;  Gladys, 
born  December  6,  1899.  Mr.  Lamb  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  socialist  party  and  he  belongs  to  the 
M.  W.  A. 


ERASTUS  W.  OLIVER  is  conceded  to  be  one 
of  the  best  all  round  business  men  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  state,  and  the  continued  success  that  has  been 
his  for  years  in  all  lines  of  enterprise  demonstrates  this 
fact,  while  as  a  man  of  worth  and  integrity  he  stands 
high  among  all. 

Erastus  W.  Oliver  was  born  in  Putnam  county, 
Ohio,  on  February  2,  1841,  the  son  of  Richard  and 
Jane  (Harden)  Oliver,  natives  of  Ohio  and  born  in 
1805  and  1812,  respectively.  The  father  came  from 
pioneers  of  Virginia,  of  Scotch  extraction,  and  he  was 
a  pioneer  himself.  He  died  on  July  5,  1850.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  died  in  1857.  Her  ancestors 
also  came  from  Virginia,  and  were  of  Scotch  extrac- 
tion. Our  subject  grew  up  in  Ohio  and  all  the  school- 
ing of  his  boyhood  days  could  be  summed  up  in  one 
year.  Upon  arriving  at  manhood's  estate  he  made  a 
study  of  everything  that  came  before  him,  and  the  re- 
sult is  that  he  is  an  exceptionaly  well  informed  and 
thoroughly  practical  man.  His  first  job  was  carrying 
water  on  the  Wabash  railroad  when  he  was  twelve,  and 
then  commenced  his  independent  career.  From  that 
day  to  this,  while  taking  up  anything  and  everything 
that  came  to  his  hand,  Mr.  Oliver  has  been  successful, 
and  is  now  handling  stock  and  real  estate  in  a  broker- 
age business,  does  farming,  raises  stock,  deals  in  hay 
and  grain,  and  is  interested  in  mining.  When  nine- 
teen he  was  contracting  ties  for  the  railroad  in  Ohio, 
later  did  the  same  business  in  Missouri  and  in  1871 
came  to  Umatilla  county,  Oregon,  and  commenced 
farming  and  raising  stock.  He  made  a  success  of  it, 
although  he  knew  nothing  of  the  business.  In  1880 
he  went  to  Whitman  county.  Washington,  where  he 
farmed  and  dealt  in  stock  on  a  large  scale,  and  here 
he  reaped  a  rich  reward  for  his  skill  and  industry. 


538 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


In   1892  he  sold  some  of  his  property  and  came  to 
Grangeville,  which  he  has  made  his  home  since. 

In  1861  Mr.  Oliver  married  Miss  Rebecca,  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Magdalene  (Nittle)  Stalters,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania.  Mrs.  Oliver  was  born  in  Ohio  on 
January  5,  1842,  and  has  three  brothers, — George, 
John  and  Ezra.  John  was  in  Amlersonville  prison; 
and  Ezra  was  also  in  the  war.  Mr.  Oliver  had  eight 
brothers ;  but  two  are  living, — Nicholas  B.  and  Reuben 
J.  Abraham  H.  was  in  the  war  and  received  a  wound 
in  the  battle  of  Sandpoint.  Alexander  U.  was  also 
in  the  Civil  war;  both  are  deceased.  Seven  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Oliver —Abraham  N., 
in  Whitman  county;  John  F.,  Andrew  J.,  Bert  H., 
Abbie  J.  and  Holsclow,  all  in  Idaho  county;  Olive 
Haynes,  in  Pendleton.  Mr.  Oliver  is  a  blue  lodge 
Mason,  and  also  belongs  to  the  Eastern  Star  lodge. 
He  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  has  been  instrumental 
in  electing  numerous  of  his  friends  to  office,  but  never 
would  allow  his  name  to  be  put  up  for  nomination. 
He  is  frequently  in  the  state  convention,  and  last  year 
helped  to  nominate  Governor  Morrison  and  Supreme 
Judge  Alchie.  Mr.  Oliver  is  one  of  the  heavy  tax- 
payers of  the  county  and  is  a  man  of  reliability  and 
excellent  standing. 


PETER  BROCKENOUR  resides  at  the  present 
time  in  Lucile,  Idaho,  but  he  has  been  successfully  en- 
well  known,  always  manifesting  good  business  ability 
and  substantial  qualities.  He  was  born  in  Germany 
on  June  i,  1849,  tlle  son  of  George  P.  and  Gertrude 
(Huger)  Brockenour,  born  in  Germany,  where  also 
they  died  in  1864  and  in  June,  1902,  respectively.  Our 
subject  came  to  the  United  States  when  nine,  direct  to 
a  brother  in  Sacramento,  California.  He  grew  to 
manhood  with  this  brother,  Joseph,  and  when  nineteen 
went  to  Colusa  county  and  farmed  for  ten  years.  In 
the  fall  of  1878  Mr.  Brockenour  came  to  Mt.  Idaho 
and  worked  in  a  livery  stable  for  John  McPherson, 
later  buying  an  interest  in  the  business.  After  the 
death  of  Mr.  AfcPherscn  he  conducted  the  business  in 
connection  with  Mrs.  McPherson  for  fourteen  years. 
He  had  also  taken  land  and  purchased  more,  and  suc- 
cessfully managed  this  property  and  raised  cattle  and 
horses.  In  1892  he  went  to  American  creek  and,  in 
partnership  with  Tames  Buchanan,  Peter  Beemer  and 
Joe  Hinnelspak,  he  mined  for  some  time.  Two  years 
later  he  left  that  district  and  mined  in  the  Lake  creek 
country  for  four  years.  He  was  favored  with  good  suc- 
cess in  both  of  these  ventures,  and  in  1898  came  to 
Grangeville,  which  was  his  headquarters  for  four 
years.  In  the  fall  of  1902  Mr.  Brockenour  removed 
to  the  mining  town  of  Lucile,  where  he  has  continued 

Mr.  Brockenour  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters  :  Joseph,  in  California  ;  Valentine,  a  wealthy 
man  in  Sacramento ;  Eva,  in  Portland ;  Fredericka  and 
Katherina,  both  in  California ;  Johanna,  in  Silver  City, 
Nevada.  Mr.  Brockenour  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 


F.  and  Redmen.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  campaigns,  being  always 
at  the  conventions  and  caucuses. 


GEORGE  S.  ALKIRE  is  a  well  known  miner, 
stock  raiser  and  orchardist  dwelling  two  and  a  half 
miles  north  of  Lucile.  His  genial  and  manly  way,  his 
uprightness,  integrity  and  generosity  have  commended 
him  to  all  who  know  him,  and  his  success  in  a  business 
way  speaks  for  itself.  In  the  two  street  fairs  recently 
held  at  Grangeville  his  quarter  section  farm  captured 
several  premiums  on  fruits  and  vegetables  in  competi- 
tion with  the  entire  county.  Besides  this  farm,  he 
owns  two  placer  mines,  the  "Mountain  Queen"  and 
"Jack  Pot,'  and  one  quartz  group,  the  "North  Star," 
all  of  which  are  very  promising. 

His  father,  George  Alkire,  was  a  native  of  Illinois, 
where  he  was  born  in  1805.  After  a  long  and  suc- 
cessful career  as  a  farmer  he  passed  into  the  life  be- 
yond, in  February,  1888.  He  was  a  schoolmate  of 
Abraham  Lincoln  at  Springfield,  Illinois.  Crossing 
the  plains  in  1850,  he  settled  in  Lane  county,  Oregon, 
where  he  took  up  a  donation  claim  and  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  his  days.  In  his  early  manhood  he  was  a 
Christian  minister  in  Illinois.  George's  mother  was 
Jaily  A.  Grant,  born  in  1812.  She  died  in  1899,  after 
a  long  useful  life.  Our  subject  was  six  months  old 
when  he  crossed  the  plains.  He  was  reared  in  Lane 
county  and  when  eighteen  went  to  do  for  himself.  He 
rode  the  range  in  eastern  Oregon  and  in  1879  went  to 
Idaho,  taking  a  ranch  in  Latah  county.  Two  years 
later  we  find  him  riding  the  range  in  Wyoming,  whence 
he  came  to  Idaho  and  followed  the  same  occupation. 
In  1895  he  quit  the  range  and  took  up  mining.  The 
following  year  he  secured  his  present  ranch  and  has 

At  Grangeville,  in  July,  1883,  Mr.  Alkire  married 
Miss  Anna  B..  daughter  of  David  and  Elva  Cully. 
Mrs.  Alkire  was  born  in  Evansville,  Indiana,  in  1864, 
and  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters, — LeRoy,  Charles, 
Laura  Roberts  and  Emma  McFadden.  Mr.  Alkire 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  John,  Will- 
iam, Isaac,  Henry,  Robert  and  Ella  Gilbreth.  Four 
children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage,— Elva  Kiel- 
ing,  George  L.,  Emma  J.  and  Joshua  H.  Mr.  Alkire 
is  an  active  and  well  informed  Republican,  always  in 
the  lead,  and  a  prominent  man  in  his  party.  Mr. 
Alkire  has  always  been  a  very  great  champion  of  the 
cause  of  education  and  was  the  moving  spirit  in  form- 
ing this  present  district;  he,  himself,  got  out  the  logs, 
furnished  the  hardware  and  windows  and  assisted  to- 
build  the  rude  log  schoolhouse  on  John  Day  creek. 
He  is  an  enterprising  citizen,  charitable  to  his  fellow- 
men,  upright  and  well  respected. 


LEWIS  M.  SIMPSON  was  born  in  Cooper  coun- 
ty, Missouri,  on  February  18,  1843,  tne  son  °f  Francis 
and  Mary  A.  (Corrum)  Simpson.  The  father  was 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


539 


born  March  4,  1803,  in  Clark  county,  Kentucky,  came 
to  Missouri  and  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  On 
April  9,  1850,  he  left  that  state  for  the  Willamette  val- 
ley, coming  overland  with  ox  teams.  He  built  a  saw 
mill  at  Hillsboro,  then  farmed  in  Linn  county,  and  in 
1871  went  to  Lassen  county,  California,  and  there  died 
in  April,  1873.  The  mother  was  born  in  Cooper  coun- 
ty, Missouri,  in  March,  1820,  of  pioneer  parents.  Later 
they  took  the  land  where  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  now 
stands.  Her  father  was  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  1812. 
She  now  lives  at  Pomeroy,  Washington.  Our  sub- 
ject was  brought  up  in  the  Willamette  valley  and  edu- 
cated there.  When  seventeen,  in  1861,  he  came  to 
Orofino,  mining  there  and  in  Pierce,  Elk,  Florence 
and  Boise  basins  off  and  on  for  the  ensuing  five  years. 
Then  he  bought  land  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  and 
farmed.  In  October,  1871,  he  went  to  Lassen  county, 
California,  and  two  years  later  returned  to  Linn  coun- 
ty, bought  sheep  and"  came  to  Wasco  county.  He  fol- 
lowed that  industry  for  some  time,  and  was  finally 
constrained  to  remove  to  the  vicinity  of  Athena,  where 
he  bought  land;  later  he  was  in  Adams,  serving  ac- 
ceptably as  postmaster,  also  doing  a  general  mer- 
chandis'e  business.  In  1892  he  sold  out  and  came  to 
Camas  prairie.  He  bought  his  present  farm  of  one 
quarter  section  two  miles  north  from  Cottonwood,  and 
here  has  bestowed  his  labors  in  farming  and  raising 
stock.  He  handles  about  one  hundred  head  annually 
and  produces  good  crops.  Mr.  Simpson  has  nine 
brothers  and  sisters, — George  F.,  James  W.,  Joseph 
H.,  Alford,  Mary  E.  Smith,  Thomas  B.,  Sarah  New- 
some..  Benjamin  L.,  Riley  H.  Mr.  Newsome  and  his 
brother,  John,  discovered  the  Newsome  creek  diggings. 
On  March  13,  1867,  Mr.  Simpson  married  Miss 
Emma  K.,  daughter  of  James  and  Ruth  A.  (Boggs) 
Cochran.  Mr.  Cochran  was  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1818,  came  to  the  Willamette  valley  in  1850 'and 
farmed  there  until  his  death,  on  August  25,  1863. 
Mrs.  Cochran  was  born  in  Missouri  on  July  2,  1828, 
and  came  with  her  father  to  Oregon  in  1865.  She 
now  lives  in  Woodburn,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Simpson  was 
born  on  February  29,  1852,  in  Linn  county,  Oregon, 
and  has  four  brothers  and  sisters, — Andrew  J.,  Pearn 
A.,  George  W.,  Elizabeth  Settlemiers,  deceased.  Eight 
children  have  been  born  to  this  union, — James  F.,  born 
February  16,  1868;  Sarah  M.  Correy,  born  August 
24,  1869;  Lewis  M.,  born  April  6,  1871;  Johanna 
Miller,  born  November  15,  1872,  and  died  September 
6,  1901 ;  Emma  E.  Winder,  born  April  22,  1875 ;  John 
L..  born  December  i,  1877;  Nora  E.,  born  June  5, 
1883 ;  Everett  C,  born  May  29,  1893.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Simpson  are  well  informed  Democrats,  and  she  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church. 


DAVID  T.  MILLS  is  one  of  the  business  men  of 
Grangeville,  being  now  engaged  in  handling  furniture 
and  feed.  He  has  manifested  good  ability  and  integ- 
rity since  coming  here,  and  has  met  with  deserved 

David  T.   Mills  was  born  in  Adair  county,  Ken- 


tucky, on  December  19,  1843,  the  son  of  Pendleton  B. 
and  Eliza  (Tinsley)  Mills.  The  father,  who  served 
in  the  Civil  war,  was  a  farmer  and  stockman,  born  in 
Virginia  in  1812,  and  died  in  1892.  The  mother  was 
of  English  extraction  and  died  when  our  subject  was 
eight  years  old.  When  David  T.  was  an  infant  the 
family  went  to  Jefferson  county,  Iowa,  and  remained 
for  five  years.  Then  they  returned  to  the  Kentucky 
home  and  remained  for  ten  years.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  early  went  to  do 
for  himself.  For  a  time  after  his  mother's  death 
he  lived  with  with  his  grandfather,  Edward  Mills. 
Later  we  see  him  in  Kansas  City,  and  in  1860  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Pike's  Peak  and  soon  went  on  to 
California.  He  settled  first  in  Shasta  county,  where 
he  mined  and  prospected  for  a  time  and  then  gave 
his  attention  to  farming  until  1887,  in  which  year  he 
came  to  Walla  Walla.  Ten  years  were  spent  there 
in  farming,  and  in  1897  w?  see  Mr.  Mills  in  Grange- 
ville and  he  soon  took  up  his  present  business.  In 
addition  to  the  items  mentioned,  he  gives  attention  also 
to  handling  second-hand  goods,  and  has  done  well. 
Mr.  Mills  also  owns  a  farm  near  town.  He  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  George,  Edward, 
Mary  J.  Williams  and  Eliza  A. 

At  Grangeville.  in  April,  1906,  Mr.  Mills  married 
Mrs.  Mary  E.  Nickson,  daughter  of  Beal  and  Kiziah 
(Harriett)  Kelly.  The  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Illinois 
and  died  in  1849.  He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky.  His 
widow  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  died  in  1857. 
She  was  a  pioneer  in  Illinois  and  spent  considerable 
time  in  teaching.  Mr.  Mills  has  the  following  named 
children  by  a  former  marriage :  Edward  C.,  in  Walla 
Walla ;  Harold  E.,  in  Spokane ;  Lora  Rimmel,  in  Buff- 
alo Hump.  He  is  a  Mason,  while  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Christian  church.  In  political  matters 
Mr.  Mills  is  Republican,  but  never  strives  for  personal 
preferment.  Mrs.  Mills  was  born  in  Fayette  county, 
Illinois,  on  March  17,  1845.  She  was  married  to 
David  Nickson  in  Illinois  on  April  27,  1864.  They 
came  west  to  Oregon  in  1869  and  later  to  Idaho.  Mr. 
Nickson  was  a  farmer  and  died  in  November,  1890. 
Six  children  were  born  to  that  marriage,  named  as 
follows:  William  L..  Ida  M.,  John  A.,  deceased, 
Emma  L,  deceased,  Celia  E.,  deceased,  Clarence  D., 
married  on  June  3,  1000. 


H.  S.  ARBOGAST,  the  stirring  and  skillful  con- 
tractor whose  labors  in  Grangeville  for  more  than  a 
decade  have  placed  him  among  the,  successful  business 
men  of  the  county,  is  entitled  to  representation  in  the 
history  of  his  county,  as  he  has  always  labored  for  its 
upbuilding  and  improvement.  He  is  a  man  of  upright- 
ness and  integrity  and  receives  the  respect  of  all. 

H.  S.  Arbogast  was  born  in  Pendleton  county,  West 
Virginia,  on  March  18,  1847,  bein?  the  son  of  Jesse 
and  Susan  (Stoner)  Arbogast.  The  father  was  born 
in  the  same  place  as  his  son,  the  year  being  1812.  He 
was  a  prominent  man  and  active  in  business  and  poli- 
tics. He  filled  all  the  county  offices  and  was  a  pioneer 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  McDonough  county,  Illinois,  in  1853.  His  death 
occurred  in  1873.  The  mother  was  born  in  Maryland 
in  1822,  and  died  in  1892.  She  came  of  German  ex- 
traction. Her  brothers  were  John,  a  captain  in  an 
Ohio  regiment,  and  Perry,  who  also  served  in  the 
Civil  war.  When  our  subject  was  five  the  family 
went  to  McDonough  county,  and  there  he  received  a 
good  education,  completing  the  same  in  Brant  college 
at  his  graduation  from  that  institution.  On  February 
9,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-seventh  Illinois.  He  was  veteranized  in  the  fall 
in  Company  C,  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-first  Illinois, 
and  served  until  January  26,  1866,  being  in  the  rear 
guard  of  the  famous  march  to  the  sea.  Following  the 
war,  Mr.  Arbogast  returned  to  his  Illinois  home  and 
did  carpentering  there  and  in  adjacent  places  until 
1882.  Then  he  came  to  Chariton,  Iowa,  and  did  build- 
ing on  the  railroad  and  acted  as  conductor  on  the  C. 
B.  &  Q.  for  a  number  of  years,  and  then  came,  in  1886, 
a  trip  to  Pendleton,  the  coast  towns  and  finally  to 
Spokane,  where  he  worked  for  one  mill  company  for 
some  time.  In  1891  Mr.  Arbogast  came  to  Grange- 
ville  and  started  in  carpentering,  contracting  and  gen- 
eral building,  and  since  that  time  he  has  continued  here 
with  success  that  merit  should  win. 

On  January  u,  1870,  in  Illinois,  Mr.  Arbogast  mar- 
ried Miss  Monetta,  daughter  of  G.  W.  and  Verlinda 
(Ratdekin)  Worden,  the  father  a  native  of  New  York 
and  now  a  merchant  in  Iowa  Creek,  Illinois,  while  the 
mother  was  born  and  raised  in  Illinois.  Mrs.  Arbogast 
was  born  in  1853  at  Swan  Creek,  Illinois,  and  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  Joseph,  Henry,  Liz- 
zie, Rosa  and  Verlinda.  Mr.  Arbogast  has  the  fol- 
lowing named  brothers  and  sisters :  Peter,  Douglass, 
Marion,  Sophia,  Eliza,  Jane,  Sarah,  Cynthia  and 
Francis.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  couple, 
—Marion  S.,  in  Coeur  d'Alene ;  Ira  E.  and  Donald  E., 
in  school.  Mr.  Arbogast  is  a  Mason  and  commander 
of  the  Hancock  post  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  in  Grangeville. 
He  is  an  active  Republican  and  takes  a  keen  interest 
in  affairs  of  import,  while  he  wields  a  good  influence. 


EBEN  W.  BUTCHER  is  an  industrious  and  skill- 
ful miner  and  prospector  living  two  miles  north  of 
Lucile,  and  is  occupied  in  delving  for  the  hidden  treas- 
ures. He  was  born  in  Macomb,  Illinois,  on  October  I, 
1869.  being  the  son  of  James  M.  and  Lydia  (Munson) 
Butcher.  The  father  was  born  in  Boone  county,  Indi- 
ana, in  1850.  He  came  west  to  Moscow  in  1886,  and 
died  the  following  year.  The  mother  of  our  subject 

mouth,  that  state.  The  family  came  to  Carroll  county, 
Missouri,  when  our  subject  was  eight  years  old,  and 
in  that  place  he  received  his  education  and  labored 
on  the  farm  with  his  father  until  he  grew  to  manhood. 
Then,  in  1886,  they  came  to  Moscow.  In  that  city  he 
learned  the  trade  of  the  butcher  and  operated  both  there 
and  at  Oakesdale,  Washington.  When  twenty  he 
went  to  California  and  mined  for  six  years  in  the 
placers.  Then  he  came  to  Idaho  in  1897,  going  first 


to  Elk  City,  where  he  located  some  claims.  Two  years 
later  he  came  to  the  Bluejacket,  on  the  Snake,  and 
Salmon  rivers,  and  in  December,  1890,  he  came  to  his 
present  place.  He  bought  here  the  Zebra  and  the 
Dandy,  both  good  placer  mines.  Since  then  he  has 
been  working  these  mines  with  good  success.  Mr. 
Butcher  has  four  sisters— Delia,  Lela,  Ola  and  Millie. 
Mr.  Butcher  is  a  good  Democrat. 


HIRAM  W.  STEVENSON  resides  on  his  fine  es- 
tate on  the  Salmon  and  Snake  rivers,  and  here  he  has 
followed  stock  raising  for  a  good  many  years  and  has 
met  with  the  success  that  enterprise,  skill  and  close 
attention  to  business  deserves,  and  is  now  classed  with 
the  substantial  and  heavy  property  owners  of  the  coun- 
ty. He  was  born  in  Hopkins  county,  Kentucky,  in 
1838,  the  son  of  Samuel  L.  and  Elizabeth  (Herron) 
Stevenson,  born  in  Virginia  in  1805  and  1809,  and  died 
in  1864  and  1888,  respectively.  They  came  to  Doug- 
las county,  Oregon,  in  1853,  landing  there  in  Septem- 
ber, 1853,  and  at  once  took  land  and  bought  land  and 
donated  five  hundred  dollars  to  found  the  Wilbur  acad- 
emy. He  never  dabbled  in  politics,  but  was  always 
in  the  van  in  any  public  improvement.  Crossing  the 
plains  consumed  six  months,  and  being  a  strong  train 
they  were  enabled  to  beat  off  the  Indians,  who  were 
hostile.  The  parents  came  from  old  Virginia  families, 
and  the  mother  was  of  German  extraction.  Our  sub- 
ject was  reared  in  Douglas  county  and  received  a  good 
education  from  Wilbur  academy.  He  remembers  dis- 
tinctly hearing  General  Lane's  battle  with  the  Indians 
on  the  day  they  landed  in  Oregon.  In  the  spring  of 
1863  Mr.  Stevenson  came  to  the  Elk  and  Boise  mines 
and  returned  the  next  year,  on  account  of  the  death 
of  his  father,  which  was  caused  by  a  horse.  He  and 
his  brother,  George  H.,  took  charge  of  the  estate,  which 
was  large,  and  he  remained  there  until  1887.  Then 
he  came  to  the  Salmon  river  country  to  recover  his 
health,  being  attacked  with  the  asthma  in  the  Willam- 
ette valley.  He  located  on  his  present  place  and  at 
once  started  to  raise  cattle  and  horses.  He  continued 
in  this  line  with  success  until  the  present,  enlarging 
and  increasing  steadily. 

In  1864,  in  Douglas  county,  Mr.  Stevenson  married 
Miss  Miranda  L.,  daughter  of  John  and  Malinda  (Du- 
gan)  Yokum,  natives  of  Virginia.  They  crossed  the 
plains  in  1849  and  settled  in  the  Willamette  valley, 
and  both  are  now  deceased.  The  father  was  a  brother 
of  General  Yokum.  Mrs.  Stevenson  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri in  1845,  and  nas  tne  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters: Henry,  James,  Ruby  Burgess,  Jacob,  Newton, 
Calvin.  Mr.  Stevenseon  has  eight  brothers  and  sis- 
ters,—Elenor,  Lane,  George,  Nancy  Party.  Mary  Rug- 
gles,  Lizzie  Whitelsay,  Macey  Car'land,  Frannie  Price, 
Lydia,  deceased.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this 
union,— James  R.  and  Samuel,  both  stockmen  on  the 
Salmon.  Mr.  Stevenson  is  a  Democrat  of  the  old 
type  and  Jeffersonian  doctrine.  While  he  has  never 
sought  preferment,  he  has  frequently  been  offered  posi- 
tion, but  constantly  refuses. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


GEORGE  R.  GETTY,  who  dwells  about  four 
miles  north  from  Cottonvvood,  is  one  of  the  industrious 
farmers  and  stockmen  of  Idaho  county,  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  accord  him  a  representation  in  the 
work  which  holds  the  history  of  his  county.  He  was 
born  in  Walworth  county,  Wisconsin,  on  June  20, 
1860,  the  son  of  Lewis  B.  and  Helen  M.  (Brown) 
Getty.  The  father  was  born  in  Westmoreland  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  January  2,  1824,  came  to  Wisconsin 
in  1846,  married  in  1852,  went  back  to  Pennsylvania,  in 
1864  returned  to  Wisconsin,  and  in  1876  he  came  thence 
to  Dayton,  Washington.  In  1888  he  went  to  Whit- 
man county,  and  1896  found  him  in  Nez  Perces  county, 
where  he  died  November  19,  1902.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  New  York  state  February  4, 
1836,  and  now  lives  in  Idaho  county.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  Wisconsin  and  then  came,  when  six- 
teen, with  the  family  to  Dayton,  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old.  When 
twenty-one  he  visited  Wisconsin,  returning  to  Wash- 
ington and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  in  1883.  In 
1884  he  located  a  quarter  and  bought  as  much  more, 
which  was  the  scene  of  his  labors  until  1896,  when  he 
came  to  his  present  place.  He  has  one  hundred  and 
fifty  acres,  good  buildings,  one  hundred  and  fifty  head 
of  stock  and  owns  part  of  a  threshing  outfit.  Mr. 
Getty  has  one  brother,— Andrew  G.,  in  Columbus 

On'  October0  25,  1885,  Mr.  Getty  married  Miss 
Emma  S.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Benton) 
Abraham.  Air.  Abraham  was  born  in  London,  Eng- 
land, in  1827,  came  to  the  United  States  when  a  young 
man,  followed  his  trade  of  tailoring  and  in  1860  came 
overland  to  Oregon.  In  1862  he  was  in  Walla  Walla 
and  later  took  land  in  Columbus  county,  where  he 
dwells  now.  The  mother  was  born  in  Michigan  in 
1833,  crossed  the  plains,  married  in  Oregon  and  died 
December  24,  1882.  Mrs.  Getty  was  born  in  Columbia 
county,  Washington,  October  6,  1866,  and  has  four 
brothers,— Thomas  C.,  James  E.,  Grant  and  Ray  D. 
Seven  children  are  the  fruit  of  this  marriage— Marlow 
L.,  born  October  27,  1886;  Philip  E.,  born  April  22, 
1888:  Virginia  M.,  born  November  21,  1889;  Helen 
M.,  born  December  8,  1892 ;  Mary  E.,  born  October  9, 
1894;  Lucy  V.,  born  December  10,  1896;  Martha,  born 
May  9,  1902.  Mr.  Getty  and  his  wife  are  Democrats 
of  the  Jeffersonian  type  and  he  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Maccabees. 


PATRICK  H.  LEACH.  Although  the  subject  of 
this  article  has  not  been  in  Idaho  county  as  long  as 
some  of  the  worthy  pioneers  who  opened  it  up,  still  his 
excellent  labors  during  the  time  of  his  domicile  here 
have  resulted  in  such  good  development  and  improve- 
ment that  he  is  entitled  to  representation  among  those 
who  are  the  substantial  citizens  of  'northern  Idaho  and 
who  have  made  the  country  what  it  is  now.  He  was 
born  in  Joliet,  Illinois,  on  March  31,  1867,  and  his  par- 
ents now  dwell  in  that  city.  He  grew  to  manhood  and 
was  educated  in  his  native  place,  and  when  eighteen 
went  to  do  for  himself  in  the  whirl  of  the  world's  busi- 


ness. He  traveled  all  through  Missouri,  Iowa,  Kansas, 
and  Nebraska,  and  in  1890  we  find  him  in  Denver  and 
soon  in  the  mining  camps  of  Colorado,  as  Leadville, 
Creed,  and  so  forth.  In  1882  he  went  to  Cripple 
Creek  and  wrought  there  until  the  time  of  the  Buffalo 
Hump  excitement,  when  he  came  with  a  pack  train  to 
Idaho  and  at  once  went  into  that  well  known  camp  and 
soon  had  discovered  a  fine  property.  He  and  his  part- 
ners, John  McLean  and  E.  T.  Peachey,  located  a  good 
group  and  at  once  began  development  work,  and  they 
have  showed  up  fine  values  and  a  good  body  of  ore. 
In  September,  1902,  they  incorporated  it  under  the 
name  of  the  Acacia  B.  Mining  &  Milling  Company,  and 
it  is  being  developed  in  a  more  extensive  manner. 

Mr.  Leach  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church,  and 
in  political  matters  he  .reserves  for  his  own  decision  all 
questions  brought  forward,  without  being  tied  by  any 
party  bands.  He  is  an  independent  thinker  and  a  man 
of  intelligence. 


GEORGE  W.  SLAYTON,  who  dwells  three  miles 
east  from  Cottonwood,  is  one  of  the  intelligent  and 
prosperous  farmers  of  the  county  and  has  made  a 
standing  and  reputation  for  himself  which  are  enviable. 

George  W.  Slayton  was  born  in  Washington  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  on  September  26,  1865,  the  son  of  Samuel 
R.  and  Eliza  J.  (Savery)  Slayton.  The  father  was 
born  in  Woodstock,  Vermont,  on  August  27,  1830,  re- 
ceived a  good  education,  taught  school  and  in  1852 
crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams.  He  mined  in  Cali- 
fornia, went  to  Oregon  in  1852,  served  in  the  Rogue 
river  war,  came  to  the  Salmon  in  1862  and  returned  the 
same  year  to  Oregon.  Later  we  see  him  in  Crook 
county,  where  he  still  lives,  being  one  of  the  heavy  land 
owners  and  stockmen.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  on  July  22,  1841,  in  Marshall  county,  Mississippi. 
She  dwelt  in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  with  her  parents, 
crossed  the  plains  and  was  married  in  Oregon  on  July 
i,  1858.  She,  with  her  husband,  was  crossing  the 
Santiam  pass  when  the  horses  became  frightened  at 
a  falling  tree  and  backed  the  carriage  over  a  steep 
grade  into  the  Santiam  river.  She  was  badly  crushed, 
necessitating  the  amputation  of  one  limb,  from  which 
she  never  recovered.  Her  demise  occurred  on  October 
31,  1901,  and  her  remains  rest  in  Lone  Fir  cemetery, 
P'ortland.  Our  subject  was  reared  mostly  in  Crook- 
county,  received  a  first  class  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  the  agricultural  college  at  Corvallis.  He 
taught  until  1890,  mostly  in  Crook  county,  and  held  the 
superintendency  of  schools  of  that  county.  He  went  to 
Ann  Arbor  and  entered  the  medical  department  of 
that  institution,  but  was  deterred  from  completing  the 
course  by  ill  health.  Returning  to  Crook  county,  he- 
continued  to  teach  there,  as  well  as  in  Idaho  and  Texas. 
In  July,  1895,  Mr.  Slayton  went  to  the  Transvaal, 
South  'Africa,  and  operated  diamond  drills,  having 
been  a  steam  engineer  previously.  On  account  of  the 
approaching  war  there,  he  returned  to  this  country  in 
1898,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  came  to  his 
present  location,  which  he  purchased.  Since  then  Mr. 
Slayton  has  been  engaged  here  with  one  exception, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


when  he  operated  a  diamond  drill  in  Stevens  county, 
Washington.  Mr.  Slayton  owns  one  hundred  and  forty 
acres  of  land,  handles  stock  and  is  prosperous.  He 
also  has  a  valuable  estate  in  Crooks  county.  Mr.  Slay- 
ton  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Edgar  T., 
Robert  L..  Ada  C.  Howard,  Jennie  Y.  I/Ren  and 
Mabel  E.  Engs. 

On  March  19,  1899,  Mr.  Slayton  married  Miss 
Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Gamaliel  G.  and  Susan  (Wood) 
Newton.  Mr.  Newton  was  born  in  Ohio  on  November 
7,  1839,  crossed  the  plains  with  his  parents  in  1848, 
and  now  lives  in  Benton  county.  His  wife  was  born 
in  Iowa  on  September  n,  1840,  and  now  lives  in  Ben- 
ton  county.  She  crossed  the  plains  by  ox  teams  in 
1853.  Mrs.  Slayton  was  born  October  4,  1866,  in 
Corvallis,  Oregon,  graduated  from  the  Corvallis  col- 
lege in  1888  and  then  devoted  a  number  of  years  to 
teaching.  She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters : 
Diana  McCoy,  Margaret  Cooper,  Jennie,  Alva,  Emory, 
Cora.  One  child,  Ruth,  was  born  to  this  couple,  Janu- 
ary 8,  1901.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Slayton  are  Democrats, 
and  he  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,'  while  both  be- 
long to  the  Rebekahs. 

It  is  of  note  that  the  family  of  Slayton  has  been 
prominent  in  this  country  for  generations  and  seven  of 
them  were  in  the  Revolution  and  sixty-one  were  in  the 
Rebellion.  The  family  dates  back  in  unbroken  record 
to  Captain  Thomas  Slayton,  born  in  England  in  1682. 


HARRY  SOUTHARD  is  the  postmaster  at  Lucile 
and  is  a  good,  substantial  citizen  and  upright  man.  He 
has  manifested  excellent  enterprise  and  energy  in  his 
efforts  in  this  locality  and  is  also  managing  a  general 
mercandise  establishment  at  Lucile.  He  was  born  at 
Berlin,  Greenlake  county,  Wisconsin,  on  May  21,  1850, 
being  the  son  of  Edward  and  Martha  E.  (Wallbridge) 
Southard.  The  father  was  a  lumberman.  He  was 
born  in  New  York  on  June  22,  1818,  and  died  in  1899. 
He  served  in  Company  G,  Fifth  Wisconsin  Volunteer 
Infantry,  for  three  years  in  the  Civil  war,  participating 
in  the  battles  of  Fair  Oaks,  Maivern  Hill,  Yorktown 
and  others.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
New  York  in  September,  1819,  and  died  in  1876.  Her 
father  was  a  patriot  in  the  war  of  1812.  Our  subject 
came  with  his  parents  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  was  edu- 
cated there  and  in  Wisconsin.  At  the  early  age  of 
fifteen  he  stepped  from  the  parental  roof  onto  the  arena 
of  life's  battle.  For  a  short  time  he  lived  in  Iowa  and 
Minnesota,  and  in  1872  went  to  Placer  county,  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  mined  and  farmed.  Three  years  later 
he  was  one  of  a  party  of  twenty-nine  which  went  into 
the  Black  Hills.  They  were  promptly  removed  by  Cap- 
tain Pollock  and  paroled.  Then  he  went  to  British 
Columbia  and  mined  for  seven  years,  after  which  he 
went  to  Nebraska  and  visited  his  father.  In  1885  he 
returned  to  Mendocino  county,  California,  and  oper- 
ated an  engine.  In  1891  he  was  in  Sacramento  valley, 
whence  he  went  to  Portland,  remaining  there  until 
1897.  The  last  date  marks  his  advent  into  Idaho, 
and  he  prospected  in  Warren,  Pierce  City  and  other 


.....,.,,&  A 
appointed   post 
— 


ctions  until  February  28,  1901,  when  he  was 
postmaster  at   Lucile.     He  had   been  the 
pirit  in  securing  this  office  and  has  shown 


J.  B.  CHAMBERLAIN,  who  is  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  in  this  section  of  Idaho,  is  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  northern  Idaho  and  is  well  acquainted  with 
the  country  from  the  time  the  first  white  men  settled 
here  until  the  present,  having  also  taken  a  leading  part 
in  its  .development  and  progress.  He  is  a  man  of  fine 
capabilities,  dominated  by  sagacity  and  integrity  and 
possessed  of  that  executive  force  and  keen  discrimina- 
tion that  are  so  indispensible  for  one  in  the  prominent 
and  leading  position  that  he  has  held. 

J.  B.  Chamberlain  was  born  in  North  Fredericks- 
burg,  Canada,  on  August  24,  1833,  the  son  of  John 
and  Ann  (Dettor)  Chamberlain.  The  father  was  a 
prominent  man  in  his  section  and  died  in  1869.  His 
ancestors  were  natives  of  Vermont  and  removed  to 
Canada  in  an  early  day.  Our  subject  received  his  edu- 
cation in  his  native  place,  grew  to  manhood  there  and 
in  1862  bade  the  familiar  scenes  farewell  and  journeyed 
to  British  Columbia  to  Caribou  gold  fields.  He  came 
to  Lewiston  shortly  afterward,  and  so  on  to  Warren, 
which  was  so  named  from  James  Warren,  the  discov- 
erer of  the  gold  there.  He  took  up  mining  and  then 
opened  a  butcher  shop  and  in  this  industry  he  contin- 
ued for  eleven  years.  It  was  his  fortune  then  to  be 
elected  auditor  and  recorder  of  Idaho  county,  his  name 
appearing  on  the  Republican  ticket.  This  occurred  in 
the  fall  of  1880,  and  he  took  his  seat  in  1881.  It  was 
a  signal  victory  for  Mr.  Chamberlain,  as  the  county 
-,vas  strongly  Democratic.  He  was  re-elected  in  1882. 
Following  this  service,  he  went  to  Whitebird  and  en- 
gaged in  the  stock  industry  and  since  that  time  has 
continued  steadily  in  the  same  business.  Mr.  Chamber- 
lain has  also  been  interested  in  mines  and  real  estate. 
In  1885  he  went  back  to  Warren  and  continued  there 
for  ten  years,  still  following  his  stock  business  with 
his  butcher  shop.  Again  he  was  chosen  to  fill  a  public 

terms,  which  also  was  unprecedented  for  a  Republican. 

Mr.  Chamberlain  has  two  brothers, — S.  G.  and 
John  D.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order.  In 
political  matters  he  is  an  active  and  influential  man 
and  always  adheres  to  the  Republican  policy.  In  early 
days  Mr.  Chamberlain  taught  school  at  the  Aram 
school  house  before  Grangeville  was  founded. 

Mr.  Chamberlain  was  at  Grangeville  when  the  war 
occurred,  and  in  reference  to  it  he  states  that  it  was 
caused  by  some  stockmen  petitioning  to  have  the 
government  transfer  the  Indians  to  the  reservation. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


This  being  attempted,  the  savages  broke  out  and  mur- 
dered many  of  those  who  had  signed  the  petition.  Mr. 
Chamberlain  refused  to  sign  the  petition,  and  he  says 
that  many  of  those  who  refused  to  sign  it  were  warned 
of  the  impending  outbreak.  Those  signing  the  peti- 
tion claimed  that  the  Indians  were  troubling  their 
stock  and  killing  them.  The  Indians  had  been  holding 
dances  and  councils  at  Tolo  lake  and  on  June  13  they 
killed  Richard  Divine  and  took  his  gun,  then  dispatched 
~  Henry  Elfers  and  John  Beckridge.  This  was  in  the 
morning,  and  as  they  came  down  the  Salmon  they  killed 
William  Osborne,  then  Henry  Mason  and  a  French- 
man named  Francois.  In  the  evening  they  killed  Mr. 
Samuel  Benedict,  having  wounded  him  in  the  morning. 
They  supposed  they  had  killed  him  in  the  morning, 
but  only  shot  him  through  the  legs.  He  crawled  to 
the  house  and  warned  his  wife  and  begged  her  to  go 
and  hide,  but  she  bravely  remained  with  him  until  the 
savages  came  in  the  evening,  and  she  ran  away  into  the 
brush  with  her  two  little  children,  and  for  four  days 
was  without  food.  Mr.  Benedict  crawled  out  of  the 
house  into  the  yard  when  he  heard  the  Indians  coming, 
and  there  they  despatched  him.  Mr.  Chamberlain  has 
passed  through  all  the  dangers  and  hardships  and  de- 
privations of  the  frontier  life,  has  nobly  done  his  part 
and  is  now  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county, 
and  enjoys  in  full  measure  the  confidence,  esteem  and 
good  will  of  all  the  people. 


WILLIAM  G.  BROWN  is  the  efficient  and  faith- 
ful marshal  of  Grangeville  at  the  present  time.  He 
is  a  man  of  excellent  abilities  in  a  number  of  lines, 
being  especially  endowed  with  mechanical  talents  and 
having  also  achieved  a  good  success  in  farm- 
ing and  raising  stock.  He  was  born  in 
Brownstown.  Green  county,  Wisconsin,  on  De- 
cember 25.  1868,  the  son  of  Charles  F.  and  Mary 
(Loomis)  Brown.,  natives  of  Wisconsin.  The  father 
who  was  born  in  1846,  is  a  millman  and  miner.  His 
parents  were  pioneers  in  Wisconsin  and  he  came  to 
California  in  the  seventies  and  to  Camas  prairie  in 
1881.  The  mother  died  in  1872,  aged  twenty- 
six.  Our  subject  grew  to  young  manhood  in 
his  native  state,  gained  a  good  common  school- 
ing and  it  early  developed  that  he  was  nat- 
urally endowed  with  the  mechanical  ability 
possessed  by  his  father  and  his  grandfather  before  him. 
When  eighteen  he  came  west  to  join  his  father  in  Idaho 
county  and  worked  on  the  farm,  then  did  butchering. 
Three  years  later  he  was  in  the  Dixie  mines,  then  down 
on  the  Salmon  in  different  mines  and  then  took  up  stock 
raising  with  mining.  This  continued  until  1895,  when 
he  came  to  Grangeville  and  engaged  in  carpentering. 
He  spent  some  time  also  with  his  father  in  the  saw  mill, 
and  was  made  night  watchman ;  in  the  spring  of  1902 
he  was  made  town  marshal. 

At  Grangeville,  on  September  25,  1892,  Mr.  Brown 
married  Miss  Addie,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Isabelle 
(Kelley)  Benedict.  The  father  was  born  at  Shannon- 
ville.  Ontario,  and  came  to  Idaho  in  1862.  He  was 


in  the  early  camps  and  operated  a  store  in  Whitebird 
in  1868.  Mrs'.  Benedict  was  born  at  Staten  Island, 
New  York,  on  November  25,  1848.  Mr.  Benedict 
was  at  Whitebird  during  the  time  of  the  Indian  war  in 
1877  and  met  his  death  at  the  hands  of  the  savages. 
The  mother  was  captured  by  the  redskins.  Mrs.  Brown 
was  born  on  Slate  creek,  in  this  county,  in  1875,  and 
was  eighteen  months  of  age  when  the  massacre  oc- 
curred, and  she  was  with  her  mother  in  hiding  four 
days  and  four  nights  in  the  bushes  without  shelter. 
She  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Grant, 
Frankie  Schisler,  and  four  half  brothers  and  half  sis- 
ters,—Emily,  Edward,  Alice,  Robbie.  Mr.  Brown  has 
two  sisters,— Ada  Keller  and  Mary  J.  Markham.  Four 
children  have  been  born  to  them, — Hazel,  Ralph,  Fran- 
cis and  Dale.  Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  W.  O. 
W.,  and  the  K.  P.  Mrs.  Brown  is  a  Catholic.  Mr. 
Brown  owns  town  property  and  in  political  alliances 
he  is  an  active  Republican. 


LEVI  SHARP  is  one  of  the  well  known  and  good 
citizens  of  Idaho  county.  He  operates  a  hotel  at  Lu- 
cile  and  also  does  considerable  mining.  He  was  born 
in  Delaware,  on  September  n,  1838,  being  the  son 
of  John  T.  and  Elizabeth  (Murphy)  Sharp,  both  na- 
tives of  Delaware.  The  father  was  of  Scotch  par- 
entage, was  born  in  1815  and  died  in  1891.  The 
mother  died  when  our  subject  was  very  young.  Levi 
was  reared  in  Ohio  where  he  received  his  education 
and  worked  with  his  father.  When  eighteen  he  went 
to  Iowa  and  one  year  later  to  Linn  county,  Kansas. 
On  October  12,  1861,  Levi  Sharp  enlisted  in  Company 
H,  Seventh  Kansas  Cavalry.  He  was  honorably  dis- 
charged on  December  31,  1863.  He  reenlisted  Jan- 
uary I,  1864,  in  the  same  company  and  was  discharged 
September  3,  1865,  after  a  long  and  faithful  service  in 
defense  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes.  He  fought  at  Cor- 
inth, Tupolo,  Mississippi,  was  under  Grant  at  Holly 
Springs  and  participated  in  much  hot  skirmishing.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Kansas  where  he 
remained  until  1879.  Then  came  a  journey  to  Lead- 
ville,  Colorado,  and  at  Eagle  River  we  find  him  later 
operating  a  store.  He  was  in  Red  Cliff,  at  Glenwood 
Springs  and  at  Aspen,  following  various  occupations 
and  mining.  In  the  last  city  he  was  police  magis- 
trate for  two  years.  In  1898  Mr.  Sharp  traveled 
with  his  wife  to  various  localities  until  June  2,  1899, 
when  they  settled  in  their  present  location.  Sometime 
was  spent  prospecting  and  mining,  then  the  present 
hotel  was  built  and  since  then  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  conducting  it  and  to  mining. 

At  Leadville,  Colorado,  on  August  15,  1880,  Mr. 
Sharp  married  Miss  Margaret  Hollesten,  daughter 
of  John  H.,  and  Tabitha  (Koger)  Orr,  natives  of 
Lancastershire,  England,  and  Kentucky.  The  father 
was  born  in  1813,  came  to  California  in  1849,  died  in 
1895.  Mrs-.  Sharp  was  born  in  Davis  county,  Mis- 
souri, December  14,  1857.  and  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  John  S..  Thomas  L..  Robert  J., 
Jane,  Mary,  Catherine.  Letticia,  Hester.  Mr.  Sharp 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


has  five  sisters:  Mary,  Kittie,  Emma,  Fanny,  Safrona. 
Mr.  Sharp  is  a  Democrat  and  deputy  mineral  recorder. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  a  man  of  first  class 
standing. 


THOMAS  B.  GALLAWAY,  who  has  made  a 
commendable  success  in  his  endeavors  in  Idaho  county, 
now  dwells  four  miles  northeast  of  Whitebird  upon 
an  estate  of  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres.  He  has 
improved  his  land  in  first-class  shape  and  in  addition 
to  general  farming,  raises  considerable  stock.  Thomas 
B.  Gallaway  was  born  in  Con  way  county,  Arkansas, 
on  February  12,  1866,  being  the  son  of  George  M. 
and  Louisa  T.  Gallaway.  When  a  child  he  was  taken 
with  the  family  to  Searcy  county,  Arkansas,  and  in 
1875  they  crossed  the  plains  by  team.  On  account 
of  the  hostility  of  the  savages,  constant  guard  duty 
was  required  but  they  arrived  at  Jackson  county  in 
safety.  In  1876  they  went  to  Yakima  county,  Wash- 
ington, and  two  years  later  to  the  Palouse  country. 
In  1883  they  came  to  Whitebird  and  our  subject  toiled 
with  his  father  until  1892,  when  he  inaugurated  inde- 
pendent action.  This  was  a  difficult  time  to  start  in 
life  owing  to  the  panic  which  then  had  just  begun 
to  sweep  the  country.  However,  young  Gallaway  was 
equal  to  the  occasion  and  laid  his  plans  wisely  and 
well.  His  mode  of  operation  was  to  take  a  preemp- 
tion, where  he  now  lives,  and  continues  in  a  small 
way  to  raise  cattle.  He  had  no  capital  whatever,  but 
he  determined  to  make  a  success  and  a  success  he  has 
made  no  doubt.  He  added  another  quarter  section  to 
his  estate  by  purchase  and  in  addition  to  his  land  has 
fine  bands  of  stock. 

Like  his  brothers,  Mr.  Gallaway  is  an  expert  with 
a  rifle.  From  infancy  he  has  handled  firearms  and 
has  gained  such  a  skill  that  no  game  can  escape  him. 
On  three  different  occasions  he  has  killed  two  deer 
with  one  shot.  He  has  killed  numerous  elk  and  deer, 
besides  one  moose,  and  his  fights  with  grizzlies  and 
cinnamons  are  too  numerous  to  mention  in  detail,  but 
suffice  it  to  say  that  Mr.  Gallaway  never  brought  his 
game  to  the  camp  alive  and  never  ran  away  from  a 
bear. 


ROBERT  M.  BIBB  has  labored  for  many  years 
in  Idaho  county  both  for  the  development  of  its  re- 
sources and  the  augmenting  of  his  property  holdings 
and  success  has  smiled  on  him  in  all  these  endeavors 
and  he  is  now  one  of  the  well-to-do  and  prosperous 
farmers  of  the  section.  He  was  born  in  Scotland 
county,  Missouri,  on  December  26,  1854,  the  son  of 
David  and  Nancy  (Ewing)  Bibb,  born  in  Kentucky, 
in  1807  and  in  1829,  respectively.  The  father  died  in 
1860  and  the  mother  in  1868.  Their  ancestors  were 
among  the  earliest  pioneers  of  Missouri.  Our  sub- 
ject was  brought  up  in  his  native  place  and  after  a 
good  common  schooling  finished  his  education  in 
Lagrange  college.  He  left  the  home  state  in  1874  and 
journeyed  to  Battle  Mountain,  in  Nevada,  where  he 
clerked  in  a  railroad  hotel  for  a  year.  Next  we  see 


him  at  the  Cornucopia  mines  in  Nevada  and  in  1876 
he  returned  to  Wayland,  Missouri,  where  he  engaged 
in  general  merchandise  for  seven  years.  Then  he  sold 
and  removed  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  was  salesman  in 
a  dry-goods  house  for  some  time.  In  April,  1883,  he 
removed  to  Dodge  City,  Kansas,  then  came  to  the 
coast  a  year  later  and  in  April,  1885,  he  landed  on  the 
fertile  Camas  prairie.  He-  took  a  homestead  on  Craig 
mountain  and  five  years  later  sold  it.  Then  in  1892 
after  two  years  of  renting  he  bought  land  where  he 
now  dwells,  about  four  miles  west  from  Grangeville. 
He  now  owns  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  fertile 
land,  well  improved,  has  one  hundred  and  twenty  head 
of  graded  Shorthorns,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
hogs  and  also  other  stock  and  property.  Mr.  Bibb 
has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Mattie  Taylor,  John 
W.,  both  in  Missouri. 

In  Clarke  county,  Missouri,  on  November  29, 
1881,  he  married  Mrs.  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  Abel  L. 
and  Mary  (Jeffries)  Morris.  The  father  was  born  ' 
in  Clark  county,  Ohio,  on  February  20,  1827,  came 
with  his  parents  to  Indiana,  thence  to  Missouri  and 
farmed  until  his  death,  July  n,  1890.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Kentucky,  in  1823  and  died  in  February,  1865. 
Mrs.  Bibb  was  born  in  Clarke  county,  Missouri,  on 
July  n,  1860,  and  has  the  following  named  brothers 
and  sisters:  Robert  M.,  Cornelius,  Lizzie  Barnett, 
Dorothy  Dimond,  Sue  Biggs,  Margaret  Longanecker. 
To  this  marriage  there  have  two  children  been  born, 
•Lawrence  F.,  born  September  23,  1882,  and  a  child 
died  in  infancy.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bibb  are  Democrats 
of  the  old  school.  They  also  belong  to  the  Baptist 
church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the 
W.  O.  W. 


MARK  V.  JARRETT,  deceased.  Among  the  old 
timers  and  hardy  pioneers  of  this  section  there  is  none 
better  known  than  was  Mark  V.  Jarrett,  who  passed 
from  the  toils  of  earth  to  the  realities  of  another 
world  on  August  25,  1900.  He  was  born  in  Kanawha 
county,  West  Virginia,  on  July  22,  1834,  the  son  of 
Squire  and  Sarah  (Price)  Jarrett.  The  father  was 
born  in  the  same  county,  on  January  6,  1812,  was  a 
prominent  man  of  his  place  and  died  June  7,  1887. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1815,  married  in 
1832  and  now  lives  in  Kanawha  county.  Our  subject 
was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  place  and  was  a 
well  informed  man.  He  engaged  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness and  was  also  a  natural  mechanic.  At  the  out- 
break of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  the  Nineteenth  Vir- 
ginia Cavalry  and  served  throughout  the  war  without 
a  wound.  He  was  first  lieutenant  of  Company  G. 
After  the  war  Mr.  Jarrett  came  to  Montana  and  thence 
to  Warren.  In  1868  he  came  to  the  prairie  and 
worked  for  L.  P.  Brown,  then  took  a  preemption  and 
later  returned  to  West  Virginia,  where  he  was  mar- 
ried, and  returned  with  his  bride  to  the  west.  In 
1872  he  took  up  a  general  farming  and  stock  rais- 
ing and  prospered.  During  the  Indian  war  he  took  his 
family  to  Mt.  Idaho  and  was  himself  one  of  the  volun- 


THOMAS  B.  GALLOWAY. 


ROBERT  M.  BIBB. 


MRS.  ROBERT  M.  BIBB. 


MRS.  MARK  V.  JARRETT. 


MARK  V.  JARRETT. 


JOSEPH  W.  DUNN. 


MATTHEW  H.  TRUSCOTT.  ISAAC  M.  IRWIN. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


teer  guards.  Mr.  Jarrett  left  an  estate  of  a  half  sec- 
tion, well  improved  and  stocked,  besides  some  prop- 
erty in  Grangeville.  He  had  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  James  M.,  Edward,  French,  Mathilda, 
Minerva  Levett,  Betty  Jackson,  Kate  Berchie,  Levy, 
deceased. 

On  October  30,  1871,  Mr.  Jarrett  married  Miss 
Rebecca  A.,  daughter  of  William  W.  and  Martha  H. 
(Littlepage)  Mann.  The  father,  who  was  born  in  Vir- 
ginia, in  1800,  was  a  cabinet  maker,  removed  to  White 
Sulpher  Springs,  West  Virginia,  and  there  died  in 
1862.  The  mother  was  born  in  September,  1817, 
raised  a  family  of  seven  children,  which  entailed  much 
hardship  and  deprivation  after  her  husband  died.  She 
died  on  November  19,  1879.  Mrs.  Jarrett  was  born 
on  July  7,  184^,  at  White  Sulpher  Springs,  in  Green- 
brier  county,  Wrest  Virginia.  She  has  seven  brothers 
and  sisters,  Francis  Carr,  Mary  C.  Porter,  Nancy 
Thayer,  Ella  Punderson,  Virginia  Reece,  Martha 
Moore,  deceased,  William  H.  Five  children  survive 
Mr.  Jarrett,  Mattie  C.,  born  September  12,  1872 ;  Sarah 
F.  Pugh,  born  December  12,  1873;  Mont  M.,  born 
September  21,  1875 ;  Wallace  I.,  born  February  22, 
1879;  Maria  A.,  born  July  7,  1881.  Mr.  Jarrett  was 
an  active  Democrat  and  his  wife  is  of  the  same  politi- 
cal faith.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 

At  the  time  of  the  Indian  war,  Mrs.  Jarrett  and 
Mrs.  Hanson  cooked  for  the  soldiers  and  fed  all  hun- 
gry men  that  came  to  the  fortifications  and  her  hus- 
band furnished  the  beef,  flour,  and  so  forth.  She  was 
a  pioneer  here  in  1872  and  was  one  of  the  earliest 
women  on  the  prairie.  Mrs.  Jarrett  has  nobly  taken 
up  the  burdens  since  her  husband's  death  and  in  man- 


JOSEPH  W.  DUNN  is  a  stirring  business  man  of 
Denver  where  he  handles  a  furniture  store  and  by  his 
enterprise  and  skill,  with  deferential  treatment  of  all, 
he  has  gained  a  thriving  patronage.  He  was  born  in 
Louisa  county,  Iowa,  on  October  15,  1848,  the  son  of 
John  and  Mary  J.  (Hiatt)  Dunn.  The  father  was 
born  in  Ohio,  in  1827,  his  parents  being  pioneers  of 
that  state.  He  dwelt  in  Iowa  and  Illinois  and  in  1884 
went  to  Kansas  and  took  a  homestead  in  Sherman 
county.  There  he  died  in  the  fall  of  1890.  The  moth- 
er was  born  in  Kentucky,  of  Welsh  extraction,  and 
she  died  in  the  spring  of  1866.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  remained  with  his  par- 
ents on  the  farm  until  twenty-two,  then  he  visited  his 
uncle  in  Missouri,  returning,  he  married  and  settled 
on  his  brother-in-law's  farm.  In  the  fall  of  1877,  he 
removed  to  Decatur  county,  Kansas,  and  took  a  home- 
stead. He  farmed  it  for  thirteen  years,  also  operating 
a  feed  store  in  Oberlin.  In  connection  with  these  lines 
of  business,  Mr.  Dunn  operated  a  steam  threshing  out- 
fit. His  health  broke  down  there  and  he  came  to  the 
coast.  He  found  relatives  in  the  Willamette  valley 
from  searching  the  donation  claim  records  as  they 
had  been  there  since  1852.  Then  he  set  on  a  search 
for  a  brother  who  had  been  swallowed  up  in  the  west. 


Failing  he  returned  to  Salem  and  in  the  spring  of  1892 
came  to  Moscow,  thence  to  Denver,  where  by  acci- 
dent he  discovered  the  brother.  Mr.  Dunn  assisted 
in  the  construction  of  some  of  the  first  buildings  in 
Denver  and  then  in  1893  opened  a  barber  shop.  He 
conducted  this  until  January,  1902,  when  he  opened 
a  furniture  store  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention 
to  its  development.  He  owns  a  house  and  lot  in 
Denver,  business  property  in  Oberlin,  Kansas,  and  also 
a  farm  there.  Mr.  Dunn  has  one  brother,  John,  and 
one  sister,  Josephine,  deceased. 

On  January  I,  1875,  Mr.  Dunn  married  Miss 
Sarah  R.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Martha  Wassen. 
She  was  born  in  1858  and  died  May  21,  1877.  Mrs. 
Dunn  had  two  brothers  and  one  sister:  John,  Thomas, 
Albina.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dunn  one  son  was  born, 
on  May  6,  1877,  Alfred  A.  He  lives  in  Iowa  with 
his  mother's  parents.  Mr.  Dunn  is  a  member  of  the 
].  O.  O.  F.,  while  in  political  matters  he  is  a  Popu- 
list. 


MATTHEW  H.  TRUSCOTT  is  one  of  the  earli- 
est pioneers  of  this  country  and  one  whose  labors  for 
all  the  intervening  years  have  been  for  general  ad- 
vancement. In  the  leading  industries  of  Idaho  County, 
he  stands  today  one  of  the  prominent  and  respected 
men  and  the  fact  that  for  may  years  he  has  held  the 
important  position  of  postmaster  of  Mt.  Idaho  signi- 
fies the  implicit  confidence  reposed  in  him  by  the  peo- 
ple. 

Matthew  H.  Truscott  was  born  in  England,  in- 
1845,  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1863.  His- 
parents,  Matthew  and  Elizabeth  (Coad)  Truscott,. 
were  natives  of  England  and  died  in  1874  and  1863,. 
respectively.  In  1861  Mr.  Truscott  went  to  Chile,  be- 
ing then  but  a  lad.  and  mined  there  for  two  years.  The 
year  1863  marks  the  date  of  his  advent  into  California 
and  after  two  years  of  mining  there  and  in  adjacent 
districts,  he  came  to  Elk  City,  Idaho,  where  he  fol- 
lowed the  same  occupation  until  1870,  Mt.  Idaho  be- 
ing his  postoffice.  Then  he  took  up  the  sawmill  busi- 
ness and  after  twelve  years  in  it  he  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  keeping  hotel.  In  1886  Mr.  Truscott  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster.  In  1893  he  added  general  mer- 
chandising to  this  and  now  handles  a  stock  of  well 
selected  goods.  Mr.  Truscott  was  one  of  the  volun- 
teers who  fought  in  the  Nez  Perces  war  and  also  did 
guard  duty  at  Mt.  Idaho.  Mr.  Truscott  coincides  with 
Mr.  Rice  that  the  murder  of  Norton  and  Chamberlain 
occurred  on  the  night  of  June  14. 

In  June,  1900,  Mr.  Truscott  married  Mrs.  George 
M.  Shearer,  widow  of  Major  Shearer  of  the  Nez 
Perces  war.  It  was  Major  Shearer  who  went  to  meet 
the  seventeen  volunteers  at  Cottonwood.  Mrs.  Tru- 
scott has  one  brother,  John  P.  Vollmer,  of  Lewiston, 
and  one  sister,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Kroutinger,  of  Lewiston. 
Mrs.  Truscott  was  born  in  Indianapolis,  in  February, 
1860,  being  the  daughter  of  Philip  Vollmer,  a  native 
of  Germany.  She  was  well  educated  and  came  first  to 
Idaho  in  1873.  She  returned  east  in  a  year  and  in  1881 
came  hither  again.  She  married  Mr.  Shearer  in  De.cem- 


546 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


her,  1883,  and  to  them  were  born  three  children  :  Eliza- 
beth V.,  Philip  A.,  Virginia.  Mr.  Truscott  is  an 
eighteen  degree  Mason.  Mrs.  Truscott  is  a  member  of 
the  Episcopalian  church.  Neither  one  takes  active 
part  in  politics  but  still  are  well  informed  on  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day  and  always  allied  on  the  side  of  good 


ISAAC  M.  IRWIN  is  one  of  the  leading  farm- 
ers and  stock  men  located  at  Riggins.  He  pays  at- 
tention to  mining  also  and  is  a  man  of  enterprise  and 
ability.  He  was  born  in  a  house  that  was  located  on 
the  line  between  Washington  and  Oregon,  the  date  of 
this  important  event  in  his  life  was  February  27,  1878. 
His  parents  are  Isaac  and  Mary  (Riggle)  Irwin.  The 
father  was  born  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  1825,  came 
west  in  a  very  early  day  and  now  resides  at  Grant's 
Pass,  Oregon.  Our  subject's  parents  left  Washington 
and  Oregon  when  he  was  an  infant,  settling  in  Idaho. 
Boise  was  the  home  for  two  years,  then  they  came  to 
the  Salmon  Meadows,  where  the  father  raised  stock 
for  ten  years.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  various 
places  where  the  family  lived  and  during  vacation 
he  broke  horses  for  his  father's  ranges  and  for  other 
stockmtn.  On  June  i,  1893,  they  settled  where  Rig- 
gins  now  stands,  taking  a  squatter's  rights.  The  father 
remained  there  until  1902,  and  since  then  the  man- 
agement of  the  estate  has  been  in  the  hands  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article.  He  and  his  brother,  Noah,  have 
been  operating  in  general  stockraising  and  farming. 
In  1900  they  built  a  fine  residence  at  Riggins  which 
was  the  start  of  the  town.  Since  then  they  have  put 
up  a  hotel  and  blacksmith  shop. 

On  May  16,  1901,  Mr.  Irwin  married  Miss  Pearl, 
daughter  of  George  W.  Curtis,  a  merchant  at  Riggins. 
Mrs.  Irwin  was  born  in  Applegate,  Oregon,  on  No- 
vember 2,  1883,  and  has  one  brother  and  three  sis- 
ters :  Mattie,  Helen,  Lulu,  Frederick.  Mr.  Irwin  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Rebecca,  Henri- 
etta, Emma,  John,  William,  David,  Richard,  Byron, 

party  ties  and  tenets  and  solves  the  important  ques- 
tions of  the  day  best  suited  to  his  own  judgment.  He 
owns  a  quarter  section  of  land,  part  of  it  being  the 
town  site,  has  thirty  acres  irrigated,  raises  fine  alfal- 
fa, and  is  a  prosperous  man.  He  and  his  wife  have 
one  child,  Gladys,  born  May  14,  1902. 

Mr.  Irwin  also  devotes  considerable  time  to  por- 
trait and  landscape  painting,  in  which  he  is  very  pro- 
ficient, and  as  his  property  holdings  will  now  permit, 
he  intends  to  take  up  his  art  and  make  it  his  profes- 


RICHARD  P.  COOPER  has  resided  in  Idaho 
county  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  and  much 
earlier  than  that  did  he  first  come  to  this  favored  sec- 
tion, and  he  should  surely  be  classed  with  the  build- 
ers of  the  county  and  its  wealth.  He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  on  April  15,  1841,  the  son  of  Covington  and 
Cynthia  "(Moupin)  Cooper,  natives  of  Kentucky  and 


born  in  1805  and  1810,  respectively.  The  father  came 
to  Missouri  in  1843  an(l  farmed  there  until  his  death 
in  1850.  The  mother  died  in  California  in  1890.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  in  1854 
crossed  the  plains  to  California,  the  family  all  coming 
then.  The  next  year  he  started  the  battle  of  life  for 
himself  and  continued  to  work  for  wages  until  he 
was  twenty.  Then  he  took  up  stock  raising  and  in 
1862,  he  came  to  Florence/ it  being  the  time  of  the  gold 
excitement.  Returning  to  California  he  took  a  pre- 
emption and  raised  sheep  until  1880,  when  he  sold  out 
and  came  thence  to  Camas  prairie.  July  17,  of  that 
year  he  landed  here  and  bought  a  quarter  section  north 
of  Crooks  creek.  He  sold  to  Seth  Jones  in  1885  and 
removed  north  from  Keuterville,  and  spent  the  sum- 
mers there  but  the  winters  on  the  Salmon.  Finally  he 
bought  his  present  place,  one  mile  northwest  from 
Keuterville.  Mr.  Cooper  has  two  hundred  and  eighty 
acres  of  land  and  he  does  a  general  fanning  busi- 
ness and  raises  stock.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  sheep 
and  has  some  fine  specimens,  especially  of  the  Ram- 
bouillet  breed.  He  has  three  hundred  and  fifty  head 
of  choice  animals  and  eighty  of  registered  bucks  for 
sale.  Mr.  Cooper  has  two  rams  of  this  well  known 
breed  that  are  as  fine  as  any  in  this  section  of  the 
country  and  he  takes  great  pains  to  raise  the  best  of 
animals  and  is  successful  in  his  efforts.  Mr.  Cooper 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  John,  George, 
Robert,  deceased,  Joseph,  Mary  Silvers,  James,  Adam. 
On  August  7,  1888,  Mr.  Cooper  married  Miss 
Lodema,  daughter  of  Gabriel  and  Mary  G.  (Brown). 
Church,  born  in  Wilkes  county,  North  Carolina,  in 
1823  and  1825,  respectively.  They  were  farmers  in 
that  state  and  the  father  died  in  1885  and  the  mother 
on  February  10,  1881.  Mrs.  Cooper  was  born  in 
Wilkes  county,  North  Carolina,  on  July  7,  1855,  and 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Martha  Brown, 
Levy  A.,  Mary  J.  Vanoy,  Alzina  Eller,  Ely,  Emejine. 
Six  children  were  born  to  this  union:  Mathilda  A., 
born  February  26,  1867;  Mary  E.  Rogge,  born  Janu- 
ary 10,  1870;  Benjamin  R.,  born  July  6.  1875;  Ida 
B.,  born  April  6,  1877  and  died  in  October,  1883 ; 
Peter  R.,  born  October  6,  1879:  Matie  D.  Andrews, 
born  February  n,  1881.  Mr.  Cooper  and  his  wife 
are  strong  Republicans  and  he  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F. 


SETH  JONES  has  the  distinction  of  being  a 
leader  in  many  lines  in  this  section  and  he  is,  without 
doubt,  one  of  the  first  and  most  stanch  pioneers  of 
Idaho  county.  He  was  born  in  Allegany  county, 
New  York,  on  April  6,  1833,  the  son  of  Stephen  and 
Lydia  (Lampheer)  Jones,  natives  of  New  York.  The 
father  died  in  1842  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  Illinois,  coming  thither  in  1838.  The  mother  died 
in  1843.  Being  thus  left  an  orphan  early,  our  subject 
went  to  live  with  his  brothers,  Phenis"  and  Conley. 
When  sixteen  he  started  in  to  do  battle  with  the  world 

himself  and  was  engaged  at  verious  employments 

il    1853,  when   on   April   3.  he  started  across  the 

plains.     Portland  was  reached  on  August  19,  and  he 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


wintered  at  Jacksonville;  the  next  spring  was  in 
Siskiyou  county,  where  he  mined  for  four  years  and 
then  returned  home.  He  married  and  two  years  later 

Utah,  Indians  stole  their  fine  horses,  taking  fifty  out 
of  seventy-five.  Five  days  were  spent  in  following 
the  savages,  but  no  horses  were  recovered  and  they 
then  made  arrangements  with  another  train  to  have 
their  wagons  pulled  at  twelve  dollars  per  day.  Settle- 
ment was  made  in  Scott's  valley,  California,  and  two 
years  they  dwelt  there.  On  June  I,  1862,  they  arrived 
at  Florence  and  came  out  over  the  Morse  Milner  trail. 
Mrs.  Jones  was  the  first  white  woman  over  the  trail 
and  the  gallant  Millner  would  take  no  fees  from  the 
entire  train  when  he  knew  of  her  presence.  In  March, 
1863,  Mr.  Jones  settled  on  Camas  prairie;  the  first 
logs  sawed  at  the  Pete  Walters  mill  made  the  lumber 
which  Mr.  Jones  used  to  build  the  first  settlers  cabin 
on  the  prairie.  Mr.  Jones  went  to  general  farming 
and  stockraising  and  has  prospered  steadily  up  to  the 
present.  At  one  time  he  sold  six  hundred  and  fifty 
head  of  stock  for  the  Montana  market  and  has  always 
had  large  bands  of  cattle  and  horses.  He  owns  nearly 
thirteen  hundred  acres  of  fine  agricultural  land,  has 
a  splendid  residence  and  seven  acres  in  Grangeville, 
which  is  the  family  home,  owns  excellent  stock,  hav- 
ing one  horse  that  cost  three  thousand  dollars,  and 
other  property  in  proportion.  Mr.  Jones  is  one  of  the 
most  substantial  men  of  the  county  and  may  be  rightly 
classed  as  one  of  the  real  builders.  He  refused  to 
sign  the  petition  to  have  the  Indians  set  onto  the  reser- 
vation and  so  was  unmolested.  He  passed  through 
two  large  bands  of  the  savages  in  full  war  paint  on 
June  1 3th  and  was  unmolested.  Charley  Horton  was 
with  him  and  the  next  day  that  unfortunate  man  was 
wages  about  two  miles  west  fr< 


Grangeville.  Mr.  Jones  says  the  war  started  on  June 
I3th  by  the  killing  of  Dick  Divine,  Henry  Elfers, 
John  Beckridge,  Benedict,  Baker,  William  "Osb 


and  Francois,  the  last  three  being 
mining  men.  Mr.  Jones  took  his  family  to  Mt.  Idaho 
for  two  months  during  this  trouble. 

On  December  13,  1858,  in  Illinois,  Mr.  Jones  mar- 
ried Miss  Jane  E.,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Jane 
(Eddy)  Castle,  natives  of  Canada  and  New  York, 
respectively.  Her  father  was  in  the  Civil  war  and 
her  grandfather  was  a  patriot  under  George  Wash- 
ington during  the  Revolution.  Mrs.  Jones'  father  died 
in  1877.  She  was  born  in  New  York  in  1837  and 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Orville,  Sam- 
uel, Louise,  Victoria,  Melissa.  Mr.  Jones  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters :  Albert,  Samuel,  Hannah, 
and  Caroline.  To  this  worthy  couple  and  stanch 
pioneers  have  been  born  the  following  named  children, 
all  solid  Republicans  in  good  standing:  Asa,  Ella, 
Bell,  wife  of  Charles  Cone,  and  the  first  white  child 
born  on  Camas  prairie.  Samuel.  Seth,  Rhoda,  Robert, 
William,  Jennie  Martin,  adopted.  Mrs.  Jones  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

By  way  of  reminiscence  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  in  early  days  Mr.  Jones  had  to  go  to  Walla  Walla 
for  all  supplies  and  the  distance  being  one  hundred  and 


fifty  miles  it  was  a  hard  and  tiresome  undertaking. 
Also  we  wish  to  note  that  Mr.  Jones  was  with  the 
party  that  met  the  soldiers  at  the  Manuel  place  after 
the  house  was  burned. 


ADDISON  D.  SEWELL  resides  across  the  river 
from  Lucile  'and  devotes  his  attention  to  ranching, 
stock  raising  and  raising  fruits.  He  was  born  in 
Marion  county,  Oregon,  on  May  25,  1857,  the  son  of 
David  T.  and  Elizabeth  Morrison  Sewell.  The 
father  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  on  November  14, 
1814,  and  was  killed  by  a  falling  tree  on  December 
3,  1857.  He  was  a  music  and  school  teacher  and 
crossed  the  plains  from  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  to  Salem, 
Oregon,  in  1851.  The  mother  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania on  August  I,  1824,  and  died  October  4,  1878. 
Her  father  was  a  native  of  Connecticut;  came  of  the 
Shaker  people.  She  crossed  the  plains  with  her  hus- 
band in  1851.  Our  subject  grew  up  in  Oregon  and 
received  a  good  education  and  also  learned  the  carpen- 
ter's trade.  When  twenty  he  came  to  Whitman  coun- 
ty, Washington,  where  he  resided  from  1877  to  1893. 
He  did  duty  against  the  savages  in  the  Indian  out- 
break, and  at  the  date  last  mentioned  came  to  the 
Salmon  river  and  there  leased  the  Sherwin  mine  with 
his  brother.  He  lived  on  the  Elfers  place  for  a  year 
and  a  half  and  in  1894  took  his  present  ranch,  where 
he  has  remained  since. 

On  December  6,  1885,  in  Whitman  county,  Wash- 
ington, Mr.  Sewell  married  Miss  Arrinda.  daughter 
of  Jasper  and  Sarah  (Black)  Seat.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  Missouri,  came  to  Oregon  in  1865,  thence 
to  Cheney,  Washington,  where  he  died.  The  mother 
was  also  born  in  Missouri.  Mrs.  Sewell  was  born 
April  23,  1861,  in  Missouri,  and  has  four  brothers  and 
one  sister:  Margaret  Scott,  Wesley,  Henry,  William, 
Adam.  Mr.  Sewell  has  one  brother,  Newton,  and  one 
sister,  Mary  Grim.  They  have  three  children :  Earl, 
attending  school  at  Spokane,  Hubert  and  Wardford, 
at  home.  Mrs.  Sewell  belongs  to  the  Baptist  church. 
Mr.  Sewell  is  a  Republican  and  a  strong  one,  too.  He 
is  always  on  hand  in  the  campaign  and  takes  a  keen 
interest  in  affairs.  He  has  a  quarter  section  of  land 
and  in  addition  to  general  farming  is  paying  much  at- 
tention to  fruit. 


EDMOND  FITZGERALD,  who  lives  about  five 
miles  southwest  from  Cottonwood,  on  a  good  estate, 
is  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  his  section  and  has 
demonstrated  his  enterprise  and  skill  in  handling  the 
resources  of  the  county  for  twenty  years.  He  was 
born  in  Ireland  on  May  27,  1832,  the  son  of  Nicholas 
and  Bridget  (Butter)  Fitzgerald,  natives  of  Ireland. 
The  father  was  born  in  1758.  He  was  a  patriot  in  the 
revolt  against  the  oppressions  of  England  in  1/98, 
which  was  led  by  the  noted  and  beloved  Emmett.  He 
died  on  March  io,  1858.  The  mother  died  when  this 
son  was  young.  Eclmond  was  educated  in  his  native 


548 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


land  and  in  1852  came  via  the  Isthmus  to  California 
and  was  soon  in  the  mines  on  American  river.  In 
1856  he  came  to  southern  Oregon  and  on  April  21, 
1862,  he  made  his  way  to  Walla  Walla,  whence  he 
went  to  Florence  and  then  to  Elk  City.  He  mined 
in  these  places  and  on  Clearwater  and  during  the 
Indian  was  was  in  Elk,  where  the  families  were  all 
forted  up.  After  the  war  he  mined  here  and  in  Cali- 
fornia and  in  Arizona  and  Montana.  In  1885  Mr. 
Fitzgerald  came  to  Camas  prairie  and  took  land  and 
engaged  in  farming  and  raising  stock.  He  has  his 
farm  well  improved  and  owns  two  hundred  acres  and 
is  a  leading  agriculturist  of  the  county.  Mr.  Fitz- 
gerald pays  considerable  attention  to  buying  steers  and 
fattening  for  the  market.  He  also  raises  other  stock 
and  does  general  farming.  Mr.  Fitzgerald  has  one 
sister,  Mary  Wolfe,  in  Ireland. 

On  September  22,  1881,  Mr.  Fitzgerald  married 
Miss  Katie,  daughter  of  Edward  and  Kattie  (Sulli- 
van) Carmody,  natives  of  Ireland.  Mrs.  Fitzgerald 
was  born  in  County  Kerry,  Ireland,  on  August  3, 
1843.  Mr.  Fitzgerald  and  his  wife  are  strong  Demo- 
crats and  are  devout  members  of  the  Catholic  church. 


BENJAMIN  D.  KNORR  is  one  of  the  younger 
and  popular  business  men  of  Grangeville  and  has 
manifested  his  ability  and  executive  force  in  his  oper- 
ations in  our  midst,  being  now  owner  and  operator 
of  the  Camas  Prairie  Roller  Mills  at  Grangeville.  He 
was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois,  on  August  13, 
1874,  the  son  of  Christopher  B.  and  Wilhelmina 
(Borcherding)  Knorr,  born  in  Germany  on  October 
2,  1842,  and  January  26,  1856,  respectively.  The 
father  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848  and  to  Idaho 
county  in  1888  and  is  a  heavy  real  estate  owner  and 
stockman.  The  mother  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1867,  and  they  both  dwell  in  Idaho  county  now.  The 
family  went  to  Grayson  county,  Texas,  when  our  sub- 
ject was  a  lad  and  in  1888  "came  here  and  finished 
his  education  in  the  Columbia  River  Conference 
Academy  in  Grangeville.  On  April  26,  1898,  Mr. 
Knorr  responded  to  the  call  and  enlisted  in  Company 
C,  First  Idaho  Volunteers  and  went  to  the  Philippines. 
He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Manila,  Santa  Crus, 
Guadaloupe  and  many  other  engagements.  He  was  in 
the  interior  of  the  Luzon  and  during  the  year  in  ser- 
vice endured  great  hardships  and  deprivations.  He 
landed  in  San  Francisco  on  August  26,  and  proceeded 
to  his  home.  On  account  of  the  hardships  endured  he 
was  unable  to  do  any  work  or  business  for  a  year  after 
landing  here.  In  1901,  he  bought  his  mill  and  since 
that  time  has  given  his  attention  to  its  operation  and 
has  achieved  a  good  success  in  this  line. 

On  June  II,  1902,  Mr.  Knorr  married  Miss  Mar- 
tha, daughter  of  P.  b.  Grote,  a  lumberman  in  Denver, 
Colorado,  where  the  wedding  occurred.  Mrs.  Knorr's 
parents  are  natives  of  Germany  and  are  now  both  liv- 
ing in  Denver.  She  was  born  in  Denver,  on  January 
19,  1884  and  has  two  brothers  and  four  sisters.  Mr. 
Knorr  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters : 


Amelia  Matrox,  Edward,  Fred,  Wilhelmina,  Matilda, 
Walter,  Clara.  Dora,  Christina.  Mr.  Knorr  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  W.  W.  and  he  and  his  wife 
are  adherents  of  the  Lutheran  church.  He  was  a 
candidate  for  representative  to  the  state  legislature  in 
1900  on  the  Populist  ticket  but  suffered  defeat  with  the 
other  members  of  the  ticket.  At  the  present  time  Mr. 
Knorr  is  an  active  Democrat. 


PHILIP  S.  PR1CHARD  is  one  of  the  earliest  pi- 
oneers to  the  Elk  City  country  and  he.  has  also  been  in 
all  the  prominent  camps  in  the  northwest,  while  ever 
he  has  manifested  those  qualities  of  enterprise  and 
worth  which  so  commend  the  sturdy  pioneers  to  all 
people.  He  was  born  in  Davison  county,  Tennessee, 
on  July  17,  1837,  the  son  of  Samuel  Prichard.  The 
father  was  born  in  Louisiana  and  in  1810  went  to  Illi- 
nois and  followed  civil  engineering.  He  went  to  Ten- 
nessee in  1830  and  in  1852  returned  to  Illinois.  He 
farmed,  then  went  to  Nebraska  and  finally  returned  to 
Illinois.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in 
Tennessee,  and  in  1858  crossed  the  plains  with  teams 
to  Douglas  county,  Oregon.  He  mined  there  and  in  an 
early  day,  just  after  the  discovery  of  the  camp,  in  July, 
1861,  he  came  to  Elk  City.  In  the  fall  of  1862  he  re- 
turned to  Eugene  and  soon  went  thence  to  the  Boise 

he  took  a  ranch  and  while  that  was  his  headquarters  he 
was  engaged  in  mining  in  various  sections.  In  1866 
he  was  with  the  scouts  who  issited  Crook  to  subdue 
the  Indians  in  southern  Oregon.  In  1868  Mr.  Prich- 
ard went  to  Jordan  creek  and  mined  and  in  1872  we 
see  him  in  Willow  creek  camp  and  Eldorado,  in  south- 
ern Oregon.  In  1874  he  was  in  the  Pioche  excite- 
ment in  Nevada,  and  in  1876  he  went  to  the  Black 
Hills,  in  Dakota,  and  took  part  in  Crook's  campaign 
against  the  Sioux  Indians.  He  mined  and  prospected 
there  also,  and  in  1876  was  in  the  Big  Horn  mountains 
in  Wyoming,  prospecting.  From  1878  for  three  years 
he  prospected  in  Lemhi  county,  on  the  Wood  fiver, 
and  in  the  Saw  Tooth  range.  In  1882  Mr.  Prichard 
returned  to  Idaho  county  and  ranched  for  two  years, 
and  then  came  to  the  Elk  basin,  and  here  he  has 
operated  since.  He  has  interests  in  many  paying  prop- 
erties, and  some  of  them  are  Laurel  Hill  group,  the 
Highland  group,  Number  One,  Number  Two  and 
others.  Mr.  Prichard  is  a  solid  Democrat,  and  in 
1900  he  was  road  supervisor.  He  stands  well  and  is- 
a  man  of  integrity  and  worth. 


JOHN  T.  JOHNSON  is  one  of  the  worthy 
pioneers  who  has  labored  long  for  the  development 
and  upbuilding  of  Idaho  county  and  is  deserving  of 
much  credit  for  his  enterprise  and  sterling  qualities. 
He  is  now  following  the  dual  occupation  of  mining 
and  farming,  owning  a  ranch  two  and  a  half  miles 
south  from  Lucile.  He  was  born  in  Fayette  county, 
Kentucky,  on  December  7,  1824,  being  the  son  of  An- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


drew  and  Jane  (Chambers)  Johnson,  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Kentucky  respectively.  The  father  died  in 
1886.  Our  subject  was  brought  by  his  parents  to 
Logansport,  Indiana,  when  he  was  but  an  infant.  He 
remained  there  for  nearly  twenty-two  years  and  he  re- 
ceived his  education  there.  He  saw  the  first  house  built 
in  Logansport.  On  March  15,  1852,  he  started  across 
the  plains  with  mule  teams.  In  due  time  he  arrived 
at  Placerville.  California,  and  engaged  in  mining.  He 
prospered  and  then  lost  money.  Afterward  he  made 
more.  We  see  him  next  in  British  Columbia.  Then 
he  took  a  whaling  voyage  to  Behring  Sea.  After  that 
he  came  to  Idaho  in  1861  and  took  a  pack  train  of  103 
mules  to  Florence.  On  one  occasion  he  packed  a 
ton  of  gold  out  of  that  camp  for  the  Wells,  Fargo 
Company.  Then  he  went  to  Montana  and  mined  and 
packed  in  the  Alder  gulch  region.  Five  years  later  he 
returned  to  Idaho  and  followed  packing  into  all  the 
various  camps  of  Northern  Idaho  for  about  twelve 
years.  Then  he  farmed  on  Camas  prairie,  and  mined 
on  the  Salmon  river.  Mr.  Johnson  was  here  during 
the  Indian  war  and  was  on  the  prairie  above  Mr.  El- 
fers'  place  when  that  unfortunate  man  was  murdered. 
He  saw  the  shots  fired  but  supposed  it  was  the  boys 
killing  coyotes.  During  the  war  he  scouted  for  General 
Howard  and  was  at  Bear  Paw  mountain  when  Chief 
Joseph  surrendered.  He  was  also  in  the  Sheepeater 
war  under  Captain  McKeiver.  He  scouted  for  three 
summers  in  these  two  wars.  He  was  standing  by 
when  Sergeant  Eagan  was  killed.  Mr.  Johnson  was  in 
at  the  christening  of  Vinegar  hill  and  partook  of  the 
beverage.  He  has  three  brothers,  Edward,  Andrew  and 
and  Richard,  the  last  two  being  killed  in  the  Civil  war, 
and  three  sisters :  Catherine  Graham,  Elizabeth  White 
and  Mary  E.  Kinnaman.  Mr.  Johnson  is  a  Democrat, 
one  of  the  good  old  fashioned  Jeflersonian  kind,  who 
can  give  a  reason  for  the  hope  in  them. 


LUCIUS  L.  MORTON,  of  the  firm  of  Morton  & 
Johnston,  leading  stock  and  mining  men  of  southern 
Idaho  county,  lives  two  miles  southwest  of  Lucile.  He 
was  born. in  Tennessee  in  1832,  the  son  of  Elijah  and 
Mary  (Alexander)  Morton,  natives  of  New  Jersey, 
pioneers  of  Illinois  in  1833.  The  father  fought  in  the 
war  of  1812  and  also  in  various  Indian  struggles  in 
Illinois.  Our  subject  was  educated  and  grew  to  man- 
hood in  the  Prairie  state,  being  favored  with  a  course 
in  the  academy  at  Galesburg.  His  early  days  were 
spent  in  bookkeeping;  then  he  went  to  Rice  county, 
Minnesota,  for  three  years.  Then  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois and  thence  to  Colorado,  mining  in  all  the  various 
and  leading  camps  while  there  until  1860.  Next  we 
see  him  in  the  Alder  gulch  country  and  he  dug  gold 
on  the  site  of  the  Helena  before  a  white  man's  habi- 
tation was  there.  The  Idaho  camps  attracted  him  next 
and  after  that  he  was  in  South  Pass,  Wyoming,  in  the 
white  pine  country,  Nevada,  and  then  at  Baker  City, 
Oregon.  1882  found  Mr.  Morton  mining  in  the  Seven 
Devils  country,  which  he  thinks  to  be  one  of  the  rich 
sections  of  the  west.  Various  other  camps  were  visited 


by  him  and  finally  in  1893  he  discovered  the  Blue 
Jacket  on  the  Salmon  river.  He  has  done  over  a 
thousand  feet  of  work  on  it.  The  same  year  he  went 
into  partnership  with  Revillo  Johnston  which  relation 
has  continued  until  the  present  time.  In  1894  Mr. 
Johnston  took  his  present  ranch  and  in  addition  to  the 
prosperous  stock  business  which  they  handle  they  are 
heavily  interested  in  mining.  They  own  the  Golden 
Crown  group  and  other  property.  Mr.  Morton  has 
never  been  back  to  see  his  people  in  Illinois  since  1860. 
He  has  one  brother,  Charles,  in  Oregon,  and  two, 
Henry  and  James,  in  Illinois.  Mr.  Morton  is  a  Demo- 
crat. After  seeing  the  various  mining  countries  of  the 
west  he  is  satisfied  that  Idaho  county  possesses  some 
of  the  most  valuable  mineral  deposits  known  and  when 
transportation  facilities  are  better  it  will  be  shown  to  be 
one  of  the  greatest  mining  sections  yet  discovered. 


CHARLES  P.  CONE  has  spent  practically  all  of 
his  life  in  this  county ;  he  is  one  of  the  leading  men  at 
this  time  and  a  heavy  property  owner,  and  it  may  truly 
be  said  that  he  has  always  labored  for  the  advance- 
ment and  upbuilding  of  the  country  and  its  substantial 
development. 

Charles  P.  Cone  was  born  in  Ossipee,  New  Hamp- 
shire, on  October  11,  1857,  the  son  of  Charles  F.  and 
Annie  C.  (Wood)  Cone,  natives  of  New  York  and 
Maine,  respectively.  The  father  was  born  on  Febru- 
ary 14,  1827,  and  died,  in  1894.  He  crossed  the  plains 
to  California  in  1850  and  in  1863  settled  with  his  wife 
and  two  sons  in  Idaho  county.  The  mother  was  born 
in  1841  and  died  on  June  14,  1902.  Her  father  was 
a  pioneer  in  California  and  crossed  to  Idaho  in  1861, 
where  his  wife  joined  him  the  next  year.  He  bought 
land  from  the  Indians  on  Slate  creek,  Chief  Whistle 
Knocker  making  the  transfer  for  twelve  hundred  dol- 
lars. This  was  the  first  land  secured  from  the  In- 
dians, and  he  was  a  member  of  the  first  legislature, 
when  the  capital  was  in  Lewiston. 

Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  this  coun- 
ty, with  also  a  two  years'  course  at  Waukegan,  Ill- 
inois. His  father  and  his  grandfather,  Wood,  opened 
a  store,  started  a  postoffice  and  also  raised  great  num- 
bers of  cattle  and  horses.  Our  subject  was  given 
stock  as  soon  as  he  could  ride,  and  since  that  date  he 
has  continued  in  the  industry  with  good  success.  He 
owns  now  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  good 
prairie  land  and  also  much  other  property. 

In  1884  Mr.  Cone  married  Miss  Belle,  daughter  of 
Seth  and  Jane  (Castle)  Jones,  who  are  mentioned  in 
this  work.  Mrs.  Cone  was  born  on  Camas  prairie 
on  November  7,  1863,  being  the  first  white  child  born 
in  Idaho  county.  Mr.  Cone  has  one  brother,  Harry 
W.,  in  Grangeville.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
this  union, — Alvin  F.,  born  February  13,  1886;  and 
Robert  H.,  born  July  I,  1887.  Mr.  Cone  is  a  Mason 
and  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  and  I.  O.  O.  F.  He 
affiliates  with  the  Republicans  and  has  fined  several 
offices  at  the  hands  of  the  people.  Mr.  Cone  was  with 
his  people  on  Slate  creek  at  the  time  of  the  Nez  Perce 


550 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


war,  there  being  himself,  his  parents,  his  grandparents, 
his  brother  and  Josh  Fodder.  Mr.  Cone  was  familiar 
with  the  young  Indians,  having  hunted  and  compan- 
ioned with  them  for  many  years.  Among  those  whom 
he  knew  well  are  Eagle  Caps,  (Tip-U-Lahna-Caps 
Caps),  Red  Leggings,  (Sopses-Ilp-Pilp),  No  Eye, 
(Chia-Opsin).  Mr.  Cone  is  now  one  of  the  substan- 
tial and  public  minded  citizens,  a  progressive  man  and 
the  recipient  of  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all.  Mr. 
Cone  has  associated  himself  with  Mr.  Bonebrake  in 
the  drug  business,  and  they  are  operating  this  line 
under  the  name  of  The  Right  Store.  Mr.  Cone  is  also 
a  member  of  the  city  board  of  aldermen. 


MARTIN  WAGNER,  who  now  holds  the  posi- 
tion of  cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Grangeville,  is  one  of 
the  substantial  and  worthy  business  men  of  our  county, 
and  his  efficient  labors  'in  various  capacities  have 
stamped  him  a  man  of  capabilities  and  his  integrity 
and  uprightness  are  patent  to  all. 

Martin  Wagner  was  born  in  Germany  on  Novem- 
ber 29,  1853,  the  son  of  John  and  Katherina  (Eich- 
horn)' Wagner,  born  in  Germany  in  1826.  The  father, 
who  followed  manufacturing  in  Germany,  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1866  and  settled  at  Portland,  where  he 
kept  hotel.  He  died  in  1875.  The  mother  died  in 
1877.  Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Port- 
land, taking  a  course  in  a  business  college,  after  which 
he  accepted  a  clerkship  in  a  dry  goods  establishment. 
He  migrated  to  Walla  Walla  in  1878,  and  a  short  time 
later  came  to  Lewiston.  Here  he  took  a  position  with 
the  firm  of  Vollmer  &  Scott,  general  merchants.  Later 
he  was  in  Grangeville,  and  also  in  Genesee.  It  was  in 
1893  that  he  accepted  the  position  of  cashier  of  the 
Grangeville  bank,  and  since  that  time  his  energies  and 
talent  have  been  devoted  in  a  successful  manner  to  the 
upbuilding  of  the  interests  of  this  institution.  At  the 
present  time  he  is  city  treasurer  in  addition  to  his  other 
duties.  Mr.  Wagner  is  a  Republican  and  a  potent 
influence  in  the  affairs  of  the  political  realm. 

In  1890  occurred  the  wedding  of  Mr.  Wagner  and 
Miss  Carrie,  daughter  of  Bernhardt  and  Dorotha 
(Hellman)  Pape,  natives  of  Germany,  and  now  dwell- 
ing in  Portland.  Mrs.  Wagner  was  born  in  Illinois 
in  1860  and  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters  living  in 
Portland.  Mr.  Wagner  has  one  brother  and  one  sis- 
ter,—Peter  and  Barbara  Costendieck,  both  in  Port- 
land. Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, — 
Dorotha  and  Bernhardt.  Mr.  Wagner  is  a  member  of 
the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  of  the  W.  W.  and  of  the  Women 
of  Woodcraft. 


SAMSON  DILLINGER,  of  Dixie,  is  one  of  the 
leading  old  timers  and  mine  owners  of  the  country 
and  has  done  a  remarkable  work  in  the  last  forty-five 
and  fifty  years  in  the  various  camps  of  Oregon,  Idaho, 
and  California.  He  was  born  in  Floyd  county,  Indiana, 
on  January  28.  1839,  the  son  of  Miles  and  Anna  (Hick- 
man)  Dillinger,  natives  of  Virginia,  and  in  1844  a°d 


1842,  respectively,  they  were  called  hence  by  death. 
Our  subject  was  brought  up  and  educated  in  Orange 
county,  Indiana,  and  in  1850  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon  City,  thence  to  Portland,  whence  he  soon  went 
to  southern  Oregon  to  mine.  He  was  the  first  dis- 
coverer of  gold  on  the  Rogue  river  and  only  one  man, 
Applegate,  who  was  raising  stock,  was  then  dwelling 
in' a  house  in  the  Umpqua  Valley.  He  also  struck  good 
pay  gravel  at  Sterling,  but  they  were  forced  to  leave 
because  the  Indians  were  about  to  break  out.  He  had 
been  advised  of  this  by  friendly  Indians.  Then  he 
went  to  Siskiyou  county,  California,  and  mined,  after 
which  he  prospected  near  Yreka,  that  state  and  dis- 
covered the  Black  Bear  mine.  In  1853  he  went  to  Boise 
basin  and  we  see  him  taking  out  dust  at  Placerville, 
then  on  the  Powder  river,  and  in  August,  1865,  he 
made  his  way  to  Elk  City.  In  1867  he  was  on  Gold 
creek  and  at  that  date,  only  Mr.  Wagoner  lived  on  the 
creek.  He  also  worked  at  Mallard  creek  where  they 
took  thirty  dollars  per  day  to  the  man,  but  were  chased 
out  by  savages.  Then  Mr.  Dillinger  returned  to  Elk 
and  Dixie  and  he  has  been  here  constantly  since  that 
date.  He  gave  his  attention  to  placer  works  until  1890 
and  since  that  time  he  has  worked  on  quartz.  He 
erected  the  first  arrastre  in  Dixie  and  he  now  owns  the 
McKinley  and  Roosevelt  claims,  which  are  promising 
well.  He  also  has  other  properties  and  is  one  of  the 
best  miners  of  the  section.  At  the  time  of  the  out- 
break in  1877,  he  was  in  Dixie  and  they  all  repaired 
to  Elk  City  and  there  erected  a  fort  which  they  guarded 
and  remained  in  until  the  war  ended.  Mr.  Dillinger  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  is  a  man  of  excellent 
standing  and  enjoys  the  esteem  and  good  will  of  all. 


HON.  JAMES  F.  AILSHIE.  True  merit  wins 
the  race.  It  is  pleasant  to  trace  the  successful  career 
of  a  man  of  ability  and  sagacity  and  we  greet  with  zest 
the  opportunity  to  recount  the  salient  points  in  the  life 
of  the  well  known  and  highly  respected  gentleman, 
whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph. 

James  F.  Ailshie  was  born  in  Greene  county.  Ten- 
nessee, on  June  19,  1868,  the  son  of  George  W.  and  . 
Martha  (Knight)  Ailshie.  The  father,  a  farmer,  was 
born  in  Kentucky.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee, his  mother  being  descended  from  Pennsylvania 
Dutch  and  his  grandfather  from  Scotch  extraction. 
George  W.  Ailshie.  who  was  in  the  Fourth  Tennessee 
Infantry,  received  a  wound  in  the  shoulder  and  had 
one  finger  shot  off.  He  was  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg 
and  saw  much  hard  service.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Tennessee  and  died  on  October  11;  1901.  Her  an- 
cestors were  natives  of  the  same  state  for  some  gener- 
ations back.  Her  father  served  in  the  Civil  war  and 
fell  a  victim  to  disease  contracted  in  that  service.  Her 
mother  still  lives.  Our  subject  grew  up  in  his  native 
state  and  after  the  common  school  training,  took  a  full 
course  in  the  Carson  &  Newman  College,  coming  west 
in  1887,  he  took  the  degree  of  Ph.  B.  Then  Mr.  Ail- 
shie entered  the  law  school  of  the  Willamette  uni- 
versity and  completed  that  course.  In  1891  he  opened 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


an  office  in  Pendleton  immediately  upon  taking  his  de- 
gree. Shortly  afterward,  Mr.  Ailshie  seeing  the  ad- 
vantages of  Grangeville,  came  hither  and  openeed  an 
office.  This  has  been  his  residence  since,  where  he 
at  once  took  his  proper  position  as  a  leading  member 
of  society  and  a  prominent  man  in  the  business  realm. 
He  was  appointed  regent  of  the  state  university  when 
the  buildings  were  being  erected  and  proved  himself 
invaluable  to  the  interests  of  that  institution.  Mr. 
Ailshie  has  always  been  the  head  of  the  minority  party, 
the  Republican,  in  his  county  and  has  always  been  in 
attendance  on  the  conventions.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  National  Republican  convention  in  Philadelphia  in 
1900  and  participated  in  the  nomination  of  McKinley 
and  Roosevelt.  In  1902  the  party  placed  his  name  in 
nomination  for  the  supreme  bench  of  the  state  and  a 
handsome  majority  in  his  favor  testified  the  people's 
pleasure  at  the  polls.  Judge  Ailshie  has  taken  his  po-, 
sition  with  a  preparation  and  dignity  that  becomes  a 
man  of  deep  erudition,  manifest  talent  and  complete 
fitness  for  the  responsibilities  of  this  most  important 
office  of  the  state.  He  still  retains  his  home  and  in- 
terests in  Grangeville  and  in  addition  to  his  town  prop- 
erty he  has  various  farm  interests. 

"In  1894  occurred  the  marriage  of  Judge  Ailshie  and 
Miss  Lucie,  daughter  of  Rev.  J.  B.  and  Angeline  Bund- 
ren.  The  parents  are  of  French  extraction  and  the 
father  is  a  noted  preacher  of  the  Baptist  denomination, 
in  Tennessee.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Spokane  and 
Mrs.  Ailshie  was  born  in  Dandridge,  Jefferson  county, 
Tennessee,  in  1868  and  was  well  educated  in  the 
Newman  seminary  at  Mosey  creek.  She  has  one 
brother  and  two  sisters:  William,  Vallie,  Virginia. 
Judge  Ailshie  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Stephen  A.,  Andrew,  Ernest,  Alice  Haun,  Ar.nie  Haun, 
Lilly  Bible,  Laura.  Jessie.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  this  union :  Lucile  and  Jammie  F.  The  Judge 
affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  has  been  through  all  the 
chairs  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  grand  lodge.  He 
also  beongs  to  the  W.  W.  and  he  and  his  wif-;  are 
adherents  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  Judge  Ailshie 
is  also  president  of  the  Grangeville  Electric  Company. 


JOHN  C.  YOUNG,  the  well  known  dairyman  and 
farmer  of  Elk  City,  is  a  man  of  good  standing  and_ 
has  long  and  active  experience  in  various  sections  of 
our  frontiers.  He  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  In- 
diana, on  September  22,  1830,  the  son  of  Joseph  and 
Barbara  (Whisenand)  Young.  The  father  was  born 
in  Virginia  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Indiana 
in  1820,  and  in  1844  he  passed  the  river  of  death. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1800  and 
died  in  Illinois  in  1896.  Our  subject  was  reared 
and  educated  in  Indiana  and  on  March  28,  1852,  he 
set  out  across  the  plains  for  the  land  of  the  setting 
sun.  He  made  a  successful  journey,  and  soon  we 
see  the  sturdy  pioneer  lad  in  the  placer  fields  of  Plumas 
county,  California,  searching  for  hidden  wealth.  He 
wended  his  way  to  different  camps  in  that  state  until 
1864,  and  then  turned  towards  the  north.  He  was  in 


southern  Idaho,  Virginia  City,  Montana,  in  Owyhee 
country,  Oregon,  on  Wildhorse,  in  British  Columbia. 
thence  to  Lewiston,  and  later  he  was  digging  gold  on 
the  Salmon.  He  was  in  Florence  and  adjacent  camps, 
in  Leesburg,  Lemhi  county,  and  in  1872  he  came  to 
Elk  City  and  took  up  a  farm.  Since  then  Mr.  Young 
has  devoted  himself  to  dairying  and  general  farming 
and  now  has  a  good  plat  of  land,  several  buildings 
in  Elk  City,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  citizens  of 
the  section.  He  has  one  sister,  Martha  Straighter,  and 
one  brother,  Joshua. 

In  Elk  City  in  October,  1876,  Mr.  Young  married 
Eliza  E.  Marston,  who  was  born  in  England  in  1823. 
She  was  left  an  orphan  at  an  early  day  and  for  some 
time  was  in  the  family  of  Lord  Byron.  She  has  spent 
most  of  her  life  on  the  frontier,  and  since  1862  Elk 
City  has  been  her  home.  Mr.  Young  is  a  solid  Demo- 
crat and  is  a  man  of  influence  and  worth  of  char- 


CYRUS  OVERMAN,  whose  magnificent  domain 
in  Idaho  county  proclaims  him  a  man  of  fine  business 
ability,  is  now  dwelling  at  his  family  residence  in  the 
vicinity  of  Tolo.  He  is  rightly  classed  with  the  pio- 
neers of  the  county,  and  is  to  be  congratulated  on  the 
successful  and  happy  results  of  his  labor  both  in  per- 
sonal acquisition  and  in  the  development  of  the  re- 
sources of  the  county  and  its  upbuilding. 

Cyrus  Overman  was  born  in  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  on 
April' 2,  1851,  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Hoddy) 
Overman.  The  father  was  born  in  Indiana  on  Sep- 
tember 17,  1816,  and  still  lives  in  Ottumwa.  He  came 
west  to  Nevada  in  1859  and  took  up  mining.  He 
located  the  Overman  mine  on  Gold  Hill  near  Virginia 
City,  which  is  one  of  the  leading  mines  there.  He 
was  married  at  Ottumwa,  and  after  five  years  returned 
to  Iowa,  where  he  has  remained  since.  The  mother 
died  when  our  subject  was  four  years  old.  Cyrus 
grew  to  manhood  and  was  educated  in  Iowa.  In  1871 
he  came  west  and  landed  the  third  day  of  September 
on  a  portion  of  his  present  estate  and  here  he  has 
remained  since  that  time  devoting  a  naturally  sagacious 
mind  and  energetic  body  to  the  acquisition  of  a  beau- 
tiful and  valuable  estate,  which  is  now  nearly  fourteen 
hundred  acres.  It  is  divided  into  two  excellent  farms, 
and  each  is  well  provided  with  proper  buildings  and 
handled  in  a  commendable  manner. 

In  this  county  in  the  year  1874  Air.  Overman  mar- 
ried Miss  Melinda  A.,  daughter  of  A.  I.  and  Maria 
(Shaul)  Watson.  The  father  was  a  native  of  In- 
diana and  came  to  California  in  1859  and  in  1861  he 
was  in  Florence.  The  following  year  he  was  on  the 
prairie  and  took  as  a  homestead  the  land  now  used 
as  the  experiment  station.  This  he  sold  in  1871.  He 
was  an  active  participant  in  the  Indian  war  and  is 
still  living  in  the  county,  retired  from  active  business. 
Mrs.  Watson  also  dwells  here.  Mrs.  Overman  was 
born  in  Indiana  in  1854,  came  west  in  1871  with  her 
mother  and  Mr.  Overman,  whom  she  married  after- 
wards. She  has  no  brothers  and  sisters.  Mr.  Over- 
man has  one  half-brother,  J.  M.  Overman.  Seven 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


children  have  been  born  to  this  union :  John  I.,  present 
auditor  and  recorder  of  the  county ;  Owen  H.,  Arthur 
V.,-  Reuben  W.,  attending  the  university,  and  a  leading 
debater  there;  Alva,  Cyrus,  Jr.,  Susan  M.  Mr.  Over- 
man is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  the  W. 
O.  W.  In  1895  Mr.  Overman  was  elected  sheriff  on 
the  Democratic' ticket.  He  was  president  of  the  Co- 
lumbia River  Conference  Academy  for  four  years. 
He  has  also  been  on  the  school  board  for  twenty  years. 
He  was  present  during  the  Indian  war  and  the  savages 
were  camped  on  his  ranch  at  the  head  of  the  Rocky 
•Canyon,  where  they  had  all  their  councils  and  dances. 
He 'took  his  wife  and  child  to  Mr.  Aram's  place,  and  on 
the  night  of  the  thirteenth  came  in  himself  to  warn  the 
settlers  that  the  Indians  were  on  the  war  path  and  he 
then  joined  the  volunteers  and  took  an  active  part  in 
.the  suppression  of  hostilities. 


HON.  JACOB  L.  ECKERT  has  never  been  what 
is  termed  a  politician,  but  the  people  of  Idaho  county 
determined  that  they  wished  to  be  represented  in  the 
state  senate  by  a  solid  and  successful  business  man, 
and  so  in  the  fall  of  1902  they  place/1  Mr.  Eckert's 
name  in  nomination  on  the  Republican  ticket  for  this 
position  and  although  the  county  went  Democratic  on 
this  occasion,  Mr.  Eckert  was  elected  by  a  good  ma- 
jority, thus  demonstrating  his  popularity  and  paying  a 
tribute  to  his  worth  in  a  very  emphatic  manner. 

Mr.  Eckert  is  one  of  the  heaviest  property  owners 
in  the  county,  having  over  eleven  hundred  acres  of 
fine  land  under  cultivation  just  north  from  Cotton- 
wood,  where  he  carries  on  diversified  farming  and 
stock  raising.  The  estate  is  improved  in  a  very  skill- 
ful manner,  having  plenty  of  commodious  buildings. 
Mr.  Eckert  was  one  of  the  first  to  place  a  windmill 
on  Camas  prairie.  In  addition  to  this  magnificent 
holding,  Mr.  Eckert  has  a  ten  room  residence  on  Nor- 
mal hill  in  Lewiston,  fitted  with  all  modern  conven- 
iences, which  is  the  family  home  during  the  school 
season.  Mr.  Eckert  and  his  wife  also  own  about  one 
thousand  acres  of  valuable  land  in  Kansas,  in  addition 
to  other  property  in  various  places. 

Jacob  L.  Eckert  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Lan- 
caster, Ohio,  on  December  \J,  1845,  being  the  son  of 
Henry  S.  and  Ann  M.  Eckert,  both  natives  of  the 
same  place.  Jacob  grew  to  manhood  on  a  farm  and 
received  his  education.  In  1868  he  came  on  the  first 
excursion  train  over  the  Kansas  Pacific  railroad  to  the 
terminus,  Sheridan.  He  had  much  experience  on  the 
frontier,  in  his  cowboy  days;  later  he  hunted  buffalo 
and  many  of  the  noble'amnials,  as  well  as  deer  and  an- 
telope, fell  before  his  trusty  rifle.  Many  times,  Mr. 
Eckert  says  the  buffalo  mixed  with  their  herds  and 
caused  considerable  trouble.  On  January  I,  1871, 
Mr.  Eckert  went  to  the  Little  Arkansas  river  and  en- 
gaged himself  with  the  stockmen,  being  installed  after 
one  year's  work  as  foreman  of  the  Twenty-one  ranch. 
Five  years  were  spent  in  this  occupation.  Then  Mr. 
Eckert  went  to  Wilson,  Kansas,  where  he  did  a  pork- 
packing  and  butcher  business  in  company  with  O.  B. 


Goffe.  In  1881  he  came,  via  San  Francisco,  to  The 
Dalles,  bought  a  band  of  cattle  and  drove  them  to 
Cheyenne,  taking  five  months 'on  the  road.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1882,  he  came  to  Kelton,  by  rail,  and  thence 
on  the  stage  to  Walla  Walla,  having  a  very  rough  trip. 
Thence  he  made  his  way  to  Lewiston  and  went  to  rais- 
ing stock  and  has  been  there  and  on  Camas  prair 
continuously  since.  Mr.  'Eckert  has  manifested  rare 
wisdom  and  skill  in  manipulating  his  mammoth  in- 
terests and  his  unbounded  success  has  been  but  the 
sure  result  of  such  talent  and  activity.  He  has  intrc 
duced  excellent  Galloway  and  Shorthorn  cattle,  and  i 
fact  was  the  pioneer  in  that  line,  the  county  being 
greatly  indebted  to  him  for  this  excellent  labor.  While 
the  estate  produces  much  grain,  Mr.  Eckert  is  of  the 
opinion  that  it  pays  better  to  keep  stock  to  consume 
rather  than  sell  the  grain,  which  he  accordingly  does. 
In  mentioning  the  improvements  of  his  fine  estate,  we 
should  not  fail  to  mention  the  commodious  dwelling 
of  eleven  rooms  and  the  excellent  system  of  water 
works  which  he  has  put  into  use,  and  which  supply 
both  the  house  and  the  barns.  In  fact,  his  farm  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  state  and  it  reflects  great  crec 
on  the  owner.  Mr.  Eckert  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  at  Cottonwood.  In  political  matters  he  has  al- 
ways been  informed  so  as  to  decide  the  questions  of 
the  day  with  keen  intelligence,  but  the  demagogue's 
methods  are  entirely  unknown  to  him  and  the  people 
of  Idaho  county  are  to  be  congratulated  in  securing 
the  services  of  a  straight-forward  and  substantial  busi- 
ness man  whose  integrity  and  capabilities  are  beyond 
question. 

On  December  12,  1882,  Mr.  Eckert  married  Miss 
Sarah  M.,  daughter  of  Frederick  Shaeffer,  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania  and  one  of  the  first  to  settle  in  Lan- 
caster, Ohio,  and  take  up  his  business.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  this  happy  union,  Helen  M.,  Nell 
L.,  and  Goffe  C. 

Mr.  Eckert  and  his  cultured  wife,  who  presides 
with  gracious  dignity  over  their  elegant  home  in  Lew- 
iston, are  among  the  leaders  in  that  wealthy  city  and 
hosts  of  admiring  friends  are  on  every  hand.  Mr. 
Eckert  has  always  been  an  active  and  aggressive  m 
on  the  frontier  and  it  is  greatly  to  his  credit  to  say 
that  he  has  kept  aloof  from  all  .the  vices  of  the  rough 
oioneer,  although  he  has  ever  been  in  the  lead  for  ad- 
\ancement  and  upbuilding,  while  his  reputation  is 
unsullied  and  his  standing  is  of  the  very  best. 


AMOS  CARVER  hails  from  the  old  Pine  Tree 
state,  where  he  was  born  on  August  3,  1838,  the  son  of 
Blaney  and  Sarah  (Staples)  Carver.  The  father  w 
a  farmer,  born  in  1796,  and  died  in  1880.  The  pro- 
genitors of  the  family  came  to  the  colonies  over  tw 
hundred  years  ago.  'The  mother  of  our  subject  wa 
born  in  Massachusetts  in  1800  and  died  in  1844.  She 

Our  subject  attended  school  until  he  was  twelve  ye« 
old  and  then  followed  the  instincts  of  his  juvenile  mind 
to  try  the  world  for  himself.    He  went  to  sea  for  four. 


HON.   JACOB    L.    ECKERT. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


(years  and  visited  Cuba,  and  many  other  places,  includ- 
ing Honolulu,  where  he  ate  in  the  king's  palace.  He 
finally  came  to  California  in  1857  and  mined  at  Eldo- 
rado." In  1862  he  came  to  Idaho  and  mined  in  the 
various  camps  for  two  years.  He  was  personally  ac- 
quainted with  the  discoverer  of  the  Warren  diggings, 
and  for  fifteen  years  he  mined  in  that  camp.  The  best 
ground  was  uncovered  in  1864,  six  miles  from  the 
original  discovery,  and  was  located  by  James  Warren 
and  Rube  Bassey.  The  camp  progressed  until  1870 
and  then  began  to  retrograde.  About  1868  our  sub- 
ject was  working  gravel  that  paid  two  dollars  per 
minute  per  man.  In  1877  Mr.  Carver's  partner,  Will- 
iam Osborn,  was  killed  by  the  Indians  while  he  was 

during  the  excitement,  forted  in  the  fortification  of 
that  place;  then  he  came  to  the  Salmon  river  claim, 
and  later  bought  Dick  Divine's  place,  where  he  raised 
stock  and  mined  until  recently,  when  he  has  given 
his  entire  attention  to  stock  raising.  Mr.  Carver  has 
one  sister,  Mary  J.  Allen.  He  is  a  strong  Republican 
and  voted  for  Lincoln  when  it  cost  him  a  great  deal  to 
do  so. 

Mr.  Carver  said  that  in  1864  while  he  and  Tom  But- 
ler were  mining  on  Rabbit  creek  a  bear  stole  meat 
from  their  keg.  They  hid  that  and  the  bear  came  and 
carried  off  the  camp  kettle  while  it  was  hot.  Later  he 
came  and  stole  the  gold  pan  off  the  keg  of  meat  in  the 
tent.  They  barricaded  with  brush.  The  next  time 
the  bear  came  right  through  the  brush  and  was  making 
off  with  his  booty  when  Butler  shot  him.  The  report 
of  the  gun  awoke  Mr.  Carver  just  in  time  to  realize 
that  a  dead  bear  was  lying  across  him ;  he  awoke 
an'd  began  to  yell  and  scramble  out  of  his  trap.  Butler 

it  to  be  another  bear,  called  Butler,  telling  him  that  the 
tent  and  woods  were  full  of  bears.  Neither  one  knew 
the  bear  was  dead  that  was  in  the  tent,  and  so  to 
make  sure  they  carefully  lighted  a  candle  and  held  it 
inside  until  they  could  put  another  bullet  in  bruin's 
brain.  In  his  anxiety  to  hold  the  light  so  that  it 
would  shine  on  the  bear  Mr.  Carver  had  gotten  too 
close  to  the  muzzle  of  the  gun  and  was  severely  burned. 
He  supposed  he  had  been  shot  and  more  yells  followed. 
The  camp  finally  induced  him  to  keep  quiet.  As  no 
other  bears  in  the  woods  were  on  to  the  ropes  like  the 
dead  one  Carver  and  his  partner  were  not  bothered 


JOHN  I.  OVERMAN  is  a  product  of  Idaho  county 
and  a  son  of  enterprise  who  has  done  credit  to  his 
birth  place  and  one  in  whom  the  county  may  take  real 
pride.  He  has  shown  his  ability  and  substantiality 
in  his  career  thus  far  and  is  destined  to  come  to  the 
head  of  important  measures  and  may  reasonably  be 
expected  to  make  a  name  for  himself  in  circles  far  in 
advance  of  clerical. 

John  I.  Overman  was  born  in  Idaho  county  on 
May  10,  1876,  the  son  of  Cyrus  and  Alice  M.  (Wat- 
son) Overman,  who  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
work.  His  birth  occurring  one  year  prior  to  the  im- 


portant event  of  the  Indian  outbreak,  he  is  unable  to 
relate  any  incidents  from  personal  memory.  He  grew 
up  in  the  county,  attended  the  common  schools,  took 
a  course  in  the  academy  in  Grangeville,  then  studied 
in  the  university  in  Moscow,  and  finally  completed 
his  training  in  the  Blair  Business  College  in  Spokane. 
At  the  close  of  this  study  he  went  into  the  Fall  creek 
mines  for  a  year  in  1899,  and  the  following  year  his 
name  appeared  on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  assessor 
of  the  county,  and  the  voters  of  the  county  liberally 
confirmed  the  judgment  of  the  convention  and  he 
served  for  two  years  with  acceptability  in  this  ca- 
pacity. Last  fall  Mr.  Overman  was  nominated  for 
clerk  of  the  district  court  and  ex  o/ficio  auditor  and 

responsibility  of  these  offices,  and  in  the  efficient  and 
faithful  discharge  of  the  duites  there  incumbent  on 
him  we  find  him  at  this  time.  He  is  noble  grand  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  Mr.  Over- 
man always  attends  the  caucuses  and  conventions  and 
is  a  potent  factor  in  the  same.  He  owns  town  property 
and  stock  and  is  one  of  the  bright  and  substantial  young 
men  of  the  county  who  has  the  good  will  of  all  and 
richly  deserves  the  esteem  and  confidence  with  which 
he  is'favored. 


CHARLES  E.  HOLT.  The  subject  of  this  brief 
review  is  one  of  the  most  successful  business  men  and 
highly  respected  citizens  in  Idaho  county.  He  has 
won  his  way  to  his  present  high  position  through  sheer 
pluck  and  energy,  and  as  a  result  is  today  a  partner 
in  the  largest  cattle  raising  firm  on  the  Salmon 
river,  Holt  &  Rhoades,  and  holds  a  place  of  affluence 
in  his  county.  At  his  fine  estate  of  three  hundred  and 
twenty  acres  on  Race  creek,  half  a  mile  west  of  Goff, 
he  is  'building  the  best  residence  on  the  Salmon,  and 
besides  building  up  a  valuable  property  in  both  real 
estate  and  stock,  he  is  enjoying  all  the  comforts  of  a 
pleasant,  congenial  home.  He  is  a  son  of  James  and  Sa- 
rah (Pilkinton)  Holt,  natives  of  England  .and  was 
born  at  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  in  1855.  His 
father  died  in  1854.  Charles  grew  to  manhood  in 
Utah  and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  the  Deseret  University  and  Morgan  Busi- 
ness College.  When  twenty  years  of  age  he  took 
up  the  struggle  in  the  outside  world,  going  first  to 
Wyoming,  and  in  1877  to  Butte,  Montana.  Thence 
he'  came  to  Idaho,  to  Ross  Fork,  where  he  was 
clerk  at  the  Indian  agency  for  two  years.  This 
was  on  the  Fort  Hall  reservation  in  southern  Idaho, 
lie  then  formed  a  partnership  with  W.  N.  Shilling 
and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Ross  Fork, 
where  he  remained  three  and  a  half  years,  finally 
selling  out  and  coming  to  Cottonwood,  Idaho  county, 
in  December,  1884.  Here  he  engaged  in  the  stock 
business  with  his  brother  James,  who  died  a  year  later. 
The  business  was  continued  by  Charles  until  1890, 
when  Joseph  Ingram  became  associated  with  him.  Mr. 
Holt  went  to  Nevada,  leaving  Mr.  Ingram  in  charge 
of  the  ranch  at  Cottonwood.  This  partnership  was 
brought  to  a  sad  end  in  1893  by  the  death  of  Mr. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Ingram  in  a  train  wreck,  after  which  Mr.  Holt  re- 
turned and  took  up  the  management.  In  1897  he  again 
formed  a  partnership,  this  time  with  J.  O.  Rhoades. 
They  bought  their  present  property  on  the  Salmon, 
where  they  have  since  operated.  They  own  eight  hun- 
dred head  of  cattle,  and  last  season  fed  two  hundred 
and  fifty  tons  of  alfalfa,  a  new  departure  in  this  region, 
where  free  range  has  always  been  so  plentiful. 

In  1898  Mr.  Holt  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Rosa  A.,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  C.  Belknap, 
whose  father  was  a  Methodist  minister  in  California. 
Mrs.  Holt  was  born  in  Oregon  in  1862,  was  educated 
at  Los  Angeles,  California,  and  was  a  school  and  music 
teacher  for  many  years.  To  this  union  have  been  born 
two  children,  Cora  and  James  F.,  the  former  of  whom 
will  be  sent  to  school  at  Salt  Lake  City.  Mr.  Holt 
has  six  brothers  and  sisters,  William,  John  Cook,  a 
half-brother,  Wadington,  Eliza  Wade,  Eveline  Pratt 
and  Clara  Perks.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
and  of  the  W.  of  W.  In  politics  he  has  always  been 
very  active  and  very  potent,  identifying  himself  with 
the  Republican  party.  In  1896  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  on  the  Silver-Republican  ticket,  and  last 
year  was  a  candidate  for  commissioner,  a  position  he 
missed  by  the  narrow  margin  of  forty  votes.  Mr. 
Holt  is  justly  entitled  to  representation  in  this  com- 
pilation, as  few  have  been  more  active  and  successful 
in  this  life  than  he. 


RICHARD  L.  IRWIN,  of  the  firm  of  Irwin  & 
Pipes,  sawmill  men  on  Race  creek,  is  an  enterprising 
and  successful  business  man  who,  in  addition  to  his 
sawmilling,  does  general  farming  and  stock-raising. 
He  was  born  in  Nebraska  on  August  i,  1866,  his 
parents  being  Isaac  and  Mary  (Riggles)  Irwin.  The 
father  was  a  sawmill  man,  born  in  Kentucky  in  1829. 
He  was  a  pioneer  in  Nebraska,  Kansas  and  Montana. 
Later  he  came  to  Idaho  and  represented  Washington 
county  in  the  first  state  legislature.  He  filled  the  office  of 
sheriff  in  Kansas  and  held  many  other  responsible 
positions.  He  is  a  strong  Democrat.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Indiana  in  1839  and  is  still  livng  in  Jackson 
county,  Oregon.  They  removed  to  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  from  San  Francisco  to  Walla  Walla  when  our 
subject  was  five  years  old,  thence  to  southern  Oregon, 
later  to  Boise  and  finally  to  Washington  county.  Rich- 
ard L.  was  educated  in  these  various  places  but  when 
he  arrived  at  man's  estate  he  went  into  the  mines  on 
Wood  river.  Next  he  sought  treasure  in  the  Warren 
camp,  and  should  have  the  credit  of  locating  the  first 
claim  on  Rapid  river.  Later  he  mined  on  the  Salmon 
and  after  a  visit  to  Oregon  took  up  his  present  place. 
He  has  a  quarter  section  of  land  and  the  firm  owns  a 
mill  that  cuts  eight  thousand  feet  a  day. 

On  February  22,  1897,  Mr.  Irwin  married  Miss 
Leona,  daughter  of  Jesse  and  Julia  (Triplett)  Pipes, 
natives  of  North  Carolina.  Mr.  Pipes  was  drafted  into 
the  Confederate  army  contrary  to  his  desire,  but  soon 
succeeded  in  getting  into  the  ranks  where  he  could 
fight  for  the  Stars  and  Stripes.  Mrs.  Irwin  was  born 


in  North  Carolina,  October  i,  1877.  She  has  one 
brother,  Ollie,  and  one  sister,  Martha  Hawkins.  Mr. 
Irwin  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Rebecca 
Clay,  Etta  Phillips,  John,  William,  David  T.,  Byron, 
Emma  Wisdom,  George,  Noah,  Isaac.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Irwin  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church.  He  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace  several  times  and  is  so  dom- 
inated by  sound  principles-  and  uprightness  that  he  has 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  all. 


HARRY  D.  POYNEER  was  born  in  Marshall 
county,  Iowa,  on  December  23,  1867,  the  son  of  David 
H.  and  Margaret  (Rice)  Poyneer.  The  father  is  a 
physician,  living  in  Pomeroy,  Washington.  The  mother 
was  born  in  1842  and  is  still  living.  Our  subject  was 
reared  and  educated  in  Indiana,  whither  the  family 
removed  when  he  was  three  years  of  age.  He  re- 
mained under  the  parental  roof  until  nineteen,  then 
stepped  forth  to  do  for  himself  in  the  battle  of  life. 
In  1886  he  came  to  Pierce  and  Elk  City  and  prospected, 
where  it  was  his  good  fortune  to  discover  the  Badger 
group  and  also  other  good  properties.  He  prospected 
for  some  time,  and  in  1899  bought  out  the  Elk  Club 
from  Jake  Anderson.  To  the  operating  of  this  estab- 
lishment, since  that  time,  Mr.  Poyneer  has  devoted 
his  energies.  He  has  one  sister,  Myrtle,  in  Pomeroy, 
Washington. 

On  July  15,  1899,  Mr.  Poyneer  was  united  in  the 
holy  bands  of  matrimony  with  Bertha  Stolsz,  a  native 
of  Kansas.  Mr.  Poyneer  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P., 
Garfield  Lodge,  No.  25,  in  Pomeroy.  He  is  an  active 
Democrat  and  always  manifests  a  keen  interest  in  the 
campaigns. 


HERSHEL  H.  CLAY,  who  lives  three  miles  up 
the  north  fork  of  Race  creek  from  Goff,  does  general 
farming,  raises  stock  and  freights.  He  is  a  good  sub- 
stantial citizen  and  has  the  respect  of  all  his  fellows. 
He  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Ohio,  on  October 
8,  1853,  the  son  of  Nicholas  and  Lydia  (Richards) 
Clay,  natives  of  Ohio,  and  born  January  I,  1825.  and 
1828,  respectively.  The  mother  died  in  1872  and  the 
father  in  1900.  The  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil 
war,  enlisting  April  i,  1861,  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  three  years.  He  fought 
under  General  Grant  at  Vicksburg  and  on  many  other 
hotly  contested  occasions.  The  paternal  grandfather 
of  our  subject  was  in  the  Revolution.  Our  subject  was 
educated  and  grew  to  manhood  in  Montgomery  county, 
Kansas.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  commenced  life  for 
himself,  but  remained  in  Kansas  until  1873  and  then 
removed  to  Fremont  county,  Iowa.  The  next  year 
finds  him  in  Walla  Walla  freighting  and  in  1876  he 
rent  to  Rogue  River  valley.  Oregon,  and  did  placer 
mining.  In  1881  he  was  back  in  Walla  Walla,  and  in 
1882  he  was  in  the  Wood  river  excitement.  Four 

•s  later  he  settled  on  the  Salmon  meadows  in  Wash- 
u  on  county.  Idaho,  where  he  raised  stock  and  did 
dairying.  A  quadrennium  sufficed  for  that  business 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  we  next  find  him  digging  gold  on  Short's  bar  on  the 
Salmon.  In  1900  he  bought  his  present  place  of  John 
Knox  and  has  devoted  himself  as  stated  above. 

On  November  14,  1872,  in  Kansas,  Mr.  Clay  mar- 
ried Miss  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Mary  (Rig- 
gles)  Irwin,  who  are  mentioned  in  another  portion  of 
this  work.  Mrs.  Clay  was  born  at  Greencastle,  In- 
diana, on  March  8,  18*53 :  her  brothers  and  sisters  are 
mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this  book.  Mr.  Clay 
has  one  sister  and  three  brothers:  Frances  Veters, 
Ezra,  John,  Daniel.  Five  children  have  been  born  to 
bless  this  household:  Maggie  Rhoades,  Harry,  Carrie 
B.,  Emma,  Loren.  The  first  lives  at  Pollock,  Idaho, 
and  the  others  are  at  home.  Mrs.  Clay  is  a  devout 
member  of  the  Baptist  church.  Mr.  Clay  is  a  strong 
Republican  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  the  county.  He  has  his  farm  well  improved,  and 
last  year  from  ten  acres  of  land  he  raised  sixty  tons 
of  alfalfa,  which  he  sold  at  ten  dollars  per  ton. 


MARCUS  E.  GAGE  is  a  very  prosperous  and 
successful  sheep  raiser  living  two  miles  west  of  Rig- 
gins,  where  he  owns  a  quarter  section  of  fine  land  but 
controls  many  more  acres.  He  has  some  of  the  finest 
alfalfa  fields  in  the  country,  as  well  as  excellent  or- 
chards, and  is  situated  in  one  of  the  best  sheep  coun- 
tries in  the  northwest. 

Marcus  E.  Gage  was  born  in  Polk  county,  Oregon, 
on  February  23,  1856,  the  son  of  William  and  Louise 
(Gilliam)  Gage,  born  in  Missouri  in  1826  and  1828, 
and  died  in  1891  and  1875,  respectively.  They  came 
to  Oregon  in  1844  with  old  Colonel  Gilliam,  after  whom 
Gilliam  county  is  named.  Colonel  Gilliam  was  killed 
at  the  time  of  the  Whitman  massacre  by  the  accidental 
discharge  of  a  firearm.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  of  Polk  county,  Oregon,  and 
assisted  his  father  until  twenty  years  'of  age,  learning 
thoroughly  the  stock  business.  Then  he  went  to  do  for 
himself  in  Douglas  county,  later  removed  to  Pendle- 
ton,  and  in  1878  went  to  Walla  Walla,  whence  he 
journeyed  to  the  Palouse  country  and  took  land.  Three 
years  later  he  was  in  Crook  county,  Oregon,  then  in 
Grant  county  for  six  years  in  the  sheep  business.  After 
this  he  raised  cattle  in  Long  valley,  Idaho,  but  met 
with  reverses,  losing  heavily  in  the  cold  winters.  He 
removed  to  Indian  valley,  and  two  years  later  came 
to  Idaho  county,  settling  on  Squaw  creek,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Little  Salmon.  He  took  up  cattle  raising 
again  but  sold  that  stock  and  went  to  raising  sheep,  in 
which  industry  he  has  continued  since. 

In  Grant  county,  in  the  year  1883,  Mr.  Gage  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Josephine  Reeves,  ihe  daughter  of  Ellery  A. 
and  Cynthia  (Sweet)  Aldrich.  Mrs.  Gage  was  born 
near  Oregon  City  in  1855.  One  child,  Pearl  E.,  is  the 
fruit  of  this  marriage.  Mrs.  Gage  also  has  children 
by  her  first  husband.  Mr.  Gage  is  a  strong  Republican 
of  protective  tariff  policy.  In  reference  to  the  section 
where  Mr.  Gage  lives  he  remarks  that  the  country  is 
especially  adapted  for  sheep,  raises  the  best  of  alfalfa 
and  produces  fruit  finely. 


ALEXANDER  A.  WEBER.  This  leading  archi- 
tect and  builder  of  Idaho  county  is  a  man  of  skill  and 
a  thorough  master  of  his  business,  as  the  following 
outline  of  his  life  will  show.  He  was  born  in  Switzer- 
land in  1868,  the  son  of  Rudolf  and  Anna  (Probst) 
Weber,  born  in  Switzerland  in  1817  and  1847,  re- 
spectively. The  father  died  in  1891  but  the  mother  is 
still  living  in  Bern,  Switzerland.  The  father  was  a 
civil  engineer  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolution 
and  was  exiled  in  1847  but  was  allowed  to  come  back 
in  1857.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native 
land  and  was  well  educated  in  the  schools  of  the  place. 
He  received  a  technical  education  in  architecture  in 
Germany  and  became  master  of  the  science.  In  1890 
he  was  led  by  the  great  opportunities  and  advantages 
in  this  land  for  an  energetic  man  to  come  to  the  United 
States,  and  he  at  once  associated  himself  with  such 
leading  architects  as  Hons  Haimer  and  H.  H.  Schickil, 
the  former  being  the  man  who  constructed  the  capitol 
at  Madison.  In  1891  Mr.  Weber  came  to  Portland  and 
for  seven  years  that  city  was  his  headquarters.  He 
was  in  the  construction  department  of  the  O.  R.  &  N. 
railroad  and  put  up  some  of  the  steel  bridges  on  their 
lines  in  Washington.  In  1898  he  went  to  Spokane 
and  took  a  position  with  the  N.  P.  It  was  1900  when 
he  came  to  Grangeville  and  opened  a  shop,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  identified  with  the  town  and  its 
interest,  making  himself  a  first  class  citzen  and  a  pro- 
moter of  the  welfare' of  the  country.  He  has  devoted 
himself  to  general  contracting  and  building  with  archi- 
tectural work  and  has  done  well.  Mr.  Weber  handled 
the  court  house,  making  all  the  plans  and  supervising 
the  work.  In  church  relations  our  subject  is  affiliated 
with  the  Catholics,  and  in  political  alliances  he  is  a 
Republican. 


CAPT.  JOHN  D.  WOODEN  is  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  mine  operators  in  Idaho  county.  His  home 
at  the  present  time  is  at  817  Fifth  avenue,  Spokane, 
Washington,  but  his  interests  in  mines  are  largely  in 
this  county.  He  was  born  in  Owen  county,  Indiana, 
on  March  4,  1842,  the  son  of  James  and  Susan  (Shive- 
ly)  Wooden.  The  father  was  born  in  Booneville,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1793.  His  father  fought  the  Indians  with 
Daniel  Boone.  James,  the  father  of  our  subject,  took 
part  in  the  war  of  1812.  Following  that  war  he  en- 
gaged as  pilot  on  the  Mississippi  until  1830.  In  1831 
he  took  land  in  Owen  county  and  in  1848  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  and  died  in  Polk  county  on  March 
14,  1872.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
1803  in  Cincinnati,  and  died  in  Indiana  on  May  6, 
1844.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Oregon, 
and  when  fourteen  he  went  to  mining.  He  learned  the 
carpenter  trade  about  this  time,  and  in  1858  and  '59 
fought  the  Piutes  under  Capt.  W.  W.  Kellogg  and 
Kit  Carson.  In  1861  he  was  one  of  a  party  to  explore 
northeastern  Nevada  and  Idaho,  and  in  1863  started 
east  to  enlist  for  his  country,  but  instead  joined  the 
Second  Regiment  of  Cavalry  in  California  to  repel  the 
Apaches,  Snakes  and  Piutes,  serving  until  1865.  Then 
he  went  to  the  Boise  basin,  returned  to  Polk  county. 


556 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Oregon,  and  in  1872  came  to  the  Salmon.  He  worked 
in  all  the  prominent  camps  here  and  in  December,  1876, 
hearing  a  rumor  of  an  Indian  outbreak  in  the  Black 
Hills,  South  Dakota,  he  joined  a  company  of  volunteers 
in  the  hills.  After  this  he  was  employed  by  Frazier 
&  Chalmers  to  superintend  ihe  construction  and 
afterward  to  run  the  Boyle  forty-stamp  mill.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  quartz  mill  business  in  the  Black  Hills 
for  eighteen  months.  Then  he  went  to  the  New  York 
market  and  sold  mines.  In  1880  he  came  to  the  North- 
west arid  operated  in  various  sections  of  the  United 
States  and  British  Columbia.  In  1883  he  went  into 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  later  took  land  in  the  Cali- 
spell  valley  and  in  1901  removed  to  his  present  resi- 
dence in  Spokane.  He  had  in  the  meantime  taken 
great  interest  in  the  mines  in  Idaho  county,  and  has 
extensive  interests  in  various  sections.  Mr.  Wooden 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Henry  S.,  Isa- 
bella Lawson,  deceased,  Mary  Stedwell,  deceased,  Rob- 
ert M.,  Anna  Woolf,  deceased. 

On  January  23,  1881,  Mr.  Wooden  married  Miss 
Addie,  daughter  of  Cornelius  and  Emma  (La  Tourette) 
Bergen,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Rathcirum.  Mrs. 
Wooden  was  born  July  30,  1844,  in  New  York.  Her 
father  was  born  in  New  York  in  1831,  a  descendant  of 
the  early  Dutch  settlers  of  Jersey  City.  He  was  an  in- 
ventor and  mechanic.  In  1881  he  went  to  Oregon  City. 
The  mother  was  born  in  New  York  on  February  6, 
1819.  Mrs.  Wooden  was  highly  educated  in  Elmira 
and  Cortland  Academy,  at  Homer,  New  York,  and 
is  a  lady  of  excellent  literary  attainments,  her  pro- 
ductions finding  their  way  into  the  leading  journals  of 
the  northwest.  She  is  of  Holland  Dutch  and  French 
Huguenot  descent. 


THOMAS  H.  CAROTHERS.  Four  miles  up 
the  Little  Salmon  from  Goff  is  the  home  place  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  who  devotes  his  energies  to 
raising  sheep.  He  was  born  in  Shelby  county,  Mis- 
souri, in  1849.  His  parents,  Armstrong  and  Eliza- 
beth H.  (Christian)  Carothers,  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  Kentucky,  respectively.  The  father  was 
born  in  1815  and  died  in  1860;  the  mother  was  born 
in  1838  and  died  in  1891.  Thomas  H.  was  brought 
up  and  educated  in  his  native  place.  He  was  still 
young  when  his  father  died  and  the  responsibilities  of 
life  thus  came  early  upon  his  shoulders.  He  continued 
to  assist  in  supporting  the  family  until  twenty  vears 
of  age  and  then  went  to  do  for  himself.  His  attention 
was  turned  to  farming,  after  which  he  settled  in  Shel- 
bina,  Missouri,  of  which  he  was  marshal  for  nine 
years.  In  1891  he  came  to  Idaho,  making  his  way  to 
the  Seven  Devils  for  the  purpose  of  locating  mines. 
Being  deterred  from  this  purpose,  he  went  to  Garden 
Valley  and  operated  a  threshing  outfit.  Sometime  .was 
spent  at  Boise;  then  he  came  to  the  meadow,  after 
which  he  took  land  on  the  Little  Salmon  above  Goff, 
sold  it  and  took  a  ranch  on  Race  creek.  This  in  turn 
was  sold  and  then  he  bought  his  present  farm  and 
engaged  in  wool  growing.  The  year  1896  marks  the 


date  of  this  venture  and  since  then  he  has  continued 
successfully  at  the  same  business.  He  owns 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  but  controls  much  more. 
Mr.  Carothers  has  done  some  fine  improving  since 
coming  here,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  a  bridge 
across  the  Little  Salmon  which  was  built  and  owned 
by  him. 

In  1868  occurred  the  marriage  of  Thomas  H. 
Carothers  and  Amanda  J.,  daughter  of  William  and 
Avarilla  Gear.  The  father  is  a  merchant,  farmer 
and  stockman.  Mrs.  Carothers  was  born  in  Grundy 
county,  Missouri,  1851.  She  has  three  brothers,  Rich- 
ard H.,  Benjamin  and  Milton.  Mr.  Carothers  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  William,  Margaret, 
Susan  and  Sarah.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to 
our  subject  and  his  esteemed  wife:  Nora,  deceased; 
Ollie  Irwin,  at  Clarkston,  Washington;  Willie  and 
Nellie,  deceased,  Charles  and  Ernest  in  Idaho  county ; 
and  Frank,  at  home.  Mr.  Carothers  is  a  good  Demo- 
crat and  active.  In  addition  to  his  landed  property 
he  has  seven  thousand,  three  hundred  sheep  and  in  the 
seven  years  in  which  he  has  handled  sheep  here  has 
fed  them  but  ten  days. 


GEORGE  F.  WASSEM.  Many  of  our  most  sub- 
stantial and  capable  citizens  come  to  us  from  the  land 
of  Germany.  Among  that  worthy  number  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  whose 
labors  and  integrity  have  demonstrated  him  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  his  section.  Mr.  Wassem  dwells  three 
miles  northwest  from  Denver,  where  he  owns  a  mam- 
moth estate  of  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  which 
his  skill,  industry  and  untiring  care  have  made  one 
of  the  fine  farms  of  the  state.  He  handles  about  one 
hundred  head  of  cattle,  raises  annually  as  many  hogs 
and  does  a  general  farming  business,  wherein  pros- 
perity has  been  constantly  attendant  upon  him. 

George  F.  Wassem  was  born  in  Hessen,  Darm- 
stadt, Germany,  on  December  i,  1836,  the  son  of  Lud- 
wig  and  Elizabeth  (Kulp)  Wassem.  The  father  was 
born  in  1800  and  remained  in  Germany  until  his  death 
on  December  25,  1854.  The  mother  was  born  in  - 
1797,  married  in  1830  and  died  in  February,  1879. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  place  and  re- 
ceived his  educational  training  there.  He  remained 
with  his  parents  after  school  days  until  July,  1864, 
when  he  came  to  the  United  S'tates.  Six  months 
were  spent  in  Illinois,  then  he  went  to  Wright 
county,  Iowa,  where  he  bought  a  hundred  ac- 
:es  of  land  for  eight  hundred  and  fifty  dol- 
lars. Twenty-five  years  were  spent  there  and 
in  the  winter  of  1889  he  sold  out,  came  to  Uniontown, 
Washington,  whence  he  went  to  his  present  place, 
tvhieh  he  secured  by  purchase.  Since  that  time,  Mr. 
Wassem  has  continued  steadily  in  the  pursuit  of  farm- 
ing and  raising  stock.  He  lias  one  brother  and  one 
sister,  Elizabeth  Nichte,  deceased,  John  E.,  deceased. 

On  November  4,  1870,  Mr.  Wassem  married  Miss 
Sophie,  daughter  of  Zad  and  Sophie  (Nicholaus) 
Ricklefs.  The  father  was  born  April  10,  1812,  and 


THOMAS  H.  CAROTHERS. 


MRS.  GEORGE  F.  WASSEM. 


GEORGE.  F.  WASSEM. 


JOHN  J.  PULSE. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


died  on  April  8,  1877.  His  native  place  was  Olden- 
berg,  where  he  was  a  merchant.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Oldenberg,  on  March  24,  1818,  and  died  in 
the  spring  of  1879.  Mrs.  Wassem  was  born  in  Olden- 
berg  on  July  6,  1845,  and  has  two  brothers  and  one 
sister,  Herman,  Theodore,  Hermina.  The  following 
children  have  come  to  bless  this  household:  Mary 
Thiessen,  born  December  24,  1872;  George  F.,  born 
May  ii,  1873:  Herman,  born  September  20,  1874; 
Elizabeth  Thiessen,  born  April  3,  1876;  Franz,  born 
January  i,  1878;  John,  born  March  12,  1881 ;  Kate, 
born  December  30,  1883;  Theodore,  born  December 
4.  1886.  Mr.  Wassem  and  his  wife  are'  active  and 
solid  Republicans  and  also  belong  to  the  Evangelical 
church. 


JOHN  J.  PULSE,  the  well  known  druggist  in 
Denver,  is  one  of  the  enterprising  men  of  Idaho  county 
and  has  done  a  large  amount  toward  the  upbuilding 
of  the  town  and  county.  He  is  a  man  of  fine  capa- 
bilities and  public  spirit  and  has  been  a  moving  spirit 
in  the  good  work  of  gaining  first-class  educatonal  fa- 
cilities as  well  as  for  general  progress.  He  was  born 
on  May  8,  1862,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam H.'  and  Maria  A.  (Bader)  Pulse.  The  father  was 
born  in  August,  1833,  in  Mecklenburg,  Germany.  He 
came  with  his  parents  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  has  been 
for  thirty  years  at  the  head  of  a  large  wholesale  millinery 
store  in  "that  place.  The  mother  was  born  in  Brooklyn, 
Ohio,  in  1833  and  died  on  May  8,  1862.  Our  sub- 
ject was  raised  in  his  native  place  and  after  finishing 
his  public  school  course,  he  entered  the  Cleveland 
school  of  pharmacy,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1884. 
He  also  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Powell  for  three 
vears  and  took  lectures  in  the  medical  college.  In 
1885,  after  an  extensive  trip  through  Arizona,  New 
Mexico,  California  and  Alaska  as  far  as  Juneau,  hav- 
ing intended  to  go  to  Circle  City,  he  retraced  his  steps 
to  Portland  and  clerked  in  a  drug  store  in  Oregon 
City  and  in  Portland.  Later  he  was  in  Colfax,  Wash- 
ington, and  in  1888  he  operated  a  drug  store  in  Ward- 
ner,  Wallace,  and  Burke,  taking  considerable  interest 
in  mining  properties.  In  1891  Mr.  Pulse  removed 
with  his  family  to  Denver  and  opened  a  drug  store 
where  he  has  continued  since.  He  has  a  thriving  pat- 
ronage, a  good  business  building  besides  residence  and 
other  property  in  the  town  and  also  some  valuable 
mining  interests  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country. 

On  August  22,  1889,  Mr.  Pulse  married  Miss  Ma- 
ria L.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Lucinda  Wilkinson. 
She  was  born  in  Oneida,  New  York,  on  March  5, 
1862,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  John, 
deceased;  Thomas,  Joseph,  Sarah  Edwards,  Hannah 
Bowley,  Ellen  King.  Mr.  Pulse  is  an  active  Demo- 
crat and  was  on  the  board  when  the  first  school  wa: 
opened  in  Denver.  This  was  in  1891  and  he  was  ; 
prime  mover  in  gaining  for  the  town  its  present  sub- 
stantial school  house.  Mrs.  Pulse  is  a  Republican  and 
well  posted  in  the  political  questions  of  the  day.  Mr. 
Pulse  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  the  W.  W. 
He  is  a  man  of  marked  capabilities  in  business  lines, 


ment  and  is  a  leading 


of  improvement  and 
:itizen  of  the  county. 


ELIJAH  ADSLEY,  of  the  firm  of  E.  Adsley  & 
Son.  general  merchants  and  hotel  keepers  at  Pollock, 
Idaho,  is  a  man  of  broad  experience,  first-class  execu- 
ive  ability  and  with  resources  both  financial  and  natural 
vhich  have  placed  him  in  a  leading  position  both  here 
md  in  other  localities  where  he  has  wrought.  .Mr. 
Adsley  has  also  the  distinction  of  being  a  staunch 
veteran  of  the  Civil  war.  Elijah  Adsley  was  born  in 
West  Kent,  England,  on  May  7,  1849,  tne  son  ot  Jonn 
and  Anna  (Boylan)  Adsley.  The  father  was  born  in 
West  Kent,  England,  in  1813,  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1853,  settling  in  Oakland  county,  Michigan. 
October  13,  1902,  he  was  called  away  by  death.  The 
mother  was  a  native  of  England  and  died  in  that  coun- 
try in  1851.  Our  subject  accompanied  his  father  to 
this  country  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  Michigan,  and  during  his  youthful  days  learned  the 
trade  of  brick  and  stone  mason.  On  February  7,  1864, 
en  but  fourteen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
iy  A,  Nineteenth  U.  S.  Regulars.  He  was  at  Chatta- 
nooga, at  the  battle  of  Janesboro,  and  also  served  clear 
through  the  reconstruction  period  until  February,  1867, 
when  he  was  honorably  discharged.  He  returned  to 
Michigan  and  then  until  he  was  twenty-six  he  traveled 
all  over  the  United  States.  After  this  he  did  contract 
work  in  Michigan,  Dakota,  Minnesota  and  Chicago. 
In  the  latter  place  he  built  the  Devoe  block,  four  stories 
and  basement,  with  all  modern  improvements,  in  six 
weeks'  time.  He  followed  the  grocry  and  butcher 
business  in  Chicago  for  a  time  and  then  went  to  Alich- 
igan,  returning  to  Chicago  in  1895  he  engaged  in 
the  same  business  until  1901.  In  that  year  he  came  to 
his  present  location,  founding  the  town  of  Pollock. 
The  postoffice  had  previously  been  at  Tom  Pollock's 
ranch  up  Rapid  river.  In  addition  to  handling  his 
general  merchandise  establishment,  the  hotel  and  the 
postoffice,  he  is  deeply  interested  in  mining  and  is  re- 
corder of  his  district.  Mr.  Adsley  also,  as  occasion 
requires,  preaches  the  gospel. 

On  February  21,  1895,  Mr.  Adsley  married  Miss 
Pauline,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Olive  "(Madden)  Hol- 
lingshead.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Ontario, 
Canada,  and  died  in  1893.  Mrs.  Adsley  was  born  in 
Oakland  county,  Michigan,  in  1856,  being  an  only 
child.  Mr.  Adsley  has  three  brothers,  Alfred,  Schuy- 
ler,  Almon.  Two  children,  Ernest  and  Warren,  have 
been  born  to  this  couple.  Mr.  Adsley  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  devout  mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  church.  He  was  elected  deacon 
of  this  denomination  twice  before  he  became  a  member. 
Mr.  Adsley  is  also  a  Prohibitionist. 

Warren  Adsley,  the  son  of  our  subject,  enlisted  in 
the  Twentieth  United  States  Regulars  in  the  Spanish 
war.  He  had  gotten  as  far  as  Fort  McPherson.  at 
Atlanta,  Georgia,  when  he  was  stricken  with  the  yellow 
fever.  For  weeks  his  life  was  despaired  of."  His 
mother  hastened  to  his  bedside  and  nursed  him  until 


558 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  was  able  to  be  brought  north.  Later  he  came  t 
Idaho,  and  in  1901  his  father  came,  as  stated  above 
and  they  have  continued  in  business  together  since. 


RUSSELL  H.  RICE  is  at  the  present  time  keeper 
of  the  poor  farm,  one  mile  north  from  Mt.  Idaho.  He 
was  born  in  Washington  county,  Oregon,  on  December 
18,  1852,  the  son  of  James  E.  and  Nancy  (Bear)  Rice. 
The  father  was  bom  February  4,  1812,  in  Canada, 
came  to  the  United  States  when  a  child,  crossed  the 
plains  in  1844,  and  took  a  donation  claim  in  Washing- 
ton county,  where  he  raised  stock  and  handled  a  livery. 
In  1861  he  went  to  Douglas  county,  and  in  1888  retired 
from  business,  dying  the  same  year.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  Douglas  county,  where  he  was  reared,  and 
when  twenty-two  came  to  Idaho  county  and  rode  the 
range.  He  operated  on  Camas  prairie  and  in  the 
Salmon  region,  and  in  the  spring  of  1875  he  returned 
to  Oregon.  In  1880  he  came  again  to  Camas  prairie 
and  rode  for  L.  P.  Brown,  engaging  in  stock  raising 
and  farming  for  himself  in  1888.  This  continued  until 
1897,  when  he  received  his  present  position.  Mr.  Rice 
still  owns  his  stock  place  on  the  Salmon  river,  and  is 
one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  section. 

On  January  n,  1881,  Mr.  Rice  married  Miss  Jannic 
M.  Hogan,  whose  parents  are  mentioned  in  this  volume 
elsewhere.  Mrs.  Rice  was  born  February  25,  1862. 
One  child  has  been  born  to  this  union,  Gertrude  Olive, 
born  in  Douglas  county,  Oregon,  on  October  4,  1882. 
Mr.  Rice  is  a  strong  Republican,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  W.  W. 


ROY  DEPARTEE  is  one  of  the  leading  mechanics 
of  Grangeville,  having  doubtless  the  best  shop  in  town 
and  doing  a  business  equal  to  the  best.  He  does  gen- 
eral blacksmithing  and  also  wood  work,  and  has  dem- 
onstrated himself  to  be  a  skillful  artisan  and  a  man 
worthy  of  confidence. 

Roy  DePartee  was  born  in  Latah  county,  in  April, 
1875.  the  son  of  James  C.  and  Elizabeth'  (Hoi  den) 
DePartee.  The  father  is  a  blacksmith  and  was  born 
in  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  in  1845,  and  came  west  to 
Latah  county  in  1874,  and  then  took  land  and  farmed, 
but  later  followed  his  trade.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  Our  subject  grew  to  young  man- 
hood in  Moscow  and  learned  the  blacksmith  trade  with 
his  father.  Then  they  removed  to  Salt  Lake  City, 
and  he  there  finished  his  education  in  a  two  years' 
course  in  the  schools  of  that  place.  Then  they  all 
went  to  Pullman  and  the  father  operated  the  largest 
shop  there  for  four  years.  Then  our  subject  went  to 
Asotin  and  worked  at  his  trade  for  a  year.  Next  we 
see  him  in  Dallas,  Texas,  and  later  in  St.  Louis,  work- 
ing at  his  trade,  and  then  he  migrated  to  Montana. 
After  that  he  was  in  Wallace  for  a  year,  then  in  Ken- 
drick,  and  in  1896  Mr.  DePartee  opened  a  shop  in 
Cottonwood.  Subsequently  to  that  venture  we  find 
him  in  Nezperce,  later  in  Kendrick  again,  and  in  1899 
he  came  to  Grangeville  and  engaged  at  his  trade.  In 


1901  he  opened  his  present  shop  and  from  the  start  he 
was  favored  with  a  good  patronage,  owing  to  his  skill 
and  dispatch  in  his  craft. 

In  1896  Mr.  Departee  married  Miss  Emma  Cotter, 
from  which  marriage  one  child  was  born,  Amy.  In 
1901  Mr.  DePartee  married  Miss  Agnes,  daughter  of 
Samuel  and  Amanda  Hamill,  who  live  near  Grange- 
ville. Mrs.  DePartee  was  born  in  Iowa  and  has  five 
brothers  and  three  sisters.  Mr.  DePartee  has  one 
brother,  W.  J.,  and  three  sisters,  Lorette  Roland,  Pearl, 
Maude.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  active  in  the  political 
field  and  takes  a  keen  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the 
county  and  state. 


ALLEN  L.  RIGGLE  lives  one-half  mile  west  of 
Goff  postoffice,  and  is  one  of  the  thrifty  and  successful 
young  stock  raisers  of  Idaho  county.  He  was  born  in 
Thurman,  Fremont  county,  Iowa,  on  November  21, 
1875,  the  son  of  Enoch  and  Lavicia  (Woodrum)  Rig- 
gle. The  father  was  a  harness  maker,  born  in  Indiana 
in  1833,  and  now  lives  in  Shenandoah,  Iowa,  in  which 
state  he  was  a  pioneer.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio 
on  November  22,  1836,  and  died  in  1893.  Her  mother, 
Neaty  Woodrum,  died  April  n,  1903.  aged  ninety. 
Our  subject  received  a  good  high  school  education  and 
learned  the  harness  maker's  trade  in  Iowa.  Not  being 
able  to  stand  the-  indoor  work,  in  1894  he  came  to 
Meadows,  Idaho,  and  took  up  mining  in  the  old  Jen- 
nings diggings,  Ada  county,  continuing  the  same  for 
two  years.  Then  he  worked  for  Thomas  Clay  at  the 
Meadows,  and  in  November,  1900,  came  to  Goff  and 
took  up  his  present  claim  and  began  to  raise  cattle.  On 
March  20,  1902,  at  Goff,  Mr.  Riggle  marired  Miss 
Ella,  daughter  of  J.  O.  and  Sarah  (Cox)  Levander. 
The  father  is  the  promoter  of  Goff.  Mrs.  Riggle  was 
born  in  Boise  valley  in  1877  and  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Edward,  Emma  Hart,  Anna 
Moyer,  Homer,  Virgil,  Celestia.  Mr.  Riggle  has  six 
brothers  and  sisters:  J.  C.,  Elmer,  Ezra,  Clarence, 
I'.ert  and  Belle.  Mr.  Riggle  is  a  member  of 
the  Eagles  and  is  a  strong  Republican,  being 
always  at  the  caucuses  and  conventions.  He  has  one 
of  the  best  ranches  on  Race  creek  and  can  irrigate 
forty  acres. 


LYCURGUS  VINEYARD.  A  leading  attorney 
in  northern  Idaho,  a  man  of  capabilties  and  erudition 
that  have  placed  him  in  a  prominent  positon  in  his 
profession,  it  is  fitting  that  the  subject  of  this  article 
should  be  granted  representation  in  the  volume  that 
chronicles  the  history  of  northern  Idaho. 

Lycurgus  Vineyard  was  born  in  Clay  county,  Mis- 
souri^ on  May  17,  1846,  being  the  son  of  Elis'ha  and 
Eliza  (Harrington)  Vineyard.  The  father  was  born 
in  Virginia  in  1823.  He  was  a  prominent  educator  and 
cousin  of  B.  W.  Vineyard,  who  established  the  Pleas- 
ant Ridge  College  in  Platt  county,  Missouri,  and  later 
was  superintendent  of  public  instruction  in  Kentucky. 
The  father  came  to  Oregon  in  an  early  day  and  was 
prominent  in  educational  work  there,  where  he  now 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


dwells.  The  mother  was  born  in  Missouri  and  died 
in  1850.  Her  father,  who  was  a  pioneer  in  Kentucky, 
fought  Indians  with  Daniel  Boone  and  lived  to  a  good 
ripe  age.  The  family  were  pioneers  for  generations 
back.  Our  subject  was  bereft  of  his  mother  when  very 
young,  and  as  his  father  came  to  the  coast  he  was 
left  with  an  uncle  to  be  raised.  This  uncle  was  a  veteran 
of  the  Mexican  war  and  also  of  the  Rebellion.  Lycur- 
gus  was  educated  at  William  Jewell  College  and  then 
went  south  and  fought  with  the  Confederates  until 
the  capture  of  General  Kirby  Smith's  command,  with 
whom  he  fought.  After  the  close  of  the  war,  in  May, 
1865,  Mr.  Vineyard  read  law  a  year  and  then  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon.  He  studied  under  Judge  Strahna 
and  was  admitted  in  1868.  He  at  once  commenced 
practice  and  was  also  superintendent  of  schools.  Then 
he  removed  to  Corvallis  and  practiced  until  1879.  Two 
years  were  spent  in  California,  and  next  we  see  him 
in  the  Wood  river  country.  He  participated  in  the 
mining  excitement  and  then  made  Boise  his  headquar- 
ters and  commenced  practice.  He  was  in  several  places 
in  the  southen  part  of  the  state,  being  called  out  by 
his  practice;  in  1899  he  settled  in  Grangeville.  Since 
that  time  Mr.  Vineyard  has  been  engaged  in  practice 
here  and  is  one  of  the  leading  attorneys. 

In  1888  Mr.  Vineyard  married  Miss  Sadie,  daughter 
of  Relf  Bledsoe,  a  mining  man  and  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky. He  was  an  early  pioneer  of  Oregon  and  Idaho, 
and  was  also  sheriff  of  Ada  county  and  also  in  Wash- 
ington. He  is  now  bailiff  in  the  supreme  court  in 
Boise  and  is  a  prominent  man  in  mining  circles.  Mrs. 
Vineyard  died  in  1893.  leaving  two  children,  Richard 
R.  and  Sadie  B.,  both  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bledsoe. 
Mr.  Vineyard  has  passed  all  the  chairs  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.  He  is  active  in  politics  and  is  of  the  Jeffersonian 
Democrats.  Mr.  Vineyard  is  influential  and  a  leading 
figure  in  the  caucuses  and  conventions.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention  in  August, 
1889. 

It  is  of  interest  that  Captain  Bledsoe,  the  father- 
in-law  of  our  subject,  was  a  captain  in  the  Rogue 
River  war,  and  did  some  brilliant  work,  as  is  well 
known  to  those  who  are  familar  with  the  history  of 
that  struggle.  At  the  time  of  the  Civil  war  he  "was 
offered  a  colonelcy  by  President  Lincoln  in  the  regular 
army,  but  he  refused. 


MURAT  W.  STOKES  located  in  Pollock,  Idaho, 
in  1901,  for  the  purpose  of  following  his  profession, 
that  of  dentistry,  and  also  that  he  might  have  the 
opportunity  of  paying  attention  to  mining  in  connec- 
tion therewith.  He  is  a  skillful  and  finished  dentist, 
having  received.his  degree  at  the  University  of  Mich- 
igan at  Ann  Arbor  in  1890.  Dr.  Stokes  was  born  near 
Greenville,  Michigan,  on  January  22,  1861,  the  son  of 
Daniel  E.  and  Lois  A.  (Godfrey)  Stokes,  natives  of 
Michigan.  The  father  was  born  in  1835,  served  in 
Company  G,  Tenth  Michigan,  during  the  Civil  war, 
and  still"  lives  in  the  state  of  Michigan.  The  mother 
was  born  in  1840  and  died  October  28,  1899.  She 


was  of  English-Irish  extraction,  and  her  husband  was 
of  English  descent.  Our  subject  remained  with  his 
lather  attending  school  until  he  arrived  at  manhood's 
estate,  then  took  his  degree  from  Ann  Arbor,  after 
vvhich  he  located  in  Fremont,  Michigan,  and  practiced 
dentistry  for  ten  years.  Then  after  one  years'  prac- 
tice in  Greenville  he  came  west  and  located  as  stater1 
above. 

On  October  19,  1879,  Dr.  Stokes  married  Miss 
Clara,  daughter  of  Henry  B.  and  Mary  E.  (Ammer- 
man)  Carter.  Her  father  was  a  carpenter,  born  in 
New  Jersey  in  1837  and  died  in  1891.  He  was  a  '49er 
to  California,  but  later  returned  east.  The  mother,  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  in  1839,  and  still  lives, 
being  of  Dutch,  Scotch  and  English  extraction.  Mrs. 
Stokes  was  born  in  New  Jersey  August  3,  1862,  and 
has  one  brother,  William,  and  one  sister,  Louisa.  Dr. 
Stokes  has  one  sister,  Jennie  Hanson.  Four  children 
have  been  born  to  this  marriage :  Blanche  E.  Hollings- 
head,  in  Pollock;  Leonard  D.,  at  home;  Leona  E. 
Carothers,  Dalton  R.  Dr.  Stokes  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  order  and  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  interested  in 
the  Rankin  General  Milling  Company,  which  purposes 
to  reduce  ores  by  the  nitric  acid  process.  '  The  process 
is  unique  and  has  already  created  quite  a  sensation 
in  mining  circles.  They  are  now  putting  the  process 
to  a  practical  test  in  the  development  of  mines  on  Rapid 
river.  Mrs.  Stokes  and  daughter  were  the  first  ladies 
in  the  Rankin  camp,  and  Dalton  R.  was  born  there, 
6,500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  When  the  Doctor 
came  in  he  traveled  on  snow  shoes  for  twenty  miles. 
Dr.  Stokes  is  a  man  of  good  ability,  genial  and  affable 
and  is  a  real  pioneer  and  an  enterprising  citizen. 


JOHN  T.  HOLLENBEAK  resides  one  mile  south 
of  Pollock  postoffice,  and  is  a  very  successful  wool 
grower.  He  was  born  in  Davis  county,  Iowa,  in  1853, 
the  son  of  Benjamin  Q.  and  Melinda  (Wilkeson)  Hol- 
lenbeak. The  father  was  born  in  Indiana  and  died 
in  1 88 1.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Iowa  and  came  to 
Shasta  county,  California,  in  1864.  The  mother  was 
born  in  1823  in  Virginia  and  is  still  living,  being  of 
Scotch  and  Welsh  parentage.  Our  subject  came  across 
the  plains  with  his  parents  and  assisted  his  father  in 
general  farming  and  cattle  raising.  When  sixteen  he 
went  to  do  for  himself  by  shearing  sheep.  He  con- 
tinued in  that  country  until  1888,  then  sold  out  and 
came  to  Washington  county,  Idaho,  and  went  to  ranch- 
ing. A  decade  was  spent  there  and  then,  1898,  he  sold 
out  and  came  to  Idaho  county  and  located  his  present 
place.  He  started  to  raise  sheep  on  a  small  scale  and 
now  has  nearly  two  thousand  five  hundred  head. 

On  July  29,  1877,  in  California,  Mr.  Hollenbeak 
married'Miss  Mary  B.,  daughter  of  William  and  Sarah 
(Hutchison)  Vestal.  The  father  came  to  California 
in  '51  and  settled  near  Sacramento,  where  he  still  lives. 
He\vas  born  in  1823  in  North  Carolina.  The  mother 
of  Mrs.  Hollenbeak  was  born  in  Missouri  in  1835.  Mrs. 
Hollenbeak  has  six  brothers  and  five  sisters  living 
and  two  dead.  Mr.  Hollenbeak  has  two  sisters  and 


56o 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


five  brothers.  Eight  children  have  been  born  to  this 
marriage:  Artie,  born  in  1878;  Elgie  Gotzinger,  born 
in  1879  :  Cleveland,  born  in  1884;  Loyola,  born  in  1890; 
William,  born  in  1897;  Teddy  R.,  born  in  1901,  and 
two  deceased.  Politically  Mr.  Hollenbeak  has  always 
been  active  and  is  an  out  and  out  Republican.  He  owns 
a  half  section  of  land  in  addition  to  his  stock  and  has 
ascertained  that  many  of  the  bluffs  that  are  too  steep 
for  cattle  and  which  raise  the  best  quality  of  blue 
bunch  grass,  are  admirably  adapted  for  sheep  raising. 
He  had  to  pack  all  his  supplies  into  the  place  until 
September,  1901,  when  a  wagon  road  was  built. 

On  January  28,  1902,  while  Mr.  Hollenbeak  was 
blasting  out  his  irrigating  ditch,  a  sack  upon  which 
he  had  some  dynamite  caught  fire,  and  in  attempting 
to  stamp  out  the  blaze  he  struck-  a  piece  of  dynamite, 
which  exploded  and  destroyed  one  of  his  eyes.  Soon 
thereafter  through  sympathy  the  sight  of  the  other 
eye  was  lost  also.  In  this  unfortunate  condition  Mr. 
Hollenbeak  is  still  managing  his  business,  his  brave 
spirit  and  courage  causing  him  to  be  cheerful  and  full 
of  hope  for  the  day  when  darkness  shall  be  done  away 
and  there  shall  be  all  light. 


JOHN  HADORN,  deceased.  -In  mentioning  the 
leading  citizens  of  Idaho  county,  we  are  well  aware 
that  the  subject  of  this  memorial  is  to  be  classed 
high  in  the  roll  of  honor.  He  was  a  business  man  of 
excellent  ability,  a  citizen  of  patriotic  spirit  and  a 
man  of  integrity.  John  Hadorn  was  born  in  Kiel, 
Germany,  in  1844  and  when  eighteen  came  to  this 
country  with  his  parents.  He  stopped  a  time  at  Coun- 
cil Bluffs,  Iowa,  and  then  settled  in  Colorado,  taking 
up  the  stock  business.  He  did  well  there  until  1880, 
when  he  made  his  way  to  Idaho  county  and  engaged 
in  the  same  industry  on  the  Salmon.  He  took  land 
across  the  river  from  Whitebird  and  there  he  met  and 
later  married  Mrs.  Virginia  Brusha.  The  wedding  oc- 
curred on  March  4,  1886.  Mfs.  Hadorn  was  a  leader 
in  business  herself  and  managed  the  four  hundred  and 
fifty  acre  ranch,  thus  leaving  her  husband  free  to  at- 
tend to  the  stock.  They  did  well,  their  wealth  increas- 
ing until  they  are  considered  among  the  most  prosper- 
ous people  of  the  county.  In  March,  1899,  pneumonia 
marked  Mr.  Hadorn  and  in  a  few  days  he  was  claimed 
by  the  angel  of  death,  his  spirit  departing  on  March 
15,  1899.  The  responsibility  of  their  great  business 
fell  on  Mrs.  Hadorn,  in  which  she  soon  proved  her- 
self equal  to  the  emergency,  conducting  all  so  well 
that  a  good  increase  followed.  On  January  18,  1903, 
she  bought  the  two  hotels  in  the  town  of  Whitebird 
and  merged  the  properties,  also  bought  the  livery  barn 
in  connection  with  the  hotel.  After  operating  the 
business  in  a  first-class  manner,  she  rented  the  same 
and  has  moved  back  to  the  ranch.  Mrs.  Hadorn  had 
previously  married  Jacob  P.  Brusha,  April  28,  1878, 
and  to  that  union  three  children  were  born,  Harriett 
T.  William,  Martha  J.  Henly,  Mary  E.  Canfield.  To 
the  second  marriage  two  children  were  born,  John  M., 
and  Archie,  both  at  home.  Mrs.  Hadorn  was  born 


in  Monroe  county,  Mississippi,  April  7,  1857,  her  par- 
ents being  George  M.  and  Louisa  T.  Gallaway,  men- 
tioned in  this  work,  as  also  are  her  brothers  and  sis- 
ters. Mr.  Hadorn  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church  and  both  himself  and  Mrs.  Hadorn  active  Re- 
publicans. 


ROLLIN  C.  BROWN  is  a  prosperous  farmer  and 
stockman  residing  about  two  miles  north  from  Mt. 
Idaho.  He  is  the  owner  of  a  half  section  of  fine  land, 
well  improved  and  stocked  with  a  good  band  of  cattle 
and  some  hogs  and  horses.  Rollin  C.  Brown  was 
born  in  Oregon  on  March  12,  1856,  the  son  of  Loyal 
P.  and  Sarah'  I.  (Crusen)  Brown,  who  are  mentioned 
in  another  portion  of  this  work.  Hon.  Loyal  P.  Brown 
is  one  of  the  best  known  and  highly  esteemed  pioneers 
of  all  northen  Idaho,  and  his  memory  is  held  dear  in  the 
hearts  of  all  who  knew  him.  His  widow  is  no  whit 
behind  her  husband  in  noble  qualities  and  is  one  of  the 
beloved  people  of  the  county.  Our  subject  was  raised 
in  this  county  and  here  received  his  educational  train- 
ing, and  in  1876  Ire  commenced  the  occupation  of  rais- 
ing cattle.  He  took  a  claim  where  he  now  lives  and  has 
added  since  one  quarter  more,  which  makes  the  excel- 
lent estate  mentioned.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war, 
he  was  shearing  sheep,  and  upon  hearing  the  tidings 
he  turned  the  stock  loose  and  went  to  Mt.  Idaho.  Mr. 
Brown  took  part  in  the  struggle  in  standing  guard  at 
Mt.  Idaho,  in  building  fortifications  and  in  fighting  the 
Indians.  Mr.  Brown  has  two  sisters,  Ada  Hovey, 
Daisy  Smith. 

On  November  12,  1878,  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  J.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Lucinda  (Slater) 
Harrison.  The  father  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land, on  December  6,  1822,  came  to  the  United  States 
in  August,  1847,  mined  in  Wisconsin  until  1860,  then 
came  as  one  of  the  first  pioneers  to  the  Idaho  country, 
being  on  the  Clearwater  during  the  war.  He  took 
land  on  the  prairie  and  in  1877  sold  his  mining  inter- 
ests and  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  farming  until 
his  death,  on  February  24,  1901.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Missouri  on  March  I,  1831,  married  October 
14,  1855,  in  Wisconsin,  and  died  May  12,  1899.  Mrs. 
Brown  was  born  in  Iowa  county,  Wisconsin,  on  No- 
vember 5,  i860,  and  had  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters :  Mary  L.,  Rosetta  E.,  Christopher  J.,  Lilly,  all 
deceased.  Three  children  are  the  fruit  of  this  union: 
Loyal  P.,  born  May  21,  1882;  Rollin  H.,  born  Sep- 
tember 12,  1887;  Alonzo  F.,  born  January  15,  1895. 
Mr.  Brown  is  a  strong  Republican,  a  man  of  excellent 
qualities  and  worth  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  all. 


CAPTAIN  LEVI  CASTLE.  Western  energy, 
pluck  and  fixedness  of  purpose  are  typified  in  the  sub- 
ject of  this  biographical  sketch.  Levi  Castle,  captain 
of  Company  H,  First  Idaho  Volunteers,  in  the  Spanish 
war,  is  now  an  esteemed  business  man  of  Grangeville. 
He  is  distinctively  a  self-made  man.  He  wai  born 
near  Springfield,  Illinois,  on  March  4,  1860,  the  son 


"1 


JOHN  HADORN. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  James  H.  and  Delilah  A.  (Kirby)  Castle.  The  father 
was  a  native  of  New  York  and  early  moved  to  Illi- 
.  nois.  He  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighth 
Illinois  Volunteers  in  1861  and  served  until  1863,  when 
he  died  from  the  effects  of  a  severe  wound.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Kentucky  of  a  prominent  family  and  now 
lives  with  her  son.  Lyman  W.  Castle,  in  Santa  Monica, 
California.  Her  father  was  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican 
war.  After  her  husband  s  death,  she  struggled  hard 
to  keep  the  children  together  and  finally  in  1871  came 
to  Douglas  county,  Oregon,  where  she  succeeded  in 
raising  and  educating  them  all.  In  1875  she  married 
Deloss  Carr,  and  two  years  later  they  all  moved  to 
Idaho  county.  Mr.  Carr  was  always  a  wise  coun- 
sellor, a  warm  friend,  and  a  devoted  father  to  the 
;  children.  Soon  our  subject  was  pushed  out  by  an  ad- 
venturous spirit  to  undertake  for  himself,  and  he  at 
once  began  to  manifest  that  talent  which  is  useful  in 
this  world,  namely,  the  ability  to  acquire  good  prop- 
erty. He  has  now  one  of  the  best  farms  on  Camas 
prairie  and  is  a  prosperous  and  respected  citizen  of  the 
county. 

On  November  25,  1882,  Mr.  Castle  married  Miss 
Martha  J.  Turpin,  and  one  sen  was  born  to  them.  In 
April,  1884,  the  young  mother  was  called  hence  by 
death,  and  the  following  October  her  infant  was  laid 
by  her  side. 

On  August  16,  1887,  Mr.  Castle  married  Miss 
Anna  Belle,  the  accomplished  daughter  of  Richard  M. 
Henley,  a  pioneer  of  this  country.  Seven  children  have 
been  born  to  this  union:  Edith,  Alvin,  Chester,  Ben- 
jamin, Ethel,  Lora,  Lawton.  Captain  Castle  was  one 
of  the  first  to  come  forward  when  the  late  war  with 
Spain  was  on.  He  was  a  private  in  Company  C  of 
the  Idaho  National  Guards  at  that  time,  and  he  rose 
rapidly  from  that  position  to  first  lieutenant,  then  to  the 
command  of  Company  E,  with  which  he  fought  all 
through  the  Philippine  campaign.  He  held  the  com- 
mand of  that  company  until  transferred  to  the  cap- 
taincy of  Company  H.  Among  the  engagements  may 
be  mentioned:  Manila,  August  13,  1898;  Paco,  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1899;  Santa  Ana,  February  5;  Calocan,  Feb- 
ruary 10  to  12;  besieging  Maloban,  from  February  28 
to  March  27;  with  Lawton  to  Santa  Cruz,  April  8 
to  18,  besides  many  others.  He  was  mustered  out  with 
his  regiment  at  San  Francisco  September  25,  1899. 
Returning  home  he  settled  on  the  farm  until,  to  accord 
his  children  better  educational  facilities,  he  came  to 
Grangeville,  where  he  is  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits. Captain  Castle  is  an  unswerving  and  strenuous 
Republican,  and  always  on  hand  for  the  best  interests 
of  the  community  in  political  issues. 


JOSEPH  H.  VICORY  is  one  of  the  leading  farm- 
ers and  mining  men  of  the  vicinity  of  Mt.  Idaho  who 
has  labored  in  these  sections  since  the  earliest  days 
of  mineral  discovery  and  is  a  man  of  great  experience 
and  worth.  He  was  born  in  Clark  county,  Ohio,  on 
June  29,  1834,  the  son  of  Anson  and  Hannah  (Treat) 
Vicory,  born  in  New  York  state  in  1787  and  1789, 


respectively.  The  father  was  a  millwright  and  one  of 
the  first  settlers  of  Ohio.  He  went  thence  to.  Indiana, 
Laporte  county,  in  1835,  and  died  there  in  1853.  The 
mother  accompanied  her  husband  after  marriage  and 
died  in  Iowa  in  1879.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
Indiana  and  there  spent  his  childhood  days.  When  he 
was  seventeen  he  went  to  the  prairies  of  Illinois  and  two 
years  later  returned  to  Indiana.  In  1860  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Shasta  county,  California,  mining  and  farming 
on  Pitt  river.  In  1862  he  came  to  Linn  county,  Oregon,, 
and  the  next  spring  came  to  Florence  and  then  to- 
Warren.  Later  he  returned  to  Oregon  and  in  1863. 
brought  a  bunch  of  cattle  here.  He  wintered  in  Lew- 
iston  and  Walla  Walla  as  occasion  served  and  mined. 
In  1865  he  was  operating  a  hotel  for  John  Silverwood. 
Jn  1867  Mr.  Vicory  mined  in  British  Columbia  and 
all  of  the  leading  camps  of  northern  Idaho  and  the 
northwest.  In  the  Indian  outbreak  of  1877  he  did 

ous  trying  times  and  always  showed  courage  and  forti- 
tude. In  October,  1879,  Mr.  Vicory  took  his  present 
land,  a  fine  estate  about  one  mile  east  from  Mt.  Idaho, 
and  he  has  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  and  min- 

some  and  also  has  his  farm  well  improved.  Mr.  Vicory 
has  two  brothers,  Hiram  and  Levi. 

On  January  13,  1873,  Mr.  Vicory  married  Miss 
Lyda  M.,  daughter  of  William  and  Julia  A.  (Bilyeu) 
Kinder.  The  father  was  born  in  Illinois  on  June  29, 
1814,  crossed  the  plains  in  1852  to  Douglas  county, 
where  he  took  a  donation  claim.  In  1864  he  removed 
to  Linn  county,  where  he  died  April  19,  1894.  The 
mother  was  born  June  13,  1825,  in  Illinois,  and  is  now- 
living  in  Linn  county.  Mrs.  Vicory  was  born  in  Doug- 
las county  on  April  24,  1856,  and  she  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  Alva,  Lucinda  A.  Derr,  Mary  A. 
Brummer,  Hannah  Ray.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vicory  have 
two  children,  Herick  F.,  born  December  10/1873; 
Julia  Brown,  born  June  21,  1875.  Mr.  Vicory  and 
his  wife  are  Democrats.  Mr.  Vicory  was  one  of  the 
four  men  to  go  to  meet  Pat  Brice  when  he  was  bring- 
ing in  Al  aggie  Manuel. 


D.  C.  VAN  BUREN,  manager  and  sec- 
retary of  the  Grangeville  Electric  Light  & 
Power  Company,  is  a  young  business  man  of 
energy  and  push  and  a  progressive  spirit  which 
are  dominated  by  sagacity  and  keen  discrimination. 
He  was  born  in  Ingham  county,  Michigan,  on  De- 
cember 14,  1864,  the  son  of  Martin  and  Cynthia  (Dix) 
Van  Buren,  born  in  Michigan  in  1837  and  1843,  re- 
spectively, where  they  still  live.  The  paternal  ances- 
tors were  originally  from  Holland  and  were  early 
settlers  in  New  York.  Our  subject's  grandfather  was 
a  pioneer  in  Michigan,  settling  there  in  1830.  His 
great-grandfather  was  a  patriot  in  the  war  of  1812 
Our  subject's  paternal  grandmother  was  formerly  Miss 
Wright  and  came  from  Yankee  stock.  Her  father, 
Daniel  Wright,  was  in  the  war  of  1812  also.  Presi- 
dent Van  Buren  and  the  great-grandfather  of  D.  C. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


were  cousins.  Martin  Van  Buren,  father  of  D.  C., 
was  in  Company  H,  Fifteenth  Michigan  Infantry,  un- 
der John  A.  Logan.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
from  a  New  York  family,  who  were  pioneers  in  Mich- 
igan. D.  C.  Van  Buren  was  reared  in  Michigan,  and 
at  the  early  age  of  seventeen  taught  his  first  school. 
He  was  successful  and  soon  was  in  the  state  normal, 
whence  he  graduated  in  due  time  and  then  took  up 
teaching  in  Montana,  where  he  was  superintendent 
of  the  schools  in  White  Sulphur  Springs  for  two  years. 
Then  he  was  superintendent  of  the  city  schools  in  Poca- 
tello  for  two  years.  During  these  years  Mr.  Van 
Buren  was  making  the  subject  of  electricity  a  careful 
study,  and  he  succeeded  so  thoroughly  in  mastering 
what  is  known  of  the  subtle  power  that  he  was  casting 
about  for  a  place  to  start  a  plant.  Grangeville  pre- 
sented the  proper  conditions,  and  in  partnership  with 
W.  L.  Kimmel  he  erected  the  first  plant.  This  was 
completed  on  January  i,  1900,  and  one  year  later  he 
bought  out  his  partner  and  since  that  time  has  per- 
sonally managed  the  business.  In  June,  1902,  the 
Grangeville  Electric  Light  and  Power  Company  was 
incorporated,  with  Mr.  Van  Buren  as  manager,  secre- 
tary and  chief  stockholder.  They  are  now  putting 
in  a  water  power  establishment  on  the  Clearwater, 
six  miles  east  from  Grangeville,  which  will  give  them 
twelve  hundred  horse  power,  which  they  expect  will 
furnish  power  and  light  to  various  places  on  Camas 
Prairie. 

On  July  6,  1902,  at  Grangeville  Mr.  Van  Buren 
married  Miss  Lyda  Castle,  whose  parents  are  dwelling 
in  Iowa.  She  was  born  in  that  state  in  1876  and  has 
been  engaged  in  teaching.  She  has  two  sisters  and 
one  brother.  Mr.  Van  Buren  has  three  sisters,  Nellie. 
Marion,  Lorena.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Van  Buren  are  active 
members  in  the  Baptist  church,  and  he  is  a  trustee  and 
prominent  in  Sunday  school  work.  Mr.  V  an  Buren  is 

amuTa3  friend  of  ^jod^diools.1"  ° 


WILLIAM  HOGAN  is  the  owner  and  manager 
of  the  Hogan  group  of  mines  on  the  Ore  Grande  and 
much  credit  is  due  to  his  enterprise  and  skill  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  country  and  in  bringing  to  the  front 
good  properties.  He  was  born  in  Chippewa  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  November  10,  1864,  the  son  of  John 
and  Bridget  (O'Hern)  Hogan,  born  in  Ireland  in 
1830  and  1832,  respectively,  and  still  living  in  Wiscon- 
sin. The  father  came  to  this  country  in  1848  and  the 
mother  came  with  her  parents  and  was  married  in  Ohio. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  his  native  state 
and  until  he  was  eighteen  he  remained  with  his  par- 
ents. Then  he  took  up  the  lumber  business  and  in 
1892  he  went  to  Montana.  He  followed  mining  in 
various  places  for  some  time  and  in  1899  Mr. 
Hogan  made  his  way  to  Idaho  county.  He  located 
first  on  the  Whitebird  near  the  Salmon,  and  then  ex- 
plored the  Buffalo  Hump  country.  Later  he  came  on 
to  Elk  City  and  here  he  went  to  prospecting  with  the 
happy  result  that  he  is  now  possessor  of  the  promising 


and  valuable  Hogan  group  of  mines.  His  brother 
promoted  the  mines  and  milling  company  on  the 
Crooked  river,  and  he  has  been  prominent  in  mining 
since.  Mr.  Hogan  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Mary  Sheehy,  Johanna,  deceased,  Patrick  R.. 
Michael,  John  C.,  Emilia  Manning,  James  M.,  de- 
ceased, Thomas  S. 

On  November  27,  1900,  Mr.  Hogan  married  Aliss 
Luella,  daughter  of  Albert  and  Louisa  (Lane)  De- 
Borde,  who  now  live  at  York,  Montana.  The  father 
was  born  in  1849  'n  Illinois,  and  the  mother  was  born 
in  Iowa  on  November  10,  1859,  and  was  married  in 
January,  1878.  Mrs.  Hogan  was  born  in  Nebraska 
on  March  5,  1880.  She  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters:  Jesse,  Gladys  Williams,  Leon, 
William,  Mary,  Athea,  Carroll,  Annie,  Earl.  On  Aug- 
ust 29,  1901,  at  Elk  City,  a  daughter,  Helen,  was  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hogan.  They  are  members  of  the 
Catholic  church  and  are  of  excellent  standing  in  the 
community. 


AARON  FOSTER  PARKER  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Wells,  Somersetshire,  England,  on  March 
16,  1856,  and  was  educated  in  the  grammar  schools 
of  the  city.  At  an  early  age  he  left  the  parental  home 
and  started  on  a  seafaring  career,  which  he  pursued 
for  six  years,  when  increasing  deafness  compelled  hin 
to  relinquish  his  adopted  calling.  His  life  on  the  high 
seas  was  mainly  spent  along  the  south  Pacific  coast, 
near  the  West  India  Islands  and  along  Central  Amer- 
ica. In  1876  he  left  Liverpool  for  San  Francisco,  en 
route  to  Idaho.  Arriving  in  Baker  City  he  made  his 
way  into  Idaho  territory  by  the  way  of  the  old  Brown- 
lee  ferry,  on  Snake  river,  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Powder,  and  for  the  following  months  engaged  in 
mining  and  prospecting  until  the  Indian  war  of  1877 
compelled  the  residents  of  the  mountains  to  go  into 
the  settlements.  For  the  next  few  years  Mr.  Parker 
served  the  government  in  various  capacities  during  the 
Nez  Perces,  Bannock  and  Sheep  Eater  campaigns. 
In  1880,  after  some  years  spent  in  mining  in  eastern 
Oregon,  Mr.  Parker  took  charge  of  the  Nez  Perces 
Xews,  at  Lewiston,  but  sold  out  in  1883  and  joined 
the  stampede  then  in  progress  to  the  Coeur  d'Alei 
country,  and  was  one  of  the  first  twenty-five  men  to 
invade  the  fastnesses  of  Pritchard  creek.  He  served 
as  deputy  mineral  recorder  during  the  boom  and  was 
also  postmaster  at  Eagle  City,  the  first  town  projected 
during  the  rush.  The  following  spring  Mr.  Baker 
started  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Eagle  and  continued  its  pub- 
lication until  the  fall,  when  with  the  collapse  of  the 
mining  boom,  he  left  the  camp.  In  1885  he  again 
assumed  the  editorial  management  of  the  Nez  Perces 
News  and  continued  it  until  June,  1886,  when  he  com- 
menced the  publication  of  the  Idaho  County  Free' 
Press,  which  has  ever  since  been  one  of  the  foremost 
advocates  of  the  best  interests  of  the  state,  and  has 
been  a  power  for  good  in  all  directions. 

In  his  public  capacity  Mr.  Parker  has  served  c 
member  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  state  university, 
and  at  the  date  of  this  writing  is  one  of  the  Idaho 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


563 


state  commission  to  the  St.  Louis  exposition,  from 
which,  however,  he  expects  to  resign.  In  1896  he  was 
a  prominent  candidate  before  the  Democratic  state  con- 
vention for  the  nomination  for  the  governorship  of 
Idaho,  and  has  always  been  an  unbending  Democrat 
of  the  Jeffersonian  school. 

In  1890  Mr.  Parker  was  married  to  Mary  Scott 
<  Newman,  of  Omaha,  Nebraska.     Four  children  sur- 
vive, two  of  them  twin  girls. 


JAMES  E.  PERKINS  is  an  industrious  and  suc- 
5-  cessful   agriculturist   and   stockman   of    Pollock.      He 
I  was  born  on  the  Boise  river,  Idaho,  on  November  4, 
1866,  the  son  of  Basil  I.  and  Eliza  (Williams)   Per- 
kins, and  was  the  first  white  child  born  on  the  Boise 
river.     The  father  was   a  stock  raiser  and   a  native 
of  Iowa.     He  was  murdered  for  his  money  in   1878 
[  by  a  desperado  in  Pine  valley,  Oregon.     In  1849  ne 
came  to  California  and  in  1864  settled  at  Boise  basin 
and  was  a  volunteer  in  the   Indian  war  of   1866-67. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1843,  an<i  her 
;   parents  were  pioneers  in  California.    Our  subject  went 
!    with  his  parents  to  Umatilla  county  when  young  and 
[  three  years  later  moved  to  the  Grande  Ronde  valley, 
f  where'thev  lived  until  1878.    Then  they  moved  to  the 
I  Payette  valley,  Idaho.     Our  subject  was  educated  in 
:   these  various  places  and  also  learned  the  barber  trade. 

Vest.  When  he  arrived  at  manhood's  estate,  James  E. 
followed  .his  trade  and  later  went  to  the  Indian  valley 
country.  In  1890  he  came  to  the  Salmon  river  and 

I  took  up  land.  He  and  his  brother  secured  the  con- 
tract to  furnish  all  the  specimens  for  the  Idaho  state 
house  museum  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  and  were 
successful  in  gathering  a  very  fine  collection.  At  the 

:  time  of  the  opening  of  the  Nez  Perces  reservation  he 
took  a  squatter's  right,  which  was  sold  later.  Then 
he  took  land  on  Rapid  river,  which  he  recently  sold. 
In  1897  Mr.  Perkins  married  Miss  Sophronia,  daugh- 
ter of  James  and  Sarah  J  aggers,  who  now  live  on  the 
Clearwater  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Airs.  Perkins,  who 
was  born  in  Illinois  in  1880,  received  a  good  high  school 
education.  She  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister, 
George,  Joseph  and  Chloe  Riggs.  Mr.  Perkins  has  two 
brothers  and  one  sister,  Thomas,  Frank  and  Rilla 
Clark.  One  child  has  been  born  to  this  marriage. 
Alma.  Mr.  Perkins  is  a  Democrat  and  a  good  sub- 
stantial citizen. 


CHARLES  F.  BROWN  devotes  himself  to  farm- 
ing and  raising  cattle  and  at  the  present  time  is  dwell- 
ing on  his  estate  about  four  miles  east  from  Mt.  Idaho. 
He  was  born  in  Covington,  Kentucky,  on  June  14. 
1856,  the  son  of  John  I.  and  Clara  E.  (Smith)  Brown, 
natives  of  Boston,  Massachusetts.  The  father's  an- 
cestors were  patriots  in  the  Revolution.  He  crossed 
the  plains  with  L.  P.  Brown  in  1859  and  settled  near 
Roseburg,  Oregon.  In  1861  he  packed  merchandise 
into  Elk  and  continued  there  until  1868  when  he  came 


to  Mt.  Idaho  and  later  took  land  north  of  town,  re- 
maining there  until  his  death,  on  October  n,  1874. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  is  still  living  on  Camas 
prairie.  Our  subject  came  to  Camas  prairie  in  1868 
from  Roseburg,  Oregon,  and  finished  his  education  at 
Seattle  University,  Washington,  in  1870.  In  1875 
he  went  from  here  with  a  government  pack  train  to 
id  there  joined  General  Crooks  to  fight 


oted  to  chief  pack  master 
for  General  McKenzie  at 
under  General  Lawton  at 


General  Crooks  he 
and  master  of  transp 
Fort  Clark.  Texas  ; 
Santa  Fe. 

He  returned  to  Denver,  then  went  to  Wisconsin  and 
later  settled  in  Chicago.  In  1885  he  came  to  Camas 
prairie  again  and  farmed.  In  1892  he  rented  the  Mt. 
Idaho  hotel,  later  he  bought  the  building  and  operated 
it  until  1898.  Then  he  bought  the  farm  where  he  now 


years  old,  a  good  bunch  of 
Mr.   Brown  has   the   follo 

Lul 


ing  stock.  He  has 
L-S,  an  orchard  thirty-five 
stock  and  is  prosperc 


Ir.   Brown  has   the   following  brothers   and   sisters: 
ulu  Swarts,  Sidney  B,  Horace  V.,  Lily  M.  Wag- 
_  oner. 

On  December  25,  1883,  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss 
Jennie  R.,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Mary  (Higgins) 
Manahan.  The  father  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1814, 
fought  in  the  Seminole  war  in  Florida  and  died  on 
May  3,  1880.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ireland  on 
February  23,  1820,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1847, 
married  the  following  year,  and  died  July  10,  1902. 
Mrs.  Brown  was  born  in  Waterloo,  Wisconsin,  October 
31,  1862,  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Sarah  A.  Dunn,  Mary  C.  Tool.  Julia,  Margaret,  Ellen 
Reynolds,  Alice,  Elizabeth  Higgins.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  this  union:  Edna  M.,  born  No- 
vember 29.  1885,  in  Chicago :  John  1.,  born  February  4, 
1887.  in  Idaho  county;  Helen  M.,  born  November  29, 
1895.  Mr.  Brown  is  a  Republican  and  belongs  to  the 
ans.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 


JAMES  N.  OLIVER  is  a  leading  mechanic  of 
Grangeville  and  operates  a  blacksmith  and  wood  work- 
ing shop,  where  he  enjoys  a  thriving  patronage  because 

James  N.  Oliver  was  born  in  Green  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  September  8,  1854,  the  son  of  Milton  and 
Kiziah  (Haggard)  Oliver.  The  father,  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania, was  a  pioneer  in  Missouri  and  fought  in  the 
Confederate  army.  He  was  severely  wounded  but  sur- 
vived the  ordeal.'  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Tennessee  and  in  1871  passed  to  the  world  beyond. 
The  family  removed  to  Texas  in  1863  and  settled  in 
Wise  county  and  engaged  in  stock  raising.  Our  sub- 
ject spent  the  years  there  until  1872.  gaining  his  edu- 
cation and  learning  the  blacksmith  trade  from  his 
father  in  the  meantime.  Then  he  went  to  Springfield, 
Missouri,  and  two  years  later  came  to  Boise.  He  was 
with  a  regular 'wagon  train  of  one  hundred  and  eighty 


5  64 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Pomeroy ;  in  both  places  he  wrought  at  his  trade.  He 
also  spent  some  time  farming.  In  1886  he  moved  to 
Genesee  and  opened  a  shop,  making  the  anvil  ring  to 
honest  industry  and  business  for  nine  years.  He  also 
operated  a  farm  there.  In  1895  he  went  to  Juliaetta, 
then  returned  to  Genesee  and  in  1898  Mr.  Oliver  re- 
moved to  Grangeville  and  opened  a  shop,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  one  of  the  leading  mechanics  of  the 
place  and  is  respected  and  of  good  standing. 

In  1874,  while  in  Missouri,  Mr.  Oliver  married 
Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Storky,  a  native  of  Mis- 
sissippi. He  was  a  Confederate  soldier,  Mrs.  Oliver 
was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1860  arid  has  one.  brother, 
Samuel  and  one  sister,  Sallie  Smith.  Mr.  Oliver  has 
one  brother,  Campbell  B.,  in  Walla  Walla.  Five  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  marriage,  James  N.,  Ola, 
Eva,  Grace,  May.  Mr.  Oliver  is  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  of  the  K.  P.,  and  of  the  Redmen.  He  was 
one  of  the  trustees  of  Genesee  for  years.  Politically, 
Mr.  Oliver  is  a  Democrat,  but  does  not  seek  personal 
preferment. 


ISAAC  ZEHNER  was  born  in  Lawrence  county, 
Illinois,  on  February  20,  1853,  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Catherine  (McEwen)  Zehner.  The  father  was 
born  in  Ohio,  on  January  9,  1829,  and  removed  to 
Lawrence  county  in  1849.  Here  he  farmed  and 
worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  until  1867,  when  he 
removed  to  Stone  county,  Missouri,  and  bought  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land,  which  he  farmed 
for  twelve  years.  In  1879  a  move  was  made  to  Ben- 
ton  county,  Arkansas,  and  in  1889  he  came  to  Camas 
prairie  and  took  a  half  section,  devoting  himself  to 
farming  and  stock  raising  until  his  death  on  May  3, 
1898.  The  mother  was  born  in  Illinois  and  her  par- 
ents came  from  Ireland  in  early  days  to  that  state. 
Our  subject  was  educated  and  reared  in  the  various 
places  where  the  family  resided  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  twenty-four.  Then  he  went  to  Chris- 
tian county,  Missouri,  rented  land  and  three  years  later 
went  to  Benton  county.  He  purchased  land  there  and 
farmed  until  1886.  when  he  came  to  Pomeroy,  Wash- 
ington, landing  August  u,  1887.  The  following  No- 
vember he  came  to  Camas  prairie  and  took  a  half  sec- 
lion  of  government  land.  Mr.  Zehner  gave  his  atten- 


tion to  farming  and  raising  stock  until  1894,  when  he 
added  the  industry  of  threshing,  handling  a  good  outfit. 
In  the  spring  of  1902,  Mr.  Zehner  bought  the  roller 
mills  in  Denver  and  he  now  owns  them  in  addition  to 
his  farming  interests,  while  also  he  has  a  residence  and 
lots  in  town.  Mr.  Zehner  also  raises  many  hogs  and 
a  goodly  herd  of  cattle.  He  has  the  following  broth- 
ers and"  sisters:  Anna  E.  Reynolds,  Benjamin,  Owen, 
Lucy  Mitchell,  Melinda  Thompson,  William,  Wesley, 
John. 

On  December  7,  1876,  Mr.  Zehner  married  Miss 
Gorilla  J.,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Cecilia  (Rhoad- 
es)  Howard,  born  July  4,  1823,  in  Tennessee,  and  in 
1825  in  Kentucky,  respectively.  The  father  was  a 
member  of  the  home  guards  in  the  time  of  the  war  and 


he  wrought  at  his  trades  of  blacksmithing  and  car- 
pentering. His  death  occurred  on  May  22,  1893.  The 
mother  died  on  September  12,  1865.  Mrs.  Zehner 
was  born  in  Stone  county,  Missouri,  on  March  15, 
1856,  and  she  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 
sisters:  Mary  E.  Clayton,  Delia  Fanning,  Elizabeth 
Long,  Thomas,  John,  Bertha  Gill,  William,  Lucy,  Rob- 
ert, Fred  and  Maud.  Three  children  have  come  to 
crown  this  marriage,  Clementine  Rhoades,  born  Janu- 
ary 20,  1878 ;  William  H.,  born  December  10,  1879  ;  Hat- 
tie,  born  December  2, 1883.  Mr.  Zehner  is  a  Jeffersonian 
Democrat  and  his  wife  is  a  true  blue  Republican.  He 
i?  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  Mrs.  Zehner  is  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  This  worthy 
couple  have  done  much  for  the  advancement  and  u 
building  of  this  county  and  section  and  are  highly  e 
teemed  and  of  excellent  standing,  being  people  : 
whom  are  manifest  the  virtues  of  integrity,  upright- 
ness and  real  worth,  while  their  capabilities  are  p 
to  all. 


PETER  H.  READY.  This  well  known  piom 
and  substantial  citizen  of  Idaho  county  should  truly 
be  classed  as  one  of  the  builders  of  the  county  as  he 
has  made  a  record  that  is  enviable  and  which  mani- 
fests great  capabilities  and  real  worth. 

Peter  H.  Ready  was  born  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  in 
November,  1849,  tne  sop  of  John  Ready.  The  father 
was  born  in  Ireland  and  was  a  pioneer  in  Michigan. 
He  married  Miss  Smith  and  in  1856  was  called  to  pass 
the  river  of  death.  The  mother  died  in  1854.  Ou 
subject  was  raised  by  his  stepmother  until  quite  a  lac 
and  then  went  to  do"  for  himself.  He  is  a  self  made 
man  and  secured  his  early  education  by  hard  applica 
tion.  His  first  work  was  in  the  woods  of  Michigar 
and  in  1864  he  came  to  Denver,  Colorado,  and  operated 
in  the  mines.  In  1865  he  came  to  Montana  after  his 
labors  in  Colorado,  and  participated  in  the  i 
ment  in  the  Alder  gulch  region  adjacent  to  Virginia 
City.  He  remained  there  until  1869  and  the  following 
year  came  to  Camas  prairie.  In  1872  Mr.  Ready  took 
a  preemption  claim  and  later  a  homestead  adjoining 
it,  where  he  gave  his  attention  to  farming  and  i  ' 
ing  stock.  Later  Mr.  Ready  sold  this  '. 
and  has  bought  and  sold  considerable  land  in 
the  county  since.  He  has  also  giver 
attention  to  raising  cattle  with  the  farming 
and  is  now  more  retired  from  active  business 
dwelling  in  Grangeville.  He  is  now  loaning  mone^ 
and  also  interested  in  any  kind  of  enterprise  that  com- 
mends itself  to  his  judgment.  Mr.  Ready  has  on 
brother,  John,  and  one  sister,  Mary  A.  Hic'kie.  Fot 
merly  he  was  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  wa 
representative  to  the  grand  lodge  but  is  not  a  member 
now.  Mr.  Ready  was  constable  of  his  precinct  an< 
has  always  manifested  a  good  interest  in  the  affair 
of  the  county  and  state;  in  political  alliances  is  with 
the  Republicans.  He  was  an  active  participant  in  the 
Indian  war  and  was  at  that  time  engaged  in  freighting- 
from  Lewiston  to  Mt.  Idaho.  His  wagons  were  cap- 


ISAAC  ZEHNER. 


PETER  H.  READY. 


NATHANIEL  B.  PETTIBONE. 


JOSEPH  PFEUFER. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


565 


tured  and  robbed,  he  took  his  leaders  and  made  for  his 
ranch  to  secure  arms  when  he  discovered  the  Indians. 
In  other  parts  of  the  struggle  he  was  prominently  con- 
nected and  a  full  account  of  it  is  given  in  the  work 
elsewhere.  Mr.  Ready  is  a  man  whose  life  of  upright- 
ness and  good  business  enterprise  has  commended 
him  to  the  people  and  he  has  hosts  of  friends  from 
every  quarter  and  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all. 


NATHANIEL  B.  PETTIBONE  is  the  senior 
I  member  of  the  firm  of  Strecker  &  Pettibone,  general 
1  merchants  of  Stites,  and  in  his  capacity  he  is  well 
I  known ;  he  is  also  prominent  in  the  townsite  company 
C  which  located  and  started  Stites,  being  now  one  of 
|  the  leading  and  prominent  men  of  the  thriving  town, 
which  he  established. 

Nathaniel  B.  Pettibone  was  born  in  Warsaw,  Illi- 
Inois,  on  July  10,  1868,  being  the  son  of  Cephas  and 
I  Amelia   (Belcher)    Pettibone.     The  father  died  when 
I  our  subject  was  four  years  old.     The  mother  was  a 
I  native  of  Cork,  Ireland,  and  died  in   1890,  in  Jack- 
I  sonville,   Illinois.     Our  subject  was  the  youngest  of 
I  ten  children  and  was  reared  in  Sciota,  Illinois,  where 
he  graduated  from  the  high  school  when  he  was  nine- 
teen.   Then  he  went  to  New  Mexico  and  mined  for  a 
i  time,  coming  thence  to  Idaho,  where  he  wrought  in 
j[.  Elk  City  district.     He  opened  up  the  Iron  Crown  and 
I  paid  dividends  for  a  number  of  years.     He  has  been 
interested  in  some  of  the  leading  properties  of  Idaho 
t  and  is  now  owner  and  part  owner  of  many  good  prop- 
5  cities  in  Buffalo  Hump,  Thunder  Mountain,  Elk,  and 
other  districts.    He  gave  himself  to  mining  until  1900 
[  and  then  organized  the  townsite  company  which  lo- 
cated and  started  the  town  of  Stites.     He  opened  the 
f  first  business  house  in  the  town  in  1900.     Then  Mr. 
Pettibone  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Strecker  and 
they  have  operated  a  general  merchandise  store  since. 
Mr.  Pettibone  is  also  in  partnership  with  James  Jump 
1  and  Len  McGill,  both  of  Peck,  and  together  they  built 
;   the  telephone  line  to  Grangeville.     Mr.  Pettibone  has 
four  brothers  and  one  sister  living:  Henry,  Hurley, 
I  Lee  C,  Rufus,  Ella  Mecham. 

At  Mount  Idaho,  on  July  7,  1897,  Mr.  Pettibone 

>   married    Miss    Mary    E..    daughter   of    Franklin    and 

Elizabeth    (Shearer)    Shissler,  who  are  mentioned  in 

i  this  volume.     Mrs.  Pettibone  was  born  in  Mount  Ida- 

I  ho,  on  July  27.  1879,  and  has  the  following  brothers 

and   sisters:    Frederick.    Harry,    George,   John,   Susie 

Ingram.     Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  couple, 

Franklin  T..  Levi  N.     Mr.  Pettibone's  father  was  in 

f  Vista.     Mr.   Pettibone  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.   O. 

I  F.,  Stites  Lodge.  No.  87,  also  of  the  W.  W.  Mr. 
Pettibone  is  one  of  the  reliable  and  substantial  busi- 
ness men  of  the  county,  is  respected  and  esteemed  by 
all  and  is  enterprising  and  up-to-date ;  he  and  his  ex- 
cellent wife  are  leading  members  of  society  and  have 
the  good  will  and  admiration  of  a  large  circle  of 
friends. 


JOSEPH  PFEUFER  is  a  leading  merchant  of 
Grangeville  and  has  for  nearly  a  decade  conducted 
a  successful  business  here,  has  made  for  himself  a 
first-class  standing  and  is  a  man  of  ability  and  stirring 
energy. 

Joseph  Pfeufer  was  born  in  Comfort,  Texas,  on 
April  28,  1859,  tne  son  °f  \''eit  ancl  Eugenia  (Jocke) 
Pfeufer,  natives  of  Bavaria  and  born  in  1829  and 
1834,  respectively.  The  father  died  in  November,' 
1002.  He  was  educated  for  the  priesthood  but 
changed  his  mind  and  came  to  the  United  States  and 
took  up  stock  raising  in  Texas.  He  sympathized  with 
the  Union  in  the  Civil  war  and  rendered  it  material 
aid.  He  settled  in  Texas  in  1854  and  became  a  promi- 
nent man  in  his  section,  both  as  a  leader  and  an  edu- 
cator. The  mother  still  lives  in  Texas  and  is  a  woman 
of  culture  and  excellent  education,  coming  from  a  lit- 
trary  family.  Her  father  was  a  prominent  editor  in 
Bavaria.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  Texas 
and  received  his  early  education  there,  being  also  well 
trained  by  faithful  instruction  from  his  parents.  He 
followed  stock  raising  with  his  father  until  he  was 
twenty-three  and  then  took  .up  the  merchant's  life, 
in  1891  he  came  west  and  visited  various  sections,  re- 
turning home  in  1893.  The  next  year  he  came  to 
Grangeville..  opened  a  general  merchandise  business 
and  here  he  has  remained  since,  devoting  himself  to 
his  business  with  an  assiduity  and  skill,  coupled  with 
uprightness  and  kind  treatment  to  all,  which  have 
brought  to  his  door  a  thriving  patronage.  Mr.  Pfeu- 
fer is  one  of  the  substantial  men  and  has  always  la- 
bored for  the  advancement  and  growth  of  the  town 

In  the  fall  of  1894,  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
Pfeufer  and  Miss  Barbara,  daughter  of  C.  and  Anna 
\Y under,  natives  of  Bavaria  and  now  living  in  Seat- 
tle. The  father  was  a  pioneer  of  the  Pacific  coast, 
settling  in  Seattle  in  1875;  he  conducted  a  furniture 
business  until  his  death.  Mrs.  Pfeufer,  who  was  a 
teacher,  was  born  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  in  1869 
and  has  two  sisters,  Rosa  and  Gertrude.  Mr.  Pfeu- 
fer has  one  brother  and  two  sisters:  Alfred.  Rosa, 
Lina.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  couple, 
Philip  and  Rosa.  Mr.  Pfeufer  is  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.  He  is  an  active  Republican.  Mrs.  Pfeufer  be- 
longs to  the  Catholic  church  and  Rebekah  Lodge.  In 
addition  to  his  business,  Mr.  Pfeufer  owns  the  Ever- 
green mines  on  the  Clearwater,  and  also  other  prop- 


LIXCOLN  L.  PHILLIPS  has  spent  most  of  his 
life  in  northern  Idaho  and  is  practically  a  product  of 


and  owns  and  operates  a  wood  saw  and  a  merry-go- 
round.  He  is  an  engineer  and  pays  especial  atention 
to  his  trade  in  various  capacites.  He  was  born  in  Blue 
Earth,  Minnesota,  on  February  22.  1868,  the  son  of 
William  and  Fanslina  (Merrill)  Phillips.  The  father 
was  born  in  New  York  in  1827  and  was  a  pioneer  in 
both  Minnesota  and  Idaho.  He  enlisted  in  the  Civil 
war  from  Minnesota  and  participated  in  the  wars  with 


566 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  Sioux  under  General  Sibley ;  in  one  engagement 
they  fought  three  days  and  were  entirely  surrounded 
by  the  savages.  He  is  living  at  present  in  Levviston. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Xew  York  in 
1837  and  died  in  1875.  ^ur  subject  came  to  Nez 
Perces  county  with  his  parents  in  1876  and  here  was 
educated  and'  grew  to  manhood.  The  father  was  a 
railroad  engineer  and  our  subject  learned  the  art 
from  him.  They  settled  near  Genesee,  and  during  the 
Indian  troubles  went  to  Lewiston.  Our  subject  came 
to  Grangeville  in  1890  and  since  that  time  he  has  con- 
tinued here,  following  his  trade  and  doing  machine 
work. 

On  November  25,  1891,  Mr.  Phillips  married  Olive 
Short,  the  daughter  of  John  and  Amelia  (Combs) 
Short.  The  father  was  a  miner  born  in  Ohio  and 
a  soldier  in  the  Civil  war.  He  was  wounded  in  the 
service  and  died  in  1871.  His  widow  died  in  1887. 
She  was  a  native  of  Connecticut.  Mrs.  Phillips  was 
born  in  Utah  in  1867.  Mr.  Phillips  has  one  sister, 
Mrs.  Alice  J.  Cox.  The  following  named  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phillips :  Emma,  Josephine, 
George,  Williams,  Clark,  John.  Mrs.  Phillips  has 
one  son,  Frank  O'Conner,  by  her  first  husband.  Our 
subject  and  his  wife  adhere 'to  the  Seventh  Day  Ad- 
ventist  denomination.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican 
and  active  in  the  interests  of  advancement  and  pro- 
gression. 


WILLIAM  VON  BERGE  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial and  active  men  of  Grangeville  and  has  displayed 
excellent  ability  to  make  a  thriving  and  prosperous 
business  from  a  small  start.  He  is  handling  the  brew- 
ery plant  which  he  owns,  while  he  also  has  five  hun- 
dred and  fifty  acres  of  land  in  the  fertile  sections  of  the 
prairie.  Mr.  Von  Berge  also  conducts  a  brewery  sa- 
loon in  Grangeville  and  one  in  Denver.  He  was  born 
in  Cook  county,  Illinois,  on  March  16,  1852,  the  son 
of  Frederick  and  Magdalena  (Rodehorst)  Von  Berge, 
natives  of  Germany.  The  father  was  born  in  1801,  set- 
tled where  Chicago  now  is  in  1846,  and  died  in  1891 
in  Idaho  county,  whither  he  had  come  in  1880.  The 
mother  was  born  in  1814  and  died  in  1880.  Our  sub- 
ject grew  to  manhood  in  Illinois,  where  he  was  edu- 
cated. He  worked  with  his  father  and  brother  in  the 
omnibus  business  and  were  getting  wealthy  and  had  a 
a  fine  business  but  street  car  opposition  broke  them  up 
and  from  1874  to  1878  they  lost  over  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars  in  clean  cash.  Our  subject  came  west 
in  1878  with  a  capital  of  three  hundred  dollars  which 
he  had  gathered  from  the  wreck.  He  took  land  on 
Camas  prairie  and  now  own  the  fine  estate  men- 
tioned. He  at  once  went  to  work  raising  the  fruits  of 
the  field  and  stock  which  continued  until  1889.  In 
1887,  Mr.  Von  Berge  saw  a  first  class  opportunity  to 
start  a  brewery  in  Grangeville.  To  see  for  him  was 
to  act  and  in  1889  the  business  had  assumed  such  pro- 
portions that  he  retired  from  his  farms  and  rented 
them  to  give  his  entire  attention  to  the  business  in 
town.  He  is  now  placing  in  his  plant  an  additional 
steam  engine  and  an  ice  machine. 


HON.  HANNIBAL  F.  JOHNSON  is  a  miner 
and  a  poet  living  ten  miles  up  Rapid  river  from  Pol- 
lock postoffice.  He  was  born  in  Owen  county,  Indiana, 
on  November  20,  1830,  the  son  of  Gabriel  and  Martha 
(Jackson)  Johnson.  The  father,  who  is  a  physician, 
born  in  Kentucky  in  1803  and  died  in  1886,  came 
Oregon  in  1853  and  settled  near  Eugene.  His  people 
were  patriots  in  the  early  American  wars.  His  mother, 
who  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1803  and  died  in  i8i 
had  accompanied  her  husband  across  the  plains.  Our 
subject's  parents  built  the  first  house  in  Carthage,  Mis 
souri,  where  this  son  grew  to  manhood  and  received 
his  education.  He  studied  medicine  with  his  father  but 
not  liking  the  profession  abandoned  it.  He  crossed  the 
plains  with  his  parents,  mined  in  southern  Oregon  and 
fought  in  the  Rogue  river  war  in  Company  E.  under 
Captain  Robert  Williams.  After  his  first  term  of  en- 
listment, while  he  and  five  others  were  returning  to 
re-enlist,  they  were  surrounded  by  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  savages ;  they  all  succeeded  in  escaping  but 
one  poor  unfortunate  who  was  killed.  In  1858  Mr.  John- 
son mined  in  the  Fraser  river  country,  in  1862  he  \ 
in  Florence  and  in  the  same  year  participated  in  the 
first  Buffalo  Hump  excitement.  He  then  went  to 
Warren  and  thence  to  Walla  Walla  and  with  his  cot 
and  cousin's  partner,  Daniel  Jackson,  bought  a  pack 
train  and  took  a  load  to  Auburn,  Oregon.  After  this  he 
packed  to  the  Boise  basin,  over  which  road  he  freighted 
until  1865.  In  the  fall  of  '65  he  loaded  twenty-eight 
animals  and  went  to  Blackfoot.  Montana.  He  sold  out 
and  went  to  mining  on  Carpenter's  bar  and  in  Califor- 
nia gulch.  He  says  that  Mr.  Edwards  took  out  $150,- 
ooo,  and  the  Chaney  brothers  $400,000  from  Confed- 
erate gulch.  In  1868  he  went  to  Leon  creek,  then  to 
Robinson  bar  on  the  Salmon  after  which  he  returned 
to  Shasta,  from  thence  to  Willamette  valley  where  he 
farmed  until  1884.  Then  he  came  into  the  Seven 
Devils  country  and  located  the  Golden  Eagle  frc 
which  was  exhibited  the  richest  ore  at  the  World's 
Fair.  He  then  made  another  trip  to  the  Willamette 
valley,  and  stayed  with  his  father,  who  died  in  if"' 
Subsequent  to  that  he  returned  to  the  Seven  Devils 
country  and  in  1892  was  elected  senator  from  Wash- 
ington county  by  an  overwhelming  majority.  That 
same  year  he  located  the  Ablative  and  Fisher  mi 
from  which  he  has  taken  assays  from  twenty  dollars  to 
twenty-one  thousand,  three  hundred  and  eighty-four 
dollars  per  ton.  He  has  been  offered  thirty-six  thou- 
sand dollars  for  the  claims  but  refused 
Mr.  Johnson  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Mary  J.  McDaniel,  Mahalia  Jacks 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


567 


David  A.,  Pleasant  W.,  Sarah  E.  Rampy, 
Pamelia  Edwards.  Mr.  Johnson  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  a  free  lance  in  politics.  We 
wish  to  remark  also,  as  is  well  known,  that  Mr.  John- 
•  son  has  achieved  considerable  distinction  as  a  poet. 
He  is  familiarly  known  as  the  "Poet  of  the  Seven 
Devils,"  and  his  productions  have  found  their  way  into 
some  of  the  leading  journals  of  the  country.  Mr. 
Johnson  relates  that  in  the  early  days  when  men  made 
rich  strikes  some  very  ludicrous  things  occurred.  He 
remembers  a  man  named  Wiser  who  struck  it  rich  in 
Florence,  taking  out  six  thousand  dollars  and  more  a 
day  for  a  time,  as  being  an  example  of  this  class.  Mr. 
Wiser  hurried  to  Portland  with  his  new  wealth,  char- 
tered a  ship,  hired  singers  at  eight  dollars  a  clay  and 
struck  for  the  open  seas.  Later  Mr.  Johnson  saw  the 
same  man  packing  his  blankets  back  to  Florence  to 
seek  dust  for  a  grubstake. 


JAY  O.  RHOADES  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
stockmen  on'  Salmon  river  and  lives  at  his  fine  ranch 
on  Rapid  river,  a  mile  above  its  mouth.  Mr.  Rhoades 
was  a  native  of  Missouri,  having  been  born  in  Mercer 
county  on  October  31,  1865,  and  is  a  son  of  Daniel  B. 
and  Elizabeth  (Odneal)  Rhoades.  The  father  was  a 
farmer  and  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was 
born  in  1834.  He  early  emigrated  to  Missouri  and  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Mercer  county.  He  went  to 
California  in  1851,  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  entered 
mines,  where  he  speedily  acquired  a  fortune  Thence 
he  returned  east,  via  the  isthmus  and  went  to  Missouri 
where  he  invested  heavily  in  land,  owning  three  thou- 
sand acres  at  one  time.  In  1877,  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  the  scene  of  his  first  mining  work,  remained  there  a 
short  time  and  in  1881  went  to  Spokane  county,  Wash- 
ington. At  present  he  is  living  with  his  son  Jay.  The 
mother's  folks  were  also  pioneers  of  Mercer 'county 
and  originally  came  from  the  eastern  states.  She  de- 
parted from  this  life  in  1878.  Our  subject  received  a 
good  education  in  the  schools  of  Missouri  and  at  the 
age  of  seventeen  began  working  for  himself.  For 
several  years  he  busied  himself  in  various  occupations, 
but  in  1884  commenced  driving  stage  between  Mount 
Idaho  and  Lewiston,  a  position  which  he  filled  with 
credit  for  four  years.  Then  he  entered  the  stock  busi- 
ness, taking  up  land  on  Camas  prairie  near  Cottonwood 
and  herding  his  cattle  on  this  fine  range.  In  1896  the 
settlement  of  the  reservation  forced  him  with  others  to 
seek  a  less  popoulated  district,  and  after  traveling 
through  Montana  and  other  famed  stock  regions,  he 
decided  to  settle  on  the  Salmon  and  accordingly,  with 
C.  E.  Holt,  bought  the  old  Hicky  McLee  place  and  on 
his  own  account  took  up  his  present  home  on  Rapid 
river.  Since  1897  he  has  lived  on  the  latter  place, 
which  he  has  placed  in  a  fine  state  of  development. 
His  herd  of  cattle  numbers  between  1,000  and  1,200. 
Mr.  Rhoades  is  very  sanguine  over  the  resources  and 
prospects  of  his  home  and  believes  that  there  is  no  finer 
fruit,  stock,  alfalfa  and  minrhg  section  to  be  found  than 
that  on  the  Salmon.  He  is  one  of  the  largest  stock 


owners  in  central  Idaho  and  has  shipped  as  many  at 
1,500  cattle  at  one  time. 

July  i,  1900.  marks  the  date  of  his  marriage  to 
Maggie  Clay,  whose  father,  H.  H.  Clay,  is  a  well 
known  stockmen,  farmer  and  freighter  living  on  Race 
creek.  He  is  a  native  of  Washington  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  was  born  October  8,  1853.  Her  grandfather, 
Nicholas,  also  a  son  of  Ohio,  the  place  and  date  of  his 
birth  being  Columbiana  county,  January  i,  1825,  was 
a  pioneer  of  Montgomery  county,  Kansas,  a  veteran  of 
the  Civil  war.  His  father  was  a  patriot  of  1776.  The 
maiden  name  of  Airs.  Rhoades's  mother  was  Rebecca 
Irwin,  and  the  date  of  the  daughter's  birth  is  1880,  the 
place  being  Oregon.  Mr.  Rhoades's  brothers  and  sis- 
ters are  as  follows,  Dr.  R.  R.,  Lafayette  D.,  Lee,  Lon, 
Erie  LTnderwood,  Oscar,  Pollock ;'  two  half-sisters, 
Bertha  Howe,  and  Maud,  and  one  half-brother,  Bert. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rhoades'  home  has  been  brightened  by 
the  advent  of  a  daughter,  Thelma  Ruth,  who  is  five 
months  old.  He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.,  and  a 
very  active  and  prominent  Democrat,  attending  all  the 
caucuses  and  conventions  of  his  party.  At  present  he 
is  serving  as  a  member  of  the  central  committee.  Suc- 
cessful and  respected,  Air.  Rhoades  is  happy  in  his 
fine  home  beside  the  Salmon  and  takes  life  philosophi- 
cally. 

JOHN  O.  LEVANDER,  who  is  postmaster  and 
merchant  at  Goff,  on  the  Salmon  river,  is  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  and  formost  men  of  Idaho  and  is  in- 
timately acquainted  with  all  the  early  excitements  and 
the  inception  of  government  in  the  territory.  He  was 
born  in  Sweden,  on  December  27,  1837,  the  son  of 
Gustave  and  Jane  (Kay)  Levander.  The  father  was  a 
civil  engineer,  born  in  Flanders,  France,  and  went  to 
Sweden  with  Bernadotte,  who  became  King  Charles 
XIV  of  Sweden  and  Norway.  He  was  closely  asso- 
ciated with  the  king  and  held  a  high  position  in  the 
army.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  London, 
in  1796,  June  24,  and  is  now  deceased,  as  is  also  he 


husban. 


Hei 


ish 


n-la 


army.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Sweden  a 
his  college  days  he  went  to  sea  with  his  brothe 
when  he  was  fourteen.  When  sixteen  he  came  to  the 
United  States  and  went  to  Illinois  to  visit  his  brother, 
who  was  a  California  miner,  having  dug  gold  on  Span- 
ish bar,  American  river.  Our  subject  studied  still 
further  in  Illinois  and  became  a  bookkeeper,  then  went 


started  for  Pikes  Peak  but  came  on  to  the  Willamette 
valley.  He  had  a  hard  fight  with  the  Snake  Indians  at 
the  Malheur  river,  near  the  present  agency.  Later  Mr. 
Levander  drove  cattle  to  California,  returning  to  Doug- 
las county  and  later  went  to  Pierce  at  the  time  of  the 
excitement.  He  mined  for  Captain  Pierce,  who  dis- 
covered the  diggings,  and  then  went  to  Boise  basin. 
He  was  on  the  stage  with  Governor  Wallace  and  at- 
tended the  first  county  convention  ever  held  in  Idaho, 
at  Pierce ;  he  refused  to  act  as  delegate  to  the  territorial 
convention  at  the  Meadows.  At  Boise,  Air.  Levander 
freighted  and  also  located  a  ranch.  Three  years  later 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  quit  freighting  and  raised  stock.  In  1884,  he  re- 
moved to  the  Meadows  for  his  wife's  health  and  there 
raised  stock.  He  was  county  commissioner  for  one 
term  and  was  a  member  of  the  first  state  convention. 
In  the  spring  of  1893  he  moved  to  his  present  location 
where  he  secured  a  postoffice  and  established  a  mer- 
cantile house,  and  a  road  station.  Mr.  Levander  was 
prominent  in  getting  the  wagon  road  to  the  little  Sal- 
mon, building  part  of  the  road  by  his  own  contribu- 
tions. He  has  an  excellent  stopping  place,  and  is  a 
popular  resident  of  the  county. 

In  1864.  at  Boise,  Mr.  Levander  married  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Cox,  of  Gentry  county,  Missouri;  this  was 
the  first  marriage  celebrated  in  the  Boise  valley  and  oc- 
curred in  a  tent.  Mr.  Cox  was  a  pioneer  of  Oregon. 
Mrs.  Levander  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters, 
John,  Jesse,  Oliver,  Elvira  Prosser  and  Martha  Teal. 
Mr.  Levander  is  the  youngest  of  this  family  and  his 
only  brother,  Charles  A.,  died  recently.  Mr.  Levander 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church.  He 
is  a  strong  Democrat  and  from  the  early  days  of  the 
'sixties  has  always  been  active  in  political  matters,  al- 
ways being  a  delegate  to  the  conventions.  In  1882  he 
was  chairman  of  the  Washington  county  convention. 


IVAN  D.  LYON  is  a  well  known  business  man  of 
Cottonwood  and  is  now  in  partnership  with  Jesse  Dix- 
on,  ex-sheriff  of  Idaho  county,  operating  the  Elite 
Resort,  a  well  appointed  saloon.  Mr.  Lyon  has  seen 
much  experience  in  the  frontier  regions  of  the  United 
States,  especially  in  the  cattle  towns  and  in  the  cattle 
business;  he  has  shown  himself  a  man  of  energy,  in- 
dustry and  sound  principles. 

Ivan  D.  Lyon  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania, 
on  September  15,  1844,  being  the  son  of  Daniel  and 
Elizabeth  (Weibly)  Lyon,  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  father  was  born  in  1797,  and  died  in  1893.  He 
was  a  machinist  and  served  in  the  Mexican  war.  He 
descended  from  German  parentage.  The  mother  died 
in  1844.  Our  subject  grew  to  the  age  of  fifteen  and 
received  his  education  in  the  native  place.  On  the 
fifteenth  day  of  August,  1862,  he  joined  Company  K, 
Sixteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  immediately  went 
to  the  front  under  General  Greeg,  Colonel  Robinson, 
and  Captain  Day,  and  as  his  record  will  abundantly 
testify,  he  was  at  the  front  all  through  the  awful  strug- 
gle. 'Among  the  many  battles  in  which  he  fought, 
we  may  mention,  Malvern  Hill,  Antietam,  Wilderness, 
Cold  Harbor,  Pittsburg  Landing,  Gettysburg,  Cedar 
Creek,  the  capture  of  Richmand,  Sussex  Courthouse, 
and  numerous  others.  He  was  captured  at  Gettys- 
burg and  held  three  days.  He  was  wounded  at  Mal- 
vern Hill  and  had  a  horse  shot  from  under  him.  He 
was  mustered  out  between  the  sixth  and  the  tenth  of 
June  at  Lynchburg  and  received  his  discharge  at  For- 
tress Monroe.  He  immediately  went  home  and  in  the 
spring  of  1866,  went  to  Kansas,  thence  to  Texas  and 
for  twelve  years  rode  the  range  and  was  personally 
familiar  with  the  early  cattle  towns  and  the  ways  of 
the  west ;  he  knew  Buffalo  Bill,  Wild  Bill  and  other 


border  celebrities.  Mr.  Lyon  also  engaged  in  the  cat- 
tle business  himself  and  in  1878  went  to  Arkansas 
and  handled  a  large  ranch  for  six  years.  Then  came 
a  trip  to  Idaho  and  in  1884  he  settled  in  Cottonwood, 
where  he  raised  cattle  for  several  years  and  also  engag- 
ed in  the  livery  business:  in  1900  he  purchased  his 
present  business. 

In  1877,  in  Arkansas,  Mr.  Lyon  married  Miss 
Josephine  Wood  and  to  them  were  born  one  son  and 
four  daughters:  Lee,  deceased,  Ollie  Robbins,  Myr- 
tle, Laura,  Minnie.  On  October  20,  1893,  Mrs-  Lyon 
was  called  from  her  home  and  family  by  death.  On 
November  27,  1902,  Mr.  Lyon  married  Mrs.  .Alex- 
andra E.  (Kelly)  Woods,  who  was  born  in  London, 
England.  She  has  two  children  by  a  former  marri- 
age, Charlie  and  Gertrude.  Her  father,  John  Kelly, 
Esquire,  was  a  publisher  at  1617  Paternoster  Row, 
London.  This  publishing  business  was  bequeathed 
to  him  by  alderman  Kelly,  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 
He  walked  into  London  with  a  pack  on  his  back.  His 
wife  was  Caroline  Child.  This  daughter  was  born 
on  the  day  King  Edward  VII  married  Princess  Alex- 
andra, of  Denmark,  March  10,  1863.  Mrs.  Lyon  was 
highly  educated,  being  a  graduate  of  Queen's  College, 
London,  after  which  she  spent  two  years  in  Germany 
and  one  in  Paris,  taking  special  courses  in  music,  in 
which  art  she  is  highly  talented.  In  addition  to  these 
accomplishments,  Mrs.  Lyon  is  a  fluent  linguist,  speak- 
ing German,  French  and  English.  She  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1892.  Mr.  Lyon  is  a  strong  Demo- 
crat and  an  influential  man  in  his  party.  Although 
his  services  amply  demand  it,  still  he  has  never  applied 
for  a  pension  from  the  government. 


WILLIAM  H.  SHORT  lives  two  and  one-half 
miles  up  the  big  Salmon  river  from  Riggings  and  de- 
votes his  attention  to  mining  and  stockraising.  He  was 
born  in  Massachusetts.  August  16,  1833,  the  son  of 
Henry  Summer  and  Clarissa  (Richmond)  Short,  na- 
tives of  Massachusetts.  His  father  was  a  machinist 
and  also  a  minister  in  the  Baptist  church.  The  ances- 
tors of  the  family  were  patriots  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  The  Old  Bay  state  remained  the  home  of  our 
subject  until  he  was" twenty-one  years  old,  during  which 
time  he  had  received  a  good  education  and  learned  the 
trade  of  a  ship  carpenter.  In  October.  1853.  he  crossed 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama  to  California  and  mined  in 
Placer,  Siskiyou.  Klamath  and  Trinity  counties.  In 
1863  he  went  to  Canyon  City,  Oregon';  thence  to  The 
Dalles  and  the  next  year  came  to  Warren  and  engaged 
in  mining.  He  also  delved  for  gold  in  Florence  and 
then  returned  to  Warren  until  1872  when  he  journeyed 
to  British  Columbia,  and  mined  three  years.  He  spent 
three  winters  in  Sitka,  one  winter  in  Victoria,  and  one 
in  Portland.  In  1876,  when  he  was  going  to  Sitka  to 
winter,  the  the  rest  of  his  party  went  to  San  Francisco 
in  the  ship  Northern  and  all  were  lost  at  sea.  In  the 
fall  and  winter  of  1877  we  find  him  in  Santa  Barbara, 
California.  The  next  year  he  returned  to  Florence  and 
mined.  In  the  fall  of  '1879  he  came  down  the  Big  Sal- 


IVAN  D.  LYON. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


569 


mon  and  bought  his  present  mining  claims,  which  he 
has  worked  since.  Late  years  Mr.  Short  has  raised 
considerable  stock.  He  was  part  owner  in  one  mine  in 
Warren  that  produced  three  thousand  dollars  a  week, 
for  some  weeks.  He  says  Bemis,  Sanderson  Rice  and 
Culver  took  out  more  gold  than  any  one  else  in  the 
-early  days. 

In  180.3  Mr.  Short  married  Miss  Samantha  A., 
daughter  of  Thomas  B.  and  Catherine  (Cartwright) 
Curtis.  The  father  was  born  in  Tennessee  and  lives 
in  Meadows,  Idaho,  where  also  the  mother  is  living. 
Mrs.  Short  was  born  in  Arkansas  in  1876  and  has  five 
"brothers,  Charles,  James,  Richard,  Arthur,  Samuel. 
Mr.  Short  has  two  brothers,  James  M.'and  George  R. 
Two  children  are  the  fruit  of  this  marriage,  Martha, 
.aged  nine,  and  Clarissa,  aged  seven.  Mr.  Short  is  a 
Republican  and  votes  it  straight.  He  has  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  placer  ground  and  other  property. 

In  the  fall  of  1865  Mr.  Short,  James  Stratton  and 
Michael  Deasy  bought  the  claim  where  Mr.  Short  now 
lives.  They  started  down  to  John  Goff's  place,  where 
•Goff  is  now  built,  and  it  being  the  year  of  the  deepest 
snow  known,  there  were  many  slides.  Messrs.  Strat- 
ton and  Short  were  in  the  lead  and  they  slipped  down  a 
little  pit  and  just  then  a  snow  slide  came  that  caught 
James  Stratton  and  carried  him  nearly  across  the  Sal- 
mon river.  He  arose  to  the  top  of  the  snow,  faced  and 


RICHARD  L.  RIGGINS  is  proprietor  of  the  Rig- 
gins  Hotel,  conducts  a  blacksmith  shop,  runs  a  feed 
barn  and  is  postmaster  at  Riggins,  Idaho.  He  was  born 
near  Grangeville,  Idaho,  May  21,  1876.  His  father, 
John  T.  Riggins,  a  native  of  Missouri,  was  a 
farmer  and  blacksmith,  who  came  to  Camas  prairie 
in  1869.  The  mother  of  Richard  was  Asenath  (Wit- 
mot)  "Riggins.  The  native  place  of  our  subject 
was  the  scene  of  his  early  studies  and  there  he  re- 
mained until  manhood's  estate  was  reached.  He  spent 
two  years  in  the  state  university  at  Moscow,  preparing 
himself  for  a  civil  engineer,  but  owing  to  stringent1 
financial  conditions  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  his 
project  before  receiving  his  degree.  In  1895  he  went 
to  driving  stage  on  the  Salmon  route ;  then  farmed  and 
freighted  until  March,  1901,  when  he  came  to  his 
present  location,  secured  a  postoffice  and  started  a 

On  ]une  13,  1897,  Mr.  Riggins  married  Miss 
Ethel  Jones.  Her  parents.  Henry  S.  and  Nancy 
(Crow)  Jones,  resided  near  Tolo  and  were  natives  of 
Virginia.  Her  father  served  in  the  Confederate  army 
and  died  July  29,  1901.  The  mother  is  still  living. 
Mrs.  Riggins  was  born  in  Oregon  in  1878  and  has 
three  brothers  and  one  sister.  Mr.  Riggins  has  one 
sister  and  three  brothers:  Allie  McCready,  Fred, 
Arthur,  Carl.  One  child,  Henrietta,  has  been  born  to 
•our  subject  and  his  wife. 

Mr.  Riggins  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  is  a 
justice  of  the  peace  and  in  politics  is  a  Republican. 
He  hauled  the  first  wagon  load  of  freight  ever  brought 


into  Florence  for  Fitzgerald,  the  discoverer  of  the 
Ozark  mine.  Mr.  Riggins  is  a  member  of  the  Pioneer 
Association  at  Grangeville  and  is  a  good  and  sub- 
stantial man. 


ALBERT  F.  NURSS  is  the  well  known  ice  man 
of  Grangeville,  who  also  owns  a  good  farm,  which  is 
the  spot  on  which  Howard  erected  headquarters  in 
1877  and  a  part  of  the  edifice  is  used  by  Mr.  Nurss 
as  a  residence.  He  was  born  in  New  York  in  1855, 
and  is  the  son  of  Jard  and  Hulda  J.  (Blakesley) 
Nurss.  The  mother  was  born  in  1836  and  died  in 
1902.  The  family  removed  to  Illinois  when  our  sub- 
ject was  young  and  he  was  raised  mostly  by  his  rela- 
tives. When  twenty-three  he  went  to  Kansas  and 
worked  for  a  year,  then  he  went  to  Nebraska  and  one 
year  later  found  him  in  the  famous  Wood  river  coun- 
try of  southern  Idaho.  Wrhen  he  came  here  in  the  fall 
of  1882,  there  was  still  excitement  regarding  the  In- 
dians. After  renting  land  and  selling  the  crop  he 
wrote  to  the  land  department  of  the  United  States 
regarding  this  famous  camp  Howard  and  finding  it 
subject  to  entry  he  took  it  as  a  preemption  and  later 
filed  a  homestead  right  on  it.  For  seventeen  years 
Mr.  Nurss  has  been  in  the  ice  business  in  addition  to 
handling  his  farm,  now  having  a  regular  wagon  and 
delivers  to  the  people  of  Grangeville,  enjoying  a  thriv- 
ing trade. 

In  Illinois,  in  1877,  Mr.  Nurss  married  Miss  Nora, 
daughter  of  J.  M.  Davis,  a  pioneer  of  Illinois.  Mrs. 
Nurss  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1860  and  has  two 
brothers  and  three  sisters,  who  are  all  living  in  the 
east  except  one,  in  Idaho  county,  who  came  as  a 
pioneer  here  in  the  early  sixties.  Mr.  Nurss  has  five 
brothers  and  sisters  all  deceased.  The  following 
named  children  have  been  born  to  them :  Roy  E., 
Mary  McLean.  Dora.  Gracie  Bickford,  Allen.  Harvey, 
Effie.  Mr.  Nurss  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W..  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  a  Democrat.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  school  board  for  seven  years.  Mrs.  Nurss  is  a 
devout  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 


EDGAR  W.  LEVANDER  lives  at  Goff,  Idaho, 
where  he  does  a  general  farming  business,  also  mines, 
manages  a  ferry  and  runs  a  blacksmith  shop.  Mr. 
Levander  is  a  busy  man,  one  of  the  prosperous  citi- 
zens of  the  count/  and  in  exceHent  standing  with  all 
who  know  him.  'He  was  born  in  Umatilla  county, 
Oregon,  on  April  16,  1869.  the  son  of  John  O.  and 
Sarah  (Cox)  Levander.  The  father  is  the  postmaster 
at  Goff  and  devotes  his  attention  to  mining.  He  was 
a.  pioneer  to  Oregon  in  1861  and  the  following  year 
mined  at  Oro  Fino  and  in  1865  in  the  Boise  basin. 
He  is  a  native  of  Sweden  and  settled  in  his  present 
location  in  1894.  The  mother  was  born  in  Missouri 
and  still  lives  at  Goff.  Our  subject  was  but  an  infant 
when  the  parents  moved  to  Idaho  the  last  time,  and 
spent  the  first  fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  the  Boise 
basin,  where  he  gained  his  education.  Then  they 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


moved  to  the  Salmon  meadows  in  Washington  county, 
where  he  assisted  his  father  in  handling  cattle.  When 
he  became  of  age  he  commenced  operations  inde- 
pendently with  a  fine  start  of  a  good  bunch  of  cattle. 
In  1893  he  came  up  the  Salmon  and  took  a  claim  near 
Slate  creek,  where  he  devoted  himself  to  general  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising  until  1899,  in  which  year  he  came 
to  Goff  and  put  on  the  ferry  that  he  is  now  operating 
here.  Mr.  Levander  also  took  a  mining  claim  and 
built  a  blacksmith  shop. 

On  July  2,  1891,  Mr.  Levander  married  Miss  May, 
daughter  of  John  A.  and  Minerva  (Whited)  Richard- 
son. The  father  was  a  stockman  and  a  native  of 
Illinois.  He  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  to  the  coast 
and  mined  in  Florence,  Warren  and  other  Idaho 
camps.  His  death  occurred  in  1900.  The  mother  is 
still  living.  Mrs.  Levander  was  born  in  Baker  county, 
Oregon,  in  1872  and  has  four  brothers  and  one  sister: 
George,  Clarence,  Harland,  Clara,  Wallace.  Mr. 
Levander  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Emma,  Eva,  Anna,  Homer,  Ella,  Vergil,  Celestia.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Levander  have  four  children:  Edith,  Edna, 
Leroy,  Hazel.  In  political  matters  our  subject  is  a 
strong  Democrat.  In  addition  to  his  holdings  at 
Goff  he  has  a  fine  ranch  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  near  Slate  creek  besides  other  property. 


ALFRED  H.  BISHOP  is  one  of  the  prominent 
mining  men  of  Idaho  county,  being  president  of  the 
Mikado  Mining  and  Mill  Company  and  also  interested 
in  many  other  propositions  in  Florence  and  other  dis- 
tricts, the  properties  including  both  placer  and  quartz. 
He  was  born  in  Carroll  county,  Indiana,  on  October  27, 
1839,  the  son  of  Walker  H.  and  Rachel  (Clark)  Bishop. 
The  father  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1812  and  died  in 
1897.  He  was  a  pioneer  in  Iowa  in  1853,  Butler  coun- 
ty, and  participated  in  the  Black  Hawk  Indian  war.  He 
was  sheriff  of  Butler  county  for  twelve  consecutive 
years.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1815  and  died 
in  1888.  She  came  of  Irish  ancestry  and  her  father 
was  born  in  Ireland,  Our  subject  went  to  Butler  coun- 
ty with  his  parents,  and  in  that  Iowa  home  he  secured 
his  main  education  and  also  learned  the  art  of  the 
carpenter  and  builder.  In  1861  he  pressed  to  the  front 
for  the  defense  of  his  country  and  enlisted  in  Company 
I,  Third  Iowa  Infantry,  on  June  10.  He  went  in  as 
private  and  served  until  February  10.  1863.  and  re- 
ceived an  honorable  discharge.  He  enlisted  at  once  in 
Company  G,  Thirty-second  Iowa,  where  he  served  until 
July  29,  1865,  He  was  promoted  to  sergeant  in  1863 
and  to  first  'sergeant  soon  after.  Mr.  Bishop  served 
faithfully  through  many  battles  and  was  active  during 
the  whole  period.  Following  the  war  he  returned  to 
his  home  and  remained  in  Iowa  until  1874,  traveled 
around  some  and  went  to  Dakota  and  in  1881  he  lo- 
cated land  at  Dayton,  Columbia  county,  Washington. 
Mr.  Bishop  farmed  and  did  contracting  there  until 
1895,  when  he  made  his  advent  to  Idaho  county.  He 
at  once  gave  his  attention  to  mining  and  at  this  indus- 
try he  has  continued  since.  In  1900,  Mr.  Bishop  was 


elected  county  commissioner  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
•and  gave  a  good  administration. 

In  1862,  Mr.  Bishop  married  Miss  Rose  Poisall, 
who  was  born  and  raised  in  Richmond,  Virginia.  Her 
father,  Peter  Poisall,  was  chosen  as  a  juryman  to  try 
John  Brown,  he  having  removed  to  Harper's  Ferry 
about  the  time  of  the  John  Brown  raid.  But  Mr.  Pois- 
all refused  to  act.  To  Mr.  and  Airs.  Bishop  there  were 
born  three  children,  Bell  M.  Skelton,  in  Mt.  Idaho; 
Bessie  Nesbon ,  Harry,  an  electrician  in  Alaska.  Mr. 
Bishop  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters, 
William  C.,  Charles,  Philander,  Sophia  Sherburn.  Mr. 
Bishop  is  a  man  of  excellent  qualifications,  has  had  a 
large  experience  in  the  affairs  of  the  business  world 
and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  citizens  of  the 


JUDGE  JOSEPH  K.  VINCENT,  ex-probate 
judge  of  Idaho  county  and  one  of  the  well  known  and 
leading  figures  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state  for 
years,  is  now  dwelling  at  Mt.  Idaho,  where  he  enjoys 
the  distinction  and  prestige  due  for  years  of  meritor- 
ious service  and  an  honorable  upright  walk.  He  was 
born  in  Salem,  Massachusetts,  on  June  26,  1822,  the 
son  of  Joseph  and  Lettie  (Pease)  Vincent,  natives  of 
the  Bay  state  also.  The  father,  who  was  a  sailor,  was 
murdered  in  the  West  Indies.  The  mother  died  in 
Massachusetts.  The  ancestors  of  both  sides  of  the 
house  were  of  the  stanch  Yankees  who  formed  and  sus- 
tained this  great  nation.  Our  subject  grew  to  man- 
hood in  his  native  place,  received  educational  training 
from  the  public  schools,  and  also  learned  the  art  of 
printing  and  carpentering  there.  In  1849  he  came  to 
California,  remaining  until  January,  1855,  then  he  went 
to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  thence  to  Oregon,  where  he 
mined  and  then  joined  the  volunteers  to  fight  the  Rogue 
river  Indians.  The  savages  held  him  captive  five  days 
before  he  was  rescued  when  it  was  found  that  his  feet 
and  legs  were  badly  frozen.  At  the  time  of  the  Civil 
war  he  enlisted  again  and  was  stationed  at  Ft.  Lap- 
wai  where  he  did  duty  for  three  years  and  three 
months.  In  1865  we  find  him  in  Lewiston,  then  he  was 
post  sutler  arid  later  police  judge  at  Lewiston.  At  the 
time  of  the  Indian  war  he  volunteered  and  fought  un- 
der General  McConville  and  later  was  provost  judge 
under  one  of  the  commanders.  In  1888,  Mr.  Vincent 
came  to  Cottonwood  and  operated  the  hotel  for  a  couple 
of  years  and  in  June,  1891,  came  to  Mt.  Idaho  and  here 
operated  a  hotel  for  six  years.  Here  he  was  elected 
probate  judge  for  two  years  and  was  nominated  again 
later  but  went  down  with  his  party.  For  forty  years 
Mr.  Vincent  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  and  was 
bailiff  of  the  court  for  several  years. 

On  December  25,  1865,  Mr.  Vincent  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  M.,  daughter  of  Alonzo  and  Rachel  (Bliss) 
Leland.  The  father  was  an  old  Oregon  pioneer  and 
was  editor  and  postmaster  in  Portland  for  years.  He 
came  to  Lewiston  in  1861  and  was  a  prominent  man 
there.  He  was  born  in  Vermont  and  died  in  March, 
1898.  Mrs.  Leland  was  born  in  Rhode  Island  and  died 
in  1895.  Mrs.  Vincent  was  born  in  Pawtucket,  Rhode 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Island.  She  has  one  brother,  Charles  F.,  in  Grange- 
ville.  The  following  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Vincent,  Joseph  S.,  William  H.,  in  Mt. 
Idaho ;  Alonzo  P.,  in  Seattle ;  Lettie  R.,  in  California ; 
Edward  S.,  in  Grangeville;  Charles  F.,  deceased; 
Harry  G.,  Alida  M.,  Tamany  C,  all  in  Grangeville. 
Mr.  Vincent  belongs  to  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  he  and  his 
wife  affiliates  with  the  Episcopalian  church.  He  is  an 
active  Republican  and  an  influential  spirit  in  the  politi- 
cal realm.  Mr.  Vincent  had  the  contract  to  transfer 
the  bones  of  the  soldiers  to  Walla  Walla.  The  remains 
were  exhumed  and  transferred  in  the  fall  of  1890.  He 
believes  fifty-six  soldiers  and  three  officers  were  killed 
in  the  Indian  war. 


WILLIAM  J.  WILSON,  a  miner  at  Freedom 
postoffice  on  the  Salmon,  is  one  of  the  well  known 
and  highly  esteemed  veterans  and  pioneers  of  this 
country.  His  career  shows  ability,  courage  and  in- 
tegrity and  he  has  ever  manifested  that  uprightness 

good.  He  was  born  in  Londonderry,  Ireland,  May  24, 
1819,  the  son  of  John  and  Martha  J.  (Wilson)  Wilson, 
natives  of  Ireland  and  Scotland  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  stockman  on  Belahand  mountains  and  he 
and  his  wife  came  to  New  Brunswick  in  1829,  both 
being  long  since  deceased.  Our  subject  was  reared 
and  educated  in  the  North  American  home  and  in  due 
time  was  apprenticed  to  a  marble  cutter.  Just  before 
he  finished  this  trade  he  came  to  the  United  States  and 
enlisted  in  Company  E,  Second  Missouri,  Light  Ar- 
tillery, in  1863,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Washington 
at  the  time  of  the  grand  review  in  1865.  Mr.  Wilson 
is  rightly  a  great  admirer  of  the  noble  man,  Lincoln. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  came  to  Montana,  then 
on  to  W7ild  Horse,  British  Columbia.  In  1876  he  came 
into  Florence  and  was  there  at  the  time  of  the  Indian 
outbreak  the  next  year.  He  was  one  of  the  twelve  men 
who  came  with  Tolo  to  the  rescue  of  the  settlers  on 
Slate  creek.  Among  others  in  the  company  were 
Philip  Cleary,  Jim  Carey,  Ike  Orcutt,  I.  T.  Johnson, 
Griffith  Roberts,  Mike  Deasy,  and  John  Hickey.  Our 
subject  is  justly  called  Captain  Wilson,  for  at  this 
critical  time  he  outlined  the  fortifications  which  he 
assisted  to  construct  on  Slate  creek,  which  afterward 
were  very  well  spoken  of  by  military  men  and  owing 
to  their  strength  doubtless  kept  the  Indians  at  bay. 
Mox  Mox  and  Captain  John  tried  to  inspect  the  forti- 
fications, but  they  were  not  allowed  to  dp  so.  Old  Mr. 
Shoemaker  brought  Mrs.  Osborne's  child  here  on  his 
back  and  told  them  that  Mrs.  Osborne  and  Mrs.  Walsh 
were  making  their  way  toward  the  fort.  Captain  Wil- 
son immediately  volunteered  to  go  and  meet  them; 
later  Sam  Pell  went  with  him  and  after  they  had  gone 
a  short  distance,  the  others  coming;  to  their  assistance, 
they  rescued  the  women.  An  account  of  this  was  pub- 
lished in  one  of  the  Walla  Walla  papers  and  reflects 
great  credit  on  Captain  Wilson.  Mr.  Wilson  is  credited 
with  having  discovered  the  Slate  creek  mines  which 
yielded  twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  He  is  still  min- 
ing, having  a  good  quartz  claim  in  Florence,  besides 


other  property.  He  is  a  Republican  and  receives  from 
the  government  a  slight  acknowledgment  of  his  faith- 
ful services  in  the  Rebellion  in  the  form  of  a  pension. 


ANDREW  HANSEN.  Three  miles  down  the 
river  from  Lucile,  Idaho,  is  the  home  of  the  subject  of 
this  article.  He  is  one  of  the  successful  miners  of 
Idaho  county  and  in  addition  to  handling  this  industry, 
is  the  official  road  overseer  of  his  district.  He  has  in 
charge  twenty-three  miles  of  road  and  twenty  miles  of 
trail.  Andrew  Hansen  was  born  in  Denmark,  1835, 
the  son  of  Hans  and  Mary  (Nelson)  Hansen,  both  na- 
tives of  Denmark  now  deceased.  When  Andrew  was 
twelve  years  of  age  he  left  his  home  and  took  up  the 
rugged  life  before  the  mast.  He  sailed  in  every  clime, 
on  all  seas  and  when  in  Lima,  Peru,  he  heard  of  the 
death  of  his  father.  His  education  was  received  by 
close  personal  application  in  various  places  of  the 
world.  He  was  in  Greenland  and  in  1849  came  thence 
to  the  United  States.  For  three  years  he  had  head- 
quarters at  Cincinnati  and  operated  a  river  steamer. 
In  1854  we  find  him  digging  in  the  golden  sands  of 
Placer  county,  California,  and  they  held  his  labor  un- 
til 1858.  Going  to  Navada,  he  worked  in  the  Corn- 
stock  mine  until  1860.  Wre  next  find  him  in  The 
Dalles,  Oregon,  and  in  the  spring  of  1861,  he,  with 
others,  crossed  the  Blue  mountains  to  the  Burnt  river 
district,  which  he  says  was  the  hardest  trip  he  ever  ex- 
perienced during  his  extensive  pilgrimage,  at  one  time 
paying  one  hundred  dollars  for  a  sack  of  flour.  Then 
came  the  pilgrimage  to  Florence  and  later  to  Warren, 
where  he  remained  until  1871.  Mr.  Hansen,  in  part- 
nership with  Tom  Pollock,  was  very  successful  in  his 
mining  ventures  in  Warren.  In  1871  he  came  to  Col- 
fax,  Washington,  and  bought  six  hundred  acres  of 
land.  He  farmed  until  1893,  in  which  year,  like  all  the 
others,  his  finances  were  depleted.  To  add  to  his  dis- 
comfort in  this  trying  year,  he  broke  his  leg  and  be- 
fore the  complicated  facture  was  well  it  had  cost  him 
two  thousand  dollars.  Then  Mr.  Hansen  turned  his 
land  over  to  the  mortgage  company,  disposed  of  his 
two  hundred  head  of  horses  and  turned  his  attention 
to  prospecting  at  Buffalo  Hump.  He  also  mined  two 
years  in  Florence  and  in  1896  came  to  the  Salmon 
river.  Mr.  Hansen  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church  and  a  good  solid  Democrat. 


PHOENIX  R.  BRIGGS.  A  well  and  favorably 
known  citizen  of  early  days,  a  prominent  miner  at  the 
present,  and  one  fitted  for  representation  in  the  history 
of  his  county,  such  is  the  subject  of  this  article.  Phce- 
nix  R.  Briggs  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia 
on  December  21,  1837,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Mar- 
garet (Hamilton)  Briggs.  The  father  was  of  English 
extraction,  born  in  Ireland,  came  to  the  United  States 
in  his  boyhood  and  settled  in  Mercer  county,  Illinois, 
in  1842.  He  died  in  Kansas  in  1887.  The  mother,  who 
is  of  Scotch  ancestry,  is  also  deceased.  Our  subject 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


went  to  Illinois  with  his  parents  and  there  received  his 
education,  learned  the  carpenter  trade  and  grew  to 
manhood.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  C,  One  Hundred  and  Second  Illinois  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  First  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Twen- 
tieth Corps,  in  August,  1862.  He  immediately  went 
south  and  engaged  in  hot  encounters  in  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee  with  Bragg  and  Morgan,  being  under  Buell. 
He  fought  at  Chattanooga  under  "Fighting  Joe" 
Hooker  and  went  on  the  famous  march  to  the  sea. 
He  was  mustered  out  in  1865,  after  the  grand  review 
at  Washington.  He  returned  to  Illinois,  and  a  year 
later  went  to  Omaha. 

In  Illinois  in  1868,  Mr.  Briggs  married  Miss  Mar- 
tha Van  Meter,  daughter  of  Asa  and  Elizabeth  Van 
Meter.  The  following  children  have  been  born  to  this 
union:  Martha  Enders,  Harry  S.,  both  in  Nebraska; 
David  and  Thomas,  both  conductors  on  the  B.  &  M. 
railroad.  Mr.  Briggs  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  M.  M.,  D.  B.,  George  C.,  Elizabeth  Shull.  Mrs. 
Briggs  was  born  in  Illinois.  They  migrated  from  Illinois 
to  Iowa,  later  journeyed  to  Holt  county,  Nebraska,  and 
ten  years  later  went  thence  to  the  Sound  and  Portland. 
Then  we  see  them  in  Umatilla  county,  Oregon,  later 
in  Okanogan  county,  Washington,  and  thence  in  1895 
they  came  to  Idaho  and  for  two  years  Mr.  Briggs 
prospected  near  Mt.  Idaho.  He  located  claims  in  Mar- 
shall lake  district  and  in  the  Bear  creek  camp.  He 
has  two  groups,  the  Sherman  and  the  Mt.  Marshall. 
Mr.  Briggs  also  has  placer  claims,  the  Gipsy  and  the 
Agate.  Mr.  Briggs  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  elected  county  coroner,  but 
refused  to  serve.  He  is  allied  with  the  Democratic 
party  and  while  in  the  army  was  corporal  and  ser- 
geant. 


SILAS  O.  WHITING  has  mined  in  all  the  prom- 
inent camps  on  the  Salmon  and  while  he  has  property 
interests  in  various  places  especially  around  Florence, 
he  has  his  permanent  headquarters  at  Mt.  Idaho.  He 
was  born  in  Somerset  county,  Maine,  between  Augusta 
and  Bangor,  on  April  14/1837,  the  son  of  Leonard 
and  Hannah  (Dyer)  Whiting'.  The  father,  who  was 
born  in  Maine  in  1808,  was  a  stone  cutter  and  his 
father  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  settling  in  Maine 
among  the  first  pioneers  and  was  also  a  patriot  in  the 
Revolution.  Leonard  Whiting  came  to  California  in 
1852  and  settled  in  Nevada  county,  where  he  mined 
and  operated  mills  for  many  year's.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Maine  and  died  in  1839.  Silas 
O.  was  "educated  in  his  native  place  and  worked  on  the 
farm  until  he  was  twenty-two,  when  he  came  to  Cali- 
fornia, Nevada  county ;  'there  he  remained  for  thirty 
years,  freighting  and  mining. 

In  1889  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Cheney,  Washi- 
ngton, then  to  Spokane  and  engaged  in  lumbering  three 
•ears.  In  1895  he  removed  to  Idaho  county  and  went 
o  mining  in  the  Pierce  district.  Then  he  came  to  Ca- 
nas  prairie  and  rented  a  farm  near  Grangeville.  Two 
•ears  later  we  find  him  in  Florence,  where  he  has  op- 
•rated  much  of  the  time  since.  He  was  watchman  of 


the  Poorman  mine  and  was  one  year  and  one-half  at 
the  Blossom.  In  the  meantime  he  was  interested  in 
Bear  creek  country  and  had  a  share  in  the  famous  Kim- 
berly  and  Jewell,  which  recently  sold  for  $65,000.  He 
now  owns  independent  claims  in  the  Jewell  group.  He 
also  has  property  on  one  of  the  best  leads  there,  has  a 
third  interest  in  "the  Gold  Lake  placer  in  Florence. 

In  1864,  in  Nevada  City;  California,  Mr.  Whiting 
married  Miss  Maria  Buzzell,  who  was  born  in  Penob- 
scot  county,  Maine.  Four  children  were  born  to  this 
union,  two  of  whom  are  still  living.  Bertrand  D.  and 
Nellie  Everland,  both  in  San  Francisco.  Mr.  Whiting 
is  a  master  Mason,  joining  the  lodge  in  1864,  and  is  a 
Republican.  Mr.  Whiting  has  had  much  experience 
in  the  various  camps  of  California  and  he  believes 
the  Bear  creek  district  is  ahead  of  any  of  them. 


EDWARD  S.  SWEET  is  justly  entitled  to  the  po- 
sition of  one  of  the  real  builders  of  this  county  and 
the  town  of  Grangeville.  While  not  here  as  soon  as 
some  of  the  early  pioneers,  he  has  manifested  since 
coming  an  enterprise,  tenacity  and  skill  in  business 
lines  which  have  brought  to  him  a  gratifying  com- 
petence and  stimulated  much  action  in  others  through- 
out the  county. 

Edward  S.  Sweet  was  born  in  Whiteside  county, 
Illinois,  on  February  3,  1859,  the  son  of  James  A.  and 
Judith  (Green)  Sweet.  The  father,  of  Dutch  extrac- 
tion, was  born  in  Chautauqua  county,  New  York,  in 
1816,  and  died  in  1891.  He  settled  in  Illinois  in  1836 
and  remained  on  the  old  pre-emption  claim  until  the 
summons  came  for  his  departure  to  the  other  world. 
The  estate  is  still  held  in  the  family.  He  was  sheriff 
of  his  county  and  also  held  other  offices.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1826,  and 
died  in  1878.  She  was  left  an  orphan  when  very  young 
and  was  raised  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott,  the  parents  of 
the  noted  missionary  of  India  fame.  Mrs.  Sweet 
came  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  Our  subject  grew  to 
manhood  in  Illinois  and  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools,  then  finished  in  college.  He  had  a  practical 
training  in  handling  stock  and  farms  in  his  youth, 
from  a  wise  father,  and  for  a  number  of  years  managed 
the  family  estates.  In  1892  Mr.  Sweet  came  to 
Camas  prairie,  began  to  buy  land,  did  a  general  farm- 
ing business  and  raised  stock.  In  addition  to  this,  he 
owned  a  saw  mill  and  during  the  hard  times  that  came 
after  that  he  was  enabled  by  good  business  tact  and 
skill  to  keep  the  mill  running,  much  to  the  advantage 
of  the  settlers,  for  it  was  the  only  mill  in  the  vicinity 
that  was  operated.  He  was  faced  with  many  hard 
problems  and  much  difficulty  in  these  trying  times, 
when  so  many  good  business  men  went  to  the  wall,  but 
Mr.  Sweet  was  enabled  by  his  practical  ability  and  keen 
foresight  and  executive  force  to  weather  the  storm,  and 
now  he  is  one  of  the  heaviest  taxpayers  in  the  coun- 
ty. He  has  a  thousand  acres  of  land,  leases  as  much 
more,  has  much  town  property,  raises  a  large  band  of 
cattle  on  the  range  and  is  also  heavily  interested  in  the 
Bargain  Store  Company  in  Grangeville.  Mr.  Sweet 


EDWARD  S.  SWEET. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


575 


is  a  progressive  man  and  his  business  energy  has  done 
much  for  the  county  and  towns. 

While  in  Illinois,  in  1880,  Mr.  Sweet  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  J.,  daughter  of  David  and  Nancy  (Lamb) 
Miller,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  Mrs.  Sweet,  who  was 
born  in  Illinois  in  1859,  was  well  educated,  and  fol- 
lowed teaching  for  a  number  of  years.  Her  father  died 
in  1901,  but  the  mother  is  still  living.  She  has  four 
sisters  and  two  brothers.  Mr.  Sweet  has  three  sisters 
and  two  brothers,  named  as  follows :  Sarah,  Maggie, 
Emma,  Hiram  and  Ernest.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sweet 
one  daughter  has  been  born,  who  is  now  preparing  for 
higher  education  in  both  literary  lines  and  in  music. 
Mr.  Sweet  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  of  the  A. 
O.  U.  W.  He  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for 
county  commissioner  in  1901,  but  as  the  entire  ticket 
went  "down,  he  was  sacrificed  with  it.  At  present 
Mr.  Sweet  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  town  trustees, 
and  in  this  capacity,  as  in  all  of  his  labors,  he  brings 
an  aggressive  policy  well  tempered  with  a  conserva- 
tive spirit  and  due  knowledge  of  existing  conditions. 
He  is  one  of  the  heavy  operators  in  this  part  of  the 
state  and  the  success  that  is  his  to  enjoy  demonstrates 
better  than  aught  else  could  do  his  wisdom  and  worth. 
In  his  standing  Mr.  Sweet  is  highly  esteemed  and  his 
friends  are  numbered  by  legions.  In  1903  Mr.  Sweet 
was  appointed  by  the  governor  as  regent  of  the  State 
University  of  Idaho. 


WALTER  S.  RHETT  is  a  native  of  Idaho  county 
and  a  son  of  which  the  state  may  be  proud.  He  is  one 
of  the  enterprising  and  successful  young  stockmen  on 
Slate  creek  near  Freedom  postoffice.  On  September 
25,  1874,  he  was  born  in  the  house  where  he  now  lives, 
the  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Turner)  Rhett.  The 
father  is  a  native  of  old  Virginia,  born  in  1845.  He  was 
a  pioneer  in  the  early  Florence  and  Warren  excite- 

against  the  Indians  in  1877.  He  secured  the  horse  on 
which  Tolo  rode  to  Florence  and  as  she  ruined  the  ani- 
mal, he  was  obliged  to  pay  one  hundred  and  fifty  dol- 
lars for  it.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Oregon  in  1842.  the  daughter  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
of  that  state.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  his 
native  place  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  ad- 
jacent, and  in  the  higher  institutions  at  Lewiston  and 
Baker  City.  Returning  from  his  studies,  he  engaged 
in  the  stock  business,  which  he  followed  successfully 
for  a  number  of  years,  then  sold  out.  Three  years 
later,  1897,  he  took  up  this  industry  again  and  has 
continued  the  same  with  his  usual  success  until  the 
present  time. 

On  October  17,  1896,  Mr.  Rhett  married  Miss  Ola, 
daughter  of  Moses  H.  and  Nellie  (Leland)  Rice.  The 
father  is  a  stockraiser  and  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
in  northern  Idaho.  He  is  a  native  of  Ohio  and  served 
here  during  the  Indian  war.  The  mother  of  Mrs. 
Rhett  was  born  in  Oregon  and  died  in  1888.  Mrs. 
Rhett  was  born  on  Camas  prairie  on  November  27, 
1875,  and  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters,  Miles  H., 


Bailey  F.,  Leland  F.,  Nancy,  and  Elfreda.  Mr.  Rhett 
has  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  Albert  W.,  Clara  J. 
Grostein,  Carrie  F.  Greer.  Three  children  are  the 
fruit  of  this  marriage,  Chester  H.,  Myrtle  K.,  Wallace 
W.  Mr.  Rhett  is  a  Republican.  He  owns  a  good  quar- 
ter section,  raises  alfalfa,  has  a  fine  orchard  and  raises 
stock.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Pioneers'  Association  at 
Grangeville  and  is  a  good  substantial  man. 


JOHN  NEVIN,  the  popular  merchant  at  Freedom, 
Idaho,  is  a  bright  son  of  the  Emerald  Isle,  the  date  of 
whose  birth  is  April  13,  1871.  His  parents,  James  and 
Nancy  (Dempsey)  Nevin,  were  both  natives  of  the 
same  country,  where  they  live  now.  The  first  seven- 
teen years  of  John's  life  was  spent  in  his  native  land 
in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge,  gained  in  both  the  public 
schools  and  in  the  law  university.  In  1883  he  abandoned 
the  legal  lore,  bade  farewell  to  his  loved  ones  and  left 
the  native  land  for  the  United  States.  He  worked  two 
Pennsylvania,  and  one  year 
lal  mines.  In  the  spring  of 

..^  .„  ^ o  county  and  settled  on  Slate 

creeK,  wnere  he  did  placer  mining.    He  also  packed  to 
the  mines  and  worked  in  Josh  Fockler's  store  at  Slate 


years  n  an  ron  smeer  n  ennsyvana,  an  one  year 
in  West  Virginia  in  the  coal  mines.  In  the  spring  of 
1891  he  came  to  Idaho  county  and  settled  on  Slate 
creek,  where  he  did  placer  mining.  He  also  packed  to 
the  mines  and  worked  in  Josh  Fockler's  store  at  Slate 
Creek.  Then  he  spent  two  years  in  Freidenrich's  store 
at  Whitebird.  In  the  spring  of  1902  Mr.  Neven  bought 
Mr.  Fockler's  place  on  Slate  creek  and  since  then  he 
has  devoted  himself  to  doing  a  fine  general  merchandise 
business. 

On  April  15,  1903,  Mr.  Nevin  married  Miss  Jennie, 
daughter  of  W.  A.  and  Mary  E.  Newman.  The  father 
is  a  stockman  on  the  Salmon.  Mrs.  Nevin  was  born  in 
Dayton,  Washington,  in  1881.  She  is  well  educated  and 
spent  some  time  in 'instructor's  work.  She  has  one  sis- 
ter and  three  brothers,  Bertha  M.  Davis,  Homer,  Gro- 
ver  C,  Milo.  Mr.  Nevin  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  Daniel,  James  M.,  Thomas,  Annie,  An- 
drew and  William,  all  in  the  old  country.  Mr.  Nevin 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  and  is  an  active 
and  influential  Republican,  being  central  committee- 
man.  He  owns  a  fine  business,  comfortable  residence, 
some  land  and  is  enjoying  a  thriving  patronage.  Mr. 
Nevin  was'  naturalized  in  1893  at  Mount  Idaho. 


GEORGE  R.  ODLE  is  practically  a  product  of 
Idaho  count}  since  he  came  here  with  his  parents  when 
six  months  old.  He  is  a  son  in  which  his  county  may 
well  take  pride,  since  his  walk  has  been  upright,  his 
labors  dominated  with  wisdom  and  consummated  with 
skill  and  enterprise  and  his  standing  is  justly  of  the 
best. 

George  R.  Odle  was  born  in  Douglas  county,  Ore- 
gon, on  January  22,  1862,  the  son  of  Tames  and  Cath- 
erine (Crusen)'  Odle.  The  father  was  born  in  Ohio, 
on  July  10,  1823,  and  died  in  1898.  He  was  a  "Forty- 
niner"  in  California,  afterward  going  to  Douglas  coun- 
ty, Oregon.  In  January,  1862,  he  came  to  Idaho  in  the 
Florence  excitement,  where  he  took  land  and  broke  the 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


first  furrow  near  Mt.  Idaho.  He  was  married  August. 
3,  1854.  His  wife  was  born  in  Illinois  and  crossed  the 
plains  with  her  parents,  who  settled  in  Douglas  county, 
where  the  marriage  occurred.  Mr.  James  Odle  was 
twice  representative  to  the  legislature  of  Idaho.  He 
also  held  county  offices  and  fought  in  the  Nez  Perces 
war.  Our  subject  came  to  Idaho  county  with  his 
mother  in  June,  1862,  the  father  having  come  in  the 
January  preceding.  He  grew  to  manhood  on  the  old 
homestead,  where  he  now  lives,  received  here  his  edu- 
cation and  has  been  one  of  its  substantial  citizens  for 
years.  When  he  was  of  age  he  took  a  half  section  of 

and  raising  stock.  Mr.  Odle  remembers  well  the  Nez 
Perces  war,  being  then  fifteen.  He  saw  the  destruction 
after  the  battle  on  the  Clearwater,  the  effects  of  the  In- 
dians being  confiscated  and  destroyed.  At  one  time  a 
scouting  party  of  Indians  came  within  a  half  mile  of 
Mt.  Idaho. 

At  Mt.  Idaho  on  March  19,  1890,  Mr.  Odle  married 
Miss  Julia,  daughter  of  James  R.  and  Hannah  (Coch- 
ran)  McCurdy.  The  father  was  born  in  Ireland,  came 
to  the  United  States  in  his  youthful  days,  and  settled 
in  California  in  1857,  having  married  in  Pennsylvania 
on  March  30,  1852.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Odle  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  on  November  29,  1833.  Her  first 
husband  died,  and  in  1874  she  married  Mr.  William  R. 
Smith  and  came  to  Idaho  county  in  1881.  She  died 
February  7,  1895.  Mrs.  Odle  was  born  in  California 
on  February  3,  1868,  and  has  three  brothers  and  one 
sister,  William  E.,  deceased ;  John  R.,  Charles  S.,  Mar- 
garetta  Rice.  Mr.  Odle  has  three  sisters,  Alice  Baird, 
Elfreda  Rice,  Emma  Rice,  deceased.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Odle,  Alethea,  and 
Margaretta.  Mrs.  Odle  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church.  Mr.  Odle  is  a  Democrat  and  also  a  member 
of  the  Pioneers'  Association. 


SAM  LARGE,  who  lives  at  Freedom,  is  one  of  the 
earliest  miners  in  Idaho  county  and  since  the  first  days 
of  fabulous  wealth  flowing  from  the  hills  of  the  Sal- 
mon, he  has  continued  until  the  present  in  .mining  and 
is  now  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  s'ection.  He 
has  a  comfortable  home  on  the  banks  of  the  Salmon 
and  a  fine  ditch  for  placer  mining.  Sam  Large  was 
born  in  Ireland  in  1841,  the  son  of  Benjamin  and  Jane 
(Clunnen)  Large,  natives  of  Ireland,  where  they  both 
died..  The  father  made  a  trip  to  the  United  States  but 
returned  to  his  native  country.  Our  subject  received 
his  education  in  his  native  country  and  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1855.  In  1857,  he  made  his  way  to 
the  Golden  state  and  mined  in  Tuolumne  county  until 
1 86 1,  when  he  came  on  the  first  crest  of  gold  excite- 
ment into  Idaho.  He  was  personally  acquainted  with 
the  five  men  who  discovered  the  Florence  diggings  and 
was  one  of  the  first  ones  in  the  Warren  camp.  He 
owned  some  of  the  best  claims  in  the  camp  and  con- 
tinued making  money  fast  until  1875.  In  1864  they 
•*-«»-  famine  and  for  many  days  lived  on  nothing  but 
without  even  salt  to  eat.'  One  wag,  old  Jimmy 


had 
bea 


Joah,  became  so  set  against  the  beans  that  he  seasoned 
them  with  spoiled  grease  which  gave  them  another  taste 
and  odor,  too.  In  1875,  Mr.  Large  bought  his  present 
place  and  since  then  has  devoted  himself  to  working 
this  one  claim.  He  was  on  the  place  at  the  time  of  the 
Indian  outbreak  and  went  to  Slate  creek  to  the  forti- 
fications there.  Indians  came  to  see  how  well  they 
were  manned  but  they  were  warned  off.  They  were 
forted  up  five  weeks  in  this  place  and  then  three  weeks 
in  Mt.  Idaho,  where  he  went  to  buy  supplies.  Mr.  Large 
has  the  place  where  Tolo  was  with  the  sick  squaws. 

On  .November  4,  1884,  Mr.  Large  married  Mary 
Porsell,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Her  parents  were  natives 
of  Ireland,  also.  The  father  died  there,  the  mother 
and  this  daughter  coming  to  the  United  States.  Mrs. 
Large  has  two  brothers,  John  and  Patrick.  The  fol- 
lowing named  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, 
Mary.  Thomas,  Benjamin,  John  and  James.  Mr. 
Large  is  a  Mason.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Cath- 
olic church.  Politically  he  is  an  active  Democrat.  In 
early  days  he  remembers  one  man,  Mr.  Knotts,  selling 
potatoes  to  the  miners  at  seventy-five  cents  per  pound. 
This  was  with  the  clay  on  and  when  they  were  washed 
half  was  taken  off  in  dirt.  They  were  so  small  that 
they  became  famous  to  every  old  timer  as  "Knotts' 
pills." 


HON.  LOYAL  P.  BROWN,  deceased.  No  man 
was  better  or  more  favorably  known  in  Idaho  county 
than  the  esteemed  gentleman  and  leading  citizen  men- 
tioned above  and  it  is  fitting  that  a  memorial  of  him 
be  incorporated  in  the  history  of  northern  Idaho. 

L.  P.  Brown  was  born  in  Stratford,  New  Hamp- 
shire, on  September  26,  1829.  He  removed  to  Boston 
when  sixteen  and  engaged  in  a  mercantile  establish- 
ment. In  1849  he  joined  the  Massasoit  company  that 
fitted  and  went  to  California,  via  the  isthmus,  arriving 
in  San  Francisco  on  July  12,  1849.  Mr.  Brown  at  once 
went  to  mining  on  the  middle  fork  of  the  American 
river  at  Rector's  bar  and  did  well.  The  next  spring 
he  went  to  the  mines  on  Trinity  river  and  opened  a 
store,  continuing  until  1852.  Then  he  went  to  Scotts- 
burg.  Oregon,  and  followed  merchandising  for  three 
years.  Then,  in  response  to  Governor  George  L. 
Clearey's  call  for  men,  in  1855,  joined  the  ranks  as 
quartermaster  at  Roseburg,  in  the  Rogue  river  war. 
Then  he  farmed  in  Douglas  county  until  1858  and  took 
his  family  back  to  New  Hampshire.  A  year  later  he 
fitted  out  horse  teams  and  made  the  journey  across  the 
plains,  being  accompanied  by  many  of  his  relatives.  He 
settled  in  the  Umpqua  valley  and  raised  stock  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Salmon  river  gold  excitement,  when 
he  came  to  Idaho  county  and  settled  at  what  is  now  Mt. 
Idaho,  on  July  18,  1862.  He  laid  out  the  town  and  has 
fostered  it  since  until  it  became  the  county  seat.  This 
was  his  home  until  the  time  of  his  death.  He  followed 
farming,  raising  stock,  milling,  operating  a  hotel  and 


the  Territorial  Council  and  in  1875  was  instrumental 
in  arranging  the  boundary  of  the  county  so  that  Mt. 
Idaho  became  the  county  seat.  He  was  one  of  the  lead- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ing  men  of  the  county,  always  wrought  with  wisdom 
and  his  counsel  was  instrumental  in  doing  much  for 
Idaho  county.  Mr.  Brown  was  a  moving  spirit  in  the 
time  of  the  Indian  war  here  and  his  house  and  purse 
were  open  to  sufferers,  as  scores  of  benefitted  set- 
tlers who  were  forced  to  flee  to  Mt.  Idaho  for  refuge 
will  testify.  Mr.  Borwn  wrote  the  message  securing 
quarters  at  Lapwai  for  the  refugees  and  did  much  to 
alleviate  suffering.  Mr.  Brown  was  an  ardent  Re- 
publican and  was  the  most  powerful  and  influential 
member  of  his  party  in  the  county,  but  he  never  let 
politics  interfere  with  social  life. 

On  October  24,  1854,  in  the  Umpqua  valley,  Ore- 
gon, Mr.  Brown  married  Sarah  T.,  daughter  of 
George  W.  and  Sarah  A.  (Ridgeley)  Crusen.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Virginia  and  crossed  the  plains 
with  his  family,  one  of  which  was  Mrs.  Brown.  The 
mother  of  Mrs.  Brown  was  born  in  Maryland  and  died 
November  4,  1886,  aged  seventy-nine.  Mrs.  Brown 
'crossed  the  plains  with  her  husband,  after  returning 
east  by  water.  She  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  C.  L.  Odle, 
in  Lewiston.  Mr.  Brown  had  one  brother,  Alonzo 
Brown,  in  Oakland,  Oregon.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown,  Rollin  C.,  in  this 
county ;  Helen  K.,  deceased ;  Ada  Hovev,  in  Lewiston ; 
Daisey  Smith,  at  Whitebird.  Mr.  Brown  was  called  to 
the  world  beyond  on  April  9,  1896.  He  was  univer- 
sally mourned  and  tributes  of  respect  were  offered  by 


FRANK  L.  TAYLOR  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
and  leading  stockmen  of  the  Salmon  valley.  He  owns 
a  fine  ranch  three  miles  down  the  river  from  Free- 
doom  and  also  handles  nearly  three  hundred  head  of 
cattle.  He  was  born  near  Tipton,  Iowa,  on  April  18, 
1868.  the  son  of  Benjamin  F.  and  Judith  (Bradley) 
Taylor.  The  father  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1834,  came 
to  the  Palouse  country  in  1872  and  had  served  three 
years  in  the  Civil  war,  where  he  received  a  serious 
wound  in  his  thigh.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Iowa  in  1845.  Frank  L.  was  taken  with  his 
parents  to  Oregon  when  four  years  old  and  was  reared 
and  educated  mostly  in  Pullman,  Washington.  When 
•  nineteen  he  went  to  do  for  himself  and  when  twenty- 
one  bought  a  farm  near  Guy.  He  continued  there  for 
the  intervening  years  until  1891,  then  came  to  the  Sal- 
mon country  and  bought  his  present  place  of  Josh 
Fockler.  He  has  devoted  himself  to  general  farming 
and  raising  stock  since  that  date  and  has  been  well 
prospered. 

On  December  22,  1896.  Mr.  Taylor  married  Miss 
Mary  C.,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Isabella  (Kelly) 
Benedict.  The  father  was  a  rancher  and  merchant  at 
Whitebird.  He  was  born  in  the  province  of  Ontario, 
Canada,  and  was  killed  by  the  Indians  on  June  14, 
1877.  The  mother  was  born  on  Staten  Island  and  is 
now  Mrs.  Robie,  mentioned  in  this  work  elsewhere. 
Mrs.  Taylor  was  born  in  Lewiston,  in  1866.  Mrs. 
Taylor's  brothers  and  sisters  are  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  this  work.  Mr.  Taylor  has  two  sisters  and  one 
brother,  Charles,  Mary  ]..  Phoebe  Bloom.  Three  chil- 


dren have  been  born  to  them,  Addie  Maurine,  Lester 
B.,  and  Samuel  H.  Politically  Mr.  Taylor  is  a  Repub- 
lican. He  owns  a  fine  place  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  county.  Mrs.  Taylor  and  her 
brother,  Grant,  were  attending  school  at  the  time  of 
the  Indian  outbreak  and  went  to  Grangeville,  which 
was  near  io  the  residence  of  Win.  Pearson,  thence  to 
Mt.  Idaho  where  they  were  taken  care  of  in  the  house 
of  Mr.  H.  Rice,  until  the  mother  came. 


PETER  SMITH  is  one  of  the  early  miners  who 
has  continued  in  the  same  occupation  which  was  so 
popular  in  the  balmy  days  of  gold  excitement.  He  is 
now  located  eight  miles  up  the  Salmon  from  White- 
bird  and  is  partner  in  the  firm  of  Robie  &  Smith.  He 
was  born  in  Gotland,  Sweden,  on  the  Baltic  sea,  in 
1832,  the  son  of  Olif  and  Anna  (Oman)  Smith. 
The  father  spelled  his  name  Smitt  and  was  a  master 
workman  in  a  shoe  factory  in  his  native  land.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Gotland.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  there  and  when  twelve  went  to  sea  and  was 
in  various  parts  of  the  world.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  when  he  was  sixteen  and  in  1857  went  to  Cal- 
ifornia and  mined  in  Eldorado  and  Placer  counties. 
In  the  spring  of  1862  he  came  to  the  Salmon  country 
and  dug  gold  at  Florence ;  at  Warren  he  was  one  of 
the  owners  of  the  great  hydraulic  plant.  Seventeen 


the 


•isfu' 


lie 


sold  out  and  came  to  the  Salmon  and  bought  .^ 
present  place.  He  also  bought  a  ranch  in  connection 
with  Mr.  Robie,  who  was  his  partner  in  all  his  trans- 
actions. Mr.  Robie  conducted  the  ranch  until  his 
death,  while  Mr.  Smith  still  operates  the  mine.  When 
Mr.  Robie  died  his  wife  went  on  with  the  ranch.  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  Mason  and  a  good,  solid  Republican  of 
worth  and  influence.  He  has  kept  little  or  no  cor- 
respondence with  the  old  country  and  therefore 
knows  little  of  his  relatives  there;  the  father  died 
when  the  son  was  a  lad  and  the  mother  marrying  again 
he  has  half-sisters  and  half-brothers.  Mr.  Smith  has 
one  full  sister,  Albertina  Fredricka.  About  three 
years  ago  Mr.  Smith  had  a  runaway  and  was  thought 
to  be  dead,  his  head  being  badly  cut.  He  was  taken 
to  Grangeville  and  lay  senseless  until  the  physician 
lifted  the  skull  where  it  was  pressing  on  his  brain. 
He  recovered  rapidly  and  was  soon  at  his  post  in  the 
mines  again. 


FRED  C.  BURGDORF  is  proprietor  of  the  popu- 
lar and  widely  known  hot  springs  at  Resort,  Idaho 
county,  which  he  has  handled  since  1870,  having  the 
place  now  provided  with  all  comforts  and  roomy 
apartments.  The  springs  are  justly  famous,  being 
noted  for  the  curative  properties  of  their  waters  and 
the  place  is  filled  with  guests  all  the  time.  Mr.  Burg- 
dorf  also  owns  two  or  three  ranches  in  addition  to  this 
and  three  hundred  head  of  cattle  as  well,  having,  too, 
some  extra  fine  Hereford  males,  and  he  has  prospered 
and  met  with  good  will  and  esteem  on  every  hand  be- 


576 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


cause  of  his  skill  and  wisdom  and  because  of  his  geni- 
ality and  stanch  worth. 

Fred  C.  Burgdorf  was  born  in  Germany  on  Novem- 
ber 22,  1839,  being  the  son  of  Hans  C.  and  Lena 
(Kohrd)  Eurgdorf,  natives  also  of  the  fatherland, 
where  they  remained  until  their  death.  Our  subject 
grew  up  in  the  parental  home  until  sixteen,  having  ac- 
quired a  good  education,  and  then  went  to  sea.  He 
was  shipwrecked  near  China  and  being  picked  up  by 
an  American  steamer,  he  came  to  San  Francisco  in 
1863.  He  was  very  sick  and  the  kind  captain  placed 
him  in  a  hospital  and  secured  a  doctor.  In  1864  Mr. 
Burgdorf  came  to  Warren  and  dug  gold  for  three 
years.  Then  he  spent  eighteen  months  in  Lewiston  and 
'later  returned  to  Warren.  Having  loaned  $800.00 
on  the  warm  springs,  he  took  them  on  August  20, 
1870,  to  pay  his  claim  and  since  that  time  he  has  de- 
voted himself  to  handling  the  property  with  his  other 
intersets  and  he  has  made  a  brilliant  success  in  finan- 
cial matters. 

Mr.  Burgdorf  has  an  excellent  building  of  twenty 
and  more  rooms  and  the  place  is  liberally  patronized. 
The  springs  flow  six  thousand  gallons  per  hour.  He 
was  here  during  the  Indian  war  but  was  unmolested 
by  the  savages.  On  July  28,  1902,  Mr.  Burgdorf  mar- 
ried Janette  Foronsard,  from  Denver.  The  wedding 
occurred  at  Resort.  Mr.  Burgdorf  has  one  brother  in 
Germany,  Conrad,  a  retired  sea  captain.  Mr.  Burg- 
dorf is  a  solid  Republican  and  committeeman  for  his 
precinct.  He  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Lutheran 
church.  On  his  river  ranch,  known  as  the  Raines 
ranch.  Mr.  Burgdorf  raises  all  kinds  of  fruit.  Mr. 
Raines  took  it  in  an  early  day  and  the  Sheepeater  In- 
dians killed  him.  The  Indians  were  named  from  their 
propensity  to  eat  mountain  sheep.  The  mines  adjacent 
to  Resort  are  being  developed  and  it  is  one  of  the  prom- 
inent mining  sections  of  the  county. 


WINFIELD  S.  REYNOLDS  is  well  known  as 
the  ferryman  at  the  old  state  bridge  near  Florence 
and  has  been  engaged  in  various  other  callings  in  Ida- 
ho county.  He  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1848,  the  son 
of  Stephen  J.  and  Elizabeth  (Lohr)  Reynolds,  born 
in  Virginia  in  1812  and  1818,  respectively.  They 
still  live  in  their  native  state.  Our  subject  grew  to 
manhood  there  and  remained  with  his  father  in  busi- 
ness until  he  was  thirty-five.  He  was  in  the  Con- 
federate army  and  had  one  finger  shot  off.  The  father 
was  also  in  the  struggle.  In  1896  Mr.  Reynolds  came 
west  and  after  a  time  to  Grangeville,  he 'went  on  to 
Elk  City  where  he  engaged  in  the  stock  and  butcher 
business.  After  two  years  at  this  he  came  to  Grange- 
ville and  with  his  brother,  Alex  T.,  he  opened  a  large 
distillery  and  they  operated  it  for  one  year.  Then 
Mr.  Reynolds  went  into  the  saloon  business,  where  he 
continued  for  two  years.  After  this  venture  he  came 
to  his  present  location  and  started  the  ferry  that  he  is 
now  operating. 

In  Virginia,  in  1877,  Mr.  Reynolds  married  Mel- 
vina  Fox,  daughter  of  William  and  Peggy  (Hodge) 


Fox,  natives  of  Virginia.  Mrs.  Reynolds  was  born  in 
Highland  county,  Virginia.  Mr.  Reynolds  has  three 
brothers  and  four  sisters,  and  is  a  strong  Republican. 
He  owns  the  ferry  where  he  is  living  and  also  a  fine 
farm  near  Grangeville.  He  is  a  man  of  broad  ex- 
perience and  has  made  good  success  since  coming  to 
this  country. 


LIEUT.  RICHARD  H.  HARTMAN  is  both  a 
first-class  business  man  and  a  man  of  excellent  mili- 
tary qualifications,  having  demonstrated  his  ability  in 
both  lines,  the  former  in  many  places  and  especially 
in  Grangeville,  where  he  has  followed  painting,  deco- 
rating and  paper  hanging,  while  in  the  latter  his  re- 
cord in  the  Spanish  war  leaves  no  doubt  as  to  his 
worth  and  standing. 

Richard  H.  Hartman  was  born  in  Saxony,  Ger- 
many, on  August  22,  1864,  the  son  of  Richard  H.  and 
Martha  (Wolf)  Hartman,  born  in  Saxony  in  182$ 
and  1832  and  died  in  1898  and  1891,  respectively. 
The  father's  ancestors  were  natives  of  the  same  place 
for  generations  preceding.  He  participated  in  the  war 
between  Austria  and  Saxony  in  1866.  Our  subject 
remained  in  his  native  place  acquiring  a  good  educa- 
tion until  fifteen  and  then  started  out  for  himself.  He 
travelled  one  year  in  Germany  and  then  came  to  the 
United  States.  He  spent  some  time  in  New  York 
and  three  years  in  Pensylvania,  then  went  to  Montana, 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  on  to  Spokane.  This, 
was  in  the  spring  of  1884,  the  city  then  being  small. 
He  was  soon  in  Portland,  whence  he  went  to  San 
Francisco  and  in  1886  came  to  Rock  Springs,  Wyom- 
ing, and  was  there  during  the  Chinese  excitement. 
After  three  years  he  traveled  in  the  east,  visited  Chi- 
cago, St.  Louis  and  other  places,  then  came  to  Pendle- 
ton  and  finally  settled  in  Grangeville  on  August  4, 
1891.  He  took  up  carpentering  and  later  went  at 
his  trades  of  painting  and  decorating.  Mr.  Hartman 
joined  the  Idaho  National  Guards  on  May  15,  1897, 
as  second  lieutenant  of  Company  C,  First  Idaho.  On 
April  28,  1898,  he  joined  the  Volunteers  and  was 
mustered  in  on  May  13,  1898,  as  first  lieutenant.  He 
left  San  Francisco  on  June  27,  arrived  at  Manila  on 
July  31,  1898.  He  participated  in  the  capture  of  that  • 
place  and  was  given  command  of  his  company,  the 
captain  having  retired,  and  continued  in  that  capacity 
until  just  before  his  departure.  He  fought  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Manila,  August  13,  Santa  Ana,  February  4, 
5.  1899.  Coloorcan,  February  10,  ri,  Guadalupe,  Santa 
Cruz  and  in  many  skirmishes.  He  was  offered  a  com- 
mission in  the  United  States  regulars,  but  as  the  cli- 
mate did  not  agree  with  him  he  refused.  When  he 
got  out  of  the  hospital  he  weighed  one  hundred  and 
twenty-nine  pounds.  He  was  discharged  on  Septem- 
ber 25,  1899,  at  San  Francisco  and  returned  to  Grange- 
ville on  October  4,  1899,  again  taking  up  his  business, 
since  which  time  lie  has  devoted  himself  to  it  with  good 
success. 

Mr.  Hartman  is  a  perfect  master  of  the  English 
and  also  of  the  mother  tongue.  He  has  three  brothers 
and  three  sisters  in  Germany.  His  brother,  Emil,  is- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


sergeant  major  in  the  German  army.  Mr.  Hartman 
is  a  member  of  the  Red  Men  and  took  the  first  degree 
of  Masonry  in  Manila.  He  is  an  active  Republican 
and  influential  in  political  circles. 


RICHARD  E.  PELL,  who  resides  near  Clearwater, 
owns  land  but  devotes  himself  almost  entirely  to 
freighting.  He  has  become  expert  in  this  line  of  busi- 
ness and  has  handled  goods  from  Lewiston  before  the 
railroad  came  but  now  handles  form  Stites  to  Elk,  Buf- 
falo Hump,  and  other  places.  He  is  a  man  of  enter- 
prise in  his  labors  and  does  a  good  business. 

Richard  E.  Pell  was  born  in  Linn  county,  Oregon, 
on  November  24,  1870,  the  son  of  John  G.  and  Nancy 
(Tinley)  Pell.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  was  bom 
in  Clarke  county,  Missouri,  in  1839,  January  8.  He 

and  now  lives  in  Clearwater.    The  mother  was  born  in 
Linn  county,  Oregon,  in   1849.     His  parents  crossed 
he  plains  in  1848.    Our  subject  come  with  his  parents 
Tammany  hollow,  near  Lewiston,  in  1878,  there  re- 
ived his  education  and  remained  until  he  was  nine- 
en.    He  learned  the  art  of  cooking  and  followed  it  in 
trious  places.    In  1889  he  came  to  Clearwater,  in  Ida- 
ho county,  and  took  a  homestead.    In  1895  he  went  to 
Montana  and  cooked  for  two  years,  but  returned  to 
Idaho  county,  as  he  was  taken  sick.    Later  he  retired 
from  the  kitchen  altogether  and  gave  his  entire  atten- 
tion to  freighting.     At  the  early  age  of  eleven,  Mr. 
Pell  commenced  to  do  for  himself  and  he  has  been 
hustling  since  that  time.    In  politics  he  is  allied  with  the 
Democrats,  but  is  not  an  office  seeker.    He  is  one  of  the 
substantial  wealth  makers  of  the  county  and  has  made 
a  good  record. 


ALVIS  A.  KINCAID  is  a  miner  in  the  true  sense 
of  the  word.  He  knows  the  business  from  the  time 
of  locating  all  the  way  through,  and  he  has  given  him- 
self to  it  in  later  years  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other 
business.  He  is  a  man  of  deep  study  in  these  lines  and 
has  accomplished  a  good  showing  for  the  time  he  has 
wrought  in  it.  Alvis  A.  Kincaid  was  born  in  Kentucky 
in  1858,  the  son  of  James  M.  and  Olivia  (Moss)  Kin- 
caid. The  father  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  January, 
1830,  and  died  on  April  17,  1897.  He  went  to  Califor- 
nia in  1865,  located  in  Solano  county,  Where  he  farmed 
and  raised  stock.  He  came  to  the  Palouse  country  in 
1877  and  remained  until  death.  He  had  fought  in  the 
Confederate  army  and  was  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestrage. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Tennessee  and 
still  lives  in  Palouse.  Our  subject  was  but  seven  when 
the  family  took  the  long  journey  across  the  plains  and 
mountains  to  California.  The  time  of  the  burial  of  a 
baby  brother  is  distinctly  imprinted  on  the  mind  of  Mr. 
Kincaid  and  he  well  remembers  the  deep  grief  of  the 
mother  at  leaving  her  babe  in  the  dreary  spot.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  Monmouth,  Oregon,  and  in 
California,  and  for  sixteen  years  after  the  school  days 
were  ended,  he  kept  books.  He  has  always  been  in 


close  touch  with  his  family  and  is  looking  after  his 
mother  now.  Mr.  Kincaid  came  to  Palouse  with  the 
family  and  did  bookkeeping  and  also  was  salesman,, 
but  during  all  these  years  he  was  more  or  less  inter- 
ested in  mining  and  made  it  a  careful  study.  He  had 
purchased  stock  in  various  companies  and  in  1898,  he 
stepped  forth  and  invested  lor  himself  on  the  Clear- 
water  and  since  then  he  has  been  giving  his  time  to  the 
prosecution  of  the  industry  of  mining.  He  is  superin- 
tendent of  the  Evergreen  and  Mt.  Idaho  Mining  Com- 
pany and  they  are  doing  some  good  development  work. 
In  1878 'Mr.  Kincaid  married  Miss  Josephine, 
daughter  of  Rebecca  Davis,  of  Farmington,  Washing- 
ton, the  wedding  occurring  in  Palouse.  Mrs.  Kincaid 
was  born  in  Lane  county,  Oregon  and  was  well  edu- 
cated. Mr.  Kincaid  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters: William  M.,  James  M.  Jr.,  John  C.,  G.  D.,  Jo- 
seph E.,  Elizabeth.  Lawrence.  Five  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kincaid,  Mary  O.,  Elbert  A., 
Olivia,  Florence,  Frank.  Mr.  Kincaid  is  a  Republican 
since  Mr.  Bryan  has  been  shaping  the  tenets  of  the  other 
party.  Mr.  Kincaid  has  gone  into  mining  to  follow  it 
the  rest  of  his  life  and  is  putting  that  fund  of  wisdom, 
skill,  and  enterprise  into  it  which  has  brought  him  suc- 
cess in  other  lines. 


WILLIAM  H.  V.  RICKARDS  is  one  of  the  most 
stirring  and  skillful  mining  men  of  Idaho  county,  as  is 
evidenced  by  what  he  has  accomplished  in  that  line. 
He  has  been  instrumental  in  bringing  many  different 
properties  to  the  front,  and  also  in  interesting  capital 
in  this  section,  which  has  done  much  for  its  advertise- 
ment and  substantial  upbuilding. 

William  H.  V.  Rickards  was  born  in  New  York 
city  on  February  4,  1853,  the  son  of  Peter  H.  and  Re- 
becca (Perry)  Rickards.  The  father,  who  was  a  sailor, 
was  born  in  Virginia  in  1814,  came  west  to  Iowa  in 
1857,  and  died  in  1892.  His  father  was  English  and 
his  mother  French.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  on  February  14,  1833,  and  died  in  1892. 
She  came  of  Dutch  extraction  and  her  ancestors  came 
to  the  new  world  in  colonial  days.  Her  father  was  a 
patriot  in  the  Revolution.  Our  subject  was  brought  to 
Iowa  by  his  parents  when  four  years  old  and  there 
he  grew  to  manhood  and  received  his  education  at  Bur- 
lington. He  learned  the  art  of  cooking  and  followed  it 
for  years  in  Burlington  and  Kansas  City.  Then  he  rail- 
roaded on  the  Burlington  road  for  years  in  various  ca- 
pacities. In  1891  he  came  to  Dayton,  Washington, 
landing  there  on  April  12,  where  he  continued  to  live 
for  six  years,  being  engaged  in  threshing  for  a  time 
and  then  sold  sewing  machines.  In  1893  Mr.  Rickards 
engaged  in  mining  at  Dixie,  Elk  and  adjacent  centers. 
He  made  the  first  discoveries  on  the  Clearwater  in  1893 
and  in  these  places  he  continued  until  1896.  Then  he 
brought  his  family  to  Greencreek,  Idaho  county,  went 
to  Moscow  and'  formed  the  Greencreek  Mining 
&  Milling  Company  and  in  1898  he  removed 
to  Spokane.  He  continued  to  locate  and  im- 
prove properties  in  the  sections  mentioned, 


578 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


formed  a  company  in  Spokane  and  the  next 
year  brought  his  family  to  Grangeville,  where  they 
have  been  since.  In  1900  Mr.  Rickards  went  to  Thun- 
der mountain,  also  located  more  on  the  Clearwater, 
secured  seme  asbestos  property  and  later  sold  the 
Thunder  mountain  property  to  eastern  capital.  He  has 
mines  at  Buffalo  Hump  and  in  other  prominent  dis- 
tricts of  this  favored  mining  country. 

On  April  3,  1881,  Mr.  Rickards  married  Miss 
Laura  L.,  daughter  of  P.  S.  and  Louise  (Cocaine)  Orr. 
The  father  was  a  pioneer  of  Iowa,  came  to  Butte,  Mon- 
tana, in  1862.  He  comes  of  Irish  extraction.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Iowa  and  her  father  in  Wheeling, 
West  Virginia.  Mrs.  Rickards  was  born  in  Iowa  in 
1865  and  has  five  brothers  and  one  sister,  William, 
Samuel,  Elijah  T.,  James,  Mary  and  Charles. 
Mr.  Richards  has  five  brothers  and  sisters, 
Cordelia,  Nettie,  Mary,  Rose,  Harry.  One  child, 
Charles  H.,  aged  eighteen,  has  been  born  to 
this  marriage.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rickards  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church  and  of  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  He  is  an  active  Republican.  Mr.  Rickards  is 
one  of  the  substantial  men  of  this  section  and  receives 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  all. 


HON.  ANDREW  W.  MOORE  is  one  of  the 
prominent  men  of  Idaho  county  in  various  lines.  He 
is  a  heavy  mine  owner  and  has  some  properties  well 
under  way  towards  being  the  leading  shippers  of  their 
respective  sections.  He  is  an  able  man  in  the  field  of 
politics,  although  not  a  politician  in  the  sense  of  the 
word  usually  considered.  He  is  a  man  of  integrity 
and  worth  and  holds  a  prominent  position  among 
the  people  of  this  division,  being  also  of  note  in  the 
state,  as  his  name  is  indissolubly  connected  with  some 
of  the  best  improvements  of  the  entire  state. 

Andrew  W.  Moore  was  born  in  Belmont  county, 
Ohio,  in  1839,  being  the  son  of  Allison  and  Elizabeth 
H.  (West)  Moore.  The  father  was  born  in  Belmont 
county  also  and  his  ancestors  came  from  the  sturdy 
Scotch,  and  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  on  the 
Atlantic  coast.  He  died  in  1855,  aged  fifty-five.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1806  and  died  in  1902. 
She  came  from  Scotch  ancestry  who  were  among  the 
colonists  of  the  new  world.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated and  reared  in  Illinois  and  in  1859,  aged  twenty, 
came  to  the  Pacific  coast  and  sought  his  fortune  in  the 
golden  sands  of  California.  He  was  among  the  first 
quartz  miners  of  that  favored  mining  section  and  was 
successful.  Later  he  met  with  the  same  good  success, 
owing  to  his  skill  and  sagacity,  in  Montana.  He  was 
the  principal  owner  of  the  Silver  Bell  mine  at  Missoula 
and  is  still  handling  a  controlling  interest.  In  1861 
Mr.  Moore  returned  to  Illinois  and  enlisted  in  Company 
G,  Seventh  Illinois  Volunteer.  He  went  in  as  a  pri- 
vate and  was  soon  chosen  for  first  lieutenant.  He 
fought  all  through  the  dark  and  fierce  struggle, 
went  on  the  march  to  the  sea  and  participated  in  the 
grand  review  in  Washington.  He  was  in  the  active 
service  three  vears  and  seven  months.  In  1866  he  re- 


turned to  California  and  in  the  fall  of  1877  he  came 
to  Idaho.  He  operated  in  the  Salmon  district,  organ- 
ized the  Idaho  Copper  Mining  and  Smelting  Company, 
put  in  a  diamond  drill  in  the  mines  of  the  Miller  Point 
and  Indiana  groups  and  has  also  operated  in  other 
mines.  Mr.  Moore  has  also  charge  of  the  Wise  Boy, 
in  the  Buffalo  Hump  country,  of  which  he  owns  a  half 
interest  and  his  son  owns  one-eighth  interest.  This 
property  is  now  supplied  with  a  ten-stamp  mill,  is 
lighted  with  electricity  and  will  be  shipping  in  April, 
1903. 

On  May  I,  1874,  in  Chicago,  Mr.  Moore  married 
Miss  Frances  E.  Clark,  a  lady  of  culture  and  educa- 
tion and  to  them  have  been  born  four  children,  Avery 
C.,  in  the  legislature  from  Idaho  county;  Wilber  E., 
manager  of  the  Wise  Boy ;  Grace  E.,  in  Stanford  Uni- 
versity; Andrew,  Jr.,  in  business  college  in  Spokam 
Mr.  Moore  has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,  Avery, 
David  F.,  William  S.,  Clara  Filkins.  Mr.  Moore  i 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  while  his  wife  belongs  to 
Methodist  church.  Mr.  Moore  is  an  active  and  in 
ential  Democrat  and  in  1900  he  represented  Idaho 
county  in  the  state  legislature  and  he  drew  the  bill  and 
pushed  it  to  a  successful  passage  which  made  the  ap- 
propriaton  for  the  Salmon  river  road.  He  never 
pired  to  office  before,  but  saw  the  chance  to  do  soi 
thing  for  the  advancement  of  the  county  and  the  wel- 
fare of  the  people  and  so  did  it. 


JOHN  MACKIE  is  one  of  the  active  and  capa- 
ble mining  men  of  Idaho  county  and  has  done  much 
for  the  development  and  bringing  to  notice  the 
wealth  of  mineral  in  this  county.  He  was  born  in 
Port  Huron,  Michigan,  on  February  18,  1869,  the  so: 
oi  Thomas  and  Helen  (Stone)  Mackie,  natives  of  Ne> 
York  and  Canada  and  born  in  1834  and  1835,  re 
spectively.  They  both  still  live  in  Port  Huron.  The 
father  served  in  a  Michigan  regiment  all  through  the 
war  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Jacksonville,  be- 
sides many  others.  He  is  an  active  and  influential 
G.  A.  R.  man.  Our  subject  grew  to  young  manhood 
and  received  a  good  common  school  education  in  his 
native  place.  When  twenty  he  came  to  Denver  and 
thence  to  Boulder,  Colorado,  where  he  mined  for  tw< 
years.  Then  he  went  to  the  Salmon  City  country  and 
for  years  he  prospected  there  and  believes  it  is  a  good 
counry.  In  1893  Mr.  Mackie  was  prospecting  in 
Montana  and  then  was  in  the  Fort  Steele  country.  In 
1894  he  came  to  Warren  and  spent  four  years  there. 
He  located  some  good  properties  and  organized  the 
Fair  View  Mining  Company  for  development  of  the 
prospects.  In  1898  Mr.  Mackie  sold  out  these  interests 
and  went  to  Buffalo  Hump  country,  he  having  been  in 
there  in  the  previous  year.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
locators  in  this  district  and  believes  it  one  of  the  very 
best  that  he  has  ever  visited.  He  located  the  Banner, 
now  called  the  Wisdom,  but  he  sold  it  before  discov- 
ering its  true  value.  Mr.  Mackie  has  the  following 
claims:  Phoenix,  Atlanta,  Woncas,  Rainbow,  Lone 
Star,  besides  others  and  he  is  now  organizing  a  com- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


pany  to  develop  them.  Mr.  Mackie  is  a  Democrat  on 
the  money  question,  but  is  independent  in  all  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day  otherwise.  He  has  one  brother  and 
two  sisters,  Thomas,  Lizzie  Johnson,  Emma  Kennedy. 
Mr.  Mackie  is  well  known  and  is  a  man  of  skill  in  his 
calling  and  has  demonstrated  himself  thus. 


JOHN  C.  HALL  is  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
Idaho  market  and  in  addition  to  doing  a  general  butch- 
ering business  and  operating  a  first-class  market,  they 
buy  and  sell  stock  for  and  on  the  markets.  He  is  a 
business  man  of  good  ability  and  pays  strict  attention 
to  his  affairs,  which  gives  him  the  meed  of  good  suc- 

john  C.  Hall  was  born  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  on 
August  6,  1867,  the  son  of  John  and  Johanna  (Grif- 
fin) Hall.  They  were  born  in  Ireland  in  1827  and 
1828,  respectively.  The  father  died  in  1897.  He  was 
a  pioneer  in  Iowa,  settled  where  the  city  of  Des  Moines 
is  now  and  he  owned  considerable  property  there  and 
in  other  places  in  the  state.  1853  marks  the  date  of 
his  immigration  to  the  United  States.  The  mother 
still  lives  in  Sibley,  Iowa.  Our  subject  grew  to  man- 
hood in  his  native  place  and  acquired  a  good  educa- 
tional training  from  the  public  schools.  When  twenty- 
two  he  stepped  forth  from  the  parental  roof  to  do  for 
himself  and  farming  was  the  occupation  that  attracted 

[  him.  He  continued  at  it  there  until  1893,  when  he 
made  his  way  to  Seattle  and  worked  for  wages  for  a 

f  time.  Then  he  went  to  Walla  Walla  and  operated  an 
electric  light  plant  for  a  time.  Later  we  see  him  in 
Klickitat  county  on  a  homestead  and  in  1896  he  came 
to  Idaho  and  devoted  himself  to  mining  in  and  about 

[  Dixie.  He  prospected  and  mined  for  three  years  and 
still  has  some  fine  properties  adjoinging  the  Apex.  In 
1899  Mr.  Hall  came  and  took  part  in  the  Idaho  market 
and  since  that  time  has  devoted  himself  continuously 
to  its  success  and  operation. 

Mr.  Hall  has  four  sisters  and  three  brothers,  Mag- 
gie E.,  Thomas  and  Mary,  twins,  William,  James, 
Lizzie,  Alice.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the 
United  Artisans.  In  political  choice  Mr.  Hall  is  allied 
with  the  Democratic  party. 


ALBERT  D.  FOSTER  is  a  well  known  and  a 
prominent  man  in  Grangeville,  where  he  has  done  a 
successful  business  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  at 
present  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  popular  Idaho 
market  and  enjoys  a  liberal  patronage  from  the  peo- 
ple of  the  town  and  surrounding  country.  He  was 
born  in  the  vicinity  of  Syracuse,  New  York,  on  Aug- 
ust 26,  1857,  the  son  of  James  S.  and  Frances  (Rip- 
ley)  Foster.  The  father  was  a  real  estate  dealer  and 
commissioner  of  immigration  for  Dakota  for  years  and 
also  held  other  important  offices.  He  was  acknowl- 
edged one  of  the  most  spirited  and  enterprising  work- 
ers in  the  state.  He  was  born  in  1827  in  Salisbury, 
Connecticut,  and  died  in  Dakota  in  1892.  The  mother 


was  born  in  New  York  in  1833  and  now  lives  in  Da- 
kota. She,  as  also  her  husband,  were  descended  from 
Scotch  ancestry  and  her  forefathers  were  among  the 
first  settlers  in  the  United  States  in  colonial  days. 
Our  subject  came  to  South  Dakota  in  1864,  when  the 
family  came,  and  here  attended  school,  and  grew  to 
manhood.  He  followed  surveying  for  many  years  and 
was  also  engaged  in  raising  a'nd  handling  stock.  He 
followed  that  business  in  the  state  for  many  years  and 
met  with  flattering  success  until  the  panic  of  1893 
drove  him  to  the  wall,  as  it  did  all  others.  Then 
he  spent  some  time  in  traveling  in  the  west  and  in 
British  Columbia.  In  1894  he  decided  to  locate  in 
Grangeville.  He  opened  a  restaurant  and  operated 
it  successfully  until  1902,  when  he  sold  it.  During 
this  time,  Mr.  Foster  had  also  been  conducting  a 
butcher  shop  but  in  1901  he  sold  that  also.  The  next 
year  he  bought  an  interest  in  the  shop  again  and  in  this 
position  we  find  him  at  the  present  time. 

In  1882,  while  in  South  Dakota,  Mr.  Foster  mar- 
ried Miss  Hattie,  daughter  of  Orville  and  Eliza  (Sut- 
ton)  Wheeling.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith  and 
farmer.  He  was  born  in  the  same  place  and  the 
same  date  as  the  father  of  our  subject.  He 
served  in  the  Rebellion,  enlisting  from  Iowa,  was 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh  and  died  in  1902. 
Mrs.  Wheeling  was  born  in  Kentucky.  Mrs.  Foster 
was  born  in  Iowa  in  1864  and  taught  school  before 
she  was  married.  Mr.  Foster  has  four  sisters  and  one 
brother,  Carrie  Carney,  Cora  Miner,  Fannie  Foster, 
T.  Maxom.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Foster,  Fannie  E.  and  Clara  B.,  both  at- 
tending school.  Mr.  Foster  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  is  chairman  of  the  city  council  and  is  an  in- 
fluential and  active  factor  in  the  political  realm,  be- 
ing a  solid  Democrat. 


FRANK  BROWN  is  manager  of  the  famous 
Jumbo  mine  of  Buffalo  Hump  and  is  one  of  the  best 
posted  and  most  skillful  mining  men  in  the  county. 
He  was  born  in  Fond  du  Lac,  Wisconsin,  November  i, 
1861,  the  son  of  Michael  and  Anna  (Steffins)  Brown. 
The  father  was  a  shoemaker  and  a  native  of  Germany. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  when  young  and  served 
his  country  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  went  in- 
to service  in  1861,  was  taken  prisoner  and  knew  the 
horrors  of  Libby.  He  continued  until  the  war  closed 
and  then  went  to  Colorado  and  has  since  remained 
there  operating  in  mines.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Wisconsin  in  1840  and  died  in  May,  1878.  Her  an- 
were among  the  first  settlers  of  Wisconsin. 
parents  when 
ducated.  He 


bject  went  to  Colorado  with  his  parent 


e  was  sx  and  there  grew  up  and  was  e 
early  began  the  industry  of  mining  and  in  1 
to  Wyoming  and  Montana  where  he  mined  for  two 
years.'  He  was  interested  in  the  Cumberland,  which  is 
now  a  great  mine.  He  spent  two  years  in  the  Blue 
Point  mines  in  California  and  in  1890  he  came  to 
Idaho.  Before  coming  hither  he  had  had 
perience  in  the  places  mentioned  and  also  in  New  Mex- 


58o 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ico  and  Arizona,  and  he  is  an  expert  in  judging  ores 
and  handling  mines.  Mr.  Brown  was  one  of  the 
first  at  Buffalo  Hump  and  handled  a  store  to  furnish 
supplies  to  the  prospectors.  This  was  in  1898  and  in 
1900  he  sold  the  store  and  has  since  devoted  himself 
to  mining.  He  has  a  heavy  share  in  the  famous 
Jumbo  and  also  has  interests  in  thirty  other  prospects 
and  mines  in  the  district. 

In  1894  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss  Florence,  daugh- 
ter of  William  and  Mary  Marlatt.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  France  and  mined  here  in  Florence  in  early 
days.  Mrs.  Brown  was  born  in  Dayton,  Washing- 
ton, in  1874,  and  has  nine  brothers  and  three  sisters. 
Mr.  Brown  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
John  W.,  Mary  McCullough,  Lizzie  Moffitt,  Katie 
Adams,  Maggie  Moore.  Three  children  have  been 
born  to  this  marriage,  Lottie,  Florence,  Benjamin. 
Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  and  was  county 
commissioner  for  two  years  of  this  county.  He  was 
condidate  for  auditor  in  1902  but  the  Democratic 
majority  of  the  county  was  not  quite  overcome.  He 
is  a  strong  Republican  and  has  always  been  a  wheel 
horse.  Mr.  Brown  lives  in  Mt.  Idaho  and  in  addition 
to  his  mining  interests  he  owns  property  in  Lewiston 
and  in  the  Hump. 


FRANCIS  E.  McMILLEN.  A  real  westerner  in 
the  true  sense  of  the  word,  a  man  of  experience  equal 
to  the  famous  characters  of  frontier  literature  and  one 
whose  constant  life  of  prospecting,  mining,  hunting, 
guiding,  and  out-door  existence  has  conformed  to  the 
real  things  of  life  and  made  him  one  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial and  stanch  citizens  of  the  state  of  Idaho, — such 
is  the  subject  of  this  article  and  it  is  with  unfeigned 
pleasure  that  we  are  pivileged  to  chronicle  the  points 
of  his  interesting  career. 

Francis  E.  McMillen  was  born  in  Jefferson  county, 
Ohio,  on  November  5,  1864,  the  son  of  Robert  T.,  and 
Matilda  E.  (Miller)  McMillen.  The  father  was  born 
in  Harrisonburg,  Pennsylvania,  in  1828  and  died  in 
1886.  His  father  was  in  the  Revolution  and  he  having 
a  large  government  contract  at  the  time  of  Civil  war 


was  freed  from  military  service.     The  mother  of  our 
subject,  born  in  Virginia  in  1832,  still  lives  in  Ohio, 
Her  ancestors,  as  were  her  husband's,  were  of  the 
sturdy   Scotch   and   served   in   the   Revolution,   being  - 
some  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  new  world.     Our  i 
subject  attended  school  in  Ohio  until  thirteen'  and  then 
came  overland  to  Boise  in  1877.    He  handled  the  bell 
mare  of  the  train  that  went  into  Warren  and  he  mined, 
and  later  went  east,  returning  to  Tuscarara,  Nevada, 
where  he  sold  a  mine.    The  next  we  see  him  in  the  Boise 
basin  placer  mining  and  selling  claims.     He  did  well  \ 
and  in  1883  he  was  in  the  Indian  war  at  Bruno.    He  f 
was  shot  through  the  thigh  and  several  of  the  others 
were  wounded  by  the  Indians.    He  was  under  Captain 
Mitchell.     A  Mr.  Hawes  and  Mrs.  George  T.  Miller 
were  massacred  by  the  Indians.     Mr.  McMillen  mined 
south  of  the  Humboldt  mountains,  then  came  to  the 
Wood  river  district  and  did  well.    In  1883  he  wintered 
in  Boise  and  then  came  north  into  Idaho  county.     He 
was  in  search  of  the  famous  Gates  mine,  from' which 
Mr.  Gates  took  rich  ore  in  the'  time  of  the  Sheepe 
war.     Before  the  excitement  into  Thunder  mountain, 
Mr.  McMillen  located  claims  there.    In  1885  he  wa 
the  Sea  Foam  camp  and  a  prominent  locater  there.    He 
located  property  in  all  the  leading  camps  of  this  se 
tion  and  now  owns  good  property  in  all  the  camps 
this  county  and  in  many  others.     He  was  also  one 
the  diligent  searchers  for  the  lead  which  produced  the 
float  which  has  led  so  many  in  tours,  but  Mr.  McMillen 
thinks  it  came  from  the  Kimberly  group.    Mr.  McMil- 
len is  still  searching  the  mountains,  which  he  know 
the  seaman  does  the  sea,  and  still  takes  great  plea; 
in  the  invigorating  and  stimulating  trips  to  the  fast- 
ness of  nature's  treasure  vault.    In  all  this  time,  he  has 

a  skillful  hand  in  these  lines. 

Mr.  McMillen  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
tt-rs :  Elmer,  John,  Clarence,  Charles,  Dora  Montgom- 
ery, Martha  Coston,  Ida  Easters.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  P.  and  W.  of  W.,  at  Walla  Walla.  In  Feb-  : 
ruary,  1894,  Mr.  McMillen  went  to  the  far  away  fields 
of  Alaska  and  returned  in  the  following  June.  He  went 
again  in  the  spring  of  1898,  but  was  forced  out  by  pneu- 
monia. Mr.  McMillen  is  a  firm  Presbyterian  and  a 


PART  IV. 

HISTORY  OF  LATAH  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


SETTLEMENT. 


The  history  of  Latah  county  as  a  political  divi- 
sion of  Idaho  begins  in  1888;  the  history  of  the  peo- 
ple now  living  within  its  legal  boundaries,  of  their 
commercial,  industrial  and  educational  institutions,  is 
almost  coeval  with  that  of  Idaho  itself.  The  ter- 
ritorial government  was  formed  in  1863  at  Lewiston, 
which  was  even  then  a  growing  frontier  town.  Just 
across  the  river  on  the  north,  rise  the  hills  of  the  Pa- 
louse.  While  it  was  at  first  thought  that  these  hills 
were  worthless  except  as  grazing  lands,  it  was  not 
many  years  before  settlements  were  made  in  some  of 
the  small  valleys  and  as  early  as  1878  Asbury  Lieu- 
alien  had  established  a  postoffice  at  Moscow,  thirty 
miles  north  of  Lewiston.  The  first  agricultural  set- 
tlements made  in  the  county  were  about  Genesee  and 
Moscow  in  1871  and  1872.  Before  its  removal  to  Mos- 
cow, Lieuallen's  postoffice  had  existed  for  some  years  at 
what  was  called  Paradise  City,  one  mile  east  of  the 
present  business  center  of  the  town.  There  were 
pioneer  settlements  also  farther  south.  The  Hall  and 
Caldwell  cattle  ranch  was  occupied  in  1868;  Jacob 
Kambitsch  settled  on  Cow  creek  very  near  the  present 
site  of  the  town  of  Genesee  in  1871  and  in  1872  there 
was  quite  an  immigration  of  settlers  into  this  valley, 
the  town  of  Genesee  starting  but  three  years  later.  In 
the  northern  part  of  the  county  William  Ewing  set- 
tled on  Palouse  river  in  1869  engaging  in  the  cattle 
business.  There  are  but  a  few  of  the  earlier  settle- 
ments. Others  coming  into  Paradise  valley  about  the 
same  time  or  a  little  later  were  G.  W.  Tomer,  W.  J. 
Hamilton,  Bennet  Summerfield,  William  Frazier, 
James  and  Albert  Howard,  James  Cox,  John  Russell, 
Silas  Imbler,  James  Montgomery.  This  is  not  the 
entire  list  but  these  are  well  known  to  all  early  set- 
tlers as  men  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  those  times. 


Latah  being  a  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county  until 
1888,  its  early  history  will  be  told  in  the  chapter  on 
Nez  Perces  county,  but  we  will  review  in  this  chapter 
those  incidents  which  have  direct  bearing  on  Latah's 
future  development  and  are  of  local  interest  to  those 
who  made  early  settlement  within  its  present  boundar- 
ies and  are  still  active  factors  in  progress. 

No  sooner  had  the  first'  locations  been  made  than 
there  was  a  demand  for  a  postoffice,  which  was  estab- 
lished early  in  1872  at  the  point  described  above  and 
V.  Craig  received  the  appointment  as  postmaster.     A 
mail  route  was  at  once  established  between  Lewiston 
and  Paradise  City  postoffice  and  John  Denny  was  the 
first  mail  carrier.     It  was  a  pony  route  and  Paradise 
City  was  its  terminus  until  about  1875,  when  it  was  ex- 
tended   to    Farmington.      In    a    short    time    regular 
stages  were  put  on  the  road  and  such  noted  characters 
as  Major  Wimpsey,  Joseph  Cox,  Felix  Warren  and 
I  Tom  La  Dow  were  for  several  years  drivers  over  this 
I   route  as  well  as  over  routes  established  to  the  mining 
regions  on  the  northeast  and  east.     While  stage  driv- 
ing here  in  early  days  was  not  fraught  with  so  many 
I   of  the  dangers  that  lurked  in  the  way  of  the  stages 
j   in  many  other  far  western  regions,  yet  the  roads  were 
I   not  infrequently  cut   at  dizzy  heights   along  the  de- 
clivitous sides  of  gulches  and  canyons ;  highwaymen 
|   were  sometimes  met  with,  and  the  stage  driver  had 
necessarily  to  be  a  man  of  courage  and  skill.     Travel 
,  over  these  routes  was  never  seriously  interfered  with 
by  Indians.     For  some  time  during  the  Indian  scare 
in  1876  and  1877,  travelers  entered  the  stage  with  more 
or  less  apprehension  and  precautionary  measures  were 
taken  to  insure  the  safety  of  passengers  and  the  safe 
delivery    of    mails.      Drivers    were    well    armed    and 
guards   at  times   accompanied   them,   especially   when 


582 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


packages  of  great  value  were  being  carried.  Although 
the  Indian  scare  and  the  highwayman  are  both  prac- 
tically things  of  the  past,  some  of  the  old  stage  routes 
are  still  in  use,  not  by  pony  riders  and  stages,  but  by 
farmers  and  travelers  across  the  country.  They  have 
not  yet  lost  all  of  their  primitive  characteristics  and 
the  tenderfoot  rounds  their  curves  and  goes  down  their 
sheer  declivities  with  emotions  that  are  more  easily 
experienced  than  described.  Notable  among  these  old 
highways  is  the  road  now  in  use  from  Genesee  via 
Uniontown,  down  the  Snake  river  breaks  to  Lewiston, 
where  a  descent  is  made  from  an  elevation  of  over 
2,500  feet  to  an  elevation  of  600  feet  in  about  four 
miles.  Citizens  of  Genesee  will  remember  a  ride  taken 
over  this  road  a  few  months  ago  by  two  of  their  num- 
ber who  had  recently  arrived  from  an  eastern  state 
and  settled  in  their  midst.  Before  starting  they  were 
advised  by  some  of  their  friends  who  knew  the  road,  to 
be  very  good  to  the  driver  as  there  were  some  steep 
hills  to  descend  and  they  would  want  him  to  drive 
slowly.  The  "friends"  had  been  specific  in  their  ad- 
vice and  consequently  when  the  party  started  the  new- 
comers had  with  them  two  quarts  of  whiskey  with 
which  they  at  once  began  to  treat  the  driver.  The 
driver  appreciated  this  unusual  kindness,  became  very 
much  devoted  to  the  bottles  and  by  the  time  they  had 
reached  the  breaks  was  in  condition  to  face  any  dan- 
ger and  take  any  risk.  Before  commencing  the  de- 
scent he  took  a  ;'long  pull"  at  the  stimulants,  rose  in 
his  seat,  and,  to  the  consternation  of  his  passengers, 
swung  the  whip  across  the  backs  of  his  horses,  gave 
a  wild  "whoop"  and  plunged  down  the  canyon  road 
at  break-neck  speed.  No  amount  of  entreaty  or  per- 
suasion could  induce  him  to  slacken  speed.  Dan- 
gerous curves  were  rounded  in  a  flash,  the 
hack  bounding  over  rocks  and  swinging  danger- 
ously close  to  the  edge  of  the  almost  perpendicu- 
lar walls  falling  down  from  the  roadbed ;  steep 
descents  and  ascents  were  made  with  the  same  reck- 
less speed  and  there  was  not  a  moment's  pause 
until  the  ferry  over  the  Clearwater  river  was  reached 
at  the  bottom.  The  passengers  clung  furiously  to  the 
sides  of  the  hack  allowing  their  hats  and  parcels  to 
sail  away  into  the  air  and  roll  down  the  rocky  canyon 
sides  hundreds  of  feet  to  the  bottom.  In  the  begin- 
ning they  rent  the  air  with  yells  of  terror  and  appre- 
hension but  the  latter  half  of  the  wild  ride  was  taken 
in  death-like  silence  and  when  the  river  level  was 
reached  they  had  to  be  assisted  from  the  wagon. 
Once  more  finding  themselves  on  terra  firrria  they  re- 
fused to  accompany  their  driver  further  but  found 
other  conveyances  into  Lewiston,  returning  eventually 
to  Genesee  by  another  road. 

The  early  mails  over  these  roads  were  irregular.  In 
the  beginning,  where  everything  was  carried  on  horse- 
back, the  trips  were  only  made  weekly  and  for  some 
time  after  the  extension  of  the  line  to  Farmington  the 
weekly  schedule  was  continued.  During  the  summer 
and  fall  months  the  mails  came  and  went  with  a  con- 
siderable degree  of  regularity,  but  when  the  muddy 
or  stormy  winter  season  overtook  the  country  Gene- 
see  and  Paradise  valleys  were  sometimes  without  mail 


for  two  or  three  weeks.  In  a  speech  recently  delivered 
before  the  Pioneers'  Association  of  Latah  county, 
pioneer  A.  J.  Green,  of  Moscow,  told  of  the  difficulty 
in  getting  mail  across  the  Clearwater  river  at  Lewis- 
ton.  When  storms  prevented  the  operation  of  the 
ferry,  mail  was  sometimes  placed  in  a  basket  and 
hung  on  the  the  ferry  cable,  when  it  was  drawn  over 
the  river  by  a  rope  kept  in  place  for  the  purpose.  The 
mail  service  did  not  improve  much  until  some  time  in  ' 
the  'eighties.  As  late  as  1881  the  service  was  far  '. 
from  being  in  a  state  of  perfection.  When  President 
Garfield  was  shot  in  1881  it  was  two  weeks  before  the 
people  of  Paradise  valley  were  generally  apprised  of 
the  assassination.  The  news  reached  the  village  of 
Moscow  through  a  chance  traveler  from  Lewiston; 
farmers  who  happened  into  the  village  carried  it  home 
to  neighbors  and  thus  it  was  gradually  spread.  With 
easy  means  of  travel  and  communication  now  on  every 
hand  it  is  difficult  to  realize  the  full  measure  of  incon- 
veniences and  hardships  with  which  the  early  settlers 
had  to  contend.  Until  1879  Walla  Walla,  one' hundred 
miles  away,  was  the  supply  point  for  all  the  Palouse 
country.  Lewiston  was  nearer  but  it  was  next  to  in- 
accessible ;  it  was  not  a  produce  market  and  prices  were 
next  to  prohibitive  on  every  article  of  merchandise  the 
Palouse  farmer  needed.  Enormous  crops  of  grain  and 
vegetables  were  raised  in  1879  and  1880,  but  every- 
thing had  to  be  hauled  to  Walla  Walla,  or  to  Waw- 
awai  and  shipped  by  boat  to  Portland.  The  cost  of 
transportation  was  very  great  and  the  margin  of  profit 
to  the  farmers  was  correspondingly  small.  A  trip 
to  Walla  Walla  sometimes  occupied  weeks;  the  far- 
mer could  not  leave  his  crops  except  at  a  time  when 
the  roads  were  in  bad  condition;  yet  for  years,  from 
1871  to  1879,  he  must  take  this  long  journey  annually, 
for  flour,  sugar,  tea,  coffee  and  other  necessities,  pay- 
ing 50  cents  per  pound  for  sugar,  $i  per  gallon  for 
oil,  16  cents  per  pound  for  flour,  etc.  Some  of  these 
articles  were  regarded  as  luxuries  and  then  the  set- 
tlers did  not  always  indulge  themselves. 

In  1876  a  sawmill  was  built  by  parties  named 
Stewart  and  Beach  at  a  point  about  six  miles  north- 
east of  the  present  site  of  Moscow ;  this  was  the  first 
sawmill  brought  north  of  Snake  river.  It  was  a  small 
affair  and  was  only  in  operation  a  few  months  when 
it  was  sold  to  parties  at  Colfax  and  taken  out  of  the 
country.  In  1877  R.  H.  Barton  came  to  the  Palouse 
country  and  with  him  were  S.  J.  Langdon  and  Zack 
Kump.  They  came  all  the  way  from  Corinne,  Utah, 
with  an  ox  team,  bringing  with  them  a  portable  saw- 
mill. Mr.  Barton  settled  at  the  edge  of  the  timbered 
foothills,  six  miles  northeast  of  Moscow,  and  here  on 
the  southeast  quarter  of  section  twenty-six,  town  forty 
north,  range  five  west,  the  sawmill  was  put  in  opera- 
tion in  the  fall  of  1877.  Zack  Kump  eventually  sold 
his  interest  in  the  mill  to  Hiram  Epperly,  and  for 
eighteen  months  Messrs.  Barton,  Langdon  and  Ep- 
perly conducted  the  sawmill,  furnishing  all  the  lum- 
ber used  in  Moscow,  including  that  used  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  first  hotel,  the  Barton  House. 

In  a  work  of  this  scope  there  is  not  space  for  many 
interesting  details  associated  with  the  growth  of  a  set- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


tlement  or  with  the  development  of  an  industry,  de- 
picting individual  successes  and  failures  and  dwelling 

the  tragedies,  comedies  or  pastorals  of  every  day  pio- 
neer life.  This  is  rather  the  function  of  the  biographer 
than  of  the  historian.  However,  as  the  history  of  a 
community  or  of  a  state  is  the  history  of  its  people,  the 
citizen  must  of  necessity  be  associated  in  his  indi- 
vidual capacity  with  the  history  of  the  industries  and  in- 
stitutions of  the  community  in  which  he  resides  or  -has 
resided.  The  pioneer  of  husbandry,  of  commercial  in- 
dustry, of  political  or  educational  institution  is  held  in 
high  esteem  by  his  followers  and  is  entitled  to  a  place 
in  the  records  of  his  commonwealth.  From  various 
sources  we  have  gathered  detached  items  of  information 
that  are  worthy  of  record  in  the  annals  of  Latah  county, 
showing  as  they  do  the  spirit  of  the  people  and  associat- 
ing individuals  prominently  with  the  pastoral,  social  and 
educational  life  of  the  early  days.  At  a  Fourth  of  July 
celebration  held  at  the  foot  of  Moscow  mountain  in 
1878,  S.  J.  Langdon  was  president  of  the  day;  Mrs. 
Kpperly,  Mary  and  George  Langdon  furnished  music 
for  the  occasion,  while  speeches  were  made  by  R.  H. 
Barton,  S.  J.  Langdon,  G.  W.  Tomer  and  Dr.  Blake. 
At  this  meeting  it  was  stated  by  one  of  the  speakers 
that  the  first  Paradise  valley  school  house  was  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  preemption  claim  of  L.  Haskens 
and  the  first  school  was  taught  by  Noah  Lieuallen.  The 
building  was  put  up  in  1871.  During  a  speech  made 
by  R.  H.  Barton  before  the  Pioneer  Association  in  1892, 
the  speaker  exhibited  a  stool  used  by  the  teachers  in 
this  school  house ;  it  was  all  that  was  saved  when  the 
house  was  burned  in  1880.  The  stool  was  made  from 
a  section  of  tree  split  in  half.  In  one  of  the  halves  had 
been  fitted  three  pegs  which  served  as  legs.  It  is  still 
preserved  by  the  Pioneers'  Association.  Quoting  from 
this  speech  of  Mr.  Barton's,  we  learn  that  William 
Ewing  located  on  the  Palouse  river  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  county  in  1869  and  a  year  later  Thomas  Tierney 
located  on  Thorn  Creek.  These  were  among  the  very 
first  settlers  in  the  county.  Quoting  from  a  speech 
made  before  the  Pioneers'  Association  December  28, 
1894,  by  J.  L.  Naylor,  of  Moscow,  we  learn  that  Dr. 
Blake  and  G.  W.  Christie  were  pioneer  justices  of  the 
peace  and  that  William  Groat,  S.  J.  Langdon,  William 
King  and  G.  W.  Tomer  were  pioneer  members  of  the 
territorial  legislature.  The  first  frame  houses  in  the 
county  were  erected  by  Henry  Trimble,  David  Allen 
and  E.  N.  DeLong,  near  Moscow,  and  the  first  sod 
turned  over  with  a  plow  in  this  great  agricultural  coun- 
ty was  turned  a  few  miles  southeast  of  Moscow  by 
Henry  Trimble. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  speech  made  at 
a  pioneers'  meeting  June  14,  1893,  by  Hon.  Willis 
Sweet :  "I  remember  well  the  ruin  of  the  stockade  that 
stood  back  of  Charles  Moore's  place.  In  the  early 
•'eighties  it  was  a  conspicuous  relic  of  the  exciting  days 
when  Joseph  and  his  hostiles  carried  ruin  and  death 
to  so  many  homes  in  northern  Idaho.  That  cruel  ex- 
tremity you  were  spared  ;  but  your  hardships  were  many 
compared  with  the  surroundings  you  now  enjoy.  You 
traveled  to  Walla  Walla  for  your  flour  and  many  other 


hc-usehokl  necessities.  And  such  roads !"  The  follow- 
ing is  the  history  of  the  stockade :  In  June,  1877,  came 
the  Joseph  Indian  war.  At  the  first  alarm  the  settlers 
with  their  families  sought  safety  in  temporary  forts 
and  stockades  that  were  hastily  constructed  as  a  pro- 
tection against  the  raids  of  the  treacherous  redskins. 
The  first  stockade  was  built  near  the  residence  formerly 
occupied  by  J.  S.  Howard,  who  died  in  the  early 
'eighties.  The  permanent  stockade  was  built  where 
part  of  Moscow  now  stands,  back  of  the  residence  of 
John  Russell  and  now  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Tulia  A. 
Moore.  The  stockade  was  built  of  logs  from  six  to  ten 
inches  in  diameter,  set  on  end  in  the  ground  close  to- 
gether. They  were  hauled  from  the  mountains  six 
miles  distant  and  at  a  time  when  it  was  taking  a  man's 
life  in  his  hands  to  make  the  trip.  These  old  posts  may 
yet  be  seen  along  the  road  to  the  south  of  the  Moore 
residence.  Here  about  thirty  settlers  and  their  fam- 
ilies spent  many  anxious  days  and  night.  The  greatest 
danger  was  from  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indians  of  the 
north  joining  their  forces  with  those  of  the  wily  leader 
of  the  Nez  Perces  and  making  a  raid  on  the  settlers 
who  were  very  poorly  supplied  with  arms  and  more 
poorly  supplied  with  ammunition.  But  through  the  ef- 
forts of  their  chief,  who  was  always  peaceably  disposed 
towards  the  whites,  and  the  timely  assistance  of  the 
good  Father  Cataldo,  the  mission  priest,  they  were  held 
in  check.  In  the  meantime  the  United  States  troops 
and  volunteers  pressed  the  hostile  Joseph  and  his  war- 
riors so  hard  that  they  retreated  across  the  old  Lolo 
trail  to  Montana,  where  they  were  finally  captured. 
The  very  scarcity  of  settlers  in  this  section  caused  the 
savages  to  turn  their  attention  southward  towards 
Grangeville  and  Mt.  Idaho,  where  there  were  more 
scalps  and  plunder  to  be  obtained.  Greater  alarm  than 
would  perhaps  otherwise  have  existed  was  caused  by 
the  killing  of  John  Richie,  who  was  shot  by  an  Indian 
while  standing  in  the  doorway  of  his  house  in  Pine 
Creek.  This  apparently  confirmed  the  report  that  the 
Spokane  and  Couer  d'Alene  Indians  would  join  the 
Nez  Perces  in  a  general  war  against  the  whites. 

At  the  time  of  the  Bannock  Indian  war  in  1878. 
Latah  county  citizens  prepared  for  emergencies  by  or- 
ganizing two  companies  of  volunteers  who  held  them- 
>lves  in  readiness  to  respond  to  any  call  that  might 
be  made  for  their  services.  Moscow  had  a  company 
if  forty  or  fifty  men,  officered  by  W.  D.  Robbins,  cap- 
lin,  and  Henry  McGregor,  first  lieutenant.  At  the 
awmill  northeast  of  town  was  another  company  equally 
s  large  of  which  S.  J.  Langdon  was  captain;  R.  H. 
Barton,  first  lieutenant;  H.  S.  Epperly,  second  lieu- 
tenant, and  J.  L.  Naylor,  orderly.  Guns  were  secured 
from  Lewiston  for  which  happily  there  proved  to  be  no 
leed,  as  the  Indians  did  not  appear  in  this  part  of 
.he  country. 

To  show  something  of  the  rapidity  with  which  the 
Palouse  country  was  settled  during  the  'seventies,  we 
:produce  some  correspondence  taken   from  an  issue 
of  the  old  Lewiston  Teller,  dated  June  9,  1881.     The 
'ior  of  the  correspondence  was  the  editor  of  the 
Teller  at  the  time  and  was  on  an  overland  trip  from 
Lewiston  to  Spokane.  The  camping  places  referred  to 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


were  along  the  Idaho-Washington  state  line  north  of 
Moscow.  "It  is  hard  to  describe  the  changes  that  have 
taken  place  since  I  camped  here  nine  years  ago  (1872), 
when  not  a  solitary  habitation  could  be  found  within 
many  miles  of  this  place.  At  that  time  we  had  been 
riding  north  from  Lewiston  to  find  settlers  to  sign  a 
petition  for  a  mail  route  from  Lewiston  north  to  Spo- 
kane Bridge.  We  crossed  at  the  forks  of  Hangman's 
creek  then  turned  and  went  down  the  north  side  and 
'about  every  half  mile  found  a  statue  with  a  shingle 
nailed  to  it,  upon  which  was  written  the  name  of  some 
man  with  the  announcement  that  he  claimed  a  tract  of 
land  at  or  near  that  point.  Until  we  went  down  the 
creek  about  eight  miles  we  found  no  settler.  Then  we 
found  the  savage  family.  Further  down  we  found  fif- 
teen or  twenty  persons  camped,  among  them  Major 
Wimpy.  'They  were  cutting  hay  and  getting  timber  in 
the  mountains  and  making  other  preparations  for  the 
beginning  of  permanent  homes.  On  our  return  we 
found  six  or  seven  log  structures  completed  and  occu- 
pied. We  now  find  almost  the  entire  section  within 
a  radius  of  eight  or  ten  miles  absorbed  by  settlers,  save 
the  railroad  reserves,  and  many  of  these  have  been 
occupied  and  much  improved.  Good  homes  have  been 
built,  good  fences  and  extensively  improved  fields  are 
everywhere  visible  and  the  acreage  under  cultivation  is 
large. 

A  gap  in  the  divide  between  the  two  mentioned 
creeks  led  us  by  a  good  wagon  road  into  the  Rock  creek 
valley,  which  now  contains  from  125  to  140  voters  with 
their  families,  which  ought  to  give  a  population  of 
from  700  to  1,000.  When  we  passed  through  this 
country  nine  years  ago  over  the  Indian  trails  leading 
from  Lapwai  to  the  Spokane,  not  a  solitary  habitation 
was  visible  throughout  the  whole  vast  extent  of  prairie 
land  from  Moscow  north.  Now  Genesee  valley,  Paradise 
valley,  Strawberry  valley  and  Rock  creek  valley  are 
settled  and  the  greater  portion  of  the  lands  occupied." 

At  the  second  session  of  the  territorial  legislature 
which  convened  at  Lewiston,  November  i4th  and  ad- 
journed December  23d,  1864,  the  following  act  was 
passed  and  approved :  "An  Act  creating  the  Counties 
of  Lah-toh  and  Kootenai.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  Idaho  as  follows : 
Section  I.  That  all  that  portion  of  Idaho  Territory 
embraced  within  the  fojlowing  described  boundaries, 
be  and  the  same  is  hereby  created  into,  and  shall  be 
known  as  the  county  of  Lah-toh,  to  wit:  Beginning 
at  a  point  in  the  main  channel  of  the  Snake  River  at 
its  junction  with  the  Clearwater  River;  thence  running 
due  north  along  the  dividing  line  between  Washington 
and  Idaho  territories,  to  the  forty-eighth  degree  of 
north  latitude ;  thence  east  with  said  degree  of  latitude 
t-ntil  it  interesects  the  boundary  line  of  Shoshone  coun- 
ty ;  thence  south  with  the  boundary  line  of  said  county 
to  the  middle  channel  of  Clearwater  river ;  thence  with 
the  channel  of  said  river  to  its  junction  with  the  Snake 
river  to  the  place  of  beginning ;  and  the  county  seat  of 
said  county  of  Lah-toh  is  hereby  located  at  Couer 
cFAlene."  ' 

At  the  fourth  session  of  the  territorial  legislature 
which  convened  at  Boise  December  3,  1866,  and  ad- 


journed January  n,  1867,  an  amendatory  act  was 
passed  redescribing  the  boundaries  of  Kootenai  county 
and  repealing  section  i  of  the  act  of  1864,  which  created 
Lah-toh  county.  In  the  fall  of  the  year  1878  the  peo- 
ple in  and  around  Moscow,  and  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  county  determined  to  organize  the  county  of  Lah- 
toh  under  the  assembly  act  of  1864.  They  were  for 
some  reason  without  knowledge  of  the  amendatory  leg- 
islation of  1867.  Meetings  were  held  at  Moscow  and 
elsewhere,  a  petition  having  the  required  fifty  signatures 
was  secured  and  forwarded  to  Governor  Brayman  with 
the  request  that  he  appoint  commissioners.  By  the 
old  act  the  48th  parallel  of  latitude  was  named  as 
the  northern  boundary  and  Coeur  d'Alene  as  the  tem- 
porary county  seat.  Governor  Brayman  had  also  over- 
looked the  repealing  act  of  1867  and  granted  the  re- 
quest of  the  petitioners,  going  so  far  as  to  appoint  com- 
missioners in  the  persons  of  Messrs.  Canfield,  Rankin 
and  Martin,  residents  in  the  vicinity  of  Coeur  d'Alene. 
Governor  and  people  were  not  long  in  discovering  their 
mistake,  however,  and  the  movement  to  organize  Lah- 
toh  county  was  for  the  time  dropped.  Again  in  1881 
a  petition  and  communication  were  forwarded  from 
Coeur  d'Alene  to  Governor  John  B.  Neil  asking  for  the 
appointment  •  of  commissioners  for  the  county  of  Lah- 
toh.  This  the  governor  replied  he  could  not  do  under 
existing  laws  and  cited  the  petitions  to  the  acts  of  1864 
and  1867.  As  the  northern  boundary  line  of  Nez  Perces 
county  had  been  in  the  meantime  established  on  the  di- 
vide between  Hangmans'  creek  and  Palouse  river  by 
the  government  survey  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indian 
reservation,  and  as  the  act  of  1867  described  Kootenai 
county  as  embracing  all  territory  north  of  Nez  Perces 
county,  the  petitioners  found  that  they  were  no  longer 
in  the  Lah-toh  county  described  by  the  act  of  1864. 
LTpon  the  return  of  the  papers  from  Governor  Neil, 
therefore,  they  substituted  the  name  of  "Kootenai"  for 
"Lah-toh"  and  at  once  sent  them  back  for  his  recon- 
sideration. The  following  extract  from  a  letter  pub- 
lished in  the  Lewiston  Teller  explains  the  action  of  the 
petitioners  at  Coeur  d'Alene:  "Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho 
Ty.,  July  22,  1881.  A.  Leland  Esq. :  Shortly  after 
you  left  here  we  received  a  letter  from  Governor  Neil 
disapproving  of  our  county  organization  under  the 
name  of  Lah-toh.  We  at  once  took  the  necessary  legal 
steps  to  organize  as  Kootenai  county.  The  territorial 
officers  have  acknowledged  us  and  we  are  now  a  de 
facto  and  de  jure  government  under  the  name  of 
Kootenai,  etc.,"  Messrs.  Canfield,  Rankin  and  Martin 
became  Kootenai  county  instead  of  Lah-toh  county 
commissioners. 

In  September,  1885,  the  O.  R.  &  N!  railroad  reached 
Moscow,  which  has  remained  the  terminus  of  the  road 
since  that  date.  During  the  summer  of  1883  commit- 
tees from  Colfax,  Pullman  and  Moscow  visited  the 
farmers  along  the  proposed  route  of  the  railway  and 
secured  the  right  of  way.  All  the  country  needed  in 
order  to  make  it  exceedingly  prosperous  was  transpor- 
tation facilities.  It  is  not  our  purpose  to  recount  here 
.  the  history  of  the  building  of  the  railroad.  In  another 
portion  of  this  work  a  special  chapter  has  been  devoted 
to  railroad  schemes  and  railroad  construction  and  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


585 


this  chapter  the  reader  will  find  details  concerning  the 
O.  R.  &  N.  and  N.  P.  Railroad.  The  O.  R.  &  N. 
reached  Moscow  about  the  middle  of  September  and 
the  first  cars  crossed  the  Idaho- Washington  line  and 
ran  into  Moscow  on  the  23d  of  the  month.  There  was 
general  and  great  rejoicing;  salutes  were  fired,  whis- 
tles blown,  and  speeches  made.  Wednesday,  the  day 
of  the  arrival  of  the  first  train,  witnessed  a  grand  cele- 
bration and  on  Friday  a  grand  ball  was  held  which  was 
attended  by  hundreds.  The  results  following  the  com- 
pletion of  the  road  can  never  be  properly  estimated. 
They  were  not  all  manifested  in  a  year  or  in  a  decade ; 
they  are  accumulating  still  and  must  ever  continue  to 
accumulate  for  the  agricultural  resources  of  the  county 
are  practically  inexhaustible  and  all  industrial  interests 
must  grow  and  keep  pace  with  the  gradual  develop- 
ment of  these  resources. 

There  is  an  interesting  reminiscence  entitled  to  a 
place  here,  in  explanation  of  the  old  railroad  grade 
which  runs  through  the  north  end  of  town,  but  which 
has  never  been  used.  At  the  time  the  O.  R.  &  N.  was 
projected,  Miles  C.  Moore,  of  Walla  Walla,  and  Charles 
Moore,  of  Moscow,  were  joint  owners  of  a  tract  of 
land  on  the  north  side  of  Moscow  and  they  induced  the 
company  to  build  their  grade  through  this  tract,  giv- 
ing them  the  right  of  way.  In  return  for  this  conces- 
sion, they  demanded  exclusive  warehouse  privileges  for 
a  term  o'f  years.  W.  J.  McConnell,  W.  W.  Baker,  A. 
A.  Lieuallen  and  others  living  in  the  north  end  of  town 
were  also  desirous,  because  of  their  property. holdings, 
that  the  road  should  use  this  end  of  town  for  their 
terminal  equipment.  There  were  those  in  the  south  end 
of  town  who  were  not  averse  to  having  the  road  cross 
their  property  and  as  the  company  was  loathe  to  grant 
exclusive  warehouse  privileges  to  anyone,  circumstances 
rather  favored  the  southenders.  Both  Field  Engineer 
McClellan  and  a  new  chief  who  had  just  come  upon  the 
ground  favored  the  south  end,  claiming  that  if  the 
company  ever  wanted  to  extend  the  line  east  they  could 
not  get  out  of  town  by  the  north  end  route.  The  chief 
and  his  assistants  were  boarding  at  the  Barton  house 
at  the  time  and  R.  H.  Barton,  accidentally  learning 
their  views,  at  once  took  steps  to  push  matters  to  a 
conclusion.  Henry  McGregor  and  James  Deakin  were 
the  owners  of  land  on  either  side  of  the  present  main 
street  in  the  south  end  of  town.  It  was  night,  but  Bar- 
ton hurriedly  summoned  M.  J.  Shields,  Henry  Durn- 
ham  and  John  Kanaley  to  a  special  meeting  to  be  held 
on  the  bridge  south  o'f  town.  He  then  located  James 
Deakin  and  Henry  McGregor  and  piloted  them  to  the 
bridge.  Here  the  situation  was  explained  to  the  land 
owners,  and  after  some  vigorous  characteristic  speeches 
by  Shields  and  Barton,  and  promises  of  an  equal  dis- 
tribution of  their  loss  involved  in  the  concessions  de- 
sired, they  readily  consented  to  give  the  railroad  any- 
thing they  wanted  in  the  way  of  right  of  wav  through 
their  places,  provided  they  would  change  the  route. 
The  party  then  disbanded  and  Mr.  Barton  informed 
the  engineers  that  if  they  would  survey  the  line  through 
south  Moscow  they  could  have  all  the  land  needed 
there  for  tracks,  depot,  etc.  The  offer  was  at  once  com- 


municated to  the  officials  at  Portland  with  the  rec- 
ommendation that  it  be  accepted.  On  the  following 
day  M.  C.  Moore  was  in  Portland  and  repaired  to  the 
offices  of  the  railroad  company  to  press  his  claim  for 
warehouse  privileges.  The  officials  were  independent 
and  refused  to  make  any  concession  of  this  character. 
Some  "puts  and  calls"  were  exchanged  and  at  the  close 
of  the  argument,  a  message  was  sent  to  the  engineers 
at  Moscow  to  survey  the  new  route.  This  was  at  once 
done  and  the  old  grade  was  abandoned.  This  was  the 
sequel  to  the  midnight  meeting  on  the  bridge. 

Turning  again  to  an  earlier  period  in  the  history 
of  the  county,  let  us  record  briefly  the  work  of  those 
who  followed  the  argonauts  of  the  'fifties,  'sixties  and 
seventies  in  their  quest  for  golden  treasure.  These 
men  were  not  in  search  of  pastoral  lands,  and  had  they 
been,  they  would  not  have  builded  their  homes  in  the 
Palouse  country,  for  it  was  not  thought  possible  in 
those  days  to  produce  crops  on  the  hills  of  Genesee  and 
Paradise  valleys,  nor  on  the  ridges  of  the  Potlatch. 
Ten  years  before  a  new  one  considered  the  Latah  coun- 
try adapted  to  agricultural  pursuits,  mining  was  car- 
ried on  in  various  parts  of  the  county.  As  far  back 
as  1862  placer  claims  were  worked  along  some  of  the 
water  courses.  Besides  the  deposits  of  gold  and  silver, 
mica  and  opals  were  found  in  several  localities.  The 
exhibit  of  Idaho  opals  at  the  World's  Fair  in  Chicago 
in  1893,  came  from  Latah  county.  In  1881  a. mine  of 
mica  was  discovered  about  thirty  miles  from  Moscow 
by  J.  T.  Woody,  and  in  a  short  time  a  number  of  other 
locations  were  made  in  the  same  vicinity.  The  prin- 
cipal placer  mines  in  the  county  are  situated  in  the 
Hoodoo  district  which  has  been  worked  for  the  last 
thirty-five  years.  Other  mines  worked  successfully  are 
on  Jerome  creek.  Swamp  creep,  Gold  creek  and  many 
others,  and  in  Howard  gulch,  Garden  gulch,  Crum- 
rine  gulch  and  others  on  Moscow  mountain.  The  first 
quartz  mill  in  the  county  was  operated  on  a  ledge  on 
Moscow  mountain  and  owned  by  Dr.  Worthington  and 
D.  C.  Mitchell.  In  1896  a  mill  was  started  in  the  Daisy 
mine  on  Jerome  creek,  which  is  now  on  a  paying  basis. 
On  Ruby  creek  is  a  most  valuable  gold  and  silver  mine 
caller!  the  Silver  King.  For  years  gold  has  been  taken 
from  the  ledges  of  Moscow  mountain  by  the  "arrastre" 
process  and  if  this  mountain  of  wealth  were  situated 
in  some  remote  locality,  difficult  of  access  it  would  be 
considered  a  veritable  Klondyke.  The  Gold  Bug, 
Golden  Gate  and  the  Big  Ledge  are  the  principal  mines 
worked  there  in  recent  years.  The  Golden  Gate  Com- 
pany has  a  200  foot  tunnel,  and  contemplates  putting 
in  a  mill.  Adjoining  the  Golden  Gate  is  the  White 
Cross  mine  which  has  a  fine  stamp  mill. 

The  Hoodoo  mines  have  had  seasons  of  tips  and 
downs ;  worked  successfully  for  a  time  in  the  early 
sixties,  they  experienced  a  long  season  of  inactivity 
during  the  late  'sixties  and  the  'seventies.  Again  in 
1885  and  1886  there  was  a  season  of  excitement,  many 
flocking  there  from  all  directions  with  the  hope  of 
improving  their  fortunes.  What  are  known  as  the 
Hoodoo  mines,  comprising  four  gulches  that  empty 
into  the  Palouse  river  about  30  miles  northeast  of  Mos- 
cow, were  first  discovered  and  worked  in  the  years 


586 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1862  and  1863  and  paid  all  the  way  from  $20  to  $100 
per  day  to  the  man.  At  that  time  all  provisions,  tools, 
etc.  were  packed  into  the  mines  on  ponies  over  a  very 
difficult  and  almost  impassable  trail  from  Lewiston,  a 
distance  of  about  eighty  miles,  which  was  the  nearest 
trading  point.  The  high  prices  that  were  then  paid 
for  merchandise  in  Lewiston,  together  with  the  high 
price  also  charged  for  packing,  compelled  miners  to 
work  only  claims  that  would  yield  the  precious  dust 
in  abundance.  Mines  that  would  not  pay  at  least  $20 
a  day  were  not  considered  worth  taking.  About  the 
time  the- Hoodoo  mines  were  being  worked,  there  was 
great  excitement  raging  in  the  northwest  over  new  dis- 
coveries of  gold  in  Montana  and  thousands  of  miners 
packed  their  blankets  and  picks  and  started  eastward 
toward  the  new  Eldorado.  The  Hoodoo  miners,  not 
making  any  new  discoveries  on  the  Palouse,  one  by 
one,  gathered  up  their  luggage  and  silently  took  their 
departure,  following  the  chant  of  excitement.  Thus 
Hoodoo  was  vacated.  The  pioneer  prospectors  left 
their  little  gold  field  that  but  a  short  time  before  was 
rich  in  its  deposits  of  mineral  wealth.  Nothing  more 
was  heard  of  the  Palouse  as  a  mining  district  until  the 
year  1870  when  gold  was  discovered  on  Jerome,  Ca- 
mas  and  Gold  creeks,  tributaries  of  the  Palouse.  These 
creeks  were  worked  with  very  little  excitement,  and 
paid  equally  as  well  as  the  old  Hoodoo  mines.  From 

dividuals.  more  or  less,  down  to  the  present  time.  The 
Coeur  d'Alene  excitement  brought  hundreds  of  pros- 
pectors to  this  region  and  the  result  was  the  redis- 
covery of  gold  in  the  old  Hoodoo  district.  Many 
claims  were  opened  and  the  side  gulches  which  were 
easily  mined  proved  far  richer  than  was  expected. 

Many  will  remember  the  excitement  about  Moscow 
during  the  summer  of  1881  over  the  Roland  quartz  find 
in  the  mountains  east  of  the  town.  Roland  had 
guarded  his  secret  carefully  but  while  in  town  for 
supplies  confided  in  a  few  personal  friends  and  by  the 
time  he  was  ready  to  return  to  the  mountains,  several 
parties  were  ready  to  follow  him.  His  secret  soon  be- 
came common  property  and  scores  of  claims  were  taken 
up  in  the  vicinity.  Assays  from  Roland's  claim  re- 
turned three  to  four  hundred  dollars  per  ton.  A  good 
deal  of  the  development  work  has  been  done  on  this 
and  other  claims  in  the  region  but  thus  far  no  heavily 
producing  mines  have  resulted. 

Prior  to  the  building  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad,  Lewiston,  the  county  seat  of  Nez  Perces 
county,  of  which  the  present  Latah  county  was  a  part, 
was  a  very  inaccessible  point  for  citizens  of  Moscow 
and  of  all  points  north  of  the  Clearwater  river.  The 
distance  is  about  thirty  miles  and  the  roads  in  those 
days  were,  during  a  portion  of  every  year,  next  to  im- 
passable. It  was  necessary  to  go  down  the  Clearwater 
breaks  which  is,  even  today,  after  years  of  work  on 
the  roads,  an  undertaking  accompanied  by  a  element 
of  risk  and  danger.  Since  the  building  of  the  rail- 
road to  Lewiston  it  is  still  necessary  to  travel  fifty- 
three  miles  to  reach  the  town  from  Moscow,  making 
a  semi-circle  via  Troy,  Kendrick,  Juliaetta,  etc.  Un- 
der these  conditions  it  is  not  surprising  that  the  citi- 


zens of  the  north  half  of  the  county  should  conceive 
the  plan  and  endeavor  to  execute  it,  of  removing  the 
capitol  of  the  county  to  Moscow.  In  1882  a  determ- 
ined effort  was  made  to  accomplish  this  end,  first  by 
seeking  to  create  a  new  county  north  of  the  Clearwater. 
Petitions  were  formulated  which  were  numerously 
signed,  and  a  bill  was  introduced  in  the  legislature 
providing  for  the  creation  of  Latah  county  with  Mos- 
cow as  the  county  seat.  The  bill  was  introduced  by 
William  S.  Taylor  in  the  council  and  vigorously  sup- 
ported by  G.  W.  Tomer  in  the  lower  house.  It  was 
found,  however,  that  the  legislature  was  powerless  to 
act  in  the  matter  owing  to  the  existence  of  a  recently 
passed  congressional  act  forbidding  special  legislation 
by  the  territorial  legislature,  creating  new  counties  or 
changing  the  boundary  lines  of  old  ones.  Disap- 
pointed in  this  effort  Mr.  Taylor  introduced  another 
bill  providing  for  a  special  election,  submitting  the 
question  of  relocation  of  the  county  seat  of  Nez  Per- 
ces to  a  vote  of  the  people.  This  election  was  held  in 
June,  1883,  and  Moscow,  through  her  citizens,  worked 
hard  to  secure  the  coveted  prize.  She  was  doomed  to 
a  second  disappointment,  however,  as  Lewiston  was 
selected  by  a  vote  of  922  to  642.  At  this  time  the  cit- 

Washington  and  expected  confidently  that  the  union 
would  be  speedily  consummated.  During  the  county 
seat  contest  the  friends  of  Lewiston  worked  diligently 
among  the  voters  north  of  Moscow  and  inspired  them 
with  the  belief  that  when  annexation  was  accomplished 
there  would  be  a  readjustment  of  the  county  lines,  in 
which  case  Palouse  City,  nearer  their  section  than 
Moscow,  would  in  all  probability  be  chosen  a  county 
seat  of  some  new  county.  When  election  day  came, 
therefore,  voters  in  the  north  end  of  the  county  voted 
with  Lewiston  and  against  Moscow,  this  giving  the  vic- 
tory to  Lewiston.  In  another  chapter  will  be  found  the 
history  of  the  annexation  movement.  It  is  only 
necessary  to  state  here  that  the  citizens  of  Latah  were 
almost  unanimous  for  political  affiliation  with  Wash- 
ington. The  principal  causes  of  this  unanimity  of 
sentiment  was  the  difficulty  experienced  in  reaching 
Boise,  the  capital  of  Idaho,  and  the  fact  that  Washing- 
ton was  about  to  become  a  state  while  the  prospects  for 
Idaho  remaining  indefinitely  a  territory  were  at  that 
time  excellent.  It  is  interesting  to  note,  in  looking 
over  the  files  of  newspapers  printed  during  the  time  of 
the  agitation  of  this  question  and  after  its  settlement, 
up  to  and  after  the  date  of  the  organization  of  the 
state,  that  sentiment  has  gradually  changed  until,  at 
the  present  time,  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  anywhere 
in  the  Panhandle,  a  prominent  advocate  of  annexation. 
The  efforts  a  few  years  ago  to  revive  the  question  by 
the  introduction  into  the  Washington  legislature  of  a 
bill  requesting  the  appointment  of  a  joint  Idaho- 
Washington  commission  to  consider  the  question  met 
with  no  supporting  sentiment  in  northern  Idaho  and 
was  ridiculed  mercilessly  in  the  editorial  columns  of 
the  press,  one  edition  stating  that  the  panhandle  would 
never  again  support  any  move  to  dismember  the  proud 
"Gem  of  the  Mountains."  In  a  speech  recently  made 
by  A.  J.  Green,  a  pioneer  attorney  of  Moscow,  at  a 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


587 


pioneers'  reunion  near  Moscow,  he  gives  a  reason  for 
the  final  settlement  of  the  question  of  annexation.  We 
quote  his  words:  "In  the  early  days  there  was  great 
agitation  of  the  question  of  annexing  to  Washington 
what  is  known  as  the  panhandle  of  Idaho.  This  agita- 
tion continued  for  years  and  finally  both  houses  of  con- 
gress passed  a  bill  annexing  the  panhandle  to  Washing- 
ton. Had  it  not  been  that  President  Cleveland  vetoed 
this  bill  by  putting  it  into  his  pocket  and  refusing  to 
sign  it,  we  would  now  be  in  the  state  of  Washington 
instead  of  in  the  state  of  Idaho.  The  people  of  Mos- 
cow and  Latah  county,  as  I  have  said  before,  have  al- 
ways been  very  ambitious.  At  the  time  to  which  I  re- 
fer we  had  a  new  county  and  a  new  county  seat,  but 
we  were  not  satisfied.  The  annexation  scheme  having 
failed  and  the  question  having  been  settled,  as  we  be- 
lieved, for  all  time,  we  set  about  getting  something  for 
the  new  county  and  Moscow.  The  state  university  was 
to  be  located  somewhere  and  by  hard  work  we  secured 
its  location  at  Moscow.  Southern  Idaho  having  more 
than  twice  the  population  of  northern  Idaho,  had  al- 
ways fought  the  annexation  of  any  part  of  the  terri- 
tory to  Washington ;  so  when  a  bill  was  introduced  into 
the  territorial  legislature  to  locate  the  university  at 
Moscow,  all  southern  Idaho  came  to  our  support  and 
assisted  in  making  the  bill  a  law,  thinking  that  it 


would  forever  settle  the  questii 
it  did ;  when  the       ' 


in  question  was  finally  settled." 
Before  closing  this  chapter  it  may  be  v 


)f  annexation.     And 
located  at  Moscow  the 


.•11  to 


of 


tion  briefly  the  last  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
of  Moscow,  prior  to  the  creation  of  Latah  co 
secure  to  their  town  political  honors,  and  to  the 
some  of  the  conveniences  enjoyed  by  the  citi 
Lewiston  and  of  all  that  portion  of  Nez  Perc 
ty  south  of  the  Clearwater  river.  In  1886  an  effort 
was  made  to  secure  the  passage  of  an  act  permitting 
the  county  to  elect  two  sets  of  officers.  It  was  de- 
sired only  that  there  be  two  treasurers,  two  auditors 
and  two  tax  collectors,  one  set  with  offices  at  Lewiston 
and  one  with  offices  at  Moscow.  The  citizens  of  Mos- 
cow and  of  the  north  end  of  the  county  agreed  to  fur- 
nish suitable  buildings  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
extra  officers,  free  of  expense  to  the  county.  These 
were  to  include  a  jail  and  court  room  as  it  was  pro- 
posed to  hold  a  summer  term  of  court  at  Moscow  and 
a  winter  term  at  Lewiston,  or  vice  versa.  The  scheme 
was  poorly  supported,  however,  and  came  to  naught. 
Details  concerning  subsequent  action  looking  to  the 
establishment  of  a  new  county  will  be  considered  in 
another  chapter. 


CHAPTER  II. 


ORGANIZATION  AND  SUBSEQUENT  EVENTS. 


Three  times  the  citizens  of  northern  Nez  Perces 
county  had  failed  in  their  efforts  to  lessen  the  incon- 
veniences to  which  they  were  subjected  on  account  of 
their  geographical  position  with  reference  to  Lewiston, 
the  county  seat,  and  in  their  efforts  to  secure  to  the 
growing  town  of  Moscow  deserved  political  honors. 
But  they  were  undismayed  and  never  for  a  moment 
rested  from  their  labors.  The  congressional  enact- 
ment referred  to  in  the  previous  chapter  forbade  them 
to  hope  for  relief  from  the  territorial  legislature.  Their 
last  and  successful  fight  was  made  in  the  national 
legislature.  Congressman  Fred  Duboise  of  Blackfoot, 
Bingham  county,  was  induced  to  champion  their  cause 
in  the  lower  house  of  congress,  and  through  his  in- 
fluence Senator  Mitchell,  of  Oregon,  looked  after  their 
interests  in  the  senate.  In  the  winter  of  1887  a  bill 
was  introduced  in  the  house  of  the  Fiftieth  congress  by 
Mr.  Duboise,  creating  from  a  certain  described  tract 
in  the  northern  part  of  Nez  Perces  county,  the  new 
county  of  Latah.  The  residents  of  Lewiston  and  vi- 
cinity made  a  vigorous  defensive  campaign  and  sent 
Attorney  J .  W.  Reid  to  Washington  to  oppose  the  leg- 
islation and  the  consequent  segregation  of  the  county. 
The  interests  of  Moscow  and  the  north  were  repre- 


sented at  Washington  by  Charles  Moore.  The  bill  met 
with  but  little  opposition  in  either  house  of  congress 
and  by  the  signature  of  President  Cleveland  became  a 
law  May  14,  1888.  This  is  the  only  instance  where 
a  county  in  any  state  or  territory  has  been  formed  by 
act  of  congress.  The  following  is  the  text  of  the  act : 

PUBLIC  ACT  NO.  91. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled.  That 
all  that  portion  of  Nez  Perces  county,  in  the  Territory  of 
Idaho,  lying  north  of  the  following  Hue",  to-wit :  Commencing 


a  point  where  the 
said  territory ;  the 


ship  thir 

Big  Potlach  creek,  where  it 
of    township     thirty-eight ; 


s   the 


o  the  1 


the 


igton  be,  and  th 

"^   "ill  the  rights,  power 

so.'"."  That  W.  W.  Lan'gc 


tin- 
Frazer  are     ere 
Latah,  and  their 


I.  L.  Naylor,  and  Will 
on   shall   be  the  s 


588 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


COUTe,  3.     That  the  county  JoZJsZs  above  named  are 

veaTb^ng  SSr.  Se  reSLS^SSt^SS 

and  are  hereby  empowered  to  appoint   all   necessary  county 

bv  the  seal  of  said  county. 
Sec.  n.     That  the  said  board  of  commissioners  are  hereby 

vtdedYy  the  laws^of"  ai^Yerritory!  and  imtif  their  successors 

thereof  to  the  erection  of  a   court-house  and  jail,  and  such 
other  public  buildings  as  may  be  necessary;   Provided,  That 
no  bond  shall  be  sold  by  said  commissioners  for  less  than  its 

Sec.  4.     Tliat  the  justices  of  the  peace,  constables,  road 

Sec.  12.     That  the  said  board  of  commissioners  and  their 

and  until  their  successors  are  duly  elected  and  qualified. 
SEC.  5      That  the  county  of  Latah  shall  pay  to  the  county 

pay  the  principal  of  said  bonds  as  the  same  shall  become  due. 
shall  issue  said  bonds  as  hereinbefore  authorized,  the  interest 

be  done  as  follows,  namely:     Ascertain  all  the  county  justly 
owes  in   warrants,   scrip   or  other  just   debts,   which   amount 
shall  constitute  the  gross   indebtedness  of  said  county,  from 
which    deduct    the    amount    of    the    unpaid    portion    of    the 
assessment  roll  of  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-seven  and  the 
amount  of  all  delinquent  assessment  rolls  which  are  considered 
collectable  up  to  that  date,  and  the  amount  of  all  moneys  and 

twenty'  years,  bearing  interest  at  a   rate  not  exceeding  eight 
per  centum  per  annum  with  interest  coupons  attached,  which 
bonds  shall  be  signed  by  the  chairman  of  the  said  board  of 

the  seal  of  said  county. 
Sec.  15.     That  the  said  board  of  commissioners  are  hereby 

shall  constitute  the  indebtedness  of  said  county  of  Nez  Perces  • 
and  the  net  indebtedness  of  said  county  of  Nez  Perces  ascer- 

ceeds  thereof  to  the  erection  of  a  court-house,  jail,  and  such 
other  public  buildings  as  may  be  necessary,  and  for  the  build- 

ties  of  Nez   Perces  and   Latah   in  proportion   to   the  taxable 
property  of  the  counties  as  it  legally  appears  on  the  assessment 
roll  for  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  the 

sold   by   said   board   of  commissioners    for   less   than   its   par 

Sec.  16.    That  the  said  board  of  commissioners  and  their 
successors  in  office  arp  hereby  empowered  and  required  to  levy 

which  said  warrant  or  warrants  shall  take  priority  in  payment 
over  all  other  warrants,  scrip,  or  other  indebtedness  of  the 
said  county  of  Latah. 
Sec.  6.     That   the   county   commissioners   of   Nez   Perces 
county  are  hereby  authorized  and  required  to  furnish  to  the 
county  of  Latah  transcripts  of  all  records,  indexes  and  docu- 
ments and  other  papers  on  file  and  of  record   in  the  offices 
of  Nez  Perces  county,  which  mav  be  necessary  to  perfect  the 
records  of  Latah  county.    They  may  contract  with  the  auditor 
of  Nez  Perces  county  to  make  the  above-named  transcripts, 
the  compensation  for  which  shall  be  in  addition  to  his  regular 
salary.     The  necessary  books   for  the  aforementioned   trans- 
cripts shall  be  furnished  by  Latah  county,  and  the  expense  of 
making  the  said  transcript*  shall  be  paid  by  the  counties  of 
Nez  Perces  and  Latah  equally.     Certificates  of  the  correctness 
of  said  records,  made  as  afo'resaid.  shall  have  the  same  legal 
effect  as  if  made  by  the  auditor  of  Nez  Perces  county. 
Sec.  7.     That  the  county  of  Latah  is  hereby  attached  to 
Nez  Perces  County  for  judicial  purposes  until  the  next  meet- 
when  it  shall"beethe0dutyeofUsaIdnjudgesrto0fix  a  Hme  forrhold- 

safdCTerrri\orya^ortheyo<theracounadesrt>hereof.  ^hfrty^days 
after  the  time  of  holding  said  court  is  fixed  as  aforesaid,  the 
said  county  of  Latah  shall  assume  and  be  vested  with  all  the 
judicial  rights,  privileges,  and  powers  of  a  county  under  the 

said  bonds,  and  also  to  levy  such  tax  as  may  be  necessary  to 
pay  the  principal  of  said  bonds  as  the  same  shall  become  due. 

shall    issue'  bonds    as    hereinbefore    ainhorized^thT'lnTerest 
coupons  attached  to  said  bonds  shall  be  receivable  in  payment 
for  the  county  taxes  of  said  county  of  Nez  Perces. 
Sec.  18.     That  the  county  of  Latah  shall  not  be  entitled 
to  any  portion  of  the  property,  real  or  personal,  of  the  said 
county  of  Nez  Perces. 
Sec.    19     That  all   acts  in  conflict  with  any  of  the  pro- 

Sec.  20.    That  this  act  shall  b«  in  force  from  and  after  its 
Approved,  May  14,  1888. 

That  conditions  fully  warranted  the  organization 
of  the  county  at  this  time  is  shown  by  a  statement  is- 
sued December  13,   1888,  by  County  Auditor  W.  B. 
Kyle,  showing  the  financial  conditions.     By  this  state- 
ment it  appears  that  the  total  revenue,  both  county 
and  territorial,  amounted  to  $40,783.54;  total  amount 
of  warrants  drawn,  $33,130.84,  including  $20,000  in 
bonds  lately  issued  under  the  creating  act  for  build- 
ing purposes.     The  $33,130.84,   amount  of  warrants 

Sec.  8.    That  the  county  of  Latah  shall  remain  with  Nez 
Perces   county   for  legislative  purposes   until   otherwise   pro- 
vided by  law. 

located  tft  the  t.-fwn  of  MOSCOW  in  said  county0""  " 

drawn,  included  warrants  for  $17,000  issued  in  favor 
of  Nez  Perces  county  in  payment  of  Latah's  propor- 
tion of  Nez  Perces  county's  indebtedness.     The  new 
county  was  about  thirty-six  miles  square  and  had  a 
population  at  that  time  of   10,000.     The  number  of 
persons  assessed  in  1888  for  poll  taxes  was  1629.  The 
division  of  a  county  not  infrequently   inflicts   griev- 

HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


589 


ous  burdens  upon  the  citizens  of  the  new  political 
body  through  the  necessity  of  special  taxes  for  the  sup- 
port of  new  officials,  the  erection  of  new  buildings,  etc., 
but  in  this  case  the  necessity  for  the  existence  of  the 
new  county  had  been  of  long  standing  and  the  people 
were  prepared  for  the  new  financial  burdens.  The  new 
order  of  things  went  into  effect  without  disturbance  to 
the  affairs  of  Nez  Perces  county  and  Latah  at  once 
took  rank  among  the  leading  wealth  producing  coun- 
ties of  the  territory.  The  total  valuation  of  property 
for  purposes  of  assessment  in  1888  was  $1,168,255, 
including  Moscow's  valuation,  which  was  $356,998. 

The  creating  act  became  a  law  May  14,  1888,  and 
on  May  28th  the  steps  were  taken  to  complete  the  or- 
ganization. Minutes  of  these  proceedings  are  as  fol- 
lows :  In  accordance  with  an  act  of  congress  approved 
on  the  I4th  day  of  May,  1881,  entitled,  "An  Act  to 
create  and  organize  the  county  of  Latah  in  the  Terri- 
tory of  Idaho;  appointing  W.  W.  Langdon,  J.  L.  Nay- 
lor  and  Wm.  Frazier,  commissioners  of  said  county 
of  Latah  ;  the  said  W.  W.  Langdon,  J.  L.  Naylor  and 
Wm.  Frazier,  met  at  the  office  of  Moore  &  Langdon 
in  the  town  of  Moscow,  I.  T.,  on  Tuesday  the  28th 
day  of  May,  1888,  at  9  o'clock  A.  M.  and  proceeded  to 
organize  the  said  county  of  Latah.  Each  of  the  afore- 
said appointed  commissioners  qualified  before  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace  John  Moore,  by  subscribing  to  the 
oath  of  office,  and  the  necessary  bonds  as  by  law  pro- 
vided for  :  each  was  approved  and  filed  by  the  said 
Justice  of  the  Peace  John  Moore  on  this  28th  day  of 
May,  1888.  J.  L.  Naylor  was  elected  chairman  and 
W.  W.  Langdon,  clerk  pro  tern  of  the  board  of  county 
commissioners  in  and  for  the  said  county  of  Latah 
and  Territory  of  Idaho. 

May  29/1888,  the  board  made  the  following  ap- 
pointments for  county  officers:  Auditor  and  recorder, 
W.  B.  Kyle;  probate  judge,  Louis  Jain,  Genesee;  treas- 
urer, W.'  W.  Baker,  Moscow  ;  sheriff,  Robert  Bruce, 
Deep  Creek;  district  attorney,  C.  B.  Reynolds,  Mos- 
cow ;  assessor,  L.  C.  Roberts,  Viola  ;  surveyor,  S.  'L. 
Campbell,  Moscow:  school  superintendent,  J.  W. 
Lieuallen,  Moscow;  coroner,  William  Gray,  Bricka- 
For  a  board  of  pharmacy  the  following  named 
pointed  ;  A.  E.  Sanders,  M 


physi 


appoi 


W.  C.  Cox,  Genesee;  E.  E.  Watts,  Juliaetta.  June 
4th,  Robert  Bruce  of  Deep  Creek  declined  by  letter 
to  act  as  sheriff  and  recommended  R.  H.  Barton  of 
Moscow,  as  his  choice  for  that  office.  The  board  ac- 
cordingly appointed  R.  H.  Barton  sheriff.  June  7th, 
Louis  Jains  of  Genesee  declined  by  letter  to  act  as  pro- 
bate judge  and  recommended  Roland  Hodgins  for  ap- 
pointment. The  board  accordingly  appointed  Roland 
Hodgins  probate  judge.  It  was  ordered  that  the  sal- 
aries for  the  county  officers  appointed  by  the  board  of 
commissioners  for  the  remaining  term  of  1888  be  fixed 
as  follows:  sheriff,  $1,200  per  annum;  recorder,  $600 
per  annum  ;  assessor,  12  per  cent  on  per  capita  tax  and  5 
per  cent  on  all  other  taxes  as  provided  by  law;  probate 
judge,  $200;  district  attorney,  $600;  treasurer,  $300, 
and  school  superintendent,  $200  per  annum.  On  July 
i6th  the  board  created  ten  election  districts  as  follows  : 
Genesee,  Thorn  Creek,  Moscow,  Four  Mile,  Palouse, 


Pine  Creek,  Gold  Creek,  Bear  Creek,  American  Ridge, 
Little  Potlatch.  August  2d,  R.  S.  Browne  was  appointed 
treasurer  in  place  of  W.  W.  Baker,  resigned.  Sep- 
tember 29th  the  contract  for  a  court  house  was  let  to 
the  Pauly  Jail  Building  &  Manufacturing  Company, 
of  St.  Louis,  through  their  agent,  James  T.  Jones,  for 
820,000.  On  November  2d  the  twenty  bonds,  each  of 
one  thousand  dollars,  bearing  interest  at  eight  per  cent 
annually,  were  sold  to  the  estate  of  Dorsey  S.  Baker 
for  $21,700  cash.  These  bonds  were  dated  November 
2,  1888,  and  were  drawn  payable  twenty  years  from 
date.  Ten  were  made  payable  to  M.  C.  Moore  or  bear- 
er at  the  Importers  and  Traders  National  Bank,  New 
York  City.  They  were  delivered  to  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Moscow  as  agents  for  the  estate  of  Dorsey 
S.  Baker. 

The  first  county  officers,  appointed  by  the  commis- 
sioners served  until  their  successors  qualified  after 
the  first  general  election  in  November,  1888.  During 
this  campaign  there  were  three  parties  in  the  field, 
Republican,  Democratic  and  Independent.  As  this 
was  the  first  election  held  as  a  new  county,  national 
politics  were  not  so  prominent  throughout  the  campaign 
as  were  local  affairs.  Conventions  were  held  late  in 
the  summer  and  for  the  more  important  offices  each 
party  nominated  a  full  ticket.  The  Republican  can- 
didates were:  For  the  legislative  council,  J.  W.  Brig- 
ham,  of  Moscow;  for  the  assembly,  A.  S.  Chaney,  F. 
E.  Mix  and  J.  H.  Irvine;  for  district  attorney,  A.  J. 
Green  of  Moscow;  for  probate  judge,  William  Wilson 
of  Potlatch ;  for  sheriff,  R.  H.  Barton,  of  Moscow ;  for 
coroner,  C.  C.  Carpenter ;  for  assessor,  G.  J.  Parker,  of 
Moscow ;  for  surveyor,  S.  L.  Campbell  of  Moscow ; 
for  recorder,  W.  B.  Kyle  of  Moscow ;  for  treasurer,  R. 
S.  Browne,  of  Moscow;  for  school  superintendent,  T. 
N.  Creekmur,  of  Moscow ;  for  commissioner,  first  dis- 
trict, F.  L.  Bell ;  2d  district,  J.  L.  Naylor ;  3d  district, 
S.  D.  Oylear. 

The  Democratic  party  placed  in  nomination,  for  the 
legislative  council,  C.  A.  Leeper  of  Nez  Perces  county ; 
for  the  assembly,  James  D.  Haven,  W.  T.  Thompson 
and  H.  J.  Bundy ;  for  district  attorney,  J.  C.  Elder  of 
Moscow;  for  probate  judge,  Roland  Hodgins  of  Mos- 
cow ;  for  sheriff,  George  Langdon  of  Moscow  ;  for  cor- 
oner, J.  L.  Brown,  of  Moscow;  for  assessor,  Frank 
Jones  of  Genesee;  for  surveyor,  Arthur  Colburn;  for 
recorder,  C.  L.  Roberts  of  Moscow ;  for  treasurer, 
Henry  Dernham  of  Moscow  ;  for  school  superintendent. 
J.  W.  Lieuallen  of  Moscow;  for  commissioners,  first 
district,  J.  S.  Randolph ;  second  district,  A.  Elliott  of 
Genesee ;  third  district,  William  Gray  of  Potlatch. 

Those  running  independent  were,  for  district  at- 
torney, C.  B.  Reynolds  of  Moscow;  for  sheriff,  W. 
A.  Galbreath ;  for  assessor,  D.  J.  Wilcox ;  for  recorder, 
W.  A.  Elyea ;  for  treasurer,  W.  W.  Langdon  of  Mos- 
cow; for  commissioner  of  the  second  district.  T.  F. 
Maher  of  Moscow. 

The  official  report  of  this  first  election  is  as  follows : 
Latah's  vote  on  delegate,  to  congress  stood;  Fred  T. 
Dubois  of  Blackfoot,  Republican,  341 ;  Norman  Buck 
of  Lewiston,  Independent,  864;  Jas.  H.  Hawley    of  . 
Boise,  Democrat,  237;  Buck's  majority  in  the  county, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


286.  For  the  legislative  council,  J.  W.  Brigham  re- 
ceived 1,428  votes  and  C.  A.  Leeper  5,  Brigham's 
majority  1423.  For  the  legislative  assembly,  F.  E.  Mix 
received  1138  votes,  A.  S.  Chancy  1406,  j.  H.  Irvine 
1244,  Jas.  D.  Haven  194,  W.  T.  Thompson  13,  H.  J. 
Bundy  13,  J.  T.  Mitcham  251,  and  H.  B.  Blake  21.  For 
district  attorney  A.  J.  Green  received  627  votes,  J.  C. 
Elder  528,  C.  B.  Reynolds  280,  Green's  plurality  99. 
For  probate  judge  William  Wilson  received  670  votes 
and  Roland  Hodgins  752,  Hodgins'  majority  82.  For 
sheriff  R.  H.  Barton  received  448  votes,  George  Lang- 
don  657,  W.  A.  Galbreath  338,  Langdon's  plurality  209. 
For  coroner  J.  L.  Brown  received  464  votes  and  C.  C. 
Carpenter  394,  Brown's  majority  70.  For  assessor  G. 
J.  Parker  received  709  votes,  Frank  Jones  498,  and  D. 
j.  Wilcox  237,  Parker's  plurality  211.  For  school  su- 
perintendent T.  N.  Creekmur  received  672  votes,  J.  W. 
Lieuallen  615,  and  H.  W.  Grubb  156,  Creekmur  s  plu- 
rality 57.  For  commissioners,  first  district,  F.  L.  Bell 
received  272  votes,  and  J.  S.  Randolph  76,  Bell's  ma- 
jority 196 ;  second  district,  A.  Elliott,  received  322  votes 
J.  L.  Naylor  340,  and  T.  F.  Maher  63,  Naylor's  plu- 
rality 18 ;  third  district,  S.  D.  Oylear  received  233  votes, 
and  William  Gray  115,  Oylear's  majority  118.  For 
surveyor  S.  L.  Campbell  received  1008  votes  and  Ar- 
thur Colburn  437,  Campbell's  majority  571.  For  re- 
corder W.  B.  Kyle  received  764  votes,  L.  C.  Roberts 
471,  and  W.  A.'Elyea  211,  Kyle's  majority  82.  For 
treasurer  R.  S.  Browne  received  671  votes,  Henry  Dern- 
ham  395,  and  W.  W.  Langdon  349,  Browne's  plurality 
276.  The  proposition  to  annex  the  panhandle  to  Wash- 
ington was  supported  by  a  vote  of  252  for  and  one  vote 
against. 

There  was  no  cessation  of  activity  in  Latah  county 
in  1889.  The  country  increased  rapidly  in  population 
and  the  towns  were  growing  and  becoming  more  im- 
portant as  business  centers.  Since  the  completion  of 
the  O.  R.  &  N.,  Moscow's  progress  had  been  continuous 
and  rapid.  In  1888  the  Northern  Pacific  from  Pullman* 
was  completed  to  Genesee  and  in  1889  Genesee  was 
ready  to  incorporate.  In  the  spring  of  1889  the  court 
house  was  completed  and  accepted  by  the  county  com- 
missioners. The  full  amount  realized  from  the  sale  of 
the  bonds,  $21,700,  was  expended  in  its  erection. 

The  total  valuation  of  property  for  purposes  of 
taxation  in  1889  was  $2,798,603. 

The  census  of  1890  credited  Latah  county  with  a 
population  of  9,176,  making  it  the  most  populo'us  coun-> 
ty  in  the  state.  In  the  work  of  framing  the  state  con- 
stitution and  in  transforming  the  territory  to  a  state, 
the  county  was  represented  by  W.  J.  McConnell,  H. 
B.  Blake  and  W.  D.  Robbins.  In  September  of  this 
year  considerable  excitement  was  occasioned  by  the  dis- 
covery on  the  farm  of  William  Leasure,  north  of  Mos- 
cow, of  a  stratum  of  rock  bearing  fire  opals.  The  dis- 
covery was  made  while  a  well  was  being  dug  on  the 
farm.  The  stones  were  found  in  pockets,  in  a  porous 
lava  formation,  and,  on  subjection  to  scientific  tests, 
were  found  to  be  genuine  fire  opals  worth  from  $100 
to  $500  per  ounce.  There  was,  of  course,  a  rush  of 
prospectors  to  Mr.  Treasure's  farm  and  it  was  soon 
staked  off  into  more  than  one  hundred  claims.  As  Mr. 


Leasure  had  made  final  proof  on  his  homestead,  how- 
ever, it  was  not  thought  that  the  claims  could  be  held. 
There  was  no  contest  in  this  matter;  considerable 
prospecting  was  done  and  quite  a  number  of  stones  of 
value  found;  but  the  mining  did  not  prove  profitable 
and  the  claims  were  eventually  abandoned.  Some  of 
the  stones  mined  at  this  time,  as  heretofore  mentioned, 
found  place  in  the  Idaho  exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair 
in  Chicago  in  1893.  During  the  years  1889  and  1890 
the  Farmer's  Alliance  became  a  formidable  organiza- 
tion, including  in  its  membership  rolls  the  majority  of 
the  farmers  in  almost  every  community.  At  a  meeting 
held  in  Moscow  on  November  22,  1890.  they  decided 
to  establish  an  alliance  store.  Of  this  organization  at 
the  time,  J.  L.  Naylor  was  president,  A.  T.  Lane  vice 
president,  C.  A.  S.  Howard  secretary.  The  plans  of 
the  organization  were  never  consummated;  a  ware- 
house was  afterward  erected  which  eventually  passed 
to  individual  ownership.  In  the  'nineties  the  organi-  ' 
zation  became  defunct,  its  members  scattering  to  the 
Populist  and  Free  Silver  parties,  whose  platforms  en- 
dorsed the  fundamentals  of  the  alliance. 

On  the  admission  of  Idaho  as  a  state,  Moscow  was 
chosen  as  the  place  for  holding  sessions  of  the  United 
States  court.  James  H.  Beatty  has  sat  as  judge  of 
this  court  since  its  first  session  in  1890,  and  A.  L. 
Richardson  has  served  as  clerk.  The  first  United 
States  district  attorney  was  Fremont  Wood,  who 
served  from  1890  to  1894.  Mr.  Wood  was  followed  in 
this  office  by  James  H.  Forney  from  1894  to  January 
10,  1898,  when  Robert  V.  Cozier,  the  present  incum- 
bent, entered  upon  his  first  term.  Marshals  who  have 
served  this  court  are  Joseph  Pinkham,  1890  to  1894; 
James  F.  Crutcher,  1894  to  1898;  Frank  C.  Ramsey, 
1898  to  1902 :  Rural  Rounds,  1902  to  the  present  time. 
In  1892  a  session  was  held  at  Coeur  d'Alene  to  try  the 
union  labor  cases  which  grew  out  of  the  riots  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  mines.  Among  the  important  cases 
tried  at  Moscow  was  that  of  the  United  States  vs. 
James  Eddy.  John  Eddy,  Newt.  Eddy,  Emmett  Taylor, 
Charles  Scroggins,  Frank  Freligh,  Ike  Splawn  and 
Stan.  Splawn  for  counterfeiting  five,  ten  and  twenty 
dollar  gold  coins.  This  case  was  tried  at  the  May 
term,  1897.  The  crimes  were  committed  in  Idaho 
county  during  the  summer  of  1896.  James  H.  Forney 
conducted  the  case  for  the  United  States.  Attorneys 
employed  by  the  defendants  individually  and  in  parties, 
were  McNamee  and  Morgan,  Lot  L.  Feltham,  Den- 
ning &  Truitt,  and  James  W.  Reid.  James  and  John 
Eddy  and  Emmett  Taylor  were  fined  on  one  count  $100 
each  and  sentenced  to  ten  years  at  hard  labor ;  on  an- 
other count  they  were  each  fined  $100  and  sentenced 
to  six  additional  years  at  hard  labor.  Charles  Scrog- 
gins was  fined  $100  and  sentenced  to  six  years  at  hard 
labor;  Ike  Splawn  received  a  sentence  of  eight  years 
at  hard  labor ;  Newton  Eddy  was  fined  $1000  and  sen- 
tenced to  twenty  months  without  hard  labor ;  Stanford 
Splawn  was  fined  $1000  and  sentenced  to  two  years 
without  hard  labor.  Another  important  and 
famous  case  tried  at  Moscow  was  that  of  the 
Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Mining  and  Concentrating 
Company  vs.  the  Empire  State  and  the  Last  Chance 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mining  Companies,  for  the  possession  of  a  triangular 
body  of  ore  valued  at  $100,000,  the  same  overlapping 
the  line  dividing  the  properties  owned  by  the  two  com- 
panies in  Shoshone  county.  Attorneys  that  appeared 
were,  for  the  plaintiffs,  Curtis  H.  Lindley,  John  R. 
McBride,  Myron  A.  Folsom,  Albert  Allen  and  James 
H.  Forney  :  for  the  defendants,  W.  B.  Heyburn,  Lyttle- 
ton  Price,  E.  M.  Heyburn  and  A.  L.  Doherty.  The 
suit  was  entered  in  September,  1889,  and  a  final  de- 
cision was  handed  down  by  Judge  Beatty,  July  3d  of 
the  present  year.,  in  which  he  found  for  the  plaintiffs. 
In  this  case  the  court  sat  as  a  court  of  appeals.  The 
majority  of  the  cases  heard  in  this  court  came  from 
the  Indian  reservations  and  are  trials  on  charges  of 
petty  offences  committed  by  both  Indians  and  whites. 

It  was  the  original  intention  of  John  P.  Vollmer 
and  the  officials  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  to 
conduct  the  road  via  Genesee  to  Lewiston.  But  when 
Genesee  was  reached  it  was  found  that  the  original 
plans  were  impracticable  owing  to  the  topography  of 
the  country.  The  difference  in  elevation  between 
Genesee  and  Lewiston  is  upwards  of  1500  feet  while 
the  distance  is  less  than  fifteen  miles  as  the  crow  flies. 
These  obstacles  in  the  way  of  a  direct  line  could  not  be 
overcome  and  the  plans  of  the  promoters  were  aban- 
doned. Two  years  later,  in  1890,  the  road  was  extend- 
ed from  Pullman  to  Lewiston  via  Moscow,  the  Pot- 
latch  canyon  and  the  Clearwater  valley,  and  this  be- 
came the  main  line  while  the  road  from  Pullman  to 
Genesee  became  the  branch  line. 

After  the  completion  of  the  road  Vollmer  (named 
later,  Troy),  Kendrick  and  Juliaetta,  with  their  indus- 
trial and  educational  institutions,  sprang  into  exis- 
tence, developed  into  populous  towns  and  became  sup- 
ply points  for  extensive  and  rich  agricultural  and  tim- 
bered areas.  Following  the  completion  of  the  Genesee 
branch  in  1888,  Genesee  valley  and  the  town  made  rapid 
progressive  strides.  The  Genesee  valley,  Paradise  val- 
ley, and  the  Potlatch  ridges  are  now  famous  the  coun- 
try over  for  their  production  of  cereals  and  fruits. 
The  credit  due  the  railroad  for  this  wonderful  meas- 
ure of  progress  can  only  be  fairly  estimated  and  ap- 
preciated by  a  comparison  of  present  conditions  with 
those  of  the  early  eighties. 

In  the  political  campaign  of  1890  the  two  old  par- 
ties had  the  field  all  to  themselves,  national  issues  fur- 
nishing the  principal  topics  for  discussion  at  the  sever- 
al political  meetings.  Republican  nominees  were  as 
follows  :  For  judge  of  the  second  district,  W.  G.  Piper 
of  Moscow ;  for  district  attorney,  E.  O'Neill  of  Lewis- 
ton  ;  senator  second  district,  J.  M.  Wells,  of  Kootenai 
county ;  fourth  district,  William  Wing  of  Nez  Perces 
county ;  fifth  district,  J.  W.  Brigham  of  Moscow ;  for 
representatives  of  Latah  county,  K.  O.  Skatteboe  of 
Moscow  and  J.  C.  Martin  of  Genesee;  for  representa- 
tive of  Latah  and  Kootenai  counties,  A.  J.  Green  of 
Moscow :  sheriff,  F.  E.  Mix  of  Moscow ;  clerk  of  the 
district  court,  William  B.  Kyle  of  Moscow;  probate 
judge,  T.  N.  Creekmur  of  Moscow  ;  county  treasures 
Robert  S.  Browne  of  Moscow;  assessor,"  ].  George 
Vennigerholz  of  Genesee;  surveyor,  E.  T.  fannatt  of 
Pine  creek;  coroner,  Warner  H.  Carithers  of  Mos- 


cow ;  commissioner  first  district,  J.  D.  Wilcox ;  second 
district,  C.  C.  Carpenter  of  Thorn  creek;  third  dis- 
trict, A.  N.  Roberts  of  American  Ridge. 

The  Democrats  nominated  for  judge,  second  dis- 
trict, J.  W.  Poe  of  Lewiston ;  district  attorney,  James 
H.  Forney  of  Grangeville ;  senator,  second  district, 
Lewis  Miller  of  Latah  county;  senator,  fourth  dis- 
trict, Barney  Rohenkohl  of  Nez  Perces  county ;  sena- 
tor, fifth  district,  Samuel  J.  Langdon  of  Moscow ;  for 
representatives  of  Latah  county,  John  H.  Irvine  of 
the  north  side,  and  A.  B.  Crawford  of  Potlatch  ;for  rep- 
resentative of  Latah  and  Kootenai  counties,  A.  S.  Cha- 
ney  of  the  east  side;  sheriff,  W.  T.  Griffin  of  Moscow ; 
clerk  of  the  district  court,  Eugene  Buchanan  of  Mos- 
cow;  probate  judge,  Roland  Hodgins  of  Moscow; 
county  treasurer,  William  Hunter  of  Moscow;  asses- 
sor, Albert  McKee  of  Bear  Ridge;  coroner,  C.  E. 
Worthington  of  Moscow;  commissioner,  first  district, 
D.  C.  Tribble  of  north  side;  second  district,  David 
Spurbeck  of  Genesee;  third  district,  D.  J.  Ingle  of 
Bear  Ridge. 

The  official  record  of  the  election  is  as  follows: 
For  governor,  the  Republican  candidate,  George  L. 
Shoup,  received  1063  votes,  a  majority  of  354  over  the 
Democratic  candidate,  Benjamin  Wilson,  who  received 
709;  for  representative,  5ist  congress,  the  Republican 
candidate,  Willis  Sweet,  received  1099  votes,  while  the 
Democratic  candidate,  Alexander  E.  Mayhew,  received 
655  votes;  for  represeitative,  52d  congress,  Willis 
Sweet  received  1097  votes  and  Alexander  E.  Mayhew 
666;  for  judge,  second  district,  W.  G.  Piper  received 
1072  votes  and  J.  W.  Poe  693,  Piper's  majority  379 ; 
for  district  attorney,  E.  O'Neill  received  955  votes  and 
J.  H.  Forney  809,  O'Neill's  majority  146;  for  senator, 
second  district,  J.  M.  Wells  received  1045  votes  and 
Lewis  Miller  712,  Wells'  majority  333;  for  senator, 
fourth  district,  William  Wing  received  1041  votes  and 
Barney  Rohenkohl  712,  Wing's  majority  329;  for  sen- 
ator, fifth  district,  J.  W.  Brigham  received  1023  votes 
and  Samuel  J.  Langdon  747,  Brigham's  majority  276; 
for  Latah  county  representatives,  K.  O.  Skatteboe  re- 
ceived 1033  votes,  J.  C.  Martin  1073,  Jonn  H.  Irvine 
(>08,  and  A.  B.  Crawford  731,  Skatteboe's  majority  335, 
Martin's  majority  342;  for  representative,  Kootenai 
and  Latah  counties,  A.  J.  Green  received  968  votes  and 
A.  S.  Chancy  761,  Green's  majority  207;  for  sheriff, 
F.  E.  Mix  received  940  votes  and  W.  T.  Griffin  827, 
Mix's  majority  1 13  ;  for  clerk  of  the  district  court,  Will- 
iam B.  Kyle  received  1126  votes  and  Eugene  Buchanan 
636,  Kyle's  majority  490;  for  probate  judge,  T.  N. 
Creekmur  received  895  votes  and  Roland  Hodgins  863, 
Creekmur's  majority  32;  for  treasurer,  Robert  S. 
Browne  received  917  votes  and  William  Hunter  838, 
Browne's  majority  79;  for  county  assessor,  J.  George 
\.ennigerholz  received  1150  votes  and  Albert  McKee 
618,  Vennigerholz's  majority  532;  for  surveyor,  E.  T. 
Tannatt  received  1077  votes.  Mi.  Tannatt  was  the 
only  candidate  in  the  field  for  the  office  of  surveyor. 
For  coroner,  Warner  H.  Carithers  received  1059  votes 
and  C.  E.  Worthington  708.  Carithers'  majority  351; 
for  commissioner,  first  district,  J.  D.  Wilcox  received 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


167 'votes  and  D.  C.  Tribble  198,  Tribble's  majority  31 ; 
for  commissioner,  second  district,  C.  C.  Carpenter  re- 
ceived 498  votes  and  David  Spurbeck  335,  Carpenter's 
majority  163;  for  commissioner,  third  district,  D.  J. 
Ingle  received  214  votes  and  A.  N.  Roberts  325,  Rob- 
erts' majority  in. 

June  i,  1891,  in  the  G.  A.  R.  hall  at  Moscow,  the 
Latah  County  Pioneer  Association  was  formed.  At 
this  preliminary  meeting  John  Russell  was  chosen 
chairman  and  Henry  McGregor  secretary.  At  a  late 
meeting  the  first  regular  officers  of  the  associaton  were 
elected  as  follows:  G.  W.  Tomer  president,  Bennet 
Summerfield  first  vice  president,  Silas  Imbler  second 
vice  president,  James  Johnston  treasurer  and  J.  L.  Nay- 
lor  secretary.  This  organization  has  been  faithfully 
kept  up  during  the  succeeding  years,  and  each  year  it 
has  held  one  or  more  reunions,  thus  keeping  alive  the 
incidents  of  early  associations  and  preserving  reminis- 
cent and  historical  matter  for  the  information  and  in- 
struction of  generations  that  may  people  the  country 
in  the  future.  The  first  annual  reunion  and  picnic  was 
held  Wednesday,  June  15,  1892,  at  the  pioneer  picnic 

f rounds  at  the  foot  of  Moscow  mountain,  northeast  of 
loscow.  At  this  meeting  George  W.  Tomer  was 
chairman  and  J.  L.  Naylor  secretary.  R.  H.  Barton 
was  orator  of  the  day.  The  last  meeting  was  held  four 
miles  north  of  Moscow  on  the  school  section  near  the 
Beasley  place,  June  19,  1903.  At  this  meeting  C.  W. 
Farmer  was  chairman,  J.  L.  Naylor  secretary  and  A. 
J.  Green,  a  pioneer  of  1877,  was  orator  of  the  day. 

As  a  matter  of  record  and  for  the  benefit  of  future 
historians,  we  give  below  the  names  of  the  pioneers 
of  Latah  county  as  taken  from  the  books  of  the  associa- 
tion, and  where  we  have  been  able  to  obtain  the  in- 
formation, the  date  of  their  settlement.  While  there 
were  scattered  individual  settlers  as  early  as  1869,  the 
home  builders  began  to  come  in  1871.  Those  who  made 
settlements  in  that  year  were  as  follows:  G.  W.  To- 
mer, William  Frazier,  W.  J.  Hamilton,  William  Groat, 
William  Taylor,  A.  A.  Lieuallen,  Murdock  Cameron, 
W.  R.  Tomer,  J.  S.  Frazier,  Angus  McKenzie,  Donald 
McKenzie,  E.  N.  Beach,  J.  T.  Taylor,  David  Allen, 
Charles  W.  Tomer,  L.  H.  Collins.  The  year  1872  wit- 
nessed the  arrival  of  John  Russell,  J.  S.  Howard,  Henry 
McGregor,  Arthur  Gosselin  and  Martin  Anderson.  In 
1873  came  Silas  Imbler,  J.  G.  Edmondson,  Bennet 
Summerfield,  Joseph  Cox  and  G.  W.  Lowrie.  In  1874 
homesteads  were  taken  by  B.  A.  McGuire,  W.  G. 
Ritchie,  T.  T.  Suddreth,  C.  W.  Palmer  and  C.  C. 
Palmer,  Pioneers  of  1895  are  J.  A.  Bundy,  A.  B.  Estes, 
J.  W.  Wolf  and  George  W.  Wolf.  Those 
of  1876  are  J.  H.  McCallie,  W.  A.  Robi- 
nett,  Charles  Kelly,  O.  H.  P.  Beagle,  S.  F.  Luper, 
Riley  Knight,  J.  H.  Galbreath,  M.  A.  Corry,  Charles 
Shearer,  J.  L.  Gilbreth,  Joseph  Gilbert,  G.  W.  Stew- 
art, T.  S.  Edmundson,  G.  B.  Christie  and  Joshua  rfol- 
clen.  In  1877  the  following  became  settlers:  J.  Wilson, 
John  Heick,  J.  L.  Naylor,  R.  H.  Barton,  John  Holden, 
S.  J.  Langdon,  Jasper  W.  Wilson,  N.  M.  Hawley,  A. 
J.  Green,  Y.  J.  Beall,  S.  L.  Langdon,  Abraham  Mat- 
this,  Charles  H.  Kelly,  John  A.  Marlatt,  Julius  Cher- 


pillod,  C.  T.  Stranahan,  C.  M.  Bowers,  J.  M.  Garri- 
son, Jonathan  Johnson,  George  J.  Neighbors,  C.  H. 
Oderlin,  Henry  Cummings  and  William  P.  Eagan. 
These  were  followed  in  1878  by  James  Johnson,  W. 
S.  Craig,  R.  Beasley,  A.  J.  Hedrick,  George  Langdon, 
John  Paulson,  J.  H.  Maguire,  George  A.  Gilanore,  W. 
J.  McConnell,  V.  Bartle,  M.  J.  Shields,  S.  D.  Oyler, 
Robert  Purnell,  Iver  Burke,  William  Kilde,  W.  M.  Bu- 
chanan, W.  H.  Hooper,  Ransom  Warren  and 
Charles  S.  Simonson.  Arrivals  of  1879  were 
H.  M.  Rogers,  L.  Hawley,  E.  C.  Fisher.  G. 
Webber  and  E.  B.  Harrison.  Later  arrivals  who 
are  classed  with  the  pioneers  are  Walter  McClin- 
tic,  who  came  in  1881,  and  John  Grimes,  who  came  in 
1882.  John  H.  Buchanan  is  said  to  have  come  here 
in  1865,  and  is  probably  the  earliest  settler  in  Latah 
county. 

The  following  pioneers  have  not  registered  on  the 
books  of  the  association  the  dates  of  their  arrivals: 
A.  N.  Miller,  G.  W.  Oglesby,  John  Roberts,  J.  H.  Ir- 
vine, W.  B.  McKenzie,  Thomas  A.  Nixon,  Benjamin 
F.  Shaw,  Silas  Shaw,  W.  D.  Craig,  William  F.  Dale, 
C.  F.  Groat,  N.  Rowley,  William  P.  and  L.  M.  Mc- 


Clintic,  David  McCurry,  W.  D.  Robins,  A.  A.  J.  Fry, 
icron,  W. 

L.     R. 

ndy, 
larney  J.  Olsen,  M.  L.  Dillman,  E.  N.  DeLong,  E. 


W.  C.  Campbell,  William  Zeitler,  Daniel  Cam 

O.  Campbell,  F.  M.  Johnson,  John  Cummings,  A.  R. 

Crow,  Ira  Knight,  Nelson  Madesen,  W.  H.  Bundy, 


F.  DeLong,  William  King,  E.  C.  Fisher,  Jefferson 
Wood,  J.  W.  Ellis,  H.  L.  Land,  John  Moss,  John  E. 
Randall,  W.  M.  Carter,  S.  H.  B.  Denny,  J.  N.  Mar- 
quis, Germand  Olsen,  J.  W.  Clark,  L.  D.  Jameson, 
Julius  Cenduet,  C.  H.  Jones,  L.  Stanus,  Eli  Spittler, 
Ben  A.  Gorgan,  Nathan  Buchanan,  D.  B.  Fleener, 
A.  W.  Miller,  W.  H.  Leasure,  Hiram  R.  Russell,  G. 
M.  Tomer,  J.  H.  Fleener,  F.  C.  McLean,  H.  K. 
Moore,  D.  L.  Bangs,  S.  M.  Bangs,  Eugene  J. 
Bonhore,  G.  N.  Parker,  J.  Woodworth,  John  C.  Miller, 
Joseph  W.  Huston,  Solomon  Hasbrouck,  P.  L.  Orcutt, 
J.  A.  Staner,  J.  G.  Vennigerholz  and  Thomas  Big- 
ham. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  women  who 
braved  the  hardships  of  the  pioneer  life  and  who  came 
to  Latah  county  in  the  seventies  with  their  husbands, 
parents,  or  other  relatives  and  who  are  members  of 
the  Pioneer  Association. 

Mesdames  E.  B.  Frazier,  R.  M.  Groat,  Mary  E. 
Imbler,  Sarah  C.  McCurry,  Sarah  Bundy,  Carrie 
Tomer-Hayes,  Mary  A.  McClintic,  Lizzie  McClintic, 
Rebecca  A.  Naylor,  Sarah  E.  Beasley,  Fanny  Hawley, 
Evaline  Wilson,  L.  Robins,  Mary  Fry,  Julia  E.  McCal- 
lie, Margaret  Russell,  Sarah  Lieuallen,  Clara  L. 
Campbell,  J.  R.  Staner,  C.  J.  Knight,  Sarah  Goede, 
Carrie  Olsen,  Jennie  L.  Cox,  Nancy  DeLong,  Olive 
Fisher,  Mary  L.  Buchanan,  Alice  J.  Wood,  Amanda 
Gilbreth,  Jennie  Paulson,  S.  E.  Clark,  E.  B.  Tomer, 
Massia  Edmundson,  Thyrza  C.  McGregor,  Martha 
Gary,  S.  A.  Kelly,  Addie  Denny,  Lucinda  Jameson, 
Margaret  Vennigerholz,  E.  F.  Tomer,  Jennie 
Burke,  Maggie  S.  Collins,  Amanda  Wolf,  Mary  L. 
Buchanan,  Gary  Kilde,  Susan  Matthis,  Diana  Bu- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


chanan,  L.  L.  Ricksicker,  Margaret  L.  Hooper,  Millie 
F.  Tomer,  Eliza  J.  Garrison,  D.  J.  Wilcox,  Sarah 
Johnson,  F.  C.  McLean,  Ella  Johnson,  Luella  Parker, 
Lillie  Woodward,  Donald  Ryrie,  Luella  Durham,  Em- 
ma Edmundson,  Dora  Summerfield,  Louise  Lang- 
don  Barton,  Viola  Knight,  Lillie  Lieuallen,  Hattie 
Jones,  Ninia  Jones,  C.  L.  Holden,  Fanny  Langdon, 
Julia  A.  Summerfield. 

Misses  Maude  M.  Barton,  Maggie  B.  McCallie, 
and  Anna  DeLong. 

The  assessor's  report  for  the  year  1891  showed  the 
county  to  be  in  a  very  prosperous  condition.  The  to- 
tal valuation  of  property  for  purposes  of  taxation  was 
$3,6  [0,596.  There  were  in  the  county  8,141  horses 
and  mules,  9,183  cattle,  7,705  sheep  and  1,478  hogs. 
This  does  not  of  course  fairly  represent  the  extent  of 
the  stock  industry  as  the  assessor  very  rarely  finds 
all  that  are  grazed  or  fed  in  the  county.  All  industries 
of  farm  and  city  were  prosperous  this  year  and  many 
new  settlers  located  in  all  parts  of  the  county.  In 
1890  Nez  Perces  county  made  demands  on  Latah  for 
about  $2,500  in  claims  as  balances  due  them,  and 
which  they  claimed  had  been  withheld  at  the  time  of 
organization,  when  Latah's  proportion  of  the  old  coun- 
ty's organization  had  been  cancelled.  The  commis- 
sioners of  Latah  county  refused  to  allow  the  amount  and 
the  matter  was  referred  in  regular  form  to  Judge  Pip- 
er's court.  August  8,  1891,  Judge  Piper  sustained  the 
commissioners  in  their  action  and  Nez  Perces  county 
did  not  press  the  demands  further. 

At  the  session  of  congress  creating  a  United  Slates 
court  for  Idaho,  the  state  was  divided  into  three  dis- 
tricts and  a  place  named  in  each  at  which  sessions 
of  the  court  should  be  held.  The  counties  of  Idaho, 
Nez  Perces,  Latah,  Kootenai  and  Shoshone  consti- 
tuted one  district  and  Moscow  was  named  as  the  place 
for  holding  court  in  this  district.  In  August,  1892, 
Judge  Beatty  called  a  special  session  of  the  court  at 
Coeur  d'Alene  City  for  the  purpose  of  trying  the  un- 
ion labor  strikers  from  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mining  re- 
gions. This  action  on  the  part  of  Judge  Beatty  stirred 
up  a  good  deal  of  feeling  among  the  citizens  of  Latah 
county  as  it  was  thought  if  he  had  the  authority  to 
hold  court  where  he  pleased  Latah  county  might  lose 
the  prestige  gained  by  the  selection  of  Moscow  as  the 
court  center  of  the  judicial  district.  Newspapers  and 
attorneys  of  Latah  county  found  expression  of  their 
views  and  their  dissatisfaction  in  many  ways  and  while 
there  was  no  interference  with  the  session  at  Coeur 
d'Alene  City  there  was  never  afterwards  any  dispo- 
sition shown  to  hold  the  sessions  of  the  court  else- 
where than  at  Moscow,  where  all  the  regular  and  spec- 
ial sessions  have  since  been  held. 

In  1892  the  People's  party  entered  the  political 
arena  and  with  the  new  issues  brought  forward  for 
discussion  there  were  lively  times  throughout  the 
campaign.  In  this  campaign  Latah  county  was  rep- 
resented on  the  state  ticket  by  the  successful  candi- 
date for  governor,  Hon.  W.  j.  McConnell,  of  Mos- 
cow, and  on  the  congressional  ticket  by  the  successful 
candidate  for  congress,  Hon.  Willis  Sweet,  also  of 
Moscow.  The  Republican  county  convention  was  held 


at  Moscow,  August  nth,  with  Dr.  W.  W.  Watkins  as 
chairman  and  G.  W.  Coutts,  secretary.  This  was  the 
first  county  convention  of  the  Republican  party  in 
Latah  county.  There  was  a  decided  lack  of  harmony 
in  the  convention,  owing  to  strife  between  factions 
of  the  party,  but  a  full  ticket  was  eventually  chosen, 
and  by  the  time  the  campaign  was  well  under  way, 
harmony  was  restored  and  the  candidates  received  the 
loyal  support  of  all  factions.  After  declaring  for  pro- 
of immigration,  and  after  endorsing  the  records  of 
Hon.  W.  J.  McConnell  as  governor  and  Hon.  Willis 
Sweet  as  congressman,  they  inserted  the  following 
paragraph  in  their  platform:  "We  demand  the  free 
and  unlimited  coinage  of  gold  and  silver  and  we  de- 
mand that  each  and  every  paper  dollar  issued  upon 
either  metal  shall,  with  said  metals,  be  a  full  legal 
tender  for  all  debts,  public  and  private." 

The  following  ticket  was  placed  in  the  field :  For 
sheriff,  John  L.  Naylor,  Moscow;  treasurer,  Robert 
S.  Brown,  Moscow ;  probate  judge,  Harvey  R.  Smith, 
Moscow ;  assessor,  David  Fairburn,  Moscow ;  coroner, 
I  Edwin  Hughes,  Moscow ;  surveyor,  S.  L.  Campbell, 
Moscow;  clerk  of  the  court  and  auditor,  B.  F.  Cone, 
Palouse  precinct;  representatives  Latah  county,  S.  A. 
Anderson,  Swan  Creek,  and  Henry  H.  Bangs,  Troy; 
joint  senator  Latah  and  Nez  Perces  county,  J.  Morris 
Howe,  Lewiston;  representative  Latah  and  Kootenai, 
Henry  J.  Harper.  Palouse  precinct;  representative 
Latah  county,  J.  I.  Micham,  Kendrick;  commission- 
ers, ist  district,  William  Kincaid,  Palouse  precinct, 
2d  district,  E.  T.  Platt,  Genesee,  3d  district,  A.  N. 
Roberts,  American  Ridge. 

The  Democratic  convention  assembled  in  Moscow 
July  3oth.  J.  M.  Walker  of  Kendrick  was  elected 
chairman  and  J.  Woodworth,  of  Moscow,  secretary. 
After  endorsing  the  Chicago  platform  as  adopted  June 
24th,  the  convention  proceeded  to  place  the  following 
ticket  before  the  people:  joint  senator,  Latah  and 
Kootenai  counties,  William  J.  Quirk,  Kootenai  coun- 
ty ;  joint  senator,  Latah  and  Nez  Perces  county,  Thom- 
as F.  Nelson,  Cornwall ;  senator,  Latah  county,  Joe 
M.  Walker,  Kendrick ;  joint  representative  Latah  and 
Kootenai  counties,  John  Donahue,  Kootenai  county; 
representatives,  William  J.  Seat,  Troy,  George  W. 
Wilton,  Palouse  precinct;  commissioners,  1st  district, 
Dudley  C.  Tribble,  Starner,  2d  district,  Jerry  R.  Bak- 
er, Moscow,  3d  district,  Wyman  Crow,  Kendrick; 
•lerk  and  auditor,  William  M.  Payne,  Moscow; 
sheriff,  Harvey  J.  Bundy,  Genesee;  treasurer,  Isaac 
C.  Hattabaugh,  Moscow ;  probate  judge,  W.  L.  Cul- 
bertson,  Moscow;  assessor,  L.  D.  Martin,  Moscow; 
coroner,  Charles  E.  Worthington,  Moscow;  surveyor, 
William  P.  Nichols,  Kendrick. 

The  People's  party  convened  at  Moscow,  August 
1 3th.  Hiram  Eperly  was  chosen  chairman  and  T.  E. 
Edmundson.  secretary.  The  Omaha  platform  was  en- 
dorsed, including  the  sub-treasury  plan  and  other 
natural  innovations  proposed  in  the  national  conven- 
tion. The  ticket  nominated  was  as  follows :  For  joint 
senator  Latah  and  Nez  Perces  county,  John  Cheno- 
weth,  Nez  Perces  county ;  senator  Latah  county,  Mar- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


•ques  S.  Smith,  Genesee ;  representatives,  Aaron  T. 
Lane  and  George  W.  Tomer,  Moscow ;  commissioners, 
ist  district,  George  W.  Griner,  Palouse  precinct,  2d 
-district,  Dudley  J.  Hammond,  Moscow,  3d  district, 
Axel  Olsen,  Troy ;  clerk  and  auditor,  Frank  W.  Web- 
ster, Palouse  precinct :  sheriff,  C.  A.  S.  Howard,  Mos- 
cow ;  treasurer,  John  Gilstrop,  Moscow  ;  probate  judge, 
William  A.  Comer.  Cora;  assessor,  Thomas  L.  Chil- 
lers, Moscow ;  coroner,  Amon  K.  Biddison,  Troy ;  no 
candidate  was  nominated  for  surveyor. 

The  following  is  the  official  record  of  the  election 
-which  took  place  November  8th :  The  vote  of  Latah 
county  for  congressman  stood,  Willis  Sweet,  1,420, 
E.  B.  True,  622,  James  Gunn,  722,  E.  R.  Headley,  51, 
Sweet's  plurality,  698.  The  vote  for  governor  stood, 
W,  J.  McConnell,  1,397,  J-  M-  Burke,  694,  A.  J.  Crook, 
726,"  Joseph  A.  Clark,  46,  McConnell's  plurality,  671. 
For  legislative  and  county  officers  the  vote  was  as  fol- 
lows :  Joint  senator  Latah  and  Kootenai  counties,  Ber- 
gen, 1,327,  Quirk,  937,  Bergen's  plurality,  390;  joint 
senator  Latah  and  Nez  Perces  counties,  Howe,  1,225, 
Nelson,  768,  Chenoweth,  731,  Howe's  plurality,  457; 
senator,  Micham,  1,183.  Walker,  783,  Smith,  762,  Mic- 
ham's  plurality,  400;  joint  representative  Latah  and 
Kootenai  counties,  Hopper,  1,323,  Donahue,  931,  Hop- 
per's majority,  393;  representatives,  Anderson,  1,212, 
Bangs,  i",i53|  Seat,  711,  Wilton,  588,  Lane,  600,  To- 
mer, 776,  Anderson's  plurality,  501,  Bang's  plurality, 
565;  commissioners,  Kincaid,  1,203,  Platt,  1,159,  Rob- 
erts, 1.345,  Tribble,  870,  Baker,  790,  Crow,  629,  Gri- 
ner, 675,  Hammond,  695,  Olsen,  684,  Kincaid's  plur- 
ality, 33,  Platt's  plurality,  369,  Roberts'  plurality,  66 1 ; 
clerk  and  auditor,  Cone,  1,251,  Payne,  858,  Webster, 
653,  Cone's  plurality,  393 ;  sheriff,  Naylor,  965,  Bundy, 
906,  Howard,  948,  Naylor's  plurality,  17;  treasurer, 
Brown,  904,  Hattabaugh.  1.152,  Gilstrop,  665,  Hatta- 
baugh's  plurality,  158:  probate  judge,  Smith,  1,240, 
Culbertson.  727,  Comer.  668,  Smith's  plurality,  513; 
assessor,  Fairburn.  1,156,  Martin,  827,  Chilclers,  750, 
Fairburn's  plurality,  329;  coroner,  Hughes.  1,128, 
\Yorthingtoii,  863,  "Biddison,  723,  Hughes's  plurality, 
265;  surveyor.  Campbell,  1,389,  Nichols,  925,  Camp- 
bell's majority,  464. 

The  year  of  1893  was  one  of  great  disaster  to 
Latah  county.  The  story  of  the  financial  panic  of  that 
year  is  too  familiar  to  require  detailed  repetition  here. 
The  failure  of  large  banking  institutions  in  the  money 
centers  of  the  east  and  west  involved  those  of  lesser 
magnitude  in  smaller  towns  and  these  failures  brought 
disaster  to  farmers,  depositors  and  to  those  who  needed 
money  to  conduct  or  pay  for  their  farms.  Many  of  the 
large  and  small  commercial  houses  all  over  the  west 
went  to  the  wall  and  the  forced  payments  of  accounts 
by  the  small  debtors  had  its  influence  in  bringing 
about  oppressive  conditions.  Latah  county  escaped 
none  of  the  disasters  and  experienced  one  special  dis- 
aster that  brought  many  of  the  farmers  to  the  verge  of 
ruin,  from  which  it  took  years  of  patient  toil  and  great 
privations  to  escape.  The  most  important  failure  in 
Latah  county  was  that  of  the  McConnell-Maguire 
Company  in  Moscow,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in 
general  merchandise.  This  house  closed  its  doors  in 


April.  The  immediate  cause  of  the  failure  was  the 
sale  of  the  McConnell,  Chambers  &  Company  store  at 
Pullman  to  Maguire  &  Browne  of  Moscow,' in  which 
McConnell  and  Chambers  held  shares.  The  Pullman 
house  had  invested  heavily  in  wheat  and  the  great  de- 
pression of  the  market  caused  them  to  sustain  heavy 
losses,  which,  involving  the  Moscow  house,  compelled 
it  to  close.  The  assets  of  the  firm  were  $280,000,  with 
liabilities  footing  $216,000:  The  First  National  Bank 
of  Moscow  immediately  got  out  attachments  for  $22,- 
343.68;  the  Moscow  National  Bank,  attachments  for 

343-  and  other  creditors  ran  the  attachments  up  to 
(.68.  The  firm  filed  papers  of  insolvency  to 
protect  its  creditors  and  its  affairs  were  eventually 
settled  to  the  satisfaction  of  all,  but  the  business  was 
never  reopened. 

In  addition  to  the  financial  troubles  Latah  county 
suffered  the  loss  of  almost  its  entire  crop  of  grain, 
which  was  exceptionally  abundant,  by  heavy  rains  that 
came  during  the  harvest  and  before  any  threshing  had 
been  done.  This  was  an  unusual  occurrence,  unheard 
of  before  and  not  repeated  since.  The  grain  crops 
rotted  in  the  fields,  almost  none  being  harvested  and 
sold,  so  that  the  farmers  were  placed  in  the  most  de- 
plorable condition  from  which  they  were  many  years 
in  recovering.  Conditions  in  1893  and  in  the  three  or 
four  years  following  can  only  be  realized  by  compari- 
son with  the  present  conditions.  It  is  doubtful  if  in 
any  other  section  of  the  country  there  is  a  more  no- 
ticeable change  during  the  last  ten  years  than  in  Latah 
county.  It  might  almost  be  termed  an  advance  from 
poverty  to  affluence,  from  depression  to  prosperity, 
from  general  despondency  to  universal  hope,  elation 
and  contentment. 

Ten  years  ago  the  entire  country  was  complaining 
of  hard  times,  and  Latah  county  was  about  as  hard  hit 
as  any  other  section  that  found  itself  hard  up  and  with 
no  apparent  way  of  getting  out  of  the  difficulty.  The 
people  had  little  or  no  money,  their  farms  were  mort- 
gaged, back  interest  was  due,  small  debts  had  ac- 
cumulated, their  products  found  poor  markets  and  it 
was  an  unusually  sanguine  man  who  could  see  daylight 
al-.ead.  The  land  of  those  who  would  sell  went 
begging;  there  was  no  demand  for  it.  If  real  estate 
transfers  were  reported,  it  was  not  because  the  pur- 
chaser wished  to  buy  but  because  he  was  forced  to  do 
it  if  he  would  get  what  was  coming  to  him.  Since  that 
gloomy  period  the  heavy  skies  have  lifted  and  for 
several  years  fortune  has  favored  those  who  struggled 
with  so 'much  determination  against  the  adversity  that 
spared  so  few.  Many  of  those  who  succeeded  by  great 
effort  in  holding  their  farms  have  been  able  not  only 
to  raise  their  mortgages  and  get  square  with  the  world, 
but  also  to  increase  their  property  and  reap  larger 
profits  than  ever  from  greater  acreage.  It  is  not  now 
a  question  as  to  who  will  buy  but  as  to  who  will  sell. 
The  farmers  do  not  as  a  rule  wish  to  part  with  their 
holdings,  but  are  anxious  to  add  to  what  they  already 
have.  They  have  done  well  with  their  crops  and  home- 
seekers  from  the  east,  having  learned  of  it,  are  eager 
to  acquire  Latah  county  land.  As  a  result  there  is  a 
more  genera!  improvement  of  farms  and  a  more  solid 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


movement  in  farm  property  than  Latah  county  has 
witnessed  for  many  years. 

There  were  no  changes  for  the  better  in  the  general 
conditions  that  prevailed  during  the  year  1894.  If  any- 
thing, the  effects  of  the  financial  panic  and  crop  fail- 
ure were  more  seriously  felt  than  in  the  year  previous. 
The  crops  this  year  were  good  but  the  prices  were  not, 
and  obligations  could  not  be  cancelled.  The  year 
closed  with  all  lines  of  business  comparatively  at  a 
standstill. 

While  there  have  been  crimes  of  greater  or  less 
magnitude  committed  in  Latah  county,  there  has  never 
been  a  legal  hanging  or  murder  in  the  first  degree  and 
there  have  been  no  lynchings.  On  Tuesday,  October 
5,  1894,  a  terrible  crime  was  committe  din  the  county 
jail,  an  insane  prisoner  killing  his  cell  mate  in  a  hor- 
rible manner.  A  soldier  named  Roberts  had,  a  year  or 
two  previously,  been  arrested  at  Fort  Sherman  for 
killing  a  brother  soldier.  He  had  afterward  been  ad- 
judged insane  and  had  since  been  confined  in  the  Latah 
county  jail  awaiting  the  pleasure  of  the  United  States 
marshal.  He  was  not  considered  a  dangerous  man  and 
was  therefore  allowed  free  intercourse  with  other  pris- 
oners in  the  corridors  of  the  jail.  At  this  time  there 
was  but  one  other  prisoner,  a  quiet,  inoffensive  young 
man  about  twenty  years  old,  named  John  Witte,  who 
was  awaiting  trial  in  the  United  States  court  on  the 
charge  of  selling  liquor  to  the  Indians  on  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  reservation.  For  more  than  a  year  Sheriff 
J.  L.  Naylor  had  been  trying  to  induce  the  United 
States  marshal  to  take  Roberts  out  of  his  custody.  No 
attention,  however,  had  been  paid  to  his  requests  and 
for  about  eighteen  months  he  remained  the  charge  of 
the  Latah  county  officials.  On  the  date  mentioned 
above,  during  the  absence  of  Jailer  Donahue,  Roberts 
attacked  Witte  while  the  latter  was  sleeping  and  after 
crushing  his  skull  with  a  stove  lid,  literally  hacked  his 
victim  to  pieces  with  some  dull  instrument  which  could 
not  afterwards  be  found.  On  the  day  following  the 
crime  the  United  States  marshal  started  with  Roberts 
for  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  his  victim,  being  without 
friends  or  relatives,  was  buried  in  potter's  field. 

Some  time  in  1892  George  N.  Hinckley  became 
deputy  auditor  of  Latah  county.  He  had  no  sooner 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  work  of  the  office  than 
he  began  "raising"  county  warrants  whose  face  value 
was  a  nominal  sum,  to  hundreds  of  dollars,  disposing 
of  the  same  and  appropriating  excess  amounts  to  his 
own  personal  use.  During  a  period  of  less  than  two 
years  he  "raised"  warrants  of  a  total  face  value  of 
about  $500,  collecting  thereon  about  $20,000,  which  he 
used  in  living  a  high  life  generally.  His  operations 
were  discovered  in  August,  r894,  and  on  a  charge  of 
forgery  preferred  by  County  Auditor  B.  F.  Cone  he 
was  arrested  by  Sheriff  J.'L.  Naylor  and  held  for 
trial.  His  success  in  continuing  these  operations  for 
so  long  a  time  without  detection  resulted  from  the  fact 
that  he  had  absolute  sway  in  the  auditor's  office.  He 
kept  the  bank  account,  receipted  for  all  fees,  made  out 


all  i 


allowed  and  the  warrant  book  he  held  the  warrant 
book  and  reported  an  agreement  of  the  accounts.  His 
embezzling  career  was  brought  to  a  speedy  termina- 
tion by  the  action  of  Auditor  Cone.  On  September 
6th  Hinckley  pleaded  guilt}'  to  the  charge  brought 
aginst  him  before  Judge  Piper  and  was  sentenced  to 
twelve  years  at  hard  labor  in  the  penitentiary,  from 
which,  however,  he  was  pardoned  before  the  expira- 
tion of  the  sentence. 

In  the  political  campaign  of  1894  the  Republicans 
endorsed  the  national  platform  adopted  at  Minne- 
apolis in  1902,  declared  for  protection  and  bi-metallism 
and  for  the  restriction  of  immigration.  The  Democrats 
endorsed  the  Chicago  platform  of  1892  and  declared 
for  the  free  and  unlimited  coinage  of  silver  and  for  the 
repeal  of  the  McKinley  tariff  law.  The  People's  party 
endorsed  the  Omaha  "platform.  The  Democrats  and 
People's  parties  fused  in  this  campaign,  nominating 
the  same  candidates  except  for  one  or  two  offices.  The 
chairmen  of  the  Populist  and  Democratic  central  com- 
mittees issued  a  joint  announcement  of  the  fusion  of 
these  two  parties.  At  the  election  which  took  place 
November  6th,  the  fusion  party  was  successful,  giving 
their  candidates  majorities  ranging  from  13  for  as- 
sessor to  388  for  representative.  The  Republicans 
convened  August  ist,  selecting  F.  A.  David  for  chair- 
man and  W.  P.  Cattron,  secretary.  Following  are  the 
nominees  of  the  convention :  For  representatives,  Dan- 
iel Gamble,  Moscow,  and  Alfred  Colburn,  Palouse  pre- 
cinct ;  sheriff,  Charles  F.  Burr,  Genesee ;  clerk  and 
auditor,  Benjamin  F.  Cone,  Palouse  precinct ;  probate 
judge,  Harvey  R.  Smith,  Moscow;  assessor,  Rodney 
P.  Drury,  Big  Bear  ridge :  treasurer,  LaFayette  Will- 
iams, Moscow  ;  coroner,  William  Groat,  Moscow ;  sur- 
veyor, William  H.  Edelblute,  Palouse  precinct;  com- 
missioners, ist  district,  William  M.  Kincaid,  Palouse 
precinct.  2(1  district.  John  Paulson,  Thorn  Creek,  3d 
district,  Richard  King,  Bear  Ridge. 

The  Populists  convened  July  i8th  and  the  Demo- 
crats July  27th.  For  clerk  and  auditor  the  Democrats 
named  Jay  Woodworth,  of  Moscow,  and  the  Populists, 
Charles  A.  Niles,  of  Potlatch.  Other  candidates  on  the 
two  tickets  were  as  follows :  For  representatives,  John 
S.  Randolph  and  John  C.  Waite ;  sheriff,  Frank  Camp- 
bell, Palouse  precinct;  probate  judge,  Willis  X.  B. 
Anderson,  Moscow;  assessor,  Carrie  B.  Hammond, 
Moscow:  treasurer,  John  Gilstrop,  Moscow:  coroner, 
Charles  S.  Moody,  Kendrick ;  surveyor,  Samuel  L. 
Campbell,  Moscow;  commissioners,  ist  district,  Will- 
iam W.  Young,  2d  district,  William  H.  Leasure.  Mos- 
cow. 3d  district,  Mamford  W.  Harlan.  Bear  Ridge. 
William  G.  Piper  was  the  Republican  candidate  for 
judge  and  Stewart  S.  Denning  the  Democratic  or 

the  Republican  candidate  for  district  attorney,  and 
Clay  McXamce,  of  Moscow,  the  Fusion  candidate. 
For  state  senator.  James  C.  Steele,  of  Kendrick,  was 
the  Republican  nominee,  and  Tannes  E.  Miller.-  Gen- 
esee. the  Fusion  nominee.  For  joint  senator  of  Latah 


i  the 


lepu 


•  made  between  the  records  of  bills 


596 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ator  Latah  and  Nez  Perces  counties  the  Republicans 
were  represented  by  Daniel  C.  .Mitchell,  of  Moscow, 
and  the  Populists  by  Henry  Heitfeld,  of  Lewiston. 

Record  of  votes  cast  at  the  election  of  November 
6th  is  as  follows :  For  congressman  the  vote  of  Latah 
county  stood,  Edgar  Wilson,  Republican,  1,253,  James 
Ballentine.  Democrat,  304,  James  Gunn,  Fusionist, 
1,168,  Wilson's  plurality,  85;  governor,  W.  J.  Mc- 
Connell,  Republican,  1,215,  Edward  Stevenson,  Demo- 
crat, 423,  James  W.  Ballentine,  Fusionist,  1,194,  Mc- 
Connell's  plurality,  21  :  district  judge,  William  G. 
Piper,  Republican,  1,399,  Stewart  S.  Denning,  Fu- 
sionist, 1,279,  Piper's  majority,  120;  district  attorney, 
James  E.  Babb,  1,241,  Clay  McNamee,  1,575,  Mc- 
Namec's  majority,  334;  senator,  Steele,  1,335,  Miller, 
1,398,  Miller's  majority,  63;  joint  senator  Kootenai 
and  Latah  counties,  Brown,  1,295,  Nelson,  1,288, 
Brown's  majority,  7;  joint  senator  Latah  and  Nez 
Perces  counties.  Mitchell,  1,360,  Heitfield,  1,448,  Heit- 
f eld's  majority,  88;  representatives,  Gamble,  1,325, 
Colburn,  1,085,  Randolph,  1,473,  Waite,  1,195,  Gam- 
ble's majority,  130,  Randolph's  majority,  388;  joint 
representative  Latah  and  Kootenai  counties,  Henry, 
1,312,  VanGasken,  301,  Catlow,  1,128,  Henry's  plur- 
ality, 184;  sheriff,  Burr,  1,364,  Campbell,  1,453,  Camp- 
bell's majority,  89;  clerk  and  auditor,  Cone,  1,194, 
Woodworth,  1,308,  Niles,  334,  Woodwork's  plurality, 
114;  probate  judge,  Smith,  1,315,  Anderson,  1,497, 
Anderson's  majority,  182:  assessor,  Drury,  1,319, 
Hammond,  1,412,  Hammond's  majority,  13;  treasurer, 
Williams,  1,527,  Gilstrop,  1,496,  Gilstrop's  majority, 
169;  coroner,  Groat,  1,263,  Moody,  1,484,  Moody 's 
majority,  221  ;  surveyor,  Edelblute,  1,266,  Campbell, 
1,485,  Campbell's  majority,  219;  commissioners,  ist 
district,  Kincaid,  1,256,  Young,  1,534,  Young's  major- 
ity, 278,  2d  district,  Paulson,  1,251,  Leasure,  1,561, 
Leasure's  majority,  310,  3d  district,  King,  1,280,  Har- 
land,  1,511,  Harland's  majority,  231. 

In  1895  the  outstanding  warrants  of  the  county 
amounted  to  $54,000.  It  was  desired  to  get  this  obli- 
gation in  better  business  form  and  the  proposition  was 
therefore  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people  at  a  special 
election  to  authorize  the  county  commissioners  to  is- 
sue bonds  to  the  amount  of  the  outstanding  warrants. 
The  election  was  held  August  igth,  at  which  time  480 
votes  were  cast  in  favor  of  the  bond  issue  and  279 
votes  against  it.  As  the  law  governing  the  issue  of 
bonds  required  a  two-thirds  vote  favoring  the  issue 
the  efforts  to  so  cancel  the  warrants  failed  and  it  was 
left  to  future  action  to  dispose  of  the  matter. 

At  the  general  election  of  1894  John  Gilstrop  was 
elected  county  treasurer.  The  board  of  commissioners 
required  of  him  a  bond  of  $80,000,  which  he  had  great 
difficulty  in  securing.  Eventually  he  made  an  arrange- 
ment with  the  Moscow  National  Bank  and  the  Com- 
mercial Bank  by  which  they  agreed  to  go  his  bond 
provided  he  would  deposit  the  county  money  equally 
between  the  two  banks.  The  arrangement  consum- 
mated, the  bond  was  presented  to  the  commissioners 
and  accepted.  In  March,  1895,  the  Commercial  Bank 
failed  and  through  its  failure  $12,776.95  of  the  county 
funds  were  tied  up.  Under  the  law  this  made  the 


county  treasurer  a  defaulter.  The  commissioners  at 
once  entered  suit  against  Mr.  Gilstrop  and  bondsmen 
for  the  amount  of  the  funds  he  could  not  produce, 
but  had  no  intention  of  pressing  the  suit  so  long  as 
there  was  any  probability  of  the  recovery  of  the  funds 
kept  by  the  Commercial  Bank.  Treasurer  Gilstrop 
had  entered  suit  against  the  bank  and  had  attached  the 
bank  building  to  protect  the  county  from  loss.  The 
state  of  affairs  was  such  as  to  cause  a  panic  among  the 
sureties  who  had  signed  the  bond  with  the  bank  and 
they  withdrew  their  names.  The  commissioners  then 
demanded  another  bond  and  having  every  confidence  in 
the  integrity  and  honesty  of  Mr.  Gilstrop,  required  of 
him  the  minimum  bond  allowed  by  law,  $10,000. 
After  several  months'  effort,  Mr.  Gilstrop  furnished 
the  bond,  but  it  was  found  on  investigation  that  only 
$4,000  of  it  was  good.  The  commissioners  therefore 
declined  co  accept  it  and  on  September  12,  1895,  de- 
clared the  office  of  treasurer  of  the  county  vacant. 
Mr.  Gilstrop  made  a  statement  to  the  board  of  com- 
missioners to  the  effect  that  he  had  taken  none  of  the 
county's  money  for  personal  use;  that  the  failure  of 
the  commissioners  to  allow  his  salary  had  caused  him 
grievous  embarrassment  and  even  suffering;  that  he 
had  no  other  source  of  income  than  the  meagre  salary 
of  the  office,  $83  per  month,  and  being  denied  this,  had 
been  compelled  to  deprive  his  family  of  many  of  the 
necessaries  of  life  and  had  caused  them  much  suf- 
fering. This  statement  was  known  to  be  true  and 
there  was  much  genuine  sympathy  with  the  treasurer 
on  account  of  the  embarrassing  circumstances  with 
which  he  was  surrounded.  The  commissioners,  how- 
ever, were  justified  in  the  course  they  pursued;  it  was 
their  first  duty  to  protect  the  county's  funds  and  there 
was  no  course  of  action  left  open  to  them  other  than 
the  one  they  followed.  The  office  of  treasurer  remained 
vacant  for  some  time,  but  at  a  meeting  in  September 
the  commissioners  appointed  Burt  O.  Winslow  to  fill 
the  unexpired  term  of  Mr.  Gilstrop. 

Educational  matters  have  always  received  special 
consideration  from  the  citizens  of  Latah  county.  When 
the  county  was  formed  in  1888  there  were  in  exist- 
ence fifty-eight  districts,  in  all  of  which  were  school 
buildings.  In  some  of  the  outlying  districts  the  build- 
ings were  of  logs,  but  were  commodious.  The  first 
schoolhouse  north  of  Clearwater  river  was  erected  just 
east  of  the  present  town  of  Moscow  on  what  is  known 
as  the  Haskens  place,  in  August,  1879,  by  George  W. 
Tomer,  A.  A.  and  Noah  Lieuallen  and  L.  Haskens, 
who  hauled  pine  logs  from  the  mountains,  and  them- 
selves did  the  work  of  construction.  No  lumber  was 
obtainable  for  flooring,  so  the  first  school  was  taught 
during  the  fall  and  winter  of  1871  by  Noah  Lieuallen 
on  a  dirt  floor.  Mr.  Lieuallen  received  fifty  dollars  a 
month  for  his  services.  The  first  school  board  in  this 
district  was  composed  of  A.  A.  Lieuallen,  L.  Haskens 
and  George  W.  Tomer.  In  order  to  show  the  extent 
of  progress  made  in  school  work  we  have  compiled 
some  statistics  from  the  annual  report  of  School  Su- 
perintendent L.  N.  B.  Anderson  for  the  year  1895. 
According  to  the  school  census,  as  enumerated  July  i, 
1895,  there  were  in  Latah  county  4,787  children  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


school  age.  There  were  84  districts,  two  of  which 
were  independent  and  five  of  which  were  graded.  The 
schoolhouses  numbered  81,  all  but  one  of  which  were 
owned  by  the  districts.  There  were  thirty  male  teach- 
ers at  an  average  wage  of  $35  per  month  and  forty  fe- 
male teachers  at  an  average  wage  of  $34  a  month.  The 
total  amount  paid  teachers  this  year  was  $24,858. 
which  was  a  greater  amount  than  that  paid  by  any 
other  county  in  the  state.  The  total  expenditures  for 
school  purposes  for  the  year,  including  the  cost  for 
new  building  and  sites,  was  $34,019.  The  bonded  in- 
debtedness of  the  district  amounted  to  $60,050  and  the 
total  value  of  school  property  was  estimated  to  be 
$94,177. 

The  event  of  1896  in  Latah  county,  as  in  the  whole 
country,  was  the  great  national  political  campaign  in 
which  the  Bryan  forces  entered  the  field,  dividing  the 
Democratic  party  and  bringing  forward  as  a  para- 
mount issue  the  free  coinage  of  silver  at  the  ratio  of 
16  to  I.  Viewed  from  a  present  day  standpoint  the  ex- 
citement attending  that  campaign,  when  we  consider 
the  issue,  may  be  said  to  be  phenomenal.  Although  there 
are  still  a  few  who  advocate  free  coinage,  it  has  ceased 
to  be  an  issue  between  the  great  political  parties  and  if 
we  would  refresh  our  minds  on  the  views  of  the  poli- 
ticians on  this  question,  we  must  dig  up  the  old  files 
of  newspapers  and  read  the  editorials  of  1896.  At  the 
present  day  the  only  visible  reminders  that  tell  us  of 
the  unparalleled  enthusiasm  aroused  by  the  silver  is- 
sue, are  occasional  signboards  on  the  street,  such  as 
"The  Free  Coinage  Meat  Market,  the  Sixteen  to  One 
Livery  Stable,  or  the  Free  Silver  Saloon." 

Three  county  conventions  were  held  in  Moscow, 
Wednesday,  September  23,  1896,  and  two  county  tick- 
ets were  put  in  the  field.  The  Democrats  and  Popu- 
lists nominated  a  joint  ticket.  Conference  commit- 
tees were  appointed  soon  after  the  conventions  were 
organized  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  Democrats  should 
name  two  members  of  the  legislature  and  the  county 
treasurer,  while  the  Populists  should  name  the  balance. 
This  arrangement  was  ratified  by  both  conventions. 
Nominations  were  made  in  separate  conventions  and 
were  afterward  ratified  in  joint  session  of  the  two 
parties.  This  joint  ticket  was  known  during  the  cam- 
paign as  the  People's-Democratic,  and  was  composed 
of  the  following  candidates  :  For  representatives,  John 
S.  Randolph,  Pine  creek,  John  C.  Waite,  Potlatch, 
William  M.  Morgan,  Moscow,  J.  W.  Seat,  Troy,  and 
John  C.  Elder.  Moscow;  sheriff,  William  Hunter, 
Moscow :  treasurer.  Frank  E.  Cornwall,  Moscow ;  pro- 
bate judge,  William  Perkins,  Moscow;  assessor,  Per- 
sifer  L.  Smith,  Genesee ;  coroner,  Samuel  T.  Owings ; 
surveyor,  Samuel  L.  Campbell,  Moscow ;  commission- 
ers, first  district.  Marques  L.  Smith,  Palouse  precinct, 
2d  district,  Hans  Knudson,  Thorn  Creek,  3d  district, 
Manford  W.  Harland,  American  Ridge. 

The  Silver  Republicans  in  G.  A.  R.  hall  chose  Dr. 
Harvey,  of  Genesee,  chairman,  and  George  W.  Coutts, 
Kendrick,  secretary.  The  beliefs  of  the  party  were 
embodied  in  the  following  resolution,  which  was  unan- 
imously adopted  • 

"Believing  firmly  that  the  prosperity  of  the  nation 


depends  upon  the  immediate  restoration  of  silver  to  its 
old  place  as  constitutional  money  and  demanding  that 
the  coining  of  silver  should  be  free  and  unlimited  at 
the  mints  of  the  United  States,  we  favor  the  election 
of  William  J.  Bryan  as  president  of  the  United  States. 
We  indorse  the  action  of  Fred  T.  Dubois  and  other 
silver  senators  in  denouncing  the  national  Republican 
convention  at  St.  Louis,  which  convention  violated  all 
former  financial  pledges  of  that  party." 

The  following  candidates  were  placed  in  nomina- 
tion for  the  various  county  offices :  For  representa- 
tives, Rodney  P.  Drury, '  Bear  creek,  Lindol  Smith, 
Moscow,  Leonard  J.  Harvey,  Kendrick,  Franklin  C. 
McLean  and  Peter  Hoidal,  Troy;  sheriff,  Henry  H. 
Bangs,  Thorn  creek;  probate  judge,  John  B.  Easter, 
Moscow  ;  assessor,  Ulysses  S.  Mix,  Mix;  coroner,  Wy- 
lie  Lauder,  Moscow ;  surveyor,  Henry  L.  Colts,  Mos- 
cow ;  commissioners,  1st  district,  Homer  W.  Canfield, 
Palouse  precinct,  2d  district,  George  Tegland,  Thorn 
creek,  3d  district,  John  Magee,  Kendrick.  The  Silver 
Republicans  named  no  candidate  for  treasurer,  but 
gave  their  support  in  the  campaign  to  Burt  O.  Will- 
iams, Kendrick,  who  ran  independent  for  this  office. 

The  regular  Republican  convention  was  held  Sep- 
tember 3oth.  Resolutions  were  adopted  along  old 
party  lines  and  the  St.  Louis  platform  endorsed. 
While  there  was  little  hope  of  success  at  the  polls,  it 
was  desired  to  keep  the  county  organization  alive  and 
a  full  ticket  was  nominated  as  follows:  For  repre- 
sentatives, Charles  J.  Munson,  Moscow,  Mark  A. 
Means,  Genesee,  George  G.  Strong,  Cora,  Albert  J. 
Green,  Moscow,  Burtis  L.  Jenkins,  Kendrick;  sher- 
iff, William  N.  Buchanan,  Moscow ;  treasurer,  George 
W.  Daggett,  Genesee ;  probate  judge,  John  J.  Swartz, 
Moscow;  assessor.  Archibald  Gammel,  Juliaetta;  cor- 
oner, Louis  A.  Torsen,  Moscow;  surveyor,  Theodore 
P.  Calkins,  Collins :  commissioners,  ist  district,  George 
A.  Sawyer,  Palouse  precinct,  2d  district,  Hans  C.  J. 
Tweed,  Genesee,  3d  district,  Oscar  Larson,  Troy. 

State  and  congressional  candidates  this  year  were 
as  follows :  For  governor,  David  H.  Budlong,  Repub- 
lican, Frank  Steunenberg,  People's-Democratic  and 
Silver  Republican,  Moses  F.  Fowler.  Prohibitionist. 
Candidates  for  congress  were  John  T.  Morrison,  Re- 
publican, James  Gunn,  People's-Democratic,  William 
Borah,  Silver  Republican,  James  T.  Smith,  Prohibi- 
tionist. For  state  senator  the  Republicans  nominated 
John  W.  Brigham,  the  People's-Democratic  party  nom- 
inated Thomas  F.  Nelson,  and  the  Silver  Republicans 
nominated  Frank  A.  David. 

The  results  of  the  election,  at  which  the  People's- 
Democratic  party  won  a  decided  victory  and  which 
took  place  November  3d,  follows:  For  congressman, 
Morrison,  1,003,  Gunn,  1,440,  Borah,  389.  Smith,  21, 
Gunn's  majority  in  Latah  county,  27;  governor.  Bud- 
long,  1,007.  Steunenberg,  1,826,  Fowler,  21,  Steun- 
enberg's  majority,  792;  state  senator,  Brigham,  961, 
Nelson,  1,560,  David,  245.  Nelson's  majority,  354; 
representatives.  Munson,  988,  Means,  974,  Strong,  964, 
Green,  948,  Jenkins,  954,  Randolph,  1,372,  Waite, 
1,353-  Morgan,  1,391,  Seat,  1.398,  Elder,  1,477,  Drury, 
452,  Smith,  538,  Harvey,  421,  McLean,  398,  Hoidal, 


S98 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


331,  Randolph's  plurality,  384,  Wake's  plurality,  379, 
Morgan's  plurality,  427,  Seat's  plurality,  450,  Elder's 
plurality,  523;  sheriff,  Buchanan,  1,004,  Hunter,  1,266, 
Bangs,  610,  Hunter's  plurality,  262;  treasurer,  Dag- 
gett,  858,  Cornwall,  1,263,  Winslow,  639,  Cornwall's 
plurality,  405 ;  probate'  judge,  Swartz,  949,  Perkins, 
1,540,  Easter,  499,  Perkins'  plurality,  391  ;  assessor, 
Archibald  Gammell,  989.  Smith,  i',3OO,  Mix,  515, 
Smith's  plurality,  311  :  coroner,  Torsen,  1,081,  Owings, 
1,190,  Lauder,  444,  Owings'  plurality,  109;  surveyor, 
Cauikins,  944,  Campbell,  1,446,  Coats,  330,  Campbell's 
majority,  172;  commissioners,  ist  district,  Sawyer, 
947,  Smith,  1,369,  Canfiekl,  404,  Smith's  majority,  18, 
2ci  district,  Tweed,  999,  Knudson,  1,388,  Tegland,  434, 
Knudson's  plurality,  389,  3d  district,  Larson,  963,  Har- 
land,  1.367,  Magee,  448,  Harland's  plurality,  404. 

By  the  year  1898  the  effects  of  the  panic  had  in  a 
large' measure  disappeared,  though  many  mortgages 
were  still  held  by  loan  companies  on  farms  and  city 
real  estate  in  Latah  county.  There  was  a  time  when 
the  Northwestern  Hypotheek  Bank,  of  Spokane, 
owned  property,  obtained  by  foreclosure  proceedings, 
in  almost  every  township  in  the  county,  besides  busi- 
ness buildings  and  other  holdings  in  nearly  all  the 
towns.  But  the  obligations  of  the  farmers  and  others 
had  been  gradually  lessened  during  the  preceding  two 
or  three  years  and  some  measure  of  former  prosperity 
had  returned.  In  1898  there  were  346,938  acres  of  pat- 
ented lands  in  the  county  valued  for  purposes  of  tax- 
ation at  $1,556,336,  which  was  of  course  far  below  the 
market  value.  The  total  value  of  real  property,  town 
and  country,  was  placed  at  $2,237,268.  Assessment 
was  made  on  1,252,200  bushels  of  grain,  119  tons  of 
hay,  651,000  feet  of  lumber,  20  flour  and  sawmills  and 
on  16,117  head  of  stock,  which  included  4,040  hogs. 
The  wheels  of  progress  were  turning  with  tireless  en- 
ergy and  the  future  held  every  promise  of  speedy  re- 
turn to  the  conditions  of  1891  and  1892. 

In  December,  1901,  the  Moscow  Business  Men's 
Association  began  the  agitation  of  the  proposition  to 
construct  and  operate  the  Moscow  &  Eastern  Rail- 
road from  Moscow  to  the  white  pine  timber  region  in 
eastern  Latah  county  and  in  Shoshone  county.  The 
road  was  promoted  in  1898.  Preliminary  surveys  were 
made  and  considerable  right  of  way  granted,  but  for 
some  unknown  cause  operations  ceased  in  the  winter 
of  1898  and  since  that  time  no  work  has  been  done  on 
the  line.  Such  a  road  would  prove  of  great  advantage 
to  this  section,  particularly  if  pushed  through  the 
mountains,  making  connections  with  eastern  lines.  The 
immediate  object  is,  however,  to  furnish  an  outlet  for 
the  v/hite  pine  and  other  saw  timber,  of  which  there  is 
an  almost  inexhaustible  supply  that  the  road  would 
make  directly  tributary  to  Moscow.  The  officers  of 
the  road  were  George  Creighton,  president;  Thomas 
Grice,  vice  president ;  C.  O.  Brown,  general  manager ; 
R.  V.  Cozier,  legal  adviser;  and.F.  A.  Gilbert,  treas- 
urer. The  first  survey  was  run  from  Moscow  forty 
miles  east  to  what  is  known  as  Warren's  meadows, 
near  Collins,  on  the  Potlatch  river.  Later  a  branch 
was  surveyed  from  Warren's  meadows  down  the  Pot- 
latch  to  its  forks,  thence  up  the  east  fork  to  the  mouth 


of  Ruby  creek,  thence  up  Ruby  creek  and  over  the  di- 
vide into  Elk  Creek  basin,  fifty-five  miles  from  Mos 
cow.  The  construction  of  the'  road  would  mean  the 
erection  of  sawmills  here  at  its  junction  with  the  two 
roads  now  converging  at  this  point.  This  is  a  work  of 
great  importance  that  in  all  probability  will  be  pushed 
to  completion  in  the  near  future. 

When  war  was  declared  against  Spain  in  the  spring 
of  1898  there  was  an  unusual  expression  of  patriotism 
and  loyalty  by  the  citizens  of  Latah  county.  A  com- 
pany of  Idaho  National  Guards  existed  at  Genesee  and 
at  the  State  University  at  Moscow  was  a  company  of 
cadets.  When  the  call  for  Idaho  troops  was  made  in 
April  by  President  McKinley,  both  companies  ten- 
dered their  services  to  the  governor  and  were  accepted. 
That  the  reader  may  appreciate  the  true  spirit  of  the 
Latah  county  volunteers  and  know  the  full  history  of 
their  enlistment  and  service,  we  reproduce  here  the 
story  of  the  University  company,  written  by  one  of  the 
cadets,  and  that  of  the  Genesee  company,  written  for 
the  North  Idaho  Star : 

It  is  difficult  to  determine  just  what  it  is  that  impels  men 
to  go  to  war.  Whatever  it  be  that  inspires  men  with  courage 
to  face  hardship,  privation,  death  if  need  be,  appeals  to  the 
higher  self— the  noblest  characteristics  a  man  possesses.  War 
times,  if  they  be  not  times  that  try  men's  souls,  are  certainly 

they  are  the  times  that  make  men  truer,  braver,  nobler.  True 
patriotism  is  a  noble  unreason,  it  accepts  whatever  comes  but 
scorns  to  consider  issues.  When  a  man  volunteers  his  ser- 
vices to  his  country  he  does  not  think  of  the  dangers  he  may 
meet;  or  if  he  does,  he  considers  them  as  possibilities  only. 
He  is  as  invulnerable  as  Achilles.  If  he  should  be  among 
those  left  on  the  held— that  is  well  enough,  too. 

When  the  war  broke  out  in  the  spring  the  boys  in  the 
University  like  the  toys  throughout  the  length  and  breadth 
of  the  land,  were  filled  with  a  desire  to  enlist  in  the  army  for 

blaze  of  excitement,  many  of  the  boys,  impatient  to  see  ser- 
vice, contemplated  enlisting  in  the  regular  army.  The  presi- 
dent's call  in  the  latter  part  of  April,  however,  made  this  un- 
necessary. As  soon  as  it  was  known  that  Idaho  had  been 
called  upon  for  troops,  the  boys  immediately  tendered  their 
services  to  the  governor,  which  offer  was  accepted.  A  meet- 
ing was  called  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  University  com- 
pany, and  when  the  meeting  adjourned,  it  was  found  that 
nearly  every  able  bodied  cadet  was  a  member  of  the  organ- 

A  physical  examination  was  held  to  determine  the  fitness 
of  the  volunteers  for  the  hard  work  they  should  be  required 
to  perform.  .Many  comical  incidents  are  related  of  tricks  re- 
sorted to  by  some  to  pass  the  requirements.  It  is  on  record 

When  the  time  for  examination  arrived  his  weight  recorded 
three  pounds  on  the  safe  side.  When  this  cadet  arrived  in 

The  successful  volunteers  met  at  the  Grand  Army  hall  in 
Moscow  to  enroll  their  names.  Mr.  F.  E.  Cornwall  of  that 
city  had  charge  oi  the  matter  and  enlisted  the  following  uni- 
versity students:  Edward  Smith,  George  A.  Snow,  Charles 

Hagberg,  W.  M.  Rowland.'  J.  E.  Jewell,'  B'.  E.  Burk,  E.  s! 
Mautz,  G.  W.  Kays.  J.  L.  Rams,  C.  Macnab,  W.  E.  Reed,  E. 
P.  Martin,  P.  G.  Craig,  L.  W.  Nixon,  J.  T.  Burk,  E.  I.  Foss, 
R.  B.  McGregor,  P.  Teagur,  S.  P.  Burr,  W.  Taylor,  J.  Gibb, 
O.  L.  Brunzell.  A.  X.  Brunzell.  J.  M.  Herman,  N  C  Sheri- 
dan, W.  S.  McBnde,  E.  E.  Oylear,  F.  M.  Snider,  S.  Corn- 
stock.  L.  Smith,  E.  L.  Barton,  C.  Henry,  W.  Boemeke,  I.  D. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


listed-     J.    R.    Willard,    ].    DePartee,    F.    C.    McFarland,    A. 

duty  came  hut  seldom. 

down  the  main  street  oi  .Moscow  between  rows  of  people  who 
cheered  and  waved  as  long  as  we  were  in  sight.    Flags  floated 

form  part  of  the  expeditionary  forces  to  Manila.     We  arrived 

indicated    that    the    institution    was    well    represented    in    the 
crowds.    At  the  depot  Hon.  R.  V   Cozier  delivered  an  eloquent 
address     At  its  close  he  presented  a  beautiful  flag  which  was 
gracefully  accepted  by  Clement  L.   Herburt  in  behalf  of  the 
company.     Rev.   Mr    Ghormlev  then  uttered  a   fervent   invo- 
cation. '  None  of  those  who  were  present  will  forget  the  scenes 
that  occurred  as  the  cadets  bade  farewell  to  their  relatives  and 
friends  and  filed  into  the  car. 

Mcrritt.        } 

The  history  of  Company  D  and  the  list  of  engage- 
ments in  which  it  took  part,  Written  for  the  North  Idaho 
Star,  is  as  follows  : 

Among  the   many  cities   in   Idaho,   which,   at   the  call    for 

military  discipline  and  we  did  just  about  as  we  pleased. 

This  ^as^  rigid  '<  >',''•!'  im"  'all   the  Moscow  ^ys  s^cTeded^in' 
passing  the  requirements      Several,  however,  who  were  under 
age,  were  rejected  and   returned  to  .Moscow.     Soon  after  this 
examination  we  were  mustered  into  the  service.     About  this 

spirit  seems  to  have  prevailed  'in  it  from  the  commencement. 

Company  "L,''  was  organized  with   ^   nu-mbers  and  the  fol- 
lowing officers: 
Captain,  A.  A.  Havni»ml:  first  lieutenant,  Bert  Winslow  • 
second  lieutenant,  A.  j.  Craig 

begun. 

there  for  the  period  ol  sixteen  days.     With  all  military  corn- 

for,  so  the  proposed  eight-company  regiment  could  not  be  in- 
the  time,  for  we  had  hoped  as  the  representatives  of  the  state 

In  the  summer  of  that   vear    Company  "D."  its  successor, 

ganized,  with  the  following  officers  :' 
Captain,  Charles  H.  Hough:  ist  lieutenant,  J.  L.  Conant  ; 
and  lieutenant,  P.   W.  McRoberts. 

had  long  had  the  reputation  of  being  the  best  drilled  body  in 
the  state.     When  it  was  found  necessary  to  combine  the  cadet 
company  with  the  state  militia  company  of  Genesee  the  Mos- 
cow boys  readily  assented  to  the  new  arrangement,  and  though 

Gage   and   J.    M.    Arrant    were   elected   to   fill    the   respective 
offices  vacated  by  said  appointments. 
The  fourth  year  of  the  company  having  expired  in   1897, 
it  was  reorganized  in  the  winter  of   1898  with  the   following 

^coS^eSiSnTjTSl!^  "rSt  lieUtenant-  W'  E    Gage; 

formed  was  as  follows: 
Captain,   Edw.    Smith,    Moscow;    1st    lieutenant    Wells    E 
Gage,  Genesee;  2nd  lieutenant,  James   K.   Bell,  Genesee;   1st 

At  the  commencement  of  the  war  E.  A.  McKenna,  one  of 
its  members,   was  lieutenant   colonel  of  the  First  regiment  of 

Harris;  2nd  scrgvant.  Ok-  G.   Hagburg;   ird  sergeant,  George 
A.   Snow;   4th    sergeant.    William    Burr;'  ist   corporal,   B.    E. 
Burk;  2nd  corporal,  J.  E.  Jewell;  ,ird  corporal.  E.  S.  Mautz; 
4th  corporal,   J.    B.   Bell;   5th   Corporal,   C.    L.   Herburt;  6th 

the    Philippines   he   was   appointed    In    the   government   to   the 
office  of  captain  in  the  United  States  Volunteer  signal  corps 
At  the  reorganization  at  Boise.  F.   1).  Smith,  of  Moscow, 
was  appointed  captain  of  Company  "L>"  in  the  place  of  Mc- 

Gugatt,    Ganouif.    Griftin.    Hanson.    Harris,    Hagstrom     Hays 
Herburt.  Huber.  Isaacs.  Jacobs.   lohnsnn.   [ottin.   luvenal    Kays' 

drill,   and  had  wondered   if  they  would  be  so  enthusiastic  if 

T,  Morion,  \ixon.  Oyk-ar,   Rains   Rc,-<l.   Richardson,  A.  Rick- 
etts,  T.  Ricketts,  Sheridan.  Simms.  Senter.  F.  Snider,  Seelig. 
D.   Snider,   F.    Smith.    L.    Smith.    Teagur.   Thornton,   Tucker 
Vallet,   Willard,   Wyckoff.   Yager. 

Bidding  adieu    to   relatives  and  townsmen  they   marched 
should  leaT   U" 

us  were  temporarily  outfitted  from  the  stores  of  moth-eaten 

vancmg    crest   of   battle   ended    in    a    Maze    of   glory,   to   the 

some  piece  of  military  insignia.     We  had  no  guns  except  when 
on   guard,   and   these   were   cavalry   guns  that    had   evidently 

HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


>nths  of  April  and  May,  1898,  b 
The  regiment  left  Boise  on  May  i 


"F,"  changed  quarters  to  te       ocp,        aco, 
regimental  quarters  were  maintained  until  July  29. 

From  August  13,  1898,  to  February  5,  1899,  the  regiment 
•did  outpost  duty  at  Ermita.   Paco,   Singalon  and  blockhouses 
i.    Durin     this  time  the  regiment  was  drilled 
e  duty  of  barrack  life. 


the   regiment  on  February  7. 

On  February  7  Companies  "A,"  "C"  and  "B"  took  part  in 
a  scout  expedition  several  miles  in  front  of  San  Pedro  Macati. 

can,  and  on  February  II  and  12  was  engaged  before  Malabon 
and  returned  to  quarters  February  13.  On  February  14  Com- 
panies "D"  and  ''C"  were  ordered  to  San  Pedro  Macati,  and 
on  February  15  took  part  in  a  scout  in  front  of  Guadaloupe. 
"D"  and  "C"  were  engaged  at  Gaudaloupe  February  16,  17 
and  18,  being  under  continuous  fire  for  over  sixty  hours. 

On  February  19  Companies  "A,"  "C,"  "D,"  "E,"  "F,"  and 
"H"  were  moved  to  Gurnbo  Point,  where  they  constructed 
trenches  and  remained  until  June  25,  occupying  different  posi- 
tions on  the  line.  During  this  time  the  regiment  was  exposed 
to  an  irregular  fire  and  took  part  in  several  skirmishes. 

Companies  "B"  and  "G"  were  on  provo  duty  at  San 
Miguel,  Manila,  from  February  13  to  March  19,  when  they 
joined  the  regiment  at  Gumbo  Point. 

On  April  8  Companies  "D,"  "F,"  "C"  and  "A"  and  forty 
picked  sharpshooters  accompanied  Gen.  Lawton  on  the  Laguna 
de  Bay  expedition  and  look  part  in  the  assault  and  capture  of 
Santa  Ana  April  8  and  10  and  engaged  in  skirmishes  at  Pan- 
gastar,,  April  n,  Pangas  April  12,  and  Paete,  April  13. 

On  Tune  25  the  Idaho  regiment  moved  to  the  trenches 
near  San  Pedro  Inacate  and  on  July  12  was  ordered  to  Manila 

Embarked  on  the  U.  S.  A.  T.  Grant,  July  29  and  sailed  by 
way  of  Japan  and  Inland  Sea,  July  31. 

On  the  return  of  the  company  to  Latah  county,  they 
were  given  a  fitting  reception.  There  was  the  wildest 
enthusiasm  over  the  boys  who  had  helped  to  win  for 
the  Idaho  volunteers,  by  fearless  and  patriotic  service, 
a  name  that  was  given  a  place  of  honor  in  the  annals 
of  the  war  department  and  shall  never  perish  from  the 
memories  of  those  who  cheered  them  on  their  de- 
parture and  again  cheered  them  on  their  return. 

About  seven  o'clock  P.  M.,  December  15,  1899,  oc- 
curred one  of  the  worst  railroad  wrecks  in  the  acci- 
dent history  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany. The  scene  of  the  wreck  was  Kendrick,  twenty- 
six  'miles  southeast  of  Moscow.  From  Howell's  sta- 
tion to" Kendrick  and  beyond  that  town  there  is  a  four 
per  cent,  grade,  a  decline  of  four  feet  in  every  one  hun- 
dred. On  the  date  above  mentioned  an  extra  "double- 


header"  train  was  sent  over  the  road  from  Spokane, 
under  charge  of  Conductor  W.  E.  Galbraith,  of  Spo- 
kane ;  Engineers  A.  J.  Ogden  and  A.  E.  Bain ;  Fire- 
men Earl  Bradshaw  and  Mr.  Peterman ;  Brakemen 
Benjamin  Baker,  John  Budge  and  F.  O.  Lemons. 
The  train  consisted  of  eighteen  cars  of  steel  rails,  gross 
weight  of  each  thirty-three  tons,  one  car  of  gas  pipe, 
about  the  same  weight,  and  the  caboose,  twenty  cars 
in  all.  It  was  snowing  and  the  snow  was  melting, 
making  the  tracks  slippery,  and  a  short  distance  out 
of  Troy  the  crew  lost  control  of  the  train.  Conductor 
Galbraith  and  Brakeman  Baker  were  in  the  caboose 
and  when  they  saw  that  the  train  was  entirely  beyond 

pulled  the  coupling  pin  and  cut  the  caboose  from  the 
train  six  or  seven  miles  below  Troy.  The  remainder 
of  the  train  dashed  on  down  the  canyon  at  great  speed 
and  left  the  track,  plunging  into  the  Potlatch  river  at 
the  curve  just  above  the  depot  at  Kendrick.  Here 
locomotives  and  cars  were  piled  up  in  an  indescribable 
mass  and  here  engineers,  firemen  and  brakemen  met 
a  sudden  but  terrible  death,  the  two  members  of  the 
crew  who  were  with  the  caboose  alone  escaping  with 
their  lives.  One  brakeman  was  taken  from  the  debris, 
torn  and  mangled  but  still  alive,  and  removed  to  a 
hotel,  where  he  died  a  few  days  later.  The  bodies  of 
the  remainder  of  the  crew  were  rescued  a  few  hours 
after  the  accident,  with  the  exception  of  that  of  Fire- 
man Bradshaw,  which  was  not  recovered  until  the  22d, 
when  it  was  found  beneath  one  of  the  locomotives. 

There  were  two  inquests  held,  one  on  the  i6th  over 
the  remains  of  those  first  recovered  and  one  on  the 
22d  over  the  remains  of  Earl  Bradshaw.  The  inquests 
were  held  by  Coroner  Samuel  T.  Owings,  of  Mos- 
cow, in  the  city  hall  at  Kendrick.  The  first  jury  was 
composed  of  Charles  Hamlin,  D.  E.  Thames,  W:  O. 
Long.  Lewis  Hunter,  J.  H.  Ellis,  S.  Mellison  and  W. 
G.  Campbell.  This  jury  termed  the  wreck  an  un- 
avoidable accident.  The  Bradshaw  jury  was  composed 
of  L.  L.  Carmean,  Math.  Jacobs,  John  S.  Crocker, 
S.  A.  Kerr,  J.  Kasper,  T.  H.  Powell  and  John  Mark. 
Their  verdict  was  that  the  deceased  came  to  his  death 
through  negligence  on  the  part  of  the  employees  of 
the  railroad  company.  There, has  always  existed  a 
difference  of  opinion  as  to  where  the  responsibility  for 
the  wreck  should  rest.  The  railroad  is  censured  for 
running  such  a  heavy  train  down  so  steep  a  grade  in 
such  weather  as  was  prevailing  and  with  crews  that, 
although  they  had  been  over  the  division  a  few  times 
previously,  were  not  regularly  on  this  branch  and 
therefore  could  not  have  realized  as  fully  as  would  a  . 
regular  crew  the  risks  they  were  facing.  The  com- 
pany discharged  Conductor  Galbraith  and  Brakeman 
Baker,  on  the  grounds  that  had  they  not  cut  off  the  ca- 
boose the  speed  of  the  train  would  not  have  been  so 
great  on  reaching  the  Kendrick  curve  and  would  prob- 
ably have  passed  it  in  safety.  While  a  number  of 
minor  accidents  have  since  occurred  to  freight  trains 
on  this  grade,  this  is  the  only  one  of  great  magnitude 
since  the  building  of  the  road  in  1890. 

The  Prohibition  party  entered   the  political  cam- 
paign of  1898  and  nominated  candidates  for  most  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  county  offices.  A  mass  convention  was  held  at  the 
court  house,  September  i;th.  E.  R.  Headley  was 
chosen  chairman  and  W.  T.  Matthews,  secretary.  At 
the  afternoon  session  the  ticket  was  nominated  as 
follows:  Auditor,  Mrs.  Sarah  O.  Creekmur,  Mos- 
cow ;  sheriff,  Henry  Nelson,  Genesee ;  assessor,  H.  M. 
Asbury,  Moscow ;  school  superintendent,  Mrs.  Cora 
Greenstreet,  Troy;  probate  judge,  William  Perkins, 
Moscow;  treasurer,  Mrs.  M.  Ida  Moody,  Moscow; 
Coroner,  Alexander  A.  Campbell,  Moscow;  sur- 
veyor, George  Campbell,  Moscow;  state  sena- 
tor, Edwin  R.  Headley,  Moscow ;  representa- 
tives, Warren  B.  Carruthers,  N.  Beardsley,  William  P. 
Matthews,  Charles  S.  Puntenney  and  Rev.  Hewey ; 
commissioners,  1st  district,  Herbert  Haskel,  2d  district, 
H.  C.  McFarland,  3d  district,  Charles  Yockey.  Of 
those  nominated,  Henry  Nelson,  for  sheriff,  was  the 
candidate  on  the  Populist  ticket  and  George  Campbell, 
for  surveyor,  was  on  the  same  ticket.  The  nomina- 
tion for  county  attorney  was  left  open  and  a  committee 
appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  at  a  later  day.  Resolutions 
were  adopted  condemning  the  present  license  system 
and  recommending  prohibition  laws  in  county,  state 
and  nation. 

The  Populists  refused  to  fuse  with  the  other  par- 
ties as  they  had  done  in  1896,  but  met  in  convention 
in  July  and  nominated  a  full  ticket.  The  Democratic 
and  Silver  Republican  central  committees  met  June 
9th  and  passed  resolutions  advocating  the  fusion  of 
all  the  silver  forces  and  later  nominated  a  full  fusion 
ticket.  The  officers  of  the  July  Populist  convention 
had  certified  their  ticket  to  the  county  auditor  as  the 
"People's  party  ticket."  The  Democrats  and  Silver 
Republicans  claimed  that  their  fusion  ticket  was  the 
People's  party  ticket  and  insisted  in  so  certifying  it  to 
the  auditor.  As  two  sets  of  candidates  could  not  le- 
gally enter  the  field  under  one  party  name,  the  filing 
could  not  be  allowed.  The  candidates  on  the  Populist 
ticket  were  then  invited  to  resign,  which  they  de- 
clined to  do.  The  law  governing  resignations  from 
tickets  is  as  follows  : 

"Sec.  38.  Whenever  any  person  nominated  for  any 
public  office  as  in  this  act  provided,  shall  at  least 
thirty  days  before  election,  except  in  the  case  of  mu- 
nicipal elections,  in  a  writing  signed  by  him,  and  cer- 
tified to  by  the  registrar  of  the  precinct  where  the  per- 
son nominated  resides,  notify  the  officer  with  whom  the 
certificate  nominating  him  is  by  this  act  required  to 
be  filed,  that  he  declines  such  nomination,  such  nomina- 
tion shall  be  void." 

None  of  these  of  the  July  convention  having  re- 
signed and  the  time  in  which"  they  could  legally  take 
their  names  off  the  ticket  having  expired,  Auditor 
Woodworth  refused  to  take  off  any  of  the  nominees 
and  fill  the  vacancies  with  the  fusion  nominees.  He 
wrote  the  attorney  general  for  advice,  but  not  receiv- 
ing it  in  time,  it  was  finally  decided  that  the  matter 
should  be  submitted  to  Judge  Piper  on  a  writ  of  man- 
date. So  on  Wednesday,  October  I2th,  Auditor 
Woodworth,  with  S.  S.  Denning  for  counsel,  and  Clay 
McNamee  and  Willis  Sweet  for  the  writ,  repaired  to 
Lewiston.  Judge  Piper  granted  a  hearing  that  night 


and  with  scarcely  any  deliberation  at  all  ordered  the 
writ  to  issue  in  defiance  of  the  plain  provision  of  the 
statute  quoted  above.  The  result  of  Judge  Piper's  de- 
cision was  that  the  fusion  names  go  upon  the  Populist 
ticket.  The  ticket  known  in  the  campaign  as  the  Fu- 
sion ticket  was  as  follows  : 

For  count)  attorney,  Clay  McNamee,  Moscow; 
state  senator,  Frank  C.  McLean;  representatives,  Lin- 
dol  Smith,  Moscow,  George  W.  Coutts,  Kendrick, 
Manford  W.  Harland,  Kendrick,  David  Spurbeck, 
Genesee,  and  William  J.  Seat,  Troy;  clerk  and  auditor, 
William  H.  Clark,  Moscow;  commissioners,  1st  dis- 
trict, Alexander  A.  Anderson,  Palouse  precinct,  2d 
district,  Orton  W.  Beardsley,  Moscow,  3d  district, 
Nicholas  Brocke,  Troy;  sheriff,  James  D.  Hunter, 
Moscow  ;  treasurer,  Frank  E.  Cornwall,  Moscow ;  pro- 
bate judge,  Ralph  T.  Morgan,  Moscow;  superintendent 
of  schools,  Miss  Effie  E.  Plummer,  Kendrick;  asses- 
sor, John  F.  Brown ;  coroner,  Adolph  F.  Wohlenberg, 
Genesee ;  suveyor,  Daniel  W.  Hannah,  Moscow. 

The  Republican  convention  was  held  at  Moscow, 
September  6th,  Judge  Truitt,  chairman,  and  Dr.  Pem- 
berton,  of  Kendrick,  secretary.  After  passing  reso- 
lutions endorsing  the  administration  of  President  Mc- 
Kinley  and  pledging  the  party  to  the  support  of  the 
Republican  national  doctrines  and  a  wise  administra- 
tion of  county  affairs,  the  convention  nominated  the 
following  ticket :  County  attorney,  Harvey  R.  Smith, 
Moscow ;  representatives,  Burton  L.  French,  Juliaetta, 
Charles  J.  Munson,  Moscow,  Robert  Bruce,  Palouse 

Brecinct,  Adrian  Nelson,  Moscow,  and  George  W. 
aggett,  Genesee;  clerk  and  auditor,  Oscar  Larson, 
Troy;  commissioners,  ist  district,  John  H.  Horton, 
Palouse  precinct,  2d  district,  Hans  C.  J.  Tweedt,  Gen- 
esee, 3d  district.  A.  H.  Charles,  Troy ;  sheriff,  William 
Buchanan,  Cornwall;  treasurer,  Elmina  E.  Fry,  Mos- 
cow; probate  judge,  J.  R.  Strong,  Cora;  superintend- 
ent of  schools,  Mattie  Heading,  Moscow ;  assessor,  A. 
Gammell,  Juliaetta ;  coroner,  James  Johnson,  Moscow ; 
surveyor,  Theodore  P.  Caulkins,  White  Pine.  Congres- 
sional, state  and  judicial  candidates  were  as  follows: 
Congressman,  Edgar  Wilson,  Democrat,  James  Gunn, 
People's  party,  Weldon  B.  Heyburn,  Republican,  Will- 
iam J.  Boone,  Prohibition ;  governor,  Frank  Steunen- 
berg,  Fusion,  James  H.  Anderson,  People's  party,  Al- 
bert B.  Moss,  Republican.  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Johnson,  Pro- 
hibition:  judge  second  judicial  district,  Frank  L. 
Moore  Democrat,  Willis  Sweet,  Silver  Republican, 
Edgar  C.  Steele.  Republican. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  votes  cast  at  the 
election,  November  8th:  For  congressman,  Wilson 
870,  Gunn  628,  Heyburn  1,599,  Boone  198,  Heyburn's 
plurality  729 ;  governor,  Steunenberg  869,  Anderson 
565,  Moss  1,696,  Mrs.  Johnson  229,  Moss's  plurality 
817;  judge  second  judicial  district,  Moore  869,  Sweet 
886,  Steele  1,422.  Steele's  plurality  536;  county  at- 
torney, McNamee  1,421,  Smith  1,811,  Smith's  ma- 
jority 390;  state  senator,  McLean  1,315,  Brigham 
1,528,  Headley  320,  Brigham's  plurality  213;  repre- 
sentatives, Smith  1,456,  Coutts  1,377,  Harland  1,427, 
Spurbeck  1,372.  Seat  1,321,  French  1,879,  Munson 
1,538,  Bruce'  1.347.  Nelson  1.508.  Daggett  1,518,  Car- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ruthers  209,  Beardsley  250,  Puntenney  282,  Matthews 
268,  Towne  269,  French's  plurality  423,  Munson's 
plurality  91,  Bruce's  plurality  20,  Nelson's  plurality  61, 
Daggett's  plurality  71  ;  clerk  and  auditor,  Clarke  1,385, 
Larson,  1,743..  Mrs.  Creekmur  215,  Larson's  majority 
57;  commissioners,  1st  district,  Anderson  1,366,  Hor- 
tcn  1,552,  Haskell  225,  Morton's  plurality  186,  2d  dis- 
trict, Beardsley  1,459,  Tweeclt  1,520,  McFarland  238, 
Tweedt's  plurality  61,  3d  district,  Brockel  404,  Charles 
1,552,  Yockey,  1,512,  Charles'  plurality  148;  sheriff, 
Hunter  1,353,  Nelson  533,  Buchanan  1,539.  Buchanan's 
plurality  186:  treasurer,  Cornwall  1,394.  Fry  1,769, 
Moody  176,  Fry's  majority  199;  probate  judge,  Mor- 
gan i',i35,  Strong  1,410,  Perkins  705,  Strong's  plur- 
ality 75;  school  superintendent,  Miss  Plummer  1,314, 
Miss  Headington  1,989,  Miss  Headington's  majority 
675;  assessor,  Brown  1,384,  Gammell  1,587.  Asbury 
270,  Gammell's  plurality  203 ;  coroner,  Wohlenberg 
1,276,  Johnson  1,633,  Campbell  254,  Johnson's  ma- 
jority 103;  surveyor,  Hannah  1,409,  Caulkins  1,464, 
Campbell  1,326,  Caulkins'  plurality  55- 

By  an  amendment  to  the  school  laws  the  offices  of 
probate  judge  and  superintendent  of  schools  were  sep- 
arated and  at  this  election  the  first  regular  county  su- 
perintendent of  schools  was  elected  in  the  person  of 
Miss  Mattie  Headington.  The  election  was  a  decided 
victory  for  the  Republicans,  showing  that  many  had 
already  left  the  ranks  of  the  free  silver  advocates  and 
had  returned  to  former  party  affiliations. 

According  to  the  census  of  1900  Latah  county  had 
a  population  of  13,451.  The  total  valuation  of  prop- 
erty m  1899  was  $4,011,387;  this  was  reduced  in  1900 
to  $3,810, [20.  The  thirty-six  miles  of  railroad  in  the 
county  were  assessed  on  a  total  valuation  of  $233,625  ; 
113  miles  of  telegraph  and  telephone  lines  were  as- 
sessed at  $5,574;  grain  and  hay  at  $2,452;  live  stock 
at  $221,698  ;  lumber,  saw  logs,  wood  and  ties  at  $8,852  ; 
and  twenty-seven  flour  and  sawmills  at  $19,285.  In- 
dustrial enterprises  enjoyed  a  season  of  prosperity, 
crops  were  good  and  prices  fair,  and  the  county  had 
by  this  time  recovered  almost  entirely  from  the  dis- 
aster of  the  early  'ninties.  A  combination  of  warm 
weather  and  Chinook  winds  early  in  March  precipi- 
tated the  snows  in  the  mountains,  causing  a  sudden 
rise  in  the  Potlatch  and  other  streams  in  the  southeast- 
ern part  of  the  county  and  resulted  in  the  loss  of  a  few- 
bridges,  some  damage  to  mills  and  dams,  and  con- 
siderable damage  to  the  road  bed  and  tracks  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  both  above  and  below  Ken- 
drick.  A  large  force  of  men  were  set  at  work  in  the 
canyon  and  the  grade  was  raised  above  high  water 
mark,  since  which  time  no  flood  disasters  have  been 
experienced. 

Every  year  has  witnessed  an  increase  in  the  atten- 
tion given"  to  educational  matters.  The  annual  meet- 
ings of  the  teachers'  association  have  been  events  in 
which  all  classes  have  manifested  special  attention.  On 
April  7,  1900,  a  convention  was  held  at  Kendrick  for 
the  purpose  of  discussing  educational  affairs.  At  this 
convention  papers  were  read  by  professors  from  the 
State  University  and  from  the  high  schools  of  the 
county,  as  well  as  from  teachers  in  the  district  schools. 


By  the  discussion  and  comparison  of  methods,  ines- 
timable good  has  been  accomplished  and  the  schools 
of  the  county  have  been  raised  to  a  standard  of  perfec- 
tion unsurpassed  by  those  of  any  other  county  in  the 
state.  The  enrollment  for  1900  'was  5,290  pupils,  for 
whose  instruction  139  teachers  were  employed  at  a 
cost  to  the  county  of  $26,540.  In  the  libraries  of  vari- 
ous schools  there  were  1,000  volumes.  The  bonded 
district  indebtedness  was'  $41,625,  on  which  interest 
was  paid  to  the  amount  of  $9,275.  The  total  expendi- 
ture for  school  purposes  this  year  was  $46,848. 

The  history  of  the  rise  and  fall  of  Populism  in 
Latah  county  covers  the  years  1892  to  1900,  inclusive. 
The  following  in  1900  was  comparatively  small,  how- 
ever, and  in  the  selection  of  candidates  by  the  fusion 
conventions  the  Populists  had  but  little  voice.  There 
was  in' the  political  campaign  of  1900  a  Fusion  ticket, 
a  Republican  and  a  Prohibition  ticket.  The  remnants 
of  the  Silver  party  and  that  of  the  Populists  joined 
forces  with  the  Democrats  and  placed  a  full  ticket  in 
the  field.  The  election  resulted  in  a  victory  for  the 
Republicans,  although  not  complete,  as  the  Fusion- 
ists  elected  state  senator,  three  representatives,  county 
attorney,  commissioners  in  the  first  and  second  dis- 
tricts, and  surveyor.  The  Republicans  elected  two  rep- 
resentatives, commissioner  in  the  third  district,  sher- 
iff, treasurer,  probate  judge,  school  superintendent, 
assessor  and  coroner.  The  following  are  the  names  of 
those  who  appeared  on  the  Fusion  party  ticket :  State 
senator,  Frank  L.  Moore,  Moscow:  representatives, 
Anderson  B.  Crawford,  Little  Potlatch,  John  F.  Og- 
den,  Troy,  William  Hunter,  Moscow,  Henry  H.  Bangs, 
Thorn  creek,  Porter  D.  Sardam,  Palouse  precinct; 
county  attorney,  George  W.  Coutts,  Kendrick;  com- 
missioners, ist  district,  Landon  C.  Irvine,  2d  district, 
Orton  W.  Beardsley,  Moscow,  3d  district,  Frank  Ben- 
scotter.  Bear  creek;  sheriff,  Michael  Driscoll,  Amer- 
ican ridge;  treasurer,  Levi  T.  Hammond,  Moscow; 
probate  judge,  William  T.  Griffin,  Moscow;  school  su- 
perintendent. Effie  E.  Plummer;  assessor,  William  R. 
Belvail ;  coroner,  Peter  S.  Beck ;  surveyor,  Daniel  W. 

The  following  were  the  nominees  of  the  Prohibi- 
tion partv:  State  senator,  Charles  E.  Gibson,  Mos- 
cow; representatives,  Jennie  G.  Headley,  Moscow, 
James  W.  Carrick,  American  ridge,  Ernest  Thorn- 
quest,  Mansfield,  C.  McGrew,  Kendrick,  Ida  Moody, 
Moscow;  commissioners,  ist  district,  Andrew  Smith, 
Palouse  precinct,  2d  district,  Wylie  A.  Lauder,  Mos- 
cow, 3d  district,  Charles  W.  Yockey,  Little  Potlatch; 
sheriff,  Henry  M.  Asbury,  Moscow ;'  treasurer,  Ella  T. 
Anderson,  Moscow ;  probate  judge,  Henry  C.  McFar- 
land, Moscow;  school  superintendent,  John  J.  An- 
thony, Moscow;  assessor,  Colden  B.  Sanders;  cor- 
oner.' William  E.  Talbott ;  surveyor,  Gilbert  Hogue, 
Moscow. 

The  Republicans  convened  September  5th  and 
placed  the  following  candidates  in  the  field:  State 
senator,  William  C.  Fowler,  Genesee ;  representatives, 
Burton  L.  French,  Juliaetta.  Charles  J.  Munson,  Mos- 
cow, Thomas  H.  Brewer,  Genesee,  D.  W.  Driskel, 
Moscow,  C.  L.  Kinman,  Palouse  precinct;  county  at- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


603 


torney,  Harvey  R.  Smith,  Moscow  ;  commissioners,  ist 
district,  John'  H.  Horton,  Palouse  precinct,  2cl  dis- 
trict, Hans  C.  T-  Tweedt.  Genesee,  3d  district,  A.  H. 
Charles,  Troy;  sheriff,  Joseph  R.  Collins,  Juliaetta  ; 
treasurer.  Elmina  E.  Fry,  Moscow;  probate  judge, 
J.  R.  Strong,  Cora;  school  superintendent,  Hattie 
Headington,  Moscow:  assessor,  B.  J.  Jones,  Palouse 
precinct;  coroner.  L.  D.  Jameson,  Moscow;  surveyor, 
Benjamin  E.  Bush,  Moscow. 

Congressional  and  state  candidates  were  as  fol- 
lows:  Congressman,  John  T.  Morrison,  Republican, 
Thomas  L.  Glenn,  Fusionist,  John  F.  Stark,  Populist, 
Amanda  M.  Way,  Prohibitionist  ;  governor,  Drew  W. 
Standrod,  Republican,  Frank  W.  Hunt,  Fusionist, 
John  S.  Randolph,  Populist,  William  J.  Boone,  Pro- 
hibitionist. 

The  offiicial  account  of  the  election,  which  occurred 
November  6th,  was  as  follows:  Representative  in 
congress,  Morrison  1,996,  Glenn  1,920,  Stark  34,  Miss 
Way  145,  Morrison's  plurality  in  Latah  county  76; 
governor,  Standrod  1,981,  Hunt  1,934,  Randolph  56, 
Boone  158,  Standrod's  plurality  47;  state  senator, 
Fowler  1,920,  Moore  2,049,  Gibson  154,  Moore's  plur- 
ality 129;  representatives,  French  2,112,  Munson  1,977. 
Brewer  1,864,  Driskel  1,952,  Kinman  1,885,  Crawford 
1,879,  Ogden  1,938,  Hunter  2,113,  Bangs,  1.962,  Sar- 
dam  1,934,  Miss  Headley  144,  Carrick  141,  Thorn- 
quest  140,  McGrew  143,  Miss  Moody  146,  French's 
majority  89,  Munson's  plurality  39,  Hunter's  major- 
ity logj  Bangs's  plurality  10,  Sardam's  plurality  49; 
attorney,  Smith  1,944,  Coutts  2,091,  Coutts'  majority 
147;  commissioners,  1st  district,  Horton  1,935,  Irvine 
1,948,  Smith  160,  Irvine's  plurality  13,  2d  district, 
Tweedt  1,870,  Beardsley  2,059,  Lauder  157,  Beards- 
ley's  majority  32,  3d  district.  Charles  1,972,  Benscot- 
ter  1,936,  Yockey  148,  Charles's  plurality  36;  sheriff, 
Collins  2,024,  Driscoll  1,970,  Asbury  158,  Wild  Davie 
5,  Collins's  plurality  55;  treasurer,  Fry  2,178,  Ham- 
mond 1,825.  Anderson  123,  Miss  Fry's  majority  230; 
probate  judge,  Strong  2,112,  Griffin  1,809,  McFarland 
141,  Strong's  majority  162;  school  superintendent, 
Headington  2,147,  Plummer  1,887,  Anthony  115,  Miss 
Headington's  majority  145  :  assessor,  Jones  2,036,  Bel- 
vail  1,916,  Sanders  138,  Jones's  plurality  120;  cor- 
oner, Jameson  1,962,  Beck  1,933,  Talboot  134,  Jam- 
eson's plurality  29;  surveyor,  Bush  1,906,  Hannah 
1,994,  Hogue  144,  Hannah's  plurality  88. 

About  nine  o'clock  Sunday  morning,  August  4, 
1901,  Moscow  was  the  scene  of  a  tragedy  fearful  in  its 
conception,  terrible  in  its  execution.  That  it  was  con- 
ceived in  deliberate  thought  by  a  responsible  being, 
however,  cannot  be  confirmed  with  any  degree  of  cer- 
tainty. As  the  perpetrator  of  the  crime  was  not  known 
to  have  cause  for  the  acts  committed  the  most  charita- 
ble view  that  can  be  taken  of  the  matter  is  that  the 

named,  William  Steffen,"  who  lived  with  his  mother 
st  out  of  town,  rode  in  on  horseback  and  meeting 
.  W.  W.  Watkins  on  the  street,  drew  a  revolver 
from  his  pocket  and  shot  him  through  the  body,  killing 
him  almost  instantly.  A  moment  later  Steffen  shot 
George  V.  Creighton  in  the  right  arm,  and  but  a  few 


Si 
r 


moments  afterward,  seriously  wounded  Deputy  Sher- 
iff W.  E.  Cool,  who  was  attempting  to  arrest  him, 
and  who  died  a  few  hours  later  from  the  effects  of  the 
wounds.  Leaving  Cool,  he  rode  on  toward  the  court- 
house. Just  beyond  the  courthouse  square,  Steffen  was 
accosted  by  Sheriff  Joseph  Collins,  who  for  some  rea- 
son permitted  him  to  escape.  A  little  further  on.  Stef- 
fen encountered  Sherman  Mix  and  a  running  fight 
ensued.  Steffen  shooting  at  Mix  four  times,  missing 
him,  while  Mix  took  several  shots  at  Steffen  with  equal 
lack  of  success.  The  last  shot  struck  Steffen 's  horse 
in  the  hind  leg,  breaking  the  bones.  He  then  de- 
serted his  horse  and  ran  to  his  mother's  house,  which 
was  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  The  house  in  which 
he  had  taken  refuge  was  quickly  surrounded,  while 
Sheriff  Collins  went  for  rifles  and  more  men.  Within 
an  hour  there  were  at  least  fifty  men  about  the  place, 
all  armed  with  rifles  and  an  attempt  was  made  to  ad- 
vance in  a  body.  Steffen  then  began  shooting,  the 
bullets  passing  within  close  proximity  to  the  heads 
of  several  of  the  sheriff's  posse.  Although  the  posse 
was  driven  back  to  a  distance  of  four  or  five  hundred 
yards,  Steffen  for  a  time  continued  his  fusilade,  which 
was  replied  to  by  many  of  the  posse  and  it  is  thought 
that  at  least  200  shots  were  fired  into  the  house. 

After  a  time,  no  further  firing  being  observed  from 
the  house,  a  part  of  the  posse  was  formed  into  a 
charging  party  and  the  house  was  rushed.  Steffen's 
dead  body  being  found  in  the  upper  story  lying  on  a 
floor  near  the  window.  It  was  supposed  that,  realiz- 
ing the  hopelessness  of  any  further  attempt  to  escape, 
he  shot  himself  in  the  left  "breast,  the  powder  scorched 
clothing  and  skin,  furnishing  evidence  of  self  destruc- 
tion. At  the  coroner's  inquest  held  on  the  body  of 
Steffen,  evidence  was  found  that  leads  to  the  belief 
that  Steffen  had  intended  to  kill  not  only  Watkins.  but 
also  a  number  of  others.  Written  in  ink  on  the  envel- 
ope on  his  pocket  were  the  names  W.  W.  Watkins, 
George  Langdon,  August  Held  and  E.  E.  Jolly.  On  an- 
other envelope  Steffen  had  written  with  pencil.  "If  the 
inevitable  comes,  I  want  to  rest  in  Pullman."  On 
still  another  envelope  he  had  written  in  large  letters, ' 
"I  didn't  get  the  right  ones  after  all." 

Just  prior  to  the  killing  of  Dr.  Watkins.  Dr.  Francis 
J.  Ledbrook  located  in  Moscow.  He  came  here  the 
first  time  about  a  year  previous  from  Lakefield.  .Minne- 
sota. Shortly  after  his  first  visit  to  Moscow,  he  bought 

time  attending  to  property  interests  there.  He  had 
not  yet  rented  an  office  and  settled  down  to  practice 
his  profession  when  Dr.  Watkins's  tragic  death  oc- 
curred in  August,  1901.  He  then  rented  the  office  that 
had  been  occupied  by  Dr.  Watkins  and  at  once  stepped 
into  his  large  practice,  most  of  which  he  continued  to 
hold.  He  came  highly  recommended  as  a  man  and 
physician,  was  an  active  worker  in  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church  and  rapidly  grew  in  the  public  esteem. 
Persons  who  had  known  him  since  boyhood  said  that 
up  to  the  time  of  his  settling  in  .Moscow  there  had 
been  no  blot  upon  his  name.  On  May  12,  1902,  this 
man  committed  a  crime  that  horrified  and  mystified 
the  community  as  nothing  had  ever  done  before  or  has 


604 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


clont  since.  Although  a  man  of  family,  with  a  devoted 
wife,  he  enticed,  by  deceit  and  misrepresentations,  one 
of  the  most  estimable  young  ladies  of  Moscow,  over 
whom  he  exercised  hypnotic  influence,  to  Orofino, 
where,  on  Monday  morning,  May  I2th,  he  murdered 
her  by  injecting  morphine  into  the  arteries  at  the 
wrists,  supposedly  while  she  was  under  the  influence 
of  his  hypnotic  power.  After  the  commission  of  this 
fearful  crime,  Dr.  Ledbrook  then  died  by  his  own  hand 
and  in  the  same  manner  that  he  had  murdered  his  in- 
nocent victim.  It  will  be  many  long  years  before  the 
citizens  of  Moscow  can  forget  this  appalling  bloody 
murder  that  removed  from  their  midst  so  suddenly  and 
under  such  mysterious  and  unfortunate  circumstances, 
a  hitherto  respected  citizen  and  physician  and  a  much 
loved  and  greatly  esteemed  member  of  the  young  peo- 
ple's religious  and  social  circles. 

We  have  yet  to  record  one  more  fatality  to  a  prom- 
inent physician  of  Moscow,  this  time  and  accidental 
death.  A  few  months  after  the  suicide  of  Dr.  Led- 
brook, Dr.  C.  D.  Parsons  came  to  Moscow  from  Mich- 
igan, settling  here  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  and 
occupying  the  same  down  town  office  that  had  been 
occupied  by  Drs.  Watkins  and  Ledbrook.  In  the 
latter  part  of  May,  1903,  a  party  consisting  of  Dr. 
C.  D.  Parsons,  James  Canham,  G.  A.  Rubedew  and 
others  of  Moscow,  and  Ramsey  Walker,  of  Kendrick, 
went  to  Pierce  City,  and  there  securing  saddle  hor- 
ses, went  one  day's  ride  northeast  of  Pierce  into  the 
timbered  section  for  the  purpose  of  locating  home- 
steads. G.  A.  Rubedew  was  the  locator  in  charge  of 
the  party.  On  an  early  morning,  after  having  se- 
lected a  claim,  Dr.  Parsons,  wishing  to  hasten  back 
to  his  practice  in  Moscow,  left  the  remainder  of  the 
party  and  started  alone  on  the  return  to  Pierce  City. 
When  about  an  hour  out  of  camp  he  was  met  by  a 
pack  train  going  into  the  timber  with  supplies.  When 
hailed  by  the  driver  of  the  train  he  was  apparently 
aroused  from  a  stupor  and  fell  from  his  horse  into  the 
brush  by  the  side  of  the  trail.  When  he  was  picked 
up,  he  was  in  a  dazed  condition,  evidently  not  realiz- 
ing what  was  happening  about  him,  and  a  deep  cut 
above  one  of  the  eyes  showed  that  he  had  met  with  a 
serious  accident  previous  to  meeting  the  pack  train.  It 
developed  later  that  some  time  after  leaving  camp,  and 
before  being  seen  by  the  driver,  he  had  in  some  manner 
been  thrown  from  his  horse  and  in  falling  struck  his 
head  against  a  log  or  stone  and  as  shown  by  the  autopsy 
had  fractured  the  skull  bone  just  above  the  eye.  He 
was  first  taken  back  to  camp  and,  the  following  day, 
the  party  started  with  him  to  Pierce  City,  occupying 
two  days  in  making  the  trip.  Doctors  Carruthers  and 
Gritma'n  of  Moscow  met  him  at  Pierce  City  and  per- 
formed a  surgical  operation  in  an  effort  to  save  his  life. 
It  was  ineffectual,  however,  and,  after  suffering  for 
fully  a  week  following  the  date  of  the  accident,  the 
doctor  died  at  Pierce  City. 

By  the  year  1902  the  days  of  fusion  in  political  mat- 
ters were  over.  The  two  old  parties  had  absorbed  the 
advocates  of  the  "new  issues"  of  the  'nineties  and  were 
back  in  the  tracks  they  had  traveled  "since  the  war," 
each  of  course  expressing  platform  opinions  on  the  is- 


sues of  later  days  that  resulted  from  the  breach  with 
Spain  in  1898,  as  well  as  on  the  tariff  and  currency 
questions.  While  there  was  a  Populist  candidate 
for  governor  this  year,  the  county  organization  of 
that  party  had  been  abandoned  and  there  was  no  i 
Populist  ticket  in  the  field.  During  the  years  1899 
and  1900  the  Socialists  had  been  agitating  the  question 
of  organization  and  in  1902  they  were  to  place  a 
ticket  in  the  field,  which  they  did. 

Their  candidates  for  the  various  offices  were  as 
follows  :  State  senator,  Peter  S.  Beck ;  representatives, 
Samuel  R.  Greenwood,  Bear  creek ;  Aage  M.  Hoidale, 
Troy;  Alexander  A.  Anderson;  clerk  and  auditor, 
William  Perkins,  Moscow ;  sheriff,  Amon  K.  Biddison, 
Juliaetta:  treasurer,  Belle  Anderson,  Moscow;  assess- 
or, Sylvester  G.  Curtis.  Moscow;  probate  judge,  Will- 
iam W.  Witham,  Moscow;  school  superintendent, 
Anna  Clyde,  Moscow ;  coroner,  Thomas  J.  Bray,  Troy; 
surveyor,  Evelyn  H.  Swan,  Moscow;  commissioners, 
ist  district,  Porter  D.  Sardam,  2d  district,  George 
Sievers,  3d  district,  Peter  Mattson,  Troy. 

Democratic  nominees  were:  State  senator,  Will- 
iam Hunter,  Moscow;  representatives,  Henry  H. 
Bangs.  Thorn  creek.  David  Spurbeck,  Genesee,  Will- 
iam W.  Young,  Palous  precinct;  clerk  and  auditor, 
Samuel  R.  H.  McGowan,  Moscow ;  sheriff,  James  K. 
Keane.  Genesee;  treasurer,  Anna  Tierney ;  assessor, 
Robert  G.  Plunket.  Troy;  probate  judge,  Manford  W. 
Harland.  Kendrick;  school  superintendent,  Emma 
Maude  Mix,  Moscow;  county  attorney,  George  W. 
Courts,  Kendrick ;  coroner,  William  P.  Lumpkin,  Mos- 
cow ;  surveyor,  Daniel  W.  Hannah,  Moscow ;  commis- 
sioners, ist  district,  Albert  E.  Daily,  Palouse  precinct; 
2d  district.  Peter  Hagan,  Thorn  creek;  3d  district, 
Albert  C.  White,  Kendrick. 

Candidates  of  the  Republican  party  were  as  fol- 
lows :  State  senator,  J.  W.  Brigham,  Little  Potlatch ; 
representatives,  Francis  Jenkins,  Moscow,  Richard 
Price,  Princeton,  James  A.  Nelson,  Bear  creek ;  clerk 
and  auditor,  Axel  P.  Ramstedt,  Moscow;  sheriff, 
Jesse  E.  Randall;  Little  Potlach;  treasurer,  Pauline 
Mperder,  Moscow;  assessor,  James  Langdon,  Ken- 
drick: probate  judge,  Charles  M.  Lukins,  Kendrick; 
school  superintendent,  Clara  Ransom,  Moscow;  coun- 
ty attorney,  William  P.  Stillinger,  Moscow;  coroner, 
L.  D.  Jameson,  Moscow ;  surveyor,  Benjamin  E.  Bush,- 
Moscow;  commissioners,  ist  district,  George  W.  An- 
derson, Palouse  precinct,  2d  district,  Rees  Pickering, 
Genesee;  3d  district,  LaFayette  Keene,  Kendrick. 

State,  congressional  and  judicial  candidates  of  the 
various  parties  were  as  follows :  Congress,  Burton  L. 
French,  Republican,  Joseph  H.  Hutchinson,  Democrat, 
John  A.  Davis,  Socialist,  Albert  H.  Lee,  Prohibition- 
ist; governor,  John  P.  Morrison,  Republican,  Frank 
W.  Hunt,  Democrat,  Augustus  M.  Slattery,  Socialist, 
DeForrest  H.  Andrews,  Populist,  Albert  Gipson,  Pro- 
hibitionist; judge  second  judicial  district,  Edgar  C. 
Steele,  Republican,  Moscow,  Wallace  N.  Scales, 
Grangeville,  Democrat. 

Following  is  the  official  record  of  the  election  oc- 
curring November  4,  1902,  at  which  time  the  Repub- 
licans were  victorious,  but  one  office,  that  of  sheriff, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


605 


being  held  by  a  Democrat:  Representative  in  con- 
gress, French  2,423,  Hutchinson  1,183,  Davis  218, 
Lee  59,  Frenchs'  majority  in  Latah  county,  963;  gov- 
ernor, Morrison  2,168,  Hunt  1,364,  Slattery  217,  An- 
drews 10,  Gipson  76,  Morrison's  majority  in  Latah 
county,  501 ;  judge  second  judicial  district,  Steele 
2,550,"  Scales  1,036,  Steele's  majority  in  Latah  county, 
1,514;  state  senator  Brigham  2,024,  Hunter  1,558, 
Beck  217,  Brigham's  majority,  248;  representative, 
Jenkins  2,076,  Price  2,029,  Nelson  2,089,  Bangs 
1,417,  Spurbeck,  1394,  Young  1,362,  Greenwood  223, 
Hoidale  231,  Anderson  222,  lenkin's  majority,  436: 
Price's  majority,  404;  Nelson's  majority,  405; 
clerk  and  auditor,  Ramstedt  2,138,  McGowan  1,428, 
Perkins  229,  Ramstedt's  majority,  481 ;  sheriff,  Ran- 
dall 1,732,  Keane  1,868,  Biddison  163,  Poyeson  (In- 
dependent) 21,  Keane's  plurality,  136;  treasurer, 
Moerder  2,177,  Tierney  1,387,  Anderson  224,  Miss 
Moerder 's  majority,  566;  assessor,  Langdon  2,092, 
Plunkett  1,371,  Curtis  243,  Langdon's  majority  478; 
probate  judge,  Lukins  2,003,  Harland  1,458,  Witham 
227,  Lukins'  majority,  318;  school  superintendent, 
Ransom  2,189,  Mix  l',3&>,  Clyde  220,  Miss  Ransom's 
majority,  589;  county  attorney,  Stillinger  2,216, 
Coutts  1,404,  Stilinger's  majority,  812;  coroner, 
Jameson  2,113,  Lumpkins  1,367,  Bray  228,  Jameson's 
majority,  518;  surveyor,  Bush  2,062,  Hannah  1,440, 
Swan  219,  Bush's  majority  403;  commissioners,  first 
district,  Anderson  2,025,  Daly  1,428,  Sardam  220,  An- 
derson's majority,  377;  second  district,  Pickering 
2,035,  Hagan  1,388,  Sievers  226,  Pickering's  major- 
ity, 421 ;  third  district,  Keene  1,915,  White  1,498,  Matt- 
son  257,  Keene's  majority,  160. 

In-  closing  this  chapter  it  is  a  pleasure  to  state 
that  a  more  prosperous  condition  than  that  now  en- 
joyed by  the  citizens  of  Latah  county  could  scarcely 
be  anticipated  if  desired.  Public  spirited  capitalists, 
business  and  profesional  men  have  planned  for  the 
future  advancement  of  the  general  interest  of  the 
people.  There  are  railroad  schemes  and  factory  plans 
and  mill  projects  that  promise  consummation  and  that 
will  add  to  the  wealth,  comfort  and  happiness  of  the 
citizens  when  perfected  and  put  into  execution.  But 
all  are  to  be  congratulated  on  the  present  propitious 
state  of  affairs  in  the  commercial,  industrial,  rural 
and  educational  pursuits.  There  are  416,469  acres  of 
land  now  patented  in  the  county,  the  greater  por- 
tion of  which  is  under  cultivation.  There  are  up- 
wards of  25,000  head  of  livestock  being  fed  or  grazed 
in  the  county.  There  are  twenty-six  flour  and  saw- 


mills in  operation.  The  total  valuation  of  property 
is  now  $4,238,845.  County  Auditor  Ramstedt  reports 
that  during  the  first  quarter  of  the  present  year  end- 
ing April  nth,  there  were  received  for  record  in  his 
office  over  one  thousand  instruments,  the  auditor's  of- 
fice receiving  in  fees  $1,415.  During  the  fiscal  year 
ending  April  nth,  warrants  were  issued  aggregating 
$120,080.  Warrants  were  redeemed  during  the  same 
time  to  the  amount  of  $107,003.  At  the  end  of  the 
year  there  was  cash  on  hand  in  the  treasury  to  the 
amount  of  $30,741.  Of  this  amount,  $25,783  was 
credited  to  the  school  fund.  From  School  Superin- 
tendent's Mattie  Headington's  annual  report  for  the 
year  ending  August  31,  1902,  we  learn  that  the  en- 
rollment this  year  was  4,676  pupils  in  the  schools  of 
the  county.  The  teachers  of  the  county  were  paid 
$32,727 ;  on  school  bonds  and  interest  there  were  paid 
$6,164;  the  total  expenditures  during  the  year  for 
school  purposes  were  $51,410.  Everywhere  we  find 
figures  that  represent  progress  and  a  very  great  de- 
gree of  prosperity. 

The  pioneers  of  the  'seventies  in  Genesee  and 
Paradise  valleys  and  in  the  Potlatch  country  can  con- 
template with  pride  the  wonderful  development  of 
this  great  agricultural  and  fruit  raising  county.  They 
did  not  bring  with  them  the  capital  that  built  the  rail- 
roads, the  business  houses,  the  mills,  the  schools  and 
church  edifices  and  the  palatial  homes  of  the  present 
day.  They  brought  with  them  few  of  the  comforts 
and  none  of  the  luxuries  by  which  they  are  now  sur- 
rounded. They  came  to  perform  a  most  difficult  and 
trying  task,  to  open  up  and  make  habitable  a  new  and 
untried  country.  Willis  Sweet  in  addressing  the 
pioneers  of  Latah  county  in  1893  said,  "Every  age, 
every  nation,  every  state  is  the  creation  of  the"  com- 
bined courage,  hope  and  sacrifice  of  its  pioneers." 
The  decade  of  the  'seventies  was  a  period  of  experi- 
ment, fraught  with  dangers  and  fretted  with  poverty 
and  crude  appliances.  But  those  who  came  at  that 
time  had  the  courage  of  the  adventurer  together  with 
the  determination  of  the  builder.  The  prosperity  of 
today  is  based  on  the  work  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
'seventies;  they  contributed  to  the  civilization  of  to- 
day years  of  sacrifice,  years  of  suffering,  years  of  toil ; 
they  gave  the  vigor  and  daring  of  their  youth  and  the 
strength  of  their  manhood  to  the  development  of  this 
magnificent  county  which  20,000  people  now  call 
"Home." 

All  honor  to  the  pioneer. 


CHAPTER  III. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


The  pioneer  is  as  a  rule  not  a  city  finder.      He  is 

and  industry  usually  ignore  his  accommodations  and 
busy  themselves  at  other  points.  Usually  they  rea- 
soned on  conditions  that  changed  with  the  flying  years  ; 
they  could  not  foresee  the  advent  of  railroads  and  the 
distribution  of  products  and  merchandise  along  arbi- 
trary lines  and  to  markets  which  then  did  not  exist. 
In  almost  every  county  in  the  state  may  be  found  rem- 
nants of  towns,  perhaps  but  a  single  ruined  shack, 
about  which  have  centered  at  one  time  the  business 
energy  and  social  life  of  a  pioneer  community.  The 
railroad  eventually  came  through  the  county,  left  the 
village  a  few  miles  to  the  right  or  left,  the  business 
houses  and  the  homes  moved  to  the  railroad,  and  the 
shack  alone  is  left  as  a  reminder  of  the  townsite  pro- 
ject of  the  pioneer. 

The  locators  of  Moscow  must  either  have  been 
wiser  or  more  fortunate  than  the  ordinary  pioneers. 
The  site  was  chosen  after  due  deliberation  and  much 
discussion.  No  railroads  were  pointed  in  this  direction 
and  there  were  no  prospects  of  railroads.  When 
'71  was  in  its  infancy  a  man  in  the  prime  of  life  left 
the  gold  field  of  the  land  of  sun  and  flowers  for  the 
unsettled  plains  of  Idaho  to  make  a  home  and  grow 
up  with  the  country.  Fate  directed  him  from  Lewis- 
ton  and  on  a  dreary,  stormy  day  he  landed  and  located 
in  Paradise  valley,  known  a  little  later  as  "hog  heaven." 
With  logs  hauled  from  the  mountains  on  the  east,  a 
commodious  cabin  was  hastily  erected  for  the  accom- 
modation of  his  family.  Within  sight  of  the  cabin  was 
one  other,  two  miles  up  the  valley  was  another,  and 
iive  miles  down  the  Palouse  was  a  third.  There  were 
no  fences,  no  schoohouses,  no  churches,  no  fields  of 
grain,  no  roads,  nothing  but  the  Indian  trails  that 
wound  over  the  rolling  hills  and  through  the  valleys 
covered  with  bunchgrass  from  a  foot  and  a  half  to  two 
feet  high  that  waved  and  tossed  like  the  sea  in  a  wind. 
Indians  roamed  over  the  country  on  the  wiry  cayuse 
decked  in  primitive  picturesque  fashion,  some  of  them 
friendly  and  sociable,  other  solemn  and  stoical,  resent- 
ing in  look,  if  not  act,  the  coming  of  the  white  settler 
to  their  forage  and  hunting  grounds.  A  short  distance 


down  the  valley  was  their  race  track,  and  at  nearly  \ 
all  times  could  be  seen  their  tepees  or  wickiups 
clusters  or  groups  on  either  side  of  the  valley  at  the 
foot  of  the  hills.  The  prospects  were  not  inviting,  but 
the  heart  of  the  sturdy  pioneer  did  not  fail  him.  He 
had  turned  his  back  on  the  pleasant  environments  of 
youth  and  early  manhood,  not  because  he  did  not  love 
them,  but  because  the  promise  of  better  things  held 
out  to  him  by  the  new  west  had  charmed  him  from 
the  old  haunts  and  made  of  him  at  first  an  argonaut  and 
eventually  a  homeseeker.  He  had  put  his  hand  to  the 
plow  and'  nature  had  so  endowed  him  with  the  ster 
better  qualities  of  the  human  kind  that  there  was  no 
thought  of  turning  back.  It  was  the  typical  honored 
pioneer,  who,  undismayed  by  his  isolated  location,  i 
railroads  in  the  country,  thirty  miles  from  a  post- 
office  and  supply  point,  broke  the  sod  and  made  his 
home  three  miles  east  of  the  site  of  the  present  city 
of  Moscow. 

Asbury  Lieuallen  was  the  first  man  in  the  valley, 
coming  in  the  summer  of  1871.  A  little  later  a  num- 
ber of  families  found  their  way  to  locations  along 
Paradise  creek,  and  by  fall  there  were  several  cabins 
within  sight  of  each  other  a  few  miles  east  of  the 
Moscow  of  today.  Among  these,  beside  Mr.  Liei 
alien,  were  George  W.  Tomer,  L.  Haskens,  Williat 
Ewing,  John  Russell.  Henry  Trimble,  James  Deakin,  - 
Henrv  McGregor.  Thomas  'Tierney,  William  Taylor, 
Noah  Lieuallen.  William  Calbraith,  John  and  Bart 
Niemyer,  James  and  Albert  Howard,  Reuben  Cox, 
O.  P."  H.  Beagle  and  James  Montgomery.  Lewiston 
was  the  nearest  post-office  and  was  reached  over  th 
worst  roads  that  could  be  imagined.  A  detei 
mined  effort  was  made  in  the  summer  of  1872  to  se- 
cure the  establishment  of  a  post-office  in  the  valley. 
About  this  time  A.  Leland,  afterwards  the  publisher  of 
the  Lewiston  Teller,  drove  across  the  country  from 
Lewiston  to  the  Spokane  bridge,  obtaining  signatures 
to  a  petition  praying  for  the  establishment  of  a  mail 
route  between  these  two  points.  In  the  same  summer 
a  post-office  was  established  and  George  W.  Tomer 
was  appointed  postmaster,  but  not  wishing  to  sen 
he  secured  the  appointment  of  V.  Craig  in  his  stead. 
The  office  was  named  Paradise,  or  some  say  Paradise 
City,  and  had  an  official  existence  of  about  three  years. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


During  the  winter  of  1874  and  1875  the  question  of  es- 
tablishing a  store  was  agitated  in  the  settlement.     The 
schoolhouse  built  in  1871  on  the  Haskens  place  was 
[.  used  for  all  public  gatherings  of  the  community,  and 
;    here  the  question  of  location  was  frequently  discussed. 

•  Some    favored   the    Paradise   post-office    location   and 
f  others  a  site  farther  down  the  valley  as  being  more 

central  to  the  homes  of  the  settlers.     On  the  west  side 
I   of  what  is  now  Main  street  the  land  had  been  taken 
as   a    homestead    by    William    Neff.      Mr.    Neff   had 
opened  a  small  stock  of  goods  late  in  1874,  but  he  did 
E    not  attempt  to  supply  the  demands  for  general  mer- 
[    chandise,  and  the  store   was   unsatisfactory.      In   the 
:    spring  of   1875  Asbury  A.   Lieuallen  purchased   Mr. 
.    Neff's  land,  put  up  a  small  store  building  and,  going 
1    to  Walla  Walla,  purchased  a  small  stock  of  general 
merchandise  with  which.,  in  the  latter  part  of  May,  he 
opened  the   pioneer   store  of   Paradise  valley  and  of 
what  is  now  Latah  county.     At  the  time  the  store  was 
established,  or  shortly  afterwards,  the  Paradise  post 
i    office  was  moved  over,  Mr.  Lieuallen  was  appointed 
postmaster  and  changed  the  name  to  Moscow.      The 
[    pioneers  tell  us  that  an  ordinary  shoe  box  was  used 
[    as  the  receptacle  for  the  mail,  and  from  this  box  set- 
tlers helped  themselves  when  coming  to  the  store. 

The  energy  of  man  rightly  applied  can  overcome  all 
i    obstacles   and   make  a   prosperous   community   in   the 
midst  of  a  desert,  or  make  a  barren  waste  blossom 
[    like  a  rose.     When  the  same  energy  is  aided  by  nature 
i    the  result  is  the  same  in  a  much  greater  degree,  for 
man  naturally  is  better  repaid  for  his  labor  through 
|    being  relieved   from   combating   sterile  surroundings, 
and  consequently  finds  more  in  life  to  enjoy.      The 
ever  living  energy  of  man  who  settled  on  bro*ad  acres, 
reclaiming  them  from  the  wilderness,  has  made  thou- 
I    sands  of  homes  and  millions  of  wealth.     Moscow  be- 
F    gan  in.  a  small  way.     Two  wagon  loads  of  merchandise 
constituted   Mr.   Lieuallen's   stock.      But   his    patrons 
:    did  not  have  to  waste  their  energies  in  the  cultivation 
L    of  a  desert,  and  the  rose  bloomed  by  its  own  efforts. 
There   were   difficulties   to   overcome,   but   there    was 
|    energy   to   perform   the   task.       The    Paradise   valley 
settler  was  full  of  energy  and  his  farm  was  phenomen- 
ally   fertile.       The   transformation   of   an    unbounded 
wilderness,  a  vast,  almost  unknown  expanse,  the  abode 
of  savagery,  the  hunting  grounds  of  the  nomads  of 
the  plains  to  happy  homes,  blessed  abundantly  with  the 
fruits  of  honest  toil,   was  rapid,  but  not  without  its 
equivalent  in  the  development  of   Moscow.      In  one 
brief  decade  the  character  of  the  immediate  surround- 
:    ings  was  totally  changed ;  the  tepee  of  the  Indian  was 
swept  away  to  make  room  for  the  business  house,  the 

•  schoolhouse  and  the  church. 

The  Lieuallen  store  and  post-office  had  no  sooner 
been  established  than  Moscow  began  to  grow.  The 
following  from  the  Lewiston  Signal,  issued  August 
8,  1874,  shows  that  conditions  were  improving  stead- 
ily and  prospects  were  bright,  even  at  that  early  date: 

"From  a  gentleman  who  lives  in  Paradise  valley  we 
learn  that  Henry  McGregor,  John  Russell  and  S'.  M. 
Neff  have  donated  thirty  acres  of  land,  one  mile  from 
the  site  of  the  present  post-office  (Paradise)  for  a 


townsite,  and  that  already  there  is  one  store  located 
there  and  other  parties  will  soon  construct  a  number 
of  buildings.  The  inducements  offered  to  business 
men  are  very  flattering  and  cannot  help  attracting 
attention.  The  town  is  to  be  called  Moscow,  and  it 
is  destined  to  be  the  business  place  of  the  valley.  Our 
informant  says  new  settlers  are  constantly  arriving, 
and  he  knows  of  many  more  who  will  come"  within  the 
next  year.  Messrs.  Neff,  Lieuallen,  Russell  and  C. 
A.  Howard  afterward  became  owners  of  the  townsite. 

Building  material  in  the  early  days  was  furnished 
for  a  short  time  in  the  spring  of  1877  by  the  Stewart 
&  Beach  sawmill,  northeast  of  town,  and  later  by  the 
mill  owned  and  operated  by  R.  H.  Barton,  S.  H.  Lang- 
don  and  Hiram  Epperly,  a'lso  northeast  of  town.  Mr. 
Barton  erected  the  first  hotel  in  Moscow,  in  the  spring 
of  1878,  with  lumber  from  this  mill.  In  an  address 
before  the  pioneers  in  June,  1903,  A.  J.  Green  stated 
that  when  he  came  here,  in  1877,  Moscow  was  "just 
a  lane  between  two  farms,  with  a  flax  field  on  one 
side  and  a  post-office  on  the  other."  This  state  of 
affairs  must  have  been  speedily  changed,  as  a  Mos- 
cow correspondent  of  the  Lewiston  Teller,  in  an  issue 
dated  June  14,  1878,  said : 

"As  proof  of  the  fact  that  Moscow  is  fortunately 
situated,  look  at  the  advanced  condition  of  the  town 
within  the  past  five  months.  At  the  beginning  of  that 
time  we  had  only  one  store  and  a  blacksmith  shop; 
now,  in  addition  to  these,  we  have  a  general  merchan- 
dise establishment,  McConnell  &  Company;  also  one 
in  course  of  construction ;  a  hardware  store,  a  liquor 
store,  three  blacksmith  shops,  a  carpenter  shop,  two 
butcher  shops  and  two  hotels,  owned  by  W.  J.  Ham- 
ilton and  Henry  Warmouth." 

In  1880  Moscow  had  a  population  of  300,  business 
had  doubled  within  the  year  and  real  estate  values 
were  high.  N.othing  can  give  the  reader  a  better  idea 
or  more  accurate  information  concerning  the  develop- 
ment period  than  articles  published  in  the  newspaper 
of  the  time,  and  we  will  quote  once  more  a  communi- 
cation dated  Moscow,  May  5,  1881,  and  published  in 
the  Nezperce  News: 

"Moscow  is  nicely  and  advantageously  situated  in 
the  heart  of  Paradise  valley,  on  the  banks  of  Paradise 
creek,  and  one  mile  from  the  south  Palouse.  Above 
and  below  the  town  stretch  the  meadows  that  here 
skirt  the  banks  of  the  two  streams.  The  town  was 
laid  out  four  years  ago  by  A.  Lieuallen  and  John 
Russell ;  it  has  been  growing  ever  since,  it  is  growing 
now  and  will  grow  bigger  with  the  development  of  the 
country.  Its  growth  has  been  mainly  since  last  fall ; 
today  it  numbers  a  population  of  350' souls  and  is  the 
trade  center  for  the  best  portion  of  the  Palouse  coun- 
try. The  town  is  located  two  miles  from  the  bound- 
ary, twenty-five  miles  north  of  Lewiston,  twenty-five 
mi'les  southeast  from  Colfax,  ten  miles  south  of  Pa- 
louse  City  and  about  twenty-seven  miles  from  Wawa- 
wai,  the  shipping  point  for  this  burg.  Quite  an  ex- 
tensive trade  is  centered  here  and  every  branch  of 
trade  and  industry  is  ably  represented.  The  business 
establishment  at  present  comprises  three  general  mer- 
chandise stores,  two  hotels  and  livery  stables,  two 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


butcher  shops,  two  saloons,  two  agricultural  imple- 
ment warehouses,  one  hardware  store,  one  drug  store, 
one  watchmaker  and  jeweler,  two  blacksmith  shops, 
one  physician,  one  dentist,  one  lawyer,  one  steam 
flour  mill,  etc.  McConnell  &  Company  is  the  leading 
firm ;  A.  A.  Lieuallen,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  town 
and  the  first  settler  in  the  valley,  carries  a  full  line 
of  goods  and  is  postmaster,  the  only  Democrat  holding 
such  a  position  in  North  Idaho;  Hayes  &  Dupuy 
opened  a  merchandise  stock  last  November.  The  two 
implement  houses  are  run  by  W.  D.  Robins  and  N.  J. 
Shields.  W.  W.  Langdon  is  the  hardware  man,  and 
also  the  Wells,  Fargo  &  Company  agent.  The  Barton 
House  and  Fry  Hotel  monopolize  the  boarding  busi- 
ness. T.  J.  Craig  runs  the  drug  and  notion  store; 
G.  Weber  carries  a  full  stock  of  saddles,  etc. ;  R.  H. 
Barton  runs  the  feed  stable,  while  J.  S.  Peterson  and 
True  run  the  two  butcher  shops.  Howard  Olsen  has 
his  hands  full  disposing  of  jewelry  and  notions,  while 
Doctor  Reeder.  Doctor  McCully  and  Judge  Kribs  rep- 
resent the  medical  and  legal  professions.  There  are 
more  families  settled  within  a  radius  of  ten  miles  of 
Moscow  than  there  are  in  a  similar  scope  of  country  in 
the  Walla  Walla  valley.  Two  churches  and  four'or- 

rizations  of  different  denominations  are  supported 
the  families  of  Paradise  valley.  Last  year  they 
subscribed  16,500  bushels  of  grain  as  a  bonus  to  M. 
C.  Moore  &  Company  to  build  a  flouring  mill.  This 
enterprise  started  running  November  I5th  of  last  year 
and  has  a  capacity  of  seventy  barrels. 

"Seven  miles  from  town  a  sawmill  is  located  on 
the  South  Palouse  in  a  belt  of  timber  which  extends 
back  northeasterly  into  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains 
for  a  distance  of  TOO  miles.  The  timber  embraces  all 
varieties  of  pine,  cedar,  fir  and  tamarack.  The  mill 
has  a  capacity  of  15,000  feet  a  day  and  is  owned  by 
Northup  &  Company.  Moscow  is  a  lively,  thriving, 
enterprising,  progressive  place,  and  will  take  a  boom 
this  summer.  The  people  are  never  tired  talking  of 
the  Paradise  country  and  they  are  right,  for  if  there 
is  a  better  country  in  the  world  we  have  never  seen  it." 

As  a  matter  of  special  record  we  will  list  the  pi- 
oneers in  the  various  industries  now  so  well  repre- 
sented in  Moscow.  The  first  merchant  was  William 
Neff,  who  sold  to  A.  A.  Lieuallen,  the  latter  being  the 
first  postmaster.  The  first  physician  was  Dr.  H.  B. 
Blake;  the  first  school  teacher,  Noah  Lieuallen,  who 
was  also  the  first  Baptist  minister ;  the  first  mill  in  the 
Palouse  country  was  owned  by  J.  C.  Davenport  and 
built  at  Colfax';  the  first  mill  in  Moscow  was  built  in 
1881  by  M.  C.  Moore  &  Company;  the  postmaster 
at  Paradise  was  D.  Craig;  first  Methodist  minister, 

F.  W.  D.   Mays;  first  blacksmith  shop,  built  by  A. 
Lieuallen   and  leased  by  a  man   named   McDougall; 
first  bank,  by  Baker  &' Clark,  of  Walla  Walla;  first 
contractor,  brick  mason  and  builder,  William  Taylor; 
first  meat  market,  John  Henry  Warmouth ;  first  drug 
store,  S.  G.  Richardson ;  first  saddle  and  harness  shop. 

G.  Weber;  first  dentist,  J.  H.  McCallie;  first  hotel, 
R.  H.  Barton,  who  was  followed  shortly  afterward  in 
this   business   by   J.   H.   Hamilton   and"  Henry   War- 


In  1878  Mr.  Curtis,  of  the  Curtis-Maguire  firm, 
sold  his  interest  in  the  business  to  W.  J.  McConnell, 
afterward  governor  of  Idaho,  who  visited  Moscow  at 
this  time,  becoming  at  once  greatly  impressed  with  the 
richness  of  the  country  and  its  future  possibilitie 
A  store  building  was  erected,  120  feet  deep  with  a  30- 
foot  frontage,  and  stocked  with  $50,000  worth  of 
goods.  This  building  still  stands,  facing  First  street. 
The  people  in  the  surrounding  country  were  greatly 
encouraged  by  the  establishment  of  this  mammoth 
store  and  from  that  time  on  the  town  began  to  grc 
rapidly.  When  this  store  was  opened  Moscow  had  a 
population  of  25.  The  news  of  the  great  store  at 
Moscow  spread  everywhere  and  people  from  all  parts 
of  the  Potlatch  and  Palouse  country  flooded  to  Mos- 
cow to  do  their  trading,  and  it  is  no  exaggeration 
to  say  that  to  no  men  living  in  Moscow  is  the  to\ 
more  indebted  for  its  present  size  and  flourishing  con- 
dition than  to  Ex-Governor  W.  J.  McConnell  and  J. 
H.  Maguire.  Moscow  has  twice  furnished  the  suc- 
cessful candidate  for  governor  of  Idaho,  and  the  first 
United  States  senator  from  Idaho,  Hon.  William  J. 
McConnell,  was  Moscow's  merchant  prince. 

The  story  of  the  Indian  scare  of  1877  and  of  the 
stockade  in  'which  the  settlers  took  refuge  is  told  in 
another  chapter.  Much  interest  has  always  centered 
about  this  fort,  and  many  incidents  are  associated  with 
its  construction  and  occupation  worthy  of  record  in 
the  annals  of  the  time,  but  space  does  not  permit  the 
telling  here.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  state,  that  there  were 
no  tragedies  connected  with  its  history.  G.  W.  Tomer 
says :  "We  fought  the  Indians  to  a  finish  without  the 
loss  of  a  man  or  the  death  of  an  Indian." 

It  is  Seldom  that  a  town  is  more  prosperous  than 
was  Moscow  from  1885  to  1892.  In  1885  the  O.  R. 
&  N.  railroad  came  and  in  1890  the  Northern  Pacific. 
The  period  from  1890  to  1893  will  long  be  remem- 
bered as  the  time  during  which  Moscow  reached  the 
high  water  mark  of  prosperity.  Everybody  made 
money  and  everyone  had  money,  and  the  volume  of 
business  transacted  here  was  enormous.  Among  the 
great  business  enterprises  which  were  rapidly  building 
up  fortunes  for  their  owners  at  that  time  may  be  men- 
tioned the  elegantly  furnished  and  palatial  store  of  the . 
McConnell-Maguire  Company;  the  magnificent  estab- 
lishment of  Dernham  &  Ca'uflann,  carrying  at  that 
time  a  $100,000  stock,  the  largest  amount  of  goods  in 
any  store  in  the  Palouse  or  Potlatch  country ;  the  mam- 
moth business  of  M.  J.  Shields  &  Company,  which 
taxed  to  its  utmost  capacity  their  three-story  brick, 
with  its  1 60- foot  frontage.  This  company  was  also 
the  owner  of  the  electric  light  plant,  which  lighted  the 
city,  the  Moscow  planing  mill  which  gave  employment 
to  fifty  skilled  mechanics,  and  was,  besides,  interested 
in  five  large  grain  warehouses  outside  of  Moscow. 
The  Chicago  Bargain  House  was  an  exclusive  dry 
goods  store,  owned  by  George  W.  Creighton  &  Com- 
pany, who  had  just  moved  into  new  and  commodious 
quarters.  The  plant  of  the  Moscow  Mirror  was  at 
this  time  valued  at  $15,000.  It  gave  employment  to 
fourteen  men  and  had  in  stock  about  three  times  as 
much  printing  material  as  is  now  needed  to  conduct 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


609 


the  paper.  It  was  then  owned  by  Jolly  Brothers, 
Elmer  E.  Jolly  being  the  editor.  Many  other  lesser 
business  houses  and  corporations  were  flourishing, 
and  all  combined  to  make  Moscow  one  of  the  wealthi- 
est cities  of  the  Northwest.  But,  as  it  is  with  indi- 
viduals, so  it  is  with  cities,  a  truism,  that  prosperity 
is  not  a  test  of  stability,  and  it  was  destined  that  Mos- 
cow should  pass  through  the  final  and  crucial  test  of 
adversity,  crop  failures  and  business  depression,  before 
it  could  be  proven  that  the  superstructure  that  had 
been  reared  was  as  solid  and  permanent  as  the  founda- 
tion laid  by  the  pioneers  of  the  'seventies.  In  the 
fall  of  1893  a  long  continued  wet  season  caused  almost 
the  entire  loss  of  the  wheat  crop,  and  to  make  matters 
worse  there  was  a  complete  demoralization  of  prices 
on  all  products.  Wheat  dropped  from  85  cents  to  50 
cents  per  bushel,  then  down  lower  and  lower,  until  it 
seemed  to  be  a  drug  on  the  market.  Debtors  were 
absolutely  unable  to  tneet  their  obligations ;  the  farmer 
had  no  money  to  pay  his  bills,  the  smaller  concerns 
could  not  settle  their  accounts  with  the  wholesale 
houses  and  money  could  not  be  borrowed,  even  though 
gilt-edged  security  was  offered.  A  number  of  the 
Moscow  business  houses  were  driven  to  the  wall,  but 
the  most  far-reaching  failure  of  all  was  that  of  its 
largest  and  most  important  establishment,  the  Mc- 
Connell-Maguire  Company,  of  which  there  is  a  full 
account  in  the  previous  chapter. 

In  1894-5  wheat  was  quoted  in  Moscow  as  low  as 
23  cents  per  bushel,  and  it  seemed  as  though  universal 
bankruptcy  was  inevitable,  but  future  events  proved 
that  the  pendulum  of  adversity  had  reached  the  lowest 
point  of  its  arc  and  was  slowly  but  steadily  swinging 
onward  and  upward  to  better  prices  and  better  times. 
Since  1896  crops  have  been  abundant  and  prices  fair 
and  prosperity  has  returned  in  full  measure.  Along 
all  lines  there  is  now  unusual  activity,  old  debts  have 
been  cancelled,  old  scores  straightened  up,  new  busi- 
ness houses  opened  and  old  ones  have  enlarged  their 
quarters.  Moscow  has  truly  proven  that,  unspoiled  by 
prosperity,  she  can  withstand  the  "slings  and  arrows" 
of  adversity.  Nowhere  in  the  Northwest  can  be  found 
a  more  thriving  city.  It  now  has  a  population  of 
about  5,000.  Its  location  is  favorable  to  its  rapid 
growth  and  development,  having  a  site  that  is  both 
healthy  and  accessible  to  the  surrounding  country. 
The  principal  business  center  is  on  Main  street.  Stand- 
ing at  the  north  end  of  this  principal  street  and  look- 
ing southward,  without  having  a  definite  knowledge  of 
the  population  of  the  city,  one  would  suppose,  judging 
from  the  substantial  brick  business  buildings  in  sight, 
that  it  might  be  a  city  of  ten  or  fifteen  thousand  people. 

Moscow  has  never  suffered  to  any  great  extent 
from  disastrous  fire  and  flood.  In  June,  1890,  a  fire 
causing  the  loss  of  probably  $10,000  visited  the  city, 
occurring  on  the  6th  of  the'  month.  The  fire  started 
in  the  rear  of  Hamlin's  building  at  nine  o'clock, 
P.  M.,  and  destroyed  Hamlin's  hall,  E.  Mather's  bar- 
ber shop,  F.  Yengle's  tailor  shop,  the  butcher  shop  kept 
by  C.  H.  Jones,  the  Morris  building,  occupied  by  the 
telephone  office  and  the  commission  store  occupied  by 
H.  Fallen,  the  photograph  studio  of  H.  Erickson  and 


the  J.  W.  Lieuallen  grocery  stock  and  building.  These 
were  all  frame  buildings  and  a  more  disastrous  spread 
of  the  flames  was  averted  only  by  the  greatest  effort. 
The  water  works  system  now  in  use  had  just  been 
completed  and  to  this  fact  alone  the  salvation  of  the 
business  part  of  the  town  was  due.  The  fire  was 
supposed  to  be  of  incendiary  origin. 

Educational  matters  have  from  the  first  been  given 
special  consideration  by  the  citizens  of  Moscow.  In 
1871  school  district  No.  5  was  organized  in  compliance 
with  a  petition  circulated  by  George  W.  Tomer.  A 
history  of  the  log  school  building  first  erected  in  this 
district  has  been  given  in  another  chapter.  This 
building  was  located  near  the  post-office  of  the  old 
town  of  Paradise.  After  Moscow  was  named  the  first 
building  used  for  school  purposes  was  known  as  Ale- 
Daniels'  Hall.  It  was  built  in  1878  and  was  used  for 
church  gatherings,  schools  and  public  meetings  of  all 
character.  In  1880  John  Russell  donated  a  piece  of 
ground  and  the  first  city  school  building  was  erected 
on  the  site  now  occupie'd  by  the  Russell  school.  It 
was  not  long,  however,  until  the  young  and  growing 
city  found  that  this  building  was  entirely  too  small, 
and  about  the  first  work  of  those  interested  in  the  wel- 
fare of  Moscow  was  the  planning  and  erection  of  a 
public  school  capable  of  accommodating  the  school 
children  then  residents  of  the  village,  making  allow- 
ance also  for  a  constantly  growing  population.  A 
second  building,  accommodating  120  pupils,  was  erect- 
ed in  1883,  on  a  site  in  the  northeast  part  of  town, 
donated  by  Silas  Imbler,  one  of  Moscow's  most  beifi- 
cent  citizens.  •  The  site  was  and  is  centrally  located, 
and  was  admirably  suited  to  the  convenience  of  the 
residents.  In  the  meantime  reports  concerning  the 
richness  of  the  country  and  the  productiveness  of  the 
soil  began  to  go  abroad,  with  the  result  that  the  coun- 
try commenced  to  settle  up  rapidly,  and  Moscow  began 
to"  take  a  leading  place  among  the  cities  of  northern 
Idaho.  In  1889  the  trustees  of  the  public  school  found 
it  necessary  to  secure  additional  accommodations. 
They  immediately  set  to  work,  had  plans  prepared  and 
soon  the  contract  was  let  for  the  erection  of  the  pres- 
ent Russell  school.  The  cost  of  this  structure  was 
$16,000,  and  including  all  furnishings,  the  total  cost 
was  run  up  to  $22,000.  No  pains  were  spared  to 
make  this  not  only  a  commodious  but  a  modern  school 
building.  The  furniture  was  all  of  the  most  modern 
and  approved  patern.  The  interior  of  the  building  was 
so  arranged  that  each  department  could  be  reached 
with  the  least  possible  confusion.  The  different  rooms 
are  so  located  that  each  grade  can  depart  from  the 
building  without  coming  into  contact  with  the  pupils 
from  other  departments.  That  this  has  been  a  suc- 
cessful arrangement  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  the 
entire  school,  numbering  over  400  pupils,  can  vacate 
the  building  in  less  than  thirty  seconds.  Moscow  con- 
tinued to  grow  so  rapidly  that  during  the  seven  months 
of  the  last  school  term"  of  1892  the  board  was  com- 
pelled to  rent  a  church  building  and  to  utilize  it  for  a 
school  in  which  to  place  fifty  pupils.  It  was  supposed 
that  this  state  of  affairs  could  not  continue  longer  than 
the  end  of  the  term,  but  on  the  reassembling  of  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


school  in  the  fall  it  was  found  that  the  same  state  of 
affairs  existed,  making  it  necessary  for  the  trustees 
to  secure  another  temporary  building.  A  room  was 
fitted  up  in  a  building  afterward  occupied  as  a  photo- 
graph gallery  on  Alain  street,  and  was  occupied  dur- 
ing the  winter  of  1893-4  by  one  of  the  grades.  In 
1894  it  was  clearly  seen  that  one  of  two  things  had 
to  be  done,  either  to  overcrowd  the  present  school 
room,  making  it  impossible  for  teachers  to  work  ad- 
vantageously, or  to  purchase  property  and  erect  an- 
other building  to  serve  the  purpose  of  a  high  school. 
They  chose  the  latter  course,  and  having  viewed  vari- 
ous properties  which  were  offered  for  a  site  for  the 
new  building,  they  eventually  purchased  a  tract  of 
land  on  Third  street,  for  which  was  paid  $4,000.  The 
plans  had  already  been  prepared,  and  the  contract  for 
the  building  was  let  for  $20,000,  exclusive  of  furni- 
ture and  heating  apparatus.  The  high  school  build- 
ing is  of  red  brick,  with  stone  foundation.  It  is  fitted 
up  with  the  most  modern  improvements,  both  for  sani- 
tary arrangements  and  ventilation.  The  heating  ap- 
paratus is  of  the  latest  design  and  cost  upwards  of 
83,000.  Although  the  capacity  of  this  school  is  425 
pupils,  the  old  trouble  confronted  the  trustees  before 
the  close  of  the  year  1900.  All  buildings  were  crowd- 
ed to  their  utmost.  The  enrollment  for  1899  was  900. 
To  provide  further  accommodations  for  the  growing 
school  population  the  Irving  school  was  erected  in 
1901  The  school  buildings  now  in  use  in  Moscow- 
are  the  Russell  school,  built  in  1888,  the  high  school, 
built  in  1892.  and  the  Irving  school,  built  in  1901. 
Besides  these  public  school  buildings,  there  is  the  Mos- 
cow Business  College,  under  charge  of  Professor 
William  Perkins :  the  state  preparatory  school  and  the 
University  of  Idaho.  Teachers  thus  far  employed  for 
the  coming  school  year  are  Miss  Clara  Wethered,  Miss 
Amanda  Moerder/Miss  Whittmore,  Miss  Maude  Mix, 
George  Fields,  Miss  Cole,  Mrs.  Clyde,  Mrs.  Marcy, 
Miss  Grant.  Miss  Dixon,  Miss  Ora  Cooper,  Miss  Daisy 
Booth.  Miss  Ranch,  Miss  Whittworth,  Miss  Gillette 
and  Miss  Hammond.  Moscow's  school  history  is  not 
complete  without  mentioning  of  the  Moscow  Academy, 
which  was  opened  November  6,  1883,  with  an  enroll- 
ment of  106  pupils.  The  first  term  was  reasonably 
successful,  but  the  town  was  not  quite  ready  for  a 
school  of  this  grade,  and  after  a  second  term  it  was 
discontinued. 

There  are  nine  church  organziations  in  Moscow. 
The  Baptists  were  organized  in  1876  by  Rev.  Noah 
I.ieuallen.  who  was  followed  in  the  earlier  days  by 
Rev.  S.  E.  Stearns  and  Rev.  D.  W.  C.  Britt.  '  The 
Christians,  organized  in  1883  by  Rev.  D.  B.  Matheny, 
disbanded  in  1885.  This  church  was  reorganized  in 
1888  by  Rev.  William  McDonald  and  a  church  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1891.  The  Swedish  Lutherans 
were  organized  in  1886  by  Rev.  P.  J.  Carlson,  and  a 
house  of  worship  erected  in  1889.  St.  Marks  Episco- 
pal organization  dates  from  1888.  Rev.  Gill  was  the 
first  minister,  and  the  building  now  occupied  was 
erected  in  1892.  In  1882  Father  Teomitie  organized 
the  Roman  Catholics,  who  erected  a  church  building  in 
1886.  In  1888  a  church  building  was  erected  by  the 


Norwegian  Methodists,  who  were  organized  by  Rev. 
Carl  Erickson  in  1886.  The  Presbyterian  church  was 
founded  in  Moscow  in  1880.  The  first  minister  of  this 
denomination  was  Rev.  Paul  Gamble.  He  was  fol- 
lowed in  1883  by  Rev.  H.  H.  McMillan,  during  whose 
pastorate  the  present  church  building  was  erected. 
The  Methodist  Episcopals  were  organized  in  1881  by 
Rev.  Calvin  M.  Bryan.  ,  The  first  Methodist  church 
building  was  erected  in  1883.  This  building  was  torn 
down  and  the  present  building  erected  in  1887.  This 
building  has  proven  too  small  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  growing  congregation,  and  there  is  now  in  prog- 
ress of  erection  a  stone  church  which  will  cost,  when 
completed,  $25,000.  Besides  these,  there  are  organiza- 
tions of  the  Adventists  and  the  Norwegian  Lutheran. 

The  lodges  of  Moscow  are:  Knights  Templar, 
Royal  Arch  Masons,  Masonic  Blue  Lodge;  Eastern 
Star.  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Elks,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Macca- 
bees, M.  W.  A.,  W.  of  W.,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Rebekahs, 
G.  A.  R.,  Artisans,  Foresters  and  Red  Men. 

At  the  head  of  Idaho's  educational  system  stands 
the  State  University,  located  at  Moscow.  The  insti- 
tution is  fortunate  in  that  it  combines  the  work  of  a 
state  university  proper  with  that  of  a  school  of  agri- 
culture and  mechanic  arts.  Hence  it  is  that  the  insti- 
tution has  been  peculiarly  prosperous,  as  its  work  ap- 
peals not  alone  to  the  'classical  student,  but  to  the 
farmer,  the  professional  man  and  the  tradesman.  The 
institution  receives  the  direct  support  of  the  United 
States  government  from  two  funds,  $25,000  annually 
from  the  Merrill  fund  and  $15,000  annually  from  the 
Hatch  fund,  in  addition  to  generous  appropriations 
by  the  state  legislature.  New  buildings  are  erected 
by  the  state  as  the  growth  and  needs  of  the  university- 
furnish  the  occasion,  and  an  ample  provision  and  safe- 
guard for  the  future  is  found  in  the  286,000  acres  of 
public  land  set  apart  for  the  endowment  of  higher  edu- 
cation in  Idaho.  Some  of  this  land  has  been  located 
in  heavily  timbered  townships,  and  the  moneys  received 
from  the  sales  of  the  timber  are  invested  by  the  state 
for  the  benefit  of  the  university.  The  land  itself  can- 
not be  sold  at  less  than  $10  an  acre,  and  the  fund 
created  by  the  sales  of  land  constitutes  an  irreducible 
fund  for  the  permanent  endowment  of  university  edu- 
cation in  Idaho.  In  no  state  has  this  land  endowment 
been  more  wisely  conserved  or  more  carefully  ad- 
ministered, and  this  gives  asurance  that  Idaho's  uni- 
versity is  presently  to  become  one  of  the  most  potent 
forces  in  the  educational  circles  in  the  West. 

A  movement  having  for  its  object  the  annexation 
of  the  "Panhandle"  of  Idaho  to  Washington  is  re- 
sponsible for  the  location  of  the  university.  The 
needs  and  demands  of  this,  the  richest  section  of  Ida- 
ho, had  been  ignored  for  many  years,  but  when  the 
annexation  idea  was  projected  Southern  and  Eastern 
Idaho  became  alarmed.  As  a  result  the  legislature 
of  1888-9  passed  a  bill  locating  the  university  at  Mos- 
cow and  providing  a  building  fund  of  about  $65,000. 
This  bill  was  approved  by  the  governor  January  3oth, 
1889.  The  original  bill  vested  the  government  of  the 
university  in  a  board  of  nine  regents  appointed  bi- 
ennially by  the  governor  for  terms  of  two  years.  In 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


6n 


1889  the  terms  of  regents  were  lengthened  to  six 
years  and  appointments  were  so  arranged  that  one- 
third  of  the  board  should  be  renewed  bi-ennially.  By 
recent  legislative  enactment  the  number  of  regents 
was  reduced  from  nine  to  five.  October  3,  1892,  the 
institution  was  opened  to  the  reception  of  students. 
It  opened  in  the  unfurnished  and  unfinished  wing  of 
the  main  building,  which  stood  in  the  midst  of  a 
plowed  field.  It  had  a  faculty  of  but  one  professor 
and  the  president,  and  was  without  a  book  or  piece  of 
apparatus  of  any  sort.  It  had  not  a  student  in  the 
college  grade,  but  about  thirty  students  appeared  to 
enter  the  preparatory  school,  some  of  whom  had  come 
long  distances  to  enter  the  institution. 

The  act  of  1889  for  the  establishment  of  the  uni- 
versity provided: 

"The  college  or  department  of  arts  shall  embrace 
courses  of  instruction  in  mechanical,  physical  and  nat- 
ural sciences,  with  their  application  to  the  industrial 

ing  and  metallurgy,  manufactures,  architecture  and 
commerce:  in  such  branches  included  in  the  college 
of  letters  as  shall  be  necessary  to  a  proper  fitness  of 
the  pupils  in  the  scientific  and  practical  courses  for 
their  chosen  pursuits ;  and  as  soon  as  the  income  of  the 
university  will  allow,  in  such  order  as  the  wants  of 
the  public  shall  seem  to  require,  the  said  courses  in 
the  sciences  and  their  application  to  the  practical  arts 
shall  be  expanded  into  distinct  colleges  of  the  uni- 
versitv,  each  with  its  own  faculty  and  appropriate 
title.  The  college  of  letters  shall  be  co-existent  with 
the  college  of  arts,  and  shall  embrace  a  liberal  course 
of  instruction  in  languages,  lierature  and  philosophy, 
together  with  such  courses  or  parts  of  courses  in  the 
college  of  arts  as  the  regents  of  the  university  shall 
prescribe." 

In  June,  1902,  the  regents,  acting  under  this  law, 
placed  the  organization  of  the  university  on  a  collegiate 
basis.  The  university  now  comprises:  The  college 
of  letters  and  sciences,  the  college  of  agriculture,  the 
school  of  applied  science,  or  school  of  mines,  and 
the  preparatory  school.  The  faculty  of  each  college 
or  school  is  composed  of  the  president  of  the  uni- 

ants  giving  instructions  therein. 

The  following  courses  are  accordingly  offered, 
leading  to  the  corresponding  degrees :  In  the  College 
of  Letters  and  Sciences— The  classical  course  leads  to 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts;  the  scientific  course 
leads  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Sciences  ;  the  course 
in  music  and  the  allied  subjects  leads  to  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Music.  In  the  College  of  Agriculture— 
The  course  in  agriculture  and  horticulture  leads  to 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science.  In  the  School  of 
Applied  Science — The  course  in  civil  engineering  leads 
to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Civil  Engineering,  and 
the  course  in  mining  leads  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Engineer  of  Mines.  In  the  Preparatory  School— 
the  classical  and  scientific  courses  prepare  for  admis- 
sion to  the  corresponding  courses  in  the  college ;  the 
English  course  prepares  for  admission  to  the  College 
of  Agriculture  and  the  School  of  Applied  Science. 


The  experimental  station,  operated  under  the 
Hatch,  act,  has  been  a  department  of  the  university 
since  1892.  The  original  idea  was  to  conduct  the  ex- 
perimental work  on  farms  in  different  parts  of  the 
state.  Three  tracts  of  160  acres  each  were  secured 
by  donations  from  citizens  near  Grangeville,  near 
Xampa  and  near  Idaho  Falls.  Later,  at  the  sugges- 
tion of  the  national  authorities,  these  were  ordered 
abandoned  by  the  regents  in  1896.  That  year  citizens 
of  Moscow  purchased  a  farm  of  90  acres  near  the 
college,  and  donated  it  to  the  school  for  use  as  an 
experimental  station.  June,  1902.  the  regents  adopt- 
ed the  policy  of  separating  so  far  as  possible  the  work 
of  the  experimental  station  and  that  of  the  colleges. 
It  was  decided  to  separate  the  duties  of  the  president 
and  director  of  the  experimental  station  and  appoint 
one  of  the  officers  of  the  station  as  director,  which  was 
done.  A  feature  of  the  work  of  this  portion  of  the 
institution  is  the  conduct  of  farmers  institutes  in  the 
different  parts  of  the  state.  Publications  are  also 
issued  covering  the  results  of  experiments  and  re- 
search, which  give  information  of  great  value  to  the 
farmers  and  fruit  raisers.  Students  of  the  college  of 
agriculture  do  all  the  practical  work  on  the  farm  and 
are  paid  for  their  services.  The  farm  is  equipped  with 
barns,  buildings  and  implements  suitable  for  experi- 
mentation and  instruction.  In  one  building  is  a  butter 
making  room,  a  cheese  room,  a  laboratory  for  testing 
milk,  an  engine  room  and  cheese  testing  rooms.  And 
in  addition  to  these  are  store  rooms  for  seeds,  grains 
and  vegetables.  A  model  greenhouse,  of  glass  and 
iron,  18  by  50  feet  in  size,  is  connected  with  the  agri- 
culture building. 

The  faculty  of  the  university  now  consists  of  14 
professors,  two  associate  professors,  1 1  instructors  and 
two  student  assistants,  or  29  in  all,  representing  in 
their  collegiate  and  university  training  25  of  the  lead- 
ing colleges  and  universities  in  the  United  States.  The 
growth  in  the  faculty  has  kept  pace  with  the  growth 
of  the  student  body.  Erom  an  enrollment  of  30  in 
1892  the  number  of  students  increased  to  248  in  1897, 
and  the  enrollment  for  this  year  exceeds  400.  In  the 
present  enrollment  14  counties  of  the  state  are  repre- 
sented by  students  and  five  other  states  have  also  sent 
pupils.  The  university  alumni  includes  four  gradu- 
ates of  1896.  five  of  1897,  eight  of  1898,  seven  of 
1899,  ten  of  1900  and  24  of  1901.  It  is  worthy  of 
note  that  39  students  of  the  university  enlisted  in 
the  army  during  the  Spanish  war,  a  larger  number 
in  proportion  to  enrollment  than  of  any  other  uni- 
versity in  the  United  States. 

The  faculty  of  the  university  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing:  James  "Alexander  MacLean.  president.  B.  A., 
University  of  Toronto,  and  M.  A.  and  Ph.  D..  Co- 
lumbia: Louis  Tourniquet  Henderson,  professor  of 
botany.  Ph.  B.,  Cornell;  John  Merton  Aldrich.  pro- 
fessor of  zoology  and  curator  of  museum.  B.  S.  and 
M.  S.,  South  Dakota  Agricultural  College,  and  M. 
S..  University  of  Kansas :  John  Edward  Bonebright, 
professor  of  physics.  B.  S.,  Northwestern  University; 
Alfred  Stanley  Miller,  professor  of  mining  and  metal- 
lurgy. A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Lelancl  Stanford.  Jr.,  Uni- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


versity,  E.  M.,  School  of  Practical  Engineering,  San 
Francisco,  Ph.  D.,  Heidelberg  University,  Ohio  ;  Fred 
A.  Huntley,  professor  horticulture,  B.  S.,  Michigan 
Agricultural  College;  William  W.  Baden,  professor 
of  Greek  and  Latin,  A.  B.  and  Ph.  D.,  Johns  Hopkins, 
LL.  B..  University  of  Maryland  ;  D'Arcy  P.  Parham, 
professor  of  English,  M.  A.,  Randolph-Macon,  Va.  ; 
Jay  G.  Eldridge,  professor  of  modern  languages,  B. 
A-  and  M.  A.,  Yale  ;  Charles  A.  Peters,  professor  of 
chemistry,  B.  S.,  Boston  University,  and  Ph.  D.,  Yale  ; 
Charles  N.  Little,  professor  of  civil  engineering,  A. 
M.,  University  of  Nebraska,  Ph.  D.,  Yale;  Isaac  J. 
Cogswell,  associate  professor  of  music,  B.  M.,  Chi- 
cago Musical  College  ;  Nina  A.  Wilber,  associate  pro- 
fes'sor  of  oratory  and  physical  culture.  A.  B.,  Uni 


Emporia,  A.  M.,  Princeton;  Hal  T.  Beans,  instructor 
in  chemistry,  B.  Sc.  and  M.  A.,  University  of  Ne- 
braska; Miles  F.  Reed,  principal  preparatory  depart- 
ment and  instructor  in  pedagogy,  B.  S.,  University 
of  Idaho  ;  Sarah  E.  Foe,  B.  L.,  Wilbur  College,  Lew- 
iston,  Idaho;  Florence  P.  Moore,  instructor  in  mathe- 
matics and  German,  B.  S.  Northwestern  University; 
Agatha  I.  Sonna,  instructor  in  Latin  and  history,  B. 
A.,  Wellesly;  Mrs.  M.  E.  Young,  preceptress  and 
director  department  of  domestic  science;  Herbert  T. 
Condon,  B.  S.,  University  of  Oregon,  LL.  B.,  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  registrar  and  secretary  of  fac- 
ulty ;  Margaret  Bryan  McCallie,  librarian,  B."  S.,  Uni- 
versity of  Idaho. 

The  university  is  situated  on  an  eminence  overlook- 
ing the  city  of  Moscow  from  the  southwest  and  com- 
manding one  of  the  most  attractive  prospects  of  moun- 
tain and  valley  in  the  Palouse  country.  The  situation 
is  ideal  for  an  educational  institution.  At  an  alti- 
tude of  about  2,700  feet,  the  air  of  the  locality  is  pure 
and  invigorating  and  the  climate  is  healthful.  The 
winters  are  neither  severely  cold  not  prolonged;  the 
climate  is  favorable  to  effective  study.  Students 
from  higher  altitudes,  from  dryer  regions  or  from  the 
more  humid  climate  of  the  coast  find  the  climate  of 
Moscow  agreeable  and  promotive  of  work.  The  uni- 
versity campus,  comprising  20  acres,  is  crossed  from 
the  direction  of  the  city  by  a  winding  driveway.  The 
part  of  it  in  front  of  the  university  is  devoted  entirely 
to  lawn  ;  other  parts  are  used  for  an  athletic  field  and 
drill  ground.  The  main  or  administration  building  is 
an  attractive  and  commodious  structure  of  three  sto- 
ries and  high  basement,  finished  in  California  red- 
wood and  native  tamarack,  supplied  with  artesian 
water  and  electric  lights  and  heated  by  steam.  It 
represents  a  cost  of  about  $200,000.  The  school  of 
mines  is  three  stories  high,  built  of  brick,  with  a 
ground  plan  of  60  by  108  feet.  One  side  of  this  build- 
ing contains  a  mining  laboratory,  assay  rooms,  bal- 
ance rooms,  private  laboratory  and  office  for  the  de- 
partment of  mining  and  a  museum,  laboratory,  lec- 
ture rooms,  library  and  office  for  the  department  of 
geology;  while  the  other  half  of  the  building  is  de- 
voted to  machine  and  wood  working  shops  for  the 
department  of  mechanic  arts.  In  other  rooms  are 
the  boilers  and  engines  which  supply  power  and  heat 


to  the  building.  The  dormitory  is  a  three-story  brick 
with  basement,  finished  according  to  the  most  ap- 
proved plans.  It  contains  two  reception  halls,  35 
dormers,  study  halls,  sewing  rooms,  gymnasium,  a 
dining  hall  for  100  boarders,  apartments  for  the  pre- 
ceptress, an  infirmary  and  many  other  features  con- 
ducive to  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  young  women. 
The  building  is  heated  by  steam  and  electrically  light- 
ed. It  has  an  abundance  of  baths  and  other  con- 
veniences. A  wooden  building  50  by  125  feet,  known 
as  the  annex,  is  located  about  100  feet  behind  the 
main  building.  It  is  used  as  the  armory  and  for 
other  purposes.  East  of  the  main  building  is  the  \ 
greenhouse.  The  library,  including  six  departmental 
libraries,  contains  about  4,000  bound  volumes  and  a  1 
number  of  pamphlets.  The  general  library  occupies 
a  large  and  well  lighted  room  on  the  first  floor  of  the  i 
administration  building  and  contains  works  in  history, 
literature,  philosophy,  art,  etc.  About  50  of  the  lead- 
ing periodicals  of  the  United  States  and  foreign  coun- 
tries are  subscribed  for  and  the  newspapers  of  the  j 
state  are  donated  and  kept  on  file.  The  nucleus  for 
the  museum  was  the  collection  of  Idaho  minerals, 
etc.,  exhibited  in  the  Idaho  buildding  at  the  World's 
fair  in  1893.  This  was  donated  to  the  university  at  j 
the  close  of  the  fair.  The  J.  Rand  Sanborn  was 
purchased  by  the  state  for  the  university  and  there 
have  been  other  important  acquisitions,  including 
Philippine  articles  presented  by  students  who  served 
in  the  army  there.  There  are  about  2,500  specimens 
in  the  mineral  collection.  The  animal  collection  is 
a  large  one,  and  the  museum  also  contains  175  species 
of  birds.  Under  the  act  of  congress  providing 
the  land  grant  for  the  university,  military  drill  is  re- 
quired of  all  male  students  except  juniors  and  seniors. 
Each  cadet  is  required  to  provide  himself  with  the  ; 
prescribed  uniform.  The  equipment  of  the  cadet 
battalion  includes  100  Springfield  rifles,  two  field  guns 
and  ammunition  and  target  materials  furnished  by 
the  war  department.  Camp  equipage  is  provided  by 
the  state.  Efforts  are  made  for  an  annual  encamp- 
ment, during  which  the  instruction  is  entirely  mili- 
tary and  practical  and  the  cadets  are  put  through  all 
the  duties  of  camp  life.  The  three  cadets  in  the  gradu-- 
ating  class  who  have  the  highest  grade  of  merit  for  j 
the  entire  course  are  reported  to  the  war  department, 
where  their  names  are  recorded  in  the  adjutant  gen- 
eral's office  and  published  in  the  Army  register  for 
that  year.  In  making  appointments  to  the  regular 
or  volunteer  army  from  civil  life  preference  is  given  j 
to  those  who  have  their  names  so  recorded. 

Among  the  student  organizations  are  the  Alumni 
Association,  which  has  an  annual  meeting  and  ban- 
quet commencement  week;  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  and  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, oratorical  associations  which  participate  in  con- 
tests and  debates  with  similar  associations  of  other 
schools  of  Idaho  and  Washington :  two  literary  soci- 
eties, the  Websterian  and  Amphictyon :  an  active  ath- 
letic association,  with  departments  devoted  to  football, 
baseball,  tennis  and  track  athletics,  and  the  following 
musical  organizations:  Philharmonic  Club,  which 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


613 


renders  monthly  programs,  the  mandolin  and  guitar 
club,  two  glee  clubs  of  men's  and  women's  voices,  and 
the  university  band  and  orchestra. 

The  university  publications  include  the  annual  re- 
port of  the  regents  to  the  governor,  the  annual  cata- 
logue, the  annual  report  of  the  agricultural  experi- 
ment station,  frequent  pamphlets  and  press  bulletins 
from  that  station  and  the  Farmers'  Institute  year  book, 
the  students'  handbook,  published  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
and  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  and  the  Argonaut.  The  university 
Argonaut  was  established  during  the  administration 
of  President  J.  P.  Blanton  in  1898-9.  At  his  sug- 
gestion a  meeting  of  the  student  body  was  called  and 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  investigate  the  cost  and 
to  draw  up  a  constitution  and  by-laws.  The  commit- 
tee's report  was  adopted  at  the  next  meeting.  Guy 
W.  Wolfe,  a  senior,  was  elected  editor-in-chief  and 
business  manager.  The  paper  was  named  "The  Uni- 
versity Argonaut,"  and  was  published  as  a  monthly. 
Mr.  Wolfe  is  now  a  practicing  attorney  at  Moscow. 
The  next  year  the  offices  of  editor  and  business  man- 
ager were  separated  and  Burton  L.  French  and  G. 
O.  P.  Mix  were  elected  to  the  respective  positions. 
They  were  both  seniors;  in  fact,  it  has  become  al- 
most an  unwritten  law  to  elect  members  of  the  senior 
class  to  these  positions.  Mr.  French  is  now  con- 
gressman from  Idaho  and  Mr.  Mix  is  a  successful 
Moscow  business  man.  In  1900-1  the  paper  was 
issued  as  a  weekly,  with  Jesse  L.  Rains  editor-in-chief 
and  Claude  W.  Gibson  business  manager.  Next  year 
Henry  M.  Lancaster,  editor-in-chief,  and  Fred  H.  Mc- 
Connell,  business  manager,  got  out  a  twice-a-month 
edition.  Miss  Nellie  B.  Ireton  was  elected  editor- 
in-chief  for  1902-3  and  John  W.  Shepperd  business 
manager,  and  a  weekly  was  issued.  During  the  lat- 
ter part  of  the  year  a  change  was  made  in  the  consti- 
tution, and  the  offices  of  associate  editor  and  assist- 
ant business  manager  were  created.  Officers  are 
elected  in  March  of  each  year.  The  editor  begins  his 
duties  immediately,  but  the  business  manager  does 
not  take  up  his  work  until  the  following  fall  under 
the  new  arrangement.  The  officers  for  1903-4  are 
Benj.  W.  Oppenheim,  editor-in-chief,  and  T.  R.  Jones, 
associate  editor:  J.  Loyal  Adkison,  business  man- 
ager, and  Floyd  D.  Angel,  assistant  business  man- 
ager. Besides  these,  the  editor  appoints  a  staff  of  four 
from  the  college  to  assist  him.  The  paper  is  now  es- 
tablished as  a  weekly  and  will  probably  continue  as 
such.  It  will  thus  be  the  college  newspaper.  With 
the  growing  needs  of  the  college  a  monthly  magazine, 
under  a  separate  staff,  will  be  established,  devoted  to 
literary  subjects  exclusively. 

The  present  board  of  regents  of  the  university  con- 
sists of  President  John  B.  Goode,  of  Rathdrum ;  Vice- 
Presiclent  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Ridenbaugh,  of  Boise;  Sec- 
retary George  C.  Parkinson,  of  Preston;  Henry  E. 
Wallace,  of  Caldwell :  and  George  Chapin.  of  Idaho 
Falls.  William  L.  Payne  is  treasurer.  President 
Goode  and  Secretary  Parkinson  are  the  executive 
board.  All  are  of  high  standing  and  wide  knowledge 
and  are  laboring  enthusiastically  and  earnestly  toward 
the  upbuilding  of  the  institution.  The  university  of 


Idaho  was  placed  at  the  outset  fairly  and  squarely  upon 
four  foundation  piers,  viz:  Free  tuition,  sufficient 
material  resources,  severe  educational  requirements 
and  a  distinct  ethical  purpose,  consequently  the  per- 
manence of  the  state  university  is  almost  as  well  as- 
sured as  the  permanence  of  the  state  itself.  The  state 
university  will  live  and  grow  and  prosper  because  it 
ought  to  live  and  grow  and  prosper  forever. 

The  present  city  officers  of  Moscow  are:  Mayor, 
J.  C.  Wolf ;  Clerk,  H.  H.  Robinson ;  treasurer,  Mrs. 
Emma  Edmundson;  police  judge,  John  Craig;  en- 
gineer, Benjamin  E.  Bush ;  councilmen,  A.  M.  Ander- 
son, R.  D.  Carter,  W.  O.  Griffin. 

In  1901  there  were  shipped  from  Moscow  759 
cars  of  grain,  150  cars  of  hay,  56  cars  of  fruit,  20 
cars  of  stock;  total  of  940  cars.  The  business  inter- 
ests of  the  city  are  represented  by  five  dry  goods 
stores,  three  hardwares,  four  drugs,  thirteen  groceries, 
three  banks,  two  railroads,  two  jewelers,  three  liver- 
ies, four  hotels,  four  newspapers,  two  harness  shops, 
two  bakeries,  three  meat  markets,  four  implement 
houses,  one  cigar  factory,  three  millinery  stores,  five 
grain  warehouses,  one  steam  laundry,  one  foundry, 
one  gents'  furnishing  store,  one  shoe  store,  one  furni- 
ture store,  two  planing  mills,  one  flour  mill,  one  saw 
mill,  one  hospital,  electric  light  works,  and  waterworks. 

The  contract  has  been  let  for  a  new  system  of 
sewerage;  a  brickyard  has  just  been  established  by 
Frank  White  and  W.  C.  Laude,  east  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  depot;  articles  of  incorporation  of  the  Inter- 
state Co-operative  Telephone  Company  have  been 
filed,  capital  stock,  $10,000;  a  bill  has  been  introduced 
in  the  United  States  senate  providing  for  an  appropri- 
ation of  $25,000  to  be  expended  in  the  erection  of  a 
federal  building  at  Moscow ;  a  free  delivery  system  has 
been  established  with  three  carriers ;  the  postal  re- 
ceipts at  Moscow  for  1901  were  $10,942.83. 

Never  in  the  history  of  Moscow  has  there  been 
such  a  demand  as  now  for  business  locations.  For  a 
year  past  there  has  scarcely  been  an  available  loca- 
tion to  be  had.  The  town's  growth  has  reached  a 
point  where  Main  street  will  no  longer  suffice  for 
its  business  needs,  and  side  street  locations  are  com- 
ing into  demand.  The  prosperous  condition  of  the 
town  has  brought  substantial  results  and  merchants 
are  preparing  to  enlarge  their  stocks,  while  many 
new  buildings  are  under  consideration,  some  of  them 
now  in  process  of  erection.  This  last  fact  is  con- 
clusive evidence  of  the  substantial  growth  Moscow 
has  experienced  during  the  past  three  years.  The 
demand  for  residence  property  is  no  less  marked.  Al- 
though building  material  was  scarce,  over  one  hundred 
new  residences  were  built  in  1902  and  the  first  half 
of  1903. 

Every  city  reflects  the  character  of  its  citizens.  If 
the  latter  are  active,  wide  awake  and  full  of  public 
spirit  it  is  pretty  certain  that  the  place  in  which  they 
reside  is  progressive,  enterprising  and  up-to-date.  I 
the  people  of  the  city  are  concerned  only  with  their 
individual  private  affairs,  and  are  too  selfish  to  give 
a  thought  to  the  welfare  of  the  community  as  a  whole, 
one  is  apt  to  find  in  that  city  stagnation,  lack  of  enter- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


prise  and  municipal  lethargy.  It  is  a  fine  public  spirit 
that  has  made  Moscow  what  it  is  today.  No  city- 
thrives  without  .this  spirit  and  nothing  can  interfere 
with  the  growth  of  the  city  that  possesses  it.  No  city 
in  Idaho  has  better  prospects  today  than  has  Moscow. 
The  sources  from  which  it  will  draw  its  support  in  the 
future  are  next  to  inexhaustible;  its  citizens  are  pro- 
gressive and  united  in  their  efforts  to  advance  the 
general  welfare ;  it  is  a  city  of  homes,  a  city  of  schools, 
a  city  of  churches,  a  city  of  wealth  and  refinement,  and 
a  city  where  commercial  institutions  are  on  a  solid 
basis ;  it  is  a  most  desirable  place  of  abode,  either  from 
a  commercial,  educational  or  social  standpoint. 


Kendrick,  the  metropolis  of  the  Potlatch  empire, 
is  located  on  the  Palouse  branch  of  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific railway,  at  the  junction  of  Bear  creek  and  the 
Potlatch  river,  on  the  south  boundary  of  Latah  county, 
and  in  the  center  of  the  Potlatch  district.  With  her 
strongest  competitors, — Moscow,  25  miles  northwest, 
and  Lewiston,  30  miles  southwest— Kendrick  must  re- 
main for  an  indefinite  period  of  time  the  metropolis 
of  some  of  the  finest  agricultural,  timber  and  mineral 
country  in  the  northwest.  In  no  country  can  a  more 
enterprising  class  of  people  be  found  than  those  of 
the  Potlatch.  Between  the  citizens  of  the  town  and 
those  of  the  country  the  best  of  feelings  exist  which 
harmonize  all  the  plan?  that  enter  into  the  progress 
and  welfare  of  the  Potlatch  empire  in  general.  Scarce- 
ly had  the  outlines  of  the  town  that  was  destined  to 
become  the  keystone  of  the  Potlatch  assumed  shape  ere 
the  energy  and  enterprise  that  have  characterized  its 
existence  were  asserted  by  the  building  of  roads  to 
the  various  ridges.  Today  Kendrick's  location,  with 
roads  leading  in  from  all  sides,  might  well  be  com- 
pared to  the  hub  of  a  wheel  that  holds  its  position 
through  the  spokes.  Each  serves  as  an  avenue  of 
resource  which  year  by  year  strengthens  with  the  de- 
velopment of  the  country  and  contributes  toward  the 
healthy  progress  of  the  town. 

With  such  a  scope  of  fine  agricultural  land  at  her 
doors,  which  is  the  basis  of  all  manufactures,  the 
question  of  power,  space  and  shipping  facilities  nat- 
urally comes  up,  and  finds  answer  in  the  force  of  her 
position.  Just  above  the  town  Bear  creek,  a  beautiful 
stream  of  clear  water,  which  has  its  source  in  the 
mountains,  enters  into  Potlatch  river.  The  Potlatch, 
with  its  numerous  tributaries,  taps  valuable  forests  of 
timber.  Fir,  cedar,  yellow  and  white  pine  timber 
tracts  line  the  banks  of  both  these  streams.  The  cur- 
rent of  the  river  is  strong ;  the  waters  have  about  30 
feet  fall  in  every  1,000  yards.  Along  the  banks  of 
the  streams  are  many  splendid  sites  for  mills.  In  the 
corporate  limits  of  the  town  the  river  has  a  fall  of  38 
feet  for  the  1,000  yards,  which,  with  the  body  of  water 
that  runs  continually  the  year  round,  would  furnish 
power  to  operate  a  number  of  mills.  With  the  ex- 
penditure of  a  little  money  the  stream  could  be  cleared 
sufficiently  to  drive  logs  down  to  mills  where  shipping 
facilities  can  be  had  over  the  Northern  Pacific.  With 


such  a  water  power  and  with  mill  sites  in  abundance, 
Kendrick  offers  advantages  to  manufacturers  superior 
to  any  town  in  the  country.  A  flouring  mill  and  a 
tannery  are  among  the  successful  industrial  enter- 
prises established  at  Kendrick. 

Another  important  and  attractive  feature  of  Ken- 
drick's  location  is  in  respect  to  her  superior  advantages 
for  maintaining  a  system  °f  water  works.  With  a 

Gradual  slope  toward  the  west,  the  lay  of  the  ground 
Lirnishes  a  perfect  system  of  drainage  and  sewerage. 
Kendrick  has  reason  to  be  proud  of  her  public 
schools  and  her  houses  of  worship.  The  public  schools 
are  chief  among  the  hopes  and  aspirations  of  the  peo-  : 
pie  and  today  her  schools  stand  in  the  highest  rank 
of  the  educational  institutions  of  the  state.  The  high 
standard  that  the  public  school  has  attained  has  been 
one  of  the  potent  factors  in  making  Kendrick  a  town 
of  homes.  There  are  now  220  pupils  enrolled  in 
the  public  schools.  The  school  property  is  valued  at 
$5,000.  The  teachers  include  J.  P.  Barrackman,  prin- 
cipal;  Maud  Brilhart,  Arsella  Emerson  and  Lucile 
Fisher,  assistants.  The  school  board  consists  of  E. 
P.  Atchison,  A.  P.  Hamley  and  Rev.  J.  A.  Hedges. 
There  are  four  churches,  each  of  which  has  an  edifice. 
These  include  the  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Methodist 
and  United  Brethren.  The  secret  societies  are  well 
represented.  The  Odd  Fellows  have  purchased  a 
site  and  propose  to  erect  a  two-story  brick  building, 
the  upper  floor  of  which  will  be  used  by  the  order  and 
the  lower  floor  rented  for  store  purposes.  •  The  sub- 
ordinate lodge  has  about  75  members  and  the  encamp- 
ment about  30  members.  The  Rebekah  lodge  has  100 
members  and  is  the  banner  lodge  of  the  state.  The 
Masonic  lodge  has  a  large  membership  and  is  also  dis- 
cussing building. 

The  town  was  founded  by  Thomas  Kirby,  the  first 
postmaster,  in  1889,  who  named  it  Latah.  In  May, 
Kpo,  an  arrangement  was  made  that  the  Northern 
Pacific  would  build  to  the  town,  and  on  a  guarantee 
that  the  road  would  be  built  there  by  January  i,  1891, 
Thomas  Kirby  gave  the  railroad  a  deed  to  one-half 
of  the  townsite  of  240  acres.  The  town  was  then 
named  Kendrick,  in  honor  of  the  chief  engineer  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  May  8,  1890,  the  town  was  platted. 
October  15,  1890,  the  town  was  incorporated,  with 
the  following  trustees :  Thomas  Kirby,  J.  M.  Walk- 
er, N.  C.  Normoyle,  Volley  Nichols  and  N.  Kaufman. 
Captain  Walker  was  president  of  the  Hard- 
ware &  Implement  Company,  and  one  of  the  most 
progressive  citizens ;  Mr.  Normoyle  was  then  propri- 
lor  of  the  St.  Elmo  hotel,  Mr.  Nichols  was  propri- 
etor of  the  Pioneer  city  dray  and  is  now  at  Nezperce ; 
Mr.  Kaufman  is  of  the  well  known  firm  of  Dernham 
&  Kaufman,  and  is  now  manager  of  their  large  main 
store  at  Moscow.  These  practical  business  men 
held  the  reins  of  the  city  goverment  and  wisely  guided 
its  infant  steps  so  that  it  has  been  kept  free  from  debt 
in  assuming  premature  improvements.  The  advan- 
tages of  the  location  for  a  town  were  recognized  by  Mr. 
Kirby  from  the  beginning,  and  he  displayed  his  good 
judgment  in  his  selection  of  associates  to  join  with 
him  in  building  the  hub  of  the  Potlatch.  Aside  from 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


6is-» 


the  officers  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  his  associates  in- 
cluded G.  E.  Potter  of  Colfax,  since  deceased,  G.  Hoi- 
brook  of  Colfax,  Hon.  J.  C.  Lawrence  of  Waterville, 
W.  White  of  Colfax,  J.  P.  Vollmer  of  Lewiston,  R. 
D.  McConnell  and  James  Grimes  of  Moscow.  A 
board  of  trade  was  organized  on  the  start.  By  mid- 
summer of  that  year  the  town  was  in  a  prosperous 
condition.  Building  was  going  on  apace  and  all  lines 
of  trade  were  represented.  The  railroad  was  pushed 
forward  that  winter  and  February  4,  1891,  the  first 
train  reached  Kendrick. 

August  16,  1893,  came  the  first  big  fire.  It  wiped 
out  31  business  structures  and  caused  a  loss  of  about 
$100,000.  The  chief  losers  and  the  amounts  of  their 
losses  follow,  the  second  figures  being  insurance  car- 
ried, if  any:  Advocate  office,  $3,000;  M.  C.  Nor- 
moyle,  $7,000,  $2,000:  L.  D.  Shattler,  $1,000,  $600; 
Joseph  Jarred,  $200:  Wm.  Crews,  $300,  $200;  First 
National  Bank,  $6,000,  $2,500;  John  Grimes,  $2.000, 
$1,500;  A.  W.  Taygard,  $250;  G.  H.  Sutherland, 
$1,500,  $1,000 ;  A.  C.  White,  $4,500,  $2,000;  Hamley 
&  Co.,  $2,500,  $1,000 ;  G.  E.  Porter,  $1,000.  $600; 
Hamlin  &  Co.,  $4,500,  $4.300;  McCrea  Bros.,  $4,800, 
$3,500:  J.  F.  Carlton,  $  1,000,  $500;  Lincoln  Bros., 
$6,000,  $4.500;  C.  H.  Dodd  &  Co..  $2.700,  $1,000; 
J.  M.  Walker,  $4,500,  $2,500;  J.  R.  Hall,  $1,500,  $500; 
Thos.  Kirby,  $5,000,  $3,900:  L.  L.  Crocker.  $1,500, 
$i,ooo ;  C.  "Kail,  $900,  $400;  W.  A.  Rothwell,  $100; 
Dernham  &  Kaufman.  $23,000,  $20,000;  M.  S.  Free- 
man, $2,000,  $1,000;  Jacobs  &  Toole.  $200;  Joseph 
Bryden,  $800,  $500:  Dr.  Justice.  $100;  J.  H.  Morris, 
$300;  Martin  Larson,  $400,  $300:  Chetham,  Baker 
&  Co.,  $1,000,  $800;  C.  A.  French,  $200;  T.  Atkinson, 
$300;  Francis  Labode,  Jr.,  $1,800,  $1,200.  These  fig- 
ures are  as  given  in  an  article  in  the  North  Idaho  Star, 
August  19,  1892.  Fire  could  not  subdue  the  energy 
of  the  citizens  and  three  months  later  nine  substantial 
brick  buildings  had  arose  from  the  ashes.  January 
1893,  was  marked  as  the  time  when  the  electric  light 
plant  opened  up  for  business.  In  the  panic  of  1893  the 
citizens  redoubled  their  activities,  determined  that  the 
future  must  be  one  of  progress.  An  immigration  bu- 
reau was  organized  to  bring  the  advantages  of  the 
Potlatch  country  before  homeseekers  and  investors. 
The  fruit  growers  also  organized  the  Potlatch  Horti- 
cultural Association.  The  same  indomitable  spirit 
was  evident  when,  in  the  spring  of  1894,  two  fires, 
within  a  week,  destroyed  much  valuable  property,  only 
to  witness  larger  and  better  buildings  rise  in  the  stead 
of  those  wiped  out.  A  fire  this  year  will  probably 
have  a  similar  sequel.  Kendrick  is  a  pull-together 
town.  There  are  no  discordant  elements  and  no  legiti- 
mate enterprise  there  has  ever  gone  begging  for  sup- 
port. November  18,  1895,  750,000  acres  of  lands  on 
the  Nez  Perces  Indian  reservation  were  thrown  open 
to  entry.  Kendrick  is  one  of  the  nearest  railroad 
points  to  these  lands  and  has  profited  greatly  from  the 
influx  of  settlers  to  that  rich  district  and  the  bringing 
of  the  lands  there  under  cultivation.  In  1894  $27,000 
was  spent  for  fruit  trees  for  the  Potlatch  country.  In 
1898  there  were  300  acres  of  bearing  orchards  about 
Kendrick.  That  latter  year  the  assessed  valuation  of 


property  at  Kendrick  was  $96,980  and  the  tax  levy 
was  eight  mills.  In  1898  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
seven  car-loads  of  fruit  were  shipped  from  Kendrick. 
This  has  more  than  doubled  since. 

The  adaptability  of  the  soil  and  climate  to  fruit 
raising  has  been  taken  advantage  of.  The  elevation 
is  lower  than  the  Palouse  country.  High  mountains 
to  the  north  afford  protection  from  the  cold  winds 
while  the  warm  winds  from  the  Columbia  and  Clear- 
water  valleys  are  an  advantage.  Potlatch  fruit  is 
famous.  Irrigation  is  unnecessary.  The  fruit  from 
the  Potlatch  has  won  first  prize  at  the  Spokane  inter- 
state fair.  At  the  world's  fair  at  Chicago  a  medal  and 
diploma  were  awarded  John  Hepler  for  the  best  ex- 
hibit of  pomaceous  fruits,  eight  varieties  of  apples 
free  from  blemishes  and  defects.  Apples,  prunes, 
cherries  and  the  berry  crop  do  especially  well  al- 
though all  fruits  give  immense  yields. 

The  soil  is  a  rich  black  loam  from  eighteen  inches 
to  four  feet  deep,  underlying  which  is  a  stratum  of  clay 
which  keeps  the  moisture  from  seeping  away.  Corn 
does  well,  sorghum  sugar  cane  and  all  vegetables  thrive. 
Wheat  yields  from  35  to  40  bushels  per  acre.  One 
tract  of  80  measured  acres  returned  an  average  of  60 
bushels  per  acre.  Oats,  barley,  rye  and  flax  return 
immense  crops.  Many  have  already  made  fortunes 
on  the  farms  and  orchards  of  the  Potlatch  country  and 
the  district  has  not  begun  to  be  developed.  Rich  min- 
ing and  timbered  districts  to  the  east  are  also  tribu- 
tary to  the  town.  A  recent  summary  of  the  distribu- 
tion of  crops  in  the  country  tributary  to  Kendrick 
follows:  Wheat  acreage.  28,000;  barley,  5,000  acres; 
oats,  5,000  acres;  flax,  2,000  acres;  corn,  i,oop  acres; 
beans,  1,000  acres;  other  vegetables,  1,500  acres;  ap- 
ples, 3.316  acres;  prunes,  684  acres;  peaches,  185 
acres;  pears,  292  acres;  grapes,  75  acres;  plums,  92 
acres;  strawberries  and  other  small  fruits,  104  acres. 

Naturally  with  such  a  rich  tributary  country  the 
business  institutions  of  the  town  are  in  a  prosperous 
condition.  One  of  the  chief  instituions  is  the  flour 
mill,  which  comprises  a  plant  valued  at  $30,000.  It  is 
owned  and  operated  by  the  Vollmer-Clearwater  Com- 
pany and  has  a  large  output  which  finds  a  ready  mar- 
ket. There  is  a  bank,  organized  in  1890  by  Capt.  J. 
M.  Walker  and  his  son,  R.  M.  Walker.  It  was  first 
called  the  Bank  of  Kendrick  and  was  run  by  them  until 
July,  1892,  when  it  was  absorbed  by  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Kendrick,  capital  $50,000,  organized 
under  the  national  banking  laws.  •  F.  N.  Gilbert  was 
president  and  Math  Jacobs,  cashier.  The  institution 
May  i,  1899,  surrendered  its  charter,  preferring  to  do 

Kendrick  State  bank.  Its  officers  are  Math  Jacobs, 
president;  F.  N.  Gilbert,  vice-president.  A.  Gordon, 
cashier  and  P.  R.  Jacobs,  assistant  cashier.  H.  P. 
Hull  conducts  a  large  general  store,  with  complete 
lines  such  as  are  usually  found  in  an  interior  depart- 
ment store.  The  telephone  office  is  located  in  that 
store.  Mr.  Hull  is  also  a  notary  public.  There  are 
two  large  hardware  and  implement  stores,  each  of 
which  is  enjoying  a  large  trade.  One  is  conducted 
by  the  Lincoln  Hardware  &  Implement  Company  and 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  other  by  McCrea  Bros.  &  Company.  D.  J.  Row- 
lands has  a  large  general  merchandise  store.  Hun- 
ter Brothers  are  the  leading  furniture  dealers  and 
have  an  undertaking  establishment  in  connection. 
There  are  two  large  stores  devoted  to  drygoods  and 
clothing.  One  is  run  by  Haizlep  &  Norman  and  the 
other  by  M.  C.  McGrew.  Both  carry  large  stocks 
and  enjoy  a  prosperous  and  growing  business.  The 
hotel  business  of  Kendrick  is  in  the  hands  of  Mrs.  C. 
S.  Miller.  She  has  leases  on  both  the  Pacific  and  St. 
Elmo  hotels.  The  Star  restaurant  is  conducted  by 
Mrs.  Mamie  Murphy.  Hamley  &  Co.,  dealers  in  har- 
ness and  saddles,  carry  one  of  the  largest  stocks  in 
those  lines  of  any  store  in  Idaho.  A  large  butcher 
shop  is  conducted  by  the  Idaho  Meat  and  Provision 
Company,  of  which  J.  M.  Wild  is  proprietor.  Other 
lines  of  business  are  represented  as  follows:  An- 
drew Hill,  dealer  in  fuel,  ice  and  shingles,  who  oper- 
ates a  dray  and  express  line;  Kendrick  livery  stables, 
Charles  Chandler,  proprietor ;  William  Hunter,  black- 
smith ;  Star  barber  shop,  W.  B.  Crews,  proprietor ;  A. 
W.  Cobb,  barber ;  Kendrick  lumber  yard,  D.  S.  Hun- 
ter, proprietor,  recently  burned  but  will  be  rebuilt ; 
The  Palace  meat  market;  Lorang  &  Wolhtmann, 
dealers  in  tobacccos  and  cigar  manufacturers;  The 
White  drug  store,  C.  A.  White  &  Co.,  proprietors ;  A. 
P.  Hamley,  photographer;  J.  T.  Moser,  dentist;  John 
Benjamin,  livery  and  feed  stables;  L.  A.  Kerr,  jewel- 
ry:' Kendrick  brick  yard;  Potlatch  Land  Company, 
real  estate,  G.  W.  Suppinger  and  H.  E.  Wessels,  pro- 
prietors;  C.  M.  Lukens,  real  estate,  notary  public  and 
justice  of  the  peace;  Kendrick  Realty  Company,  C.  W. 
Suppinger,  attorney-at-law ;  St.  Elmo  bar,  O.  E.  Wey- 
mouth,  proprietor.  Large  grain  warehouses  are 
owned  by  the  Tacoma  Grain  Company  and  Ketten- 
bach  &  Co.,  Ltd.  There  are  two  excellent  papers. 
The  Canyon  Echo  is  owned  and  edited  by  E.  E.  Al- 
derman. Mackintosh  &  Weber  are  owners  and  pub- 
lishers of  the  Kendrick  Gazette. 

The  present  officers  of  the  town  are  as  follows: 
Mayor,  J.  I.  Mitchem  and  J.  S.  Crocker,  J.  T.  Bibb, 
H.  P.  Hull  and  H.  N.  Nelson,  trustees;  Miss  Cora 
Crow,  treasurer ;  Charles  Weber,  street  commissioner  ; 
and  D.  B.  Mackintosh,  clerk.  The  salary  of  Post- 
master Hamley  has  been  recently  increased  from 

ings  of  the  office.  Notice  has  been  received  that  two 
free  rural  deliveries  will  be  established  this  vear  run- 
niing  from  Kendrick.  The  present  year  has  been  one  of 
great  growth  and  prosperity.  New  buildings  to  a 
considerable  number  have  been  erected.  C.  W.  Van 
Pelt,  proprietor  of  the  Leland  flour  mills,  is  figuring  on 
putting  in  a  water  power  plant  at  a  point  a  few  miles 
up  the  Potlatch  from  Kendrick,  where  he  will  install 
electrical  machinery  and  produce  current  to  furnish 
light  and  electric  power  for  Kendrick  and  neighbor- 
ing towns.  This  industry  will  probably  be  the  fore- 
runner of  many  others  which  will  make  use  of  the 
abundant  water  power.  In  closing  it  is  proper  that 
mention  should  be  made  of  the  Kendrick  Business 
Men's  Association,  to  which  great  credit  must  be 
given  for  the  past  growth  of  the  town  and  its  terri- 


tory and  who  are  active,  enthusiastic  and  determined 
to  continue  the  good  work.  The  officers  of  the  as- 
sociation are,  president,  G.  W.  Suppinger;  vice-presi- 
dent, M.  C.  McGrew  ;  secretary,  L.  F.  Hare  ;  treasurer, 
A.  W.  Gordon.  The  executive  committee  consists 
of  M.  C.  McGrew,  L.  F.  Hare,  H.  P.  Hull,  T.  A.  Hun- 
ter and  M.  C.  Normoyle.  There  are  subcommittees 
on  immigration,  roads,  mines  and  manufacturing, 
statistics,  etc.  With  such  an  organization,  with  its 
commanding  position  with  regard  to  the  rich  terri- 
tory of  which  it  is  the  center  and  trade  metropolis,  the 
future  of  Kendrick  seems  assuredly  a  prosperous  one. 


Genesee,   probably  the   greatest   wheat   market   i 


n'us  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway,  113  miles  south- 
east of  Spokane.  Built  on  a  hill  overlooking  the 
Genesee  valley,  the  "Garden  Spot  of  the  Palouse," 

three  states.  Its  location  is  healthful,  natural  drain- 
age perfect,  water  abundant  and  of  excellent  quality. 
The  population  is  1,200  and  is  steadily  growing. 
Most  of  its  business  blocks  are  substantial  brick  struc- 
tures. It  has  excellent  schools  and  churches,  a  city 
park,  telephones  locally  and  with  long  line  connec- 
tions and  a  franchise  has  been  recently  granted  for  an 
electric  light  plant.  An  active  Chamber  of  Commerce 
looks  after  the  material  advancement  of  the  city  and 
under  its  stimulus  street  paving  and  other  improve- 
ments are  projected.  There  are  excellent  advantages 
offered  for  the  starting  of  new  enterprises  such  as  a 
fruit  cannery,  straw  board  factory,  paper  mill,  cracker 
factory  and  a  starch  factory. 

The  Genesee  valley  lies  directly  north  of  the  Lew- 
iston  valley.  Speaking  of  the  naming  of  this  beau- 
tiful little  vale  of  Latah  county,  Idaho,  John  P.  Voll- 
mer,  the  Lewiston  banker  and  merchant  said :  "Dur- 
ing the  summer  of  1870,  Alonzo  Leland,  later  editor 
of  the  Lewiston  Teller,  a  man  named  Stone,  who  was 
the  O.  R.  &  N.  agent  for  their  steamboat  line,  and 
myself  went  one  day  for  a  drive  over  the  high 
prairie  north  of  the  Clearwater  river.  There  was  but 
one  habitation  in  all  that  vast  country  then,  Cald- 
well  &  Hall's  cattle  ranch  at  the  summit  of  the  Clear- 
water  bluff.  As  we  drove  along  we  passed  down  Cow 
creek  and  through  a  sequestered  little  valley  still  in 
its  natural  state,  Stone  exclaimed:  This  reminds 
me  of  my  old  home,  the  Genesee  valley  in  New  York 
state.'  The  suggestion  was  made  that  we  so  name  it 
and  from  that  time  on  it  bore  that  name.  When  Le- 
land started  his  newspaper  he  always  referred  to  this 
valley  by  the  name  of  Genesee  and  so  it  became  uni- 
versally known  by  that  appellation.  Some  time  in 
1871  Jacob  Cambitch  took  a  ranch  on  Cow  creek,  so 
that  he  may  be  termed  the  pioneer  of  Genesee. 

"Settlement  was  slow  until  1872  and  in  that  year 
quite  an  immigration  to  this  prairie  country  took  place 
and  the  first  large  settlement  was  made.  From  that 
time  on  scores  flocked  to  the  'Hog  Heaven'  country,  as 
the  country  around  Moscow  was  known  in  early  days, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


617 


and  soon  Nez  Perces  county  north  of  the  Clear- 
water  numbered  several  hundred  people.  In  1875 

Curtis  started  a  town  about  a  mile  east  of  the 

present  town  of  Genesee,  which  soon  became  a 
thriving  village.  Our  company  established  the  first 
general  store  there.  Just  who  owned  this  townsite  I 
do  not  remember,  as  it  stood  near  the  corner  of  four 
sections,  but  probably  R.  H.  Beeman,  James  Hansen, 
John  H.  Evans  and  Mr.  Curtis  were  the  men.  In 
1886  A.  M.  Cannon,  A.  W.  Newberry,  Paul  F.  Mohr, 
myself  and  others  organized  the  Spokane  &  Palouse 
Railway.  That  year  the  road  was  constructed  to 
Belmont.  Then  it  was  pushed  to  Marshall  Junction 
and  in  1888  we  built  our  terminus  at  Genesee.  About 
the  time  we  decided  to  extend  the  road  to  Genesee 
that  townsite  fell  into  the  hands  of  Jacob  Rosenstein 
whom,  we  thought,  asked  too  much  for  right-of-way 
privileges  and  grounds.  We  naturally  objected  and 
the  result  was  that  I  purchased  a  tract  of  forty  acres 
from  J.  H.  Evans  a  mile  west  of  the  old  town  and 
laid  out  the  new  town,  calling  it  Genesee  also.  When 
the  railroad  came  through,  it  stopped  one  mile  west  of 
the  old  town.  This  immediately  broke  up  the  old 
town  and  Jacob  Rosentein  headed  the  removal  to  the 
new  town  by  moving  his  store  over  on  wheels.  Soon 
the  old  town  was  a  relic  of  the  past.  Our  company 
re-established  our  store  in  the  new  town,  the  railroad 
company  built  a  roundhouse  and  laid  out  quite  a  yard 
system  and  the  population  of  the  town  jumped  to  sev- 
eral hundred  people  within  a  comparatively  short  time." 

Two  pioneers  of  the  old  town  not  mentioned  in  the 
above,  were  A.  Levi,  who  established  a  general  store 
in  1878,  and  E.  T.  Platt  who  was  the  pioneer  attor- 
ney and  was  also  justice  of  the  peace. 

The  first  business  structure  in  the  present  town 
was  put  up  by  J.  S.  Larabee,  hardware  dealer  and  the 
second  by  W.  J.  Herman,  general  merchandise.  J. 
J.  Owen  moved  a  16x24  frame  house  there  from  Mos- 
cow, which  was  the  first  shingle  roof  house  in  the 
town.  William  Brown  with  his  own  labor  put  up  a 
building  and  opened  the  pioneer  barber  shop.  C.  F. 
Burr  was  the  pioneer  real  estate  dealer  there  and 
George  Stelz  the  first  building  contractor.  All  are  still 
residents  of  Genesee.  The  first  school  was  established 
in  the  old  town  in  1879.  D.  Spurbeck,  Mr.  Mark- 
ham  and  William  Evans  were  the  first  board  of  direc- 
tors and  Mr.  Dent  was  the  teacher.  The  latter  was 
paid  $150  for  teaching  a  three  months'  term.  The  town 
was  incorporated  October  23,  1889,  with  the  following 
first  trustees:  J.  C.  Martin,  W.  C.  Cox,  W.  J.  Her- 
man, J.  J.  Owen  and  E.  S.  Cameron.  The  metes 
and  bounds  description  of  the  townsite  is  as  follows : 
Commencing  at  the  northeast  corner  of  the  northeast 
quarter  of  section  14,  in  township  37;  north  of  range 
5  west  of  Boise  meridian :  thence  running  south  3.300 
feet;  thence  west  half  a  mile;  thence  north  530  feet; 
thence  in  a  southwesterly  direction  1,520  feet;  them 
north  1810  feet;  thence  east  140  feet;  thence  non 
140  feet;  thence  east  1380  feet;  thence  north  uio.c 
feet;  thence  east  half  a  mile  to  place  of  beginnin^ 
The  city's  finances  are  and  have  ever  been  in  first- 
class  condition,  and  civic  improvements  have 


pace  with  the  steady  growth  of  the  town.  As  a  home 
city  Genesee  possesses  many  advantages.  Climatic 
conditions  are  almost  ideal.  Its  location  is  about 
2,200  feet  above  sea  level,  but  mountains  in  all  direc- 
tions keep  out  the  storms  and  cold  indigenous  to  less 
favored  regions  and  at  the  same  time  render  the  air 
absolutely  pure  and  wholesome.  The  population  is 
mixed,  consisting  of  large  settlements  of  Germans, 
Scandinavians,  Irish  and  native  born  Americans. 

The  public  schools  of  Genesee  are  among  the  best 
in  Idaho.  There  are  376  pupils  enrolled.  A  large 
school  house  was  built  in  May,  1891,  to  which  an  ad- 
dition was  made  ten  years  later.  Prof.  Hattzell  Cobb 
has  been  principal  of  the  schools  since  1894.  His  as- 
sistants are  Miss  Bessie  Wilson  of  the  grammar  de- 
partment ;  Mrs.  C.  Spurbeck.  third  grade ;  Mrs.  Mary 
Cool,  fourth  grade;  Miss  Lulu  French,  fifth  and  six 
grades,  and  Miss  Maud  Burdick,  primary  department. 
The  salaries  paid  are  $92.50  per  month  to  the  princi- 
pal, $55  in  the  grammar  grade,  $50  in  the  primary 
department  and  $47-5O  in  the  grades.  The  total  valua- 
tion of  public  school  property  is  $7,000.  A  private 
school  is  also  conducted  by  Sisters  of  the  Catholic 
church.  The  University  of  Idaho  and  the  normal 
school  of  that  state  and  the  Agricultural  College  of 
Washington  are  all  within  30  miles  of  Genesee  and 
readily  accessible  to  those  desiring  the  benefit  of 
higher  education.  The  Genesee  schools  are  in  charge 
of  the  following  board:  President,  Dr.  P.  S.  Beck; 
secretary,  Herman  Nebelsieck ;  William  Smolt,  Fred 
Nagel,  George  Mochel  and  Paul  Cann.  Genesee  is 
also  favored  in  the  matter  of  church  privileges.  It 
has  six  church  organizations,  each  of  which  owns  its 
own  edifice  and  whose  congregations  are  active  in 
religious  work.  The  pulpits  are  filled  by  able  men. 
These  churches  are  the  Catholic,  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  South,  Christian,  Congregational,  Norwegian 
Lutheran  and  German  Lutheran.  Sunday  schools 
and  the  various  young  peoples  religious  societies 
have  good  memberships.  Fraternal  and  social 
organizations  are  well  represented,  there  being 
prosperous  lodges  of  the  following  orders:  Ma- 
sons, Odd  Fellows,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Wood- 
men of  the  World,  Maccabees,  Red  Men,  Ar- 
canum, Rathbone  Sisters,  Rebekahs,  Ancient  Order 
of  Pyramids  and  Young  Men's  Institute.  There  is 
also  a  G.  A.  R.  post  with  the  following  officers: 
P.  C.,  J.  J.  Owen;  S.  V.,  Pat  Ryan;  J.  V.,  George 
Daggett.  and  adjutant.  J.  E.  Reed.  There  is  also  a 
Woman's  Relief  Corps.  An  excellent  weekly  news- 
paper, the  News,  has  aided  materially  in  the  growth 
of  the  city.  It  was  established  in  1889.  Charles 
Powers,  the  present  editor,  took  charge  in  1892.  From 
a  small  beginning  Mr.  Powers  has  built  up  an  excel- 
lent paper  and  has  a  first  class  equipment  to  handle 
all  kinds  of  printing.  The  paper  is  Republican  in 
politics. 

Genesee  derives  its  support  from  the  rich 
agricultural  and  horticultural  districts  surround- 
ing it.  Its  growth  has  been  coincident  with 
the  development  of  these  natural  resources.  The 
same  appearance  of  thrift  and  prosperity  which- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


characterizes  the  town  and  its  schools,  churches, 
handsome  residences  and  substantial  business 
structures  is  apparent  in  a  marked  degree  in  the 
country.  Nice  farm  buildings  are  the  rule  rather  than 
the  exception.  The  Gcnesee  valley  is  embraced  with- 
in the  eastern  part  of  the  famous  Falouse  district  and 
in  extent  and  production  easily  takes  first  rank.  The 
territory  tributary  to  Genesee  embraces  a  considerable 
area  of  the  best  lands  on  the  Nez  Perces  Indian  reser- 
vation. This  is  due  to  the  topography  of  the  country, 
a  long,  high  hill  on  the  north  and  deep  river  canyons 
to  the  east  and  south  acting  as  natural  barriers.  The 
country  is  rolling  but  nearly  all  is  capable  of  culti- 
vation" and  of  great  fertility.  The  lands  of  Latah 
county  produce  enormous  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  barley 
and  flax  and  almost  every  variety  of  tree  and  small 
fruits.  In  the  production  ot  apples  no  section  can 
excel  this  and  few  equal  it.  The  trees  bear  regularly 
and  are  loaded  with  fruit.  Size,  color  and  flavor  are 
perfect  and  make  them  in  great  demand  for  shipping. 
They  find  a  ready  demand  in  the  markets  of  Mon- 
tana and  further  east  and  at  remunerative  prices.  All 
kinds  of  vegetables  do  equally  well  with  the  fruits 
and  cereals.  Dairying  and  poultry  raising  are  sources 
of  great  revenue.  Of  late  stock  raising  has  been 
taken  up  and  with  such  success  that  it  is  growing 
to  be  an  important  industry. 

Natural  rainfall  is  sufficient  for  all  purposes.  Lit- 
tle rain  falls  from  June  until  September,  but  the 
spring  rains  have  never  failed  to  insure  bountiful 
harvests.  No  crop  failure  has  ever  been  known  in 
the  Genesee  valley.  The  farmer  expects  40  or  more 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre  as  his  right  and  is  not 
disappointed.  Sandy  soil  is  unknown;  so  is  waste 
land.  The  soil  is  a  rich  black  loam  of  volcanic  origin, 
lava  mixed  with  clay,  a  combination  which  30  years 
of  severe  trial  has  demonstrated  to  be  of  unrivalled 
productiveness  and  practically  inexhaustible  quality. 
It  covers  the  country,  a  mantle  of  fertility  from  18 
inches  to  six  feet  in  depth  even  to  the  tops  of  the 
highest  hills.  Every  parcel  of  land  for  miles  around 
can  be  cultivated  and  this  without  irrigation,  as  the 
great  capacity  of  the  soil  for  retaining  moisture  en- 
ables it  to  produce  and  mature  enormous  crops  even 
in  the  dryest  years.  For  all  the  diversified  products 
of  the  surrounding  country  Genesee  affords  an  excel- 
lent market.  Through  it,  annually,  1,500,000  bushels 
of  wheat,  large  quantities  of  hay,  fruit  and  vegetables 
are  shipped.  To  handle  these  shipments  there  are 

warehouse. 

Genesee  has  many  business  institutions,  all  of 
which  have  a  prosperous  and  growing  trade.  Its  two 
banks  are  among  the  leading  financial  institutions  of 
the  state.  The  First  Bank,  of  which  John  P.  Voll- 
mer  is'  president  and  P.  W.  McRoberts  is  cashier, 
has  resources  of  $1,000,000  and  was  established  in 
1892.  The  Exchange  National  Bank,  capital  $25,000 
and  with  $9,000  undivided  profits,  was  organized  in 
1897.  It  has  branches  in  Troy  and  Nez  Perces, 
Idaho.  E.  J.  Dyer,  president  of  the  Exchange  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Spokane,  is  president  of  the  institution 


and  Thos.  H.  Brewer  is  the  cashier.  It  owns  the  best 
safe  in  the  state,  a  Corliss  burglar  proof,  fitted  with 
a  Greenleaf  time  lock.  Among  the  pay  roll  institu- 
tions of  Genesee  are  two  flour  mills,  a  creamery,  and 
the  Genesee  brewery.  Follett  &  Knapp  run  one  of  the 
dour  mills  and  report  an  excellent  trade.  The  other 
mill,  which  has  an  elevator  and  two  warehouses  in 
connection,  is  owned  by  C.  P.  Porter  and  is  conducted 
with  ever  increasing  profit  by  E.  C.  Wood.  The  cream- 
ery since  it  was  established  a  few  years  ago  has  en- 
joyed a  profitable  growth.  There  is  a  ready  market 
for  the  product  at  good  prices.  The  output  is  being 
gradually  increased.  The  brewery  is  also  most  pros- 
perous. 

In  addition  to  his  interests  in  the  First  Bank  and 
his  ownership  of  several  large  warehouses  at  Genesee 
John  P.  Vollmer  is  the  owner  of  the  largest  general 
merchandise  store  in  the  town.  From  the  date  of  the 
organization  of  the  town  the  store  has  kept  pace  with 
the  growth  of  Genesee.  The  stock  carried  is  a  mam- 
moth one.  A  local  manager  is  in  charge,  Mr.  Voll- 
mer's  residence  being  at  Lewiston.  He  is  of  the 
wealthiest  and  most  progressive  citizens  of  Idaho  and 
has  diversified  interests  all  over  the  state.  W.  J, 
Herman,  the  pioneer  hardware  and  furniture  dealer, 
in  June,  1903,  disposed  of  the  hardware  stock  to  H. 
A.  Morgan,  who  is  continuing  the  business  as  the 
Cash  Hardware  store.  Mr.  Herman  retained  his 
furniture  business  and  carries  a  large  and  complete 
stock.  Mr.  Herman  has  always  been  prominently 
identified  with  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
town  since  its  incorporation  and  served  one  term  as 
mayor.  He  recently  erected  a  $5,000  business  struc- 
ture for  use  by  his  store.  Another  former  mayor 
and  pioneer  business  man  is  Jacob  Rosenstein.  He 
was  postmaster  of  the  old  town  in  1884-5  ar|d  moved 
lo  the  new  town  when  it  was  started.  He  has  in- 
creased his  stock  steadily  to  keep  up  with  growing 
business  until  today  he  has  one  of  the  largest  stocks 
of  general  merchandise  in  Latah  county.  Alexander 
&  Co.  also  have  a  large  general  merchandise  stock. 
The  business  was  established  in  1892  with  Joseph 
Alexander,  of  Lewiston,  J.  H.  Gaffney  and  Edwin 
London  as  partners.  They  built  a  large  iron  store 
building  which  they  occupied  until  1896,  when  they 
were  compelled  to  erect  their  present  large  two  story 
brick  building  to  accommodate  their  increased  busi- 
ness. The  iron  building  is  used  by  the  firm  for  stor- 
age purposes.  In  1896  George  H.  Hobson  bought 
out  the  business  of  the  Genesee  Mercantile  Company, 
which  he  has  since  been  conducting  with  much  profit 
as  the  Bee  Hive  store.  George  Stelz,  who  started 
first  in  1888  as  a  building  contractor,  has  been  con- 
ducting a  large  general  merchandise  store  since  1893 
on  Main  street.  R.  E.  Follett,  the  pioneer  harness 
maker,  is  still  in  business.  He  carries  a  large  stock 
and  still  makes  and  repairs  harness.  There  are  two 
excellent  drug  stores.  In  one  of  the  handsomest 
buildings  in  the  town,  Conant  &  Conant  have  a  store 
which  would  be  a  credit  to  a  city  many  times  the  size 
of  Genesee.  The  other,  the  Pioneer  Drug  Store,  was 
an  institution  of  the  old  town,  established  by  Cox 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


619 


&  Hoclgins,  from  whom  T.  Kennedy,  the  present  man- 
ager, bought  the  business  in  1888.  The  store  carries 
a  complete  line  of  drugs  and  druggist  sundries.  Fol- 
lett  Bros.,  who  have  been  in  business  many  years, 
carry  a  complete  line  of  groceries,  confectionary  and 
stationery.  Driscoll  &  Thomas  opened  up  in  business 
in  1898,  buying  out  the  Bressler  &  Scroggins  hard- 
ware stock  and  have  met  with  great  success.  George 
Jamieson,  who  built  the  first  blacksmith  shop  in  the 
old  town,  is  in  the  same  business  in  the  new  city. 
Another  pioneer  is  Henry  Nebelsieck,  a  tailor  who  is 
still  in  business.  He  is  secretary  of  the  school  board. 
The  leading  hotels  of  the  city  are  the  Genesee  house, 
conducted  by  O.  F.  Surby,  which  caters  particularly 
to  the  traveling  trade,  and  the  Grand  Central  hotel, 
run  by  F.  A.  Robinson.  Both  supply  comfortable 
lodging  and  excellent  meals.  Other  prosperous  busi- 
ness enterprises  include  the  following:  The  Fair, 
F.  A.  Marquardsen,  proprietor;  Cash  Bargain  store, 
Guillen  &  Co.,  proprietors ;  John  Meyer,  dealer  in 
farm  implements:  T.  Driscoll,  dealer  hi  barbed  wire, 
etc. ;  James  K.  Bell,  hardware,  harness,  implements, 
etc.:  City  meat  market,  Fred  Nagel.  proprietor;  Miss 
K.  E.  Bon?  &  Co.,  millinery;  William  Smolt,  cigar 
factory  and  dealer  in  cigars  and-  tobacco;  W.  L. 
Biram",  drayman;  William  Hickman,  livery  barn; 
George  Stelz,  undertaker;  George  L.  Mochel,  livery 
barn:  Home  bakery,  Kemp  &  Stadler,  blacksmith; 
Rees  Pickering:,  real  estate  and  insurance;  Genesee 
bakery  and  restaurant,  William  Brown,  barber  shop; 
Clarence  Jain,  barber:  Star  and  Monarch  saloons. 
The  professional  field  is  well  represented.  Among  the 
physicians  are  Dr.  R.  S.  Beck,  the  former  mayor; 
Dr.  H.  T.  Smith,  Dr.  W.  H.  Ehlen,  Dr.  J.  L.  Conant, 
Jr.,  and  Dr.  W.  C.  Cox.  The  dentists  include  Dr. 
C.  A.  Follet  and  Dr.  J.  L.  Hayes.  Among  the  at- 
torneys are  Hans  Bugge,  who  makes  a  specialty  of 
land  office  practice  and  who  is  secretary  of  the  cham- 
ber of  commerce,  and  P.  W.  McRoberts. 

The  present  town  board  consists  of  the  following: 
Mayor,  Dr.  J.  L.  Conant,  J.  K.  Bell,  C.  E.  Wood, 
W/M.  Thompson,  D.  Scharnhorst;  clerk,  C.  F.  Burr, 
who  is  also  justice  of  the  peace,  and  treasurer,  F.  A. 
Bressler,  who  is  vice  president  of  the  Exchange  Na- 
tional Bank.  Among  the  postmasters  of  the  town 
have  been  E.  R.  Wiswell,  who  was  succeeded  in  1897 
by  J.  J.  Owen,  who  held  the  office  until  recently. 
Airs.  Owen  is  now  postmistress. 

The  future  of  Genesee  appears  bright.  Conditions 
which  have  brought  it  up  from  a  small  village  to  a 
thriving  prosperous  town  will  continue  to  all  to  its 
growth  and  importance.  With  the  greater  develop- 
ment of  its  tributary  territory  will  come  a  correspond- 


Fifteen  years  ago  the  present  town  site  of  Troy 
was  known  as  Huff's  Gulch.  It  was  a  deep,  dark  can- 
yon, so  densely  covered  with  forest  growths  that  the 
sun's  rays  only  penetrated  to  the  net  work  of  under- 
brush in  occasional  spots.  Only  the  feet  of  the  ven- 


turesome  hunter  or  those  of  his  prowling  foe  had  ever 
trod  the  winding  trails  of  the  canyon  or  clambered  up 
its  rocky  slopes.  As  soon  would  one  have  thought  of 
building  a  town  on  the  precipitous  sides  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  as  in  this  dismal,  inaccessible  canyon.  But 
towns  are  not  always  built  in  the  fittest,  most  desira- 
ble locations.  The  new  town  sprang  into  existence  in 
1890,  under  the  name  of  Vollmer,  called  for  John  P, 
Vollmer,  who  was  instrumental  in  bringing  the  North- 
ern Pacific  railroad  through  the  Palouse  country  to 
Lewiston. 

In  July.  1890,  A.  T.  Spottswood,  Fred  Veach,  I. 
C.  Hattabaugh  and  H.  Hamlin,  of  Moscow,  knowing 
that  the  railroad  ran  down  Huff's  gulch  and  realizing 
that  there  would  be  need  of  a  supply  point  at  this  dis- 
tance from  Moscow,  purchased  from  J.  W.  Seat  the 
quarter  section  of  land  on  which  the  town  is  now  situ- 
•ated  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  formed  a  town- 
site  company  and  platted  the  town.  Later  J.  W.  Seat 
and  John  P.  Vollmer  became  interested  in  the  com- 
pany. Spottswood  and  Veach  erected  the  first  store 
building,  leasing  the  same  to  W.  H.  Smith  for  two 
years  at  fifty  dollars  per  month.  Mr.  Smith  at  once 
put  in  a  stock  of  general  merchandise.  J.  W.  Seat 
built  a  sawmill  and  also  a  store  building,  became 

Vollmer  was  incorporated  April  19,  1892,  and  the 
following  citizens  were  appointed  trustees :  S.  A.  An- 
derson, A.  H.  Charles,  P.  J.  Scallon,  F.  H.  Finsen,  L. 
Moore.  A  description  of  the  original  townsite  is  as 
follows :  Commencing  at  the  northwest  corner  of  the 
south  half  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  section  seven; 
thence  running  east  on  a  line  between  the  north  half 
and  the  south  half  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  sec- 
tion seven,  250  feet  to  a  point  where  said  line  inter- 
sects with  the  center  of  Chesnut  street;  thence  south- 
east on  a  line  through  the  center  of  said  street  to  a 
point  where  the  center  of  said  street  intersects  the  cen- 
ter of  Eighth  avenue;  thence  southwest  to  a  point 
where  said  avenue  intersects  with  the  line  between  the 
south  half  and  the  north  half  of  the  southwest  quar- 
ter of  section  seven;  thence  west  on  said  line  to  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  north  half  of  the  southwest 
quarter  of  section  seven;  thence  north  on  township 
line  to  place  of  beginning,  as  per  recorded  plat  of  the 
Town  of  Vollmer ;  and  also  beginning  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  lot  four  in  section  seven,  thence  running 
south  40  rods  on  a  line  between  the  southeast  quarter 
and  the  southwest  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  of 
section  seven ;  thence  west  80  rods  on  a  line  between 
the  south  half  and  the  north  half  of  the  southwest  quar- 
ter of  the  southwest  quarter  of  section  seven,  thence 
north  40  rods  on  township  line  to  the  southwest  cor- 
ner of  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter 
of  section  seven;  thence  east  80  rods  on  a  line  be- 
tween the  northwest  quarter  and  southwest  quarter  of 
the  southwest  quarter  of  section  seven  to  point  of 
beginning,  being  part  of  Daniels  addition  to  Vollmer, 
al!  of  the  above  described  land  being  in  township 
thirty-nine  north,  range  three  west  of  the  Boise  me- 

At  an  election  held  September  6,  1897,  to  change 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


the  name  the  result  was  as  follows:  For  the  name 
"Troy"  29  votes,  for  the  name  "Vollmer"  9  votes.  It 
appearing  that  the  name  Troy  received  a  two-thirds 
vote,  the  Board  of  Commissioners  on  Sept.  13,  1897, 
ordered  that  the  name  of  the  corporation  be  changed 
from  the  "Town  or  Village  of  Vollmer"  to  the  "Town 
or  Village  of  Troy." 

The  present  board  of  trustees  consists  of  O.  A. 
Johnson,  Olaf  Olson,  chairman,  William  Duthie,  E.  E. 
Jolly,  F.  H.  Christie,  B.  S.  Nelson,  clerk,  August  John- 

Among  the  pioneer  merchants  who,  realizing  the 
rich  and  varied  resources  of  the  country  surrounding 
the  town  and  the  bright  prospects  in  store  for  it,  in- 
vested their  money  in  goods  and  opened  stores  of  gen- 
eral merchandise,  were :  W.  H.  Smith,  who  started  the 
first  store  in  1891 ;  T.  H.  Christie,  who  built  and  opened 
the  second  store  in  1892,  and  O.  A.  Johnson,  whose 
business  was  established  in  1893.  It  was  probably 
about  this  time  that  Vollmer  of  the  M.  &  M.  Co.  in- 
stituted the  saw  mill  which  was  recently  sold  to  Watt  & 
Bussong  of  Sprague,  Washington.  Two  saw  mills 
were  erected  in  1892  by  J.  W.  Seats  and  Vincent  & 
Boe,  both  on  the  creek  out  of  the  town.  Even  in  these 
early  days  the  public  spirit  of  the  town  was  indicated 
by  the  sustaining  of  two  vigorous  newspapers,  both 
Republican  in  politics.  The  Vedette,  edited  by  T.  E. 
Edmondson,  was  established  in  1891.  The  Vollmer 
News,  now  known  as  the  Troy  News,  began  publi- 
cation in  1894,  Charles  Moody,  editor.  He  was  fol- 
lowed in  succession  by  J.  C.  Peterson,  A.  G.  Greer, 
John  E.  Hoffman  and  J.  C.  Peterson.  The  present 
editor  and  owner  is  B.  S.  Nelson. 

The  pioneer  school  house  was  built  in  1893.  It  is 
now  a  prosperous  institution  with  an  enrollment  of 
190  pupils.  The  school  board  consists  of  T.  H.  Chris- 
tie, Olaf  Olson  and  Mr.  Greenstreet.  Three  teachers 
are  employed  at  present,  viz :  Prof.  T.  O.  Green,  prin- 
cipal, Miss  Antoinette  Halverson,  intermediate  depart- 
ment, at  a  salary  of  $45.00  per  month,  and  Miss  Alta 
Cole,  primary  department  at  a  salary  of  $45.00  per 
month.  The  school  grounds  are  located  in  section 
thirty-one  which  belongs  to  the  State  University.  An 
addition  is  promised  to  the  school  building  this  sum- 
mer. The  property  is  valued  at  $1,800. 

On  February  I,  1893,  a  serious  fire  occurred  at 
Troy,  involving  a  total  loss  of  $24,000.  Lieuallen  & 
Lestoe's  loss  alone  footed  $10,000  on  which  there  was 
some  insurance.  Erickson  &  Company's  loss  on  their 
building  was  $10,000. 

Again  on  a  Saturday  night  early  in  June,  1893,  Troy 
was  visited  by  another  disastrous  fire.  Starting  in  the 
drug  store  of  C.  W.  Vail,  it  was  soon  beyond  control 
of  the  firemen.  Everything  in  the  block  was  burned 
with  the  exception  of  the  Vollmer  Milling  and  Mercan- 
tile Company's  store,  which  was  saved  by  the  great 
efforts  of  the  fire  department,  whose  equipment  con- 
sisted of  an  old  fashioned  engine  operated  by  eight 
men  and  with  which  water  was  pumped  from  the  creek 
some  distance  away.  Losses  sustained  were  as  fol- 
lows :  C.  W.  Vail,  $2,600 ;  Johnson  Lumber  Mill  Com- 
pany, $300;  H.  E.  Jacobson,  $700;  Dr.  Butler,  $250. 


Buildings  and  goods  were  partly  insured.  The  block 
was  soon  rebuilt  and  business  resumed  by  former  oc- 
cupants. 

A  little  over  a  year  ago,  this  thriving  little  village 
had  less  than  300  inhabitants.  Today  it  boasts  a  popu- 
lation of  500  and  is  building  up  rapidly,  a  number  of 
new  houses  being  now  in  course  of  construction. 

Troy  rejoices  in  an  equable  climate,  experiencing 
no  extremes  of  heat  or  cold.  Situated  about  12  miles 
from  Moscow,  on  the  Spokane-Lewiston  branch  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  Troy  comes  within  the 
famed  agricultural  territory  of  the  Palouse  country 
whose  rich  soil  of  black  loam,  ranging  in  depth  from 
one  to  six  feet,  yields  bountiful  productions  of  grains 
of  all  kinds  and  fruits  of  all  varieties,  for  which  is 
found  good"  market,  both  at  Moscow  and  in  the  mining 
camps  of  the  Cedar  mountains.  What  are  known 
as  the  "Canyon  lands"  contain  valuable  timber,  pine, 
fir,  cedar  and  tamarack.  On  these  lands,  too  rough  for 
cultivation  stock  graze  for  several  months  in  the  year 
without  other  feed  or  care. 

The  present  business  directory  of  tne  city  includes : 
L.  D.  Strahl,  J.  P.  Vollmer,  T.  H.  Christie  and  O.  A. 
lohnson,  who  conduct  stores  of  general  merchandise; 
C.  A.  Sullivan  and  Reitman,  meat  markets;  confec- 
tioners and  cigar  store  ;  Miss  Anna  Kuntzer,  milliner  ; 
Jno.  H.  Bolton  and  O.  Olson,  hardware;  Mr.  Olson 
is  also  postmaster;  drug  store,  Dr.  Nest  and  Alex 
Charles;  the  Troy  Boarding  House,  Jno.  Peterson, 
proprietor;  and  Hotel  Reitman:  jewelry  stores,  J.  F. 
Knott  and  Eric  Anderson;  blacksmiths,  John  Simp- 
kins  and  B.  J.  Strickling;  livery  stable,  Shepherd  & 
Stoops ;  two  barbers,  Hays  Brothers  and  A.  F.  Hegge ; 
Dr.  Olson,  physician;  Scott  Ogden,  attorney-at-law. 
There  is  a  local  and  long  distance  telephone  exchange ; 
a  water  system  is  under  discussion.  The  Bank  of  Troy 
has  a  capital  of  $25,000,  E.  J.  Dyer,  president;  Fred 
K.  Bressler,  vice-president ;  Thos.  H.  Brewer,  cashier. 
It  was  established  March  I,  1891.  Scott  Bergen 
is  engaged  in  the  real  estate  and  insurance  business,  as 
are  also  Alex  Olson  and  Ogden  &  Greear.  M.  Ber- 
gerson  and  W.  C.  Reitman  are  interested  in  buildings 
and  lots,  owning  considerable  property.  J.  A.  Bjork- 
lund  deals  in  farm  implements;  E.  E.  Cooper  sells 
Hour,  feed,  wood  and  posts ;  there  are  four  warehouses 
for  grain  storage,  owned  by  Tolly  Bros.,  Tacoma  Gran- 
ite Co.,  W.  C.  Reitman  and  William  Duthy.  A  cold 
storage  plant  accommodates  farmers  in  storing  their 
fruit;  the  Jacobson  Mill  began  cutting  lumber  in 
April  of  this  year;  D.  A.  \Vood  owns  a  saw  mill. 
The  steam  roller  process  flour  mill,  owned  by  J.  D. 
jolly  &  Co.,  is  of  great  advantage  to  the  town  :ind 
convenience  to  the  farmers,  as  an  immense  amount 
of  grain  is  milled  here  and  shipped  out  as  flour.  It 
has  a  capacity  of  40  barrels  per  day.  The  mill  is  located 
at  the  forks  of  Bear  creek,  just  below  town.  Lodges 
and  churches  are  exceptionally  well  represented  in  this 
place,  there  being  three  churches,  the  Swedish  Luth- 
eran, the  Methodist  and  Christian,  and  six  lodges:  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  K.  of  P.,  W.  of  W.,  M.  W.  A.,  \eoman, 
and  Women  of  Woodcraft,  all  of  which  have  a  good 
membership. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Centrally  located,  the  headquarters  and  nearest 
supply  point  for  the  white  pine  belt  which  extends 
across  the  famous  Potlatch-St.  Mary's  region  to  the 
St.  Joe  river,  Troy  will  soon  out-class  many  of  the 
larger  and  older  towns  of  the  Palcuse  country. 

JULIAETTA. 

Juliaetta  is  a  thriving  town  of  about  500  copulation 
on  the  Spokane  and  Lewiston  branch  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  railway,  about  20  miles  from  Lewiston.  It 
is  beautifully  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Pothcch 
river  amid  the  wooded  hills,  which  add  to  its  healthful- 
ness  and  picturesqueness.  It  receives  its  support  from  a 
wide  range  of  excellent  agricultural  lands,  on  which 
large  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  flax,  hay  and  fruit  are 
raised  each  year.  The  town  was  founded  and  platted 
by  R.  Schupfer,  who  in  1878  filed  on  a  quarter  section 
of  land  there.  The  home  he  built  in  the  improvement  of 
his  farm  is  about  one-quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  pres- 
ent business  center  of  town.  In  1882  Mr.  Schupfer 
opened  the  first  general  merchandise  store.  Charles 
Snyder,  a  pioneer  rancher  in  that  vicinity,  succeeded 
in  having  a  postoffice  established  on  his  farm,  which  he 
named  Juliaetta,  in  honor  of  his  daughters,  Julia  and 
Etta  Snyder.  Later,  when  Mr.  Snyder  moved  his 
store  and  postoffice  to  the  present  town  the  name 
Juliaetta  attached  to  the  village.  Later  Mr.  Snyder 
built  the  first  hotel  there,  the  Snyder  house,  which  is 
now  known  as  the  Grand  Central.  In  1885  N.  B. 
Holbrook,  attracted  by  the  excellent  water  power, 
established  the  pioneer  flour  mill.  It  is  still  in  opera- 
tion by  Mr.  Holbrook  and  his  son  and  the  product  is 
shipped  as  far  as  Portland  and  San  Francisco.  In 
early  days  the  only  transportation  was  by  stage  to 
MOSCOW.  In  the  winter  of  1890-91  the  railroad  reached 
Juliaetta.  John  P.  Vollmer  and  Chief  Engineer  Han- 
sen  of  the  road  were  given  a  half  interest  in  the  town- 
site  for  bringing  the  railroad.  The  grade  between 
Juliaetta  and  Troy  is  160  feet  to  the  mile.  With  the 
advent  of  the  iron  horse  the  village  began  to  take  on 
size  and  importance. 

April  19,  1892,  the  town  was  incorporated  with  the 
following  trustees :  Charles  Snyder,  Jr.,  Rupert  Schup- 
fer, H.  Nichols,  T.  R.  Carithers  and  F.  P.  Zeigler. 
The  description  of  the  townsite  follows:  Beginning 
at  the  point  where  the  south  line  of  section  9,  township 

37,  north  range  3  west  of  Boise  meridian  intersects 
the  big  Potlatch  river ;  thence  running  in  a  northeast- 
erly direction  along  the  county  line  to  where  said  coun- 
ty line  intersects  the  middle  line  of  section  34,  township 

38,  north   range   3    west   of   Boise   meridian;   thence 
north  to  the  center  of  said  section;  thence  west  one 
mile ;   thence  south   one-half  mile ;  thence   west   one- 
half  mile ;  thence  south  one-half  mile ;  thence  east  one- 
fourth  mile;   thence   south   one  mile;   thence   east  to 
place  of  beginning.     Lately  an  addition  of  40  acres 
has   been   made   to   the  townsite   under   the  name   of 
Yineland. 

The  first  school  was  a  frame  structure  called  Har- 
mony hall.  It  was  built  in  1885  right  on  the  banks 


of  the  river.  January  10,  1900,  when  warm  rains  and  a 
Chinook  wind  brought  on  a  freshet,  the  school  was 
washed  away.  That  same  high  water  washed  out  a 
number  of  bridges  along  the  stream,  carried  away  the 
mill  dam  and  did  great  damage  to  the  railroad  grade. 
Last  year  a  fine  new  school  house  was  erected  at  a 
cost  of  $3,000.  The  present  enrollment  of  pupils  is 
about  130,  but  this  number  is  expected  to  be  increased 
to  175  by  fall.  This  will  require  the  construction  of  an 
addition  of  two  rooms  to  the  building.  The  school 
board  consists  of:  President,  N.  B.  Holbrook;  sec- 
retary, H.  N.  Smith,  and  treasurer,  F.  J.  Fox.  Mrs. 
Mattie  E.  Headington,  formerly  county  superintendent, 
is  in  charge  of  the  schools.  The  qther  teachers  are 
Miss  Flora  Waite  and  Miss  Sophia  Schupfer.  Four 
churches  are  represented  in  the  town.  The  Catholic 
and  Presbyterian  congregations  own  neat  structures. 
Services  are  also  regularly  held  by  pastors  of  the 
German  Lutheran  and  United  Brethren  denominations. 
Secret  societies  and  fraternal  orders  are  represented  by- 
lodges  of  Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  Rebekahs,  Knights 
of  Pythias,  Woodmen  of  the  World  and  Star  of  Beth- 
lehem. 

The  abundant  water  power  of  the  Potlatch  river 
is  used  to  some  extent.  The  stream  there  flows  swiftly 
in  a  narrow  channel,  affording  easily  developed  power 
for  all  demands  which  may  be  placed  upon  it  by  future 
industrial  enterprises.  The  Holbrook  flour  mill,  where 
is  manufactured  the  celebrated  brand  of  flour,  "Pride 
of  the  Potlatch,"  is  operated  by  power  derived  from 
the  stream.  A  new  sawmill  has  just  started  up  at 
a  location  three  miles  above  the  town  on  the  river. 
The  lumber  yard,  which  will  have  a  capacity  of  1,000,- 
ooo  feet,  will  be  on  Main  street  in  the  town.  The  en- 
tire output  of  this  mill  for  some  time  to  come  will 
be  required  to  meet  the  demand  in  Juliaetta  and  vicin- 
ity, caused  by  the  construction  of  many  new  buildings. 
A'  brickyard  is  also  in  operation  and  finds  a  ready 
market  for  its  product.  Seven  wagon  roads  run  from 
Juliaetta  up  the  hills  to  the  farming  ridges  surround- 
ing the  town.  There  are  four  grain  warehouses.  One 
of  these  is  at  the  flour  mill.  Lawrence  &  Porter,  grain 
buyers  and  bankers,  own  the  others.  One  of  them 
is  situated  at  the  top  of  the  hill  on  the  edge  of  the 
grain  growing  plateau.  This  is  connected  with  an 
elevator  on  the  town  level  by  an  aerial  tramway  for 
lowering  the  grain.  This  same  firm  conducts  a  private 
banking  business.  There  are  two  excellent  and  pros- 
ducted,  respectively,  by  Fox  &  Debaum  and  by  Kite 
&  Shull.  Both  carry  large  stocks.  J.  G.  Redberg 
has  a  large  store  devoted  to  hardware,  stoves  and  im- 
plements. H.  G.  Schabbel  has  a  well  supplied  furni- 
ture stock.  Other  stores  and  business  men  include  the 


1885-86,  druggist;  B.  N.  Trout,  dry  goods  and  no- 
tions; J.  L.  Whitted,  barber:  Trout  &  Roberts,  paint- 
ers and  paper  hangers;  Star  Meat  market,  wholesale 
and  retail,  W.  C.  Joslin,  manager;  I.  X.  L.  Stables, 
S.  T.  Dunlap,  proprietor;  B.  F.  Bowers,  shoes  and 
millinery ;  Henry  Kennedy,  blacksmith ;  Dr.  G.  A.  Mc- 
Kay, optician ;  T.  J.  Stephens,  blacksmith ;  E.  Mertha, 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


meat  market;  Dr.  J.  C.  Waite,  physician;  Dunlap  & 
McKay,  real  estate.  There  are  two  excellent  hotels, 
the  pioneer  hostelry,  the  Grand  Central,  conducted  by 
Mrs.  Wm.  Kalke,  and  the  Palace  hotel,  occupying  a 
new  brick  structure,  and  run  by  Taylor  &  Fox.  The 
town  boasts  of  a  first  class  weekly  newspaper.  It  is 
Republican  in  politics.  The  publication  was  started 
Feb.  5,  1903,  as  the  Register  by  D.  T.  McMackintosh 
and  H.  W.  Weber,  of  Kendrick.  Under  the  manage- 
ment of  W.  A.  Turner,  local  editor,  a  bright,  readable 
publication  is  being  issued  and  is  helping  wonderfully 
in  attracting  people  to  the  town  and  developing  its 
resources. 

Juliaetta  has  every  reason  to  expect  a  bright  future. 
With  the  development  of  the  agricultural  and  horti- 
cultural regions  surrounding  it  the  town  is  sure  to 


)t  needed.     The  present 


wiiii  success,  iiiigcuiuii  is  HUC  necueu.  i  ne  present 
town  trustees  are  Chairman  E.  W.  Porter,  S.  T. 
Dunlap,  Daniel  McGlinn,  John  Whitted  and  J.  G. 
Rheberg.  B.  N.  Trout  is  clerk.  Mr.  Dunlap  is  also 


justice  of  the  peace.     The  town  officials  are  activ 
assisting  the   upbuilding  of   the  town.     At   a   recent 
rdinance    was   passed  providing   for  the 
er  system,  for 
franchise. 


establishing  and  maintenance  of 
which  a  company  has  asked  a  50  ye 


CHAPTER   IV. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


— "  Tis  the  land  that  lies 

'Neath  the  summer  skies 

In  the  heart  of  the  happy  hills." 

The  hills  of  the  Palouse  have  a  charm  for  all  who 
see  them  in  their  glory  of  grain  and  hay  fields ;  of 
groves  and  orchards  sloping  up  their  sides  or  outlined 
against  the  sky  on  their  rounded  tops ;  of  villages  and 
cities  with  their  terraced  and  shaded  lawns  and  beau- 
tiful homes.  There  is  no  land  where  the  summer  sun 
paints  and  decks  more  lavishly  than  in  this  well  favored 
country.  Latah  county  lies  in  the  southeastern  por- 
tion of  what  is  known  as  the  Palouse  country.  Its 
northern  half  is  drained  by  the  Palouse  river  and  its 
tributaries,  the  main  stream  rising  in  Township  42, 
range  2  west  of  Boise  meridian.  The  South  Palouse 
river  also  rises  in  Latah  county  a  few  miles  north- 
east of  Moscow.  This  and  Paradise  creek  are  the 
principal  streams  which,  with  their  confluent  branches, 
drain  what  is  known  as  Paradise  valley.  The  streams 
of  the  Genesee  valley  are  Cow  creek,  Thorn  creek  and 
the  sources  of  the  Little  Potlatch,  the  two  former 
flowing  south  and  west  into  the  Snake  river,  and  the 
latter  flowing  southwest  to  a  junction  with  the  main 
Potlatch.  The  main  stream  of  the  Potlatch  country 
is  the  Potlatch  river,  the  east  and  west  forks  of  which 
rise  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.  Tributaries  of 
this  river  from  the  north  are  Little  Potlatch,  Middle 
Potlatch,  Bear  creek,  Pine  creek,  Hog  Heaven  creek 
and  smaller  streams ;  from  the  east  Cedar  creek,  Elder 
creek  and  Ruby  creek.  The  area  of  Latah  county  is 
1.080  square  miles.  It  lies  between  parallels  46^  and 
47  north  latitude,  the  4/th  parallel  intersecting  its 


irregular  northern  boundary.  The  iijth  meridian  of 
longitude  west  of  Greenwich  passes  east  of  Moscow. 
About  one-third  of  the  county  on  the  east,  northeast 
and  north  is  very  heavily  timbered'  with  white  and 
}tllow  pine,  cedar,  fir  and  tamarack.  Within  the 
county  limits  the  Potlatch  Lumber  Company  owns 
42,674  acres  of  deeded  timber  lands  and  39,480  acres 
of  timber  purchased  from  the  state,  from  which  the 
company  is  allowed  twenty  years  to  remove  the  tim- 
ber. These  82,154  acres  have  been  valued  this  year 
for  assessment  at  $251,000.  Outside  the  holdings  of 
this  company,  the  remainder  of  the  lands  oi  the  county 
both  timbered  and  agricultural,  are  .owned  mostly  by 
resident  occupants,  either  as  unimproved  homesteads  or 
timber  claims  or  as  improved  farms  and  stock  ranches. 
In  many  parts  of  the  county  are  valuable  mineral  de- 
posits. In  another  portion  of  this  work  will  be  found 
the  early  and  late  mining  history  of  the  county.  That 
these  mines  will  some  day  be  worked  with  profit  there 
is  no  doubt.  At  the  present  time  transportation  facil- 
ities are  lacking  in  some  locations,  in  other  localities 
improved  methods  and  machinery  are  needed  and  in 
all  sections  there  is  a  lack  of  capital  that  will  some 
day  be  supplied,  and  when  that  time  comes  mining  will 
become  one  of  the  leading  industries  of  Latah  county. 
The  mean  annual  precipitation,  rain  and  melted 
snow,  ranges  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  inches,  accord- 
ing to  elevation  and  proximity  to  the  mountains.  With 
this  precipitation  distributed  to  every  month  of  the 
year  crops  seldom  suffer  from  lack  of  "moisture.  While 
there  is  only  a  slight  precipitation  during  July,  August 
and  September,  cultivated  crops  will  thrive  and  grain 
crops  do  not  suffer. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


623 


The  mean  temperature  of  summer  is  not  too  high 
for  comfort  and  yet  is  high  enough  to  bring  a  rapid 
development  in  all  farm  crops  adapted  to  this  region. 
Severe  thunder  storms,  cyclones  and  tornadoes  are  un- 
known. Severe  wind  storms  seldom  occur  and  are 
never  known  to  have  done  any  considerable  damage  to 
property.  Extremes  of  heat  and  cold  are  unknown. 
The  soil  does  not  freeze  to  any  considerable  depth  in 
the  fields.  Vegetables,  such  as  carrots,  potatoes  and 
parsnips,  remain  in  the  ground  all  winter  with  little 
danger  of  injury  from  frost.  Snow  falls  to  the  depth 
of  six  to  fifteen  inches ;  but  seldom  remains  more  than 
four  weeks,  except  in  the  higher  and  timbered  por- 
tions of  the  country  where  the  inhabitants  enjoy  sev- 
eral weeks  of  good  sleighing  each  winter.  Plowing  and 
seeding  is  often  continued  in  the  farming  sections 
until  Christmas,  and  again  taken  up  in  February  and 
March  for  spring  crops. 

The  winters  are  tempered  by  the  chinook  winds, 
and  settlers  rely  more  upon  these  winds  in  the  spring 
than  upon  the  rains  to  precipitate  the  snows  from  the 
higher  altitudes  and  take  the  frost  from  the  soil. 
We  have  been  fortunate  in  securing  from  the  weather 
bureau  at  Portland  a  scientific  explanation  of  the  Chi- 
nook winds,  which  we  reproduce  as  follows : 

The  term -"Chinook  wind"  had  its  origin  from  the  tribe 
of  Chinook  Indians  (now  almost  extinct,  but  which  was 
very  strong  and  powerful  some  sixty  to  seventy-five  years 
ago),  that  had  its  home  in  the  southwestern  portion  of  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Columbia  river.  Local  historians  relate  how 
the  northwest  wind  in  the  winter  season,  being  the  harbinger 
•  of  fair  weather,  was  called  by  the  trappers  at  Astoria  "the 
wind  from  over  Chinook  camp." 

As  the  trappers  scattered  to  the  east  of  the  Cascades,  they 

ually  assumed  the  name  of  Chinook  wind.  It  was  so  named 
from  its  niiklne».  resembling  to  an  extent  the  mild,  balmy 
wind  from  over  Chinook  camp.  As  the  trappers  spread 


. 
of   the    United    Stat 

"Chinook  wind,"  until  the  term  becoming 
accepted  by  meteorologi 


nally 


is  disclosed  by  r 


Montana 


Chi 


st  and 

f  the  military  telegraph  lines  in 
fact  that 
winds  of 


n  Washington  and  Oregon,  is  due  the  fa 
was   first  applied   to  the   w 


Montana.    The  operators  or  observers  employed 

graph  lines  used  die  local  common  name  applied  to  the  wind 

The  name  was  thus  first  applied  to  the  wind  in  Montana, 
and  yet  to  a  large  extent  some  meteorologists  are  of  the 
opinion  that  the  Chinook  winds  are  only  east  of  the  Rocky 

southerly1  winds  in  winterto  tL'w^'of'the  Rocky  Mountains! 
As  the  term  had  its  origin  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
really  to  the  west  of  the  Cascades,  the  writer  maintains  that 
the  term  "Chinook  wind"  can  be  and  is  properly  applied  to 
the  warm  southerly  winds  of  winter  west  of  the  Rocky  and 
Cascade  Mountains.  The  Chinook  is  more  readily  observed 

temperature  and  the  rapid  and  marked  rise  produced  by  the 
Chinook,   thongB    marked    rises    in    temperature    west   of   the 
of  the  Cascade  Mountains  are  frequently  ob- 


Rocky 
463!° 


"Warm,  dry,  westerly,  or  northerly  winds,  occurring  on  the 

at  any  hour  of  the  day,  and  continuing  from  a  few  hours  to 
several  days."  This  definition  is  perfectly  correct  so  far  as  it 
goes ;  but  the  writer's  idea  of  the  definition  of  a  Chinook  is : 


southwest,  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  from  the  south- 
west, west,  or  northwest,  to  the  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
beginning  at  any  hour  of  the  day  or  night,  and  continuing 

accord  with  the  causes  which  produce  these  warm  winds  and 
agrees  with  the  original  application  of  the  term  as  understood 
by  those  who  originated  or  created  it. 

Chinook  winds,  according  to  the  writer's  definition  of  the 
term,  only  occur  under  one  kind  of  atmospheric  condition, 
and  without  this  connection  Chinooks  are  impossible. 

Preceding  a  Chinook,  by  from  two  to  six  days,  an  area 
of  low  barometric  pressure  is  along  the  Washington  and  Ore- 

below  zero.  The  position  of  these  two  opposite  atmospheric 
conditions  produces  north  to  east  winds  over  Idaho,  Wash- 
ington, and  Oregon,  and  the  temperature  decreases  and  snow 

Montana,  and  sometimes  to  the  west  of  the  Cascades.  At  the 
end  of  about  thiee  days  the  high  pressure  moves  southeast- 
ward to  the  Northern  Mississippi  Valley,  thence  to  the  Great 
Lakes  and  on  eastward.  When  the  high  pressure  begins  to 
move,  the  low  pressure  along  the  coast  advances  northward 
to  about  the  5Oth  degree  north  latitude  ;  thence  along  that 
parallel,  or  near  to  it,  across  British  Columbia  and  Saskatch- 
ewan ;  thence  towards  the  Great  Lakes.  Coincident  with  the 

there  appears  along  the  Central  California6  Coasf  an^area^of 

east  and  northeastward  to  Northeastern  Nevada,  Northern 
Utah,  and  Southern  Idaho,  where  it  becomes  central  by  the 
time  the  low  pressure  is  moving  eastward  over  British  Co- 
lumbia. The  low  pressure  on  the  north  and  its  passage  east- 

Lake.  to  the  low.    These  are  the  conditions'  from  which  a  Chi- 


. 
nook  r 


ults. 


Many  persons, 
winds,  are  of  the 
the  Japan  Gulf  c 


eside 


ts  of  the  country  affected  by  Chinook 
that  they  come  from  the  warmth  of 
but  such  is  not  the  case.  Chinooks 


utlined  above. 


Situated  as  Latah  county  is,  almost  at  the  foot  of 
the  magnificent  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains,  nature  seems 
to  have  made  of  the  whole  section  of  the  country  of 
which  it  is  a  part  a  veritable  earthly  paradise,  for 
here  the  breezes  from  the  mountains  sweep  across  the 
hills,  bringing  in  their  embrace  an  invigorating  tonic 
that  gives  renewed  energy  and  a  wealth  of  health  to  all 
animal  life  and  to  plant  life  as  well. 

In  soil  as  well  as  in  climate  Latah  county  has  much 
to  contribute  to  the  natural  resources  of  the  northwest. 
The  study  of  the  soil  of  the  county  is  of  rare  interest 
to  both  student  and  agriculturist.  The  Latah  county 
hills  and  valleys  are  different  from  those  seen  anywhere 
else  in  this  country.  The  hills  are  gradual  in  ascent, 
with  the  tops  gently  rounded.  There  is  nothing  abrupt 
or  bluffy  about  them.  Another  stranee  fact  is  that  the 
hilltops  are  richer  than  the  valle>s.  The  Palouse 
country  appears  to  have  been  formed  by  the  wind 
or,  as  it  may  be  termed,  the  zeolian  process  of  nature. 
This  is  where  the  entire  country,  hills  and  valleys, 
is  formed  by  the  wind  carrying  particles  and  depositing 


624 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


them.  Aeolian  is  sometimes  very  fine,  sometimes 
course,  but  in  the  same  section  it  is  always  of  the  same 
fineness.  The  particles  of  dust  being  carried  forward 
by  the  wind,  the  heaviest  naturally  fall  first.  It  is 
in  this  way  that  the  desert  sections  are  formed.  The 
finer  particles  of  dust  may  be  carried  hundreds  of 
miles  further  than  the  coarser  ones,  and  when  they 
are  deposited,  make  rich  and  practically  inexhaustible 
soil.  This  is  the  nature  of  the  soil  in  Latah  county. 
It  is,  as  all  know  who  have  closely  examined  it,  very 
fine,  very  soft  and  absolutely  free  from  grit.  Another 
reason  for  believing  that  the  soil  here  is  of  wind  forma- 
tion is  this  :  In  a  country  formed  by  the  action  of  water 
the  hills  will  often  have  a  hollow  on  top,  which  is 
sometimes  filled  with  water.  Examples  of  these  nill- 
top  lakes  are  quite  common  in  the  west.  There  is 
only  one  other  place  in  the  world  where  there  is  a  soil 
similar  to  that  of  the  Palouse  country,  and  that  is  in 
northern  China  in  the  provinces  of  Shanshi  and  Shen- 
shi,  which  lie  to  the  west  of  Pekin.  The  soil  of  China 
is  remarkably  fertile,  and  although  it  has  been  culti- 
rated  and  cropped  for  over  four  thousand  years,  it 
remains  to  this  day  unchanged.  Scientists  who  have 
carefully  studied  the  problem,  basing  their  estimates  on 
the  extent,  durability  and  productiveness  of  the  soil, 
sav  that  fully  one  hundred  times  as  many  people  can 
be'  well  and'  comfortably  supported  in  the  Palouse 
country  as  now  live  here.  Another  characteristic  of 
the  soil  of  Latah  county  is  the  small  amount  of  rain- 
fall needed  to  grow  and"  mature  crops.  This  is  due  to 
the  compositon  of  the  soil.  It  is  a  volcanic  ash  having 
the  peculiar  property  of  tenaciously  holding  moisture 
and  giving  it  up  as  needed  by  vegetation  during  the 
growing  season.  The  rolling  lands  of  the  county  fur- 
nish ideal  conditons  for  drainage  and  yet  the  soil  does 
riot  erode  or  wash  as  in  those  sections  where  it  is 
composed  of  drift.  After  a  rain  in  Latah  county  the 
farmer  does  not  go  out  to  see  how  long  and  deep  are 
the  "gullies"  down  the  hillsides  of  his  fields  of  growing 
grain. 

Scientists  have  not  explained  to  us  how  the  ancient 
winds  formed  these  hills  nor  shall  we  attempt  to  in- 
form the  reader.  We  know  the  mountain  ranges  were 
thrown  up  by  subterranean  disturbances  and  that  the 
level  plains  and  many  of  the  level  valleys  were 
smoothed  out  by  the  action  of  mighty  glaciers  from  the 
north ;  but  of  the  action  of  the  winds  that  rounded  the 
hills  of  the  Palouse  country  we  can  only  speculate,  and 
in  the  light  of  common  knowledge  that  a  straight  wind 
would  not  likely  perform  such  a  wonderful  work  we 
may  naturally  suppose  that  the  winds  of  the  formative 
period  had  ways  mysterious  and  peculiar  to  the  at- 
mospheric conditions  of  the  age  in  which  they  blew. 

Americans  laugh  at  the  ignorance  of  Europeans 
concerning  this  marvelous  land,  but  is  it  not  just  possi- 
ble that  the  "American  ignorance  of  America"  is  quite 
as  fruitful  a  subject  for  mirth?  There  is  truly  a  dense 
ignorance— north  and  south —  of  the  north  in  regard 
to  the  south  and  of  the  south  in  regard  to  the  north. 
However,  the  great  Civil  war  was  a  wonderful  school- 
master for  both  of  these  sections  of  the  United  States. 
Quite  as  inexcusable  is  the  ignorance  of  the  east  in 


regard  to  the  west.  Half  of  the  world,  a  mighty  hemis- 
phere, incomparable  in  grandeur,  incomputable  in 
wealth  and  illimitable  in  possibilties,  lies  west  of  the 
average  eastern  geography.  What  they  are  pleased 
to  term  in  derision  the  "wild  and  woolly  west"  is  in 
reality  the  section  where  are  found  the  fields  of  grains 
and  grasses,  orchards,  vineyards  and  gardens,  prairies 
and  pastures  with  countless  flocks  and  herds,  forests 
of  timber,  quarries  of  stone,  mines  of  gold,  silver,  cop- 
per, iron,  lead,  coal  and  mica  that  contribute  almost 
exclusively  to  the  wealth  and  comfort  of  the  east. 
Almost  in  the  center  of  this  mighty  westland  lies  the 
state  of  Idaho.  Its  resources,  possibilities  and  develop- 
ment are  quite  the  same  as  those  of  her  sister  states, 
with  this  great  exception  that  Idaho  possesses  more 
natural  resources  and  them  in  greater  abundance  and 
riper  and  fuller  measure.  Idaho  has  more  timber  than 
Michigan,  can  raise  greater  crops  of  cereals  than  Iowa 
per  acre;  can  produce  better  and  cheaper  pork  than 
Kansas,  has  a  better  climate  even  than  California. 

A  spirit  of  unrest  pervades  the  east.  Scores  and 
hundreds  are  taking  to  themselves  that  sage  advice 
of  Horace  Greeley :  "Go  west,  young  man."  "West- 
ward ho !"  is  the  rallying  cry  of  the  investor,  the  busi- 
ness man  and  the  homeseeker.  Almost  countless  num- 
bers have  determined  to  cast  their  fortunes  with  the 
country  of  boundless  resources  and  prospects  and  come 
west.  Nature  has  strewn  rich  things  and  tempting 
opportunities  all  over  this  section,  but  to  certain  parts 
more  lavish  has  she  been  with  her  benefactions.  This 
is  true  to  a  marked  degree  of  the  famous  Palouse 
country,  of  which  Latah  county  is  a  prominent  part. 
Here  the  soil  is  the  richest  and  most  productive  in  the 
United  States;  here  crop  failures  are  unknown;  here 

equable.  It  is  a  country  practically  without  any  win- 
ter, without  thunder  and  lightning,  without  tornadoes 
or  cyclones,  and  where  sunstrokes  are  unknown. 

Latah  county  is  nearly  in  the  productive  center  of 
the  Palouse  country.  More  acres  of  tillable  land  are 
found  within  its  borders  than  within  those  of  any 
other  county  in  the  commonwealth.  When  a  crop  is 
matured  it  can  be  harvested  without  fear  of  constant 
rains  rotting  it  in  shock  or  stack.  There  is  no  govern- 
ment land  in  the  county.  All  grazing  and  agricultural 
lands  are  in  actual  use  and  occupancy.  Yields  of 
grain  and  fruit  are  so  large  that  the  tenderfoot  can 
hardly  believe  their  reports,  even  when  they  are  backed 
up  by  the  national  department  of  agriculture.  Neither 
can  they  be  blamed  for  their  incredulity.  In  1891 
Idaho  had  the  highest  average  wheat  yield  of  any  state 
in  the  union  according  to  government  reports.  In 
many  of  the  eastern  agricultural  states  where  wheat 
was  formerly  the  chief  crop  the  soils  have  become  ex- 
hausted, but  the  wheat  lands  of  Latah  county  stand 
ready  to  rescue  the  country  from  a  bread  famine.  Their 
yield"  has  steadily  increased  under  cultivation  and  the 
wheat  has  steadily  improved  in  quality.  The  govern- 
ment crop  reports  show  that  the  average  yield  of  the 
I'alouse  country  has  advanced  from  17.7  bushels  per 
acre  during  the  three  years  1892-94  to  more  than  25 
bushels  since  1899.  A  comparison  for  the  same  period 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


625 


shows  a  decrease  from  14.6  bushels  in  Michigan  to 
nine  bushels,  from  15.7  to  10.3  bushels  in  Indiana, 
and  other  similar  reductions  in  Illinois,  Ohio  and  Cali- 
fornia. The  remarkable  increase  in  the  Palouse  coun- 
try yield  is  doubtless  due  in  part  to  the  larger  rain- 
fall following  a  wider  cultivation,  but  nevertheless  the 
figures  bear  striking  testimony  to  the  strength  of  the 
soils  and  indicate  the  endurance  that  may  be  expected 
from  them  under  a  proper  rotation  of  crops.  To  show 
the  value  of  this  soil  as  a  permanent  resource,  the  most 
authoritative  statistics  are  those  given  in  the  year  book 
of  the  department  of  agriculture  for  1901.  Take  the 
three  most  important  grains  and  these  records  show 
that  in  wheat  the  Palouse  yield  per  acre  was  29.1 
bushels  and  the  general  average  for  all  states  was 
15  bushels;  in  barley  the  yield  was  the  largest  in  the 

with  general  average  of  25.6  bushels  for  the  whole 
country,  and  in  oats  the  district  also  leads  all  districts 
of  the  union  with  an  average  of  39.58  bushels  as 
against  a  general  average  of  26.87  bushels  per  acre 
for  all  the  states.  These  figures  are  ten  years'  averages. 
The  same  methods  of  comparisons  applied  to  other 
agricultural  products,  including  fruits  and  vegetables, 
would  give  results  equally  satisfactory.  The  depart- 
ment reports  the  average  yield  of  potatoes  in  this  dis- 
trict in  1902  at  136  bushels  per  acre,  while  the  average 
for  the  entire  country  was  only  94.5  bushels.  The 
Palouse  average  for  the  ten  years  from  1892  to  1901 
was  124  bushels,  and  that  for  the  whole  of  the  United 
States  was  75.9.  If  carried  out  to  the  production  of 
fruits  the  same  test  would  without  doubt  be  still  more 
favorable  to  the  soils  of  this  district,  for  they  contain 
mineral  salts  essential  to  successful  fruit  culture  that 
are  found  in  equal  abundance  in  no  other  state  of  the 
union.  These  official  returns  justify  the  claim  that 
in  no  other  part  of  the  world  does  farming  find  a  more 
substantial  and  enduring  basis  in  the  fertility  of  the 
native  soils. 

The  character  of  the  country  in  Latah  county  is  at 
first  a  surprise.  Knowing  its  reputation  as  a  grain 
producing  district  one  expects  to  find  level  prairie 
lands.  Instead  he  sees  a  succession  of  long,  softly  roll- 
ing hills  and  high  bench  lands,  separated  by'  deep 
gorges  in  which  the  principal  streams  run.  These  are 
the  agricultural  lands  and  comprise  the  western  and 
southern  portions  of  the  county.  To  the  north  and 
east  are  the  forests.  Here  are  found  what  timbermen 
claim  are  the  finest  bodies  of  white  pine  and  cedar  yet 
standing  in  the  United  States.  A  railroad  route  has 
been  surveyed  to  these  timber  lands  from  Moscow, 
which  line  will  be  built  as  soon  as  the  lumbermen  begin 
operations.  Some  of  the  largest  timber  companies  of 
Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota  have  made  large 
investments  in  these  timber  lands  and  will  begin  to 
operate  in  the  near  future.  The  rolling  prairie  lands 
are  all  under  thorough  cultivation.  Of  the  soil  much 
has  already  been  written,  but  no  writer,  however  pro- 
lific in  style  or  diction;  no  scientist,  however  learned 
in  chemical  analysis,  nor  farmer,  however  rich  in  ex- 
perience or  in  the  knowledge  of  soils,  is  able  to  de- 
scribe this  wonderful  fertility  as  do  the  fields  of  waving 


grain,  the  berry  patches,  and  the  orchards,  or  the  fat 
hogs,  cattle  and  horses  that  roam  the  hills  all  silent 
but  none  the  less  impressive  testimonials  of  the  land 
of  milk  and  honey  to  which  the  aboriginal  has  attached 
the  name  of  Palouse. 

The  water  supply  is  natural,  unlimited  and  easily 
obtained.  The  hill  tops  are  as  fertile  as  the  valleys. 
Everywhere  the  soil  is  inexhaustible  in  its  fertility 
even  under  methods  of  farming  that  in  older  states 
would  justly  be  deemed  unscientific  and  shiftless.  Many 
farms  in  the  sections  earliest  settled  have  been  cropped 
continuously  in  wheat  for  20  years  or  more  without 
the  use  of  a  fertilizer,  and,  notwithstanding  this  was- 
wasteful  agriculture,  these  same  farms  are  still  pro- 
ducing from  25  to  40  bushels  to  the  acre.  This  Pa- 
louse  country  is  the  only  one  known  where  three  or 
four  crops  of  wheat  are  sometimes  harvested  from 
one  sowing.  In  one  instance  from  a  single  sowing  a 
farmer  harvested  37  bushels  to  the  acre  the  first  year, 
30  bushels  the  second  year,  20  bushels  the  third  year 
and  nearly  12  bushels  the  fourth  season.  Four  years' 
harvests  of  golden  grain,  amounting  to  99  bushels  per 
acre,  from  a  single  sowing ! 

Nor  is  this  all.  The  seasons  are  conducive  to  good 
health  as  well  as  to  abundant  crops.  To  the  north  the 
timbered  hills  and  the  mountains  form  a  bulwark 
against  the  cold  winds.  From  the  south  and  west 
come  the  balmy  breezes  of  the  ocean  up  the  Columbia 
river  valley.  Off  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  where 
ihe  Japanese  current  makes  its  westward  turn  in  the 
Pacific  ocean,  the  famous  Chinook  wind  originates. 
This  mild,  warm  wind,  moisture  laden,  blows  inland 
and  tempers  the  climate  for  hundreds  of  miles.  In 
winter  this  sarrie  warm  wind  sometimes  travels  far  into 
Montana  and  the  Dakotas,  and  under  its  warmth  winter 
snows  melt  visibly.  Many  feet  cf  snow  are  melted 
in  a  few  hours.  This  evidences  the  strange  power  of 
this  most  unique  wind,  whose  influence  for  good  ex- 
tends over  a  wide  territory.  In  the  Palouse  the  rains 
fall  gently,  without  driving  winds,  and  the  hillsides  do 
not  wash.  The  cool  nights  of  the  summer  always 
insure  the  rest  required  to  the  day's  labor  and  no 
matter  how  warm  may  be  the  sunniest  day  the  nights 
require  a  blanket  covering  to  insure  comfortable  sleep. 
The  winters  are  short  and  not  severe.  Any  time  in  the 
winter  the  eastern  tourist  may  find  herds  of  stock  and 

the  open  and  subsisting  only  on  the  bunch  grass  of  the 
hills  and  the  strawstacks  of  the  wheat  fields,  a  condi- 
tion found  impossible  in  other  sections  of  the  United 
States  of  similar  altitude. 

Farming  in  Latah  county  has  been  relieved  of 
much  of  its  unpleasantness  by  the  use  of  modern  and 
cheaper  methods.  A  leading  grain  grower  has  pro- 
duced figures  to  show  that  he  raises  wheat,  threshed 
and  in  warehouse,  at  an  average  expense  of  not  to  ex- 
ceed 15  cents.  This  is  done  by  making  use  of  labor- 
saving  machinery.  There  are  no  boulders  or  "nigger 
heads"  to  contend  with,  so  gang  plows  pulled  by  eight 
and  ten  horses  are  used.  Gang  harrows,  pulled  by 
as  many  horses  and  driven  by  a  man  rid- 
ing horseback  are  also  used.  When  harvest 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1 

:r 


•time  conies  the  labor  of  five  men  is  done 
•by  one,  for  combine  machines  are  used,  drawn 
by  sixteen  and  2O  horses.  These  machines  start 
through  the  fields  of  waving  grain  and  in  their  wake 
wheat  sacked  is  left.  The  machine  cuts  the  heads  from 
the  grain,  threshes  and  conveys  the  cleaned  berries 
into  sacks  which  are  sewed  and  dropped  from  time 
to  time.  Any  person  knowing  of  the  usual  methods  of 
grain  growing  can  readily  estimate  the  saving  the  use 
of  this  plan  makes  over  the  old  style. 

In  past  years  the  principal  agricultural  industry- 
lias  of  course  been  the  growing  of  cereals,  but  with 
the  opening  of  markets  for  stock,  garden  truck  and 
fruit  there  has  come  a  change  in  methods.  The  larger 
farms  are  being  divided  into  smaller  tracts,  fruit 
trees  are  being  set  out  more  extensively  and  thousands 
of  acres  are  being  put  into  meadow  every  year  while 
a  number  of  those  who  were  formerly  engaged  only 
in  grain  growing  are  now  engaged  in  fine  stock  rais- 
ing. Large  herds  of  registered  Shorthorns  and  Here- 
fords  and  droves  of  Berkshire,  Poland  China,  Duroc, 
Jersey  and  Tamworth  hogs  can  be  found.  A  summing 
up  of  the  products,  agricultural  and  otherwise,  of  this 
rich  country,  indicates  its  diversity  of  natural  re- 
sources. Wheat  yields  from  30  to  60  bushels  per 
acre  and  commands  a  cash  market.  Oats  yield  as 
high  as  80  bushels  per  acre  and  weigh  about  36 
pounds  to  the  bushel  and  the  crop  is  in  demand. 
Barley  yields  about  60  bushels  per  acre  of  fine  quality, 
well  adapted  for  brewing  purposes  as  well  as  for 
feeding.  Flax  is  an  abundant  producer  and  yields 
from  20  bushels  per  acre  up  and  never  sells  for  less 
than  $i.  Rye  makes  a  good  crop  and  is  disposed  of 
in  the  local  market.  Buckwheat  farming  has  been  tried 
sufficiently  to  establish  it  as  a  standard  crop.  Fifty- 
bushels  per  acre  is  an  average  season.  Speltz,  the 
new  rival  of  the  feed  cereals,  has  been  grown  here 
experimentally,  and  has  shown  the  phenomenal  result 
of  85  bushels  per  acre.  Hay  finds  a  ready  maiket  at 
prices  from  $10  per  ton  upwards.  White  beans  are  a 
good  money  crop.  In  vegetables  there  is  no  class 
which  does  not  beat  every  eastern  record  for  quantity 
and  quality.  Potatoes  will  produce  400  bushels  to  the 
acre,  carrots  30  tons  per  acre,  cabbages  make  big 
solid  heads,  and  artichokes  do  well.  Sugar  beets  pro- 
duce immense  crops  and  the  product  shows  a  greater 
percentage  of  saccharine  matter  than  is  to  be  found 
in  like  products  of  any  other  locality.  All  manner 
of  garden  truck  grows  to  perfection.  From  the  days 
when  William  Taylor,  Silas  Imbler  and  Joseph  How- 
ard set  out  the  first  orchards  and  the  trees  came  into 
bearing  the  fruit  of  this  favored  country  has  enjoyed 
an  ever  increasing  fame.  Fruit  from  here  won  the 
first  prize  at  the  World's  fair  at  Chicago.  Every- 
where it  is  shipped  it  attracts  the  purchasers  and  the 
quality  and  flavor  establish  a  permanent  market.  Fruit 
is  shipped  regularly  in  season  to  the  states  of  the 
middle  west  and  Montana  and  brings  most  remunera- 
tive prices.  The  Palouse  leads  California  for  apples, 
pears,  prunes  and  cherries  in  quality  of  the  product  and 
bearing  capacity  of  the  trees.  The  orchards  show  a 
vigorous,  healthy  growth  and  begin  bearing  at  four 


years.  If  not  taken  care  of  the  trees  will  break  down 
under  their  loads.  An  orchard  can  be  started  any- 
where in  the  county  and  it  will  thrive.  The  winter 
apple,  "the  big  red  apple  of  the  Palouse,"  is  the  most 
favored  fruit  owing  to  its  excellent  flavor  and  keeping 
qualities.  The  demand  for  that  product  has  always 
exceeded  the  supply.  Of  small  fruits  the  blackberry, 
raspberry  and  currant  are  great  yielders  with  a  fine 
local  market  at  good  prices.  Through  the  tendency 
to  diversified  farming,  stock  is  gradually  being  in- 
creased. Blooded  cattle,  hogs  and  sheep  are  to  be 
found  on  every  thrifty  farmer's  place.  There  are  no 
animal  diseases  to  bother  and  all  thrive.  They  can  be 
raised  cheaply  and  bring  high  prices  at  all  times. 
Chickens,  ducks  and  geese  find  a  ready  iiome  market. 
Eggs  never  go  below  10  cents  and  often  in  winter  are 
quoted  in  markets  as  high  as  60  cents,  with  never  a 
supply  in  excess  of  the  demand.  Dairying  is  a  grow- 
ing industry  and  a  profitable  one.  The  Moscow  cream 
station,  which  started  June  i,  1901,  the  first  month 
paid  $315  to  14  farmers  for  cream.  In  June,  1902, 
89  men  were  selling  cream  there  and  were  paid  $2,515 
that  month.  Estimates  show  returns  from  $5.60  to 
$7  per  cow  for  June,  1902.  The  great  crops  of  tame 
grasses,  especially  of  red  clover,  the  food  of  all  foods 
for  the  dairy,  makes  this  location  especially  desirable 
lor  creameries.  The  fall  pasturage  in  the  clover  fields 
runs  well  into  December  in  the  ordinary  years.  In 
the  few  months  when  it  is  desirable  to  have  other 
crops  than  clover  and  grass  to  feed,  the  demand  is 
met  with  corn,  millet,  rye,  rape,  sorghum,  peas  and 
soy  beans,  which  produce  abundantly. 

Latah  county  was  created  May  14,  1888.  Its  west- 
ern boundary  is  the  state  line  between  Idaho  and 
Washington.  North  of  Latah  is  Kootenai  county,  and 
south  of  it  is  Nez  Perces  county.  Shoshone  county 
lies  to  the  east.  In  1900  the  number  of  acres  of  pat- 
ented land  was  347,316,  valued  at  $1,725,224,  and  total 
assessed  valuation  of  all  property  in  the  county  was 
$4,011,387,  being  the  second  county  in  the  state  in 
wealth.  The  stock  statistics  for  1900  show  1,105 
horses,  2,004  head  of  cattle  and  5,027  sheep.  There 
are  35.85  miles  of  railroad  in  the  county,  the  lines 
represented  being  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Oregon 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company.  There  are  three 
leading  farming  districts.  These  are  the  Paradise 
Valley,  as  the  country  about  Moscow  is  called;  the 
Potlatch  country  and  the  Genesee  valley.  The  Moscow 
country  consists  of  the  magnificent  valley  formed  by 
the  south  Palouse  river  and  Paradise  creek.  In  the 
I'otlatch  country  the  Potlatch  river,  with  its  many 
branches,  and  Bear  creek  are  the  streams.  In  the 
Genesee  country  Cow  creek  is  the  chief  strea 
cow  is  the  county  seat.  The  other  important  towns  in 
the  county  are  Genesee,  Juliaetta,  Kendrick  and  Troy. 
There  are  five  smaller  villages.  Throughout  the  county, 
as  well  as  in  the  towns  and  villages,  are  excellent 
schools  and  churches.  The  bulk  of  population  is  in 
the  southern  and  western  part  of  the  county.  To  the 
north  and  east  are  the  vast  timbered  areas,  which  when 
cleared  of  their  present  forest  will  also  become  rich 
agricultural  lands. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


627 


It  is  difficult  to  procure  accurate  statistics  on  the 
crop  products  of  Latah  county  for  the  reason  that 
much  of  them  are  shipped  from  Washington  railroad 
points,  but  a  few  miles  away.  For  instance,  in  1902 
Latah  county  products  shipped  from  Palouse  City, 
Washington,  are  estimated  as  follows :  Oats,  80,000 
bushels ;  wheat,  40,000  bushels ;  hay,  3,000  tons ;  ap- 
ples, six  carloads ;  potatoes,  three  carloads. 

The  Paradise  valley,  or  Moscow  country,  produces 
all  of  the  crops  mentioned  heretofore  and  in  abundance. 
Grain  and  hay,  of  course,  are  the  chief  products,  but 
fruits  are  exported  in  quantities  and  the  live  stock  in- 
dustry in  that  district  is  an  important  and  increasing 
source  of  wealth.  Shipments  from  Moscow  for  the 
year  1901  included  759  carloads  of  grain,  chiefly  wheat ; 
105  carloads  of  hay,  most  of  which  was  timothy ;  56 
carloads  of  different  varieties  of  fruits,  in  which  apples 
predominated ;  and  20  cars  of  live  stock.  All  of  these 
shipments  brought  most  remunerative  prices.  The 
1002  shipments  were  proportionately  greater  in  all  lines 
and  the  future  promises  a  steady  and  prosperous 
growth  in  exports. 

Southeast  of  the  Moscow  country  lies  the  famous 
Potlatch.  Draw  a  circle  with  a  radius  of  seven  miles 
from  Kendrick  and  you  include  the  territory  known 
as  the  Potlatch  emp'ire,  being  about  evenly  divided 
between  the  counties  of  Latah  and  Nez  Perces.  No- 
where are  people  more  favored  than  those  of  the 
Potlatch,  with  its  rolling  fields  of  rich,  black  soil  and 
invigorating  climate.  The  gentle  zephyrs  that  steal 
across  the  hills  to  kiss  the  waving  fields  of  grain  are 
purified  and  scented  by  occasional  belts  of  tapering 
pines  that  stand  as  barricades  to  moderate  the  hot 
winds  and  allow  him  who  toils  to  reap.  Less  than  20 
years  ago  the  hardy  pioneer  drove  his  team  across 
these  hills  in  search  of  a  better  land  rather  than  take 
these  rolling  prairies,  that  now  annually  blossom  with 
the  luxuriant  crops  that  have  made  this  section  famous. 
The  Potlatch  knows  no  crop  failure  and  her  people 
appreciate  the  fertility  of  its  soil.  But  little  more 
than  ten  years  ago  the  whistle  of  the  iron  horse  first 
broke  the  sombre  stillness  of  these  hills  and  prairies 
to  furnish  the  transportation  facilities  for  the  ship- 
ment of  her  produce  to  the  markets  of  the  world. 
The  thrift  and  energy  of  the  people  soon  asserted  it- 
self and  the  fields'  that  once  fed  bands  of  cattle  were 
transformed  into  waving  fields  of  grain.  In  the  spring- 
time the  scene  on  the  various  ridges  is  one  of  unusual 
splendor  with  the  fields  robed  in  green  stretching  out 
to  the  distant  foothills. 

The  climate  is  exceptional.  High  hills  protect  from 
the  winds.  The  summers  are  delightful.  The  days 
from  twilight  to  sunset  lengthen  to  about  16  hours. 
With  the  going  down  of  the  sun  a  refreshing  breeze 
blows  across  the  country  to  fan  the  brow  of  the  weary 
toiler.  The  winters  are  free  from  severe  blizzards,  so 
common  to  other  parts  of  the  country,  and  last  only 
from  eight  to  ten  weeks.  Mountain  ranges  protect  it 
from  the  chilling  blasts  from  the  north,  while  the  warm 
southwest  winds  sweep  across  the  country,  melting  the 
snows,  which  soak  into  the  soil  for  the  summer  moist- 
ure. Here  is  where  the  man  who  toils  may  sleep  with 


nights  are  e 


r  cool  and  re- 


comfort,  for  the  s 
freshing. 

Almost  through  the  middle  of  the  Potlatch  country 
flows  the  Potlatch  river,  one  of  the  branches  or  feed- 
ers of  the  Clearwater.  Emptying  into  the  Potlatch 
from  the  north  are  a  number  of  small,  clean  streams. 
These  streams  flow  through  gulches  which  divide  the 
country  into  what  are  known  as  die  Potlatch,  Ameri- 
can, Big  Bear,  Little  Bear,  Texas,  Fix  and  Cedar 
Creek  ridges.  These  ridges  are  considered  the  most 
valuable  agricultural  and  horticultural  lands  of  the 
north.  The  section  has  been  hidden  to  some  extent 
by  the  large  amount  of  advertising  given  to  other 
parts  of  the  northwest,  but  it  has  needed  little  more 
than  the  practical  demonstration  of  its  possibilities  to 
give  it  proper  prestige  among  the  farming  sections  of 
the  country.  Fanners  who  have  come  to  this  district 
from  other  parts  of  the  United  States  and  who  have 
seen  with  their  own  eyes  what  it  will  grow  on  its  fertile 
fields  have  lost  no  time  in  selling  their  eastern  places 
to  take  up  their  abode  in  a  region  where  a  clause 
guaranteeing  success  can  almost  be  incorporated  in 
the  deeds  of  conveyance.  Here  is  a  section,  of  which 
tli  ere  are  few  in  the  far  west,  where  corn  will  grow 
both  for  the  table  and  for  feeding  purposes.  Ears  12 
r.nd  14  inches  are  the  usual  lengths.  In  much  of  the 
upper  country  the  nights  are  too  cold  for  the  proper 
maturing  of  corn,  but  here  the  nights  are  neither  hot 
nor  cold  but  seem  to  maintain  an  even  temperature 
that  develops  the  growth  not  only  of  this  cereal  but  of 
all  others. 

Wheat  here  grows  to  a  height  of  five  feet,  carrying 
some  of  the  largest  heads  that  can  be  found  anywhere, 
with  firm,  large  berries.  Potlatch  wheat  has  a  repu- 
tation se«ond  to  none.  It  is  first  sold  on  the  market 
because  of  its  fine  grade  and  early  harvest.  A  Pot- 
latch  farmer  received  at  the  World's  fair  at  Chicago 
a  gold  medal  for  having  the  finest  wheat  grown  in  the 
world,  which,  when  considered,  is  an  astounding  show- 
ing for  a  small  district  far  off  in  the  west.  Oats  yield 
here  the  largest  crops  of  any  part  of  the  state  or  of 
the  world  and  grow  tall  and  luxuriant.  Timothy  grows 
six  feet  tall  with  heads  12  inches  long,  while  alfalfa 
with  its  immense  yields  without  irrigation  testifies  to 
the  adequate  moisture  contained  in  the  soil,  which  is 
the  foundation  for  the  successful  growing  of  all  vegeta- 
tion. Flax  will  run  on  an  average  over  25  bushels  to 
the  acre  of  a  special  grade  that  brings  an  extra  high 
price.  Tobacco  does  well,  as  experiments  have  proved, 
but  has  not  been  raised  commercially  as  yet. 

The  fruits  of  the  Potlatch  country  have  a  national 
reputation.  Apples  that  are  a  credit  to  any  community 
are  shipped  out  in  quantities  and  form  a  conspicuous 
)art  of  the  wealth  of  the  country.  Last  spring  8,000 
boxes  of  these  apples,  which  had"  been  stored  from  the 
previous  harvest  in  warehouse  at  Kendrick,  were  re- 
packed and  shipped.  The  loss  from  wither  and  rot 
from  the  time  the  fruit  was  first  stored  was  shown  to 
be  less  than  two  per  cent.,  which  is  considered  a  re- 
markable showing,  even  for  Potlatch  apples,  which  are 
noted  for  their  keeping  qualites.  These  apples  grow 
large  and  reel  and  possess  a  flavor  which  brings  for 


HISTORY  'OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


them  the  highest  prices  in  the  eastern  and  middle 
western  markets.  Some  of  these  apples  won  the  first 
prize  at  the  Chicago  fair.  There  is  such  a  demand  for 
this  fruit  that  it  is  no  common  thing  for  buyers  to 
purchase  the  fruit  on  the  trees.  One  orchard  of  no 
acres  of  six-year-old  trees  produced  a  crop  for  which 
a  buyer  paid  $8,000  on  the  trees,  and  such  instances 
are  not  uncommon.  Cherries  that  compare  favorably 
with  the  California  product  in  size  and  flavor,  are 
shipped  in  quantities.  All  the  small  fruits  thrive  and 
produce  in  abundance.  Strawberries  two  inches  in 
diameter  are  common  and  are  solid  and  sweet  to  the 
center  and  juicy  as  can  be  wished.  They  lose  nothing 
in  flavor  by  reason  of  their  immense  size,  an  acre  of 
strawberries  netting  the  owner  $200  often,  and  under 
favorable  circumstances  and  careful  cultivation  often 
producing  more.  Grapes  do  excellently  and  vineyards 
of  large  size  are  being  planted.  At  a  Spokane  fruit 
fair  one  year  a  grape  grower  of  the  Potlatch  made 
an  exhibit  from  his  vineyard  which  was  an  object 
lesson  to  all  who  saw  it.  From  the  department  of  agri- 
culture he  secured  colored  pictures  of  two  varieties 
of  grapes,  showing  the  ideal  bunch  of  those  varieties 
of  the  fruit.  He  framed  these  pictures  and  beside 
them  in  his  exhibit  he  suspended  two  bunches  of 
grapes  he  had  grown  in  his  vineyard.  In  size,  shape 
and  coloring  the  Potlatch  fruit  showed  up  better  than 
the  ideal  picture. 

Vegetables  of  all  the  usual  varieties  are  cultivated 
and  yield  abundantly.  These  products  find  a  ready 
market  in  the  towns  and  in  the  markets  of  the  trib- 
utary and  mining  districts.  Dairying,  live  stock, 
poultry  and  kindred  pursuits  affiliated  with  agricul- 
ture are  engaged  in  to  some  extent  and  "oring  excellent 
returns.  Greater  attention  is  being  pai^  to  these 
branches  of  late  as  their  possibilties  are  becoming  bet- 
ter known  and  as  the  markets  for  the  products  are 
increasing.  Lumbering  is  already  an  important  in- 
dustry and  promises  to  become  a  source  of  immense 
wealth.  The  great  forests  lie  along  the  streams  just 
to  the  north  and  east  of  the  Potlatch  country.  As  the 
timber  is  cut  the  logs  are  floated  down  the  streams 
to  the  railroad  shipping  points  in  the  Potlatch  country. 
Here  there  is  abundant  water  power  available  and 
mills  are  established  to  turn  the  logs  into  lumber  and 
this  lumber  is  then  placed  on  the  railroad  cars  to  be 
transported  to  market.  The  three  saw  mills  on  Pot- 
latch  creek  above  Kendrick  have  about  2,000,000  feet 
of  logs  in  their  boom.  Another  mill,  five  miles  up- 
stream has  900,000  feet,  and  another  mill  further  up 
the  creek  has  400,000  feet  of  logs  for  sawing.  There 
are  two  other  mills  in  the  district.  Others  will  be 
established  ere  long  as  lumber  is  in  great  demand. 

Three  lively  towns  divide  the  trade  of  the  Potlatch 
country.  Kendrick  is  the  largest  of  these.  By  reason 
of  its  location  in  the  center  of  the  district  and  the 
further  fact  that  the  natural  contour  of  the  country 
makes  it  easier  to  haul  products  to  it  than  to  other 
shipping  points,  it  has  become  the  metropolis  of  the 
Potlatch,  a  position  it  seems  destined  to  maintain. 
Juliaetta,  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  Potlatch,  has 
an  excellent  and  prosperous  tributary  country,  while 


Troy  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  district  also  en- 
joys a  large  and  rapidly  increasing  trade. 

"  The  towns  of  the  Potlatch  countrv  are  situated 
hundreds  of  feet  below  the  level  of  the  grain  producing 
ridges,  in  the  canyons  of  Potlatch  river  and  Bear 
creek,  through  which  is  built  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad.  While  there  are  many  good  wagon  ro; 
built  from  the  town,  up  ,<to  the  farms,  the  grades  ; 
sleep,  too  steep  for  ordinary  use  in  hauling  grain' and 
other  products  to  the  railroads  for  shipment.  In 
getting  grain  clown  to  the  warehouses,  tramways  o 
inclined  cable  roads  on  various  plans  are  used.  Ware 
houses  are  built  both  at  the  tracks  of  the  railroad 
company  and  at  the  upper  end  of  the  inclined  way  foi 
the  convenience  of  the  farmers.  The  use  of  tramways 
in  the  Potlatch  country  has  encouraged  the  farmers  to 

for  other  produce,  as  they  have  proved  very  succe 
ful  in  expediting  the  handling  of  all  commodities. 
Many  of  the  tramways  already  built  are  being  ta> 
to  their  utmost  to  carry  down  the  supplies  delivered 
to  their  upper  terminals  and  still  more  is  coming  to 
be  handled.  The  success  of  this  manner  of  handlin 
farm  produce  and  getting  it  to  transportation  poinl 
has  also  stimulated  other  sections  to  introduce  and 
maintain  tramways.  It  was  at  first  thought  that  their 
operation  would  be  unsuccessful  owing  to  the  bad 
working  of  the  first  one  built.  Improvements  havin 
since  been  made,  it  is  found  they  save  long  hauls  i 
getting  the  grain  into  the  canyons  where  the  railroac 
have  their  houses  and  tracks  and  so  much  time  is  saved 
as  well  as  wear  and  tear  on  teams  and  wagons.  An- 
other item  in  favor  of  the  tramway  is  that  they  are 
built  and  operated  at  very  little  expense  and  in  most 
cases  by  the  farmers  who  have  subscribed  and  have  the 
privilege  of  sending  down  their  grain  in  this  manner. 

The  first  large  movement  toward  the  establishing 
of  orchards  in  the  district  was  in  1894,  when  $27,000 
was  spent  for  the  purchase  of  trees.  By  1898  there 
were  3,000  producing  trees  in  the  orchards  about  Ken- 
drick and  127  carloads  of  fruit  were  shipped  from  that 
point.  In  1890  the  total  shipments  of  cereals  from 
the  Potlatch  were  50,000  bushels.  In  1898  the  ship- 
ments had  increased  to  800,000  bushels,  of  which  ' 
275,000  bushels  were  of  wheat.  Shipments  in  later 
years  have  grown  to  immense  proportions. 

There  is  a  significance  attached  to  the  nomen- 
clature of  Idaho  districts  which  is  of  interest.  Para- 
dise valley  is  a  most  appropriate  title  to  apply  to 
such  a  beautiful  and  bountiful  land.  Potlatch,  which 

free  gift,  is  most  appropriately  applied  to  a  district 
where  nature  is  so  lavish  in  her  benefactions.  In  an- 
other chapter  of  this  work  we  have  quoted  an  inter- 
view with  John  P.  Vollmer,  of  Lewiston,  in  which 
Mr.  Vollmer  tells  how  the  Genesee  valley  came  by 
its  name.  It  was  during  the  summer  of  1870  that 
Mr.  Vollmer  in  company  with  Mr.  Stone  and  others 
took  a  drive  from  Lewiston  through  the  breaks  and 
over  the  hill  countrv  north.  Mr.  Stone,  who  was  at 
that  time  agent  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  steamboat  line 
Lewiston,  was  a  native  of  New  York,  and  during  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


629 


drive  remarked  that  the  valley  reminded  him  of  his  old 
home,  the  Genesee  valley  in  New  York  state.  Alonzo 
L.eland,  afterwards  editor  of  the  Lewiston  Teller,  was 
of  the  company  and  in  descriptions  of  the  country  in  his 
paper  referred  to  it  always  as  the  Genesee  valley  and 
the  name  has  ever  since  clung  to  it. 

The  Genesee  valley  lies  to  the  north  of  the  Lewis- 
ton  country  and  adjoins  Whitman  county,  Wash.,  the 
original  center  of  the  Palouse  country,  of  which  this 
valley  is  a  part.  The  valley  is  part  of  the  territory 
drained  by  the  Clearwater  river,  and  Cow  creek,  its 
principal  water  course,  is  a  tributary  of  that  river. 
The  general  character  of  the  country  is  similar  to  that 
in  other  parts  of  the  Palouse— long  rolling  hills,  which 
;>re  tillable  at  their  highest  points ;  whose  gentle  slopes 
are  almost  as  easily  farmed  as  a  level  country,  and 
retain  moisture  better  than  flat  plains.  The  benches 
are  broken  through  by  deep  gulches,  in  which  the 
creeks  and  streams  run.  Generally  this  part  of  the 
Palouse  is  less  broken  and  contains  fewer  untillable 
breaks  than  odier  parts  of  the  county. 

The  productiveness  of  the  soil  was  in  evidence  when 
the  first  settler  arrived  as  the  rolling  hills  were  covered 
with  a  wealth  of  native  grasses.  Stock  raising  was 
the  pioneer  industry.  With  an  influx  of  more  people 
attention  was  given  to  agriculture  and  from  that  day 
the  returns  from  crops  and  cereals  have  been  the  ad- 
miration and  delight  of  the  land  owners  and  others. 
Nowhere  in  the  famous  Palouse  is  produced  better 
quality  of  grains  or  more  abundant  yields.  A  few 
words  regarding  methods  of  cultivation  here,  as  well 
as  in  other  parts  of  the  Palouse,  may  not  be  amiss. 
Farms  are  generally  large  and  many  horses  are  re- 
quired. The  machinery  employed  embraces  single  and 
gang  plows,  section  harrows,  drills  and  broadcast  har- 
rows and  combine  headers  and  threshers.  Following 
the  old  biblical  custom  of  the  time  of  Moses  the 
fanners  as  a  rule  let  half  their  lands  lie  fallow  each 
year.  Summer  fallowing  is  generally  practiced,  a 
plan  which  experience  has  proved  wise  and  profitable. 
A  few  years  ago  it  was  the  practice  at  harvest  time 
to  use  a  header,  with  three  header  wagons  and  using 
from  13  to  30  horses  in  all.  Some  times  the  headed 
grain  was  stacked  but  often  it  was  threshed  as  soon 
as  headed.  Not  every  farmer  owns  a  header,  many 
hiring  the  work  done,  as  well  as  the  threshing.  Today 
the  combine  does  the  work  of  both  machines.  Big 
farmers  own  their  'own  combines.  Others  hire  the 
work  done.  Usually  as  the  grain  is  threshed  it  is 
hauled  to  the  warehouses  in  the  city  and  stored,  ware- 
house receipts  being  issued  and  a  small  charge  being 
made  for  the  handling  and  storage.  This  leaves  the 
grower  free  to  hold  his  crop  as  long  as  he  chooses 
and  take  advantage  of  any  fluctuations  in  prices. 

The  comparatively  slight  labor  and  more  than 
generous  returns  from  cereal  crops  have  made  that 
branch  of  agriculture  the  chief  one  in  the  Genesee 
country.  In  later  years  the  advantages  of  the  country 
as  a  fruit  growing  section  became  known  and  more  at- 
tention has  been  paid  to  horticulture.  The  rich  soil, 
which  is  permeated  with  moisture  during  growing 
season,  the  warm  sun  and  mild  breezes  combine  to 


give  the  fruit  of  this  section  a  size,  color  and  flavor 
which  is 'excelled  nowhere.  In  no  other  place  are  the 
yields  more  abundant.  In  consequence  the  fruit  grow- 
ing is  fast  becoming  one  of  the  most  important  indus- 
tries of  the  district. 

As  the  district  grows  in  population  the  tendency 
is  toward  smaller  farms  and  more  diversified  and  in- 
ttnsive  farming.  Dairying,  which  offers  most  re- 
munerative returns,  is  being  more  and  more  engaged 
in,  a  business  which  is  made  unusually  profitable  by 
reason  of  the  adaptability  of  the  soil  for  the  growth 
of  large  crops  of  tame  grasses  and  all  varieties  of 
forage  plants  and  the  abundance  of  fresh  and  pure 
water.  These  same  factors  contribute  to  making  the 
raising  of  live  stock  a  profitable  industry.  Small 
fruits  yield  large  crops  of  choice  quality,  as  do  all  the 
vegetables.  Large  revenues  are  received  by  those  who 
devote  parts  of  their  lands  to  these  products.  Poultry 
raising  is  another  branch  of  farm  work  which  is  a 

A  new  industry  in  this  vicinity  is  the  growing  of 
grain  seed.  The  reputation  of  Genesee  vegetables  has 
become  so  pronounced  that  eastern  seedsmen  have 
urged  that*  a  seed  farm  be  started.  Mayor  Hermann 
of  Genesee  has  decided  to  devote  a  loo-acre  farm  to 
that  purpose  next  season.  He  will  produce  seeds  of  all 
the  usual  varieties  of  vegetables  and  has  already  re- 
ceived orders  for  more  than  his  possible  crop.  An 
Iowa  farmer  secured  some  Idaho  seed  oats  and  this 
year  planted  a  strip  of  his  oat  field  with  them.  The 
result  is  that  farmers  from  miles  around  have  viewed 
that  field  and  have  sent  orders  out  west  for  more 
of  that  seed.  The  Idaho  oats  stand  up  about  two  feet 
above  that  raised  from  Iowa  seed,  are  earlier  and  carry 
a  heavier  berry  and  more  to  the  stem.  The  seed  in- 
dustry promises  a  bright  future  in  the  Genesee  country 
as  well  as  in  other  parts  of  the  Palouse. 

In  1888  shipments  of  cereals  from  the  Genesee 
country  were  estimated  at  800,000  bushels.  The 
growth  in  diversity  of  products  and  otherwise  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  in  1892  the  shipments  from  the  dis- 
trict were  1500  carloads  of  grains,  60  carloads  of  live 
stock  and  15  carloads  of  fruit.  Those  do  not  take  into 
consideration  the  large  amount  of  farm  and  orchard 
products  sold  in  local  markets  and  at  tributary  mining 
and  lumbering  districts,  nor  do  they  include  shipments 
of  dairy  products,  poultry,  eggs,  vegetables,  etc.  This 
year's  products  will  show  a  large  increase  in  volume, 


It 


-ather  peculiar  that  a  pio 


istry  of  the 


Palouse  country  which  was  abandoned  to  a  large  ex- 
tent has  been  taken  up  again  with  promise  of  greater 
profits  than  the  pioneers  ever  dreamed  of.  This  is 
the  live  stock  industry.  The  earliest  stockmen  raised 
cattle  and  horses,  letting  them  run  wild  over  the  plains 
where  they  fed  on  the  rich  bunch  grass  of  the  uplands. 
For  their  market  they  drove  to  the  small  towns  or 
to  the  more  distant  mining  camps  that  were  springing 
up  all  over  the  territory  west  of  the  Rockies.  As  a  rule 
no  effort  was  made  to  secure  good  breeds  of  animals, 
as  a  result  of  which  the  stock  was  scrubby  and  of 
comparatively  little  value.  In  the  hard  times  of  1893 


630 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  stockmen  suffered  with  the  rest  of  the  country 
and  the  industry  was  almost  abandoned.  Then  came 
an  influx  of  new  settlers  into  the  country,  taking  up 
farms,  and  the  horsemen  found  that  farm  animals  were 
in  demand,  and  few  to  be  had.  With  the  new  popula- 
tion came  a  demand  for  tame  grasses  and  for  the  first 
time  experiments  were  made  which  determined,  as 
might  have  been  expected,  that  lands  which  produced 
such  bountiful  crops  of  native  grass  would  yield  equally 
large  returns  of  the  tame  grasses  and  of  fodder  plants. 
The  stock  industry  was  revived.  From  the  first 
there  was  a  desire  to  secure  blooded  stock,  animals 
which  would  give  the  largest  returns  for  the  labor  and 
money  invested.  This  idea  was  aided  and  made  gen- 
eral through  the  efforts  of  the  agricultural  colleges 
and  the  results  have  been  more  than  satisfactory.  Many 
extensive  breeders  have  visited  this  section,  have  seen 
what  can  be  grown  in  grasses  and  grains  and  have 
been  eager  to  predict  that  the  Palouse  country  will 
soon  be  furnishing  the  breeding  stock  for  the  fair  east, 
where  now  eastern  buyers  secure  their  stock  across  the 
ocean.  They  base  these  predictions  upon  the  climatic 
conditions  and  what  is  produced  here  for  develop- 
ing. That  this  idea  is  reasonable  is  evidenced  from 
the  fact  that  an  Inland  Empire  calf,  shipped  from  the 
Palouse  country,  at  Chicago  recently  stood  first  in 
his  class  and  was  sold  for  the  highest  price  in  his 
class.  One  reason  for  the  great  success  of  the  industry 
has  been  that  the  stockmen  appreciate  that  the  best 
breeds  mean  the  largest  returns.  Cattle  can  be  raised 
here  cheaper  than  anywhere  else.  For  at  least  ten 
months  of  the  year  cattle  feed  and  fatten  rapidly  with- 
out cost  to  the  farmer.  They  are  placed  on  the  sum- 
mer fallowed  lands,  where  immense  crops  of  weeds 
and  wild  oats  spring  up,  which  is  excellent  pasturage 
but  which  would  injure  the  land  if  the  farmer  was  not 
able  to  turn  his  stock  upon  it.  The  stubble  of  the 
.wheat  fields  afford  good  grazing  and  then  for  the  few 
weeks  when  the  cattle  have  to  be'  fed  in  winter  there 
is  an  abundance  of  alfalfa  and  other  grasses  and  fod- 
der plants  readily  raised  in  great  quantities.  Horses 
do  equally  well.  Heavy  draft  and  general  animals,  of 
thoroughbred  breeds,  are  raised  in  numbers  and  find 
an  ever  widening  market.  It  cattle  Herefords  and 
Shorthorns  are  the  more  popular  breeds,  although 
many  others  are  represented,  such  as  Jerseys,  Dur- 
hams,  etc.  Percheron  horses  have  been  bred  in 
the  Palouse  country  for  years.  Sheep  raising  has  long 
been  a  profitable  industry,  but  is  not  progressing  in 
recent  years  because  of  lack  of  range.  The  great 
American  hog  is  the  big  money  maker  in  the  Palouse. 
With  agriculture  began  hog  raising,  and  the  industry 
grew  with  the  growth  of  the  grain  farms.  For  a  time 
it  afforded  the  most  profitable  outlet  for  the  wheat 
and  barley.  Government  experts  in  this  section  have 
developed  by  long  and  careful  experiment  that  wheat 
fed  to  hogs  in  the  Palouse  will  return  better  than  $i 
a  bushel  and  the  industry  is  attracting  many,  and  is 
already  a  source  of  great  revenue,  which  will  increase 
from  time  to  time.  In  this  industry  as  in  others  the 

f rowers  insist  upon  only  the  best  breeds.     A  potent 
actor  in  educating  growers  to  the  value  of  blooded 


stock  has  been  the  Inland  Registered  Stock  Breeders' 
Association,  covering  a  territory  comprising  eight 
counties  in  eastern  Washington  and  five  in  Northe" 
Idaho.  At  a  recent  meeting  the  Latah  county  breeders 
present  and  the  lines  in  which  they  are  specialists  in- 
cluded Prof.  H.  T.  French,  Shorthorn  cattle  and  Po- 
land-China hogs ;  Theo.  Reed,  Hampshire  and  Dorset 
sheep,  Duroc-Jersey  and  Tamworth  swine ;  and  B.  T. 
Byrns,  Shorthorn  and  Hereford  cattle. 

Dairying  is  an  important  and  growing  industry  in 
this  section.  The  abundance  of  cheap  and  excellent 
feed,  and  the  further  fact  that  there  is  a  great  de- 
mand at  large  prices  for  the  cream  to  be  shipped  to 
large  creameries  at  Spokane  have  attracted  many  to 
engage  in  this  industry  with  resulting  profit.  One 
Palouse  farmer  five  years  ago  started  out  with  five 
cows,  shipping  his  cream.  Today  he  milks  50  cows 
and  owns  640  acres  of  land,  all  paid  for  out  of  his 
profits  from  cream. 

When  one  considers  that  it  was  but  a  comparatively 
short  time  ago  when  the  first  tame  grass  seed  was 
planted  in  an  experimental  way  in  Latah  county  it  is 
surprising  to  learn  that  in  the  spring  of  1902  estimates 
made  showed  that  within  a  radius  of  ten  miles  of 
Moscow  there  were  10,000  acres  in  timothy,  alfalfa, 
red  clover,  orchard  grass,  tall  meadow,  oat  grass,  bro- 
mus  inermis  and  other  cultivated  grasses.  Yet  in- 
dications are  this  large  acreage  will  be  doubled  within 
a  year.  The  development  of  this  branch  of  farming 
has  come  within  the  last  five  years  and  during  the 
same  period  the  stock  industry  as  practiced  in  sections.- 
where  no  public  range  remains  has  been  inaugurated 

M.  J.  Shields,  who  has  an  1800  grass  seed  farm 
near  Moscow,  has  made  a  success  feeding  sheep  for 
market,  pasturing  them  on  the  farm.  For  feeding  the 
sheep  he  uses  spelts,  the  grain  which  is  extensively 
raised  in  Denmark,  which  resembles  barley  in  char- 
acter and  produces  abundantly  in  the  Palouse  coun- 
try. The  straw  after  threshing  is  almost  as  good  feed 
as"  grain  hay.  All  grasses  thrive  in  this  favored  land. 
Clover  is  the  basis  of  all  the  grasses  and  five  varieties 
have  been  grown  successfully — common,  mammoth 
red,  white,  Alsac  and  alfalfa.  Two  crops  are  har- 
vested each  year,  in  June  and  September,  respectively. 
Tall  varieties  grow  to  more  than  six  feet  high.  They 
are  hardy  and  are  valuable  for  early  spring  pasture 
and  return  a  second  heavy  crop.  •  The  orchard  grass 
keeps  green  winter  and  summer  if  grazed  down  ;  stands 
frost  and  has  proven  a  fine  grass  in  that  soil.  Samples 
are  shown  often  five  feet  tall.  The  average  in  the 
Palouse  is  about  four  feet.  Meadow  fescue,  or  Eng- 
lish blue  grass,  grows  to  a  height  of  three  feet.  It  is 
fine,  nutritious,  hardy  and  will  grow  anywhere.  It 
yields  four  tons  per  acre  and  is  ready  to  cut  in  July. 
The  Russian  brome  grass  yields  usually  five  tons  to 
the  acre.  It  makes  good  summer  pasturage.  Rye 
grasses  make  excellent  pasture  but  are  not  heavy  hay 
producers.  Two  varieties  have  been  tried,  the 'Eng- 
lish and  Italian.  Canadian  blue  grass  also  makes  a 
good  pasture  grass  and  stays  green  until  the  snows 
fall.  Men  familiar  with  the  states  named  declare  that 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


grasses  of  these  varieties  do  better  in  the  Palouse  than 
in  Michigan,  Iowa,  Indiana  and  other  states. 

There  are  some  large  grass  farms  near  Moscow. 
M.  J.  Shields  &  Co.  have  the  largest,  1800  acres  be- 
ing devoted  to  raising  various  varieties  of  grass  seed 
for  which  there  is  ready  market.  At  this  place  200 
acres  are  devoted  to  raising  alfalfa  seed  alone.  A  new 
cereal  the  firm  is  handling  is  corn  wheat.  The  kernels 
are  much  like  wheat,  except  they  are  twice  as  large 
and  the  yield  runs  as  high  as  70  bushels  to  the  acre. 
Mr.  Shields  has  raised  as  high  as  128  sacks  weighing 
120  pounds  each  from  only  two  bushels  of  seed. 
Practically  the  same  kind  of  meal  can  be  made  from  it 
that  is  made  from  corn-meal  that  is  palatable  and  has 
superior  fattening  qualities.  Even  the  straw  after 
threshing  is  found  to  contain  fattening  qualities  to 
such  an  extent  that  stock  thrive  on  it  almost  as  well  as 
on  ha}".  The  firm  one  year  received  more  than  300 
orders  for  the  seed,  coming  from  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try. Minneapolis  parties  recently  contracted  for  1,000 
acres  for  the  growth  of  garden  peas.  Many  of  these 
contracts  were  made  in  the  Kendrick  neighborhood, 
where  peas,  corn  and  beans  have  long  produced  large 
crops.  The  peas  run  from  fifteen  to  thirty  bushels  to 
the  acre  and  bring  from  $2.00  to  $2.50  per  centel. 
Dairying  is  made  profitable  by  the  excellence  and 
abundance  of  milk  producing  grasses  and  fodder. 
Nearly  150  farmers  are  engaged  in  the  business  to  a 
certain  extent.  Hand  separators  are  used  and  the 
cream  is  delivered  to  Moscow  to  be  shipped  to  the  big 
Spokane  creamery.  About  $30,000  per  annum  is  paid 
for  cream  here.  The  average  price  in  1901  for  butter 
fat  was  25]^ -cents;  in  1902  was  26.^ -cents  and  dur- 
ing December  last  was  31 54 -cents,  which  is  nearly 
double  that  paid  by  eastern  creameries. 

Nothing  demonstrates  more  conclusively  the  rapid 
development  of  this  county  than  some  comparative 
figures  from  the  assessor's  returns.  In  1890  the  total 
valuation  of  property  was  $2,798,603 ;  valuation  of 


1902,  $4,238,845,  an  increase  of  $1,440,242.  The 
whole  number  of  acres  of  patented  lands  in  1890,  as- 
sessable and  non-assessable,  was  298,354;  for  1902,  it 
was  416,469  acres,  an  increase  of  118,115  acres,  and  to 
this  must  be  added  in  1903,  82,154  acres,  on  which  the 
Potlach  Lumber  Company  pays  its  first  taxes.  No 
lumber  was  assessed  in  1890;  in  1902  assessment  was 
made  on  15,699,000  feet  of  lumber  and  saw  logs.  No 
mills  were  assessed  in  1890.  In  1902  assessment  was 
made  on  twenty-six  flour  and  saw  mills. 

In  all  essentials  of  an  ideal  home  Latah  county  is 
rich.  Draw  an  air  line  from  Steptoe  butte  in  Wash- 
ington to  Kendrick,  Idaho,  and  it  will  pass  through  the 
heart  of  the  greatest  agricultural  wealth  producing 
country  of  the  northwest,  as  fair  a  land  of  vales  and 
hills  as  ever  the  sun  shone  on.  There  is  just  enough 
winter  to  suggest  ideas  of  the  Arctics  and  just  enough 
summer  to  suggest  ideas  of  the  tropics.  The  golden 
wheat  shares  its  reign  with  many  rolling  fields  of  other 
tall  grains  and  grasses,  holding  the  tares  in  subjugation 
and  beautifying  the  land  with  their  varied  shades  of 
coloring.  The  groves  in  the  lowlands  shade  the  homes 
in  summer  and  turn  aside  the  wintry  winds,  while  the 
orchards  on  the  slopes  give  abundantly  of  their  fruits 
and  add  a  peculiar  charm  to  the  strange  beauty  of  the 
landscape.  Midsummer  scenes  are  the  ones  that  tell 
more  plainly  than  all  else  the  secret  of  the  prosperity 
that  reigns  in  this  favored  land;  the  busy  crews  in 
the  full  ripe  grain,  the  stacks  of  grain  and  the  bales 
of  hay,  the  forming  fruit,  the  flocks  and  herds,  all 
tell  a  tale  that  he  who  runs  may  read.  The  gates  of 
care  were  once  ajar  on  the  borders  of  this  fair  land, 
but  the  time  of  sore  trial  has  been  forgotten  in  the 
peace  and  plenty  of  today.  Fortune  awaits  here  all 
who  come,  who  will  to  do,  and  to  improve  with  dili- 
gence the  rare  opportunities  the  country  offers.  Pros- 
perous, contented  and  happy  are  those  who  dwell 

"In  the  heart  of  the  happy  hills." 


DANIEL  CAMERON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

LATAH  COUNTY 


DANIEL  CAMERON  is  one  of  the  oldest  pio- 
neers of  this  country  now  living  in  Latah  county,  and 
he  has  been  a  potent  factor  in  the  development  of  the 
resources  of  the  county  and  in  its  upbuilding  from  those 
early  days  until  the  present,  being  now  one  of  the  suc- 
cessful and  intelligent  farmers.  His  estate  lies  three 
and  one  half  miles  north  from  Moscow.  Daniel  was 
born  in  the  highlands  of  Scotland  in  1843,  being  the 
son  of  Finlay  and  Ann  Cameron,  natives  of  the  same 
country,  where  they  labored  as  agriculturists  until  the 
time  of  their  demise.  For  twenty-five  years,  our  sub- 
ject labored  with  his  father,  and  then,  led  by  an  ad- 
venturous spirit,  came  to  America,  where  he  took  up 
the  responsibilities  of  life  for  himself.  His  arrival 
here  was  about  1866,  and  on  the  upper  Hudson  in  New 
York  state  he  labored  for  a  time,  then  went  to  Pennsyl- 
vania and  worked  in  a  tannery  for  a  year.  After  this, 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  San  Francisco,  and  thence  to 
Walla  Walla,  where  he  labored  on  a  farm  for  a  time 
and  then  came  to  his  present  place  in  1871,  being  ac- 
companied by  his  brother,  and  they  were  among  the 
very  first  settlers  of  the  territory  now  embraced  in 
Latah  county.  He  took  a  homestead  and  at  once  en- 
gaged in  the  commendable  work  of  improving  it  and 
raising  stock.  He  has  labored  faithfully  all  these  years 
and  has  been  attended  with  good  success,  ever  mani- 
festing sagacity  and  a  public  spirit  in  all  his  endeavors, 
while  he  has  done  much  for  the  advancement  of  the 
county's  interests.  Mr.  Cameron  is  entitled  to  the  es- 
teem and  confidence  of  his  fellows  and  this  is  bestowed 
in  generous  measure  and  he  is  considered  one  of  the 
most  substantial  men  of  the  county. 


HARVEY  J.  BUNDY  is  a  well  known  representa- 
tive of  the  pioneer  class  in  Latah  county,  and  as  a 
business  man  and  enterprising  spirt  in  the  development 
of  the  county  he  has  done  a  commendable  work,  while 
also  in  the  literary  line  he  has  produced  a  fine  volume, 
entitled,  "The  Last  Voice  from  the  Plains,"  being 
the  life  of  W.  F.  Dranan,  the  companion  of  the  fa- 
mous Kit  Carson. 


Mr.  Bundy  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  December  16,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Alexander 
and  Elizabeth  (Breeze)  Bundy.  The  father  was  born 
in  Marion  county,  Illinois,  and  is  now  living  at  Day- 
ton, Washington,  while  the  mother  was  a  native  of 
Jefferson  county,  Illinois,  and  died  in  Washington 
county,  when  Harvey  J.  was  three  years  of  age.  When 
he  was  ten  he  had  the  unique  experience  of  traveling 
with  an  ox  train  from  the  states  to  Washington,  land- 
ing in  the  vicinity  of  Walla  Walla.  They  chose  a  sec- 
tion southwest  from  Dayton,  now  known  as  Bundy 
Hollow,  where  our  subject  received  his  education  from 
the  common  schools.  In  1876  he  took  land  in  Nez 
Perces  county,  in  the  vicinity  of  Genesee,  there  being 
no  town  there  at  that  time,  and  he  engaged  in  raising 
stock.  Three  years  later  he  went  into  tiie  big  Potlatch 
country,  and  four  years  after  that  he  was  back  again 
in  Genesee.  That  continued  to  be  his  home  until  1895, 
when  he  came  to  Moscow  and  since  that  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  mining  operations.  He  is  a  skilled 
prospector  and  his  continued  study  and  association  with 
mining  in  all  its  phases  have  made  him  an  expert 
and  his  knowledge  is  utilized  to  advantage  in  many 
sections.  He  is  interested  in  the  well  known  Buffalo 
Hump  and  also  in  the  Moscow  mountains.  He  is 
general  manager  of  the  Providence  Milling  and  Mining 
Company,  and  does  commendable  work  in  handling 
its  affairs.  In  1886  Mr.  Bundy  was  elected  county  com- 
missioner from  the  second  district,  and  he  served  for 
two  years;  while  from  1894  to  1896  he  was  deputy 
sheriff  under  Frank  Campbell.  In  1892  Mr.  Bundy 
hsd  run  for  sheriff  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  al- 
though far  ahead  of  his  ticket,  he  suffered  defeat. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Bundy  and  Miss  Sarah  L., 
daughter  of  John  and  Polly  (Maxwell)  McCall,  was 
solemnized  in  Waitsburg,  Washington,  on  November 
3.  1878,  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  two  sons : 
Lyman  A.,  at  Granite  Falls,  Washington ;  Francis  M., 
clerking  in  Moscow.  Mr.  McCall  died  in  Dayton, 
Washington,  in  1888,  having  come  hither  from  his 
native  state,  Indiana.  His  wife  was  also  a  native  of 
Indiana,  and  she  is  deceased.  It  was  in  1893  that  Mr. 
Bundy  took  up  literary  work,  and  wrote  the  work 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


above  mentioned,  which  has  been  copyrighted  and 
contains  many  good  things,  being  a  production  of 
merit.  Mr.  Bundy  was  beaten  out  of  the  work  by  its 
being  copyrighted  by  another.  Rhodes,  McClure  & 
Company  of  Chicago  have  published  the  fifth  edition, 
and  it  is  sad  that  the  author  should  not  have  the  re- 
turns of  his  labor. 


JAMES  H.  COLLINS.  This  well  known  and 
representative  business  man  of  Latah  county  is  at 
present  the  proprietor  of  the  saw  mill  which  he  owns 
on  the  mountain  seven  miles  northeast  from  Moscow, 
where  he  manufactures  a  goodly  amount  of  fine  lum- 
ber, also  having  a  shingle  mill  in  conjunction  with  the 
other  plant.  James  H.  was  born  in  Cass  county,  Mich- 
igan, on  April  30,  1848,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Louise  Collins.  The  father  was  county  treasurer  of  his 
county  and  quite  active  in  politics.  Our  subject  re- 
mained in  Cass  county  until  1864  attending  public 
schools.  At  that  time  he  went  with  his  parents  to  the 
vicinity  of  Elkpoint,  South  Dakota,  where  they  took 
up  land  and  were  occupied  in  farming  and  operating  a 
saw  mill.  In  1877  he  left  that  country  and  came  to 
Washington,  settling  on  a  pre-emption  in  Whitman 
county,  just  west  of  the  state  line  and  adjacent  to 
Moscow.  Mr.  Collins  states  that  at  that  time  he  could 
have  hauled  all  of  Moscow  at  one  wagon  load.  He 
sold  his  farm  in  1900.  In  1892  Mr.  Collins  started  a 
shingle  mill  at  his  present  place  and  this  grew  to  the 
present  plants,  where  he  manufactures  timber  products. 
He  is  now  removing  his  mill  to  a  place  one  mile  further 
up  the  mountain  and  there  expects  to  do  more  business 
than  heretofore. 

On  December  25,  1868,  at  Elkpoint,  Dakota,  Mr. 
Collins  and  Miss  Hattie  E.,  daughter  of  John  R.  and 
Eveline  C.  (Palmer)  Wood,  were  married,  and  they 
have  become  the  parents  of  the  following  children: 
William  H.,  a  farmer  and  stockman  on  the  Nez  Perces 
reservation;  George  H.,  married  to  Mamie  Frazier, 
and  with  his  father  in  the  mill ;  Mattie  L.,  at  home. 
Mrs.  Collins'  father  was  a  farmer  in  Dakota  and  served 
in  the  Civil  war  as  first  lieutenant  under  Captain  Tripp 
and  General  Dulley,  being  in  the  service  for  three 
years.  Mr.  Collins'is  a  member  of  the  fraternal  order 
of  the  Royal  Arcanum.  He  is  one  of  the  real  builders 
of  the  county's  present  enviable  commercial  standing 
and  development,  having  displayed  great  wisdom  and 
energy  in  his  labors  here  for  years,  while  at  the  present 
time  he  enjoys  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his  fel- 
lows. 


HANS  J.  LESTOE  is  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  Lestoe  &  Sherer,  one  of  the  leading  mercantile 
firms  of  Moscow,  and  handles  a  large  business.  Mr. 
Lestoe  is  a  representative  citizen  of  the  county,  and 
a  man  of  keen  business  ability  and  possessed  of  affabil- 
ity and  integrity  in  a  happy  degree.  The  birth  of 
Mr.  Lestoe  occurred  in  Lolland,  Denmark,  on  April 


28,  1851,  his  parents  being  Peter  and  Annie  (Peter- 
son) Lestoe.  The  father  was  a  shipbuilder  'and  they 
remained  in  their  native  land  until  the  time  of  their 
death.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
and  labored  on  a  farm  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home  until 
he  was  twenty  years  of  age,  then  stepped  from  the 
parental  roof,  and  turned  toward  the  new  world,  de- 
termined to  seek  his  fortune  there.  1871  was  the  year 
in  which  he  landed  in  Wisconsin  and  for  four  years  he 
labored  there  at  different  undertakings,  then  in  1875 
came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  remaining  there  until  1878. 
At  the  last  date  mentioned  he  came  thence  to  Idaho  and 
took  up  a  homestead,  where  his  labors  were  bestowed 
for  six  years.  In  the  fall  of  1883  he  went  into  the 
employ  of  some  general  merchants  in  Genesee,  Idaho, 
and  two  years  later  he  engaged  with  Dermhan  & 
Kaufmann.  general  merchants  of  Moscow,  continuing 
there  until  1891,  when  he  opened  a  store  for  himself 
in  Troy,  this  state.  In  1893  he  sold  that  business  and 
came  to  Moscow,  where  in  company  with  W.  H.  Clark 
he  started  a  hardware  store.  They  did  a  good  business 
from  the  start,  and  in  1899  Mr.  Clark  sold  out  his  in- 
terest to  J.  W.  Sherer,  and  the  firm  is  now  known  as 
Lestoe  &  Sherer.  They  handle  all  kinds  of  hardware, 
also  paints,  oils,  crockery,  and  all  accessories,  also 
being  agents  for  some  leading  heavy  hardware  houses, 
thus  being  able  to  supply  all  wants  in  any  branch  of 
business  that  needs  hardware.  Of  late  they  have  been 
increasing  their  stock  and  their  store  is  today  one 
of  the  best  stocked  houses  in  the  entire  Palouse  country. 
On  January  25,  1885,  Mr.  Lestoe  married  Miss 
Helena  Thompson,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  and  to  them 
have  been  born  the  following  children :  James  C.,  Henry 
A.  and  Frederick.  On  June  12,  1894,  Mrs.  Lestoe  was 
called  from  her  home  and  family  by  death,  and  her 
remains  lie  buried  in  the  Moscow  cemetery.  She  was 
beloved  by  all  and  her  death  elicited  sincere  mourning 
in  a  large  circle  of  friends.  On  August  25,  1898.  Mr. 
Lestoe  married  a  second  time,  the  lady  being  Elizabeth 
(Taylor)  Johnston,  and  the  wedding  occurring  in  Mos- 
cow. Mrs.  Lestoe  is  a  native  of  Oregon.  Mr.  Lestoe  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Artisans,  and  the 
Foresters  of  America.  He  owns  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  good  farm  land.  He  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  Latah  county  and  is  the  recipient 


WELLINGTON  L.  ELY.  Among  the  younger 
business  men  of  talent  and  enterprise  who  have  domi- 
ciled in  Moscow,  there  should  not  be  failure  to  mention 
the  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article, 
since  he  has  manifested  during  his  stirring  career 
of  commercial  activity  ability  and  wise  management 
of  the  resources  at  his  hand  which  have  justly  placed 
him  as  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  commercial  realm  of 
his  county,  while  also  his  unswerving  .integrity  and 
stanch  qualities  of  worth  have  bequeathed  him  a  legacy 
of  prestige  that  is  enviable  and  of  distinct  merit. 

Wellington  L.  Ely  was  born  in  Stockton,  New  York, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


635 


n  November  24,  1877,  being  t 
Genevra    (Cooley)    Ely.     His 


son  of  Mortimer  and 
.  arly   life   was   largely 

spent  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge,  and  to  his  credit 
be  it  said  with  such  application  and  precocity  that  at 
the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  graduated  from  the  local 
schools.  In  1895  we  find  him  in  Pasadena,  California, 
attending  the  Troop  Institute,  whence  the  following 
year  he  returned  to  Stockton,  New  York,  and  engaged 
as  salesman  in  a  general  merchandise  store,  where 
he  acquired  practical  training  and  valuable  knowledge 
for  one  year.  Then  observing  that  he  would  be  better 
fortified  for  the  battle  of  life  if  he  had  more  educational 
discipline,  he  repaired  to  the  Westfield  Academy  and 
applied  himself  once  more  to  the  lore  of  books  for  a 
time.  Then  he  launched  forth  on  the  sea  of  life's 
activities,  and  next  we  find  him  in  the  bright  little 
town  of  Moscow.  A  time  was  spent  in  the  loaning 
office  of  B.  T.  Byrns,  about  one  and  one-half  years. 
Following  that  period  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
I".  A.  David,  and  together  they  opened  a  general  mer- 
chandise establishment  in  the  city  of  Moscow.  The 
enterprise  was  launched  with  due  counsel  and  manipu- 
lated with  excellent  wisdom,  while  the  push  and  energy 
and  sterling  business  qualities  of  our  subject  were  fully 
brought  into  requisition  and  there  could  but  be  the 
brilliant  success  that  has  attended  this  venture.  They 
have  a  store  well  stocked,  and  skillfully  managed, 
while  the  liberal  patronage  which  they  have  won  speaks 
loudly  both  of  their  business  ability  and  upright 
methods. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Ely  and  Miss  Louise  E., 
daughter  of  James  and  Akan  Cheney,  was  solemnized 
on  June  14,  1900.  This  young  couple  are  valuable 
acquisitions  to  the  social  realm  and  they  are  highly 
esteemed  and  have  the  encomiums  and  good  will  of 
all. 


THOMAS  S.  POINDEXTER.  The  subject  of 
this  article  is  a  native  of  the  Occident,  and  has  spent 
most  of  his  life  beneath  its  stars,  preferring  it  to  the 
congested  centers  of  the  east.  His  home  is  at  the 
present  time  on  a  quarter  section  of  fine  land  two  miles 
northeast  from  Farmington,  which  has  been  the  family 
home  for  some  time.  The  land  has  been  farmed  for 
sixteen  years  and  is  only  now  open  to  homestead  entry. 
He  raises  the  cereals  and  brome  grass,  with  stock, 
and  has  a  fine  orchard.  The  birth  of  Thomas  S.  oc- 
curred on  May  4,  1863,  in  Benton  county,  Oregon,  be- 
ing the  son  of" Thomas  S.  and  Mary  E.  (Coffey).  The 
father  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1821  and  died  in  1887 
and  the  mother  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1842.  At  the 
age  of  eleven  our  subject  went  to  Macoupin  county, 
Illinois,  making  his  home  with  his  Aunt  Louise  J. 
Bronaugh.  a  sister  of  his  father.  He  did  chores  and 
attended  school  and  the  east  was  his  home  until  he  was 
twenty,  and  then  he  longed  for  the  scenes  of  his  native 
place,  and  accordingly  came  thither,  landing  at  Eu- 
gene, Oregon.  One  year  later  he  came  to  Latah  county 
'and  in  1885  he  worked  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines  and 
in  1886  he  bought  the  interest  of  the  man  who  lived 


on  his  home  place  and  he  then  settled  on  the  farm 
and  that  has  been  his  home  since  that  time.  He  has 
now  homesteaded  the  land. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Poindexter  and  Miss  Sedalia, 
daughter  of  Squire  and  Sarah  E.  (Stittwell)  Thomas 
was  solemnized  in  Latah  county  on  April  13,  1887.  and 
to  this  union  there  have  been  born  six  children :  Alaxie 
A.,  Arrah  B.,  Dean  C.,  Thomas  E.,  Charlotte.  Gilbert, 
aged  respectively  fourteen,  eleven,  nine,  six.  three, 
and  the  baby.  Mr.  Thomas  was  born  in  Illinois  in 
1841,  is  a  farmer  living  at  Whatcom,  Washington, 
while  the  mother  was  born  in  Indiana  and  died  in 
1882.  Mrs.  Poindexter  was  born  in  California  on 
August  17,  1871,  removed  to  Oregon  when  a  child, 
and  thence  to  Latah  county  in  1878,  and  she  has 
brothers  and  sisters  as  follows :  James  H.,  in  Hooper, 
Washington  ;  Arthur  L.,  in  Colorado  ;  Deborah  C..  wife 
of  Andrew  Smith,  now  deceased;  Eliza  E..  wife  of 
William  D.  Haynes,  in  Whatcom,  Washington  ;  Still- 
well,  at  Whatcom;  Newton,  in  Latah  county.  Air. 
Poindexter  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows :  Roena, 
wife  of  William  Morgan,  in  Tacoma ;  one  half-brother, 
Byrin  Coffee,  at  Kalama,  Washington.  Mr.  Poindex- 
ter is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  Macca- 
bees in  Farmington.  He  has  given  his  services  on  the 
school  board  for  years,  while  in  political  matters  he  is 
allied  with  the  Democratic  party. 


ALMON  A.  LIEUALLEN,  deceased.  One  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  that  broke  sod  in  this  section  of  the 
country,  a  man  of  whom  all  spoke  well,  and  one  who 
wrought  here  continuously  from  the  inception  of  his 
career  in  this  region  until  the  sad  day  of  his  demise  with 
manifestations  of  wisdom,  stability,  enterprise  and  dis- 
play of  those  manly  virtues  and  an  intrinsic  worth  that 
characterize  the  typical  man,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  eminently  deserving  of  this  memorial' which  it  is  our 
privilege  to  grant  to  him. 

Almon  A.  was  born  in  Tennessee  on  September  10, 
1842,  being  the  son  of  Paton  and  Jemima  (Smith) 
Lieuallen,  farmers  of  that  state  and  Iowa.  Our  sub- 
ject went  in  1858  to  where  Princeton,  Missouri,  now 
stands,  remaining  until  1860,  when  he  moved  to  Iowa, 
whence  he  crossed  the  plains  in  1867  to  Walla  Walla 
and  there  engaged  in  stock  raising  and  freighting. 
He  did  a  large  business  in  the  latter  industry,  handling 
as  high  as  twenty  outfits  from  The  Dalles  to  the  interior 
mining  camps  of  Idaho,  and  continuing  the  same  until 
1868.  In  this  last  year  he  disposed  of  his  freighting 
business,  repaired  to  Oregon,  founding  the  town  of 
Centerville,  and  there  and  at  Walla  Walla  gave  his 
attention  to  raising  stock.  In  1871  he  brought  forty 
thousand  dollars'  worth  of  cattle  to  the  region  now 
embraced  in  Latah  county,  taking  a  pre-emption  four 
miles  east  from  where  Moscow  now  stands.  Success 
attended  his  wise  business  methods,  and  he  owned  land 
in  different  bodies  all  the  way  down  to  the  Snake. 
He  had  vast  herds  of  cattle,  and  he  was  always  a  pro- 
gressive, public  minded  man,  ever  laboring  for  the 


636 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


welfare  and  progress  of  the  country  where  he  was 
domiciled.  At  one  time  he  owned  between  two  and 
three  thousand  acres  of  land  in  Washington  and  Idaho 
and  one-half  section  in  California.  He  homesteaded 
the  land  where  Moscow  is  now  built,  taking  it  in  1875, 
and  opening  up  a  general  merchandise  store  there.  He 
was  the  first  postmaster  of  Moscow  and  held  the  office 
until  he  sold  his  store.  In  1881  he  sold  the  mercantile 
interests,  platted  the  town  site  of  Moscow,  and  devoted 
his  energies  to  placing  the  young  city  on  a  proper  basis 
and  to  building  it  up.  He  was  one  of  the  main  factors 
in  the  development  of  the  country,  in  establishing  the 
city,  in  forwarding  its  growth,  and  in  the  general 
progress  of  the  county's  interest,  and  no  man  was  better 
known  in  the  country  than  Mr.  Lieuallen.  On  No- 
vember 4,  1898,  he  was  called  from  the  scenes  of  his 
worthy  labors  to  the  realms  of  another  world,  and 
with  appropriate  ceremonies  his  body  was  laid  to  rest 
in  the  Moscow  cemetery.  He  had  been  a  faithful  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  church  since  sixteen  years  of  age, 
displaying  the  virtues  and  graces  of  the  Christian,  and 
his  example  was  bright  and  good,  and  his  death  was 
sincerely  mourned  throughout  the  entire  county. 

The'marriage  of  Mr.  Lieuallen  and  Miss  Sarah  A., 
daughter  of  William  E.  and  Mary  J.  (Holloway) 
Good,  was  solemnized  on  July  4,  1871,  and  there  were 
born  to  them  the  following  issue:  Mary  A.,  died  De- 
cember 15,  1877,  aged  five  and  one-half  years;  Lillie 
Irene,  wife  of  Jay  Woodworth ;  John  T.,  died  at  the 
age  of  eighteen; 'William  B.,  died  January  5,  1888, 
aged  eight  years,  all  buried  beside  their  father.  Mrs. 
Lieuallen  is  a  native  of  Iowa  and  her  parents  were  na- 
tives of  Ohio,  but  removed  to  Iowa  in  an  early  day, 
and  there  remained  until  the  time  of  their  death,  Mrs. 
Lieuallen  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and 
has  always  been  a  leader  in  the  noble  work  of  mission- 
ary undertakings  and  charitable  labors,  while  the 
bright  Christian  life  that  she  has  maintained  has  been 
the  means  of  doing  much  good.  She  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Women  of  Woodcraft,  Moscow  Circle,  No.  192. 
She  owns  eighty  acres  of  the  old  homestead  and  an 
elegant  residence,  which  is,  as  it  always  has  been,  the 
center  of  refined  hospitality,  and  a  model  Chris- 
tian home,  presided  over  by  a  lady  of  gracious 
personality,  with  manifestation  of  those  lovable 

f  races  and  characteristics  of  the  real  Christian, 
n  addition  to  this  valuable  property,  Mrs.  Lieu- 
allen has  a  fine  farm  of  four  hundred  and 
twenty-four  acres,  which  she  manages  with  discretion 
and  sagacity. 


ROBERT  H.  BARTON,  This  worthy  pioneer  and 
veteran  of  many  a  struggle  on  the  fields  of  battle,  both 
in  the  Civil  war  and  on  the  scenes  of  life's  industries, 
is  now  the  postmaster  of  Moscow  and  he  has  won  for 
himself  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  who  may  know 
him.  He  was  born  in  Perry  county,  Ohio,  on  Feb- 
ruary i,  1842.  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Elizabeth 
(Biddison)  Barton.  The  father  was  born  in  Balti- 
more in  1811,  being  the  son  of  Robert  Barton,  who 


emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ireland  to  America.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of  Baltimore  and 
a  daughter  of  William  Biddison,  a  soldier  of  the  war 
of  1812.  The  parents  came  to  Perry  county,  Ohio,  and 
settled  on  a  homestead.  They  had  twelve  children, 
eleven  of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  and  six  are  now 
living.  Robert  H.,  their  fifth,  acquired  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  and<  in  the  Ohio  University  at 
Athens,  and  in  1861  he  left  college  to  enlist  in  Com- 
pany D,  Seventeenth  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He- 
served  four  months  under  Rosecrans  and  then  the  regi- 
ment disbanded.  He  re-enlisted  in  Company  B,  First 
Ohio  Cavalry  Volunteers,  and  served  with  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland.  His  regiment  did  escort  duty  with 
General  O.  M.  Mitchell  and  later  with  the  cavalry  in 
General  Buell's  command.  Subsequently  they  were 
with  General  Rosecrans  at  Stone  River  and  until  after 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  and  during  the  Atlanta 
campaign  were  at  General  McPherson's  headquarters 
until  that  commander  was  killed.  He  saw  the  genral 
fall  and  caught  his  horse.  Later  he  was  at  General 
Howard's  headquarters  in  the  same  capacity,  and  after 
the  capture  of  Atlanta  was  sent  with  his  regiment  on 
the  Wilson  raid.  They  were  at  Macon,  Georgia,  when 
the  news  of  Lee's  surrender  gladdened  all  hearts,  and 
on  the  twenty-fifth  of  September,  1865,  he  was  hon- 
orably discharged  at  Hilton  Head,  South  Carolina. 
On  July  2,  1862,  at  Russellville,  Alabama,  Mr.  Barton 
was  shot  in  the  corner  of  his  mouth  and  lost  the  teeth, 
upper  and  lower,  on  the  right  side  of  his  face,  and 
suffered  a  fracture  of  the  jaw.  This  occasioned  six 
weeks  in  the  hospital. 

After  this  creditable  military  record  Mr.  Barton 
returned  to  his  home  and  taught  school  during  the 
winter  of  1865-66,  then  went  to  Kansas  and 
took  and  taught  school  during  the  winter 
months.  He  was  later  chosen  county  assessor 
and  recorder  of  deeds  in  that  county  for 
six  years.  He  removed  to  Utah  in  1875  and  taught 
school,  and  in  1877  we  find  him  in  Moscow,  where  he 
operated  a  saw  mill,  which  he  had  brought  with  him. 
He  was  in  this  business  for  three  years,  and  in  1881 
he  built  the  Barton  hotel,  which  he  conducted  until  1891, 
when  it  was  burned,  entailing  a  loss  of  fifteen  thousand 
dollars.  He  then  erected  the  Moscow  at  a  cost  of 
thirty-five  thousand  dollars,  but  on  account  of  the 
financial  panic  he  was  forced  to  part  with  this  prop- 
erty on  account  of  an  incumbrance  of  twenty  thousand 
dollars.  This  is  a  fine  property  and  a  credit  to  the 
town.  "  He  was  appointed  as  postmaster  of  Moscow 
under  Harrison  and  again  under  McKinley,  and  is  serv- 
ing with  acceptability  now.  For  eight  years  he  was 
also  deputy  sheriff  of  Nez  Perces  county,  and  was  also 
the  first  sheriff  of  Latah  county. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Barton  and  Miss  Lettie  Lang- 
don,  a  native  of  Illinois,  was  solemnized  in  1869,  and 
to  them  have  been  born  two  children,  one  deceased, 
the  other,  Ed  T.,  deputy  postmaster.  In  1872  Mrs. 
Barton  died  and  in  1875  Mr.  Barton  wedded  her  sister,  ^ 
Louise  Langdon,  by  whom  he  has  five  children :  Maude  " 
M.,  attending  the  university ;  Earl  S.,  also  in  that  in- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


637 


stitution ;  Louise  E.,  at  the  high  school ;  Faith  S.  She 
was  named  by  the  Idaho  Department  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  during  its  encampment  in  Mos- 
cow, at  which  time  her  birth  occurred,  and  the  soldiers 
presented  her  with  a  silver  set.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barton 
are  active  members  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  its  auxiliary, 
respectively,  and  he  is  past  commander  and  department 
commander,  and  she  is  past  secretary  and  president 
of  the  Idaho  department.  In  consideration  of  his  serv- 
ice to  Major  Anderson  Post  No.  5,  he  was  presented 
with  a  sword  by  its  members,  which  hangs  with  his 
blade  which  did  valiant  service  for  the  Union.  He 
has  a  fine  residence  in  Moscow  and  he  is  esteemed  by 
all. 

Mr.  Barton  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  having  cast 
his  first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln.  He  takes  a  great 
deal  of  pride  in  the  fact  that  he  was  a  personal  friend 
of  William  McKinley,  and  was  the  first  one  in  Idaho 
to  advocate  his  nomination  at  the  St.  Louis  convention. 
He  sought  to  be  a  delegate  to  that  convention,  but 
the  strong  sentiment  in  favor  of  free  coinage  of  silver 
in  the  ratio  of  sixteen  to  one  shut  him  out.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  every  Republican  convention  since 
Idaho  became  a  state. 


ALBERT  DYGERT.  It  is  proper  that  in  a  list 
of  the  leading  business  men  of  Latah  county  the  name 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  should  appear,  both  be- 
cause of  his  success  in  the  realm  of  mercantile  life, 
being  one  of  the  largest  farm  implement  dealers  in  the 
county,  and  also  because  he  is  one  of  the  heaviest 
real  estate  holders  and  prominent  agricultural  men  and 
is  a  man  of  high  standing  among  his  fellows,  being 
possessed  of  good  abilty,  enterprise,  integrity  and  sound 
principles. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  McHenry  county,  Illinois, 
on  May  13,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Abram  and  Phoebe 
(Snooks)  Dygert,  natives  of  New  York  but  farmers 
of  Illinois,  where  the  father  died  in  1899,  on  February 
3,  his  remains  resting  at  the  Woodstock  cemetery.  Al- 
bert was  well  educated  and  then  taught  school  at  his 
native  place  for  three  years,  and  in  1877  went  to  Modoc 
county,  California,  engaging  in  the  stock  business  for 
five  years.  In  1882  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Idaho, 
purchasing  a  farm  six  miles  south  from  Moscow.  He 
gave  his  attention  strictly  to  general  farming  and  stock 
raising  and  the  original  quarter  was  added  to  until  he 
now  has  the  princely  estate  of  eight  hundred  acres  in 
one  body  and  excellently  improved.  Eight  years  were 
spent  in  this  place  and  in  1890  he  went  with  his  family 
to  the  old  home  place  in  the  east,  and  after  visiting 
for  a  time  returned  to  Moscow,  taking  up  his  abode  in 
the  city,  where  he  has  an  elegant  residence.  In  1900 
he  opened  an  implement  house  and  he  does  a  good  busi- 
ness, having  one  of  the  leading  establishments  of  the 
city.  He  carries  a  complete  assortment  of  all  that  is 
used  in  the  way  of  farm  implements,  vehicles,  machin- 
ery and  so  forth.  Mr.  Dygert  has  the  farm,  also  city 
property  that  he  rents,  his  commodious  home,  his 


business,  and  much  other  property,  thus  demonstrating 
his  ability  in  the  financial  world. 

On  October  15,  1881,  Mr.  Dygert  married  Miss 
Flora  T.,  daughter  of  Orsemus  and  LucinJa  (Jack- 
son) Beardsley.  She  was  a  native  of  McHenry  county, 
Illinois,  and  they  were  schoolmates.  When  the  time 
for  marriage  came  Mr.  Dygert  sent  lor  his  bride,  and 
she  came  to  Reno,  Nevada,  the  nearest  city  to  his  stock 
ranch,  and  there  the  ceremony  was  performed.  One 
child,  Leslie,  has  been  born  to  them,  his  birthday  being 
July  3,  1886,  and  his  native  place  Latah  county.  Mr. 
Dygert  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  of  A.,  Paradise 
Lodge,  No.  5356.  He  is  identified  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Metho- 
dist church.  They  are  prominent  members  of  society 
and  capable  and  worthy  people. 


GEORGE  LANGDON,  one  of  Moscow's  best 
known  and  popular  business  men,  is  deserving  of  men- 
tion in  the  volume  that  has  to  do  with  the  history  of 
Latah  county,  since  he  has  been  intimately  connected 
with  the  development  and  progress  of  it  since  its  or- 
ganization and  was  a  potent  factor  in  the  section  before 
that  event,  being  at  the  present  time  in  the  responsible 
position  of  chief  of  police  of  the  city  of  Moscow  and 
also  conducting  a  real  estate  office. 

Reverting  to  his  personal  history,  we  find  that 
he  was  born  in  McLean  county,  Illinois,  on  February 
15,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Martha  V. 
(Wilson)  Langdon,  natives  of  Ohio.  His  first  educa- 
tion was  obtained  in  his  native  place  and  later  he  com- 
pleted the  normal  course  in  the  state  institution,  and 
thus  fortified  for  the  battles  of  life  he  stepped  forth, 
taking  up  the  work  of  the  educator.  In  1878  he  came 
west  to  Moscow,  his  father  having  preceded  him  across 
the  plains  in  1873.  He  turned  his  attention  here  to 
logging,  then  taught,  then  worked  at  logging  again, 
and  later  engaged  in  the  saw  mill  business,  and  in  1884 
was  appointed  deputy  sheriff  for  the  county,  where  two 
years  were  spent  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  the  duties 
there  devolving  upon  him.  In  1886  he  was  appointed 
deputy  sheriff,  serving  under  Ezra  Baird,  and  then  was 
deput'y  sheriff  under  Sheriff  S.  J.  Langdon.  In  1888 
he  was  elected  the  first  sheriff  of  Latah  county.  The 
county  was  considered  Republican  by  over  one  hundred 
majority,  and  our  subject  was  a  Democrat,  but  the  man 

E  roved  too  much  for  the  politics  and  he  polled  the 
andsome  vote  of  four  hundred  majority,  five  hundred 
ahead  of  his  ticket,  being  one  of  two  elected  on  that 
ticket  that  year.  Thus  was  demonstrated  the  popularity 
of  Mr.  Langdon.  He  served  faithfully  his  time  and 
then  went  into  the  fire  insurance  business  for  one  year, 
and  in  1892  was  appointed  chief  of  police.  In  1893 
he  went  to  the  World's  fair  and  returning  accepted 
a  clerkship  in  the  postoffice,  and  one  and  one-half 
years  later  took  the  deputy  auclitorship,  where  he 
wroked  for  four  years,  then  went  into  the  real  estate 
business,  and  in  1901  was  again  appointed  chief  of 
police,  where  we  find  him  today,  quietly  and  efficiently 


63» 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


discharging   his   duties.      In   addition   to   these  enter- 
prises he  is  interested  in  stock  raising. 

In  February,  1881,  Mr.  Langdon  married  Miss 
Fannie,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Sarah  (Shuck)  Haines, 
of  Dundee,  Oregon,  and  to  this  union  there  have  been 
born  the  following  children:  Willis,  Mattie,  Elma, 
Gracie  and  Frances,  all  going  to  school.  Mrs.  Lang- 
don's  parents  came  to  Oregon  across  the  plains  in  1856, 
being  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Oregon.  Our  sub- 
ject is  one  of  the  substantial  and  capable  men  of  the 
county  and  is  secure  in  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all. 


LANDON  C.  IRVINE.  On  February  6,  1842, 
in  Amherst  county,  Virginia,  to  John  R.  and  Lucy 
(Hobsons)  Irvine,  was  born  the  gentleman  whose 
name  appears  above.  The  father  was  a  merchant  and 
farmer,  born  in  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  in  1799,  and  the 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  Samuel  Irvine,  was  born 
in  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
Lynchburg,  advising  Billy  Lynch  to  start  the  first  store, 
which,  failing  to  do,  Samuel  Irvine  did  himself.  At  the 
time  of  the  conflict  of  1812  he  advised  his  son,  John 
R.,  to  be  ready  to  enlist,  which  advice  was  obeyed,  al- 
though the  lad  was  but  thirteen  years  of  age.  Luckily 
the  call  did  not  come.  The  wife  of  Samuel  Irvine  was 
Mary  Rose,  born  in  Amherst  county,  Virginia,  of  Scot- 
tish descent.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  Lucy 
Hobsons,  born  in  Bedford  county,  Virginia,  in  1804, 
and  her  father  was  Benjamin  Hobsons,  who  married 
Miss  Moore,  both  natives  of  Virginia.  Our  subject 
remained  at  home  until  nineteen  and  then  joined  the 
Confederate  forces  and  fought  under  the  noted  Stone- 
wall Jackson  and  R.  E.  Lee.  He  was  in  most  of  the 
heavy  battles,  being  an  artilleryman.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  returned  to  the  home  place  and  desolation 
was  spread  around.  The  mother  died  in  1861  and  the 
father  died  in  1867.  He  and  his  brother  and  brother- 
in-law  commenced  at  the  bottom  again.  He  soon  came 
to  Missouri,  landing  there  in  1867.  He  settled  in  Pike 
county  and  remained  until  September  26,  1869,  when 
he  came  to  California,  being  in  and  around  San  Fran- 
cisco until  1872,  when  a  trip  was  made  to  Puget  Sound. 
Not  liking  the  country  he  started  to  return  but  swerved 
from  his  course  to  Latah  county  and  in  Latah  county 
he  has  been  since.  Mr.  Irvine  settled  on  Silver  creek 
on  April  i,  and  in  1876  he  bought  his  present  place,  two 
miles  northeast  from  Farmington,  which  consists  of  two 
hundred  acres  of  good  land  and  is  one  of  the  best  of 
the  county.  He  has  fine  improvements,  two  story 
house,  commodious  fruit  house,  milk  cellars  and  houses, 
and  fine  barns.  His  house  and  fruit  storage  building 
are  both  supplied,  as  also  the  milk  house,  with  fine 
water  piped  from  a  never  failing  spring,  and  his  prem- 
ises are  up  to  date  in  every  particular.  Mr.  Irvine  has 
.forty  acres  of  timothy  and  will  seed  more.  He  has  fifty 
acres  of  orchard,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  county,  and 
it  is  a  fine  dividend  payer.  Mr.  Irvine  assisted  to  build 
the  stockade  at  Farmington  at  the  time  of  the  Indian 


rouble  and   one  of  his  neighbors  was  killed  by  the 
;avages. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Irvine  and  Miss  Adelia, 
laughter  of  James  F.  and  Sydnah  (Leuty)  Ladd,  was 
,olemnized  on  October  26,  1^78,  in  Walla  Walla,  and 
.hey  have  five  children :  Fred,  Lucy  R.,  Sydnah  G.,  at- 
ending  normal  school  at  Lewiston ;  Landonia,  attending 
school;  Frances  C.  The'  first  two  and  the  last  are 
deceased.  Mr.  Ladd  was  born  in  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, on  February  19,  1815,  and  his  father  was  Thomas 
Ladd.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Irvine  was  born  in  Ray 
county,  Tennessee,  in  1825,  and  her  mother's  name  was 
Alary  Roddy.  Mrs.  Irvine  was  born  in  Ray  county, 
Tennessee,  in  April  12,  1858,  whence  she  came  to 
Walla  Walla  and  then  to  Latah  county  on  June  20, 
1875.  She  has  sad  recollections  of  the  Civil  war  as 
well  as  her  husband.  Her  brothers  and  sisters  are: 
Thomas  F.,  in  Walla  Walla ;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  Elliott 
Perkins,  in  Spokane:  Hannah  E.,  wife  of  Joel  Mc- 
Pherson,  in  Tennessee;  Lida,  wife  of  M.  N.  Johnson, 
Charleston,  Washington.  Mr.  Irvine  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters:  Samuel,  in  Missouri; 
Elizabeth  M.,  deceased ;  Frances,  deceased,  was  the  wife 
of  John  Pleasants,  in  Amherst  county,  Virginia ;  John 
H.,  in  Washington ;  Robert,  in  Montana.  Mr.  Irvine 
is  a  Mason,  and  in  1900  he  was  nominated  without  his 
asking  for  county  commissioner,  and  was  promptly 
elected  by  an  appreciative  public.  When  he  asked  the 
Fusionist  convention  why  he  was  nominated  they  re- 
plied because  he  was  the  right  kind  of  a  man  and  could 
be  elected,  which  was  proved  at  the  polls.  Previously 
the  county  warrants  were  never  at  par  but  he  has  been 
enabled  with  his  colleagues  to  bring  up  the  credit  of 
the  county  and  has  served  the  public  well. 


THEODORE  CLARK.  This  well  known  gentle- 
man is  one  of  the  leading  horticulturists  and  small  fruit 
growers  of  the  vicinity  of  Moscow,  having  labored  here 
for  a  decade  with  excellent  success,  his  home  being  in 
ihe  southeastern  portion  of  the  city.  Mr.  Clark  was 
born  on  July  7,  1841,  in  Van  Wert  county,  Ohio,  being 
the  son  of  Joseph  and  Nancy  (Ankrom)  Clark,  natives 
of  Ohio.  When  our  subject  was  three  months  of  age 
his  father  died  and  he  was  left  in  the  hands  of  strang- 
ers, being  raised  by  them.  At  the  early  age  of  eight 
years  he  began  to  do  for  himself  on  the  farm,  thus 
learning  the  hardships  and  burdens  of  life  while  a 
child.  He  continued  at  various  employments  until 
April,  1861,  when  the  call  came  for  troops  to  repel  the 
invasion  of  Rebellion's  minions,  and  he  promptly  re- 
sponded to  the  first  invitation,  enlisting  in  Company 
D,  Twenty-second  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  for  three 
months,  and  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  promptly  re- 
enlisted  in  the  Seventy-third  Ohio  Infantry,  Company 
A,  for  three  years,  being  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
He  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  again 
at  Gettysburg,  and  he  was  one  of  the  noble  veterans 
who  fought  with  courage  and  intrepidity  until  the 
struggle  was  ended.  Being  mustered  out  in  June,  1864, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


639 


at  Cincinnati,  he  went  thence  to  Piatt  county,  Illinois, 
and  engaged  in  farming  there  until  1873,  then  removed 
to  Iroquois  county,  the  same  state,  remaining  there  until 
1882,  when  he  again  removed,  this  time  to  Republic 
county,  Kansas.  He  bought  a  farm  there  and  tilled 
it  until  1891,  then  migrated  to  the  west,  settling  in 
Latah  county,  purchasing  a  tract  of  land  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  city  of  Moscow,  where  he  is  residing 
at  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Clark  was  married  in  Iroquois  county,  Illinois, 
in  1874,  to  Surfroma  Grobner,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
to  them  were  born  four  children:  Thomas  K.,  de- 
ceased ;  Courier,  deceased ;  Grace,  and  Bertnell. 

In  March,  1884,  Mr.  Clark  contracted  a  second  mar- 
riage, the  lady  becoming  his  wife  on  this  occasion  being 
Jennie  Maples,  and  the  nuptials  were  celebrated  in  Car- 
hie,  Illinois.  Mr.  Clark  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
(.,.  A.  R.,  Major  Anderson  Post,  No.  5.  •  He  also  affili- 
ates with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  96,  in  Belleville, 
Kansas,  being  a  member  of  the  Rebekah  order  as  well. 


ORTON  W.  BEARDSLEY.  Among  the  pros- 
perous and  enterprising  agriculturists  of  Latah  county, 
we  must  not  fail  to  mention  the  intelligent  and  influen- 
tial gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article, 
since  he  has  wrought  out  a  success  here  in  the  line 
which  he  has  followed  that  demonstrates  his  ability  ;  and 
also  he  is  one  of  the  men  who  has  been  selected  to 
handle  the  responsible  affairs  of  the  county,  being  thus 
honored  by  his  fellows,  a  distinction  which  is  in  no  way 
undeserved,  and  the  fulfilment  of  the  responsibilities 
thus  incurred  are  discharged  with,  an  acumen,  faith- 
fulness and  dispatch  that  demonstrates  the  ability  of  the 
man  and  conserve  the  interests  of  the  county. 

Orton  W.  was  born  at  Crystal  Lake,  McHenry 
county,  Illinois,  on  July  27,  1861,  being  the  son  of 
Orsemus  and  Lucinda  (Jackman)  Beardsley,  who  are 
mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this  volume.  Our 
subject  remained  with  his  father  until  twenty  years 
had  rolled  by  and  then  in  1881  he  started  for  himself, 
raising  stock  in  Modoc  county,  California.  In  the 
spring  of  1884  he  came  thence  to  Latah  county,  pur- 
chasing a  quarter  section  of  fine  land  two  miles  north 
from  Moscow,  where  he  settled  and  devoted  his  ener- 
gies to  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  was  rewarded 
with  success,  having  now  a  farm  of  three  hundred  and 
fifty  acres,  well  improved  and  producing  abundant  re- 
turns in  crops  and  having  fine  buildings,  which  make 
it  in  every  respect  an  up-to-date  estate. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Beardsley  and  Miss  Phcebe, 
daughter  of  Archibald  and  Sarah  Estes,  was  celebrated 
on  June  2,  1886,  in  Latah  county.  Mrs.  Beardsley  is 
a  native  of  Arkansas,  and  a  detailed  account  of  her 
family  appears  in  another  portion  of  this  work.  Mr. 
Beardsley  is  a  member  of  the  Masons,  Paradise  Lodge, 
No.  17,  while  his  wife  is  affiliated  with  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  is  identified  with  the  Populist  party,  and 
has  been  since  its  formation,  at  the  present  time 


, 

highly  respected  by  all,  being  a  patriotic 
an  exemplary  man. 


WILLIAM  CARTER.  This  well  known  repre- 
sentative citizen  is  justly  entitled  to  space  in  the  his- 
tory of  Latah  county,  since  he  has  labored  here  for 
many  years,  and  also  because  at  the  time  when 
fratricidal  strife  lowered  over  this  land  he  gave,  him- 
self for  the  retrievement  of  the  flag  from  insult  and 
the  defense  of  the  beloved  institutions  of  the  Union, 
and  fought  bravely  until  the  last  gun  ceased  to  sound 
out  treason. 

Mr.  Carter  was  born  in  Ashland  county,  Ohio, 
on  July  24,  1830,  being  the  son  of  John  and'Hannah 
(Figley)  Carter.  He  was  taken  by  his  parents  to 
Illinois  when  quite  young,  Peoria  county  being  the 
place,  and  there  he  received  his  education  in  the 
country  schools,  attending  them  in  the  winter  and 
working  on  the  parental  farm  in  the  summers.  This 
routine  continued  until  he  had  attained  his  majority, 
when  he  purchased  a  farm  for  himself  and  gave  his 
attention  to  its  cultivation.  Five  years  later  he  sold 
out  and  went  to  Kansas  and  there  purchased  a  farm 
and  settled  down  until  1861,  when  he  quickly  re- 
sponded to  the  call  for  men,  enlisting  in  the  Sixth 
Battalion.  Six  months  later  he  enlisted  in  Company 
15,  Fifth  Missouri  Cavalry,  serving  three  years  and 
more  until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out,  being  in 
arduous  service  and  participating  in  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington, Lone  Jack,  Sibley  and  several  other  engage- 
ments. At  Sibley,  the  enemy's  bullets  tore  some  of 
the  hair  from  his  head,  but  further  than  that  he  was 
untouched  by  war's  dangers.  He  was  almost  con- 
stantly in  engagement  from  the  time  of  enlistment 
until  discharged,  being  among  Missouri  bushwhack- 
ers what  time  he  was  not  in  the  other  battles  men- 
tioned. Soon  after  being  mustered  out,  in  1865,  he 
crossed  the  plains  and  settled  in  Grande  Ronde  val- 
ley, Oregon,  but  soon  removed  to  Linn  county,  the 
same  state.  Six  years  later  he  came  to  Whitman 
county,  Washington,  where  eight  or  nine  years  were 
spent,  and  then  journeyed  to  Moscow,  where  he  has 
resided  since.  For  twenty  years  he  has  held  the  office 
of  constable,  and  for  three  years  has  been  city  coun- 
cilman, being  the  incumbent  of  both  offices  at  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Carter  is  active  in  political  mat- 
ters, being  allied  with  the  Republicans,  and  in  1898, 
was  the  only  one  of  that  party  elected  in  the  county, 
the  Populists  gaining  the  others. 

In  1856  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Carter  and 
Miss  Elizabeth  Bruce,  daughter  of  Robert  Bruce,  of 
Peoria,  Illinois,  and  ten  children  were  born  to  them, 
four  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  G.  W.  married 
to  Viola  Thurston.  living  in  .Moscow  and  running 
.?.  dray  line;  Ray  F..  single  and  clerking  in  the  Moter 


640 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Wheeler  store,  where  he  has  been  for  five  years; 
Emma  E.,  married  to  N.  Haynes,  living  on  a  farm  in 
Whitman  county :  Perry  B.,  single,  living  with  parents 
and  driving  delivery  wagon  for  Wolfe  &  Co.  Mr. 
Carter  is  a  member  of  the  Major  Anderson  Post  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  in  Moscow,  while  Mrs.  Carter  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  R.  C.  and  both  belong  to  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church. 

Mr.  Carter  and  William  A.  Ladd  built  the  Com- 
mercial hotel  of  Moscow,  then  rented  it  and  finally 
sold  it.  Since  his  birth,  which  was  on  the  frontier, 
Mr.  Carter  has  always  wrought  among  the  pioneers 
of  the  country  and  he  has  done  his  work  faithfully 
and  stands  well  in  the  estimation  of  all. 


NIELS  J.  VISBY.  Not  a  few  noble  and  stanch 
men  have  come  to  our  borders  from  the  small  sea-girt 
land  of  Denmark,  and  they  are  among  the  best  of  those 
who  hold  aloft  the  flag  of  freedom.  As  a  capable  rep- 
resentative of  this  honored  class,  we  are  constrained  to 
mention  the  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of 
this  article,  who  is  numbered  with  Latah  county's  lead- 
ing farmers,  having  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the 
county,  it  being  located  between  Moscow  and  Genesee, 
and  four  miles  north  of  the  latter  town,  and  being  on 
the  rural  free  delivery,  route  No.  i.  The  estate  con- 
sists of  two  hundred  acres  of  fertile  soil,  well  tilled  and 
handsomely  and  tasefully  improved  with  good  orchards, 
buildings,  and  so  forth.  This  is  the  family  home  and 
it  is  indeed  a  scene  of  thrift  and  happiness. 

Mr.  Visby  was  born  in  ThisteJ,  Denmark,  on  De- 
cember 25,  1837,  being  the  son  of  Johannes  Jensen  and 
Karen  Marie  (Nelsen)  Visby,  natives  also  of  the  same 
country,  where  they  spent  their  days,  being  now  interred 
in  the  Thisted  cemetery.  Our  subject  received  a  com- 
mon school  education,  and  at  the  early  age  of  fifteen 
years  started  for  himself.  He  had  a  decided  talent  for 
music  and 'during  the  winter  months  taught  in  the  sur- 
rounding country  and  thus  accumulated  a  goodly  sum. 
In  i860  he  enlisted  in  the  army  and  fought  against  Ger- 
many, serving  part  of  the  time  as  corporal  and  once 
being  wounded  in  his  right  arm,  the  date  being  March 
17,  1864  at  Dopple  Bank.  After  his  time  for  recover- 
ing had  been  spent  in  the  hospital,  he  rejoined  his  com- 
pany and  fought  until  the  close  of  the  conflict,  being 
then  honorably  discharged,  the  date  being  1864.  In 
1866  he  bought  a  farm  and  tilled  the  soil  until  1872, 
when  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  Michi- 
gan, working  for  a  time  in  the  Calumet  and  Hecla  cop- 
per mines  in  that  state,  then  migrated  to  Moody  coun- 
ty, South  Dakota,  where  he  spent  ten  years  in  the  cul- 
tivation of  the  soil  and  then  came  to  Latah  county.  He 
bought  a  quarter  section  three  miles  north  from  Gene- 
see  and  sixteen  years  this  was  the  family  home,  then 
he  sold  it  and  purchased  his  present  place  as  described 
above. 

In  1877  Mr.  Visby  married  Miss  Oline  C.,  daughter 
of  Martin  and  Marie  Olsen,  natives  of  Denmark.  Three 
children  were  born  to  them,  Martin  B.,  Johannes  C., 


and  one  deceased.  In  1882,  Mrs.  Visby  passed  away 
and  in  1884,  Mr.  Visby  contracted  a  second  marriage, 
the  lady  of  his  choice  on  this  occasion  being  Olena 
Johnson,  the  daughter  of  John  and  Jansen  Wold.  To 
this  happy  union  there  have  been  born  the  following 
children:  John  O.,  Karen  M.,  Boord  S.,  Solang  A., 
Emma  C.,  Nellie  O.,  Selmer  O.,  Ludvig  M.,  Viola  V., 
and  May  A.  This  worthy  couple  are  members  of  the 
Norwegian  Lutheran  church,  and  are  devout  sup- 
porters of  the  faith,  being  also  highly  esteemed  mem- 
bers of  society  and  patriotic  citizens. 


ROBERT  J.  BELL  One  has  but  to  observe  the 
tidy  and  excellent  premises  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  which  consist  of  eighty  acres  of  fertile  soil 
one-half  mile  northeast  from  Farmington,  to  realize 
that  the  owner  is  one  ofr  the  most  enterprising  and 
thrifty  farmers  of  the  entire  county  of  Latah.  Mr. 
Bell  believes  that  what  is  worth  doing  at  all  is  worth 
doing  well,  and  he  practices  his  belief  in  a  very  ex- 
emplary manner.  Robert  J.  was  born  in  the  county 
of  Perth,  Ontario,  Canada,  on  March  17,  1861,  be- 
ing the  son  of  Alexander  and  Margaret  (Parr)  Bell. 
The  father  was  a  farmer  and  merchant  in  Canada, 
born  in  1833,  whose  father  came  from  Scotland  and 
mother  from  Ireland.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Ontario  in  1842,  and  her  father,  John  Parr, 
was  born  in  England,  and  her  mother  in  Ireland. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  the  excellent 
schools  of  Ontario,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
came  to  Manitoba  and  worked  in  the  Canadian  Pa- 
cific and  one  year  later  he  took  a  homestead  and 
settled  to  farming  in  Assiniboia.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-three  years  he  operated  a  steam  pump  on  the 
Great  Northern,  then  we  find  him  in  Seattle  railroad- 
ing and  later  in  Spokane  operating  a  saw  mill  engine 
near  there.  He  went  later  to  Sprague,  Washington, 
and  commenced  to  wipe  in  the  rounanouse  and  was 
soon  promoted  to  fireman  on  a  switch  engine  and  then 
to  fireman  on  the  road  and  after  eight  years  he  was 
running  an  engine  on  the  road,  and  at  this  he  con- 
tinued until  1807,  when  he  quit  of  his  own  accord  and 

addition,  he  has  a  quarter  section  in  Canada.  He  has 
fine  buildings  on  his  home  place  and  his  farm  is  a 
veritable  model  in  every  respect.  Mr.  Bell  quit  the 
road  with  a  clean  record  and  because  he  preferred 
farming. 

On  October  3,  1894,  in  Farmington,  Washington, 
occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Bell  and  Miss  Minnie 
J.,  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Harriet  (Parvin)  Brink, 
and  they  have  one  child,  Minnie,  born  July  20,  1895. 
Mr.  Brink  was  born  near  Chicago,  July  23,  1845, 
and  his  wife  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  May  12,  1849, 
and  her  mother,  Mrs.  Parvin,  still  lives  in  Hastings, 
Nebraska.  Mrs.  Bell  was  born  in  Bunker  Hill,  Kansas, 
on  May  12,  1878,  and  she  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters :  Luella,  wife  of  Charles  Moulton,  in  Farm- 
ington; Sarah  A.,  wife  of  I.  S.  Stewart,  in  Farming- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ton;  Ora  M.,  wife  of  William  Gumm,  in  Whitman 
county;  Lila  B.,  wife  of  Hiram  Lance  in  Wardner, 
Idaho ;  John  S.,  in  Whitman  county.  Mr.  Bell  has  th< 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Eliza  J.,  wif< 
of  Fred  J.  Tripp,  in  Spokane;  Cornelius  J.,  deceased; 
David,  in  Wingham,  Canada;  Marshal  J.,  in  Canada; 
Solomon,  engineer  on  Northern  Pacific,  living  in  Spo- 
kane; Maggie,  deceased;  Hiram,  deceased;  Albert,  in 
Canada;  Walter,  in  Canada.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bell  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mrs.  Bell's  father 
served  in  the  Civil  war,  enlisting  for  two  years  from 
Illinois.  Mr.  Bell  has  fine  blooded  stock,  chickens, 
cattle,  and  so  forth,  and  a  choice  orchard  and  is  one 
Of  the  most  thrifty  and  up-to-date  farmers. 


CHARLES  W.  YOCKEY.  The  enterprising 
gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph  is 
one  of  the  leading  men  and  agriculturists  and  fruit 
growers  of  the  county  of  Latah,  being  a  man  of 
stanch'  qualities  of  moral  worth,  and  happily  possessed 
of  fine  business  qualifications,  as  his  possessions 
abundantly  testify. 

Mr.  Yockey  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Ohio, 
on  February  7,  1853,  the  son  of  Lawrence  and  Sarah 
A.  (Weaver)  Yockey.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Germany  and  died  about  eight  years  since,  while  the 
mother  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  is  still  living 
in  Rinard,  Illinois.  While  our  subject  was  a  small 
child  of  three  years,  his  parents  removed  to  Johnson 
county,  Iowa,  and  when  he  was  twelve  they  removed 
to  Wayne  county,  Illinois.  He  was  educated  in  the 
various  places  where  the  family  lived,  and  grew  up  on 
a  farm.  When  he  had  reached  the  age  of  majority 
he  began  farming  for  himself  and  for  five  years  he  was 
numbered  with  the  thrifty  tillers  of  the  soil  in  Wayne 
county,  Illinois.  It  was  in  1881  that  he  came  to  Latah 
county,  and  he  soon  homesteaded  a  quarter  section 
five  miles  south  from  Troy,  where  the  family  home  is 
at  the  present  time.  Mr.  Yockey  has  demonstrated 
himself  to  be  a  capable  orchardist,  having  thirty-five 
acres  devoted  to  choice  fruits  and  he  is  making  a  bril- 
liant success  in  this  line,  as  also  he  is  in  all  lines  in 
which  he  operates.  He  has.  two  acres  planted  to  cher- 
ries and  it  is  a  goodly  sight  to  see  the  lucious  fruit 
in  ripening.  The  balance  of  the  orchard  is  devoted 
largely  to  winter  apples.  Mr.  Yockey 's  residence  is 
the  finest  in  this  section,  and  doubtless  the  most  im- 
posing and  beautiful  and  tastily  arranged  for  both 
comfort  and  convenience  with  beauty,  that  is  in  the 
county  of  Latah.  His  whole  premises  manifest  the 
thrift  of  the  owner  and  his  good  judgment  is  appar- 
ent at  every  turn. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Yockey  and  Miss  Armilda, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Rachel  (Southerland) 
Greear,  was  solemnized  in  Rinard,  Wayne  county, 
Illinois,  on  February  12,  1874,  and  they  now  have  three 
children:  Minnie,  wife  of  Zo  Krisher,  living  in  Latah 
county;  Myrtle  and  Lawrence,  at  home.  Mr. 
Greear  was  a  native  of  Tennessee  and  died  in  Illi- 
nois, while  his  widow  is  residing  with  her  son.  Mr. 


and  Mrs.  Yockey  are  members  of  the  Bethel  church  on 
American   Ridge,   it   being  a  class   of   the   Methodist 


GEORGE  W.  GALE.  No  compilation  whose 
purview  is  to  give  mention  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
Latah  county  would  be  complete  without  an  honor- 
able representation  of  the  esteemed  and  well  known 
gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article,, 
and  who  operates  the  Del  Norte  hotel,  the  leading 
hostelry  in  the  city,  where  he  manifests  the  commend- 
able qualities  of  worth  of  which  he  is  richly  possessed. 
Air.  Gale  was  born  in  Portland,  Maine,  on  October 
II,  1859,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Ellen  (Page) 
Gale,  of  Bothwell,  Canada,  whence  they  moved  to 
Portland  when  our  subject  was  young.  He  was  de- 
nied the  privilege  of  schools,  but  made  up  for  that 
by  careful  and  tenacious  study  at  home  in  the  even- 
ings and  by  judicious  reading.  At  the  age  of  thirteen 
he  was  driving  a  lumber  team,  and  in  1878  he  hired 
as  second  cook  in  a  Wisconsin  lumber  camp.  He  was 
an  apt  pupil  and  soon  had  the  art  well  learned  and 
he  followed  this  in  the  logging  camps  for  fourteen 
years,  and  in  1892  took  a  boarding  house  where  he 
did  business  for  one  year,  then  he  sold  that  and  bought 
a  grocery  store  where  he  was  found  for  two  years, 
the  location  being  Washburn,  Wisconsin.  In  1897  he 
came  to  Moscow  and  took  a  homestead,  and  also 
clerked  in  the  hotel  for  three  years,  then  went  to 
Everett,  Washington.  One  year  later  he  came  back 
to  Moscow  and  rented  the  hotel  Moscow,  where  he  is 
doing  a  good  business  at  the  present  time.  Mr.  Gale 
brings  to  the  business  a  fund  of  knowledge  gained 
from  practical  experience  in  all  departments  of  the 
hotel  business  and  he  is  a  host  very  popular  with  the 
traveling  public,  maintaining  a  house  that  is  first-class 
in  every  particular  and  that  gives  good  satisfaction, 
while  his  untiring  care  for  the  welfare  and  comfort 
of  his  guests  has  won  him  many  friends  and  patronage 
that  is  lasting. 

In  1880  Mr.  Gale  married  Miss  Hannah  L.,  daugh- 
ter of  George  and  Katherine  (Tynicke)  Leslie,  of 
Thorp,  Wisconsin,  and  they  have  become  the  parents 
f  three  children:  Maude  M.,  wife  of  G.  Mix,  an 
nplement  dealer  in  the  city  of  Moscow;  Mabel  L., 
living  at  home;  James  F.,  with  parents.  Mr.  Gale 
affiliates  with  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  the  order  of  Elks, 
while  Mrs.  Gale  is  a  member  of  the  R.  N.  of  A. 


CHARLES  W.  McCANN.  The  enterprise  and 
igacity  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  manifest  in 
the  manner  in  which  he  has  labored  and  handled  his 
business  affairs  since  coming  to  the  west,  and  he  is 
today  one  of  the  substantial  property  owners  of  Latah 
county,  having  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of 
fine  land  three  and  one-half  miles  southeast  from 
nington.  The  estate  is  one  of  great  value  both 
iccount  of  its  pristine  fertility  and  because  of  the 
excellent  manner  in  which  Mr.  McCann  has  im- 


642 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


proved  it,  having  comfortable  buildings  and  an  orchard 
of  twenty-five  acres  of  choice  trees.  Mr.  McCann 
was  born  in  Ogle  county,  Illinois,  on  September  28, 
1860,  being  the  son  of  'Richard  and  Susan  (Kidd) 
McCann.  The  father  was  a  stone  cutter  born  in 
Montreal,  Canada,  in  1832,  and  died  in  1886,  while 
the  mother  was  born  in  West  Virginia,  in  1838. 
Charles  W.  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was 
eighteen  years  of  age,  gaining  a  good  education  and 
then  he  came  west,  landing  first  in  Sparta,  Oregon. 
He  labored  there  on  an  irrigating  ditch,  but  on  account 
of  the  hostilities  of  the  Indians,  he  was  obliged  to 
accompany  General  Howard  to  Walla  Walla  for 
safety.  He  there  spent  three  and  one-half  years  at 
bridge  work  for  the  O.  R.  &  N.  railroad,  learning  the 
trade.  In  1881  he  went  to  John  Day  river,  took  a  pre- 
emption and  proved  up  on  it  and  two  years  later  sold 
it.  He  continued  in  the  stock  business  in  Walla  Walla 
county  until  1891  and  then  traded  stock  for  a  farm 
in  Latah  county.  He  had  in  1883-4  taken  a  trip  to 
Illinois  through  Arizona,  visiting  also  the  New  Or- 
leans expedition.  In  1897  Mr.  McCann  sold  the  half 
section  of  land  he  had  bought  in  Latah  county  and 
bought  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  described  above. 
On  account  of  school  facilites,  Mr.  McCann  has  re- 
moved his  family  to  Farmington,  going  thence  on 
November  20,  1899. 

The  marriage 'of  .Mr.  McCann  and  Miss  Katie, 
daughter  of  Elias  R.  and  Isabella  (Douglas)  Sweet, 
was  solemnized  in  Spokane  county,  on  January  i. 
1887,  and  they  have  two  children :  Leroy  O.,  Gladys. 
Mr.  Sweet  is  a  carpenter,  born  in  Ohio  in  1830,  and 
his  wife  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1838.  Mrs.  McCann 
was  born  in  Agency  City,  Iowa,  on  October  6,  1866, 
receiving  a  common  school  education,  and  her  broth- 
ers and  sisters  are  named  as  follows :  Vinn,  living  at 
Saint  Marys  river;  Mary,  wife  of  Charles  Miller, 
at  Waverly;  Anna,  wife  of  |ohn  Lathrum,  at  Oakes- 
dale;  William,  George,  Dee  R.,  at  Waverly;  May, 
wife  of  Albert  Long,  at  Spokane.  The  brothers  and 
sisters  of  Mr.  McCann  are  named  as  follows:  Lucy, 
at  Polo,  Illinois ;  Emma,  in  the  same  place ;  John,  in 
Alaska.  Mr.  McCann  affiliates  with  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity and  the  Eastern  Star,  at  Farmington.  He  was 
elected  mayor  of  Farmington,  but  on  account  of  busi- 
ness interests  in  Latah  county  did  not  qualify.  He  is 
a  Republican,  stanch  and  true,  having  never  swerved 
and  ha?  been  central  committeeman  for  six  years. 
Mrs.  McCann  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 


CHARLES  H.  GOWER.  To  the  industrious  and 
enterprising  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  nead  of 
this  article  we  grant  space  for  a  review  of  his  life's 
career,  being  assured  that  he  is  one  of  the  substantial 
and  capable  men  of  Moscow  and  has  always  mani- 
fested moral  qualities  of  intrinsic  wortu. 

Charles  H.  was  born  in  Janesville,  Wisconsin,  on 
February  6,  1862,  being  the  son  of  George  and  Eva 
(Frances)  Gower,  of  Rock  county,  Wisconsin.  In 
his  native  city  he  was  favored  with  a  good  education 


and  at  the  age  of  twenty  was  out  in  the  battle  of  life 
for  himself,  going  first  to  Kansas  wtiere  ..e  rented 
land  for  a  time,  farming  also  his  father's  land,  then 
went  to  teaming  around  Russell,  continuing  therein  for 
two  years  when  he  removed  to  Janesville,  Wisconsin, 
i  nere  he  was  engaged  m  raising  tobacco  for  two  years 
when  he  came  to  Dayton,  Washington,  the  date  being 
1889,  and  for  seven  "years  we  find  him  teaming  and 
draying  there,  after  which  he  repaired  to  Moscow  and 
embarked  in  the  stag**  business,  operating  a  i.ne  from 
Moscow  to  Lewiston  and  continuing  therein  for  four 
years  when  he  sold  out  in  1901  and  purchased  two  lots 
with  their  buildings  in  Moscow,  which  he  still  owns. 

In  1882  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Gower  and 
Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Frank  Russell,  and  four  chil- 
dren were  the  fruit  of  this  union,  as  follows,  Delbert 
F.,  Ella  M.,  Lilhe  and  Etta,  all  at  home,  *n  1890  Mrs. 
Gower  was  called  from  her  home  and  family  by  death. 
In  1892  Mr.  Gower  contracted  a  second  marriage,  the 
lady  being  Lulu  Ashby,  the  daughter  of  George  and 
Jane  (Smith)  Ashby.  '  Mr.  Gower  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  of  A.  and  is  well  esteemed  in  the  community, 
being  a  capable  and  faithful  citizen. 


CHARLES  W.  SHIELDS.  There  is  no  better 
knou'n  business  man  in  the  county  of  Latah  than  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  and  he  is  one  of  the  largest 
property  owners  as  well,  having  exerted  in  the  last  de- 
cacle  a  wonderful  influence  in  the  business  realm  of 
the  county  and  today  being  one  of  the  firm  of  the 
Moscow  Hardware  Company,  which  is  the  largest 
establishment  of  its  kind  in  this  part  of  the  country. 
Referring  more  particularly  to  the  personal  history 
of  Mr.  Shields,  we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Davidson 
county,  North  Carolina,  July  25,  1861,  being  the  son 
of  Henry  H.  and  Mariam  M.  (Hill)  Shields,  natives 
of  North  Carolina  and  farmers  of  that  state.  Our 
subject's  father  died  in  the  battle  of  Winchester  in 
the  Civil  war.  in  1864,  being  in  the  Confederate  army, 
and  the  mother  died  in  1863  and  is  buried  in  For- 
svthe,  North  Carolina.  After  these  sad  events,  our 
subject  was  taken  by  his  grandparents,  remaining 
with  them  until  their  death,  he  being  seventeen  years 
of  age.  He  had  then  finished  the  public  school  course 
and  at  once  set  himself  to  work  his  way  through  the 
college  course.  In  1883  he  accepted  a  position  as 
bookkeeper  with  the  Holt  Manufacturing  Company, 
cotton  dealers,  and  spent  two  years,  then  resigned  to 
accept  a  position  in  a  tobacco  firm  in  Winston,  North 
Carolina,  where  he  remained  until  1887,  then  came  to 
Moscow,  engaging  with  M.  J.  Shields,  taking  charge 
of  the  office  work,  and  in  1890  went  into  partnership 
with  his  employer.  They  did  the  largest  hardware 
and  implement  business  in  the  county,  and  this  ar- 
rangement continued  until  1897.  Then  the  partnership 
was"  dissolved  and  two  years  later,  when  the  business 
was  settled  up,  our  subject  took  as  partner,  C.  A. 
Frantz,  formerly  of  Boise,  and  the  firm  is  known  as 
the  Moscow  Hardware  Company,  and  in  addition  to 
genera!  hardware  they  carry  building  material  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


643 


plumbing  goods,  running  a  plumbing  shop  also. 
They  have  commodious  quarters,  and  carry  the  largest 
stock  of  the  kind  in  the  entire  county,  and  do  a  mam- 
moth business,  which  is  entirely  merited  by  their  up- 
right methods  and  the  capable  manner  in  which  they 
handle  the  affairs  of  the  company.  Our  subject  and 
M.  J.  Shields  were  the  founders  and  are  now  owners  of 
the  Moscow  electric  light  plant,  the  latter  being  presi- 
dent and  C.  W.  Shields  secretary  and  treasurer.  This 
plant  was  started  in  September,  1889.  In  company 
with  W.  L.  Payne,  our  subject  has  three  hundred  and 
twenty  acres  of  land  in  the  edge  of  the  city  and  han- 
dles much  stock.  In  the  days  in  which  he  labored  with 
M.  J.  Shields,  they  had  a  large  saw  mill  that  supplied 
much  of  the  lumber  which  builded  a  great  portion  of 
Moscow 


. 

Mr.  Shields  married  Miss  Mary  McConnell  on 
August  2,  1893,  at  Moscow.  Mrs.  Shields  is  a  daugh- 
ter of  R.  D.  and  Ann  (  Nickle)  McConnell,  and  a 
niece  of  Governor  McConnell.  Her  parents  were  na- 
tives of  Michigan  and  came  to  this  country  in  1888. 
Mr.  Shields  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  of  A.,  Moscow 
.Camp.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  Mr.  Shields  is  one  of  the  most  eminently 
successful  men  of  the  county,  and  the  reason  is  evident 
from  his  excellent  ability,  untiring  care  of  the  details 
of  business,  wise  management  of  the  larger  interests, 
and  keen  foresight,  while  his  affability  and  genial  per- 
sonality have  won  him  friends  on  every  hand. 


HON.  ALBERT  J.  GREEN.  This  able  attorney- 
at-law  and  estimable  citizen  of  Latah  county  is  a  liv- 
ing example  of  what  pluck,  perseverance,  and  an  in- 
domitable will  can  accomplish.  He  has  achieved  a 
brilliant  success  in  various  lines,  having  wrought  it 
out  by  his  own  endeavors,  while  he  has  also  done 
much 'for  his  county  in  many  ways.  Mr.  Green,  was 
born  in  Tipton  county,  Indiana,  on  November  i,  1852, 
being  the  son  of  William  and  Mary  E.  (Chodric) 
Green.  In  the  spring  of  1853  the  family  migrated  to 
Appanoose  county,  Iowa,  and  farmed  there  until  1862 
when  they  removed  to  Sacramento,  California,  and 
thence  to  Lane  county,  Oregon.  The  parents  removed 
from  that  place  to  Rathdrum,  Idaho,  and  there  the 
father  died  in  1901.  The  mother  is  still  living  there. 
Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents,  receiving  a 


then  married  and  came  to  Whitman  county,  taking 
a  homestead  where  he  engaged  in  farming  until  1885, 
also  taught  school  and  took  a  leading  part  in  the  poli- 
tics of  the  county  and  its  advancement.  He  also  had 
paid  much  attention  to  reading  law  until  that  time 
and  in  1885  moved  his  family  to  Moscow  and  estab- 
lished a  home  there.  Then  he  went  to  Chicago,  where 
he  entered  the  Union  College  Of  Law.  graduating 
therefrom  in  1887  and  then  returned  home.  The  fol- 
lowing spring  he  was  elected  city  attorney,  being  the 


fall  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  county 
•of  Latah,  being  the  first  incumbent  of  this  ofhce,  the 


county  having  just  been  organized.  In  the  fall  of 
1890  Mr.  Green  was  elected  to  the  state  legislature  to 
represent  Latah  and  Kootenai  counties,  it  being  the 
first  legislature  of  the  state.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
ways  and  means  committee  and  was  a  prominent  ngure 
in  the  house,  while  also  he  secured  the  appropriation 
which  enabled  the  new  university  buildings  to  be  erect- 
ed. In  1892  he  resumed  the  active  practice  of  law, 
and  soon,  1895,  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
board  of  regents  of  the  state  university.  In  1897  he 
closed  his  office  in  Moscow  and  went  to  Dawson,  but 
as  it  was  Canadian  territory  he  was  unable  to  practice 
law,  so  went  to  mining  with  rich  success,  returning 
home  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  The  next  spring  he 
took  his  family  to  Dawson  and  remained  there  two 
years,  prosecuting  his  mining  with  generous  returns. 
In  the  fall  of  1899  he  went  to  Nome,  where  he  prac- 
ticed law  and  also  did  mining,  coming  out  on  the 
Valincia,  the  last  boat  out,  in  the  fall  of  1901.  He  has 
now  brought  his  family  to  Moscow  with  the  intention 
01  making  his  home  here.  Air.  Green  will  doubtless 
make  some  more  trips  to  Nome  to  attend  to  his  mining 
interests  there. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Green  and  Miss  Alary  E., 
daughter  of  Allen  and  Rachel  (Robinson)  Bond,  and 
a  native  of  Lane  county,  Oregon,  was  solemnized  on 
December  10,  1876.  in  Lane  county.  Airs.  Green's 
parents  were  natives  of  Indiana  and  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  1853,  settling  on  a  donation  claim  near  Eugene, 
where  the  mother  died  in  September,  1900.  The 
father  is  still  living  there,  having  mercantile  interests 
in  Irving  and  being  one  ot  the  representative  men  of 
Lane  county,  which  also  he  represented  in  the  state 
legislature.  Air.  Green  is  fraternally  affiliated  with 
the  I.  ().  O.  F.,  Moscow  Lodge,  No.  31,  and  with  the 
1».  P.  O.  E.,  Lodge  No.  219,  being  past  exalted  ruler 
in  this  last  order. 


ANDREW  E.  HALLIDAY.  This  well  known 
and  representative  agriculturist  and  fruit  grower  of 
Latah  county,  has  also  a  good  reputation  as  an  edu- 
cator, having  filled  the  responsible  position  of  instruct- 
ing the  young  in  different  places  while  in  district  thirty- 
four  of  this  county,  he  taught  steadily  for  eight  win- 
ters, making  a  record  for  efficiency  and  faithfulness 
that  is  seldom  exceeded,  and  that  marks  him  a  man 
of  capabilities,  integrity,  and  thoroughness,  coupled 


gacity  and  executive  force. 

Air.  Halliday  was  born  in  Clinton  county,  Indi- 
ana, on  December  26.  1861.  being  the  son  of  Samuel 
15.  and  Emma  E.  (Avery)  Halliday.  The  father  and 
mother  were  also  natives'  of  Indiana,  the  mother  dying 
in  1864.  but  the  father  remains  at  the  same  place  a 
respected  and  prominent  citizen.  Our  subject  gained 
his  primary  education  from  the  indispensable  common 
schools  and  then  completed  a  course  in  the  Ladoga 
Normal  school  at  Ladoga.  Indiana,  and  the  famous 
school  at  Lebanon,  Ohio  He  gave  himself  to  teach- 
ing for  three  years  subsequent  \o  his  literary  course, 
and  then,  in  1886.  he  came  to  the  west.  He  first  pre- 


644 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


empted  forty  acres  north  from  Troy,  later  selling  it 
and  in  1888,  he  homesteaded  where  the  family  resi- 
dence is  at  the  present  time,  six  miles  south  from 
Troy.  He  now  has  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of 
fine  land,  well  improved,  and  sixty  acres  of  this  estate 
is  devoted  to  a  fine  orchard.  He  has  one  thousand 
pear  trees  and  the  balance  of  the  mammoth  orchard 


is  planted  to  choice  winter  apples. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Halliday  and  Mis 


5  Mary  E., 

daughter  of  Frederick  and  Paulina  (Gotch)  Hinst, 
was  solemnized  on  American  Ridge  on  August  21, 
1887.  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  the  fol- 
lowing childre'n:  Fred  E.,  Clarence,  deceased,  Mary 
Audrey,  Lylyan  N.,  and  Irl.  Mr.  Hinst  lives  in  this 
county,  north  from  Cornwall.  Mr.  Halliday  is  at 
present  clerk  of  the  board  of  school  directors  of  his 
home  district  and  he  is  an  ardent  advocate  of  first- 
class  schools  and  he  has  done  much  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  cause  of  education.  Fraternally  Mr.  Hal- 
liday is  affiliated  with  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  the  W.  of 
W.,  Lodge  No.  248,  both  at  Troy. 


WILLIAM  W.  YOUNG.  The  well  known  and 
popular  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this 
article  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  Latah  county, 
having  demonstrated  his  ability  to  handle  successfully 
his  own  private  business  enterprises  and  also  discharge 
the  duties  of  public  life  which  his  fellows  called  him 
to,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  accord  him  repre- 
sentation in  this  volume.  He  was  born  in  Lafayette 
county,  Missouri,  on  October  10,  1853,  being  the  son 
of  Charles  M.  and  Veleria  A.  (Mahan)  Young.  The 
father  was  a  farmer  and  born  in  Lafayette  county, 
Missouri,  on  September  u,  1827,  and  is  still  living  in 
Oregon,  while  the  mother  was  born  in  Albermarle 
county,  Virginia,  in  1837  and  died  in  1870.  The  parents 
moved  from  the  old  home  place  in  Missouri  to  San 
Francisco  in  1873,  and  thence  to  Sonoma  county  and 
then  to  Santa  Clara  county  and  later  we  find  them  in 
Mendocino  county,  and  our  subject  worked  in  a  saw- 
mill and  then  later  in  the  quick  silver  mines  in  Napa 
county.  He  finished  his  education  in  the  Napa  Col- 
legiate Institute  by  a  two  years'  course.  In  the  spring 
of  1879  he  went  thence  to  Colusa  farms  and  operated 
a  threshing  machine  for  an  old  schoolmate,  then  spent 
a  time  in  San  Francisco  after  which  in  1883  he  went  to 
Los  Angeles  and  there  sowed  ten  acres  of  alfalfa  and 
planted  six  thousand  grape  vines.  Six  years  later  he 
sold  this  land,  which  cost  thirty  dollars  per  acre,  for 
one  hundred  and  twenty  dollars  per  acre.  He  made  a 
trade  for  his  present  place  and  came  thither,  the  same 
being  a  quarter  section  of  good  land  two  and  one-half 
miles  southeast  from  Farmington,  which  is  well  im- 
proved and  handled  in  a  skillful  manner.  He  has  one 
of  the  finest  barns  in  the  entire  county  and  a  choice 
orchard,  and  this  place  has  been  his  home  since  his 
residence  in  the  county.  Mr.  Young  has  brothers  and 
sisters  as  follows,  Jefferson  D.,  living  in  Whitman 
county  and  owns  one-half  section  of  good  land ;  Mary 
E.,  wife  of  John  H.  Crawford  and  living  in  Oregon ; 


Alexander,  deceased :  Iva  L.,  wife  of  John  H.  Smith, 
living  in  Missouri.  The  father  of  our  subject  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Confederate  army.  Our  subject  is  al- 
ways interested  in  political  matters  and  has  always 
been  a  Democrat  until  recently,  and  now  he  laconi- 
cally remarks  that  in  politics  he  is  an  American  citi- 
zen. In  the  fall  of  1894  he  was  nominated  against  his 
wish  by  the  Populist  party  for  county  commissioner 
and  without  campaigning  he  was  elected,  running 
ahead  of  his  ticket,  and  then  he  set  himself  to  fit  him- 
self for  the  office,  and  so  well  did  he  succeed  that  he 
has  been  known  as  the  attorney  general  by  his  asso- 
ciates. Mr.  Young  has  refused  the  office  of  justice 
of  the  peace  several  times.  He  is  zealous  in  the  cause 
of  education  and  respected  and  esteemed  by  all. 


ARCHIE  B.  ESTES,  deceased.  We  are  pleased 
to  grant  to  the  representative  and  esteemed  gentleman 
whose  name  appears  at  the  head  of  this  article  a  mem- 
orial in  the  abiding  chronicles  of  this  county,  since  he 
was  one  of  the  real  builders  of  the  county  and  wrought 
always  with  wisdom  and  enterprise,  leaving  a  record  ' 
behind  him  untarnished  and  bright. 

Mr.  Estes  was  born  March  2,  1828,  near  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Martha 
Estes,  natives  of  North  Carolina,  who  were  farmers 
of  Tennessee  and  later  spent  twenty-four  years  in  the 
state  of  Arkansas  in  the  same  occupation.  Until  he 
was  twenty-one  years  of  age  our  subject  was  occupied 
with  his  father  on  the  farm  and  in  acquiring  a  good 
education,  then  in  the  memorable  year  of  1849,  moved 
by  the  rumors  of  gold  in  the  regions  of  California,  he 
came  thither  and  engaged  for  two  years  in  the  pur- 
suit of  mining.  After  this  time  he  returned  to  Ar- 
kansas and  settled  down  in  Sharp  county  and  engaged 
in  farming  until  1874,  at  which  time  he  came  to  Idaho, 
with  ox  and  mule  teams,  consuming  six  months  on 
the  journey  and  homesteaded  his  present  place  four 
miles  north  from  Moscow.  Here  he  devoted  his 
energies  and  time  to  the  development  of  the  estate  and 
in  the  noble  efforts  of  upbuilding  the  county,  which 
was  organized  after  that  date.  He  also  taught  the 
first  public  school  in  the  Moscow  district.  On  Febru- 
ary 28,  1890,  the  angel  of  death  summoned  Mr.  Estes 
to  the  world  beyond.  Mr.  Estes  was  a  noble  and  con- 
sistent Christian  and  had  lived  a  life  devoted  to  the 
service  of  the  Savior  of  men,  and  his  death  was  but  the 
passing  of  a  soul  to  the  joys  awaiting  on  the  other 
side.  The  remains  were  interred  in  the  Moscow  ceme- 

A  widow,  Mrs.  Sarah  Estes,  who  was  married  to 
Mr.  Estes  in  Sharp  county,  Arkansas,  in  November, 
1856,  and  nine  children,  Calvin,  Laura,  John,  Fannie, 
Thomas,  Jasper,  Phoebe,  Mary  and  William,  are  the 
immediate  relatives  left  to  mourn  the  demise  of  the 
good  man  of  whom  we  write.  Mrs.  Estes'  parents 
were  Calvin  and  Nancy  (Crumback)  Pine,  natives  re- 
spectively of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  Mrs. 
Estes  lives  on  the  old  home  place  and  her  son,  Jasper, 
is  attending  to  the  culture  of  the  farm.  She,  as  also 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


645 


was  her  husband,  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church, 
and  lives  a  devoted  life  in  Christian  walk,  spending 
now  the  golden  years  of  a  long  life  in  the  quietness  of 
the  old  homestead,  a  light  to  all,  and  esteemed  and  ad- 
inired  by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 


NORMAN  A.  STANFORD.  Any  list  of  the  lead- 
ing citizens  of  Latah  county  would  be  sadly  deficient 
were  there  failure  to  add  the  name  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  en- 
abled to  chronicle  the  salient  points  in  his  career. 

Norman  A.  was  born  in  Clay  county,  Illinois,  on 
November  21,  1856,  being  the  son  of  David  and  Mary 
A.  (Miller)  Stanford.  The  father  was  a  preacher 
and  also  handled  a  farm.  He  labored  in  the  spiritual 
realm  among  the  South  Methodists  and  about  thirty- 
two  years  ago  he  was  called  hence  to  his  reward.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Virginia  and  died  in  Illinois  about 
five  years  since.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm 
and  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  .native  place  and 
remained  there  until  1880  when  he  migrated  to  Sanga- 
mon  county,  Illinois.  He  took  up  farming  near 
Springfield  and  remained  there  until  1883  when  he 
decided  to  come  west.  He  landed  in  Idaho  in  due 
time  and  sought  out  a  pre-emption  about  three  miles 
north  from  his  present  place  and  the  following  year  he 
took  his  present  home  place  as  a  homestead.  He  now 
has  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land  five  miles 
south  of  Troy.  The  estate  is  well  improved,  has  a  good 
orchard  of  seven  acres  of  winter  apples,  comfortable 
buildings,  and  Mr.  Stanford  is  one  of  the  substantial 
men  of  the  count}'.  He  handles  two  hundred  acres 
under  the  plow  and  the  balance  of  the  land  to  pasture 
and  so  forth. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Stanford  and  Miss  Lily  B., 
daughter  of  William  and  Catherine  (Riggles)  Kitley, 
was  solemnized  on  December  9,  1884,  in  Moscow,  and 
to  them  have  been  born  four  children,  Eva,  Bessie, 
Otto,  deceased,  and  Otis  A.  Mrs.  Stanford  was  born 

in  1883.  The  mother  is  deceased,  and  the  father  is 
living  north  from  Moscow.  Mr.  and  Mrs  Stanford 
are  members  of  the  Bethel  church,  it  being  a  class  of 
the  Methodist  church,  South.  They  are  worthy  and 
good  people  and  stand  well  in  the  community,  being 
kind  neighbors  and  dominated  by  sound  principles 
and  integrity. 


HENRY  ERICHSON.     This  representative  and 

time  the  leading  photographer  of  that  city,  having  a 
fine  gallery  on  one  of  the  principal  streets  and  doing  a 
lucrative  business,  and  being  a  man  of  capabilities  and 
excellent  qualities  of  moral  worth.  Mr.  Erichson  was 
born  in  Schleswig-Holstein,  Germany,  on  December 
21,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  a'nd  Anna  Erich- 
son,  natives  of  Germany.  The  father  was  a  wagon 

until  the  time  of  his  death.   1876.  the  mother  having 


died  a  decade  pr 


e  to  Am 


In  1871,  in  his  fifteenth  year, 
rica,  going  first  to  Ann  Arbor, 
Michigan,  and  remaining  there  or  in  that  vicinity  for 
four  years.  He  gained  a  good  education  during  his 
younger  years,  and  also  became  proficient  in  the  pro- 
fession which  he  follows  now.  In  1875,  he  went  to 
California,  remaining  in  Red  Bluff  for  six  months  en- 
gaged in  the  photographic  business,  having  a  gallery 
of  his  own  and  for  nine  years  traveling  over  the  entire 
northwest,  in  the  photographic  business.  In  1884,  Mr. 
Erichson  settled  in  Moscow,  and  at  once  opened  up  a 
gallery,  where  he  has  done  business  since,  now  having 
one  of"  the  best  established  businesses  in  the  county.  Mr. 
Erichson  is  a  leader  in  the  art  of  photography  and  has 
devoted  himself  to  it  with  energy  and  assiduity  and  has 
wrought  out  a  commendable  success. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Erichson  and  Miss  Jennie, 
daughter  of  James  and  Ellen  (Smith)  Fairbanks,  na- 
tives of  Scotland,  was  solemnized  on  November  2, 
1  88s.  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  two  chil- 
dren, Henry  Oran  and  Ward  Andrew.  Mrs.  Erich- 
son  is  a  native  of  California  and  comes  from  the  fam- 
ous Scotch  Fairbanks  family.  Mr.  Erichson  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  K.  O.  T.  M..  Perkins  Tent,  No.  12;  of  the 
Women  of  Woodcraft,  Circle  No.  192  ;  W.  of  W.,  Mt. 
Moscow,  No.  228:  Brotherhood  of  American  Yoe- 
men.  No.  860.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Erichson  are  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  are  highly  esteemed  in 
society.  Mr.  Erichson  is  a  member  of  the  city  council, 
and  is  always  interested  in  the  political  affairs  of  the 
county  and  'state.  He  owns  the  building  in  which  he 
dees  business  and  also  a  fine  residence  which  is  the 
family  home. 

Mr.  Erichson  is  president  of  the  Photographers 
Association  of  the  Northwest  and  is  a  popular  and 
leading  man  in  his  profession,  not  only  with  the  pub- 
lic but  among,  his  professional  associates  as  well. 


HOX.  WILLIAM  H.  LEASURE.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch,  doubtless  the  largest  farmer  in  the 
county  of  Latah,  is  accorded  representation  in  the  his- 
tory of  his  county  both  because  of  his  business  ability 
and  success  as  well  as  because  of  his  stanch  qualities 
of  real  worth  and  uprightness,  being  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  county  and  esteemed  and  admired  by  all. 

William  H.  Leasure  was  born  in  Little  Rock,  Ar- 
kansas, on  September  28,  1845,  being  the  son  of 
George  and  Elizabeth  (Crofford)  Leasure.  who 
crossed  the  plains  from  that  state  to  Marion  county, 
Oregon,  in  1851.  settling  on  French  Prairie.  The 


having  labored  faithfully  as  a  blacksmi 
turist!  The  school  facil'ities  in  that  new  country  were 
limited  and  our  subject  had  scanty  opportunity  to 
learn  from  books,  but  wisely  improved  all  he  had."  In 
1864,  he  went  on  foot  from  the  home  farm  to  Boise, 
Idaho,  crossing  the  summits  of  two  mountain  ranges 
in  the  dead  of  winter,  paying  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents 
for  each  meal  and  sleeping  in  blankets  wherever  night 
overtook  him.  He  worked  in  the  mines  about  Boise 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


for  one  year  and  then  returned  to  the  farm,  assisting 
in  caring  for  the  younger  members  of  the  family  and 
operating  the  farm.  Three  years  later  he  started  for 
Poise  again,  and  then  stopped  to  work  in  a  saw  mill 
for  eighty  dollars  per  month,  later  returning  to  Benton 
county  and  buying  one  half  interest  in  a  tannery,  which 
he  sold  two  years  afterward  and  purchased  a  band  of 
sheep.  He  started  with  a  thousand  and  five  years 
later  sold  six  thousand.  Then  he  came  to  Moscow, 
buying  a  quarter  section  and  adding  by  purchase  until 
he  has  a  magnificent  estate  of  one  thousand  acres, 
where  he  gives  his  attention  to  raising  grain  and  good 
draft  horses.  He  has  been  blessed  with  excellent  suc- 
cess, having  as  high  as  twenty-five  thousand  bushels 
of  grain  to  market  in  one  year,  besides  fruit  and  vege- 
tables and  stock.  Mr.  Leasure  rightly  considers  the 
soil  about  Moscow  the  very  best  of  the  famous  Palouse 
country. 

In  1874,  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Leasure  and 
Miss  Nancy  L.,  daughter  of  George  and  Lucinda 
(Ligit)  Ross,  of  Benton  county,  Oregon,  who  crossed 
the  plains  in  1853.  Three  children  were  born  to  this 
union,  Frank  W..  married  and  living  on  farm;  Erne 
L.,  married  and  living  in  Grangeville,  Idaho;  Lilly, 
single,  living  with  parents  and  attending  the  univer- 
sity where  she  is  making  a  commendable  record.  In 
'  the  political  affairs  of  the  county,  Mr.  Leasure  has 
always  been  active,  and  his  popularity  is  attested  in 
that  when  he  was  nominated  for  the  legislature  on  the 
Peoples  ticket  against  John  Paulson,  Republican,  Mr. 
Leasure  being  also  endorsed  by  the  Democrats,  he  won 
the  day  by  a  large  majority.  And  it  may  be  said,  that 
Mr.  Leasure  has  always  fought  for  the  man  and  not 
for  the  name  of  the  party.  Mrs.  Leasure  is  a  member 
of  the  Christian  church.'  It  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
have  been  enabled  to  epitomize  the  career  of  this 
capable  and  efficient  business  man,  being  assured  that 


his  life  of  enterprise  and 
permanent  place  in  the  am 
has  labored  wisely  and  1 
advancement. 


itegrity  entitled  him  to  a 
s  of  the  county,  where  he 
5  for  its  upbuilding  and 


JENNIE  PAULSON.  It  is  quite  in  accord  with 
the  purview  of  this  volume  that  representation  should 
be  granted  to  the  estimable  lady  whose  name  ini- 
tiates this  paragraph,  since  she  has  been  a  resident  of 
the  county  for  some  time  and  has  maintained  a  bearing 
and  position  quite  commensurate  with  her  rare  endow- 
ments, being  highly  esteemed  by  all. 

La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  is  her  birthplace  and  A.  R. 
and  Jane  (Andrew)  Olsen  her  parents.  The  father 
still  lives  at  Cashton,  Wisconsin.  Our  subject  received 
her  education  from  the  schools  of  her  native  city  and 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  was  married  to  John  Paulson,  a 
hotel  keeper  of  that  city.  Two  children  were  born  to 
this  union,  Elmer  M.  Paulson,  attending  business  col- 
ege  in  Moscow :  Mabel  H.  E.,  attending  the  university. 
In  1880,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paulson  moved  to  Lewiston 
where  they  remained  for  two  years  and  then  went  onto 
a  homestead  seven  miles  south  from  Moscow,  which 
was  then  but  a  hamlet,  the  streams  of  the  county  also 


being  unbridged  and  all  trips  were  made  with  the  in- 
convenience of  fording  them.  Thrift  and  good  man- 
agement brought  success  to  the  family  and  soon  the 
estate  began  to  grow  by  purchase  until  it  is  now  of  the 
fine  proportions  of  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  yield- 
ing as  high  as  twelve  thousand  bushels  p'er  year.  Mr. 
Paulson  was  a  man  of  activity  and  energy  and  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  county,  holding  many 
offices  of  trust,  and  being  ever  characterized  with  faith- 
fulness and  efficiency.  Mrs.  Paulson  is  a  member  of 
the  Rebekahs,  No.  15.  and  also  affiliates  with  the 
Methodist  church.  In  addition  to  the  fine  estate  which 
is  well  improved  and  adorned  with  fine  and  convenient 
buildings,  she  has  one  of  the  most  elegant  homes  in  the 
city,  being  a  structure  of  modern  architectural  design 
of 'fifteen' rooms  and  tastefully  furnished.  Mrs.  Paul- 
son is  a  woman  of  gracious  personality  and  presides 
with  dignified  grace  over  the  handsome  home,  which 
is  a  center  of  refined  hospitality  and  she  holds  with 
becoming  sagacity  and  modesty  her  position  among 
the  social  leaders  of  Moscow. 


FRANK  L.  LEONARD.  One  mile  southeast 
from  the  thriving  town  of  Farmington,  resides  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  owning  there  a  fine  farm  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres,  and  just  south  another 
farm  of  one  quarter  section.  He  has  a  comfortable 
home,  a  good  orchard  and  raises  diversified  crops, 
being  a  thrifty  and  enterprising  farmer  and  substan- 
tial citizen.  He  was  born  in  Boone  county,  Illinois, 
on  February  7,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Jonathan  F. 
and  Fannie' L.  (Nettleton)  Leonard;  the  father  was 
a  farmer,  born  in  New  York,  in  1832,  and  died  Au- 
gust 28.  1890,  while  the  mother  was  born  in  1837, 
in  the  Empire  state,  and  her  grandfather,  Danforth 
Nettleton,  lives  in  Whitman  county.  The  children  of 
the  family,  besides  our  subject,  are  Leroy,  deceased; 
Byron  C.'.  in  Whitman  county;  Effie,  wife  of  W.  E. 
Thompson,  in  Whitman  county;  George  A.,  also  in 
Whitman  county.  Our  subject  was  brought  to  Osage 
county,  Kansas,  by  his  parents  when  he  was  six  years 
of  age.  He  was  reared  there  and  gained  his  educa- 
tion from  the  public  schools  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  they  came  to  Whitman  county  in  1889, 
the  next  year  being  the  date  when  he  started  for  him- 
self. The  father  bought  a  farm  in  Whitman  county 
and  remained  there  until  the  time  of  his  death.  Our 
subject  went  to  work  for  the  different  ranchers  and 
then  bought  his  present  home  place,  which  he  has 
handled  in  a  skillful  manner  since  that  time,  being 
one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of  the  vicinity. 

Mr.  Leonard  married  Miss  Sadie,  daughter  of 
Luther  and  Almira  (Stearns)  Thompson,  in  Whit- 
man county,  Washington,  on  July  13,  1893,  and  one 
child  has  been  born  to  them,  Mildred  E.  Mr.  Thomp- 
son was  born  in  Newfield,  York  county,  Maine,  in 
1832,  and  his  parents,  James  and  Sarah  (Moore) 
Thompson,  were  born  in  the  same  place  and  the  fath- 
ers of  this  couple  were  soldiers  in  the  Revolution. 
Mrs.  Leonard  was  born  in  Newfield,  Maine,  on  July 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


647 


15,  1859,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools. 
She  came  with  her  parents  to  Kansas  in  1878,  and  she 
has  taught  school  for  fourteen  years.  Mrs.  Leonard's 
mother  was  born  in  Maiden,  Massachusetts,  and  raised 
in  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  and  the  parents  of 
this  lady  were  born  in  Newfield,  Maine,  and  the  great- 
grandmother  of  Mrs.  Leonard  was  named  Hill.  Mrs. 
Leonard  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows,  James, 
deceased;  William  E.,  in  Whitman  county;  Leroy, 
Osage  City,  Kansas ;  Luther,  there  also ;  Marian,  wife 
of  O.  J.  Swanson,  in  Blackwell,  Oklahoma;  Ethel, 
wife  of  N.  B.  Rettinger,  near  Bossburg,  Washington ; 
Guy,  deceased.  Mr.  Leonard  affiliates  with  the  W. 
W.'at  Farmington.  Two  of  his  uncles  on  his  mother's 
side  fought  in  the  Union  army  and  one  gave  his  life 
for  his  country. 


JAMES   T.   WILSON.     This  gentleman   is   one 
of  the  leading  stock   fanciers  of  the  northwest,  and 


hibited  here.  His  farm  is  about  one  mile  east  from 
Moscow,  which  is  his  headquarters,  and  he  is  well 
known  throughout  the  entire  region,  both  for  the 
success  he  has  achieved  in  the  line  mentioned  as  well 
as  for  the  real  qualities  of  moral  worth  that  are  ex- 
hibited in  his  daily  walk. 

James  T.  Wilson  was  born  in  Rockcastle,  Ken- 
tucky, on  February  13,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Mary  A.  (Wylie)  Wilson,  who  removed  to  Car- 
thage, Hancock  county,  Illinois,  while  the  son  was  a 
child.  There'  he  was  favored  with  a  good  high  school 
education,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  went  to  Kan- 
sas, where  he  soon  took  a  pre-emption  and  gave  his 
attention  to  farming  for  two  years,  when  he  removed 
to  Stockton,  California,  and  engaged  in  the  stock  and 
dairying  business  for  one  year.  Then  he  repaired  to 
San  Luis  Obispo,  in  the  same  state,  and  took  up  the 
dairying  business'  for  fourteen  years.  He  finally  sold 
this  business  and  went  to  Kansas,  farming  for  two 
years,  then  removed  to  Fort  Scott,  taking  up  the 
wholesale  flour  and  feed  business,  after  which  he  went 
to  Atchison  county  and  took  up  the  life  of  a  stock 
fancier.  Then  he  removed  to  Moscow,  purchasing 
eighty  acres  as  stated  above  and  this  has  been  his 
headquarters  for  his  business  since.  He  also  owns 
a  quarter  section  four  miles  northwest  from  Moscow, 
which  is  being  stocked  and  put  in  shape  for  a  fine  stock 
fancier's  operations.  Mr.  Wilson  has  the  finest  Eng- 
lish Shire  horse  in  the  west,  also  a  magnificent  Short- 
horn bull,  thoroughbred,  which  are  for  stock  purposes, 
and  he  also  has  some  good  Poland  China  hogs,  and  he 
usually  has  a  limited  number  of  fine  animals  for  sale. 
It  is  worthy  of  credit  to  Mr.  Wilson,  that  he  has 
labored  so  faithfully  and  well  for  the  advancement  of 


done  much  in  this  line,  being  recognized  as  one  of  the 
leading  stockmen  in  the  country. 

In  1884  Mr.  Wilson  married' Miss  Laura  Grewell, 
and  one  child  was  born  to  them,  Claude  S.,  now  about 
to  graduate  from  the  high  school.  In  1884  Mrs.  Wil- 


son died,  being  deeply  mourned  by  all  who  knew 
her.  On  May  25,  1888,  Mr.  Wilson  married  again, 
Miss  Julia,  daughter  of  Fred  and  Sarah  Loring,  of 
Carthage,  Illinois,  becoming  his  bride,  and  to  bless 
the  union,  two  children  have  been  born,  Ruth,  going 
to  school,  and  the  other  deceased.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  his  wife  of  the  R.  X.  A., 
and  they  both  affiliate  with  the  Methodist  church, 
being  stanch  supporters  of  their  faith,  and  valuable 
members  of  society. 


JOHN  J.  HEICK.  Among  the  representative  ag- 
riculturists and  substantial  citizens  of  Latah  county, 

above,  and  who  has  labored  here  before  the  organiza- 
tion of  Latah  county  for  the  development  of  nature's 
wilds  and  the  upbuilding  of  the  country.  In  the  little 
land  of  Denmark,  whose  sturdy  and  sagacious  citi- 
zens have  maintained  a  separate  state  among  the 
great  powers  of  Europe  for  an  indefinite  time,  the 
subject  of  this  brief  review  was  born,  the  date  being 
July  17,  1853,  the  place,  Agerskov,  and  his  parents, 
John  and  Annie  (Bunedesen)  Heick,  natives  of  the 
same  country,  and  occupied  in  farming.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  place,  and  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  years  went  out  from  the  parental  roof 
to  undertake  the  battle  of  life  for  himself,  being  oc- 
cupied in  working  for  wages  on  the  neighboring 
farms  until  1875,  when  he  was  twenty-two  years  of 
age,  then  embarked  for  America.  He  first  settled  in 
Chicago,  and  one  year  later  went  to  California  and 
took  up  farming  for  one  and  one-half  years  in  Mon- 
terey county.  Thence  he  migrated  to  Yamhill  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  and  from  that  place  came  to  Whitman  coun- 
ty, Washington.  In  the  fall  of  1877,  he  homesteaded 
his  present  place,  three  miles  north  from  Moscow  and 
there  he  has  bestowed  his  labors  in  producing  the 
fruits  of  the  field  and  in  raising  stock,  with  the  success 
that  properly  belongs  to  thrift  and  enterprise  and  wisely 
directed  efforts.  He  has  good  improvements  and  a  fine 
five-acre  orchard. 

Mr.  Heick  was  married  in  Latah  county,  on  May 
7,  1 88 1,  to  Mary  E.,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  M.  and  Pauline  Rogers,  mention  of 
whom  is  mad'e  in  this  volume.  To  this  worthy  couple 
were  born  the  following  children,  Cora,  Chester  A., 
Rena  and  Ruth.  Mr.  Heick  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  progressive 

of  the  county  and  the  welfare  of  all,  while  commenda- 
ble sagacity  has  been  displayed  in  the  management  of 
his  business  interests. 


JAMES.  L.  MILLER. 
lion  of  the  west,  as  a  fa 
pecially  as  a  hotel  man,  t 
well  known  and  he  now  op 


r  and  stockman  and  es 
subject  of  this  sketch  i 
tes  one  of  the  best  house 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  the  city  of  Moscow,  the  Commercial  Hotel,  where 
he  does  a  thriving  business  and  merits  the  rich  pat- 
ronage that  he  receives,  because  of  his  affability  and 
careful  attention  to  the  comfort  of  his  guests. 

Mr.  Miller  was  born  in  Dauphin  county,  Pennsly- 
vania,  on  October  3,  1845,  being  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Catherine  (Chive)  Miller,  of  Pennsylvania.  His 
education  was  received  in  the  common  schools  of 
his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
started  in  life  for  himself,  working  first  on  his  father's 
farm  and  in  the  vicinity  until  he  became  desirous  of 
seeing  the  west  and  then  he  started  to  Iowa,  whence  in 
1875  he  came  to  Portland,  remaining  there  one  and  one- 
half  years.  The  next  move  was  to  Colfax,  Washing- 
ton, and  from  there  he  went  to  Palouse,  where  he 
built  the  first  hotel  of  the  place,  naming  it  the  Pioneer. 
This  was  in  the  fall  of  1877  and  in  1881  he  sold  out 
and  removed  to  Cove,  Idaho,  thence  to  Princeton, 
•where  he  took  land  and  later  added  by  purchase  until 
he  had  a  fine  large  farm.  This  was  his  home  until 
February,  1900,  when  he  traded  the  land  for  the  Com- 
mercial Hotel  in  Moscow,  where  he  is  installed  at  the 
present  time.  The  building  is  eligibly  situated  and 
has  forty  bedrooms,  besides  the  living  rooms,  offices, 
dining  room  and  cuisine.  The  establishment  is 
handled  with  skill  and  is  one  of  the  popular  places  of 
the  country. 

Mr.  Miller  was  married  in  1873,  on  March  6,  to 
Miss  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  John  A.  and  Experience 
(Redford)'  Davis,  of  Indiana,  and  to  them  eight  chil- 
dren have  been  born.  Alfred  H.,  married  to  Emma 
McCoy  and  living  in  Moscow;  James  L.,  living  in 
Everett,  Washington;  George  O.,  at  home  with  his 
parents ;  Joseph  L.,  married  to  Venia  McCoy  and  liv- 
ing in  Moscow ;  Winifred,  deceased ;  Sanford  L.,  at- 
tending school;  Pearl  B.,  going  to  school;  an  infant 
deceased.  Mr.  Miller  takes  an  active  part  in  the  local 
politics  and  affairs  of  the  community,  being  always  on 
the  side  of  advancement  and  progress.  He  is  affili- 
ated with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  is  highly  esteemed  by 
his  fellows,  and  his  commendable  manner  in  handling 
his  business  affairs  has  placed  him  in  a  substantial 
position  of  competence. 


JAMES  R.  STRONG  is  at  present  holding  the  re- 
sponsible position  of  probate  judge  of  Latah  county, 
v^here  he  discharges  with  efficiency  and  faithfulness  the 
duties  that  devolve  upon  him.  He  was  born  in  Sulli- 
.van,  Ashland  county,  Ohio,  on  September  24,  1849, 
being  the  son  of  Oren  R.  and  Amanda  (Gibbs)  Strong, 
natives  respectively  of  New  York  and  Illinois.  The 
fr.ther  farmed  in  Ohio,  Illinois,  and  Kansas,  then  served 
three  and  one  half  years  in  the  Fourth  Missouri  Caval- 
rv.  Union  army,  for  his  country,  after  which  he  retired 
to  farm  life  in  Missouri.  Atc'hison  county,  that  state, 
was  the  scene  of  his  endeavors  as  a  farmer  and  dairy- 
man until  1876,  when  he  removed  to  Kansas,  and  in 
1892,  came  to  Idaho,  settling  in  Latah  county,  but  now 
has  retired  from  active  life  and  lives  at  Garfield,  Wash- 


ington. The  subject  of  this  sketch  remained  with  his 
father  until  twenty-one  years  had  rolled  by,  then  en- 
gaged in  farming  for  himself  in  Fremont  county,  Iowa. 
In  1876  he  sold  out  there  and  went  to  Illinois,  being 
married  in  that  state,  then  repaired  to  Riley  county, 
Kansas,  where  his  father  dwelt.  Eight  years  were 
spent  there  as  salesman  in  a  general  merchandise  es- 
tablishment, and  in  1890,  ^we  find  him  journeying  to 
Idaho.  He  settled  in  the  northern  part  of  Latah  coun- 
ty where  he  has  a  good  farm  at  the  present  time.  He 
taught  school  for  some  time  and  then  entered  the  lum- 
ber business,  being  eight  years  thus  occupied.  Then 
he  was  called  by  the  voice  of  the  people  to  the  office  of 
probate  judge  of  the  county,  where  he  is  now  filling 
his  second  term  with  acceptability.  His  residence  is 
in  the  city  of  Moscow. 

On  December  15,  1876,  Mr.  Strong  married  Miss 
Mary  M.  Putman,  a  native  of  Illinois,  the  nuptials  oc- 
curring in  Canton,  Fuller  county.  The  fruit  of  this 
happy  union  is  as  follows :  Alvah,  Eunice,  Ettie,  Alice. 
Mrs.  Strong's  parents  were  George  C.  and  Charlotte 
( Crosthwaite)  Putman,  farmers  of  Illinois.  Mr. 
Strong  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mrs.  Strono-  ^ 
affiliated  with  the  Methodist  church. 


JOSEPH  R.  COLLINS.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  one  of  the  most  popular  citizens  of  Latah  coun- 
ty, having  demonstrated  his  ability  and  integrity  in  a 
successful  and  active  business  career  within  its  pre- 
cincts, and  his  faithfulness  and  efficiency  in  discharg- 
ing in  a  commendable  manner  the  duties  that  devolved 
upon  him  from  the  public  offices  that  have  been  com- 
mitted to  his  care  by  the  people,  Mr.  Collins  is  a  native 
of  Union  county,  South  Dakota,  being  born  on  April 
T2,  1868,  to  Lycurgus  H.  and  Margaret  S.  (Wood) 
Collins.  The  parents  came  to  that  section  in  1859,  set- 
tling where  Elk  Point  is  now,  and  in  1877,  they  came  to 
this  county,  bringing  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The 
first  winter  was  spent  in  fort  Crumrine  west  of  Mos- 
cow, and  in  the  following  spring  the  father  took  up 
farming  in  Whitman  county,  Washington.  Joseph 
R.  assisted  his  father  on  the  farm  and  labored  as- 
siduously in  the  acquisition  of  an  education,  being  suc- 
cessful in  both  occupations.  After  reaching  his  ma- 
jority, he  was  engaged  in  buying  wheat  through  the 
Palouse  country  until  1894,  then  he  came  to  Juliaetta, 
this  county,  and  there  established  himself  in  the  mercan- 
tile business,  handling  a  general  line,  also  farm  imple- 
ments and  grain.  He  was  successful  from  the  be- 
ginning and  made  a  record  for  business  that  was  com- 
mendable, and  his  patronage  continued  to  grow  until 
he  decided  to  sell,  which  was  in  the  early  part  of  1899, 
and  in  November  of  that  year  he  was  elected  sheriff 
of  Latah  county  on  the  Republican  ticket  against  M. 
Driscoll,  of  Genesee.  He  made  a  fine  officer,  carrying 
the  same  uprightness  and  energy  into  the  discharge  of 
the  public  duties  entrusted  to  him  that  was  character- 
istic of  him  in  his  own  private  business  operations.  He 
has  won  friends  from  every  part  of  the  county  and  his 


JAMES  R.  STRONG. 


JOSEPH  R.  COLLINS. 


ELMINA  E.  FRY. 


MRS.  MATTIE  HEADINGTON. 


OSCAR  LARSON. 


BENJAMIN  .1 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


649 


sound  principles,  good  ability,  discretion,  and  faithful- 
ness are  deserving  of  the  encomiums  bestowed  and 
the  honors  given  by  the  franchises  of  the  people. 

Mr.  Collins  was' married  in  Coif  ax,  Washington,  on 
April  6,  1893,  the  lady  then  becoming  his  wife  being 
Miss  Avis  E.,  daughter  of  J.  A.  Hastings,  and  a  native 
of  California.  To  this  happy  couple  there  have  been 
born  the  following  offspring:  Harold  F.  and  Kenneth 
H.  Mr.  Collins  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Eureka 
Lodge,  No.  24 :  of  the  W.  of  W.,  Clearwater  Camp, 
No.  203 ;  and  of  the  Moscow  Circle,  No.  192,  Women 
of  Woodcraft.  Mr.  Collins  is  a  good  citizen,  a  thorough 
and  keen  business  man,  and  a  highly  respected  member 


OSCAR  LARSON.  Descended  from  the  world 
wide  famous  stock  which  first  discovered  the  new 
world,  the  subject  of  this  article  has  demonstrated  the 
force  of  his  nature  in  the  admirable  work  which  he  has 
accomplished  in  Latah  county,  being  a  leader  among  the 
business  men,  while  also  he'  has  discharged  the  public 
trusts  imposed  upon  him  by  the  franchises  of  the  peo- 
ple, in  a  manner  befitting  the  high  honor  of  his  per- 
sonality and  the  commendable  characteristics  constant- 
ly bestowed  by  him. 

Oscar  was  born  in  Waseca  county,  Minnesota,  on 
September  5,  1860,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Christina 
(Peterson)  Larson,  natives  of  Sweden,  who  came  to 
this  country  in  1853,  settling  first  in  Indiana  and  then 
removing  to  the  above  place  in  Minnesota.  The  mother 
<lied  in  October,  1900,  but  the  father  is  still  living  at 
the  home  place.  Our  subject  received  a  good  education 
and  assisted  his  father  on  the  farm  until  he  had  arrived 
at  twenty-four  years  of  age,  then  went  onto  a  farm  for 
himself,  laboring  until  1887,  then  migrated  to  Moscow, 
where  he  engaged  as  salesman  in  a  general  merchan- 
dise establishment.  In  1889  he  went  into  business  with 
O.  A.  Johnson  at  Moscow,  continuing  in  the  same  until 
1892,  when  he  organized  the  Vollmer  Milling  and  Mer- 
cantile Company,  establishing  himself  at  Troy,  Idaho. 
In  1898,  Mr.  Larson  was  called  by  the  franchise  of 
the  people  to  accept  the  office  of  county  clerk,  auditor, 
and  recorder,  and  for  four  years  he  was  found  in  the 
efficient  and  faithful  discharge  of  the  duties  thus  in- 
cumbent upon  him,  all  being  done  to  the  entire  satis- 
faction of  an  intelligent  public.  In  1899,  Mr.  Larson 
sold  out  his  interests  in  the  business  at  Troy,  to  his 
partner,  Mr.  Johnson,  and  is  at  the  present  time  living 
in  his  elegant  residence  in  the  city  of  Moscow.  Mr. 
Larson  has  a  fine  farm  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres 
seven  miles  west  from  Moscow,  and  he  gives  his  atten- 
tion to  the  superintending  of  this. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Larson  and  Miss  Hilda  M. 
Larson,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  celebrated  in  Waseca 
county,  Minnesota,  on  June  4,  1884,  and  they  have  be- 
come the  parents  of  three  children,  Esther  E.,  Elsie 
C.  and  J.  Clarence.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Larson  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  church  and  are  among  the  most 
substantial  and  popular  citizens  of  the  county. 


BENJAMIN  J.  JONES.  One  of  the  efficient  coun- 
ty officers  of  Latah  county,  a  capable  business  man,  be- 
ing engaged  in  general  farming  and  stock  raising,  the 
subject  of  this  article  is  well  known  throughout  the 
county,  and  deserves  a  place  among  the  real  builders  of 
the  county  in  its  history.  His  birth  was  in  Yadkin 
county,  North  Carolina,  and  the  date  was  April  i,  1865, 
his  parents  being  Benjamin  F.  and  Mary  (Chauser) 
Jones,  natives  of  the  same  state,  his  ancestors  for  four 
generations  being  prominent  and  capable  citizens  also 
of  the  Old  North  state.  Our  subject  remained  with  his 
father  until  1888,  when  he  came  to  the  west,  settling 
in  Latah  county.  Shortly  after  his  advent  here,  he 
engaged  with  the  O.  R.  &  N.  Company,  remaining  six 
months  in  their  employ,  then  he  accepted  the  manage- 
ment of  a  sawmill  company,  and  for  six  years  he 
wrought  steadily  there.  In  1895,  he  purchased  forty 
acres  of  his  present  farm;  in  1896  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres;  in  1899,  forty  acres;  in  1900,  two  hundred 
acre's;  in  1901,  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres.  It  is 
an  estate  of  seven  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  eighteen 
miles  north  from  Moscow,  being  composed  of  fine  farm- 
ing and  timber  land.  Here  he  gave  his  attention  to 
general  farming  and  raising  stock  with  creditable  suc- 
cess, until  November,  1900,  when  his  name  appeared 
on  the  Republican  ticket  as  assessor  and  tax  collector 
for  Latah  county,  and  the  people  of  the  county  prompt- 
ly elected  him  to  fill  that  position.  He  is  engaged  in 
this  labor  at  the  present  time,  having  transferred  his 
residence  to  the  county  seat. 

On  October  14,  1895,  Mr.  Jones  married  Miss  Eva 
Johnson,  a  native  of  Missouri,  whose  parents  died  when 
she  was  very  young.  At  the  time  of  her  marriage  she 
was  living  with  a  married  sister  in  this  county.  They 
have  become  the  parents  of  two  children,  Opal  and 
Genevieve.  Mrs.  Jones  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
church  and  Mr.  Jones  affiliates  with  the  W.  of  W.,  Pa- 
louse  Camp,  No.  97.  Mr.  Jones  is  a  capable  and  good 
man,  a  kind  and  genial  neighbor,  an  efficient  public 
officer,  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  all,  and  has  mani- 
fested a  commendable  sasracitv  and  thrift  in  all  of  his 
business  affairs. 


HENRY  HOWELL.  The  subject  of  this  article 
is  one  of  the  doughty  pioneers  and  intrepid  frontiers- 
men who  beat  back  the  savages  and  gave  this  country 
to  the  redemption  of  civilization,  being  also  himself 
one  who  has  wrought  for  its  progress  and  develop- 
ment with  wise  and  vigorous  labors.  He  resides  five 
miles  southeast  from  Farmington,  where  he  has  a 
fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  good 
land,  well  improved.  Mr.  Howell  was  born  in  East 
Tennessee  in  1842,  the  son  of  Duke  and  Margaret 
(Loomis)  Howell.  The  father  was  a  tailor  and  native 
cf  New  York,  while  the  mother  was  born  near  Knox- 
ville.  Tennessee,  and  her  parents  were  Henry  and 
Lizzie  Loomis.  The  other  children  of  their  family 
were  Samuel,  in  Tennessee;  Sarah,  wife  of  William 
Owens ;  Harriett,  wife  of  Alex  Carnes ;  Nancy,  all  in 
Tennessee. 


650 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Our  subject  remained  in  his  native  state  until 
thirteen,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  regular  army  and 
was  sent  across  the  plains  into  Nevada,  then  to  Fort 
Craig,  New  Mexico,  where  two  years  were  spent. 
The  next  move  was  to  Fort  Thorn,  on  the  Rio  Grande 
river,  whence  he  went  to  Fort  Tehone,  California, 
and  then  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  and  was  dis- 
charged one  year  after  his  arival.  At  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  First  Ore- 
gon Infantry,  and  served  until  the  2Oth  of  July,  1866. 
He  was  engaged  in  fighting  the  Nez  Perces  and  Couer 
d'Alene  Indians.  Following  this  service,  he  started 
for  Tennessee  but  stopped  at  Portland  and  returned 
to  The  Dalles,  whence  he  went  to  Vancouver  and 
thence  to  Linn  county,  Oregon.  He  worked  out  there 
and  then  bought  land  and  farmed  until  1882,  when 
he  sold  and  came  to  Latah  county.  He  took  a  home- 
stead and  lived  on  it  for  twelve  years  and  then  bought 
his  present  place,  which  has  been  the  family  home 
since  that  time. 

On  September  18,  1875,  Mr.  Howell  married  Miss 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Jackson  and  Elizabeth  (Wit- 
ten)  Oueener.  and  to  them  have  been  born  seven 
children,  Elizabeth,  deceased;  Mary,  in  British  Co- 
lumbia ;  Anna,  in  British  Columbia :  William,  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia;  Charles,  at  home;  Eva,  wife  of  Clay 
Noble,  living  near  Tekoa :  Clabe,  at  home.  Mr. 
Queener  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1814,  and  his  wife 
was  born  in  the  same  state  in  1818,  and  her  parents 
were  Elijah  and  Sarah  (Stover)  Whitten.  Mrs. 
Howell  has  brothers  and  sisters  named  as  follows,  Al- 
bert, deceased;  Martha,  wife  of  Joseph  Hill,  in  Nez 
Perces  county  Mary,  deceased;  Hulda,  wife  of  Ben- 
ton  Hill,  at  Kendrick :  James,  at  St.  Maries ;  William, 
in  Oregon :  George,  also  in  Oregon ;  Sarah,  wife  of 
John  Morris,  in  Oregon;  Claburn,  in  Oregon:  Bell, 
wife  of  Charles  Caldwell,  in  Latah  county.  Mr. 
Howell  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  his  wife  is 
a  member  of  the  Seventh  Day  Adventist  church.  It 
is  of  note  that  Mr.  Howell  was  with  General  Wright 
and  helped  in  the  execution  of  fifteen  Indians,  ten 
miles  from  Spokane,  Washington,  on  a  creek  that  is 
named  Hangman  creek  from  that  occurrence.  In  the 
battle  before  this  there  had  been  killed  about  fifteen 
hundred  ponies  and  twenty-one  Indians. 


MURDOCK  CAMERON.  To  the  highlands  of 
Scotland  we  have  to  go  to  find  the  birthplace  of  Mr. 
Cameron,  and  1849  was  the  date  of  this  event,  his  par- 
ents being  Finlay  and  Ann  Cameron,  natives  of  the 
same  country.  Our  subject  is  the  brother  of  Daniel 
Cameron,  mention  of  whom  is  made  in  this  volume. 
In  1866  he  came  to  this  country  with  Daniel  and  they 
were  together  in  the  travels  and  labors  outlined  here- 
tofore, and  in  1871,  together,  they  made  their  way  into 
the  territory  now  embraced  in  the  county  of  Latah. 
They  took  homesteads,  our  subject  now  living  on  his 
four  miles  north  from  Moscow.  He  has  added  by 
purchase  to  the  original  place  until  he  has  four  hun- 


dred acres  of  land,  which  make  one  of  the  typical  farms 
of  the  entire  county,  being  handled  in  a  skillful  manner 
and  annually  producing  abundant  returns  of  good 
crops.  Mr.  Cameron  has  always  taken  the  part  of  the 
wise  and  interested  citizen  in  the  affairs  of  the  county 
and  state  and  has  done  much  for  the  upbuilding  of  the 
same,  while  he  has  prosecuted  his  own  private  enter- 
prises with  vigor  and  sagacity.  He  has  a  fine  house, 
commodious  and  substantial  out  buildings  and  barns, 
and  his  farm  bears  the  imprint  of  good  management 
and  thrift  in  every  department. 

In  180.2.  Mr.  Cameron  made  his  way  back  to  the 
land  of  his  nativity,  and  there  on  March  15,  of  the 
same  vear,  in  the  town  of  Roshshire,  he  married  Miss 
Annie,  daughter  of  John  and  Maggie  McKenzie,  na- 
tives of  Scotland,  the  daughter  also  being  native  to 
that  land.  Their  bridal  trip  was  the  journey  to  the 
western  home  provided  by  the  sturdy  labors  of  Mr. 
Cameron  and  here  they  have  been  blessed  by  the  ad- 
vent of  four  children,  Ann,  Maggie,  Christina  and 
Finlay.  Mr.  Cameron  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  and  are  faithful  exponents  of  the 
faith  they  hold,  while  they  are  valuable  members  of 
society  and  esteemed  by  all. 


MARQUES  L.  SMITH.  This  representative 
agriculturist  dwells  seven  miles  northeast  from  Gar- 
field  and  owns  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land 
well  improved.  He  raises  a  diversity  of  crops  and 
fruits  and  also  cattle  and  horses.  Mr.  Smith  was  born 
in  Marion  county.  Indiana,  near  Indianapolis,  on  Sep- 
tember 8,  1839,  the  son  of  Simeon  and  Hannah  (Mc- 
Coy) Smith.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith,  born  in 
Lincoln  county,  Kentucky,  on  March  6,  1810,  and  died 
in  March,  1876.  The  grandfather,  Hezekiah  Smith, 
fought  under  George  Washington,  for  six  years  in 
the  Revolutionary  war.  The  great-grandfather, 
Hezekiah  Smith,  was  murdered  by  the  Tories  and  In- 
dians while  his  son,  Hezekiah,  was  fighting  for  the 
independence  of  the  colonies.  Our  subject  learned 
the  blacksmith  trade  and  worked  with  his  father  and 
attended  subscription  school.  He  remained  at  home 
until  twenty-two  years  of  age.  The  father  went  to 
Fremont  county,  Iowa,  in  1857  and  opened  up  a 
blacksmith  shop  and  there  wrought  until  his  death. 
When  the  war  broke  out  Marques  L.  enlisted  in  Cor 
pany  A,  Fourth  Iowa,  and  served  two  years.  Fol- 
lowing this  he  returned  to  his  old  home  and  farmed 
there  until  February,  1877,  when  he  removed  to  Yolo 
county,  California,  and  there  engaged  in  black-smithing 
until  1880.  Then  he  came  to  Latah  county,  having 
explored  it  in  1877,  visiting  in  the  fort  at  Moscow  and 
Palouse  during  the  Indian  outbreak.  He  took  a  fai 
in  Whitman  county,  just  across  the  line  from  his 
present  farm.  Later  he  bought  his  present  place  a 
has  resided  there  since  that  time. 

On  December  23,  1860,  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss 
Sarah  J.,  daughter  of  McCoy  and  Sarah  (Jones)  Mal- 
com,  and  to  them  have  been  born  eight  children,  2 
follows:  Charles  S.,  in  Latah  county;  Carleton  R.,  i 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


651 


Latah  county  ;  Thomas,  in  Whitman  county,  Washing- 
ton ;  Peter,  at  home ;  Harrison,  deceased ;  Elberta,  wife 
of  J.  T.  Green,  in  Farmington ;  Louisa  M.,  wife  of 

eiseph  Martin,  in  Latah  county ;. Clara,  wife  of  L.  E. 
arrington,  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr.  Malcom  was 
born  in  Wayne  county.  Indiana,  in  1818,  and  his  wife 
was  born  in  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  in  1819.  Mrs. 
Smith  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  Indiana,  on  Feb- 
ruary i,  1842,  and  her  brothers  and  sisters  are  as  fol- 

[  lows :  James,  deceased,  and  the  others  are  all  in  Iowa, 
John,  Isaac,  Albert  and  George.  Mr.  Smith  had  one 
brother,  Andrew,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are 
members  of  the  United  Brethren  church  at  Cedar 

!  creek.  Mr.  Smith  was  nominated  by  the  Populist 
party  for  state  senator  and  came  within  nine  votes  of 
being  elected.  He  and  his  wife  were  delegates  to  the 
national  Populist  convention  in  Omaha.  In  1898  Mr. 
Smith  was  elected  for  county  commissioner  on  the  Pop- 
ulist ticket  and  discharged  his  duties  with  credit  to 
himself  and  benefit  to  the  county.  He  is  always  ac- 
tive in  politics  and  is  ever  laboring  for  the  progress  of 
the  countv. 


JOHN  E.  GRINER.  This  enterprising  and  intel- 
ligent farmer  resides  on  two  hundred  and  forty  acres 
of  fine  land  seven  miles  east  from  Garfield,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  raises  abundant  returns  of  diversified 
crops,  having  his  farm  well  improved  and  cultivated. 
John  E.  was  born  in  Butler  county,  Pennsylvania,  on 
February  22.  1859,  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Carnah'an)  Griner.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in 
1835,  the  son  of  Jacob  Griner,  while  the  mother  was 
born  in  the  Keystone  state  in  1839,  and  her  parents, 
Samuel  and  Susan,  were  born  there  also.  Our  subject 
gained  his  education  from  the  common  schools  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Kansas.  The  family  removed  to 
Kansas  in  1870,  settling  in  Pottawatomie  county, 
where  they  farmed  and  raised  stock  for  sixteen  years, 
then  decided  to  come  west  and  landed  in  Spokane,  over 
the  Northern  Pacific  road,  on  February  22,  1886.  A 
short  stay  there  sufficed  and  then  the  father  came  to 
Latah  county  and  took  land  which  he  farmed  until  his 
death  in  1899.  Our  subject  bought  a  quarter  section 
of  land,  mentioned  above,  and  to  the  improvement  and 
cultivation  of  this  he  has  assiduously  devoted  himself 
that  time. 

Mr.  Griner  married  Miss  Maggie  Bills,  on  October 
23,  1884.  in  Kansas,  and  to  this  union,  four  children 
have  been  born,  Nellie,  Grace,  Earl  and  James.  Mrs. 
Griner's  father,  John  Bills,  was  a  miller  born  in  In- 
diana, in  January,  1829.  and  her  mother,  Julia  (Hill) 
Bills,  was  bor.n 'September  12.  1846  in  Ohio.  Mrs. 
Griner  was  born  in  Indiana,  on  March  18,  1862,  and 
she  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Wilber, 
in  Kansas:  Allie,  wife  of  George  Griner,  in  Latah 
county;  Ola.  wife  of  John  Conkling,  in  Oklahoma; 
George,  in  Kansas ;  Josie,  wife  of  Elmer  Mark,  living 
in  southern  Kansas.  Mr.  Griner  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters  :  Henry,  in  Garfield  ;  Josiah, 
deceased ;  Oliver,  deceased ;  George,  in  Latah  county ; 
Mary,  deceased:  Hettie,  wife  of  Columbus  Cockrell, 


in  Latah  county;  Phillip,  on  Camas  Prairie:  Maggie, 
wife  of  E.  C."  Covey,  in  Washington;  Pollard,  de- 
ceased; Bertha,  wife  of  William  Hayden,  in  Latah. 
Mrs.  Griner  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 
Mr.  Griner  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county 
and  stands  in  esteem  among  his  fellows. 


JAMES  D.  KUNES.  This  enterprising  and 
substantial  farmer  and  intelligent  citizen  of  Latah  coun- 
ty is  rightly  classed  among  the  prominent  and  progres- 
sive men  o'f  his  section  and  as  one  of  the  real  builders 
of  the  county  and  developers  of  the  same,  he  is  entitled 
to  representation  in  this  volume  of  its  history,  being 
also  a  man  of  excellent  personal  qualities  and  of  a  good 
standing  among  his  fellows. 

Mr.  Kunes  was  born  in  Centre  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  June  19,  1841,  being  the  son  of  Jacob  and 
Hannah  (Lucas)  Kunes.  He  was  educated  in  his  na- 
tive state  and  there  remained  engaged  in  farming  and 
lumbering  until  1878.  He  was  determined  then  to  see 
the  west  for  himself  and  to  investigate  its  resources. 
He  accordingly  came  to  Oregon  and  after  one  year 
spent  there  he'  made  his  way  to  Idaho.  He  went  to 
work  at  lumbering  on  the  Clearwater,  and  there  and  in 
other  sections  he  was  engaged  until  1886,  when  he  took 
his  present  place,  as  government  land.  His  farm  lies 
twelve  miles  northeast  from  Kendrick,  being  near 
Linden,  and  in  addition  to  the  quarter  section  in  the 
home  place  he  has  eighty  acres  of  land  near  by,  making 
a  total  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres.  He  devotes 
himself  to  general  farming  and  also  has  a  good 
orchard,  having  his  farm  well  improved. 

In  Cameron  county,  Pennsylvania,  occurred  the 
marriage  of  Mr.  Kunes  and  M'iss  Sarah  Lupro,  the 
nuptials  occurring  in  1870,  and  to  them  has  been  born 
one  child,  Maud,  wife  of  George  Welker,  living  in 
Latah  county. 

Mr.  David  Kunes.  a  brother  of  our  subject,  lives 
with  the  latter.  David  Kunes  was  born  in  Centre 
county,  Pennsylvania,  on  August  25,  1836,  and  he  and 
his  brother  have  been  together  most  of  their  lives. 
David  was  married  in  Pennsylvania,  but  his  wife  died 
in  the  early  seventies.  He  has  one  son,  George  Kunes, 
living  in  'Pennsylvania.  These  brothers  are  well 
known  and  highly  respected  men  and  have  always  con- 
ducted themselves  in  a  commendable  manner,  with 
manifestation  of  uprightness  and  goodly  virtues. 


CHARLES  B.  TOWNE.  This  representative 
citizen  and  capable  agriculturist,  and  substantial  and 
upright  man  is  entitled  to  a  place  among  the  leading 
citizens  of  Latah  county  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  accord  him  such  in  this  volume,  being  assured  that 
he  is  one  who  has  labored  faithful  and  wisely  for  the 
upbuilding  of  this  county  and  to  make  it  what  it  is  at 
this  time,  one  of  the  leading  counties  of  the  state. 
Charles  B.  was  born  in  Clayton  county,  Iowa,  on  Jan- 
uary 7,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Ethamer  S.  and  Ellen 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


L.  Towne,  natives  of  New  York  and  farmers  there  until 
they  came  west  to  Iowa  and  Minnesota,  whence  in 
1876.  they  went  to  California,  and  eight  months  later 
•came  to  Idaho,  selecting  a  homestead  adjoining  that 
now  occupied  by  our  subject,  which  is  five  miles  north 
from  Moscow.'  Here  the  father  farmed  until  1891 
when  he  retired  from  active  work  and  is  now  living 
with  his  son,  Albert,  in  the  vicinity  of  Moscow.  Our 
subject  took  his  present  place  at  the  same  time  his  fa- 
ther homesteaded  the  adjoining  quarter.  He  had  re- 
mained with  his  father  up  to  that  time  and  then  he 
continued  to  live  with  the  parents,  working  both  places 
until  1887,  when  he  removed  onto  his  own  and  there 
he  has  dwelt  since  that  time.  He  has  devoted  his 
entire  attention  to  farming  and  stock  raising  and  he 
has  achieved  a  good  success,  having  now  two  hundred 
and  forty  acres,  well  improved  and  stocked,  which 
produce  abundant  returns  in  crops. 

On  May  14,  1884,  Mr.  Towne  took  unto  himself  a 
wife,  the  lady  of  his  choice  being  Miss  Jennie  E.,  a 
native  of  South  Dakota,  and  daughter  of  Hezekiah 
and  Mary  J.  Townsend,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  but 
now  farmers  of  South  Dakota.  To  this  amiable  and 
happy  union  there  have  been  born  two  children,  Edgar 
and  Nettie.  Mr.  Towne  is  a  man  of  good  ability  and 
he  has  manifested  commendable  wisdom  in  the  mani- 
pulation of  his  business  affairs  while  also  he  has  not 
failed  to  evince  an  active  interest  in  the  political  mat- 
ters and  local  doings,  and  he  has  ever  shown  a  broad 
public  spirit  and  characteristic  uprightness  and  in- 
tegrity. 


M.  J.  SHIELDS  was  born  in  Lockport,  Niagara 
county,  New  York,  on  September  15,  1852.  being  the 
son  of  John  and  Bessie  (Tyan)  Shields.  His  early 
schooling  was  received  in  his  native  place  and  later  he 
studied  in  Rochester,  New  York,  but  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen went  into  the  sterner  duties  of  life.  In  1870,  he 
removed  to  San  Francisco  and  remained  there  until 
1878.  then  came  to  Moscow.  He  first  started  as  a 
dealer  in  implements,  also  handling  mill  machinery, 
and  for  a  time  he  had  the  largest  distributing  ware- 
house in  the  entire  Palouse  country.  He  established 
saw  mills  in  addition  to  this  mammoth  business  and 
his  usual  success  attended  him  in  this  venture,  and  he 
handled  the  products  of  the  forest  from  the  rough  logs 
to  the  finest  finishing  material,  having  the  necessary- 
saw  and  planing  mills  for  the  manufacture  of  all  this. 
In  1899  he  confined  his  efforts  to  implements  alone  and 
growing  and  handling  grass  seeds  of  all  kinds.  He 
owns  twelve  hundred  acres  of  fine  land  which  he  de- 
votes to  this  purpose,  and  the  seeds  from  this  excellent 
farm  find  their  way  all  over  the  country.  He  handles 
about  two  hundred  head  of  cattle  on  this  farm,  which 
are  fed  from  the  remnants  of  the  seed  productions. 
The  farm  has  the  capacity  of  five  hundred  head  and  he 
will  soon  add  this  number.  For  the  selling  of  the  pro- 
ductions, he  has  a  three  story  brick  building  in  the 
center  of  the  city,  with  ground  plan  twenty-five  by 
one  hundred  feet.  In  addition  to  his  fine  business,  Mr. 
Shields  owns  and  operates  the  electric  light  plant  of 


retail  store  for  electrical 
sSai 


the  city  and  also  ope 
furnishings. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Shields  and  Miss  Sarah  A., 
daughter  of  John  E.  and  Mary  Henry,  and  a  native  of 
Thomaston,  Maine,  was  celebrated  in  1886  and  „ 
them  have  been  born  four  children,  namely :  Fred  M., 
Madeline  M.,  James  H.  and  Louis  H.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Shields  are  members  of^the  Roman  Catholic  church, 
while  he  affiliates  also  with  the  Elks. 


HENRY  C,  SMITH.  This  capable  and  substai 
tial  agriculturist  and  stockman  is  one  of  the  prominent 
men  of  Latah  county  and  deserving  of  mention  in  this 
volume  of  his  county's  history,  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  accord  him  consideration.  Henry  C.  was  born 
in  Clark  county,  Ohio,  on  January  3,  1845,  the  son  of 
Peter  and  Pho;be  (Judy)  Smith.  The  father  wa 
school  teacher  and  real  estate  dealer,  born  in  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio,  in  1802.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1807,  her  parents  being  John  and  Phoebe  (LaMasters) 
Judy.  In  addition  to  our  subject,  this  worthy  couple 
had'  other  children,  as  follows  :  Elizabeth,  deceased ; 
Orlanda,  deceased;  Ellen,  deceased;  Matilda,  de- 
ceased; Alonzo  in  Wardner,  Idaho;  Nancy  A.,  wife  of 
Captain  E.  C.  Davis,  in  Sumner,  Illinois ;  John  J.,  died 
in  service,  during  the  Civil  war ;  Mary,  wife  of  H.  H. 
Rurbank,  deceased ;  Rhoda  T.,  wife  of  George  Heath, 
deceased;  Peter  J.,  with  the  county  commissioners  of 
King  county,  Washington ;  Samuel  M.,  in  Latah  co 
ty :  Phoebe  C.,  wife  of  Harrison  Combs,  in  East  St. 
Louis.  In  1846,  the  parents  took  our  subject  to  Law- 
rence county,  Illinois,  and  he  remained  at  home  until 
1870,  then  went  to  work  for  himself,  engaging  in  the 
manufacture  of  lumber,  which  occupied  him  for  four 
years.  This  labor  was  in  Jasper  county,  and  in  1875 
he  took  a  contract  for  building  bridges,  and  in  the  fall 
of  that  year  he  came  to  Puget  Sound.  He  engaged  i 
farming  until  1878,  when  he  came  to  the  territory  now 
embraced  in  Latah  county.  He  bought  the  right  of 
another  man  and  homesteaded  his  present  place,  s' 
miles  east  from  Garfield,  and  this  has  been  the  family 
home  since  that  time. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Smith  and  Miss  Narcie, " 
daughter  of  Lorenzo  D.  and  Lucinda  (Ray)  Jameson, 
was  solemnized  on  January  23,  1879,  m  Latah  county, 
and  the  following  named  children  have  been  born  to 
them;  Phoebe  L.,  an  educator  in  Whitman  county; 
Harry  C.,  attending  the  university  at  Moscow ;  Henry 
M..  at  home ;  Minnie,  attending  the  university  at  Mos- 
cow. Mr.  Jameson  was  a  native  of  Tennessee  and  his 
wife  was  born  in  1840,  while  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in 
Arkansas,  in  1862,  and  died  on  September  10,  1888. 
Her  brothers,  and  sisters  were  named  as  follows :  Za- 
relda,  wife  of  S.  M.  Smith,  in  Latah  county;  Sarah, 
wife  of  J.  H.  Horton,  in  Latah  county :  Cordelia,  de- 
ceased; Charles,  in  Wardner,  Idaho;  Margaret,  wife 
of  Thomas  J.  Woods,  in  Whitman  county:  Rebecca  J., 
wife  of  F.  S.  Heath,  in  Latah  county;  Ralph  R.,  in 
Mullan,  Idaho,  an  engineer  and  assayer;  Arthur,  in 
Nez  Perces  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  members 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


65J 


of  the  United  Brethren  church  and  he  has  been  justice 
of  the  peace  for  sixteen  years.  He  is  active  in  politics, 
being  allied  with  the  Republican  party.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  school  board  and  is  always  laboring  for 
the  betterment  of  educational  facilities.  The  farm  of 
our  subject  embraces  one  quarter  section  and  is  well 
tilled  and  a  model,  producing  abundant  crops  of  di- 
versified grains  and  grasses,  while  an  orchard  of  five 
hundred  choice  trees  adds  great  value  to  the  place. 
The  father  of  our  subject  was  a  man  of  strong  feeling 
for  the  Union  cause  and  he  labored  faithfully  for  the 
principles  that  triumphed.  He  served  as  revenue  col- 
lector in  the  eleventh  district  under  Lincoln. 


WALTER  W.  BEAN.  In  Rock  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  February  17,  1858,  Walter  Bean  was  born  to 
Edward  and  Mary  (Vaughn)  Bean,  the  father  a 
farmer  and  native  of  Vermont.  The  parents  died 
when  this  child  was  small  and  he  went  to  live  with  his 
brother-in-law.  Orin  Vilie.  He  attended  school  and 
worked  for  Mr.  Vilie  until  his  fourteenth  year,  then 
started  the  battle  of  life  for  himself.  However,  when 
Mr.  Vilie  moved  into  Lodi  and  took  up  the  harness 
business,  our  subject  worked  at  harness  making  for  a 
time  and  then  went  to  the  lumber  regions  of  the  north. 
Later  he  spent  one  year  with  the  home  people  and  then 
bought  a  ticket  to  Kelton,  Utah,  and  thence  he  carne 
by  stage  to  Walla  Walla,  and  from  there  direct  to 
Latah  county,  to  his  brother  James,  whose  place  is  just 
south  of  that  owned  by  our  subject.  It  was  December 

[  15,  1879,  when  Mr.  B'ean  landed  in  Walla  Walla  and 
since  that  time  he  has  steadily  labored  for  the  de- 
velopment and  progress  of  Latah  county.  In  1883  he 
squatted  on  his  present  farm,  seven  miles  east  from 
Garfield,  being  just  in  time  to  save  it  from  falling  into 
the  hands  of  the  railroad  as  lieu  land.  He  has  now 

•  one-half  section  well  improved,  and  skillfully  tilled, 
it  being  one  of  the  excellent  farms  of  the  county.  He 

;  has  good  buildings  and  orchard  and  raises  the  cereals, 
hay  and  stock. 

'  On  March  18,  1883,  he  married  Miss  Louisa  A., 
daughter  of  Robert  and  Eleanor  (Hughes)  Dailey,  the 
nuptials  occurring  in  Latah  county,  and  to  them  have 
been  born  three  children,  Elsie,  Itha  J.,  Charlie  W. 

I  Mrs.  Bean's  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania on  October  17,  1828,  and  his  parents  were  natives 
of  Virginia.  Her  mother  was  born  February  9,  1838, 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  her  mother  was  Louisa  (Strong) 
Hughes.  Mrs.  Bean  was  born  in  Illinois,  on  Septem- 

I  ber  13,  1860,  and  educated  in  the  public  schools.  Her 
brothers  and  sisters  are  named  as  follows,  James,  in 
Latah  county;  John  L.,  and  Hughes  I.,  both  in  Nez 
Perces  county;  Anna,  wife  of  W.  W.  Davis;  Robert 

i  R.,  Charles  M.,  the  last  three  in  Latah  county.  Mr. 
Bean  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Enoch, 
deceased ;  James,  in  Latah  county,  was  an  old  soldier ; 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  Mr.  Warner,  in  Portland;  Sarah, 
wife  of  Oran  M.  Vilie;  Edward,  deceased,  was  a  sol- 
dier; Hepsie,  wife  of  Benjamin  Howard,  in  Asotin 


county;  Ira,  in  Wisconsin;  Ellen,  in  Latah  county; 
Elsie,' in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Hulda,  wife  of  Mr.  Spen- 
cer, in  Asotin  county ;  Willie  T.,  in  Nez  Perces  county. 
Mr.  Bean  is  a  strong  believer  in  the  virtues  of  tem- 
perance and  a  strict  adherent  of  his  faith,  while  he  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church,  in 
Palouse.  He  has  been  on  the  school  board  for  eight 
years  and  evinces  an  ardent  interest  in  the  betterment 
of  educational  facilities. 


WILLIAM  P.  DALE.  This  well  known  and  rep- 
resentative business  man  of  Moscow  who  is  handling 
a  first-class  dray,  bus  and  mail  line  is  deserving  of 
much  credit  for  the  faithful  way  in  which  he  has 
wrought  not  only  since  coming  to  Latah  county  but 
since  he  came  to  the  western  regions,  which  dates 
back  for  many  years,  he  having  passed  a  life  full  of 
the  stirring  experiences  incident  to  pioneering  and 
hardships  that  make  the  frontiersman  self-subsistent 
and  fearless. 

William  P.  was  born  in  Nicholas  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  October  9,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Joshua 
Dale,  now  of  Ray  county,  Missouri.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  this  latter  place  while  he  was  an  infant  and 
there  he  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools, 
and  at  the  early  age  of  fifteen  started  for  himself, 
laboring  in  a  manufactory  and  salesroom  of  a  tobac- 
co house  for  two  years.  Then  in  1865  he  set  out  across 
the  plains  with  a  mule  team.  The  trains  preceding  and 
following  his  were  much  troubled  by  the  Indians  and 
many  were  the  gruesome  sights  of  corpses,  burned 
wagons  and  decaying  animals  that  met  their  gaze  as 
they  journeyed,  and  at  Fort  Laramie  some  detestable 
white  men  rigged  themselves  as  Indians  and  stole 
the  stock.  In  due  time  he  arrived  in  Walla  Walla 
and  immediately  set  out  driving  seven  yoke  of  exen 
from  that  city  to  Rocky  bar  in  Idaho,  hauling  the  ma- 
chinery for  a  stamp  mill.  Three  months  were  con- 
sumed in  the  trip  and  the  dead  of  winter  was  on  them 
before  they  reached  the  end  and  our  subject  suffered 
terribly,  freezing  his  feet,  from  which  he  did  not  re- 
cover for  six  months,  in  fact  they  trouble  him  to  this 
day.  Later  he  bought  mule  outfits  and  freighted  to 
Boise  and  Silver  City  until  1868,  then  to  Orofino  for 
one  year,  then  sold  the  teams  and  repaired  to  the  ter- 
ritory now  embraced  in  Latah  county.  He  took  a  pre- 
emption and  homestead,  and  one  year  later  went  to 
packing  from  Lewiston  to  the  mines,  and  then  fol- 
lowed a  mining  excitement  to  the  Swauk,  where  he 
lost  one  thousand  dollars  and  gained  nothing  but  ex- 
perience from  which  trip  he  returned  to  Wallula  and 
went  to  work  for  Dr.  Baker.  Soon  he  came  on  to 
Lewiston  where  he  packed  for  Grosteen  &  Benard,  and 
in  1877  came  back  to  Latah  county  where  he  has  re- 
mained since  that  time. 

Mr.  Dale  and  Martha  C.  Robie  were  married  in 
1886.  He  affiliates  with  the  Royal  Arcanum.  It  is 
of  note  that  Mr.  Dale  assisted  materially  in  building 
the  fortifications  here  during  the  Indian  trouble,  and 


6S4 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


at  one  time,  he  and  three  or  four  others  were  sur- 
rounded by  two  hundred  Indians  who  demanded  their 
execution  on  a  rumor  that  one  of  them  had  murdered  a 
squaw.  Mr.  Dale,  being  able  to  speak  their  language, 
succeeded  in  staying  their  murderous  designs  until  an 
investigation  could  be  held  when  the  charge  was  shown 
to  be  groundless.  Mr.  Dale  has  labored  in  all  the 
various  and  arduous  callings  of  the  frontiersman,  and 
has  certainly  done  a  noble  part  in  the  opening  up  of 
this  country,  and  he  deserves  the  honor  bestowed  upon 
the  pioneer,  and  he  is  esteemed  and  honored  by  all. 


RICHARD  BEASLEY.  It  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  accord  to  the  representative  agriculturist,  and  capa- 
ble and  substantial  citizen  and  stockman  whose  name 
initiates  this  paragraph,  since  he  has  labored  here 
from  a  time  previous  to  the  organization  of  Latah 
county  with  display  of  energy  and  assiduity  and  has 
accumulated  a  generous  portion  of  this  world's  goods 
as  a  recompense  for  his  thrift  and  industry,  while  com- 
mensurate with  these  excellent  qualities  are  his  in- 
trinsic moral  worth  and  unswerving  integrity  that  have 
constantly  been  in  evidence  since  that  time. 

Richard  was  born  in  Schuyler  county,  Missouri, 
on  November  10,  1845,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Dulcena  (Westrope)  Beasley.  natives  respectively  of 
Tennessee  and  Kentucky.  They  went  to  Missouri  in 
1840  and  farmed  there  until  1865,  when  the  family 
came  across  the  plains,  settling  in  Umatilla  county, 
Oregon.  Our  subject  and  the  father  engaged  in 
the  stock  business  together  until  1878,  when  he  bought 
the  son's  interest.  In  the  same  year,  Richard  came 
to  Idaho,,  settling  in  Paradise  valley,  where  he  pur- 
chased a  quarter  section  and  homesteaded  another. 
Here  he  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising  until 
1890,  when  he  sold  that  property  and  bought  a  place 
rive  and  one-half  miles  north  from  Moscow.  This 
farm  contained  two  hundred  and  sixty-seven  acres. 
Recently  he  sold  it  and  moved  to  Moscow.  The 
father  remained  in  Oregon  until  1884,  and  then  sold 
and  came  to  Latah  county,  living-  with  his  children 
until  the  time  of  his  demise,  which  occurred  in  1891, 
the  mother  also  passed  away  in  1894.  Both  are  buried 
in  the  Moscow  cemetery. 

On  August  5,  1872,  in  Umatilla  county,  Oregon, 
Mr.  Beasley  married  Miss  Sarah  E.  Looney,  a  native 
of  Oregon,  and  to  them  have  been  born  eight  children, 
as  follows :  Ida  V.,  Miles  M.,  Robert  L.,  Lizzie  J., 
Alice  E.,  May,  Winnefred  A.,  and  Bessie  B.  Mrs. 
Beasley's  parents,  William  and  Jane  (Nail)  Looney, 
were  natives  respectively  of  Tennessee  and  Arkansas, 
and  came  to  Lane  county,  Oregon,  in  the  early  'fifties, 
but  afterwards  moved  to  Umatilla  county,  where  they 
reside  at  the  present  time.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Beasley 
are  members  of  the  Baptist  church  and  are  devoted 
and  ardent  supporters  of  their  faith,  while  in  general 
walk  they  are  faithful  and  given  to  hospitality  and 
labors  which  redound  to  the  good  of  all. 


JAMES  W.  CLARK,  better  known  as  Bay  Clark, 
is  proprietor  of  the  leading  livery  and  feed  stable 
the  city  of  Moscow,,  where  he  does  a  thriving  business, 
also  buying  and  selling  horses.  He  holds  rank  among 
the  leading  business  men  of  the  city,  being  capable, 
upright  and  enterprising.  He  was  born  on  July  3, 
1860,  the  son  of  A.  V.  and  Sarah  E.  (Hilliard)  Clark, 
his  native  place  being  Bond  county,  Illinois.  At  the 
age  of  five  he  was  brought  across  the  plains  by  his 
parents,  making  the  trip  with  horse  teams  and  settling 
in  Lafayette.  Oregon.  There  he  attended  the  public 
schools,'  then  came  to  Walla  Walla  in  1875,  taking 
there  an  additional  course  in  educational  training.  He 
soon  moved  to  Whitman  county  and  was  there  during 
the  Chief  Joseph  Indian  war,  assisting  to  build  the 
forts  tnat  sheltered  the  people  until  the  trouble  abated. 
Then  he  started  in  life  for  himself,  being  eighteen 
years  of  age,  and  rented  a  farm  until  he  became  old 
enough  to  take  land,  then  took  a  preemption,  and  a 
number  of  years  later  sold  it  and  went  into  the  livery 
business,  also  buying  and  selling  horses.  He  has  also 
farmed  some  since  but  has  given  most  of  his  time  with 
horses,  and  he  is  one  of  the  most  expert  horseme 
this  section  of  the  country.  In  1898  he  went  to  Pull- 
man, Washington,  fitted  out  a  livery  and  operated  it 
for  three  years  then  sold  out  and  came  to  Mos< 
where  he  p'urchased  the  Commercial  livery  which  he  is 
handling  in  a  skillful  and  successful  manner  at  the 
present  time,  having  fine  turnouts,  safe  and  stylish 
horses,  and  bestowing  an  untiring  care  for  the  c 
fort  and  safety  of  his  patrons  that  merits  the  liberal 
patronage  that  he  is  enjoying  now.  Mr.  Clark  takes 
especial  interest  in  political  affairs,  was  appointed  de- 
puty United  States  marshal  in  1892,  and  deputy 
sheriff  in  1889  under  George  Langdon,  and  under  F. 
M.  Mix  in  1890. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Clark  and  Miss  Lizzie  M., 
daughter  of  D.  M.  and  Susan  Halley,  of  Bond  county, 
Illinois,  was  celebrated  in  1891,  and  to  them  have  been 
born  five  children,  Roy,  Earl  E.,  Hollice,  Hazel,  ; 
Mary  A.,  the  baby.  Mr.  Clark  is  a  member  of  the  W. 
of  W.  and  he  is  one  of  the  influential  and  leading  men 
of  the  county,  having  so  conducted  himself  in  all  his  re- 
lations, both  in  public  office  and  private  business  enter- 
prise, that  he  merits  the  esteem  and  confidence  that  is 
generously  bestowed  upon  him,  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  him  representation  in  this 


JOHN  MANWARING.  To  this  venerable  and 
talented  gentleman,  who  is  one  of  the  leading  citi- 
zens of  Latah  county,  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  grant 
a  representation  in  his  county's  history,  and  attempt 
to  briefly  outline  the  interesting  and  active  career  that 
he  has  spent  in  various  business  ventures,  wherein  he- 
has  demonstrated  both  his  abilty  and  sagacity  with  the 
substantial  qualities  that  have  characterized  him.  Our 
subject  was  born  in  Brenchlcy  parish,  county  of  Kent, 
England,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


655 


(Barton)  Manwaring,  and  the  mother  lived  to  be 
ninety-seven.  The  date  of  this  birth  was  September 
27,  1824,  and  for  ten  years  he  sought  wisdom  in 
the  common  and  high  schools  of  his  land,  then  assisted 
his  father  four  years  in  the  mill,  he  being  a  practical 
miller,  and  then  the  intervening  time  until  he  was 
twenty-one  was  spent  in  the  employ  of  a  tradesman, 
learning,  as  he  deems  it,  "The  tricks  of  the  trade" 
which  were  to  dampen  the  tobacco  and  moisten  the 
st-gar,  for  which  his  father  paid  seventy  pounds.  He 
quit  the  business  when  his  apprenticeship  expired, 
and  returned  to  his  father  and  wrought  in  the  mill 
until  he  was  twenty-three,  then  hired  as  a  commercial 
traveler  for  two  years,  after  which  he  came,  as  do  the 
leading  spirits,  to  America  to  try  the  new  world.  Three 
years  were  spent  in  New  York  in  flour  milling,  then 
he  repaired  to  Madison,  Indiana,  and  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  starch  for  five  years.  Following  this 
we  find  him  in  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  in  the  flour 
milling  industry  again,  and  one  year  later,  he  removed 
to  Georgia  and  in  different  portions  of  that  state  and 
at  various  occupations  he  was  employed  until  the 
war  was  in  full  force,  when  he  again  ventured  into 
the  starch  manufacturing  business.  But  on  account 
of  hostilities,  the  governor  of  Georgia  ordered  all 
aliens  into  the  trenches  or  to  leave  the  state,  and  he 
chose  the  latter,  going  with  his  family  to  Richmond, 
Indiana,  where  he  visited  with  a  minister  by  the  name 
of  Wakefield,  then  took  up  milling  again  until  the 
close  of  the  war  and  at  that  time  returned  to  Geor- 
gia and  sold  his  property  and  placed  a  sixty-three 
thousand  dollar  claim  against  the  federal  government 
for  provisions  and  mules  furnished,  for  which  he  re- 
ceived one  thousand  dollars.  After  this  he  removed 
to  Woodham,  Canada,  and  followed  the  manufacture 
of  flour  for  five  years,  then  came  to  Moscow,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  same  business  with  the  Moore 
Brothers  for  six  years.  He  now  owns  the  brewery 
plant  and  leases  it. 

Mr.  Manwaring  was  married  to  Miss  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  George  and  Rebecca  (Booth)  Wilkes^  and  she 
is  now  deceased.  Mr.  Manwaring  is  a  member  of  the 
1.  O.  O.  F.,  being  the  oldest  member  in  Moscow,  and 
also  he  is  identified  with  the  Episcopalian  church. 
He  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  distinguished  business 
men  of  the  county  and  is  secure  in  the  esteem  and 
confidence  of  his  fellows. 


HENRY  M.  ROGERS.  One  of  Latah  county's 
venerable  and  enterprising  citizens  whose  career  has 
been  fraught  with  activities  of  a  commendable  nature 
in  various  portions  of  the  country  is  mentioned  at  the 
head  of  this  paragraph  and  he  is  today  one  of  the  rep- 
resentative agriculturists  and  substantial  men  of  the 
county.  Henry  M.  was  born  in  Wales  on  November 
25,  1827,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
Rogers,  natives  of  Wales,  and  the  father  was  a  mer- 
chant in  that  country.  In  1832  they  came  to  America, 
remaining  in  New  York  for  six  months  then  settling 


in  Delaware  county,  Ohio,  where  they  followed  tilling 
of  the  soil  until  1838.  The  father'  passed  away  in 
1832.  From  Ohio  they  removed  to  Iowa,  settling  in 
Lee  county,  farming  until  1847,  then  came  to  Oregon, 
later  to  California.  The  mother  returned  to  Iowa 
from  California  and  there  died  in  1889.  Our  sub- 
ject came  to  Lane  county,  Oregon,  in  1853,  engaged 
in  farming  there  until  1878,  then  he  migrated  to 
Idaho  and  homesteaded  his  present  farm,  which  is  two 
and  one-half  miles  north  from  Moscow.  He  has  be- 
stowed his  labors  here  since  and  he  has  a  finely  im- 
proved farm,  with  necessary  and  comfortable  build- 
ings and  with  one  of  the  finest  orchards  that  graces  the 
county  of  Latah,  all  of  which  demonstrates  the  ability, 
skill,  industry  and  wisdom  of  the  gentleman  who  has 
wrought  it  out. 

Mr.  Rogers  married  Miss  Pauline,  daughter  of 
Ephriam  and  Elizabeth  Whited,  natives  of  Virginia, 
their  daughter  being  born  in  Indiana,  in  March,  1852, 
the  nuptials  occurring  in  Des  Moines  county,  Iowa, 
and  eleven  children  have  been  born  to  them  as  follows : 
James  E.,  Elizabeth,  deceased;  Marion,  M.  Eliza,  Ma- 
tilda J.,  deceased ;  Milwood,  Lucinda,  Thomas,  John- 
sen  and  Minnie.  On  September  23,  1898,  death  came 
to  the  happy  home  of  Mr.  Rogers  and  took  thence  the 
beloved  and  life-long,  faithful  helpmate  who  had 
traveled  with  him  for  nearly  one-half  of  a  century. 
Her  remains  were  interred  in  the  Moscow  cemetery. 
Mr.  Rogers  and  his  wife  were  both  identified  with  the 
Christian  church  and  they  have  manifested  the  virtues 
of  their  faith  in  a  true  Christian  life,  and  today  he  is 
quietly  spending  the  golden  days  of  his  lengthened 
pilgrimage  in  the  retreat  of  the  home  which  his  wisely 
bestowed  labor  has  builded,  and  his  son  Thomas  is 
carrying  on  the  farm  in  a  commendable  manner  under 
the  supervision  of  his  father. 


REES  PICKERING.  This  well  known  and  rep- 
resentative citizen  and  enterprising  business  man  of 
Latah  county,  conducts  a  real  estate  office  in  Genesee, 
handling  also  insurance  and  doing  a  general  loaning 
business,  in  all  of  which  capacities  he  is  faithful,  up- 
right, and  manifests  commendable  zeal  and  ability. 
Mr.  Pickering  was  born  in  Belmont  county.  Ohio,  on 
.May  3,  1842,  being  the  son  of  Elisha'and  Mary 
(Berry)  Pickering,  and  in  his  native  place  he  was 
educated,  but  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  summoned 
by  the  call  of  patriotism  to  the  stern  duties  of  mili- 
tary life,  enlisting  in  the  Fifteenth  Volunteer  Infantry 
under  Captain  Halloway  in  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land, the  date  of  this  act  being  September,  1861,  and 
the  time  of  his  discharge  December.  1865,  making  a 
service  of  four  years  and  three  months.  In  the  bat- 
tle of  Stone  River  he  was  taken  prisoner  and  suffered 

changed  and  soon  was  in  the  Chickamauga  conflict. 
He  fought  at  Missionary  Ridge  and  at  Franklin  and 
Nashville,  and  participated  in  the  major  portion  of  the 
Atlanta  campaign.  Then  lie  was  sent  to  Texas  and 


656 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


there  at  the  date  named  was  mustered  out  in  San 
Antonio  with  the  rank  of  captain,  having  entered 
as  private.  Thus  was  fulfilled  one  of  the  excellent 
military  careers  that  demonstrates  the  sound  patriot- 
ism which  stirred  our  subject  in  his  noble  undertak- 
ings. Following  this  he  returned  to  Ohio  and  em- 
barked as  a  merchant,  whence  two  years  later  he  went 
to  Iowa  and  farmed  for  ten  years,  removing  then  to 
Nebraska  where  he  soon  was  installed  as  clerk  in  the 
Indian  department  of  the  Otoe  reservation.  Later  he 
went  to  Indian  Territory,  having  charge  of  the  Paw- 
nees for  three  years,  then  returned  to  Nebraska,  the 
year  being  1885,  and  there  he  remained  until  1889 
when  he  migrated  to  the  Grande  Ronde  valley  in  Ore- 
gon. He  remained  there  with  a  brother-in-law  for 
four  months  then  came  on  to  Genesee,  where  he  has 
wrought  in  the  business  world  since,  having  also  held 
many  responsible  public  offices  and  is  at  the  present 
time  doing  the  duties  of  the  city  clerk. 

Mr.  Pickering  was  married  in  1867  to  Miss  Sarah 
E.,  daughter  of  Filo  and  Maria  Mead  and  seven  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them,  six  of  whom  are  living, 
as  follows:  Fred  S.,  married;  Marie,  married  to  G. 
I.  Ingraham  and  living  in  Spokane,  Washington; 
Anna,  wife  of  Charles  Power,  living  in  Genesee ;  Edna, 
with  parents;  J.  L.,  living  in  Genesee;  A.  F.,  going  to 
school.  Mr.  Pickering  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  and  he  is  a  man  of  great  faithfulness  and 
manifests  integrity  and  becoming  ability  in  all  his 
walk  in  life,  and  is  secure  in  the  esteem  and  confi- 
dence of  his  fellows. 


WILLIAM  M.  HEADINGTON,  deceased.  The 
esteemed  gentleman  whose  name  is  above  is  eminently 
entitled  to  representation  in  the  history  of  Latah  coun- 
ty, and  we  grant  this  memorial,  being  assured  that  his 
life  of  worthy  activity  well  deserves  a  permanent  place 
in  the  county  annals. 

William  M.  was  born  on  December  6,  1857,  in  Mt. 
Vernon,  Ohio,  and  early  began  the  noble  work  of  in- 
struction. Even  before  his  college  course  was  done, 
he  had  gained  a  good  reputation  as  an  educator.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Holbrook  Normal  School  at  Le- 
banon, Ohio,  also  took  a  degree  from  the  Poughkeep- 
sie  Law  School  at  Poughkeepsie,  New  York.  In  1883, 
he  went  to  Iowa,  teaching  there  for  a  short  time,  then 
repairing  to  Osage  county,  Kansas,  in  which  place  he 
was  principal  of  the  schools  until  he  came  to  Colfax, 
Washington  in  1892.  Two  years  were  spent  as  prin- 
cipal of  the  high  school  at  that  place  and  then  he  took 
up  his  residence  in  Moscow,  and  the  work  of  the  edu- 
cator in  Latah  county.  In  1898,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  gave  promise  of  a  good  career,  but  on 
April  25.  1899,  death  summoned  him  from  earth.  He 
was  highly  esteemed  by  all,  and  was  a  noble  and  good 
man.  Mr.  Headington  was  a  member  of  the  Moscow 
Camp  of  the  \Y.  of  W.,  having  been  secretary  of  it 
since  the  organization.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  at  Mt.  Vernon,  Ohio. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Headington  and  Miss  Mattie, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Martha  (Luther)  Grant,  was 


celebrated  on  August  22,  1889,  in  Osage,  Kansas,  and 
one  child,  Sarah  Grace,  born  January  14,  1893,  was  the 
fruit  of  this  happy  union.  On  February  13,  1900,  the 
little  one  died,  and  her  remains  lie  buried  beside  the 
father's  in  the  Moscow  cemetery.  Little  Sarah  was  an 
unusually  bright  and  attractive  child  and  won  the 
hearts  of  all  who  came  in  contact  with  her.  Mrs.  Head- 
ington was  born  in  Erie  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  Jan- 
uary 7,  1863,  her  parents  also  being  natives  of  that 
state.  Her  father  was  a  farmer  and  stockman,  and 
came  to  Kansas  in  1872,  he  now  being  retired  from  ac- 
tive business  and  living  in  Osage  City,  Kansas. 

Mrs.  Headington  is  a  graduate  from  the  State  Nor- 
mal, at  Emporia,  Kansas  and  has  taught  school  since 
she  was  twenty  years  of  age.  Since  her  marriage,  she 
was  also  active  in  teaching  and  at  Colfax,  Washington, 
she  was  the  principal  of  the  primary  department.  For 
four  years,  she  taught  in  Moscow,  and  then  was  elected 
to  fill  the  office  of  the  county  superintendent  of  schools ; 
a  second  term  was  given  her,  and  in  that  office  she  is 
laboring  at  the  present  time,  being  one  of  the  best  edu- 
cators of  the  region  and  highly  esteemed  by  all  who- 
know  her.  Mrs.  Headington  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church.  She  is  also  affiliated  with  the  O.  E. 
S.,  Ruby  Chapter,  No.  9 ;  with  the  Star  Lodge,  Order 
of  Rebekah ;  with  the  Artisans ;  and  with  the  Moscow 
Circle,  No.  92,  Women  of  Woodcraft. 


WILLIAM  M.  WELCH.  At  the  present  time  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  handling  a  sewing  machine 
agency  and  operating  the  Grand  Central  hotel  the 
leading  hostelry  of  Genesee,  and  an  up-to-date  and  first 
class  house  in  all  its  appointments  and  service. 

William  M.  Welch  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  March  24, 1857,  being  the  son  of  Lewis  and  Mary 
(Shea)  Welch,  and  when  a  child  he  went  with  his 
parents  to  St.  Cloud,  Minnesota,  where  he  attended  a 
German  school  as  no  other  was  in  reach.  At  the  age 
of  fourteen  he  was  thrown  out  in  the  world  on  his 
own  resources,  then  went  to  Cady,  Wisconsin,  and 
worked  in  the  woods  for  one  winter,  after  which  he 
used  this  money  to  attend  school  at  Hammond,  Wis- 
consin, working  his  way  along  for  five  years  when  he 
took  up  teaching  for  three  years  in  St.  Croix,  Wiscon- 
sin. Then  he  entered  the  River  Falls  Normal,  where 
three  years  were  profitably  spent.  Following  this 
period,  he  again  took  up  the  work  of  the  instructor 
and  taught  for  four  years  in  St.  Croix,  then  repaired 
to  the  St.  John's  College  and  there  completed  both  the 
commercial  and  classical  courses,  also  carrying  off  the 
prize  for  oratory.  Succeeding  this,  Mr.  Welch  entered 
the  law  offices  of  Clapp  &  Woodharcl,  at  Fergus  Falls, 
Minnesota,  and  three  years  later  completed  the  course 
in  the  office  of  D.  W.  Brockhard,  of  St.  Cloud,  Minne- 
sota, being  then  admitted  to  the  bar.  At  this  time,  Mr. 
Welch  turned  toward  the  west  and  next  we  find  him 
in  the  chair  of  the  instructor  in  Whitman  county, 
Washington,  also  taking  an  active  part  in  the  politics 
of  the  county  and  delivering  speeches  in  the  campaigns. 
In  1896  he  was  appointed  chief  deputy  in  the  assessor's. 


WILLIAM  M    HEADINGTON. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


657 


office  in  that  county.  Subsequently  to  this  term  of 
service,  we  find  Mr.  Welch  in  Spokane  attending  the 
Casin-Blair  commercial  college  and  there  he  mastered 
shorthand  and  typewriting,  and  then  went  to  teaching 
for  a  time.  In  1898  he  came  to  Genesee  and  took  up 
the  sewing  machine  business  until  1901,  when  he  de- 
cided to  take  up  the  business  of  the  public  host  and  so 
rented  the  Grand  Central  hotel.  But  as  this  does  not 
occupy  his  entire  time,  he  also  attends  to  the  sale  of 
machines  as  heretofor.  In  1899  and  1901,  Mr.  Welch 
took  the  stump  in  behalf  of  the  reformed  forces  and 
did  good  work  for  that  cause. 

Mr.  Welch  married  Miss  Mary  T.  Keane,  in  Gene- 
see,  on  July  5,  1898.  Mrs.  Welch,  prior  to  her  mar- 
riage, had  been  a  teacher  of  excellent  success  and 
much  experience,  but  at  the  time  of  her  marriage  she 
was  operating  a  millinery  shop  in  Genesee. 


JOSEPH  M.  GREEN  is  one  of  Latah  county's 
enterprising  and  industrious  agriculturists,  having  a 
good  farm  seven  miles  east  from  Genesee  where  he  has 
fine  improvements  and  conducts  a  modern  and  up-to- 
date  farm,  everything  manifesting  the  thrift  and  en- 
terprise and  skill  of  the  owner,  while  his  personal 
characteristics  have  been  such  as  to  win  for  him  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fellows.  Joseph  M. 
was  born  in  Chillicothe,  Ross  county,  Ohio,  on  April 
8,  1851,  being  the  son  of  T.  S.  and  Nancy  (Hurdle) 
Green,  who  removed  to  Sangamon  county,  Illinois, 
when  their  son  was  small.  Our  subject  gained  his 
first  schooling  in  this  Illinois  home  and  later  studied 
winters  and  worked  on  the  farm  in  the  summers  until 
the  age  of  nineteen  and  then  worked  out  to  gain  enough 
money  to  take  one  year's  course  in  the  Wesleyan  Col- 
lege near  his  home.  Following  this  he  assisted  his 
father  in  the  support  of  a  large  family  until  twenty- 
one  and  then  stepped  forth  in  the  battle  of  life  for 
himself,  renting  a  farm  for  three  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  he  had  accumulated  one  thousand  dollars. 
The  second  thousand  he  gained  in  managing  a  farm 
for  George  Flint,  in  McLean  county,  Illinois,  then  he 
decided  to  get  married  and  did  so,  and  rented  a  farm 
for  two  years  more,  and  the  third  thousand  had  been 
earned.  For  seven  years  more  he  rented  in  Illinois  and 
then  sold  out  and  moved  to  Dayton,  Washington, 
whence  one  year  later  he  came  to  Genesee,  renting  a 
farm  from  J.  P.  Vollmer  for  eight  years,  handling  a 
half  section.  Then  Mr.  Green  took  as  a  homestead 
his  present  one  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  seven  miles 
east  from  Genesee.  He  has  five  acres  of  orchard, 
good  buildings  and  everything  comfortable  and  in 
good  order.  Mr.  Green  is  active  in  the  welfare  of  his 
county  and  has  several  times  acted  as  delegate  to  the 
Populist  and  Democrat  conventions. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Green  and  Miss  Alice,  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  and  Ellen  (Sutherland)  Rodgers,  was 
solemnized  at  Belleplain,  Illinois,  in  1875,  and  ten 
children  have  been  born  to  them :  Thomas,  living  at 
home;  Mattie  E.,  wife  of  Granville  E.  Evans,  living 
in  Riverside,  Okanogan  county,  Washington;  Walter 


C.,  living  with  his  parents ;  Ella,  at  home ;  Frank  O., 
Clara,  Wesley  J.,  Melisa,  Dick,  the  last  four  going  to 
school,  and  Marie,  the  youngest.  Mr.  Green  is  a 
member  of  the  Free  Methodist  church  and  is  a  man  of 
stanch  qualities  of  worth,  and  manifests  a  commenda- 
ble life,  being  dominated  by  sound  principles,  and  led 
in  the  paths  of  sagacity  and  uprightness. 


J.  NICHOLAS  HASFURDHER.  Among  the 
substantial  and  prominent  agricultural,  population, 
mention  should  be  made  in  this  volume  of  Latah  coun- 
ty's history  of  the  esteemed  and  enterprising  gentle- 
man whose  name  is  at  the  beginning  of  this  review, 
since  he  is  one  of  the  large  property  holders  and  has 
manifested  since  coming  here  commendable  ability  in 
business  affairs,  conducting  himself  in  a  manner  to 
command  the  respect  and  win  the  confidence  of  all. 
Our  subject  was  born  in  Germany,  on  September  10, 
1835,  being  the  son  of  Nicholas  and  Margaret  Has- 
furdher,  natives  of  Germany,  where  also  they  lived  un- 
til the  time  of  their  death.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
years,  this  son  had  finished  his  education  in  the  schools 
and  started  on  the  path  of  life  for  himself,  farming  in 
the  vicinity  of  his  home  for  fourteen  years,  then  em- 
barking for  America.  He  settled  first  in  Chicago  and 
worked  for  eight  years  in  the  foundries  there  and  then 
removed  to  Carroll  county,  Iowa,  where  he  purchased 
land  and  gave  his  attention  to  farming  for  fifteen  years. 
He  was  numbered  with  the  prosperous  and  leading 
men  of  that  county  and  in  1890,  he  desired  to  see  more 
of  the  west  and  accordingly  sold  his  farm  there  and 
migrated  to  Latah  county.  He  selected  his  present 

now  has  a  fine  total  of  two  hundred  and  eighty 
acres  of  fine  farming  land.  He  gives  his  entire  atten- 
tion to  farming  and  stock  raising  and  has  a  success 
befitting  the  industry  and  thrift  manifested  by  him, 
while  his  land  is  excellently  tilled  and  well  improved. 
In  the  fall  of  1864,  Mr.  Hasfurdher  married  Miss 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Michael  and  Barbara  Huslen, 
natives  of  Germany,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Ger- 
many, and  to  this  union  were  born  the  following  chil- 
dren :  Pauline,  Victor,  Joseph,  Andrew,  Martin,  Mary, 
Annie,  George  and  Maggie.  Mr.  Hasfurdher  and  his 
family  give  adherence  to  the  Catholic  church,  and  are 
devoted  supporters  of  their  faith.  On  August  28, 
1896,  death  seized  the  loving  mother  and  faithful  wife, 
and  her  remains  are  buried  in  the  cemetery  near  the 

terest  in  the  affairs  of  the  county  and  state,  and  is  a 


pnrtr 


Of  0111 


iup- 


nd  a  loyal  and  capable 


WILLIAM  L.  B1RAM.     This  well  known  busi- 

the  history  of  Latah  county,  since  he  has  wrought 
faithfully  "in  the  material  development  and  substantial 
progress  of  the  same,  manipulating  the  business  enter- 


655 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


prises  that  have  come  to  his  hand  with  execution  and 
wisdom,  being  at  this  time  operating  the  leading  livery 
and  draying  barns  in  the  city.  Mr.  Biram  was  born  in 
Winona  county,  Minnesota,  on  October  5,  1856,  being 
the  son  of  J.  and  Margaret  (Welden)  Biram,  natives 
respectively  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania.  They  farmed 
in  Minnesota  for  fourteen  years  and  then  removed  in 
1869  to  Nebraska,  where  they  remained  until  the  time 
of  their  death  in  1893.  Our  subject  commenced  the 
labors  of  life  for  himself  at  the  age  of  fourteen-  years, 
farming  in  Minnesota  for  one  year  and  then  going 
with  his  parents  to  Nebraska,  occupying  himself  there 
on  the  range  handling  cattle  from  Texas  to  the  Da- 
kotas,  becoming  familiar  with  all  the  skill  and  lore  of 
the  real. cowboy  until  1874,  when  he  returned  to  Min- 
nesota, settling  in  Steele  county,  where  he  farmed  un- 
til 1891.  at  which  time  he  came  to  this  county.  He  was 
occupied  in  different  undertakings  until  1900,  when 
he  started  a  draying  outfit,  and  later  opened  a  first  class 
livery  barn,  both  of  which  businesses  he  is  still  con- 
ducting in  a  successful  manner,  having  the  bulk  of  the 
draying  business  to  handle,  and  doing  a  fine  business 
in  the  livery  department.  Mr.  Biram  has  fine  stock 
and  handsome  and  up-to-date  rigs  and  exercises  an 
untiring  and  constant  care  for  the  welfare  and  inter- 
ests of  his  patrons,  which  have  given  him  a  good  trade. 
On  March  18,  1881,  in  Waseca  county,  Minnesota, 
Mr.  Biram  married  Miss  Katie,  a  native  of  Wisconsin 
and  daughter  of  Rudolph  and  Emma  Babbler,  farmers 
in  Minnesota.  To  this  marriage  there  have  been  born 
four  children,  Raciiel,  Arthur,  Clark,  Mable.  Mr. 
Biram  is  a  member  of  the  Royal  Arcanum,  and  also  of 
the  Red  Men,  Nez  Perces  Tribe  No.  75.  Mrs.  Biram 
is  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church. 


MARION  F.  MUNCEY.  Among  the  enterpris- 
ing citizens  of  Latah  county  should  be  included  the 
name  of  the  subject  of  this  article  whose  worthy  la- 
bors here  have  made  him  a  forceful  factor  in  the  sub- 
stantial progress  of  the  county.  Marion  F.  was  born 
in  Harrison  county,  Missouri,  on  September  10,  1868, 
being  the  son  of"  Lafayette  and  Elizabeth  (Moore) 
Muncey.  The  father  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1838, 
and  the  mother  was  born  in  1835,  in  the  same  state, 
and  her  father,  Samuel  Moore,  was  born  there  also. 
The  parents  removed  their  family  to  Silver  creek, 
Washington,  in  1872,  and  there  the  father  died  on 
March  22,  1879.  At  that  time  William,  an  older  broth- 
er of  our  subject,  took  charge  of  the  farm  and  Marion 
labored  out  and  gained  what  education  he  could.  It 
was  in  1897  that  they  removed  to  Garfield.  Washing- 
ton, and  there  our  subject  worked  until  the  mother 
bought  the  present  farm  of  eighty-five  acres  seven 
miles  east  from  Garfield.  He  has  a  comfortable 
home  and  the  land  is  well  tilled  and  produces  abund- 
antly. 

On  April  26,  1891,  Mr.  Muncey  married  Miss 
Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  John  E.  and  Elizabeth  (Carna- 
han)  Griner,  the  father  a  farmer  in  Latah  county,  now 
deceased.  To  this  union  there  have  been  born  five 


children,  Pollord  R..  Eugene,  Elsie  M.,  Charles  W., 
Elizabeth  V.,  all  at  home.  Mrs.  Muncey  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  on  November  25,  1871,  and  she  has  the 
following  named  brothers  and  sisters,  Henry  in  Wash- 
ington; Joseph,  deceased;  John,  in  Latah  county; 
George,  in  Latah  county ;  Mary,  deceased ;  Nettie,  wife 
of  Columbus  Cockrell,  in  Latah  county ;  Maggie,  wife 
of  E.  C.  Covey,  Ballard, .  Washington ;  Phillip,  in  Nez 
Perces  county;  Pollard,  deceased;  Bertha,  wife  of 
William  Hayden,  in  Latah  county.  Mr.  Muncey  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  William,  in  Latah 
county;  Miranda,  deceased  ;  John  F.,  at  Everett,  Wash- 
ington; Mary  S.,  wife  of  Pollard  Griner,  but  nov 
widow.  Mr.  Muncey  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W. 
He  always  devotes  time  and  attention  to  the  affairs  of 
politics,  being  allied  with  the  Democratic  party.  He 
a  man  well  respected  and  has  the  good  will  and  es- 
teem of  his  fellows. 


JACOB  L.  HARRISON  is  one  of  the  worthy  pi- 
oneers who  assisted  to  open  up  Latah  county  and  he 
has  also,  since  his  settlement  here  in  1883,  steadily 
labored  for  its  improvement  and  development,  having 
wrought  with  commendable  zeal,  wisdom,  and  thrift, 
as  his  fine  farm  of  sixty  acres,  seven  miles  west  from 
Kendrick,  on  Big  Bear  ridge,  testifies,  being  an  estate 
well  improved  and  giving  annually  handsome  retur 
while  personally,  Mr.  Harrison  is  a  man  of  integrity 
and  worth  and  is  dominated  by  sound  principles  i 
a  discriminating  perception  and  practical  judgment 
that  have  brought  his  fine  success.  In  addition  to  do- 

and  has  a  good  orchard  of  ten  acres. 

Mr.  Harrison  was  born  in  Fayette  count)-,  Ohio, 
on  June  25,  1847,  being  the  son  of  George  and  Lavi 
(Collow)  Harrison.  While  still  a  child  he  came  with 
the  balance  of  the  family  to  Huntington  county,  In- 
diana, where  he  grew  up,  gaining  a  good  educaf 
from  the  .common  schools  and  assisting  on  the  farm. 
When  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  another  move  i 
made,  this  time  to  Whiteside  county,  Illinois,  and 
there  he  remained  with  his  parents  until  the  time  of 
his  majority.  He  stepped  forth  from  the  parental, 
roof  then  for  the  battles  of  life  on  his  own  resources 
and  as  the  west  gave  great  indications  of  opportunity, 
he  made  his  way  to  Marshall  county,  Kansas,  took  z 
homestead  and  for  fourteen  years  we  find  him  toiling 
in  the  art  of  the  agriculturist  in  that  locality.  It  \ 
1883  that  he  sold  his  possessions  there  and  came 
Latah  county,  as  stated  above,  and  since  that  time 
he  has  been  one  of  the  subsantial  and  patriotic  citi- 
zens of  this  county  and  a  valuable  addition  to  its  so 
ciety. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Harrison  and  Miss  Flora 
daughter  of  Elias  and  Julia  Smith,  was  solemnized 
in  Marshall  county,  Kansas,  in  September.  1873,  and 
they  have  become  the  parents  of  six  children,  as  fol- 
lows: Lily,  Rose,  Ivy,  Pearl,  Mamie,  deceased,  and 
Ernest  M.  Mr.  and  "Mrs.  Harrison  are  members  of 
the  Christian  church  and  are  faithful  supporters  of 
their  faith,  being  exemplary  citizens  and  good  people. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


659 


XAYIER  HEIXR1CH.  While  the  section  where 
our  subject  lives  was  but  wild  prairie  and  only  oc- 
casional settlers  were  here  and  there  in  the  territory 
now  embraced  in  Latah  county,  he  came  and  settled 
on  his  present  farm,  five  miles  northwest  from  Gene- 
see,  and  began  the  excellent  work  of  development  and 
upbuilding  which  he  has  followed  with  wisdom  and 
assiduity  since,  having  now  the  proper  reward  of  such 
enterprise  and  thrift.  Xavier  was  born  in  Germany, 
the  land  whence  come  so  many  of  the  best  American 
citizens,  being  the  son  of  Martin  and  Alary 
Anne  (Kempt)  Heinrich,  and  the  date  of  his 
inception  of  life's  career  was  September  24, 
1851.  His  parents  were  natives  of  the  father- 
land, and  there  lived  and  labored  until  the 
time  of  their  death.  Our  subject  was  a  dutiful  son 
beneath  the  parental  roof  until  twenty-one  years  had 
rolled  by,  and  then  he  stepped  forth  to  do  for  himself. 
He  first  bade  farewell  to  loved  ones  and  native  land 
and  embarked  for  America,  where  he  went  to  work  in 
Newark,  Xew  Jersey,  in  a  bakery  for  two  years.  Then 
r  lie  went  to  California  and  operated  a  dairy  for  three 
years,  after  which,  in  1877,  he  came  to  Idaho,  settling 
on  his  present  place,  and  securing  title  to  a  half  section 
through  the  homestead  and  pre-emption  rights.  He 
has  purchased  more  until  he  now  has  four  hundred  and 
forty  acres  of  fine  land.  He  has  devoted  his  attention 


inly 


day  and  he  is  now  one  of  the  prominent  and  wealthy 
men  of  the  county.  His  farms  are  well  handled,  his 
stock  is  profitable,  he  has  fine  improvements  in  build- 
ings, orchards  and  so  forth,  and  an  air  of  thrift  is 
evident  everywhere.  In  addition  to  this  fine  holding, 
Mrs.  Heinrich  owns  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres 
adjoining  her  husband's  estate. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Heinrich  and  Mrs.  Cather- 
ine Greiser,  was  solemnized  in  Lewiston,  this  state, 
one  June  30,  1880,  and  they  have  become  the  parents 
of  one  child,  John  M.,  born  March  18,  1881.  They 
are  all  members  of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Hein- 
rich has  seen  much  of  the  hardship  incident  to  pio- 
neer life,  and  has  demonstrated  his  ability  in  the 
solution  of  the  intricate  problems  that  come  before 
the  early  settler,  by  wisely  handling  the  resources  at 
hand  and  in  displaying  commendable  business  ability. 


GEORGE  TEGLAND.  This  representative  and 
intelligent  agriculturist  of  Latah  county  is  well  en- 
titled to  consideration  in  this  volume  and  is  accorded 
such  since  he  is  a  man  of  sound  principles  and  good 
ability,  which  has  been  manifested  here  for  twenty 
years".  He  is  now  the  owner  and  manager  of  a  fine 
estate  of  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  five  miles 
north  from  Genesee,  where  the  family  home  is. 
George  was  born  in  Kendall  county,  Illinois,  on  De- 
cember 3,  1855,  being  the  son  of"  Ole  and  Isabella 
(Marcus)  Tegland,  natives  of  Norway.  The  father 
emigrated  from  Norway  in  1848,  settling  in  Ken- 
dall county,  Illinois,  where  he  engaged  in  fanning 


until  1872,  being  also  married  there,  in  which  last 
year  he  removed  to  Story  county,  Iowa,  farming  there 
also  until  of  late  years  he  has  retired  from  active 
labors  and  lives  with  his  son  in  that  county.  The 
first  twenty-two  years  of  our  subject's  life  were  spent 
in  service  with  his  father  and  then  he  took  up  rail- 
roading for  a  year  or  so,  after  which  he  married  and 
settled  down  in  Story  county,  Iowa,  where  he  pur- 
chased a  farm  and  devoted  himself  to  producing  the 
fruits  of  the  soil.  In  1882,  he  sold  his  property  there 
and  migrated  to  Latah  county,  taking  a  homestead 
where  he  now  lives.  Later  he  purchased  another  quar- 
ter. He  has  given  his  entire  attention  to  the  manage- 
ment and  improvement  of  his  farm  and  the  result  is 
that  he  has  a  fine  property,  well  improved,  while  he 
is  a  man  of  good  reputation  and  is  highly  esteemed 
throughout  the  neighborhood. 

On  February  28,  1882,  in  Story  county,  Iowa, 
Mr.  Tegland  married  Miss  Jennie  Borgen,  a  native 
of  Norway,  and  to  them  have  been  born  the  follow- 
ing children:  Oscar  T.,  Alvin  D..  Nellie  M..  Arthur 
O.  and  Jessie  L.  twins,  the  latter  of  whom  died ;  the 
youngest  child  is  also  named  Jessie  L.  Mrs.  Tegland's 
parents  were,  Amund  and  Dortha  (Herselberg)  Bor- 

try  'in  1869.  The  father  lives  here  and  is  a  member 
of"  the  Lutheran  church,  but  the  mother  died  on  De- 
cember 22,  1897,  and  is  buried  in  the  Lutheran  cem- 
etery. Our  subject  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  church  and  he  is  one  of  the  substantial  and 
well-to-do  men  of  the  section. 


GEORGE  L.  MOCHEL.     This  well  known  busi- 

number  of  years  and  is  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  busi- 
ness realm,  at  the  present  time  operating  in  partner- 
ship with  his  brother,  Benjamin  F.,  mention  of  whom 
appears  in  another  portion  of  this  volume,  a  first 
class  livery  and  feed  stable  in  the  city,  having  fine 
rigs,  good  stock,  and  manifesting  an  untiring  zeal 
for  the  safety  and  welfare  and  comfort  of  his  patrons, 

George  L.  was  born  in  Johnston  county,  Indiana, 
on  February  5,  1855,  being 'the  son  of  George  L.  and 
Elizabeth  (Lenertz)  Mochel.  While  a  child,  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  Maryville,  Missouri,  and  there 
until  he  had  reached  the  age  of  twelve,  received  his 
schooling  from  the  common  schools  of  the  land.  At 
that  young  age,  he  started  for  himself  in  life,  work- 
ing as  a  laborer  until  1873,  then  rode  the  range  in 
the  Cherokee  nation  for  one  year.  Then  his  adven- 
turous spirit  led  him  to  the  west,  Seattle,  Washing- 
ton, being  the  point  first  selected.  There  he  wrought 
nt  the  carpenter  trade,  which  he  had  mastered  in  his 
minority,  for  six  months,  then  came  to  Columbia 
county  in  that  state,  there  taking  a  homestead,  which 
he  subdued,  improved,  and  sold  in  the  year  1889.  He 
next  brought  a  herd  of  cattle  to  the  liig  Bend  coun- 
try in  Washington,  and  on  account  of  the  hard  winter, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


lost  the  entire  amount,  entailing  a  financial  loss  of 
over  two  thousand  dollars.  Following  this  disaster, 
he  came  to  Genesee,  arriving  here  on  August  i,  1891, 
and  rented  a  large  piece  of  farm  land,  paying  three 
dollars  per  acre,  and  he  did  well.  Then  he  bought 
eight  acres  of  land  in  the  city  of  Genesee  and  builded 
him  a  house,  the  same  being  his  family  home  at  the 
present  time.  In  1900,  his  brother  died,  who  had 
established  a  livery  business  in  Genesee  in  1893,  and 
our  subject  took  charge  of  the  same,  and  is  operating 
it  now  with  good  success,  it  being  the  leading  barn 
in  this  section,  and  handled  in  a  becoming  manner 
with  skill  and  business  ability.  Our  subject  soon  took 
in  his  brother,  B.  F.,  and  they  are  proprietors  of  the 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Mochel  and  Miss  Lottie 
S.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Cope)  Billings, 
was  solemnized  in  Maryville,  Missouri,  in  1878, 
and  three  children  have  been  born  to  them:  Eliza- 
beth C.,  wife  of  George  Bolliow,  and  living  in  Troy, 
Idaho ;  Claud  J.,  in  Genesee ;  Charles  F.,  with  parents 
and  attending  school.  Mr.  Mochel  has  served  as  con- 
stable of  the  home  precinct  several  terms  in  an  ac- 
ceptable manner,  having  also  been  marshal  of  the 
city  for  a  term  of  two  years.  He  takes  an  active  part 
in  politics  and  displays  zeal  for  right  principles.  Fra- 
ternally, Mr.  Mochel"  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
both  the  subordinate  and  the  encampment  branches, 
having  passed-  all  the  chairs  in  both  departments  and 
also  has  been  delegate  to  the  grand  lodge  from  both. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  of  A.,  having  been 
elected  first  V.  C.  of  Genesee  Camp,  No.  6,^03,  and 
re-elected  three  times  since,  also  being  sent  by  this 
camp  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention  in  iroi. 


FREDRICK  P.  KRESSELT.  This  substantial 
and  enterprising  farmer  of  Latah  county  is  a  native 
of  Germany,  being  born  on  July  31,  1875,  the  son  of 
Frederick  C.  and  Amelia,  both  natives  of  Saxony, 
Germany.  Our  subject  remained  at  home  until  four- 
teen years  of  age,  gaining  his  education  from  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  then  was  apprenticed  to  a  cabinet 
maker  where  he  served  for  three  years.  His  father 
had  died  when  this  son  was  an  infant  and  his  mother 
had  married  again.  After  three  years  of  the  cabinet 
work,  Mr.  Kresselt  decided  that  America  was  the  place 
for  him  and  accordingly  he  came  to  New  York  and 
thence  to  Palouse,  getting  here  in  December,  1892. 
He  worked  at  odd  jobs  for  a  time  and  then  bought 
a  piece  of  land  in  1897.  He  has  sold  and  bought  sev- 
eral pieces  of  land  and  he  purchased  his  present  farm 
of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  one  mile  west  from 
Cora,  in  March,  1902,  having  also  thirty-five  acres 
of  land  besides.  He  has  a  good  farm,  well  improved 
and  is  now  handled  in  a  skillful  manner. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Kresselt  and  Miss  Rosa, 
daughter  of  Julius  H.  and  Laura  L.  (Gates)  Fessen- 
den,  was  solemnized  in  Latah  county,  on  February 
23.  1897,  and  to  them  has  been  born  one  son,  William  P., 
and  one  daughter,  Minnie  Amelia,  who  died  February 


1 , 1902.  Mr.  Fessenden  was  born  in  Indiana,  on  Novem- 
ber 10,  1848,  and  was  captain  and  engineer  on  a  stear . 
boat  for  many  years,  but  is  now  farming  in  Latah 
county.  His  wife  was  born  near  East  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, May  5,  1854.  Mrs.  Kresselt  was  born  near  East 
Portland,  January  5,  1880,  and  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools.  Her  brothers  and  sisters  are  Edna, 
wife  of  Milton  Fennirnqre,  at  Mountain  View,  Cali- 
fornia; Laura,  Dolly,  Earl,  George  E.,  Robert,  all  at 
home,  and  Addie,  Mamie,  Nora,  Willie,  deceased. 
The  brothers  and  sisters  of  our  subject  are  named  as 
follows, — Ernest,  in  Latah  county ;  Max,  in  Germany ; 
Birdie,  wife  of  Paul  Rotjig,  in  Germany.  Mrs.  Kres- 
seit's  father  enlisted  in  the  Civil  war  but  was  too 
young  and  so  was  refused.  He  had  two  brothers, 
Major  and  John  Fessenden,  who  fought  for  their 
country.  Our  subject  raises  the  cereals  and  fruits  and 
is  a  progressive  and  thrifty  farmer. 


WILLIAM  A.  COMER.  The  birth  of  this  es- 
teemed gentleman  occurred  in  Hocking  county,  Ohio, 
on  September  18,  1843.  His  father,  Charles,  was  a 
millwright,  born  in  Ohio,  in  1817,  his  grandfather  was 
born  in  Vermont  and  his  great-grandparents  came 
from  Ireland.  The  mother  of  our  subject,  Sophia 
Roush,  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1817,  and  her  mother, 
Eva  Harsh,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Mrs 
Harsh's  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  moved 
to  Ohio  in  1810,  and  died  in  1856,  one  hundred  and 
six  years  of  age,  while  Mrs.  Harsh  lived  to  be  ninety- 
six  years  of  age.  The  father  of  our  subject  died  two 
months  before  the  latter's  birth  and  his  mother  died 
when  he  was  five  years  of  age,  so  his  early  life  was 
spent  with  his  grandmother.  He  remained  with  hei 
laboring  and  attending  school  until  eighteen  years  of 
age  and  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  D,  Seventeenth  Ohio  Infantry,  under  Cap- 
tain Charles  Rippiey.  He  was  sent  to  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland  under  General  Thomas  and  partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  Mill  Springs  when  Zollicoffer 
was  killed  in  1862.  He  fought  at  Stone  River,  Chick- 
amauga,  Atlanta,  Jonesborough,  and  in  many  othei 
engagements.  At  Chickamauga  a  rebel  hit  hi'm  over 
the  head  with  a  musket,  his  clothes  were  shot  full  of 
holes,  his  canteen  was  shot  away  and  he  was  wounded 
in  the  leg.  He  was  stricken  there  with  paralysis  and 
was  discharged,  but  the  doughty  and  intrepid  man  was 
not  thus  to  be  deprived  of  fighting  for  his  country  and 
his  interminable  grit  pulled  him  through  and  as  soon 
as  he  was  presentable  again  he  promptly  came  to  the 
front  and  reenlisted  and  staid  with  the  conflict  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  being  in  the  Fifty-eighth  Ohio 
Company  A.  Following  the  war,  Mr.  Comer  went  to 
farming  in  Ohio,  and  in  1868  he  went  thence  to  Coles 
county,  Illinois,  then  to  Edgar  county,  where  he  farmed 
and  worked  at  carpentering  for  five  years,  and  in  i 
we  see  him  in  Shelby  county/  and  thence  he 
went  to  Kanasas  in  the  fall  of  1885,  settling 
in  Jackson  county.  Two  years  later  he  went 
to  Logan  and  there  homesteaded  land.  It  i 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


on  June  15,  1889,  that  he  landed  at  Garfield  and  came 
over  into  Latah  county,  and  here  he  has  remained 
since,  except  for  two  years  and  one-half,  when  he  was 
excursioning  through  Utah,  Nevada,  Arizona,  and 
southern  Idaho,  returning  here  in  the  condition  ex- 
pressed by  the  laconic  epithet  "Broke."  He  went  to 
work  and  now  has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  as 
fine  soil  as  is  in  Latah  county  and  located  one  mile  west 
from  Cora.  He  devotes  himself  to  farming  and  stock- 
raising,  mostly  the  former. 

Mr.  Comer  married  Miss  Nancy  R.  Shoff  on  Sep- 
tember 27,  1867,  and  she  died  in  1884,  leaving  the  fol- 
lowing named  children,  Edwin  L.,  in  Sioux  Falls, 
South  Dakota;  Almeda  V.,  wife  of  Andrew  Smith, 
in  Kansas;  Eva  M.,  deceased;  Lydia  E.,  wife  of 
Charles  S.  Smith,  in  Latah  county;  Jeremiah  E.,  de- 
ceased ;  Laura  E.,  deceased ;  Nellie  A.,  deceased ;  Is- 
aac H.,  deceased. 

The  second  marriage  of  Mr.  Comer  was  celebrated 
on  March  19,  1886,  in  Kansas,  Alice  E.,  daughter  of 
Martin  L.  and  Abby  A.  (Brinkerhoff)  Hickman,  de- 
scendants of  the  early  Dutch  stock  that  colonized  New 
York,  at  that  time  becoming  his  wife.  To  this  union 
there  have  been  born  the  following  issue:  John  A., 
Jesse  H.,  Lee  M.,  Ruth  U.  Mr.  Hickman  was  a  car- 
penter, born  in  Virginia  in  1832  and  his  wife  was  born 
in  New  Jersey  in  1838,  while  the  daughter,  Mrs.  Com- 
er, was  born  in  Grand  View,  Illinois,  on  June  23,  1855. 
Her  brothers  and  sisters  are  named  as  follows:  Anna 
J.,  deceased ;  Rachel  J.,  wife  of  Earby  Miller,  in  Chi- 
cago; Lydia  B.,  deceased;  Sarah  M.,  in  Chicago; 
Olive  E.,  deceased;  Orlo  S.,  deceased;  Owen  G.,  in 
Chicago.  Mr.  Comer  is  assistant  state  lecturer  for 
northern  Idaho  for  the  Alliance  and  is  active  in  poli- 
tics. He  was  candidate  for  state  legislature  in  Kansas 
on  the  Union  Labor  ticket  and  for  probate  judge  in 
Latah  county  in  1892  on  the  Populist  ticket.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  farming  Mr.  Comer  devotes  much  attention 
to  artist's  labors,  having  gained  commendable  skill  in 
this  line. 


ULRICH  C.  RIETMANN.  As  one  who  has  con- 
served the  industrial  and  commercial  interests  in  La- 
tah county,  and  wherein  he  has  made  a  brilliant  suc- 
cess, we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  gentleman 
whose  name  appears  above.  Mr.  Rietmann  is  an  en- 
ergetic, capable,  and  progressive  business  man  and 
manages  a  first-class  butcher  shop  in  Troy,  owns  and 
leases  the  large  brick  hotel  known  as  the  Rietmann 
House,  buys  and  sells  stock  of  all  kinds,  has  a  fine 
.farm  near  the  town,  and  also  handles  fruit,  and  oper- 
ates a  fruit  dryer  and  cold  storage  plant,  besides  a 
number  of  large  warehouses,  being  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  county  and  recognized  by  all  as  a  power 
in  the  business  world. 

Mr.  Rietmann  is  a  native  of  that  stanch  little  re- 
public, Switzerland,  and  was  born  in  Canton,  July  4, 
1853,  the  son  of  Henry  and  Babete  Rietmann.  The 
parents  remained  in  the  native  country  until  the  time 
of  their  death,  highly  respected  and  influential  citi- 
zens. Our  subject  received  his  early  education  there 


nd  at  the  age  of  fourteen  went  to  Brazil.  South 
America,  and  there  labored  for  three  years  with  an 
mcle,  who  was  a  surveyor  in  that  country.  After  the 
expiration  of  that  period,  Mr.  Rietmann  came  to  our 

;ern  coast  but  soon  went  thence  to  Switzerland,  re- 

iing  there  until  1881.  In  that  year  he  came  and  lo- 
cated in  San  Francisco,  taking  up  the  butcher  busi- 

,.  It  was  1890  when  Mr.  Rietmann  sold  his  in- 
terests in  California  and  came  thence  to  Latah  county. 
He  sought  out  his  present  location  and  opened  a  shop 
and  in  the  prosecution  of  that  business  he  has  stead- 
ily continued  with  the  addition  of  the  industries 
mentioned  above,  thus  making  him  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  the  county,  which  is  amply  dem- 
Dnstrated  by  the  skill  with  which  he  handles  the  many 
and  varied  interests  that  depend  upon  his  manipula- 
tion. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Rietmann  and  Miss  Fannie 
Hilfecker,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was  solemnized 
at  Troy,  in  1893,  and  to  them  have  been  born  two 
bright  and  promising  boys,  Carl  and  Max.  Mr.  Riet- 
mann is  a  practical  man  and  is  training  his  boys  to 
the  intricacies  of  business  which  will  doubtless  make 
them  able  to  carry  forward  with  skill  and  safety  even 
larger  interests  than  their  father  has  thus  far  done, 
although  he  is  considered  the  leader  in  his  vicinity. 


JOHN  B.  YARBROUGH.  In  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  on  January  6,  1845, tne  subject  of  this 
sketch  first  saw  the  light  and  he  has  been  a  typical 
westerner  since  that  time,  ever  laboring  for  the  welfare 
•f  the  sections  where  he  has  bestowed  his  labor  and 
doing  a  lion's  share  in  this  good  work.  His  parents 
are  James  M.,  born  in  Kentucky  in  1820,  whose  father, 
John,  with  his  wife,  were  born  in  Virginia.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  is  Mary  E.  Smith,  born  in  Carteret 
county,  North  Carolina,  in  1822.  Her  father  was  Lem- 
uel, who  married  Hannah  Giiicon,  both  natives  of 
North  Carolina.  John  B.  remained  with  his  parents 
until  twenty  years  of  age  and  then  started  for  himself. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  the  clay. 
His  parents  removed  to  Linn  county  when  he  was  one 
year  old  and  took  donation  claims,  remaining  there 
sixteen  years.  Then  they  sold  out  and  went  back  to 
Washington  county.  Six  years  later  they  went  to  Cres- 
cent City,  California,  but  in  two  years  were  back  in 
Douglas  county,  Oregon,  and  eight  years  after  that 
they  sold  again  and  came  to  Latah  county.  The  father 
died  here  in  1896.  When  he  left  home,  John  B.  rented 
land  in  Yam  Hill  county  then  went  to  southern  Ore- 
gon for  eight  years  in  the  lumber  business,  where  he 
was  successful.'  One  summer  was  spent  in  the  Klam- 
ath  country  and  then  he  returned  to  the  Willamette 
valley  in  1876,  and  in  1880  he  came  overland  to  Latah 
county  and  preempted  a  quarter  section  nine  miles 
east  from  Garfield,  where  the  family  home  has  been 
since  that 'date  with  the  exception  of  the  years  between 
1896  and  1901,  which  were  spent  in  the  Couer  d'Alene 
country. 

Mr.   Yarbrough   was   married   to   Miss   Samantha, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  (Baker)  Long,  on 
August  2,  1867,  and  the  following  children  have  been 
born  to  them:  Chrystina,  wife  of  W.  W.  Messinger, 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes ;  John  W.,  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
district;  Addison,  in  Latah  county;  Eli  O.,  in  Coeur 
d'Alene;  Lottie,  wife  of  Calvin  Farnum,  deceased; 
Mona,  wife  of  I.  Ross,  in  Coeur  d'Alene;  James,  in 
Latah;  Margaret  E,  wife  of  Lew  Solley,  deceased; 
Herbert,  in  Coeur  d'Alene ;  Homer,  at  home ;  Leonard, 
deceased ;  Gladys,  at  home.  Mrs.  Yarbrough  was  born 
in  Virginia,  on  March  21,  1852,  and  her  father  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1815,  and  the  mother  was 
born  in  Virginia,  on  February  17,  1828.  Mrs.  Yar- 
brough's  brothers  and  sisters  are  Napoleon  B.,  de- 
ceased, Christopher  C.,  Mary,  Ella,  America,  de- 
ceased, Emma,  and  John.  Mr.  Yarbrough  has  broth- 
ers and  sisters  as  follows :  Andrew  J.,  in  eastern  Ore- 
gon ;  Sarah  J.t  wife  of  D.  W.  Hayden,  in  Latah  county  ; 
Martha  T-,  wife  of  John  Woodfin,  in  Latah  county; 
Mary,  wife  of  Levi  Mohr,  deceased ;  James,  killed  by 
a  saw  in  a  mill  in  Oregon;  Thomas  J.,  in  Spokane. 
Washington ;  Lafayette,  in  eastern  Oregon.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Yarbrough  "are  members  of  the  Universalist 
church,  while  he  is  socialistic  in  politics  and  a  member 
of  the  school  board  where  he  labors  ardently  for  good 
educational  facilities.  The  farm  is  well  improved  and 
a  model  place,  being  an  abundant  producer. 


BENJAMIN  F.  MOCHEL.  The  subject  of  this 
article  has  always  been  a  man  of  great  energy  and  ac- 
tivity, as  is  shown  by  his  life  of  enterprise  and  adapta- 
bility, while  at  the  present  time  he  is  one  of  the  firm  of 
Mochel  Brothers,  who  operate  the  P.  G.  livery,  feed 
and  sale  stable  in  Genesee,  having  a  fine  property  and 
doing  a  successful  business. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Maryville,  Nodaway 
county,  Missouri,  on  February  8,  1867,  being  the  son  of 
George  L.  and  Elizabeth  (Lenartz)  Mochel.  While 
still  a  child,  his  parents  came  to  California,  thence 
to  Bellingham  bay,  Washington,  and  then  to  Seattle, 
where  this  son  received  his  first  schooling.  But  fort- 
une had  decreed  that  he  should  not  stay  long  there, 
and  soon  the  family  were  in  Dayton,  Washington, 
whence  they  removed  to  Marengo,  and  thence  to  Wal- 
la Walla,  then  to  Pataha  City,  where  the  school  days 
of  Benjamin  F.  were  completed.  Then  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  years  he  started  for  himself,  renting  a  farm 
of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  for  two  years,  after 
which  he  went  to  Lake  Chelan,  and  thence  to  Genesee. 
In  1880  he  worked  on  a  farm  for  ten  dollars  per  month, 
then  went  to  Troy,  Idaho,  working  at  the  carpenter 
trade  and  in  the  harvest  fields,  after  which  he  rented 
eight  hundred  acres  with  his  brother  and  father.  He 
bought  property  in  Genesee  that  he  still  owns.  In  1893 
he  went  to  Cornwall,  Idaho,  and  there  his  father  died, 
and  he  handled  the  farm  for  two  years  alone,  then 
returned  to  Genesee,  working  for  a  time  in  the  livery 
for  his  brother,  then  going  to  the  Nez  Perces  reserva- 
tion where  he  took  a  homestead.  Four  years  later  he 
sold  this  property  and  returned  to  Genesee  and  since 


that   time   has   been   in   the   livery   business   with   his 
brother. 

In  1885  Mr.  Mochel  married  Miss  Sarah  J.,  daugh- 
ter of  Harris  and  Angeline  Fuller,  and  they  have  six 
children,  Cora  M.,  Ellen  E.,  Leonard  E.,  Henry  A., 
Louis,  and  a  baby  unnamed,  all  at  home  and  attending 
school.  Mr.  Mochel  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  He 
is  a  man  of  sound  principles,  has  displayed  commenda- 
ble zeal  in  the  discharge  of  the  responsibilities  of  life 
that  have  rested  upon  him,  while  in  his  business  ven- 
tures he  has  shown  good  ability,  wisdom,  and  enter- 
prise, which  have  given  him  both  the  confidence  of  his 
fellows  and  a  good  competence. 


MARTIN  BECHTEL  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
Ohio,  near  Mt.  Vernon,  on  January  19,  1837,  being  the 
son  of  John  and  Esther  (Movers)  Bechtel.  The 
father  was  a  cooper  and  farmer,  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, as  were  his  parents,  while  the  mother  of  our 
subject  was  also  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1804,  and  her 
parents  were  early  settlers  in  Pickaway  county,  Ohio. 
The  other  children,  in  addition  to  Martin,  were  Abra- 
ham, soldier  in  the  Mexican  and  Civil  wars,  now  de- 
ceased ;  Samuel,  deceased ;  Mary,  wife  of  Dr.  Fletcher, 
in  Ohio;  John,  deceased;  Emanuel,  in  Illinois;  Sophia, 
wife  of  R.  B.  Williams,  in  Garfield ;  Esther  A.,  wife  of 
Mr.  Jackson,  in  Missouri.  At  the  age  of  eight  years, 
our  subject  was  left  fatherless,  and  when  he  was  thir- 
teen, the  mother  sold  out  and  came  to  McLean  county, 
Illinois.  There  he  attended  school  and  labored  on 
the  farm.  Mr.  Bechtel  remained  at  home  until  1861, 
then  responded  to  the  call  of  patriotism  and  enlisted 
in  Company  C,  Twentieth  Illinois  Infantry,  under 
Captain  John  O.  Pullen,  his  company  organizing  at 
Bloomington,  and  the  regiment  at  Joliet.  They  wi 
to  Alton,  Jefferson  barracks,  Cape  Girardeau,  arid 
after  scouting  for  four  months  took  to  winter  quart 
in  Birds  Point.  Then  they  fought  Jeff  Thompson  and 
were  victors,  at  Fredericktown.  In  1862  he  was  or- 
dered to  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson  and  fought  in  both 
battles,  then  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  when  they  were 
tacked  by  Johnson  and  Beauregard,  then  he  fought 
at  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  After  this  he  went  into  camp 
at  Jackson  and  later  was  in  the  following  engagements : 
Britton's  Lane,  Willow  Spring,  Champion  Hills,  Ray- 
mond and  Vicksburg,  at  which  place  he  was  wounded 
in  the  ankle  and  had  his  hearing  impaired  and  eye 
hurt.  He  fought  also  at  Kenesaw  mountain  and  ' 
Atlanta,  at  which  place  he  was  captured  and  spent  one 
month  and  eight  days  in  Andersonville.  He  was  thei 
taken  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  thence  to  Flor- 
ence, when  he  made  his  escape  and  was  recaptured, 
then  escaped  a  second  time.  In  February,  1865,  he 
went  home  and  after  reporting,  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. For  his  faithful  service  and  injuries  he  re- 
ceives the  small  pension  of  twenty-two  dollars  per 
month.  He  was  mustered  out  at  Gainesville  and  dis- 
charged at  Chicago  and  went  to  McLean  county  and 
there  remained  until  1879,  when  he  removed  to  his 
present  place  in  Latah  county,  eight  miles  east  fro 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


663 


Garfielcl.     His  wife  owns  eighty  acres  of  good  land 
here  and  he  practices  diversified  farming. 

Mr.  Bechtel  and  Miss  Alice  Smith  were  married 
in  Illinois,  on  October  8,  1865,  and  they  have  the  fol- 
lowing children:  Shelton,  in  Nez  Perces  county;  Ida, 
at  Blackfoot ;  Noah,  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Martin,  at 
Blackfoot;  Sophia,  wife  of  George  Wesley  Bird,  in 
Latah  county.  Mr.  Smith  was  born  in  Kentucky 
and  married  Miss  Sarah  Currey,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
and  their  daughter,  Mrs.  Bechtel,  was  born  in  McLean 
county,  Illinois,  in  April,  1851.  Mr.  Bechtel  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  wtiile  in  Illinois  was  county 
commissioner  of  his  county,  and  he  has  always  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  country  and  is  an 
advocate  of  good  schools.  He  made  a  commendable 
record  in  the  Civil  war  and  it  was  such  noble  and  brave 
men  as  he  who  fought  out  the  awful  battles  that  saved 
the  Union  from  dismemberment  and  preserved  to  pos- 
terity the  free  institutions  that  are  now  our  pride  and 
joy. 


ISAAC  S.  MILLER.  This  capable  and  enter- 
prising agriculturist  lives  eight  miles  east  from  Gar- 
field  and  has  a  quarter  section  of  fertile  land  well  im- 
proved, and  producing,  under  his  skillful  husbandry, 
abundant  crops  of  the  cereals  and  hay  and  fruits, 
while  also  Mr.  Miller  handles  considerable  stock.  He 
is  the  son  of  Hamilton  and  Sarah  A.  (Hunt)  Miller, 
and  was  born  in  Jay  county,  Indiana,  on  November 
16,  1845.  The  father,  a  Mexican  war  veteran,  was  a 
farmer  and  born  in  Fayette  county,  Ohio,  in  1818, 
being  the  son  of  Hugh  Miller,  who  served  under 
Jackson  in  the  war  of  1812  and  whose  father  was  a 
native  of  Ireland  and  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  be- 
ing wounded  at  Bunker  Hill.  The  wife  of  this  veteran 
of  colonial  days  was  a  native  of  Scotland.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Green  county,  Kentucky, 
in  1818,  and  her  father,  Isaac  C.  Hunt,  was  a  Metho- 
dist preacher,  born  in  Vermont,  being  the  son  of  G. 
M.  and  Polly  (Squire)  Hunt,  natives  of  New  Jersey. 
Our  subject  was  taken  with  his  parents  to  Mercer 
county,  Ohio,  when  four  years  of  age  and  five  years 
later  went  thence  to  Page  county,  Iowa.  That  was 
the  home  for  ten  years,  or  until  1864,  he  being  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Home  Guards,  and  would  have  gone  to  the 
front,  but  was  too  young.  At  the  date  last  men- 
tioned the  family  came  to  the  Willamette  valley  and 
took  land  and  erected  a  saw-mill.  The  father  con- 
tinued there  until  the  day  of  his  death,  March  27, 
1872.  Isaac  S.  had  done  for  himself  from  his  ma- 
jority, and  in  1878  he  came  to  Latah  county,  and  on 
October  5th  of  that  year  he  took  his  present  farm 
and  this  has  been  the  family  home  since  that  time. 

On  April  19,  1866,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Hannah 
N.,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Ellen  (Armstrong) 
Kinyon,  the  nuptials  occurring  in  Polk  county,  Ore- 
gon.' One  child.  Hattie  Benson,  was  born  to  that 
marriage.  Mrs.  Miller  was  born  in  1853.  and  died  in 
1872. 

Mr.  Miller  contracted  a  second  marriage,  the  date 
being  February  5,  1874,  at  which  time  Eliza  H., 


daughter  of  Levi  and  Sarah  (Edes)  Burden,  became 
his  wife.  This  wedding  occurred  in  Yam  Hill  county, 
Oregon.  Mr.  Burden  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1826 
and  his  wife  was  born  in  Missouri  in  1830.  Mrs. 
Miller  was  born  in  Polk  county,  Oregon,  on' February 
21,  1856.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mrs.  Miller 
are  Henry,  deceased;  James  R.,  in  Wardner.  Idaho; 
George  L.,  in  Latah  county :  Isabelle,  deceased :  Abra- 
ham L.,  in  Latah  county;  Minnie,  wife  of  George 
Davis,  in  Latah  county;  Thomas.  William.  Jasper, 
John,  in  Latah  county ;  Effie  and  Edward,  twins,  the 
latter  deceased  and  the  former  the  wife  of  Jefferson 
Poe,  in  Latah  county;  Lulu,  wife  of  James  Davis,  in 
Latah  county;  Emiis,  deceased.  Mr.  Miller  has 
brothers  and  sisters  as  follows:  Lewis  H..  in  Yam 
Hill  county,  Oregon ;  Mary,  wife  of  James  Berry,  in 
Oregon ;  Hugh  T.,  a  member  of  Company  F,  Twenty- 
ninth  Iowa  Volunteers,  and  was  killed  "in  the  battle 
of  Lincoln  Ferry,  Texas,  in  May,  1864;  Robert  L., 
in  Oregon ;  Margaret,  wife  of  W.  Smith,  in  Latah 
county ;  Hamilton,  in  Latah  county :  John  C.  and  Isa- 
belle, 'twins,  the  latter  deceased  and  the  former  in  Ore- 
gon ;  Rhoda  A.,  wife  of  W.  Downing,  at  Weston, 
Oregon:  Ella,  deceased;  Lulu,  deceased.  The  chil- 
dren born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller  are  Elmer,  in  Latah 
county ;  Estella.  wife  of  Frank  Adair,  in  Latah  coun- 
ty;  Lottie,  at  home;  Esther  E.,  wife  of  H.  Gilmore, 

bers  of  the  United  Brethren  church  and  he 'has  been 
a  member  of  the  school  board,  and  was  president  of 
the  Alliance  Industrial  Union. 

It   is  of  note  that  the  ancestors   of   Mr.   Miller's 
mother  came  over  in  the  Mayflower. 


HANS  C.  J.  TWEEDT.     The  large  real  estate 


.     . 


whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph,  is  one  of  the  best 
known  men  of  the  county,  and  has  been  eminently 
successful  in  his  business  endeavors  in  this  section. 
which  demonstrates  his  ability,  industry,  and  enter- 
prise, while  his  uprightness  and  integrity  have  as 
fully  been  manifested.  Hans  C.  J.  Tweedt  was  born  in 
Bergen,  Norway,  on  November  29,  1846,  being  the 
son  of  Christian  J.  and  Anna  (Seim)  Tweedt,  large 
farmers  in  that  country.  Our  subject  received  a  good 
education  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years  started  for 
himself.  Three  years  later,  1866,  he  came  to  America, 
and  spent  two  years  in  the  vicinity  of  Madison.  Wiscon- 
sin, working  and  then  went  to  'Wausau,  in  the  same 
state,  where  four  years  were  spent  in  the  timber.  In 
1874  Mr.  Tweedt  came  to  Marion  county.  Oregon, 
purchased  a  farm  and  tilled  the  soil  there  until  1877, 
when  he  came  to  his  present  location,  one  and  one-half 
miles  northeast  from  Genesee,  this  being  Xez  Perces 
county  then.  He  took  a  homestead  and  soon  began 
to  add  further  land  by  purchase  until  he  now  owns  five 

ducing  crops,  giving  as  high  as  eleven  thousand  bush- 
els in  one  year.  Mr.  Tweedt  has  a  fine  twelve  room 
residence,  large  barn,  forty  by  eighty,  with  plenty  of 


664 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


substantial  out  buildings,  and  a  blacksmith  shop,  while 
a  fine  orchard  and  other  tasty  and  valuable  improve- 
ments make  his  home  one  of  rural  beauty  and  com- 
fort. On  an  adjoining  farm  he  has  good  buildings 
also.  Mr.  Tweedt  has  thirty  head  of  cattle  and  plenty 
of  stock  and  utensils  for  his  large  estate,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  progressive  and  skillful  men  of  the  county. 
In  political  matters,  Mr.  Tweedt  has  always  taken  an 
active  interest  and  in  1898  the  people  called  him  to 
serve  in  the  responsible  position  of  county  commis- 
sioner, running  on  the  Republican  ticket  against  A. 
Beardsley  on  the  Fusion  ticket  and  gaining  the  day 
by  a  handsome  majority.  Also  the  school  interests 
have  gained  by  his  service  on  the  boards. 

In  1872  Mr.  Tweedt  married  Miss  Susana,  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Amelia  Nelson,  of  Waupaca  county, 
Wisconsin,  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  fifteen 
children,  five  of  whom  are  dead  and  ten  living,  as  fol- 
lows: Carl  J.,  living  in  Nez  Perces  county 
on  a  fine  farm  of  one  quarter  section ;  Emma 
B.,  attending  the  normal  and  at  present  teach- 
ing school ;  Louis  A.,  a  student  at  the  Idaho 
University,  from  which  he  will  graduate  in 
1903;  Christ  G.,  at  home:  Fred,  at  home;  Annie 
C,  a  student  at  the  university ;  George  E.,  Henry  E., 
Sarah  M.,  Earl  A.,  the  last  four  also  at  home.  Mr. 
Tweedt  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  while  he  and 
his  family  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church.  Mr. 
Tweedt  is  well  known  and  well  liked  throughout  the 
county,  and  his  labors  here  for  years  have  resulted  in 
much  good  to  the  county  and  its  institutions,  and  he 
enjoys  the  confidence  of  all,  which  is  justly  merited. 


THEODOR  KLUSS.  The  subject  of  this  article 
is  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  this  section,  being  here 
long  before  Latah  county  had  an  organization,  and  is 
now  one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of  the  county,  well 
to  do,  and  a  man  of  ability  and  uprightness  in  all 
of  his  ways,  as  has  been  patent  from  his  business  enter- 
prises and  success  here  in  our  midst.  He  was  born  in 
the  province  of  Schlesien,  Prussia,  on  August  15,  1854, 
being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Barbara  Kluss,  natives 
of  the  same  place,  and  farmers.  The  mother  died  the 
same  year  our  subject  was  born  and  his  father  was 
called  'hence  by  death  in  1867,  and  both  are  buried  in 
the  home  land".  The  year  following  the  death  of  the 
father,  Theodor  being  then  fourteen  years  of  age,  ap- 
prenticed himself  to  a  machinist  and  learned  the  lock- 
smith trade.  He  traveled  over  most  of  Germany,  Switz- 
erland and  Austria,  laboring  at  his  trade,  and"  in  1873 
longed  for  new  fields,  and  accordingly  came  to  America. 
He  settled  in  Madison  county,  Illinois,  and  engaged 
in  farming  for  three  years,  then  sold  out  and  migrated 
to  San  Francisco,  thence  to  Portland,  and  Port  Towns- 
end,  working  for  a  short  time  in  the  latter  places,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1877  made  his  way  into  the  section  now 
embraced  in  Latah  county.  He  selected  a  homestead, 
the  place  where  he  now  lives,  settled  upon  it,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  one  of  the  progressive,  energetic  and 


intelligent  farmers  of  the  country.  He  has  added 
as  much  more  land  to  his  homestead,  giving  him  one- 
half  section  now,  which  is  well  improved,  and  pro 
ciuces  abundant  crops.  The  estate  is  the  family  home 
place,  and  lies  four  miles  north  from  Genesee.  Mr. 
Kluss  is  a  true  representative  of  that  noble  and  sturdy 
class  known  as  pioneers  and  he  does  credit  to  himself 
in  the  way  in  which  he  hag  demonstrated  his  ability  to 
aid  in  the  development  and  advancement  of  the 
country. 

On  August  4,  1887,  Mr.  Kluss  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Andrew  and  Mary  Stritzlc,  and  a  native 
of  Austria,  where  also  her  parents  were  born  and  are 
now  living.  This  wedding  took  place  in  Lewiston, 
Idaho,  and  the  fruit  of  this  union  has  been  four  chil- 
dren, as  follows :  Annie,  Rudolph,  Mary  and  John.  Mr. 
Kluss  is  well  to  do,  having  received  the  proper  reward 
of  his  faithful  labors,  and  he  is  active  in  the  matter 
of  politics,  taking  the  part  of  the  intelligent  citizen,  arid 
he  receives  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his  fellows. 


JAMES  HUTCHISON.  Among  the  leading  fruit 
growers  of  Latah  county  must  be  mentioned  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  and  also  it  is  right  that  the  faithful 
labors  which  he  has  performed  for  the  substantial  prog- 
ress of  this  county  should  receive  proper  consideration. 
Mr.  Hutchison  was  born  near  Cape  Vincent,  New- 
York,  on  February  23,  1855,  being  the  son  of  James 
and  Jane  (Mores)  Hutchison.  The  first  twelve  years 
of  his  life  were  spent  in  Rome,  New  York;  then  in 
company  with  his  parents  he  came  to  Waverly,  Bre- 
mer  county,  Iowa,  where  twelve  years  more  were  spent 
in  farming,  the  father  being  a  railroad  man.  It  was 
in  1 88 1  that  our  subject  came  west  and  settled  first 
on  the  Snake  river,  and  one  year  later  came  to  American 
ridge.  After  several  years  of  residence  there  he  came 
to  his  present  home  place  on  Fix  ridge,  three  miles 
west  from  Juliaetta.  The  year  1887  was  the  date  that 
settlement  was  made  on  this  place,  and  the  estate  shows 
enterprise  and  industry  on  the  part  of  the  owner.  Mr. 
Hutchison  has  fifty  acres  of  orchard,  thirty  of  which 
is  devoted  to  prunes  and  the  balance  to  different  fruits. 
He  owns  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  on  Big  Bear 
ridge,  also  a  dwelling  and  several  lots  in  Port  Angeles, 
Washington.  He  handles  considerable  stock  in  addi- 
tion to  his  fruit  and  farming  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  his  section. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Hutchison  and  Miss  Sophia, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Peter  and  Sophia  (Bushing)  Des- 
granges,  was  solemnized  on  May  22,  1882,  in  Moscow, 
Idaho,  and  eight  children  have  been  born  to  them: 
Wallace  and  Walter,  twins,  the  latter  dying  when  he 
was  five  years  of  age ;  John  and  Jane,  the  former  died 
at  the  age  of  seventeen;  Caroline,  Lottie,  Howard, 
George,  all  at  home.  Mrs.  Hutchison  was  born  and 
educated  in  the  state  of  New  York.  Mr.  Hutchison 
is  a  man  of  ability  and  commendable  activity  in  his 
business  enterprises,  as  his  accumulations  manifest,  and 
he  is  esteemed  and  respected  by  all. 


THEODOR  KLUSS  AND  FAMILY. 


JAMES  HUTCHISON. 


JOHN  H.  HUTCHISON. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


665 


JOHN  H.  HUTCHISON  is  one  of  Latah  county's 
most  enterprising  and  capable  men,  being  the  largest 
fruit  grower  in  the  county  at  the  present  time,  and 
having  abundant  success  in  his  endeavors  because  of 
his  skill  and  wisdom  and  energy  in  handling  the  busi- 
ness, which  has  grown  under  his  care  and  direction 
to  the  proportions  of  a  business  that  may  well  be  a 
source  of  pride  to  the  entire  county. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  personal  history 
of  our  subject,  we  note  that  Mr.  Hutchison  was  born 
on  March  16,  1857,  in  Steuben  county,  New  York, 
being  the  son  of  James  H.  and  Jane  (Mores)  Hutchi- 
son, natives,  respectively,  of  Scotland  and  New  York 
state.  The  father  was  a  bridge  carpenter  and  wrought 
on  structures  for  railways.  When  John  H.  was  very 
young  his  parents  removed  to  Rome,  New  York,  re- 
maining there  until  this  son  was  eleven  years  of  age. 
There  also  the  father  died  and  the  mother  with  her 
children  removed  to  Iowa,  settling  near  Waverly,  Bre- 
mer  count}-,  where  the  son  remained  about  thirteen 
years,  being  occupied  in  gaining  an  education  and  also 
in  the  good  work  of  instruction  in  the  schools.  He 
came  west  to  Whitman  county,  Washington,  in  1880, 
and  for  two  years  he  raised  sheep  there  and  then  re- 
tired from  that  industry  and  removed  to  Latah  county, 
where  he  purchased  a  right  to  the  quarter  section 
where  his  house  now  stands.  To  that  he  has  added 
until  he  owns  four  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  fine 
soil.  Mr.  Hutchison  has  improved  his  estate  in  a  most 

barns,  outbuilding",  and  aH  conveniences  to  handle  a 

general  farming  business.  He  has  an  orchard  of 
forty  acres,  set  entirely  to  prunes,  and  twenty  acres 
more  given  to  a  variety  of  fruits.  His  fruit  products 
alone  amount  to  a  large  industry.  He  has  an  evaporat- 
ing plant  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  feet  by  twenty 

modious  apartment  house  for  the  men,  of  whom  he  em- 
ploys nearly  fifty  in  the  busy  seasons.  Not  onlv  does 
Mr.  Hutchison  excel  in  producing  large  quantities  of 
fruit  but  at  the  Spokane  fruit  fair  he  won  the  gold 
medal  in  1894  and  also  he  has  won  the  same  at  the 
Kendrick  exposition.  His  work  is  highly  commend- 
atory to  him  and  a  source  of  credit  and  pride  to  the 
entire  county. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Hutchison  is  affiliated  with  the 
K.  of  P.  His  marriage  with  Miss  Clara  E.  Barker  was 
solemnized  at  Moscow,  Idaho,  on  June  23,  1890.  She 
had  come  from  Wisconsin,  her  native  state,  with  her 
parents.  William  F.  and  Helen  M.  (Blount)  Barker, 
to  Waverly,  Iowa,  where  she  was  principal  of  the  pri- 
mary schools  and  kindergarten  for  four  years  after 
the  date  of  their  arrival  there,  which  was  '1862.  She 
had  also  taught  in  Wisconsin  and  her  entire  teaching 
experience  dates  over  a  period  of  sixteen  years.  Her 
father  was  a  general  merchant  at  Waverly  for  twenty 
years.  After  Mr.  Hutchison  came  here  he  taught  one 
the  first  schools  that  was  held  in  the  new  building  on 
of  American  ridge.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
Potlatch  Horticultural  Association,  also  of  the  fruit 
fair  at  Kendrick.  In  addition  to  the  exhibt  which  Mr. 


Hutchison  took  to  Spokane,  whci 
medal,  he  has  made  four  others. 
prizes  there  and  elsewhere. 


he  secured  the  gold 


THOMAS  H.  CHRISTIE.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  one  of  the  enterprising  and  progressive  busi- 
ness men  of  Troy,  in  Latah  county,  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  grant  him  space  in  the  history  of  his 
county,  since  he  has  labored  here  faithfully  and  has 
done  much  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  county.  Mr. 
Christie  is  a  merchant,  handling  a  mammoth  stock  of 
general  merchandise  in  Troy,  and  he  has  secured  by  his 
sagacious  business  methods  and  uprightness,  a  large 
patronage. 

Recurring  to  the  personal  history  of  our  subject, 
we  note,  that  as  so  many  of  our  progressive  citizens, 
he  came  from  Norway,  his  birth  being  in  Christianna, 
on  March  6,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Halvor  and  Mary 
Christie.  He  came  to  this  country  in  1869  with  his 
parents  and  settlement  was  made  in  Jackson  county, 
Minnesota,  where  he  was  brought  up  and  educated, 
laboring  also  on  a  farm.  It  was  in  1881  that  he  came 
to  this  country  settling  first  in  Lewiston,  where  he  la- 
bored for  one  year.  Then  he  returned  to  Minnesota 
and  farmed  until  1886  when  he  made  a  second  jour- 
ney west,  that  time  going  to  Tacoma,  where  he  labored 
for  the  Pacific  Elevator  Company  for  one  year.  In  1887 
he  came  to  Genesee.  He  clerked  in  a  general  mer- 
chandise establishment  there  for  one  year  and  then 
opened  a  retail  liquor  store,  which  he  operated  for 
four  years.  1892  marks  the  date'  of  his  removal  to 
Troy  and  then  he  opened  his  present  business,  which 
he  has  steadily  prosecuted  since  that  time  with  fine 
success.  Recently,  Mr.  Christie  sold  his  farm  inter- 
ests and  is  devoting  himself  to  the  store  altogether. 

On  February  15,  1892,  Mr.  Christie  married  Miss 
Maggie,  daughter  of  John  and  Annie  Raun,  who  re- 
side north  from  Troy,  and  two  children  have  been  born 
to  this  union,  namely,  Mildred  and  Edna.  Fraternally, 
Mr.  Christie  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge 
No.  29,  in  Troy  and  with  the  Elks  of  Moscow,  Lodge 
No.  249,  and  with  the  K.  of  P.,  Lodge  No.  n,  in 
Troy.  He  is  a  popular  citizen  and  has  a  good  stand- 
ing among  the  residents'  of  his  section. 


PETER  JOHANN  is  one  of  the  prominent  men 
of  Latah  county,  distinguished  alike  for  his  enterpris- 
ing labors  and  stanch  characteristics  and  intelligence 
in  the  affairs  of  business  and  the  questions  of  the  day, 
being  occupied  in  the  art  of  agriculture  and  stock 
raising,  wherein  he  has  made  a  commendable  success. 
Many  of  the  sturdiest  supporters  of  the  stars  and 
stripes  and  the  warmest  friends  of  the  principles 
which  they  stand  for  have  come  to  us  from  the  land 
of  Germany,  and  in  the  Fatherland  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born,  the  date  being  January  15,  1860, 
and  his  parents  were  John  and  Anna  M.  (Shoemaker) 
Johann.  Peter  received  a  good  education  in  the 


666 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


village  schools  and  grew  up  there  until  the  age  of 
thirteen  years  had  been  reached.  Five  years  previous 
to  that  time  the  father  had  died  and  the  widowed 
mother  came  with  her  family  to  America,  when  this 
son,  the  oldest,  was  thirteen.  He  was  faithful  in  his 
care  of  the  family  that  thus  early  cast  responsibili- 
ties upon  him  and  he  continued  in  that  noble  work  un- 
til he  had  reached  the  age  of  twenty-six.  When 
twenty-one  he  came  at  the  request  of  his  mother  to 
seek  a  place  in  the  west,  but  failing  to  find  what  he 
desired,  he  returned  and  remained  in  the  east  until 
1887,  when  he  again  made  a  tour  of  the  west,  on  this 
occasion  settling  for  a  time  in  Union,  Washington, 
whence  two  years  later  he  came  to  Latah  county  and 

Sirchased  a  farm  which  he  tilled  for  four  years, 
e  then  sold  that  property  and  came  to  Genesee, 
purchasing  a  quarter  and  renting  another  and  then 
later  purchasing  the  second  quarter,  which  gives  him 
the  fine  estate  of  one-half  section,  one  mile  west 
from  Genesee.  This  property  is  one  of  the  most  thrif- 
ty and  well  kept  farms  in  the  county,  it  being  laid  out 
with  skill,  and  improved  with  taste,  and  stocked  with 
display  of  wisdom.  His  home  is  a  rural  retreat  of 
comfort  and  taste,  with  a  fine  residence,  good  barns 
and  outbuildings,  a  well  selected  orchard  and  every- 
thing that  could  gladden  the  heart  of  a  lover  of  home. 
Mr.  Johann  has  been  road  supervisor  for  a  series  of 
years  and  his  public  life,  in  which  he  has  done  much 
as  delegate  to  the  Bryan  conventions  in  the  county, 
has  always  been  characterized  with  the  same  display 
of  acumen,  vigor  and  uprightness  that  are  found  in 
his  private  walk. 

In  1883  Mr.  Johann  married  Miss  Johanna, 
daughter  of  George  and  Katherine  (Bruns)  Bromel- 
ing,  of  Carroll  county,  Iowa,  and  five  children  have 
been  born  to  them:  Annie,  Pauline,  John  M.,  Mary, 
and  Johanna,  deceased.  Mrs.  Johann  was  called  by 
death  from  her  happy  home  and  loving  family  on 
October  14,  1901.  The  oldest  daughter  is  keeping 
house  and  the  family  are  kept  together  in  the  home 
place,  despite  this  sad  loss.  Mr.  Johann  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Catholic  church  and  in  a  devoted  manner 
brings  his  family  under  the  benign  influence  of  his 
faith.  He  is  a  potent  factor  in  the  church  and  labors 
ardently  and  wisely  for  the  advancement  of  its  in- 


GEORGE  W.  GRINER.  Eight  miles  east  from 
Garfield  lies  the  beautiful  estate  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  The  home  place  consists  of  one  hundred  and 
six  acres  of  good  land  well  cultivated  and  handled  to 
diversified  crops,  with  orchard  and  fine  improvements, 
while  in  addition  Mr.  Griner  farms  two  hundred 
acres  of  rented  land. 

Reverting  to  the  personal  history  of  our  subject 
we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Butler  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  May  8,  1860,  the  son  of  John  G.  and  Eliza- 
beth (Carnahan)  Griner.  The  father  was  a  farmer 
and  stockman,  born  on  January  6,  1833,  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  died  March  13,  1900.  He  served  in  the 


Union  army  under  Captains  Hayes  and  Hutchinson. 
His  father  was  Jacob  Griner,  a  blacksmith,  who  mar- 
ried Maria  Step,  born  in  eastern  Pennsylvania.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Allegheny  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  August  5,  1836,  and  her  parents 
were  natives  of  the  same  state.  In  addition  to  our 
subject,  this  worthy  couple  had  children  as  follows: 
William  H.,  in  Whitman'  county;  Samuel  J..  de- 
ceased; Oliver,  deceased;  John  E.,  living  in  Latah 
county;  Mary,  wife  of  Aaron  Fields,  now  deceased; 
Susan  H.,  wife  of  C.  J.  Cockrell,  in  Latah.  county ; 
Maggie  J.,  wife  of  E.  C.  Covey,  near  Seattle ;  Phillip 
S.,  in  Idaho  county ;  Pollard  R.,  deceased ;  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Marion  Munsey,  in  Latah  county;  Bertha  E., 
wife  of  William  Hayden,  in  Latah  county. 

George  W.  worked  on  a  farm  and  attended  school 
in  Pennsylvania  until  fourteen  years  of  age  and  then 
came  west  in  March  with  his  parents  to  Pottawat- 
omie  county,  Kansas.  He  also  attended  school  in 
Manhattan,  Kansas,  and  the  family  remained  in  that 
state  until  1886,  when  they  made  another  move, 
coming  first  to  Spokane  and  thence  to  Latah  county. 
Our  subject  bought  his  present  place  and  then  home- 
steaded  it,  having  litigation  with  the  railroad  com- 
pany but  beating  them. 

On  September  12,  1884,  in  Kansas,  Mr.  Griner 
married  Miss  Charity  A.,  daughter  of  John  and 
Julia  A.  (Hill)  Bills,  and  to  them  were  born  the  fol- 
lowing children :  Ernest,  Alberta,  John  I.,  Elizabeth, 
Letha,  Neva  and  Georgia  A.,  all  being  at  home  ex- 
cept Letha,  who  is  with  her  grandmother.  Mr.  Bills 
was  a  native  of  Ohio  and  his  wife  was  born  in  that 
state  in  1846.  Mrs.  Griner  died  June  13,  1897.  Mr. 
Griner  was  married  a  second  time  on  August  5,  1900, 
in  Moscow,  the  lady  becoming  his  wife  being  Evabell 
(Williamson)  Foley.  Her  parents  were  William  W. 
and  Manan  (Myers)  Williamson,  the  father  being 
a  railroad  engineer,  born  in  Ohio  in  1832,  and  the 
mother  born  in  Buffalo,  New  York,  in  1832,  while 
Mrs.  Griner  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  on  December 
2.  1863,  and  she  spent  some  years  in  teaching  school. 
Her  brothers  and  sisters  are  Gertrude,  wife  of  Frank 
R.  Porter,  in  Illinois ;  George  H.,  in  Fort  Dodge, 
Iowa,  operating  as  a  railroad  engineer ;  Alta  M..  wife 
of  Mr.  Smith,  at  Fort  Smith,  Arkansas.  Mr.  Griner 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  at  Garfield,  and  has 
been  affiliated  with  the  W.  of  W.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W..  and 
the  Maccabees.  They  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
church.  In  1892  Mr.  Griner  was  nominated  by  he 
Populists  for  county  commissioner,  but  while  In 
ahead  of  his  ticket,  he  suffered  defeat  with  the  en 
ticket.  He  takes  a  zealous  interest  in  education 

new  school  house. 


JOSEPH  GEIGER.  The  well  known  and  rep- 
resentative business  man  whose  name  appears  at  the 
head  of  this  article  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of 
Genesee,  where  he  owns  and  operates  a  fine  brewing 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


667 


plant  with  an  output  capacity  of  three  hundred  barrels 
per  year,  and  which  he  handles  with  skill  and  display  of 
talent  and  good  business  ability.  He  was  born  in 
Baden,  Germany,  on  July  28,  1853,  being  the  son  of 
Joseph  Geiger.'  In  the  fatherland  he  was  educated 
in  the  fine  schools  to  be  found  there,  and  at  the  age 
of  eighteen  bade  farewell  to  school-mates,  home  and 
native  land  and  launched  out  into  the  world  for  him- 
self. With  stout  hands  and  a  courageous  heart,  he 
was  prepared  to  do  good  work,  and  when  he  landed 
in  America,  after  a  short  time  spent  in  visiting  friends 
in  New  York,  we  find  him  busily  engaged  in  rail- 
roading in  Texas,  whence  two  years  later  he  went  to 
Iowa.  Farming  engaged  him  there  for  a  time  and 
then  he  went  to  Milwaukee,  where  he  learned  the 
brewing  and  malting  arts,  working  there  until  he  was 
a  master  hand  in  the  science.  Then  he  came  to  Idaho, 
took  up  a  homestead  and  pre-emption,  and  for  twelve 
years  he  wrought  for  their  improvement  and  in  the 
production  of  good  crops.  Then  he  sold  out  and  put 
up  the  brewing  and  malting  house  that  he  now  owns 
and  operates  in  Genesee.  He  has  been  at  this  busi- 
ness since  1888,  and  has  accumulated  a  goodly  com- 
petence of  this  world's  property  owing  to  his  skill  and 
industry,  and  he  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the 
county. 

Mr.  Geiger  married  Miss  Meta  Smith  in  1889, 
and  one  child  was  born  to  them,  Anna  Geiger.  In 
1890  Mrs.  Geiger  was  taken  from  her  home  and 
family  by  the  cold  hand  of  death. 

In  1893  Mr.  Geiger  contracted  a  second  marriage, 
the  lady  of  his  choice  on  this  occasion  being  Char- 
lotte Prager,  and  two  children  have  been  the  fruit 
of  this  union,  Matilda,  going  to  school,  and  Freddie, 
the  youngest.  Mr.  Geiger  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
local  politics  and  matters  of  government,  and  is  al- 
ways allied  on  the  side  of  sound  principles  and  prog- 
ress. He  affiliates  with  the  Catholic  church  and  is  a 
stauch  supporter  of  his  faith. 


ALEXANDER  H. ,  CHARLES.  This  well 
known  gentleman  is  one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of 
Latah  county  and  a  man  who  is  worthy  of  the  trust 
of  his  fellows,  having  been  repeatedly  called  to  serve 
in  public  office,  and  to  his  credit  it  is  to  be  said  that 
in  all  this  service  he  has  evinced  a  faithfulness  to  the 
trust  imposed  and  for  the  welfare  of  the  people  that 
has  enabled  him  to  discharge  in  a  conscientious  and 
capable  way  all  duties. 

Mr.  Charles  was  born  in  Vernon  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  February  26,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Benja- 
min and  Rachel  '(Zellar)  Charles.  He  was  left  an 
orphan  at  an  early  age  and  secured  an  education  by- 
dint  of  hard  labor,  and  also  mastered  the  carpenter 
trade,  a  goodly  showing  for  one  thus  thrown  out 
in  the  world.  He  followed  farming  mostly  until 
1890,  when  he  came  to  Troy  and  took  up  building  for 
a  time.  He  continued  at  the  same  for  four  years  and 
then  determined  to  launch  into  the  mercantile  realm, 


md  accordingly  he  learned  the  apothecary's  art  and 
>pened  a  drug  store.  He  has  a  fine  stock  of  drug's, 
paints,  oils,  stationery,  and  so  forth,  and  does  a  good 
'  'mess  and  is  one  of  the  leading  mercantile  men  of 
the  county.  In  addition  to  this  business,  Mr.  Charles 
has  a  well  improved  farm  one-half  mile  south  from 
Troy,  which  supports  an  orchard  of  twenty-five  acres. 
Mr.  Charles  married  Miss  Martha,  daughter  of 

ty,  Missouri,  and  they  have  two  children,  Maud  and 
Edith.  Fraternally  Mr.  Charles  is  affiliated  with  the 
K.  of  P.,  Lodge 'No.  11,  and  with  the  W.  of  W., 
Lodge  No.  248,  both  at  Troy.  Mr.  Charles  is  very 
active  in  the  political  realm,  and  is  now  serving  his 
second  term  as  county  commissioner  from  the  third 
district,  while  also  he  has  served  a  number  of  terms 
as  city  councilman.  He  is  allied  with  the  Republican 
party  and  is  faithful  in  the  discharge  of  duties  of 
both  a  public  character  and  in  business  enterprise. 

Mr.  Charles  held  a  captain's  commission  in  Com- 
pany M,  Idaho  National  Guards,  for  three  years. 


WILLIAM  N.  THOMPSON.  Five  miles  south- 
west from  Cora,  Idaho,  is  the  estate  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  He  bought  it  some  years  since  and  has 
constantly  farmed  it,  raising  abundance  of  various 
crops  and  horses,  cattle  and  hogs.  William  N.  was 
born  in  Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  Septem- 
ber 17,  1860,  being  the  son  of  John  E.  and  Easter 
A.  (Love)  Thompson.  The  father  was  born  in  the 
same  county  in  1837  and  his  father,  Edward  Thomp- 
son, was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  the  wife  of  that 
gentleman  was  Jeannie  Carnahan.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Butler  county,  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  1837,  and  her  father  was  William  Love'  and 
her  mother  Mary  Thompson.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  he  was  twenty-one,  then  migrated  to 
Pottawatcmie  county,  Kansas,  and  farmed  and  raised 
stock.  He  landed  there  on  March  6,  and  seven  years 
to  a  day  after  that  he  came  thence  to  Spokane.  Wash- 
ington.' He  drove  a  team  for  the  C.  &  C.  Mill  Cm 


of  thai 


r  f 01 


>  La 


county  and  settled  on  a  piece  of  land  which  he  after- 
ward abandoned,  because  it  was  lieu  land.  In  1892 
he  purchased  his  farm,  as  described  above. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Thompson  and  Miss  Anna, 
daughter  of  John  and  Martha  (Carnahan)  Diai,  was 
solemnized  in  Pottawatomie  county,  Kansas,  on  No- 
vember 6,  1884,  and  they  have  six  children.  Millie, 
Tohn,  Orville,  Ruth,  Elsie  and  Inez,  all  at  home.  Mr. 
Dial  is  a  farmer  and  a  large  operator  in  stock  and 
was  born  in  Ohio  on  October  14,  1833,  while  his  wife 
was  born  in  Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  No- 
vember 21,  1840.  Mrs.  Thompson  was  born  in  Pot- 
tawatomie county,  Kansas,  on  October  4,  1864.  and 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  the  Manhattan 
high  school.  Mrs.  Thompson  has  brothers  and  sisters 
as^ follows:  Lewis,  in  Latah  county;  Millie,  wife  of 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Elmer  Whitmore,  in  Spokane,  Washington;  Mary, 
wile  of  Shafer  Caraahan,  in  Kansas  ;  Samuel,  in  Ok- 
lahoma ;  Haley,  wife  of  Eli  Carnahan,  in  Kansas; 
John,  in  Manhattan,  Kansas;  William,  in.  Kansas; 
Grace,  Jesse,  Lihl  and  Charles,  all  in  Kansas.  Mr. 
Thompson's  brothers  and  sisters  are  named  as  fol- 
lows :  Margaret  I.,  deceased  ;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  Will- 
iam Moody,  in  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania;  Edward  U., 
in  Kansas;  John  F.,  in  Latah  county;  Mina  B.,  de- 
ceased ;  Mary  I.,  wife  of  Lewis  Diel,  in  Latah  county  ; 
Agnes,  wife  of  John  Lindsay,  on  Meadow  creek,  in 
Latah  county;  Robert  and  Harry,  on  the  Nez  Perces 
reservation:  George,  in  Latah  county.  Mr.  Thomp- 
ember of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  was  delegate 


to  the  grand  lodge  in  Spokan 
Lodge,  No.  51,  at  Garfield.    He 


1901  fr 


E 
ber  of  the 


,        .      , 

board  of  education  and  of  the  Mountain  Home  district 
and  succeeded  in  establishing  a  fine  school.  His 
father's  brothers  were  all  Union  soldiers  and  the 
father  was  rejected  on  account  of  a  defect  in  hear- 
ing. His  mother  had  several  brothers  in  the  war  also. 


NAPOLEON  B.  LONG,  deceased.  Our  volume 
would  not  be  complete  were  there  omission  of  a 
memorial  of  the  good  man  whose  name  is  at  the  head 
of  this  page,  and  because  of  his  faithful  labors,  his 
worthy  life  and  his  own  real  worth  of  character  and 
uprightness  we  with  pleasure  accord  space  to  him. 
Mr.  Long  was  born  in  Buchanan  county,  Missouri, 
on  April  7,  1844,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mar- 
garet (Barker)  Long.  The  father  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1815,  and  the  mother  was  born  in  West 
Virginia,  on  February  17,  1828.  Besides  our  subject, 
they  had  children  as  follows:  Samantha,  wife  of 
John  Yarbrough,  in  Latah  county;  Columbus  C,  in 
Arizona:  Mary,  wife  of  John  Butts,  in  Arizona; 
Ella  V.,  wife  of  George  Wikoff,  in  Oregon  ;  America, 
deceased;  Emma,  wife  of  Simon  Elcoks,  in  Oregon; 
John  J.,  in  California. 

While  our  subject  was  a  child  the  family  came 
to  Iowa  and  shortly  came  west,  settling  in  the  vicinity 
of  The  Dalles,  Oregon.  Napoleon  B.  enlisted  for 
three  years  in  the  First  Oregon  Infantry,  Company 
G,  under  Captain  A.  J.  Barland.  to  fight  the  Indians. 
He  was  a  drummer  boy,  and  after  eighteen  months' 
service  he  was  discharged.  Following  the  Indian  war, 
the  family  went  to  Salem,  and  thence  to  Modoc  coun- 
ty. California,  and  there  our  subject  took  a  mail  route 
from  the  Rogue  river  across  the  mountains,  which 
was  a  very  dangerous  employment,  especially  during 
the  Modoc  Indian  uprising.  Two  years  later  they  re- 
turned to  Linn  county,  Oregon,  and  there  engaged  in 
farming  and  labor  in  the  timber.  It  was  in  October, 
1883,  that  Mr.  Long  came  to  Latah  county,  his 
parents  having  preceded  him  hither.  He  purchased 
a  farm  and  homesteaded  a  forty,  the  place  being  seven 
miles  east  from  Garfield,  where  the  family  now  reside. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Long  and  Emma  (Blalock) 
Seits  was  solemnized  on  November  29,  1876,  in  Mo- 


doc county,  California,  and  the  following  children 
have  been  born  to  them:  Freddie  Q.,  deceased; 
Minnie,  at  home;  Jesse  A.,  married  to  Amanda 
Augir,  and  residing  at  home ;  George  E.,  Anna  E., 
Henry  L.,  Robert  E.,  Charles  A.,  Vina  E.,  deceased, 
Mary  M.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Long's  parents  were  Abra- 
ham and  Mary  Seits,  the  father  a  farmer  and  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1810,  and'  the  mother  born  in  Mis- 
souri in  1831.  Mrs.  Long  was  born  in  Buchanan 
county,  Missouri,  on  March  30,  1841,  and  has  brothers 
and  sisters  named  as  follows :  Nancy,  living  in  Ore- 
gon ;  Henry,  in  Oregon ;  Mary  E.,  deceased ;  Frances, 
in  Oregon;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Heath,  in 
Okanogan  county,  Washington;  Josiah,  deceased; 
Harriett,  deceased ;  Lincoln,  in  Oregon. 

Mr.  Long  was  not  a  politician  and  would  never 
accept  office  at  the  hands  of  his  fellows.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Farmers'  Alliance  and  of  the  Farm- 
ers' Club.  His  fine  farm  of  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres  was  well  kept  and  he  was  skillful  in  his  labors. 
He  was  an  active  member  and  worker  in  the  United 
Brethren  church  and  was  always  zealous  in  the  prog- 
ress of  the  faith.  The  death  of  Mr.  Long  came  sud- 
denly, on  May  3,  1902,  falling  from  sudden  failure  of 
the  heart.  He  stood  beside  his  faithful  wife  and  as 
the  spirit  took  its  flight  he  fell  forward  into  her  arms. 
To  the  ones  left  behind  there  is  much  comfort  in  the 
thought  that  while  it  was  death  here,  to  this  noble 
Christian  man  it  was  but  "absent  from  the  body, 
present  with  the  Lord."  The  One  whom  he  ha'd 
served  so  long  and  faithfully  called  to  the  eternal  re- 
wards his  child,  and  hope  may  well  brighten  the 
darkness  of  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death. 


JAMES  E.  DAILEY.  The  esteemed  pioneer, 
whose  name  heads  this  article,  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial men  of  the  county  and  a  leader  in  many  lines,  and 
is  accredited  with  the  distinction  of  living  longer  in 
Latah  county  without  using  whisky  than  any  other 
man  in  the  Palouse  country.  He  is  a  man  of  sound 
principles  and  unswerving  integrity  and  is  highly 
esteemed  by  all  of  his  fellows.  James  E.  was  born  in 
La  Salle  county,  Illinois,  on  April  16,  1858,  the  son 
of  Robert  and  Eleanor  (Hughes)  Dailey.  The  father 
was  born  in  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1826, 
and  is  now  living  in  Latah  county.  His  grandfather, 
James  Dailey,  was  a  native  of  the  same  place  and  died 
there.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Greene 
county  in  1836,  and  is  now  living  in  Latah  county. 
Her  father,  John  Hughes,  was  born  and  died  in 
Greene  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  his  father  was  killed 
there  by  the  Indians 'in  an  early  age.  Our  subject's 
parents  removed  to  Story  county,  Iowa,  in  1864,  and 
four  years  later  went  thence  to  Hamilton  county  and 
farmed.  Our  subject  attended  school  and  later  came 
with  his  parents  to  San  Francisco,  thence  to  Port- 
land by  steamer  and  on  to  The  Dalles,  whence  they 
made  their  way  by  teams  to  the  Palouse  river,  there 
being  no  Palouse  City  then.  They  took  land  and  at 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


669 


the  age  of  t 


he  age  of  twenty-one  James  took  a  portion  of  his  pres- 
ent place,  seven  miles  northeast  from  Palouse.  Since 
he  has  purchased  more  and  is  one  of  the  substantial 
farmers  of  the  county  and  raises  abundant  crops  of 
hay  and  the  cereals  from  his  half  section  of  fine  land. 
He  took  part  in  the  defense  of  the  settlers  at  the  time 
of  the  Indian  outbreak.  He  was  packing  to  Cam 
prairie  at  the  time  and  assisted  to  take  all  his  people 
to  Colfax. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Dailey  and  Miss  Ida,  daugh- 
ter of  Talbott  and  Sarah  (Haynes)  Ingraham,  was 
celebrated  on  January  I,  1882.  They  have  five  chil- 
dren :  Blanche,  deceased  ;  Ward  E.,  deceased  ;  Robert 
T.,  at  home;  Aland  I.,  and  Sarah  Odna,  at  home. 
Mr.  Ingraham  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Ohio  on  May  6, 
1833.  His  grandmother  was  Jemimah  Birch  and'  his 
grandfather  Ingraham  was  born  in  Wales.  Mrs. 
Dailey  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Illinois,  on  No- 
vember 23,  1864,  and  gained  her  education  in  the 
public  schools.  Mrs.  Dailey  has  brothers  and  sisters 
as  follows:  Warren  S.,  in  Pennsylvania;  Eliza  J., 
wife  of  Bert  Trownfelter  and  living  in  Lewiston; 
Daniel  S.,  deceased.  Mr.  Dailey's  brothers  and  sis- 
ters are  named  as  follows:  .  Louisa,  wife  of  Walter 
Dean,  in  Latah  county,  John  L.  and  Hughes  I.  on 
Nez  Perces  reservation;  Anna  E.,  wife  of  W.  W. 
Davis,  of  Latah  county  ;  Robert  R.,  at  home  in  Latah 
county:  Charles  M.,  also  at  home  in  Latah  county. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dailey  are  members  of  the  Christian 
church  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  school  board.  It  is 
of  note  that  six  uncles  of  Mr.  Dailey  fought  in  the 
Civil  war,  one.  I.  I.  Hughes  becoming  captain.  Mrs. 
Dailey  had  five  uncles  in  the  Civil  war  and  three  died 
there,  one  in  Andersonville  prison.  They  were  fifers 
and  one  was  a  drum  major.  In  1875  Mr.  Dailey  car- 
ried the  mail  from  Lewiston  to  Spokane,  Lewiston  be- 
ing the  distributing  point  then.  And  it  is  of  note  that 
at  that  time  J.  M.  Glover  kept  a  little  store  in  a  box 
house  in  Spokane  and  there  was  no  accommodation 
for  a  horse  to  be  found  and  Mr.  Dailey  was  obliged  to 
feed  him  on  a  picket  rope. 


EDWARD  T.  PLATT.  No  man  is  better  known 
throughout  Latah  county,  both  for  the  ability  in  busi- 
ness matters  and  the  sound  principles  that  dominate 
a  faithful  personal  walk,  than  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  to  whom  we  grant  a  representation  in  the  vol- 
ume of  his  county's  history.  He  is  one  of  the  heavy 
property  owners  of  the  county,  has  a  fine  estate  of  four 
hundred  acres  adjoining  the  town  of  Genesee,  main- 
tains a  large  and  fine  orchard,  has  all  kinds  of  im- 
portant and  comfortable  improvements,  and  is  one  of 
the  up  to  date  and  intelligent  and  progressive  business 
men  of  this  section  of  the  country. 

Edward  T.  was  born  in  Highland,  Iowa  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  November  i,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Ed- 
ward and  Susanah  (Jones)  Platt.  He  received  his 
early  education  in  the  native  place  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty  entered  the  state  normal  at  Platteville,  Wis- 
consin, where  he  completed  a  two  years'  course.  He 


then  followed  teaching  for  two  and  one-half  years  in 
the  vicinity  of  Lemars,  Iowa,  whence  he  then  went  to 
Allentown,  Dakota,  and  in  the  spring  of  1881  took  a 
trip  to  his  native  place.  Then  he  went  to  Omaha.  Ne- 
braska, bought  a  ticket  for  Lewiston,  Idaho,  and  at 
that  time  a  train  of  sixty-five  cars,  bringing  seven 
hundred  people  to  settle  in  that  country,  came  through, 
consuming  one  month  on  the  road.  This  large  rein- 
forcement arrived  in  Lewiston  on  October  9,  1881,  and 
soon  after  we  find  our  subject  in  the  vicinity  of  Gen- 
esee, where  he  engaged  to  work  for  John  Evans  and 
in  the  spring  of  the  next  year  he  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  this  man  and  together  they  wrought  for  five 
years.  Then  Mr.  Platt  bought  the  James  Hansen 
farm,  which  he  still  owns  and  where  the  family  home 
is.  His  residence  is  one  of  the  most  sightly  a'nd  ele- 
gant of  the  city,  overlooking  the  town  and  his  farm, 
which  comprises  four  hundred  acres  and  'is  handled 
half  for  stock,  of  which  he  owns  three  hundred  head, 
and  half  for  farming  purposes.  He  has  an  excellent 
orchard  of  one  thousand  trees,  and  his  buildings,  as 
barns,  outbuildings,  and  all  necessary  equipment  for 
the  farm,  are  all  of  the  best,  and  commodious  and  com- 
fortable. In  March,  1902,  Mr.  Platt  sold  from  his 
herds  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars'  worth  of 
fine  beef  stock,  and  he  is  one  of  the  heaviest  stockmen 
in  the  county.  In  political  matters  he  has  also  been- 
a  leader  and  in  1892  he  was  nominated  by  the  Repub- 
lican party  for  county  commissioner  and  was  elected 
by  a  handsome  majority.  He  has  served  as  justice  of 
the  peace  and  in  numerous  other  offices.  In  1889  he 
was  instrumental  in  assisting  to  lay  out  the  town  of 
Genesee  and  handled  much  of  the  property.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Genesee  Bank  and  acted  as  its 
vice  president.  He  also  owns  four  houses  and  lots, 
besides  his  elegant  home,  in  addition  to  the  other  prop- 

'Mr.  Platt  married  Miss  Carrie,  daughter  of  John 
M.  Harris,  of  Mineral  Point,  Wisconsin,  on 
November  6,  1875,  and  the  fruit  of  this  union  is  as 
follows:  John,  born  April  5,  1877,  married  and  liv- 
ing on  the  Salmon  river,  in  the  stock  business :  Laura 
born  December  24,  1878,  wife  of  W.  Dorchester,  also 
residing  on  the  Salmon  river  and  in  the  stock  business ; 
Susie,  born  May  27,  1881,  wife  of  W.  Hickman,  op- 
irating  a  livery  in  Genesee;  William,  born  July  14, 
884,  going  to  school.  Mr.  Platt  is  a  charter  member 
of  the  Genesee  Lodge  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  has  passed 
of  the  chairs.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Free 
Methodist  church,  and  is  a  man  with  the  courage  of 
his  convictions,  both  in  religious  life  and  business  en- 
prise,  while  his  walk  is  one  of  exemplary  worth  and 
is  entitled  to  the  generous  bestowal  of  confidence 
and  esteem  which  he  enjoys  from  his  fellows. 


HARTZELL   COBBS.     Doubtless   no   profession 
which  the  lot  of  man  lias  fallen  is  so  productive  of 
good  or  evil  as  that  of  the  instructor,  hence  it  is  that 
popular  sentiment  demands,  and  rightly,  too,  that  the 
who  fill  these  responsible  positions  should  be  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


choicest  in  demeanor,  integrity,  ability  and  sound 
principles.  As  one  of  the  leaders  in  this  line  of  work 
in  this  county,  we  are  bound  to  mention  the  subject 
of  this  article,  whose  work  is  in  every  respect  of  high 
order,  and  has  placed  him  in  the  enviable  position  of 
one  of  the  most  prominent  educators  in  this  section  of 
the  country. 

Mr.  Cobbs  was  born  in  Mahoning  county,  Ohio,  on 
August  2,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Amasa  and  Annie 
M/(Schaeffer)  Cobbs,  now  deceased.  Our  subject 
received  his  primary  education  in  the  schools  adjacent 
to  his  native  place  and  then  he  took  a  term  in  the  Da- 
mascus Academy  and  one  year  at  the  Hiram  College. 
He  completed  his  education  at  the  Northeastern  Nor- 
mal College,  at  Canfield,  Ohio,  in  1887,  then  inaugu- 
rated his  career  of  teacher  in  the  public  schools.  Two 
years  were  thus  spent  in  the  country  schools  and  three 
years  in  Petersburg.  In  the  fall  of  1889  he  came 
west,  teaching  first  in  the  country  schools,  then  taking 
the  position  of  principal  of  the  Russell  school  in  Mos- 
cow. Following  this  he  came  to  Genesee,  assuming 
the  principalship  of  the  city  schools.  This  was  in  the 
fall  of  1894  and  since  that  time  he  has  continued  in 
that  department.  The  work  that  came  to  his  hand  was 
to  grade  and  properly  arrange  the  rooms  and  grades 
for  the  three  hundred  pupils  that  were  under  his 
'charge,  also  map  out  the  work  for  the  five  teachers 
who  assisted  him.  This  was  completed  in  a  fine  man- 
ner and  the  Genesee  schools  are  as  well  graded  and 
in  as  good  shape  as  any  in  the  entire  county.  Mr. 
Cobbs  has  done  a  fine  work  and  much  credit  is  due  to 
his  faithful  efforts.  As  a  sample  of  his  faithfulness 
in  instruction,  eight  of  his  pupils  applied  to  pass  the 
examination  for  teachers'  certificates.  Five  of  this 
number  received  second  grade,  one  first  grade  and 
two  received  standing  for  the  second  grade,  but  on  ac- 
count of  their  age  were  unable  to  have  a  certificate. 
These  have  made  successful  teachers  and  are  doing 
good  work  in  the  county.  It  is  the  intention  to  handle 
the  school  as  a  preparatory  course  to  the  freshman 
class  of  the  State  University.  The  school  property  in 
Genesee  is  well  furnished,  admirably  located  and  under 
the  charge  of  their  efficient  and  capable  principal  is  a 
busy  and  bright  place  for  the  assembled  youth  of  the 
city. 


WILLIAM  W.  DAVIS.  An  enterprising  and 
capable  agriculturist  and  patriotic  citizen,  the  subject 
of  this  article  is  deserving  of  consideration  in  the  his- 
tory of  his  county,  since  also  he  has  labored  here  faith- 
fully for  many  years  in  the  upbuilding  and  improve- 
ment of  the  same  and  doing  labors  which  deserve 
much  credit.  He  was  born  in  Lane  county,  Oregon,  on 
May  18.  1860,  the  son  of  James  G.  and  Martha  (Mc- 
Culloch)  Davis,  born  respectively  in  1826  and  in  Ohio 
in  1823.  William  W.  remained  with  his  parents  until 
he  had  reached  the  age  of  eighteen  years  and  then 
went  to  work  for  himself.  He  had  acquired  a  good 
education  from  the  district  schools  and  his  first  move 
was  to  Latah  county,  where  he  squatted  on  a  piece  of 
land  until  he  was  twenty-one  and  then  he  took  the 


He  worked   for  neighboring 
lucted  a  stock  ranch  in  Lincoln 
This   latter   industry  he  with- 
nd  put  in  his  first  crop  in  Latah 
:ime  he  has  continued  here  en- 
•  farm,  with  good  orchard,  and 
's  located  four 


same  as   a  homesteac 
farmers  and  also  con 

drew  from  in  1 

county.     Since  that  1 

tirely  and  has  a  fin 

which  produces  abundantly.    His  fat 

miles  northeast  from  Palouse. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Davis  and  Miss  Anna,  daugh- 
ter of  Robert  and  Ellen  (Hughes)  Dailey,  was  sol- 
emnized on  July  3.  1893,  in  Latah  county.  They  have 
two  children,  Rosco  J.  and  Roy  R.  Mrs.  Davis'  fa- 
ther was  born  in  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1826 
and  the  mother  in  the  same  county  in  1836.  The  fa- 
ther is  a  farmer  now  in  Latah  county.  Mrs.  Davis 
was  born  in  Story  county,  Iowa,  on  October  29,  1869, 
and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools.  Her  brothers 
and  sisters  are  named  as  follows :  James  E.,  in  Latah 
county;  Louisa  A.,  wife  of  Walter  Bean,  in  Latah 
county ;  John  L.  and  Hughes  I.,  in  Nez  Perces  county ; 
Robert  R.  and  Charles  M.,  in  Latah  county.  Mr. 
Davis  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters : 
Nancy  A.,  wife  of  James  Fairchild,  in  Whitman  coun- 
tv,  Washington:  Joseph  H.,  in  Colfax;  Angeline,  wife 
o'f  W.  J.  Breeding,  in  Palouse.  Mr.  Davis  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World  and  he  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Christian  church.  He  is  active  in 
politics  and  holds  the  principles  of  the  stanch  old  Jef- 
fersonian  Democracy.  In  school  matters  Mr.  Davis 
is  also  zealous  and  always  laboring  for  the  best.  His 
mother's  brother  was  Captain  McCulloch,  in  the  Civil 


DANIEL  LACKNER  is  one  of  the  leading  farm- 
ers in  the  vicinity  of  Princeton,  his  fine  estate  of  three 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  lying  one-half  mile  east  from 
the  town.  In  addition  to  his  farming  Mr.  Lackner  has 
also  operated  as  a  blacksmith  for  many  years  here  and 
he  is  well  known  all  over  this  section  of  the  country  as 
a  fine  workman,  a  capable  and  upright  man  and  a  loyal 
citizen.  His  birth  occurred  in  Ontario,  Canada,  on 
December  23,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Conrad  and  Caro- 
line (Leusing)  Lackner.  The  father  was  born  in 
Baden,  Germany,  in  1824  and  the  mother  was  born  in 
Germany  in  1835.  Her  mother  died  in  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, in  1899,  being  aged  eighty-nine  years.  In  addi- 
tion to  our  subject,  this  worthy  couple  had  other  chil- 
dren as  follows :  Henry,  in  Ohio ;  Catherine,  wife  of 
Henry  Sinkpiehl.  living  in  Ontario,  Canada;  Lucy, 
wife  of  Sam  Stauffcr,  of  Ontario;  William,  in  Golden, 
Oregon;  John,  in. Ontario;  Alary,  wife  of  Mr.  Purdy, 
of  Ontario:  Lydia.  in  Ontario.  When  quite  young, 
Daniel  was  apprenticed  to  a  blacksmith  and  he  worked 
at  that  trade  until  1883,  when  he  came  to  the  United 
States,  landing  first  in  Detroit,  where  he  labored  at  his 
trade  for  a  time.  In  1888  we  find  him  in  Palouse, 
whence  he  came  to  Princeton  and  opened  a  shop  for 
himself.  He  soon  had  a  good  trade  and  he  pur- 
chased land  until  he  has  the  fine  estate  which  was 
mentioned  above.  In  1901  he  dropped  shop  work  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


3  hii 


retired  to  th< 
present  time. 

On  February  7,  1893,  at  Moscow,  occurred  the 
marriage  of  Mr.'  Lackner  and  Miss  Dora,  daughter  of 
Frank  and  Mary  (Austin)  Bull,  and  four  children 
have  been  born '  to  them :  Nellie,  eight  years  old; 
Percy,  seven  years  old :  Jesse,  six  years  old ;  and  Ber- 
tha, 'four  years  old.  Mr.  Bull  was  a  preacher  in  the 
Christian  church  "and  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1856  and 
is  now  living  at  Eugene,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Lackner  was 
born  in  Anoka  county,  Minnesota,  on  October  14, 
1875.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  church. 
i\ir.  Lackner  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows : 
William  ;  Etta,  wife  of  Clinton  Trotter  ;  Sarah,  wife  of 
Bert  Scott;  Ivan,  with  parents;  all  living  in  Jasper, 
Oregon.  Mr.  Lackner  is  a  member  of  the  school  board 
and  has  been  for  many  years  and  always  labors  for  the 
betterment  of  educational  facilities.  Mrs.  Lackner's 
uncle,  D.  Austin,  and  her  grandfather,  Isaac  Men- 
denhall,  were  both  soldiers  in  the  Civil  war.  Mr. 
Lackner  is  a  man  of  sagacity  and  industry  and  he  has 


OLOF  OLSON.  This  esteemed  and  capable  busi- 
ness man  of  Latah  county  is  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  Olson  &  Johnson,  hardware  and  furniture  mer- 
chants of  Troy,  Idaho,  which  is  one  of  the  leading 
mercantile  firms  of  the  county,  and  they  handle  a  full 
line  of  general  and  building  hardware  and  house  fur- 
nishings, being  enterprising  and  wide  awake  business 
men,  whose  deferential  tratment  of  patrons  and  wise 
handling  of  business  with  strict  integrity  and  upright- 
ness, have  given  them  the  reward  of  a  large  trade  from 
the  surrounding  country. 

Mr.  Olson  was  born  in  Norrland  county,  Sweden, 
on  January  10,  1855,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mar- 
tha'Olson.  His  early  education  was  gained  in  his  na- 
tive land  and  in  1870,  with  the  balance  of  the  family, 
he  came  to  the  United  States.  They  settled  in  Pike 

grated  to  Tennessee,  and  in  1874  a  move  was  made  to 
Pawnee  county,  Kansas,  where  they  remained,  farm- 
ing. Our  subject  left  that  place  in  1882,  coming  to 
Washington,  and  labored  one  year  at  the  carpenter 
trade,  which  he  had  learned  previously.  This  was  in 
Tacoma,  and  in  1883  he  came  to  Moscow  and  there 
operated  at  contracting  and  building  until  1891,  when 
he  came  to  Troy,  as  a  member  of  the  Vollmer  Mercan- 
tile and  Milling  Company.  In  1898  this  concern  dis- 
solved, and  with  his  partner,  Mr.  Johnson,  Mr.  Olson 
bought  their  hardware  stock.  To  this  they  have  added 
a  complete  line  of  house  furnishings,  besides  making 
the  stock  of  full  assortment.  Mr.  Olson  has  consid- 
erable farm  land  south  of  the  town  and  also  a  fine  resi- 
dence in  tho  town.  He  has  been  the  postmaster  for  the 
past  three  years  and  he  has  discharged  the  duties  of 

pleasing  to  all  patrons. 

daughter  of  Andrew  and  Charlotte  Johnson,  was  sol- 


emnized in  Larned,  Kansas,  in  1880,  and  they  have 
been  blessed  by  the  advent  of  five  children,  named  as 
follows:  Alma,  wife  of  Peter  Olson;  Edla,  wife  of 
August  Johnson,  partner  of  Mr.  Olson ;  Hilda,  Nora 
and  Elof.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Olson  are  members  of  the 
Lutheran  church  and  they  are  exemplary  people  and 
valuable  members  of  society. 


THOMAS  STINSON.  The  varied  and  excellent 
talents  of  our  subject  have  found  ample  opportunity 
for  operation  in  the  resourceful  country  of  our  county 
and  he  has  put  to  good  use  the  abilities  with  which 
nature  has  endowed  him,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  fol- 
lowing. Mr.  Stinson  was  born  in  Tuscola  county, 
Michigan,  in  1859.  April  29th,  being  the  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Eliza  (Brophy)  Stinson.  While  still  a  child 
he  went  with  his  parents  to  the  province  of  Ontario, 
Canada,  where  the  family  remained  until  Thomas  was 
eighteen  years  of  age.  He  labored  on  a  farm  and 
gained  meanwhile  his  education  from  the  excellent 
schools  of  that  country.  Then  they  removed  to  Doug- 
las county,  Minnesota,  and  for  eight  years  our  subject 
operated  a  threshing  outfit,  being  excellently  fitted  for 
it  and  making,  therefore,  a  good  success  of  the  enter- 
prise. It  was  1886,  when  he  headed  toward  the  west 
and  settlement  was  made  in  Latah  county,  a  homestead 
being  selected  one-half  mile  east  from  where  Troy  now 
stands.  He  improved  the  farm  in  an  excellent  manner 
and  in  addition  to  that  labor  he  also  operates  each 
year  in  the  proper  seSson,  a  threshing  outfit,  and  at  the 
present  time  he  has  about  the  finest  outfit  for  this 
purpose  that  is  in  the  county  of  Latah.  He  has  become 
an  expert  in  separating  the  golden  grain  from  the 
chaff,  which  also  characterizes  Mr.  Stinson  in  all  of  his 
business  dealings,  for  he  is  a  man  of  keen  perception 
and  sagacity  and  has  had  ample  and  broad  experience. 
In  addition'  to  the  callings  mentioned  above,  we  must 
add  another  to  have  the  full  quota  of  Mr.  Stmson's 
labors,  for  he  is  proprietor  of  the  Hotel  Rietman.  in 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Stinson  and  Miss  Grace, 
daughter  of  Albert  and  Mattie  (Stitt)  Parker,  was 
solemnized  in  Troy,  on  July  17,  1889,  and  they  have 
one  child,  Roy  H.'  Mr.  Stinson  is  a  member  of  the 
W.  of  W.,  Lodge  No.  248,  in  Troy.  Mr.  Stinson  is  a 
man  of  excellent  standing  among"  his  fellows,  has  la- 
bored faithfully  here  for  the  advancement  of  the  in- 
terests of  the  county  and  is  highly  esteemed  and  re- 
spected by  all,  being  a  man  deserving  and  dominated 
by  sound  principles. 


SAMUEL  T.  CHAMBERS.  The  great-grandfa- 
ther of  our  subject  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  as  were  also  his  nine  brothers,  and  the  same 

of  this,  his  great-grandson,  for  when  the  call  came  for 
•nen,  stanch  and  true,  to  defend  the  flag  and  save  the 
Union,  Samuel  T.  was  ready  and  quickly  signed  the 


672 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


roll  and  seized  the  musket  which  never  left  his  hands 
until  the  entire  work  was  done  and  well  done.  He  was 
a  member  of  Company  B,  Twenty-sixth  Indiana  In- 
fantry, and  was  ordered  to  Missouri  to  reinforce  Mulli- 
gan, who  stood  against  Price.  Our  subject  fought  at 
Prairie  Grove,  L'tonia,  Springfield,  Keatsville,  and 
other  engagements,  and  then  was  sent  to  Mississippi, 
where  he  participated  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  un- 
til the  place  capitulated  in  1863.  He  then  fought 
at  Yazoo  City,  Milligan's  Bend  and  at  the  siege  of 
Mobile.  At  the  battle  of  Prairie  Grove  a  man  was 
killed  on  either  side  of  him  and  one  behind  him  and 
a  bullet  took  a  piece  from  his  ear,  but  he  did  not  stop 
fighting.  He  was  mustered  out  on  January  22,  1866, 
serving  about  four  and  one-half  years.  Following  this 
excellent  service,  he  went  again  to  private  life  and  its 
duties,  visiting  Indianapolis  first  and  then  his  old 
home,  where  he  went  to  farming.  He  remained  in 
Knox  county  and  shipped  stock  until  1872  and  then, 
having  met  with  reverses,  he  decided  to  migrate,  and 
we  next  find  him  at  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  in 
1872.  He  settled  six  miles  above  Colfax,  there  being 
but  one  family  where  the  city  of  Colfax  now  stands. 
He  took  land  and  sold  and  removed  three  times  before 
1883,  when  he  came  to  Latah  county  and  took  his 
present  place,  three  miles  east  from  Princeton.  He  has 
a  quarter  section  of  good  land  and  raises  hay  and  stock 
and  is  numbered  with  the  leading  men  of  the  section. 
Mr.  Chambers  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Indiana, 
on  June  20,  1832..  the  son  of  Levi  Chambers.  The  fa- 
ther was  born  in  1796  and  married  Miss  Beverton,  a 
native  of  England,  who  died  July  i,  1832.  After  the 
death  of  his  mother,  Samuel  was  sent  to  live  with  his 
uncle,  James  Chambers,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
was  left  alone  in  the  world  by  the  death  of  these  rela- 
tives also.  He  worked  on  the  farm  until  1861  and  then 
commenced  the  military  record  which  we  have  briefly 
outlined  and  which  is  a  credit  to  him  and  his  family. 
Mr.  Chambers  was  married  on  March  22,  1866,  in  In- 
diana, Joanna  Bell  becoming  his  wife,  and  they  are 
the  parents  of  the  following  children:  Eudorus  and 
Ulysses,  twins;  Orpha,  wife  of  G.  T.  Cochran,  in 
Latah  county ;  Osela,  deceased ;  Corinne,  wife  of  G.  F. 
Bay,  in  Latah  county;  Joe,  at  home.  Mrs.  Chambers 
was  born  in  Knox  county.  Indiana,  on  October  4, 
1839,  the  daughter  of  William  and  Nancy  (Lemon) 
Bell.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born  January  22, 
•1813,  in  Harrison  county,  Indiana.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Sullivan  county,  Indiana,  on  April  4,  1820, 
her  father's  name  was  Friend  Lemon  and  he  was  born 
in  Kentucky  in  1783.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of 
Mrs.  Chambers  are:  F.  L.  Bell,  living  in  Garfield ; 
Mary  E.  Stephenson,  deceased;  Achsah  Shields,  de- 
ceased ;  Kittie,  deceased.  Mr.  Chambers'  brothers  are : 
William  C,  deceased;  Levi,  in  Missouri.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Chambers  are  members  of  the  Christian  church 
and  he  has  been  a  director  in  the  school  district  for 
many  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  at 
Palouse  and  is  a  highly  respected  man  and  citizen. 
For  his  excellent  service  for  his  country  Mr.  Cham- 
bers draws  a  modest  pension. 


CHARLES  E.  BOWMAN.  The  thrifty  farmer 
whose  name  appears  here,  is  the  possessor  of  a  fine 
estate  in  Latah  and  Nez  Perces  counties,  and  is  living 
at  the  present  time  one  mile  east  from  Genesee,  where 
he  has  a  good  farm,  well  improved  and  produtcive  of 
abundant  crops.  His  real  estate  holdings  amount  to 
over  four  hundred  acres  and  one  year's  crop  has 
amounted  to  more  than  ten  thousand  bushels  of  wheat, 
besides  other  productions,  thus  dem6nstrating  the  rich- 
ness of  the  land  and  the  skill  of  its  owner.  He  has 
a  fine  home,  good  outbuildings,  well  selected  orchard 
of  choice  varieties,  plenty  of  stock  and  much  other 
property.  Mr.  Bowman  took  a  homestead  in  the  Nez 
Perces  reservation  in  1895,  proving  up  on  the  same  in 
1902.  thus  adding  another  quarter  to  his  valuable  prop- 
erties. 

The  birth  of  Charles  E.  occurred  on  June  8,  1857, 
in  Oregon  City,  Oregon,  he  being  the  son  of  Joshua 
and  Emaline  (Lovelancl)  Bowman,  natives,  respect- 
ively, of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York.  The  father 
died  in  1877,  aged  sixty-seven  years,  and  the  mother 
is  still  living  in  Genesee,  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine, 
and  is  well  and  smart.  Until  he  was  thirteen  years  of 
age  our  subject  attended  the  schools  in  Oregon  City 
and  then  the  father  moving  farther  out,  where  there 
were  no  schools,  he  was  denied  any  futher  schooling, 
except  what  was  gained  from  the  school  life,  in  which 
he  has  manifested  a  precocity,  however,  that  has 
given  him  the  meed  of  fine  success  and  sagacity.  The 
first  eighteen  years  of  Mr.  Bowman's  career  were  spent 
in  the  service  of  his  father  and  then  he  started  in  the 
battle  of  life  for  himself.  He  bought  eighty  acres  of 
railroad  land  and  for  five  years  farmed  it,  then  sold 
out  and  removed  to  Genesee,  Idaho.  Here  he  rented 
his  father-in-law's  place  for  eight  years  and  then  pur- 
chased one  hundred  and  twelve  acres  where  he  now 
resides,  one  mile  east  from  Genesee.  In  addition  to 
the  other  items  mentioned  in  his  industries,  Mr.  Bow- 
man devotes  much  attention  to  handling  and  raising 
cattle,  of  which  he  has  a  large  number  at  the  present 


On   June    16, 

Emma  A.,  daughte 

f  Mar 


81,  Mr.  Bowman  married  Miss 
of  Daniel  B.  Markham  and  a  na- 
,- Oregon,  and  they  have  been 
" 


blessed  by  the  advent  "of  the  following  children  :  Roy  " 
D.  and  Rolla  E.,  twins  ;  Clayton  C.,  Hattie  M.,  all  liv- 
ing with  their  parents.  Mr.  Bowman  is  active  in  po- 
litical matters,  being  allied  with  the  Democratic  party 
and  a  great  admirer  of  Bryan  and  his  methods,  while 
also  in  local  matters  he  is  intelligently  active  and  pro- 
gressive. He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  Both  he 
and  his  family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church, 
South,  and  they  are  stanch  supporters  of  the  faith. 


JOHN  C.  MILLER.  From  Germany,  whence  come 
so  many  of  our  most  thrifty  agriculturists,  hails  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  and  with  industry  and  wisdom 
he  has  labored  in  his  chosen  land  with  manifestation 
of  talent  that  has  brought  a  bright  success  in  his  ef- 


JOHN  C.  MILLER. 


MRS.  JOHN  C.  MILLER. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


forts,  pro 

zen.  Air.  Miller  was  born  in  Wurtemberg  on  April 
I,  1840,  being  the  son  of  Frederick  and  Christiana 
(Wurst)  Miller.  The  parents  were  farmers  of  Ger- 
many, and  our  subject  received  a  good  training  in  the 
agricultural  art  and  a  common  school  education,  and 
on  April  25,  1867,  we  find  him  in  New  York  ready  to 
seek  his  fortune  in  this  new  world.  He  went  direct 
to  Detroit,  Michigan,  and  thence  to  the  copper  mines 
on  Lake  Superior,  where  he  labored  three  and  one- 
half  years.  Next  he  removed  to  Joliet,  Illinois,  and 
worked  in  the  coal  mines  for  two  years,  then  in  the 
[  vicinity  of  Peoria  he  labored  on  a  farm,  and  in  1872 
i  he  went  back  to  Germany  and  the  following  year  re- 
turned to  the  United  States  and  labored  at  Chico,  .Cali- 

•  fornia,  and  later  in  the  mines  in  that  state  until  Sep- 
[  tember,     1879,    ne     came     to    Latah     county.       He 

searched  the  country  and  finally  took  as  a  pre-emption 
his  present  place  and  added  one  half  section  by  pur- 
I  chase,  of  which  he  has  recently  sold  one  hundred  and 
I  sixty  acres.  He  improved  his  farm  in  a  becoming 
manner,  follows  the  diversified  plan  of  cropping,  has 
erected  an  elegant  residence  and  commodious  barns, 
with  all  the  accessories  needed  on  a  first  class  estate. 
He  is  sowing  grasses  at  the  present  time  and  is  in- 
tending to  raise  much  stock.  The  town  of  Viola  was 
located  on  Mr.  Miller's  land,  the  name  being  first, 

•  "Four  Mile." 

While  in  Germany  in  1872,  Mr.  Miller  met  Miss 

i  Loeffler,  who  came  to  America  with  her  brother  "at 
the  time  Mr.  Miller  went  to  California,  and  the  ac- 
quaintance ripened  into  a  courtship  which  on  September 

:.  29,  1873,  resulted  in  the  happy  marriage  of  Mr.  Miller 
and  Miss  Katherine  Loeffler,  in  Sacramento,  California. 

!  The  parents  of  Mrs.  Miller,  Emmanuel  and  Chris- 
tiana, are  farmers  in  Germany.  The  following  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller:  Fred  C.,  who 
has  attended  the  university  at  Moscow ;  John  H. :  Clara 
P.,  attending  the  university  at  the  present  time;  Louise 
K.,  at  home;  Balee,  died  in  infancy.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Miller  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  he 

i  has  served  for  a  number  of  years  on  the  school  board. 
There  is  no  more  thrifty  and  enterprising  farmer  in 
the  county  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  as  his  ex- 
cellently kept  farm  shows,  and  he  is  a  man  of  honor 
and  dignity  and  is  the  recipient  of  the  esteem  and  con- 
fidence of  his  fellows. 


CHRISTIAN  WAHL,  deceased.  It  is  very  fitting 
;  that  a  memorial  of  the  esteemed  gentleman  and  faith- 
ful citizen  whose  name  appears  above  should  be 
granted  place  in  the  history  of  Latah  county,  since  he 
was  one  of  the  sturdy  men  who  wrought  here  for  the 
development  of  nature's  resources  and  assisted  ma- 
terially in  building  up  the  county,  being  also  wise  and 
enterprising  in  his  own  business  ventures. 

Christian  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  on  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1831,  being  brought  while  very  young  to 
America  by  his  parents,  who  settled  in  New  York, 


where  our  subject  received  a  fine  education,  which 
was  very  useful  in  after  years.  At  the  age  of  his  ma- 
jority he  started  for  himself  and  in  1860  he  came  to 


school  in  the  Golden  state.  Following  that  labor,  he 
and  his  brother  engaged  in  hop  raising  for  five  years, 
then  he  farmed  for  two  years,  after  which  he  moved 
to  Petaluma  and  did  surveying  for  a  number  of  years. 
Thus  did  his  early  education,  which  was  thorough, 
stand  him  well  in  hand.  In  1872  he  came  to  Lane 
county,  Oregon,  farmed  there  for  three  years,  then 
moved  to  Harrisburg,  remaining  two  years,  then  came 
to  eastern  Oregon,  spending  one  year.  Later  \ve  find 
him  on  McKenzie  river,  Oregon,  farming  and  making 
shingles,  after  which  he  was  in  Whitman  county, 
Washington,  and  in  1880  he  came  to  Genesee.  He 
took  a  timber  claim  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres, 
seven  miles  east  from  Genesee,  and  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  farming  and  raising  stock.  He  wrought  faith- 
fully until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  irt 
1887,  and  his  remains  lie  buried  in  the  Genesee  cem- 
etery. 

Air.  Wahl  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  John 
and  Caroline  (Jagar)  Churchman,  natives,  respective- 
ly, of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York.  Eleven  children, 
as  follows,  were  born  to  this  union :  Ada  C.,  wife  of 
A.  Maxwell,  living  near  Johnson,  Washington;  John 
C.,  deceased;  Sherman  L.,  living  in  west  Latah  coun- 
ty and  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W. ;  Phillip  G.,  living  in 
Ferdinand,  Idaho  county ;  William  H.,  living  in  Latah 
county;  Saloma  A.,  deceased;  Diantha  F.,  living  at 
home';  George  A. ;  Edward  E.  and  Edna  M.,  twins ; 
Mathias  W.,  the  last  three  going  to  school  at  the  uni- 
versity. The  family  are  adherents  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  are  faithful  supporters  of  the  faith. 


CYRUS  L.  KINMAN.  William  Kinman  was 
born  in  Fort  Knox,  on  May  6,  1812.  His  father,  Levi 
Kinman.  was  born  in  North  Carolina  and  his  mother 
was  a  native  of  Indiana,  born  in  1794.  William  was 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  was  a  captain  in  the  Mexican 
•.var  and  served  in  the  Civil  war  as  lieutenant  colonel 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  on  September  20,  1863, 
being  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  William 
Kinman  married  Miss  Ann  Shinn,  who  was  born  near 
Camden,  New  Jersey,  on  October  26,  1812.  Her  fa- 
ther was  a  Methodist  preacher  and  her  mother's  name 
was  Lipencott.  To  this  marriage  of  William  and  Ann 
born  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  on  August  31, 
1839,  in  Pike' county,  Illinois,  and  Rose,  deceased; 
Milton,  deceased:  Sue,  living  in  Morgan  county,  Illi- 
nois :  Clarissa,  in  Canada  ;  Warren,  deceased  ;  Newton, 
deceased;  Jennie,  in  Morgan  county,  Illinois:  Rachel, 
deceased  ;  William,  deceased  ;  Edwin,  in  Illinois.  The 
parents  removed  to  Jacksonville,  Morgan  county, 
when  Cyrus  L.  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  they 
farmed  'there  until  the  father 'went  into  the  war  in 
1862.  In  April,  1861,  our  subject  enlisted  in  Company 
B.,  Tenth  Illinois  Infantry,  serving  four  months,  until 
his  discharge,  and  then  'he  re-enlisted  as  captain  of 


674 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Fifteenth  Illinois  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  in  1862.  He  was  in  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  under  Rosecrans,  and  fought  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Chickamauga,  where  his  father  was  killed.  In 
October,  1863,  he  was  discharged  and  went  home  to 
settle  up  his  father's  estate.  Later  he  removed .  to 
Johnson  county,  Missouri,  and  there  farmed  and  raised 
stock.  Nine  years  later  he  sold  out  and  went  to 
Sonoma  county,  California,  thence  to  Oregon  and  in 
1876  he  landed  in  Latah  county.  He  settled  six  miles 
east  from  Palouse  and  lived  there  for  fourteen  years. 
Then  he  sold  out  and  bought  a  section  of  land  near 
his  present  home ;  hard  times  coming  on  he  lost  all  but 
one  hundred  and  seventy-five  acres.  It  was  in  1890 
that  he  removed  to  his  present  place,  seven  miles  east 
from  Princeton.  He  raises  hay  and  stock  and  has  a 
fine  home,  a  commodious  barn  and  is  one  of  the  pros- 
perous men  of  the  section. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Kinman  and  Miss  Jennie, 
daughter  of  William  R.  and  Elvira  (Carlock)  Smith, 
was  solemnized  on  August  14,  1862,  in  Morgan  coun- 
ty, Illinois,  and  they  are  the  parents  of  six  children, 
as  follows:  Nellie,' wife  of  O.  15.  Danborn,  in  Spo- 
kane ;  Fredrick,  in  Latah  county ;  Albert,  at  Crafton, 
Washington;  Maude,  wife  of  A.  E.  Daily,  in  Latah 
county  fGustave,  on  Puget  Sound;  Claude,  at  home. 
Mrs.  Kinman  was  born  in  Morgan  county,  Illinois.,  on 
July  22,  1844,  and  the  other  children  in  her  father's 
family  are :  Malinda,  Elvira,  James,  all  deceased,  and 
Henry.  Her  father  was  a  carpenter  and  farmer  and 
was  born  in  Indiana. 

Mr.  Kinman  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  at  Pa- 
louse,  and  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  Grange. 
In  1890  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  rep- 
resentative to  the  state  legislature  and  made  a  fine 
race,  being  beaten  only  by  eight  or  ten  votes.  He  is 
an  ardent  advocate  of  good  schools,  is  always  active  in 
the  cause  and  gives  his  time  for  the  service  of  the 
board.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  com- 
munity and  is  highly  esteemed  and  respected  by  all. 


FRED  W.  JONES.  It  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
are  permitted  to  grant  to  the  estimable  gentleman 
mentioned  above  a  representation  in  the  history  of 
Latah  county,  since  he  is  one  of  the  largest  property 
owners  of  the  county,  being  one  of  the  heaviest  grain 
raisers  in  this  section,  since  also  he  is  a  man  of  good 
business  ability,  which  has  been  demonstrated  in  the 
manipulation  of  resources  in  this  county,  since  also 
he  is  a  man  of  stanch  and  unswerving  integrity  and 
upright  character.  Mr.  Jones  lives  one-fourth  of  a 
mile  east  from  Genesee,  or  rather  in  the  eastern  out- 
skirts of  the  town,  having  a  good  farm,  with  an  extra 
fine  residence,  commodious  barns,  and  all  necessary 
outbuildings  and  improvements  incident  to  a  first  class 
establishment.  His  land  is  level  as  a  floor  and  pre- 
sents an  interesting  and  striking  view  when  waving 
in  bounteous  crops  of  grain,  of  which  an  annual  out- 
put will  reach  many  thousand  bushels.  He  devotes  a 
portion  of  the  estate  to  stock  in  addition  to  his  grain. 


The  entire  premises  of  Mr.  Jones  present  an  air  oi 
thrift,  care  and  attention  and  wise  handling.  He  is 
one  of  the  most  thorough  and  up-to-date  farmers  in 
the  country. 

The  birth  of  Mr.  Jones  occurred  in  Oregon  City 
Oregon,  on  January  28,  1862,  and  his  parents  were 
Charles  and  Margaret  (Bowman)  Jones.  The  father 


native  of  Pennsylvania  and  died  i 
buried   at    Silverton,    Marion 


,  being 

nty,  Oregon,  while 
the  mother  was  born  in  Illinois  and  still  lives  with  her 
son,  Fred  W.,  in  Genesee.  The  parents  removed  to 
Portland,  where  our  subject  received  a  good  educa- 
tion before  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age.  Then  the 
family  removed  to  Scott's  mill,  where  they  remained 
eight.years  and  then  our  subject  came  to  Genesee,  Ida- 
ho, where  he  purchased  the  land  before  mentioned 
and  turned  his  attention  to  farming  and  building  up 
the  county  and  its  interests.  In  political  matters  Mr. 
Jones  is  always  active  and  allied  with  the  side  of  right. 
On  November  7,  1888,  Mr.  Jones  married  Miss 
Ethzelda  M.  Gentry  and  they  have  one  child,  Bessie 
M.,  attending  school.  Mrs.  Jones'  parents,  John  and 
Mary  (Simmons)  Gentry,  were  natives  of  Indiana  and 
Iowa,  respectively.  The  mother  died  in  March,  1901, 
and  the  father  is  still  living  on  his  farm  close  to  Gen- 
esee. Mr.  Jones  affiliates  with  the  W.  of  W.  and  he 
and  his  wife'  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church, 
South.  Mrs.  Jones  is  the  Sunday  school  superin- 
tendent in  her  church  and  takes  a  prominent  part  in 
church  work,  as  does  Mr.  Jones,  who  teaches  in  the 
same  school  and  also  acts  as  steward  of  the  church. 
They  are  prominent  and  intelligent  people,  dominated 
with  wisdom  and  geniality  and  are  highly  esteemed 
and  beloved  by  all. 


CHARLES  F.  SMITH  is  one  of  the  leading  and 
progressive  farmers  of  this  section  of  Latah  county, 
his  estate  lying  seven  miles  east  from  Princeton,  and 
consisting  of  one  quarter  section,  which  is  mostly  de- 
voted tc  hay.  Mr.  Smith  has  also  a  dairy  and  owns 
his  own  separator.  He  is  prosperous  and  one  of  the 
prominent  men  of  the  community.  His  birth  occurred 
in  Mecklenburg,  Germany,  on  October  25,  1852,  be- 
ing the  son  of  John  and  Christina  (Otto)  Smith.  The 
father  was  a  drayman,  born  in  Germany  in  1822  and 
came  to  America  in  1856  and  is  now  living  in  Michi- 
gan. The  mother  was  born  in  Mecklenburg,  Germany, 
in  1827  and  died  in  1895.  The  children  of  this  worthy 
couple,  in  addition  to  our  subject,  are  named  as  fol- 
lows: Minnie,  wife  of  Gotlieb  Ewald,  living  in  Lud- 
ington,  Michigan ;  Sopha,  wife  of  Horace  G.  Nichols, 
living  in  Grand  Haven,  Michigan;  William,  living  in 
Grand  Haven,  Michigan,  also;  Harry,  died  in  1872; 
Edward  C,  proprietor  of  the  Palm  Garden  in  Grand 
Haven.  The  parents  came  to  America  in  1856.  landed 
in  New  York  and  then  at  once  removed  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Grand  river,  near  Grand  Haven,  Michigan. 
Work  was  obtained  at  the  sawmills  and  later  the  fa- 
ther started  a  dray  line.  Charles  F.  received  his  educa- 
tion there  and  assisted  his  father  until  the  years  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


675 


majority  had  arrived  and  then  he  went  to  logging. 
This  was  continued  until  1879,  when  he  became  fore- 
man of  the  mill  yard  for  the  Grand  Haven  Lumber 
Company.  It  was  1886  that  he  started  west,  coming 
1  by  train"  to  Colfax,  Washington,  where  he  landed  on 
September  25th  and  went  thence  by  team  to  Latah 
county.  He  took  a  preemption  at  the  mouth  of  Big 
Creek  and  for  five  years  we  find  him  toiling  here  and 
then  he  sold  out.  He  had  also,  kept  postoffice,  hotel, 
and  packed  supplies  to  the  miners.  In  1891  he  pur- 
chased the  farm  where  he  now  lives,  but  sold  it  later 
and  went  to  Palouse  and  took  up  draying.  In  1893 
he  sold  that  business  and  went  to  logging  but  after  a 
couple  of  years  or  so  he  saw  the  value  of  his  present 
place,  which  lies  seven  miles  east  from  Princeton,  and 
purchased  it  back  again  and  Mr.  Smith  says  that  if 
he  is  living  one  hundred  years  from  now  it  will  be  on 
this  place,  so  well  is  he  satisfied  with  the  country. 
The  farm  is  a  model  of  industrious  activity  and  thrift 
and  is  well  improved  in  every  way. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Smith  and  Miss  Annie  C, 
daughter  of  James  and  Susan  Welch,  was  celebrated 
in  Grand  Haven,  on  October  22,  1879,  and  they  are 
the  parents  of  four  children :  Forrest  S..  at  Moscow, 
attending  commercial  college;  Gracie  B..  died  April 
27,  1883;  Harry  S.  and  Elva  M.,  at  home.  Mrs. 
Smith's  father  was  born  in  England  on  January  i, 
1826,  and  came  to  America  in  1847,  settling  in  Cana- 
da, whence  he  removed  to  Michigan  in  1877.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Canada  on  April  3,  1833,  and 
Mrs.  Smith  was  born  May  25,  1852,  in  Ontario.  Can- 
ada, and  received  her  education  in  the  famous  schools 
of  that  province.  Her  brothers  and  sisters  are  named 
as  follows:  Naoma,  wife  of  Solomon  Fess,  living  in 
Lakeview,  Michigan ;  William,  in  Grand  Haven,  Mich- 
igan :  James,  at  Spring  Lake,  Michigan:  John,  at 
Grand  Haven,  Michigan :  Samuel,  at  Lakeview,  Mich- 
igan;  Joseph,  deceased:  Mary  F..  wife  of  Benjamin 
Brough.  at  Minica,  Michigan.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  fraternity  at  Palouse,  Lodge  No. 
49,  and  also  of  the  M.  W.  of  A.  He  has  served  en 
the  school  board  for  many  years  and  is  a  zealous  ad- 
vocate of  good  schools.  Mrs.  Smith  is  a  member  of 
the  Eastern  Star. 


ENGEL  C.  SW?ENSON.  Many  of  the  most  sub- 
stantal  and  thrifty  citizens  of  the  United  States  are 
the  people  that  come  to  our  borders  from  the  old  his- 
toric land  of  Norway,  whence  the  early  explorers  of 
this  country  sailed.  Thither  came  the  father  and 
mother,  Colbern  and  Mary  Swenson,  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  They  settled  in  Wisconsin,  then  removed 
to  Cottonwood  county,  Minnesota,  and  are  now  living 
in  Latah  county,  the  mother  aged  eighty  and  the  fa- 
ther seventy  years  of  age.  1864  was  the  date  they 
landed  on  American  soil.  It  was  during  their  resi- 
dence in  Cottonwood  county,  Minnesota,  that  the  im- 
mediate subject  of  this  article  was  born,  the  date  there- 
of being  March  15,  1868,  and  there  also  he  received 
his  education  in  the  country  schools.  At  the  age  of 


sixteen  years  he  came  west,  working  as  a  farm  hand  for 
six  years.  Then  he  purchased  the  land  where  he 
now  lives,  having  a  quarter  section  at  first  and  later 
selling  a  portion.  His  farm  lies  four  miles  east  and 
one-fourth  of  a  mile  north  from  Genesee,  and  he  is 
one  of  the  thrifty  and  progressive  farmers  of  the  sec- 
tion. In  political  matters  Mr.  Swenson  is  active,  and 
always  allied  on  the  side  of  good  men  and  sound  prin- 
ciples. He  has  served  as  road  supervisor  at  different 
times,  and  all  his  public  duties  are  performed  with  the 
same  thoroughness  and  dispatch  that  characterize  him 
in  his  private  efforts. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Swenson  and  Miss  Emma, 
daughter  of  Stiner  and  Annie  P.  Knudson,  was  sol- 
emnized in  1896,  and  they  have  two  children,— Altha 
E.  and  Cordelia  S.  Mrs.  Swenson's  parents  came 
from  their  native  land,  Norway,  to  this  country  in 
1867,  first  settling  in  Kansas,  then  migrating  to  Latah 
county  in  1878,  and  thence  to  Nez  Perces  county  in 
1897,  where  they  dwell  at  the  present  time.  Mr. 
Swenson  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  he  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church.  Mr.  Swen- 
son is  a  man  of  good  ability,  sound  principles,  and  has 
wrought  here  with  display  of  acumen  and  wisdom,  and 
is  entitled  to  the  esteem  of  his  fellows,  which  he  richly 
enjoys 


HOMER  W.  CANFIELD.  Six  miles  east  from 
Princeton  we  are  greeted  with  the  elegant  home  of 
Mr.  Canfield.  it  being  a  commodious  structure  of  nine 
rooms,  of  modern  architectural  design  and  tastily  set, 
while  about  it  are  the  well  kept  acres  of  his  estate, 
which  produces  abundance  of  tame  hay,  fruits  and 
grains.  Mr.  Canfield  devotes  much  attention  to 
handling  stock,  and  is  one  of  the  leaders  in  his  com- 

Trie  family  history  of  our  subject  is  as  follows: 
Marcus  R.  Canfield  was  born  in  Berkshire  county, 
Massachusetts,  on  August  23.  1824.  the  son  of  Gideon 
Canfield.  who  was  born  May  14,  1776.  M.  R.  Can- 
field  grew  up  and  enlisted  in  the  Civil  war.  Twenty- 
seventh  Massachusetts,  in  1861,  and  fought  bravely 
for  the  subjugation  of  rebellion.  Being  wounded,  he 
was  sent  to  the  hospital  and  later  became  hospital 
steward.  He  married  Miss  Margaret  A.,  daughter  of 
Hiram  Meacham.  she  being  born  in  Ashby  Falls,  Mass- 
achusetts, Berkshire  county,  on  October  7.  1834,  and  to 
them  were  born  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  on  De- 
cember 22.  1858,  in  the  home  county,  and  also  Ellen 
A.,  wife  of  Mark  Hartwell.  who  is  now  dead:  Ray- 
mond R..  in  New  Hampshire :  Clara  I.,  wife  of  Walter 
Dunbar,  at  Pittsfield.  Massachusetts.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  the  South  Berkshire 
Institute,  having  also  spent  some  time  as  clerk  in  a 
drug  store  at  Rockland.  In  1877  he  came  to  Bakers- 
field.  California,  and  worked  in  a  dairy  and  then  went 
at  the  business  for  himself,  and  one  year  later  sold  out 
and  came  to  Walla  Walla,  taking  up  the  same  busi- 
ness. One  year  there  and  then  he  became  a  real  cow- 
boy for  a  time,  enjoying  it  hugely.  Next  we  see  him 
assisting  in  the  construction  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  and  the 


676 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


N.  P.,  and  he  helped  to  raise  every  trestle  from  Sand 
Point  to  Ainsworth.  Next  he  was  on  the  Palouse, 
where  he  took  up  a  half  section  of  land  and  logged, 
but  becoming  tangled  in  a  joint  stock  mill,  he  lost 
twenty-five  hundred  dollars  and  then  took  his  present 
place.  He  is  doing  well  now,  for  energy  and  wis- 
dom are  bound  to  succeed. 

On  November  i,  1885,  at  Deep  Creek,  Nez  Perces 
county,  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Canfield  and 
Miss  Rhoda  L.  Peterson,  and  they  have  five  children, 
—Kate,  Oroha,  Cecil,  Ruby  and  Maude  Mr.  Lo- 
renzo Peterson  was  a  farmer,  born  in  New  Jersey. 
His  wife  died  when  Mrs.  Canfield  was  an  infant,  and 
she  was  raised  in  her  uncle's  family,  that  of  Frank 
Peterson,  now  living  in  Latah  county.  Mrs.  Can- 
field  was  born  in  Newport,  Cumberland  county,  New 
Jersey,  on  September  10,  1864,  and  her  brother  and 
sister  are:  Rosella,  wife  of  Frank  Cosier,  in  New 
Jersey;  George,  living  in  New  Jersey.  Mr.  Canfield 
is  a  zealous  advocate  of  good  schools  and  is  a  member 
of  the  board.  In  1896  he  was  a  nominee  for  county 
commissioner  on  the  Free  Silver  Republican  ticket, 
but  while  that  ticket  made  a  good  race  it  was  defeated. 


JAMES  R.  VASSAR.  This  veteran  of  many 
struggles  on  the  field  of  battle  in  the  Civil  war,  as  well 
as  in  die  battle  of  life,  is  now  one  of  the  respected  and 
influential  citizens  of  Latah  county,  living  on  a  farm 
two  miles  east  from  Princeton.  He  was  born  in  Gen- 
try county,  Missouri,  on  July  14,  1845,  being  the  son 
of  Joshua  and  Nancy  (Summers)  Vassar,  natives  of 
Cannon  county,  Tennessee,  and  dying,  respectively,  in 
1862  and  in  1857,  the  mother  being  in  Barry  county, 
Missouri,  at  the  time  of  her  demise.  The  parents 
removed  to  Newton  county,  Missouri,  when  our  sub- 
ject was  eight  years  of  age,  and  in  1856  they  went 
thence  to  Barry  county,  having  also  spent  some  time  in 
Franklin  county,  Arkansas.  In  July,  1864,  our  sub- 
ject joined  the  army,  Company  G,  Fifteenth  Missouri 
Cavalry,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war,  being  mus- 
tered out  on  July  30,  1865,  at  Springfield,  Missouri. 
Subsequent  to  this,  he  went  to  Neosha,  Newton  county, 
Missouri,  worked  on  a  farm  and  farmed  for  himself. 
In  1867  he  came  to  Barry  county  and  followed  agri- 
cultural pursuits,  and  in  1886  he  came  to  Spokane, 
and  then  to  Princeton,  where  he  landed  on  February 
14,  1886.  He  farmed  for  a  time  and  then  went  to 
Shoshone  county  and  took  government  land,  which  he 
sold  later  and  then  bought  on  Bear  creek,  and  since 
that  time  he  has  traveled  some,  lived  with  his  son, 
Thomas,  and  is  now  located  as  described  above. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Vassar  and  Miss  Ollie,  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  and  Susan  (Green)  Crumley,  was  sol- 
emnized on  New  Year's  day,  1869,  and  they  have 
become  the  parents  of  the  following  children :  Eliza- 
beth, deceased ;  Nancy,  deceased :  Thomas  J.,  living  in 
Latah  county  where  his  father  lives,  which  place  the 
father  presented  to  his  son.  Mrs.  Vassar  was  born 
in  Georgia  in  1840,  and  died  July  16,  1888.  The 
brothers  and  sisters  of  Mr.  Vassar  are  Mary  M.,  wife 


of  George  Hoatch,  in  Kansas;  Levi,  living  in  Latah, 
on  Crane  creek;  Thomas  L.,  living  in  Barry  county, 
Missouri.  Mr.  Vassar  was  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and  is  now  a  mem- 
ber of  the  G.  A.  R.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist church  and  in  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  vot- 
ing it  straight.  Mr.  Vassar  is  the  recipient  of  a  stip- 
end from  the  government, for  his  faithful  service  and 
he  is  a  man  of  uprightness  and  is  respected  by  all. 


JOHN  B.  HAON  is  a  son  of  the  bright  land  of 
France,  being  born  in  Lardeche  department  in  1831, 
where  he  passed  his  youthful  days,  and  where  also  his 
parents  were  born  and  died,  the  father  being  John  B. 
and  the  mother  Janne.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith 
and  died  in  1862.  In  1855  our  subject  migrated  to 
England  from  Paris,  and  thence  to  New  York,  landing 
on  September  18,  1856.  The  next  spring  he  was  in 
Chicago,  and  worked  there  at  brick  making.  Thence 
he  went  to  St.  Louis,  then  to  Leavenworth,  Kansas, 
and  one  and  one-half  years  later  we  find  him  in  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri.  In  1860  he  started  for  Pikes  Peak, 
driving  team,  and  mined  there  for  three  years.  From 
there  he  went  to  Montana,  mining  there  until  1867. 
After  that  he  mined  a  couple  of  years  on  Napah  creek, 
Idaho,  then  on  to  California  and  back  to  Montana. 
It  was  September,  1870,  that  he  came  to  Lewiston. 
He  worked  at  placer  mining  in  the  Moscow  mountains 
and  in  1871  came  to  Jerome  creek,  and  there  mined. 
He  says  that  while  on  this  creek  at  work  the  .Indian 
outbreak  of  1877  and  1878  occurred,  and  the  Indians 
came  by  and  talked  with  him,  and  the  Chinaman  and 
others  ran  to  the  timber,  but  he  remained  and  con- 
versed with  the  savages  and  was  unmolested.  In 
1878,  when  the  country  was  surveyed,  he  took 
his  present  place  one  and  one-half  miles  east  from 
Princeton.  "He  has  devoted  his  attention  to  mining, 
farming  and  stock  raising  since  that  time.  He  has  a 
quarter  section  of  good  land  and  raises  much  hay, 
which  he  sells  and  feeds  to  his  stock.  Mr.  Haon  is 
a  man  of  vigor  and  capabilities  that  tell  in  pioneer 
work,  and  he  is  deserving  of  much  credit  for  the  way  in 
which  he  has  labored  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  country. 


THOM  ANDERSON.  Although  Mr.  Anderson 
has  not  been  in  Latah  county  as  longf  as  some,  still  he 
ib  one  of  the  younger  men  who  add  life  and  energy 
to  its  development,  being  one  of  the  force  of  agri- 
culturists who  have  wrought  out  the  wealth  of  the 
county  and  are  at  the  present  time  pushing  it  on  to 
greater  commercial  prominence  in  the  west.  Mr.  An- 
derson was  born  in  Norway,  whence  come  so  many  of 
the  stanch  citizens  of  this  free  land.  His  parents  were 
Andy  and  Anna  Mary  (Thomson)  Peterson,  natives 
of  Norway  and  land  owners  there,  where  also  both 
passed  away  in  the  fall  of  1885.  The  date  of  the 
advent  of  Thorn  into  mortal  existence  was  September 
3,  1862,  and  the  first  sixteen  years  of  his  life  were  de- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


voted  to  assisting  his  father  on  the  farm  and  in  ac- 
quiring the  lore  of  school  books.  At  the  interesting 
age  mentioned  he  hired  out  as  a  sailor,  and  for  seven 
years  followed  the  sea,  then  in  1885  he  came  to  Ameri- 
ca, settling  in  Manistee,  Michigan,  where  two  years 
were  spent,  whence  he  came  then  to  Tacoma.  He 
drove  team  for  a  time,  then  went  to  Seattle  and  shipped 
on  board  the  steamboat  Union.  He  worked  on  this 
coast  plying  boat  until  1893,  then  went  home  to  Nor- 
way, spending  six  months  in  seeing  old  acquaintances 
and  living  over  again  the  joys  of  childhood.  Return- 
ing to  Seattle,  he  went  to  Alaska,  and  for  two  years 
he  placer  mined  for  himself  in  the  vicinity  of  Circle, 
doing  well.  Then  he  went  to  Dawson  and  mined  with 
three  others  on  a  claim  that  they  purchased,  and  there 
they  also  did  well.  He  returned  to  Seattle  then  and 
sold  his  dust,  then  came  on  to  Spokane,  and  it  oc- 
curred to  him  that  the  best  way  .to  save  the  money  was 
to  purchase  a  farm,  and  accordingly  he  came  to  Gen- 
esee  and  bought  eighty  acres  where  he  lives  at  the 
present  time,  two  and  one-half  miles  northeast  from 
Genesee.  He  has  a  fine  farm,  all  finely  improved,  ele- 
gant residence,  large  barn  and  outbuildings  and  every- 
thing in  first  class  shape.  He  raises  wheat  and  oats 
and  is  prosperous  and  a  leading  figure  in  the  com- 
munity to  which  he  is  a  valuable  acquisition.  Es- 
pecially in  politics  is  Mr.  Anderson  interested  and  is 
always  laboring  for  measures  of  general  benefit  and 

On  March  31,  1900,  Mr.  Anderson  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Andrew  Asplen  and  Anna  (Peter- 
son) Anderson,  natives  of  Norway.  The  father  died 
in  that  land  in  1901,  but  the  mother  still  lives  there, 
aged  sixty-seven  years.  One  child  has  been  born 
to  our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife,— Theodore  E. 


HAMLIN  McCOY.  One  mile  northeast  from 
Princeton  is  the  fine  home  of  Mr.  McCoy.  It  con- 
sists of  a  good  farm  of  one-quarter  section  of  fertile 
land,  well  improved  with  good  buildings  and  product- 
ive of  various  crops,  as  grasses,  grains  and  fruits.  Mr. 
McCoy  also  handles  a  first  class  orchard.  He  was 
born  in  Guernsey  county,  Ohio,  May  7,  1852,  the  son 
of  Benjamin  and  Man-  A.  (Ballard)'  McCoy.  The  fa- 
ther was  a  farmer  and  a  native  of  Guernsey  county, 
Ohio,  born  in  1808,  and  he  died  in  1875.  His'  mother'1  s 
name  was  Sherrick.  The  wife  of  Benjamin  McCoy 
was  Miss  Ballard,  born  in  Guernsey  county,  Ohio,  in 
1812,  and  her  death  occurred  in  1867.  Our  subject  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  the  father's  death,  in 
1875,  and  just  previous  to  that  he  had  purchased  land 
with  his  father  and  brother,  James  H.  He  sold  this 
land  in  1875  and  removed  to  West  Virginia,  where  he 
purchased  land  and  remained  until  1888.  Then  he 
sold  and  removed  to  Latah  county,  getting  here  in  the 
spring  of  that  year.  The  following  summer  he  bought 
his  present  place  and  has  resided  there  since. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  McCoy  and  Miss  Phoebe, 
daughter  of  Andrew  and  Drusilla  (Forrest)  Boyd, 
was  solemnized  in  the  home  county  in  Ohio,  on  Sep- 


tember 9,  1875.  The  following  children  are  the  fruit 
of  this  union:  Mintie  B.,  deceased;  Emma  F.,  wife 
of  A.  H.  Miller,  living  near  Moscow ;  Venia  I.,  wife  of 
J.  D.  Miller,  in  Moscow.  Mrs.  McCoy  was  born  in 
Guernsey  county,  Ohio,  on  March  23,  1855,  and  she 
has  the  following  named  sisters  and  brothers :  George 
G.,  at  the  native  place ;  Mary,  wife  of  George  McPeak, 
in  Ohio;  Isaiah,  died  March  5.  1902;  Elizabeth,  de- 
ceased; Jane,  deceased;  Emma,  wife  of  Thomas 
Daugherty,  in  Ohio.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mr. 
McCoy  are  named  as  follows:  Samuel,  deceased; 
Cornight  C.,  deceased;  Benjamin  F.,  in  Cole  county, 
Missouri;  John  T.,  died  at  Chambersburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, during  the  war;  James  H.,  deceased;  Stephen, 
in  Ritzville,  Washington;  Phoebe  J.,  deceased;  Henry 
W.,  in  West  Virginia:  Mary  A.,  died  in  Missouri; 
Joshua,  deceased ;  and  William  R.,  deceased.  Mr.  Mc- 
Coy has  five  brothers  who  fought  in  the  Civil  war 
with  distinction.  One  of  them,  Henry,  being  a  mem- 
ber of  Company  B,  Fifteenth  Ohio,  received  a  wound, 
which  disability  caused  his  discharge.  Mr.  McCoy 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  Lodge  No.  46, 
in  Palouse.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  church.  Mr.  McCoy  has  always  been  zeal- 
ous for  good  schools,  serving  as  president  of  the  board 
in  West  Virginia,  and  also  on  the  board  much  in 
Latah  county^ 


HERBERT  L.  HAWKINS.  Buell  J.  Hawkins, 
a  farmer,  born  in  Ohio  in  1824,  whose  father  was 
Amos  Hawkins,  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Custard,  and  to 
them  were  born  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  in  Craw- 
ford county,  Pennsylvania,  on  July  9,  1853,  and  also 
the  following  children :  Charles,  deceased  :  and  Rufus, 
who  is  living  at  Aromas,  California.  Mr.  B.  J.  Haw- 
kins took  his  family  to  Crawford  county,  Kansas,  near 
Ft.  Scott,  in  1858,  where  he  took  up  land  and  farmed. 
He  joined  the  Home  Guards  during  the  war  and  did 
good  service,  but  in  1863  his  wife  died,  and  after  the 
war  he  married  a  second  time.  Our  subject  remained 
with  his  father  until  he  had  reached  the  age  of  four- 
teen, and  then  started  out  for  himself,  having  gained 
his  education  from  the  district  schools  previous  to  that 
age.  He  worked  for  wages  at  farming,  riding  the 
range  and  other  labors  until  he  reached  his  majority, 
then  went  to  farming  for  himself,  also  mined  for  coal. 
He  was  a  resident  of  Kansas  until  1879,  then  sold 
out  and  went  to  Redwater.  Michigan,  where  he 
worked  at  saw  milling  for  four  years.  The  next  move 
was  to  the  vicinity  of  Spokane,'  Washington,  in  1883, 
and  three  years  later  he  came  thence  to  Latah  county. 
He  preempted  land  on  Bear  creek  and  gave  his  atten- 
tion to  handling  it  until  the  present  time,  having  also 
a  hotel  at  Princeton,  now  in  connection  with  his  farm. 
His  home  is  now  at  Princeton,  and  he  has  also  the 
mail  route  from  Palouse  to  Princeton. 

On  March  7,  1876,  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
Hawkins  and  Miss  Mary  E.,  dan-liter  of  William  N. 
and  Arilda  (Green)  Green,  and  they  have  been  blessed 
by  the  advent  of  the  following  children:  Mirance, 
attended  school  two  years  at  Pullman,  and  now  living 


678 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  Moscow;  Charlie,  on  the  Nez  Perces  reservation; 
Elsie,  wife  of  Alexander  Black,  of  Princeton;  Ethel, 
Maude,  Stella  and  Herbert,  at  home.  .Mrs.  Hawkins 
was  born  in  Springfield,  Illinois,  on  January  15,  1857, 
and  her  father  was  a  farmer,  born  in  Ohio  in  1823. 
He  was  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican  war,  and  also  served 
three  and  one-half  years  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred 
and  Sixth  Illinois  Infantry,  during  the  Civil  war.  Her 
mother  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1835,  the  father  of  this 
lady  being  William  Green,  and  his  wife,  Mary 
(Hogge)  Green.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mrs. 
Hawkins  are  Lizzie,  deceased;  John,  deceased;  Abra- 
ham, in  Texas;  Agnes,  deceased;  Mary,  deceased; 
William,  in  Texas :  Millie,  wife  of  Elijah  Saunders,  of 
Oklahoma. 

Mr.  Hawkins  is  a  member  of  the  American  Yeo- 
men, and  he  and  his  wife  adhere  to  the  Baptist  church, 
their  membership  being  at  the  Fine  Grove  church.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  the.  school  board  for  twelve 
consecutive  years  and  is  always  laboring  for  the  wel- 
fare of  both  school  and  state. 


NICHOLAS  OLSON.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  grant 
to  the  subject  of  this  sketch  a  representation  in  the 
history  of  his  county,  for  he  justly  deserves  it,  having 
labored  faithfully  here  for  many  years,  being  a  man 
of  ability  and  energy,  and  having  maintained  a  walk 
of  unswerving  integrity  and  uprightness.  Mr.  Olson 
is  one  of  the  real  builders  of  Latah  county,  and  is  one 
of  the  heavy  property  owners  in  it  today,  having  five 
hundred  acres  of  land  eight  miles  west  from  Kendrick, 
which  his  skill  and  energy  have  made  one  of  the  choic- 
est farms  of  the  section,  and  an  abundant  producer  of 
valuable  crops.  His  farm  is  improved  in  a  skillful 
manner  and  manifests  the  taste,  wisdom  and  thrift  of 
its  owner  at  every  turn. 

Reverting  to  the  personal  history  of  our  subject, 
we  note  that  he  was  born  in  the  land  of  Norway,  near 
Burgen,  on  April  12,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Ole  and 
Sarah  Olson.  Norway  has  furnished  some  of  the 
most  sturdy  and  patriotic  citizens  within  the  border  of 
our  free  land,  and  much  is  due  the  arduous  efforts  of 
this  worthy  class  of  people  for  the  development  and 
upbuilding  of  the  country.  For  twenty  years  Nich- 

cation  and  laboring  for  his  parents  on  the  home  farm. 
Then  he  bade  farewell  to  the  home  land,  friends  and 
relatives  and  embarked  for  America.  He  labored  in 
the  lumber  woods  of  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin  until 
1879,  when  he  came  to  Latah  county,  or  the  territory 
embraced  in  this  county,  it  being  then  Nez  Perces 
county,  and  after  due  search  he  selected  a  homestead, 
which  forms  a  part  of  his  mammoth  estate.  He  went 
to  work  with  a  will  and  little  by  little  he  added  land 
until  the  property  now  is  as  stated  above,  one  of  the 
finest  estates  of  the  county.  Mr.  Olson  has  an  or- 
chard of  thirty  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  fruit 
growers  of  the  county. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Olson  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.,  being  popular  there  as  in  his  other  walks  of 


life.  It  has  never  been  a  part  of  Mr.  Olson's  conquests 
to  yet  sail  the  matrimonial  seas,  having  always  pre- 
ferred the  quieter  and  more  peaceful  joys  of  the  celi- 


ANDREW  LYND.  One  of  the  capable  and  pros- 
perous farmers  of  Latah  county  is  named  at  the  head 
of  this  article,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  en- 
abled to  incorporate  an  epitome  of  his  career  in  thi!> 
volume,  since  he  has  labored  long  for  the  upbuilding 
of  the  country  and  has  conducted  himself  in  a  com- 
mendable manner.  Mr.  Lynd  was  born  in  Lawrence 
county,  Ohio,  on  September  21,  1848,  being  the  son 
of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Tipton)  Lynd,  the  father  a 
native  of  Ohio,  born  in  1816,  and  the  mother  born  in 
Virginia  in  1820.  Mr.  Tipton  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1807  and  died  in  Latah  county.  The 
parents  of  our  subject  'removed  to  Illinois  when  he  was 
a  lad  of  five,  and  thence  they  went  to  Ringgold  coun- 
ty, Iowa,  took  land  and  farmed  for  three  years  and 
then  removed  to  Andrew  county,  Missouri.  Three 
years  were  spent  there,  and  then  they  went  to  Wash- 
ington county,  Kansas,  and  in  1858  took  a  homestead. 
Our  subject  attended  school  there  and  worked  with 
his  parents,  also  doing  freighting  on  the  plains.  The 
family  home  remained  in  that  place  in  Kansas  until 
1883,  when  the  father  sold  out  and  migrated  over- 
land to  Latah  county.  He  took  up  the  farm  where 
Andrew  now  lives,  ten  miles  east  from  Palouse.  The 
next  year  our  subject  came  to  Latah  county  and  pur- 
chased a  piece  of  land  near  Palouse  and  farmed  it  for 
eleven  years.  When  the  father  died  the  old  home- 
stead was  sold,  and  seven  years  since  the  subject  of  this 
article  purchased  it.  It  consists  of  one  hundred  and 

abundance   of   timothy   hay.       Also    Mr.    Lynd   owns 
another  quarter  section  of  good  land. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Lynd  and  Miss  Mary  M., 
daughter  of  Henry  and  Rebecca  (Harlan)  Gray,  was 
solemnized  on  November  16,  1873,  and  they  have  be- 
come the  parents  of  the  following  children :  Alice  E., 
deceased ;  Albert  J.,  deceased ;  Millie,  teaching  in  Latah 
county;  Francis  M..  deceased;  and  the  rest  are  all  at 
home,— Elsie,  Seth  J.,  Harvey  H.,  Reuben  E.,  Homer 
J.,  Alary  B.  Mrs.  Lynd  was  born  in  Putnam  county, 
Indiana,  on  October  i,  1856,  and  she  had  one  brother, 
Andrew,  now  deceased.  Her  father  was  born  in  Put- 
nam county,  Indiana,  on  June  9,  1831,  and  her  mother 
was  also  born  in  Indiana,  her  birthday  being  Janu- 
ary n,  1832.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mr.  Lynd 
are  as  follows:  Jane,  deceased;  Mary  A.  wife  of 
William  Bastow ;  Amanda,  wife  of  P.  Hanshaw,  of 
Salem;  Charles,  in  Ellis  county,  Kansas;  Rebecca, 
wife  of  Ralph  Traver,  in  Oregon ;  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
F.  H.  Brown,  in  Whitman  county;  Julia,  wife  of  Da- 
vid Cover,  in  Oregon  ;  Phoebe  ;  Celia,  deceased ;  Effie, 
wife  of  J.  T.  Hafer,  in  Latah  county;  Laura,  wife  of 
Theo.  Smith,  of  Oregon;  Samuel,  in  Walla  Walla; 
Massam,  in  Walla  Walla;  James,  in  Palouse.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Lynd  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Palouse,  and  for  that  institution  he  liberally  gave  two 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


679 


hundred  dollars  in  gold  for  the  first  building.  He 
•has  always  been  faithful  in  the  support  of  the  faith. 
Politically  Mr.  Lynd  is  always  active  and  is  also  a 
member  of  the  school  board.  He  believes  in  diversi- 
fied farming  and  each  year  he  clears  upward  of  three 
hundred  dollars  on  his  hogs  alone,  being  also  pros- 
perous in  other  lines  as  well. 


JAMES  W.  ROSS.  Ten  miles  east  from  the  town 
of  Palouse  lies  the  estate  of  the  gentleman  whose  name 
is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  the  family  home  having 
been  here  since  1883.  James  W.  was  born  in  Page 
county,  Iowa,  on  October  9,  1847,  the  son  of  James 
and  Rachel  (Jones)  Ross-  The  father  was  born  in 
Jackson  county,  Missouri,  and  his  father  was  a  native 
of  Kentucky.'  The  mother  died  in  Wilson  county, 
Kansas,  in  1858.  In  1857  the  parents  removed  to 
Missouri,  and  thence  to  Wilson  county  the  following 
year,  taking  up  land  where  Coyville  is  now  located. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm,  attended  school  and 
when  the  terrible  strife  that  rent  our  land  in  twain 
was  precipitated  he  joined  the  forces  of  the  Union  and 
fought  for  the  country  that  he  helped  to  save  from 
destruction.  1863  was  the  year,  and  James  was  but 
sixteen  years  of  age.  He  enlisted  in  Company  M, 
Ninth  Kansas  Cavalry.  He  was  ordered  to  Kansas 
City,  where  he  was  stationed  a  few  months,  and  then 
went  to  Lawrence,  and  he  was  there  taken  with  the 
smallpox,  and  this  prevented  him  from  going  south, 
but  was  out  and  able  to  chase  Price  the  last  time  he 
ventured  into  Missouri,  and  at  the  end  of  the  war 
was  honorably  discharged  at  Leaven  worth,  Kansas. 
He  then  went  to  Allen  county  and  shortly  afterward  to 
Wilson  county,  and  took  up  farming,  continuing  the 
same  there  until  1883,  at  which  time  he  sold  out  and 
started  overland  to  Latah  county,  landing  here  on  Sep- 

purchased  the   farm  above  mentioned  and  has   con- 
stantly remained  here  since. 

On  December  20,  1865,  occurred  the  marriage  of 
Mr.  Ross  and  Miss  Rosanna,  daughter  of  Abijah  and 
Nancy  (Oaster)  Hampton,  in  Allen  county,  Kansas, 
and  the  following  children  have  been  born  to  them: 
Nancy  E.,  deceased ;  Mary  L.,  wife  of  James  Lynd,  of 
Palouse;  Anna  N.,  wife  of  Joe  Davis,  in  Missouri; 
Albert  F.,  on  the  Nez  Perces  reservation;  Jordan  J., 
at  Wardner,  Idaho;  Charles  E.,  at  Chattaroy,  Wash- 
ington ;  Lottie  V.,  at  Milan,  Washington ;  Minnie,  de- 
ceased;  Daniel  E.,  at  home;  Gertie  M.  and  Bertie  J., 
twins,  also  at  home.  Mrs.  Ross  was  born  in  Noda- 
way  county,  Missouri,  on  November  13,  1847,  and  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Leonard,  de- 
ceased; Lucinda,  wife  of  E.  E.  Howard,  in  Iowa ; 
William,  deceased  :  Joseph,  in  Iowa.  Mr.  Ross  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  Nancy  J.,  deceased; 
Elizabeth,  deceased;  John  A.,  deceased;  Benjamin  F., 
in  Idaho;  Louisa,  deceased;  George  W.,  in  Latah 
county.  Fraternally  Mr.  Ross  is  affiliated  with  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  while  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  church.  He  served  on  the  school  board  for 


a  term  and  has  always  manifested  a  great  interest  i 
the  advancement  of  educational  facilities,  as  well  a 
the  general  welfare  of  the  county. 


JOHN  W.  PLEDGER.  This  enterprising  agri- 
culturist is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  Latah  county, 
capable,  upright  and  ever  displaying  wisdom  and 
vigor.  His  estate  lies  three  miles  northwest  from 
Princeton,  contains  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  is  well 
improved  and  presents  a  very  thrifty  appearance.  The 
buildings  of  all  kinds  are  tasty  and  commodious,  while 
the  land  produces  abundantly  of  the  cereals  and  tim- 
othy, and  Mr.  Pledger  also  devotes  much  attention  to 
feeding  hogs. 

Noticing  more  particularly  the  personal  history  of 
our  subject,  we  see  that  he  was  born  in  Bellville,  Can- 
ada West,  on  May  20,  1839.  being  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Rebecca  (Wessles)  Pledger.  The  father  was 
born  in  London.  England,  on  March  8,  1817,  and  the 
mother  was  born  in  the  Mohawk  valley,  New  York, 
her  parents  being  John  and  Elenor  Wessles.  In  1853 
the  family  removed  to  Dane  county,  Wisconsin,  where 
they  gave  attention  to  farmnig.  Our  subject  attended 
school  and  remained  with  his  parents  until  1861,  he 
being  then  twenty-two  years  of  age.  Then  he  re- 
sponded to  the  call  of  his  country  and  enlisted  in  the 
Third  Battery  of  Wisconsin  Light  Artillery.  He  was 
ordered  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  the  first  engage- 
ment was  at  Fort  Donelson.  After  this  he  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Stone  River,  Nashville,  Pitts- 
burg  Landing,  Tennessee,  and  Corinth,  besides  several 
others.  He  served  his  three  years  and  then  received 
an  honorable  discharge  at  St.  Louis  and  immediately  re- 
enlisted  in  the  Forty-seventh  Wisconsin,  serving  there 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  After  his  discharge  at 
Nashville  he  went  to  his  home  in  Wisconsin  and  one 
year  later  went  to  Kansas  on  the  government  survey  of 

bought  a  tract  of  land  near  Fredonia,  Kansas.  Later 
he  sold  out  and  went  to  South  Dakota,  and  there 
farmed  until  1887,  the  year  in  which  he  came  to  Latah 
county.  He  first  bought  land  on  Palouse  river,  and 
then  sold  and  purchased  his  present  farm,  which  has 
since  been  the  family  home. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Pledger  and  Miss  Rachel, 
daughter  of  James  and  Polly  Gardner,  born,  respect- 
ively, in  Maryland  on  January  24,  1804,  and  in  Ohio 
on  September  22,  1813,  was  solemnized  on  January 
12,  1875,  and  tney  have  become  the  parents  of  the  fol- 
lowing children:'  Martha,  deceased;  Wallace  and 
Walter,  twins,  at  home:  Gertrude  and  Grace,  twins, 
deceased ;  John  W.,  at  home.  Mrs.  Pledger's  brothers 
and  sisters  are  as  follows :  Honor,  in  Wilson  county, 
Kansas  ;  John,  also  in  Kansas  ;  Joshua,  deceased ;  Lo- 
renzo D.,  in  Kansas;  Elizabeth," deceased;  Nancy,  de- 
ceased ;  Mary,  in  Kansas ;  Samantha,  at  Moscow.  Ida- 
ho;  Lovisa  and  Louisa,  twins,  deceased;  David,  de- 
ceased :  James  B.,  deceased.  Mrs.  Pledger  was  born 
in  Moultrie  county,  Illinois,  on  October  10,  1844.  The 
brothers  and  siste'rs  of  Mr.  Pledger  are  named  below: 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


sought  homes,  and 
qualities  that  were 


Mary  A.,  deceased;  Ruth,  living  in  Minneapolis; 
Elenor,  at  Oregon,  Wisconsin;  Elizabeth,  deceased; 
Mahalah,  at  Bellville,  Wisconsin;  Sabra,  at  White 
Rock,  South  Dakota;  Joseph,  in  Wisconsin.  Mr. 
Pledger  is  an  Odd  Fellow,  holding  his  lodge  relations 
in  Fredonia,  Kansas.  He  and  his  wife  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  church  and  they  are  highly  respected 
people  and  valuable  members  of  society. 


FREDRIC  F.  BURDIC.  A  worthy  scion  of 
a  stanch  family  who  braved  the  storms  of  ocean  in 
the  little  Mayflower  to  settle  among  the  wilds  and  sav- 
ages of  the  new  world,  and  the  descendants  remain- 
ing in  Massachusetts  and  Vermont  until  this  day,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  has  also  had  a  part  in  the  opening 
of  this  vast  country  to  the  settlement  of  those  who 
and  he  has  manifested  the  same  worthy 
mendably  displayed  by  his 

ancestors.  Our  subject  was  born  in  Vermont,  Wind- 
ham  county,  on  February  19,  1835,  being  the  son  of 
Jerread  and  Leurancy  (Franklin)  Burdic,  also  natives 
of  the  Green  Mountain  state,  who  emigrated  to  Indiana 
in  1837,  in  Steuben  county,  of  which  state  they  both 
passed  away  in  the  spring  of  1882,  and  are  now  buried 
in  the  Jame'stown  cemetery.  Fredric  F.  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  in  the  interims  between  labors  on 
the  farm,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  went  to  Ne- 
braska, where  he  worked  on  a  farm  for  one  year  and 
then  returned  to  Indiana  and  took  up  study  in  the 
school  again,  realizing  that  he  needed  better  fortifica- 
tion for  the  battles  of  life.  After  completing  his  edu- 
cation he  went  to  work  on  a  rented  farm  and  five 
years  later  he  had  been  successful  enough  to  purchase 
the  same.  He  continued  there  until  1871,  then  went  to 
Nebraska,  purchased  a  farm  in  Washington  county 
and  to  farming  and  buying  and  shipping  cattle  he 
devoted  his  energies  until  1895,  when  he  desired  to 
search  the  west  further,  and  accordingly  he  sold  his 
entire  property  and  came  to  Latah  county  and  pur- 
thased  a  farm,  which  he  sold  two  years  later,  buying 
where  he  is  at  the  present  time,  two  miles  east  and 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  north  from  Genesee.  He  has 
a  good  estate,  fine  residence,  large  barns  and  con- 
venient outbuildings,  with  over  six  hundred  apple 
trees,  besides  pears,  plums,  prunes  and  all  other  kinds 
•of  fruits  that  flourish  here.  In  political  matters  Mr. 
Burdic  has  always  been  active,  being  allied  with  the 
Democratic  party.  He  has  served  as  county  assessor 
and  in  other  capacities  in  Indiana.  Once  he  received 
the  nomination  for  the  legislature,  there  being  two 
counties  in  the  district,  and  three  men  in  the  field,  and 
although  his  county  was  five  hundred  Republican  he 
carried  it  by  three  hundred  and  eighty-four  majority, 
but  the  other  county  changed  the  vote. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Burdic  and  Miss  Nancy  A., 
•daughter  of  Major  Benjamin  and  Catherine  (Jackson) 
Pratt,  was  solemnized  on  December  22,  1857,  and  they 
have  trod  a  happy  journey  together  for  nearly  one-half 
a  century.  Mrs.  "Burdic  was  born  on  March  29,  1840, 
her  father  being  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  her  mother 


of  Ohio.  Our  subject  and  his  wife  have  become  the 
parents  of  four  children,  as  follows :  Elvie  M.,-  wife 
of  John  C.  Nordby  and  living  in  Genesee ;  Eugene 
W.,  married  to  Cory  Rose,  and  being  a  stock  and  grain 
buyer  of  Nebraska,  having  headquarters  in  Washing- 
ton county ;  Ruric  L.,  married  to  Mae  Sampson,  living 
in  Ashland,  Oregon,  where  they  own  two  thousand, 
eight  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  and  a  fine  saw 
mill ;  Maud  L.,  teaching  school  in  Genesee.  Mr.  Bur- 
dic is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  in  religious  be- 
lief is  allied  with  the  Unitarians.  Mr.  Burdic  and  his 
estimable  wife,  who  has  been  especially  helpful  and 
gracious  in  all  the  walks  of  life,  are  valuable  additions 
to  the  society  of  Latah  county,  and  they  are  highly  es- 
teemed bv  all. 


JOHN  S.  SULLIVAN.  From  the  far  away,  fa- 
mous Emerald  Isle,  whence  comes  some  of  the  most 
enterprising  and  plucky  men  that  ever  stood  beneath 
the  stars  and  stripes,  hails  the  subject  of  this  article, 
and  his  career  here  has  fraught  with  numerous  inci- 
dents of  interest,  and  has  ever  manifested  that  genuine 
grit,  sagacity  and  energy  which  characterize  his  race, 
while  his  indivudual  exemplification  of  sterling  virtues 
has  placed  him  among  the  most  substantial  and  capable 
men  of  this  section,  where  he  has  labored  with  com- 
mendable zeal  in  the  affairs  of  business,  gaining  a 
proper  success  as  the  reward  of  his  wisely  bestowed 
labors. 

Mr.  Sullivan  was  born  in  county  Kerry,  Ireland, 
in  1847,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  Sullivan. 
He  spent  the  earlier  years  of  his  life  much  as  the  youth 
of  his  land  do,  laboring  faithfully  and  gaining  also 
a  good  common  school  education  ;  but  when  manhood's 
years  began  to  dawn.it  was  evident  from  the  extra  ways 
of  industry  and  wisdom  that  our  subject  manifested 
that  he  was  possessed  of  no  ordinary  abilty.  In  1880 
he  put  into  execution  a  long  desired  plan,  that  of 
coming  to  the  United  States.  He  located  in  Michigan, 
and  by  hard  labor  and  careful  attention  to  business, 
accumulated  a  good  start,  then  went  to  California, 
but  not  finding  conditions  there  as  he  desired,  mi- 
grated to  Latah  county  in  1884.  He  bought  eighty  • 
acres,  and  later  took  forty  as  a  timber  culture,  where 
he  now  lives,  eight  miles  west  from  Genesee.  He  put 
forth  the  accustomed  labor  and  skill  that  he  was  wont 
to  do  and  soon  the  place  became  a  fertile  farm  and  a 
good  home.  In  1892  he  bought  two  hundred  and 
twelve  acres  of  land,  and  raised  as  high  as  ten  thousand 
bushels  of  grain  in  one  year.  In  1893,  the  noted  year 
of  flood  and  water  fall,  he  was  destined  to  lose  the  en- 
tire crop  and  this  misfortune  paved  the  way  for  him 
to  lose  this  fine  land,  for  which  he  had  paid  as  high 
as  fifty-eight  dollars  per  acre.  Not  t«  be  daunted, 
however,  Mr.  Sullivan,  in  1896,  bought  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres,  paid  for  it,  and  in  1900  he  purchased 
four  hundred  and  fifteen  acres  more,  which  gives  him 
the  large  estate  of  five  hundred  and  seventy-five  acres 
of  land,  which  he  holds  in  company  with  his  boys, 
arid  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  in  his  own  right. 
This  mammoth  domain  produces  abundant  crops,  and 


JOHN  S.  SULLIVAN. 


GILLIS  J.  McBANE. 


BENEDICK  B.  REKDAHL. 


MRS.  BENEDICK  B.  REKDAHL. 


CASPER  JOHNSON. 


MARTIN  ANDERSON. 


COS  WIN  SIEVERT. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


gives 


lallv 


L  for  the  labor  be- 


wed. 


The  marriage  of  Mr.  Sullivan  and  Mary  Sullivan 
was  celebrated  in  1870,  and  they  have  been  blessed 
with  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living,  as  men- 
tioned in  another  portion  of  this  work.  Mr.  Sullivan 
and  his  family  are  deserving  of  great  credit  for  the 
faithful  and  persevering  manner  in  which  they  have 
labored  and  endured  the  hardships  of  starting  in  this 
western  country,  and  the  fine  stretch  of  fertile  land, 
well  tilled  and  productive,  is  the  reward  of  this  care- 
ful and  continuous  labor.  And  this  bespeaks  the  keen 
foresight  of  our  subject,  and  the  careful  planning  and 
skill  to  accomplish  the  desired  end,  which  demonstrates 
him  of  fine  abilty  and  equal  energy  and  executive 
force. 


GILLIS  J.  MtBANE.  To  this  esteemed  and  well 
known  business  man  of  the  city  of  Moscow,  we  are 
constrained  to  grant  a  representation  hi  the  history  of 
Latah  county,  since  he  has  wrought  here  with  energy 
and  skill  for  the  development  of  the  county  for  many 
years,  and  has  doubtless,  as  much  or  more  than  any- 
other  one  man,  assisted  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  city, 
having  been  a  practical  builder  and  painter,  while  also 
he  has  displayed  those  qualities  of  moral  worth  and 
stanch  characteristics  that  have  commended  him  to  the 
esteem  of  his  fellows. 

Gillis  J.  was  born  in  Logansport,  Cass  county,  In- 
diana, on  December  30,  1829,  being  the  first  child  born 
there,  and  the  son  of  Gillis  and  Elizabeth  McBane. 
The  father  was  a  farmer  and  the  first  representative 
from  his  county  to  the  state  legislature.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  received  his  education  in  the  schools  of 
Logansport,  and  then  learned  the  carpenter  trade,  and 
to  this  he  has  devoted  the  major  portion  of  his  life, 
becoming  an  expert  builder  and  skillful  artisan.  In 
addition  he  learned  the  art  of  painting  and  wrought 
at  that  in  connection  with  building.  At  the  time  of 
the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  war,  he  was  one  of  the  brave 
boys  who  shouldered  the  musket  and  fought  back  the 
hordes  of  rebellion  until  their  last  gun  was  silenced 
and  then  returned  to  the  quieter  walks  of  industrial  life. 
He  enlisted  in  1862  as  sergeant  in  Company  G,  Seventy- 
third  Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry,  which  was  a  part  of 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Stone  River,  Decatur,  Perryville,  Athens,  and 
many  skirmishes,  being  in  all  the  action  wherein  the 
regiment  participated.  On  December  30.  1862.  Mr. 
McBane  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Stone 
River  and  placed  in  Libby  prison.  He  was  there  for 
three  months,  and  when"  finally  released  was  nearly 


exposure  and  starva- 
tion. The  building  had  no  windows  and  the  men  were 
obliged  to  run  and  exercise  to  keep  from  freezing.  In 
1864  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  sergeant-major, 
and  after  the  war  returned  to  Logansport  and  worked 
at  his  trade.  In  1882  he  came  to  Walla  Walla,  where 
he  spent  one  winter,  coming  on  to  Moscow  in  the 
spring.  He  took  a  piece  of  land  on  Potlatch  creek 


and  sold  it  when  proved  up  on.  Then  he  transferred 
his  residence  to  Moscow,  and  here  he  has  remained 
since.  He  has  a  fine  home  of  eight  rooms,  situated 
so  that  it  overlooks  the  city  park,  and  there  he  is 
spending  the  golden  days  of  his  career,  having  retired 
from  the  activities  of  business,  and  enjoying  the  com- 
petence that  his  skill  and  industry  have  wrought  out 
of  him.  Mr.  McBane  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Lodge  No.  36;  of  the  Crescent  Encampment,  No.  12; 
of  the  Rebekah  Star,  No.  15  ;  and  also  of  the  Major 
Anderson  Post,  No.  5,  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Mr.  McBane 
has  always  enjoyed  the  quietude  and  retired  pleasures 
of  the  celibatarian  and  has  never  ventured  on  the  sea 
of  matrimony,  and  he  is  now  among  the  most  highly 
respected  and  esteemed  citizens  of  the  county,  being 
the  recipient  of  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  all. 


BENEDICK  B.  REKDAHL,  deceased.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  memorial  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the 
district  where  the  widow  resides  today,  four  miles  north 
from  Genesee,  and  he  was  a  true  pioneer  in  the  full 
sense  of  the  word,  and  he  was  a  potent  factor  in  de- 
velopment and  laboring  for  the  advancement  of  the 
country,  while  his  life  was  always  with  that  stability 
and  uprightness  which  characterizes  the  true  man.  His 
demise  was  sincerely  mourned  wherever  he  was  known. 

On  September  18,  1848,  in  the  far-away  land  of 
Norway,  our  subject  was  born,  his  ancestors  also  being 
natives  of  that  stirring  land.  He  remained  under  the 
parental  roof  until  1866,  being  then  eighteen  years  of 
age,  then  sought  the  new  world,  and  bravely  started 
out  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  industries  of  the  lumber 
woods  in  Michigan.  Later  we  find  him  in  Nebraska 
farming,  whence  he  went  to  South  Dakota,  and  in 
1877  he  migrated  to  Portland,  Oregon.  In  that  city 
he  worked  one  year  in  the  ship  yards,  then  came  to 
Idaho  and  homesteaded  the  place  where  his  family  re- 
sides today.  The  estate  is  one-half  section  of  rich  soil, 

and  spent  each  summer  working  in  Portland,  until  the 
date  of  his  marriage,  then  settled  on  the  farm  for  good, 
giving  his  entire  attention  to  the  improvement  and 
cultivation  of  the  farm.  He  was  successful  in  these 
pursuits  and  his  farm  became  one  of  the  host  handled 
in  the  entire  section. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Rekdahl  was  solemnized  in 
Portland  on  August  23,  1881.  Miss  Martha  Gunderson 
becoming  his  bride  at  that  time.  She  is  a  native  of 
Norway,  as  also  are  her  parents,  Goodwin  and  Johana 
Gunderson.  Four  children  were  born  to  this  happy 
union,  as  follows  •  Adolph  G..  who  died  on  November 
P..  1901,  aged  nineteen  years  ;  Belva  L  :  May  1!. ;  Agnes 
M..  who  died  on  June  28.  1901.  On  November  II, 
1886,  death  came  into  the  household  and  took  thence 
the  father  and  husband,  and  his  remains  are  buried  in 
the  Lutheran  cemetery  near  the  home  place.  The 
remains  of  his  children  have  since  then  been  interred 
beside  the  father.  The  death  of  Mr.  Rekdahl  was  a 
severe  blow,  but  the  widow  has  nobly  taken  up  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


burdens  of  life  and  the  added  responsibilities  and  has 
demonstrated  her  abilty  to  handle  them  in  a  commen- 
dable manner.  She  and  her  husband  were  members  to- 
gether of  the  Norwegian  Lutheran  church,  and  they 
always  manifested  a  true  devotion  to  their  faith.  The 
husband  was  here  during  all  the  Indian  troubles,  and 
was  also  one  of  the  first  to  break  sod  in  the  virgin  soil. 


CASPER  JOHNSON.  This  well  known  and  rep- 
resentative agriculturist  of  the  county  of  Latah  is  a 
man  of  fine  capabilities,  a  citizen  of  patriotism,  and 
withal  a  good  neighbor,  affable  and  genial,  and  indus- 
trious and  sagacious  in  the  prosecution  of  the  enter- 
prises that  come  to  his  hand.  Mr.  Johnson  was  born  in 
Inherit,  Norway,  on  October  31,  1840,  being  the  son 
of  Joe  and  Martha  (Roli)  Johnson,  natives  also  of 
Norway,  where  they  remained  until  the  time  of  their 
death,  the  father  passing  away  aged  fifty-five  and  the 
mother  living  to  be  eighty-seven.  Both  are  buried  in 
Hanning  cemetery.  Our  subject  received  a  good  edu- 
cation in  the  country  schools  and  at  the  age  of  eigh- 
teen years  started  out  for  himself.  1866  marks  the 
time  of  his  advent  into  this  countrv  and  settlement  was 
made  at  St.  Croix,  Wisconsin,  where  for  four  years 
he  labored  faithfully  in  the  saw  mills  of  the  country. 
Then  he  bought  a  farm  and  for  six  years  he  tilled  this 
one  hundred  and  twenty  acres.  Then  he  sold  his 
property  there  and  came  to  Latah  county,  Idaho,  or 
the  territory  that  is  now  embraced  in  this  county.  He 
selected  a  homestead  three  and  one-half  miles  north- 
east from  Genesee  and  settled  down  to  make  a  home 
and  a  fine  farm,  which  he  has  accomplished  in  a  very 

good  comfortable  buildings  and  a  nice  orchard  and  is 
reckoned  with  the  leading  men  of  the  community. 
Mr.  Johnson  raises  wheat  principally  and  is  very  suc- 
cessful in  its  culture.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  John- 
son always  evinces  the  interest  of  the  intelligent  citi- 
zen, has  allied  himself  with  the  Republican  party  and  is 
active  in  the  promotion  of  all  things  that  are  for  the 
welfare  of  the  county  and  its  inhabitants. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Johnson  and  Miss  Bertina, 
daughter  of  Tena  and  Engabore  Raiten,  natives  of 
Norway,  occurred  in  1872.  Mrs.  Johnson's  parents 
came  to  America  in  1871  and  located  in  St.  Croix 
county,  Wisconsin,  where  they  now  reside.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Johnson  there  have  been  born  the  following 
children :  Martin,  living  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Idaho ; 
Otto,  married  to  Manda  Peterson,  and  living  in  Idaho 
county,  Idaho ;  Charley,  living  with  his  father ;  Oscar, 
married  to  Ionia  Alexander  and  living  in  Latah  county. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  are  devout  members  of  the 
Norwegian  Lutheran  church  and  are  estimable  people 
and  stand  high  in  the  community. 


MARTIN  ANDERSON.  One  of  the  oldest  pi- 
oneers of  the  section  now  embraced  in  Latah  county 
is  named  at  the  head  of  this  article  and  it  is  fitting 
that  he  should  be  granted  representation  in  the  volume 


that  has  to  do  with  the  county 
g  and   faithfully,   being 


e  he  has  labored 
,  one   of   the  best 

known  men  of  the  county,  and  favored  with  an  envia- 
ble standing  wherever  he  is  know,  being  a  man  of 
excellent  ability  and  sound  principles,  while  he  has 
done  much  for  the  upbuilding  and  advancement  of  the 
country. 

Mr.  Anderson  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  Tune  13, 
1846,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  Anderson,  na-  . 
tives  also  of  the  same  countrv  and  farmers  there,  where 
they  remained  until  the  time  of  their  demise.  At  the 
early  age  of  fifteen  years  he  started  for  himself  in  the 
activities  and  cares  of  life,  going  first  to  sea,  where 
he  continued  for  three  or  more  years  when  in  1865 
he  landed  at  Boston,  remaining  a  short  time,  when 
he  embarked  in  the  coast  service  on  the  Atlantic  where 
six  years  were  spent,  half  of  which  time  was  on  a 
United  States  revenue  cutter.  In  1871,  Mr.  Anderson 
came  west  to  Portland,  spending  one'  winter  in  Oregon, 
then  migrated  to  Idaho,  taking  a  preemption  six  miles 
north  from  where  Moscow  is  now  standing.  One 
year  later,  he  sold  this  property,  and  took  a  homestead 
where  he  now  lives,  nine  miles  northwest  from  Gen- 
esee. Here  he  has  bestowed  his  labors  in  the  art  of 
agriculture  and  stock  raising  continuously  since  that 
time  being  crowned  with  abundant  success.  He  has 
an  estate  of  five  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land,  well 
improved  and  adorned  with  comfortable  and  substan- 
tial buildings  and  completely  stocked.  Mr.  Anderson 
also  owns  a  good  residence  in  the  city  of  Moscow. 

Mr.  Anderson  married  Miss  Eva  C.  Peterson,  a 
native  of  Sweden,  in  Moscow,  on  December  13,  1878, 
and  they  have  been  blessed  by  the  advent  of  seven  chil- 
dren, Laura,  Alfred,  Hattie,  Oscar,  Mary,  Clarence, 
and  Printiss,  all  of  whom  have  been  well  educated. 
Mrs.  Anderson's  parents,  Eric  and  Christina  Peter- 
son, were  natives  of  Sweden.  Mr.  Anderson  and  fam- 
ily are  identified  with  the  Methodist  church,  and  are 
devoted  supporters  of  their  faith,  while  he  is  consid- 
ered one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  county,  having 
manifested  intrinsic  moral  worth,  and  a  noble  charac- 
ter in  all  his  ways,  and  being  really  one  of  the  promi- 
nent builders  of  this  county,  having  labored  long  even 
before  the  county  was  organized. 

By  way  of  reminiscence  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  Mr.  Anderson  built  a  fort  on  his  farm  during 
the  Indian  war  of  1877  and  remained  there  all  the 
time.  Many  deserted  their  places  and  abandoned  all 
their  improvements. 


GOSWIN  SIEVERT.  Like  many  of  the  most 
thrifty  and  substantial  citizens  of  free  America,  the 
subject  of  this  article  was  born  in  Germany,  but  trans- 
ferred his  residence  to  the  new  world  and  here  he 
has  wrought  out  a  competence,  becoming  one  of  the 
prominent  and  prosperous  citizens  of  Latah  county, 
where  he  owns  a  half  section  of  rich  land  three  and 
one-half  miles  northwest  from  Genesee.  The  birth 
of  our  subject  occurred  on  November  28,  1838,  and 
his  parents  were  Frank  and  Mary  (Pieper)  Sievert, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


natives  also  of  Germany,  where  they  tilled  the  soil  until 
the  time  of  their  death.  When  a  small  boy,  Goswin 
started  to  learn  the  cabinet  maker's  trade,  and  he  be- 
came master  of  it  in  every  department,  manifesting  ex- 
cellent skill  and  industry.  He  wrought  at  this  until 
1873,  when  the  time  came  for  him  to  try  his  for- 
tune in  the  new  world,  and  hither  he  came,  landing 
in  Philadelphia,  where  he  took  up  his  trade  for  a 
short  time,  then  he  made  his  way  to  Chicago  and  there, 
wrought  for  one  and  one-half  years.  Later  he  worked 
in  Davenport,  Iowa,  at  the  same  business  for  six 
months,  then  he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  there 
six  months  were  spent  with  the  tools  of  his  craft. 
In  the  spring  of  1876,  he  came  to  Idaho  and  after 
investigating  the  merits  of  the  various  parts,  took 
a  homestead  and  preemption  where  he  now  resides, 
and  has  be,en  since  that  date.  For  over  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  has  wrought  with  display  of  the  substan- 
tial qualities  of  industry,  thrift,  wisdom,  and  energy, 
of  which  he  is  happily  possessed.  He  has  made  his 
estate  one  of  the  best  improved  in  the  county,  and  it 
annually  returns  abundant  crops  as  a  revenue.  Mr. 
Sievert  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  in  the  section  now 
embraced  in  this  county  and  he  is  deserving  the  title 
of  real  builder  of  the  county  and  pioneer  of  its  terri- 
tory. He  is  a  member  of  the  German  Lutheran  church 
and  a  stanch  supporter  of  the  faith.  In  political  mat- 
ters, Mr.  Sievert  is  active  and  takes  the  part  of  the 
intelligent  citizen,  always  allying  himself  with  the 
measures  that  are  for  advancement  and  the  benefit  of 
the  people.  He  holds  with  the  Republican  party  and 
while  he  labors  for  good  men  to  hold  office,  he  has 
constantly  refused  any  preferment  for  himself. 

Mr.  Sievert  has  two  sisters  and  one  brother,  all 
living  in  Germany.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Mr. 
Sievert  is  a  thorough  military  man  and  has  had  much 
experience  in  handling  arms  on  the  field  of  battle.  He 
was  in  the  Prussian  army  in  1864  against  Denmark, 
in  1866  against  Austria,  and  in  1870-1  against  France, 
and  in  all  this  arduous  and  faithful  service  he  escaped 
without  being  wounded. 


NILS  P.  PERSEN.  This  capable  and  enterpris- 
ing agriculturist  is  one  of  Latah  county's  leading  citi- 
zens, having  wrought  within  its  precincts  his  present 
wealth  and  prominent  position.  His  fine  large  farm 
of  one-half  section  is  located  about  four  miles  north- 
east from  Genesee,  and  it  is  one  of  the  best  improved 
and  kept  farms  in  the  entire  county,  being  embellished 
with  proper  and  comfortable  buildings,  and  all  con- 
veniences that  make  a  rural  home  both  comfortable  and 
valuable.  Mr.  Persen  was  born  on  June  24,  1855,  be- 
ing the  son  of  Per  and  Karstna  Persen.  natives  of 
Sweden,  our  subject  also  being  born  in  Skone,  that 
country.  The  parents  remained  in  the  native  country 
until  the  time  of  their  death,  the  father  passing  away 
at  the  age  of  ninety-two  and  the  mother  at  the  age  of 
seventy-six,  and  both  are  buried  at  the  Grefvie  ceme- 
tery. Ten  children  were  the  offspring  of  this  worthy 
couple.  Our  subject  received  his  education  at  the 


common  schools  in  Grefvie  Skone,  and  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  severed  the  home  ties  and  started  in  life  for 
himself.  He  soon  bade  good-bye  to  home,  loved  ones, 
friends,  and  native  land  and  embarked  for  America. 
He  first  went  to  California,  thence  to  Nez  Perces  coun- 
ty, now  Latah  county,  in  1879.  H£  selected  a  good  piece 
of  land  and  used  his  timber  culture  right  on  it  and  the 
adjoining  quarter  he  pre-empted  and  then  went  to  work 
to  make  a  home.  The  unbounded  success  that  has 
crowned  his  efforts  shows  the  exceeding  skill,  industry 
and  sagacity  that  have  been  bestowed.  Mr.  Persen  has 
a  fine  home  and  in  addition  to  raising  cereals,  fruit 
and  vegetables  he  also  handles  considerable  stock,  in 
which  line  he  has  made  his  usual  success. 

In  1885  Mr.  Persen  married  Miss  Johanna  A., 
daughter  of  Andrew  and  Mary  Ruberg.  She  was  born 
in  Sweden  and  came  to  this  country  when  she  was 
young,  the  marriage  occurring  in  Latah  county.  The 
following  children  have  been  born  to  them :  William 
C.,  Naeme  L.,  Walter  E.,  Esther  M.,  Adolph  N.,  Edla 
C.,  Clara  J.,  Joseph  E.  Mr.  Persen  and  his  estimable 
wife  are  members  of  the  Swedish  Lutheran  church 
and  are  devout  followers  of  the  faith.  Mr.  Persen  is 
one  of  our  contented  citizens,  being  well  satisfied  that 
he  is  in  one  of  the  best  of  countries,  and  he  determines 
to  make  this  his  home  until  the  time  of  permanent  de- 
parture. Mr.  Persen  recently  purchased  another  fine 
farm,  the  same  being  on  Burnt  ridge,  four  miles  south- 
east from  Troy,  and  this  place  is  to  be  the  family  home, 
and  he  is  fitting  it  up  in  excellent  shape. 


LOUIS  B.  McCOWN,  deceased.  This  faithful 
and  capable  gentleman  was  for  a  long  time  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  his  portion  of  Latah  county,  being 

ful  member  of  society,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  accord  to  him  this  memorial.  His  birth  occurred 
in  Henry  county,  Missouri,  on  March  2,  1840,  being  the 
son  of  William  and  Jerusha  (Kuntz)  McCown.  The 
father  was  a  farmer  and  a  native  of  Virginia.  The 
mother  died  in  H?nry  county,  Missouri,  in  1853.  In 
1859  the  father  died  "also.  The  other  children  of  the 
family  are :  Clark,  Lovel,  Mary  E.,  John,  Adron  and 
William.  Lovel  is  in  California.  Our  subject  re- 
mained at  home  until  the  death  of  the  father,  and  then 
went  to  St.  Louis,  living  with  his  uncle  Kuntz  for  two 
years,  when  he  returned  to  the  home  place  and  farmed 
until  1861,  in  which  year  he  joined  the  army,  enlisting 
in  the  first  six  months'  volunteers.  He  went  to  Man- 
hattan, Kansas,  and  in  1863  and  1864  he  handled  a 
government  wagon  to  Fort  Laramie.  After  the  close 
of  the  war  he  returned  to  the  home  place  in  Missouri 
and  farmed  until  1870,  in  the  spring  of  which  year  he 
went  to  the  Willamette  valley.  Oregon,  purchased  land 
and  farmed  for  twelve  year's.  Then  he  sold  and  re- 
moved to  Wasco  county,  thence  to  Walla  Walla  and 
then  came  over  into  Latah  county.  The  first  settle- 
ment here  was  made  at  the  Cove  and  one  year  or  so 
later  a  move  was  made  to  Deep  Creek,  and  in  1884  a 
residence  was  established  on  the  present  home  place, 


684 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


a  quarter  section  four  miles  northeast  from  Freese. 
He  took  it  as  a  homestead  and  there  devoted  his  labors 
until  the  day  of  his  death.  He  was  a  capable  man, 
a  good  neighbor,  and  beloved  and  esteemed  by  all. 
It  was  in  1897  that  he  was  taken  sick  with  neuralgia 
of  the  heart,  and  after  four  months  of  suffering  he  was 
called  to  lay  down  the  burdens  of  life  and  enter  the 
realities  of  another  world.  A  wife  and  the  follow- 
ing children  were  left  to  mourn  his  decease:  John 
H.,  in  Latah  county;  Dora  E.,  married  to  Mr.  Hop- 
kins, and  now  deceased;  James  A.,  in  Latah  county; 
Albert  E.,  at  home ;  Holly  O.,  at  home ;  Frank  L.,  at 
home ;  Louise  F.,  deceased. 

Mrs.  McCown  was  born  in  Simpson  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  July  i,  1844,  being  the  daughter  of  James 
and  Mary  (Hudson)  Caldwell.  The  father  was  a  farm- 
er, born  in  Virginia  in  1804,  and  the  mother  was  born  in 
North  Carolina  in  1803.  The  children  of  this  worthy 
couple,  in  addition  to  Mrs.  McCown,  are:  Henry, 
who  served  under  General  Price;  Susan;  Elizabeth; 
Nancy;  Melvina;  Lucinda;  Mary;  Sarah  L. ;  Jesse; 
and  William,  who  also  served  under  General  Price. 
Mrs.  Violet  J.  McCown  remained  with  her  parents 
until  the  date  of  her  marriage,  which  was  October  3, 
1867,  the  same  occurring  in  Missouri.  Since  the  death 
of  her  husband  Mrs.  McCown  has  taken  up  the  burdens 
of  life  in  a  commendable  manner,  and  still  presides 
over  the  family  home,  while  her  three  sons  handle  the 
estate. 


JOHN  REAM.  On  January  i,  1844,  in  Mifflin 
county,  Pennsylvania,  the  career  of  the  subject  of  this 
article  was  inaugurated.  His  immediate  ancestors  were 
Phillip  and  Christina  (Schrull)  Ream,  born,  respect- 
ively, in  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813,  and 
in  Little  York,  Pennsylvania,  in  1816.  Our  subject 
remained  at  home  until  1861,  and  then  responded  to 
the  call  of  patriotism,  enlisting  in  Company  B,  One 
Hundredth  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  and  was  at  once  sent 
to  South  Carolina.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of 
James  Island  and  then  was  placed  in  the  army  of  the 
Potomac, -and  there  engaged  in  the  battles  of  second 
Bull  Run  and  Chantilla  Court  House.  In  this  last 
engagement,  as  he  was  in  the  act  of  firing,  he  received 
a  minie  ball  in  his  left  eye.  The  missle  ranged  down- 
ward and  lodged  in  the  left  tonsil.  Three  weeks  later 
it  was  taken  out.  At  this  engagement  he  was  taken 
prisoner,  but  was  exchanged,  and  it  was  six  months 
tefore  he  was  able  to  be  sent  home  from  the  hospital. 
After  getting  reasonably  well  he  returned  to  the  front 
and  received  his  discharge.  His  brother,  David  R. 
Porter  Ream,  was  poisoned  by  drinking  water  from  a 
well  which  the  rebels  had  poisoned.  After  his  dis- 
charge our  subject  went  to  California  and  there,  in 
Butte  county,  he  mined  and  prospected,  and  also  in 
Oregon,  for  some  twenty  years,  then  returned  to  Penn- 
sylvania in  1884,  and  the  following  year  he  came  west 
again,  and  settled  on  his  present  place,  four  miles  east 
from  Freese.  He  has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of 
good  land,  and  it  is  well  improved.  Mr.  Ream  re- 
marks that  he  tried  to  raise  hogs  on  grass  and  pine 


cones,  but  the  scheme  did  not  work.  But  today  he 
is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  his  section  and  has  a 
good  showing  in  the  agricultural  line.  His  brothers 
and  sisters  are  named  as  follows :  Anna  M.,  widow  of 
Milton  Ray,  of  Newcastle,  Pennsylvania;  Sarah  C., 
wife  of  James  Elder,  in  Lawrence  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania; Christiana,  deceased-  Hanna,  deceased;  Jane,  , 
deceased;  Melissa,  in  Lawrence  county,  Pennsylvania, 
wife  of  William  Love ;  Phillip  M.,  in  California.  The  | 
brothers  and  sisters  of  Mrs.  Ream  are  Hamilton,  de- 
ceased; William,  deceased;  Catherine,  wife  of  John 
Bonner,  and  living  in  Ohio;  Matthew,  living  in  Pu- 
eblo, Colorado.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ream  one  child  has 
been  born,  Mary,  now  deceased.  Mr.  Ream  owns 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  fine  land,  has  it  im- 
proved in  an  excellent  manner  with  buildings,  orchards 
and  all  accessories  that  are  necessary.  He  is  promi- 
nent in  politics,  being  allied  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  while  he  and  his 
wife  affiliate  with  the  Methodist  church.  Among  the 
fine  homes  of  Latah  county  there  is  none  that  shows 
more  taste  and  skill  and  thrift  than  the  comfortable 
premises  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 


LLOYD  D.  COPELAND.  Among  the  noble 
band  of  men  who  left  all  and  fought  through  blood 
and  danger  to  save  our  union  we  should  mention  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  From  Minnesota,  where  he 
enlisted  in  1862,  in  Company  C,  Sixth  Minnesota  In- 
fantry, to  the  gulf  of  Mexico  he  fought  and  rendered 
excellent  service.  He  assisted  to  thrash  the  bloody 
Sioux  Indians,  who  were  murdering  settlers,  the  battles 
being  Birch  Cooley  and  Wood  lake.  After  this  he 
was  taken  to  Helena,  Arkansas,  and  there  fought 
Price.  Later  he  was  at  New  Orleans,  Mobile  bay, 
Fort  Blakeley,  at  which  place  there  were  thirteen  holes 
put  in  his  clothes  by  bullets,  and  then  on  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  honorably  discharged  at 
the  close  at  Montgomery,  Alabama,  three  thousand 
five  hundred  miles  from  home.  Returning  home,  he 
was  so  worn  out  by  terrible  hardships  and  exposure 
that  he  did  not  recruit  for  many  months.  At  the  - 
present  time  he  is  receiving  a  stipend  for  injury  to 
his  eyesight.  Mr.  Copeland  remained  at  home  until 
he  was  thirty-five,  purchasing  land  in  the  meantime. 
In  February,  1882.  Mr.  Copeland  married  Miss  Ida 
L.,  daughter  of  William  and  Elnor  (Finch)  Wickson, 
and  to  them  were  born  William  T.,  attending  school ; 
Royal,  at  home ;  Lula  F.,  attending  school  at  Moscow. 
Mrs.  Copeland  was  born  in  Minnesota  in  1859,  ar>d  ner 
father  was  a  carpenter.  Mr.  Copeland  remained  in 
Minnesota  until  1886,  and  then  came  to  Medical  Lake, 
Washington,  for  his  wife's  health,  but  after  a  few 
months  there  he  died  and  he  returned  to  Minnesota 
with  his  family.  Two  years  later  he  came  to  Latah 
county,  and  in  December,  1888,  he  took  land,  where 
he  now  lives,  and  has  remained  ever  since.  His  farm 
is  a  quarter  section  and  lies  ten  miles  east  from  Pa- 
louse.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mrs.  Copeland 
are  named  as  follows:  John,  a  soldier  in  the  Civil 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


685 


war;  William,  also  a  member  of  the  Fourth  Minne- 
sota; Martin;  Rose  M.,  wife  of  Hawley  White,  who 
was  a  soldier ;  Emma,  wife  of  George  Scribner,  an  old 
soldier;  Josephine,  wife  of  Nual  Woods,  an  old  sol- 
dier ;  and  one  more  sister,  married  to  David  Lowton. 
The  other  children  in  Mr.  Copeland's  father's  family 
are:  Parrion  L.,  deceased;  Loyal  A.,  in  Elk  River, 
Minnesota;  Elington  G.,  in  Brooklin  Centre,  Minne- 
sota; Agernon  T.,  in  Latah  county;  Ortigal  L.,  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Copeland  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  is  a  respected  and 
capable  citizen.  Referring  now  to  his  early  history 
we  note  that  Mr.  Copeland  was  born  on  December  10, 
1843,  in  Cattaraugus  county,  New  York,  to  Samuel 
T.  and  Lenora  (Morton)  Copeland.  The  father  was 
a  farmer,  born  in  Utica,  New  York,  in  1814,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  state  militia.  His  mother  was  also 
a  native  of  New  York,  being  born  near  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  and  her  father,  a  carpenter  and  joiner,  was  Ly- 
man  Morton.  The  family  came  to  Columbus,  Colum- 
bia county,  Wisconsin,  in  1854,  and  two  years  later 
went  to  Anoka  county,  Minnesota,  where  they  pre- 
empted a  place  and  later  removed  to  the  town  of 
Anoka,  where  our  subject  was  educated  and  worked 
until  the  time  of  his  enlistment. 


ANDREW  D.  WILLIAMS.  A  potent  factor  in 
the  development  of  the  county  of  Latah,  having  brought 
two  farms  out  of  the  wilds  of  nature  and  fitted  them 
for  productiveness,  while  he  still  manifests  energy  and 
skill  in  the  agricultural  art,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  entitled  to  representation  in  this  volume.  He  was 
born  in  an  emigrant  wagon  on  October  3,  1862,  in 
Illinois,  while  his  parents,  Zebadee  and  Sarah  M. 
(Warren)  Williams,  were  en  route  to  Missouri.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  born  in  1819,  and 
died  in  1891,  March  12.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Virginia  in  1840.  and  her  father  was  Andrew  W. 
Warren,  a  farmer.  In  1862  the  family  came  to  Wood- 
son  county,  Kansas,  where  they  took  land  and  farmed, 
our  subject  attending  school.  In  1877  the  father 
came  west  with  his  family,  landing  in  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington. They  wintered  there,  and  the  sadness  of 
standing  by  the  grave  of  the  mother  and  wife  was 
theirs  to  endure  that  first  year  in  the  west.  Eight 
children  were  left  motherless.  The  father  then  came 
to  Latah  county  and  selected  the  place  where  our  sub- 
ject now  lives,  and  there  lived  until  the  time  of  his 
death.  Andrew  D.  went  to  work  for  himself  at  sev- 
enteen, and  in  1884  he  took  a  pre-emption,  which  he 
sold  later;  then  in  1887  he  took  a  homestead,  which 
he  sold  in  1891,  and  in  1898  he  removed  to  his  present 
place,  the  old  family  homestead.  He  raises  wheat 
now,  but  is  fast  turning  toward  the  diversified  plan, 
which  is  becoming  more  popular  among  the  leading 
farmers. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Williams  and  Miss  Mabel, 
daughter  of  Frank  W.  Webster,  a  farmer  of  this 
county,  was  celebrated  on  January  31,  1886,  and  they 
have  become  the  parents  of  the  following  children: 


Fred  E.,  deceased ;  Iva  V.,  at  home ;  Roy  D.,  at  grand- 
father Webster's  home;  Bessie  O.,  deceased;  Frank 
N.  and  Leo  C.,  at  home.  Mrs.  Williams  was  born  in 
Washington  county,  Oregon,  on  March  8,  1871.  Her 
father  is  now  interested  in  the  mill  business  as  well  as 
farming,  and  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1850,  and 
his  parents  were  Milo  and  Adaline  Webster.  Mr. 
Williams'  brothers  and  sisters  are  named  as  follows: 
Harriett,  deceased;  William  Z.,  at  Waha,  Idaho; 
Martha  M.,  wife  of  James  Silvey,  of  Palouse;  Minerva 
E.,  wife  of  George  Layton,  of  Palouse;  George  A., 
at  Palouse;  Reuben  D.,  deceased;  Atha  T.,  wife  of 
Charles  Berry,  of  Melrose,  Idaho. 


GEORGE  W.  MICHAEL.  From  a  family  of 
stanch  patriots  comes  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and 
it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  rank  him 
among  the  prominent  and  influential  men  of  Latah 
county  where  he  has  labored  long  and  faithfully,  ever 
manifesting  those  rare  qualities  of  unswerving  integ- 
rity and  worth  that  commend  him  to  the  good  will  of 
all  upright  men.  George  W.  was  born  in  Wilson 
county,  Kansas,  on  April  4,  1868,  the  son  of  William 
H.  and  Cordilla  (Williams)  Michael,  born  respec- 
tively in  1835  and  in  1849,  in  Indiana.  The  father 
fought  the  battles  of  the  Union  for  three  years  and 
six  months,  and  his  brother  also  did  the  same.  The 
brothers,  John  and  William,  of  the  mother  were  also 
participants  in  retrieving  our  flag  from  insult  and 
preserving  the  Union  from  dismemberment,  while 
the  latter  one  gave  his  life  for  the  cause  of  his  country. 
The  father  of  our  subject  died  in  Kansas  in  1873  and 
in  1877  the  family,  the  mother  having  married  A.  A. 
Anderson,  came  across  the  plains  to  Latah  county. 
Our  subject  remained  at  home  attending  school  and 
assisting  on  the  farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of 
age  and  then  started  for  himself  in  the  struggle  of 
life.  He  worked  for  wages  and  in  1888  bought  a  farm, 
where  he  lived  until  1894,  when  he  sold  out  and  re- 
moved to  his  present  place,  a  farm  that  lies  seven 
miles  east  from  Palouse,  and  which  he  purchased  in 
1889.  This  farm  consisted  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres.  Mr.  Michael  sold  it  and  bought  back  eighty 
acres  which  is  the  home  place  now. 

On  July  26,  1891,  Mr.  Michael  married  Miss  Ollie 
B.  Thomas,  who  died  on  March  7,  1895,  leaving  one 
child,  Charles  L.,  now  living  with  his  grandparents 
in  the  Grande  Ronde  valley,  Oregon.  On  December 
7,  1898,  Mr.  Michael  married  a  second  time,  the  lady 
being  Jennie  Ullery,  and  to  this  union  there  have  been 
born  two  children,  S.  Angelo  and  Warren  E.  Mrs. 
Michael  is  the  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Ellen  (Poe) 
Ullery,  natives  respectively  of  Oregon  and  Kansas. 
The  father  was  born  in  1853  and  farmed  near  Viola, 
Latah  county,  where  he  died  June  2,  1902.  Mrs.  Mich- 
ael has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows :  Oliver,  attend- 
ing business  college  at  Spokane;  Clarence,  Nora,  de- 
ceased, and  Floyd,  at  home.  Mr.  Michael  was  one  of 
three  children,  the  other  two  being  Henry,  deceased, 
and  Etta,  wife  of  J.  L.  Dickenson,  of  Melrose,  Idaho. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO: 


Airs.  Michael  is  a  native  of  Latah  county,  being  born 
on  October  10,  1880.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Michael  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  church  and  he  is  superinten- 
dent of  the  Sunday-School.  Mr.  Michael  advocates 
the  betterment  of  educational  facilities  and  also  the 
taxes  sufficient  to  pay  for  them  and  he  is  an  active  and 
enterprising  citizen.  In  addition  to  the  farm  home, 
Mr.  Michael  has  a  good  residence  property  in  Viola. 


OLIVER  S.  PETERSON.  The  building  of  Latah 
county  has  required  much  diversified  talent  and  ener- 
getic effort  on  the  part  of  the  hardy  and  faithful  pion- 
eers who  came  here  when  it  was  raw  and  wild  wastes, 
and  who  have  continued  in  constant  and  arduous  la- 
bors since,  with  the  happy  result  that  this  is  now  one 
of  the  leading  counties  of  the  state,  and  ranks  well 
with  sister  political  divisions  in  the  west.  Promi- 
nent among  that  band  of  intrepid  builders,  stands  the 
well  known  and  capable  gentleman,  whose  name  in- 
itiates this  article. 

Mr.  Peterson  is  a  native  ot  the  land  whence  came 
the  discoverers  of  the  new  world  and  he  is  possessed 
of  a  goodly  share  of  the  daring  and  adventursome 
spirit  that  characterize  this  hardy  race  of  people,  coup- 
led with  which  he  had  a  fine  fund  of  practical  wisdom 
and  keen  foresight,  which,  dominated  with  excellent 
executive  force,  have  made  him  a  forceful  and  leading 
man  in  the  county.  He  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  Au- 
gust 13,  1845,  being  the  son  of  Swan  and  Cecilia 
Peterson.  He  remained  in  his  own  country,  gaining  a 
good  education,  until  he  was  twenty-three  and  then 
set  out  for  America  with  the  determination  of  making 
a  place  and  name  for  himself  in  the  wide  domain  of 
that  land.  -  He  spent  several  years  in  Utah  and  then 
travelled  up  and  down  the  Pacific  coast  at  different 
occupations  and  finally  in  1879,  came  to  Moscow,  lo- 
cating at  once,  as  he  saw  the  possibilities  of  the  coun- 
try. He  opened  a  butcher  shop,  it  being  the  first  in 
the  new  town,  and  to  the  careful  and  vigorous  prose- 
cution of  this  business,  Mr.  Peterson  devoted  his  ener- 
gies until  1890,  when  he  sold  out  the  entire  business. 
It  is  needless  to  say  he  had  success,  for  the  stirring 
qualities,  tireless  energy  and  wisdom  of  our  subject 
are  bound  to  bring  success,  and  that  too,  in  no  small 
measure.  He  had  been  busy  in  the  prosecution  of  his 
business  but  he  had  also  been  carefully  and  wisely  in- 
vesting and  now  he  is  one  of  the  wealthy  and  heavy 
property  owners  of  the  county.  He  has  several  busi- 
ness properties  in  Moscow,  which  are  good  dividend 
payers,  and  also  much  other  property  in  different  lo- 
calities, while  his  residence  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  city  of  Moscow,  is  one  of  fine  proportions  and 
value  and  is  one  of  the  many  elegant  homes  of  the 
thrifty  city,  having  spacious  grounds,  with  choice 
orcha'rd  and  tasty  ornamental  surroundings. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Peterson  and  Miss  Eugenia 
Montgomery  was  solemnized  in  Moscow,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1880,  and  they  have  three  children,  Milliard,  Oli- 
ver, and  Mamie,  all  at  home.  We  desire  to  mention 
also  that  Mr.  Peterson  owns  heavily  of  dwelling  prop- 


erty in  Moscow.  He  is  esteemed  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing men  of  the  county,  and  his  wisdom,  integrity,  ac- 
tivity, enterprise  and  skillful  management  of  business 
enterprises,  amply  justify  the  statement  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  grant  him  space  with  the  prominent 
pioneers  of  the  county. 


OLIVER  W.  KNOWLES.  The  prosperous  and 
intelligent  citizen,  whose  life's  review  it  is  our  pleas- 
ant task  to  chronicle,  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  being  born 
on  August  17,  1866,  the  son  of  Markis  E.  and  Ann 
(Hubble)  Knowles.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  born 
in  1826,  and  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Rebellion.  The 
mother  was  born  in  1836.  Our  subject  remained  at 
home  until  nineteen  years  of  age,  working  on  the  farm 
and  acquiring  a  good  education,  then  started  for  him- 
self. In  1877,  before  this,  however,  the  family  had 
removed  to  Wilson  county,  Kansas,  and  thence  in 
March,  1888,  our  subject  started  westward  with  Lat- 
ah county  as  the  objective  point.  In  due  time  the 
destination  was  reached  and  after  a  couple  of  years 
he  took  his  present  place  as  a  homestead.  It  was 
timber  land  and  Mr.  Knowles  has  done  much  hard 
labor  to  fit  it  for  crops.  In  addition  he  has  gained  an 
eighty  of  prairie  land  and  raises  oats  and  wheat  prin- 
cipally. 

On  December  7,  1898,  occurred  the  happy  event 
of  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Knowles  and  Miss  Minnie, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Almeda  (Williams)  Merica, 
born  respectively  in  Indiana  in  1842,  and  in  1856  in 
the  state  of  Missouri.  Mrs.  Knowles  was  born  in 
Latah  county,  on  May  7,  1882,  in  the  present  home 
neighborhood.  Her  brothers  and  sisters  are  named 
as  follows:  Edward,  in  Latah  county;  Essie  and 
Millie,  near  Princeton.  Mr.  Knowles  was  one  of  a 
family  of  twelve  children,  the  others  being  named 
thus :  Lafayette,  in  Michigan ;  Dana ;  Mary,  wife  of 
John  Smith  and  living  in  Chicago;  Eva;  John,  near 
Moscow  ;  Ira ;  Nettie ;  Nina ;  George ;  Frank  and 
Maude  at  Bozeman,  Montana.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Knowles  one  child  has  been  born,  Lucille.  Mr.  Knowles 
is  a  member  of  the  Farmers  Club  and  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  community  in  all  that  is  for  the  general 
welfare. 


JAMES  D.  BERRY.  In  Montgomery  county, 
Illinois,  on  September  15,  1826,  James  D.  Berry  was 
born,  his  parents  being  natives  of  Kentucky.  He  was 
a  soldier  in  the  Rebellion  and  acquitted  himself  in  a 
becoming  manner.  In  due  time  this  gentleman  mar- 
ried Miss  Elnor  Granthum,  who  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery county,  on  September  17,  1828,  and  her  father 
and  mother  were  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  one  grand- 
father was  a  native  of  England  and  one  grandmother 
a  native  of  the  Keystone  state.  To  this  marriage 
were  born  the  subject  of  this  sketch  on  June  20,  1856, 
in  Albany,  Gentry  county.  Missouri ;  William  H.,  on 
the  Nez  Perces  reservation;  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Oscar 
Craig  and  living  in  Bossburg,  Washington ;  Jacob  N., 
at  Palouse;  Thomas  H.,  on  Nez  Perces  reservation; 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


687 


George  R.,  a  preacher  in  the  Congregational  church 
in  Ohio  and  interested  in  Nome  mines;  Lowery  L., 
on  Nez  Perces  reservation.  At  the  age  of  twelve,  our 
subject  began  to  work  out  and  returned  his  wages  to 
his  parents.  In  the  winter  he  attended  school  and  he 
continued  with  his  parents  until  of  age  and  then  went 
to  farming  and  working  at  the  carpenter  trade,  which 
occupied  him  for  six  years.  Desiring  to  come  west, 
he  sold  his  property  and  migrated  to  Potter  county, 
near  Gettysburg,  South  Dakota.  He  took  a  farm  and 
tilled  it  four  years  to  a  day,  and  being  burned  out 
completely  with  prairie  fires,  he  sold  what  little  he 
had  left  and  journeyed  from  that  land  a  sadder  and 
poorer  and  wiser  man.  He  made  his  way  westward 
amid  much  misfortune  and  discouragement  and  in 
September,  1887,  he  landed  in  Latah  county.  Sick- 
ness had  to  be  battled  with  and  he  knew  what  it  was 
to  labor  against  the  tide.  In  1891  Mr.  Berry  bought 
forty  acres  of  land  which  he  tilled  until  1897,  when  he 
sold  it  and  purchased  his  present  place  of  eighty  acres, 
seven  miles  east  from  Palouse.  His  farm  is  well  im- 
proved and  handled  in  a  becoming  manner. 

Mr.  Berry  married  Miss  Cynthia  E.  White,  in 
Gentry  county,  Missouri,  in  1877,  and  to  them  were 
born  three  children,  Arleany  F.,  wife  of  Roscoe  Green 
and  living  in  Latah  county;  Cyrus  C.  and  Nash  N., 
both  at  Hatten,  Washington.  Mrs.  Berry  died  in  Da- 
kota in  1883.  The  second  marriage  of  Mr.  Berry  was 
celebrated  in  Dakota  in  1887,  Ida  B.  Wallace  becom- 
ing his  wife  then  and  one  child  blessed  the  union,  Anna 
E.,  at  home.  In  Latah  county,  on  September  24, 
1889,  Mr.  Berry  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  this 
good  woman.  On  June  7,  1891,  Mr.  Berry  contracted 
a  third  marriage,  Lauraney  E.  Williams,  daughter  of 
Manassa  and  Mary  E.  Camp,  being  the  lady  led  to 
the  sacred  altar  this  time.  Her  father  is  a  farmer  in 
Latah  county  and  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  on  July 
16,  1816,  while  the  mother  was  born  on  October  I, 
1821,  in  Tennessee.  Mrs.  Berry  was  born  near  Hills- 
borough,  Illinois,  on  August  22,  1848,  and  the  chil- 
dren in  the  family  are  named  as  follows :  Susana,  John 
W.,  Thomas  R.,  George  W.,  Jacob  R.,  James  W., 
William  A.,  Elva  M.,  Edward  R.,  Cilia  N.,  Mary  C., 
Monassa  J.  Mrs.  Berry  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  Mr.  Berry  is  a  stanch  worker  in  the  cause 
of  prohibition. 


ELI  M.  JOHNSON.  This  intelligent,  enterpris- 
ing and  industrious  farmer  and  stock  raiser  has  a  fine 
body  of  land  consisting  of  two  hundred  and  fifteen 
acres  five  miles  north  from  Genesee,  where  he  is  con- 
stantly demonstrating  his  ability  as  a  producer  of  the 
fruits  of  the  field  in  a  paying  manner  and  in  handling 
stock,  being  also  a  man  of  integrity  and  uprightness. 
Eli  M.  was  born  in  Blaking,  Sweden,  on  February 
24,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Johns  and  Bangta  (Ols) 
Johnson,  natives  of  Sweden,  where  also  they  remained 
until  the  time  of  their  death.  From  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  country,  he  received  his  educa- 
tion and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  immigrated  to  Ameri- 
ca. He  landed  in  Chicago,  May,  1868,  and  soon  en- 


gaged on  the  railroad  and  spent  three  years  in  that 
labor  and  in  1871  he  came  back  to  Chicago  and  took 
up  carpentering,  that  being  the  year  of  the  great  fire, 
and  one  year  later  he  installed  himself  as  a  retail  liquor 
dealer,  following  that  avocation  for  four  years.  Then 
he  came  west,  landing  in  Port  Townsend,  Washington, 
where  he  engaged  in  a  saw  mill.  Two  years  later, 
he  started  out  to  find  a  place  for  a  home  and  Latah 
county  was  his  final  choice,  where  he  located  a  quar- 
ter section  under  the  homestead  right,  the  same  land 
being  part  of  his  estate  at  the  present  time.  He  has 
his  land  all  under  cultivation,  house,  barn,  and  all 
outbuildings  necessary,  good  orchard,  and  a  nice 
bt'.nch  of  catt/e,  from"  which  he  sells  about  ten  head 
every  year.  He  produces  about  three  thousand  bush- 
els of  good  grain  each  year,  operates  about  eleven 
head  of  horses  for  the  farm  work  and  is  withal  a  pros- 
perous farmer,  intelligent  citizen,  an  upright  man, 
and  good  neighbor. 

In  1872  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Johnson 
and  Miss  Maria  Martins,  daughter  of  Martin  and 
Botella  (Carlson)  Swenson,  natives  of  Sweden.  They 
have  one  child,  Berna  S.,  now  the  wife  of  Dr.  William 
Noblet,  and  they  live  in  Honolulu,  where  they  expect 
to  make  their  permanent  home.  Mr.  Jonnson  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  of  W.  and  is  active  in  the  matters  of 
progress  and  advancement  of  the  interests  of  the  com- 


GUSTAV  DANIELSON.  Although  the  subject 
of  this  article  has  not  been  in  the  county  of  Latah  as 
long  as  some,  still  he  has  made  a  commendable  show- 
ing in  his  faithful  labors  and  marked  industry  which 
have  characterized  him  here,  while  in  his  personal 
qualities  of  worth  and  integrity,  he  is  none  the  less 
prominent.  Mr.  Danielson  was  born  in  Stavanger, 
Norway,  on  June  24,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Daniel 
Christensen  and  Elizabeth  (Oleson)  Danielson,  and 
the  other  children  of  the  family  are  Maline,  in  San 
Francisco;  Minnie,  in  Iowa;  Dorotha,  at  Emmerson, 
Nebraska;  Ingeborg,  in  Omaha,  Nebraska;  Christian 
and  Anna,  deceased.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith, 
born  on  February  21,  1836,  while  the  mother  was  also 
a  native  of  Norway,  born  August  20,  1837,  and  her 
father  was  a  farmer,  but  she  lived  when  young  with 
her  grandparents.  Our  subject  received  his  education 
and  remained  at  home  until  fourteen,  at  which  time 
he  began  a  seafaring  life  which  continued  without  in- 
terruption until  he  was  seventeen,  when  he  visited  his 
old  home.  Then  came  the  time  when  he  bade  farewell 
to  home,  friends,  and  country  for  good,  and  went 
again  to  sailing  the  high  seas.  He  visited  various 
points  in  the  world,  among  them  the  leading  ports 
on  the  western  continent,  then  came  to  Nebraska  in 
1882,  remaining  until  1886.  Again  the  desire  for 
the  sea  became  too  strong  to  subdue  and  he  returned 
to  his  first  love  for  three  and  one-half  years,  visiting 
this  time  the  western  ports,  among  which  were  Hono- 
lulu, San  Francisco  and  others.  He  then  returned  to 
Madison  county,  Nebraska,  and  farmed  for  one  year. 
Then  he  determined  to  try  the  west  and  accordingly 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


came  to  Palouse  and  in  1892  he  took  up  his  present 
place,  seven  miles  southeast  from  that  city.  On  April 
6,  1893,  he  settled  there  with  his  family  and  since  that 
time  has  made  it  the  family  home.  He  has  forty 
acres  of  fine  land,  well  improved  and  provided  with 
good  buildings,  and  the  annual  income  from  the  farm 
under  his  skillful  management  is  a  handsome  divi- 
dend. 

On  February  15,  1890,  Mr.  Danielson  married  Miss 
Amela,  daughter  of  Conrad  and  Gurine  (Rasmusen) 
Aamensen,  and  they  have  been  blessed  by  the  advent 
of  one  child,  Mary  E.,  attending  school.  Mr.  Aamen- 
•sen  was  a  blacksmith  on  Utsire  island,  Norway,  being 
born  there  on  February  15,  1842,  and  he  married  Miss 
Rasmusen,  whose  father  was  a  pilot  at  the  same  isl- 
and, and  the  wife  of  our  subject  was  born  on  that  isl- 
and, on  October  o,  1868,  and  came  to  America  in  May, 
1889.  The  other  children  in  her  father's  family  were: 
Martha,  living  in  Wardner,  Idaho;  Julia,  in  Wallace, 
Idaho ;  Karine  and  Regina,  in  Norway.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Danielson  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and 
he  is  active  in  politics  and  especially  zealous  for  good 
schools,  while  he  has  so  conducted  himself  that  he  en- 
joys the  confidence  and  respect  of  his  fellows. 


ANGUS  McKENZlE.  This  well  known  and  en- 
terprising citizen  of  our  county  has  wrought  for  the 
advancement  of  Latah  territory  since  before  the  or- 
ganization of  the  county,  and  has  the  distinction  of 
being  one  of  the  very  first  settlers  here,  having  done 
much  since  that  time  to  develop  the  country,  and 
conducting  himself  with  manifestation  of  sound  prin- 
ciples and  integrity  and  faithfulness.  We  have  to 
cross  the  wide  Atlantic  to  the  stanch  land  of  Scotia 
to  find  the  birth  place  of  our  subject,  Rosshire  being 
the  spot  and  the  date  being  March,  1855.  His  par- 
ents were  William  and  Isabella  McKenzie,  who 
brought  their  family  to  the  land  of  the  new  world, 
and  settled  in  Stark"  county,  Illinois.  There  they  la- 
bored until  1863,  when  they  undertook  the  trying'  and 
dangerous  trip  across  the  plains,  the  father  walking 
from  Omaha  to  the  Grande  Ronde  valley  in  Oregon, 
where  they  settled  until  1871,  when  they  came  to  this 
region  and  took  the  place  where  the  son  now  lives, 
two  miles  south  from  Moscow.  The  father  passed 
away  in  the  'eighties,  being  aged  seventy-five,  and 
the  mother  died  in  February,  1891,  aged  about  eighty 
years.  Our  subject  has  constantly  remained  on  the 
homestead,  and  has  it  developed  into  a  fine  estate  now. 
In  addition  to  the  farming,  Mr.  McKenzie  operates  a 
first-class  threshing  outfit,  having  done  business  for 
several  years  in  this  line  with  excellent  success  and 
satisfaction  to  his  patrons. 

Mr.  McKenzie  is  an  elder  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
and  is  a  worthy  supporter  of  the  faith  and  liberal  do- 
nator  to  the  church,  while  in  private  and  public  life 
he  has  demonstrated  the  virtues  of  that  which  he  pro- 
fesses. Mr.  McKenzie  is  one  of  the  substantial  citi- 
zens of  the  county,  has  done  a  large  amount  for  its 
welfare,  has  demonstrated  himself  a  capable  and  pro- 


gressive business  man,  and  has  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  all.  He  has  never  yet  taken  to  himself  a 
companion  for  the  journey  of  life,  preferring  the  celi- 
batarian enjoyment  to  further  responsibilities  of  the 
connubial  relation. 


JACOB  H.  MILLER.  The  enterprising  gentle- 
man, whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  is  one 
who  has  promoted  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
country  by  his  faithful  and  wise  labors  and  is  one  of 
the  substantial  men  of  the  community.  Jacob  H.  was 
born  in  Henry  county,  Iowa,  on  March  25,  1849,  be- 
ing the  son  of  Henry  and  Martha  (Allen)  Miller, 
natives  respectively  of  Pennsylvania  and  Tennessee. 
While  a  child,  his  parents  came  to  Monroe  county, 
Iowa,  and  there  he  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools.  When  he  had  reached  the  age  of  eighteen 
years,  he  left  the  parental  abode  and  launched  forth 
on  the  sea  of  life  for  himself.  He  bought  a  farm  of 
eighty  acres  and  for  five  years  he  produced  the  fruits 
of  the  field  there  and  then  sold  and  turned  his  energies 
to  railroad  grading  and  for  six  years  we  find  him 
contracting  in  this  line.  Afterward  he  turned  his  at- 
tention to  farming  again  and  thus  was  occupied  until 
he  came  to  Latah  county.  First,  however,  he  came 
west  to  Pullman,  Washington,  in  1881,  and  then  in 
1890,  he  came  to  this  county,  settling  where  we  find 
him  at  the  present  time,  about  seven  miles  north  from 
Genesee.  He  handles  about  two  hundred  acres  of  land, 
has  a  number  of  horses  and  is  one  of  the  skillful  agri- 
culturists of  the  section.  In  political  matters,  Mr. 
Miller  is  allied  with  the  Republican  fold  and  is  active 
in  local  affairs  and  is  ever  on  the  side  of  progress  and 
advancement.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  in 
this  capacity  he  is  popular  and  well  thought  of  and 
so  conducts  himself  that  he  has  the  regards  and  es- 
teem of  all  who  know  him. 


ANDREW  J.  SMITH  is  one  of  the  enterprising 
and  well  known  agriculturists  of  Latah  county,  whose 
estate  is  situated  one  mile  north  from  Freese  post- 
office,  and  consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of 
fertile  land  which  is  well  improved  and  provided  with 
modern  and  commodious  buildings  and  all  necessaries 
for  a  first-class  farm.  He  was  born  in  Rockingham 
county,  Virginia,  on  January  10,  1851,  his  parents, 
John  V.  and  Susanna  '(Thomas)  Smith,  being  natives 
of  the  same  county,  and  born  on  January  5,  '1827  and 
February  9,  1829,  respectively.  The  father  was  a 

assessor  for  a  number  of  terms.  The  mother  was  de- 
scended from  German  stock,  her  father,  Peter  Thomas, 
being  a  farmer.  The  family  came  to  Iowa  in  1855, 
settling  in  Dewitt,  Clinton  county,  where  the  father 
took  a  soldier's  right,  and  then  went  to  farming.  Our 
subject  worked  on  a  farm  and  attended  school  until 
he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age,  when  he  went  to 
Monona  county  and  took  up  farming  for  himself.  Two 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


689 


years  later  lie  returned  to  the  old  home  and  then  in 
1875  came  to  Oregon,  settling  in  Benton  county.  After 
one  year  of  general  work,  he  took  charge  of  a  farmers' 
warehouse,  and  at  the  end  of  1878,  came  to  Latah 
county  just  in  time  to  assist  in  the  construction  of  the 
fortifications  and  stand  guard. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Smith  and  Miss  Deborah 
C.  Thomas  was  solemnized  in  1879,  at  Walla  Walla, 
Washington,  and  she  died  on  June  3,  1888,  leaving  no 
.children.  Mr.  Smith  was  married  a  second  time, 
the  lady  becoming  his  bride  on  this  occasion,  being 
Gallic  E.  Johnson,  daughter  of  James  and  Elizabeth 
(Hubbard)  Johnson,  and  the  nuptials  occurred  on 
August  18,  1889.  Mr.  Johnson  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Civil  war  and  his  health  was  broken  through  the  ar- 
duousness  of  his  service.  He  was  also  a  native  of 
Arkansas.  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Missouri,  on  June  14,  1870.  Her  brothers  and  sisters 
are,  Albert,  in  Kansas,  and  Eva,  wife  of  B.  J.  Jones, 
county  assessor  of  Latah  county.  Mr.  Smith's  broth- 
ers and  sisters  are  named  as  follows :  Rebecca,  de- 
ceased; Amanda  B.,  Isaac,  Katherine,  Frank,  Will- 
iam, John,  Addison,  Virginia,  Cornelius,  Daniel,  Eliza- 
beth. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  has  been  born  one 
child,  Ruby  M.,  at  home.  In  1900  Mr.  Smith  was 
nominated  for  county  commissioner  but  did  not  make 
a  canvass.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  church,  while  in  educational  matters  he 
is  always  zealous  for  good  schools  and  strives  for  the 


FRANK  W.  WEBSTER.  This  capable  gentle- 
man is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  our  county,  being 
favored  with  an  executive  ability  that  has  enabled 
him  to  manage  the  resources  placed  in  his  hands  in 
such  a  masterful  manner  that  he  is  blessed  with  abun- 
dant success  at  this  time,  having  a  farm  of  two  hun- 
dred acres,  eight  miles  northeast  from  Palouse,  Wash- 
ington, where  the  family  home  is  now  and  which  is 
lone  of  the  excellent  estates  of  this  section  of  the 
teounty.  Mr.  Webster  is  a  native  of  Canton,  Bradford 
county,  Pennsylvania,  being  born  on  June  21,  1850, 
the  son  of  Milo  and  Adeline  (Bartlett),  natives  re- 
spectively of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  In  1862 
the  parents  removed  to  Nicollet  county,  Minnesota, 
taking  up  land  and  devoting  themselves  to  farming. 
Our  subject  attended  school  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  he  had  attained  the  age  of  twenty,  when 
he  stepped  out  from  under  the  parental  roof  and  faced 
the  battles  of  life  for  himself.  It  was  in  1870  that  he 
decided  to  go  west  and  soon  we  see  him  in  Portland, 
Oregon.  One  year  was  spent  there  in  general  labor 
and  then  he  took  up  land  for  himself.  Six  years  were 
spent  in  tilling  this,  then  he  sold  out  and  migrated  to 
Latah  county,  settling  on  a  preemption  in  1877,  which 
was  his  home  for  eleven  years.  Selling  this  Mr.  Web- 
ster embarked  in  the  saw  mill  business.  For  twelve 
years  he  continued  at  the  lumbering  industry  and  then 
bought  his  present  farm,  described  above,  and  turned 
his  attention  to  farming.  He  still  retains  an  interest 
in  the  mill,  however. 


The  marriage  of   Mr.  Webster  and   Miss  Lizzie 
S.,  daughter  of  Samuel  H.  and  Dersey  (Bean)  Foster, 


—   _~  January   n,   1870,  and  one  child 

has  been  born  to  them,  Mabel,  wife  of  Douglass  Will- 
iams and  living  in  Latah  county.  Mrs.  Webster  was 
born  in  Maine,  the  native  state  of  her  parents,  in  July, 
1850.  The  other  children  of  her  father's  family  are 
named  below,  Homer,  deceased,  Lawrence,  Martha, 
deceased,  Benton,  deceased,  Ruth,  Mason,  Lendell, 
Effie.  Mr.  Webster  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  Delancey,  Oscar,  Ardell,  deceased,  Arvilla, 
Minnie,  Jesse.  Mr.  Webster  is  active  in  the  political 
realm  and  labors  zealously  for  the  promulgation  of 
the  principles  which  he  believes  for  the  betterment  of 
all.  In  1892  he  was  nominated  by  the  Populists  for 
auditor  of  the  county  and  he  made  a  fine  race,  being 
defeated  by  only  a  very  small  majority.  In  educa- 
tional matters,  Mr.  Webster  manifests  a  zealous  inter- 
est and  believes  in  good  schools. 


WILLIAM  W.  THARP.  Seven  miles  east  from 
Garfield,  Washington,  lives  the  subject  of  this  arti- 
cle on  a  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
which,  he  took  from  the  raw  sod  by  a  government 
right  and  has  developed  as  one  of  the  excellent  rural 
abodes  of  this  portion  of  the  country.  William  W. 
was  born  in  Callaway  county,  Missouri,  on  April  13, 
1829,  being  the  son  of  Stephen  H.  and  Maria  (Mc- 
Clure)  Tharp,  natives  respectively  of  Madison  and 
Montgomery  counties,  Kentucky,  and  the  father  was- 
born  in  1807.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years,  our  sub- 
ject went  to  live  with  his  grandfather  McClure  and 
three  years  later  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  blacksmith, 
completing  the  trade  at  the  age  of  twenty.  At  that 
time  he  returned  to  his  grandparents  and  soon  took 
the  gold  fever  and  on  April  24,  with  good  mule  out- 
fits, he  crossed  the  Missouri  at  Nebraska  City  and 
eighty  days  later,  on  July  14,  he  pitched  his  tent  in 
Placer  county,  California,  and  immediately  went  to- 
mining.  He  continued  at  that  until  1852,  and  then 
went  to  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Douglas  county, 
Oregon,  and  there  located  a  donation  claim  and  set 
to  work  to  make  a  home.  Twelve  years  were  spent 
in  the  labor  of  tilling  the  soil  there  and  then  he  sold 
the  property  and  moved  to  the  Grande  Roncle  valley, 
Oregon,  where  he  bought  land  and  farmed  for  six- 
teen years.  It  was  1880  that  he  sold  and  made  another 
move,  this  tinie  coming  to  Latah  county,  then  a  por- 
tion of  the  Nez  Perces  county.  Here  he  bought  the 
right  of  another  to  the  quarter  where  he  now  resides 
and  there  he  went  to  work  to  make  the  third  home  he 
had  established  in  the  west.  He  has  been  successful 
in  his  labors  and  also  has  always  labored  for  the  up- 
building of  the  country  and  the  advancement  of  its 
welfare. 

On  November  i,  1854,  Mr.  Tharp  married  Miss 
Lucy  A.  Miller,  in  Douglas  county,  Oregon.  Mrs. 
Tharp  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  was  born  in 
1832.  Mr.  Tharp's  brothers  and  sisters  are  named 
as  follows :  John  W.,  Mary  A.,  deceased,  George  W.,. 


69o 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


living  near  Eldon,  Iowa.  Mr.  Tharp  has  done  his 
share  in  pioneer  work,  and  is  entitled  to  the  enjoyment 
•of  the  competence  that  his  skill  and  labors  have  gath- 
ered. He  remembers  when  Oregon  and  Wash- 
sngton  were  one  division  and  he  voted  on  the  Oregon 
constitution.  In  political  matters,  he  is  active,  being 
Several  times  elected  justice  of  the  peace.  He  organized 
the  first  greenback  club  in  the  Grande'  Ronde  valley, 
and  was  the  first  populist  elected  to  office  in  Latah 
county.  This  year  he  has  been  notified  by  the  chair- 
man of  the  national  committee  of  the  "Middle-of-the- 
Roaders,"  Joe  A.  Parker,  that  he  has  been  chosen 
committeeman  on  this  important  branch.  In  school 
matters,  Mr.  Tharp  is  also  zealous  and  labors  for  the 
betterment  of  facilities  and  the  cause  in  general. 


WILLIAM  R.  BEL  VAIL  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial men  of  Latah  county,  being  an  agriculturist  of 
good  possessions,  having  one  quarter  section  where  he 
resides  five  miles  east  of  Palouse  and  another  not  far 
distant.  Mr.  Belvail  is  a  native  of  Jo  Daviess  county, 
Illinois,  being  born  near  Galena,  on  June  I,  1861,  to 
Joseph  and  Sarah  (Mader)  Belvail.  The  father  was 
a  native  of  Canada  and  a  stockman.  In  1861,  he  went 
to  Pike's  Peak  and  was  killed  on  the  North  Platte  by 
Indians.  The  mother  was  born  near  Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1836,  whose  father,  Abram  Mader, 
was  a  shoemaker  and  farmer.  After  the  father's 
death,  his  widow  married  again,  and  our  subject  re- 
mained under  the  parental  roof  until  sixteen  years  of 
age,  when  he  went  to  work  in  the  pineries  above 
Chippewa  Falls.  Wisconsin.  Four  years  were  spent 
in  the  woods  and  then  he  operated  a  camp  for  him- 
self and  rafted  in  the  spring  and  summer.  In  1882 
Mr.  Belvail  went  to  Minnesota  and  one  year  later 
lie  was  visiting  his  native  place.  1885  marks  the  date 
when  he  set  out  for  Nebraska  and  settlement  was 
made  in  Boone  county,  where  he  bought  land  and 
tilled  it  for  seven  years,  then  sold  out  and  came  west. 
He  first  bought  land  on  Camas  prairie,  near  Grange- 
ville,  Idaho, "then  sold  it  one  season  later,  wintering 
in  Pullman,  Washington,  whence  he  came  to  Latah 
county  and  purchased  a  farm.  It  was  in  1897  that 
he  purchased  his  present  place,  which  he  devotes  to 
to  the  production  of  the  cereals  principally. 

Mr.  Belvail  married  Miss  Florence,  daughter  of 
James  and  Bell  Talbott.  The  father  .  is  a  cabinet 
maker  and  farmer  and  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1829,  and  the  mother  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1843. 
Mrs.  Belvail  had  one  brother  and  one  sister,  both  de- 
ceased, namely:  Raymond  and  Alma.  Mr.  Belvail's 
inimediate  relatives  not  already  mentioned  were  two 
sisters,  both  deceased.  The  following  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Belvail :  Rosco  A.,  Alma 
and  Wallace  L.  Mr.  Belvail  affiliates  with  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.  and  the  Woodmen  of  the  World,  both  at  Pa- 
louse.  He  is  also  active  in  the  realm  of  education, 
having  been  a  member  of  the  board  for  nine  consecu- 
tive vears,  and  ever  laboring  for  the  advancement  of 


the  cause  and  the  betterment  of  facilities.  In  1900 
Mr.  Belvail  received,  entirely  unsolicited,  the  n. 
ination  for  county  assessor,  but  was  defeated  by  only 
a  small  majority.  He  holds  with  the  Democratic 
party  and  has  always  labored  for  the  proper  admin- 
istra'tion  of  affairs  of  government. 


BENJAMIN  F.  CONE  is  one  of  the  capable  and 
prominent  men  of  Latah  county,  having  displayed 
those  qualities  that  make  the  true  man  and  the  stanch 
and  patriotic  citizen.  At  present  he  is  engaged  in 
tilling  the  soil  of  his  fine  farm  seven  miles  east  from 
Palouse,  handling  it  in  the  diversified  manner  and 
having  it  well  improved  with  orchard  and  buildings, 
and  so  forth.  Mr.  Cone  is  a  native  of  the  Occident, 
being  born  in  Marion  county,  Oregon,  on  Septer 
her  24,  1851,  the  son  of  Gustavus  A.  and  Emma  R. 
(Her)  Cone.  The  father  was  a  stockman,  farmer 
and  general  business  man,  born  in  Rush  county,  In- 
diana, on  November  21,  1823,  came  to  Oregon,  land- 
ing there  on  November  6,  1847,  was  one  of  the  forty- 
niners  of  California  and  on  December  26,  1898,  he 
died,  being  a  man  of  means.  The  mother  was  a  native 
of  Ohio,  born  in  1834,  to  James  and  Marie  Her.  Our 
subject  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  eight- 
een years  of  age,  having  attended  school  and  worked 
on  the  farm  with  his  father.  In  1869  he  went  to 
clerking  and  was  soon  appointed  postmaster  of 
Butteville,  which  incumbency  he  retained  until  li 
in  the  spring  of  which  year  he  went  to  Portland  and 
in  November  journeyed  to  Latah  county,  settling 
near  Princeton.  March  8,  1892,  he  was  appointed  to 
the  office  of  district  clerk,  filling  the  unexpired  term 
of  W.  B.  Kyle,  which  was  completed  ten  months  later, 
and  then  was  nominated  on  the  Republican  ticket  and 
promptly  elected  to  the  same  office.  At  the  expira- 
tion he  was  again  nominated  by  his  party,  but  the 
combination  of  the  Fusionists  and  Democrats  defeated 
him  with  the  balance  of  his  ticket.  Just  before  going 
to  Moscow  he  had  purchased  his  present  place,  and 
after  his  retirement  from  office  he  returned  to  it  and 
here  he  has  remained  since  that  time,  being  numbered- 
with  the  leading  agriculturists  of  the  county. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Cone  and  Miss  'Nancy  J., 
daughter  of  Alpheus  and  Zibah  U.  (Evans)  Jones, 
was  solemnized  on  February  22,  1875.  Mrs.  Cone 
was  born  in  Franklin  county,.  Iowa,  in  1856,  her 
father  being  a  contractor  and  farmer,  and  her  brothers 
and  sisters  are  named  as  follows:  Elbert  W.,  living 
in  Nez  Perces  county;  Ernest  A.,  also  living  there; 
Flora  R.,  wife  of  Charles  L.  Williamson  in  Moscow; 
Cora  N.,  living  in  Latah  county.  The  children  of  c 
subject's  parents  besides  himself  are  named  also: 
Louise  M..  wife  of  John  Murray,  of  Aurora,  Ore- 
gon; Laura  B.,  wife  of  T-  W.  Long,  at  Silverton, 
Oregon:  Heman  B.,  at  Portland:  Mary  A.,  wife  of 
A.  L.  Rice,  of  Silverton,  Oregon:  Gustavus  A.,  liv- 
ing near  Butteville,  Oregon.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cone 
there  have  been  born  the  following  children :  Ernest 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


691 


E.,  in  Latah  county,  Lewis  C.,  at  Princeton,  Idaho; 
John  M.,  at  the  same  place;  Herbert  F.,  at  home. 
Mr.  Cone  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  lodge  at  Mos- 
cow and  his  wife  adheres  to  the  Christian  church. 


OLE  OTNESS.  Our  commonwealth  is  debtor 
much  to  the  strong  arms  and  brave  hearts  of  the 
true  and  devoted  immigrants  who  hail  from  the  land 
of  Norway,  whence  comes  the  subject  of  this  article. 
He  has  displayed  in  this  land  the  same  character- 
istics which  make  his  people  a  thrifty  and  leading 

Mr.  Otness  was  born  in  Walsofjord,  in  his  native 
land,  on  February  18,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Ole  O. 
and  Julia  Otness',  also  natives  of  that  country.  The 
mother  died  in  Norway,  being  interred  in  Walsofjord 
cemetery,  but  the  father  came  to  America  and  lo- 
cated in  Genesee,  where  he  was  called  to  pass  the 
river  of  death.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  his  native  land,  attending  also  the  high 
schools,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  came  to  this 
country,  locating  first  in  Minnesota,  where  he  gave 

turned  to  Norway  and  for  five  years' was 'numbered 
with  the  tillers  of  the  soil  there.  Also  during  that 
time  he  experienced  a  happy  event  of  his  life,  his 
marriage  with  Miss  Gertrude,  daughter  of  Ole  and 
Ellen  (Walso)  Olsen,  the  nuptials  being  celebrated 
in  1889.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Otness  came  to 
Latah  county,  purchased  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
two  acres  of  land  and  commenced  his  career  as  a 
western  farmer  and  stock  raiser.  While  he  has  been 
successful  in  handling  stock,  still  he  has  devoted 
most  of  his  energies  to  the  culture  of  the  cereals  and 
in  this  line  he  has  been  especially  favored.  He  has 
a  choicely  selected  orchard  and  his  farm  is  in  a  high 
state  of  cultivation.  Mr.  Otness  has  good  barns  and 
outbuildings  and  is  planning  for  the  erection  of  a 
fine  dwelling.  We  find  in  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
one  of  those  substantial  men  who  form  the  real  bone 
and  sinew  of  our  commonwealth  and  it  is  his  pur- 
pose to  continue  in  the  improvement  of  his  fine  farm 
and  remain  here  the  balance  of  his  days.  He  is  active 
in  the  realm  of  politics,  being  allied  with  the  Repub- 
lican party,  and  also  he  takes  a  commendable  interest 
in  the  affairs  of  education. 

To  Mr.  Otness  and  his  worthy  wife  there  have 
been  born  three  children:  Oscar  R.,  going  to  school, 
Ellen  G.  and  Olga.  Mrs.  Otness'  parents  were  na- 
tives also  of  Norway  and  there  they  lived  until  the 
time  of  their  death.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Otness  are  devout 
members  of  the  Norwegian  Lutheran  church,  and  he 


wisely  bestowed  labors  have  done  much  for  the  gen- 
eral welfare  of  the  county,  being  a  man  of  sound 
principles  and  uprightness.  His  farm  lies  six  miles 
east  from  Palouse,  and  is  well  supplied  with  fine 
buildings  and  produces  abundantly  the  diversified 
crops,  while  also  Mr.  Hafer  raises'  cattle  and  hogs. 
Regarding  his  personal  history,  we  note  that  he 
was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  on  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Rosa 
(Wing)  Hafer.  The  father  was  born  in  Wurtem- 
berg,  Germany,  in  1827,  and  after  coming  to  this 
country  he  served  in  the  Mexican  war.  The  mother 
was  also  a  native  of  the  same'  place  in  Germany. 


years  of  age,  they  moving  from  Ohio  to  Michigan, 
thence  to  Iowa,  and  in  1870  the  family,  except  bur 
subject,  went  to  Texas.  In  Iowa  Mr.  Hafer  re- 
mained until  1873,  then  determined  to  come  to  the 
west  and  accordingly  we  soon  see  him  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, whence  he  came  to  The  Dalles,  thence  on  to  this 
county.  In  1876  he  took  up  a  pre-emption  on  the 
Palouse  river,  where  he  farmed  until  1890.  Then  a 
move  was  made  to  another  farm  two  miles  east.  In 
1897  Mr.  Hafer  sold  this  property  and  bought  a  farm 
in  the  Potlatch,  which,  however,  he  sold  i»  six  months 
and  returned  to  the  vicinity  of  his  first  place  and 
bought  his  present  farm  six  miles  east  from  Palouse. 
During  the  Indian  outbreak  of  1877-8  Mr.  Hafer  as- 
sisted to  build  the  fortifications  in  Palouse  and  did  his 
share  of  watching  in  the  nights  for  the  savages. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Hafer  and  Effie  (Lynd) 
Hamilton,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Tip- 
ton)  Lynd,  was  solemnized  on  June  22,  1884,  in  Latah 
county.  They  have  two  children,  Henry  and  Ethel, 
while  by  her'  former  marriage  Mrs.  Hafer  has  two 
children,  James  and  Robert  Hamilton,  on  the  St. 
Marys  river.  Mrs.  Hafer  has  one  brother,  James 
Tipton,  living  near  Grangeville,  Idaho,  and  Mr.  Hafer 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  George, 
Caroline,  Rosa,  Henry,  all  in  Texas.  Mr.  Hafer  al- 
ways takes  an  active  interest  in  the  political  matters 
of  the  county,  and  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace 
and  also  he  is  zealous  in  the  cause  of  education,  being 
school  director.  He  affiliates  with  the  I.  O.  C).  F.  at 
Palouse  and  Mrs.  Hafer  is  a  member  of  the  L'nited 
Brethren  church. 


HENRY  HANSON.  To  the  labors  of  the 
stockmen  and  agriculturists  of  Latah  county  more 
credit  is  clue  for  the  development  of  the  resources  of 
the  county  than  perhaps  to  any  other  class  of  men, 
and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  accord  to  this  member 
of  that  class  a  representation,  being  assured  that  he 


JOHN  J.  HAFER.  Among  the  representative 
agriculturalists  of  Latah  county  there  should  not  be 
failure  to  mention  the  subject 'of  this  article,  whose 


try.  Henry  Hanson  was  born  in  Winnebago  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  May  17,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Knute 
and  Betsey  Hanson,  natives  of  Norway,  who  came 
to  America,  settling  in  the  county  above  named  in 
1862.  The  father" promptly  enlisted  in  the  army, 
Thirteenth  Wisconsin  Regulars,  to  fight  the  battles 


692 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  Civil  war,  and,  being  taken  prisoner,  he  lan- 
guished in  Andersonville  until  death  relieved  him  of 
his  terrible  sufferings,  thus  giving  his  life  for  his 
foster  land.  The  mother  still  lives  in  Winnebago 
county,  being  sixty-six  years  of  age.  Our  subject 
received  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  and 
being  the  only  son  of  the  family  the  support  of  the 
family  devolved  upon  him,  and  in  a  manly  manner 
he  took  up  the  burden  and  did  it  thoroughly,  being 
twenty-five  years  of  age  when  he  started  for  him- 
self. At  that  age  he  came  west  to  Walla  vValla, 
worked  there  for  one  year  and  then  made  his  way 
to  Genesee,  where  he  worked  out  for  two  years.  At 
that  time  occurred  the  happy  event  of  the  marriage 
of  Mr.  Hanson  and  Miss  Bell,  daughter  of  Eric  and 
Olea  Flamoe,  natives  of  Norway,  who  immigrated  to 
America  and  are  now  living  in  Genesee.  Immedi- 
3  his  marriage  Mr.  Hanson  rented 


subseqi 


a  farm  for  one  year,  then  bought  a  farm  and  two  year 
afterward  sold  it  again,  renting  for  the  next  twi 
years.  After  this  he  spent  one  year  in  working  fo. 
others  and  then  purchased  a  farm  for  himself,  where 
he  lives,  four  miles  north  from  Genesee,  being  in- 
cluded in  the  rural  free  delivery  route,  No.  i.  Mr. 

high  state  of  cultivation.  He  has  good  buildings, 
a  fine  orchard,  and  a  nice  band  of  cattle.  In  politics, 
our  subject  is  always  active  and  displays  that  patriot- 
ism and  intelligence  which  are  the  part  of  every  true 
citizen.  He  is  allied  with  the  Republicans.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hanson  there  have  been  born  the  following 
children:  Clara,  Palma,  Nora,  Roy  and  Helma.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hanson  are  faithful  members  of  the  Nor- 
wegian Lutheran  church  and  they  are  people  who  are 
deserving  and  enjoy  in  a  good  degree  the  confidence 
of  their  fellows,  while  they  have  always  displayed 
industry,  uprightness  and  integrity. 


JOHN  HJELM.  This  esteemed  gentleman  is 
one  of  the  well-to-do  and  industrious  farmers  of 
Latah  county,  having  a  good  farm  of  eighty  acres 
four  and  one-half  miles  north  from  Genesee,  where 
he  has  bestowed  his  labors  in  a  commendable  manner 
in  raising  the  cereals,  fine  fruit,  and  handling  all  with 
skill  and  thrift.  Our  subject,  as  many  of  our  most 
substantial  citizens,  was  born  in  Norway,  Throndhjim 
being  the  spot,  and  November  14,  1844.  the  date, 
while  his  parents  were  Iver  N.  and  Gunelje  Hjelm, 
natives  of  Norway  also,  who  died  there.  John  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  place,  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  the  age  of  twenty,  then 
started  in  the  battle  of  life  for  himself  and  took  up  farm- 
ing until  1882,  when  he  came  to  the  United  States  and 
located  in  Nez  Perces  county,  Idaho,  purchasing  a 
quarter  section  of  land.  This  continued  to  be  the 
family  home  until  1890,  when  he  sold  it  and  returned 
to  Norway,  where  he  remained  for  one  and  one-half 
years.  At  the  end  of  that  period  he  came  to  this 
country  again,  this  time  locating  in  Latah  county, 


and  purchasing  his  present  farm.  He  has  demon- 
trated himself  to  be  a  capable  man,  a  good  citizen, 
a  genial  and  affable  neighbor,  and  has  manifested  in- 
dustry and  good  judgment  in  all  his  ways. 

Mr.  Hjelm  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of 
Thorsten  and  Kanie  Mitling,  natives  of  Norway  also, 
To  this  happy  marriage  there  has  been  born  the  fol- 
lowing offspring :  Charles'  T.,  working  in  the  mines 
at  Burke,  Idaho;  Ida  M.,  married  to  John  Mortinson 
and  living  in  Latah  county.  Mrs.  Hjelm's  parents 
came  to  America  and  remained  for  ten  years,  then 
returned  to  Norway,  where  they  are  living  at  the 
present  time.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hjelm  are  members  of 
the  Norwegian  Lutheran  church  and  are  exemplary 
people  and  highly  esteemed. 


JOHN  P.  FREEZE  is  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers 
now  in  Latah  county,  coming  here  long  before  Latah 
was  thought  of  as  a  county  and  even  before  its 
county  seat  had  an  existence  as  a  village,  there  being 
at  that  time  one  log  cabin  in  which  a  few  groceries 
were  retailed  where  Moscow  now  stands.  John  P. 
was  born  in  Salisbury,  Rowan  county,  North  Caro- 
lina, on  February  10,  1833,  being  the  son  of  George 
and  Sophia  (Bost)  Freeze,  natives  of  Rowan  county. 
North  Carolina.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  tan- 
ner and  was  born  in  1801 ;  the  mother  was  born  in 
1803,  and  her  father,  John  Bost,  was  a  cabinet 
maker.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents  until 
1858,  then  started  in  life  for  himself.  He  had  gained 
his  education  from  the  public  schools  and  at  the 
time  of  his  start  in  life  he  migrated  to  Woodruff 
county,  Arkansas,  near  Augusta,  and  there  farmed 
and  raised  hogs.  In  1870  he  moved  to  Benton  county, 
and  in  1873,  with  a  train  of  friends  and  relatives, 
started  across  the  plains  on  April  5,  reaching  Walla 
Walla  on  August  4.  They  started  with  twelve  out- 
fits, but  at  Big  Thompson  creek,  west  of  Denver, 
they  joined  David  Notman's  train  and  traveled  to- 
gether the  remainder  of  the  way.  Mr.  Notman  ca 
direct  to  his  present  home  in  this  community  and 
our  subject  went  to  Yakima  river  and  mined,  then  on 
to  Seattle,  and  later  returned  to  Walla  Walla  and  thence 
to  what  is  now  Latah  county.  He  took  a  claim  on  Cedar 
creek  and  returned  to  Walla  Walla  to  bring  his  stuff 
and  a  person  had  jumped  it  when  he  returned,  so  after 
due  search  he  selected  his  present  place  in  the  vicinity 
of  Freese  postoffice.  He  has  a  quarter  section  of 
good  land  well  improved  and  which  produces  abund- 
ance of  timothy  hay.  In  1877  the  Indians  stole  their 
horses  but  did  no  further  depredations.  He  assisted 
to  build  the  fort  at  Palouse  at  this  time  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  assisted  to  build  the  one  near  his 
place. 

When  the  Civil  war  broke  out  Mr.  Freeze  < 
listed  in  Company  G.  Arkansas  Infantry,  but  was  dis- 
charged on  account  of  sickness,  but  upon  his  re- 
covery he  enlisted  again,  this  time  in  Company  A, 
Arkansas  Cavalry,  and  in  this  he  served  until  the 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


693 


close  of  the  war.  In  the  battle  of  Big  Creek,  near 
Helena,  Arkansas,  he  was  wounded  through  the 
hips  and  for  five  months  he  languished  in  bed  and  for 
seven  months  after  that  he  was  bound  to  crutches. 
Mr.  Freeze  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows :  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  John  Yost,  in  North  Carolina;  Anna, 
wife  of  Daniel  Corral,  in  North  Carolina :  Caleb  M., 
living  on  the  home  estate ;  Panelope  P.,  wife  of  Cor- 
nelius Overcash,  in  Arkansas;  Mary,  deceased; 
Sarah,  wife  of  William  Goen,  but  now  deceased; 
Margaret,  wife  of  William  Perkins,  in  Arkansas; 
Monroe,  in  Texas ;  Flora,  deceased ;  Jacob,  deceased. 
Mr.  Freeze  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church  and 
is  well  esteemed  among  his  fellows. 


MICHAEL  C.  FREEZE.  The  gentleman  whose 
name  appears  at  the  head  of  this  sketch  needs  no  in- 
troduction to  the  dwellers  in  Latah  county,  since  he 
was  one  of  the  first  to  settle  here  and  has  spent 
the  intervening  years  in  noble  labor  both  to  develop  the 
resources  of  the  county  and  to  elevate  all  in  moral 
and  educational  lines,  having  been  the  promoter  of 
both  schools  and  churches,  and  being  a  man  of  prom- 
Mr.  Freeze  was  born  in  Rowan  county,  North 
Carolina,  on  February  19,  1859,  the  son  of  John 
and  Betsey  (Lipe)  Freeze,  both  natives  of  North 
Carolina  and  born  in  1829.  The  father  was  a  farmer 
and  Michael  has  always  followed  that  basic  industry. 
When  a  child  he  was  brought  by  his  parents  to  Wood- 
ruff county,  Arkansas,  where  the  father  bought  land 
and  farmed  for  eleven  years,  our  subject  attending 
school.  In  18^0  a  move  was  made  to  Benton  county, 
and  one  year  later  they  sold  out  and  provided  teams 
for  the  long  overland  journey  to  Washington.  Day- 
ton was  the  objective  point,  which  was  reached  four 
months  after  starting,  but  in  18/6  they  decided  to 
make  another  move  and  came  to  the  territory  now 
embraced  in  Latah  county,  it  being  then  Nez  Perces 
county.  The  father  took  the  quarter  where  he  now 
lives,  just  north  of  our  subject's  place,  and  he  lives 
there  still.  Michael  remained  with  his  father  until 
the  time  of  his  majority  and  then  took  the  pre-emp- 
tion where  he  now  lives  and  bought  another  quarter 
section.  During  the  Indian  scare  of  1878  a  fort  was 
built  near  the  residence  of  Mr.  Freeze  and  he  assisted 
in  the  construction  and  the  settlers  were  fortunate 
in  getting  through  the  trouble  with  no  fatalities. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Freeze  and  Miss  Mattie, 
daughter  of  Benjamin  F.  and  Ann  (Powell)  Peter- 
son, was  solemnized  on  August  7,  1881,  and  they  have 
become  the  parents  of  the  following  named  children : 
Estelle,  John  F.,  Daniel,  deceased,  Anna,  all  at  home. 
Mrs.  Freeze  was  was  born  on  October  17,  1861,  near 
Newport,  New  Jersey,  and  had  one  brother,  Daniel 
J.,  deceased.  Her  father  was  born  in  New  Jersey, 
on  June  27,  1839,  and  farmed  in  that  state.  The 
mother  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  on  August  29,  1841. 
Mr.  Freeze  has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows: 


Xalvin  E.,  living  near  Freese ;  Mary,  deceased ;  Dan- 
iel, deceased;  Sarah,  wife  of  Wilber  Watkins,  and 
living  in  Texas;  Caleb,  deceased.  Mr.  Freeze  now 
has  a  farm  of  two  hundred  and  twenty-seven  acres, 
well  improved  with  fine  buildings,  orchards,  and  so 
forth,  and  it  produces  abundantly  of  timothy  and  the 
cereals.  He  has  always  been  active  for  the"  advance- 
ment of  educational  facilities,  and  was  one  who  led 
in  securing  a  subscription  of  fourteen  hundred  dollars 
which  erected  a  union  meeting  place  in  the  neighbor- 
hood, which  is  open  to  all  denominations. 


JOHN  A.  STARNER.  The  well  known  busi- 
ness man  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article 
has  been  prominent  in  business  in  different  localities 
of  Latah  county  for  a  number  of  years,  and  now  holds 
the  important  office  of  postmaster  at  Freese,  at  which 
place  he  gained  the  establishment  of  the  office.  He  is 
also  carrying  on  a  general  store  and  does  a  good  busi- 

John  A.  was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  on  May 
9,  1837,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth 
(Byers)  Starner.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith  and 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  being  born  in  1806,  and  the 
mother  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Gettysburg,  Penn- 
sylvania in  1817.  Until  fifteen  years  of  age  our  subject 
was  with  his  parents  acquiring  a  good  education,  which 
he  finished  later,  as  will  be  noted.  Leaving  home,  he 
went  to  work  on  a  farm  until  1856.  Then  two  years 
were  spent  in  attending  school,  after  which  he  joined  the 
ranks  of  the  educators,  and  on  January  15.  1860,  he 
migrated  to  Salem,  Illinois,  and  taught  school.  He 
went  to  Stephenson  county  after  this  and  attended  com- 
mercial college,  and  then  went  to  teaching  again.  Next 
we  see  him  in  Dixon,  and  afterward  in  Central  City, 

and  then  a  move  was  made  to  Virginia  City,  Montana, 
where  he  mined  also.  In  1865,  at  Blackfoot.  Montana, 
he  was  crippled  while  operating  in  the  placer  mines, 
and  the  next  place  we  find  this  traveller  was  in  Uma- 
tilla  county,  Oregon,  whence  he  went  to  Walla  Walla, 
and  then  to  Dayton,  Washington.  He  taught  school 
and  engaged  in  business,  and  in  1878  he  was  selected 
probate  judge  of  Columbia  county,  and  so  well  did 
he  discharge  the  duties  of  that  'office  that  he  was 
promptly  elected  his  own  successor.  He  took  govern- 
ment land  five  miles  from  Dayton,  gaining-  the  third 
patent  issued  for  timber  culture  and  the  first  in  Walla 
Walla  county.  In  April,  1886,  he  went  to  Endicott, 
Whitman  county,  and  in  1888  he  came  to  Latah 
county.  He  prospected  for  a  time,  and  in  1890  went 
to  the  vicinity  of  Princeton  and  started  a  general  mer- 
chandise establishment.  He  was  enabled  to  _gain 
a  postoffice  for  that  place  and  there  he  did  business 
for  nine  years.  It  was  1899  when  he  came  to  his 
present  place,  opened  a  store,  and  on  June  22,  1900, 
gained  a  postoffice,  which  he  handles  now. 

On  March  27,  1873,  in  Columbia  county.  Mr. 
Starner  married  Miss  Bell,  daughter  of  Hugh  and 


694 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Jane  Glen.  Mrs.  Starner's  father  was  a  weaver  and 
worked  in  the  factories  in  New  York  and  Illinois. 
She  was  born  in  Delhi,  New  York,  on  July  16,  1835. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Starner  have  one  foster  son,  Stanley 
(Matthews)  Starner,  a  farmer  in  Latah  county.  Mr. 
Starner  was  a  member  of  the  Maccabees,  and  his  wife 
is  associated  with  the  Congregational.!  church.  At 
present  Mr.  Starner  is  also  justice  of  the  peace.  On 
May  19,  1902,  Mrs.  Starner  was  called  from  her 
home  and  family  by  the  cold  hand  of  death,  and  her 
remains  lie  buried  in  the  Deep  Creek  Union  church 
cemetery. 


RICHARD  F.  RICHARDSON.  This  industrious 
and  enterprising  gentleman  is  one  of  our  substantial 
citizens,  having  a  fruit  farm  in  Genesee,  where  he 
does  also  a  garden  business.  His  possessions  are 
ten  acres  of  this  valuable  land,  and  it  is  improved  in 
good  shape  and  handled  in  a  creditable  manner.  Rich- 
ard F.  was  born  in  Myricks,  Massachusetts,  on  March 
20,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Steven  and  Orisa  (Ham- 
mar)  Richardson,  natives,  respectively,  of  Maine  and 
New  Hampshire.  The  father  lived  to  the  age  of  sixty- 
six  and  the  mother  died  at  a  ripe  age.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  village  schools  and  remained 
with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age, 
and  then  went  to  California,  where  he  remained  for 
one  and  one-half  years.  Following  that  period  he 
went  to  Nez  Perces  county,  Idaho,  and  there  took  a 
homestead  near  the  city  of  Lewiston.  1879  was  the 
date  of  this  venture,  and  in  1882  he  sold  the  prop- 
erty and  bought  a  quarter  section  close  to  Genesee, 
which  in  turn  was  sold  in  1895,  and  a  trip  was  made 
to  California.  .Six  months  later  he  returned  to  Gene- 
see  and  bought  the  land  where  he  lives  at  the  present 
time,  as  described  above.  In  politics  Mr.  Richardson 
is  with  the  Republican  fold,  and  he  displays  a  com- 
mendable activity  and  zeal  in  the  affairs  of  county  and 
state. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Richardson  and  Miss  Lucy, 
daughter  of  Cyrus  and  Mary  Southard,  natives  of 
Maine,  was  celebrated  in  1886,  and  they  have  become 
the  parents  of  eight  children,  as  follows :  Grace, 
Maurice  S.,  deceased,  Helen,  Cornelia,  Blanche,  Lucy, 
Esther  and  Richard.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richardson  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church  and  are  generous 
supporters  of  the  faith  and  maintain  a  wise  and  un- 
sullied life  in  their  walk,  both  public  and  private. 


JOHN  A.  ANDERSON.  As  this  work  purports 
to  chronicle  the  lives  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Latah 
county,  it  is  quite  fitting  that  mention  be  made  of  the 
industrious  and  enterprising  gentleman  whose  name  is 
at  the  head  of  this  article,  since  he  is  one  of  the 
worthy  farmers  and  stockmen  of  the  county,  living 
about  four  miles  northeast  from  Genesee.  where  he 
handles  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land,  rais- 
ing principally  the  cereals.  John  A.  was  born  in 


Sweden,  northern  part,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and 
Ellen  Anderson,  and  the  date  of  his  advent  into  this 
life  was  January  22,  1864.  His  parents  were  natives 
of  the  same  country,  and  the  father  died  there  at  the 
age  of  fifty-nine  arid  the  mother  is  still  living  at  the 
age  of  seventy-two.  When  he  had  arrived  at  the  age 
of  twelve  years  our  subject  was  sent  out  into  the 
world  to  stem  the  tide  of  existence  for  himself.  He 
worked  in  the  woods  and  learned  the  art  of  the 
and  saw,  as  well  as  developing  a  good  physique.  In 
1883  he  came  to  America,  and  the  first  location  was 
in  Minnesota,  where  he  labored  seven  years  on  a  fai 
The  date  of  his  advent  into  Latah  county  was  i8_ 
and  here  he  worked  on  the  railroad  foi  a  time  and  then 
labored  for  wages  on  a  farm  until  1898,  when 
rented  a  farm  of  one-quarter  section,  and  three  y< 
were  spent  in  the  cultivation  of  that  place,  with  suc- 
cessful results,  when  he  added  as  much  more  land, 
all  of  which  is  in  a  good  state  of  cultivation,  and  he 
is  the  recipient  of  abundant  harvests  for  the  skillful 
labor  bestowed.  Mr.  Anderson  uses  eleven  head  of 
horses  for  the  cultivation  of  his  farms,  having  alsc 
cattle  for  domestic  uses.  He  raises  as  high  as  fom 
thousand  bushels  of  wheat  besides  other  cereals  and 
fruits  and  vegetables. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Anderson  and  Miss  Car 
Wuensen.  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  celebrated  in  i8< 
and  to  them  have  been  born  two  children,  Carl  E.  and 
Helma.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anderson  are  worthy  members 
of  the  Swedish  Lutheran  church,  and  they  are  good 
citizens  and  excellent  people. 


DAVID  NOTMAN,  JR.  As  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  of  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Latah  coun- 
ty, as  a  man  who  has  always  been  foremost  and  ac 
in  the  upbuilding  of  the  country,  as  one  who  has  al- 
ways maintained  an  untarnished  reputation,  recen 
the  approval  of  his  fellows,  and  as  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  capable  men  of  the  county  of  Latah  at 
the  present  time,  we  are  glad  to  accord  to  the  subject 
of  this  article  representation  in  this  volume. 

David  Notman  was  born  in  Scotland,  ten  n 
distant  from  Glasgow,  on  April  24,  1840,  being  the 
son  of  David  and  Christina  (Kirkwood)  Notman. 
The  father  worked  at  the  trade  of  calico  printing,  but 
after  coming  to  America  worked  in  the  lead  mines  and 
then  farmed.  The  maternal  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject was  James  Kirkwood.  When  the  lad  had  reached 
the  age  of  eight  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic,  and  a  settlement  was  made  in 
Wisconsin.  At  first  all  hands  earned  money  as  wages 
and  then  purchased  a  farm,  where  they  devoted  their 
energies  to  tilling  the  soil.  David  was  educated  in 
the  schools  in  Wisconsin  and  in  Scotland.  He  re- 
mained at  home  until  the  war  broke  out  and  then 
enlisted  in  Company  D,  Thirty-eighth  Wisconsin  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  and  at  once  they  were  ordered  to 
Virginia,  arriving  there  in  time  to  assist  in  finishing 
the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor.  He  was  with  the  army  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


695 


the  Potomac  and  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Petersburg, 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  being  honorably 
discharged  at  Madison,  Wisconsin,  in  August,  1865. 
The  father  had  sold  the  Wisconsin  property  and  mi- 
grated to  Colorado,  whence  went  the  young  soldier, 
joining  his  loved  ones  on  Big  Thompson  creek,  fifty 
miles  north  from  Denver,  where  the  home  then  was. 
He  engaged  with  his  father  in  stock  raising  until 
1873,  then  sold  out  and  came  to  the  territory  now 
embraced  in  Latah  county.  He  was  accompanied  on 

[  this  trip  overland  with  teams  by  John,  Peter  and 
Michael  Freeze,  who  remained  at  Walla  Walla,  but 

|  he  came  direct  to  his  present  place,  at  Freese,  landing 

[  here  in  August  of  that  year.  He  took  a  pre-emption 
and  afterwards  a  homestead,  and  to  the  cultivation  of 

'  this  land  he  has  devoted  his  energies  since.  He  has 
it  well  tilled,  a  fine  house  and  barn,  and  is  a  well-to-do 
and  prosperous  farmer.  During  the  Nez  Perces  war 

I  he  and  a  neighbor  built  a  small  log  fort  and  remained 
on  their  farms  while  all  the  others  went  to  the  fortifi- 
5  at  Palouse.  The  Nez  Perces  Indians  passed 


by 


Mr.  Johnson  is  allied  with  the  Democrats  but  at 
the  time  of  the  election  of  the  late  William  McKin- 
ley  he  voted  for  that  good  man.  Mr.  Johnson  always 
evinces  a  good  interest  in  the  politics  of  the  land  and 
is  ever  on  the  side  of  progress. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Johnson  and  Ida  M.,  daughter 
of  John  and  Margret  (Johnson)  Johnson,  was  cele- 
brated on  February  4,  1885.  Mrs.  Johnson's  parents 
were  natives  of  Sweden,  where  also  she  was  born,  and 
they  came  to  this  country  in  1877,  locating  in  Brook- 
lyn, New  York,  where  she  was  educated.  Our  worthy 
subject  and  his  estimable  wife  are  the  parents  of 
the  following  children:  Pearl  E.,  Olof  V.  and  Mary 
C.,  twins,  Ethel  E.,  Mabel  L.,  Hattie  H.,  George  H. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  are  members  or  the  Norwegian 
Lutheran  church,  and  are  generous  supporters  of  this 
denomination  as  of  the  faith  in  general. 


PETER    CLYDE.      This  enterprising    and  pro- 

lished  and  capable  citizens.  His  family  home  is  on 
his  estate  of  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  which 
lies  eight  miles  east  from  Palouse.  He  has  a  valua- 
ble farm,  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  and  handled 
after  the  plan  of  the  diversified  farmer,  and  the  build- 
ings are  excellent  and  commodious  and  altogether  it 
is  one  of  the  attractive  rural  abodes  of  the  county.  Mr. 
Clyde  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  on  September  22, 
1859,  having  six  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows: 
Katherine,  Joseph,  Grace,  deceased,  Robert,  Mary,  and 
Wilfred  T.,  the  parents  being  Alexander  and  "Anna 
B.  (Graham)  Clyde.  Hie  father  was  a  native  of  Ire- 
land and  came  to  America  at  the  age  of  twenty-one. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Scotland  and  came  to  the 
new  world  when  small.  Her  father  was  James  Gra- 
ham, a  farmer  and  stonemason.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
years,  our  subject  left  the  parental  roof  and  sought 
a  place  in  the  world  for  himself.  He  first  went  to 
Michigan  and  worked  for  a  time  on  a  farm  and  then 
made  his  way  to  Truckee,  California,  in  1876.  asso- 
ciating himself  with  a  half-brother,  Andrew  Clyde, 
in  the  lumber  business.  In  1879  he  left  there  and 
came  to  the  Palouse  country,  working  for  a  time 
on  log  contract.  He  filed  a"  homestead  right  on  a 
quarter  section  in  1883  and  that,  with  as  much  more 
which  he  had  purchased  formerly,  makes  the  home 
place. 

On  May  27,  1885,  Mr.  Clyde  married  Miss  Mary 
L.,  daughter  of  Francis  M.'and  Martha  J.  (Seal- 
lions)  Adair,  and  they  have  the  following  named  chil- 
dren, Ellen,  Mary  M.,  Addie  B.,  and  Joseph  Elwyn, 
Mrs.  Clyde's  father  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1831, 
and  the  'mother  in  Arkansas  in  1850.  She  was  born 
in  Pine  Bluff,  Arkansas,  on  June  2f>,  1869,  and  the 
other  children  are  named  below.  Francis.  Matilda  L., 


done  to  our  subject  or  his  friend.  He  was  the  first 
settler  on  Deep  creek  and  has  done  much  to  build 

[  up  the  country  since  that  time.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.^  has  served  on  the  school  board,  and 

!,  always  conducted  himself  in  a  commendable  manner. 
Before  Latah  county  was  cut  off  Mr.  Notman  was 

L  elected   county   commissioner  of   Nez   Perces   county, 

[  and  such  was  the  satisfaction  with  his  official  acts 
that  he  was  elected  a  second  term.  Mr.  Notman  is 
affiliated  with  the  Methodist  church  and  a  faithful 
supporter  of  the  faith. 


AUGUST   JOHNSON.     One   of   the   men   who 
:  have  wrought  here  for  the  development  of  the  county 
is  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this  article,  and  he  is  a 
".  citizen  of  capabilties  and  good  standing,  while  he  is 
'{  also  an  enterprising  farmer,  owning  eighty  acres  of 
good  land  six  miles  north  from  Genesee  and  renting 
one  hundred  and  forty-five.     Mr.  Johnson  was  born 
in  southeastern  Sweden  on  February  28,  1859,  being 
the  son  of  Swan  and  Cecelia  (Swanson)  Johnson,  also 
natives  of   Sweden,   where  the   father  still   lives,   the 
mother  dying  while  our  subject  was  young.  August 
was   educated   in  the   common   schools   of  his   native 
place,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  bade  the  land 
of  home  and  friends  farewell  and  came  to  the  United 
States,  locating  first  in   Prospect  Grove,   New  York, 
I  where  he  labored  for  four  and  one-half  years,  when 
a  removal  was  made  to  Kansas,  where  he  remained 
three  years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he  came 
direct  to  Latah  county.     Here  he  rented  a  farm  until 


he  \ 

Johnson  produces  about  four  thousand  bushels  of 
grain  each  year,  besides  having  much  fruit,  some  stock, 
and  other  general  productions  of  the  farm.  Politically 


696 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


erected  a  church  for  union  services  in  i 
hood.  He  always  takes  an  interest  in  church  work, 
in  the  general  welfare  of  all  and  manifests  it  by  wise 
counsel  and  faithful  labors.  Mr.  Clyde  has  been  road 
overseer  for  two  terms,  and  is  zealous  that  the  high- 
ways be  in  good  condition,  a  very  worthy  labor.  He  is 
also  director  of  the  schools  and  evinces  great  interest 
in  furthering  the  cause  of  education. 


WASHINGTON  WOLHETER  is  descended 
from  a  line  of  ancestors  who  have  all  been  devoted 
Americans.  His  grandfather,  George  Wolheter,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1790  and  died  in  1853.  He 
married  Barbara  Cop,  who  was  born  in  Ohio  and  out- 
lived him  some  years.  To  this  worthy  couple  were 
born  seven  children,  the  third  of  whom  was  George 
Wolheter,  the  father  of  our  subject.  George  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania  on  October  22,  1814,  and  was  a  car- 
penter and  cabinet  maker.  His  brothers  were  all 
good  business  men.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
married  a  widow  with  three  children  and  to  this  union 
three  children  were  born.  Upon  the  death  of  his  first 
wife.  George  Wolheter  married  Mrs.  Susanna  (Myers) 
Falons,  who  had  two  children  by  a  former  marriage. 
To  this  last  union,  our  subject  was  born  in  Hancock 
county,  Ohio,  on  July  -2,  1844.  He  has  one  brother, 
Israel'  E.,  in  Latah'  county,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Viletta 
Lamb,  in  Lowe,  Idaho.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  her  father,  Mikel 
Myers,  being  a  patriot  of  the  war  of  1812.  She  was 

cleville,  Kansas,  on  January  2,  1876.  When  our  sub- 
ject was  seven  years  of  age  his  father  went  to  Cali- 
fornia and  searched  for  gold  two  years.  In  1857  the 
iamily  went  to  Jackson  county,  Kansas,  where  the 
father  wrought  at  his  trade.  Washington  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  that  frontier  region  and 
in  1862  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Eleventh  Kansas  In- 
fantry and  eighteen  months  later  was  transferred  to 
the  cavalry.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Pea 
Ridge,  Maysville,  Prairie  Grove,  Cane  Hill,  Lexing- 
ton, Westport,  Big  Blue,  and  many  other  battles  and 
skirmishes.  Mr.  Wolheter  was  one  of  the  boys  who 
chased  Quantrel  out  of  the  country.  After  that  Mr. 
Wolheter  went  with  his  regiment  to  the  west  and 
fought  Indians.  These  experiences  were  times  of 
great  suffering  from  cold,  hunger  and  arduous  marches. 
In  one  battle  he  was  one  of  seventy-five  soldiers  who 
fought  off  the  savages  for  three  days  and  at  the  end 
of  that  time  found  fort}-  of  their  number  either  dead 
or  wounded.  Following  this  service  he  was  mustered 
out  and  in  1867  went  to  Nevada  mining. 

On  September  14,  1871,  in  Circleville.  Kansas,  Mr. 
Wolheter  married  Sara  (Elliott)  Price.  Mrs.  Wol- 
heter's  paternal  grandparents  were  Samuel  and  Mar- 
garette  (Styles)  Elliott,  born  in  New  York  city  on 
September  4,  1770,  and  in  Paris  France,  on  Septem- 
ber I,  1772,  and  died  on  September  24,  1860,  and 
August  4,  1860,  respectively.  To  this  worthy  couple 
thirteen  children  were  born  and  to  each  the  father,  who 


was  a  patriot  of  the  war  of  1812,  gave  a  quarter 
section  of  land.  James,  one  of  these  fortunate  chil- 
dren, was  born  in  Shelby  county,  Ohio,  on  December 
31,  1828,  and  chose  to  carve  out  his  own  fortune.  He 
was  the  father  of  Mrs.  Wolheter,  and  married  Miss 
Anna  Moore,  in  Jefferson  county,  Iowa,  on  July 
1849.  The  Moores  were  a  prominent  family  and'Dn 
Black,  one  of  the  family. -as  well  as  others  were  noted 
men.  Mrs.  Wolheter  was  well  educated  in  the  \ 
ious  places  where  her  father's  family  lived  and  in 
1865  married  Mr.  J.  W.  Price.  I'o  that  union  one 
son,  George,  was  born  on  August  9,  1867.  He  is  now 
living  near  Nezperce.  In  1870  Mrs.  Price  went  to  Cir- 
cleville,  Kansas,  and  there  occurred  her  marriage 
with  Mr.  Wolheter.  In  1874,  after  the  great  grass- 
hopper raid,  Mr.  Wolheter  came  west  and  lumbered 
in  Santa  Cruz  county,  California,  for  three  years,  af- 
ter which  he  came  to  the  Paluose  country.  On  July 
9,  1877,  he  came  to  Latah  county  and  took  his  pres- 
ent place  five  miles  northeast  from  Palouse.  He  has 
nearly  a  section  of  fine  land  and  the  industry,  skill 
and  wise  business  methods  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wolheter 
have  given  them  a  goodly  competence.  They  have  one 
of  the  finest  residences  in  the  county  and  other  build- 
ings to  match.  Mrs.  Wolheter  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  church  and  he  is  affiliated  with  the  G.  A. 
R.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wolheter  have  been  born  three 
children,  Estella,  born  at  Felton,  California,  on  March 
24,  1876,  and  now  the  wife  of  Dr.  J.  T.  Moser,  of 
Kendrick;  Lulu,  born  on  the  farm  on  December  3, 
1 88 1,  and  now  married  to  Dr.  J.  E.  Prencel,  of  Day- 
ton, Washington ;  Mildred,  born  on  the  farm  on  July 
29,  1888. 


ALFRED  COLBURN  is  one  of  the  earliest  set- 
tlers of  the  section  now  embraced  in  Latah  county  and 
he  has  been  one  of  the  hard  workers  to  make  it  c 
of  the  leading  counties  of  the  state  as  well  as  gain  for 
himself  the  handsome  holding  that  now  belong! 
him.  His  fine  farm  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres 
lies  seven  miles  east  from  Palouse,  is  now  the  family 
home  and  is  improved  in  a  very  tasty  and  wise  man- 
ner. He  has  all  kinds  of  stock,  raises  various  crops, ' 
has  excellent  buildings  and  good  orchards.  Mr.  Col- 
burn  was  born  on  March  25,  1834,  at  Lyme,  New 
Hampshire,  being  the  son  of  Abel  and  Martha  (Rice) 
Colburn.  The  father  was  born  in  1792  and  he  and 
his  wife  travelled  the  pilgrim  way  together  for  sixty 
years,  passing  away  at  a  good  ripe  age  to  the  reward 
laid  in  store  for  them  in  another  world.  The  mother 
was  born  at  Brattleborough,  Vermont,  in  1794.  Our 
subject  was  well  educated  in  his  youthful  days  and  in 
1852  was  making  ready  to  come  west  when  his  parents 
decided  to  come  also  and  together  they  journeyed  to 
Wisconsin,  settling  in  Waupaca  county,  being  the 
second  family  in  the  township  of  their  home.  Alfred 
secured  a  piece  of  land  which  he  deeded  to  his  parents 
and  there  they  lived  until  death.  He  secured  this  land 
by  working  on  the  river  to  earn  the  purchase  price. 
In  1858  he  removed  to  Isanti  county,  Mi 
and  there  was  elected  county  surveyor.  In  1861,  No- 


Residence  of  Washington  Wolheter 


WASHINGTON  WOLHETER. 


MRS.  WASHINGTON  WOLHETER. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


697 


vember  4,  Mr.  Colburn  enlisted  in  Company  K.  First 
Minnesota  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  being  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  he  was  discharged  August 
9,  1862,  in  New  York  harbor.  But  on  August  28, 
1864,  he  sought  the  ranks  again,  enlisting  in  the  Sec- 
ond Battery  of  Light  Artillery,  where  he  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  being  honorably  discharged  on 
August  16.  1865,  having  left  a  military  record  which 
deserves  great  credit.  After  the  war,  Mr.  Colburn 
was  elected  by  his  fellows  as  county  surveyor  and  for 
sixteen  years  he  filled  that  important  office.  In  1875 
he  came  west,  settling  at  Stayton,  Oregon,  where  he 
operated  a  saw  mill  and  later  built  a  flour  mill  at  Oak- 
land. In  1878,  during  the  Indian  outbreak  in  north- 
ern Oregon,  our  subject  was  on  his  way  to  Latah 
county  with  his  family  and  a  band  of  five  hundred 
sheep.  His  travelling  companions  took  refuge  at  The 
Dalles  but  Mr.  Colburn  pushed  ahead  regardless  of  the 
Indians  and  arrived  at  his  destination  in  safety.  He 
took  as  government  land  his  present  place  already  des- 
cribed, and  here  he  has  labored  since.  Before  Latah 
county  was  set  off  from  Nez  Perces  county,  Mr.  Col- 
burn was  elected  county  surveyor  and  with  credit  to 
himself  he  discharged  the  duties  incumbent  upon  him 
in  that  capacity. 

In  May,  1866,  Mr.  Colburn  married  Miss  Mary 
M.  Henry,  who  died  on  February  8,  1871,  leaving 
two  children  Ruth  E.,  now  dead,  and  Harriet  M., 
a  teacher  living  at  home.  On  November  28,  1873, 
Mr.  Colburn  contracted  another  marriage,  Mrs.  Cas- 
sandra (Whitaker)  Morton  becoming  his  wife  at  that 
time.  To  this  union  were  born  Erne  B.  and  Pearl  V., 
deceased:  Grace  L.,  a  graduate  from  the  Pullman 
College,  at  Pullman,  Washington,  and  now  assistant 
principal  of  the  Waitsburg  high  school.  Mrs.  Col- 
burn had  four  children  from  her  former  husband, 
named  as  follows:  Clara  E.,  living  in  Spokane:  Cora 
M.,  in  Latah  county;  Ellen  E.,  living  in  Pullman, 
Washington;  Calvin"  H.,  also  living  in  Pullman.  In 
political  matters,  Mr.  Colburn '  always  takes  the  part 
of  the  intelligent  citizen,  and  is  ever  found  registered 
on  the  side  of  progress  and  good  government.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church  and  he 
affiliates  with  the  G.  A.  R.  Mr.  Colburn  is  now  en- 
joying the  golden  years  of  a  well  spent  life  and  is 
secure  in  the  good  will  and  admiration  of  his  fel- 
lows, while  his  life  is  exemplary  in  all  respects. 


JAMES  GRANT  is  one  of  Latah  county's  sub- 
stantial and  well  respected  agriculturists,  being  a  man 
of  great  industry  and  thrift  and  bestowing  his  labors 
with  wisdom  and  discretion.  During  the  early  days 
of  this  county  he'  labored  with  great  zeal,  carrying 
at  times  flour  fifteen  miles  on  his  back  while  he  made 
shingles  in  the  woods.  This  being  but  a  sample  of  the 
arduous  labor  undergone  by  the  pioneers,  such  as  our 
worthy  subject.  The  birth  of  Mr.  Grant  occurred  in 
Inverness  county,  Scotland,  on  April  5,  1845,  being 
the  son  of  Donald  Grant,  a  cabinet  maker.  James 
secured  a  good  education  from  the  common  schools 


and  in  1870  came  to  America,  landing  first  at  To- 
ronto, Canada,  whence  one  year  later  he  came  to  the 
United  States.  He  worked  in  the  steel  mills  in  Chi- 
cago for  two  years,  then  came  to  San  Francisco  in 
1873.  Three  years  were  spent  in  various  labors  in 
the  Golden  State  and  then  he  made  his  way  to  Ore- 
gon in  1878.  That  was  the  year  when  also  he  came 
to  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Latah  county.  He 
filed  a  preemption  and  afterward  a  homestead  on  his 
present  place,  which  is  one  quarter  section  of  good 
land  five  miles  east  from  Palouse.  It  is  now  the  family 
home  and  there  Mr.  Grant  has  labored  faithfully  for 
the  years  succeeding  his  advent  here.  He  has  a  good 
place,  fine  house,  and  commodious  barn,  well  selected 
orchard,  and  raises  timothy,  the  cereals,  and  also 
handles  some  stock. 

On  June  10,  1888,  in  Latah  county,  Mr.  Grant 
married  Miss  Ella,  daughter  of  Abijah  and  Rhoda 
Whittenback,  natives  respectively  of  Indiana  and 
Pennsylvania,  and  whose  children,  in  addition  to  Mrs. 
Grant,  are  named  as  follows :  Emma,  Alma,  William 
and  Mary.  Mrs.  Grant  was  born  October  n,  1854. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grant  there  have  been  born  two 
children,  Rhoda,  at  home,  and  Harry,  deceased.  Mr. 
Grant  had  one  sister,  Jane,  wife  of  W.  F.  Johnson, 
editor  of  the  Banffshire  Advertiser,  at  Buckie,  Scot- 
land. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grant  are  members  of  the  Metho- 
dist church,  at  Palouse,  and  are  substantial  in  the  sup- 
port of  their  faith  in  precept  and  example  and  con- 
tributions. They  are  highly  respected  and  esteemed 
people  and  maintain  an  enviable  standing  among  their 
fellows. 


THEADORE  RILEY.  It  was  in  the  year  1886, 
that  the  subject  of  this  sketch  made  his  way  into  the 
territory  of  Latah  county  and  after  due  search,  found 
the  spot  where  his  home  is  at  the  present  time,  home- 
steading  a  quarter  section  to  the  cultivation  and  im- 
provement of  which  he  has  devoted  his  time  since. 
His  farm  is  located  seven  miles  northeast  from  Ken- 
drick  and  produces  diversified  crops. 

Reverting  to  the  personal  history  of  Mr.  Riley,  we 
note  that  he  was  born  in  Jackson  county,  Kansas,  on 
August  9.  1860,  being  the  son  of  Allan  and  Elizabeth 
(Kline)  "Riley.  The  father  was  a  farmer  in  that  state 
and  the  family  remained  there  until  1875,  when  they 
made  the  journey  to  Washington,  landing  in  Whit- 
man county,  where  Pullman  now  stands.  The  father 
took  land  there  and  he  has  lived  on  it  since  that  time, 
being  one  of  the  real  builders  and  pioners  of  Whit- 
man county.  Our  subject  remained  at  home,  being 
educated  in  the  schools  of  Kansas  and  Washington 
until  his  majority,  when  he  started  for  himself. 

On  December  30,  1882,  Mr.  Riley  married  Miss 
Eva,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Barbara  Hull,  the 
nuptials  occurring  in  Moscow  and  the  following 
named  children  have  been  the  fruit  of  the  union : 
Jesse,  Frank,  Mathews,  Harry,  John,  Daisy,  Alva  T.. 
Gilbert,  and  May.  Mrs.  Riley  was  born  in  Kansas  and 
her  parents  were  early  settlers  in  Whitman  county, 
Washington,  where  her  father  resides  at  the  present 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


time.  Mr.  Riley  has  labored  here  for  many  years  and 
much  credit  is  due  him  for  the  faithful  manner  in  which 
he  has  performed  the  duties  of  the  pioneer,  and  he  is 
secure  in  the  esteem  and  respect  of  his  fellows. 


OSCAR  V.  MOREY.  Among  the  sturdy  sons 
of  toil,  who  have  made  Latah  county  to  enjoy  her 
present  state  of  prosperity  and  enviable  standing  in 
the  state,  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  gentleman 
whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph  and  who  is  one  of 
the  substantial  agriculturists  of  the  county,  owning 
a  quarter  section  of  fertile  land  seven  miles  north  from 
Kendrick,  which  is  the  family  home  at  the  present 
time. 

Mr.  Morey  was  born  in  Henry  county,  Illinois, 
near  Rock  Island,  on  August  7,  1859,  being  the  son  of 
Oscar  and  Anne  (Wolsey)  Morey.  For  ten  years  he 
remained  in  his  native  state  and  then  the  family. re- 
moved to  Bates  county,  Missouri,  where  they  farmed 
until  our  subject  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  Then 
he  stepped  forth  from  the  parental  roof  to  encounter 
the  battles  of  life  on  his  own  resources.  He  first  came 
to  Idaho  in  the  fall  of  1880,  locating  at  Bear  Ridge, 
on  a  preemption  one-half  mile  east  from  his  present 
home  and  later  a  homestead  a  little  farther  east  from 
that.  He  improved  and  tilled  them  until  1892,  when 
he  sold  them  both  and  purchased  his  present  place. 
He  has  as  fine  improvements  as  are  on  the  ridge  and 
he  is  one  of  the  thrifty  and  enterprising  farmers,  as 
his  premises  indicate,  gaining  good  dividends  of  crops 
from  his  skillful  management  of  the  soil  and  being  a 
man  of  unquestioned  integrity  and  standing  among 
his  fellows.  Mr.  Morey  has  a  good  orchard  of  three 
acres  but  devotes  his  land  mostly  to  the  raising  of 
wheat. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Morey  and  Miss  Emma, 
daughter  of  Adam  and  Augusta  Alber,  was  solemnized 
on  April  18,  1894,  on  Bear  Ridge,  and  they  have  been 
blessed  with  the  advent  of  four  children:  Clarence 
C,  Rena,  Ollie,  and  Clara.  Mr.  Morey  is  a  man  who 
takes  the  part  of  the  intelligent  citizen  in  the  affairs 
of  the  county  and  in  the  betterment  of  educational 
facilities,  and  is  a  valuable  member  of  society. 


CHRISTIAN  HANSON.  It  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  are  enabled  to  grant  to  the  estimable  gentleman 
and  industrious  farmer  and  patriotic  citizen  of  this 
county  a  representation  in  the  volume  which  chronicles 
the  events  of  Latah  county,  since  he  has  wrought 
here  with  faithfulness  and  display  of  wisdom  and 
thrift,  having  accumulated  a  goodly  holding  of  prop- 
erty by  his  hard  labor  and  careful  management.  Mr. 
Hanson  was  born  in  Lowland.  Denmark,  on  October 
13,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Hans  Jacobson  and  Enger 
Hanson,  both  natives  of  Denmark,  where  also  they 
died.  Our  subject  commenced  to  work  out  at  the  age 
of  nine,  having  gained  considerable  schooling  previous 
to  that  time.  He  would  come  home  each  night.  But 


when  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age,  he  worked  where  he 
could  only  come  home  once  each  week.  He  continued 
this  life  of  industry  and  hard  labor  until  the  time  of 
his  departure  for  this  country,  in  1892.  He  came  di- 
rect to  Latah  county,  where  he  worked  out  for  two 
years  and  then  bought  eighty  acres  of  land  and  in 
1902  bought  ninety-three  acres  more,  his  estate  being 
six  miles  north  from  Genesee.  Mr.  Hanson  has  a 
good  orchard  on  the  place  and  a  good  residence  and 
out  buildings,  as  barns  and  so  forth,  which  make  his 
farm  one  of  value  and  it  is  handled  in  a  skillful  man- 
ner and  produces  abundant  crops. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Hanson  and  Miss  Johanna, 
daughter  of  Swen  and  Christen  Johnson,  was  consum- 
mated in  1880.  Mrs.  Hanson's  parents  were  natives 
of  Sweden,  where  also  they  are  buried.  Mr.  Hanson 
is  a  man  of  industry  and  good  capabilities  and  also 
his  wife  is  a  true  helpmeet,  having  wrought  out  much 
income  for  the  home  by  her  industry  in  the  manu- 
facture of  butter  and  cheese  and  so  forth.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Hanson  are  not  allied  with  any  denomination, 
believing  in  the  scriptures  as  the  divine  word  and 
guided  in  all  their  ways  by  its  precepts  alone  and  their 
lives  are  as  lights  in  the  community,  being  faithful, 
kind  and  substantial. 


ALBERT  HOWELL.  This  intelligent  agri- 
culturist has  added  his  faithful  and  wisely  directed 
labor  for  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  Latah 
county,  while  he  has  wrought  out  for  himself  in  the 
business  world  a  good  success.  Mr.  Howell  was  born 
in  Morgan  county.  Indiana,  on  August  22,  1860.  His 
father,  William  D.  Howell,  married  Miss  Sarah  J.  Oil- 
ley,  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  to  them  were  born: 
Dora  A.,  deceased :  Edwin,  living  in  Latah  county ; 
Franklin,  also  living  in  Latah  county;  these  in  ad- 
dition to  our  subject.  Mr.  Howell  enlisted  in  the 
Union  army  and  in  1866  was  taken  sick  in  the  army 
and  died.  The  mother  married  Mr.  Ruclcl,  and  to 
them  were  born:  Charlie,  deceased:  Lethia  J.,  wife 
of  Birt  Crooks,  in  Latah  county.  Following  this 
last  marriage  the  family  removed  to  Indianapolis  and 
remained  there  two  years  and  then  a  move  was  made 
to  Tipton  county,  where  eight  years  were  spent,  after 
which,  in  1877,  they  all  came  to  Kansas  and  settled  in 
Wilson  county.  There  they  engaged  in  farming  and 
remained  for  ten  years.  Our  subject  remained  on  the 
farm  with  his  step-father.  In  1888,  they  all  sold  out 
and  came  west,  landing  first  in  Colfax,  Washington, 
whence  they  removed  to  Palouse.  About  that  time, 
our  subject  took  a  preemption  claim  which  has  been 
his  family  home  since.  It  lies  four  miles  southeast 
from  Palouse  and  is  well  improved  and  produces 
abundant  crops  under  the  wise  husbandry  of  the  owner. 
Mr.  Howell  raises  cattle,  horses,  and  hogs,  practices 
diversified  farming,  raising  alfalfa  and  brome  grass, 
having  also  a  good  orchard.  His  place  has  comfort- 
able buildings  "and  is  one  of  the  fine  farms  of  the 
section. 

On    January    T,    1882,    at    Coyville,    Kansas,    Mr. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


699 


Howeil  married  Miss  Mary  L.,  daughter  of  Napoleon 
and  Mary  L.  Sharrai.  The  father  was  a  carpenter  and 
Mrs.  Ho'well  was  born  in  Topeka,  Kansas,  on  May 
22,  1866.  The  children  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howeil 
are  named  as  follows :  Nettie  M.,  Ada  E.,  Dora  A., 
deceased,  Eva  J.,  Bertha  A.,  Alary,  Etta  O.,  Josie, 
Willis,  deceased,  Ralph,  Alva,  Hattie,  Albert  C.  The 
children  are  at  home  and  attending  school.  In  the 
winters  Mr.  Howeil  moves  to  Palouse  for  school  ad- 
vantages. Mr.  Howeil  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W., 
Star  Camp,  No.  97,  at  Palouse,  and  his  wife  is  a 
member  of  the  Circle.  Mr.  Howeil  pays  much  atten- 
tion to  the  advancement  of  the  educational  interests 
and  has  given  faithful  service  on  the  school  board. 
He  is  a  man  of  careful  and  wise  ways,  possessed  of 
vigor  and  enterprise  and  is  one  of  the  respected  and 
substantial  citizens  of  the  county. 


ISAAC  \Y.  LAZELLE.  In  numbering  the  lead- 
ing farmers  of  Latah  county,  there  must  not  be  fail- 
ure to  mention  the  estimable  gentleman  whose  name 
appears  above,  since  he  has  labored  here  for  many 
years  and  his  wise  efforts  of  industry  have  been  fit- 
tingly crowned  in  abundant  success  in  financial  hold- 
ings, while  he  stands  high  among  his  fellows  as  a 
man  of  integrity  and  sound  principles.  Isaac  W.  was 
born  in  Cattaraugus  county,  New  York,  on  May  15, 
1858,  being  the  son  of  Sumner  C.  and  Malinda 
(Angle)  Lazelle.  The  father  was  born  in  Vermont 
in  1819  and  is  now  living  in  Latah  county,  in  his 
eighty-fourth  year.  The  mother  was  a  native  of  New 
York  and  was  born  in  1825.  The  other  children  of 
this  worthy  couple  are  named  as  follows:  Inez  E., 
at  home  with  her  father  in  Latah  county ;  Cynthia  M., 
wife  of  Wm.  Eddy,  in  Whitman  county,  Washington ; 
Charles  F.,  on  the  old  home  place;  Oscar  W.,  in 
Okanogan  county,  Washington.  Isaac  W.  remained 
in  New  York  with  his  parents  until  1873,  then  the 
family  came  to  Nevada  county,  California,  where  the 
father  engaged  in  lumbering  and  our  subject  worked 
with  him  until  1877,  at  which  time  they  bought  teams 
and  came  overland  to  Latah  county.  The  father  took 
his  present  place  as  a  homestead  and  in  1880  Isaac  W. 
preempted  his  place.  It  lies  three  miles  east  from 

he  proved  up  on  the  place  and  since  that  time  it  has 
been  his  home. 

On  January  8,  1888,  Mr:  Lazelle  married  Miss 
Ruby,  daughter  of  Walter  and  Caroline  McLam,  re- 
tired farmers  living  in  Palouse.  To  this  happy  union 
there  have  been  born  the  following  children :  Walter, 
Hazel,  and  Warren  H.,  all  at  home  and  attending 
school.  Mrs.  Lazelle  was  born  in  Isabella  county, 
Michigan,  on  September  12,  1862,  and  she  has  brothers 
and  sisters  as  follows:  Evaline,  wife  of  A.  Harvey, 
and  living  in  Latah  county;  Frank  C.,  living  in  Pa- 
louse  ;  Ella,  wife  of  A,  W.  Littke,  living  in  Palouse. 
Mr.  Lazelle  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  In  school 
matters  he  is  much  interested  and  has  served  on  the 
board  of  directors  for  three  terms.  The  farm  of  our 


subject  is  one  of  value  and  is  handled  in  a  capable 
and  excellent  manner,  and  produces  abundant  returns 
of  the  cereals  and  fruits.  In  1884  Mr.  Lazelle  made 
a  trip  to  Humbold  county,  California,  and  for  nine 
months  there  he  was  attending  to  his  interests  in  the 
lumber  woods.  He  is  a  man  of  stanch  worth  of 
character  and  has  always  maintained  an  untarnished 
reputation  and  been  faithful  in  laboring  for  the  general 
welfare  of  the  county. 


GEORGE  W.  ANDERSON.  Three  and  one-half 
miles  southeast  from  Palouse  is  situated  the  fine  farm 
of  the  subject  of  this  article.  It  consists  of  one  hun- 
dred and  twelve  acres  of  fertile  lands  which  is  pro- 
ductive of  rich  returns  in  crops,  because  of  the  skill- 
ful husbandry  of  the  proprietor.  The  residence  is  an 

while  commodious  barns,  out  buildings  and  so  forth 
add  beauty  and  value  to  the  establishment.  Mr. 
Anderson  has  fine  orchards,  practices  diversified  farm- 
ing and  is  setting  much  of  his  ground  to  grasses. 

George  W.  Anderson  was  born  in  New  York,  near 
Malone,  on  November  12,  1858,  being  the  son  of 
Rufus  and  Amelia  (Freeze)  Anderson.  The  father 
was  a  native  of  New  York,  born  in  1827,  gave  his  at- 
tention to  farming  and  now  lives  in  Palouse,  Washing- 
ton. The  mother's  parents  are  both  dead  and  we  are 
not  favored  with  their  names.  To  this  worthy  couple 
there  have  been  born,  in  addition  to  the  subject  of  this 
article,  Amelia,  wife  of  George  Degowin ;  Rufus  J., 
living  at  Weippe,  Idaho;  Enos,  living  at  Malone, 
New  York ;  Ruth,  at  Westville,  New  York ;  Edward, 
in  Palouse.  Our  subject  remained  at  home  with  his 
parents  until  1872,  then  farmed  for  himself  and  in 
1888  went  to  Michigan.  In  1883,  the  parents  came 
to  the  vicinity  of  Palouse  and  settled  and  in  1891, 
George  W.  came  west  and  engaged  in  farming  and  in 
1896  he  selected  his  present  place,  three  and  one-half 
miles  southeast  from  Palouse.  Here  he  has  bestowed 
his  labors  since  that  time,  doing  both  general  farming 
and  fruit  raising,  handling  also  stock. 

On  December  10,  1882,  Mr.  Anderson  married 
Miss  Emma  Degowin,  in  New  York,  and  they  have 
become  the  parents  of  one  son,  Russell  E.  Mrs.  Ander- 
son was  born  in  Constable,  New  York,  on  April  28, 
1855,  being  the  daughter  of  William  and  Mary 
Degowin,  farmers  of  New  York  state.  Her  brothers 
and  sisters  are  named  below.  Harriett,  living  in 
Sheboygan,  Michigan;  George  in  Palouse:  William 
A.,  in'Constable,  New  York;  Fred,  in  Chicopee  Falls, 
Massachusetts;  Carrie;  Elmer;  Isaac:  John,  in  Con- 
stable, New  York.  Mr.  Anderson  is  active  in  politics 
but  does  not  desire  public  office,  for  being  elected 
justice  of  the  peace  in  IQOI  he  refused  to  qualify,  but 
has  served  as  road  supervisor.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church  in  Palouse  and  are 
highly  esteemed  there  as  in  all  their  associations. 
Mr.  Anderson  is  greatly  interested  in  school  advan- 
tages and  always  advocates  the  highest  tax  for  fur- 
thering them. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


CHARLES  CHANDLER  is  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Chandler  &  Davis,  liverymen,  of  Kendrick, 
who  do  a  thriving  business  and  handle  a  full  equip- 
ment of  fine  rigs  and  horses.  They  are  especially 
zealous  in  the  care  of  their  business  that  their  patrons 
should  receive  proper  attention  and  are  solicitous  to 
this  end  by  wise  management  and  providing  the  best 
equipments  and  horses.  The  immediate  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  Ohio,  on  Sep- 
tember 19,  1871,  being  the  son  of  Stephen  H.  and 
Josephine  (Klapp)  Chandler.  The  father  was  a 
farmer  and  remained  in  the  native  place  until  the  death 
of  his  wife,  which  occurred  when  Charles  was  twelve 
years  of  age.  Then  the  family  removed  to  Howard, 
Elk  county,  Kansas,  and  four  years  later  they  went 
thence  to  Sedgwick  county,  in  the  same  state,  and 
there  our  subject  remained,  laboring  at  farming  un- 
til he  was  twenty-one  years  old  and  then  he  came  to 

land,  until  the  fall  of  1901,  when  in  company  with 
S.  Davis,  he  purchased  the  livery  barn  above 
mentioned,  from  J.  S.  Crocker.  They  are  doing  a 
splendid  business  and  are  building  up  a  large  patron- 
age. 

In  fraternal  relations  Mr.  Chandler  is  affiliated 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Nezperce  Lodge  No.  37.  As 
yet,  Mr.  Chandler  is  quietly  pursuing  the  way  of  the 
celibatarian,  having  never  launched  on  the  sea  of 
matrimony.  He  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  men 
of  the  town,  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  all,  being  pos- 
sessed of  fine  ability,  good  executive  force,  and  domi- 
nated by  a  keen  sagacity  and  sound  principles,  while 
his  geniality  and  affability  have  won  for  him  many 
friends. 


LIVEY  J.  CHANEY.  Who  have  contributed 
more  to  the  wealth  of  Latah  county  than  the  farmers 
and  fruit  growers?  Of  this  worthy  class  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  is  a  representative,  having  a  fine 
farm  six  miles  southeast  from  Palouse,  where  he  raises 
fruit  from  twenty-five  acres  and  grain  from  the 
balance.  His  place  is  well  improved  and  handled  in 
a  skillful  manner.  March  i,  1864,  marks  the  date  of 
the  birth  of  Livey  J.  and  his  parents  were  Lewis  S. 
and  Martha  (Sly)  Chaney.  The  father  was  born  in 
1833,  in  Indiana  and  his  father,  Lewis  Chaney,  was 
a  native  of  Maryland.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Ohio,  in  1838  and  her  father,  George  Sly,  was 
a  farmer  of  that  state.  In  1872  the  family  came  to 
Kansas,  and  in  Greenwood  county  they  bought  land 
and  farmed  until  1879,  Livey  J.  attending  schools 
meantime.  Then  the  father  sold  the  farm  and  spent 
one  year  in  Colorado  in  hunting.  1880  was  the  year 
in  which  they  came  to  Latah  county,  settling  on  their 
present  farm,  purchasing  the  right  of  a  former  resi- 
dent. In  1886  our  subject  went  to  Shoshone  county 
and  preempted  a  quarter,  which  he  afterwards  sold. 
Aside  from  that  venture  he  has  nearly  always  made 
his  home  with  his  parents,  and  has  given  attention  to 

In  1889  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Chaney  and 


Miss  Minnie,  daughter  of  Louis  Reed,  and  one  child, 
Jesse  L.,  was  born  to  this  union.  Jesse  is  now  living 
with  his  grandparents  in  Oregon.  Mr.  Chaney  con- 
tracted a  second  marriage,  the  lady  becoming  his  bride 
being  Perlina,  daughter  of  Eli  Burcham,  a  farmer, 
now  deceased.  The  nuptials  were  solemnized  on  July 
4,  1891,  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  five  chil- 
dren :  Emery  Q.,  Sarah  E.,  Edith  M.,  Dewey  C,  Silvey, 
all  at  home.  The  brothers  of  Mrs.  Chaney  are  named 
below :  Eli,  Milton,  John,  and  Thomas.  Mr.  Chaney's 
brothers  and  sisters  are :  George,  living  in  Latah  coun- 
ty; Sarah,  wife  of  Abraham  Dewese,  living  in  Pa- 
louse;  Douglas,  deceased.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chaney  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church.  They  are  valuable 
members  of  society,  have  always  labored  for  the  up- 
building of  the  community  and  have  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  all  who  know  them. 


HOMER  A.  THOMAS.  To  this  veteran  of  many 
conflicts  on  life's  battle  field,  and  pioneer  worker  in 
Latah  county  and  many  other  frontier  places,  we  are 
constrained  to  grant  a  representation  in  this  volume, 
since  he  is  one  of  the  men  who  have  made  good  suc- 
cess in  labor.  He  has  always  maintained  an  unsullied 
reputation  and  is  one  of  the  highly  esteemed  men  of 
the  community.  Homer  A.  was  born  in  Allegany 
county,  New  York,  being  the  son  of  Edward  and  Polly 
(Bacon)  Thomas,  natives  of  Vermont.  The  date  of 
our  subject's  birth  was  December  7,  1835.  The  par- 
ents removed  to  Richland  county,  Ohio,  in  1845,  and 
thence  to  Platteville,  Wisconsin,  in  1851.  The  father 
farmed  there  and  was  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
section.  There  the  mother  died  in  1888  and  in  1897, 
ihe  father  also  died,  aged  ninety-two  years,  and  they 
sleep  in  the  Platteville  cemetery.  Homer  A.  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  in  the  various  sections 
where  he  resided  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-four  left 
the  parental  roof  for  the  wide  and  unexplored  west. 
A  train  of  seventy-five  wagons  and  one  hundred  and 
fifty  persons  was  formed  to  go  to  the  Salmon  river 
mines,  in  Idaho.  This  was  in  1862  and  Mr.  Thomas 
was  one  of  the  number.  They  became  lost  and  hired 
a  man  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  to  pilot  them 
cut  of  the  wild  territory  to  Deer  Lodge,  Montana. 
They  finally  arrived  there  and  thence  to  Walla  Walla, 
arriving  in  September,  having  crossed  the  Rockies 
three  times  on  the  trip.  From  Walla  Walla  Mr. 
Thomas  went  to  San  Francisco  and  worked  for  one 
year  in  a  grist  mill,  then  freighted  for  a  year  and 
rented  a  farm  which  proved  unsuccessful.  Then  Mr. 
Thomas  took  up  the  operation  of  an  eating  house  on 
the  overland  stage  line,  continuing  in  the  same  for  two 
years.  Then  he  ran  the  Wayside  house  at  Soledad 
for  six  years,  afterwards  kept  a  boarding  house  in  San 
Luis  Obispo  for  a  year  and  then  we  find  him  again 
in  Walla  Walla,  where  he  worked  for  one  year  in  a 
grist  mill.  Following  this  he  spent  one  winter  in  Se- 
attle and  visited  Goldendale,  Washington,  and  there 
painted  for  two  years.  Thence  he  came  again  to 
Walla  Walla  and  later  took  a  homestead  where  he  now 


RESIDENCE  OF  HOMER  A.  THOMAS. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


resides,  six  miles  northeast  from  Genesee.  This  set- 
tlement was  made  in  1882,  and  six  years  later  he 
bought  an  additional  eighty.  He  has  a  fine  farm,  well 
cultivated,  embellished  with  excellent  residence  and 
all  good  substantial  out  buildings  and  barns  that  are 
needed,  orchards  and  so  forth.  Mr.  Thomas  has  fine 
cattle,  horses,  and  hogs,  having  the  Jersey  breed  of 
cattle,  Norman  horses,  and  Berkshire  hogs.  He  is  a 
leader  in  the  realm  of  stock  raising  and  farming  and 
is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Thomas  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  J. 
Dagget,  daughter  of  Acel  and  Eliza  (White)  Dag- 
get,. natives  of  Vermont,  whence  they  came  to  Illinois 
and  thence  to  Wisconsin,  where  they  died.  Mr. 
Thomas  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,'  and  for  three 
terms  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  and  then  he  was 
obliged  to  refuse  a  re-election,  being  determined  to 
rest  from  the  more  active  public  duties.  Mr.  Thomas 
is  a  man  who  has  labored  very  much  for  the  welfare 
and  progress  of  the  county,  has  always  been  upright 
and  faithful,  and  now  as  the  golden  years  begin  to 
run  apace  he  is  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  labors,  the 
respect  and  admiration  of  the  people  and  is  to  be 
commended  on  the  wisely  spent  years  of  a  useful 


BENJAMIN  F.  ALDRICH.  The  venerable  gen- 
tleman, of  whom  we  now  have  the  pleasure  of  writ- 
ing, is  one  of  Latah  county's  early  settlers  and  has  la- 
bored here  continuously  since,  in  the  good  work  of 
development  and  upbuilding,  being  now  one  of  the 
prosperous  agriculturists  and  orchardists  of  his  sec- 
tion. He  was  born  in  Springfield,  Vermont,  on  March 
13,  1822,  the  son  of  Benjamin  and  Hannah  Aldrich. 
The  father  was  a  tiller  of  the  soil  and  this  son  re- 
mained at  home  busied  in-  the  invigorating  labors  of 
the  farm  and  in  acquiring  a  good  education  until  he 
was  twenty  years  of  age  and  then  his  adventurous 
spirit  led  him  to  go  on  a  whaling  voyage.  After  the 
thrilling  and  arduous  experiences  of  that  trip  had 
whetted  his  appetite  for  further  acquaintance  with  the 
sea,  he  went  into  the  merchant  service,  where  he  com- 
pleted a  nine  year  ocean  service.  In  1852  he  came 
to  California  and  for  four  years  he  mined  and  pros- 
pected and  then  went  back  to  Wisconsin  and  thence 
soon  after  to  Minnesota,  settling  near  Austin,  Mower 
county,  where  he  farmed  for  twenty-one  years.  At 
the  expiration  of  that  time  he  came  west  to  The 
Dalles  and  one  year  later  from  there  to  Latah  county. 
Two  years  after  his  first  settlement  here  he  came  to 
his  present  place,  the  year  being  1880,  and  home- 
steaded  a  quarter  section.  This  land  lies  one  mile 
west  from  Juliaetta  and  in  the  intervening  years  Mr. 
Aldrich  has  improved  it  in  good  shape,  erecting  build- 
ings and  cultivating  it,  while  also  he  has  planted  a  fine 
orchard  of  ten  acres,  which  is  an  excellent  dividend 
producer. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Aldrich  and  Miss  Almira, 
(laughter  of  Jonas  and  Catherine  Boyer,  was  sol- 
emnized in  Mi'lford.  Wisconsin,  on  September  9,  1851, 
and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  the  following 


children  :  Francis  L.,  Harvey  C,  Allan  F.,  Edward 
deceased,  Willard  N.,  .Alary  A.,  Nellie,  Fred  B..  Anna 
L.  and  Rose  B.  Mrs.  Aldrich  is  a  native  of  New  York 
state.  This  venerable  and  worthy  couple  have  long 
trod  the  pilgrim  way  of  life  and  are  now  enjoying  the 
golden  time  of  life  amid  the  good  things  that  their 
faithful  labors  have  provided  and  also  they  rest  secure 
in  the  esteem  and  good  will  of  all  who  may  be  favored 
with  their  acquaintance,  being  good  people,  upright 
and  kind. 


HEZEK1AH  M.  SMITH.  A  resident  of  the 
thriving  village  of  J  uliaetta,  and  one  of  the  men  whose 
labors  have  made  our  county  what  she  is  today,  the 
subject  of  this  article  is  deserving  of  mention  in  any 
work  that  purports  to  give  biographical  review  to  the 
leading  citizens  of  the  county.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  being  born  in  Elk  county,  on  May  12, 
1847,  the  son  of  Benjamin  and  Eliza  (Micks)  Smith. 
The  father  was  a  farmer  in  that  section  and  our  sub- 
ject received  his  education  from  the  common  schools 
of  that  place  and  remained  on  the  home  farm  until 
he  had  reached  the  age  of  twenty-three.  At  that  time 
of  budding  manhood,  he  made  a  journey  to  the  west, 
finding  no  stopping  place  until  he  came  to  Columbia, 
Oregon.  One  year  later  he  came  thence  to  Idaho  and 
in  1871  he  came  to  Lewiston  and  for  the  next  seven 
years  he  followed  rafting  and  lumbering  on  the  Clear- 
water.  1878  marks  the  date  when  he  retired  from  that 
line  of  enterprise  and  went  to  work  in  a  butcher  shop 
in  Lewiston.  Four  years  was  the  time  of  his  service 
there  and  in  1882  he  came  to  Cedar  creek,  now  in 
Latah  county,  and  there  acquired  title  to  one-half 
section  by  preemption  and  homestead.  Upon  this 
piece  of  land  he  bestowed  his  labors  for  a  score  of  years 
and  then  sold  out  his  entire  interests,  including  stock, 
of  which  he  had  raised  much.  In  January,  1902,  he 
came  to  Juliaetta  and  purchased  his  present  home  in 
the  village.  He  has  a  fine  residence  and  a  small  tract 
of  land  and  he  devotes  his  time  to  gardening,  retiring 
from  the  more  arduous  duties  of  the  stock  ranch.  He 
has  a  tract  of  land  adjoining  the  town,  which  he  in- 
tends to  use  for  the  garden  purpose.  His  family  came 
to  Juliaetta  in  April,  1902. 

Mr.  Smith  married  Mrs.  Mary  Hilt,  a  native  of 
Connecticut,  in  August,  1894,  at  Kendrick,  Idaho,  and 
they  have  one  child,  Lane.  Mrs.  Smith  had  three  chil- 


AMON  K.  BIDDISON.  This  enterprising  and 
well  known  gentleman  is  one  of  the  leading  vine  dress- 
ers in  this  section,  having  a  vineyard  of  two  and  one- 
half  acres,  besides  considerable  more  that  is  being 
started.  He  dwells  in  the  village  of  Juliaetta.  owning 
a  block  upon  which  is  a  fine  residence,  also  has  an- 
other block  that  is  not  improved  and  twenty  acres  of 
fine  vineyard  land  that  adjoins  the  town.  Mr.  Biddi- 
son  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  being  born  near  Wilmington, 
in  Clinton  county,  on  September  18.  1852,  the  son  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


John  and  Nancy  (Martin)  Biddison.     His  parents  n 
moved  him  to  Iowa  when  he  was  two  years  old  an 

terville,  where  he  remained  with  them  until  his  twei 


Coffey  county,  near  Neosho  Falls,  and  there  he  re- 
mained until  1882,  when  he  sold  his  property  interests 
there  and  came  to  Idaho.  He  located  two  miles  north 
from  where  Troy  now  stands  and  in  partnership  with 
his  brother  purchased  a  sawmill  that  had  just  been 
built  there.  It  was  the  second  mill  erected  in  that  sec- 
tion. For  four  years  we  find  him  there  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  timber  products  and  then  he  went  to  farm- 
ing on  Big  Bear  creek.  He  remained  there  until  1897, 
when  he  again  sold  out  and  went  to  Columbia  county, 
Washington.  He  devoted  his  attention  to  raising  stock 
there  until  very  recently,  when  he  sold  his  entire  inter- 
ests there  and  came  to  Juliaetta,  where  he  purchased 
the  property  above  mentioned.  In  addition  to  handling 
his  vineyard,  he  devotes  much  time  and  attention  to 
raising  vegetables  for  the  market  and  he  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  men  of  this  section.  Mr.  Biddison  has  al- 
ways taken  a  lively  interest  in  political  matters,  and 
while  on  Big  Bear  creek  he  served  as  deputy  assessor 
for  the  years  1895-6-7.  Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  at  Pomeroy,  Washington. 

Mr.  Biddiscn  married  Miss  Nevada,  daughter  of 
William  and  Nevada  Fowler,  at  Centerville,  Iowa,  on' 
December  24,  1882,  and  they  have  the  following  chil- 
dren:  Crayton  S.,  Elmer  F.,  Noyes  A.  and  Olive. 
Mr.  Biddison  is  one  of  the  men  of  vigor  and  thrift 
who  have  done  much  in  the  real  building  of  our  county 
and  he  is  deserving  of  great  credit  for  his  wise  and 
vigorous  efforts  in  this  line,  while  he  has  also  exem- 
plified in  his  life  those  rare  virtues  of  worth  and  qual- 
ity that  characterize  the  real  man  of  principle  and  the 
patriotic  citizen. 


AUGUST  AND  CHRISTIAN  NELSON. 
These  worthy  and  industrious  men  are  brothers  and 
are  leading  agriculturists  of  Latah  county,  where  they 
have  displayed  in  the  past  years  commendable  zeal, 
enterprise  and  wisdom  in  the  prosecution  of  their  busi- 
ness, in  which  their  thrift  and  sagacity  have  brought 
them  good  success.  They  are  located  on  a  farm  sev- 
en miles  north  from  Genesee  and  have  a  fine  lot  of 
horses  and  sufficient  stock  for  the  use  of  the  farm. 
They  are  the  sons  of  Nels  and  Pemilla  (Jenson)  Nel- 
son, natives  of  Sweden,  where  also  they  remained  un- 
til the  time  of  their  death,  being  buried  in  the  W. 
Kasup  cemetery.  Christian  was  born  July  22,  1866, 
and  August  was  born  February  i,  1871,  both  being 
natives  of  W.  Kasup,  Sweden.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
Christian  started  for  himself  and  in  1892  he  bought  his 
father's  farm.  At  the  age  of  sixteen,  also,  August 
started  in  life  for  himself  and  in  1891  he  came  to 
America.  He  soon  discovered  that  this  was  the  place 
for  one  to  do  well  and  accordingly  wrote  to  his  brother 
to  come  hither,  which  he  did  in  1893,  after  renting  the 
old  home  place,  which  was  his  by  purchase,  as  stated 
above.  Thev  both  located  in  the  vicinitv  of  Genesee 


:md  for  several  years  they  worked  for  wages.    In  1898   \ 
they   rented   two  hundred   and   twenty-four   acres   of 
land,  which  they  still  occupy  and  farm.     In  1901  they 
raised  four  thousand  bushels  of  wheat  in  addition  to 

these  brothers  there  was  one  sister  in  the  family,  Han- 
na  Liberg,  married  and  living  in  the  old  home  place  in 
Sweden  and  she  is  the  rnother  of  five  children,  Nils 
Theadcre,  Martin  W.,  John  W.,  Anna  L.,  Lars  J. 
Christian  still  owns  the  farm  in  W.  Kasup.  These 
brothers  are  highly  respected  citizens  and  are  among 
the  leaders  in  the  art  of  farming  successfully,  having 
demonstrated  both  their  capabilities  in  this  line  as 
well  as  the  stanch  qualities  of  integrity  and  worth  of 
which  thev  are  happily  possessed. 


NOYES  B.  HOLBROOK  is  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  to  this  section  of  the  west,  and  since  his  ad- 
vent here  he  has  been  a  constant  and  prominent  figure 
in  the  development  of  the  various  resources  of  the 
country  and  in  the  management  of  the  political  affairs, 
in  which  he  has  always  evinced  a  great  interest,  and 
today  he  is  one  of  the  heaviest  property  owners  -of 
Latah  county  and  a  leader  in  its  business  world,  al- 
though of  late  years  he  has  retired  more  from  the 
activities  and  cares  of  business,  still  at  present  he  is 
in  charge  of  the  large  flour  mill  at  Juliaetta  and  also 
personally  supervises  his  various  estates  and  proper- 
ties. Mr.  Holbrook  came  from  far  away  Connecticut, 
being  born  in  Derby,  New  Haven  county,  on  March 
29,  1830,  the  son  of  Thomas  C.  and  Maria  B.  (Ben- 
ham)  Holbrook.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  our 
subject  remained  with  him,  assisting  on  the  farm  and 
gaining  a  good  education  from  the  public  schools  un- 
til he  had  reached  the  age  of  seventeen  and  then  he 
went  to  Bridgeport  in  the  same  state  and  there  learned 
all  the  branches  of  the  mason's  trade.  He  followed 
this  trade  in  various  parts  of  the  state  until  he  was 
twenty-three '  and  then  came  to  California,  via  the 
isthmus.  He  mined,  contracted  and  worked  at  his 
trade  for  eight  years  in  Marysville,  California,  and 
then  in  1862  came  overland  to  this  country,  making 
his  headquarters  in  Lewiston.  He  mined  and  pros- 
pected in  Montana  and  Idaho  until  1871,  when  he  took 
up  the  livery  business  at  Lewiston  and  for  fourteen 
years  he  followed  that.  Then  he  retired  to  look  after 
his  property  interests  in  various  portions  of  the  coun- 
try. He  had  much  live  stock,  two  good  farms,  seven 
dwellings  and  much  other  property.  In  1896  he  came 
to  Juliaetta  and  took  charge  of  the  grist  mill  there. 
He  built  the  mill,  it  being  the  first  building  in  the 
town,  and  sold  it  but  it  came  back  into  his  hands  and 
he  devotes  himself  to  its  management.  It  is  a  mill  of 
full  roller  process  equipment,  of  fifty  barrels  capacity 
per  day  and  is  run  by  water  power  . 

As  stated  before,  Mr.  Holbrook  has  always  man- 
ifested great  interest  in  politics.  He  was  mayor  of 
Lewiston  for  a  term,  during  the  Nez  Perces  war  in 
1877 ;  he  has  been  deputy  sheriff  for  two  terms ;  sher- 
iff one  term  :  county  commissioner  two  terms ;  and  has 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


always  been  elected  v  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  Mr. 
Holbrook  has  been  married  twice,  the  first  time  being 
in  1880,  at  Lewiston,  Miss  Eliza  Armstrong  becoming 
his  bride  at  that  time,  but  she  lived  only  two  years. 
In  1896  he  contracted  a  second  marriage,  the  lady  of 
his  choice  being  Mrs.  Eliza  Colwell,  and  the  wedding 
occurred  in  Vollmer.  Mrs.  Holbrook  had  three  chil- 
dren by  her  former  marriage,  two  married  daughters, 
and  one  son,  Fred  C.,  at  the  present  in  the  mill.  Mr. 
Holbrook  handles  much  wheat,  buying  and  storing 
and  shipping.  He  stands  as  one  of  the  leading  busi- 
ness men  of  Latah  county  today. 


JOHN  HALVERSON.  Surely  any  compilation 
having  the  province  of  portraying  the  lives  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  Latah  county  would  be  seriously 
at  fault  were  there  failure  to  incorporate  within  its 
pages  an  account  of  the  leading  and  estimable  gentle- 
man whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article  and  who 
has  demonstrated  in  such  a  commendable  manner  his 
ability  as  a  wise  husbandman,  upright  man  and  patri- 
otic citizen.  Mr.  Halverson  was  born  in  Sand,  Xor- 
way,  on  August  3,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Halverson 
and  Engeborg  (Johnson)  Halverson,  natives  also  of 
Norway,  where  the  father  died,  being  buried  at  the  old 
home  place.  In  1890  the  mother  came  to  the  L'nited 
States.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  town  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
went  to  sea,  following  this  vigorous  and  hardy  life  of 
freedom  for  five  years,  when  he  came  to  America, 
landing  on  Chicago  soil,  whence  he  soon  went  to  sail- 
ing on'  Lake  Michigan,  following  it  for  three  years. 
At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  came  to  Astoria, 
nd  the  occupation  of  fishing  engaged  hi 


in  Oregon,  and  the  occupation  of  fishing  engaged  his 
energies  for  nine  years.  Then  he  came  to  Latah  coun- 
ty and  took  a  homestead  five  miles  north  from  Gen- 
e'see.  He  devoted  himself  to  the  cultivation  and  im- 
provement of  this  farm  in  the  years  that  followed  and 
the  excellent  results  that  he  has  achieved  speak  loud- 
ly of  his  energy,  wisdom  and  untiring  care  for  busi- 
ness. In  1899  Mr.  Halverson  bought  a  quarter  section 
across  the  road  from  his  original  farm  and  now  he  has 

paid  for.  improved  in  a  becoming  manner,  and  each 
farm  having  fine  barns,  houses,  outbuildings  and  or- 
chards. Mr.  Halverson  is  the  most  successful  farmer 


half  thousand  bushels  for  one  year's  harvest  of  wheat, 
besides  other  products  of  the  farm.  He  has  a  goodly 
number  of  cattle,  horses  and  hogs.  Mr.  Halverson 's 
good  management  is  manifest  in  the  fact  that  he  has 
accumulated  such  a  fine  holding  without  a  dollar's 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Halverson  and  Miss  lenger. 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Julia  Johnson,  natives  of  Nor- 
way, was  celebrated  in  1882,  and  to  them  were  born 
six  children,  as  follows:  Henry  L,  Engle  M.,  Jennie  A., 
Antone  C).,  Ida  J.  and  Eddie  C.  In  March,  "1900,  Mr. 
Halverson  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  faith- 
ful wife.  Our  subject  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  sec- 


it  for  the  skill  and  < 


nifested  in  the  conduct 


iml  development  of  the 
s,  that  he  is  highly  es 
•ightly  looked  up  to' by  ; 


i  for  the  upbuilding 
his   fellows  and   is 


GEORGE  H.  SAWYER.  This  thrifty  and  enter- 
prising farmer  and  gentleman  is  a  valuable  citizen  of 
Latah  county,  being  both  a  man  of  fine  capabilities  and 
of  good  business  talent,  and  also  one  of  those  who  have 
labored  well  here  for  the  advancement  of  the  coun- 
ty's interests  and  the  development  of  its  resources. 
His  father,  Mark  Sawyer,  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
on  September  28,  1813,  and  died  in  1884.  He  was  a 
county  commissioner  of  Yam  Hill  county,  Oregon, 
where"  he  did  good  work  for  the  advancement  of  the 
country.  This  gentleman  married  Miss  Susana  James, 
n  native  of  Indiana,  born  October  22,  1821,  and  died 
in  1895.  To  this  union  were  born  our  subject,  on  No- 
vember 20,  1847,  in  Linn  City,  Oregon ;  Ellis,  wife  of 
M.  B.  Hendrick,  and  living  in  McMinnville,  Oregon; 
Margaret,  now  deceased,  being  formerly  wife  of  Dan- 
iel Osborne:  Almira.  widow  of  Truman  Sherwood, 
:md  now  living  in  Eugene,  Oregon ;  Jordan,  deceased ; 
[ohn  R..  in  Portland:  Andrew  J.,  at  Philomath,  Ore- 
gon; Evangeline,  wife  of  John  Smith,  in  Yam  Hill 
county,  Oregon;  Jane,  wife  of  George  Michael,  in 
Yam  Hill  county ;  Franklin  L.,  deceased ;  Arthur  W., 
deceased;  Damon;  Mark  E.,  deceased;  Emmet,  de- 
ceased. Our  subject  came  with  his  parents  to  Yam 
Hill  county,  Oregon,  in  1847,  and  the  father  took  up 
donation  land  there  in  1849.  George  H.  remained  in 
the  Web- foot  state  until  1883  and  then  removed  to 
Latah  county,  taking  government  land,  to  which  he 
bought  the  right  of  another.  He  has  resided  on  this 
land  continuously  since  that  time  and  has  it  well  im- 
proved. He  has  added  by  purchase  until  he  owns 
one  half  section.  Wheat  and  oats  form  the  staple 
crop  and  three  orchards  produce  abundant  fruit,  vv,..,e 


pr 
iim  the  proprietor  a  man  of  thrift  and  cai 


nd  i 


Mr.  Sawyer  married  Miss  Itha  Gant,  on  October 
30,  1870,  in  Yam  Hill  county,  Oregon,  and  they  have 

Laura  ll.,'  wife  of  Enoch  S.  Reeves,  living  in  Peck,  Id- 
aho, and  mother  of  the  following  children,  Millie  M., 
Pearl  A.,  Rubena  M..  Enoch  L..  Elmer  S.,  deceased, 
who  had  one  child,  Jessie  E..  having  married  Edith 
.Miller:  Charlie  F.,  attending  high  school  and  uni- 
versity at  Moscow.  Mrs.  Sawyer  was  born  near  Sher- 
idan. Yam  Hill  county.  October  14,  1853,  and  she  has 
brothers  and  sisters  named  as  follows :  John  W..  in 
Yam  Hill  county ;  Martha  A.,  wife  of  W.  J.  Sargeant, 
of  Yam  Hill  county;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  T.  15.  Mitchell, 
and  living  in  Chehalis,  Washington;  Mary  E.,  wife 
of  John  Hinkle,  in  Portland:  Henry,  living  at  Elk, 
Washington:  Canny  and  Albert,  deceased.  Mr.  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mrs.  Sawyer  are  members  of  the  Christian  church  at 
Palouse,  and  are  forward  in  supporting  the  faith.  Mr. 
Sawyer  takes  an  interest  in  school  matters,  always  la- 
boring for  advancement  in  educational  facilities,  while 
in  political  matters  and  all  that  pertains  to  the  welfare 
of  the  county,  he  is  ever  active  and  shows,  both  by 
thrifty  example  and  wise  counsel,  the  proper  walk  and 
wise  methods,  both  of  business  enterprise  and  public 
concern. 


JOHN  H.  HORTOX.  A  man  of  a  goodly  prop- 
erty, possessed  as  well  of  ability  and  executive  force 
which  have  made  him  a  prominent  citizen  in  the  county, 
while  his  walk  has  manifested  uprightness  and  sound 
principles  and  a  worthy  integrity,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  eminently  fitted  for  representation  in 
this  volume  of  Latah  county's  history.  Mr.  Horton  is 
a  native  of  Wayne  county,  Tennessee,  being  born  on 
December  4,  1854,  the  son  of  George  and  Jane  (Pigg) 
Horton.  The  father  of  John  H.  was  a  farmer  born 
in  Tennessee  in  1820,  and  his  father  was  a  native  of 
England.  Mrs.  Horton  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1822.  The  family  came  to  Searcy  county,  Arkansas, 
in  1859,  shortly  after  which  event  the  father  was  called 
hence  by  death.  The  mother  bravely  held  the  little 
ilock  together,  providing  for  them  until  they  were 
able  to  meet  the  responsibilities  of  life  for  themselves. 
Our  subject  remained  there,  gaining  an  education  and 
laboring  with  the  others  until  1876,  when  he  started 
out  across  the  plains  with  a  train  of  twelve  teams  for 
the  west.  Part  of  the  time  they  were  alone,  he  and  his 
brother-in-law,  Neal  Bohanan,  but  they  had  no  trouble 
with  the  Indians  although  they  met  many  of  them. 
April  8  was  the  day  they  started  and  July  n,  the  day 
when  they  came  to  Latah  county.  John  H.  bought 
the  improvements  of  a  settler  to  the  land  which  is  now 
his  family  home  and  placing  a  homestead  right  on  it 
he  at  once  set  about  building  a  home  and  making  a 
farm  from  the  raw  sod.  His  industrious  labors  have 
met  with  proper  reward  for  he  now  owns  a  fine  es- 
tate of  four  hundred  and  thirty  acres  of  fertile  land, 
well  improved  with  orchards,  buildings,  and  which  pro- 
duces abundant  crops  of  the  cereals. 

On  February  23,  1875.  Mr.  Horton  married  Miss 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Lorenzo  D.  and  Lucinda  Jameson, 
natives  respectively  of  Missouri  and  Arkansas.  Mr. 

sheriff  of  Searcy  county  for  two  terms.  To  this  mar- 
riage there  have  been  born  nine  children,  Mattie,  de- 
ceased, George  E.,  Cordelia,  deceased,  Ralph,  attend- 
ing the  university  at  Moscow  with  George;  Jennie, 
Carrie,  Lucy,  Edna  M.,  John,  at  home.  Mr.  Horton 
has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows :  Nathaniel,  Sarah, 
Mary,  Ellen,  Martha,  all  in  Arkansas.  Mr.  Horton  is 
an  advocate  of  good  schools  and  labors  for  that  end, 
being  also  prominent  in  political  matters.  In  1898, 
he  was  nominated  for  county  commissioner  on  the 
Republican  ticket  and  was  elected  with  a  good  major- 
ity ;  he  was  renominated  after  a  faithful  service  of 
two  years  but  on  account  of  the  fusion  he  was  de- 
feated, but  by  only  thirteen  votes.  He  is  a  member  of 


the  Farmer's  Club,  while  he  and  his  wife  are  also  mem- 
bers of  the  United  Brethren  church.  Mr.  Horton 
does  not  believe  in  going  in  debt  and  does  not  prac- 
tice it,  consequently  he  is  free  from  all  worry  and  det- 


JASPER  P.  SHARP.'  This  enterprising  gentle- 
man is  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  Latah  county. 
His  estate  lies  five  miles  east  from  Palouse  and  is  one 
of  productiveness  and  is  handled  in  a  becoming  man- 
ner to  a  thrifty  western  farmer  of  energy  and  capabili- 
ties. Mr.  Sharp  has  done  his  part  in  the  development 
of  the  country  since  his  advent  here  in  1887  and  is 
one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  the  county.  The  an- 
cestral history  of  our  subject  would  be  " interesting, 
consequently  we  append  a  portion.  In  1808  Andrew 
Sharp  was  born  in  New  York  state  and  he  married 
Miss  Hester  O.  Hubble,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and 
whose  father  was  a  farmer.  They  removed  to  Wis- 
consin in  1850  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Green  Lake 
county,  taking  a  preemption.  In  the  spring  of  1859 
they  sold  out  and  moved  to  Woodson  county,  Kansas, 
taking  up  land  and  giving  attention  to  tilling  the  soil. 
On  July  12,  1864,  while  the  father  was  enroute  to  the 
Black  Hills  in  a  wagon  train,  he  was  massacred  by  the 
Indians.  At  this  same  time  Fannie  Kelly  was  taken 
prisoner  by  the  savages  and  detained  some  time  and 
after  her  release  wrote  an  account  of  the  thrilling  ad- 
ventures that  befell  her.  Our  subject  was  with  his 
parents  until  their  move  to  Kansas,  gaining  an  edu- 
cation at  the  various  public  schools.  He  remained 
with  the  mother  until  he  had  reached  twenty-one.  He 
enlisted  in  what  was  known  as  the  "Irregulars,"  troops 
responding  to  the  call  of  Governor  Lane,  and  to  use 
Mr.  Sharp's  own  words,  "We  stole  horses  from  the 
Cherokees  and  Missourians  and  raised  'commotion' 
and  then  the  company  busted."  He  continued  with 
the  army  until  the  close  of  the  war,  at  which  time  he 
look  up  land  on  Elk  river,  Kansas,  and  went  to  farm- 
On  September  21,  1862,  Mr.  Sharp  married  Miss 
Emma,  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Neely) 
Murden,  and  to  them  have  been  born  the  following 
children:  Cyrus  A..  Alice,  Charles,  Minnie,  all  de- 
ceased; Nettie  O.,  living  at  St.  Marys;  Myrtle,  wife  of 
A.  D.  Smith,  in  Latah  county.  Mrs.  Sharp  has  the 
following  brothers  and  sisters:  Rowland,  deceased; 
Nancy,  living  in  Iowa;  Elizabeth,  deceased;  Frances, 
living  in  Missouri ;  Aris,  deceased ;  William,  deceased  ; 
Scott,  in  Oklahoma.  Mr.  Sharp  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  Delila  A.  and  Pernina,  deceased ; 
Burbridge  D..  an  old  soldier,  now  deceased ;  Agnes, 
deceased:  Letta,  living  in  Moscow,  Idaho;  Lemuel, 
Pearl  and  Jaymon,  all  deceased.  In  1873  Mr.  Sharp 
sold  his  place"  in  Kansas  and  went  to  Coffey  county  in 
the  same  state.  Buying  land  he  tilled  it  until  1887.  at 
which  time  he  came  to  Latah  county.  Here  he  bought 
his  present  place,  five  miles  east  from  Palouse,  where 
he  is  doing  commendable  work  in  the  agricultural  art. 
Mr.  Sharp  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Ohio,  on  March 


JOHN  H.  HORTON. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


705 


21,  1842.  He  had  been  an  Odd  Fellow  for  years,  be- 
lieves in  good  schools  and  holds  with  the  Socialists. 
His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church  and 
they  are  both  highly  esteemed  people. 


FRANKLIN  M.  BERRY.  A  good  citizen,  a  capa- 
ble man  and  an  enterprising  farmer  and  stockman,  the 
subject  of  this  article  is  worthy  of  representation  in 
this  volume  and  we  accord  space  to  him  with  pleasure. 
Mr.  Berry  is  one  of  a  family  of  ten  children,  the  date 
of  his  birth  being  April  24,  1841,  and  the  others 
named  as  follows :  Amanda  E.,  married  to  Bert  Craig, 
but  now  dead;  Matilda,  wife  of  Benjamin  Skallions, 
and  living  on  Deep  creek;  Thomas,  died  in  1870; 
Anna  E.,  wife  of  James  Carr,  and  then  of  Colonel 
James  Shadrick,  of  Arkansas;  Ira  J.,  in  Arkansas; 
Felix,  in  Arkansas;  Minerva  J.,  married  to  Green 
Brummett,  who  was  killed  in  the  war,  and  his  wife  is 

'  now  also  dead;  Reddick  H.,  died  during  the  war; 
Rachel,  wife  of  Joseph  Favors,  of  Arkansas.  Our 
subject's  parents,  Andrew  and  Minerva  W.  Berry, 
were  natives  of  Virginia,  the  father  a  farmer  and  the 
mother  being  born  in  1811,  and  her  mother's  name  was 
Rachel  Wiley.  In  1851  our  subject  removed  with  his 
mother  to  Arkansas,  settling  twenty  miles  south  from 
Pine  Bluff,  in  Bradley  county.  That  continued  to  be 
the  family  home  until  1874,  when  our  subject  came  to 
the  west,  locating  first  in  Yam  Hill  county,  Oregon, 
where  he  was  a  tiller  of  the  soil.  The  mother  joined 
him  in  1875.  In  1879  he  sold  out  his  property  in  Ore- 

;  gon  and  came  to  Latah  county,  taking  his  present 
place  as  a  homestead.  His  farm  is  located  four  miles 
cast  from  Palouse  and  is  well  improved,  having  excel- 
lent buildings,  good  orchard  and  produces  abundant 
crops. 

On  March  6,  1864,  in  Pine  Bluff,  Arkansas,  Mr. 
Berry  married  Miss  Missouri  A.,  daughter  of  James 
Willson,  a  farmer  and  carpenter  and  a  native  of  Hen- 
derson county,  Kentucky.  The  other  children  of  Mr. 
Willson's  family  were  Samuel  and  John,  both  died  in 
the  war :  Emma,  wife  of  Fred  Powell,  a  merchant  in 
Henderson  county,  Kentucky;  Nancy,  wife  of  Mr. 
D.  W.  Chance,  now  deceased.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Berry 
have  been  born  the  following  children :  James,  living 
on  Bear  creek  in  Latah  county  and  the  father  of  four 
children;  William  H.,  living  near  Moscow  and  the 
father  of  four  children;  Charles,  living  on  Bear 

I  creek:  Frank  I.,  living  near  Garfield,  Washington; 
Emma,  wife  of  J.  Campbell,  and  living  in  Latah  coun- 
ty; Minnie,  wife  of  G.  Campbell,  and  living  in  Latah 
county ;  Moses,  at  home.  Mr.  Berry  is  a  member  of 
the  Masons  and  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  takes  an 
active  interest  in  politics,  being  allied  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  In  educational  matters  he  is  always  labor- 
ing for  the  best  and  votes  for  tax  sufficient  to  make 
good  schools.  For  nine  consecutive  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  school  board.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church  and  are  faithful 
supporters  of  the  faith,  being  well  esteemed  and 
spected  by  all. 


PORTER  D.  SARDAM.  The  representative 
;tockman  and  farmer  whose  name  initiates  this  sketch 
s  one  of  the  enterprising  men  of  Latah  county,  own- 
ing a  half  section  of  good  land  five  miles  east  from 
Palouse,  where  he  does  a  general  farming  business, 
handling  also  considerable  stock.  He  believes  in  di- 

ified  farming  and  produces  everything  on  the  farm 
is  of  profit  in  this  section.  His  estate  is  well  im- 
proved and  kept  and  he  is  a  man  of  uprightness  and 
good  ability.  In  1816  W'illiam  H.  Sardam  was  born 
in  Litchfiefd  county,  Connecticut,  and  he  married  Miss 
Delia  Sardam,  daughter  of  Solomon  Sardam,  also  a 
native  of  Connecticut.  Miss  Delia  was  born  in  Litch- 
field  county  in  1818.  To  this  union  were  born  our 
subject,  on  January  18,  1853,  and  also  three  others, 
who  are  dead.,  named  as  follows:  Martin.  Philander 
and  Darius.  Porter  D.  was  born  on  the  same  farm 
where  his  father  was  born.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  went 
to  rustling  for  himself,  his  parents  both  dying  at  that 
time.  He  worked  on  the  neighboring  farms  until  he 
was  twenty-one,  and  then  started  for  Nebraska,  settling 
there  in  1874,  in  Madison  county.  For  eight  years 
he  tilled  the  soil,  and  then  sold  out  and  came  to  Pa- 
louse,  via  San  Francisco  and  Portland.  One  year 
after  landing  in  Palouse  we  find  Mr.  Sardam  in  Spo- 
kane, and  six  years  were  spent  there  by  him  in  the 
lumber  business,  after  which  he  came  to  Latah  county 
and  selected  his  present  place.  He  bought  a  quarter 
section  at  first,  and  later  has  added  as  much  more. 
1887  was  the  year  when  he  first  moved  onto  this  farm, 
and  he  has  lived  continuously  ever  since,  gaining  a 
good  success  in  his  endeavors  all  the  time. 

On  November  26,  1881,  in  Spokane,  Washington, 
occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Sardam  and  Miss  Kate 
A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Alice  Conner.  Her  father 
was  a  merchant  "and  farmer  and  a  native  of  Ireland, 
where  also  he  married,  his  wife  also  being  a  native 
of  the  Emerald  Isle.  To  them  were  born  Ellen,  de- 
ceased:  Julia,  living  with  Mrs.  Sardam;  Mary,  living 
in  San  Francisco;  Martin,  deceased;  William,  in  the 
Hoodoo  mines  ;  Margaret,  deceased  ;  and  Mrs.  Sardam, 
who  was  born  in  1854  at  Dobbs  Ferry,  on  the  Hudson. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sardam  have  been  born  two  children, 
—Gertrude  M.  and  Walter  R.,  both  dead.  Mr.  Sar- 
dam has  been  justice  of  the  peace  for  ten  years,  and  he 
has  always  been  active  in  the  political  matters  of -the 
county,  while  in  educational  affairs  he  is  a  warm 
advocate  of  the  high  tax  for  long  and  good  schools. 
In  religious  persuasion  he  is  identified,  as  also  his  wife, 
with  the  Catholic  church,  and  they  attend  in  Palouse. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sardam  raised  four  children  who  were 
her  sister's,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Kimball,  and  they  are  named 
as  follows:  Alice  M.,  now  Mrs.  T.  F.  Russell,  of 
North  Dakota;  Charles  J.,  John  C.  and  Gertrude  K., 
all  at  home. 


PETER  PAULS.  The  land  of  the  hardy  Norse- 
man has  furnished  the  United  States  not  only  the  true 
discoverer  of  the  western  continent  but  many  of  our 
best  citizens,  among  whom  must  be  mentioned  the 


7o6 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


estimable  gentleman  whose  biography  it  is  now  our 
pleasant  privilege  to  transcribe.  Mr.  Pauls  is  one  of 
the  substantial  farmers  of  Latah  county,  as  well  as  be- 
ing one  of  the  oldest  pioneers,  and  at  the  present  time 
he  is  living  on  the  original  homestead  that  he  took  be- 
fore Latah  county  had  a  separate  existence,  the  same 
having  been  increased  to  the  generous  dimensions  of 
three  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  fertile  soil.  The 
family  home  is  on  this  estate,  which  is  located  three 
miles' northeast  from  Genesee.  Mr.  Pauls  has  a  fine 
farm  in  every  respect,  good  land,  well  cultivated,  prop- 
erly laid  out,  good  buildings,  plenty  of  stock,  such  as 
horses  and  cattle,  having  especially  fine  horses  and  thir- 
ty-five head  of  meat  cattle,  while  everything  about  his 
abode  marks  the  thrift  and  wisdom  and  industry  that 
have  been  manifested  by  him  in  the  years  wherein  he 
has  labored  not  only  for  the  accomplishment  of  the  good 
purpose  of  making  a  fine  home,  in  which  efforts  he  has 
been  eminently  successful,  but  also  for  the  amelioration 
of  the  condition  of  his  fellows,  the  building  up  of  the 
country,  and  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  the 
county. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  personal  his- 
tory of  our  subject,  we  note  that  he  was  born  on  Aug- 
ust 7.  1848.  to  Xels  and  Truen  (Nelson)  Pauls,  na- 
tives of  Sweden,  where  also  Peter  was  born.  In  their 
country  the  parents  spent  their  lives,  and  they  now 
sleep  in  the  Vestre  Kaups.  cemetery,  there.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  Peter  started  a  sea  faring  life,  and  soon 
he  had  experienced  all  the  dangers,  hardships  and 
freedom  of  a  position  before  the  mast.  On  one  trip 
he  landed  in  San  Francisco,  and  after  a  stay  there  he 
came  to  the  Columbia  river,  and  thence  in  1877  to  the 
territory  now  embraced  in  Latah  county.  He  took 
a  homestead,  as  mentioned  above,  and  then,  fourteen 
years  later,  bought  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  acres 
more  of  land  adjoining,  and  this  he  has  made  into 
one  of  the  finest  estates  in  the  county. 

In  1886  Mr.  Pauls  married  Miss  Emely,  daughter 
of  Ole  P.  and  Johanna  Nelson,  natives  of  Sweden, 
and  eight  children  have  been  born  to  them,  as  follows : 
Arthur  L.,  attending  the  normal  school  in  Lewiston; 
Jarl  T.,  Bror  A..  Edward  F.,  Halmer  A.,  Clarence  R., 
Emel  V.  and  Oscar  F. 


BIRT  CROOKS.  This  enterprising  and  capable 
agriculturist  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  his  com- 
munity and  a  faithful  laborer  for  the  advancement  of 
the  interests  of  Latah  county,  where  he  has  put  forth 
good  efforts  for  a  number  of  years.  His  farm  of 
three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  is  situated  about  six 
miles  east  from  Palouse,  and  is  well  improved  and  one 
of  the  good  places  of  the  vicinity.  He  is  putting  out 
a  good  orchard,  raises  abundance  of  the  cereals  and 
is  one  of  the  thrifty  and  capable  men  of  our  county. 
In  addition  to  his  farm  he  handles  land  a  mile  east 
from  Palouse. 

Mr.  Crooks  was  born  in  Cattaraugus  county,  New 
York,  on  August  23,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Albert  and 
Miranda  (Spalding)  Crooks.  The  father  was  born  in 


January,  1841,  and  did  valiant  service  in  the  Civi 
war.  The  mother  was  a  native  of  Cattaraugus  county 
being  born  in  1845,  and  her  father  was  one  of  the 
thrifty  farmers  of  that  section.  Birt  was  educated  i: 
the  public  schools  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
started  for  himself,  going  to  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
labored  in  the  mills  for  three  years.  Returning  to 
New  York,  he  remained  until  1889,  working  in  the 
mills,  and  then  came  west,  landing  first  at  Palouse.  He 
worked  on  the  adjacent  farms  for  two  years,  then  took 
the  position  of  sawyer  in  the  mills,  and  in  1891  se- 
cured a  homestead  and  pre-emption  on  Bear  creek 
He  bached  there  for  two  years  and  worked  his  place 
and  then,  on  December  24,  1893,  he  took  as  wife  Mis 
Lithia  J.  Rudd,  the  wedding  occurring  at  Princeton 
Mrs.  Crooks'  father,  Bryant  Rudd,  is  a  farmer  1'  ' 
at  the  Cove,  Latah  county,  and  by  his  first  wife,  Sara! 
J.,  there  were  born  to  him  two  children,— Mrs.  Crooks 
and  Charlie,  deceased.  Mrs.  Crooks  has  the  following 
half-brothers:  Albert  Howell,  Ed.  Howell,  Fra  ' 
Howell,  James,  Tamsy  and  Alexander  Rudd.  Mrs 
Crooks  was  born  in  Tipton  county,  Indiana,  on  Decem 
ber  20,  1876.  Mr.  Crooks'  brothers  and  sisters  ai 
named  as  follows:  Ella;  Cora,  deceased;  Riley,  i 
Idaho ;  Minnie ;  Lee,  deceased ;  Lynn,  Geniae,  Lymai 
Lydia,  all  in  New  York  who  have  not  otherwise  been 
located.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crooks  have  been  born 
two  children,— Orville  and  Floyd.  Mr.  Crooks 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  Palouse  Lodge,  No 
47.  In  addition  to  his  general  farming  as  mentioned 
he  also  handles  a  threshing  machine  in  the  fall  of  the 
year,  and  is  a  skillful  hand  in  this  line. 


JOHN  H.  HARRELD.  About  four  miles  < 
from  Palouse  we  come  to  the  home  of  John  H.  Har 
reld,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  in  every  particular  tha 
is  to  be  found  in  the  county  of  Latah.  The  fai 
is  especially  valuable  on  account  of  a  meadow  tha 
is  subirrigated  and  produces  abundant  crops  of  fine 
timothy,  and  also  on  account  of  the  fertile  fields 
extra  good  buildings  that  adorn  and  make  the  place 
valuable.  The  residence  is  one  of  elegance,  being  a 
structure  of  modern  architectural  design  of  nine  rooms 
and  finished  in  the  most  desirable  manner,  while  the 
entire  premises  manifest  the  thrift,  good  judgment  a 
enterprise  of  the  worthy  owner. 

Mr.  Harreld  is  the  son  of  Cyrus  H.  and  Rebecca 
(Dunn)  Harreld,  and  was  born  in  Marion,  Grant  coun 
ry,  Indiana,  on  July  31,  1861.  His  father  was  born  i: 
Pennsylvania  in  1839  and  in  1863  enlisted  in  the  Unio: 
army,  and  died  in  a  hospital  in  North  Carolina  i: 
1864.  Our  subject's  mother  was  born  near  Marion 
Indiana,  in  1841,  and  died  in  1876.  Her  father,  John 
Dunn,  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  during  the 
famine  in  Indiana  he  freely  gave  corn  both  to  whites 
and  Indians.  John  H.  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  staid  with  his  mother  until  her  death,  and 
then  went  to  live  with  an  uncle,  who  removed  to 
Kansas  in  1879,  taking  this  nephew  with  him.  When 
our  subject  had  arrived  at  the  age  of  majority  he  went 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


707 


*  to  Puget  Sound  and  there  purchased  land,  which  he 
farmed  until   1892.  when  he  sold  out  and  went  on  a 
tour,  landing  in  'Latah  county,  and  bought  his  present 
farm.      As  stated  above,  it  is  subirrigated  from  the 
Palouse  river  and  is  a  very  valuable  piece  of  land.' 
Success  has  crowned  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Harreld  on 

•  account  of  his  thrift  and  industry,  and  he  is  blessed 
i    with  a  good  competence,  being  one  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  community. 

On  September  10,  1889,  at  Puget  Sound,  Mr.  Har- 
reld married  Miss  Alice,  daughter  of  David  and 
Frances  Fulk,  and  to  them  have  been  born  three  chil- 
dren,— Burr,  Howard  and  Lawrence,  all  at  home.  Mrs. 
Harreld  was  born  near  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  on  May 

:  21,  1873,  the  other  children  of  her  father's  family  be- 
ing: Delia,  Minnie,  Ad,  George,  Pearl,  Nettie  and 

;  Puget.  Mr.  Harreld  had  one  sister,  Delia,  wife  of 
Thaddeus  Shaw,  living  near  Marion,  Indiana.  Mr. 
Harreld  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  of  the  Fra- 
ternal Union  of  America,  while  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Christian  church  at  Palouse.  Mr. 
Harreld  takes  an  active  part  in  church  work  and  has 
served  as  member  of  the  church  board,  where  he  does 
efficient  work,  being  also  a  liberal  supporter  of  his 


A.  HENRY  ROBERTS.  A  capable  and  upright 
man,  skilled  in  various  callings  in  the  industrial  and 
commercial  world,  in  which  he  has  had  abundant  suc- 

I  cess,  and  possessed  of  those  qualities  of  worth  that 
make  the  leading  man,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
justly  entitled  to  representation  in  this  volume,  and 
we  accord  him  such  at  this  time.  A.  Henry  Roberts 
was  born  in  Bloomington,  Macon  county,  Missouri, 
on  March  4,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and  Eliza 
(Hull)  Roberts.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  died 

;  when  our  subject  was  three  years  of  age.  Then  in 
company  with  his  mother  and  brothers  he  was  taken  to 
Shelby  county,  Iowa,  where  the  family  resided  for  ten 
years,  when  another  move  was  made,  this  time  to 
Washington  county,  Kansas,  where  they  remained  fc 


three  \ 


and  then  the  mother  died,  i 


1867.     Aftei 


that  sad  occurrence  he  went  to  Iowa,  whence  a  couple 
of  years  later  he  went  to  Dallas,  Texas,  and  from  1871 
to  1873  he  was  engaged  on  the  Texas  Pacific  railroad 
there.  After  that  service  he  returned  to  Iowa  once 
more,  farmed  a  couple  of  years  there  and  in  1875  came 
west  to  Portland.  Two  years  were  spent  there  in  a 
shingle  mill ;  then  in  company  with  his  brother,  John,  he 
bought  a  steamboat,  the  Rescue,  and  one  year  they 
operated  it  between  Portland  and  Lewis  river,  then 
they  sold  out  and  for  a  time  thereafter  he  was  acting 
in  the  capacity  of  purser  on  the  Gazelle,  another  boat 
that  ran  from  Portland.  He  also  farmed  for  one  year 
at  about  this  time,  and  then  he  brought  into  requisition 
his  knowledge  as  a  carpenter  and  went  to  contracting 
and  until  1888  he  was  steadily  engaged  at  that  in  Port- 
land. In  the  year  last  mentioned  he  came  to  Latah 
county,  purchased  forty  acres  where  he  now  lives,  four 
miles  west  from  Kendrick,  and  has  devoted  his  time 
and  energies  to  fruit  raising  since  that  time.  He  has 


added  forty  acres  more  to  the  land  and  he  has  a  fine 
orchard  of  twenty  acres,  and  his  farm  is  well  improved. 

In  fraternal  relations  Mr.  Roberts  is  affiliated  with 
the  W.  of  W.,  at  Juliaetta,  Lodge  No.  203.  He  and 
his  wife  are  also  members  of  the  United  Brethren 
church  on  American  ridge. 

Mr.  Roberts  was  first  married  in  1880,  August  22, 
Miss  Samantha,  daughter  of  Price  and  Martha  Fuller, 
becoming  his  wife  then,  the  nuptials  occurring  in  Port- 
land, and  to  them  were  born  two  children, — Odessia 
and  Ralph,  both  at  home.  In  1889  Mr.  Roberts  was 
called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  wife.  On  April  16, 
1891,  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Roberts  and  Miss 
Melinda,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Christina  Hicken- 
bottom,  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  four 
children,— John,  'Ada,  Daisy  and  Yinnie.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Roberts  were  married  in  Glenco,  Oregon.  They 
are  highly  respected  people  and  stand  well  in  the  com- 
munity, being  enterprising  and  wise. 


PAUL  SCHARBACH.  The  brawn v  Teutons  built 
from  the  wilderness  of  central  Europe  one  of  the 
grandest  empires  now  upon  the  face  of  the  earth, 
and  many  of  the  sons  of  this  strong  land  have  found 
their  way  to  the  various  sections  of  the  United  States, 
and  among  the  descendants  of  this  number  is  to  be 
numbered  the  worthy  subject  of  this  article,  who  is 
today  one  of  the  stanch  citizens  of  Latah  county,  be- 
ing a  capable  man,  ever  displaying  integrity,  indus- 
try and  real  worth  of  character.  Paul  was  born  in 

his  parents,  Joe  and  Appelona  Scharbach,  natives  of 
Germany,  having  come  thither  in  an  early  day  and 
then  later  transferred  their  residence  to  Oregon,  where 
also  they  were  called  to  pass  the  river  of  death.  Our 
subject  came  to  the  Web- foot  state,  having  first  re- 
ceived an  education  from  the  country  schools  of  his  na- 
tive county,  landing  in  Marion  county  in  1884,  having 
also  been  working  out  on  a.  farm  in  Wisconsin  since 
his  fifteenth  year,  thus  being  rugged  and  replete  with 
valuable  experience  in  how  to  manage  a  farm.  He 
worked  in  Oregon,  purchased  a  farm,  tilled  the  same, 
until  1887,  then  sold  and  went  to  one  of  the  prairies 
of  the  western  part  of  the  state,  and  then  used  his 
right  to  take  a  homestead,  which  he  improved,  and 
where  he  resided,  raising  stock  and  devoting  himself  to 
general  farming,  until  1898.  This  last  date  marks  the 
time  of  his  advent  into  Latah  county,  where  he  first 
rented  a  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 


idred  ; 


where  he  lives  at  this  time,  six  miles  north  of  Gene- 
see.  He  raises  abundant  crops  on  this  farm,  has  a 
good  holding  of  stock,  is  well-to-do  in  the  line  of  all 
necessary  equipment  for  the  farm  and  is  one  of  the 
progressive  men  of  the  county. 

In  1887  Mr.  Scharbach  married  Miss  Anna  M., 
daughter  of  William  and  Henriette  (Mellmann) 
Baumgartner.  and  a  native  of  Germany,  as  also  her 
parents  were.  The  latter  came  to  Minnesota  and  in 
1885  came  to  Latah  county,  where  they  live  at  this 


7oS 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


time.  To  our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  there 
have  been  born  the  following  chidren :  Hubert  P.  N., 
Henriette  T.,  Alfred  W.,  Dora  E.,  Matthew  I.  and 
Caroline  F.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scharbach  are  devout 
members  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  and  are  sub- 
stantial members  of  society,  being  esteemed  by  all  who 
may  have  the  pleasure  of  their  acquaintance. 


WILLIAM  BARTROFF.  The  sturdy  and  inde- 
pendent nature  that  led  our  subject  to  break  the  re- 
straints of  the  contracted  conditions  of  the  native  land 
has  made  his  life  one  of  success  and  enterprising  labor 
in  this  country,  where  he  has  prospered  on  account 
of  his  wisdom  and  industry  and  skill,  being  also  a  man 
of  sound  principles,  and  dominated  with  a  sagacity  that 
is  becoming,  and  possessed  of  a  keen  discrimination. 
William  was  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  on  April  8, 
1842,  being  the  son  of  John  A.  and  Dora  Bartroff,  na- 
tives also  of  that  land.  At  the  early  age  of  fourteen 
years  he  came  from  the  old  country  to  New  York, 
where  he  learned  the  carpenter  trade,  at  which  he 
worked  until  the  time  of  the  Civil  war,  when  he  prompt- 
ly manifested  the  devotion  he  possessed  for  his  foster 
land  by  enlisting  in  Company  E,  Forty-fifth  New  York 
Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  at  Baltimore  when  the 
mob  occurred  in  1861,  and  was  at  the  second  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  and  also  fought  at  the  great  struggle  at 
Gettysburg.  Then  he  was  transferred  to  the  western 
army  and  went  to  Atlanta  with  Sherman,  and  after 
that  returned  to  Nashville,  being  in  Tennessee  until 
the  end  of  the  war.  After  an  honorable  discharge  he 
returned  to  New  York,  and  in  that  city  labored  at  his 
trade  until  1891.  That  was  the  year  in  which  he  came 
to  the  west,  locating  in  Latah  county.  He  purchased 
forty  acres  where  he  now  lives,  three  and  one-half 
miles  west  from  Kendrick,  and  here  he  has  devoted  his 
energies  mainly  to  raising  fruit.  He  has  fifteen  acres 
entirely  given  to  fruit  trees,  and  his  annual  return 
from  this  orchard  is  good.  He  has  good  buildings 
and  his  place  is  a  model  of  thrift  and  industry. 

Mr.  Bartroff  married  Miss  Emma,  daughter  of 
Aclolph  and  Terisa  (Earner)  Luger,  in  New  York,  on 
May  10,  1870,  and  they  have  been  blessed  by  the  ad- 
vent of  five  children —John  W.,  a  miner  at  Republic ; 
Clara,  Lizzie,  Mamie  and  Sophia;  also,  Katie,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  Mr.  Bartroff  made  a  mili- 
tary record  that  is  a  source  of  pride  to  him  and  his 
family,  rising  from  private  to  corporal,  and  later  he 
was  sergeant  in  the  Forty-fifth  regiment. 


ROBERT  S.  WHETST1NE.  In  a  work  of  the 
defined  province  of  the  history  of  Latah  county  there 
should  be  accorded  consideration  to  the  gentleman 
whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  this  epitome 
of  his  career.  Robert  S.  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Iowa,  on  February  16,  1858,  being  the  son 
of  John  and  Mary  J.  (Norman)  Whetstine.  The 


father  was  a  farmer  and  dwells  at  the  old  home  place. 
Our  subject  received  a  good  education  in  the  district 
schools    and    remained   with   his    father   in   the    farm 
work  until  eighteen  years  had  elapsed,  and  then  he  ] 
started  in  life  for  himself.      He  first  came  to  Oregon, 
where  he  remained  for  four  years,  visiting  different 
portions  of  the  state,  then  in  1880  he  came  to  the  re-  j 
gion    now    embraced    in'  Latah    county.       He    settled  j 
north  from  Troy  and  engaged  in  saw  milling  for  six  ] 
years,  and  most  of  the  early  houses  built  here  were 
from  the  output  of  this  mill.      In  1888  he  sold  out  his 
plant  and  bought  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  three 
miles  northwest  from  Kendrick,  where  he  owns  one 
hundred  and  twenty  acres.      He  does  a  general  farm- 
ing business  and  raises  considerable  fruit,  having  six 
acres  devoted  to  orchards. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Whetstine  and  Miss  Jennie, 
daughter  of  George  and  Mary  J.  (Mooney)  Price, 
was  solemnized  on  December  20,  1887,  at  Moscow. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whetstine  are  upright  and  capable  peo- 
ple, well  liked  in  the  community  and  are  leaders  in 
substantial  qualities  and  virtues,  while  they  are  ever 
on  the  side  of  progression  in  the  affairs  of  the  county  ; 
and  those  things  which  will  benefit  the  people. 


BARNEY  BROEMMLING.  This  capable  and 
enterprising  gentleman  whose  works  in  this  county 
have  demonstrated  him  to  be  one  of  the  substantial 

nently  deserving  a  representation  in  this  volume,  and 
it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  accord  such  to  him.     Mr.  j 
Broemmling  was  born  in  Albany,  New  York,  whither 
his  parents  came  from  Germany,  their  native  country. 
The  date  of  this  birth  was  July  8,  1853,  and  the  par- 
ents,  Rodger   and   Katherine    (Bruntz)    Broemmling, 
soon  removed   from   Albany  to  Kenosha,   Wisconsin, 
where  the  father  bought  and  sold  wood  and  ties  for  j 
five  years,  when  they  removed  to  Winneshiek  county, 
Iowa.      Thirty-one  years  were  spent  there  in  farming 
and  raising  stock,  when  another  move  was  made,  to  j 
Latah  county,  and  here  the  father  died  in  1896,  seven  i 
years  after  coming  hither.      His  remains  are  interred  J 
in  the  Catholic  cemetery  in  Genesee.      The  mother  is  j 
still  living  in  Genesee,  with  a  daughter.      1853  was 
the  date  when  the  parents  came  to  America,  and  1889 
the  time  of  the  removal  to  Latah  county.     Our  subject 
was   educated   in   the   village   schools   in   Winneshiek 
county,  Iowa,  and  there  remained  working  with  his 
father  until  he  had  attained  the  age  of  twenty-seven,   • 
when  he  determined  to  try  the  west,  and  accordingly 
went   to    California   in    1882.       He   was   busied    with   > 
various  avocations  for  a  time,  and  then  came  north  to  j 
Whitman    county,    Washington,    taking   a    homestead 
and  timber  culture  claims,  which  he  soon  sold,  as  the 
drouth  was  too  severe  to  permit  of  raising  crops.    He   '• 
came  thence  to  Latah  county,  rented  land  for  a  time, 
then  bought  eighty  acres,  after  he  was  satisfied  that 
the  country  was  good.     For  four  years  he  farmed  this 
tract  and  then  sold  it  to  his  brother  and  bought  an 
adjoining   quarter    section,    where   he   still    lives,    six 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


miles  northwest  from  Genesee.  He  has  a  good  farm, 
well  tilled  and  finely  improved.  Mr.  Broemmling 
has  demonstrated  that  he  is  a  capable  farmer,  and 
he  enjoys  annually  bounteous  crops.  His  brothers 
and  sisters  are  named  as  follows:  Herman,  married 
and  living  in  Genesee;  John,  married  and  living  in 
-  Genesee;  Gerhard,  married  and  living  adjoining  the 
,  farm  of  our  subject;  Katie,  married  to  John  Johann 
and  living  in  Genesee;  Johanna,  married  to  Pete  John- 
son, who  is  now  deceased.  Mr.  Broemmling's  broth- 
er, Gerhard,  came  west  with  his  parents  in  1889, 
bought  the  quarter  section  where  he  now  lives,  and 
where  he  has  since  operated  a  first  class  farm.  He 
was  married  in  1804  to  Mary  Brachtendorf,  a  native  of 
Germany,  and  four  children  have  been  born  to  them: 
Rodger,  going  to  school :  Lizzie,  Regeana  and  Peter. 
'  As  is  our  subject,  so  this  brother  and  his  family  are 
strict  adherents  of  the  faith  and  belong  to  the  Roman 
Catholic  church.  Our  subject  and  this  brother  are 
closely  allied  in  their  work  and  dealings  and  have 
wrought  thus  together  for  many  years,  and  they  are 
both  capable  and  upright  men  and  valuable  additions 
to  the  society  and  citizenship  of  Latah  county. 


FRANK  MAY.  This  gentleman  has  been  a  great 
traveller,  and  consequently  his  career  is  filled  with 
many  incidents  of  interest  and  covers  a  wide  range 
of  information,  of  which  he  has  taken  great  advantage. 
Mr.  May  is  a  man  of  great  capabilities,  and  has  mani- 
fested in  a  becoming  manner  his  ability  to  gain  the 
wealth  of  this  world.  He  came  to  this  section  of  the 
country,  took  a  pre-emption,  and  with  his  own  hands 
improved  it.  He  now  is  the  proprietor  of  eight  hun- 
dred acres  of  fine  soil,  which  he  lays  under  tribute  to 
produce  handsome  dividends  annually.  Mr.  May  was 
born  in  Port  Washington,  Wisconsin,  on  November 
17,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Mass) 
May.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  our  subject  re- 
mained with  him  until  the  age  of  sixteen,  having  ac- 
quired meanwhile  a  good  education  from  the  district 
schools,  and  then  he  started  out  for  himself.  He  first 
f  went  to  Waubeek,  Wisconsin,  and  there  learned  the 
trade  of  the  shoemaker,  in  which  he  became  very 
proficient.  With  this  as  his  capital  he  began  a  tour 
of  travels  and  investigation  and  before  1871  he  had 
explored  twenty-nine  different  states  and  territories. 
At  the  date  mentioned  above  he  found  himself  in  Al- 
bany, Oregon,  and  there  he  remained  for  eight  years, 
or  until  1878,  when  he  again  made  a  move,  this"  time 
to  the  fertile  region  now  embraced  in  Latah  county. 
He  came  to  the  spot  where  his  home  now  stands,  arid 
pre-empted  the  place,  and  as  stated  above,  the  pre- 
emption has  increased  to  the  princely  domain  of  over 
eight  hundred  acres  of  land.  This  is"  five  miles  north- 
west from  Kendrick.  Fifteen  acres  are  devoted  to 
fruits  of  various  kinds,  and  the  balance  of  the  land 
is  given  to  the  production  of  grains. 

Mr.  May  married  Miss  Elvira,  daughter  of  Mark 
H.  and  Martha  N.    (Geer)    Hobart,  on  August  20, 


1882,  in  White  Pine  gulch,  and  they  have  become 
the  parents  of  three  children,  Archie  A.,  Warren  H. 
and  Dora  G.,  all  at  home.  Mrs.  May  is  a  native  of 
Illinois,  and  her  father  was  one  of  the  early  settlers 
of  this  county.  To  Mr.  May  there  is  much  credit  due 
for  the  faithful  labors  and  wise  counsels  that  have 
emanated  from  him  for  the  last  quarter  of  a  century 
in  his  endeavors  to  assist  in  the  upbuilding  of  this 
section  of  the  country,  and  he  has  been  eminently 
successful  in  all  this  as  in  the  business  enterprises  that 
have  been  the  work  of  his  hands. 


FRANK  CAMPBELL.  The  subject  of  this 
article  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  county,  a  large 
real  estate  holder,  a  capable  and  enterprising  business 
man  and  highly  esteemed  and  popular  throughout  the 
entire  county,  having  held  the  office  of  sheriff  for 
two  years  subsequent  to  1894,  being  elected  on  the 
Populist  ticket.  In  this  position  he  gave  efficient  and 
satisfactory  service  to  all.  Mr.  Campbell  has  a  farm 
of  four  hundred  acres  three  miles  east  from  Palouse, 
and  has  it  well  improved  with  good  buildings,  and  as 
fast  as  possible  he  is  turning  the  entire  estate  into 
the  production  of  general  crops,  rather  than  farming 
to  wheat  alone.  For  a  number  of  years  Mr.  Campbell 
has  been  a  member  of  the  school  board,  and  he  always 
votes  the  highest  tax  for  the  assistance  of  the  cause 
of  education. 

The  birth  of  Mr.  Campbell  occurred  on  May  3, 
1842,  in  Sangamon  county,  Illinois,  being  the  son  of 
Robert  and  Mary  (Hill)  Campbell.  The  father  was 
a  blacksmith  and  farmer,  born  in  South  Carolina  on 
January  i,  1800,  while  the  mother  was  a  native  of 
North  Carolina,  born  in  Cabarrus  county.  He  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  1866,  and  then  went  to 
Wilson  county,  Kansas,  and  the  following  year  his 
parents  came  there  also.  He  took  one  claim  and  gave 
it  to  his  brother  and  then  secured  a  farm  which  he 
tilled  until  1889,  when  he  sold  out,  chartered  a  car 
and  brought  his  goods  to  the  west.  He  landed  at 
Pullman,  then  went  to  Palouse,  renting  a  farm  for 
one  year,  and  then  in  the  fall  bought  his  present  place, 
and  has  lived  here  ever  since. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Campbell  and  Miss  Kate, 
daughter  of  Richard  Bradley,  a  farmer  of  Kansas, 
was  solemnized  on  October  27,  1869,  and  in  1876  Mrs. 
Campbell  was  called  to  pass  away,  leaving  the  follow- 
in?  children:  George,  married  to  Minnie  Berry  and 
living  in  Latah  county ;  Mary,  deceased.  On  March 
12,  1878,  Mr.  Campbell  contracted  a  second  mar- 
riage, the  lady  being  Miss  Millie,  daughter  of  James 
C.  Hall,  a  merchant  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  and  to 
them  there  has  been  born  one  son,  Walter,  working 
on  the  farm.  Mr.  Campbell  has  the  following  broth- 
ers and  sisters:  Samuel,  deceased;  Wiley,  at  Pull- 
man ;  Nancy  J..  married  to  W.  Williamson,  and  liv- 
ing in  Kansas ;  Green  L.,  deceased :  James  H.,  lives 
in  Kansas;  John  H.  and  Robert  C,  twins,  both  of 
whom  are  dead.  Mrs.  Campbell's  brothers  and  sis- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ters  are  named  thus :  Henry,  John,  James,  Walter, 
Albert,  Charles  B.,  Cora,  Clark,  Mary  and  Lizzie. 
Mrs.  Campbell  was  born  in  Sangamon  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  May  26,  1844.  At  the  time  of  the  Civil 
war  Mr.  Campbell  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Tenth 
Illinois  Cavalry,  on  August  16,  1862.  He  did  some 
hard  fighting,  was  at  the  siege  of  Yicksburg,  went  on 
the  Louisiana  raids,  was  on  the  Little  Rock  cam- 
paign, and  in  June.  1865,  he  was  mustered  out  at  New 
Orleans,  having  the  satisfaction  that  he  had  faithfully 
served  his  country,  made  a  fine  record  and  had  as- 
sisted to  stem  the  tide  of  treason.  Mr.  Campbell 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  Palouse  Lodge, 
No.  47,  where  he  is  as  popular  as  in  his  standing 


thn 


ghout  the 


LEWIS  SISK  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of 
Latah  county,  coming  here  in  1877,  and  locating,  on 
July  25  of  that  year,  a  pre-emption,  and  later  he  added 
another  quarter  section  by  the  homestead  right,  where 
he  now  lives,  and  the  home  place  is  one-half  section 
of  very  valuable  land,  well  improved  with  good  resi- 
dence, barns  and  out  buildings  and  orchards,  and  all 
accessories  that  make  a  rural  abode  a  place  of  comfort 
and  valuable  dividend  producer.  In  addition  to  this 
half  section  Mr.  Sisk  has  enough  valuable  land  to 
make  eight  hundred  acres,  which  he  oversees  and  han- 
dles himself.  He  is  one  of  the  heaviest  land  owners 
of  the  entire  country,  and  his  wisdom  and  careful 
management  make  him  a  man  to  whom  his  neighbors 
look  for  advice  and  in  whom  they  confide. 

Alexander  Sisk,  a  farmer  and  stockman,  born 
near  Newport,  Tennessee,  in  1828,  married  Miss  Mary 
Netherton,  born  at  the  same  place  in  1833,  whose 
father,  James  Netherton,  was  a  Tennesseean,  and  oc- 
cupied in  stock  raising  and  farming.  To  them  was 
born  our  subject  on  October  14,  1833,  also  near  New- 
port, Tennessee,  and  James  P.,  married  and  living 
in  Latah  county ;  Joan,  deceased  ;  Lafayette,  deceased ; 
Andrew,  living  at  Newport,  Tennessee,  on  the  old 
homestead;  Cordelia,  deceased.  Our  subject  remained 
at  home  until  1875,  attending  school,  then  went  to 
southern  Oregon,  and  engaged  in  farming  near  Oak- 
land, and  from  that  place  be  came  to  Latah  county  as 
stated.  When  he  came  here  one  could  ride  many 
miles  without  seeing  even  a  log  cabin,  and  now  the 
portion  of  Latalv  count}-  where  he  lives  is  equal  to 
the  best. 

On  June  4.  1884,  Mr.  Sisk  married  Miss  Cora 
M.,  daughter  of  Calvin  and  Cassandria  (Whitaker) 
Morton,  distant  relatives  of  Levi  P.  Morton.  Mrs. 
Sisk  is  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  born  June,  1864,  and 
the  other  children  in  the  family  are:  Clara,  wife  of 
William  McCune,  living  in  Spokane;  Ellen,  wife  of 
A.  White,  and  living  in  Pullman;  Calvin,  living  in 
Pullman.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sisk  there  have  been 
born  the  following  children :  Delia  I.,  deceased ;  Nellie 
M.,  deceased ;  Allen,  deceased ;  Stella,  at  home ;  Lewis, 
deceased ;  Alexander,  at  home.  Mr.  Sisk  is  a  member 


of  the  Masons,  Palouse  Lodge,  No.  46.  In  political 
matters  he  has  been  active,  and  in  old  Nez  Perces 
county  he  was  deputy  sheriff  for  six  years.  He  is 
at  present  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  takes 
great  interest  in  the  advancement  of  the  cause  of  edu- 
cation, while  in  every  respect  he  is  an  exemplary 


AUGUST  BECKMAN.  This  gentleman  is  one  of 
Latah  county's  well  known  and  capable  men,  having 
demonstrated  here  as  well  as  elsewhere  his  ability  to 
cope  successfully  with  the  forces  of  the  world  and 
bring  success  as  the  reward  of  his  faithful  and  wisely 
bestowed  labors,  while  also  he  has  been  a  potent 
factor  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  county.  Mr.  Beckman 
is  a  native  of  Ontario,  Canada,  where  he  was  born, 
October  22,  1852.  being  the  son  of  John  and  Wil- 
helmina  (Gergus)  Beckman,  natives  of  Germany,  and 
coming  to  this  country  in  1848  and  1849,  respectively. 
Our  subject  received  a  good  education  from  the  ex- 
cellent schools  of  Ontario,  and  in  1871  was  permitted 
by  a  wise  father  to  try  for  himself 'in  the  affairs  of 
life.  He  worked  in  the  lumber  woods  for  a  time, 
about  seven  years,  and  then  had  accumulated  sufficient 
to  purchase  a  farm,  which  he  did,  got  married,  and 
settled  down  to  build  a  good  home.  This  he  accom- 
plished, and  in  1881  his  residence  and  all  he  had  were 
consumed  in  a  conflagration.  Such  a  catastrophe 
would  have  overwhelmed  a  more  irresolute  spirit, 
but  our  subject  was  not  to  be  daunted  thus,  and  so 
he  soon  sold  his  farm  and  came  to  Dakota,  and  for 
seven  years  he  farmed  there,  then  rented  his  farm 
and  came  to  Oregon,  settling  in  the  Willamette  valley, 
and  went  thence  one  year  later  to  eastern  Oregon, 
where  he  remained  for  two  years,  and  then  in  1893 
he  came  to  Latah  county.  He  rented  a  half  section 
for  about  four  years,  and  then  bought  a  quarter,  where 
he  now  lives,  five  miles  east  from  Genesee.  He  has  a 
good  farm,  a  nice  orchard,  comfortable  improvements, 
and  is  displaying  excellent  abilty  in  handling  the 
same.  Mr.  Beckman  has  forty  head  of  neat  cattle, 
fifty  hogs,  and  horses  sufficient  to  handle  the  entire 
estate. 

In  1878  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Beckman 
and  Miss  Emma,  daughter  of  John  and  Dor- 
othy (Stetck)  Dibbem,  natives  of  Germany,  but  im- 
migrants to  Ontario,  where  the  father  died  in  1882, 
and  the  mother  was  called  hence  in  1888.  Our  sub- 
ject and  his  wife  have  seven  children:  Albert  F., 
William  H.,  Emma  O.,  Clarence  O.,  Emil  A.,  Ruben 
D.  and  Clara  M. 

In  the  political  world  Mr.  Beckman  has  always 
been  active  and  displayed  the'  intelligence  that  be- 
comes the  patriotic  citizen.  He  was  appointed  assessor 
in  1884  in  North  Dakota,  serving  two  years,  and  in 
1886  he  was  elected  county  commissioner  on  the  in- 
dependent ticket,  then  later  was  appointed  justice  of 
the  peace,  was  a  member  of  the  school  board,  and  also 
in  this  county  he  has  filled  that  office  for  three  years. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.,  while  he  and  his 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


family  are  members  of  the  German  Lutheran  church. 
Mr.  Beckman  is  a  capable  and  wide  awake  business 
man,  a  good  citizen,  and  always  displays  integrity  and 
force  of  character. 


LEWIS  MICHELSON  is  one  of  the  younger 
(  men  of  Latah  county,  which  class  have  infused  new 
i  life  and  energy  into  the  channels  of  development  and 
progress  throughout  the  entire  county  and  have  nobly 
done  the  part  of  the  work  that  has  fallen  to  them 
from  the  older  and  earlier  pioneers  of  this  favored 
section.  He  is  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of  the 
county,  living1  at  the  present  time  on  a  ranch  six 
miles  north  from  Genesee,  where  he  manifests  that 
commendable  zeal  and  vigor  and  wisdom  that  have 
stamped  him  as  one  of  the  leading  tillers  of  the  soil 
in  the  section.  He  produces  as  high  as  seven  thousand 
bushels  of  wheat  in  one  year,  has  plenty  of  horses 
and  cattle  to  stock  the  farm,  and  is  prosperous  and 
well  liked  in  his  community. 

The  birth  of  our  subject  occurred  in  Kallunbarg, 
Denmark,  on  July  14,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Chris- 
tian and  Sophy  (Anderson)  Michelson.  The  father 
!  was  an  educator  in  his  native  land,  and  there  they 
reside  at  the  present  time.  Our  subject  was  well 
educated  in  the  village  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  nine- 
teen bade  farewell  to  parents,  associates  and  native 
land  and  embarked  for  the  land  of  the  setting  sun. 
He  had  an  uncle  in  Latah  county  and  he  naturally 
came  thither.  For  the  first  few  years  he  worked  for 
the  farmers  and  then  bought  a  team  and  for  three 
years  was  diligent  in  freighting  and  then  he  rented 
the  farm  where  he  is  now  living,  as  mentioned  above. 
The  ranch  contains  two  hundred  and  forty  acres,  and 
is  handled  in  a  commendable  manner,  which  accounts 
for  the  abundant  returns  in  crops. 

In  1895  Mr.  Michelson  married  Miss  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Peter  and  Marie  (Johanson)  Gerther,  natives 
of  Denmark,  where  the  mother  died  in  1899,  but 
the  father  is  still  living.  To  our  subject  and  his 
esteemed  wife  there  have  been  born  three  children, 
Roy,  Marie  L.,  and  Sophie.  Mr.  Michelson  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  while  he  and  his  wife 
affiliate  with  the  Lutheran  church.  Among  the  younger 
men  of  Latah  county  there  are  none  that  surpass  our 
subject  in  thrift,  wise  management  and  careful  in- 
dustry, and  the  results  are  apparent  in  the  goodly 
holding  that  he  has  accumulated  as  a  direct  result  of 
this  enterprise,  and  he  is  justly  numbered  with  the 
leading  men  of  his  section. 


JOHN  I.  ANDERSON.  About  six  and  one-half 
miles  east  from  Palouse  we  find  the  fine  farm  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  The  estate  consists  of  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres  of  valuable  land,  which  he 
settled  upon  in  1878,  it  then  being  raw  timber  and 
prairie  land,  and  by  the  industrious  labors  and  careful 


management  of  Mr.  Anderson  this  has  been  trans- 
formed to  a  beautiful  farm,  well  improved  and  pro- 
ductive. Mr.  Anderson  believes  that  wheat  is '  the 
staple  of  this  section,  still  he  rotates  his  crops  and 
raises  stock,  and  has  a  fine  orchard. 

Mr.  Anderson's  father  was  James  L.,  a  farmer  in 
Cumberland  county,  Kentucky,  and  born  in  1828, 
being  the  son  of  James  C.,  a  Virginian,  and  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Martha  Ross,  who  was  born  in  Kentucky 
in  1829.  Miss  Ross's  parents  were  Martin  and  Betsey  , 
(Winfrey)  Ross,  and  the  father  was  a  farmer  To 
this  marriage  were  born  A.  A.  Anderson;  Martin, 
deceased;  James,  deceased;  Fannie,  wife  of  L.  C. 
Roberts,  in  Pierce  City,  Idaho;  and  our  subject,  who 
was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  Kentucky,  on  No- 
vember 4,  1857.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Kansas 
in  1868,  returning  again  to  Kentucky,  and  in  1869 
migrating  again  to  Kansas,  settling  at  Abilene,  Dick- 
inson county.  The  father  took  up  farming  there  and 
died  in  1873.  Our  subject  received  his  education  there 
and  also  spent  considerable  time  in  hunting  buffalo, 
securing  many.  In  1877  he  started  across  the  plains, 
the  journey  beginning  in  the  early  part  of  May  and. 
continuing  for  five  months.  He  was  in  company  with 
his  brother  A.  A.,  and  the  first  winter  was  spent  in 
Walla  Walla,  and  the  following  spring  he  took  the 
land  above  described.  His  faithful  labors  here  and  his 
steady  endeavors  for  the  upbuilding-  of  the  county's 
interests  have  justly  entitled  him  to  the  place  of  one 
of  the  real  builders  of  this  county i 

On  October  20,  1886,  in  Latah  county,  the  mar- 
riage of  Mr.  Anderson  and  Miss  Bell,  daughter  of 
Enoch  and  Matilda  (Gordy)  Reeves,  was  solemnized  > 
and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  the  following 
children:  Eva,  Fay  and  Flossie,  twins,  all  at  home 
attending  school.  Mrs.  Anderson's  parents  were 
farmers,  her  mother  being  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  their 
children  are  named  below,  Mrs.  Anderson,  born  near 
Toronto,  Kansas,  in  1867;  Enoch,  married  and  living 
at  Peck,  Idaho ;  Anna,  deceased ;  Ora,  at  home  with  her 
parents,  who  live  in  Latah  county.  Mr.  Anderson 
is  always  actively  interested  in  politics,  being  allied 
with  the  socialistc  teachings,  and  in  the  matter  of 
educational  progress  he  shows  zeal  and  great  interest. 
He  is  one  of  the  capable  and  faithful  citizens  of  our 
county  and  is  justly  deserving  of  the  esteem  and 
confid'ence  of  the  people,  which  he  generously  receives. 


MARTIN  V.  THOMAS.  There  is  real  and  proper 
admiration  for  the  man  who  can  take  hold  with  his 
hands  and  by  genuine  wisdom  and  industry  work  out 
a  fortune  for  himself  from  the  raw  resources  of  na- 
ture, as  has  done  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  is 
one  of  Latah's  heaviest  property  owners,  having  over 
eight  hundred  acres  of  fertile  farm  land  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  American  ridge,  about  four  miles  west  from  the 
town  of  Kendrick.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the  per- 
sonal history  of  such  a  man,  and  we  turn  to  that 
chapter  in  his  career.  He  was  born  in  Yancey  county, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


North  Carolina,  on  January  12,  1854,  being-  the  son 
of  Nathan  and  Obedience  (Forbes)  Thomas.  The 
father  was  a  farmer  there  and  in  1865  he  came  with 
his  family  to  Kentucky,  settling  near  Barboursville, 
in  Knox  county.  Four  years  later  the  family  removed 
to  Howell  county,  Missouri,  settling  near  West  Plains. 
There  our  subject  remained  until  1877,  when  he  came 
to  Idaho  and  pre-empted  a  piece  of  government  land 
five  miles  west  from  Genesee,  also  taking  a  timber 

.  culture  claim.  In  1888  he  sold  that  land  and  bought 
a  half  section  on  American  ridge,  to  which  he  has 
added  until  he  has  a  mammoth  estate,  as  mentioned 
above.  He  gave  his  personal  attention  to  the  im- 
provement and  cultivation  of  this  fine  body  of  land 
until  the  fall  of  1900,  when  he  removed  to  Kendrick 

,  with  his  family  in  order  to  school  his  children.  Since 
that  time  he  has  leased  the  land  and  oversees  the 
property.  He  has  thirty  acres  of  orchard  and  his 
farms  are  well  improved.  Mr.  Thomas  has  a  fine 
residence  in  Kendrick  and  there  the  family  abide  at 
the  present  time. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Thomas  and  Miss  Lucy  E.. 
daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Zumwalt)  Lemons,  was 
solemnized  at  Moscow  on  February  14,  1888,  and 
they  have  become  the  parents  of  three  children,  as 
follows :  Walker,  Elsie,  and  the  baby  not  yet  named. 
In  earlier  days  Mr.  Thomas  gave  much  attention 
to  buying  and  selling  cattle,  and  has  dealt  much  in 
all  kinds  of  stock,  but  at  the  present  time  he  does 
not  devote  so  much  time  to  this  industry.  He  is  one 
of  the  wise,  enterprising  and  substantial  men  of  the 
county,  and  is  secure  in  the  esteem  and  confidence 
of  all." 


CHARLEY  J.  SCHARNHORST.  Without  per- 
adventure  there  are  within  the  borders  of  Latah  county 
some  of  the  finest  farmers  that  can  be  found  any- 
where, which  demonstrates  both  the  excellency  of  the 
country  and  the  ability  of  these 'indivduals,  and  among 
this  worthy  class  must  be  mentioned  prominently  the 
subject  of  this  article.  Although  a  young  man,  still 
there  is  no  doubt  in  the  mind  of  any  one  who  will 
look  over  his  fine  estate  that  Mr.  Scharnhorst  is  one 
of  the  most  thrifty,  careful,  judicious  and  enterprising 
agriculturists  and  stockmen  that  are  to  be  found. 

Charley  J.  was  born  in  Keokuk  county,  Iowa,  on 
October  13,  1871,  being  the  son  of  Christian  and 
Frederica  (Neighbour)  Scharnhorst,  natives  of  Ger- 
many, who  came  to  this  country  in  1862,  locating  in 
Iowa,  whence  ten  years  later  they  went  to  Kansas, 
where  one  year  was  spent,  and  then  another  move 
was  made  to  Oregon,  and  settlement  made  in  Eugene, 
whence  they  came  to  Latah  county,  where  they  reside 
on  a  fine  farm  now.  Our  subject  received  his  school- 
ing from  the  districts  of  Latah  county  and  the  wise 
training  of  a  sagacious  father  in  the  art  of  agriculture 
and  thrift.  He  remained  with  his  father  for  twenty- 
three  years,  and  then  was  presented  by  the  generous 
parent  with  a  fine  large  farm,  which  he  added  to 
until  it  is  of  the  broad  proportions  of  four  hundred 


and  ten  acres,  and  lies  five  and  one-half  miles  west 
from  Genesee.    The  estate  is  provided  with  an  elegant 
residence,  commodious  barns  and  all  needed  out  build- 
ings,   and    is    most   carefully   attended    and   skillfully 
handled.     A  fine  orchard  also  beautifies  the  premises 
id  provides  fruit  for  use.     Plenty  of  stock  for  use 
e  at  hand,  the  fields  all   fenced  and  cross-fenced, 
and  all  presents  one  beautiful  picture  of  prosperity 
ind  thrift  and  happiness. 

In  1895  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Scharn- 
horst and  Miss  Mary  G.,  daughter  of  John  and  Mar- 
garet (Brandt)  Bottjer,  and  a  native  of  Germany. 
The  parents  of  Mrs.  Scharnhorst  were  also  natives 
of  Germany,  and  the  father  was  a  sailor.  Eight  chil- 
dren were  born  to  them:  Mary  C.,  Louise,  William 
T.,  Henry  G.,  Johanna  J.,  Margaret  C.,  Henriette 
A.,  and  johan  H.  Mr.  Scharnhorst  is  an  active  par- 
ticipant in  the  realm  of  politics  and  there  as  every- 
where he  is  characterized  by  display  of  the  same 
sagacity,  keenness  of  perception,  wealth  of  resource, 
and  thoroughness  in  execution  that  have  brought  him 
his  unbounded  success.  He  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  they  are  generous 
iupporters  of  the  faith  and  lead  an  exemplary  life  in 
til  their  walk,  being  highly  esteemed  and  respected. 


HORACE  E.  GILBERT.  We  are  pleased  to  grant 
to  Mr.  Gilbert  a  representation  in  the  history  of  Latah 
county  since  he  is  one  of  the  real  builders  of  the  county ; 
being  a  man  whose  life  here  has  always  been  spent  in 
laboring  for  the  advancement  of  the  county's  interest, 
and  having  displayed  great  sagacity  and  enterprise 
in  these  labors,  much  credit  is  due  him  for  the  bene- 
fit that  has  accrued  from  his  efforts,  and  while  this  is 
true  it  is  no  less  true  that  he  is  possessed  of  the  happy 
qualities  of  worth,  affability,  uprightness,  and  integrity 
that  find  pleasant  exemplification  in  his  daily  walk.  He 
was  born  in  Bremer  county,  Iowa,  on  January  25, 
1858,  being  the  son  of  John  S.  and  Maria  S.  Gilbert, 
farmers.  He  remained  at  home  until  twenty  and  then 
set  out  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  west.  He  came  via 
the  Union  Pacific  to  San  Francisco  and  thence  by 
ocean  steamer  to  Portland  and  soon  he  was  in  Junct- 
ion City  in  the  Willamette  valley,  where  a  few  months 
were  spent,  when  he  came  to  Moscow.  He  soon  se- 
lected a  homestead  near  where  he  now  lives  and  set 
to  work  to  improve  it  in  good  shape.  In  1891  he 
traded  that  place  and  $1800  for  the  farm  where  he  now 
lives,  three  miles  northeast  from  Moscow.  His 
present  farm  is  one  of  the  finest  kept  estates  in  the 
county  of  Latah,  an  air  of  thrift  and  business  enter- 
prise being  patent  everywhere.  He  has  a  nine-room" 
residence  of  modern  architectural  design  and  tastily 
kept,  is  building  a  large  barn,  has  some  fine  herds, 
and  everything  that  would  make  a  rural  home  profi- 
table and  comfortable.  Mr.  Gilbert  has  one  hundred 
and  two  acres  set  to  timothy  and  intends  to  put  the 
balance  of  the  home  quarter  to  clover.  He  takes  great 
interest  in  the  production  of  grasses,  and  also  has  a 


HORACE  E.  GILBERT. 


HON.  CHARLES  J.  MUNSON. 


WILLIAM  M.  FRAZIER. 


JOHN  FREEZE. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


fine  large  orchard.  In  addition  to  this  farm  Mr. 
Gilbert  possesses  as  much  more  land  about  one  and 
one-half  miles  north  from  the  home  place. 

October  12,  1886,  was  the  date  of  the  happy  oc- 
casion when  Mr.  Gilbert  took  to  himself  Miss  Florence, 
daughter  of  Lewis  and  Sarah  Miller,  as  wife,  and  to 
this  union  have  been  born  Jessie,  deceased,  and  Eva, 
five  years  of  age.  Mrs.  Gilbert's  father  was  a  promi- 
nent citizen  in  his  home  county  in  Illinois,  being 
justice  of  the  peace  and  county  commissioner  for  years. 
His  great  work  in  life  was  along  the  lines  of  church 
•work,  being  allied  with  the  Baptist  denomination.  He 
was  a  real  philanthropist  and  spent  much  time  and 
money  in  assisting  the  poor.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gilbert 
are  members  of  the  Baptist  church,  affiliating  with  the 
Moscow  congregation,  and  they  are  faithful  in  the 
support  of  the  gospel.  In  the  person  of  Mrs.  Gilbert 
we  have  a  lady  of  true  devotion  and  dominated  by  a 
gracious  spirit,  being  given  to  hospitality  and  mani- 
festing a  refined  dignity  in  presiding  over  her  house- 
hold. Mr.  Gilbert  is  one  of  the  up-to-date  men  of  the 
county,  active  and  prudent  in  business,  far  sighted  in 
matters  of  importance  and  withal  thrifty  and  careful 
in  all  his  enterprises. 


HON.  CHARLES  J.  MUNSON.  Like  so  many 
of  the  successful  business  men  of  Latah  county,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  on  a  farm,  reared  amid 
its  healthful  exercises,  gaining  his  education  from  the 
public  schools.  When  man's  estate  arrived  he  was 
well  fortified  in  bodily  vigor  and  mental  training  to 
take  up  for  himself  the  duties  of  life.  His  parents 
were  Peter  and  Mary  Munson,  natives  of  Sweden,  and 
he  was  born  in  Attica,  Fountain  county,  Indiana,  on 
August  14,  1861.  When  nineteen  years  of  age  he 
struck  out  into  the  western  world,  landing  first  at  the 
Rockies  in  Colorado,  where  he  mined  for  two  years, 
then  prospected  in  Utah  and  later  in  Butte,  Montana, 
whence,  in  1883,  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country.  The  year  following  found  him  in  Latah 
county  and  in  1890  he  purchased  the  farm  where  he 

estate  is  well  kept,  consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  and  is  the  home  place  of  the  family.  In  1898 
Mr.  Munson  was  nominated  on  the  Republican  ticket 
for  representative  to  the  state  legislature  and  promptly 
elected,  and  in  that  body  he  acted  on  the  ways  and 
means  committee,  and  also  on  the  committee  on  roads, 
bridges,  and  ferries.  So  faithful  and  efficient  was  the 
labor  performed,  that  at  the  expiration  of  this  term, 
he  was  elected  by  an  appreciative  constituency  to 
serve  another  term,  and  this  time  he  acted  on  the  com- 
mittee on  public  bridges  and  had  to  do  with  the  special 
road  tax  on  real  estate.  Mr.  Munson  made  a  com- 
mendable record^in  the  fifth  and  sixth  legislatures  of 
the  state. 

On  December  28,  1890.  Mr.  Munson  married  Miss 
Clemma  E.  Roadruck,  and  they  have  become  the  par- 
ents of  four  children  :  Oscar  C,  Vivien  O.,  Goldie  E. 
and  Burton  L.  Mr.  Munson  is  affiliated  with  the  I. 


O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  31,  of  Moscow,  and  is  popular 
among  his  associates  as  well  as  throughout  the  coun- 
ty, having  in  his  long  residence  here  manifested  stanch 
qualities  of  worth  and  uprightness,  and  showed  excel- 
lent wisdom  in  the  affairs  of  life  and  commendable 
skill  in  the  management  of  business. 

Mr.  Munson  has  always  been  a  warm  friend  of 
the  cause  of  education  and  he  has  labored  faithfully 
for  its  advancement.  The  State  University  has  been 
the  recipient  of  much  favor  from  him  and  through  his 
efforts  the  appropriation  has  been  more  than  trebled. 


WILLIAM  M.  FRAZIER  is  one  of  the  oldest 
pioneers  of  Latah  county,  an  esteemed  citizen,  a  promi- 
nent and  capable  man,  and  one  of  the  substantial  and 
well  to  do  farmers  and  stockmen  of  this  section  and 
is  eminently  fitted  for  representation  in  the  history  of 
his  county. 

Entering  at  once  into  the  details  of  his  life's  career, 
we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Jackson,  Cape  Girardeau 
county,  Missouri,  on  June  27,  1844,  being  the  son  of 
Peter  and  Lucinda  (Providence)  Frazier,  now  of 
Sacramento,  California.  While  an  infant  he  was  taken 
by  his  parents  to  Grundy  county,  Missouri,  where  he 
went  to  school  in  the  winter  and  toiled  on  the  farm 
in  the  summers.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  was  ready 
to  start  for  himself  and  for  three  years  he  worked  on 
adjacent  farms  and  then  joined  his  fortune  with  an 
ox  train  and  began  the  weary  journey  toward  the 
Pacific  coast.  He  brought  mule  teams  with  him  and 
settled  in  eastern  Oregon,  taking  a  claim.  For  five 
years  he  worked  there,  then  spent  one  year  in  Cali- 
fornia and  then  came  to  Moscow,  arriving  here  on 
May  5,  1871,  taking  the  place  where  he  resides  to- 
day, about  three  miles  northeast  from  Moscow.  He 
devoted  himself  to  farming  and  raising  stock  and  suc- 
cess attended  his  efforts  from  the  start.  He  pur- 
chased a  half  section  in  1885,  and  sold  a  quarter  in 
1901,  still  having  a  half  section,  well  improved  and 
producing  abundant  crops. 

In  1864  Mr.  Frazier  married  Miss  Lucinda,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  and  Sarah  (Collins)  Warmoth,  and  two 
children  were  born  to  them:  John  S.,  married  and 
living  near  Moscow ;  Annie,  wife  of  Homer  E.  Burr, 
and  living  four  miles  northeast  from  Moscow.  In 
1869  Mrs.  Frazier  was  called  away  by  death. 

In  1876  Mr.  Frazier  contracted  a  second  marriage, 
the  lady  then  becoming  his  wife  being  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
P.  Oilman,  widow  of  William  Oilman,  and  she  had 
one  child,  Sarah,  by  her  first  husband.  To  our  sub- 
ject and  this  wife  there  have  been  born  eleven  children, 
nine  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows :  Ada  M.,  wife  of 
Amos  R.  Greer,  living  near  Moscow;  William  F., 
married  and  living  near  Moscow :  Daisy  M.,  wife  of 
George  Collins,  living  near  Moscow  ;  Effie,  with  par- 
ents;  Marion  M. ;  Edna:  Charles  L. :  Harry;  Olive. 
The  last  five  named  arc  attending  school.  At  the 
time  of  the  division  of  Latah  county  from  Nez  Perces, 
Mr.  Frazier  was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners 
to  effect  this.  He  has  for  years  been  a  member  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


3  affili- 


A.  O.  U.  W.  and  in  religious  persuasion,  he 
ated  with  the  Adventist  church.  Mr.  Frazier  is  richly 
deserving  of  great  credit  for  the  commendable  and 
sagacious  manner  in  which  he  has  walked  in  the  years 
of  his  labors  here  and  he  receives  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  all. 


JOHN  FREEZE.  To  the  labors  of  such  worthy 
pioneers  as  the  subject  of  this  article,  Latah  county 
ows  her  present  prosperity  and  prominent  position 
among  her  sister  counties  of  the  state  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  embody  a  brief  resume  of  his  life 
m  the  volume  of  his  county's  history.  Mr.  Freeze  was 
born  in  Rowan  county,  North  Carolina,  on  May  4, 
1828,  being  the  son  of  Caleb  and  Polly  (Willhelm) 
Freeze.  The  father  was  a  tanner  and  farmer  and  a 
native  of  the  home  county.  The  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  Louis  Willhelm,  a  cooper  and  farmer. 

thirty  years  of  age  and  then  started  for  himself.  He 
was  educated  in  the  subscription  schools,  the  public 
schools  not  being  introduced  until  he  was  a  man.  and 
then  he  assisted  to  lay  out  the  districts  of  his  county. 
He  moved  to  Arkansas  soon  after  1858,  living  in  both 
the  southern  and  northern  portion  of  the  state.  In 
1873  he  sold  his  interests  there  and  came  overland  with 
a  train  of  twelve  outfits  of  friends  and  relatives  to 
Walla  Walla,  falling  in  by  the  way  with  the  train  of 
David  Notman,  a  near  neighbor  now.  On  August  3, 
1873,  they  camped  at  Walla  Walla  and  Mr.  Freeze 
went  to  vacant  land  near  VVaitsburg,  Washington,  and 
farmed  for  three  years,  when  he  sold  out  and  went  to 
Deep  creek,  then  Nez  Perces  county,  having  explored 
the  country  the  year  previous.  In  April,  of  the  Cen- 
tennial year,  he  took  his  present  place  in  the  vicinity  of 
Freeze  post-office.  He  has  a  farm  of  one  hundred  'and 
sixty  acres  well  improved.  When  he  settled,  Walla 
Walla  was  the  trading  post  and  one  week  was  con- 
sumed to  travel  the  one  hundred  and  ten  miles  and  re- 
turn. He  assisted  to  erect  the  forts  in  1877  and  ^78 
and  when  they  were  done,  the  Indians  retired  and  the 
people  went  to  their  homes. 

In  1849,  while  in  North  Carolina,  Mr.  Freeze  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Lipe,  and  six  children  were  born 
to  them,  three  of  whom  are  living  and  named  as  fol- 
lows :  Sarah,  Calvin,  Michael.  Mr.  Freeze  was  mar- 
ried a  second  time,  Miss  Polly  Lipe  becoming  his 
wife  on  that  occasion,  and  she  died  in  Arkansas  in 
1891,  having  left  no  children.  On  September  7,  1892, 
Mr.  Freeze  went  to  the  sacred  altar  for  the  third  time, 
this  time  leading  Mrs.  Addie  (Woodard)  Bates, 
widow  of  John  Bates.  This  lady  had  two  children  by 
her  former  husband:  they  are  Willard,  who  died  in 
Ohio,  in  1895,  and  Estefla,  wife  of  A.  M.  Grinnell, 
now  living  at  Washington,  Michigan.  Mr.  Willard 
Woodard.  father  of  Mrs.  Freeze,  was  born  near 
Montreal  and  her  mother.  Mona  Woodard,  was  born  in 
New  York,  while  her  birthplace  was  Romeo,  Michi- 
gan, and  the  date  1841,  and  1884  was  the  time  when 
she  came  to  this  state.  Mr.  Freeze  is  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  church,  while  his  wife  affiliates  with  the 


Methodist.    He 


mber  of  the  Farmers  Club  and 


also  of  the  school  board,  havinj 
capacity  for  a  nun 
school  board  of  his 


SAMUEL  P.  CALLISOX.  This  well  known 
gentleman  and  enterprising  .•ariculturist  of  Latah  coun- 
ty is  one  of  the  men  whose  skill  and  industry  have 
given  to  him  a  goodly  competence,  so  that  he  is  justi- 
fied in  retiring  from  the  more  active  parts  of  business 
and  giving  himself  to  the  oversight  of  his  property. 
He  has  a  comfortable  home  in  Kendrick,  a  farm  of 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  on  American  ridge,  four 
miles  west  from  Kendrick,  besides  other  property. 
Mr.  Callison  was  born  in  Adair  county,  Missouri,  on 
January  n,  1850,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary 
(Page)  Callison,  and  one  of  eighteen  children,  nine 
of  whom  are  living.  The  father  was  one  the  earliest 
settlers  in  Adair  county  and  built  the  first  frame  house 
in  Kirksville,  the  county  seat  of  Adair  county.  He 
was  the  proprietor  of  a  fine,  large  farm,  and  he  and 
three  of  his  sons  fought  in  the  Civil  war.  The  first 
seventeen  years  of  our  subject  were  spent  at  the  home 
place  in  the  acquisition  of  a  good  education  and  in 
learning  the  art  of  agriculture,  then  He  journeyed  to 
Hancock  county,  where  he  lived  with  an  uncle  for 
six  years.  Then  he  went  to  Elk  county,  Kansas,  took 
a  pre-emption  and  tilled  it  for  six  years ;  after  that  time 
he  removed  to  Linn  county,  the  same  state,  and  spent 
eight  years  in  ranching  there.  1888  is  the  date  when 
he  came  to  Idaho  and  he  at  once  purchased  a  ranch 
of  one-quarter  section,  where  his  farm  is  now,  and 
settled  there  until  1900,  when  he  removed  to  Ken- 
drick, where  he  resides  at  the  present  time.  His  farm 
is  one  of  the  well  tilled  estates  of  the  section,  is  a 
fertile  piece  of  land  and  is  well  improved,  having" 
about  twelve  acres  of  orchard. 

Mr.  Callison  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge 
^°-  37,  at  Kendrick,  also  of  the. encampment  at  the 
same  place,  and  of  the  Rebekahs.  The  marriage  of  Mr. 
Callison  and  Miss  Louisa,  daughter  of  James  J.  and 
Margaret  Rush,  was  celebrated  in  1850,  August  6, 
near  Racine,  Linn  county,  Kansas.  Airs.  Callison 
was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  her  parents  removed  to 
Kansas,  where  she  was  married.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  our  worthy  subject  and  his  wife,  Olive, 
wife  of  Frank  W.  Roberts,  living  on  one  of  her  father's 
farms;  Benjamin,  married  to  Minnie  Thomas,  living; 
on  his  father's  farm. 


ALMARINE  A.  ANDERSON.  This  leading  and 
enterprising  farmer  is  one  of  the  heavy  property  own- 
ers of  Latah  county,  owning  at  the  present  a  fine  es- 
tate of  five  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  having  also 
sold  a  quarter  section  recently.  His  estate  lies  eight 
miles  east  from  Palouse,  and  is  partly  rented  and  all 
well  improved.  He  is  about  to  erect  a  commodious 
barn,  and  his  enterprise  and  industry  with  wise  man- 
agement have  gained  him  the  reward  that  becomes 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


thrift  and  has  placed  his  name  among  the  prominent 
men  of  the  county.  Entering  more  especially  into 
ancestral  details  we  note  that  our  subject's  paternal 
grandfather,  James  C.  Anderson,  was  a'  Virginian, 
and  his  son,  James  S.,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  1828.  was  lieutenant  in  the  army,  and  married 
Miss  Martha  A.  Ross,  the  daughter  of  Martin  Ross, 
a  farmer  and  stockman  in  Kentucky,  whose  wife  was 
Miss  Betsey  Winfreg.  Their  daughter,  Martha  A., 
was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1829.  To  the  marriage 
of  James  S.  Anderson  and  Martha  A.  Ross  were  born 
the  following  children :  Almarine  A.  Anderson,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  born  December  28,  1849,  in 
Cumberland  county,  Kentucky;  Martin  P.;  James  S. ; 
John  I.;  Fannie  B.  Our  subject's  parents  removed 
from  Kentucky  to  Kansas  in  1868,  returned  to  the 
Blue  Grass  State  and  settled  on  Green  river  in  a  short 
time,  only  to  go  back  to  Kansas  in  1869,  this  time 
settling  in  Abilene,  Dickinson  county.  There  they 
farmed,  and  there  the  father  died  in  1873.  Almarine 
A.  worked  for  himself  until  1877  and  then  started 
for  the  great  northwest  on  May  3,  and  landed  in  Latah 
county  on  October  8,  making  the  trip  with  teams.  He 
took  a  homestead  which  forms  a  part  of  his  present 
estate  and  continuously  he  has  resided  here  since. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Anderson  and  Mrs.  Cordelia 
(Williams)  Michaels,  daughter  of  Edward  and  Jane 
(Craig)  Williams,  was  solemnized  on  March  7,  1874, 
at  Fredonia,  Kansas.  Mr.  Williams  was  a  native  of 
Tennessee,  born  in  1815,  and  was  a  carpenter.  Mrs. 
Williams  was  also  a  native  of  Tennessee,  being  born 
in  1817.  Mrs.  Anderson  was  born  in  Illinois,  near 
Hillsborough,  and  her  brothers  and  sisters  are  named 
as  follows :  Thomas,  Alfred,  William,  Robert  X., 
Nelson,  John  M.,  Nancy  J..  James  F.,  Edward  P., 
Allen  N.,  and  Almeda.  To  our  worthy  subject  and 
his  estimable  wife  there  have  been  born  the  following 
issue:  Ona,  wife  of  Charles  E.  Ferry,  and  living  on 
the  Nez  Perces  reservation ;  John  F.,  at  home ;  Fannie 
J.,  deceased;  Martin  A.  Mr.  Anderson  is  a  member 
of  the  school  board  and  has  been  for  a  number  of  years 
and  his  policy  is  always  to  vote  the  highest  tax  for 
the  advancement  of  educational  interests.  In  the  gen- 
eral welfare  of  the  country  he  always  manifests  corn- 
good  government. 


STEPHEN  A.  BOWERS.  This  well  known  and 
representative  agriculturist  and  patriotic  citizen  is  one 
of  the  early  settlers  of  the  territory  now  embraced 
in  Latah  county,  and  his  labors  here  for  the  general 
progress  and  development  have  been  faithful  and  de- 
serving of  much  credit.  Stephen  A.  was  born  near 
Watseka,  Illinois,  on  December  21,  1858,  being  the 
son  of  John  and  PheSe  Bowers.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  Maryland,  born  in  1808,  and  a  farmer  and 
stockman  of  Illinois.  The  mother  died  when  our  sub- 
ject was  one  month  old,  and  the  other  members  of  the 
family  are  as  follows :  Caroline,  wife  of  Martin  Fos- 


ter,  of  Latah  county;  Sylvester,  government  agent 
among  the  Indians,  and  also  a  soldier  against  the 
savages,  and  now  drawing  a  stipend  from  the  gov- 
ernment for  his  faithful  and  valuable  services.  Our 
subject  remained  in  Illinois  until  twenty-one  years 
had  elapsed  since  his  birth,  having  also  taken  care  of 
himself  from  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  his  father  dying 
at  that  time.  By  a  former  marriage  of  his  father  our 
subject  had  the  following  half-brothers:  Tacob,  John, 
William,  Charles,  all  soldiers  in  the  Civil  war".  In 
1879  Mr.  Bowers  came  west  and  took  a  pre-emption 
in  Latah  county,  and  in  1881  he  went  to  the  Snake 
river  country  and  took  a  homestead,  but  one  year 
later  he  sold  "it  and  returned  to  the  farm  in  this  county. 
He  remained  on  this  until  1896,  when  he  sold  it  and 
bought  his  present  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  which  lies  six  miles  east  from  Palouse.  Mr. 
Bowers  pays  much  attention  to  raising  hogs  and  gen- 
eral farming  and  gains  abundant  success  in  these 

In  August,  1877,  Mr.  Bowers  married  Miss  Julia 
Davis,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Mary  Davis,  farmers  of 
Illinois.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Illinois.  In  the 
same  state  also  Mrs.  Bowers  was  born  on  April  25, 
1859,  and  there  she  gained  a  good  education.  The 
other  children  in  her  father's  family  were  Mary,  wife 
of  Henry  Hickman,  and  living  in  the  Snake  river 
country ;  George,  married  to  Sarah  Hickman,  daugh- 
ter of"  Richard  Hickman,  and  living  on  the  Snake 
river;  Carrie,  deceased.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bowers 
there  have  been  born  the  following  children :  George, 
married  to  Lizzie  Craig,  and  living  at  Myers  Falls: 
Walter,  lesse,  Claude,  Cora,  and  Nellie,  at  home. 
Mr.  Bowers  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.,  at  Palouse. 
He  takes  a  great  interest  in  educational  matters,  hav- 
ing served  on  the  school  board  for  many  years.  Mrs. 
Bowers  is  now  a  member  of  the  board.  '  She  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Christian  church.  They  are  both 
upright  and  highly  esteemed  people,  and  much  credit 
is  due  their  enterprising  labors  for  the  welfare  of  the 
community  and  county  in  general. 


LILES  A.  HOPKINS  is  one  of  the  sturdy  pio- 
neers who  have  made  Latah  county  prosperous  and 
wealthy.  He  came  here  in  an  early  day  when  settlers 
were  few  and  the  wilds  of  nature  were  unbroken. 
1876  was  the  year  when  his  conveyances  brought  his 
family  from  Kansas  to  where  Pullman,  Washington, 
now  stands,  and  the  following  spring  he  hunted  put 
a  homestead  and  settled  upon  it,  having  been  living 

half  miles^LtPfToypeariousee'  He  has°given  his  atten- 
tion to  both  stock  raising  and  farming.  He  has  a 
fine  bunch  of  stock  at  the  present  time,  but  had  the 
great  misfortune  to  lose  forty-five  brood  mares  in 
Montana  last  year.  His  farm  "is  half  in  timothy  and 
the  remainder  raises  oats  and  wheat. 

Reverting  more  to  the  personal  history  of  Mr. 
Hopkins,  we  notice  that  he  is  a  native  of  Missouri, 


7i6 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


being  born  in  Phelps  county,  on  May  8,  1843,  to  £li 
and  Susan  M.  (Dodd)  Hopkins,  the  father  a  native  of 
North  Carolina,  and  having  two  sisters  and  three 
brothers,  Andrew,  Liles  and  Sandy.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Tennessee,  near  Knoxville, 
whose  brothers  and  sisters  are  named  as  follows :  Rob- 
ert Monroe,  Caroline,  Mary,  and  Louise,  and  whose 
mother  was  born  in  Wales.  Our  subject  was  taken 
by  his  parents  to  Lafayette  county  when  six  years  of 
age  and  remained  there  for  five  years,  then  removed 
to  Shawnee  county,  five  miles  east  from  Topeka, 
Kansas,  and  here  he  attended  school  at  Tecumseh. 
He  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  of  age, 
and  then  bought  a  farm  for  himself,  which  he  sold 
in  1867  and  removed  to  Chautauqua,  where  he  bought 
land  and  settled  down  to  raising  stock,  but  on  account 
of  losing  valuable  Shorthorns  by  the  Texas  fever,  he 
sold  this  property  also  and  started  across  the  plains  as 
mentioned  above. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Hopkins  and  Miss  Olive  J., 
daughter  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Jones)  Srrijth, 
natives  of  Tennessee,  was  solemnized  on  September 
8,  1864.  The  father  was  an  Indian  trader,  and  his 
children,  the  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mrs.  Hopkins, 
are  named  as  follows:  Clarinda,  wife  of  Wm.  Bar- 
low, and  living  in  Joplin,  Missouri ;  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
M.  Tunnel,  deceased;  George,  deceased;  John  B., 
whose  address  they  have  lost;  Samuel,  married  and 
living  in  Joplin,  Missouri.  The  brothers  and  sisters 
of  our  subject  are  also  named  as  follows:  Josiah 
T.,  at  Rossville,  Kansas;  Elisha,  deceased;  George, 
deceased ;  Sarah  E.,  wife  of  W.  M.  Ingham,  of  Hutch- 
inson,  Kansas;  Polly  L.,  wife  of  George  Allen,  in 
Cuba:  Susan  M.,  wife  of  Nesbith  Elmore,  in  Kansas; 
Anna,  wife  of  Mr.  Mix,  living  near  Tecumseh,  Kansas. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hopkins  have  been  born  the  follow- 
ing children:  Charles  M.,  in  Spokane;  Thomas,  in 
Spokane;  William,  deceased}  Eli,  married  to  Etta 
Billows,  in  Latah  county;  Liles,  living  in  Latah 
county ;  Arthur,  at  home ;  Marion,  at  home ;  Cheyenne 
W.,  wife  of  Calvin  Gallop,  in  Palouse ;  Bessie,  wife  of 
Roy  Wallace,  in  Latah  county.  Mr.  Hopkins  is  one 
of  the  leaders  in  the  stock  business  and  is  one  of  the 
substantial  men  of  the  county,  having  conducted  his 

of  success  deservedly  his  at  this  time. 


GEORGE  H.  BRILLHART.  On  American  ridge, 
three  miles  from  Kendrick.  is  the  farm  and  home  of 
the  subject  of  this  article.  Mr.  Brillhart  has  been  one 
of  the  faithful  laborers  of  this  part  of  Latah  county, 
not  only  devoting  his  attention  to  general  farming, 
but  also  has  built  most  of  the  farm  houses  in  this 
section  of  the  county.  The  birth  of  George  H.  was 
on  November  27,  1844,  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio, 
being  the  son  of  John  and  Jane  (Hall)  Brillhart, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and 
cur  subject  was  drilled  in  the  agricultural  art  and  in 
the  schools  of  his  section  until  1863,  when  the  call 


of  patriotism  led  him  to  enlist  in  Company  I,  Fifty- 
first  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  under  Sher- 
man until  they  came  to  Atlanta.  He  was  wounded 
in  the  battle  of  Resaca  but  was  soon  at  the  front  again 
and  after  the  fall  of  Atlanta  he  was  under  Thomas 
and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Franklin  and  Nash- 
ville. In  1865,  when  the  strife  had  ceased,  he  was 
honorably  mustered  out  and  went  to  his  home  place ' 
and  took  up  the  work  of  the  carpenter.  He  worked 
at  the  trade  in  Spring  Mountain  until  1872,  then  went 
to  Hopkins,  Missouri,  and  for  five  years  wrought 
there  at  the  same  occupation.  In  1880  he  came  to 
Walla  Walla  and  worked  on  a  ranch  for  one  year  and 
then  came  to  Latah  county,  taking  the  homestead 
where  he  now  dwells.  He' has  improved  his  ranch 
and  added  to  it  until  he  now  owns  the  generous  estate 
of  two  hundred  and  sixty-seven  acres.  He  does  a 
general  farming  business,  raises  some  fruit,  and  works 
at  the  carpenter  trade  considerably  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Brillhart  and  Miss  Sarah 
A.,  daughter  of  Nelson  and  Sarah  (Ayres)  Bartelett, 
natives  of  Ohio,  where  her  parents  are  farmers,  was 
solemnized  on  May  I,  1870,  and  two  children  have 
been  born  to  them," one  of  whom  is  living,  Alberta  B., 
attending  school  at  Kendrick.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brill- 
hart  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  and  are 
exemplary  members  of  society. 


DAVID  J.  WILLCOX.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  manifests  in  a  practical  manner  the  success 
that  can  be  attained  by  one  of  genius  and  enterprise, 
who  will  take  hold  with  his  hands  to  manipulate  the 
resources  of  this  country,  since  he  is  blessed  with 
bright  success  and  has  made  it  all  by  his  industry  and 
wise  management  since  first  coming  to  Latah  county. 

David  J.  was  born  in  Larignal.  Ottawa,  Canada, 
on  January  i,  1850.  being-  the  son  of  Edwin  and 
Cynthia  (Cass)  Willcox.  The  father  was  a  carpenter 
of  Irish  extraction,  and  his  grandfather  was  a  phy- 
sician. Mrs.  Willcox  was  born  January  31,  1828, 
in  Ottawa  and  died  July  8,  1895,  being  one'  of  a  family 
of  five  boys  and  ten  girls.  Her  father,  Joseph  Pome- 
roy  Cass,  was  born  in  1764,  and  was  an  English  sol- 
dier under  George  Third  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
He  received  for  his  services  a  grant  of  land  in  Canada 
and  our  subject  now  possesses  his  discharge  papers. 
Our  immediate  subject  had  but  one  brother,  Henry 
W..  now  living  in  British  Columbia.  David  J.  was 
taken  by  his  parents  to  Winnebago  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, when  he  was  but  one  year  of  age,  and"  they  took 

ing.  He  attended  public  school  and  worked  on  the 
farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age  and  then  learned  the 
tinner's  trade.  Later  he  went  to  Minnesota  and  trav- 
elled until  1875  for  a  wholesale  house,  at  which  time 
he  migrated  to  California  and  thence  to  Coos  county, 
Oregon,  and  engaged  with  a  saw  mill  company  for  three 
years.  During  that  time,  in  1877,  he  came  to  Latah 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


county  and  selected  his  present  place,  four  miles  east 
from  Palouse.  He  returned  to  Oregon  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  brought  his  family  to  the  farm.  He  has 
made  of  the  raw  piece  of  land,  where  he  landed  with- 
out a  dollar,  a  fine  farm  of  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres,  which  produces  abundant  crops  of  the  cereals 
and  is  improved  in  every  way  possible  to  make  it 
a  valuable  rural  estate.  He  has  a  fine  house  and 
doubtless  the  finest  barn  in  the  county  of  Latah. 
It  cost  about  three  thousand  dollars,  and  has  all 
the  conveniences  known  to  modern  architecture  in 
barns,  with  a  capacity  for  stabling  thirty-six  cows, 
some  horses,  seventy-five  tons  of  hay,  wagon  and 
carriage  rooms,  and  so  forth. 

Mr.  Willcox  and  Miss  Ollie  Ross  Johnson,  adopted 
daughter  of  John  L.  and  Viletta  Johnson,  were  mar- 
ried on  August  4,  1877,  at  Marshfield,  Oregon.  Mrs. 
Willcox  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Joseph 
Ross,  married  and  living  at  Markham,  Oregon ;  Mary, 
wife  of  James  Markham,  at  Markham,  Oregon ;  Rob- 
ert Ross,  married  and  farming  near  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington; George  Ross,  married  and  living  in  Palouse; 
Clara,  wife  of  George  Foster,  and  living  in  Portland. 
To  our  subject  and  his  wife  there  have  been  born 
the  following  children:  Edna  V.,  now  wife  of  Fred 
R.  Vowell,  she  formerly  taught  school  in  Latah  coun- 
ty, her  home  now  being  Easton,  Oregon,  Alex  post- 
office;  Edwin  R.,  living  at  home  and  attending  school 
in  winter.  Mr.  Willcox  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  O.  U. 
W.  and  is  one  of  the  leading  and  substantial  men  of  the 


FRED  SCHARNHORST.  The  subject  of  this 
article  is  practically  a  product  of  Latah  county,  hav- 
ing spent  the  major  portion  of  his  life  here  and  he  is 
today  one  of  the  substantial  and  progressive  men  of 
this  section,  having  a  fine  holding  of  one  half  section 
of  fertile  land,  and  being  one  of  the  men  who  make 
the  real  strength  of  the  community,  while  he  has  dis- 
played both  wisdom  and  integrity  in  all  his  ways, 
thus  demonstrating  him  a  leader  and  one  to  be  repre- 
sented in  the  volume  that  has  to  do  with  his  county's 
history.  Our  subject  was  born  in  Keokuk  county, 
Iowa, 'on  March  15,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Christian 
and  Frederica  (Neighbour)  Scharnhorst,  natives  of 
Germany,  but  immigrants  to  America  while  young. 
They  located  in  Iowa  and  thence  they  went  to  Kansas 
and  in  1872  came  to  Oregon  and  two  years  later  to 
the  territory  now  embraced  in  Latah  county.  Our 
subject  received  a  good  common  school  education  in 
the  county  and  remained  with  his  father  until  twenty- 
two  years  had  rolled  by.  At  that  time  the  father  gener- 
ously gave  him  a  half  section  of  fine  land  six  miles 
west  from  Genesee,  where  the  family  home  is  at 
present.  Our  subjecj.  manifested  his  proper  appre- 
ciation of  this  handsome  legacy  by  handling  it  in  a 
first  class  manner,  producing  as  high  as  ten  thousand 
bushels  of  wheat  in  one  year.  He  has  fine  buildings, 
a  good  orchard,  and  plenty  of  stock  to  handle  the 
farm,  and  everything  about  the  premises  manifests 


that  scrutinizing  care,  thrift,  industry  and  wisdom 
that  characterize  Mr.  Scharnhorst  in  all  of  his  ways. 
In  politics  he  is  with  the  class  of  citizens  who  are 
always  laboring  for  real  progress  and  advancement. 
The  school  interests  have  profited  by  his  wisdom  for 
a  number  of  years,  he  being  director. 

In  1891  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Scharnhorst 
and  Miss  Rosa,  daughter  of  Mike  and  Barbara 
(Schlee)  Hoyer,  natives  of  Wurtemberg,  Germany, 
where  the  father  died  in  August,  1889,  and  the  mother 
came  later  to  America  and  is  now  living  irt  Union- 
town,  Washington.  To  this  union  there  have  been 
born  six  children:  Louisa  F.,  Barbara  F.,  Carry  C, 
Christ  F.,  George  F.,  Fredrick.  Mr.  Scharnhorst  and 
his  family  are  allied  with  the  Lutheran  church,  and  he 
is  one  of  the  substantial  and  prominent  men  of  the 
country,  being  accorded  this  position  because  of  his 
worth  and  his  capabilites  that  have  wrought  so  well 


JAMES  M.  KINCAID.  Among  the  enterprising 
farmers  of  Latah  county  who  have  made  it  a  wealthy 
and  leading  political  division  of  the  state  of  Idaho, 
we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  subject  of  this 
article,  who  is  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  five  miles 
east  from  Palouse,  where  he  produces  excellent  crops 
of  the  cereals,  fruits  and  vegetables,  raising  also  some 
stock  and  having  his  estate  well  improved.  James 
M.  was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  Kentucky,  on 
February  17,  1861,  being  the  son  of  James  M.  and 
Oliva  (Moss)  Kincaid.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  Tennessee,'  and  was  a  farmer  and  county  commis- 
sioner in  Whitman  county,  Washington.  The  other 
children  of  this  couple  are :  Wm.  M.,  living  in  Idaho 
county;  Alvis  A.,  in  Grangeville;  John  C.,  living  in 
Pomeroy,  Washington:  Garrett  D.,  at  Palouse;  Ben- 
jamin F.,  deceased;  Joseph  E.,  in  Lewiston;  Law- 
rence K.,  Palouse:  Sarah  E.,  at  home,  Palouse.  The 
parents  journeyed  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  in  1864, 
thence  to  Iowa,  and  one  year  later  crossed  the  plains 
with  ox  teams  to  Utah,  where  they  settled  in  Proro 
City  and  followed  freighting  for  three  years.  Thence 
they  went  to  Suisun  City,  California,  and  farmed,  and 
then  removed  to  Shasta,  same  state,  and  devoted  them- 
selves to  raising  stock.  Later,  we  find  them  in  the 
vicinity  of  Roseburg,  Oregon,  farming,  whence  they 
went  to  the  Willamette  valley  and  one  year  later,  1877, 
came  to  the  Palouse  country,  the  father  taking  up  what 
is  now  the  old  homestead  of  the  family. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  personal  history 
of  the  subject  of  this  article,  we  note  that  he  attended 
school  until  he  was  thirteen  and  then  assisted  his 
father  in  the  various  employments  at  hand,  remaining 
with  the  parents  until  he  was  twenty-four  years  of 
age.  On  February  7,  1886,  he  married  Miss  Anna, 
daughter  of  William  L.  and  Rebecca  (Davis)  Powers, 
Mr.  Powers  being  a  saw  mill  man  and  Mr.  Davis  a 
farmer  in  the  vicinity  of  Colfax,  Washington.  Mrs. 
Kincaid  was  born  near  Eugene,  Oregon,  on  May  3, 
1868,  and  has  the  following  brothers :  Benjamin  W., 


7i8 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


John  F.,  Clifford  and  Willis.  To  our  subject  and  his 
wife  there  have  been  born  the  following  children: 
George  R.,  James  V..  deceased;  Herbert  A.,  Virgil 
C.,  Frederick  M.,  Ethel,  Allen,  deceased;  Clarence, 
Florence,  deceased;  Grace,  deceased;  Floyd  T.  Mr. 
Kincaid's  farm  consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
and  produces  diversified  crops.  He  is  much  interested 
in  good  schools,  and  for  six  years  he  has  been  on  the 
school  board.  Mrs,  Kincaid  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  church  and  they  are  both  highly  esteemed 
people.  • 


SUMNER  C.  LAZELLE.  The  venerable  gentle- 
man, capable  and  enterprising,  whose  name  is  at  the 
head  of  this  article,  is  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
Latah  county  and  is  one  of  its  prominent  citizens  at 
the  present  time.  He  was  born  in  Windham  county, 
near  Dover,  in  Vermont,  on  March  6,  1819,  being  the 
son  of  Isaac  and  Lucy  Lazelle,  natives,  respectively,  of 
Menden  and  Pelham,  Massachusetts,  the  father  being 
of  English  descent  and  born  in  1787.  Our  subject  was 
reared  in  his  native  place  and  well  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  the  academy.  He  remained  at  home 
until  1840  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  William  Henry 
Harrison  for  president  of  the  United  States.  He  also 
voted  for  Fremont  and  has  always  been  allied  with  the 
Republican  party.  In  1840  he  went  to  Weston,  New 
York,  and  there  taught  school,  being  also  county  su- 
perintendent of  instruction  in  Cold  Springs,  New 
York.  He  taught  and  gave  some  attention  to  farm- 
ing in  the  state  of  New  York  until  1873,  being  one  of 
the  successful  educators  of  the  state  and  time.  In 
1873  he  tame  to  Nevada,  California,  there  taking  up 
the  lumbering  business  until  1877,  at  which  time  he 
came  to  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Latah  county, 
and  after  thorough  search  selected  his  present  home- 
stead and  settled  down  to  its  improvement  and  to  the 
substantial  progress  of  the  country.  In  both  lines  he 
has  succeeded  admirably,  having  a  fine  farm  and  being 
one  of  the  respected  men  of  the  community.  Mr.  La- 
zelle had  the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  but  they 
are  now  all  dead:  Houghton,  Isaac  W.,  Harriette, 
Abigail  and  Melintha. 

On  May  15,  1846,  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
Lazelle  and  Miss  Melinda,  daughter  of  John  N.  Angle, 
a  captain  in  the  army  and  a  fanner  in  Randolph,  New 
York,  where  the  wedding  occurred.  To  this  happy 
union  there  have  been  born  the  following  issue :  Inez 
E..  widow,  living  with  her  father;  Cynthia  M.,  wife 
of  W.  K.  Eddy,  near  Palouse;  Irene  E.,  deceased; 
Isaac  W.,  farmer  near  Palouse ;  Charles  F.,  married, 
but  now  a  widower ;  Oscar  W.,  married  and  living  in 
Okanogan  county,  Washington.  Mrs.  Lazelle's  broth- 
ers and  sisters  are  named  as  follows :  Nicholas  and  a 
half-brother  Oscar  died  in  the  army;  Elonor,  wife  of 
Rufus  Spalding;  Almira.  wife  of  A.  T.  Covert,  but 
now  deceased ;  Eliza,  wife  of  E.  P>race,  living  in  Cold- 
springs,  New  York:  Lucindia,  deceased;  Phoebe,  de- 
ceased ;  Adella,  wife  of  Mr.  John  Huff,  and  living  in 
Flourfield,  St.  Joe  county,  Michigan.  Mr.  Lazelle  is 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  section,  the  country  being 


all  government  land  when  he  came.  He  has  now  an 
estate  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  well  improved 
and  cultivated  after  the  diversified  plan,  and  with 
good  buildings. 


BRYANT  M.  RUDD.  About -five  miles  east  from 
Palouse  lies  the  farm  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  It 
is  one-quarter  section,  well  improved,  having  elegant 
new  house,  good  outbuildings  and  barn,  with  large  or- 
chard. Mr.  Rudd  practices  diversified  farming  and 
from  the  time  that  he  settled  here,  1877,  until  the 
present,  he  has  been  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this 
section,  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  and  one  of  the 
substantial  and  patriotic  citizens,  having  continued  on 
his  place,  which  he  secured  by  the  right  of  homestead. 
Bryant  M.  was  born  in  Hendricks  county,  Indiana, 
twenty-five  miles  west  from  Indianapolis,  on  Decem- 
ber 27,  1837,  being  the  son  of  Ausbun  and  Elizabeth 
(Tisher)  Rudd,  natives  of  North  Carolina.  The  fa- 
ther's father  was  a  Spaniard  and  a  farmer,  while  the 
mother's  father  was  also  a  farmer.  The  brothers  and 
sisters  of  Bryant  M.  are  as  folows:  Sarah,  Colvin, 
Daniel,  James,  Nellie,  John,  Louise  J.,  Hutson,  Mellis- 
sa,  John  and  Mary  A.  Our  subject  left  home  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  and  labored  in  various  occupations  until 
he  had  reached  the  age  of  twenty-three,  attending  also 
the  public  schools  at  times.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three 
he  bought  a  farm  at  Martinsville,  Morgan  county,  In- 
diana, and  went  to  tilling  the  soil  for  himself.  On 
July  7.  1860,  he  married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of 
Louis  Meridith,  and  seventeen  years  later  he  was 
called  upon  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  wife.  Mr. 
Rudd  removed  from  Indiana  to  Wilson  county,  Kan- 
sas, and  there  bought  a  farm  and  gave  his  attention  to  . 
raising  cattle,  horses  and  hogs  until  1877,  when  he 
sold  his  property  also  and  came  to  Latah  county,  as 
mentioned  above. 

On  March  5,  1879,  in  Morgan  county,  Indiana, 
Mr.  Rudd  contracted  a  second  marriage,  Mrs.  Sarah 
vDilley)  Howell  becoming  his  wife  then.  She  is  the 
daughter  of  Arthur  M.  and  Elizabeth  E.  (Mclnturf) 
Dilley,  natives,  respectively,  of  Ohio  and  Tennessee. 
The  father  was  active  in  the  realm  of  politics,  labored 
at  the  carpenter.'s  trade,  was  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist church  and  a  leading  citizen  of  his  community. 
To  this  marriage  there  have  been  born  the  following 
named  children :  Charlie,  died  on  November  5,  1879 ; 
Letha  J.,  wife  of  Birt  Crooks,  living  one  and  one-half 
miles  east  from  Palouse,  an/1  the  mother  of  two  boys, 
Orville  and  Floyd.  By  her  former  marriage  Mrs. 
Rudd  had  the  following" named  children:  Albert,  Ed- 
win and  Franklin.  Mr.  Rudd's  children  by  his  first 
wife  are  named  as  follows:  Tyrannas,  deceased; 

Tamsy,  also  married  and  living  in  the  same  place; 
Alexander  S.,  married  and  living  at  Portland,  Ore- 
gon. In  the  time  of  the  civil  strife  Mr.  Rudd  enlisted 
in  Company  B,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-eighth  In- 
diana Infantry,  and  did  faithful  service  until  the  time 
of  his  honorable  discharge.  Mr.  Rudd  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  and  in  political  matters  he  is  always  activ< 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


719 


being  allied  with  the  Republican  party.  He  and  his 
wife  are  devout  members  of  the  Methodist  church  in 
Palouse  and  he  is  one  of  the  highly  respected  men  of 


settling 


father 
Davi 


JOSEPH  DAVIDSON.  Since  the  days  of  1879 
Mr.  Davidson  has  labored  and  toiled  in  this  section 
of  the  country,  having  done  commendable  service  as 
a  citizen  and  tiller  of  the  soil.  His  estate  of  one-quar- 
ter section  lies  three  miles  west  from  Kendrick.  He 
homesteaded  the  land  in  1879  a"d  it  has  been  the  fam- 
ily home  since  that  year.  Mr.  Davidson  was  born  in 
Colechester  county,  Nova  Scotia,  on  June  20,  1848, 
being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Fulton)  David- 
son. His  mother  died  when  he  was  ten  years  of  age. 
Three  years  subsequent  to  that  sad  event  the  father  re- 
with his  family  to  Marin  county,  California, 
Petaluma.  Our  subject  was  educated 
place  and  in  California  he  assisted  his 
i  the  "business  of  dairying,  which  the  elder 
i  had  taken  up,  remaining  with  him  until  he 
had  reached  his  twenty-second  year,  when  he  started 
in  business  for  himself,  taking  up  the  dairying  busi- 
ness on  an  adjoining  ranch  and  following  it  for  eight 
years.  During  this  time  he  took  a  trip  to  Nova  Scotia 
and  in  1879  he  came  to  Latah  county  territory  and 
took  as  a  homestead  the  land  where  he  dwells  today. 
This  lies  three  miles  west  from  Kendrick  and  is  well 
improved,  having  comfortable  buildings  and  an  or- 
chard of  twelve  acres  which  is  devoted  mostly  to 
prunes. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Davidson  and  Miss  Margaret 
E.,  daughter  of  George  and  Margaret  (Howard) 
Rutherford,  was  solemnized  on  June  6,  1879,  in  Cole- 
chester county,  Nova  Scotia,  she  being  a  native  of 
that  county  and  where  her  parents  are  farmers.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davidson  there  have  been  born  the  fol- 
lowing children,  George  T.,  Rilla  M.,  Fred  F.,  Bertha 
M.,  Byard  and  Clifford.  Mr.  Davidson  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  on  American 
ridge  and  they  are  good  citizens  and  have  the  con- 
fidence and  regards  of  all  who  know  them,  being  affa- 
ble and  genial  neighbors,  upright  in  their  walk  and 
capable  and  enterprising  in  all  their  business  relations. 


JAMES  M.  EMERSON,  deceased.  The  good 
men  who  assisted  to  build  Latah  county  are  passing 
away  and  notable  among  that  number  is  the  subject 
of  this  memoir.  He  was  a  noble  and  good  man,  al- 
ways allied  on  the  side  of  progression  and  right,  and 
being  one  of  the  brave  defenders  of  the  flag  at  a  time 
when  treason  would  have  sullied  its  fair  folds.  James 
M.  Emerson  was  born  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  on 
May  2,  1839,  a  son  of  Brown  and  Lucinda  Emerson. 
He 'was  educated  there  and  part  of  his  time  was  spent 
in  clerking  in  a  grocery  store  and  part  on  the  farm 
with  his  father.  When"  the  civil  strife  lowered,  and 
the  call  came  for  men,  brave  and  true,  to  stand  for  the 
honor  of  the  country  and  the  defense  of  our  homes, 


young  Emerson  was  quick  to  respond  and  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  Fifty-first  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  and 
for  three  years  he  served  faithfully,  being  in  Sherman's 
army.  He  was  captured  in  the  battle  of  Stone  River, 
but  was  soon  exchanged  and  continued  in  the  service 
until  1864.  Then  he  returned  to  Keene,  Ohio,  and 
there  entered  the  mercantile  business  which  occupied 
his  attention  until  1870,  the  date  when  he  migrated  to 
Elk  county,  Kansas.  In  that  state  he  farmed  until 
1882  and  then  sold  his  possessions  and  came  hence  to 
Latah  county.  He  homesteaded  the  land  where  the 
old  home  place  is  and  there  bestowed  his  labors  and 
skill  until  the  time  when  the  summons  came  for  him 
to  pass  within  the  veil  that  divides  this  world  from  that 
which  is  to  come.  He  died  as  he  had  lived,  a  Chris- 
tian and  devout  man.  He  was  a  faithful  member  of 
the  Methodist  church  and  his  life  was  an  example  to 
all.  The  sad  day  of  his  departure  was  March  n, 
1890. 

Mr.    Emerson   left  a  wife   and   four   children   to 

September  5,  1865,  Miss  Martha  Brilhart  becoming  his 
wife  at  that  time.  Her  parents,  John  and  Jane  (Hall) 
Brilhart  came  to  Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  from  Penn- 
sylvania, her  native  state,  when  she  was  a  baby.  The 
children  mentioned  are  Eugene,  born  June  22,  1866,  at 
Spring  Mountain,  Ohio,  married  Miss  India  Bogue, 
a  native  of  Canada,  and  he  makes  his  home  with  his 
mother  still ;  Arsella,  Carrie  and  Edgar.  They  are  all 
at  home  and  the  aggregate  real  estate  holdings  of  the 
family  amounts  to  ten  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  fine 
land." 


JOHN  SULLIVAN.  To  this  enterprising  and 
capable  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  article  we 
are  pleased  to  grant  a  representation  in  this  volume  of 

citizens  of  today  and  has  labored  in  the  years  past  with 
assiduity  and  sagacity  both  for  the  prosecution  of  his 
business  enterprises  and  the  upbuilding  of  the  county, 
being  also  a  man  of  integrity  and  worth  and  one  of  the 
heavy  property  owners  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Sullivan  was  born  in  county  Cork,  Ireland,  in 
December.  1875,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  Sul- 
livan, also  natives  of  the  same  country,  whence  they 
came  to  America,  settling  first  in  Michigan,  then  mi- 
grating to  California  and  in  1884  coming  to  Latah 
county.  Here  they  bought  a  man's  right  on  a  timber 
culture  and  filed  a  pre-emption,  later  taking  a  timber 
culture  where  they  still  live.  Our  subject  came  to 
America  with  his  mother,  his  father  having  come  some 
six  years  previous,  and  he  remained  with  his  parents 
until  1892,  then  entered  partnership  with  his  father 
until  1900,  at  which  time  he  bought  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres  of  land,  six  miles  west  from  Genesee,  where 
he  lives  at  the  present  time.  His  farm  is  well  improved 
with  buildings  and  so  forth  and  is  one  of  the  finest 
pieces  of  agricultural  land  in  the  entire  county,  pro- 


vear.  "  Mr.  Sullivan  raises  considerable  stock,  as  cattle, 
hogs  and  horses.     He  is  also  interested  much  in  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


local  and  state  politics,  always  manifesting  the  con- 
cern that  becomes  the  intelligent  and  progressive  citi- 
zen. Mr.  Sullivan  has  one  sister,  Mary  Jacobs,  living 
with  him,  and  two  brothers,  Tim  Sullivan,  married  to 
Loudena  Reilly  and  living  in  Nez  Ferces  county,  and 
Dan  Sullivan,  living  with  his  father.  Our  subject  is 
affiliated  with  the  Roman  Catholic  church  and  is  a 
faithful  adherent  of  the  faith  and  supporter  of  the 


DAVID  R.  DAVIS.  The  subject  of  this  article, 
as  will  be  seen  by  the  outline  of  his  life,  is  a  man  of 
great  enterprise  and  energy,  being  dominated  by  a 
high  order  of  wisdom  and  possessed  of  excellent  prac- 
tical judgment  in  all  the  business  affairs  that  have 
been  prosecuted  by  him  in  his  eventful  career,  and  he 
is  now  one  of  the  leading  agriculturists,  stockmen, 
and  fruit  producers  of  Latah  county,  in  many  par- 
ticulars taking  the  lead  of  all  others.  David  R.  was 
born  in  Denbigh,  North  Wales,  on  March  28,  1845, 
being  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Roberts)  Davis. 
The  parents  were  natives  of  Wales,  and  the  mother 
died  there  at  the  age  of  thirty-six  and  the  father 
passed  away  in  Corwin,  Wales,  being  aged  severity. 
Our  subject  received  a  good  education  in  the  practi- 
cal lines  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  started  on  a 
career  for  himself,  emigrating  first  to  America,  where 
he  followed  mining  for  many  years  in  various  places 
and  under  various  conditions.  'He  'mined  coal  in  Vir- 
ginia first,  then  two  years  was  spent  in  the  same  work 
in  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania,  three  years 
were  spent  in  Akron,  Ohio,  and  one  year  in  the  coal 
mines  at  Murphysboro,  Illinois.  Then 'he  turned  to  the 
west  and  mined  for  precious  metals  in  Central  City, 
Colorado,  one  year,  then  a  year  and  one-half  were  put 
in  at  Rock  Springs,  Wyoming,  mining  coal,  then  we 
find  him  in  Eureka,4  Nevada,  digging  silver  two  years, 
then  to  Butte  county,  California,  mining  for  gold 
one  year,  and  finally,  in  1878,  he  came  to  Genesee, 
Idaho.  He  took  a  homestead  six  miles  east  from 
Genesee,  and  split  rails  to  fence  it  with.  He  broke 
twenty  acres  the  first  year,  and  added  some  each  year 
until  the  farm  was  well  under  cultivation.  It  has  a 
hog  tight  fence  all  around  it,  and  is  cross  fenced  in 
the  same  way.  He  sells  annually  about  forty  hogs, 
having  the  finest  breeds ;  markets  three  thousand 
bushels  of  grain  each  year,  and  a  car  load  of  dried 
prunes  besides  much  other  produce  and  fruit.  The 
farm  is  laid  out  with  excellent  wisdom,  planned  and 
improved  with  a  skill  and  taste  that  manifests  rare 
ability.  A  fine  residence  is  first  to  mention,  then  we 
find  commodious  barns  and  out  buildings  and  every- 
thing that  is  useful  and  that  adds  comfort  and  attrac- 
tiveness to  a  rural  estate.  Mr.  Davis  has  a  fruit  dryer 
thirty-six  by  fifty-six  with  twenty  foot  posts,  which 
handles  a  car  load  of  dried  fruit  in  less  than  a  month. 
He  has  e'ght  hundred  and  fifty  Italian  prunes,  five 
hundred  assorted  peaches,  cherries,  pears,  apples  and 
al  kinds  of  fruits  indigineous  to  this  latitude. 

Mr.  Davis  is  a  power  in  politics  and  gives  strong 
adherence  to  the  tenets  of  the  Republican  party,  hav- 


ing done  good  work  in  its  ranks.  He  has  acted  dif- 
ferent times  as  road  supervisor  and  has  done  a  giant's 
portion  to  assist  in  the  development  of  the  county. 
Socially  Mr.  Davis  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  is  highly  esteemed  by  all. 


CHRISTIAN  SCHARNHORST.  This  worthy 
and  venerable  pioneer  and  substantial  citizen  of  Latah 
county  is  eminently  fitted,  both  because  of  his  real 
worth  as  a  man  and  because  of  the  excellent  work  that 
he  has  done  here  for  the  development  and  upbuilding 
of  the  county,  to  be  prominently  represented  in  the 
volume  that  has  to  do  with  its  history  and  we  accord 
him  space  for  the  events  of  an  interesting  and  well 
spent  career,  assured  that  no  more  worthy  citizen  can 
be  portrayed  in  this  work  since  his  labors  speak  out 
his  worth.  Christian  was  born  in  Germany  on  Sep- 
tember 26,  1834,  being  the  son  of  Christian  and  Dor- 
othy (Krager)  Scharnhorst.  They  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1844  and  settled  in  Keokuk  county,  Iowa,  where 
they  tilled  the  soil  until  the  time  of  their  death,  both 
being  buried  in  the  Methodist  cemetery  in  Harper. 
Iowa.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
Germany  and  in  Iowa,  and  remained  with  his  father 
until  he  had  attained  his  twenty-third  year,  then 
rented  a  farm  there  until  1872,  when  he  went  across 
the  plains  with  mule  teams  to  Oregon,  intending,  how- 
ever, to  go  to  California,  but  being  turned  toward  the 
Willamette  valley  by  favorable  reports  on  the  road. 
The  train  of  sixteen  wagons  was  five  months  on  the 
road,  and  then  he  rented  a  farm  for  two  years  in  Ore- 
gon, after  which  he  came  to  Latah  county  and  home- 
steaded  and  pre-empted  a  half  section,  broke  it  all  up 
and  then  took  eighty  acres  as  a  timber  culture  claim. 
He  added  an  adjoining  half  section  to  his  fine  body  of 
land  by  purchase  then  and  later  enough  more  to  make 
seven  hundred  and  eighty  acres  in  all.  When  his 
boys  came  of  age  he  gave  them  one-half  section  each, 
as 'stated  elsewhere  in  this  work,  retaining  only  eighty 
acres  for  himself,  which  the  boys  farm. 

In  1856  Mr.  Scharnhorst  married  Miss  Frederika, 
daughter  of  Carl  and  Charlotta  (Krouse)  Neubauer, 
natives  of  Germany,  but  migrating  to  America  in  1856 
and  locating  in  Iowa  where  they  rest  at  the  present 
time  in  the  Lutheran  cemetery  near  Sigourney.  To 
our  worthy  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  there  have 
been  born  the  following  children. — Dora  F.,  married 
to  Herman  Nablsick  and  living  in  Genesee;  Louise, 
married  to  Mathias  Carbuhn,  living  close  to  Union- 
town,  Washington:  Dedrick  J.,  married  to  Minnie 
Oldah  and  living  in  Genesee;  Tenie  F.,  married  to 
Frank  Sclator  and  living  in  Spokane  county,  Wash- 
ington ;  Caroline  L.,  married  to  Jake  Scley,  living 
close  to  Uniontown.  Washington ;  Mary  D.,  married 
to  Henry  Herman,  residing  in  Latah  county;  Freder- 
ick, married  to  Rosa  Haire,  living  in  Latah  county; 
Charles  J..  married  to  Mary  Burchett,  living  in  Latah 
county.  Mr.  Scharnhorst  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church  as  is  his  wife  also.  His  brother  is  soon  com- 
ing from  Germany  and  they  are  representatives  of  a 


FARM  OF  DAVID  R.  DAVIS. 


DAVID  R.  DAVIS. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


721 


good  family  that  has  manifested  great  zeal  and  energy 
in  labors  for  the  good  of  their  fellows  and  in  building 
up  and  progress.  Mr.  Scharnhorst  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  Latah  county  and  he  is  justly  deserving 
of  the  honor  that  is  due  the  true  pioneer,  the  capable 
citizen,  and  the  good  man,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  have  been  enabled  to  give  this  epitome  of  a  useful 
and  interesting  life. 


VIRGIL  RANDALL.     It  is  exceedingly  pleasant 

I  to  be  able  to  chronicle  the  points  of  the  interesting 
career  of  the  estimable  and  enterprising  gentleman, 
whose  name  appears  above,  having  come  of  a  noted 
family  and  having  fully  sustained  the  reputation  of 
his  ancestors  for  skill  and  talent,  both  by  his  capable 
efforts  in  his  labors  and  in  working  out  the  bright 
success  that  is  now  crowning  his  pathway. 

Mr.  Randall  is  one  of  the  large  farmers  of  Latah 

|  county,  owns  five  hundred  and  forty  acres  five  miles 
southeast  from  Palouse,  upon  which  stands  the  first 
frame  and  painted  building  in  northern  Idaho.  He 
has  at  present  a  new  and  commodious  structure  as  the 
family  home.  His  farm  is  well  tilled,  produces  abund- 

I  ance  of  the  grasses  and  cereals  while  also  he  raises' 
considerable  stock.  The  original  quarter  section  of 
the  farm  was  taken  as  a  homestead  by  Mrs.  Randall, 
who  rode  through  a  hostile  Indian  country  forty  miles 
on  horseback  to  Lewiston  to  make  the  filing.  The 
marriage  of  this  worthy  couple  occurred  on  the  farm 
adjoining  the  homestead,  which  also  they  now  own, 
the  elate  of  the  happy  event  being  April  14,  1878,  and 
to  bless  the  union  there  have  been  born  to  them  the 
following  children,  Dora  and  Cora,  twins,  Cora  being 
a  graduate  of  the  Moscow  high  school  and  now  at- 
tending the  normal  at  Lewiston;  Fannie,  teaching; 

|  Grover,  at  home.  Turning  more  particularly  to  the 
early  personal  history  of  Mr.  Randall,  we  note  that  he 
was"  one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  his  brothers  and 
sisters  being,  Michael  A.,  Elizabeth,  Euler,  Raphael, 
Euclid,  Mary,  and  Emily.  Our  subject  was  born  on 
July  13,  1843,  in  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  near 
Harrisburg,  at  Anchor  Tavern,  a  noted  tavern  of  that 
country  and  run  by  his  father.  His  parents  were 
Reuben  W.  and  Katherine  Randall.  The  father  was 
a  man  of  great  erudition,  but  possessed  of  becoming 
modesty  that  always  precluded  ostentatious  effort  for 
personal  preferment  in  public,  although  he  was  offered 
the  chair  of  mathematics  in  a  number  of  institutions 
of  higher  learning.  Such  men  as  McCreary,  Belknap, 
Story  and  others  of  Grant's  cabinet  were  'warm  per- 
sonal friends  of  Mr.  Randall.  Commodore  Foote,  a 
noted  mathematician,  frequently  wrote  to  Mr.  Randall 
for  assistance  in  various  problems,  and  the  subject  of 
this  article  has  at  the  present  time  these  letters  which 
came  to  his  father.  Our  subject  came  from  a  family 
of  poets.  His  father  published  mathematical"" works 
and  his  grandfather  was  the  author  of  several  books 
of  poems.  Our  subject  came  with  his  parents  to  St. 
Louis  when  three  years  of  age  and  in  1847  tne  family 
went  to  Keokuk,  Iowa.  Twenty  years  they  lived  there, 

46 


the  father  being  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  Vir- 
gil was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  in  1864 
made  a  trip  to  Virginia  City,  Montana.  He  drove 
four  yokes  of  oxen  and  from  the  train  one  or  two  men 
were  'killed  by  the  Indians.  Later  he  returned  to  Iowa 
and  ran  on  a  steamer  from  Keokuk  to  St.  Louis  and 
in  1867  went  to  New  York  and  took  steamer  via  Pana- 
ma to  California.  From  San  Francisco,  he  went  to- 
San  Joaquin  and  six  years  later  went  to  Butte  county, 
being  engaged  in  farming  in  both  places.  After  that 
he  came  to  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Latah  coun- 
ty, stopping  first  with  a  brother  whose  farm  adjoins 
that  of  our  subject,  then  later  taking  the  farm  as  above 
mentioned. 

Mrs.  Randall  was  formerly  Miss  Dora  F.  Walker, 


being  the  daughter  of  Harvey  S.  and  Lavisa  (Morse) 
Walker,  the  mother  being  a  distant  relative  of  the 
great  electrician  Morse.  The  father  and  mother  were 


. 

of  New  York,  and  came  from  their  farm  in 
that  state  to  California  in  an  early  day.  Mrs.  Randall 
was  born  in  Dodge  county,  Wisconsin,  and  went  with 
her  parents  to  California.  She  has  one  sister,  Susan, 
who  is  now  deceased.  Mr.  Randall  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.,  joining  in  1892.  His  wife  is  a  member 
of  the  Christian  church.  He  ran  for  the  office  of 
county  commissioner  and  by  only  seventeen  votes  did 
his  opponent  win  the  day.  His  farm  is  one  of  the 
best  and  finest  in  the  county,  has  fine  buildings,  twenty 
acres  of  orchard,,  forty  of  meadow,  and  produces 
abundant  returns. 


CHARLES  H.  ODERLIN.  In  every  particular 
the  fine  premises  of  Mr.  Oderlin  manifest  the  proprie- 
tor of  the  estate  a  man  of  thrift,  enterprise,  and  in- 


less  manifest  among  his  fellows,  being  a  man  of  un- 
tarnished reputation  and  one  of  the  substantial  and 
leading  citizens  of  the  entire  county.  Charles  H.  was 
born  in  Schuylkill  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  August  28, 
1849,  being  the  son  of  Nicholas  and  Katherine  Oderlin. 
The  father  was  a  stone  mason  and  a  native  of  the  old 
country  and  the  mother  also  was  born  in  Switzerland. 
At  the  age  of  five  years,  Charles  was  brought  by  his 
parents  to  Plainfield,  Illinois,  where  the  mother 'died 
in  1857.  The  father  worked  there  at  his  trade  until 
1865,  the  son  meanwhile  attending  school,  and  then  a 
move  was  made  to  Woodson  county,  Kansas.  The  fa- 
ther bought  a  quarter  section  and  went  to  fanning. 
Our  subject  remained  there  until  1869,  then  farmed 
for  himself  until  1872,  in  which  year  occurred  the 
happy  event  of  his  life,  namely  his  marriage  with  Miss 
Malissa  Dee,  daughter  of  Jeremiah  and  Louise  Dee, 
natives  respectively  of  Ohio  and  Scott  county,  Illinois. 
Mrs.  Oderlin  was  born  in  Hancock  county,  Illinois. 
Subsequent  to  his  marriage,  Mr.  Oderlin  rented  his 
father's  place  and  farmed  it  for  two  years,  then  raised 
stock  and  farmed  until  1877,  in  which  year  he  sold  out 
and  started  on  July  6,  for  Idaho,  arriving  here  four 
months  later.  After  due  exploration  and  investigation, 
he  selected  his  present  place,  five  miles  east  from  Pa- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


louse.  He  pre-empted  and  then  homesteaded  and  for 
twenty-five  years  he  has  been  laboring  for  the  improve- 
ment of  his  estate,  for  the  advancement  of  the  county, 
and  the  upbuilding  of  all  its  interests.  He  owns  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land,  has  an  elegant  resi- 
dence, fine  barns  and  the  entire  estate  is  tasty,  attrac- 
tive and  valuable. 

The  following  children  have  been  born  to  our 
worthy  subject  and  his  estimable  wife,  Bert  C,  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  the  university  at  Mos- 
cow; Katie,  died  in  1878;  Iva,  died  in  1882;  Ethel  C., 
who  will  graduate  from  the  university  at  Moscow  in 
1903.  Mr.  Oderlin  always  takes  a  great  interest  in 
politics,  having  been  central  committeeman  for  five 
years,  and  always  laboring  for  good  men  in  office,  but 
ever  refusing  the  offers  for  political  preferment  for 
himself.  He  has  been  urged  to  run  for  county  com- 
missioner but  steadily  refuses.  In  educational  mat- 
lers,  Mr.  Oderlin  has  always  been  zealous  and  active, 
believing  in  good  schools  and  willing  to  pay  the  taxes 
to  secure  them.  He  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  and  a 
Worthy  citizen. 


JOSEPH  L.  McCLELLAN.  This  capable  and 
enterprising  farmer,  whose  life  has  been  filled  with 
worthy  labors  for  the  upbuilding  and  advancement  of 
the  sections  where  his  lot  has  been  cast,  was  one,  too, 
who  quickly  responded  to  the  caH  of  patriotism  and 
gave  his  services  faithfully  for  the  defense  of  the 
country,  in  a  time  when  fratricidal  strife  was  rending 
the  fair  republic  in  twain. 

Joseph  L.  was  born  in  Noble  county,  Ohio,  near 
Sharon,  on  December  3,  1847,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Sarah  E.  (Smost)  McClellan.  The  father  was  a 
locomotive  engineer  and  was  killed  on  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  railroad  in  1855.  Then  our  subject  went  to 
live  with  his  grandmother  Smost  in  Lawrence,  Kan- 
sas, where  he  attended  the  public  school  until  he  was 
fifteen  years  of  age,  at  which  time  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany A.  Ninth  Kansas.  He  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  and  his  company  was  the 
first  that  went  into  Van  Buren,  Arkansas.  He  served 
over  three  years  and  was  mustered  out  at  Duval's 
bluff.  Arkansas,  in  June,  1865.  He  returned  to  Law- 
rence and  purchased  a  farm  four  miles  from  the  city 
and  devoted  his  energies  to  tilling  the  soil  there  for  one 
year  and  then  sold  and  went  to  Clinton,  working  in  a 
flooring  mill  for  two  years.  In  1868,  he  went  to 
Ouincy,  Missouri,  and  two  years  later  he  returned  to 
Clinton  and  worked  in  a  mill,  then  went  to  Chautauqua 
county,  Kansas,  and  took  up  a  preemption  and  for 
eight  years  he  raised  stock  and  worked  in  the  mill,  and 
handled  the  land.  1878  was  the  date  he  started  for 
Idaho  with  mule  teams,  being  one  hundred  and  six 
days  on  the  road.  On  August  6,  he  landed  in  Pull- 
man, Washington,  and  after  due  exploration  he  took 
his  present  place  four  and  one-half  miles  southeast 
from  Palouse,  where  he  has'  lived  ever  since,  being 
one  of  the  leading  farmers  and  respected  citizens. 

On  January  n,  1866,  Mr.  McClellan  married  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Bell,  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Bashabee 


(Pell),  the  father  being  a  farmer  and  sheriff  of  his 
county,  and  both  being  natives  of  Virginia.     To  this 
union  there  have  been  born  two  children,  Kate  A.  and 
Evart  A.     In  the   fall  of   1894,  Mr.  McClellan  con- 
tracted  a   second   marriage,   the   lady  being   Amanda 
Brown,  daughter  of  Zena  and  Mary  "Edwards,  natives  ; 
of  Union  county,  Tennessee.    Her  father  was  a  wagon 
maker  and  her  grandfather  was  also  a  Tennesseean  and 
a  blacksmith.     Mrs.   McClellan  had  four  sisters  and  > 
three  brothers  and  by  her  former  marriage  she  has  the 
following  children,  Minnie,  married  and  living  in  Pa- 
louse;  Thomas  belongs  to  the  regular  army  in  Mis-1 
soula,  Montana ;  Joseph,  Frank,  Effie  and  Roy  at  home. 
Mr.  McClellan  has  two  brothers,  William  J."  and  Fin- 
ley  W.     Mr.  McClellan  is  a  Republican  and  active  in  | 
politics  and  in  his  business  enterprises  he  has  shown 
marked  enterprise  and  sagacity,  having  now  a  goodl 
estate  well  stocked  and  excellently  handled. 


ELMER   P.    PALMER.     This   real   pioneer   and 
builder  of  the  county  is  eminently  fitted  for  representa- 
tion in  any  work  that  has  to  do  with  the  leading  citi- 
zens of  this  section,  being  a  man  of  fine  capabilities  • 
and     having      maintained     an     unsullied      reputation 
through  out  his  interesting  career.     Mr.  Palmer  is  a 
native  of  Indiana,  being  born  in  St.  Joseph  county,  on 
March  17,  1854,  the  son  of  Asher  H.  and  Nancy  Pal-  : 
mer.     The  father  was  born  in  Fredonia,  New  York,  j 
in  1801,  and  was  an  active  pioneer,  as  was  his  father 
before  him.    The  mother  was  a  native  of  Erie  county,  \ 
Pennsylvania,  born  in  1818  of  Dutch  lineage,  and  her 
father'  was   merchant    from    New    Amsterdam.      The 
parents  removed  from  Indiana,  the  birth  place  of  our  I 
subject,  to  Minnesota  when  he  was  an  infant.     Set- 
tlement was  made  in  this  last  state  in  Fillmore  county,  I 
where  a  homestead  was  taken  and  there  they  farmed  | 
for  about  eighteen  years.     Then  the  father  sold  out  I 
and  went  to  Nebraska,  remaining  two  years,  and  in 
1873  our  subject  came  to  Portland.     One  year  later 
he  came  to  the  section  where  he  now  lives,  it  then  be-  j 
i-ag  Nez  Perces  county.    He  settled  on  his  present  place 
and  his  brother,  C.  W..  also  came  here  at  the  same  I 
time.    The  first  winter  was  very  severe,  and  the  game  j 
was  slaughtered  mercilessly  by  the  settlers.     At  that  j 
time  Walla  Walla  was  the  principal  trading  post  of  any 
importance  and  no  settlers  were  between  the  high  hills 
south  of  where  Viola  now  stands  and  the  Palouse  river  . 
with   the   exception   of   three.      Mr.    Palmer   and   his 
brother  still  live  on  their  original  farms  and  they  have 
been  prospered.     Our  subject  ships  fruit  and  has  for 
ten  years  and  now  has  a  large  young  orchard  of  about ' 
forty  acres.    He  is  at  present  milking  fifteen  cows  and  I 
ships  cream  to  the  Hazelwood  company  at  Spokane. 
Mr.  Palmer  has  a  fine  farm  adjoining  Viola,  an  ele- 
gant residence,  and  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  men 
of  the  section.    He  does  not  raise  much  wheat,  but  is 
sowing  much  clover  for  the  use  of  his  cows. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Palmer  and  Miss  Rosa  L., 


daughter  of    Tames  and   Lucy   Maxwell,   was   solem- 
nized  near   Whelan,    Whitman    county,    Washington, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


723 


and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  the  following 
children',  Harry  M.,  F.  Glen,  and  Claude  E.,  all  at 
home.  Mrs.  Palmer's  father  is  a  farmer  near  Whelan 
and  served  in  the  Civil  war  under  Sherman  for  three 
years,  being  now  the  recipient  of  a  pension  for  the 
valiant  and  hard  service  which  he  did,  which  broke 
down  his  health.  Mr.  Palmer  is  a  firm  believer  in 
good  schools  and  is  an  advocate  of  having  them 
well  supported  by  taxation.  He  and  his  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Adv'entist  church.  They  are  leading  peo- 
ple of  the  community  and  are  well  liked  by  al. 


GEORGE  H.  DOUGHARTY.  The  thrifty  and 
enterprising  farmers  and  fruit  raisers  of  Latah  county 
have  made  her  what  she  is  today,  one  of  the  leading 

Bounties  of  the  state;  and  among  this  number  who 

fhave  thus  worthily  wrought,  we  are  glad  to  mention 
the  name  of  the  gentleman  of  whom  we  now  now  have 
the  privilege  of  writing.  He  has  been  here  since  the 
early  days,  being  a  pioneer  when  the  stretches  of 
wildwoods  and  prairies  were  to  be  seen  on  every  hand, 
and  he  has  steadily  labored  here  since  and  justly  de- 
serves the  place  among  the  real  builders  of  the  county 
where  he  stands. 

f  Mr.  Dougharty  was  born  in  Amador  county,  Cali- 
fornia, on  December  24,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Elizabeth  (Brown)'  Dougharty.  The  parents 

[came  to  California  from  Illinois  in  1850,  and  when 
George  H.  was  four  years  of  age,  they  removed  from 
Amador  county  to  Contra  Costa  county,  sixteen  miles 
from!  Oakland,  and  there  they  remained  until  our 
subject  was  twenty-three  years  of  age.  He  was  edu- 
cated there  and  assisted  his  father  in  the  work  on  the 
farm.  In  1878  he  came  to  the  territory  now  embraced 
in  Latah  county,  and  at  the  spot  where  we  find  the 
family  home  at  the  present  day,  he  took  a  homestead 
and  his  skill  and  industry  and  thrift  have  been  dis- 
played here  ever  since  with  the  result  that  he  has  one 
of  the  well  paying  and  highly  cultivated  estates  of  the 
county.  It  is  located  three  miles  west  of  Kendrick 
and  in  the  finest  fruit  belt  in  the  west.  He  has  twenty- 
five  acres  devoted  to  apples  and  some  few  trees  of 
other  fruits  and  his  orchard  is  a  handsome  dividend 
payer. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Dougharty  is  affiliated  with  the 
W.  of  W.,  Lodge  No.  204,  at  Kendrick.  His  marriage 
with  Miss  Dora,  daughter  of  Tilman  and  Angeline 
(Turner)  Jennings,  was  celebrated  at  Moscow,  on 
October  31,  1884,  and  they  have  three  children,  Arie, 
Clarence  and  Lawrence.  Mrs.  Dougharty's  father  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  section  and  still  lives  in  the 
vicinitv  of  Genesee. 


SAMUEL  T.  SILVEY  is  one  of  the  enterprisnig 
men  of  the  vicinity  of  Viola,  Idaho,  and  a  leading 
stockman,  agriculturist  and  orchardist.  He  was  born 
on  October  4,  1861,  in  Marion  county,  Indiana.  His 


parents  were  Presley  A.  and  Diana  (White)  Silvey. 
The  father  was  a  blacksmith  at  the  home  place,  and 
was  born  in  1831,  forty-five  miles  south  from  Indian- 
apolis. He  was  drafted  but  never  sent  to  the  front  in 
the  Civil  war.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1837,  and  came  with  her  parents  in  early  Indian  times 
to  Indiana.  Her  brothers  were  all  soldiers  in  the 
Civil  war  and  one  perished  there.  Our  subject  re 
mained  in  Indiana  for  eleven  years  and  then  came  with 
the  family  to  Lafayette  county,  Missouri,  where  the 
father  followed  his  trade  and  Samuel  T.  learned  car- 
pentering. Fourteen  years  later  the  parents  returned 
to  Indiana,  and  this  son  came  west  to  Hutchinson, 
Kansas,  working  one  year  there  at  his  trade  and  th 
in  1887,  he  journeyed  to  Idaho,  settling 
Saw  milling  engaged  him  for  two  years  a 
turned  again  to  his  trade,  working  also  one 
Nez  Perces  reservation,  erecting  houses  for  the  In- 
dians. About  1898  he  settled  on  his  present  farm, 
one  mile  south  from  Viola  and  has  given  his  attention 
to  farming.  Mr.  Silvey  practices  the  diversified  plan, 
but  derives  his  greatest  revenue  from  stock  and  intends 
to  soon  raise  much  of  the  finer  breeds.  He  also  gives 
attention  to  the  production  of  fine  grasses,  experiment- 
ing much  with  various  kinds.  Mr.  Silvey  has  also 
a  fine  ten-acre  orchard  from  which  he  de 


Viola. 

d  then  he 

on  the 


a  good 


On  July  23,  1898,  at  Moscow,  occurred  the  mar- 
riage of  Mr.  Silvey  and  Hattie  A.  (Harrison)  Hoi- 
brook,  the  daughter  of  E.  B.  and  Jane  (Sherer)  Harri- 
son, who  lives  one  mile  east  from  Viola.  To  this  union 
there  has  been  born  one  child,  Earl.  By  her  first  hus- 
band, Mrs.  Silvey  has  three  children,  as  follows  :  Silas 
H.,  Roy  H.  and  May  A.  Mrs.  Silvey  has  been  a 
teacher  for  a  number  of  years  and  taught  one  of  the 
first  schools  at  Viola.  Fraternally  Mr.  Silvey  is  a 
member  of  the  Maccabees,  Viola  Lodge,  No.  14.  He 
was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  of  his  precinct,  but  not 
desiring  public  honors,  refused  to  qualify.  Mr.  Sil- 
vey has  always  been  active  in  the  matter  of  educa- 
tional affairs  "and  strives  for  the  betterment  of  the 
schools.  Politically  he  is  identified  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  He  is  a  progressive,  enterprising  and 
energetic  man  and  good  citizen  and  does  much  intel- 
ligent labor  in  his  experiments  for  the  betterment  of 
the  condition  of  all.  He  receives  the  esteem  and  con- 
fidence of  all  of  his  fellows. 


RUFUS  M.  BOWLES.  No  citizen  is  better 
known  and  more  highly  appreciated  and  esteemed  by 
the  public  in  general  about  Viola  than  the  gentleman, 
of  worth  and  honor,  whose  name  heads  this  article, 
being  a  general  merchant  at  that  place  and  postmaster. 
Mr.  Bowles  was  born  in  Frederick  county,  Mary- 
land, on  November  4,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Captain 
Samuel  and  Mahala  (Gave'r)  Bowles.  The  father  was 
a  prominent  man  of  that  section,  being  representative 
from  his  county  to  the  state  legislature  and  captain 
of  the  home  guards  during  the  Civil  war.  Our  subject 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


remained  there  until  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age, 
receiving  a  good  education  in  the  public  schools  and 
the  academy,  and  a  business  training.  1874  was  the 
date  when  he  left  the  native  place  and  went  to  Spring- 
field, Ohio,  acting  as  salesman  in  a  store  there  for  one 
year,  then  continuing  his  westward  journey  to  Sioux 
City,  Iowa,  where  he  worked  for  two  years  and  then 
went  to  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1877.  He  remained  there 
until  1884.  He  taught  school  in  The  Dalles  and  went 
thence  to  Puget  Sound,  taking  a  timber  claim  in  Lewis 
county  and  in  1889  he  sold  it  and  came  to  Spokane, 
Washington,  arriving  there  two  days  after  the  fire. 
One  year  was  spent  there  running  a  restaurant,  then 
he  sold  out  and  came  to  Viola,  opening  up  a  general 
store  here,  succeeding  Mr.  J.  H.  Gilbert,  whose  store 
had  been  destroyed  by  fire.  Mr.  Bowles  also  was 
appointed  postmaster  as  successor  of  Mr.  Gilbert,  and 
since  that  time  he  has  steadily  served  in  that  important 
office,  always  laboring  to  conserve  the  interests  of  the 
people  and  for  good  service.  Mr.  Bowles  does  a 
thriving  trade  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  his  patrons 
for  his  uprightness  and  integrity. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Bowles  and  Miss  Melinda, 
daughter  of  James  and  Melinda  Hurst,  was  celebrated 
near  The  Dalles  on  November  15,  1880.  Mrs.  Bowies' 
father  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  that  section, 
coming  there  in  1859  and  settling  on  Ten  Mile  creek, 
where  he  is  one  of  the  leading  stockmen  of  the  country. 
To  our  worthy  subject  and  his  estimable  wife,  there 
have  been  born  the  following  children:  Samuel  C, 
atending  Moscow  high  school  and  assisting  his  father 
in  the  store  during  vacations ;  Archie  E.,  also  attend- 
ing the  high  school  at  Moscow  ;  Alvin  H.  and  Edward, 
at  Puget  Sound  at  present;  Floyd  A.,  at  home.  Mr. 
Bowles  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Knights  of  Macca- 
bees, being  record  keeper  in  Viola  Tent,  No.  14.  He 
is  greatly  interested  in  political  matters,  being  fre- 
quently delegate  to  the  county  conventions,  while  in 
school  matters  he  is  enthusiastic  in  the  endeavors  for 
betterment  of  the  schools,  improvements  on  all  lines  of 
education,  and  is  forceful  in  assisting  these  good 
causes.  He  has  served  six  years  as  school  clerk  and 
devotes  much  talent  and  energy  to  this  cause. 


MICHAEL  EVITS.  This  well  known  and  repre- 
sentative agriculturist  and  stockman  is  one  of  the 
leaders  in  the  county  of  Latah  in  his  line  of  business, 
being  also  one  of  the  early  pioneers  and  a  real  builder 
of  the  county,  having  labored  faithfully  here  long 
before  there  was  a  Latah  county  organization,  and 
being  now  one  of  the  heaviest  property  holders  of  the 
•entire  section,  having  about  eight  hundred  acres  of 
fine  land,  six  hundred  of  which  is  under  cultivation, 
and  producing  many  bushels  of  grain  each  year. 

Mr.  Evits  was  born  in  Austria  on  September  15, 
1837,  being  the  son  of  Martin  and  Mary  (Scholer) 
Evits,  who  were  also  natives  of  Austria,  being  buried 
in  the  old  church  yard  there  now.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived a  good  common  school  education  and  at  the 


age  of  eight  went  to  herding  sheep  and  cattle  in  the  ^ 
summers  and  continued  this  enterprise  until  he  wa$I 
fifteen,  when  he  learned  the  carpenter  trade,  laboring 
at  the  same  until  he  was  a  score  of  years  old.  He  was 
then  put  to  serve  his  term  in  the  Austrian  army  and  I 
nine  years  were  spent  in  this  occupation,  four  of  which  I 
were  as  corporal.  He  was  a  participant  in  the  French  i 
and  German  war  of  1866.  After  leaving  the  army  he  j 
came  to  America  and  located  in  St.  Louis,  where  he  I 
was  busied  in  driving  an  ice  wagon  for  two  years.  I 
Then  he  came  to  Latah  county,  by  way  of  Panama,  I 
arriving  here  in  1870.  He  labored  for  wages  for  two  I 
years,  then  took  up  a  pre-emption  of  one  quarter  sec-  I 
tion,  and  in  1873  to°k  a  timber  culture  of  eighty  acres.il 
In  1885  he  bought  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  I 
in  1892  bought  another  quarter,  and  in  1896  bought 

Evits  has  gone  steadily  forward,  his  prosperity  being  ( 
the  legitimate  result  of  his  boundless  energy,  wise.!  I 
management  and  keen  foresight,  backed  by  a  fine' I 
executive  force,  all  of  which  are  happily  resident  in  j 
his  make  up. 

He  has  raised  much  stock,  but  now  handles  the 
land  largely  to  grain.     He  has  an  elegant  residence,  j 
costing  over  five  thousand  dollars,  a  barn,   sixty  by 
eighty,  a  granery  that  will  hold  seven  thousand  bushels   j 
of  grain,  and  all  other  improvements  in  proportion, 
making  his  estate  one  of  the  most  valuable,  beautiful 
and  homelike  in  the  entire  country.    Mr.  Evits  is  justly 
reckoned  as  one  of  the  leaders  among  men  in  both  his 
business  ability  and  in  his  exemplary  walk  as  an  up- . 
right  man  and  patriotic   citizen. 

Mr.  Evits  married  Miss  Katherine,  daughter  of 
Mat  and  Maggie  (Everts)  Kambridge,  also  natives.] I 
of  Austria,  where  they  sleep  in  the  home  church  yard.  I 
Four  children  have  been  born  to  our  worthy  subject  J 
and  his  faithful  and  estimable  wife,  namely:  Katie,  I  j 
married  to  Joseph  Springer,  living  in  Latah  county;]! 
Louisa,  married  to  William  Teamer,  living  in  Latah  j 
county;  Mary,  married  to  Pete  Jacobs,  and  living  in II 
Whitman  county,  Washington;  Annie,  single  and  h'v-|| 
ing  with  her  parents.  Mr.  Evits  has  served  two  yearsll 
as  road  supervisor  in  an  acceptable  manner  to  alLjl 
He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic  jj 
church  and  manifest  a  deep  interest  in  the  support  of  j 
the  faith.  It  is  a  matter  of  great  credit  to  Mr.  Evitsjl 
to  note  that  when  he  came  to  this  county  he  labored  jl 
two  years  for  wages  but  is  now  one  of  the  leading] I 
property  owners  and  farmers  of  the  whole  country,  Jl 
having  gained  it  all  by  wise  investment  of  the  hard  1 1 
earned  money  which  his  industry  brought  him  and  atlj 
the  same  time  maintaining  not  only  a  reputation  thatl 
is  unsullied  but  also  a  standing  for  wisdom  and  enter- 
prise that  have  always  caused  him  to  be  consulted  by  \ 
his  fellows  and  gives  an  enviable  prestige  in  the  com-  | 


JOHN  BOTTJER.  Among  the  representati 
property  owners  and  leading  agriculturists  of  Lat; 
countv  there  should  not  be  failure  to  mention  the  sub- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


725 


ject  of  this  sketch,  since  he  has  faithfully  done  the 
work  of  the  pioneer  here,  manifesting  zeal,  ability  and 
wisdom  in  the  course  of  his  pilgrimage,  and  withal  has 
shown  his  financial  ability  in  the  fine  accumulation  of 
property  with  which  he  is  blessed  now,  and  which  is 
handled  in  a  becoming  manner  with  wisdom. 

The  birth  of  Mr.  Bottjer  occurred  on  September  29, 
1839.  being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Louis  (Luckan) 
Bottjer,  natives  of  Germany,  and  being  now  buried 
in  the  Bloomingtauh  cemetery,  that  town  being  the 
native  place  of  our  subject.  John  was  favored  with  a 
good  education  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  age 
^of  fourteen  years  started  to  learn  the  trade  of  ship 
carpenter.  For  thirteen  years  we  find  him  apt  and 
.successful  in  this  craft  and  then  he  came  to  America, 
locating  in  New  York,  where  he  labored  for  seven 
'years.  Then  followed  a  journey  by  Panama  to  Cali- 
fornia where  he  resided  for  four  years  and  whence  he 
came  to  the  place  where  he  now  lives,  the  country 
then  being  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Two  years  were 
spent  at  the  carpenter  trade  and  then  he  homesteaded 
his  present  place,  later  taking  a  pre-emption  of  eighty 
acres.  He  has  added  by  purchase  since  that  time  until 
he  has  four  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres  of  fine  soil, 
which  is  embellished  with  a  fine  residence,  a  good 
barn  and  plenty  of  outbuildings,  a  choice  orchard,  the 
place  being  one  of  the  elegant  and  home-like  estates 
*of  the  county,  every  portion  of  it  bearing  the  marks 
of  a  wise  owner  and  thrifty  husbandry,  which  have 
brought  the  reward  of  honest  labor,  which  is  a  goodly 
competence  of  worldly  property. 

In  1870  Mr.  Bottjer  married  Miss  Margaretha, 
daughter  of  John  H.  and  Margaret  Brandt,  and  eight 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  namely :  Mary,  mar- 
ried to  Charley  Scharnhorst  and  living  in  Latah 
county:  Louise,'married  and  living  at  home;  William, 
at  home;  Henry  G.,  Johanna  J.,  Margaretha  C,  Hen- 
retha  A.,  Johan  H.  Mr.  Bottjer  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Ger- 
man Lutheran  church.  Mr.  Bottjer  is  one  of  the 
prominent  men  of  the  community,  has  done  much  in 
the  years  that  are  past  for  the  progress  and  upbuilding 
of  the  county,  and  is  a  genial,  affable  and  well  liked 
neighbor  and  gentleman. 


JOSEPH  SPRENGER.  While  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  has  not  been  in  Latah  county  so  long  as  some, 
still  his  handiwork  is  manifest  in  a  commendable  de- 
gree, since  he  has  always  labored  for  the  advancement 
of  the  interests  of  the  county  as  well  as  laying  and  ex- 
ecuting commendable  plans  for  his  owri  prosperity. 
Mr.  Sprenger  was  born  in  Germany.  Madfelt,  the  date 
of  this  event  being  February  T,  1865,  and  his  parents 
being  Frank  and  Josephine  (Sebers)  Sprenger,  also 
natives  of  the  fatherland,  where  they  reside  at  this 
time.  In  his  native  village  Joseph  received  a' good 
education  and  learned  thoroughly  the  carpenter  trade 
before  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  At  that  im- 
portant age  his  budding  spirit  looked  for  larger  fields 
and  more  excellent  opportunities  and  consequently  he 


came  to  America,  locating  in  Iowa,  where  he  labored  in 
the  car  shops  for  two  years,  utilizing  his  fine  trade,  in 
which  he  was  especially  skilled.  Following  that 
period  he  came  west  to  Spokane,  Washington,  the 
year  being  1889,  and  two  years  were  spent  in  that  city 
at  the  trade  and  then  in  1891  he  came  to  Uniontown, 
Washington,  and  two  years  there  he  wrought  at  the 
same  trade.  Then  for  three  years  he  toiled  on  the 
farm  of  Mr.  M.  Evits,  after  which  he  purchased  one 
hundred  acres  of  land  for  himself,  where  he  now  lives, 
five  miles  west  from  Genesee.  He  erected  with  his  own 
hands  a  fine  residence,  barns  and  out  buildings,  so 
that  his  place  is  finely  improved  and  is  a  scene  of  thrift 
and  bears  the  marks  of  wise  planning  and  faithful  in- 
dustry. He  has  the  farm  all  under  cultivation,  han- 
dles a  small  bunch  of  stock  and  is  in  all  respects  a 
well  to  do  farmer,  and  among  the  leaders  in  skill  and 
execution  of  good  methods. 

In  1893  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Sprenger 
and  Miss  Katie  M.  Evits,  whose  parents,  M.  and 
Katherine  (Kimbetch)  Evits,  are  residents  of  this 
county  and  are  specifically  mentioned  in  another  por- 
tion of  this  work.  To  our  subject  and  his  estimable 
wife  have  been  born  the  following  children  :  Katie  M., 
Mary  J.,  Theresa  A.  and  Gertrude  L.  Mr.  Sprenger 
and  his  wife  are  adherents  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church. 


DANIEL  HUNT  lives  five  and  one-half  miles 
northeast  from  Moscow  on  a  generous  farm  of  two 
hundred  and  forty  acres,  which  his  skill  and  industry 
have  wrested  from  the  wilds  of  nature  and  have  trans- 
formed into  a  fertile  and  abundant  producer  of  the 
cereals,  fruits  and  stock.  He  is  one  of  the  leaders  in 
this  realm  of  development,  and  has  wrought  out  his 
present  goodly  competence  from  the  resources  placed 
in  his  hands  in  this  country.  Mr.  Hunt  was  born  in 
Chautauqua  county,  New  York,  on  November  2,  1845, 
being  the  son  of  Seneca  and  Julia  Hunt,  farmers  of 
that  state.  At  the  age  of  seven  he  was  brought  west 
by  his  parents  who  settled  in  Cresco,  Howard  county, 
Iowa,  where  he  received  a  fine  education  and  then 
devoted  himself  for  ten  years  to  teaching  school,  hold- 
•  a  first  class  certificate.  1880  marks  the  year  in 
ich  a  move  was  made  to  Council  Bluffs, 'in  the 
same  state,  and  there  he  gave  his  attention  to  farm- 
ing for  two  years  and  then  turned  toward  the  west 
to  gain  both  health  and  wealth,  having  lost  them  both 
in  an  uncertain  struggle  in  Iowa  in  the  endeavor  to 
raise  wheat  profitably!  When  he  landed  in  Latah  coun- 
ty he  at  once  sought  out  the  homestead  where  he  now 
;  and  settled  down.  Raw  land,  a  frontier  country, 
poor  health,  depleted  finances  and  many  other  de- 
pressing circumstances  thronged  him,  but  despite  it 
his  courage  was  as  bright  as  ever  and  he  started 
in  to  settle  the  question  of  existence.  He  began  with 
the  arduous  labor  of  cutting  and  hauling  wood,  gained 
strength  and  later  went  to  laying  brick  and  plastering, 
•hich  he  had  learned  younger ;  he  also  logged  for  the 
lill  companies  and  mined  some  and  kept  steadily  im- 
proving his  farm.  The  result  was  that  he  began  to 


726 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


prosper  at  once,  gained  slowly,  improved  his  farm 
until  he  has  now  a  model  place  and  an  abundant  pro- 
ducer, well  improved  and  handled  in  a  cemmendable 
manner,  while  he  enjoys  a  fine  residence,  commodious 
barn  and  all  the  accessories  that  make  rural  life  profita- 
ble and  comfortable.  In  1873  he  took  a  journey 
through  Washington  and  taught  school  where  Slaugh- 
ter now  stands. 

On  October  26,  1876,  at  Arcadia,  Wisconsin,  Mr. 
Hunt  married  Miss  Pruda  M.,  daughter  of  Alva  and 
Pruda  Yarrington.  The  father  was  sheriff  of  Han- 
cock county,  Iowa,  was  active  in  politics  and  an  early 
settler  there.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hunt  there  have  been 
born  the  following  children  :  Bertha  E.,  wife  of  Luther 
Lowry,  of  this  county;  Meritt  T.,  a  school  teacher; 
Almon  D.;  Katie  E.,  deceased;  Amabel  M.,  Harvey 
E.,  and  Bessie  E.,  the  last  one  being  an  adopted  child. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hunt  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  are  liberal  supporters  of  that  institution. 
Politically  Mr.  Hunt  has  been  active,  being  a  candidate 
for  assessor  in  Iowa,  and  making  a  good  race  on  the 
Republican  ticket.  He  takes  a  great  interest  in  edu- 
cational matters  and  politics  as  becomes  every  loyal 
citizen. 


WILLIAM  S.  MAGUIRE.  Latah  county  is  well 
supplied  with  stanch  and  enterprising  agriculturists 
and  one  among  this  worthy  number  it  is  now  our 
pleasant  privilege  to  give  consideration  in  this  volume 
of  the  county  history.  Mr.  Maguire  is  a  wise  and 
skillful  farmer  and  also  handles  some  stock  and  does 
mining.  He  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York  to 
James  and  Catherine  Maguire,  on  December  12,  1843. 
The  father  was  a  manufacturer  of  edged  tools  and  re- 
moved his  family  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  while  our  sub- 
ject was  still  a  small  boy,  and  there  the  latter  received 
some  schooling  and  the  father  followed  his  trade.  In 
1851  the  father  removed  to  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania, 
and  there  prosecuted  his  trade  for  seventeen  years. 
William  S.  completed  his  education  in  that  city  and  also 
learned  the  sheet  iron  trade.  It  was  in  1868  that  he 
began  to  look  toward  the  west  and  soon  he  was  on  his 
way  to  Iowa  where  he  farmed  in  Harrison  and  Cass 
counties  for  several  years.  Thence  he  went  to  Port- 
land, Oregon,  arriving  at  the  time  the  captured  Snake 
Indians  were  hung  for  massacring  the  whites.  He  was 
soon  in  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  and  a  little  later 
he  took  up  his  present  farm  which  is  four  and  one- 
half  miles  northeast  from  Moscow,  and  the  date  when 
he  settled  was  1874.  He  was  one  of  the  oldest  settlers 
in  this  section  and  he  has  the  distinction  of  being  one 
of  the  real  builders  of  this  county,  having  always 
wrought  with  energy  and  wisdom.  Mr.  Maguire  pays 
attention  to  raising  the  king  of  cereals,  wheat,  almost 
entirely,  also  handling  cows  and  horses. 

It  was  in  April,  1888,  that  Air.  Maguire  and  Miss 
Aphelia,  daughter  of  Elijah  and  Anna  C.  Wilson, 
farmers  near  Beatrice,  Nebraska,  were  married  and 
they  have  become  the  parents  of  two  children,  Edwin 
and  Bertha  M.,  both  at  home.  The  wedding  of  our 
subject  and  his  wife  took  place  at  Beatrice,  Nebraska. 


Mr.  Maguire  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  He  and 
his  family  are  not  members  of  any  denomination,  pre- 
ferring the  real  scriptural  ground  of  simple  belief  in 
the  Saviour  of  men  and  a  close  walk  with  Him  rather 
than  in  human  organization.  Mr.  Maguire  is  a  man 
of  good  ability  and  sound  principles  and  he  has  the  es- 
teem and  confidence  of  his  fellows. 


CURRENCY  A.  GUMMERE.  A  stanch  veteran 
of  the  Civil  war,  where  he  shouldered  the  musket  of 
freedom  and  did  the  service  of  a  patriot,  shedding  blood 
for  the  cause,  and  later  assisting  in  various  places  to 
develop  and  build  up  the  country  that  he  had  helped 
to  save,  and  now  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading 
agriculturists  of  this  county,  we  are  pleased  to  grant 
to  this  gentleman  a  representation  in  his  county's  his- 
tory, where  he  is  eminently  entitled  to  consideration. 

Mr.  Gummere  was  born  in  Clarke  county,  Ohio, 
on  March  22,  1842,  being  the  son  of  Harlan  and  Mary 
A.  Gummere.  The  father  was  a  carpenter  and  in  pol- 
itics an  active  Republican.  The  family  removed  to 
Indiana  soon  after  the  birth  of  .Currency  and  there  he 
received  his  first  schooling,  whence  later  they  removed 
to  Jefferson  county,  Iowa,  and  two  years  later  to  Oska- 
loosa,  farming  in  both  places.  In  '1859  they  returned 
to  Illinois.  In  1861,  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  our  sub- 
ject enlisted  in  an  Iowa  regiment,  having  been  twice 
rejected  previous  to  that  in  Illinois  on  account  of  his 
size,  or  rather  lack  of  size.  His  was  the 
Sixth  Iowa  Infantry  and  he  was  soon 
plunged  in  the  famous  battle  of  Shiloh,  where 
a  musket  ball  pierced  his  lung  and  he  was  placed  in 
the  hospital  for  recovery  but  soon  he  was  out  and  with 
the  boys  again  handling  the  weapons  of  warfare  as 
skillfully  as  before.  At  Kenesaw  Mountain  he  stopped 
another  Rebel  bullet,  this  time  in  his  left  shoulder, 
and  again  he  was  sent  for  healing  in  the  weary  war 
hospital.  He  seemed  to  devote  his  energies  to  healing 
for  soon  he  was  out  and  this  time  just  soon  enough  to 
join  his  command  in  the  famous  march  to  the  sea. 
He  staid  in  the  conflict  until  the  conflict  was  no  more» 
and  then  received  an  honorable  discharge  at  Louisville, 
Kentucky.  And  for  this  loyal  service  he  is  now  draw- 
ing a  pension  of  seventeen  dollars  per  month,  which 
is  dearly  bought  money.  He  left  the  ranks  for  the 
prairies  of  Illinois  and  two  years  later,  at  Champaign, 
in  that  state,  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Huston,  the 
date  of  that  happy  event  being  March  14,  1867.  Six 
years  later  they  removed  to  Aurora,  Nebraska,  and 
farmed  a  homestead  for  ten  years,  after  which  they 
went  to  Valley  and  did  well  in  the  stock  business  and 
farming  for  six  years  and  then  sold  out  and  went  to 
Sheridan  county,  and  pre-empted  a  quarter  and  thence 
in  1893,  they  came  overland  to  Latah  count}-.  He  has 
a  good  farm  six  miles  northeast  from  Moscow,  and 
raises  oats,  hogs  and  horses  and  is  prosperous  and  well 
to  do. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  and  his  estimable  wife 
have  become  the  parents  of  eighteen  children,  twelve 
of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  William  H.  married 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


727 


and  in  Oklahoma;  Sheridan  A.,  in  Nebraska:  Lottie, 
wife  of  Harry  Hodden,  in  Colorado:  Orison  O.,  in 
Alaska ;  Anna  M.,  wife  of  A.  J.  Draper,  of  Moscow ; 
Daisy,  wife  of  Oscar  DePartee,  in  Moscow;  Nellie, 
wife' of  Frank  Frazier  in  Latah  county;  Currency  I. 
in  Whitman  county,  Washington ;  Ida,  wife  of  Gene 
DePartee ;  Frank  R.,  in  Montana ;  Mabel  H.  and  Leon- 
ard R.,  at  home. 


THOMAS  TIERNEY.  Few  men  have  passed  a 
more  eventful  and  varied  career  than  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  a  son  of  the  Emerald  Isle,  and  possessing 
all  the  fire,  energy,  skill,  sagacity  and  brightness  char- 
acteristic of  his  race,  which  has  been  manifested  in 
various  channels  of  his  stirring  walk  through  some  of 
the  most  exciting  regions  of  the  world,  the  western 
part  of  the  United  States  in  the  last  fifty  years.  Our 
subject  came  to  light  of  day  on  May  i,  1836,  in  county 
Galway.  Ireland,  being  the  son  of  Martin  and  Mary 
(Fahy)  Tierney.  He  was  educated  until  eleven  years 
in  his  native  land  and  then  came  with  an  uncle  to 
America  where  he  attended  school  for  some  years 

;  more  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  started  for  himself. 
He  commenced  operation  by  working  in  a  brickyard, 
then  worked  on  the  Erie  canal  during  the  time  of  the 
last  enlargement  of  that  waterway.  Two  years  at 

•  that  and  then  we  find  him  in  Iowa, "later  in  St.  Louis, 
then  in  Mexico,  laboring  at  various  occupations,  then 
in  the  time  of  the  gold  stampede  to  Pikes  Peak  he  was 
with  the  first.  After  the  excitement  he  went  to  Salt 
Lake,  driving  cattle,  thence  to  Kansas,  where  he  farmed 
a  time  and  then  he  hired  out  to  ride  the  famous  Pony 
Express,  riding  from  Marysville,  Kansas,  to  Big 
Sandy,  No.  3.  Six  months  sufficed  him  in  this  dan- 
gerous and  stirring  occupation,  then  for  one  year  he 
was  at  the  no  less  hazardous  work  of  herding  horses 
in  that  country.  Next  we  find  young  Tierney  freight- 
ing from  Kansas  City  to  Colorado,  and  his  energy  was 
manifest  in  that  he  gained  twenty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars in  this  business,  which  after  the  war,  however, 
depreciated  nearly  fifty  per  cent.  At  this  time  he  went 
into  partnership  and  lost  the  major  portion  of  his 
hard  earned  money.  It  was  a  great  lesson  and  he 
collected  his  remnants  together  and  came  west  to 
Nevada,  thence  to  California,  on  to  Oregon,  and  finally 
landed  in  Lewiston  in  1870.  After  spending  seven 
thousand  more  in  these  trips  he  went  prospecting,  then 
bought  a  team  and  hauled  wood,  and  finally  came  to 
the  place  where  he  now  lives  and  squatted  on  a  quar- 
ter section  of  land,  which  he  homesteaded,  then  con- 
tinued to  reside  there  and  improve  the  same  from  that 
time  until  the  present,  purchasing  additional  pieces  of 
adjoining  land  until  he  has  four  hundred  and  eighty- 
seven  acres  of  fine,  fertile  land,  which  is  mostly  rented, 
Mr.  Tierney  retiring  more  from  the  ardous  labors  of 
the  farm,  'it  is  of  note  that  Mr.  Tierney  was  one  of 
the  builders  of  the  first  telegraph  line  to  Ft.  Scott. 

In  1866  Mr.  Tierney  married  Miss  Maria  Beck 
in  Kansas  and  four  children  were  born  to  them, 
Thomas  M.,  married  and  living  in  Ohio;  Gerome,  mar- 
ried to  Nora  Butler  and  living  in  Latah  county ;  Anna 


M.,  wife  of  Dan  Haley,  and  living  in  Genesee  ;  William, 
married  to  Louise  .twits  and  living  in  Latah  county ; 
Mrs.  Tierney  died  in  1873.  Mr.  Tierney  married  again 
in  1896  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  called  upon  to 
mourn  the  death  of  his  second  wife.  In  1898,  in 
Howard  county,  Iowa,  for  the  third  time  Mr. 
Tierney  approached  the  sacred  altar,  this  time 
leading  Anna  Drew,  and  to  them  have  been 
born  one  child,  Michael  J.  In  early  times 
Mr.  Tierney  was  active  and  for  a  season  served  as 
postmaster,  continuing  in  that  capacity  about  four 
years.  He  affiliates  with  the  Catholic  church,  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  his  section,  being  possessed 
of  those  happy  qualities  of  genially  and  real  worth. 


JOSEPH  C.  DEPARTEE.  This  enterprising  far- 
mer and  miner  of  Latah  county  is  located  six  and  one- 
half  miles  northeast  from  Moscow  where  he  has  a 
fine  farm  and  manifests  diligence  and  vigor  in  the  care 
of  his  property,  being  a  man  whose  life  has  been 
crowded  with  adventure,  since  he  has  wrought  much 
in  the  mines  of  the  different  frontiers.  Joseph  C.  was 
born  in  Pottawattamie  county,  Iowa,  near  Council 
Bluffs,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Mary  Ann  (Schley) 
DePartee.  The  date  of  this  event  was  October  8, 
1844.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  went  to  Califor- 
nia in  1850,  also  served  in  the  Civil  war  and  while  in 
Arizona  was  killed  by  the  Mexican  bushwhackers. 
Our  subject  was  taken  at  the  age  of  two  to  Rockport, 
Missouri,  remaining  there  until  1862,  when  he  came 
across  the  plains  with  his  uncle,  Daniel  Fuller,  his 
mother,  and  brother  James,  and  sisters  Angeline  and 
Elizabeth.  They  travelled  with  the  ox  team  of  the 
day  and  stopped  at  Salt  Lake,  where  the  family  re- 
mained for  fourteen  years.  Our  subject  farmed  there 
for  one  year  and  then  went  to  the  mines  in  Montana, 
near  old  Virginia  City  and  Bannock,  returning  to 
Utah  and  recrossing  the  plains  as  wagon  guard  in  1866. 
He  came  back  and  again  went  to  mining  but  later  as- 
sisted to  take  a  band  of  cattle  to  Nevada  for  one,  Mr. 
Hughes.  In  Utah  Mr.  DePartee  saw  the  finishing  of 
the  first  great  transcontinental  line  of  railway.  In 
1873-4  he  mined  at  Pioche,  Nevada,  then  returned  to 
Utah  and  mined  at  Nebo  and  finally  in  1876  came  to 
Colfax,  going  to  Dayton  to  winter  and  the  following 
year  came  to  the  Latah  country.  He  settled  about  one 
mile  from  his  present  place 'at  the  mouth  of  Gnat 
creek.  He  remained  four  years  and  then  was  tempted 
to  the  mines  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state  and  also 
made  a  trip  to  Utah,  whence  he  returned  again  to  this 
section,  taking  his  present  place,  six  and  one-half  miles 
northeast  from  Moscow,  as  a  homestead.  In  1895  he 
made  a  trip  to  California  which  consumed  one  year. 
Upon  his  return  to  this  country  he  followed  mining 
principally,  although  he  has  a  first-class  farm  and  has 
developed  it  in  good  shape. 

Mr.  DePartee  married  Miss  Jane,  daughter  of 
William  R.  and  fane  (Gustin)  Holden,  farmers,  on 
November  5,  1866,  the  nuptials  occurring  in  Utah. 
The  following  children  have  been  born  to  them :  Jos- 


728 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


eph  N.,  married  to  Dollie  Roland  and  living  in  the  Nez 
Perces  reservation;  Oscar  F.,  maried  to  Daisy  Bartill 
and  living  in  Moscow  ;  Charles  E.,  married  to  Ida  Gum- 
mery  and  living  on  the  home  place.  This  one  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Philippine  war;  Tillie,  married  Al 
Draper  and  living  at  Orofino.  Mr.  DePartee  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat of  the  old  Jetfersonian  type  and  is  active  in  the 
realm  of  politics.  He  practices  diversified  farming, 
having  also  a  fine  orchard.  While  in  Utah  Mr.  De- 
Partee assisted  to  put  down  the  Ute  Indian  uprising 
which  was  known  as  the  Black  Hawk  war.  This 
occurred  in  1864-5.  He  was  not  allied  with  the  Mor- 
mons in  their  religious  belief  in  Utah  and  hence  he 
preferred  to  leave  their  section. 


N.  M.  HAWLEY.  The  gentleman  whose  name 
is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  is  one  of  the  sturdy 
pioneers  who  opened  this  section  to  settlement,  and 
he  has  labored  continuously  here  since  that  date,  build- 
ing up  and  developing  his  properties,  and  augment- 
ing the  wealth  of  the  county,  being  now  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  progressive  agriculturists,  who  form 
the  substantial  citizenship  which  has  made  the  county 
what  it  is  today. 

Mr.  Hawley  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Illinois, 
on  January  9,  1843,  being  the  son  of  Ira  and  Elvira 
(Riley)  Hawley,  the  father  a  native  of  New  York  and 
the  mother  of  Indiana.  The  latter's  parents  came  to 
Illinois  shortly  after  the  Black  Hawk  Indian  war. 
The  father  came  to  Illinois  in  1835  ar>d  engaged  in 
farming  until  1850,  when  he  was  lured  to  the  Golden 
state  by  the  gold  excitement,  but  returned  home  the 
next  year.  Then  he  sold  out,  and  the  next  year  crossed 
the  plains  with  his  family  to  Lane  county,  Oregon, 
taking  there  a  donation  claim  of  one  half  section,  aiid 
purchasing  from  the  government  land  until  his  home 
place  was  of  the  generous  acreage  of  eleven  hundred, 
and  another  place  contained  seven  hundred  acres. 
He  was  a  prominent  man  in  that  section,  and  there  in 
August,  1901,  he  passed  to  the  other  world,  and  the 
mother  followed  in  December  of  the  same  year,  and 
both  are  buried  on  the  old  homestead.  Our  subject 
remained  with  his  father  until  he  was  twenty  years  of 
age  and  then  went  to  farming  on  two  hundred  acres 
that  the  father  had  given  him.  Eight  years  he  farmed 
there  in  Linn  county,  and  then  after  the  loss  of  his 
first  wife,  he  went  to  railroading  on  the  construction. 
Later  he  put  his  farm  into  the  hands  of  his  two  oldest 
sons  and  went  to  Lake  county.  Oregon,  and  for  five 
years  raised  stock.  Then  he  returned  on  a  visit  to  his 
sons,  settled  matters  up  regarding  tne  estate,  after 
which  he  came  to  Idaho  in  1877,  settling  on  a  home- 
stead adjoining  his  present  place  and  until  1893  he 
engaged  in  farming  there.  He  then  bought  one  hun- 
dred acres  just  north  of  Moscow,  where  he  lived  until 
1901.  In  that  year  he  returned  to  his  old  home  place, 
where  he  is  living  at  the  present  time.  He  has  sold 
the  property  near  town  and  has  purchased  a  half 
section  adjoining  his  present  home  place. 

On  September  17,  1863,  in  Lane  county,  Oregon, 


Mr.  Hawley  married  Miss  Arzella,  daughter  of  John 
and  Martha  Willis,  natives  of  Tennessee,  who  came  to 
Oregon  in  1855.  This  lady  was  a  native  of  Mis- 
souri, and  she  bore  three  children:  Lawrence,  Will- 
iam H.,  and  Walter  R. 

Mr.  Hawley  contracted  a  second  marriage  on 
January  13,  1884,  in  Moscow,  and  the  lady  then  be- 
coming his  wife  was  M. ,  Fanny,  daughter 'of  Archie 
B.  and  Sarah  Estes,  whose  sketch  is  in  another  portion 
of  this  work.  To  this  happy  union  there  have  been  born 
three  children:  Ella,  Eugene  and  Archie.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Hawley  are  members  of  the  Baptist  church  and 
are  exemplary  persons  in  every  respect,  being  highly 
esteemed  and  having  maintained  an  untarnished  repu- 
tation. Mr.  Hawley  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
the  county,  has  always  labored  for  its  advancement, 
is  an  enterprising  and  capable  man,  and  has  demon- 
strated his  ability  in  the  business  world  to  be  of  a 
high  order. 


EDWARD  P.  ATCHISON.  This  well  known 
and  representative  business  man  is  proprietor  of  the 
Kendrick  warehouse  system  which  has  its  headquarters 
in  Kendrick.  He  is  a  business  man  of  keen  descrim- 
i nation,  and  careful  yet  vigorous  methods,  and  has 
achieved  a  success  that  is  quite  satisfactory  and  grati- 
fying. Mr.  Atchison  was  born  in  Jerseyville,  Jersey 
county,  Illinois,  on  January  15,  1866,  being  the  son  of 
Edward  and  Elvira  (Blay)  Atchison.  He  was  reared 
on  a  farm  until  his  parents  died,  which  was  while  he 
was  very  young.  From  that  time  onward,  he  made  his 
way  in  the  world  alone,  working  at  what  he  could  find 
to  do  and  attending  school  in  the  winters  while  he 
worked  for  his  board.  At  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  quit 
school  and  went  to  Parsons,  Kansas,  where  he  rail- 
roaded for  about  eleven  years,  much  of  the  time  be- 
ing section  foreman  in  Burton,  Kansas,  and  also  yard 
foreman  there,  on  the  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco 
railroad.  He  came  west  in  1892,  landing  in  Kendrick, 
where  he  worked  in  the  Farmers'  warehouse  one  sea- 
son and  then  went  into  business  for  himself,  which  he 
prosecuted  for  two  years.  Then  he  bought  the  Gar- 
field  storage  and  elevator  plant  at  Garfield,  Washing- 
ton, and  for  four  years  he  was  operating  that  estab- 
lishment. In  1899,  Mr.  Atchison  came  again  to  Ken- 
drick and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  plant  of  the 
Kendrick  warehouse  with  M.  C.  McGrew,  and  one 
year  later  bought  the  latter's  interest,  becoming  sole 
owner  of  the  system,  which  embraces  a  warehouse  54 
by  140  in  Kendrick,  connected  by  a  wire  rope  tramway 
of  two  thousand  and  eight  hundred  feet  to  a  ware- 
house of  36  by  100  feet  on  the  hill  above  Kendrick,  one 
warehouse  at  Clyde  spur  32  by  80  feet,  and  a  hay 
warehouse  36  by  100  near  the  large  warehouse  in  Ken- 
drick. This  system,  Mr.  Atchison  manages,  having  a 
force  of  seven  men  and  handling  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  sacks  of  wheat  each  year  in  addi- 
tion to  hay  and  other  grains.  His  business  is  increas- 
ing and  he  contemplates  erecting  other  houses.  His 
contrivance  for  handling  the  grain  down  the  hill  saves 
the  farmers  much  heavy  hauling.  In  addition  to  this 


N.  M.  HAWLEY. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


business,  Mr.  Atchison  manages  a  farm  of  two  hun- 
dred and  thirty  acres  of  wheat  land  adjacent  to  Ken- 
drick.  He  owns  a  fine  residence  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  city,  also  a  residence  and  store  building  in  Gar- 
field. 

Mr.  Atchison  was  married  in  Burton,  Kansas,  in 
1888,  to  Vesta  Howerton,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  who 
is  deceased,  leaving  two  children,  Edward  and  Vesta, 
at  home.  In  1896  Mr.  Atchison  again  approached  the 
sacred  altar,  this  time  leading  as  his  bride,  Miss  Anna, 
daughter  of.  Angus  and  Anna  McCleod,  the  nuptials 
occurring  in  Kendrick.  Mrs.  Atchison's  parents  live 
on  a  farm  in  the  vicinity  of  Kendrick.  Fraternally, 
Mr.  Atchison  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Nez 
Perces  Lodge,  No.  37,  and  also  of  the  encampment; 
and  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Lodge  No  31,  of  Garfield,  Wash- 
ington :  and  also  of  the  W.  of  W.,  White  Pine  Camp 
No.  204 ;  and  of  the  Rebekahs  in  Kendrick. 


NELSON  HART.  In  at  least  two  distinct  lines 
of  industry  has  Mr.  Hart  succeeded  in  this  county  and 
at  the  present  time  he  owns  a  fine  farm  six  miles  north- 
east from  Moscow,  where  he  not  only  raises  the  fruit  of 
the  soil,  handles  stock,  maintains  a  fine  orchard,  but  also 
is  operating  a  good  placer  mine,  having  taken  from 
the  ground  three  thousand  dollars  already  and  he  has 
just  begun  the  operation  of  mining.  He  is  to  be  con- 
gratulaatecl  on  his  good  fortune  in  having  these  prop- 
erties thus  combined  and  he  is  a  wise  manager  of  his 
interests. 

The  birth  of  Mr.  Hart  occurred  in  Windsor,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  July  19,  1840,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Elizabeth  Hart.  The  father  was  an  old  soldier  in  the 
British  armies.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  removed 
to  Caribou,  Maine,  and  there  attended  school,  re- 
maining there  for  twelve  years.  He  enlisted  in  the 
Second  United  States  Sharpshooters,  afterwards  being 
transferred  to  the  Seventeenth,  where  he  did  valiant 
service  in  the  Civil  war,  participating  in  all  the 
battles  of  the  Wilderness,  and  at  the  present  time  he 
is  drawing  a  monthly  pension  of  sixteen  dollars  for 
his  labor  and  suffering  in  that  awful  struggle.  In 
1866  he  went  to  Wisconsin,  taking  up  lumbering  and 
farming,  and  in  1876  came  west,  landing  first  in 
Tacoma.  From  that  point  he  went  to  Walla  Walla, 
Washington,  and  lumbered  in  the  adjacent  forests  for 
two  years  and  then  came  to  Colfax,  taking  a  home- 
stead of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  which  he  sold 
two  years  later  and  moved  to  Latah  county,  settling 
at  Viola,  in  1882.  Thence  he  came  to  his  present 
location  in  1888.  homesteaded  twenty  acres  and  bought 
eighty  more  and  devoted  himself  to  the  improvement 
of  his  ranch. 

In  1868  Mr.  Hart  married  Miss  Rosina  Duel  and 
to  them  were  born  Rosetta,  Mary  E.,  John  N.  and 
Cora  E.,  all  of  whom  are  deceased.  On  January  I, 
1877,  death  also  claimed  Mrs.  Hart  and  the  sorrowing 
husband  laid  to  rest  his  noble  and  loving  wife.  On 
October  14,  1877,  Mr.  Hart  contracted  a  second  mar- 
riage, Jemima  Meredith  then  becoming  his  bride.  Her 


parents  were  James  and  Ann  Meredith.  To  this  sec- 
ond marriage  there  have  been  born,  Kate  E.,  James  W. 
and  Everard  W.  The  first  two  are  dead  and  the 
latter  one  is  attending  business  college  at  Moscow, 
having  been  well  educated  in  the  public  schools  also. 
Mr.  Hart  believes  in  and  practices  the  diversified  plan 
of  farming,  handling  also  stock  and  hogs.  He  is  very 
successful  in  all  these  lines  of  industry  and  manifests 
commendable  wisdom  in  the  manipulation  of  his  busi- 
ness ventures.  Mrs.  Hart  is  a  member  of  the  Advent 
church. 

Mr.  Hart  is  now  erecting  a  beautiful  home  which 
when  completed  will  be  both  commodious  and  com- 
fortable as  well  as  of  excellent  architectural  design. 


GEORGE  E.  YOUNG.  This  well  known  business 
man  whose  activities  have  placed  him  in  a  leading  po- 
sition in  the  business  world  of  Latah  county,  is  a  man 
of  excellent  ability  and  in  his  chosen  line  of  lumber 
merchant  and  general  transfer  business  in  Kendrick, 
he  has  made  a  good  success.  George  E.  was  born  in 
Washington  county,  Iowa,  on  February  21,  1863,  be- 
ing the  son  of  James  N.  and  Martha  J.  (Cones) 
Young.  The  father  was  a  leading  man  in  his  home 
place,  being  a  representative  to  the  state  legislature 
from  his  county.  He  owned  a  large  tract  of  land, 
but  later  sold  it"  and  went  to  Howard  county,  Kansas, 
where  also  he  was  called  upon  to  represent  his  county 
in  the  state  legislature,  being  elected  on  the  Republi- 
can ticket.  He  was  also  county  superintendent  of 
schools  for  his  county  for  a  series  of  years,  having 
then  removed  to  Elk  county.  In  Elk  county  he  finally 
resided  and  there  in  1897  he  was  summoned  to  the 
world  beyond,  the  wife  following  in  about  one  week. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Elk  county  and 
remained  with  his  father  until  he  had  attained  his 
eighteenth  year.  His  first  venture  was  in  farming 
and  that  he  followed  until  he  came  to  Latah  county, 
the  date  of  his  migration  being  1893.  He  also  was 
numbered  with  the  agriculturists  here  for  a  time,  then 
devoted  a  year  to  carrying  mail  from  Southwick  to 
Kendrick,  then  prospected,  labored  in  a  warehouse, 
and  then  clerked  in  a  store  until  he  determined  to 
start  a  business  for  himself,  this  being  in  1896.  He 
opened  a  dray  and  transfer  business  in  a  small  way. 
soon  increased,  added  the  sale  of  lumber  and  building 
material,  lime  and  coal,  and  now  he  handles  the  repre- 
sentative business  in  his  line  in  the  town,  buying  for 
this  year's  trade  already  nearly  half  a  million  feet  of 
lumber.  Mr.  Young  has  a  fine  residence,  which  he 
erected,  also  a  good  farm  of  one-half  section  of  land, 
part  in  Latah  county  and  part  in  Nez  Perces  county. 
Fraternally,  Mr.  Young  is  affiliated  with  the  T.  O.  6. 
F.,  Nez  Perces  Lodge,  No.  37.  at  Kendrick.  He 
was  married  in  Elk  county,  Kansas,  on  February  28, 
1889,  Miss  Annetta  VanBiiskirk  becoming  his  bride  at 
that  time.  The  father  of  Mrs.  Young  is  a  carpenter 
and  her  mother  is  a  native  of  Indiana.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Young  has  an  adopted  child,  Grace  Gaynell  Young. 
Mr.  Young  has  won  for  himself  a  success  here  that  dem- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


onstrates  his  ability  and  keen  discrimination  and  good 
practical  judgment,  and  he  stands  in  favor  with  all  who 
know  him. 


and 


ifty 


JOHN  ROBERTS.  This  capable 
agriculturist  and  fruit  raiser  of  Latah 
about  four  miles  west  from  Kendrick  where  he  owns 
a  fine  estate  of  three  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  fer- 
tile soil,  which  is  farmed  in  a  most  excellent  manner, 
and  returns  handsome  dividends  to  its  prosperous 
owner.  Mr.  Roberts  was  born  in  Macon  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  November  15,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Charles 
and-  Eliza  A.  Roberts'.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and 
died  when  this  son  was  eight  years  old.  The  mother 
then  removed  with  her  family  to  Shelby  county,  Iowa, 
settling  near  Harlan,  and  there  our  subject  received 
his  educational  training,  also  studying  some  in  Wash- 
ington county,  Kansas,  whither  he  went  with  the  fam- 
ily in  his  fifteenth  year.  In  Kansas  he  worked  at  farm- 
ing for  three  years  then  returned  to  Missouri  for  one 
year,  after  which  time  we  find  him  again  in  Kansas, 
where  three  years  more  were  spent.  Then  he  took  a 
trip  to  his  o'ld  home  in  Iowa  and  worked  there  for 
two  years.  1875  marks  the  year  in  which  he  came  to 
the  coast  and  he  was  engaged  in  the  shingle  trade  for 
one  year  at  Portland,  then  he  purchased  a  steamboat 
and  for  one  year  he  was  occupied  in  steamboating  on 
the  Columbia.  In  1878  he  came  to  the  territory  now 
occupied  by  Latah  county  and  settled  on  the  place 
where  the  family  home  is  today,  which  land  he  pre- 
empted, and  since  has  added  two  hundred  acres  by 
purchase.  He  has  the  farm  in  a  high  state  of  culti- 
vation and  in  addition  to  general  farming  he  produces 
abundance  of  fine  fruit.  Twenty  acres  are  devoted  to 
the  production  of  the  leading  fruits  and  his  success  in 
this  line  marks  him  as  one  of  the  leading  fruit  raisers 
of  the  county.  In  early  days  Mr.  Roberts  raised  and 
handled  many  cattle  and  horses. 

Mr.  Roberts  'was  married  where  Kendrick  now 
stands,  September  30,  1880,  Miss  Louisa,  daughter  of 
Benton  and  Hulda  (Sweener)  Hill,  early  settlers  of 
this  section,  becoming  his  wife  at  that  time.  Five 
children  have  been  born  to  this  happy  household,  as 
follows  :  Henry,  Elva,  Harvy,  Cora  and  Gertie,  all  at 
home  and  attending  school. 


JOHN  S.  CROCKER.  No  one  about  the  town  of 
Kendrick  is  better  known  than  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  he  being  a  representative  business  man,  having 
now  retired  from  the  more  active  business  and  han- 
dling his  various  properties  in  a  capable  manner,  hav- 
ing gained  a  goodly  competence  from  his  keen  dis- 
crimination and  energy  in  his  business  course.  Mr. 
Crocker  was  born  in  -Butler  county,  near  Butler,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  March  26,  1848,  being  the  son  of  William 
and  Alice  (Sprott)  Crocker.  The  father  was  a  farmer 
and  passed  away  there  but  the  mother  is  still  living  in 
the  native  place.  There  our  subject  received  his  edu- 
cation from  the  district  schools  and  labored  with  his 


father  until  he  had  reached  the  age  of  majority  when 
he  went  into  the  labors  of  life  on  his  own  account, 
farming  there  until  1878,  when  he  sold  out  and  went 
to  Cass  county,  Missouri,  purchasing  a  farm  where  he 
remained  for  sixteen  years,  in  the  vicinity  of  Harrison- 
ville.  It  was  in  1893  that  he  came  to  Latah  county, 
and  in  Kendrick  he  soon  purchased  the  two  livery 
barns  and  operated  them  _« very  successfully  until  re- 
cently, the  fall  of  1901,  when  he  sold  the  stock  and 
rented  the  buildings,  retiring  from  the  more,  active 
parts  of  business.  Mr.  Crocker  handled  many  horses 
during  the  time  he  was  in  business,  buying  and  selling 
numbers  of  them  and  also  now  he  is  dealing  some  in 
horses.  He  owns  a  blacksmith  shop  and  considerable 
residence  property  in  the  town  of  Kendrick,  all  of 
which  is  rented  and  he  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and 
well  to  do  men  of  the  town. 

In  Centerville,  Pennsylvania,  he  was  married  to 
Mariah  L.;  daughter  of  Milton  and  Virginia  (Seth) 
Cook,  in  1869.  Mrs.  Crocker  was  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  her  father  was  a  tailor  in  the  town  where 
she  was  married.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crocker  there  have 
been  born  the  following  named  children,  Frank  D., 
married  to  Jessie  Lockins  and  a  carriage  maker ;  Fred 
D.  living  at  Everett,  Washington;  Iva,  in  Spokane, 
Washington ;  George  married  to  Trina  Cragger  and 
living  in  Everett,  Washington ;  Lauren  L.,  married  to 
Jessie  Steele,  and  living  in  Everett,  Washington; 
Winona,  at  home;  Earl,  attending  the  Northwestern 
Business  College  in  Spokane,.  Washington.  Mr. 
Crocker  is  a  man  with  much  energy  and  possessed  of 
fine  executive  ability,  which  is  dominated  with  keen 
sagacity  and  has  led  the  way  in  his  successful  business 
ventures  and  given  him  his  goodly  competence. 


CHARLES  E.  RAY.  The  genial  and  hospitable 
gentleman  whose  name  appears  above  is  one  of  Latah 
county's  prosperous  and  progressive  farmers  and  stock 
raisers,  having  wrought  here  for  many  years  and  now 
owning  one  quarter  section  six  and  one-half  miles 
northeast  from  Moscow,  where  he  puts  forth  com- 
mendable effort  in  the  production  of  the  fruits  of  the 
soil  and  has  the  place  well  improved  and  one  of  the 
finest  orchards  in  the  county,  which  consists  of  ten 
acres  set  to  the  choicest  varieties  of  all  kinds  of  fruits 
that  are  indigenous  to  this  section.  Charles  E.  was 
born  in  Iowa,  near  Oskaloosa,  on  January  i,  1866, 
being  the  son  of  John  M.  and  Jane  M.,  farmers  of 
that  region,  and  both  now  living  with  this  son.  When 
Charles  was  an  infant,  the  family  removed  to  Belle- 
ville, Kansas,  where  they  took  up  farming-  and  stock 
raising.  During  their  stay  there  occurred  the  great 
Indian  raid  of  that  country  wherein  much  suffering 
was  endured.  In  1876  they  crossed  the  plains  to  Port- 
land. Four  years  were  spent  in  that  section  and  then 
another  move  was  made  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington, 
whence  after  one  year's  farming  there,  they  came  to 
the  Palouse  country.  The  father  sought  out  a  place 
of  government  land  and  settled  on  the  farm  now  owned 
by  our  subject.  He  filed  a  pre-emption  and  later  re- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


73i 


linquished  it  in  favor  of  his  son.  This  has  been  the 
family  home  since  that  time.  In  addition  to  handling 
the  farm,  Mr.  Ray  has  paid  considerable  attention  to 
mining  in  different  localities  of  the  state.  He  has 
operated  around  Florence,  was  in  the  Buffalo  Hump 
excitement,  and  has  done  considerable  work  in  the  Mos- 
cow mountains,  where  he  is  busied  at  the  present  time. 
He  has  worked  at  the  White  Cross  mine  in  this  last 
vicinity,  which  is  a  promising  property.  Thus  far  in 
life  Mr.  Ray  has  decided  to  enjoy  the  pleasures  of 
the  celibatarian  rather  than  gather  the  responsibilities 
of  domesticity  around  him.  He  is  a  man  of  sound 
principles,  dominated  by  wisdom  and  integrity  and 
enjoys  the  esteem  of  all  who  have  the  pleasure  of  his 
acquaintance. 


JACOB  KAMBITCH.  It  now  becomes  our 
pleasant  privilege  to  chronicle  the  career  of  the  esti- 
mable and  doughty  pioneer  named  at  the  head  of  this 
article,  and  we  feel  assured  that  to  no  more  worthy 
builder  of  Latah  county  and  substantial  citizen  of  the 
same  at  this  time  could  there  be  given  due  recognition 
of  merit  and  labors  since  it  has  been  the  lot  of  our 
subject  to  have  always  been  faithful  in  labor,  upright 
in  walk  of  life,  and  patriotic  and  brave  in  the  defense 
of  his  chosen  country  in  time  of  danger,  and  he  is  now 
worthy  of  the  place  of  prominence  that  he  is  accorded 
among  his  fellows  and  in  the  recognition  of  a  grateful 
people. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Hungary,  Austria,  on 
July  20,  1831,  being  the  son  of  Mat  and  Mary  Kam- 
bitch,  who  were  natives  of  that  country  and  lie  buried 
there  now.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and 
at  the  age  of  twenty  years  entered  the  army,  serving 
five  years,  then  returned  to  his  father's  farm  where  he 
remained  one  year  and  then  came  to  America,  in  1857, 
settling  in  St.  Louis  where  he  drove  team  for  four 
years.  Then  came  the  trying  time  of  the  Civil  war 
and  young  Kambitch  manifested  the  metal  of  which  he 
was  made  by  offering  his  services  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  the  Union,  by  shedding  blood  if  need  be,  be- 
ing a  volunteer  in  the  Second  Light  Artillery  under 
Captain  Stanga,  and  three  years  and  three  mo'nths  he 
served  in  the  cause  of  freedom  and  good  government 
to  put  down  forever  the  menace  of  treason.  Fol- 
lowing this  time,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  cor- 
poral and  served  until  the  close  of  1864,  when  he  was 
honorablv  discharged.  He  was  in  the  battle  of  Pea 
Ridge,  Little  Rock,  Blue  Field,  Greenville,  besides 
several  others.  He  was  a  gunner  and  received  a  slight 
wound  in  the  hand.  After  the  war  he  teamed  until 
1867,  then  went  on  a  steamboat  to  Fort  Benton  and 
there  operated  as  a  freighter  from  that  place  to  Helena, 
handling  seven  yoke  of  oxen  and  two  wagons.  On 
account  of  the  hostilities  of  the  Indians,  he  resigned 
this  position  and  went  prospecting.  Later  he  started 
to  Bitter  Root  valley  and  thence  to  Walla  Walla  and 
lost  his  way  and  finally  brought  up  at  Lewiston,  hav- 
ing been  three  days  without  food.  He  received  food 
from  the  hotel  in  that  town  and  went  to  work  thresh- 


ing, having  nine  days  of  this  labor,  it  being  the  en- 
tire season  at  that  time.  He  worked  at  various  oc- 
cupations until  he  had  secured  a  stake  of  two  hundred 
dollars  and  then  he  sent  for  his  family  and  took  a 
claim  and  farmed  for  one  and  one-half  years,  selling  the 
land  at  that  time  for  seven  hundred  dollars. 

In  1872  he  took  a  homestead  where  he  now  lives, 
four  miles  northeast  from  Genesee,  and  built  a  house 
and  settled  down,  and  here  he  has  been  ever  since 
that  time  engaged  in  tilling  the  soil,  becoming  one  of 
the  prominent  men  of  the  county.  He  has  an  estate 
of  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres  all  tilled  and  well 
improved.  He  sells  annually  over  ten  thousand  bush- 
els of  grain.  For  fifteen  years,  until  the  railroad  came, 
he  hauled  all  his  grain  to  the  river  for  shipment. 

In  1865  Mr  Kambitch  was  married  to  Miss  Ther- 
isa,  daughter  of  Simon  Geiger,  a  native  of  Baden, 
Germany.  The  parents  died  in  their  native  place  and 
the  daughter  came  to  St.  Louis  in  1859,  where  also 
the  wedding  mentioned  occurred.  Eight  children  have 
been  born  to  this  worthy  couple,  six  of  whom,  as  fol- 
lows, are  living:  Emma  F.,  married  to  John  Jacksha 
and  living  in  this  county;  Anna,  married  to  Frank 
Bruegemann,  living  in  this  county ;  Mary  T.,  married 
to  Joseph  Shober  and  living  in  Cottonwood,  Idaho; 
Joseph  S.,  single  and  with  his  father;  Louise  M.,  sin- 
gle and  with  her  parents;  Clara  C.,  married  to  John 
Hardeman  and  living  in  Latah  county.  Mr.  Kam- 
bitch is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  of  Genesee.  He  is 
a  devout  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  as 
also  are  the  members  of  his  family.  It  is  of  note  that 
in  1875  Mr.  Kambitch  lost  twenty-eight  head  of  cattle 
by  freezing  to  death,  the  snow  that  year  being  five 
feet  deep  on  the  level. 


MICHAEL  C.  NORMOYLE.  One  of  the  heaviest 
property  holders  and  ablest  business  men  of  Latah 
county  is  named  at  the  head  of  this  article,  and  he  is 
eminently  deserving  of  mention  in  the  volume  that  pur- 
ports to  chronicle  the  history  of  his  county,  both 
because  of  the  excellent  success  that  he  has  achieved 
and  because  of  the  intrinsic  worth  of  his  personality. 
Michael  C.  was  born  on  September  8,  1853,  i"  Troy, 
New  York,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Bessie  (Clancy) 
Xormoyle,  natives  of  Ireland.  They  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1834,  and  the  father  worked  at  his 
trade  of  stone  cutting  in  Troy,  until  he  was  aged  forty- 
three,  when  he  was  called  away  by  death.  The  mother 
died  in  October,  1899,  being  nearly  four  score  years  of 
age,  and  a  devout  member  of  the  Catholic  church.  Six 
children  were  the  offspring  of  this  worth}-  couple  and 
three  are  living. 

Returning  more  particularly  to  the  subject  of  this 
article,  we  find  him  at  the  early  age  of  ten  years  oper- 
ating as  a  bell  boy  in  a  leading  hotel  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  was  educated  in  Denver,  Colorado,  working 
by  day  and  studying  in  the  night  schools.  This  was 
continued  until  he  was  eighteen  years  old,  when  he 
went  to  Fairplay,  Colorado,  remaining  until  1876. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Then  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills  and  returned  in  1880, 
to  take  charge  of  the  Lindell  hotel  in  Denver,  where 
he  labored  for  five  years,  and  was  also  proprietor  of 
all  the  eating  houses' on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  rail- 
road, five  years  being-  his  allotted  time  in  this  capacity. 
Later  he  was  in  Palouse,  Washington,  and  operated 
the  St.  Elmo  hotel  there.  1890  was  the  date  of  Mr. 
Normoyle's  arrival  in  Kendrick.  He  erected  the  first 
hotel  in  the  place,  and  for  two  years  did  a  thriving 
business,  and  then  the  structure,  being  frame,  burned 
to  the  ground,  entailing  a  loss  of  fourteen  thousand 
dollars.  His  enterprise  was  not  to  be  thwarted  and  tor 
a  time  succeeding  this  catastrophe,  Mr.  Normoyle 
cared  for  his  guests  in  tents.  Men  of  means  had  con- 
fidence in  our  subject  and  advanced  him  money  to  erect 
the  present  St.  Elmo  hotel  and  St.  Elmo  block,  the 
former  being  a  fine  two-story  brick  with  excellent 
parlors,  office,  cuisine,  and  twenty-four  sleeping  apart- 
ments, while  the  latter  is  a  two-story  brick  structure 
used  as  a  double  store  below  and  as  an  opera  house 
above.  Mr.  Normoyle  is  an  experienced  host  and  han- 

ing  friends  in  all  the  traveling  public  as  well  as  all  who 
know  him.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Kendrick  water 

a  one-hundred-and- forty-eight-acre  tract  adjoining 
town.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
Inn  Company,  operating  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Inn  at 
Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho. 

In  1872,  at  Denver,  Colorado,  Mr.  Normoyle  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Azra.  One  son  came  to  gladden  the 
happy  union,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  Montana  legis- 
lature. Mr.  Normoyle  was  called  upon  to  mourn  the 
death  of  his  wife  in' 1885.  In  1891  he  married  a  sec- 
one  time,  the  lady  of  his  choice  being  Arra  Nichols  and 
they  have  become  the  parents  of  two  sons,  George  W. 
and"  Edwin  M.,  and  a  daughter,  Ruth.  Fraternally 
Mr.  Normoyle  is  affiliated  with  the  Masons,  Kendrick 
Lodge,  No.  26,  being  past  master  and  now  secretary ; 
also  with  the  Eastern  Star  and  the  1.  O.  O.  F.  Polit- 
ically he  is  one  of  the  stanch  old  Jeffersonian  Demo- 
crats. It  is  gratifying  to  have  in  our  midst  a  business 
man  of  such  capacity,  vigor  and  sagacity  and  Kendrick 
is  to  be  congratulated  in  that  Mr.  Normoyle  is  domi- 
ciled within  her  borders. 


ARTHUR  A.  DOBSON  has  the  reputation  of 
being  one  of  the  mast  progressive  farmers  and  stock- 
men in  the  county  of  Latah,  and  sure  it  is  that  he  has 
a  fine  body  of  land  and  does  commendable  work  in 
these  lines,  while  also  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  he 
has  led  a  life  filled  with  adventure  and  energetic  act- 
ivity in  various  parts  of  the  world,  being  what  is 
termed  by  the  English,  a  colonial,  since  he  was  born  in 
Hobart,  Tasmania  island.  His  parents  were  Edwin 
and  Caroline  Dobson,  the  father  being  a  magistrate  in 
the  native  land.  After  seven  years  in  attendance  upon 
a  private  boarding  school  young  Dobson  at  the  age  of 
thirteen  scented  adventure  ahead  and  ran  away  from 


home  and  went  to  sea.  He  went  to  London,  England, 
thence  to  New  Zealand,  north  island,  then  returned  to 
London.  Soon  out  on  another  trip  which  took  him  to 
Port  Chalmers,  New  Zealand,  south  island,  he  then 
returned  to  England  and  afterwards  to  Hong  Kong, 
China,  and  again  to  England  and  out  to  Calcutta, 
thence  to  Wellington,  north  New  Zealand,  and  thence 
finally  to  Portland,  Oregon.,  Then  he  left  the  sea  and 
went  to  work  on  a  farm.  Later  he  went  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, then  returned  to  Oregon  with  a  pack  train,  and 
had  a  pow  wow  with  the  Modocs  whom  he  charged 
with  stealing  an  animal,  which  they  found  for  him 
later.  And  two  weeks  after  this  exciting  time  that 
fierce  tribe  were  pouncing  upon  the  defenseless  natives 
in  bloody  war.  From  the  Willamette  valley  he  came  to 
Grant  county  and  took  up  stock  raising,  later  he  went 
to  Couer  d'Alene  with  a  band  of  horses  and  afterward 
to  Colfax  and  in  August,  1881,  he  came  to  Latah 
county  and  at  once  devoted  his  energies  to  logging  for 
Northrup  &  Moore.  In  1891  he  took  a  homestead 
six  miles  northeast  from  Moscow  and  on  December  12, 
1899,  he  purchased  his  present  place  four  miles  north- 
east from  Moscow  and  there  he  has  been  living  since 
that  time.  Mr.  Dobson  owns  three  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  of  desirable  land  and  practices  diversified  farm- 
ing but  is  gradually  placing  his  land  all  to  the  differ- 
ent grasses  and  handling  stock. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Dobson  and  Miss  Gallic  M., 
daughter  of  Sherman  and  Caroline  Finch,  of  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota,  was  solemnized  on  March  23,  1889.  Mr. 
Finch  was  sheriff  of  Blue  Earth  county,  Minnesota, 
and  chief  of  police  in  Mankato,  that  county.  Mrs. 
Dobson  attended  school  at  Carlton  College,  North- 
field,  Minnesota,  having  as  classmate  Miss  May  Hay- 
wood,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Haywood,  the  cashier  of 
the  bank,  shot  by  the  famous  Younger  brothers.  Mr. 
Dobson  is  a  member  of  the  Elks,  Moscow  Lodge,  No. 
249,  also  of  the  W.  of  W.  He  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Episcopalian  church.  In  political  matters  Mr. 
Dobson  is  active  and  always  allied  with  the  Repub- 


JOSEPH  C.  JOHNSTON.  In  the  course  of  the 
development  of  Latah  county,  how  much  faithful  labor 
has  been  performed  by  the  agriculturists  and  stockmen, 
and  the  present  commercial  importance  of  this  county 
in  the  state  is  largely  due  to  these  same  wisely  be- 
stowed labors.  Among  those  who  have  done  this  com- 
mendable work  is  to  be  mentioned  .1.  C.  Johnston, 
whose  life's  career  it  is  now  our  pleasant  task  to  outline 
in  brief  review.  Joseph  C.  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  May 
27,  1849,  being  the  son  of  Bryan  and  Delilah  (Phil- 
lipps)  Johnston.  When  he  was  four  years  of  age,  the 
family  removed  to  St.  Clair  county,  Missouri,  later 
to  Warren  county,  in  the  same  state,  and  then  about 
1868,  they  removed  back  to  Vernon  county.  Another 
migration  was  made,  this  time  to  Woodson  county, 
Kansas,  where  our  subject  remained  until  1882,  engaged 
in  the  basic  art  of  tilling  the  soil.  At  the  date  last 
mentioned,  Mr.  Johnston  determined  to  try  the  west 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  accordingly  came  to  Latah  county  and  took  as 
homestead  his  present  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  acres.,  which  is  three  miles  west  from  Troy. 
He  has  transformed  the  wildness  of  the  face  of  the 
land  into  well  tilled  fields,  has  comfortable  improve- 
ments, a  good  orchard  and  is  one  of  the  substantial 
and  prosperous  men  of  the  community. 

Mr.  Johnston  married  Miss  Martha  A.  Rodgers  in 
Woodson  county,  Kansas,  and  they  have  become  the 
parents  of  three  children,  William  F.,  Charles  F. 
and  Estella  M. 


GEORGE  W.  P.  HILL.  Among  the  younger 
men  who  are  making  Latah  county  what  she  is  to- 
day, a  leader  in  the  state,  is  the  gentleman  mentioned 
above.  He  is  one  of  the  band  of  enterprising  agri- 
turists  who  labor  for  the  welfare  of  the  county,  the 
promotion  of  good  schools  and  government,  and  the 
enhancing  of  his  financial  standing  in  a  commendable 
manner  and  with  wisdom  and  vigor.  George  W. 
was  born  in  Nevada  City,  California,  on  May  8,  1867, 
being  the  son  of  H.  D.  and  Martha  (Price)  Hill. 
The  father  was  a  carpenter  and  our  subject  was  about 
the  country  considerably  with  him  until  the  date  when 
he  migrated  to  this  county,  1885.  He  was  with  his 
mother,  who  took  a  pre-emption  for  two  years  and 
then  farmed  around  Juliaetta  for  four  years,  after 
which  he  was  similarly  engaged  in  Whitman  county 
for  one  season,  and  then  he  made  settlement  where 
we  find  him  at  the  present  time,  one  mile  south  from 
Cornwall.  He  has  there  a  good  farm  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  improved  in  a  good  manner,  and  a 
fine  orchard  of  three  hundred  and  sixty  choice  varie- 
ties of  fruit.  In  addition  to  general  farming,  Mr. 
Hill  raises  stock  and  he  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men 
of  the  community.  Fraternally,  Mr.  Hill  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Cornwall  Lodge,  No.  9645.  In  this 
capacity  Mr.  Hill  is  a  popular  associate,  and  he  is  an 
affable  and  genial  gentleman  and  a  skillful  husband- 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Hill  and  Miss  Martha, 
daughter  of  J.  R.  and  Adella  Dunham,  was  celebrated 
near  Cornwall,  on  April  8,  1894,  ar>d  to  them  have 
been  born  the  following  children:  Wralter,  Blanche 
and  Glen. 


HENRY  FLOMER.  As  many  of  the  substantial 
and  leading  citizens  of  the  United  States,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  came  hither  from  Germany,  being  born 
in  Driftsethe,  Hanover  province,  on  December  22, 
1867,  the  son  of  John  F.  and  Meta  (Spering)  Flo- 
mer.  The  father  is  still  living  in  the  native  country, 
but  the  mother  died  there.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  his  native  village  and  at  the  age  of  eleven  began  to 
work  out  for  the  farmers  of  his  vicinity  and  this  con- 
tinued until  he  was  sixteen,  at  which  time  he  bade 
farewell  to  th^  fatherland,  to  home  and  relatives  and 
embarked  for  New  York.  Landing  there  in  good  time, 
he  engaged  in  a  grocery  store,  where  he  clerked  for 
four  and  one-half  years.  At  the  expiration  of  that 


interval  he  bought  an  interest  in  the  store  with  his 
brother  and  for  one  year  operated  the  establishment, 
then  sold  out  and  came  hence  to  Latah  county,  land- 
ing here  in  1889.  He  immediately  engaged  in  labor 
for  the  farmers,  continuing  it  for  three  years,  then 
bought  his  present  place,  two  miles  west  "from  Gen- 
esee.  He  bought  one  hundred  and  twenty  at  first  and 
later  added  forty  more,  giving  him  a  full  quarter  at 
the  present  time.  Mr.  Flomer  has  manifested  great 
industry,  skill  and  wisdom  in  the  management  of  his 
estate,  having  it  well  tilled  and  improved  with  excel- 
lent buildings,  as  residence,  barns  and  outbuildings, 
having  also  a  good  orchard  and  a  general  air  of  thrift 
pervades  the  entire  premises,  manifesting  the  untir- 
ing care  and  enterprise  of  the  proprietor.  Mr.  Flomer 
has  a  number  of  head  of  stock  and  is  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  farmers  in  his  vicinity. 

In  1895  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Flomer  and 
Miss  Eliza  T.,  daughter  of  Louis  and  Sophie  (Bor- 
tels)  Oldag,  natives  of  Germany,  who  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1869,  locating  in  Chicago  and  later  coming  to 
Latah  county,  where  they  reside  at  the  present  time. 
To  our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  there  have 
been  born  three  children,  Clarence  L.,  Carl  H.  and 
William  D.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Flomer  are  members  of 
the  Lutheran  church  and  Mr.  Flomer  also  affiliates 
with  the  M.  W.  A.  He  is  a  man  of  enterprise,  fine 
capabilities,  and  is  highly  esteemed  in  all  his  relations 
among  his  fellow  men. 


JOHN  D.  JOHNSTON.  Two  miles  west  from  the 
thriving  town  of  Vollmer  we  find  the  home  and  fine 
farm  of  Mr.  J.  D.  Johnston,  one  of  the  leading  men 
of  the  community.  His  farm  is  of  the  generous  pro- 
portion of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres,  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  which  he  took  from  the  raw  sod  as 
a  homestead,  and  added  eighty  more  by  purchase. 
He  has  transformed  it  to  its  present  high  state  of 
cultivation  by  his  industry  and  skill,  building  one  of 
the  fine  homes  of  the  county.  John  D.  was  born  in 
St.  Clair  county,  Missouri,  on  October  27,  1861.  being 
the  son  of  Bryan  and  Delilah  (Philipps)  Johnston. 
The  father  was  a  farmer,  and  when  this  son  was  nine 
years  of  age  the  family  removed  to  Woodson  count}-, 
Kansas,  where  the  succeeding  nine  years  were  spent. 
Another  move  was  made  at  this  time,  the  objective 
point  being  the  vicinity  of  Central  City,  Colorado, 
where  the  time  was  largely  spent  in  mining  for  three 
years.  He  then  returned  to  Kansas,  and  then  made 
the  trip  in  1883  to  Idaho,  locating  his  present  farm. 
He  at  once  set  himself  to  make  a  fine  home,  which 
he  has  accomplished  in  a  becoming  manner,  and  in 
addition  to  handling  the  work  of  this  fine  estate  Mr. 
Johnston  has  also  done  much  carpenter  work  in  dif- 
ferent portions  of  the  county,  having  learned  the  trade 
in  younger  years.  He  erected  with  his  own  hands 
his  residence,  and  much  is  in  evidence  of  his  handi- 
work in  the  craft  on  the  farm.  Mr.  Johnston  has  al- 
ways manifested  a  lively  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the 
county  and  especially  in  educational  work,  which  has 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


profited  much  by  his  service  as  trustee  of  his  district 

One  of  the  happy  and  important  events  of  Mr. 
Johnston's  life  occurred  on  April  7,  1889,  when  he 
led  to  the  altar  Miss- Volumnia,  daughter  of  Thomas 
and  Leannah  (Julian)  Woody.  Three  children  have 
made  their  advent  to  the  happy  household,  namely: 
Clarence  E.,  Ethel  E.  and  Leannah  M.  Mrs.  John- 
ston is  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  Mr.  Johnston  has  the 
distiction  of  being  related  to  Daniel  Boone,  the  famous 
Kentucky  frontiersman. 


EZRA  L.  COLE  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of 
Latah  county,  especially  active  in  the  industrial  world. 
He  is  a  manufacturer  of  lumber  and  timber  products, 
having  at  this  time  a  saw  mill  located  five  miles  north- 
east from  Moscow,  where  he  has  a  good  plant  and 
three  fourths  of  a  section  of  timber  land  and  some 
farm  property. 

The  birth  "of  Ezra  L.  was  on  June  17,  1860,  in  New 
York,  near  Rome,  his  parents  being  Gideon  and  Ann 
Cole,  the  father  being  occupied  in  saw  mill  work.  The 
family  removed  from  Rome  to  Nebraska  in  1871,  set- 
tling twenty-five  miles  south  from  Yankton,  near  the 
town  of  Hartington,  Nebraska,  and  there  the  father 
took  a  homestead  and  remained  for  twenty  years.  Then 
a  trip  was  made  to  the  west,  our  subject  landing  in 
Spokane,  after  which  he  went  to  Loon  Lake  and  spent 
one  year.  Then  came  his  advent  to  Moscow  where 
he  worked  for  some  years  and  then  bought  his  pres- 
ent place,  it  being  one  quarter,  to  which  he  added  a 
half  section  since.  Mr.  Cole  has  an  excellent  run  of 
business  and  has  a  fine  plant,  supplying  the  country 
adjacent  with  manufactured  timber  products. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Cole  and  Miss  Anna  R., 
daughter  of  William  D.  and  Ellen  Burch,  was  sol- 
emnized in  St.  Helena,  Nebraska,  in  February, 
1883.  To  this  happy  union  there  have  been  born  the 
following  children:  Claude  B.,  Grace  E.,  Violet  M., 
the  second  one  attending  school  in  Moscow.  Mr. 
Cole  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  he  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  Mr.  Cole 
is  not  desirous  of  personal  preferment  in  the  politi- 
cal world  and  while  he  takes  the  interest  that  every 
intelligent  citizen  should,  still  he  does  not  count  him- 
self a  leader  in  this  realm.  He  has  a  fine  home,  it  being 
a  residence  of  nine  rooms  and  excellently  appointed. 


GEORGE  SIEVERS.  Although  not  one  of  the 
pioneer  settlers  of  Latah  county,  still  the  subject  is  a 
pioneer  in  the  realm  of  progress,  being  one  of  the 
intelligent  and  enterprising  agriculturists  and  stock- 
men of  the  county,  and  displaying  the  skill  and  sound 
judgment,  of  which  he  is  so  happily  possessed,  in  the 
affairs  of  his  business.  He  was  born  in  Wisconsin, 
on  November  20,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Clauss  and 
Margaretha  Sievers.  The  father  was  an  old  soldier  of 
the  Civil  war  and  a  participant  in  the  battle  of  Chatta- 


nooga, and  also  marched  to  the  sea,  being  in  all  the 
campaigns  from  Louisville,  Kentucky,  to  Goldsboro, 
North  Carolina.  Our  subject  remained  at  the  place  of 
his  nativity  for  eighteen  years  attending  school,  both  the 
public  and  also  at  the  Oshkosh  normal,  then  a  season  at 
the  Valparaiso  Normal  in  Indiana,  then  spent  two  years 
teaching  at  Cedarsburg  and  four  at  Meggers.  He  also 
took  up  law  at  that  place,  but  on  account  of  his  health 
breaking  down  he  was  obliged  to  forego  the  pleasure 
of  further  pursuit  of  his  chosen  studies.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1895  he  traveled  through  the  north  central  states, 
visiting  Wisconsin,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Ne- 
braska and  South  Dakota.  In  1897  he  determined  to 
try  the  west  and  accordingly  came  to  Moscow.  He 
soon  went  to  Kendrick  and  taught  school  for  a  term  and 
then  bought  in  the  spring  of  1898,  his  present  place, 
three  miles  east  from  Moscow,  where  he  devotes  him- 
self to  the  art  of  agriculture,  being  much  benefited  in 
health  by  the  bracing  atmosphere  and  salubrious  and 
mild  climate  of  this  region.  Mr.  Sievers  pracitces  the 
diversified  plan  of  farming  and  has  had  abundant  suc- 
cess and  now  contemplates  putting  out  a  large  orchard. 
He  owns  a  quarter  section  and  has  it  finely  improved. 
In  the  beginning  of  1898  Mr.  Sievers '  returned  to 
Wisconsin  to  claim  the  bride  that  was  awaiting  his 
coming  out  of  the  west,  and  on  February  22,  1898,  he 
was  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony  with  Miss 
Agnes  Luedke.  at  Kiel,  Wisconsin.  Mrs.  Sievers' 
parents  are  Henry  and  Gustine  Luedke,  the  father  being 
a  carpenter  and  farmer.  To  our  subject  and  his  estima- 
ble wife  there  has  been  born  one  child,  Edna,  three 
years  of  age.  Mr.  Sievers  is  a  member  of  the  school 
board  and  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is 
actively  interested  in  educational  matters  and  also  in 
the  improvement  and  progress  of  the  county  and  does 
a  goodly  share  towards  this  praiseworthy  end. 


HERMAN  W.  MALLERY.  The  subject  of  this 
article  is  one  of  Latah  county's  stalwart  and  enter- 
prising farmers,  being  a  man  of  energy  and  ability,  and 
having  a  fine  home  farm  place  four  miles  east  from 
Moscow,  where  he  does  commendable  work  in  the  line 
of  general  agriculture  and  raising  stock.  Herman  W. 
was  born  in  Monterey,  Allegan  county,  Michigan,  on 
August  13,  1859,  and  his  parents  were  Andrew  J. 
and  Amanda  Mallery.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith 
and  an  active  participant  in  political  affairs.  He  died 
when  our  subject  was  seventeen  years  of  age.  Her- 
man then  remained  at  home  until  his  twenty-fifth  year 
came,  learning  and  working  at  the  blacksmith  trade 
and  supporting  the  family.  He  wrought  still  three  years 
after  that  time  at  the  trade  and  then  turned  his  eyes 
to  the  west  and  came  hither  over  the  Northern  Pacific, 
landing  in  Spokane  on  March  4,  1887,  and  from  there 
came  to  Moscow.  He  looked  over  the  country  and 
finally  located  on  his  present  place,  four  miles  east  from 
Moscow,  taking  it  as  a  pre-emption.  He  has  devoted 
himself  to  the  culture  of  the  farm  and  development  of 
the  same,  having  it  now  well  improved  and  a  fine  home 
place. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


735 


The  marriage  of  Mr.  Mallery  and  Miss  Clara  E. 
Casson  was  solemnized  on  November  27,  1885,  at  Way- 
land,  Michigan.  Her  father,  Edward  Casson,  was  a 
plasterer  and  brick  mason  in  the  home  state.  The 
mother  was  Mrs.  Amelia  Casson.  There  have  been 
born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife  the  following  chil- 
dren: William  A.,  Zelma,  and  Perry  E.,  all  at  home. 

Mr.  Mallery  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  political  affairs  of  the  county 
and  state  and  manifests  an  intelligent  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  his  country.  In  many  minor  offices  he  has 
done  excellent  service,  using  the  same  care  and  con- 
cern in  the  discharge  of  these  duties  as  those  of  his  own 
business.  In  school  matters  Mr.  Mallery  has  evinced 
a  great  interest  and  the  district  has  profited  much  by 
his  labors  on  the  board  for  twelve  years  and  more.  He 
is  highly  esteemed  by  all  and  enjoys  the  confidence  of 
his  fellows. 


CHRIST  BURGER.  The  gentleman  whose  name 
heads  this  sketch  stands  as  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Latah 
county,  and  as  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  today,  hav- 
ing labored  faithfully  here  in  the  cause  of  advancement 
and  progression  and  development  wherein  he  has  had 
remarkable  success  owing  to  his  industry  and  sagac- 
ity, being  also  a  man  dominated  by  true  wisdom  and 
sound  principles  of  integrity  and  uprightness.  He  was 
born  in  Germany,  Thierstein,  on  March  9,  1836,  being 
the  son  of  Lawrence  and  Anna  (Bergmann)  Burger, 
also  natives  of  Germany,  and  who  now  sleep  in  the  old 
home  cemetery,  the  father  dying  in  1860  and  the  mother 
in  1858.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  village  schools, 
including  a  course  in  the  high  school,  until  he  was 
fourteen  and  then  he  learned  the  butcher  trade,  taking 
two  years  and  one-half  in  steady  work  at  it.  He  then, 
as  was  the  custom  with  the  German  youth,  took  a  trip 
abroad,  making  his  way  for  a  time  in  the  world  apart 
from  home  influences,  and  then  returning  home,  the 
father  relieved  him  from  going  into  the  army,  and  he 
labored  for  him  and  the  surrounding  farmers  until 
he  was  thirty  years  of  age.  At  that  time  he  embarked 
for  America,  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  being  the  object- 
ive point.  He  went  into  the  butcher  business  with  his 
brothers  and  there  operated  for  two  years,  then  sold 
out  and  travelled  from  place  tc  place,  and  finally  in 
1877,  came  to  Calfornia  and  there  earned  at  his  trade 
about  seven  hundred  dollars.  Then  he  went  to  Port- 
land, where  he  fell  in  with  a  man  wishing  to  start  the 
butcher  business,  and  went  into  partnership  with  him. 
Our  subject  had  not  learned  the  English  language  at 
that  time  and  his  partner  took  advantage  of  him  and 
gained  the  entire  capital,  and  Mr.  Burger  was  forced 
out  with  nothing.  He  then  came  to  Waitsbtirg,  Wash- 
ington, and  there  worked  at  the  butcher  business  for 
one  year  and  in  1879,  came  thence  to  Latah  county, 
locating  a  preemption  of  one  quarter  section,  then  a 
homestead  of  fifty  acres.  This  he  has  transformed  into 
a  fine  farm  and  a  good  family  home,  the  estate  being 
situated  seven  miles  west  from  Genesee.  He  has  good 
land,  well  improved  and  it  produces  fine  crops. 

The   marriage   of   Mr.    Burger   and   Miss   Bertha, 


daughter  of  Henry  .and  Amelia  (Nosa)  Burgwitz, 
natives  of  Germany,  was  celebrated  in  1877  and  they 
have  become  the  parents  of  the  following  children: 
Emma  M.,  married"  to  L.  F.  Boyer  and  living  in  Cali- 
fornia;  Ottelea  L.,  married  to  Eugene  Boyer  and  liv- 
ing in  California ;  Henry,  William  G.,  Ludwig  J.,  Clara 
G.,  and  Malinda  E.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burger  are  members 
of  the  Lutheran  church  and  are  highly  respected  citi- 
zens of  the  -county,  being  capable  and  substantial. 


HOA1ER  E.  BURR.  Our  subject  lives  four  and 
one-half  miles  northeast  from  Moscow  on  a  fine  farm, 
which  he  took  from  the  wilds  of  nature  by  the  home- 
stead right  and  has  made  into  one  of  the  most  fertile 
and  productive  farms  of  the  section,  having  it  well 
improved  and  an  exceptionally  fine  orchard  on  it, 
selling  from  the  same  last  year  five  tons  of  bartlet 
pears.  It  is  evident  that  Mr.  Burr  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing agriculturists  and  orchardists  of  the  county  and 
is  also  one  of  its  most  substantial  men,  skillful,  sa- 
gacious and  dominated  by  sound  principles  and  an  un- 
swerving integrity.  He  was  born  in  Clarke  county, 
Iowa,  on  October  14,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Alvin  and 
Nancy  Burr.  The  father  was  a  saw  mill  man  and 
stock  raiser  and  died  when  Homer  E.  was  seven  years 
old.  From  that  time  until  he  was  twenty,  our  sub- 
ject remained  with  his  mother  and  assisted  in  the  sup- 
port of  the  family.  While  he  was  an  infant,  the  fam- 
ily had  removed  to  Knox  county,  Missouri,  whence 
in  1872,  they  went  to  Chautauqua  county,  Kansas, 
taking  government  land.  In  1877  young  Burr  deter- 
mined to  seek  his  fortune  and  accordingly  allied  him- 
:lf  with  a  neighbor  and  drove  a  team  overland  to  this 


country,  getting  here  at  the  time  of  the  Nez  Perces  In- 
dian war,  but  being  unmolested  enroute.     Two  years 


. 

spent  in  a  sawmill  and  then  Mr.  Burr  took  up 
his  present  home  as  a  homestead.  He  built  a  log 
cabin  thereon  and  enjoyed  the  life  of  a  bachelor  during 
the  time  he  was  endeavoring  to  improve  the 
place.  He  saw  the  advisability  of  having  a 
competent  helpmate  in  his  life  of  toil  and  so  sought 
the  hand  of  Miss  Ann,  daughter  of  William  and  Lu- 
cinda  (Warmoth)  Frazier  in  marriage  and  on  Novem- 
ber 20  the  happy  ceremony  was  solemnized,  and  since 
that  time  they  have  wrought  together  with  great  joy 
and  success  in  the  lines  of  their  labors.  Mr.  Burr 
has  bought  and  sold  many  pieces  of  land  in  the  time 
he  has  lived  here  but  still  owns  the  old  homestead. 

This  estimable  couple  have  become  the  parents  of 
the  following  children :  Ella,  wife  of  Sherman  Towne 
of  this  county;  Alvin,  Audrey,  Edwin  A.,  Carl  V., 
Amos  B.  and'Leland  C.  In  church  and  political  re- 
lations, Mr.  Burr  is  not  particularly  allied,  being  a  man 
of  independent  thought  and  searching  out  for  him- 
self the  various  problems  of  existence.  He  is  a  dis- 
ciple of  diversified  farming  and  shows  forth  great 
skill  in  producing  practical  proofs  of  this  line,  as  well 
as  in  the  orchardist's  line,  having  made  some  com- 
mendable showings  in  that  realm.  Mr.  Burr  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  W. 


736 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


JAMES  A.  WOLFENBERGER.  The  capable 
and  enterprising  agriculturist  whose  name  is  at  the 
head  of  this  article  is  one  of  Latah  county's  substan- 
tial citizens,  and  a  man  of  integrity  and  uprightness, 
which  qualities  have  characterized  him  in  all  his  ways. 
James  is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  benig  born  in  Granger 
county,  on  January  26,  1840,  and  the  son  of  Peter  and 
Lucinda,  the  latter  having  died  in  1861.  The  father 
was  also  a  native  of  the  same  state  and  remained  there 
until  1882,  when  he  came  to  this  county,  homestead- 
ing  the  place  where  he  and  his  son  now  live,  two 
miles  east  from  Troy.  He  first  preempted  the  land 
and  later  used  the  homestead  right.  He  is  now  ninety 
years  of  age,  having  been  favored  with  a  long  life  and 
much  blessing.  Our  subject  remained  at  home  with 
his  parents  until  the  time  of  the  Civil  war,  when  he 
enlisted  in  the  Second  Tennessee  Cavalry,  the  year 
being  1862.  He  participated  in  many  skirmishes,  but 
in  no  heavy  battle  except  Chickamauga,  yet  he  was  in 
constant  military  duty  until  1865,  when  he  was  dis- 
'  charged  and  returned  to  his  home.  He  remained  with 
his  father  on  the  farm  until  1882,  the  date  of  the  im- 
migration to  these  sections.  He  took  a  quarter  section 
adjoining  his  father's  and  then  sold  it  in  1890.  The 
home  farm  is  well  improved,  has  a  fine  orchard  and 
is  productive  of  abundant  crops.  They  also  own 
another  quarter  two  miles  south  from  the  home  place. 
In  1883,  at  Cornwall,  occurred  the  happy  event  of 
the  marriage  of  Mr.  James  A.  Wolfenberger  and  Miss 
Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  John  and  Rebecca  Branson, 
and  the  union  has  been  blessed  by  the  advent  of  two 
children,  Hattie  R.  and  Peter  L.  Mrs.  Wolfenber- 
ger's  father  is  dead  but  the  mother  is  still  living.  Mr. 
Wolfenberger  is  a  man  of  industry,  and  patient  en- 
deavor, which  have  given  him  a  goodly  portion  of  the 
property  of  the  world,  while  he  has  always  manifested 
those  qualities  of  uprightness  and  sound  principles 
that  have  given  him  the  meed  of  the  confidence  of  his 
fellows. 


MOSES  VANDEVANTER.  The  subject  of  this 
article  is  at  the  present  time  one  of  the  business  men 
of  Cornwall,  where  he  operates  a  general  merchandise 
store,  being  a  substantial  and  highly  respected  citizen 
of  that  town  and  a  capable  business  man.  Moses  was 
born  on  May  28,  1861,  in  Guthrie  county,  Iowa,  being 
the  son  of  Israel  and  Rachel  (Moore)  Vandevanter. 
He  remained  with  his  father  until  twenty-two  years 
had  passed,  gaining  a  good  education  at  the  country 
schools  and  sound  principles  of  business  operation  from 
a  wise  father.  At  twenty-two  years  of  age,  Mr.  Van- 
devanter came  west  and  selected  Union  county,  Ore- 
gon, as  the  place  for  his  operations,  engaging  there 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  town  of  Union  in  the  manufact- 
ure of  lumber  with  his  brother,  where  he  continued 
until  1890,  when  he  came  to  this  county  and  took  up 
farming.  Later  he  left  that  occupation  and  opened 
a  general  merchandise  store  in  Cornwall  and  in  that 
place  he  has  done  business  since.  He  carries  a  good 
stock  of  well  selected  merchandise,  and  his  kind  and 
courteous  treatment  of  his  patrons  has  increased  his 


trade  to  goodly  proportions  and  he  is  building  up  a 
fine  business. 

Fraternally,  Mr.  Vandevanter  is  associated  with 
the  M.  W.  A.,  Camp  No.  9645  at  Cornwall ;  also  with 
the  Mox  Mox  Tribe  of  Redmen  in  Moscow ;  with  the 
Mystic  Workers  of  the  World,  Lodge  No.  281  of 
Cornwall,  and  in  all  of  these  relations  Mr.  Vandevan- 
ter is  highly  esteemed  aqd  well  liked.  He  has  never 
ventured  onto  the  sea  of  matrimony,  being  in  the  quiet 
enjoyment  of  the  celibatarian's  life. 


GEORGE  W.  WALKER.  Among  the  very  lead- 
ers in  enterprising  and  progressive  labors  in  the  coun- 
ty, having  done  especially  good  work  in  the  line  of  hor- 
ticulture and  in  the  instructor's  chair,  the  subject  of 
this  brief  article  is  eminently  fitted  to  be  accorded  con- 
sideration in  the  history  of  his  county,  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  grant  him  such.  George  W.  was 
born  in  Dearborn  county,  Indiana,  on  September  23, 
1855,  being  the  son  of  Alexander  and  Elizabeth  Walk- 
er. He  was  well  educated  in  the  public  schools  then 
attended  Moore's  Hill  College  for  one  year,  then  at 
the  age  of  twenty  went  to  Butler  county,  Kansas,  near 
Eldorado  and  commenced  his  career  as  school  teacher. 
Three  years  and  one-half  were  spent  thus  and  also 
in  attending  school  at  Eldorado,  Augusta,  Douglas, 
and  Winfield  schools,  after  which  he  returned  to  his 
native  place,  teaching  there  one  year.  Then  he  went 
to  Grinnell,  Iowa,  and  there  attended  Newton  school 
in  1880,  also  teaching  some.  He  was  at  Grinnell  dur- 
ing the  memorable  time  when  the  cyclone  tore  things 
to  pieces.  In  1883  Mr.  Walker  went  to  Kansas,  pur- 
chased a  quarter  section  near  Kingman,  taught  one 
term  there  and  then  returned  to  his  native  place  to  take 
to  himself  the  wife  of  his  choice,  the  lady  being  Miss 
Estelle,  daughter  of  a  prominent  Baptist  minister  there, 
and  a  school  mate  of  our  subject,  her  parents  being 
Allen  A.  and  Sarah  Anthony.  Together  they  returned 
to  the  Kansas  home  and  there  wrought  with  faithful- 
ness until  an  attack  of  asthma,  in  1888,  permanently 
threatened  the  health  of  Mrs.  Walker  and  they  sold 
cut  and  came  to  Latah  county,  where  happily  occurred 
the  entire  recovery  from  this  painful  malady.  They 
landed  in  Moscow  on  October  18,  1888,  and  soon 
bought  a  quarter  section  on  Big  Bear  ridge  and  home- 
steaded  another,  the  same  being  thirty  miles  east  from 
Moscow.  He  remained  on  the  farm  eleven  years  en- 
gaged in  horticulture,  apple  raising,  and  general 
farming,  besides  teaching  school.  His  place  is  im- 
proved in  splendid  shape  and  is  one  of  the  most  pro- 
ductive in  the  country.  In  June,  1899,  they  sold  some 
of  their  property  there  and  came  to  their  present  place, 
two  and  one-half  miles  northeast  from  Moscow  which 
he  bought  and  where  he  has  made  a  home  since.  Mr. 
Walker  has  made  a  special  study  of  fruit  raising  and 
he  intends  to  put  out  twenty-four  acres  of  apples  in 
the  spring,  using  Gano  and  Roman  Beauty  varieties, 
believing  these  the  best  for  this  section. 

Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  worthy 
couple,  as  follows :  Ray  A.,  educated  at  the  state  uni- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


versity,  is  now  the  possessor  of  a  county  certificate 
good  for  three  years,  and  is  teaching  school;  Edna 
S.,  attending  school  at  Moscow;  Glen  S.,  going  to 
school.  Mr.  Walker  came  to  his  present  place  to  edu- 
cate his  children.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  church  and  are  active  workers  in  this  realm, 
he  having  been  converted  at  the  age  of  twenty.  He 
is  a  stanch  supporter  of  this  faith.  Mr.  Walker  was 
a  settler  on  Big  Bear  ridge  before  Kendrick  was 
started  and  had  to  come  all  the  way  to  Moscow  to 
do  trading. 


WILLIAM  A.  BUCHANAN.  This  gentleman  is 
one  of  the  well  known  and  representative  business 
men  of  Latah  county  and  at  the  present  time  has  the 
mammoth  warehouse  at  Joel  where  he  does  a  good 
business  storing  wheat  for  the  farmers  of  the  vicin- 
ity, while  also  he  has  a  comfortable  residence  there. 
William  A.  Buchanan  was  born  in  Lee  county,  Iowa, 
on  August  5,  1863,  being  the  son  of  William  H.  and 
Phoebe  (Short)  Buchanan.  His  people  removed  to 
Newton  county,  Missouri,  when  our  subject  was  a 
small  boy,  remaining  there  until  he  had  reached  the 
age  of  eight.  At  that  time  they  removed  to  Oregon, 
settling  east  of  Portland,  where  the  family  remained 
nine  years.  The  father  followed  farming  and  after 
the  residence  at  Portland,  as  mentioned  above,  he  re- 
moved with  the  family  to  the  Potlatch  country  and 
took  a  homestead,  remaining  there  until  the  time  of 
his  death  in  1886.  Our  subject  operated  the  place  at 
home  for  a  number  of  years  and  then  took  a  homestead 
in  the  same  vicinity  in  1889,  remaining  there  for  four 
years,  and  then  he  was  appointed  postmaster  at  Corn- 
wall which  he  held  for  two  years.  Subsequent  to 
that  time  he  went  to  Moscow  where  he  staid  until  the 
spring  of  1898,  being  occupied  in  the  grain  ware- 
houses. In  1898  he  came  to  Joel  and  built  the  ware- 
house mentioned  above.  It  is  two  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-six feet  long  and  forty  feet  wide  and  is  patron- 
ized in  a  generous  measure.  Mr.  Buchanan  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Modern  Woodmen  of  America,  Camp  No. 
9645,  at  Cornwall.  Socially  he  is  highly  esteemed 
and  is  an  affable  and  amiable  gentleman  of  worth  and 
culture. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Buchanan  and  Miss  Lettie 
Alderman  was  solemnized  on  July  4,  1887,  at  Moscow, 
and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  one  child,  Otis. 
Mrs.  Buchanan's  parents  are  E.  W.  and  Joanna  (Ellis) 
Alderman  and  her  father  has  been  a  farmer  for  years 
in  Idaho  and  at  the  present  time  is  living  on  the  reser- 
vation in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mr.  Buchanan  has  dis- 
played in  the  time  of  his  residence  in  this  county  an 
ability  and  energy  and  uprightness  that  commend  him 
to  the  confidence,  good  will  and  respect  of  all. 


GEORGE  W.  HADLEY.  Among  the  farmers 
of  Latah  county,  there  should  not  be  failure  to  menton 
the  capable  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of 
this  article,  and  who,  although  having  been  within  the 


precincts  of  Latah  county  but  a  short  time,  still  has 
so  identified  himself  with  the  interests  of  it  that  he 
is  one  of  its  substantial  and  enterprising  citizens. 
George  Wr.  was  born  in  Michigan,  on  March  8,  1848, 
being  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Julia  (William)  Hadley, 
natives  respectively  of  England  and  Wales,  who  came 
to  America  in  1848,  locating  first  in  New  York  as 
farmers.  They  came  west  to  Colorado  in  1862,  and 
thence  in  1866,  across  the  plains  to  Walla  Walla,  where 
the  father  identified  himself  with  the  agricultural 
population  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  1899.  The  mother  died  in  1879,  and  tnev  both  are 
buried  in  the  Protestant  cemetery  in  Walla  Walla. 
Our  subject  received  his  first  schooling  in  Denver, 
Colorado,  being  eighteen  years  of  age  when  he  started, 
and  then  in  Walla  Walla  he  also  attended  school  some. 
He  worked  on  the  farms  in  the  west  until  1883,  having 
come  overland  with  his  parents,  then  he  bought  a  farm 
near  Walla  Walla  for  himself,  raising  wheat  there 
until  1896,  when  he  sold  and  came  to  Whitman  county 
and  from  there  to  Latah  county  in  1901.  Here  he 
rented  six  hundred  acres,  seven  miles  west  from  Gen- 
esee  and  the  first  season  he  raised  eight  thousand 
bushels  of  wheat  from  two  hundred  acres  of  land.  Mr. 
Hadley  has  twenty-seven  head  of  horses  and  thirty- 
four  cows  and  is  well  provided  with  all  accoutrements 
to  carry  on  the  large  estate  that  he  handles. 

In  1883  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Hadley  and 
Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Jane  (Scobil) 
Mathews ;  the  mother  died  in  1873,  but  thc  father  still 
lives  in  Lake  county,  California.  Seven  children  have 
been  the  fruit  of  this  happy  union,  as  follows:  Mar- 
garet J.,  married  to  J.  P.  Tady,  living  in  Whitman 
county,  Washington ;  Frederick  W.,  married  to  Annie 
Klein,  living  near  Umontown,  Washington;  Emma, 
wife  of  D.  C.  Trimmer,  living  near  Umontown :  Dora. 
Fay,  George  W.,  and  Arthur.  Mr.  Hadley  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  R,  Lodge  No.  90,  in  Uniontown, 
and  Mrs.  Hadley  affiliates  with  the  Rebekahs,  Lodge 
No.  loo,  in  Uniontown.  They  are  both  members  also 
of  the  Methodist  church  and  are  good  citizens,  faith- 
ful and  dominated  by  sound  principles  and  sagacity 
and  integrity. 


HON.  DANIEL  W.  DRISKEL.  This  well  known 
and  representative  stockman  and  agriculturist  is  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  Latah  county  and  has 
wrought  here  with  manifestation  of  ability  and  enter- 
prise. His  farm  is  located  three  miles  northeast  from 
Moscow  and  is  handled  in  a  commendable  manner.  He 
was  born  in  Porter  township,  Cass  county,  Michi- 
gan, to  Dennis  and  Mary  Driskel,  early  settlers  of  the 
state.  He  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  parents  until 
he  was  of  age,  attending  the  public  schools,  complet- 
ing his  education  in  the  Constantine  high  school.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-four,  in  1874,  he  bought  a  farm  in 
the  home  neighborhood,  tilling  the  soil  there  until 
1883.  Then  he  went  to  Monmouth,  Oregon,  pur- 
chased a  farm  and  tilled  the  same  and  raised  stock. 
He  was  overtaken  with  much  misfortune  here  and  the 
sad  event  of  the  death  of  his  wife  also  occurred  while 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  was  there.  In  the  fall  of  1888,  he  sold  the  farm  and 
came  to  Latali  county,  purchasing  the  farm  where  he 
now  lives,  three  miles  northeast  from  Moscow. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Driskel  and  Miss  Nellie, 
daughter  of  Zachariah  and  Lucretia  Denio,  was  sol- 
emnized on  April  8,  1875,  and  two  children  were  born 
to  them;  Fannie,  wife  of  T.  J.  Taylor  of  Salmon, 
Idaho ;  Zach  D.,  graduate  of  the  high  school  and  now 
assisting  his  father  on  the  farm.  On  October  18, 
1887,  Mr.  Driskel  contracted  a  second  marriage,  the 
lady  of  his  choice  on  this  occasion  being  Emma  N. 
Nelms,  and  the  nuptials  occurred  at  Farmington, 
Washington.  Mrs.  Driskel's  parents  are,  Henry  P., 
a  minister  of  the  Methodist  church  and  a  farmer,  and 
Sarah  A.  Mr.  Driskel  is  a  Republican  and  an  en- 
thusiastic worker  in  the  realm.  In  1900  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  the  state  legislature  and  was  elected  by  a 
handsome  majority.  But  on  account  of  his  party  be- 
ing in  the  minority  in  the  house,  he  was  unable  to  do 
much  legislation,  although  he  was  instrumental  in  as- 
sisting to  gain  an  appropriation  for  the  state  univer- 
sity which  enabled  them  to  erect  a  girl's  dormitory  and 
the  hall  of  science.  Also,  Mr.  Driskel  assisted  to  gain 
the  passage  of  the  bill  providing  for  the  property  road 
tax  which  has  been  very  beneficial  to  the  country.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Driskel  are  members  of  the  Christian  church 
and  he  holds  the  position  of  elder  in  the  Moscow  con- 
gregation. He  has  also  been  clerk  of  the  school  board 
for  a  number  of  years.  Mr.  Driskel  is  a  firm  believer 
in  the  diversified  plan  of  farming  and  proves  its  value 
in  practical  work.  He  has  improved  his  farm  in  a 
fine  manner,  has  a  commodious  barn,  good  out  build- 
ings, and  a  fine  residence.  In  the  fall  of  1901,  he 
went  to  Michigan,  called  thither  by  the  death  of  his 
father.  He  settled  the  estate  and  brought  his  aged 
mother  home  with  him,  where  she  lives  at  the  present 
time.  Mr.  Driskel  is  one  of  the  capable  and  progres- 
sive business  men  and  has  the  esteem  of  all. 


CHARLES  HOBART.  This  gentleman  is  justly 
entitled  to  consideration  in  the  history  of  Latah  county 
since  he  assisted  to  open  this  country  for  settlement, 
has  labored  faithfully  for  its  progress  since  that  date, 
and  has  been  a  prominent  citizen  of  the  county,  being 
a  man  of  capabilities  and  integrity.  Mr.  Hobart  was 
born  in  Licking  county,  Ohio,  on  November  17,  1845, 
being  the  son  of  Jonathan  and  Charlotte  Hobart,  who 
brought  their  young  children  to  Iowa  when  he  was 
ten  years  of  age,  settling  in  Fayette  county.  In  that 
section  our  subject  remained,  acquiring  an  education, 
also  gaining  good  exercise  on  the  farm,  until  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Ninth  Iowa  Infantry 
and  at  once  took  part  in  the  Civil  war.  He  was  with 
Curtis  in  the  Arkansas  campaign  and  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  where  he  was  wounded.  He 
was  at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  also  at  Jackson,  then 
in  the  battle  of  Chattanooga.  When  his  time  was 
completed  he  returned  to  Iowa  and  at  once  reenlisted 
in  the  same  company  and  regiment  and  went  to  the 
sea  with  Sherman  and  remained  with  him  until  the  close 


f  to  Iowa  he  farmed 
i  years,  then  went  to 


of  the  entire  conflict.  Returnin 
in  Fayette  county  for  about  tei 
Adair  county,  near  Creston  and  farmed  and  raised 
stock  for  four  years.  Then  he  removed  to  north- 
western Kansas  and  remained  there  until  1882,  when 
the  journey  was  made  to  Idaho.  Arriving  here,  he 
selected  a  farm  four  miles  east  from  Moscow  and 
there  settled  to  work,  producing  the  fruits  of  the  field 
and  raising  stock.  Eighteen  years  were  spent  in  this 
work,  and  then  Mr.  Hobart  removed  to  his  present 
place,  seven  miles  east  from  Moscow.  This  farm  has 
two  hundred  acres  and  is  well  improved.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  labor,  he  has  operated  a  threshing  outfit  for 
nineteen  years,  having  had  success  in  this  line  as  in 
his  other  labors. 

On  January  27,  1868,  in  Macomb,  Illinois,  Mr. 
Hobart  married  Miss  Lavina,  daughter  of  James  and 
Elizabeth  Lenington,  and  the  following  children  have 
been  born  to  them;  James  L.,  married  to  Elizabeth 
Decker  in  Nezperce ;  Edwin,  married  to  Aclella  Denny 
also  in  Nezperce;  Jacob  L,  married  to  Elvira  Dollar- 
hide  and  living  in  this  county ;  Leona,  wife  of  Francis 
Hill,  in  Nezperce;  Clifton,  at  home;  Nellie,  wife  of 
John  K.  Bruce.  Mr.  Hobart  is  one  of  the  esteemed 
citizens  of  the  county,  has  an  enviable  standing  and  re- 
ceives the  confidence  of  all. 


THOMAS  A.  SMITH.  One  of  Latah  county's 
prosperous  and  enterprising  farmers  is  mentioned 
above  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to 
grant  him  a  representation  in  the  county  history  since 
he  has  wrought  with  the  true  spirit  of  progress  and  en- 
ergy that  have  made  these  vast  regions  the  abode  of 
civilization.  He  was  born  in  the  grand  old  country  of 
England,  in  Leicester  county,  on  March  8,  1836,  being 
the  son  of  Thomas  and  Ann  Smith,  the  father  being  a 
farmer,  baker  and  brewer.  Thomas  A.  was  an  inmate 
of  the  parental  household  until  the  time  of  his  majority 
came  and  then  he  started  for  himself,  coming  di- 
rect to  the  new  world.  He  accompanied  a  neighbor 
and  family,  and  it  was  their  lot  to  land  the  day  the 
famous  battle  of  Bull  Run  was  fought.  From  New 
York,  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  engaged  in  farming, 
but  soon  removed  to  Oceana  county,  Michigan,  and 
farmed  there  for  seventeen  years.  In  that  time  he 
cleared  one  hundred  acres  of  land  from  heavy  timber 
and  set  it  to  orchard  and  produced  the  fruits  of  the 
soil.  He  then  sold  this  property  and  came  to  Chi- 
cago and  started  a  meat  market.  During  the  years 
in  which  he  operated  that,  the  great  Chicago  fire  oc- 
curred, but  he  did  not  suffer  from  that  conflagration. 
Soon  after  this  event,  in  fact  his  ceritficate  of  marri- 
age was  the  second  recorded  after  the  fire,  Mr.  Smith 
married  Ann,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  John- 
stone,  on  October  12,  1871.  Soon  after  this -important 
event,  they  decided  to  come  west  and  so  took  passage 
over  the  Union  Pacific  railroad  to  Washington,  coming 
via  Sacramento.  Twenty-one  days  later,  they  landed 
in  Lamota,  and  came  thence  direct  to  Whitman  county. 
Mr.  Smith  bought  a  farm  near  the  Idaho  line  in  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


year  1887,  and  in  1890  he  added  another  quarter  sec- 
tion just  across  the  line  into  Idaho,  where  he  removed, 
renting  the  former  land.  Since  that  time,  Mr.  Smith 
has  made  Latah  county  his  home  and  expresses  a  de- 
sire to  pass  the  remainder  of  his  days  within  its  pre- 
cincts. Mr.  .Smith  has  a  very  productive  farm  and  in 
addition  to  the  abundant  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  and 
barley,  he  markets  a  great  deal  of  fruit  and  vegeta- 
bles. Mr.  Smith  is  never  forward  in  the  political 
arena,  being  disposed  to  quietly  pass  his  time  in  the 
prosecution  of  his  private  industrie.s.  He  and  his  es- 
timable wife  are  members  of  the  Church  of  England 
and  regular  attendants  in  Moscow. 


SAMUEL  H.  TRITT.  The  subject  of  this  article 
was  born  in  Newville,  Pennsylvania,  on  February  14, 
1852,  to  Samuel  and  Julia  A!  Tritt.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  native  place  and  was  reared  on  the 
old  homestead,  where  the  father  died  when  this  son 
had  reached  the  age  of  majority.  This  sad  event 
transferred  the  responsibility  of  the  control  of  home 
affairs  upon  Samuel  for  two  years,  when  death  claimed 
the  mother  also.  The  farm  was  then  disposed  of  and 
the  orphaned  children  were  scattered.  In  the  spring 
of  1876,  Samuel  H.  came  to  Michigan  and  worked  for 
his  brother-in-law  in  a  flour  mill  for  two  years,  then 
went  to  Kansas,  bought  a  quarter  section  near  Rus- 
sell, farmed  it-  for  two  years,  then  sold  out  and  went 
to  Manhattan,  Kansas,  taking  up  the  stock  business. 
In  1883  he  went  to  Ellis  county,  took  government  land 
and  farmed  for  seven  years,  proving  up  on  his  land 
in  the  meantime.  Selling  out,  he  returned  to  Manhat- 
tan and  two  years  later  was  determined  to  see  the  west 
and  accordingly  chartered  a  car,  filled  it  with  house- 
hold goods,  several  head  of  extra  fine  Jersey  cows,  a 

Latah  county.  He  settled  on  eighty  acres  on  Ameri- 
can ridge,  but  sold  it  in  one  year  later  and  took  charge 
of  the  poor  farm  for  three  and  one-half  years.  After 
that  period  he  bought  the  farm  where  he  lives  now, 
four  miles  northwest  from  Moscow,  it  being  a  wild 
piece  of  land  at  that  time.  He  has  manifested  great 
industry,  wise  management,  and  skill  in  the  care  of  this 
land  and  has  transformed  it  into  one  of  the  best  farms 
in  the  county.  He  has  fine  buildings,  as  residence,  out 
buildings,  barns  and  so  forth,  while  he  has  abundant 
returns  from  the  crops  each  year.  His  herds  are  made 
up  of  excellent  Jerseys  and  he  does  some  skillful  work 
in  handling  the  different  grasses  as  brome-grass,  tim- 
othy, red  clover,  and  so  forth.  He  sold  the  seed  of  one 
and  one-half  acres  of  the  first  crop  of  brome-grass  for 
thirty  dollars,  reserving  the  hay  for  himself. 

Mr.  Tritt  has  a  very  able  assistant  and  sympathetic 
associate  in  his  progressive  farm  work,  in  his  wife. 
Catherine  C.  (Juvenal)  Tritt,  to  whom  he  was  united 
in  marriage  on  June  3,  1880,  at  Russell,  Kansas.  The 
fruit  of  this  marriage  is  Grace  P.,  married  to  Lewis 
Kitley  and  residing  in  Moscow ;  Ladessa  E.,  Erma  H., 
and  George  G.  Fay  P.,  the  fourth  child,  died  in  May, 
1901.  Mrs.  Tritt  is  the  daughter  of  J.  C.  and  Martha 


Juvenal,  of  Russell,  Kansas.  The  father  was  a  suc- 
cessful stockman,  handling  immense  herds  of  cattle 
from  Texas  to  the  interior  states,  which  was  a  very 
profitable  business.  He  was  also  a  large  owner  of 
Kansas  realty.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tritt  are  valuable  ad- 
ditions to  the  residents  of  Latah  county,  and  have  done 
excellent  work  in  the  development  of  the  resources 
of  the  county  and  in  augmenting  its  wealth. 


CANUD  MADISON.  It  is  pleasant  to  have  the 
opportunity  to  speak,  though  necessarily  in  brief,  of 
the  career  of  the  esteemed  gentleman  and  loyal  citi- 
zen, whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph,  since  he 
has  been  faithful  in  labor,  wise  in  business,  kind  and 
considerate  as  father  and  husband,  and  loyal  and  pa- 
triotic in  the  defense  of  his  chosen  county.  From  no 
spot  on  the  earth  come  more  loyal  souls  than  from  the 
far-away  land  of  Norway,  in  Bergen  district  of  which 
country  our  subject  was  born  on  April  28,  1833,  being 
the  son  of  Mathias  and  Susan  Madison.  For  seven- 
teen years,  the  youth  remained  under  the  parental  roof, 
and  then  bade  good  bye  to  home,  relatives  and  native 
land,  and  embarked  for  America.  He  settled  in  Le- 
land  county,  Illinois,  and  straightway  learned  the  car- 
penter trade  and  began  the  good  labor  of  upbuilding. 
He  continued  at  that  for  a  number  of  years  where 
he  lived  and  then  offered  his  services  in' Company  D, 
Fifty-third  Illinois  Infantry  in  1861.  He  was  in  the 
western  army  and  did  much  hard  fighting.  He  was  in 
the  battle  of'Shiloh,  at  Tallahassee,  participated  in  the 
siege  of  Vicksburg,  then  on  to  Atlanta.  Being  taken 
a  prisoner,  he  was  thrown  into  the  horrors  of  Ander- 
sonville,  and  for  six  months  languished  in  that  vilest 
of  modern  dens  -of  suffering.  Then  being  paroled, 
he  again  joined  his  command,  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Jackson,  being  shot  through  the  thigh,  was 
sent  to  Illinois  on  a  furlough  in  1864,  then  went  to 
St.  Louis  where  he  was  discharged.  Such  in  brief 
is  the  praisworthy  military  record  of  this  patriotic 
veteran  and  all  honor  be  given  to  those  who  bore  the 
flag,  undimmed  in  its  pristine  glory,  through  those 
long  years  of  internecine  strife.  Immediately  follow- 
ing his  discharge,  young  Madison  returned  to  Leland, 
Illinois,  and  in  1868  came  to  Vermillion,  Dakota,  and 
there  took  a  preemption  and  homestead  and  gave  his 
attention  to  farming  for  eight  years.  Then  came  the 
long  removal  to  Portland,  Oregon,  where  one  year 
was  spent  at  the  carpenter  trade,  then  we  find  our 
subject  making  his  way  into  the  regions  of  Latah 
county.  He  took  up  a  timber  claim  seven  miles  south- 
east from  where  Moscow  is  now  and  bought  another 
quarter  and  settled  down  to  farming  and  he  has  stead- 
ily pursued  this  faithfully  until  of  recent  years  he  has 
retired  from  the  activities  of  the  field  to  enjoy  the  hard 
earned  competence  with  which  he  is  blessed. 

Mr.  Madison  married  Miss  Ellen  Iverson,  in  1866, 
at  Leland,  Illinois,  and  they  have  become  the  parents 
of  the  following  children:  Benjamin  O.,  at  home; 
Ulyses  W.,  at  home:  Franklin  F.,  married  to  Adelia 
Palmer;  Sarah,  wife  of  A.  Bow:  Stella,  wife  of  C. 


740 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Symonson ;  Etta,  wife  of  M.  Madison ;  Clara,  wife  of 
E.  Anderson;  Frances,  wife  of  J.  Geer;  Ellen,  Ollie, 
and  Eleda,  the  last  three  at  home.  Mr.  Madison 
is  a  member  of  the  Major  Anderson  Post,  No.  5,  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  at  Moscow.  He  is  a  man  who  has  the 
confidence  of  his  fellows  and  is  looked  up  to  and 
greatly  respected  in  the  community. 


CHARLEY  EBEL.  Five  miles  northwest  from 
Genesee,  we  find  the  well  kept  farm  of 
Mr.  Ebel.  It  consists  of  two  hundred  broad 
and  fertile  acres,  and  is  adorned  and  embellished 
with  a  good  residence,  barn,  outbuildings  and 
other  improvements  of  a  permanent  and  valuable 
character,  and  produces  annually  a  handsome 
return  to  the  careful  husbandry  of  the  proprietor,  who 
is  a  man  of  ability,  energy  and  enterprise,  being  well 
known  and  highly  esteemed  for  his  substantial  quali- 
ties. Mr.  Ebel  was  born  in  Germany,  April  19,  1839, 
being  the  son  of  Christopher  and  Sophia  (Quetso) 
Ebel,  natives  also  of  the  Fatherland.  The  father  was 
born  there  in  1797,  and  died  in  1874,  the  mother  dying 
when  she  was  young,  and  both  are  buried  in  Mackel- 
besh.  Charley  was  educated  in  the  village  schools  of 
his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years  left 
the  school  house  to  participate  in  the  labors  of  his 
father's  farm,  continuing  thus  until  he  had  reached  his 
majority.  Then  he  repaired  to  Berlin,  Germany,  and 
learned  the  brewer's  trade,  laboring  for  twelve  years 
steadily  at  it,  when  he  started  a  retail  liquor  store 
which  he  operated  for  four  years.  1876  marks  the  time 
of  his  advent  to  America.  He  landed  in  New  York 
and  soon  hired  on  board  of  ship  to  go  to  bavanah, 
Georgia,  where  he  was  occupied  in  fishing  for  two 
years.  After  this  period,  he  came  to  the  territory  now 
embraced  in  Latah  county,  and  he  preempted  a  quarter 
section  where  he  now  lives  and  soon  added  forty  more 
by  the  timber  culture  right.  He  settled  down  to  im- 
prove his  land  in  a  becoming  manner,  building  good 
house,  barns  and  other  necessary  improvements  and 
since  that  time  until  the  present  he  has  steadily  pur- 
sued his  way  and  has  prospered  in  his  labors. 

In  1871  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Ebel  and 
Miss  Francisco,  daughter  of  Gearhard  and  Adelheid 
(Kreabich)  Wilhelm,  natives  of  Potsdam,  Germany, 
where  the  father  lies  buried  now.  the  mother  being 
interred  in  Belgium.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ebel,  namely:  Charles  F.,  married 
to  Freda  Mathonse,  living  in  Latah  county;  George, 
living  with  parents;  Max,  married  to  May  More,  liv- 
ing in  Ritzville,  Washington.  Mrs.  Ebel  is  a  member 
of  the  Catholic  church. 


NIELS  MADSEN.  This  intelligent  and  capable 
agriculturist  is  one  of  Latah  county's  progressive  citi- 
zens who  has  done  a  goodly  portion  toward  the  devel- 
opment of  the  county,  having  a  fine  farm  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres,  seven  and  one-half  miles  south- 


east from  Moscow,  and  also  another  quarter  of  good 
farm  land  near  by.  Mr.  Madsen  was  born  in  Den- 
mark, on  July  22,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Mads  and 
Johana  Madsen.  where  he  lived  until  1871,  at  which 
time  he  bade  homeland  and  all  its  associations  farewell 
and  turned  his  way  to  the  land  of  America.  He  had 
been  reared  on  a  farm  and  naturally  he  went  to  work 
on  a  farm  in  this  country,  spending  one  year  in  Wis- 
consin, then  removing  to  Clay  county,  South  Dakota. 
In  1877  he  migrated  from  that  place  to  Oregon  and 
lived  in  that  state  .one  year  and  in  1878  we  find  him  in 
the  territory  that  is  now  embraced  in  Latah  county. 
He  immediately  took  land  where  he  now  lives,  and  he 
has  carved  out  of  the  wild  land  a  fine  farm.  He  has 
good  improvements  and  everything  about  his  prem- 
ises bears  the  air  of  thrift  and  industry.  Mr.  Madsen 
has  been  chosen  road  supervisor  for  a  number  of  terms 
in  his  district  and  he  has  displayed  the  same  tireless 
care  for  the  welfare  of  all  in  his  hands  in  that  position 
as  for  his  private  enterprises. 

On  November  17,  1880,  Mr.  Madsen  married  Miss 
Harriett,  daughter  of  Ira  and  Sarah  Lyon.  The  wed- 
ding occurred  in  the  neighborhood  where  they  now 
live.  Mr.  Madsen  is  a  man  entitled  to  the  esteem  and 
and  respect  of  his  fellows  and  he  enjoys  it  in  a  gen- 
erous measure  and  he  is  counted  one  of  the  promi- 


FRANK  RAYBURN.  The  subject  of  this  re- 
view has  been  intimately  connected  with  the  business 
world  in  Latah  county  for  sometime,  being  allied  with 
the  mercantile  branch  in  various  capacities  in  Moscow, 
and  having  manifested  both  good  ability  and  faith- 
fulness that  have  given  him  a  prestige  among  his 
fellows  that  is  pleasant  and  a  proper  recognition  of 
worth  and  integrity.  Frank  Rayburn  was  born  in 
Keokuk,  Iowa,  on  October  i,  1847,  being  the  son  of 
Stephenson  and  Rebecca  J.  Rayburn.  The  father  was 
born  in  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  in  1819,  moved  to  Illi- 
nois, thence  to  Iowa,  and  then  to  Salem,  Oregon, 
across  the  plains  with  ox  teams  in  1852,  that  being 
the  year  of  the  cholera  plague.  He  settled  with  his 
family  at  Maryville,  now  Corvallis,  then  the  capital 
of  Oregon.  He  wrought  at  the  carpenter  trade  there 
until  1899,  then  came  to  Latah  county,  where  he  died 
in  1900.  The  mother  had  died  in  1875.  The  immedi- 
ate subject  of  this  sketch  came  across  the  plains  with 
his  father,  remaining  with  him  in  Oregon  until  1878, 
when  he  set  out  on  a  traveling  expedition  that  led 
him  over  the  states  of  California.  Oregon,  Washing- 
ton, Idaho,  and  Montana,  but  finally,  in  1882,  he  came 
to  Moscow,  being  in  the  employ  of  McConnell  &  Com- 
pany, dry  goods  merchants.  Four  years  he  was  en- 
gaged w'ith  them,  then  two  years  with  Durnham  & 
Koffman  and  one  year  with  James  Shields,  all  in  the 
mercantile  business. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Rayburn  and  Miss  Lillian 
O.,  daughter  of  Charles  V.  and  Lydia  Vanderwalker, 
living  near  Moscow,  was  celebrated  on  September 
25,  1887,  and  to  them  has  been  born  one  son,  Charles 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Franklin,  attending  school.  Mr.  Rayburn  was  chief 
of  police  in  Corvallis  for  two  years  and  deputy  sheriff 
of  Benton  county  for  eight  years.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  of  P.  at  Pendleton,  Damon  No.  4;  of  the  Unit- 
ed Artisans,  Columbia  104;  also  of  the  Royal  Arca- 
num. Mr.  Rayburn  has  seen  considerable  Indian  fight- 
ing, also  much  of  their  depredations.  He  was  scout 
in  the  Modoc  Indian  war  in  California  in  1872.  All 
the  families  in  the  neighborhood  where  our  subject's 
father  lived  were  massacred,  with  the  exception  of 
Mr.  Rayburn's  family. 


JOHN  J.  OWEN  is  of  English  and  Welsh  an- 
cestry and  was  born  in  Birmingham,  England,  Janu- 
ary 30,  1843,  a  son  of  John  and  Matilda  (Jordan) 
Owen.  In  1849,  when  lie  was  six  years  of  a£e>  the 
family  came  to  America.  It  consisted  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs. 'Owen,  John  J.  and  two  sisters.  Charles,  an 
older  son,  had  been  lost  at  sea.  W.  H.,  the  youngest 
of  the  family,  was  born  after  the  others  came  to  this 
country.  He  is  now  living  in  Minnesota.  The  fam- 
ily settled  at  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  where  the  father 
found  work  as  a  tinner,  a  trade  which  he  had  fol- 
lowed in  England.  Later  the  family  lived  in  Mason 
county,  and  then  in  Iroquois  county,  Illinois.  In  the 
latter  place  John  Owen  died  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
seven,  having  survived  his  wife  several  years.  They 
had  been  reared  in  the  Baptist  faith,  but  later  in  life 
allied  themselves  with  the  Seventh-day  Adventists.  The 
two  daughters  married  well. 

John  J.  Owen  was  educated  at  the  Grand  Prairie 
Seminary  in  Illinois,  and  at  Milton  Academy,  Milton, 
Wisconsin.  He  was  in  school  when  the  war  began, 
and  threw  down  his  books  to  respond  to  President  Lin- 
coln's first  call  for  troops.  He  enlisted  in  Company 
C,  Fifty-seventh  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  while  yet 
a  boy  in  his  'teens,  served  with  his  regiment  until  the 
term  of  his  enlistment  had  expired,  and  was  the  only 
member  of  it  who  made  himself  a  veteran  by  re-enlist- 
ment. As  a  member  of  Company  I  of  the  same  regi- 
ment he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  His  regiment 
was  attached  to  command  of  General  John  A.  Logan, 
who  was  in  charge  of  the  Western  Department  and 
young  Owen  fought  at  Fort  Donelson,  Altoona  Pass, 
Goldsboro,  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Buzzard's  Roost  creek,  Bee 
creek  and  Resaca.  After  that  the  regiment  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  command  of  General  W.  T.  Sherman  and 
followed  him  on  his  famous  march  from  Atlanta  to  the 
sea.  When  the  war  was  at  an  end  he  participaetd  in 
the  grand  review  of  the  victorious  army  at  Washing- 
ton. He  received  an  honorable  discharge  from  the 
service  and  was  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
and  returned  to  his  home,  a  victor  and  a  veteran,  and 
at  once  settled  down  to  the  peaceful  vocation  of  a  tin- 
ner and  a  hardware  dealer. 

From  1868  to  1876  he  farmed  in  Nebraska,  then 
after  a  two  years'  residence  in  Sacramento,  California, 
he  went  to  Astoria,  Oregon.  The  steamer  Republic, 
on  which  he  had  taken  passage  with  his  wife  and  two 
daughters,  was  wrecked.  The  disaster  occurred  unex- 


ectedly  at  four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  all  the 
passengers  were  asleep  in  their  staterooms.  They 
were  kept  one  day  on  the  wreck  before  being  rescued 
by  life  boats.  He  lost  his  entire  possessions  that  were 
aboard,  but  escaped  with  life  and  family.  He  went  to 
Knappa,  Oregon,  and  thence  in  1885  to  Moscow,  Idaho. 
Two  years  later  he  went  to  Genesee,  then  a  town  of  one 
shanty,  and  he  purchased  a  lot  and  erected  the  first 
building  that  had  a  shingle  roof  in  the  town,  and  there 
he  kept  hotel  for  four  years,  being  then  appointed  in- 
structor in  the  Indian  Industrial  School,  which  was 
discontinued  two  years  later,  when  Mr.  Owen  returned 
to  his  hotel  and  operated  it  until  he  sold  the  property. 
In  180.7  he  was  appointed  postmaster  in  Genesee  and 
since  that  time  he  has  faithfully  fulfilled  the  duties  of 
that  office,  giving  the  best  service  of  mails  the  town 
has  ever  secured. 

In  1867  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Owen  and 
Miss  Thalia  L.  Krunn,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  they 
have  become  the  parents  of  three  daughters,— Mattie, 
wife  of  A.  W.  Conway;  Nettie,  wife  of  Captain  A. 
McKenna,  of  the  United  States  signal  service  in  the 
Philippines;  Carrie  Matilda,  at  home.  Mr.  Owen 
affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  G.  A.  R.  and  the 
K.  of  P.  Mrs.  Owen  is  a  member  of  the  Relief  Corps 
and  of  the  Rathbone  Sisters.  Mr.  Owen  has  always 
been  allied  with  the  Republican  party  and  has  served 
as  city  marshal  of  Genesee  and  was  a  member  of  the 
first  city  council.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Owen  are  among 
the  leading  people  of  the  city  and  are  esteemed  by  a 
large  circle  of  friends  and  respected  by  all. 


ELIAS  TUCKEY.  Among  the  leading  agri- 
culturists of  Latah  county  may  be  mentioned  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  He  has  labored  long  in  this  sec- 
tion and  may  really  be  classed  as  one  of  the  builders 
of  the  county,  having  wrought  faithfully  for  advance- 
merit  and  progress,  displaying  meanwhile  enterprise 
and  commendable  zeal  and  wisdom.  On  May  3,  1847, 
Elias  Tuckey  was  born  in  Bangor,  Wales,  to  John  and 
Sarah  Tuckey.  The  father  was  a  stone  cutter,  and  a 
native  of  Wiltshire,  England,  being  born  in  1804,  and 
dying  in  Montana  in  1884.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Somersetshire,  England,  in  1800.  The  father  came  to 
New  York,  thence  to  Wisconsin,  and  on  to  Iowa,  in 
1865,  to  California  in  1874,  and  in  1876  to  Idaho,  this 
county,  then  Nez  Perces.  He  worked  on  the  first 
Potania  bridge,  across  the  arm  of  the  sea  in  Wales,  it 
being  the  first  suspension  structure  in  the  world.  He 
took  government  land  near  Lenville,  Latah  county, 
assisted  to  erect  the  first  saw  mill  in  the  section,  and 
also  had  many  fights  with  the  hostile  Indians. 

The  immediate  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  this 
county  in  1878,  assisted  his  father  in  the  improvement 
of  the  latter's  farm,  then  returned  to  Iowa,  and  two 
years  later  came  again  to  this  section.  He  now  owns 
a  farm  three  and  one-half  miles  northeast  from  Len- 
ville, in  Latah  county,  and  is  numbered  with  the  pros- 
perous men  of  the  section. 

On   March    14,    1877,    Mr.    Tuckey   married   Miss 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Carrie,  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Carrie  Stout,  farmers 
of  Iowa,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Waterloo.  Iowa,  and 
three  children  have  been  born  to  the  happy  union, — 
Frank  J.,  Sarah  M.  and  Alice  J.  Mrs.  Tuckey's  par- 
ents died  aged  eighty-seven  and  eighty-eight.  In 
political  matters  Mr.  Tuckey  is  affiliated  with  the  Re- 
publican party,  and  takes  the  interest  incumbent  on 
every  good  citizen  in  the  affairs  of  the  county.  He 
has  had  many  trying  times  in  the  business  and  in- 
dustrial world,  but  it  may  be  said  that  he  has  mani- 
fested commendable  wisdom  and  enterprise  in  the  man- 
agement of  his  business  affairs  and  his  life  displays 
the  stanch  worth  of  character  and  uprightness  that 
are  pleasing  and  praiseworthy. 


HON.  DANIEL  GAMBLE.  Although  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  is  at  the  present  time  one  of  the 
successful  and  prosperous  agriculturists  of  Latah  coun- 
ty, yet  he  has  served  in  various  other  capacities,  as 
in  the  professional  field  and  also  as  representative  of 
his  county  in  the  state  legislature,  while  he  has  ever 
manifested  those  qualities  of  worth  and  stability  which 
have  characterized  his  walk  both  in  public  service  and 
private  enterprise. 

Daniel  Gamble  was  born  on  October  24,  1857.  in 
Milford,  county  Donegal,  Ireland,  being  the  son  of 
Daniel  and  Hester  Gamble.  At  the  early  age  of  fif- 
teen he  came  to  America,  and  for  two  years  was  em- 
ployed in  the  chemical  works  in  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia. Thence  he  went  to  San  Francisco  in  1874, 
where  for  three  and  a  half  years  he  pursued  classical 
and  scientific  studies  under  the  immediate  direction  of 
Professor  John  Gamble,  B.  A.,  Ph.  D.,  Queen's  Uni- 
versity of  Ireland,  and  Professor  John  Murphy,  M.  A., 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  In  January,  1878,  he  en- 
tered the  San  Francisco  Theological  Seminary,  and 
graduated  from  that  institution  at  the  head  of 
his  class,  on  April  29,  1880.  On  the  same  day 
he  was  licensed  by  the  Presbytery  of  San  Fran- 
cisco to  preach  the  gospel,  and  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  faculty  of  the  theological  semi- 
nary was  at  once  commissioned  by  the  Presby- 
terian board  as  their  missionary  to  the  new  regions  of 
the  northwest.  In  January,  1881,.  in  connection  with 
Rev.  T.  M.  Boyd,  he  organized  the  First  Presbyterian 
church  of  Moscow,  and  in  the  following  spring  ob- 
tained as  a  gift  from  Mr.  John  Russell  the  site  on 
which  the  church  now  stands.  A  year  later  he  was 
called  to  the  First  Presbyterian  church  of  Victoria, 
B.  C,  where  his  labors  were  so  successful  that  during 
his  pastorate  it  was  found  necessary  to  enlarge  the 
house  of  worship  to  twice  the  original  size.  While 
in  Victoria  he  acted  as  chaplain  of  the  Royal  Hospital 
and  also  of  the  House  of  Parliament  of 'British  Co- 
lumbia. 

In  1884  Mr.  Gamble  returned  to  the  United  States 
in  response  to  a  call  from  the  Presbyterian  church  of 
Goldendale,  Washington.  There  he  labored  for  five 
years,  during  which  time  he  enlarged  the  house  of 
worship  to  twice  its  original  size,  and  also  organized 


the  Presbyterian  church  of  Centerville.  In  connec- 
tion with  his  regular  work  as  a  pastor  Mr.  Gamble  la- 
bored extensively  as  an  evangelist  throughout  Ore- 
gon, Washington,  Idaho  and  British  Columbia,  until 
his  incessant  labors  finally  broke  down  h'is  health,  forc- 
ing him  to  retire  from  the  work  of  the  ministry  to  the 
quiet  of  his  home  at  Moscow. 

In  1894  Mr.  Gamble  was:  nominated  by  the  Repub- 
lican convention  for  state  representative  from  Latah 
county,  and  was  the  only  nominee  of  the  convention 
who  was  elected.  As  a  legislator  he  left  an  indelible 
impression  on  the  statute  books  of  Idaho.  He  intro- 
duced and  succeeded  in  having  passed  a  bill  making  a 
farm  laborer's  lien  a  preferred  claim,  and  what  is 
known  as  the  Gamble  exemption  bill,  granting  to  the 
citizens  of  Idaho  such  liberal  exemptions  as  few  other 
states  can  boast.  He  also  led  the  fight  against  what 
is  known  as  the  validation  bill,  which  was  finally  de- 
feated, after  a  prolonged  and  bitter  struggle. 

On  July  14,  1884.  Mr.  Gamble  was  married  to 
Miss  Isabella,  daughter  of  James  and  Margaret  Smith, 
of  Victoria,  B.  C.,  and  they  have  become  the  parents 
of  four  sons..— Daniel  R.,  j'ames  R.,  Gustavus  A.  and 
William  J.,  and  two  daughters,— Margaret  Hester  and 
Lola. 

Mr.  Gamble  is  one  of  the  influential  men  of  the 
county  and  has  always  been  an  active  laborer  for  its 
advancement.  He  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  who  know 
him  and,  surrounded  by  his  growing  family  and  hosts 
of  friends,  he  has  just  cause  for  abundant  happiness 
and  contentment  with  his  earthly  lot. 


DAVID  CHAPMAN.  The  venerable  gentleman 
whose  name  appears  at  the  head  of  this  article  is  one 
of  the  esteemed  and  substantial  citizens  of  Latah  coun- 
ty, having  labored  here  for  the  general  welfare  and 
a'dvancement  of  the  interests  of  the  county,  and  he  is 
now  one  of  the  heavy  property  owners,  and  is  highly 
respected  by  all,  since  he  has  displayed  commendable 
enterprise  and  stanch  integrity  and  sound  principles 
in  the  affairs  of  public  life  and  private  business. 

Mr.  Chapman  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  on 
December  14,  1829,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Rachel  Chapman.  "  He  spent  the  years  of  his  minority 
in  his  native  place,  then  in  company  with  two  broth- 
ers, at  the  age  of  nineteen,  came  to  Ogle  county,  Illi- 
nois, settling  in  1850,  and  engaging  in  farming.  He 
was  occupied  there  until  1866,  then  removed  to  Mo- 
nona  county,  Iowa,  taking  a  homestead  of  eighty  acres 
where  his  home  was  until  1882,  when  he  again  re- 
moved, this  tiine  to  Woodbury  county,  taking  up  car- 
pentering, and  in  1884  he  came  to  Idaho,  purchasing 
a  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  four  miles  north 
from  Moscow.  He  also  owns  a  quarter  section  in 
the  Big  Bend  country,  Washington,  and  a  fine  resi- 
dence in  the  northwest  part  of  the  city,  which  is  the 
family  home.  Mr.  Chapman  recently  sold  a  Latah 
county  farm. 

Mr.  Chapman  was  married  in  January,  1854,  in 
Ogle  county,  Illinois ;  the  lady  then  becoming  his  wife 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  Miss  Lydia  A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Theresa 
Herrington,   and  a  native  of  Pennsylvana,  and   they 
have  become  the 
Melvin  L.,  Miles 
died  in  infancy. 

In   1882,  in  Woodbury  county,  Iowa,   Mr.   Chap- 
man married  a  second  time,  Mary  Ann  Thomas  be- 
ming  his  wife  at  that  time. 


.o  of  three  children,  living, — 
id  Theresa  A.;  and  four  who 


g     s  we  a       a      me. 

1861    Mr.    Chapman   enlisted   in   Company   H, 
Forty-sixth    Illinois    Infantry,    under    Captain   'John 


Steven,  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee.  He  fought  at  Fort 
Donelson.  Shiloh,  Pittsburg  Landing,  siege  of  Corinth, 
Vicksburg,  Atlanta  and  many  other  battles  and  skir- 
mishes, until  1864,  and  was  then  honorably  discharged, 
having  made  a  military  record  of  which  his  family 
and  he  may  well  be  proud.  And  it  is  to  such  devoted, 
brave  and  intrepid  men  that  we  owe  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  Union  in  those  dark  days  of  internal  strife. 
Mr.  Chapman  is  a  man  of  excellent  business  ability, 
stanch  character,  untarnished  reputation,  and  is  a  de- 
voted supporter  of  the  faith,  being  a  devout  member 
of  the  Baptist  church.  Now,  in  the  golden  time  of  his 
career,  he  is  retired  from  the  activities  of  business  life, 
superintends  the  estates  from  his  Moscow  residence 
and  quietly  enjoys  the  fruits  of  his  industry  and  thrift, 
being  secure  in  the  good  will,  esteem  and  confidence  of 
his  fellows. 


JOSEPH  RIELLY.  In  the  grand  old  city  of 
Dublin  was  born  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and  amid 
the  beauties  of  the  Emerald  Isle  were  passed  the  days 
of  his  childhood,  1832  being  the  year  of  the  inception 
of  his  career  on  this  earth,  and  his  parents  were  James 
and  Mary  Rielly,  the  father  a  printer,  and  passing 
from  earth's  cares  in  1862,  the  mother  also  dying  in  her 
native  land.  At  the  budding  age  of  twenty  Joseph 
came  to  the  new  world,  settling  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  where  he  wrought  at  the  machinist's  trade  for 
two  years,  after  which,  in  1856,  he  came  to  San  Fran- 
cisco', via  the  Isthmus,  going  thence  to  the  mines  in 
Plnmas  county,  where  he  delved  one  and  one-half 
years  in  the  search  for  gold.  He  returned  to  Rhode 
Island  then,  and  in  1859  was  found  again  in  Cali- 
fornia, whence  he  came  to  Boise,  mining  there  for  a 
time,  also  several  years  were  spent  in  Montana  in  the 
same  work.  In  1879  he  came  to  his  present  place,  one 
and  one-half  miles  north  from  Moscow,  where  he 
homesteaded  a  quarter  section,  and  now  owns  a  fine 
farm  of  two  hundred  and  eighty  acres.  Mr.  Rielly 
gives  his  attention  to  farming,  raising  stock,  raising 
fruit  and  mining,  being  a  man  of  energy  and  fine 
capabilities. 

In  1854  Mr.  Rielly  married  Miss  Lucy  Lyons  in 
Fall  River,  Massachusetts,  and  one  child  graced  the 
happy  union.  In  infancy  the  child  was  taken  by  death, 
and  Mrs.  Rielly,  also,  was  snatched  from  he'r  home 
by  the  monster,  leaving  her  husband  to  mourn  her  sad 
demise.  Mr.  Rielly  has  stood  against  the  storms 
of  a  buffeting  world  for  three  score  and  ten 
years,  manifesting  those  stanch  qualities  of  worth  and 
integrity  that  only  the  brave  and  typical  man  can 


produce,  and  now,  as  the  golden  years  of  a  very  active 
and  adventurous  career  are  drawing  on  apace,  he  main- 
tains the  same  dauntless  spirit  and  faithfulness  toward 
his  fellows,  and  is  justly  entitled  to  the  enjoyment 
of  the  fruits  of  his  worthy  and  ardous  toils,  while  he 
is  esteemed  and  highly  respected  by  all.  Mr.  Rielly 
has  never  displayed  any  desire  for  personal  preferment 
in  the  lines  of  politics,  nor  has  he  allied  himself  with 
any  of  the  religious  denominations  of  the  day.  It  is 
of  note  that  he  trod  the  ground  where  Moscow 
now  stands  in  1866,  when  there  was  not  a  house  be- 
tween Lewiston  and  Spokane  river,  and  from  Spokane 
ferry  to  Bitter  Root  valley  no  civilized  abode  was 
found.  Thus  did  the  pioneer  enter  these  solitudes  of 
nature's  wilds,  and  by  faithful  toil  and  daring  intrepid- 
ity face  the  dangers  and  endure  the  toil  to  pave  the 
way  for  the  settlers  of  later  date.  Much  honor  and 
credit  are  due  such  as  our  subject  for  these  trying 
and  praiseworthy  labors,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
are  enabled  to  incorporate  this  review  in  the  abiding 
history  of  Latah  county. 


GEORGE  W.  TUCKER.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  one  of  the  enterprising  and  progressive  citi- 
zens of  Latah  county,  being  a  leader  in  the  praise- 
worthy labor  of  introducing  fine  stock  into  the  county, 
having  today  one  of  the  finest  Percheron  horses  in  the 
northwest.  Mr.  Tucker  is  also  a  farmer,  and  handles 
to  advantage  his  fertile  farm  three  and  one-half  miles 
southeast  from  Moscow.  His  birth  took  place  in 
Winchester,  Scott  county,  Illinois,  on  December  27, 
1832,  his  parents  being  Thomas  and  Esther  Tucker. 
In  1849,  m  company  with  his  father,  he  made  the 
trip  across  the  plains  to  California  with  ox  teams,  and 
for  two  years  they  were  busied  in  the  search  for  gold. 
In  1851  they  returned  to  the  home  place, -via  water. 
Soon,  however,  we  find  young  Tucker  again  on  the 
plains,  this  time  headed  for  Salem,  Oregon,  where  he 
arrived  in  due  time.  He  soon  was  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany A,  First  Battalion,  Regiment  of  Oregon  Mounted 
Volunteers,  commanded  by  Colonel  Rob  Williams,  and 
he  received  his  honorable  discharge  on  February  6, 
1856,  having  made  a  commendable  record  fighting  the 
Indians  in  the  Rogue  river  war.  He  participated  in 
the  hotly  contested  struggle  at  Hungry  Hill,  and  also 
in  several  skirmishes.  In  1855  ne  located  in  Lane 
county  and  there  engaged  in  farming  «ntil  1878,  when 
a  move  was  made  to  Washington,  whence  in  1886  he 
migrated  to  Idaho,  settling  three  and  one-half  miles 
southeast  from  Moscow,  where  he  resides  at  the  pres- 
ent time,  owning  here  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of 
fine  soil,  which  is  well  improved  and  carefully  tilled. 
Mr.  Tucker  takes  a  great  interest  in  blooded  horses, 


nd  had  s 


?  specin 


3  Poitio 


Jr.,  an  excellent  graded  Percheron,  being  the  finest  in 
the  county.  On  his  farm  Mr.  Tucker  has  three  acres 
of  choice  varieties  of  fruits. 

Mr.  Tucker  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  H..  daugh- 
ter of  Hiram  Lemon,  in  1858,  and  they  became  the 
parents  of  seven  children— Ella,  Mary  H.,  Alice  T., 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Lily  M.,  T.  F.,  H.  Elmer  and  George.  On  June  12, 
1888,  Mr.  Tucker  contracted  a  second  marriage,  the 
lady  of  his  choice  on  this  occasion  being  Airs.  Rebecca 
Wood,  and  the  nuptials  occurred  in  Ritzville,  Adams 
county,  Washington.  Fraternally  Mr.  Tucker  is 
affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Paradise  Lodge,  No. 
17.  He  is  among  the  substantial  and  enterprising 
men  of  the  county,  well  known  and  universally  liked, 
while  his  demeanor  is  such  that  he  has  won  as'friends 
all  who  have  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 


THOMAS  CROWLEY,  deceased,  was  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  of  this  section,  settling  here  long  be- 
fore Latah  county  had  a  separate  existence,  and  labor- 
ing faithfully  during  the  days  of  his  sojourn  for  the 
upbuilding  of  the  country  and  for  general  progress, 
always  manifesting  himself  as  a  good,  loyal  citizen,  and 
man  of  uprightness  and  integrity,  while  his  industry 
and  enterprise  were  patent  to  all,  and  it  is  with  pleas- 
ure that  we  accord  to  his  memory  this  review. 

The  birth  of  Mr.  Crowley  occurred  in  the  Emerald 
Isle,  in  1825,  and  while  still  a  small  boy  he  came  to 
America,  and  for  a  good  many  years  he  traveled  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  country,  visiting  about  every  state  in  the 
Union.  Finally  he  came  to  this  country  and  settled  on 
government  land  three  miles  southeast  from  where  Mos- 
cow now  stands.  He  bent  his  energies  to  opening  up 
a  farm  and  improving  the  same,  and  his  success  is  well 
manifested,  for  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  left  a  fine 
estate  of  four  hundred  and  eighty  acres.  He  settled 
here  first  in  1872,  and  death  called  him  away  in  1889. 
Five  sons  are  living  on  the  place,  the  oldest,  Frank 
Crowley,  being  born  on  January  27,  1876,  and  he  now 
has  charge  of  the  farm,  which  is  operated  by  him  and 
his  brothers,  who  are  William,  James,  Joseph  and  John. 
The  father  was  a  successful  raiser  of  stock,  and  the 
sons  run  a  threshing  outfit,  Frank  having  managed  one 
for  the  last  five  years.  The  estate  is  still  undivided, 
and  the  sons  are  handling  it  together.  The  widow  was 
married  a  second  time,  and  is  now  living  in  Seattle. 
Mr.  Crowley  was  a  man  of  excellent  qualities,  and 
he  wrought  with  a  display  of  skill  and  good  judgment, 
while  his  energy  and  capabilities  in  handling  business 
affairs  was  manifest  to  all.  He  was  well  known  and 
universally  beloved  and  the  day  of  his  death  was  a 
time  of  sincere  and  wide  spread  mourning. 


C.  V.  VANDEWALKER.  Among  the  thrifty 
orchardists  of  Latah  county  must  be  mentioned  the 
enterprising  and  well  known  gentleman  whose  name 
is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  and  who  has  spent  a  num- 
ber of  years  in  laboring  for  the  development  and  ad- 
vancement of  the  county,  while  his  personal  walk  has 
been  commendatory  and  fraught  with  expression  of 
uprightness  and  faithfulness. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Belvedere,  Boone  county, 
Illinois,  being  the  son  of  Tuttle  and  Finetta  Vande- 
walker.  When  this  son  was  twelve  years  of  age  the 


parents  removed  to  Cumberland  county,  Illinois,  and 
there  he  labored  with  his  father  on  the  farm  until  he 
had  reached  the  time  of  his  majority,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Pope  county,  Minnesota,  taking  up  the  oc- 
cupation of  the  agriculturist  for  fourteen  years  in  that 
state.  In  1877  a  move  was  made  by  wagon,  in  four 
months,  to  Dayton,  Washington,  and  freighting  was 
his  labor  until  1880,  when  he  returned  to  Minnesota, 
by  wagon,  whence  three  years  later  he  came  to  Spo- 
kane, Washington,  and  in' 1884  made  his  way  to  Mos- 
cow. Different  labors  were  engaged  in  for  a  decade, 
and  then  Mr.  Vandewalker  purchased  his  ten-acre 
orchard  situated  two  miles  southeast  from  Mosco\\ 
He  has  a  fine  orchard  and  comfortable  buildings,  and 
he  annually  markets  a  nice  quantity  of  fruit. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Vandewalker  and  Miss  Ellen, 
daughter  of  Amos  G.  and  Margaret  F.  Lacey,  was 
solemnized  in  Cumberland  county,  Illinois,  in  1865, 
and  the  children  born  are  as  follows :  L.  Olive,  Car- 
rie B.,  Franklin  P.,  Margaret  F.,  C.  Henry  and  Amos 
G.  Mr.  Vandewalker  is  one  of  the  substantial,  faith- 
ful and  public  minded  citizens  of  our  county,  and  he 
is  well  liked  and  esteemed  by  all. 


GEORGE  M.  BOOTH,  D.  D.,  is  the  pastor  of 
the  M.  E.  church  at  Moscow,  Idaho,  and  is  a  man  of 
sterling  qualities  of  worth  and. integrity,  having  labored 
in  the  vineyard  for  many  years,  preparing  himself 
when  still  a  youth  for  this  responsible  and  praiseworthy 
calling,  and  it  may  be  said  that  now,  as  the  zenith  of 
life's  walk  is  drawing  nigh,  that  he  is  a  man  who  has 
achieved  success  in  the  real  meaning  of  the  word,  and 
a  retrospective  investigation  but  presages  a  line  of 
accomplishment  with  riper  years  and  more  mature 
talent  from  rich  experiences  and  constant  mental  ac- 
tivity that  will  be  a  fitting  crowning  to  a  useful  and 
highly  commendable  life. 

George  M.  Booth  was  born  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
on  January  2,  1852.  being  the  son  of  Robert  and  Mary 
Booth,  both  stilf  living  at  Grants  Pass,  Oregon.  The 
father  was  a  Methodist  preacher  for  fifty  years,  doing 
noble  and  faithful  service  in  the  ripening  fields  where 
his  labor  was  bestowed.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
England  and  came  to  this  country  in  1830.  The 
mother  was  a  native  of  Indiana.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Wilbur  Academy,  at  Wilbur,  Douglas 
county,  Oregon,  attending  college  also  for  three  years 
at  Ashland,  in  the  same  state.  1873  was  tne  vear  *n 
which  he  retired  from  the  collegiate  course,  and  in 
1882  he  began  his  life's  work  by  preaching  the  gospel, 
the  inception  labors  being  at  Waldron,  Oregon,  where 
three  years  were  spent.  Two  years  were  consumed  in 
proclaiming  the  message  at  Columbus,  Washington, 
and  then  he  stepped  aside  for  a  time  from  the  direct 
preaching  of  the  gospel  to  accept  the  presiding  elder- 
ship of  the  Columbia  district,  wherein  he  was  retained 
for  nine  consecutive  years,  closing  his  services  in  that 
line  in  1896,  and  then  removing  to  Moscow,  where  he 
has  been  since  as  pastor  of  the  church  of  his  denomina- 
tion. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


745 


The  marriage  of  Mr.  Booth  and  Miss  Clara  E. 
Staats  was  celebrated  on  January  3,  1878,  and  they 
have  become  the  parents  of  the  following  children : 

't  Daisy,  in  the  university;  Winifred,  teaching  at  Ken- 

':  drick;  Augusta,  Wilford  and  Warren,  the  last  three 
attending  school  also.  Mrs.  Booth  was  educated  in  the 
Willamette  University,  Oregon.  Her  father,  Hon. 
•Stephen  Staats,  came  to  Oregon  in  1847,  and  was  twice 
state  senator  from  Polk  county,  in  that  state,  also  rep- 
resented the  county  several  times  in  the  lower  house, 
serving  later  as  county  judge.  Mr.  Booth  has  had 

I  the  title  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  conferred  upon  him, 
through  meritorious  labors  and  manifestation  of  ex- 
cellent ability,  and  he  has  displayed  commendable  zeal 
and  energy  in  the  cause,  being  a  man  of  fine  address 
and  talent  and  taking  a  firm  hold  on  the  hearts  of  his 
people,  with  whom,  as  with  all,  he  is  very  popular. 
Mr.  Booth  has  been  twice  elected  to  represent  his  con- 
ference at  the  general  conference,  and  by  the  latter 

'  body  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Book  Committee, 
where  fourteen  constituted  the  bodv  of  the  committee. 


HON.  JOHN  S.  RANDOLPH.  The  subject  of 
this  article  is  well  known  throughout  the  entire  coun- 
ty of  Latah,  being  one  of  the  most  influential  men 
and  prominent  citizens  of  the  county,  while  in  his  busi- 
ness enterprise  of  farming  and  fruit  raising  he  has 
f  won  commendable  success,  being  personally  a  man  of 
attractive  and  upright  characteristics,  having  main- 
tained an  unsullied  reputation  and  has  done  much 
for  the  advancement  of  the  county's  interests. 

John  S.  was  born  in  Bloomington,  McLean  county, 
Illinois,  on  June  15,  1832,  being  the  son  of  Gardner 
and  Betsey  Randolph.  '  The  father  was  a  farmer  in 
that  vicinity  and  the  son  remained  with  him  until  the 
age  of  twenty-nine  had  been  reached,  when  he  started 
for  himself  in  the  battle  of  life.  He  had  been  fortified 
by  a  good  education  in  the  district  school,  which  was 
finished  by  a  course  in  the  Wesleyan  University  at 
Bloomington.  In  1861  he  removed  to  Riley  county, 
Kansas,  where  he  was  numbered  with  the  prosperous 
agriculturists  until  1875.  Then  a  move  was  made 
to  California,  and  after  two  years  of  farming  there 
he  went  thence  to  Oregon  and  farmed  for  a  time,  and  in 
1880  he  came  to  Latah  county.  He  purchased  a  farm 
twenty-five  miles  north  from  Moscow,  and  to  the  culti- 
vation and  improvement  of  this  he  devoted  his  atten- 
tion, except  during  the  time  from  1894  to  1898,  in 
which  years  he  was  representing  his  county  in  the  state 
legislature,  being  called,  as  was  the  noted  Roman  of 
old,  from  the  plow  to  the  halls  of  legislation.  And 
it  is  to  be  said  to  the  credit  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  that,  as  the  Roman  did,  so  did  he,  standing 
there,  as  in  all  his  life,  for  the  principles  of  right  and 
progress  and  upbuilding  of  the  country.  Also  in 
Kansas  he  had  been  probate  judge.  After  this  extend- 
ed service  in  the  legislature  Mr.  Randolph  purchased 
his  present  place  of  forty  acres,  two  miles  southeast 
from  Moscow,  where  he  resides,  having  an  ideal  home. 
Politically  he  is  identified  with  the  Populists,  and  in 


fraternal  affiliations  he  has  been  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
In  religious  persuasion  Mr.  Randolph  is  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  church,  South. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Randolph  and  Miss  Mary 
Ann,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  Tate,  farmers  of 
Nebraska,  was  celebrated  in  Perin,  Nebraska,  in  1861, 
and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  the  following  chil- 
dren: Joshua  A.,  Belle,  Lily,  Edith,  Ora,  Britton  W. 

Mr.  Randolph  was  in  the  legislature  during  the 
most  terrible  panic  that  has  swept  the  western  country. 
He  introduced  a  bill  to  lower  the  freight  and  passenger 
rates  in  the  state,  as  well  as  introducing  many  others 
for  the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  the  people. 
Mr.  Randolph  has  the  distinction  of  having  been  a 
member  of  the  convention  in  Kansas  which  formed 
the  La  Compton  constitution. 


RAY  WOODWORTH  is  one  of  the  thrifty  and 
enterprising  agriculturists  of  Latah  county,  having 
a  valuable  piece  of  land  one-half  mile  east  from  Mos- 
cow, where  his  commodious  and  elegant  residence 
forms  the  family  home,  whence  also  he  directs  the  im- 
provements and  culture  of  his  land.  Mr.  Woodworth 
was  born  in  Williams  county,  Ohio,  on  December  19, 
1836,  being  the  son  of  Josiah  and  Mariah  Woodworth. 
There  he  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and  from 
the  age  of  seventeen  to  twenty-three  he  was  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  potash.  Following  this  period 
he  migrated  to  Pikes  Peak,  the  Mecca  of  that  time, 
crossing  the  plains  in  1859  with  ox  teams.  From 
that  date  until  1863  he  was  taken  up  with  mining  and 
freighting,  then  he  went  to  Virginia  City,  Montana, 
and  engaged  in  stock  raising.  He  also  built  a  flour 
mill  nine  miles  from  where  Bozeman  is  now  situated, 
which  he  sold  later,  and  then  went  to  Wyoming,  with 
a  large  herd  of  cattle,  selling  them  at  camp  Brown. 
1878  marks  the  date  of  his  advent  into  this  section, 
his  first  settlement  being  at  Genesee,  then,  afterward, 
he  operated  a  general  merchandise  establishment  at 
Uniontown,  Washington,  following  which  he  went  to 
farming  on  a  large  scale  on  the  Snake  river,  where 
also  he  built  a  flouring  mill  worth  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars, which  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Then  he  came  to 
Moscow,  the  year  being  1897,  and  purchased  the  farm 
where  he  now  resides,  'and  since  then  he  has  given  his 
attention  to  general  farming  and  fruit  raising. 

The  first  marriage  of  Mr.  Woodworth  occurred  in 
Bryan,  Ohio,  on  February  27,  1867,  the  lady  then  be- 
coming his  wife  being  Miss  Martha  Snydcr,  daughter 
of  Samuel  Snyder.  Two  children  were  born  to  them, 
— Jay,  who  was  county  auditor  here  for  four  years 
and  is  now  deputy  auditor  at  Wallace,  this  state;  and 
Grace,  teaching  school  in  Spokane. 

On  February  14,  1881,  Mr.  Woodworth  contracted 
a  second  marriage,  the  lady  of  his  choice  on  this  oc- 
casion being  Arphema  Starr,  and  the  nuptials  being 
celebrated  at  Bryan,  Ohio.  Two  children  have  been 
the  fruit  of  this  union  — Aland,  teaching  school ;  and 
Roy,  attending  school  in  Moscow.  Mr.  Woodworth 


746 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Lodge  No.  5.  He 
is  a  man  who  has  the  confidence  of  his  fellows,  has 
made  a  good  record  in  the  years  of  his  active  life,  has 
gained  success  and  has  conducted  his  business  enter- 
prises with  commendable  wisdom,  while  his  personal 
walk  has  been  such  as  to  manifest  the  public  spirit  and 
integrity  that  are  happy  characteristics  of  his  per- 
sonality'. 


EDWARD  L.  BURKE.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  have 
the  privilege  to  incorporate  in  the  history  of  Latah 
county  the  life's  record  of  the  gentleman  whose  name 
is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  since  he  is  one  of  the 
noble  men  who  fought  for  the  flag  in  the  days  of  re- 
bellion's woe,  and  since  he  has  shown  himself  a  worthy 
citizen  of  a  grand  nation  that  he  assisted  to  establish 
secure  for  years  to  come. 

Edward  L.  was  born  on  June  30,  1848,  in  Adams 
county,  Illinois,  near  the  town  of  Quincy,  being  the 
son  of  Hiram  and  Rebecca  Burke.  His"  father  was 
a  farmer  and  he  remained  at  home  on  the  farm  and  in 
the  pursuit  of  knowledge  until  February,  1865,  when 
he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
eighth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  under  Captain 
Welsh,  and  served  until  after  the  close  of  hostilities, 
in  1865.  He  did  duty  in  Tennessee,  but  was  not  in 
any  heavy  battle.  Subsequent  to  the  close  of  the  war 
he  returned  to  Ouincy  and  there  engaged  in  farming 
until  1879..  at  which  time  he  migrated  to  Walla  Walla, 
and  thence  a  short  time  afterward  to  Lewiston,  Idaho. 
In  the  vicinity  of  that  city  he  was  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising  for  fifteen  years,  then  removed 
to  Moscow  in  1896.  In  this  city  he  selected  a  residence 
in  the  western  part,  purchased  it,  together  with  ten 
acres  of  orchard  and  five  of  garden,  and  here  he  resides 
at  the  present  time.  He  devotes  himself  to  market 
gardening  and  the  duties  of  the  orchardist,  having 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Burke  and  Miss  Laura  B., 
daughter  of  Benjamin  T.  Nelson,  a  farmer  near  Quin- 
cy, was  celebrated  on  December  5,  1867.  The  fol- 
lowing children  have  been  born  to  this  happy  union: 
Cora  E.,  wife  of  David  Stevens,  living  in  Lewiston; 
Lawrence,  at  home;  John  T.,  civil  engineer;  Daisy, 
wife  of  Toseph  Knudson,  a?ent  of  the  Hazelwood  dairy 
in  Portland;  Edward  A.  f  Ralph  E.  Mr.  Burke  is  a 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Major  Anderson  Post,  No. 
5.  He  is  a  man  of  commendable  energy  and  wisdom, 
having  conducted  himself  in  a  loyal  and  patriotic 
manner,  and  demonstrated  the  ability  with  which  he 
is  happily  possessed  in  good  endeavors  in  the  business 
world. 


WILLIAM  C.  LAUDER.  The  representative 
and  well  known  citizen  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of 
this  article  is  one  of  Moscow's  leading  builders  and 
stone  contractors,  being  a  man  of  great  experience  and 
skill  in  this  line  of  business,  while  personally  he  is 
marked  by  a  public  spirit  and  a  progressiveness  that 
have  done  much  for  the  upbuilding  of  Latah  county. 


The  birth  of  William  C.  Lander  occurred  in  Hor- 
nellsville,  Steuben  county,  New  York,  on  November 
n,  1855,  he  being  the  son  of  William  and  Mary  Laud- 
er.  The  father  was  a  lumberman  and  farmer. '  When 
the  son  had  arrived  at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  went  with 
his  father  to  Readsville,  North  Carolina,  and  there 
assisted  the  latter  in  the  culture  and  manufacture  of 
tobacco,  remaining  engrdssed  in  that  industry  until  • 
1 88 1.  Then  he  came  west  and  went  to  work  "for  the 
O.  R.  &  N.  Company  as  superintendent  on  the  grade, 
remaining  in  that  capacity  until  1883.  Two  years 
later  he  "superintended  the  putting  in  of  the  entire 
road  from  Old  Mission  to  Wardner,  Idaho,  the  same 
being  the  first  railroad  in  that  section  and  made  for  the 
Coenr  d'Alene  Railway  &  Navigation  Company. 
From  this  he  retired  to  Colfax,  Washington,  and  en- 
brick  until  1802,  which  is  the  date  of  his  advent  to 
Moscow.  He  does  a  general  contracting  and  building 

While  in  North  Carolina  Mr.  Lander  served  in  the 
United  States  revenue  force.  He  is  affiliated  with 
the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Moscow  Lodge,  No.  13,  also  with 
the  Mox  Mox  Tribe.  No.  7,  of  Redmen. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Lander  and  Miss  Emma 
Briggs,  a  native  of  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  solemnized  on  December  25,"  18/6,  and 
they  have  one  child,  Margaret,  now  attending  the 
University  of  Idaho.  Mrs.  Lauder's  parents,  Abner 
and  Ann  Briggs,  were  farmers  of  her  native  county. 
Mr.  Lauder  is  an  enterprising  and  industrious  man, 
with  excellent  executive  force  and  marked  by  his  keen 
foresight  and  good  judgment,  while  his  bus'iness  suc- 
cess stamps  him  a  wise  and  capable  man,  and  he  is 
entitled  to  and  freely  receives  the  respect  and  con- 
fidence of  his  fellows! 


BAYARD  T.  BYRNS.  Any  compilation  pur- 
porting to  g$ve  the  history  of  Latah  county  and  men- 
tion of  its  leading  citizens  would  be  open  to  serious 
criticism  were  there  failure  to  incorporate  within  its 
pages  a  summary  of  the  career  of  the  representative 
business  man  and  capable  citizen  whose  name  appears 
above,  and  who  has  done  much  for  the  advancement  of 
the  interests  of  the  county,  both  in  financial  matters  as 
well  as  in  introducing  excellent  breeds  of  stock  and 
many  kinds  of  tame  grasses  for  pasturage  and  mea- 
dows, and  it  is  without  hesitation  that  we  proclaim 
that  to  Mr.  Byrns  very  much  credit  is  due  for  his 
untiring  nnd  wise  efforts  in  these  lines  mentioned. 

Bayard  T.  was  born  in  Allegany  county,  New 
York,  on  June  9,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Dr/W.  and 
Priscilla  Byrne.  While  he  was  still  an  infant  the  fam- 
ily removed  to  Bronson,  Branch  county,  Michigan, 
where  he  resided  unti!  he  was  twenty-six  years  of  age, 
receiving  his  elemental  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  then  attending  the  Freewill  Baptist  Col- 
lege at  Hillsdalc,  and  spending  some  time  in  the  Bap- 
tist college  at  Kalamazoo.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
Mr.  Byrns  had  the  distinction  of  operating  a  seven- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


hundred-acre  farm,  doing  the  same  with  credit  to  him- 
self. At  the  age  of  twenty-six  he  went  to  Oswego, 
Kansas,  purchasing  a  large  tract  of  land  and  devoting 
himself  to  raising  and  shipping  cattle.  He  was  soon 
engaged  in  the  loaning  business,  in  company  with  the 
Neosha  Yallay  Investment  Company,  in  Chetopa,  and 
later  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Winton  &  Diming  Loan- 
ing Company,  which  afterward  reorganized  into  the 
Diming  Investment  Company,  at  Oswego,  Kansas. 
In  1889  he  came  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  for  this 
ompany,  placing  farm  mortgage  loans.  In  1891  the 
teffice  was  removed  to  Colfax,  and  in  1897  he  left  the 
company  and  engaged  in  the  same  line  for  himself, 
locating  in  Moscow.  At  the  present  time  he  owns 
jjabout  two  thousand  acres  of  good  land  in  Latah,  Whit- 
man and  Spokane  counties.  In  addition  he  has  a 
Barm  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  one  and  one-half 
Iniles  south  from  Moscow,  known  as  the  Meadow- 
Jbrook  stock  farm,  where  he  pays  especial  attention 
to  handling  thoroughbred  Shorthorn  cattle,  and  breed- 
Ing  the  same,  also  handling  Berkshire  and  Poland- 
China  hogs.  He  has  about  two  hundred  fine  cattle, 
twenty-five  head  registered,  and  he  constantly  keeps 
excellent  animals  for  sale.  Mr.  Byrns  pays  much 
attention  to  the  culture  and  introduction  of  grasses 
adapted  to  the  climate,  and  great  good  has  resulted 
[from  his  efforts  in  both  of  these  lines.  In  addition  to 
all  this  enterprising  agricultural  and  stock  raising 
labor,  Mr.  Byrns  finds  time  to  conduct  a  loaning  busi- 
ness under  the  firm  name  of  Bayard  T.  Byrns  &  Com- 
pany, the  offices  being  located  in  Moscow,  and  he  does 
an  extensive  business,  being  one  of  the  leading  finan- 
ciers of  the  county  and  in  fact  of  the  entire  state. 
Mr.  Byrns  is  a  progressive  and  public  minded  citizen 
and  has  manifested  marked  energy  and  intelligence  in 
cuting  successfully  the  various  enterprises  which 
come  to  his  hand,  and  he  has  always  maintained 
a  leading  position  in  these  lines,  accomplishing  much 
for  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  the  county  and 
of  his  fellows.  In  political  matters  he  is  a  Republican, 
and  in  1899  he  was  the  popular  choice  of  the  people  for 
of  'the  city  of  Moscow,  no  one  taking  the  field 
against  him. 


i;:;. 


Ocobe 


Chautauqua  county,  N 
r   10,    1895.   Mr.   Byrns 


rried   Mi 


Har 


daughter  of  Mortimer  and  Genevra  Ely,  and  a  native 
[of  New  York,  and  two  children  have  been  born  to 


O.  BEARDSLEY.  This  gentleman  is  one  of  the 
heavy  land  owners  of  Latah  county  and  has  been  an 
influential  citizen  in  the  advancement  of  the  county's 

:rests,  while  his  own  business  enterprises  have  been 
conducted  with  admirable  sagacity  and  practical  judg- 

it  with  the  certain  result  of  a  good  success  in  finan- 
cial affairs.  Mr.  Beardsley  was  born  in  Genesee 
amty,  New  York,  being  the  son  of  A.  W.  and  Mary 
Beardsley.  and  the  date  of  his  birth  was  January  15, 
1826.  While  a  small  child  his  parents  removed  to 


Crystal  Lake,  Illinois,  where  his  childhood  days  were 
passed  and  he  acquired  the  education  that  fortified  him 
for  the  battles  of  life.  In  1848  he  settled  on  a  farm 
in  McHenry  county,  Illinois,  in  the  vicinity  of  Crystal 
Lake,  the  town  where  his  father  did  business  as  a  gen- 
eral merchant,  and  to  the  occupation  of  general  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising  he  devoted  his  entire  energies 
with  the  brilliant  success  that  was  to  be  gained  from  the 
fertile  soil  of  Illinois  prairie.  The  labor  continued 
steadily  until  1882,  when  Mr.  Beardsley  determined  to 
view  the  west  for  himself,  and  accordingly  he  sold 
his  property  and  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Moscow,  and 
he  purchased  a  farm.  One  year  was  spent  in  the  labor 
of  farming  and  then  he  rented  this  property  and  re- 
moved to  town  to  live,  building  a  fine,  commodious 
residence,  which  is  occupied  as  the  family  home  at 
the  present  time.  Mr.  Beardsley  showed  his  keen  fore- 
sight, and  confidence  in  the  future  of  Latah  county 
by  purchasing  different  farms  in  the  county,  until 

During  the  interim  from  1888  to  1896  he  was  engaged 
in  buying  wheat,  but  of  late  years  he  has  retired  from 
the  activities  of  this  business  and  superintends  his 
farms  and  gives  his  days  to  the  enjoyment  of  the  com- 
petence that  his  wisdom,  thrift  and  enterprise  have 
accumulated. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Beardsley  and  Miss  Lucinda, 
daughter  of  William  and  Julia  Jackman,  was  cele- 
brated in  McHenry  county,  Illinois,  on  March  16, 
1848,  and  three  children  have  been  born  to  them, — 
Ella  G...  deceased,  having  been  the  wife  of  H.  L. 
Coats,  who  came  to  this  county  with  Mr.  Beardsley ; 
Flora,  wife  of  Albert  Dygert ;  O.  W.,  married  to  Miss 
Phoebe  Estes.  Mrs.  Beardsley's  parents  were  natives 
of  New  York.  Mr.  Beardsley  has  been  a  member  of 

1901,  and  in  all  his  public  service,  as  in  his  private 
walk,  he  has  been  characterized  by  uprightness,  integ- 
rity and  enterprise,  while  he  has  displayed  praise- 
worthy ability  and  has  been  dominated  by  sound  prin- 
ciples; and  now,  as  the  golden  years  of  a  well  spent 
life  begin  to  dawn,  he  is  secure  in  the  esteem  and  con- 
fidence of  his  fellows  and  may  be  cheered  by  the  mem- 
ory of  well  spent  days  of  labor  and  faithfulness. 


LOUIS  P.  SCHUH.  In  the  industrial  and  busi- 
ness world  of  Latah  county  the  gentleman  whose  name 
initiates  this  paragraph  exerts  a  potent  influence,  be- 
ing well  known  and  capable,  and  a  master  in  the  art 
of  building,  while  also  he  does  a  general  contracting 
business  and  moves  buildings. 

Louis  P.  Schuh  was  born  in  Knox  county,  near 
Galesburg,  Illinois,  on  January  25,  1849,  being  the 
son  of  Eberhart  and  Eveline  Schuh.  When  a  child 
of  four  years  he  was  brought  across  the  plains  in  an  ox 
train  by  his  parents,  who  settled  near  Vancouver, 
Washington.  He  passed  his  childhood  days  there,  on 
a  large  farm,  acquiring  a  good  education,  and  also 
learning  the  trade  of  the  carpenter  and  builder.  1871 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


marks  the  date  when  he  removed  to  Oregon,  locating  at 
Pilot  Rock,  in  Umatilla  county,  and  there  he  wrought 
at  his  trade  and  also  engaged  in  stock  raising,  until 
1881.  At  that  date  he  removed  to  Moscow,  Idaho, 
locating  permanently  there.  He  erected  a  fine  resi- 
dence in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city  and  this  elegant 
dwelling  continues  to  be  the  family  home.  Mr.  Schuh 
has  been  active  in  carpenter  work  and  general  contract- 
ing and  house  moving,  displaying  a  master  ability  in  it 
all  and  carefully  conserving  the  interests  of  his  patrons, 
until  he  now  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the 
entire  community  and  is  a  leader  in  his  line  of  busmess. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Schuh  occurred  in  Pilot  Rock, 
Oregon,  in  1874,  Miss  Martha  J.,  daughter  of  William 
and  Martha  Looney,  becoming  his  wife  at  that  time. 
The  fruits  of  this  union  is  as  follows:  Charles  E., 
Ira  D.,  Elsie,  Orlin  M.,  Elda  E.,  Louis  P.  and  three 
infants  who  died.  Mrs.  Schuh's  parents  were  stock 
raisers  in  Umatilla  county.  Mr.  Schuh  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  church  and  has  been  for  twenty  years. 
He  is  a  man  of  broad  public  spirit,  ever  in  the  lead  for 
progress,  and  enterprising  in  the  development  of  the 
interests  of  the  county,  while  his  personal  walk  has 
been  such  that  he  enjoys  an  unsullied  reputation  and 
the  good  will  and  admiration  of  all. 

During  the  Indian  scare  of  1878  Mrs.  Schuh  went 
to  Walla  Walla,  and  in  that  war  Mr.  Schuh  served 
under  General  Howard.  He  participated  in  the  fight 
at  Birch  creek,  but  General  Howard's  command  was 
one  day  too  late  to  take  part  in  the  Cold  Springs  fight. 


CHARLES  B.  HOLT.  Mention  should  be  made 
of  this  active  and  well  known  business  man  among 
the  representative  men  of  Latah  county,  being  now 
actively  engaged  in  the  butchering  business  on  one  of 
the  principal  streets  of  Moscow,  where  he  does  a  fine 
business  in  partnership  with  his  sons-in-law. 

Charles  B.  Holt  was  born  in  Wilton,  New  Hamp- 
shire, on  February  28,  1839,  his  parents  being  Nathan- 
iel and  Sarah  Holt,  both  dying  before  he  was  eight 
years  of  age.  Following  this  sad  event  he  went  to 
live  with  his  uncle,  who  operated  a  butcher  shop  in 
Chelmford,  Massachusetts.  There  he  learned  the 
trade  of  the  butcher  and  followed  it  there  and  in 
Brighton  and  in  Boston,  remaining  with  one  employer 
for  five  years.  It  was  in  1866  that  he  came  west,  stop- 
ping first  in  Springfield,  Ohio,  whence  one  year  later 
he  migrated  to  Chippewa  Falls,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
remained  engaged  at  his  trade  until  1877.  This  year 
marks  the  date  of  his  crossing  the  plains,  and  for  one 
year  he  was  occupied  with  ranching  in  Wyoming; 
then  he  pressed  forward  to  Washington,  taking 
government  land  in  Whitman  county,  about  ten  miles 
west  from  Moscow,  which  he  owns  at  the  present 
time.  He  gave  attention  to  raising  grain  and 
stock,  also  operated  a  butcher  wagon  in  the  ad- 
joining country,  selling  meat,  which  continued 
until  1884,  when  he  removed  to  Moscow  and 
opened  a  butcher  shop.  He  has  taken  into  the  busi- 
ness Mr.  George  Gushing  and  Mr.  Chris  Hagen,  his 


sons-in-law,  and  together  they  operate  a  fine  market, 
doing  a  general  market  business  and  enjoying  a  good 
trade.  Mr.  Holt  still  owns  and  superintends  his  farm. 
He, is  a  member  of  the  Pinery  Lodge,  Chippewa  Falls, 
Wisconsin,  also  of  the  Star  of  Rebekah,  Lodge  No.j 
15,  of  Moscow. 

Mr.  Holt  married  Jennie  Pike,  a  native  of  Massa-  | 
chusetts,  in  1865,  the  nuptials  occurring  in  Manchester, 
New  Hampshire,  and  to  them  have  been  born  ones 
daughter,— Hattie,  wife  of  Chris  Hagen.  Phenia,  wife  ; 
of  George  Gushing,  is  a  step-daughter.  Mr.  Holt  is| 
one  of  the  substantial  and  prominent  men  of  the  city '., 
and  county  and  has  wrought  here  with  energy  and 
faithfulness  and  is  justly  entitled  to  the  confidence  of  • 
the  people,  which  he  enjoys  in  a  generous  measure,  and 
he  can  truly  be  called  one  of  the  builders  of  the  county, 
for  he  has  done  much  for  the  general  advancement  and 


CHARLES  W.  PALMER.  As  an  orchardist,  a 
stockman  and  as  an  agriculturist  the  subject  of  this 
article  has  won  distinction  in  Latah  county,  and  is  to-  j 
day  numbered  among  the  leading  men  of  the  county, 
having  manifested  during  all  the  long  years  in  which  he  ' 
has  labored  here  a  high  order  of  ability  and  an  un- 
swerving integrity  and  uprightness  that  have  given  him 
an  enviable  prestige  among  the  citizens. 

Mr.  Palmer  was  born  in  South  Bend,  Indiana,  on 
May    19,    1838,   being  the  son  of  Asher  and   Nancy 
Palmer.      His  early  life  was  spent  on  the  farm  and  in  j 
the  district  schools'  he  received  his  education.      At  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Fillmore 
county.  Minnesota,  and  in  that  section  he  engaged  in 
farming  until  1871,  then  removed  to  Nebraska,  where 
the  ensuing  two  years   were  spent,   and   in    1873   he  ' 
made  his  way  to  the  west,  settling  eight  miles  north 
from  Moscow,  taking  government  land,  where  he  now  : 
owns  a  fine  farm  of  five  hundred  and  fifty  acres.    Upon  J 
this  farm  Mr.  Palmer  has  the  largest  orchard  of  Latah 
county,  it  covering  fifty  acres.      He  has  manifested 
commendable  skill   in  handling  this  large  enterprise, 
and  deserves  great  credit  for  the  benefit  it  has  brought 
to  his  county.      In  addition  to  this  he  has  done  a  gen-  •. 
eral  farming  business,  and  has  also  paid  attention  to  t 
raising  horses,   for  the  last  twenty  years,  having  in 
1898  three  thousand  head,  but  now  he  has  sold  until 
he  owns  four  hundred.     Mr.  Palmer  is  living  in  Mos- 
cow, and  from  that  point  he  superintends  his  estate  : 
and  enterprises. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.   Palmer  and  Miss  Eliza  J.  i 
Martin  was  solemnized  in  Fillmore,  Fillmore  county,  ', 
Minnesota,  in  1859,  and  three  children  were  born  to  ;, 
them,— Charles,  Alice  and  Minnie,  all  living  in  Wsah- 
ington.       In    1898   Mr.    Palmer   contracted   a   second  j 
marriage :  the  lady  of  his  choice  at  this  time  was  Mrs. 
Lotta  Phillipps,  of  Moscow.      Mr.  Palmer  is  affiliated 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  31,  Star  of  Rebekah, 
No.  15,  and  with  the  G.  A.  R.,  Major  Anderson  Post, 
No.   5.      He  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  and  holds  a  ; 
prominent  place  in  the  business  realm  of  the  county, 
and  by  real  merit  and  faithfulness  he  has  merited  thii 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


position,  and  holds  the  same  in  a  becoming  manner, 
while  he  enjoys  the  confidence  of  all. 

Mr.  Palmer  was  in  the  First  Minnesota  Cavalry 
for  fourteen  months,  and  then  in  the  engineer  corps  for 
two  years.  He  assisted  to  repel  the  Sioux  Indians, 
under  General  Sibley,  and  in  all  this  service  he  was 
the  faithful  soldier  and  the  true  man. 


GEORGE  W.  WOLFE.  One  of  the  highly  es- 
teemed and  influential  citizens  of  Latah  county,  and 
a  prosperous  tiller  of  the  soil  whose  life  has  been 
maVked  with  manifestation  both  of  energy  and  capabil- 
ity is  named  at  the  head  of  this  article,  and  it  is  with 
pleasure  that  we  accord  to  him  a  representation  in 
the  history  of  his  county. 

George  W.  Wolfe  was  born  March  11,  1853,  in 
Peoria  county,  near  Galesburg,  Illinois,  being  the  son 
of  John  and 'Nancy  Wolfe.  When  he  was  an  infant 
of  two  years  his  father  was  taken  away  by  death,  and 
when  he  was  seven  years  of  age  his  mother  took  him, 
with  the  balance  of  the  family,  to  Kansas,  settling  in 

>  Brown  county,  where  he  spent  the  time  until  he  was 
twenty-two  years  of  age,  having  acquired  an  education 
-from  'the  public  schools  and  giving  his  time  to  farm- 
ing in  addition.  In  1875  he  fitted  conveyances  and 
crossed  the  plains  with  the  old  "prairie  schooners," 
spending  the  first  winter  in  Walla  Walla.  Following 

|  this  he  located  in  Whitman  county  and  devoted  his 
attention  to  farming  for  twelve  years,  meeting  with 
good  success.  He  still  owns  this  estate,  comprising 
six  hundred  and  eighty  acres.  It  was  in  1888  that 

*-he  came  to  Moscow,  and  here  he  has  since  lived,  super- 
intending his  farms  from  this  point. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Wolfe  and  Miss  Amanda, 
daughter  of  Calvin  and  Nancy  Brown,  pioneer  farmers 

:  of  Whitman  county,  was  celebrated  on  January  6, 
1878,  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren,—Guy  W.,  Bertha  and  Mable.  Fraternally  Mr. 

I  Wolfe  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No. 
31,  being  at  the  present  time  one  of  the  grand  officers 
of  the  state  of  Idaho ;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  W. 
of  W.,  Lodge  No.  228,  holding  the  office  of  council 
commander  of  that  order.  Mr.  Wolfe  was  one  of  the 

jf  very  few  men  who  remained  at  home  on  the  farm  dur- 
ing the  raid  of  the  Indians  at  Camas  prairie,  the  bulk 
of  the  settlers  being  huddled  into  the  fortifications  at 
Moscow  and  other  points.  He  escaped  unharmed  and 
quietly  attended  to  the  interests  of  the  farm  until  the 
trouble  had  ceased.  He  is  a  man  of  excellent  capa- 
bilities, and  has  managed  his  business  affairs  with  such 
discretion  and  industry  that  he  is  the  possessor  of  a 
handsome  competence  and  is  one  of  the  potent  factors 
of  the  countv. 


DONALD  McKENZIE.  Among  the  business 
men  of  Moscow  there  should  not  be  failure  to  men- 
tion the  gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  para- 
graph, and  who  has  wrought  in  Latah  county  since  its 
•organization  and  even  before,  manifesting  an  energy 


and  industry  with  excellent  capabilities  that  have  com- 
mended him  to  all,  while  he  has  carried  on  his  busi- 
ness of  farming  and  later  of  draying  in  a  manner 
that  betokens  good  management  and  sagacity,  which 
have  given  to  him  the  rewards  attendant  upon  faithful 
and  well  directed  labor. 

We  have  to  revert  to  Stark  county,  Illinois,  to  find 
the  birthplace  of  our  subject;  the  date  of  his  advent 
into  life  there  was  July  10,  1859,  he  being  the  son  of 
William  and  Elizabeth  McKenzie.  They  crossed  the 
dreary  plains  in  1863,  using  ox  teams  for  conveyance 
and  settling  first  in  the  Grande  Ronde  valley,  where 
they  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  1871,  when 
another  removal  was  made,  to  the  territory  now  em- 
braced in  Latah  county.  They  took  government  land 
two  miles  south  from  Moscow  and  there  gave  atten- 
tion to  farming  and  raising  stock,  being  attended  with 
good  success.  In  1885  the  father  was  called  away 
by  death,  and  then  the  mother  lived  with  her  son  until 
1901,  when  she,  too,  received  the  summons  to  depart 
this  life.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  in  the  various  places  where  he  lived,  and  also 
gave  attention  to  assisting  on  the  farm  until  he  arrived 
at  manhood's  estate,  then  took  up  the  occupation  for 
himself.  He  remained  on  the  farm  during  the  sum- 
mer months  and  then  repaired  to  Moscow  in  the  winter, 
where  he  did  draying.  During  the  years  of  1894-95 
he  was  night  marshal  of  the  city,  and  in  1898  he  sold 
his  interests  on  the  farm  to  his  brother  and  removed 
permanently  to  the  town  of  Moscow.  He  took  up 
draying  and  transportation  and  does  a  good  business, 
being  favored  with  the  patronage  of  many.  He  has 
fine  equipment  for  his  business  and  handles  it  with 
becoming  energy  and  wisdom. 

On  February  14,  1881,  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Mc- 
Kenzie and  Miss  Mary  L.,  daughter  of  Samuel  J.  and 
Mary  L.  Langdon,  whose  life's  history  is  given  in 
another  portion  of  this  volume,  was  celebrated,  and 
they  became  the  parents  of  three  children, — Daisy, 
Hollis  and  Alta  May.  Mr.  McKenzie  is  a  member 
of  the  Modern  Woodmen  of  America,  and  he  is  highly- 
esteemed  in  this  relation,  as  in  all  the  walks  of  life', 
being  a  man  of  integrity  and  real  worth,  which  have 
won  the  confidence  of  all. 


DAVID  URQUHART.  This  capable  and  lead- 
ing business  man  of  Moscow  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  the  pursuit  of  business  in  various  channels  here  for 
a  number  of  years,  and  is  now  the  owner  and  manager 
of  the  Moscow  brick  yards,  where  he  manufactures 
an  excellent  quality  of  brick  and  is  doing  a  good  busi- 
ness, besides  which  he  owns  much  other  property, 
which  he  manages  in  addition  to  this  enterprise.  Mr. 
Urquhart  is  one  of  the  men  of  ability  and  energy  who 
are  blessed  with  a  talent  of  practical  execution  that 
enables  one  to  be  successful  in  various  lines,  which  has 
been  exemplified  in  his  life,  for  he  has  handled  in  a 
commendable  manner  various  undertakings,  while  now 
he  takes  rank  with  the  progressive  and  active  business 
men  of  the  county. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  Wilkinsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  on  May  12,  1847, 
David  was  born  to  David  and  Sarah  Urquhart,  whence, 
while  an  infant,  he  was  removed  by  his  parents  to  La 
Porte  county,  Indiana,  near  the  town  of  La  Porte. 
There  he  obtained  his  education  in  the  district  schools 
and  assisted  his  father  in  the  work  of  the  farm,  until  he 
was  fourteen,  when  the  family  made  another  move,  to 
Champaign  county,  Illinois,  and  there  our  subject  en- 
listed in  Company  B,  Second  Illinois  Artillery,  in  1864. 
But  it  was  his  lot  to  be  confined  in  the  hospital  during 
the  year  and  a  half  of  his  service,  and  he  never  partici- 
pated in  the  stirring  scenes  of  the  battlefield.  After 
the  close  of  the  war  he  went  to  Joplin,  Jasper  county, 
Missouri,  and  there  devoted  himself  to  lead  mining 
and  freighting  for  five  years,  after  which  period  he  re- 
moved to  Elgin,  Kansas,  in  1870,  where  he  received 
the  appointment  of  deputy  United  States  marshal  from 
General  William  Britton  and  continued  in  this 
office  for  four  years.  At  .the  same  time  he 
was  first  lieutenant  in  the  state  militia.  1880 
marks  the  date  when  he  came  to  Moscow,  and  for 
twelve  years  subsequent  thereto  he  dwelt  on  his  farm 
three  miles  southwest  from  the  town,  paying  attention 
to  the  production  of  the  fruits  of  the  field.  He  still 
owns  this  farm,  which  consists  of  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres,  and  is  rented.  In  1891  he  removed  to 
Moscow  and  opened  a  real  estate  office,  where  we  found 
him  for  three  years.  Also,  in  1893,  he  opened  a  hard- 
ware store,  conducting  it  for  one  year.  Then  it  was 
that  he  perceived  an  opening  in  the  manufacturing  line 
in  the  city  and  accordingly  opened  the  brick  yard  where 
he  is  operating  today  with  excellent  success.  Mr. 
Urquhart  is  a  thorough  master  of  his  business,  and 
has  a  fine  patronage  that  is  fully  merited  by  his  ex- 
cellent work  and  careful  dealing.  He  is  the  possessor 
of  an  elegant  residence  in  the  city  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  county. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Urquhart  and  Miss  Nancy, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Marie  Edmundson,  was  cele- 
brated in  Winfield,  Kansas,  in  October-  1874,  and  they 
have  become  the  parents  of  the  following  children: 
Minneola,  Lillian  and  Earl.  Mr.  Urquhart  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Foresters  of  America,  Moscow  Lodge,  No. 
10,  also  of  the  Major  Anderson  Post  of  the  G.  A.  R. 


GOTTFRIED  WEBER.  The  enterprising  and 
industrious  gentleman  whose  name  introduces  this 
paragraph  is  one  of  Moscow's  well  known  and  capable 
business  men,  and  is  conducting  a  harness  shop  and 
saddlery  on  one  of  the  principal  streets  of  the  city, 
where  he  enjoys  the  extended  patronage  that  his  skill 
and  affability  deserve.  We  are  led  across  the  wide 
Atlantic  to  find  the  native  place  of  Mr.  Weber,  it  be- 
ing in  Baden,  Germany.  His  birth  occurred  on  May 
4,  1858,  and  his  father  was  Ignaius  Weber,  and  his 
mother  died  before  he  can  remember.  At  the  early 
age  of  thirteen  the  lad  left  the  fatherland  and  the 
parental  roof  and,  in  company  with  a  cousin,  Frank 
Weber,  of  Walla  Walla,  came  to  try  his  fortune  in  the 
new  world.  The  details  of  the  first  few  years  of  his 


stay  here  are  not  chronicled,  but  in  1871  he  went  with 
his  cousin,  mentioned  before,  from  New  York  to  San 
Francisco,  traveling  by  the  Southern  Pacific.  Then 
they  came  up  the  coast  to  Portland,  thence  to  Walla 
Walla,  where  he  remained  until  1873,  then  returned  to 
Portland,  and  in  that  city  he  learned  his  trade,  being 
especially  skillful  and  apt  in  all  of  its  branches.  He 
came  to  Moscow  in  the  spring  of  1879,  and  immedi-' 
ately  built  the  building  where  he  is  now  located  and 
opened  a  harness  shop  and  saddlery.  Success  attend- 
ed him  and  honest  treatment  and  skillful  work  drew 
many  of  the  inhabitants  to  his  shop,  and  in  1892  h« 
was  proprietor  of  a  shop  that  handled  ten  journeymen, 
and  all  was  prosperous.  Then  came  the  financial  crash 
that  crippled  every  business  man  and  farmer  in  thei 
entire  country,  and  for  a  time  our  subject  quit  the 
harness  business  and  embarked  in  selling  implements 
until  1896.  then  returned  to  his  old  business  in  the 
original  stand,  and  at  once  the  trade  again  came  his 
way  with  generosity  of  numbers  that  soon  made  the 
business  one  of  good  proportions  and  worthy  of  the 
skill  and  ability  of  the  owner.  He  has  labored  stead- 
ily on  in  this 'line  since.  He  is  numbered  with  the] 
leading  citizens  of  the  county  and  has  served  as  alder- 
man from  the  First  ward  for  the  last  three  terms,  mani- 
festing in  this  public  capacity  the  same  energy  and 
care  for  the  affairs  of  the  city  that  characterize  him 
in  his  private  enterprises.  Fraternally  Mr.  Weber  is, 
united  with  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  No.  13,  also  is  a  member 
of  the  Elks,  No.  249.  In  religious  persuasion  he  is 
identified  with  the  Roman  Catholic  church  and  is  a 
stanch  supporter  of  his  faith. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Weber  and  Miss  Kate  N., 
daughter  of  John  and  Emmaline  Price,  early  pioneers 
to  Nevada,  but  now  residing  in  Moscow,  was  celebrated 
at  Lewiston,  Idaho,  on  March  I,  1885,  and  they  have 
become  the  parents  of  two  children, — John  and  Emma-- 
line,— both  attending  school. 


CHARLES  MOORE,  deceased.  The  di 
guished  gentleman  whose  name  is  mentioned  above 
was  one  of  the  well  known  and  capable  men  of  Latah 
county,  being  perhaps,  more  than  any  other  one  man,j 
influential  in  gaining  for  his  county  a  separate  organ- 
ization, and  manifesting  during  a  long  life  of  use- 
fulness and  faithful  labor  those  qualities  of  upright- 
ness, integrity  and  ability  which  ever  characterized  him 
in  all  his  relations,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that-  we 
are  enabled  to  grant  to  his  memory  this  humble  re- 
view of  a  worthy  life,  knowing  while  we  recount  his 
deeds  that  we  are  treading  familiar  ground  to  eyery 
citizen  of  the  county,  for  he  was  well  known  and  be- 
loved by  all. 

Charles  Moore  was  born  in  Ohio  on  October  i, 
1841,  being  the  son  of  Amos  and  Mary  Moore,  who 
removed  with  their  family  to  Point  Bluff,  Wisconsin, 
and  there  the  young  man  met  and  later  married  Miss 
Julia  A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  Kneen.  She 
was  born  in  New  York,  but  had  been  taken  by  her 
parents  to  Kilbourn  City,  Wisconsin,  where  they  be- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


came  leading  citizens.  This  happy  marriage  oc- 
curred on  October  13,  1864,  and  the  following 
spring  the  young  couple  made  the  tiresome  and  danger- 
ous journey  across  the  plains  with  mule  teams,  land- 
ing in  Walla  Walla  in  the  fall,  where  they  both  en- 

this  excellent  work  until  1869,  Air.  Moore  being  in 
1870  appointed  postmaster  of  Walla  Walla  under  U. 
S.  Grant,  which  position  he  held  for  four  years  to  the 
satisfaction  of  all.  During  this  time  he  purchased 
the  old  Whitman  mission  farm  and  superintended  it, 
selling  the  same  in  1878,  when  he  removed  to  Almota, 
where  he  was  the  agent  of  the  Oregon  Steamship 
Navigation  Company,  being  also  engaged  in  the  im- 
plement business.  It  was  in  1880  that  he  settled  in 
Moscow,  and  with  his  brother,  Miles  C.  Moore,  of 
Walla  Walia,  erected  a  grist  mill,  the  first  one  in 
the  city.  To  the  operation  of  that,  together  with  at- 
tending to  his  farms,  he  gave  his  attention  until  the 
close  of  his  life.  In  1888  he  was  very  instrumental 
in  organizing  the  present  Latah  county,  the  territory 
being  previous  to  that  time  a  portion  of  Nez  Perces 
county.  In  the  prosecution  of  this  work  he  made  a 
trip  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  the  labors  and  care, 
together  with  his  business  responsibilities,  were  too 
heavy  for  his  strength,  and  he  sickened  and  was  called 
from  the  duties  of  this  world  to  participate  in  the 
realities  of  that  to  come.  He  was  universally  beloved, 

throughout  the  entire  county,  and  also  in  all  places 
where  he  was  known,  for  he  was  a  good  man,  capable 
and  upright.  At  one  time  Mr.  Moore  was  a  member 
of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  in  Walla  Walla,  but  after  coming 
to  Moscow  he  had  dropped  the  active  affiliation  with 
this  order.  The  immediate  relatives  left  to  mourn 
his  departure  were  his  loving  wife  and  four  children, 
— Harry  K.,  an  attorney  at  Moscow;  Flora  P.,  in- 
structress in  the  University  of  Idaho;  Fred,  a  mining 
engineer  in  Wallace,  Idaho;  Edna  L.,  attending  the 
University  of  Idaho. 


JOHN  L.  NAYLOR.  A  representative  and  well 
known  business  man  of  Moscow,  where  he  conducts 
a  real  estate  and  insurance  office,  soliciting  for  some  of 
the  leading  underwriting  companies,  the  subject  of 
this  article  is  eminenly  fitted  for  representation  in  any 
volume  that  has  to  do  with  the  annals  of  this  section  of 
the  country. 

Mr.  Naylor  is  a  native  of  Washington  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  date  of  his  birth  is  April  5, 
1851,  being  the  son  of  Aquilla  and  Sarah  J.  Naylor, 
who  were  numbered  among  the  agricultural  population 
of  that  section.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to  Se- 
dalia.  Pettis  county,  Missouri,  in  1866,  and  there  com- 
pleted his  common  school  education,  later  taking  a 
course  in  the  Central  Commercial  College,  at  Boonville, 
Missouri.  Subsequent  to  this  fortification  for  the  bat- 
tle of  his  life  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  art  of  mining 
and  wrought  in  the  lead  mines  for  a  number  of  years. 
In  1874-75  he  was  foreman  in  the  Lamine  lead  mines 


in  Cooper  county,  Missouri.  In  the  Centennial  year  he 
made  the  journey  to  the  coast,  stopping  the  first  winter 
in  southern  Oregon  and  then  migrating  to  Nez  Perces 
county,  Idaho,  locating  three  miles  north  from  Mos- 
cow, where  he  secured  a  fine  farm.  To  the  cultivation 
and  improvement  of  this  property  he  gave  his  indus- 
trious effort  and  attention  until  1892,  when  he  removed 
to  the  city  of  Moscow  and  opened  an  office  as  men- 
tioned above,  and  since  that  time  he  has  done  a  pros- 
perous business  in  these  lines  in  addition  to  super- 
intending his  farms.  He  was  chosen  by  the  people  as 
'  '  of  Ne;  ~ 


Republican  ticket  in  1886,  and  when  the  county  of 
Latah  was  organized,  in  1888,  he  was  chosen  to  a 
similar  office  in  the  new  organization,  filling  both  of- 
fices with  efficiency  and  faithfulness.  In  1892  Air. 
Naylor  was  chosen  for  the  office  of  sheriff  of  Latah 
county,  and  in  this,  as  in  other  public  service,  he 
showed  both  ability  and  integrity  in  the  discharge  of 
the  duties  incumbent  upon  him.  Fraternally  Mr.  Nay- 
lor is  associated  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  31, 
with  the  Crescent  Encampment,  No.  12,  Canton  of 
Idaho,  No.  i ;  Star  of  Rebekahs,  No.  15;  with  the  A. 
O.  U.  W.,  No.  13 ;  all  of  Moscow. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Naylor  and  Miss  Rebecca  E., 
daughter  of  David  and  Diana  Allen,  who  were  among 
the  earliest  pioneers  of  the  state,  was  solemnized  in 
AIoscow  on  August  7,  1881,  and  they  have  become  the 
parents  of  four  children, — Ruth,  Roy,  Ralph  and 
Neppa.  Mr.  Naylor  has  conducted  himself  in  the  af- 
fairs of  life,  both  public  duties  and  private  enterprise, 
with  manifestation  of  vigor,  enterprise,  ability  and 
integrity,  and  he  has  justly  earned  the  competence  that 
is  his  to  enjoy,  as  also  the  confidence  and  esteem  of 
the  people  which  is  generously  bestowed. 


HON.  SAMUEL  J.  LANGDON  is  one  of  the 
highly  esteemed  pioneer  farmers  of  Latah  county,  and 
is  a  native  of  Ohio,  having  been  born  at  Granville, 
Licking  county,  on  Alay  4,  1829,  and  being  of  Scotch- 
Irish  lineage.  His  ancestors  were  early  settlers  of 
Connecticut  and  participated  in  the  Revolutionary  war 
and  the  events  of  colonial  days.  One  of  the  Langdons 
served  as  commander  of  Ticonderoga  at  one  time. 
Jesse  Langdon,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was 
reared  in  Connecticut  and  there  married  Miss  Jewett, 
with  whom  he  later  removed  to  Berkshire  county, 
Massachusetts,  following  there  the  art  of  agriculture. 
They  were  members  of  the  Congregational  church  and 
lived  to  a  good,  ripe  age.  Their  children  were  Hiram, 
Anson,  Richardson,  James  J.,  Albert,  Betsey  and  Eunice 
H.  James  J.,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  on  the 
old  homestead  in  1795  and  when  a  young  man  removed 
to  Licking  county,  Ohio,  where  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  White,  a  daughter  of  Captain  Samuel  White,  a 
prominent  citizen  of  the  same  county,  having  won  his 
title  by  commanding  a  company  of  state  militia.  The 
maternal  great  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  Thomas 
Philipps,  a  native  of  Wales,  who  crossed  to  Phila- 
delphia, his  son,  John  H.  Philipps,  being  a  member  of 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Anthony  Wayne's  staff  during  the  Indian  wars.  He 
removed  to  Licking  county,  Ohio,  when  the  war  was 
over,  and  there  became  prominent.  Samuel  White 
married  Martha  Philipps,  daughter  of  Thomas  Philipps, 
and  in  1810  went  to  Granville,  Ohio.  Their  daughter, 
Mary,  became  the  wife  of  James  J.  Langdon,  and  the 
mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  James  J.  Lang- 
don worked  at  coopering  after  his  marriage  until  1840, 
then  removed  with  his  family  to  southeastern  Missouri. 
Five  years  later  he  returned  to  Newark,  Ohio,  whence 
he  went  to  McLean  county,  Illinois,  where  he  died  in 
his  sixty-fifth  year.  The  wife  survived  him  ten  years, 
and  died  in  her  seventieth  year.  Their  children  were 
Martha,  Mary,  Samuel  J.,  our  subject,  Albert  E.,  Eliz- 
abeth D.  and  Ellen  E.  Mary,  Martha  and  Elizabeth 
have  passed  away.  Albert  E.  is  a  resident  of  Illinois, 
and  Ellen,  now  Mrs.  Calkins,  and  a  widow,  is  residing 
with  her  brother,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

S.  J.  Langdon  was  educated  in  Newark,  Ohio,  and 
began  life  as  a  farmer,  and  on  July  26,  1853,  married 
Miss  Martha  Virginia,  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Wilson,  a 
pioneer  of  Ohio.  In  August,  1862,  Mr.  Langdon  en- 
listed in  Company  G,  Ninety-fourth  Illinois  Volunteer 
Infantry,  serving  in  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Vicksburg, 
and  in  the  Gulf  department.  Nine  battles  and  sieges, 
besides  many  skirmishes,  were  participated  in  by  him, 
among  which  are  Prairie  Grove,  Arkansas,  Vicksburg, 
Mississippi,  Fort  Morgan,  Alabama,  and  Spanish  Fort, 
also  in  Alabama.  He  was  never  wounded  and  he 
faithfully  fought  until  the  close  of  the  war,  then  re- 
tired with  a  most  creditable  military  record,  having 
been  promoted  to  corporal  during  the  the  first  six 
months  of  service  and  later  attaining  the  rank  of  ser- 
geant. Returning  to  his  home  in  Illinois,  he  farmed 
until  1866,  then  removed  to  Crawford  county,  Kansas, 
whence  in  1874  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Latah  county, 
using  a  team  of  horses  and  a  team  of  cows.  His  wife 
and  one  daughter  had  died  in  Kansas  in  1872.  He  had 
left  his  children  in  Kansas  when  he  started  west  and 
intended  to  go  to  New  Mexico,  but  abandoned  that 
project  on  acount  of  hostile  Indians,  and  settled  in 
Grass  valley.  Utah,  for  a  year  and  a  half,  then  was 
joined  by  his  children  and  came  on  to  this  country, 
spending  one  winter  in  Walla  Walla,  and  in  1877  com- 
ing to  Latah  county.  He  took  a  quarter  section  of 
government  land  and  embarked  in  lumbering  with 
partners,  manufacturing  most  of  the  lumber  that  was 
used  in  Moscow  in  early  days.  He  served  as  deputy 
assessor,  later  as  assessor,  filled  the  office  of  deputy 
sheriff  for  two  terms  and  that  of  sheriff  for  one  term 
and  was  a  member  of  the  territorial  legislature  in 
1880,  having  also  served  in  that  capacity  four  terms  in 
Kansas.  He  gave  his  original  farm  to  his  daughter, 
and  now  owns  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  on  the 
Little  Potlatch.  He  has  recently  removed  to  the  city 
of  Moscow,  and  from  there  he  superintends  the  es- 
tate, which  is  a  bountiful  producer  of  the  cereals  and 
fruits.  He  has  manifested  capabilities  in  the  man- 
agement of  his  business  affairs,  and  he  is  now  spend- 


ing the  golden  years  of  his  life  in  the  enjoyment  of 
a  handsome  competence  and  the  esteem  and  confidence 
of  all.  Mr.  Langdon  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Republican  party  and  held  with  it  until  Grant's 
second  administration  and  then  joined  the  ranks  of  3 
Democracy,  remaining  there  until  Cleveland's  second 
term;  then  he  went  with  the  Populists,  but  of  late 
years  he  has  been  independent,  voting  according  to 
the  question  and  the  man.  Fraternally  he  is  identi- 
fied with  the  Order  of  Pyramids,  the  Knights  of 
Pythias  and  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  having 
served  on  the  staff  of  two  of  the  national  commanders 
of  the  last  named  order.  Mr.  Langdon  is  a  loyal  ' 
citizen,  a  genial  and  affable  neighbor,  and  a  true  and 
substantial  man. 


GEORGE  W.  PIERCE.  One  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  Idaho,  and  a  man  who  has  been  acquainted 
with  the  frontier  all  of  his  life,  having  ever  displayed 
courage  and  those  telling  qualities  of  worth  which 
have  enabled  him  to  carve  out  a  successful  career  in  J 
the  west,  the  esteemed  pioneer  and  gentleman  whose 
name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article  is  deserving  of  es- 
pecial mention  in  the  volume  of  his  county's  history, 
which  we  are  pleased  to  accord  to  him. 

Mr.  Pierce  was  born  in  Oxford  county,  Maine,  on 
March  20,  1834,  and  there  grew  to  manhood  and  was 
educated.  In  1853  he  came,  via  Panama,  to  San 

was  successful.    Later  he  perceived  the  need  of  further 
educational  training,  and  so  spent  some  time  at  the 
Bryant  &  Stratton  College  in  San  Francisco.     Then 
he  went  to  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  and  bought  stock 
in  the   Crown  Point  mines,  which  he  sold  later  for 
fourteen  thousand  dollars.     In  1870  he  could  have  sold 
the  same  amount  for  five  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
Next  we  see  him  in  South  America,  prospecting  in  the 
Andes  for  two  years.      From  that  place  he  came  to   i 
Idaho,  and  was  one  of  a  group  of  men  who  discovered 
the  Oro  Fino  mines.     He  was  the  man  from  whom  the 
well  known  point  of  Pierce  City  was  named.      It  is- 
supposed  to  be  the  oldest  town  in  Idaho,  and  Mr.  Pierce  < 
well  deserves  the  credit  and  approbation  given  to  the   < 
sturdy  pioneer.     He  has    done   a    lion's  share    in    the 
praiseworthy  work  of  developing  this  county  and  this   .' 
state. 

At  the  present  time  Mr.  Pierce  is  located  in  the 
Hoodoo  district,  where  he  has  some  very  fine  prop- 
erties. He  has  constantly  followed  mining,  more  or  j 
less,  since  his  first  trip  to  California,  and  he  is  ac- 
quainted with  it  in  all  of  its  phases,  and  is  a  practical 
man  in  these  lines.  Mr.  Pierce  has  raised  two  adopted 
daughters.  The  youngest  is  married  and  living  in 
Greenfield,  Massachusetts.  The  eldest  died  in  her 
fifteenth  year.  He  owns  a  farm  of  one-half  section 
in  the  valley  in  addition  to  his  mines  and  other  property. 
Wherever  he  is  known  Mr.  Pierce  is  highly  respected 
and  enjoys  a  very  enviable  prestige. 


PART  V. 

HISTORY  OF  KOOTENAI  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


EARLY    EVENTS. 


Conversing  recently  with  a  prominent  citizen  of 
Kootenai  county,  one  thoroughly  familiar  with  its  past, 

'  the  writer  asked  him  this  question :  "If  you  were  writ- 
ing the  history  of  Kootenai  county,  to  what  events 
would  you  give  prominence  ?"  The  answer  was  :  "Thus 

I  far,  no  events  worthy  of  special  mention,  aside  from  the 
construction  of  the  railroads,  have  transpired  in  Koot- 
enai county.  Its  history,  as  one  of  the  best  counties  of 

I  the  state,  is  just  beginning."  In  attempting  to  write  a 
comprehensive  and  correct  past  record  of  a  county 
whose  history  is  just  beginning,  many  obstacles  have 

|  periods  of  exploration,  road  building  and  Indian  mis- 

the  county  had  ever  crossed  its  boundaries,  was  readily 
obtained  from  the  writings  of  the  missionaries,  the  road 
builders  and  the  explorers.  Later  history  has  not  been 
so  easily  obtained.  There  are  a  number  of  reasons  for 
this,  some  of  them  excusable  and  others  inexcusable. 
p  At  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  county  there 

tion  under' the  state  law.     From  this  handfull  of  men 

treat  difficulty  was  had  in  securing  men  enough  to 
11  the  various  county  offices.  As  there  was  little  or 
no  promise  of  remuneration  for  services  rendered,  there 
I  were  no  special  inducements  for  capable  men  to  devote 
their  time  to  the  management  of  county  affairs.  The 
few  settlers  who  were  in  the  county  were  not  politicians  ; 
the  field  was  not  ripe  for  the  office  seeker ;  the  wonder- 
ful timber  resources  of  the  country  and  the  supposed 
existence  of  precious  minerals  had  led  a  few  ventur- 
some  settlers  to  invade  the  wilderness  in  search  of 
homes  and  with  the  hope  of  acquiring  wealth.  These 
men  could  only  hold  office  at  a  sacrifice.  Under  such 
circumstances  it  is  not  surprising  that  early  official 


records  were  poorly  kept  at  the  time,  and  allowed  to 
disappear  when  their  immediate  purpose  had  been 
served.  We  have  not  had  the  advantage  of  official 
records,  covering  the  earlier  life  of  the  county.  Usu- 
ally the  historian  gains  much  valuable  and  accurate  in- 
formation from  the  files  of  pioneer  newspapers.  In 
Kootenai  the  early  newspapers  quit  publication  before 
the  county  was  ten  years  old,  the  plants  were  moved  to 
other  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  files  disappeared. 
There  is  not,  at  present,  a  newspaper  file  in  the  county 
that  was  published  prior  to  the  year  1890.  For  the 
record  of  the  events  of  the  first  decade  in  the  official 
life  of  the  county  we  have  had  to  depend  largely  upon 

dents  of  other  counties  and  other  states  who  are  con- 
it  especially   interested   in  the  history  of 


seqin      , 

still   make   it   their   home,   we   gained   much 
knowledge  of  early  events.     To  these  men  \ 


vho 


special  obligations  and  in  the  pref; 
ave  made  mention  of  their  kindly  assist 
Kootenai  county  has  no  old  settlers'  o 


hence  there  has  been  no  imited  effoi 
records  historical  and  reminiscent  of  tl 
No  provision  has  been  made  thus  far  )r  keeping  an 
account  of  the  annual  output  fi 
tries  of  the  county.  In  the  indus 
yearly  by  the  state,  no  definite  informal  n  is  tabulated 
concerning  Kootenai  county,  and  no  ounty  official 
seems  to  have  been  charged  with  the  ga  icring  of  data 
of  this  character.  Hence,  from  no  so  rcc  could  we 
obtain  full  and  accurate  information  along  these  lines. 
However,  after  many  weeks  of  persistent  effort,  in 
ipite  of  innumerable  obstacles,  and  indifference  on  the 
nart  of  a  few  who  were  in  uosition  to  rainier  valuable 


i  and 

:  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


aid  along  special  lines  we  have  secured  the  necessary 
information  that  enables  us  to  narrate  in  full  the  events 
associated  with  the  exploration,  settlement  and  develop- 
ment of  the  county. 

In  another  chapter  will  be  found,  in  detail,  the  his- 
tory of  railroad  schemes  and  railroad  building  in  North- 
ern Idaho,  of  the  annexation  question,  and  other  gen- 
eral matter,  effecting  the  whole  territory  covered  by 
this  work.  In  this  chapter  such  matters  will  be  but 
briefly  mentioned  excepting  as  they  have  directly 
affected  conditions  of  Kootenai  county.  We  will  review, 
first,  the  period  of  early  exploration  and  in  direct  con- 
nection have  something  to  say  of  the  aboriginal  tribes 
of  this  section.  We  will  relate  the  story  of  the  Jesuit 
.Missionaries  and  their  work  among  the  Indians,  and 
*ell  of  the  first  permanent  settlements  made  in  the 
•county  by  home  seekers.  Second,  we  will  write  in  de- 
tail the  history  of  the  county  from  the  date  of  its  or- 
ganization to  the  present  time. 

Jt  is  purely  a  matter  of  speculation  as  to  the  time 
"when  white  men  first  explored  the  territory  now  com- 
posing the  political  division  of  Idaho  known  as 
Kootenai  county.  Actual  records  of  the  presence  of 
white  men  on  the  shores  of  Couer  d'Alene  and  Pend 
Oreille  lakes  extend  as  far  back  as  1842.  But  those 
who  came  in  that  year  found  the  agents  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  located  at  various  points  along  the 
lakes  and  rivers,  and  rude  cabins  of  hunters  and  trap- 
pers were  scattered  about  in  remote  mountain  regions. 
There  are  no  available  prints  telling  when  this  section 
was  first  occupied  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 
This  is  not  of  course  a  matter  of  vital  importance  as  the 
civilization  of  today  is  but  remotely  the  result 
of  the  visits  of  the  fur  trader.  The  first  invasions  were 
no  doubt  from  the  north  up  the  Kootenai  river.  It  is 
known  that  fur  traders  were  in  eastern  Washington  in 
1811  and  that  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  occupied  the 
lake  region  of  southern  British  Columbia  still  earlier 
in  the  nineteenth  century,  and  it  would  have  been  very 
natural  for  the  trapper  to  make  excursions  up  the 
Kootenai  river  in  the  pursuit  of  game.  In  a  two-days' 
journey  he  would  have  passed  the  forty-ninth  parallel 
of  latitude  and  made  his  camps  in  what  is  now  Kootenai 
county  territory. 

Across-the-continent  expeditions  prior  to  the  year 
1853,  entered  the  present  state  of  Idaho  through,  or 
south  of,  what  is  known  as  the  Lolo  pass.  Their 
course  was  down  'the  Snake  and  Columbia  rivers  to  the 
coast,  and  the  extreme  northern  portion  of  Idaho  was 
not  visited.  Inland  excursions  made  from  the  Pacific 
coast  prior  to  and  after  this  date,  did  not  extend  as  far 
cast  as  the  present  Idaho  boundaries.  Lewis  and  Clarke 
did  not  explore  any  portion  of  the  Idaho  teritory  north 
of  the  forty-seventh  parallel  of  latitude. 

Before  beginning  the  history  of  settlement  and  de- 
velopment by  white  men,  it  is  appropriate  that  we 
make  some  mention  of  the  aboriginal  tribes  that  were 
the  first  possessors  of  the  land.  There  are  evidences 
seeming  to  establish  the  fact  of  the  existence  here  of  a 
prehistoric  race,  although  nothing  has  been  discovered 
that  sheds  any  light  upon  its  character  or  customs.  On 
the  rocky  shores  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille,  near  what  is 


known  as  Steamboat  Landing,  at  the  head  of  the  lake, 
are  some  rude  carvings  which  were  discovered  a  few 
years  ago  by  John  B.  Leiberg,  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey.  They  have  apparently  been  made 
to  represent  the  feet  and  claws  or  toes  of  animals  and 
the  forms  of  birds  and  beasts.  There  are  also  figures 
bearing  no  resemblance  to  existing  forms  of  animal 
life.  The  present  generation  of  Indians  has  no  knowl- 
edge of  the  meaning  or  authorship  of  these  figures  and 
their  ancestors  have  handed  down  no  legends  concern- 
ing the  workmen  who  wrought  so  indelibly  in  the 
everlasting  rocks.  The  carvings  appear  on  the  face 
of  granite  formations  so  hard  that  no  metal  instrument 
of  modern  manufacture  could  possibly  reproduce  them 
on  the  same  surface.  Simihar  evidences  of  the  ex- 
istence of  an  ancient  race  are  found  elsewhere  but 
there  is  not  space  in  such  a  work  as  this  for  exhaustive 
descriptions.  There  is  opportunity .  here  for  research 
and  speculation  by  the  student  of  the  future,  and  it  will 
doubtless  be  improved. 

As  quite  a  numerous  remnant  of  the  Indian  tribes 
that  occupied  this  region  in  the  beginning  of  the  nine- 
teenth century,  still  lives  within  the  boundaries  of 
Kootenai  county,  it  is  proper  that  they  should  have  a 
place  in  its  history.  The  Kootenais  inhabited  the  most 
northern  portion  of  the  county  and  roamed  over  the 
greater  part  of  British  Columbia.  Writers  on  the 
genealogy  of  the  north-west  Indians  class  the  Kootenais 
with  the  Shushwap  nation,  a  general  term  applied  to 
all  tribes  inhabiting  the  region  of  the  upper  Columbia 
river  and  its  northern  tributaries.  The  primitive  Koot- 
enais are  said  to  have  possessed  many  notable  traits  of 
character  and  there  are  yet  those  living  at  Bonner's 
Ferry  who  had  many  personal  dealings  with  the  good 
old  Chief  Abraham  who  was  ever  the  steadfast  friend 
of  the  whites  and  who  is  held  in  most  respectful  re- 
membrance for  his  personal  traits,  his  intelligence  and 
honesty  and  for  his  great  influence  for  good  over  the 
members  of  the  tribe.  Compared  with  many  other  tribes 
of  the  northwest,  the  Kootenais  have  fewer  repugnant 
characteristics.  They  are  brave  and  of  commanding 
stature.  They  are  neat  and  cleanly  to  a  certain  degree 
and  on  occasion  are  sociable  and  gay,  although  not  lack- 
ing in  the  traditional  cold  reserve  of  the  red  men.  They 
were  once  a  powerful  tribe  and  were  the  allies  of  the 
Flatheads  in  many  wars  against  their  common  enemy, 
the  Blackfeet.  The  Kootenais  are  the  most  northern 
tribe  accustomed  to  horses.  These  animals  are  sup- 
posed to  have  been  originally  obtained  from  the  Sho- 
shones.  The  latter  were  old-time  allies  of  the  Coman- 
ches,  to  whom  horses  were  traded  by  the  Spaniards  in 
the  Sixteenth  century. 

The  Pend  Oreilles  and  Couer  d'Alenes  belong  to 
the  Salish  family  of  Indians.  This  family  also  be- 
longed to  the  Columbia  group,  but  dwelt  south  of  the 
Shushwaps,  along  the  Columbia  river  and  its  tributaries 
between  the  forty-seventh  and  forty-ninth  parallels  of 
latitude  and  between  the  Cascade  and  the  Bitter  Root 
mountains. 

The  term  Pend  Oreille,  meaning  ear-pendant,  is 
said  by  some  to  have  been  applied  to  the  lake  of  that 
name  because  of  its  resemblance  in  shape  to  the  human 


Hieroglyphics  on  the  Shores  of  Lake  Fend  Oreille.    Scientists  have  not  yet  deciphered  their  meaning. 


East  View  of  Clear-water  Battle  Ground,  where  Thirteen  United  States  Soldiers  and  Twenty  thrt 
Indians  were  Killed  on  July  11,  1877. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ear.  By  others  the  term  is  said  to  have  been  applied  to 
the  Indian  tribe  because  of  the  custom  of  wearing  shell 
rings  in  the  cars.  The  Pend  Oreille  Indians  dwelt 
about  the  lake  and  for  seventy-five  miles  on  either  side 
along  the  darks'  Fork  and  Pend  Oreille  rivers.  But 
little  has  been  written  concerning  the  characteristics  of 
.  these  Indians.  They  are  not  classed  by  early  historians 
with  the  more  powerful  and  warlike  tribes  and  scarcely 
anything  has  been  told  of  a  creditable  nature,  of  their 
personal  traits  or  of  their  achievements  in  tribal  con- 
tests. Tn  physical  qualities  they  are  said  to  have  been 
inferior  to  their  neighbors  and  by  the  early  missionaries 

f  they  are  represented  as  being  untidy  even  for  savages. 

;  One  writer  tells  us  that  when  provisions  and  other 
necessaries  were  scarce,  or  when  driven  to  severe  straits 

\  by  their  enemies,  it  was  their  custom  to  bury  the  very 
young  and  very  old  alive  because  they  were  unable  to 
take  care  of  themselves.  By  the  same  writer  it  is  said 
that  the  young  Pend  Ore'ille,  on  reaching  his  ma- 
jority, was  sent  to  the  top  of  a  high  mountain,  where 

"'  he  was  compelled  to  remain  until  he  had  dreamed  of 
some  animal  or  bird,  which  was  through  life  to  be  his 
medicine.  A  claw,  a  tooth,  or  a  feather  of  the  animal, 
or  bird,  was  ever  afterwards  worn  as  a  charm.  Al- 
though their  women  were  treated  more  kindly  than 
those  of  the  other  tribes,  the  standard  of  the  wife's 
qualifications  was  her  ability  to  work. 

Some  of  the  Kootenai  Indians,  and  a  few  of  the 
Pend  Oreilles  make  their  homes  in  the  northern  part 
of  Kootenai  county,  living  by  farming,  stock-raising, 
fishing  and  hunting;  but  the  majority  of  the  remnants 

'  of  these  tribes  have  been  removed  to  the  Flathead 
Agency  in  Montana. 

The  Cpeur  d'Alenes,  although  closely  allied  to  the 
Pend  Oreilles  and  belonging  to  the  same  general  fam- 
ily, are  mentally,  morally,  and  physically  their  superiors. 
This  is  the  only  tribe  whose  primitive  hunting  grounds 
embraced  what  is  now  a  portion  of  Kootenai  county, 
that  has  a  history  really  worth  recording,  and  as  that 

;  history  bears  directly  upon  the  settlement  and  de- 
velopment of  the  county,  and  as  the  tribe  itself  has  pro- 

zation  and  peace,  we  will  enter  more  minutely  into  the 
record  of  its  past  than  we  have  into  that  of  the  other 

!-  tribes. 

According  to  the  missionaries  now  in  charge  of  the 

;  DeSmet  mission,  the  term  Coeur  d'Alene  was  first 
applied  to  these  Indians  by  Canadian  Frenchmen  in  the 

\  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  While  be- 
longing to  the  Salish  family  of  Indians,  their  correct 
tribal  name  is  Schizuumsh,  which  means,  in  the  Indian 

I  tongue,  "an  awl's  heart."  This  word  by  some  his- 
torians been  misspelled  "Skizoomish."  The  Kalispel 
Indians  call  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  "Schizui"  and  the 
Yakima  Indians  call  them  "Skizimug."  These  words 
have  no  special  meaning,  but  are  simply  to  point 
a  distinction  between  this  and  other  tribes.  Our  au- 

i  thority  for  these  tribal  appellations  is  Father  Joseph 
M.  Caruana,  who  has  dwelt  among  these  Indians  and 

forty  years. 

There  are  several  translations  or  explanations  of 


the  name  Coeur  d'Alene.  One  of  the  early  missionary 
writers  has  this  to  say  of  the  meaning  of  the  term  : 
"Coeur  d'Alene  is  nothing  but  a  nick-name.  The  first 
immigrants  to  this  region  were  French  Canadians  be- 
longing to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  From  them 
it  emanated.  The  literal  meaning  of  the  term  is  'the 
heart  of  the  owl,'  and  it  was  first  given  to  a  chief  who 
was  known  through  life  by  that  name." 

A  Catholic  historian  of  the  present  day  in  review- 
ing the  history  of  this  tribe  in  the  columns  of  the  Catho- 
lic Sentinel  refers  to  them  as  "the  savages  whose  ex- 
cessive cruelty  won  for  them  the  title  indicative  of 
their  character,  that  of  Coeur  d'Alenes,  Hearts  of 
Awls." 

Another  writer  gives  "stout  hearted"  as  a  liberal 
translation  of  the  term,  claiming  the  Indians  were  so 
called  because  of  their  powers  of  endurance  and  their 
fearless  natures. 

A  writer  in  the  "Boise  Statesman"  in  1890  says: 
"The  Coeur  d'Alenes  were  not  'awl  hearted,'  nor  In- 
dians with  pointed  hearts,  as  some  have  translated  the 
term.  The  Canadian  trappers  and  hunters  found  a 
tribe  of  Indians  inhabiting  the  country  bordering  on 
the  beautiful  sheet  of  water  since  known  as  'Coeur 
d'Alene'  lake.  These  Indians  were  strong  01  limb 
and  fleet  of  foot—  tireless  runners  up  hill  and  down  hill 
and  the  first  white  visitor  gave  them  the  name  of 
Coeur  A'haleine,  meaning  strong  breathed  or  long 
winded  —  literally  'hearts  of  breath.'  From  this  the 
word  has  been  reduced  to  Alene,  which,  taken  alone, 
means  'Awl'  " 

Following  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's  agents, 
came  the  Jesuit  missionaries  to  the  Indians.  It  is  the 
office  of  the  historian  to  make  faithful  record  not  alone 
of  events  which  ultimately  result  in  the  settlement  and 
development  of  a  new  country,  but  of  all  events  which 
materially  affect  conditions  in"  the  new  country.  While 
the  Jesuits  did  not  bring  capital,  construct  railroads, 
build  cities,  and  put  up  mills  in  Kootenai  county,  their 
work,  in  another  direction,  was  of  very  great  impor- 
tance. The  changes  in  primitive  conditions,  in  the  at- 
titude of  the  red  men  toward  the  "paleface"  intruder, 
brought  about  by  these  faithful  missionaries,  were  mar- 
velous in  character  and  far  reaching  in  results.  It  is 
impossible  to  estimate  the  weight  of  their  influence  in 


viliz 


age  hatred  and  thus  paving  the  way  for 
n  that  came  at  a  later  day.     Theirs 


the 

not  the 

Prior-  to  the  year  1880,  Kootenai  county  was  practically 
an  unexplored  wilderness.  There  was  not  at  this  time 
a  single  house  within  its  boundaries.  Forty  years  be- 
fore this,  Father  DeSmet  began  work  among  the  In- 
dians on  the  shores  of  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  and  along 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  river.  While  the  work  of  the 
Jesuits  has  not  been  directly  associated  with  the  com- 
mercial and  political  evolution  of  the  county,  their  most 
effective  labors  have  been  with  the  Indian  tribes  within 
its  boundaries,  and  form  an  important  chapter"  in  its 
chronological  history.  We  deem  it  advisable  therefore, 
as  theirs  was  the  first  civilizing  influence  to  invade  the 
wilderness,  to  give  a  detailed  account  of  the  work. 

The  first  missionary  work  of  the  Catholic  church 


756 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  Kootenai  county  was  by  the  famous  Indian  mission- 
ary, Father  DeSmet,  who,  whilst  on  his  way  from  St. 
Mary's  Mission,  Montana,  to  Vancouver,  in  the  Spring 
of  1842,  met  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indians  at  their  largest 
camp,  called  Nchim  Kilgos,  which  was  located  just  at 
the  head  of  the  Spokane  river,  near  the  present  site  of 
Fort  Sherman.  Here  was  erected  a  log  chapel,  the  first 
mission  house  built  in  the  wilderness.  It  was  only  in- 
tended as  a  temporary  building,  to  serve  until  a  more 
central  location  could  be  selected.  He  found  the  In- 
dians wild  and  savage,  warlike  and  treacherous,  ad- 
dicted to  all  the  immoralities  and  brutalities,  super- 
stitions and  idolatries,  characteristic  of  the  "bad"  In- 
dian. Their  hatred  of  the  white  man  was  so  inappeasa- 
ble  that  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  did  not  dare  to  es- 
tablish a  trading  post  among  them.  Their  prowess  in 
fighting  their  aboriginal  enemies  is  evident  from  the  fact 
that  they  were  never  conquered  by  the  red  man  or  sub- 
jugated by  the  white  man.  The  subjugation,  however, 
came  not  'by  force  of  arms  but  by  the  influence  of  the 
Church.  These  Indians  had  heard  of  the  arrival  of  the 
"Black  Robes"  among  the  Flatheads ;  and  wishing  to 
be  equally  privileged  they  asked  the  Father  to  remain 
with  them,  to  teach  them  all  about  "Our  Maker,"  as 
they  called  God  in  their  language.  Not  being  able  to 
comply  with  their  request  for  a  longer  time  than  three 
days,  he  improved  the  opportunity  by  teaching  the 
principal  prayers  and  dogmas  of  the  Church  in  a  man- 
ner of  his  own  conception  that  was  very  ingenious. 
With  the  aid  of  an  interpreter  he  translated  into  the 
Indian  language  spoken  by  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  the  sign 
of  the  Cross,'  the  Our  Father  and  Hail  Mary,  the 
Apostles'  Creed,  the  Ten  Commandments,  the  Acts 
of  Faith,  Hope,  Charity,  and  Contrition.  The  trans- 
lation being  completed,  he  made  all  the  younger  mem- 
bers of  the  tribe  stand  in  a  circle  around  him,  demand- 
ing that  they  should  always  take  the  same  places  when 
meeting  for  prayer  and  instruction ;  then  he  entrusted 
to  the  memory  of  each  but  one  sentence  of  the  prayers, 
so  that  the  knowledge  he  desired  to  impart  would  be 
divided  among  them  all.  Frequent  repetition  by  each 
in  turn  of  what  he  had  memorized  secured  to  all  in  a 
few  days  the  knowledge  of  the  prayers  in  their  en- 
tirety, "in  fact,  on  his  return  trip  the  zealous  missionary 
had  the  pleasure  of  ascertaining  that  a  large  portion  of 
the  members  of  the  tribe  knew  the  prayers  by  heart. 

Father  DeSmet  and  his  followers  found  some  diffi- 
culty in  teaching  the  Ten  Commandments  to  many  of 
the  red  men,  owing  to  an  indisposition  on  the  part  of 
the  Indians  to  apply  themselves  studiously  to  the  work 
of  memorizing.  The  Indians  were  all  addicted  to  smok- 
ing. The  priests  made  an  effort  to  break  them  of  the 
habit;  but  finding  it  almost  impossible  to  do  so  and 
being  somewhat  discouraged  at  the  progress  made  in 
learning  the  commandments,  they  allowed  each  Indian 
to  smoke  a  pipe  when  he  had  memorized  a  command- 
ment. This  had  the  desired  effect  and  progress  became 
more  satisfactory.  Because  of  the  inducements  held 
out  by  the  priests,  the  commandments  were  called  by 
the  Indians,  "The  ten  pipes." 

In  the  fall  of  the  year  1844  Father  Nicholas  Point 
and  Bro.  Charles  Hiiet  left  the  Flathead  Mission  in 


Montana  under  the  escort  of  the  deputation  of  Coeur  j 
d'Alenes  who  had  gone  there  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 
the  promised  "Black  Robes"  to  their  territory.  Father  i 
Point  and  Brother  Huet  selected  for  their  first  estab- 
lishment a  site  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Joe  river  and 
placed  it  under  the  patronage  of  St.  Joseph.  St.  Joe 
river  owes  its  name  to  that  first  Catholic  mission.  Two  J 
log  buildings  for  missicm  purposes  were  erected  at 
this  point.  Two  years  later  the  venerable  Father 
Joset,  whose  missionary  labors  covered  more  than 
half  a  century  joined  himself  to  the  mission. 
About  this  time,  the  fall  of  1844,  Father 
DeSmet  converted  and  baptised  a  number  of 
Kootenai  Indians  and  -in  the  spring  of  1845  about  a 
dozen  of  the  Nez  Perces  tribe,  mostly  chiefs,  begged  to 
be  instructed  in  the  Catholic  laith.  As  the  Nez  Perces 
language  differed  from  that  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes, 
which  the  fathers  had  already  succeeded  in  learning, 
they  had  to  have  recourse  to  a  Coeur  d'Alene  Indian, 
who  himself  spoke  the  Nez  Perces  but  indifferently, 
to  act  as  interpreter.  With  his  aid  and  that  of  signs 
they  succeeded  in  converting  a  few  of  the  Indians  who 
had  come  to  the  Mission. 

The  same  year,  1846,  the  mission  on  the  banks  of 
the  St.  Joe  river  was  abandoned  because  the  site,  al-  ! 
though  an  ideal  one  in  the  fall,  was  every  year  flooded 
by  the  spring  freshets  and  consequently  rendered  un- 
suitable for  the  agricultural  pursuits  upon  which  the 
Fathers  depended  so  much  to  civilize  their  Indian 
neophytes.  Father  DeSmet  started  out  into  the  wilder- 
ness accompanied  by  some  Indians,  to  find  a  new  and 
more  suitable  location  for  the  Mission.  This  was  found 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  from 
what  is  now  known  as  Cataldo.  Grounds  for  the  mis- 
sion buildings  were  selected  on  a  hill  between  the  river 
and  the  forest,  on  either  side  of  which  was  an  extensive 
prairie.  At  this  point  the  river  widens  into  a  beautiful 
bay,  making  of  the  location  an  ideal  one  for  the  purpose 
intended.  It  was  there  that  in  1853  was  begun  by 
Fathers  Gazzoli  and  Ravalli,  who  had  assumed  charge 
of  the  mission  two  years  previously,  the  building  of  the 
first  Catholic  church  erected  in  Idaho.  That  structure 
still  stands,  a  silent  witness  to  the  zeal  and  energy  of 
the  Jesuit  Fathers,  about  sixteen  miles  from  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  lake,  where  the  steamboats  make  their  upper 
landing.  There  are  many  stirring  events  in  the  history 
of  the  "Old  Mission"  building  which  make  it  especially 
cherished  in  the  minds  of  all  early  settlers  in  the  north- 
west. Beneath  its  moss  covered  roof  have  rested  ! 
Generals  Sherman,  Sheridan,  Isaac  Stevens  and  others 
prominent  in  the  civil  and  military  history  of  this  sec- 
tion. Father  Ravalli  drew  the  plans  for  the  imposing 
structure  which  the  Indians  under  his  direction  and  that 
of  Brother  Magri  executed.  Brother  Magri  was  a 
skilled  carpenter  and  engineer  who  also  built  a  dwelling 
house  for  the  Fathers,  a  horse-power  grist  mill,  a  bak- 
ery and  other  necessary  small  buildings,  besides  a 
large  storage  barn  and  stable.  The  buildings,  with  the 
exception  of  the  church  and  a  small  dwelling  were  de- 
stroyed by  fire  in  March,  1867.  They  were  afterwards 
rebuilt.  The  magnitude  of  the  task  undertaken  by  the 
Fathers  and  the  untutored  savages  mav  partly  be  real- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


757 


izecl  when  one  reflects  that  they  had  at  their  disposal 
none  of  the  tools  and  conveniences  for  building  which 
are  considered  indispensable  in  civilized  communities. 
They  manufactured  trucks,  harnessed  themselves  to 
them,  and  brought  down  the  timber,  rocks,  etc.,  to  the 
spot  selected.  They  had  no  nails,  so  they  turned  out 
wooden  substitutes  which  to  this  day  hold  the  different 
parts  of  the  building  together.  The  roil  men  of  the 
forest  received  no  pay  and  asked  none ;  but  worked 
solely  for  the  honor  and  glory  of  God.  Not  to  be  al- 
lowed to  work  on  the  building-  was  considered  severe 
punishment,  which  was  sometimes  inflicted  '"or  dis- 
obedience to  orders  to  the  great  humiliation  of  the 
culprit. 

That  the  Jesuits  did  not  always  have  smooth  sail- 
ing with  their  Indian  converts  is  evidenced  by  the  war 
made  upon  the  government  troops  in  1858,  in  which 
the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  in  spite  of  the  efforts  made  by 
Father  Joset  to  dissuade  them,  took  an  active  pn.rt.  In 
consequence  of  this  rebellion  the  Fathers  resolved  .to 
abandon  the  Mission  ;  but  General  Clarke,  commander 
of  the  Department  of  the  Columbia,  and  Colonel 
Wrerht,  who  had  led  the  expedition  against  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes  and  other  tribes,  and  had  defeated  them, 
urged  the  missionaries  to  stay  at  their  posts,  saying: 
"These  Coeur  d'Alene  Indians  will  yet  become  good." 
Their  present  condition  fully  verifies  that  prophecy. 

Because  of  the  decision  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  which  left  the  mission  outside  of  the  Indian 
reservation  and  because,  as  the  Indians  became  civi- 
lized, there  was  need  of  more  arable  land  than  could 
be  found  in  the  region  of  the  old  mission,  the  fathers 
removed  in  1880  to  the  spot  now  known  as  DeSmet. 
DeSmet  Mission  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  rich  agri- 
cultural district  about  ten  miles  from  Tekoa,  Wash- 
ington. Anyone  desirous  of  convincing  himself  of 
the  success  of  the  Jesuits  in  civilizing  and  christianiz- 
ing the  Coeur  d'Alenes  has  but  to  pay  a  visit  to  that 
mission  and  to  the  reservation  of  which  it  is  the  cen- 
ter. The  neat  farm  houses,  the  well-tilled  fields,  and 
the  general  appearance  of  prosperity  visible  every- 
where, show  that  the  savages,  whose  excessive  cruelty 
distinguished  them  among  the  neighboring  tribes,  are 
now  peaceable  and  thrifty  farmers,  a  credit  to  their 
teachers  and  pastors. 

DeSmet  is  located  near  Hangman's  Creek,  on  the 
slope  of  a  range  of  hills  probably  four  or  five  miles 
from  the  southern  boundary  line  of  Kootenai  county. 
The  location  is  a  beautiful  one  and  is  peculiarly  adapted 
to  the  needs  of  the  mission.  Since  its  establishment 
in  1880  many  changes  and  improvements  have  been 
made.  There  is  now  located  here  the  St.  Mary's  con- 
vent, a  school  for  girls.  The  educational  work 
among  the  Indian  girls  is  under  the  direction  of  Sis- 
ter Jane  de  Chantal,  who  is  Mother  Superior  of  the 
convent.  She  has  an  efficient  corps  of  assistants  all 
belonging  to  the  order  of  the  Sisters  of  Providence. 
There  are  at  present  about  sixty  pupils  attending  the 
convent.  The  convent  building  is  a  modern  structure 
with  all  needed  conveniences. 

There  is  also  a  school  for  Indian  boys  under 
charge  of  Father  Caruana,  assisted  by  Father  Schuler. 


Here  many  of  the  youths  of  the  tribe  are  educated,  not 
a  few  of  them  going  from  this  institution  to  the  larger 
Indian  schools  in  the  east.  A  good  two-story  build- 
ing has  been  erected  for  school  purposes.  Besides 
these'  two  school  buildings,  there  is  an  attractive 
church  building  too  by  70  feet,  whose  foundations 
were  laid  in  1881,  and  a  large  house  occupied  by  Fa- 
ther Caruana  and  Schuler  and  fitted  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  visiting  priests  and  missionaries.  There  are 
also  other  structures  for  use  in  school  and  church 
work.  In  addition  to  the  money  expended  on  church 
and  convent  buildings,  twenty  thousand  dollars  have 
been  spent  in  the  other  necessary  structures.  All 
buildings  have  been  erected  by  the  church,  without  any 
assistance  from  the  government.  All  government  aid 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  school  ceased  in  1900.  A 
short  distance  from  the  mission  buildings  the  In- 
dians have  built  a  village,  the  counterpart  of  which 
probably  does  not  appear  any  where  else  in  the  coun- 
try. The  buildings  range  from  the  merest  shack  or 
shed,  costing  a  few  dollars,  to  modern  two-story  frame 
structures,  costing  several  thousand  dollars.  There 
has  apparently  been  some  effort  to  plat  the  village 
with  streets,  but  they  have  succeeded  in  forming 
only  narrow  alleys  where  there  is  scarcely  room  for 
teams  to  pass.  The  houses  are  crowded  together,  the 
shack  beside  the  more  pretentious  dwelling,  and  face 
in  all  directions  without  regard  to  the  so-called  street. 
There  are,  perhaps,  one  hundred  and  fifty  of  these 
dwellings  in  the  collection.  There  are  no  fences,  or 
walks,  or  trees,  and  the  greater  portion  of  the  time 
there  are  no  dwellers  within  the  habitations.  Many  of 
the  Indians  live  from  twenty-five  to  seventy-five  miles 
from  the  mission.  During  church  festival  and  fast- 
ing periods  the  farm  houses  are  deserted  and  there  is  a 
concerted  movement  toward  the  village.  Every  year 
these  people  assemble  to  make  novenas  for  Christmas, 
Easter,  Corpus  Christi,  and  the  Feast  of  the  Sacred 
Heart.  During  these  novenas  they  move  their  fami- 
lies to  their  mission  homes.  From  hill  and  valley 
wagons  containing  the  whole  household,  not  excluding 
the  dogs,  may  be  seen  slowly  trundling  to  the  mission. 
Buggies  and  other  modern  conveyances  are  also  to  be 
seen ;  the  more  stalwart  and  daring  of  both  sexes, 
however,  come  on  horseback.  The  horses  are  un- 
harnessed, hobbled  and  turned  out  to  graze.  Smoke 
begins  curling  out  of  the  cottage  chimneys.  The  si- 
lent village  suddenly  teems  with  life.  For  a  season 
the  time  is  occupied  in  attending  religious  exercises 
and  in  the  interim,  engaging  in  all  sorts  of  out  door 
sports  and  pastimes.  The  great  majority  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church 
and  are  devout  and  diligent  observers  of  all  its  cere- 
monies. As  an  illustration  of  their  strict  observance 
of  these  forms  and  of  their  faithfulness  in  living  the 
doctrines  of  the  church,  an  incident  or  two  may  be 
related. 

As  has  been  stated,  when  the  village  is  occupied 
during  seasons  of  special  religion  observances,  a  por- 
tion of  the  time  is  spent  in  social  enjoyments  and  in 
games.  Base  ball  is  "a  favorite  game  with  the  Indian 
youths.  One  afternoon  in  the  summer  of  1902  when 


753 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  tribe  was  gathered  at  the  village,  a  sight  that 
could  hardly  find  its  counterpart  anywhere  occurred 
in  the  midst  of  an  evening  baseball  game.  The  batter 
knocked  a  "high  fly,"  and  nimble  and  emulous  hands 
were  endeavoring  to  catch  it,  when  suddenly  the  An- 
gelus  bell  tolled.  The  ball  was  abandoned  to  follow 
the  way  of  its  momentum,  and  players  and  spectators, 
with  uncovered  heads  and  on  their  knees,  devoutly 
recited  the  Angelic  Salutation.  Some  United  States 
Treaty  commissioners,  who  met  the  Indians  in  solemn 
council,  were  surprised  to  have  their  deliberations 
unexpectedly  interrupted  by  all  the  Indians,  who,  with- 
out a  preconcerted  sign,  fell  on  their  knees,  made  the 
Sign  of  the  Cross,  and  spent  some  time  in  prayer. 
Again  it  was  the  Angelus  bell. 

Their  high  sense  of  the  purest  morality  is  evi- 
denced by  an  illustration  as  brave  as  it  is  instructive. 
One  of  the  half-breeds  (there  are  only  about  half  a 
dozen  or  so  on  the  reservation)  deserted  his  wife, 
secured  a  divorce  and  married  another  woman.  The 
Indians  protested  to  the  agent  that  they  would  not, 
could  not,  tolerate  this  on  their  reservation.  The 
agent  contended  that  the  couple  were  legally  divorced 

and  could  not  be  molested.  The  reply  was :  "A • 

Las  forsaken  his  wife  and  taken  up  with  another 

woman;  our  children  know  and  see  A 's  real  wife 

constantly :  they  see  him  living  with  the  other  woman ; 
we  know  nothing  about  the  white  man's  divorce,  but  we 
do  know  that  our  children  see  this  scandalous  example, 
and  the  criminals  must  leave  the  reservation."  And 
they  did  leave.  Sixty  years  ago  these  Coeur  d'Alenes 
were  confirmed  polygamists. 

Since  the  death  of  Father  Joset,  who  was  for  so 
many  years  connected  both  with  the  old  mission  and 
the  DeSmet  mission,  Father  Joseph  M.  Caruana  has 
been  in  full  charge  of  the  work.  Father  Caruana  has 
been  here  and  at  the  old  mission  continuously  since 
1880.  This,  however,  is  his  third  period  of  service 
among  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  He  came  to  the  old  mis- 
sion first  in  1862,  and  has  spent  in  all,  over  forty 
years  as  an  Indian  Missionary.  The  Indians  hold  him 
"in  great  reverence,  and  his  influence  over  them  is 
wonderful.  He  has  taught  them  honesty  and  justice, 
and  they  believe  him  implicitly.  Thieving  is  un- 
known on  the  reservation.  If  anything  of  value  has 
been  lost  and  is  found  by  an  Indian,  the  finder  takes  the 
article  to  Father  Caruana  and  in  course  of  time  it  is 
returned  to  the  rightful  owner,  as  nearly  all  members 
of  the  tribe  pay  regular  visits  to  the  priest.  If  an 
article  of  lesser  value  be  found,  such  as  a  halter,  a 
pipe,  a  pouch  of  tobacco,  a  spur,  a  piece  of  machinery, 
it  is  carried  to  the  gate  leading  to  Father  Caruana's 
house,  and  hung  or  placed  on  the  fence,  or  post,  where 
the  loser  eventually  finds  it. 

According  to  Sub-Indian  Agent  Charles  O.  Wor- 
ley,  there  are  now  on  the  reservation  seven  hundred 
and  seventeen  Indians.  This  number  includes  a  few 
Spokane  Indians.  The  present  chief  is  Pierre  Wild- 
shoe,  written  by  the  priests  "  Weilsholegu,"  and  the  sub- 
chief  is  Peter'  Moctilwa.  There  is  an  Indian  police 
force  of  ten  members,  but  it  is  very  seldom  that  their 
services  are  required.  About  the  only  offense  there 


is  to  deal  with  is  that  of  drunkenness.  On  rare  occa- 
sions an  Indian  secures  liquor  at  Tekoa  or  Harrison, 
and  when  such  a  thing  occurs  the  offender  is  given 
a  quick  trial  and  commensurate  punishment.  All  the  i 
reservation  Indians  are  well-to-do,  and  many  of  them 
are  wealthy.  Wealth,  however,  has  no  influence  before 
an  Indian  tribunal.  In  October,  1902,  one  of  the  poorer 
Indians  accompanied  by  a  wealthy  friend  who  had  a  j 
bank  account  of  several  thousand  dollars,  went  to 
Harrison,  secured  liquor  and  became  intoxicated. 
They  were  arrested  at  Harrison,  confined  in  the  city  , 
jail  over  night  and  fined  for  disorderly  conduct.  After 
their  return  to  the  reservation  Chief  'Wildshoe  heard 
of  their  escapade,  sent  his  police  after  them,  gave  them 
a  trial,  and  sentenced  them  to  several  weeks  in  the 
Indian  jail  at  the  mission,  and  there  they  stayed, 
under  guard,  the  poor  and  the  rich  together,  until  the 
expiration  of  the  sentence.  Cash  fines  for  such  offenses 
are  not  imposed  and  bail  is  never  accepted. 

Criminals  or  "bad  Indians"  are  almost  unknown 
among  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  They  have  been  a  very 
few  exceptions.  For  an  outrage  committed  near  De 
Smet,  Basille  Adrain  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary,  where 
he  died  after  seven  months'  confinement.  Paul  Harry 
was  another  "bad  Indian"  who  made  a  criminal  rec- 
ord. In  the  summer  of  1887  he  murdered  a  half- 
breed  Indian  woman,  named  Mrs.  Peavy,  and  her 
child,  near  Farmington,  Washington,  on  the  reserva- 
tion. He  was  arrested  and  placed  in  charge  of  a 
squaw  who  permitted  him  to  escape.  After  hiding  in 
the  mountains  for  several  months  he  returned  to  the 
reservation,  was  re-arrested  and  jailed  at  Rathdrum. 
After  several  months'  confinement,  with  the  assistance 
of  a  white  man  who  was  sharing  his  imprisonment,  he 
broke  jail  and  went  back  to  his  former  haunts,  send- 
ing word  to  Sheriff  William  Martin  that  he  had  des- 
perate Indian  friends  with  him,  and  that  if  he  (Martin) 
came  after  him  he  would  meet  a  warm  reception. 
Sheriff  Martin  went  to  the  reservation,  re-arrested 
him,  single  handed  and  alone,  and  returned  him  to  the 
jail.  The  Indian  was  afterwards  admitted  to  bail 
in  the  sum  of  $100,  and,  for  some  unexplained  cause, 
was  never  prosecuted  for  the  murder.  A  few  years 
after  the  commission  of  this  crime,  however,  he"  was 
convicted  of  horse  stealing  and  died  after  a  few  months' 

imPWildshw  succcedPedniChiefr)Andrew  Saltice.  who 
died  April  20,  1902.  The  older  chiefs  of  the  tribe 
in  the  time  of  Fathers  DeSmet  and  Joset  were  Chiefs 
Basha  and  Vincent.  These  chiefs  were  leaders  in 
many  of  the  tribal  wars  in  early  days  and  in  the  wars 
against  United  States  troops  in"  the  'fifties. 

The  Coeur  d'Alene  Indians'  reservation  originally 
extended  as  far  north  as  the  Spokane  river,  spread 
east  into  Shoshone  county,  and  included  the  region  of 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines,  and  west  into  Washington, 
including  territory  in  the  region  now  occupied  by 
Spokane,  Rockford,  Tekoa,  Farmington  and  Palouse. 
The  government  seems  never  to  have  made  any  special 
acknowledgement  of  the  rights  of  the  Indians  to  this 
territory,  although  there  was  a  tacit  acknowledgement 
when  Governor  Stevens  was  sent  in  1870  and  1871 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  treat  with  the  Spokane  Indians  and  endeavor  to 
induce  them  to  move  into  the  Coeur  d'Alene  reserva- 
tion. This  was  repeated  in  1887  when  the  government 
appointed  John  V.  Wright,  Jarred  W.  Daniels  and 
Henry  W.  Andrews,  a  commission  to  purchase  from 
the  Coeur  d'Alenes  all  of  this  Washington  territory. 
A  treaty  was  made,  which  was  not  ratified  until  1891, 
by  which  the  lands  were  ceded  for  a  consideration 
of  $150,000.  In  1889  another  commission,  composed 
of  Benjamin  Simpson,  John  H.  Shoup  and  Napoleon 
B.  Humphrey,  was  sent  to  treat  with  the  Indians.  In 
September,  1889,  a  treaty  was  signed,  ceding  to  the 
government  the  northern  and  eastern  portions  of  their 
reservation.  This  included  on  the  west  of  Lake  Coeur 
d'Alene  all  lands  south  of  Spokane  river  to  a  line  about 
eight  miles  south  of  the  north  line  of  township  forty- 
eight.  It  also  included  the  region  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
mines  on  the  east.  The  consideration  was  $500,000, 
and  the  treaty  was  ratified  by  Congress  February  18, 
1891.  By  the  terms  of  this  treaty  the  government 
agreed  that  none  of  the  remaining  lands  of  the  reserva- 
tion should  ever  be  sold,  opened  to  white  settlement  or 
otherwise  disposed  of  without  the  consent  of  the  In- 
dians residing  thereon.  The  reservation  is  now  wholly 
within  Kootenai  county,  and  the  north  boundary  on 
the  east  side  of  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  is  a  short  distance 
below  the  north  line  of  township  forty-seven.  This 
line  leaves  the  lake  less  than  a  mile  south  of  the  town 
of  Harrison.  At  the  time  of  this  sale  to  the  govern- 
ment each  Indian  received  as  his  share  of  the  purchase 
money  $1,033.  Among  the  Indians,  as  among  the 
whites,  there  are  wise  men  and  there  are  foolish  men. 
Many  of  the  Indians  invested  their  money  in  loans,  in 
stock  and  in  comfortable  dwellings.  A  great  deal 
of  it  was  invested  in  wire  for  fencing.  As  there  has 
been  no  allotment  of  lands  to  the  members  of  this 
tribe,  and  as  there  is  a  great  surplus  of  land,  each 
Indian  may  fence  as  much  as  he  chooses.  In  one  in- 
stance at  the  time  of  this  sale,  an  Indian,  named  Daniel 
Quenemosa,  expended  the  entire  thousand  dollars  in 
barbed  wire  and  fenced  in  several  thousand  acres,  the 
greater  portion  of  which  he  has  no  use  for  whatever. 
It  is  said  that  another  member  of  the  tribe  had  visited 
Spokane  a  number  of  times  and  had  witnessed  funeral 

B-ocessions  headed  by  plumed  hearses  with  glass  sides, 
is  ambition  was  to"  own  such  a  vehicle  for  a  family 
carryall.  When  he  received  his  money  he  went  to 
Spokane,  paid  $900  for  a  hearse,  to  which  he  hitched 
his  team  of  cayuses,  and  into  which  he  loaded  his 
family,  consisting  of  a  wife  and  several  children,  and 
mounting  the  seat,  drove  proudly  through  the  streets 
and  on  to  his  reservation  home. 

The  Coeur  d'Alenes  have  abandoned  all  distinctive 
features  of  Indian  tribal  life,  such  as  the  blanket,  tepee, 
dances,  unshorn  hair,  etc.  Indian  costumes  have  long 
since  been  laid  aside  and  the  dress  of  civilization 
adopted.  In  general  appearances  aside  from  the  rugged 
Indian  faces  they  can  hardly  be  distinguished  from 
their  "pale-face"  brethren.  In  the  descriptive  chap- 
ter of  Kootenai  county  will  be  found  information  con- 
cerning the  farming  industry  as  followed  by  the  In- 
dians and  the  results  that  have  been  obtained.' 


The  government  looks  after  the  tribe  through  Gen- 
eral Indian  Agent  Albert  M.  Anderson.  Sub-Indian 
Agent  Charles  O.  Worley  has  been  stationed  on  the 

gineer  at  the  government  flour  and  saw  mills  north  of 
DeSmet.  Next  to  the  "black  gowns"  Mr.  Worley  is 
held  in  highest  esteem  by  the  Indians.  He  is  consulted 
in  matters  of  business  and  in  all  other  affairs  his  au- 
thority is  universally  respected. 

There  are  no  authentic  accounts  of  the  presence  of 
white  men  in  extreme  northern  Idaho  during  the 
forties  excepting  the  fur  traders  and  missionaries. 
In  April,  1853,  Isaac  I.  Stevens,  who  had  just  been 
appointed  governor  of  the  territory  of  Washington, 
started  west  from  St.  Paul  to  explore  a  route  from 
the  sources  of  the  Mississippi  river  to  Puget  Sound. 
In  Gov.  Stevens's  report  of  this  journey,  we  find  de- 
scriptions of  the  Spokane  river,  Coeur  d'Alene  river 
and  lake,  St.  Joe  river,  Clark's  Fork  of  the  Columbia, 
and  Pend  Oreille  lake.  This  is  evidence  that  he  had 
his  company  spent  some  time  in  the  central  portion  of 
the  Kootenai  county  of  today.  The  Stevens  expedi- 
tion was  in  pursuance  of  the  act  of  congress  in  the 
same  year  appropriating  $150,000  for  the  exploration 
of  a  northern  route  across  the  continent.  From  the 
fact  that  Mr.  Stevens  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  in  Washington  territory 
in' 1857,  we  assume  that  his  descriptions  of  the  country 
had  much  to  do  with  the  selection  of  a  route  for  that 
road  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  later,  and  that  con- 
sequently his  visit  and  explorations  had  a  very  direct 
bearing  and  influence  upon  the  settlement  and  develop- 
ment of  the  country. 

On  August  n,  1856,  a  law  was  passed  by  Congress 
authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  commission  to  unite 
with  a  similar  commission  to  be  appointed  by  Great 
Britain  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  into  effect  the  first 
article  of  the  treaty  of  June  15,  1846,  that  was  to 
determine  and  mark  the  boundary  line  between  the 
United  States  and  the  British  possessions  westward 
from  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1857,  Hon.  Archibald  Campbell  was  appointed 
commissioner  for  the  United  States,  and  Lieutenant 
John  G.  Parks,  U.  S.  A.,  was  appointed  chief  astrono- 
mer and  surveyor.  Three  commissioners  were  ap- 
pointed by  Great  Britain.  Captains  Prevost  and  Rich- 
ards, of  the  Royal  Navy,,  were  first  and  second  com- 
missioners, respectively,  their  duties  being  limited  to 
the  determination  of  the  water  boundary  referred  to 
as  "the  Channel  which  separates  the  Continent  from 
Vancouver's  Island."  In  the  summer  of  1858,  Col. 
J.  S.  Hawkins,  Royal  Engineers,  appointed  by  the 
British  Government  commissioner,  to  determine  the 
boundary  line  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  arrived 
in  the  United  States  prepared  for  field  operations.  At 
a  meeting  of  the  joint  commission  the  following  agree- 
ment relating  to  the  plan  of  work  was  entered  into: 
After  discussing  plans  for  determining  and  marking 
the  line  as  far  eastward  as  the  Cascade  mountains,  it 
was  concluded  to  be  inexpedient  at  that  time,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  great  expense,  consumption  of  time, 
and  the  impracticable  nature  of  the  country,  to  mark 


76o 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  whole  boundary  by  cutting  a  track  through  the 
dense  forest.  It  was  therefore  agreed  to  approach 
the  forty-ninth  parallel  in  accessible  regions,  and  from 
fixed  points,  cut  a  track  through  the  forest,  not  less 
than  twenty  feet  in  width  on  each  side  for  the  distance 
of  half  a  mile  or  more,  according  to  circumstances. 
Further,  that  the  boundary  be  similarly  marked  where 
it  crosses  streams  of  any  size,  permanent  trails,  or 
any  striking  natural  feature  of  the  country.  In  the 
vicinity  of  settlements  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  cut 
the  track  for  a  greater  distance  and  to  mark  the  bound- 
ary with  stone  monuments.  The  work  was  prosecuted 
through  the  summers  of  1858,  1859  and  1860,  but 
owing  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  war,  all  opera- 
tions were  suspended,  and  have  never  been  renewed. 
The  work  of  running  and  marking  the  boundary  was 
carried  on  through  a  country  previously  almost  un- 
known. The  forty-ninth  parallel  extends  for  the 
greater  part  of  the  distance  over  rugged  and  precipi- 
tous mountains  that  attain  a  great  elevation  and  it 
•was  found  impossible  to  follow  it  continuously.  In 
some  instances  trails  were-  opened  from  the  south  to 
the  boundary,  through  regions  of  comparatively  low 
elevations,  involving  great  labor  in  cutting,  grading 
and  bridging  to  make  the  route  practicable  for  pack- 
mule  transportation.  Water  courses  were  numerous 
and  rapid,  rendering  fords  frequent  and  dangerous, 
and  a  slight  rise  of  many  of  the  streams  would  have 
made  them  impassable  but  for  the  timely  precaution 
of  building  bridges  at  small  streams  and  ferryboats 
at  the  river  crossings.  Many  of  the  trails  opened  are 
now  traveled  routes  to  the  mines  then  and  since  dis- 
covered. In  this  way  the  boundary  was  marked  from 
the  Sound  east  about  400  miles,  or  to  a  point  in  Mon- 
tana east  of  the  valley  of  the  Kootenai  river.  During 
the  summers  of  1858  and  1859  one  of  these  trails  was 
made  through  Kootenai  county.  Its  course  was  from 
the  old  Plante  ferry  on  the  Spokane  river,  via  the 
present  locations  of  Rathdrum  and  Seneaquoteen  to 
a  joint  on  the  Pend  Oreille  river  twelve  miles  below 
the  Campfield  ferry ;  thence  in  a  northeasterly  direction 
to  the  present  site  of  Bonner's  Ferry ;  thence  down  the 
Kootenai  valley  to  the  vicinity  of  what  is  now  Port- 
hill.  This  route  afterward  became  known  as  the  Wild 
Horse  trail.  Two  hundred  yards  from  the  K.  V. 
lailroad  depot  at  Porthill  may  be  seen  one  of  the  In- 
ternational Boundary  stones.  The  exact  lire  is  marked 
by  a  post  which  is  beneath  the  earth's  surface*  and  over 
this  is  heaped  a  mound  of  rough  stone.  There  are  two 
of  these  monuments  on  the  Kootenai  county  line,  the 
one  described  at  Porthill  and  a  similar  one  where  the 
.  Mooyie  creek  trail  crosses  the  International  Boundary, 
thirty-two  miles  from  Bonner's  Ferry.  When  we  con- 
sider the  great  dangers  that  were  faced  and  the  almost 
insurmountable  difficulties  that  were  encountered  by 
the  members  of  the  commission  in  a  wild  and  unex- 
plored wilderness,  some  idea  may  be  had  of  the  her- 
culean task  performed  by  these  fearless  agents  of  the 
government.  The  mounds  and  the  cleared  spaces  con- 
stitute a  magnificent  testimonial  to  the  men  who  ac- 
complished the  work  after  "fifty-four,  forty,  or  fight" 


had  resulted  in  the  Ashburton  treatv  and  something 
less  than  fifty-four  forty  without  a  fight. 

One  of  the  most  important  undertakings,  and  one 
whose  history  is  closely  interwoven  with  that  of  all 


(859  and  1861.  inclusive,  of  the  famous  Mullan  road. 
This  highway  extended  from  old  Fort  Walla  Walla, 
now  Wallula,  Washington,  to  the  head  of  navigation 
on  the  Missouri  river  at  Fort  Benton,  Montana.  While 
sections  of  the  road  lay  across  stretches  of  rolling 
prairies  where  extensive  construction  work  was  not 
necessary,  the  greater  part  of  the  distance  traversed 
was  one  of  the  most  broken  and  mountainous  regions 
of  the  country;  a  region  which  the  railroads  after- 
wards found  the  most  difficult  to  cross  of  any  be- 
tween the  Mississippi  river  and  the  coast.  Over  this 
road  passed  thousands  of  emigrants  in  the  sixties  and 
seventies,  and  from  1860  to  1881  it  was  practically 
the  only  highway  of  travel  between  Montana,  North- 
ern Idaho,  Washington  and  Oregon.  A  book,  now 
out  of  print,  written  by  Captain  John  Mullan,  the 
builder  of  this  road,  and  entitled  "The  Construction 
of  a  Military  Road,"  gives  a  detailed  account  of  the 
expedition  and  of  the  great  work  that  was  performed. 
We  have  had  access  to  a  copy  of  this  old  volume 
which  we  found  in  the  public  library  at  Portland. 
The  road  was  built  directly  across  Kootenai  and  Sho- 
shone  counties,  Idaho,  entering  the  state  at  a  point 
on  the  Spokane  river  a  few  miles  southwest  of  the 
present  site  of  Hauser,  known  at  various  periods  in 
the  past  as  Antoine  Plante's  Ferry,  Cowley's  Ferry 
and  Spokane  Bridge,  passing  the  present  location  of 
the  town  of  Couer  d'Alene,  leaving  Kootenai  and  en- 
tering Shoshone  county  at  "Old  Mission,"  near  the 
present  site  of  the  town  of  Cataldo,  on  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river,  and  leaving  Shoshone  county  and  the 
state  over  what  was  known  as  Sohon's  Pass  through 
the  Bitter  Root  mountains,  near  the  present  town  of 
Mullan.  As  the  history  of  both  counties  is  included 
in  this  volume,  we  will  incorporate  the  story  of  the 
Mullan  road  in  this  chapter.  We  will  allow  Captain 
Mullan  to  tell  the  story  in  his  own  words.  The  fol- 
lowing paragraphs  are  excerpts  from  the  volume  pre- 
viously mentioned: 

"On  the  morning  of  the  i6th  of  July,  1859,  we  re- 
sumed our  march,  moving  eastwardly  for  nine  miles 
over  an  easily  swelling  prairie  region,  timbered  for  the 
last  three  miles,  to  a  point  which  I  had  selected  for  a 
depot  camp,  while  our  work  was  progressing  in  ad- 
vance. We  had  left  the  plains  of  the  Columbia  proper 
and  reached  the  spurs  of  the  Bitter  Root  mountains, 
where  our  more  difficult  work  commenced.  We  had 
chosen  for  our  location  a  line  which,  jutting  upon  the 
southern  edge  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  "lake,  would  fol- 
low up  for  four  miles  the  valley  of  the  St.  Joe  river : 
when  crossing  it  would  make  the  most  direct  line 
across  the  divide  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river;  thence 
up  the  valley  of  that  stream  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
mission.  Our  first  work  of  difficulty  was  to  make 
the  descent  of  seven  hundred  feet  from  the  table  land 
to  the  valley  of  the  St.  Joe.  Several  points  were  ex- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


761 


amined,  but  none  afforded  a  natural  descent,  and  I 
was  forced  to  make  one  over  a  long  spur  making 
down  to  the  lake  at  the  juncture  of  the  St.  Joe  river 
with  the  outlet  of  the  Poun  lake.  Over  the  outlet  a 
bridge  of  sixty  feet  was  constructed.  This  piece  of 
excavation  was  rocky  and  difficult,  but  the  bridge  was 
completed  in  eight  days.  I  then  moved  the  entire 
camp  four  miles  up  the  valley  of  the  St.  Joe  to  the 
point  selected  for  crossing.  We  immediately  set  the 
whip-sawyers  in  the  timber  to  get  out  the  necessary 
timber,  and  some  men  to  burning  tar ;  and,  being  pro- 
vided with  the  necessary  oakum,  we  built  two  flat- 
boats,  forty-two  feet  long,  twelve  feet  broad  and  two 
feet  deep,  one  for  the  St.  Joe  river  and  the  other  for 
the  Coeur  d'Alene.  The  latter,  when  completed,  was 
rowed  down  into  the  lake,  and  thence  up  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river  to  the  point  selected  for  crossing.  While 
this  was  being  accomplished  the  divide  between  the 
two  streams  was  examined,  the  road  marked  out,  and 
several  parties  placed  at  work  upon  it.  This  work 
>  from  the  St.  Joe  crossing  involved  the  building  of  a 
corduroy  road  four  hundred  feet  long  over  a  wet 
section  of  the  river  bottom,  and  a  heavy  excavation 
up  a  suitable  spur  in  order  to  gain  the  divide  seven 
hundred  feet  above.  This  entire  work  occupied  our 
force  until  the  5th  day  of  August,  1859.  During  this 
interval  our  topographers  were  engaged  in  tracing 
the  St.  Joe  to  its  sources  in  the  Bitter  Root  mountains, 
marking  its  tributaries  and  defining  its  boundaries ; 
also  making  a  survey  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  lake. 

"The  line  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  being  com- 
pleted by  the  5th  of  August,  I  moved  the  entire  train 
to  its  left  bank,  where  it  remained  in  camp  until  the 
9th,  when  the  road,  for  nine  miles  up  its  left  bank  to 
the  point  of  crossing,  was  completed.  This  work  con- 
sisted of  a  side  cut  of  a  fourth  of  a  mile  along 
a  broken,  rocky  spur,  jutting  upon  the  river's  edge, 
building  bridges  and  cutting  through  a  slight  growth 
of  timber  near  the  point  of  crossing.  Our  boat  being 
in  readiness,  we  crossed  the  river  on  the  loth  and  re- 
mained on  the  left  bank  until  the  morning  of  the 
i6th,  engaged  with  our  entire  force  m  opening  the 
line  thence  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mission,  which  in- 
volved building  three  bridges,  making  a  cut  of  one 
mile  of  excavation  along  difficult  spurs,  and  cutting 
through  timber  for  three  miles,  which,  when  com- 
pleted, gave  us  an  excellent  road.  On  the  morning 
of  the  i6th  of  August  we  reached  the  mission,  two 
hundred  miles  from  Walla  Walla.  This  was  one  of 
our  fixed  points  from  which  began  our  mountain  work 
proper.  That  this  proved  a  difficult  task  to  handle 
our  three  years  labor  abundantly  proves. 

"Reaching  the  mission  we  determined  to  make  it 
a  depot  point  for  our  train  until  such  time  as  our  work 
in  advance  should  enable  us  to  move  forward.  Plac- 
ing the  depot  under  the  charge  of  Lieutenant  White, 
we  divided  our  force  into  several  sections  and  dis- 
tributed them  along  the  line  of  work  for  ten  miles. 
This  work  consisted  of  timber  cutting  and  clearing, 
building  small  bridges,  corduroying  wherever  the 
ground  was  wet  and  marshy  and  making  side  cuts 
wherever  it  was  sidling  or  where  the  formation  of  the 


spurs  compelled  it.  Crossing  the  Coeur  d'Alene  a 
a  mile  above  the  mission  we  lost  sight  of  the  river  till 
reaching  the  Four  Mile  prairie,  a  point  four  miles  be- 
yond, and  again  lost  sight  of  it  until  reaching  a  point 
we  called  the  Ten  Mile  prairie.  This  section  of  the 
road  for  the  first  four  miles  passes  mostly  through 
a  timbered  region  and  along  the  south  foot  of  the 
spurs;  making  back  for  the  river  until  it  reaches  the 
Four  Mile  prairie;  after  which  it  again  enters  a  tim- 
bered region  till  reaching  the  Seven  Mile  prairie,  and 
then  again  through  timber  until  it  reaches  Ten  Mile 
prairie.  The  work  from  the  mission  to  the  Ten  Mile 
prairie  occupied  us  until  the  I7th  of  August,  when 
we  again  brought  forward  our  entire  train  to  the  new 
depot.  Every  one  was  moved  except  the  astronom- 
ical party  under  Mr.  Weisner  and  Mr.  Koleski,  who 
were  left  at  the  mission  during  a  lunation  to  fix  the 
position  of  that  point.  Our  position  at  Walla  Walla 
had  already  been  determined  by  a  six  weeks'  series  of 
observation,  and  our  plan  was  to  occupy  as  many 
fixed  points  as  time  and  circumstances  would  allow. 

"While  at  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mission  we  had  sent 
out  two  parties  to  explore  and  bring  back  such  data 
as  would  guide  our  judgment  in  our  further  move- 
ments. The  one  was  assigned  to  Mr.  P.  M.  Engle, 
whose  duties  were  to  cross  the  bed  of  mountains  along 
the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  and  strike 
the  Clark's  Fork  at  or  near  Thompson's  prairie,  in 
order  to  see  if  the  country  along  this  route  was 
adapted  to  a  cheap  location.  In  this  undertaking  he 
was  provided  with  the  necessary  Indian  guides  and 
outfits,  and  directed  to  pursue  his  examinations  up 
the  Clark's  Fork  to  the  Pend  Oreille  mission,  and 
return  by  way  of  the  Bitter  Roots,  recrossing  the 
mountain's  via'Sohon's  Pass  and  thence  to  our  camp. 
This  was  fully  and  satisfactorily  accomplished,  and  de- 
veloped the  fact  that  the  features  of  the  mountains 
precluded  the  possibility  of  securing  a  line  in  that 
direction.  The  second  party  was  placed  in  charge  of 
Mr.  Sohon,  with  directions  to  pass  rapidly  forward 
and  mark  in  a  general  manner  the  location;  to  ascer- 
tain the  best  point  of  passage  over  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
mountains,  and  to  continue  his  examination  down  the 
valley  of  St.  Regis  Borgia  to  the  Bitter  Roots,  and 
thence  up  to  the  Hell's  Gate  valley.  For  this  pur- 
pose he,  too,  was  provided  with  the  best  Indian  guides 
we  could  procure,  and  fulfilled  his  mission  satis- 
factorily, returning  to  camp  by  the  I5th  of  September. 
From  my  own  knowledge  of  the  country,  and  the  ad- 
ditional 'data  brought  in  by  Mr.  Sohon.  I  saw  that 
we  had  to  content  ourselves  with  the  cheapest  loca- 
tion that  the  peculiar  features  of  the  valleys  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  and  St.  Regis  Borgia  warranted.  Both 
of  these  valleys  were  densely  timbered,  with  here  and 
there  a  prairie  affording  scanty  grass.  Both  of  the 
valleys  at  points  verged  toward  canyons,  and  their 
rivers  were  serpentine  in  their  course,  leaving  alter- 
nate flats  and  spurs  along  their  banks :  hence  the  char- 
acter of  the  streams  necessitated  frequent  crossings 
or  tong  and  difficult  side  cuts  to  avoid  them.  The 
latter  was  a  work  of  great  magnitude,  and  incompat- 
ible with  the  means  at  our  disposal ;  hence  the  former 


762 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  our  only  alternative.  Our  work,  consequently, 
from  the  i6th  day  of  August  to  the  4th  of  December, 
1859,  consisted  in  cutting  through  this  densely  tim- 
bered section  of  one  hundred  miles,  building  small 
bridges  where  required,  and  grading  in  thousands  of 
places,  made  necessary  by  the  physical  nature  of  the 
country.  We  likewise  graded  an  ascent  of  one  and 
three-fourths  miles,  to  the  summit  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
mountains.  This  work  was  heavy,  and  in  so  brief 
a  report  as  herewith  given  justice  cannot  be  done  to 
the  industry  and  fortitude  of  the  men  while  mastering 
this  wilderness  section.  The  standing  timber  was 
dense  and  the  fallen  timber  that  had  accumulated  for 
ages  formed  an  intricate  jungle  well  calculated  to  im- 
press one  with  the  character  of  impracticability.  Suf- 
fice it  to  say  that  we  mastered  the  many  difficulties 
with  which  its  construction  was  fraught  and  reached 
our  winter  camp  in  the  St.  Regis  Borgia  valley  on  the 
4th  of  December." 

Facts  which  came  to  the  knowledge  of  Captain 
Mullan  later  caused  him  to  make  changes  in  the  road 
during  the  summer  of  1861,  of  which  he  thus  speaks: 

"From  what  I  had  seen  of  the  wet  and  mucky 
character  of  the  St.  Joe  valley  in  early  spring,  I  found 
that  we  should  be  compelled  this  season  to  cross  the 
Snake  river  and  skirt  the  northern  rim  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  lake,  opening  a  new  section  of  thirty  miles 
from  the  lake  to  the  mission.  To  this  end  I  had  the 
line  explored  in  September.  1861,  by  Mr.  W.  W. 
Johnson.  Crossing  the  Snake  by  the  2Oth  of  May, 
we  worked  the  road  up  the  bluffs  on  its  right  bank 
and  gained  the  table  land,  where  we  had  no  difficulty 
in  making  a  camp  on  the  Palouse,  fourteen  miles  from 
the  former  river. 

"Leaving  the  Palouse  on  the  morning  of  the  2 1st 
of  May,  we  journeyed  over  the  prairie  hills  to  Cow 
creek,  a  distance  of  eleven  miles,  having  an  excellent 
road.  The  Colville  wagon  road  from  Walla  Walla  is 
one  and  the  same  with  our  own  up  to  this  point ;  thence 
it  tends  up  the  Cow  creek,  while  our  own  leads  to- 
ward the  east  in  the  direction  of  Antoine  Plante's 
Ferry  on  the  Spokane.  This  ferry  is  chartered  by  the 
legislature  of  Washington  territory,  and,  being  already 
established  by  a  fixed  settler,  I  determined  to  make 
it  a  point  of  my  route.  Leaving  the  Cow  creek  on  the 

miles  over  an  easy,  open  prairie  country,  with  light 
work  to  Aspen  Grove ;  cold  springs  of  water  were 

to  a  chain  of  lagoons  distant  two  and  one-half  miles, 
for  which  distance  we  still  had  an  excellent  prairie 
road,  and  from  thence  to  Rock  creek,  crossing  it  at 
the  same  point  made  by  our  old  location.  From  Rock 
creek,  in  thirteen  and  one-half  miles  we  reached 
Lake  Williamson.  From  Lake  Williamson  in  six  miles 
we  reached  Hangman's  creek,  the  valley  of  which  is 
four  hundred  feet  below  the  Spokane  plain ;  this  in- 
volved a  cut  of  one-third  of  a  mile,  at  the  end  of 
which  we  reached  the  point  selected  for  the  crossing. 
This  stream  was  now  swollen,  and  we  camped  upon 
it  for  four  days  while  building  a  bridge  fifty  feet 
long.  Having  improved  the  road  in  advance,  we 


moved  on  towards  the  Spokane  at  Antoine  Plante's, 
reaching  that  point  on  the  ist  of  June,  a  distance  of 
one  hundred  and  twelve  and  one-half  miles  from  Fort 
Walla  \Valla.  At  this  point  we  were  joined  by  another 
portion  of  the  escort  which  had  marched  from  Fort 
Colville  under  Lieutenant  Harker,  of  the  Ninth  In- 
fantry;  these  fully  completed  the  complement  of  men 
originally  intended  for  the  expedition. 

"The  ferry  at  Spokane  is  a  good  one,  consisting 
of  a  strong  cable  stretched  across  the  river  and  a  boat 
forty  feet  long.  It  is  kept  by  a  worthy  man,  Antoine 
Plante,  a  half-breed  Flathead  Indian,  who  speaks  both 
French  and  English ;  he  has  a  small  field  under  culti- 
vation on  the  left  bank  near  the  ferry  landing,  from 
which  he  obtains  corn,  wheat  and  vegetables;  these, 
with  the  salmon  found  in  the  river,  form  an  abundant 
supply  for  his  Indian  family.  The  winters  here  are 
generally  mild,  and  stock  range  the  hills  and  plains 

Small  tracts  of  good  soil  are  found  bordering  the 
river,  as  well  as  two  or  three  miles  back;  several 
of  these  are  under  cultivation  by  the  Indians,  and  a 
few  Frenchmen:  one  of  the  finest  of  these  is  on  the 
south  bank,  about  ten  miles  from  Plante's.  in  a  re- 
entering  angle  of  the  mountains;  here  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Indians  have  small  farms  enclosed.  Effect- 
ing safely  the  crossing  of  the  Spokane  river,  which 
is  here  three  hundred  feet  broad  and  eight  deep,  with 
rapid  current  and  high  banks,  on  the  morning  of  the 
3rd  of  June  we  moved  up  its  right  bank  to  a  camp 
at  Seltisse's  farm,  distant  nineteen  miles.  We  had 
an  excellent  road,  fifteen  miles  of  which  was  over 
level  prairie,  and  the  remainder  through  a  beautiful 
open  pine  forest ;  work  in  clearing  away  the  timber 
was  all  that  was  required.  We  passed,  during  this 
march,  an  Indian  burial  ground  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes, 
where  a  cross,  erected  over  each  grave,  testified  the 
cheering  fruits  of  the  labors  of  the  noble  Jesuit  fathers 
in  their  midst.  Seltisse  is  a  worthy  Coeur  d'Alene 
Indian,  who  has  several  acres  under  cultivation,  and 
while  hunting,  fishing  and  tilling  the  soil,  leads  the  life 
of  an  independent  chief.  I  have  always  found  him 
frank,  honest  and  friendly.  From  his  camp  we 
reached  in  four  miles  a  considerable  creek  that  drains 
a  small  sheet  of  water  to  the  north,  and  empties  into 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  lake;  here  we  entered  a  difficult 
belt  of  timber,  extending  for  thirty  miles  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  mission.  I  determined, "  therefore,  to  make 
this  a  depot  point  for  such  provisions  as  we  had  with 
us,  and  sent  a  wagon  train  back  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Palouse,  where  the  steamers  were  to  deposit  the  re- 
mainder. Perfecting  these  arrangements,  I  set  my 
men  at  work,  a  portion  building  a  bridge  over  the 
stream,  and  the  remainder  making  a  side  cut  in  the 
spurs  that  jutted  upon  the  lake.  Mr.  Sohon,  with  a 
small  party  and  an  Indian  guide,  was  kept  in  advance 
to  mark  out  the  road,  and  give  us  in  full  detail  the 
features  of  the  country.  This  thirty  miles  of  new 
road  was  a  difficult  undertaking,  and  occupied  us  until 
the  ist  of  August.  The  country  was  broken  and  un- 
favorable to  our  purposes,  but  we  took  advantage  of 
its  features  as  far  as  possible,  following  the  bottoms 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


763 


of  small  creeks,  and  only  cutting  through  the  dense 
timber  when  it  could  not  be  avoided,  by  these  means 
eventually  securing  a  fair  location.  The  Wolfs  lodge 
prairie,  with  an  area  of  a  square*  mile,  occurs  midway 
between  the  mission  and  the  lake,  and  with  the  fine 
grasses  on  the  hills  that  surround  it  constitutes  a 
fixed  and  favorable  camping  ground.  Traces  of  gold 
|  are  said  to  have  been  found  in  it ;  and  I  myself  came 
across  a  small  camp  of  men  here  on  my  return  from  the 
mission  in  1862.  Quartz  is  found  on  many  of  the 
neighboring  hills,  and  rumor  would  set  forth  that  this 
I  immediate  section  was  favorable  for  gold  develop- 
•  ments.  Reaching  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mission,  we 
united  with  our  old  road  of  1859." 

From  Fort  Walla  Walla  to  Fort  Benton,  via  the 
Mullan  road,  is  six  hundred  and  twenty-four  miles. 
The  object  in  view  in  the  construction  of  the  road,  as 
stated  by  Air.  Mullan,  was  to  open  a  base  line  from 
the  plains  of  the  Spokane,  on  the  west,  to  the  plains 
of  the  Missouri  on  the  east,  from  which  other  lines 
could  subsequently  be  opened,  and  by  means  of  which 
the  correct  geography  of  the  country  could  be  de- 
lineated. Another  object  was  to  ascertain  whether 
there  was  a  practicable  railroad  route  through  the 
valleys  and  a  practicable  pass  through  the  mountains, 
through  which  a  railroad  could  subsequently 
be  built.  These  objects  were  fully  attained 
and  the  road  became  the  most  famous  of  the 
early  routes  of  travel,  broadening  eventually 
into  a  mighty  way  for  a  great  civilization 
from  sea  to  sea.  Pioneer  newspapers  published  in  the 
late  seventies  carried  a  standing  column  which  was 
headed,  "How  to  Get  Here."  These  papers  were  sent 
east  for  the  benefit  of  those  contemplating  emigration 
to  the  west.  Several  routes  were  described,  among 
them  the  following:  To  Ogden  by  rail;  thence  to 
Walla  Walla  by  wagon  road ;  thence  to  Spokane  Falls 
by  the  Mullan  road  to  Spokane  river.  Another  route 
recommended  was  by  rail  to  Kelton ;  thence  by  wagon 
to  Walla  Walla;  thence  by  wagon  over  the  Mullan 
road  to  Spokane.  Still  another  route  was  up  the 
Missouri  river  to  Fort  Benton,  Montana;  thence  by 
wagon  over  the  Mullan  road  to  the  plains  of  Spokane 
river.  In  1879  the  old  road  was  repaired,  east  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  mountains,  by  General  Penrose,  and 
west  by  a  detachment  under  command  of  Lieutenant 
Turner,  from  Fort  Sherman.  There  were  found  to 
be  thirty-eight  bridges  on  the  St.  Regis  Borgia  in 
Montana,  twenty-six  of  the  crossings  being  made  in 
a  distance  of  eighteen  miles.  The  road  is  still  in  use 
through  the  mountain  regions.  The  old,  old  wilder- 
ness road  has  had  a  wonderful  history.  For  twenty 
years  it  was  in  constant  use  by  hunters,  adventurers, 
tourists  and  emigrants,  who  "stained  it  with  their 
blood  and  tears  and  lined  it  with  their  graves."  Were 
all  the  comedies  and  tragedies  enacted  along 
this  wilderness  way  retold,  they  would  store 
volumes  with  perhaps  the  most  interesting  and 
at  the  same  time  pathetic  and  tragic  incidents 
associated  with  the  reclaiming  of  the  great  northwest. 
The  development  of  Kootenai  county  may  be  said 
to  have  begun  with  the  completion  of  the  Mullan  road. 


Although  no  material  progress  was  made  until  two 
decades  later  there  were  settlements  in  various  parts 
of  the  county  in  1863  and  1864.  The  advantages 
offered  by  adjacent  territory  were  doubtless  apparent 
to  the  west-bound  emigrants  over  this  route  and  some 
are  known  to  have  returned  at  a  later  date  and  made 
permanent  homes  here.  A.  L.  Coffey,  now  living  near 
Sandpoint,  assisted  in  construction  work  on  this  road. 
Data  in  our  possession  do  not  show  a  direct  connec- 
tion between  the  settlement  of  the  country  and  the  ex- 
istence of  the  road ;  but  the  first  comers  entered  the 
county  over  it  and  it  was  no  doubt  an  important  factor 
in  the  later  process  of  development.  Covering  the 
period  between  1861  and  1881.  Kootenai  county  re- 
mained practically  an  uninhabited  wilderness.  The 
first  permanent  establishments  were,  ferries  over  the 
Kootenai  and  Pend  Oreille  rivers,  a  pony  mail  route 
station  at  "Westwood,"  now  Rathdrum,  government 
steamer  service  on  the  lakes,  and  the  location  of  Fort 
Sherman  on  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene.  We  have  already 
told  of  the  coming  of  the  Jesuit  missionaries,  and  of 
tiie  work  performed  by  them :  we  wX.l  now  write 
briefly  of  the  affairs  of  the  sixties  and  seventies. 

The  discovery  of  placer  mines  in  the  Wild  Horse 
country,  British  Columbia,  early  in  the  sixties,  re- 
sulted in  a  great  rush  to  that  country.  Many  went 
by  the  Columbia  river  route,  and  many  others  by  what 
was  first  called  the  boundary  commission  trail  and  later 
became  known  as  the  Wild  Horse  trail,  which  en- 
tered the  county  near  the  old  Plante  ferry  on  the  Spo- 
kane river;  proceeded  via  the  present  site  of  Rith- 
drum  and  Seneaqttoteen  to  the  Campfield  Ferry  on 
the  Pend  Oreille  river;  thence  to  Bonner's  Ferry  was 
on  the  Kootenai  river  and  down  that  stream  to  British 
Columbia.  The  establishment  of  Bonner's  Ferry  was 
the  first  business  enterprise  within  the  present  county 
boundaries ;  we  will  therefore  give  some  of  the  details 
as  we  have  gathered  them  from  various  reliable 
sources.  On  July  10,  1902,  there  died  at  Missnula, 
Montana,  one  of 'the  wealthiest  and  most  prominent 
pioneer  citizens  of  that  state.  He  had  lived  in  the 
northwest  since  1853  and  had  been  closely  identified 
with  all  efforts  for  its  development  and  advancement. 
He  took  an  active  interest  in  trans-continental  railroad 
construction,  and  in  1893  was  appointed  one  of  the 
receivers  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  in  Montana. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  Montana's  member 
of  the  national  Republican  committee.  We  refer  to 
Edwin  L.  Bonner,  for  whom  Bonner's  Ferry  was 
named.  When  the  rush  to  the  Wild  Horse  country 
began,  prospectors  were  taken  over  the  Kootenai  river 
in  canoes  by  old  Chief  Abraham  and  other  members 
of  his  tribe.  In  the  summer  of  1863  Edwin  L.  Bonner 
and  his  cousin.  R.  A.  Eddy,  together  with  Hiram 
Robertson  and  John  Walton,  journeying  from  \Yalla 
Walla  to  the  Kootenai  country  in  British  Columbia, 
camped  on  the  bank  of  the  Kootenai  river  at  the 
point  where  the  gold  seekers  were  rowed  across  by  the 
Indians.  Circumstances  made  it  necessary  for  Mr. 

days,  and  during  this  stay  he  conceived  the  idea  of 
building  and  operating  a  ferry,  it  being  evident  to 


764 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


liis  mind  from  the  constant  travel  this  way,  that  if 
would  prove  a  good  investment  from  a  financial  stand- 
point. Negotiations  were  at  once  opened  with  Chief 
Abraham,  from  whom  Mr.  Bonner  purchased  the  right 
to  build  and  operate  the  ferry.  The  ferry  was  put  in 
operation  in  1864  and  Mr.  Bonner  also  established  a 
trading  post  in  connection.  As  an  interesting  item  of 
information  relating  to  this  establishment  we  print 
below  an  act  passed  at  the  second  session  of  the  Idaho 
territorial  legislature. 

"Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the 
Territory  of  Idaho,  as  follows : 

"Section  i.  That  R.  A.  Eddy,  E.  L.  Bonner  and 
J.  W.  Walton,  their  heirs  and  assigns,  be  and  they  are 
hereby  authorized  to  establish  a  ferry  across  the 
Kootenai  river  at  a  point  known  as  Bonner's  Ferry 
or  Chulimtah:  and  that  the  said  R.  A.  Eddy,  E.  L. 
Bonner  and  John  W.  Walton,  their  heirs  and  assigns, 
shall  have  the  exclusive  privilege  of  ferrying  upon  said 
river  for  a  distance  of  two  miles  up  and  five  miles 
down  said  river,  from  the  above  described  point  of 
said  ferry,  for  the  term  of  five  years  from  and  after 
the  passage  of  this  act. 

"Section  2.  It  shall  be  lawful  for  the  said  R.  A. 
Eddy,  E.  L.  Bonner  and  John  W.  Walton,  their  heirs 
and  assigns,  to  receive  and  collect  in  United  States 
gold  and  silver  coin,  or  its  equivalent,  the  following 
rates  of  toll  ferriage  across  said  river,  viz :  For  each 
footman,  fifty  cents :  for  each  man  and  horse  or  mule, 
one  dollar  and  fifty  cents;  for  pack  animals,  loaded, 
one  dollar  and  fifty  cents;  for  pack  animals,  empty, 
seventy-five  cents ;  for  loose  animals,  other  than  sheep 
or  hogs,  fifty  cents :  for  sheep  and  hogs,  each  twenty 
cents.  Approved,  December  22,  1864." 

A  similar  act  was  passed  at  the  same  session 
granting  like  ferry  privileges  to  J.  B.  Roberts,  A.  E. 
Ridles  and  T.  T.  Galbraith,  at  a  point  on  the  Kootenai 
river  fifteen  miles  below  "Linklighter's  Station,"  but 
there  is  no  record  of  a  permanent  ferry  at  this  place. 
Still  another  act  of  this  session  of  the  legislature 
granted  to  Charles  H.  Campfield  and  associates  the 
authority  to  operate  a  ferry  on  the  Pend  Oreille 
river  for  a  distance  of  three  miles  up  and  down  the 
river  from  a  point  "twelve  miles  above  the  point  where 

said  river."  At  this  ferry  they  were  authorized  to 
collect  the  following  tolls:  For  each  wagon  and  two 
animals,  three  dollars;  for  each  additional  span  of 
horses  or  cattle,  one  dollar:  for  each  man  and  horse, 
one  dollar  and  fifty  cents ;  for  each  pack  animal,  one 
dollar:  for  each  footman,  fifty  cents;  for  loose  ani- 
mals, other  than  sheep  or  hogs,  per  head,  twenty-five 
cents :  for  sheep  or  hogs,  per  head,  ten  cents. 

Although  some  settlements  were  made  later  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Campfield  and  Roberts  ferries,  the 
events  of  historical  value  and  interest  associated  with 
this  period  are  grouped  about  Bonner's  Ferry  and 
trading  post.  Mr.  Bonner  did  not  take  personal  charge 
of  the  business,  but  employed  as  his  agent,  John  Wal- 
ton, who  continued  in  charge  until  1874,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Louis  Lee.  In  1875  Richard  Fry  came  to 
Bonner's  Ferry  from  the  Wild  Horse  country.  Mr. 


Fry  was  another  of  the  sturdy  pioneers.  He  crossed 
(he  plains  in  1849,  and  resided  until  1858  in  Linn  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  serving  in  the  Indian  wars  of  1855  and 
1856  and  taking  part  in  the  battle  of  Walla  Walla  in 
December,  1855,  at  the  time  the  famous  old  Walla 
Walla  warrior,  Pio-Pio-Mox-Mox,  was  slain.  Rich- 
ard Fry.,  who  died  at  Rathdrum  December  15,  1898, 
was  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  respected  pioneers 
of  Kootenai  county.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  per- 
sonality, generous  and  just  in  all  his  dealings  with  his 
white  and  Indian  neighbors  and  all  who  knew  him 
regarded  him  as  a  personal  friend.  As  an  incident 
illustrative  of  the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  we 
quote  the  following  from  an  issue  of  the  Kootenai 
Herald,  dated  December  25,  1898: 

"An  impressive  scene  was  witnessed  at  the  funeral 
services  of  the  late  Richard  Fry.  When  the  lid  of  the 
casket  was  opened  for  the  last  time  at  the  church  to 
allow  the  relatives  and  friends  to  view  the  features 
of  the  dead,  there  filed  down  the  aisle  a  long  line  of 
Kootenai  Indians  with  slow  and  solemn  tread.  Each 
touched  the  casket  and  made  the  sign  of  the  cross  as 
he  passed  by  his  dead  friend.  The  confidence  of  the 
Indians  in  'Richard  Fry  was  something  marvelous. 
For  years  he  had  been  an  adviser  in  their  troubles  and 
so  tempered  with  justice  had  been  all  his  dealings 
with  them  that  they  had  learned  to  trust  him  implic- 
itly, and  their  mourning  for  the  dead  was  no  less  sor- 
rowtul  than  that  of  their  pale  face  brothers." 

Richard  Fry  leased  the  ferry  and  trading  post  of 
E.  L.  Bonner  in  1875  an<*  for  man>'  .vears  did  an  ex~ 
tensive  business  with  miners,  trappers  and  Indians,  in 
the  earlier  years  taking  their  gold  dust  and  furs  in 
exchange  for  goods  and  supplies.  In  1876  his 
brother,  Martin  M.  Fry,  located  at  Bonner's  Ferry  and 
assisted  in  conducting  the  ferry  and  post.  After  the 
retirement  of  Richard  Fry  in  1892,  the  business  was 
continued  for  many  years  by  Martin  Fry  and  his  sons. 
The  ownership  of  the  ferry  eventually  passed  to  Mal- 
rom  Bruce,  from  whom  it  was  purchased  by  the  coun- 
ty in  1902  for  the  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars.  It  is 
still  in  operation,  but  a  bridge  will  doubtless  be  built 
across  the  Kootenai  river  at  this  point  in  the  near 
future  as  the  question  of  its  construction  is  now  be- 
ing agitated. 

During  the  seventies  mail  was  received  at  Bon- 
ner's Ferry  once  each  month.  During  the  summer 

British  Columbia,  via  Fort  Hope  and  Okanogan  lake', 
British  Columbia,  Colville,  Washington,  Seneaquo- 
teen,  Pend  Oreille  lake,  Bonner's  Ferry  and  on  to 
Wild  Horse,  British  Columbia.  In  winter  it  was  car- 
ried on  snow  shoes  over  the  same  route.  Among  the 
mail  carriers  were  James  Wardell,  John  Shelton  and 
Ned  Bray,  all  Canadians  ;  Mr.  Shelton.  however,  made 
his  home  at  Colville.  Washington.  During  this  period 
four  pack  trains  made  regular  trips  through  Kootenai 
county  from  Wild  Horse,  British  Columbia,  to  Walla 
Walla.  They  were  owned,  respectively,  by  Galbraith 
Brothers  and  Robert  Mathers,  of  Wild"  Horse,  George 
Dacre,  of  Walla  Walla,  and  Fry  Brothers,  of  Bon- 
ner's Ferry.  Between  the  years  1873  ancl  ^84  there 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


765 


was  but  one  family  of  white  settlers  in  this  region, 
that  of  Martin  Fry.  Their  only  neighbors  were  In- 
dians, with  whom  they  never  had  «erious  trouble. 
There  was  a  "scare"  in  1878  when  the  Bannock  war 
broke  out,  but  no  harmful  results  followed.  At  this 
time  the  Kootenai  Indians  became  very  restless.  There 
were  among  them  some  relatives  of  Indians  who  had 
been  executed  for  participation  in  the  massacre  of 
1866  and  these  sought  to  lead  the  Kootenais  out  on 
the  warpath.  Richard  Fry  was  at  Victoria  at  the 
time,  with  the  pack  train,  and  the  Indians  assumed 
such  a  threatening  attitude  that  Martin  concluded  it 
the  better  part  of  wisdom,  on  his  family's  account,  to 
escape  to  a  place  of  greater  security.  With  the  as- 
sistance of  his  wife  he  buried  the  stock  of  goods  from 
the  store,  working  nearly  all  night,  and  just  before 
daybreak  they  mounted  mules  belonging  to  the  Dacre 
pack  train,  which  chanced  along  on  a  down  trip,  and 
rode  to  the  present  .site  of  Rathdrum,  where  they 
stopped  with  the  family  of  Wesley  Wood  until  quiet 
\vas  restored  among  the  red  men.  Settlers  never  aft- 
erward had  any  serious  difficulties  with  the  Kootenai 
Indians.  Most  of  the  Kootenais  eventually  became 
Catholics  under  the  teachings  of  Father  Fouquet  of 
the  St.  Mary's  Mission  near  Wild  Horse,  B.  C.  Is. 
1889  Major  Ronan  was  sent  to  these  Indians  by  the  gov- 
ernment with  instructions  to  offer  them  a  choice  be- 
tween allotments  of  land  here  or  residence  on  the  Flat- 
head  reservation  in  Montana.  Some  accepted  land  and 
are  now  living  on  their  allotments  in  northern  Kootenai 
and  others  went  to  the  reservation,  where  they  still 
reside.  We  have  referred  to  the  massacre  of  1866,  an 
account  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  on 

Early  in  the  seventies  a  relay  station  on  the  pony 
mail  route  from  The  Dalles  and  Walla  Walla  to  Mis- 
soula,  Montana,  was  established  at  the  Wesley  Wood 
ranch,  where  Rathdrum  is  now  located.  Details  con- 
cerning settlements  in  the  central  portion  of  the  county 
are  given  in  another  portion  of  this  volume  in  connec- 
tion with  the  history  of  Rathdrum  and  of  Post  Falls. 
The  mail  route  to  which  we  refer  crossed  the 
county  from  Spokane  Bridge  via  the  Wood 
ranch  to  Steamboat  Landing  at  the  head  of 
Lake  Pend  Oreille;  thence  by  government  steamers 
down  the  lake  to  a  small  settlement  near  the  present 
site  of  Sandpoint ;  thence  in  a  southeasterly  direc- 
tion over  the  mountains  to  Missoula.  It  connected 
with  the  Mullan  road  at  Rock  creek,  fifty  miles  south- 
west of  Spokane,  and  followed  it  to  Spokane  Bridge. 
From  Walla  Walla  to  Missoula  the  distance  as  trav- 
ersed was  four  hundred  miles.  There  were  twenty- 
one  stations  and  twenty-five  riders,  each  rider  making 
from  forty  to  seventy  miles  per  day,  with  several  re- 
lays, carrying  mail  and  small  packages  of  express. 
Wesley  Wood,  now  living  at  Rathdrum,  carried  mail 
over  this  route  for  five  years.  C.  C.  Huntley  had  the 
star-route  mail  contract  for  a  term  of  years  with  a 
yearly  compensation  of  $33,333.  To  facilitate  the 
handling  of  the  mails  between  these  two  points,  and 
to  the  country  north,  the  government  constructed  three 
steamers  for 'use  on  the  Pend  Oreille  lake,  the  first  of 


which  was  the  Mary  Moody,  built  at  Seneaquoteen 
in  1864. 

Settlements  at  Bonner's  Ferry,  Rathdrum  and  Sen- 
eaquoteen were  the  first  made  in  the  county.  They 
were  followed  closely  by  others  in  different  localities, 
but  as  this  period  of  settlement  was  prior  to  county 
organization,  we  have  given  details  in  connection  with 
the  history  of  the  various  towns  as  separate  corpora- 
tions. 

The  last  important  event  preceding  county  organi- 
zation was  the  establishment  of  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene, 
later  called  Fort  Sherman.  While  on  a  tour  of  in- 
spection in  1877  General  William  T.  Sherman  came 
from  Fort  Benton,  Montana,  over  the  Mullan  road, 
to  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  was  on  his  way  to  Fort 
Walla  Walla,  but  spent  some  time  on  and  about  the 
lake,  visiting  the  missions  and  acquainting  himself 
with  the  Indian  situation  at  the  various  agencies.  He 
was  charmed  with  the  beauty  of  the  surroundings  and 
his  soldier's  eye  readily  discerned  the  superior  ad- 
vantages offered  as  a  location  for  an  army  post.  On 
his  recommendations  a  military  reservation  was  created 
here  containing  999  acres.  The  site  chosen  was  at  the 
foot  of  the  lake,  bordering  on  the  lake  and  on  the 
Spokane  river.  The  reservoir  was  established  in 
1878,  but  the  army  post  was  not  fully  equipped  and 
officered  until  the  following  year.  As 'has  been  stated 
the  post  was  first  named  by  General  Sherman,  Fort 
Coeur  d'Alene,  but  at  the  time  of  the  General's  death 
in  1891  the  name  was  changed  in  his  honor  to  Fort 
Sherman. 

The  first  commander  at  the  post  was  Col.  H.  C. 
Merriam  of  the  Second  U.  S.  Infantry,  five  com- 
panies of  soldiers  being  stationed  here  in  the  begin- 
ning. Col.  Merriam  was  followed  in  command  by 
Col.  Wheaton,  who  in  turn  was  successively  followed 
by  Maj.  (now  General)  Randall,  Lieut.  Col.  Cook, 
Col.  Carlin,  and  Col.  Hall.  The  last  officer  in  com- 
mand was  Col.  Thatcher,  who  had  under  him  five 
companies  of  the  Sixteenth  U.  S.  Infantry.  The  post 
was  never  regularly  garrisoned  after  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Cuban  war  in  1898.  In  the  early  summer  of 
1894  the  melting  of  the  deep  snows  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  and  Bitter  Root  mountains  raised  the  waters 
in  the  lake  and  river  to  such  an  extent  that  the  post 
grounds  were  flooded  and  continued  so  for  several 
weeks.  After  this  freshet  army  officers  made  continued 
and  persistent  efforts  to  have  the  post  abandoned, 
claiming  that  the  site  was  liable  to  overflows  each 
spring.  By  those  acquainted  with  the  situation,  how- 
ever, it  is  claimed  that  the  true  reason  for  the  desire 
to  abandon  the  post  was  because  of  its  isolation. 
There  were  no  great  centers  of  population  within 
easy  reach,  and  officers  with  families  desired  social  and 
educational  advantages  that  could  not  be  enjoyed  at 
Fort  Sherman.  Their  influence  eventually  prevailed 
and  the  reservation  was  turned  over  to  the  interior  de- 
partment in  April,  1901,  the  post  being  entirely  aban- 
doned by  the  war  department  in  August  of  the  same 
year. 

At  the  time  of  the  declaration  of  war  against 
Spain  there  were  garrisoned  here  twelve  officers  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


about  three  hundred  and  fifty  men.  With  the  exception 
of  a  detachment  of  eleven  men  under  Lieut.  B.  B.  Buck, 
this  force  was  ordered  to  the  front.  The  officers  in- 
cluded in  this  order  were  Col.  Thatcher,  commander ; 
Chaplain  Bateman,  who  was  granted  special  leave  by 
the  war  department  to  accompany  the  troops;  Co. 
C,  under  command  of  Capt.  L.  C.  Allen ;  Co.  D, 
commanded  by  Capt.  W.  T.  Morrison  and  Lieut. 
B.  T.  Simmons ;  Co.  F,  by  Capt.  T.  C.  Woodbury  and 
Lieut.  J.  E.  Woodward ;  Co.  G,  by  Capt.  W.  La'ssiter 
and  Lieut.  E.  Chandler ;  and  Co.'  H,  by  Capt.  S.  R. 
Whital  and  Lieut.  J.  Irwin.  On  April  21,  1898,  ac- 
companied by  a  band  of  twenty-three  musicians  and  an 
eagle  presented  by  J.  R.  Sanburn,  the  force  left  Coeur 
d'Alene  on  a  special  train  for  New  Orleans,  and  Fort 
Sherman  was  practically  abandoned  as  an  army  post. 


Many  thousands  of  dollars  were  expended  here 
in  the  erection  of  buildings  and  in  the  equipment  and 
care  of  the  grounds.  There  are  fifty-two  buildings, 
including  the  commander's  and  the  officers'  residences, 
which  are  cared  for  by  John  Fernan,  who  first  came 
to  the  post  M^y  26,  1878,  and  has,  since  its  abandon- 
ment, had  sole  care  of  buildings  and  grounds.  An 
effort  has  been  made  by  trie  citizens  of  Coeur  d'Alene 
to  have  the  reservation  thrown  open  to  settlement,  but 
without  success.  A  movement  is  now  under  way  to 
secure  the  establishment  here  of  a  national  soldiers' 
home.  The  location  is  an  admirable  one  for  such  a 
purpose.  The  reserve  is  a  natural  park  of  forest 
pines,  and  with  its  lake  frontage  and  mountain  back- 
ground is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  many  beauti- 
ful spots  in  the  lake  region  of  Kootenai  county. 


CHAPTER  II. 


EVENTS,   1880-1890— AS  A  POLITICAL  DIVISION  OF    THE  TERRITORY. 


The  close  of  the  'seventies,  or  rather,  the  opening  of 
the  next  decade,  marks  the  beginning  of  the  most 
important  epoch  in  the  history  of  Kootenai  county, 
that  of  organized  existence.  Kootenai  county  has  had 
a  creative  existence  since  1864.  At  that  date  her 
boundaries  enclosed  only  about  one-half  of  the  terri- 
tory which  they  now  enclose,  but  the  present  lines  were 
defined  as  early  as  1867.  It  may  be  well,  before  enter- 
ing upon  these  later  details  to  mention  a  few  interest- 
ing facts  concerning  the  political  affiliations  of  the 
county  prior  to  the  creative  act  of  1864.  It  first  be- 
longed to  the  Oregon  country  which  had  indefinite 
boundaries ;  later,  as  a  part  of  that  portion  of  Oregon 
lying  north  of  the  Columbia  river  and  the  46th  parallel 
of  latitude,  it  belonged  to  Vancouver  county,  which 
was  organized  in  1845,  the  name  of  the  county  being 
changed  in  1849  to  Clark,  in  honor  of  the  explorer. 
The  Columbia  river  and  the  46th  parallel  of  latitude, 
east  to  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  consti- 
tuted the  southern  boundary  of  Washington  in  1853, 
and  Kootenai  was  a  portion  of  Walla  Walla  county, 
Washington.  January  29,  1859,  Shoshone  county, 
Washington,  was  created  including  all  that  country 
north  of  the  Snake  river,  east  of  the  Columbia  and 
west  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  embracing  Kootenai 
county.  The  county  seat  was  on  the  land  claim  of 
Angus  McDonald,  who  was  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany's agent  at  the  station  where  Colville  is  now  lo- 
cated. 

At  the  first  session  of  the  Idaho  territorial  legis- 
lature, opening  December  7,  1863,  and  closing  Febru- 
ary 4,  1864,  all  that  territory  north  of  the  Clearwater 
river,  which  included  all  the  present  counties  of  Latah 
and  Kootenai,  together  with  a  section  of  country  bor- 


dering directly  on  the  north  bank  of  the  river  was  at- 
tached to  the  original  Nez  Perces  county  for  civil  and 
judicial  purposes,  but  was  without  a  distinguishing 

At  the  second  session  of  the  territorial  legislature  in 
the  winter  of  1864  the  first  creative  act  was  passed, 
defining  the  boundaries  of  Kootenai  county.  The 
following  is  the  text  of  the  act : 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  legislative  assembly  of  the 

Section  2.  That  all  that  portion  of  Idaho  terri- 
tory embraced  within  the  following  described  bounda- 
ries be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  created  into  and  shall 
be  known  as  the  county  of  Kootenai,  to  wit:  Begin- 
ning at  a  point  on  the  forty-eighth  degree  of  north 
latitide,  on  the  dividing  line  between  Washington  and 
Idaho  territories ;  thence  north  with  said  dividing  line 
of  longtude  to  the  forty-ninth  degree  of  north  lati- 
tude;  thence  east  with  the  said  degree  of  latitude  to 
the  northwest  corner  of  the  boundary  line  of  Montana 
territory;  thence  southerly  with  the  boundary  line  of 
said  territory  to  the  forty-eighth  degree  of  north  lati- 
tude, and  thence  west  along  said  degree  of  latitude  to 
the  place  of  beginning;  and  the  county  seat  of  the 
said  county  of  Kootenai  is  hereby  located  Seneaquo- 
tcen.  Approved,  December  22,  1864. 

The  forty-eighth  parallel  of  latitude  passes  through 
Granite;  the  territory  included  within  the  first  estab- 
lished lines,  therefore,  was  but  little  more  than  half 
as  great  as  the  county's  present  area.  Section  one 
of  this  same  act  created  "Lah-toh"  county  out  of  the 
country  south  of  the  forty-eighth  parallel  and  north 
of  the  Clearwater  river  and  named  Coeur  d'Alene 
as  the  county  seat.  No  county  organization  was  ever 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


767 


effected  under  this  act  but,  later,  the  northern  bound- 
ary of  Nez  Perces  county  was  moved  north  from  the 
Clearwater  river  to  the  irregular  summit  of  the  divide 
between  the  Palouse  river  and  Hangman's  creek,  the 
present  southern  boundary  of  Kootenai  county.  In 
1867  the  present  boundaries  of  Kootenai  were  de- 
nned by  amendments  to  the  original  act  as  follows : 

Section  2.  All  that  portion  of  the  territory  of 
Idaho  north  of  the  counties  of  Nez  Perces  and  Sho- 
shone  shall  comprise  the  county  of  Kootenai. 

Section  3.  That  whenever  'the  inhabitants,  to  the 
number  of  fifty  or  more  of  the  said  county  of  Koot- 
enai, shall  desire  to  perfect  a  county  organization,  they 
shall  apply  by  petition  to  the  governor,  who, 
if  he  deems  it  advisable,  shall  proceed  to  des- 
ignate by  appointment  three  discreet  and  well 
qualified  citizens  of  the  county  or  counties  so 
applying,  to  act  as  a  board  of  county  commis- 
sioners of  such  county.  The  board  of  county  commis- 
f  sioners  so  appointed,  after  they  shall  have  qualified 
in  pursuance  of  law,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of 
their  office,  may  proceed  to  fill,  by  the  appointment  of 
suitable  residents  of  the  county,  the  various  county 
offices  as  required  by  law  for  othar  organized  counties 
in  this  territory. 

Section  4.  Whenever  the  county  commissioners 
shall  be  appointed  as  provided  by  law,  they  shall  have 
I  power  to  locate  the  county  seat  of  said  county.  As 
amended,  Act  January  9,  1867. 

"Fifty  or  more"  citizens  of  Kootenai  could  not  be 
gathered  together  to  perfect  a  county  organization 
under  this  old  act  for  eighteen  years  after  its  passage. 
Bancroft  says  "Kootenai  county  had  almost  no  white 
population  until  the  building  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad  brought  people  there  to  perform  the  labor  of 
its  construction,  between  1880  and  1883."  Elliot,  an 
Idaho  historian,  says  of  Kootenai  county  in  1882 :  "It 
is  a  wild,  unsettled  country  of  lakes  and  grand  scen- 
ery." With  the  advent  of  the  railroad  came  the  desire 
for  county  organization.  In  July,  1881,  M.  D.  Wright 
and  George  B.  Wonnacott  called  a  meeting  of  all  the 
settlers  known  to  be  in  the  county  for  the  purpose  of 
discussing  the  question.  Two  or  three  meetings  were 
held  and  much  canvassing  was  done  before  the  required 
number  of  petitioners  could  be  obtained.  Two  of 
these  meetings  were  held  at  Mr.  Wonnacott's  store 
two  miles  west  of  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene  and  the  third 
meeting  was  held  at  Rathdrum,  then  called  Westwood, 
where  the  organization  was  finally  completed  in  Oc- 
tober, 1881.  From  the  petitioners  it  was  a  difficult 
matter  to  secure  men  enough  to  fill  the  various  county 
offices,  owing  to  the  fact  that  most  of  the  settlers  had 
business  affairs  of  their  own  to  attend  to  and  the 
offices  were  not  especially  desirable  either  because  of 
the  emoluments  attaching  or  because  of  the  honor  they 
conferred  on  the  individual.  Appointments,  however, 
were  eventually  made  by  the  governor  and  the  follow- 
ing have  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  officers  of 
Kootenai  county:  Sheriff,  Fred  Haines ;  recorder, 
George  B.  Wonnacott;  assessor  and  collector,  M.  D. 
Wright;  treasurer.  Max  Weil;  probate  judge,  Charles 
Chilburg.  Mr.  Chilburg  did  not  qualify  and  A.  L. 


Bradbury  was  appointed  in  his  stead.  Mr.  Bradbury 
soon  resigned  and  was  followed  by  Henry  Melder. 
Sheriff  Haines  died  before  his  term  had  expired  and 
the  commissioners  appointed  Rregg  Parmenter  to  fill 
the  vacancy.  R.  W.  Cochran  and  C.  W.  Wood  were 
appointed  justices;  J.  L.  Steen  and  Michael  Martin, 
constables.  Commissioners  appointed  by  the  governor 
were,  O.  F.  Canfield,  J.  T.  Rankin  and  William  Mar- 
tin. The  officers  were  sworn  in  by  Justice  Frank 
Points,  a  noted  character  who  lived  on  Deep  creek  in 
what  was  then  the  northern  part  of  Nez  Perces  county. 
At  the  first  regular  election  which  was  held  in  1882, 
George  B.  Wonnacott  was  continued  in  office  as  re- 
corder, Max  Weil  as  treasurer,  and  Henry  Melder  as 
probate  judge  and  ex-officio  superintendent  of  county 
schools.  Charles  Hampton  was  elected  sheriff,  and 
Robt.  Wicks,  Louis  Lee  and  O.  F.  Canfield,  commis- 
sioners. Bregg  Parmenter  was  elected  assessor  and 
collector,  failed  to  qualify  and  was  superseded  by  ap- 
pointment, by  A.  M.  Martin  of  Rathdrum.  diaries 
Hampton  served  as  sheriff  until  July,  1883,  when  he 
resigned  in  favor  of  Joseph  Brophy.  Mr.  Brophy 
did  not  want  the  place  and  canvassed  the  county  for 
signatures  to  a  petition  to  the  commissioners  advising 
the  appointment  of  William  ^Martin.  The  request  of 
the  petitioners  was  granted  and  Mr.  Martin  became 
sheriff.  At  the  I2th  session  of  the  territorial  legis- 
lature, which  convened  December  n,  1882,  Kootenai 

ith 
en, 

and  in  the  house  of  representatives  with  Shoshone,  by 
O.  A.  Dodge. 

During  the  first  four  years  of  political  life,  magi- 
cal changes  were  wrought  in  general  conditions  and 
numerous  thriving  towns  sprang  up  along  the  line  of 
railroad.  The  building  of  the  road  was  of  course  the 
cause  of  the  wonderful  transformation.  In  1880  Koot- 
enai county  had  a  population  of  318  including  many 
railroad  laborers  who  were  not  permanent  settlers ;  in 
1884  the  population  had  increased  to  2000.  In  1880 
there  was  no  assessment  roll ;  in  1884  the  assessment 
roll  footed  $544,138.98.  In  1882  there  were  but  89 
taxable  inhabitants;  in  that  year,  however,  there  was 
collected  a  property  tax  of  $558.89,  a  poll  tax  of  $502, 
and  $530.60  were  collected  on  licenses,  making  the 
total  receipts  $1,591.49.  After  erecting  a  small  jail 
and  paying  the  current  expenses,  the  first  set  of  county 
officers  turned  over  to  their  successors  the  sum  of 
$90.00.  As  soon  as  travel  began  over  the  Northern 
Pacific  and  a  knowledge  of  the  almost  inexhaustible 
timber  resources  of  the  county  reached  the  populated 
centers,  immigrants  began  to  pour  in  and  the  country 
adjacent  to  the  road,  along  the  streams,  and  about  the 
lakes  was  thoroughly  explored ;  many  homesteads  were 
located,  a  great  deal  of  mineral  prospecting  was  done 
in  the  mountain  regions,  and  in  furnishing  supplies 
for  the  nomadic  caravan,  the  towns  became  exceed- 
ingly prosperous  and  grew  rapidly.  In  1884  Rathdrum 
had  a  population  of  over  one  thousand,  exceeding  by 
two  or'  three  hundred,  that  of  Spokane  Falls.  There 
was  a  special  reason,  however,  for  a  great  deal  of  this 
prosperity,  which  centered  about  Rathdrum  and  which 


768 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  not  so  great  in  other  parts  of  the  county.  The 
Coeur  d'Alene  mines  were  discovered  in  1883.  The 
region  of  these  mines  had  been  most  inaccessible  until 
the  completion  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  which 
opened  a  camparatively  easy  route,  via  Rathdrum, 
Lake  Coeur  d'Alene,  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  and  the 
Mullan  road.  The  rush  to  the  mines  during  the  latter 
months  of  1883  and  for  two  or  three  years  following, 
was  over  this  route,  and  Rathdrum  became  an  out- 
fitting and  supply  point,  and  consequently  a  place  of 
considerable  importance.  While  some  progress  was 
made  during  this  period  at  Bonner's  Ferry,  Kootenai, 
Coeur  d'Alene  and  other  points,  it  was  inconsiderable 
when  compared  with  the  growth  and  development 
at  and  about  the  county  seat. 

The  first  court  house  was  a  small  store  building 
at  Rathdrum  in  1884  and  was  presided  over  by  Judge 
Norman  Buck,  now  a  resident  of  Spokane.  The  first 
cases  tried  in  Kootenai  county  were  from  the  mines 
and  were  not  of  great  importance  nor  of  general  in- 
terest to  the  public,  being  petty  disputes  between  min- 
ers over  mineral  claims.  One  of  the  first  cases  of 
minor  importance  tried  before  Judge  Buck  at  this 
term  of  court  was  brought  by  Thomas  Brophy  against 
O.  A.  Dodge,  who  had  built  a  saw  mill  in  1882  at  the 
foot  of  Fish  lake.  The  plaintiff  asked  that  Mr.  Dodge 
be  enjoined  from  dumping  sawdust  into  the  outlet 
of  the  lake  and  thereby  causing  his  lands  to  be  flooded 
by  backwater.  Frank  Ganahl  and  J.  Hooloman  were 
attorneys  for  the  plaintiff,  C.  D.  Hyde  and  M.  W. 
Musgrove  for  defendant.  The  injunction  was  granted. 

A  case  of  real  importance,  involving  the  settlement 
of  a  boundary  line  dispute  between  Kootenai  and 
Shoshone  counties,  and  the  jurisdiction  over  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  mines,  was  tried  before  Judge  Buck  at  Rath- 

terpretation  of  the  legal  description  of  the  Shoshone 
county  boundaries.  Shortly  after  their  discovery  the 
authorities  of  Kootenai  county  laid  claim  to  jurisdic- 
tion over  the  mines,  asserting  that  the  northern  bound- 
ary of  Shoshone  county  was  a  small  spur  of  the  Bit- 
ter Root  mountains  extending  west  below  the  South 
Fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river,  while  Shoshone  coun- 
ty authorities  claimed  their  north  boundary  to  be  the 
summit  of  the  main  Bitter  Root  mountains  where  they 
turned  west  and  formed  the  divide  between  Clark's 
Fork  river  and  the  North  Fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene, 
the  spur  being  known  as  the  Coeur  d'Alene  moun- 
tains. Officers  of  Kootenai  county  attempted  to  ex- 
ercise authority  over  this  mining  region  by  collect- 
ing licences  and  levying  other  taxes.  Shoshone  county 
officers  protested  and  forbade  this  exercise  of  juris- 
diction. In  order  to  settle  the  matter  Kootenai  county 
authorities  brought  suit  against  the  officers  of  Sho- 
shone county,  seeking  to  enjoin  them  from  the  ex- 
ercise of  authority  over  the  district,  and  requiring  them 
to  appear  for  trial  at  Rathdrum,  the  county  seat.  The 
title  of  the  case  was  William  Martin  vs.  L.  A.  Dun- 
.  well.  These  gentlemen  were  respectively,  sheriffs 
of  Kootenai  and  Shoshone  counties,  and  the  case  was 
in  reality  a  civil  contest  between  these  two  political 
divisions  of  the  territory  of  Idaho.  While  the  real 


object  of  the  suit  was  the  settlement  of  the  boundary 
questions,  it  was  brought  by  Martin  vs.  Dunwell  for 
the  recovery  of  moneys  collected  by  the  Shoshone 
county  sheriff,  for  taxes  and  licenses  in  the  gold  field 
in  and  around  Pntchard  creek.  Attorneys  Claggett, 
Williams,  and  Musgrove  appeared  for  the  plaintiff; 
attorneys  Elder,  Allen,  and  Moody  for  the  defendant. 
Eleven  days  were  consumed  in  the  trial  and  the  costs 
fell  heavily  on  the  new  county  of  Kootenai.  The 
plaintiff  brought  witnesses  from  Montana  and  other 
distant  points;  old  histories,  old  and  new  maps,  legis- 
lative acts  and  other  similar  publications  were  intro- 
duced as  evidence  by  both  sides.  The  old  reports  of 
Captain  John  Mullan,  of  Mullan  Road  fame,  were 
read,  discussed  and  offered  in  evidence.  The  trial 
creaed  a  great  deal  of  interest  and  was  attended  daily 
by  large  crowds.  Shoshone  county  gained  the  vic- 
tory, and,  as  later  developments  have  proven,  untold 
wealth  from  the  mountains  of  precious  minerals  in  the 
disputed  territory. 

During  the  period  of  which  we  write  there  was  an 
increasing  demand  for  traveling  and  shipping  facil- 
ities on  the  navigable  rivers  and  lakes  of  the  county. 
In  reaching  the  mining  regions  from  Coeur  d'Alene, 
via  the  lake,  there  were  but  two  available  steamers 
for  transporting  passengers  and  supplies;  both  were 
small  and  one  of  them  had  been  built  by  the  govern- 
ment for  the  use  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene. 
There  was  a  great  deal  of  travel  also,  to  and  from  the 
British  Columbia  mining  regions  and  there  was  need 
of  transportation  facilities  in  that  direction.  Several 
steamers  were  built,  among  them  one  by  C.  B.  King, 
to  ply  on  the  lake  between  Coeur  d'Alene  and  Old  Mis- 
sion on  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river,  carrying  prospectors 
and  outfits.  The  first  steamer  taken  to  the  Kootenai 
river  was  built  by  Baillic  Groham,  of  the  Kootenai  re- 
clamation scheme.  It  was  a  small  boat,  twenty-five 
feet  long  and  six  foot  beam  and  was  shipped  to  Koot- 
enai station  on  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  from 
whence  it  was  dragged  over  the  trail  to  Bonner's  Fer- 
ry. It  was  christened  the  "Midge"  but  came  to  be 
known  as  the  "Mud  Hen."  Another  steamer  was 
taken  to  Bonner's  Ferry  over  the  same  route  a  few 
months  later  by  Lundy  and  Wright.  It  was  somewhat 
larger  than  the  Mud  Hen  and  was  called  the  "Ozier." 
Both  boats  were  put  in  service  on  the  Kootenai  river, 
between  Bonner's  Ferry  and  the  Wild  Horse  mining 
region. 

At  the  first  regular  election  in  1882,  party  lines 
were  not  drawn:  in  1884,  however,  politics  entered 
into  the  campaign  and  both  Republicans  and  Demo- 
crats held  a  convention  and  placed  tickets  in  the  field. 
We  were  unable  to  secure  official  record  of  elections 
prior  to  1892  and  can  therefore  give  only  general  re- 
sults in  the  earlier  campaigns.  Candidates  for  com- 
missioners were:  R.  T.  Weeks,  J.  H.  Masterson,  John 
Russell,  Henry  H.  Newhall,  George  B.  Wonnacott, 
Tony  Tubbs,  Thomas  Ford,  Alex  Powers,  George 
Ellis,  O.  F.  Canfield.  T.  T.  Mulkins,  J.  R.  Masterson, 
and  John  Fernan.  Of  these  candidates  John  Russell 
was  elected  from  the  Northern  district,  George  B. 
Wonnacott  from  the  central  district,  and  Henry  H. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


769 


Newhall  from  the  southern  district.  Candidates  for 
probate  judge  were  Louis  Lee,  Democrat,  and  Henry 
Melder,  Republican.  Mr.  Melder  was  elected.  For 
sheriff,  William  Martin  was  re-elected.  Candidates 
for  district  attorney  were  Mark  W.  Musgrove  of 
Rathdrum  and  Isaac  S.  Daly  of  Coeur  d'Alene.  Mr. 
Musgrove  won  at  the  polls.  W.  C.  Jackson,  Repub- 
lican, and  Henry  Reiniger,  Democrat,  were  opposing 
candidates  for  the  office  of  county  treasurer.  Mr. 
Jackson  was  chosen.  John  Fernan,  Republican,  and 
W.  J.  McClure,  Democrat,  both  of  Coeur  d'Alene, 
contested  for  the  assessorship  and  Mr.  McClure  se- 
cured the  office.  S.  W.  Moody  represented  Nez  Per- 
ces,  Shoshone  and  Kootenai  counties  in  the  senate  and 
William  King  was  elected  to  the  house  from  Shoshone 
and  Kootenai. 

The  year  1885  was  signalized  by  a  contest  on  the 
county  seat  question.  The  creative  act  of  1864  named 
Seneaquoteen  as  the  county  seat.  The  amendment  of 
1867  vested  in  the  commissioners  the  power  to  locate 
the  seat  of  government.  As  has  been  previously 
stated  the  first  meetings  for  the  purpose  of  county 
organization,  were  held  in  1881  at  the  store  of  George 
B.  Wonnacott,  about  two  miles  below  Fort  Coeur 
d'Alene.  This  place  of  meeting  was  selected  as  a 
matter  of  convenience  and  because  Mr.  Wonnacott 
was  prominent  in  the  work  of  organization  and  was 
one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  by  Gov.  John  B. 
Neil.  The  organization  was  completed  and  the  officers 
appointed  in  July,  1881.  In  August  of  the  same  year 
Mr.  Wonnacott  moved  his  store  to  Rathdrum  and 
thereafter  the  business  of  the  county  was  conducted 
at  this  point.  There  is  no  record  of  any  special  action 
on  the  part  of  the  commissioners  designating  Rath- 
drum  as  the  county  seat,  but  M.  D.  Wright,  one  of 
the  first  county  officers,  is  authority  for  the  statement, 
that  upon  the  removal  of  the  Wonnacott  store  to  Rath- 
drum  in  August,  1 88 1,  the  commissioners  agreed 
among  themselves  that  this  should  be  the  seat  of 
government.  Judge  Norman  Buck,  who  tried  the 
Kootenai-Shoshone  boundary  case  in  1884,  states  that 
the  defendant  was  cited  to  appear  for  trial  at  "Rath- 
drum,  the  county  seat  of  Kootenai  county."  Had 
there  been  no  special  action  on  the  question  by  the 
first  commissioners,  this  recognition  of  Rathdrum  as 
the  county  seat  by  the  county  authorities  in  1884 
would  seem  to  have  settled  the  matter.  In  1885,  how- 
ever, a  determined  effort  was  made  to  remove  the 
county  capital  to  Coeur  d'Alene,  the  commissioners 
claiming  the  right  to  do  so  on  the  ground  that  they 
had  never  acted  on  the  question  as  they  were  em- 

rered  to  do  by  the  legislative  amendment  of  1867. 
H.  Newhall  was  at  this  time  commissioner  from 
the  southern  part  of  the  county,  George  B.  Wonna- 
cott from  the  central  portion,  and  John  Russell  from 
the  northern  portion.  Newhall  and  Wonnacott  fa- 
vored the  removal  and  Russell  opposed  it.  There  was 

officials  and  a  great  deal  of  feeling  between  the  op- 
posing factions  -both  within  and  without  official  cir- 
cles. The  citizens  of  Rathdrum  and  of  the  towns  to 
the  north,  rallied  to  the  support  of  Mr.  Russell  in  his 


efforts  to  prevent  the  change  to  Coeur  d'Alene,  and  for 
about  three  months  the  county  records  were  guarded 
by  citizens  of  Rathdrum  in  anticipation  of  forced  re- 
moval. No  overt  acts  were  committed,  however,  bit- 
ter feelings  engendered  in  the  beginning  of  the  strug- 
gle gradually  subsided,  the  guards  were  removed,  ar- 
fairs  resumed  their  former  peaceful  condition,  and  the 
fight,  if  it  may  be  so  termed,  came  to  an  end.  Rath- 
drum  has  since  remained  the  recognized  legal  seat  of 
government. 

In  agricultural  regions  a  special  degree  of  pros- 
perity was  not  enjoyed  in  the  year  1885,  crops  were 
below  the  average  yield  and  prevailing  prices  were 
low.  But  as  yet  there  were  not  many  improved  farms 

gaged  in  stock  raising,  but  the  majority  of  the  in- 
habitants outside  the  settlements  were  employed  in 
the  tie,  post  and  pole  industry;  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
miners  were  paying  rich  tribute  to  Rathdrum  and  the 
town  of  Coeur  d'Alene,  and  the  people  all  over  the 
county  were  fairly  prosperous.  The  total  valuation 
of  property  in  1885  was  $475,465.68,  on  which  was 
collected  a  territorial  tax  of  $1,189.06,  a  county  tax 
(  f  $7,132.06  and  a  school  tax  of  $1,901.82.  Of  the 
total  amount  collected,  $10,222.94,  Assessor  McClure 
received  as  his  remuneration  for  the  work  of  assess- 
ment and  collection,  seven  per  cent,  or  $715.60.  Dur- 
ing this  year  two  new  steamers  were  placed  in  com- 
mission on  the  lakes,  a  toll  wagon  road  was  con- 
structed between  the  towns  of  Kootenai  and  Bon- 
ner's  Ferry  by  Dr.  Hendryx,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  year 
after  the  final  settlement  of  the  county  seat  question,  a 
court  house  was  erected  at  Rathdrum,  costing  $3,500. 

A  United  States  land  office  was  established  at 
Coeur  d'Alene  in  1885  but  was  not  in  full  operation 
until  the  year  following.  The  first  land  entry,  how- 
ever, was'dated  December  i,  1885.  It  was  made  by 
Valentine  W.  Sander,  who  preempted  lots  3  and  4, 
section  24,  township  50  north,  range  4  west  of  Boise 
meridian.  The  second  was  a  homestead  entry  made 
by  Thadius  K.  Hireen  December  21,  1885.  'on  the 
southeast  quarter  of  sec.  12,  same  township  and  range 
as  the  preemption.  These  lands  adjoin  the  present 
town  of  Coeur  d'Alene.  James  F.  Legate  was  the 
first  register  and  R.  E.  McFarland  the  first  receiver  of 
the  land  office.  Mr.  Legate  resigned  and  W.  J.  Mc- 
Clure was  appointed  in  his  stead.  In  1886,  three 
thousand  nine  hundred  and  thirty  acres  of  land  were 
disposed  of  and  the  total  receipts  of  the  office  were 
$3,241.27.  Last  year,  1902,  entries  were  made  on 
124,468  acres  and  the  receipts  for  the  year  reached 
$138,641.60.  The  total  amount  of  "land  appro- 
priated to  the  close  of  the  year  1902  was  1,177,534 
acres  and  the  total  receipts  were  $523,971.64. 

In  1886  the  question  of  annexation  to  Washing- 
ton agitated  the  citizens  of  Kootenai  county  in  com- 
mon with  the  citizens  of  all  northern  Idaho.  It  is  not 
our  purpose  to  give  the  details  of  this  campaign  here, 
as  its  full  history  has  been  written  in  another  chapter 
of  this  volume.  To  show  the  sentiments  of  the  peo- 
ple, however,  we  reproduce  below  a  resolution  passed 
at  a  meeting  held  at  the  court  house  in  Rathdrum, 


770 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


March  19.  Pursuant  to  a  call,  the  citizens  without 
party  distinction,  met  to  consider  the  question.  Hon. 
<j.  A.  Dodge  was  chosen  chairman  and  M.  W.  Mus- 
.grove  secretary.  After  a  full  and  fair  discussion, 
Judge  Henry  Melder  presented  the  following  reso- 
lution, which  was  adopted:  "Resolved,  that  we,  the 
•citizens  of  Kootenai  county,  Idaho  territory,  assembled 
in  Rathdrum,  our  county  seat,  express  it  as  the  senti- 
ment of  our  substantial  citizens,  that  it  is  of  the  utmost 
importance  to  the  prosperity  of  north  Idaho,  that  it 
be  annexed  to  Washington." 

The  year  1886  witnessed  the  building  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  from 
Hanser  Junction  to  the  foot  of  the  lake.  The  imme- 
diate effect  of  the  completion  of  this  branch  was  to 
divert  from  Rathdrum  much  of  the  support  it  had  pre- 
viously received  from  the  mining  camps  in  the  Coeur 
•d'Alene  Mountains,  and  to  add  very  materially  to  the 
importance  of  Coeur  d'Alene  as  a  supply  point.  It 
gave  an  impetus  to  the  tie  and  pole  industry,  thereby 
adding  in  a  general  way  to  the  prosperity  of  the  peo- 
ple, besides  making  the  mining  regions  much  more 
-accessible  and  supplying  needed  shipping  facilities 
.for  both  the  mining  and  the  lumber  industries  in  the 
Hake  region. 

The  question  of  annexation  entered  into  the  elec- 
tion of  1886.  There  was  such  unanimity  of  senti- 
ment on  the  subject,  however,  in  all  factions,  that  it 
may  hardly  be  said  to  have  been  an  issue  in  the  cam- 
paign. J.  M.  Manning  was  elected  prosecuting  at-  | 
torney.  Henry  Melder,  Republican,  was  elected  pro- 
bate judge,  his  opponent  being  Isaac  S.  Daly,  Demo- 
crat. William  Martin  and  Thomas  Hunter  were  op- 
posing candidates  for  sheriff  and  Mr.  Martin  was  suc- 
cessful in  the  race.  Robert  S.  Bragaw  defeated  Fred 
Eradbury  as  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  county  au- 
ditor. W.  C.  Jackson,  Republican,  and  H.  Reimger, 
Democrat,  made  the  race  as  candidates  for  treasurer, 
Mr.  Jackson  being  successful.  John  Russell,  John 
Fernan  and  Louis  Lee  were  elected  commissioners. 
Charles  'Lohr  was  elected  assessor.  Alexander  E. 
Mayhew  was  sent  to  the  state  senate  from  Kootenai 
and  Shoshone  and  John  M.  Burke  was  sent  to  the 
house  of  representatives. 

The  winter  of  1886-1887  was  a  severe  one  on 
stock ;  more  snow  than  usual  fell  in  the  mountains  and 
the  temperature  during-  the  winter  was  below  the  aver- 
age. But  as  the  hay  crop  of  the  previous  summer  had 
been  especially  large,  stock  men  suffered  but  few 
losses.  Promising  mineral  prospects  were  discovered 
about  the  head  of  the  lake  Pend  Oreille  and  in  the 
region  of  Granite  Creek  causing  a  rush  of  people  into 
the  country,  and  a  consequent  season  of  business  acti- 
vity in  all  the  towns.  Between  one  and  two  thousand 
prospectors  are  said  to  have  spent  the  summer  in  the 
region  of  Pend  Oreille  lake,  Heyden  lake  and  Gran- 
ite creek.  With  a  population  less  than  3,000,  Koot- 


enai was  still  most  sparsely  settled  county  in  the 
state.  It  had  an  assessment  roll  however  of  $966,000, 
due  chiefly  to  the  railroads,  and  in  this  respect  com- 
pared favorably  with  other  counties.  Good  schools 
were  being  taught  in  all  the  settlements  and  there  was 
one  weekly  newspaper  published,  the  Kootenai  Cour- 
ier, by  Mark  W.  Musgrove.  at  Rathdrum. 

An  event  of  the  year  ,1887  was  a  serious  accident 
which  occured  April  4th 'above  Old  Mission  on  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  river.  A  small  boat  that  had  pre- 
viously been  used  as  an  excursion  steamer  on  Pend 
Oreille  lake,  had  been  purchased  by  Nelson  Martin, 
brought  to  Coeur  d'Alene  and  fitted  up  for  passenger 
and  freight  business  between  Coeur  d'Alene  and  Old 
Mission,,and  during  high  water  it  made  Kingston  about 
twelve  miles  above  Old  Mission.  Mr.  Martin  had  named 
the  boat  the  "Spokane."  On  the  occasion  of  which  we 
write  the  Spokane  was  on  the  down  trip  from  Kingston. 
Some  distance  above  Old  Mission  the  steamer  struck 
a  pile  of  drift  wood  banked  against  a  small  island, 
swung  out  of  her  course,  across  the  current,  and  cap- 
sized, throwing  passengers  and  crew  into  the  water. 
There  were  twenty  passengers  aboard  when  the  acci- 
dent happened,  some  of  whom  reached  the  banks  of 
the  river  in  safety,  while  others  were  drowned. 
Among  the  drowned  were  Col.  N.  J.  Higgins  of  Ban- 
gor,  Me.,  and  J.  C.  Hanna,  former  city  clerk,  and  a 
business  man  of  Spokane..  The  accident  created  a 
great  deal  of  excitement  at  the  time  owing  to  the  prom- 
inence of  those  who  were  drowned  and  of  other  pas- 
sengers who  escaped.  Captain  Martin  and  the  engi- 
neer, George  Ellis,  were  arrested  but  were  never 
brought  to  trial. 

Party  lines  were  more  discernable  than  heretofore, 
in  the  campaign  of  1888,  the  tariff  question  being  the 
chief  issue.  Official  reports  of  this  election  were  not 
obtainable,  hence  we  are  unable  to  give  details.  A 
number  of  the  incumbent  officials  were  continued  in 
office,  among  them  Robert  S.  Bragaw  as  auditor,  Hen- 
ry Melder  as  probate  judge  and  William  Martin  as 
Sheriff.  A.  E.  Mayhew  and  J.  R.  Sanburn  were  sent 
as  representatives  to  the  territorial  legislature.  As  an 
incident  of  this  campaign  the  encounter  between  Mor- 
ris Green  and  M.  W.  Musgrove  will  doubtless  be  re- 
membered by  many.  Mr.  Musgrove  had  published 
some  campaign  yarns  about  one  of  the  Republican  can- 
didates whose  defeat  he  desired,  and  was  taken  to  task 
for  it  by  Mr.  Green.  Words  were  soon  followed  by 
blows  and  Mr.  Green  was  proving  the  better  of  the 
two  in  the  fistic  encounter  when  Mr.  Musgrove  sud- 
denly drew  a  revolver  and  fired  point  blank  at  his  an- 
tagonist, whose  face  was  only  about  four  feet  away. 
The  ball  knocked  out  half  a  dozen  teeth  and  lodged  in 
the  muscles  of  his  neck.  Mr.  Green  pulled  out  the 
loose  teeth  and  cooly  hurled  them  in  Musgrove's  face. 
This  ended  the  fight. 


CHAPTKR  III. 


AS  A  POLITICAL    DIVISION  OF  THE  STATE. 


The  honors  of  statehood  conferred  upon  the  terri- 
tory added  dignity  and  responsibility  to  the  county  or- 
ganization, and  became  an  inspiration  as  well  to  the 
private  citizen.  All  classes  were  prosperous  in  1890; 
good  crops  and  good  prices  prevailed ;  the  mines  in  the 
Pend  Oreille  region  yielded  well  in  gold,  silver  and 
lead,  and  gave  promise  of  better  returns  when  more 
fully  developed ;  $5,000  were  appropriated  by  congress 
for  the  improvement  of  the  Kootenai  river  from  Bon- 
ner's  ferry  to  the  International  boundary  ;  the  north  half 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indian  reservation  was  thrown 
open  to  settlement ;  the  O.  R.  &  N.  railroad  was  built 
across  the  county ;  immigration  of  home-seekers  in- 
creased rapidly,  and  all  circumstances  conspired  to- 
gether for  the  general  welfare  and  advancement  of  the 
people.  The  census  of  this  year  showed  a  population 
of  4,108.  Kootnai  county's  representative  in  the  work 
of  planning  the  state  constitution  was  Judge  Henrv 
Melder,  of  Rathdrum. 

The  Great  Northern  railroad  was  built  in  1892 
and  the  activity  attending  its  construction  counteracted 
in  a  great  measure  the  somewhat  depressing  effects 
of  the  comparatively  short  crops  of  this  and  the  pre- 
vious year.  The  northern  part  of  the  county  especially 
felt  the  impetus  given  to  the  timber  and  'mining  in- 
dustries. During  the  past  three  years  fully  $700,000 
had  been  expended  in  the  erection  of  saw-mills  on  the 
lakes  and  rivers.  About  this  time  the  lumber  trade 
began  to  assume  immense  proportions  and  capital 
flowed  into  the  county  for  investment  from  all  the  lum- 
ber centers  of  the  middle  west.  A  struggle  began  be- 
tween the  large  lumber  companies  of  Minnesota  and 
Wisconsin  for  the  possession  of  the  vast  timbered  areas 
of  Kootenai  county,  one  company  alone  securing  title 
to  60,000  acres  in  various  parts  of  the  county.  The 
year  was  fairly  prosperous  in  all  lines  of  business. 

In  the  political  campaign  of  1892  the  People's 
party  of  Idaho  made  its  first  efforts  to  get  into  power, 
and  new  issues  were  brought  before  the  voters,  such 
as  the  loaning  of  money  by  the  government  direct  to 
the  people  at  two  per  cent;  the  free  and  unlimited 
coinage  of  silver ;  the  ownership  by  the  government 
of  railroads,  telephone  and  telegraph  lines  and  other 
well  known  declarations  from  the  party's  state  plat- 
form. The  results  of  the  November  elections  were  as 


follows :  William  J.  Quirk,  of  Hope,  Democratic 
candidate  for  joint  senator  from  the  second  district, 
which  then  included  Kootenai  and  Latah  counties,  re- 
ceived 672  votes,  a  plurality  of  40  votes  over  those 
received  by  the  Republican  candidate,  Fred  L.  Bur- 
gan,  of  Harrison;  Andrew  J.  Hopper  received  647 
votes  for  joint  representative  against  632  votes  for 
John  Donahue,  of  Bonner's  Ferry,  the  Democratic 
nominee;  A.  A.  Crane,  Republican;  Albert  Hagan, 
Democrat,  and  William  Ferrell,  Populist,  were  elected 
representative  over  J.  H.  McPhearson,  H.  D.  Barber 
and  Arthur  B.  Bains;  John  J.  Costello,  of  Coeur 
d'Alene,  Democrat,  received  838  votes  for  sheriff, 
against  William  Martin,  who  received  755  votes,  and 
Hiram  B.  Savage,  of  Hope,  who  received  14  votes; 
James  W.  Kennedy,  Democrat,  of  Post  Falls,  was 
elected  senator.  The  vote  for  probate  judge  was: 
A.  K.  White,  672 ;  John  E.  White,  572 ;  Henry  Mel- 
der, 205 ;  candidates  for  assessor  were  William  Ryan, 
of  Rathdrum;  William  A.  Reiniger,  of  Coeur  d'Alene; 
Silas  M.  Johnson  and  A.  M.  Newson.  Ryan  received 
731  votes,  Reiniger  613,  Johnson  191,  arid  Newson 
13,  Mr.  Ryan's  plurality  being  118.  For  treasurer, 
Frank  O.  "Hill,  Republican,  of  Rathdrum,  received 
779  votes;  Fred  H.  Bradbury,  Democrat,  of  Rath- 
drum,  528;  Louis  Chambard.  Populist,  of  Rathdrum, 
189,  and  Thornton  Wheatly,  Prohibitionist,  of  Post 
Falls,  17  votes.  Mr.  Hill's  plurality  was  251.  The 
vote  on  county  surveyor  stood:  William  Ashley,  Re- 
publican, 812  votes ;  A.  D.  Robinson,  Democrat,  653 
votes.  Dr.  John  Sabins,.  Republican,  of  Coeur  d'Alene, 
was  elected  coroner  by  a  plurality  of  136,  his  oppon- 
ents being  T.  Martin  and  James  H.  Masterson.  County 
commissioners  elected  at  this  time  were :  J.  P.  Quarles, 
first  district;  Charles  W.  Clark,  second  district,  and 
Wilburt  J.  Pilling,  third  district.  By  a  vote  of  66 
for  and  678  against,  the  propositon  to  incur  an  in- 
debtedness of  $45,600  to  construct  a  steel  bridge  over 
the  Kootenai  river  at  Bonner's  Ferry  was  defeated. 

The  year  1893  wiH  'ong  be  remembered  as  a  season 
of  great  financial  distress.  While  this  period  of  de- 
pression covered  in  a  gradually  decreasing  degree  the 
two  or  three  years  following,  the  shock  and  the  great- 
est suffering  were  experienced  during  the  latter  half 
of  1893.  Spokane  was  the  banking  point  for  all  Koot- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


enai   county   towns   and   the    failure   of   the   Spokane 
banks  paralyzed  every  industry  in  the  county.     Every 

individual  was  brought  face  to  face  with  ruinous  con- 
ditions. Details  of  failures  in  public  and  private  en- 
terprises, of  the  privations  endured  in  the  homes,  of  the 
trouble  caused  by  the  inability  of  die  debtor  to  satisfy 
the  demands  of  the  creditor,  would  cover  much  mo 
space  than  we  have  at  our  disposal.  We  will  gi 
a  single  illustration  of  the  changed  conditions  brough 
about  by  the  financial  panic.  In  the  fall  of  1892 
citizen  of  Kootenai  county  purchased  a  team  of  horse 
and  a  light  wagon  for  $300.  He  paid  in  cash  $50, 
and  for  the  remaining  $250  gave  an  interest-bearing 
note,  due  November  i,  1893,  and  secured  by  mortgage 
on  other  horses  and  carriages.  When  the  note  came 
due  his  creditor  demanded  settlement.  The  debtor 
could  raise  but  $25  in  cash,  although  hundreds  of  dol- 
lars were  owing  him  on  account  by  customers.  In  or- 
der to  make  settlement,  owing  to  the  depreciation  in 
values,  he  handed  over  to  his  creditor  $25  in  cash, 
returned  the  team  for  which  he  had  given  the  note, 
and  in  addition  surrendered  another  team,  harness 
and  carriage. 

The  year  1894  is  "high  water  year"  in  the  history 
of  Kootenai  county.  Nearly  all  the  towns  along  the 
streams  and  about  the  lakes  were  flooded  and  a  great 
deal  of  damage  was  done  in  the  river  valleys.  Bon- 
ner's  Ferry  perhaps  experienced  more  trouble  than  any 
of  the  other  towns,  the  people  being  driven  from  their 
homes  into  the  surrounding  hills  for  safety.  The  Great 
Northern  railroad  tracks  were  several  feet  under  water 
at  this  point  and  for  a  time  all  traffic  was  stopped. 
The  post  grounds  at  Fort  Sherman  were  flooded,  the 
water  covering  the  lower  floors  of  all  the  buildings,  the 
use  of  row  boats  being  necessary  for  some  time  by 
officers  and  men  in  getting  about  over  the  grounds. 
Very  heavy  snows  fell  in  the  mountain  regions  during 
the  winter' of  1893-94,  and  the  following  spring  being 
unusually  late  and  cold  the  snows  remained  banked 
up  in  the  mountains  until  early  summer,  when  the 
sudden  change  to  warm  weather  precipitated  vast  quan- 
tities of  water  into  the  streams,  whose  banks  were  soon 
overflowed.  Lake  Pend  Oreille  rose  22  feet  and 
Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  was  proportionately  high.  The 
outlets  of  these  lakes  are  comparatively  small,  when 
we  consider  the  numerous  tributaries,  and  their  ca- 
pacity is  not  great  enough  to  carry  off  the  water  as 
rapidly  as  it  flows  in  when  the  mountain  snows  melt 
quickly.  The  floods  of  1894  resulted  from  a  combina- 
tion of  these  conditons,  which  very  rarely  occurs.  Sim- 
ilar conditions  produced  the  overflow  at  Bonner's 
Ferry,  the  banks  of  the  Kootenai  river  being  low  and 
the  greater  portion  of  the  town  being  but  little  above 
the  level  of  the  banks. 

In  the  political  campaign  of  1894  about  the  same 
issues  were  before  the  people  as  in  the  campaign  of 
1892.  The  Populists  showed  more  strength  than  in 
the  former  election,  while  the  Democrats  lost  ground. 
This  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  a  great  deal  of 
the  Populists  strength  was  absorbed  from  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  In  the  year  1894  Kootenai  was  the 


banner  Republican  county  of  the  state,  giving  the 
state,  legislative  and  county  candidates  a  good  plurality 
over  Democrats  and  Populists.  The  following  are  the 
official  returns  of  the  election : 

For  district  attorney,  first  judicial  district,  in- 
cluding Kootenai  and  Shoshone  counties,  Charles  W. 
Beal,  Republican,  of  Wallace,  received  657  votes; 
Robt.  E.  McFarland,  Democrat,  of  Coeur  d'Alene, 
429;  Walter  A.  Jones,  Populist,  of  Wallace,  363; 
joint  senator,  second  senatorial  district,  including 
Kootenai  and  Latah  counties,  Robert  S.  Browne,  Re- 
publican, of  Moscow,  received  715  votes,  and  Thomas 
F.  Nelson,  Democrat,  491 ;  joint  representative,  Sam- 
uel E.  Henry,  Republican,  of  Bonner's  Ferry,  received 
627;  William  Van  Gasker,  Democrat,  of  the  same 
place,  3=;8,  and  Sylvania  R.  Catlow,  Populist,  of 
Clark's  Fork,  398 :  county  representative,  A.  A.  Crane, 
Harrison,  Republican,  604;  John  M.  Burke,  Coeur 
d'Alene,  Democrat,  479;  Charles  D.  Rowell,  Bonner's 
Ferry,  Populist,  349.  Clerk  of  district  court:  Robert 
S.  B'ragaw,  Rathdrum,  Republican,  617;  William  J. 
Quirk,  Hope,  Democrat,  526 ;  Thomas  Hydornn,  Rath- 
drum,  Populist,  335;  sheriff,  William  Ryan,  Rath- 
drum,  Republican,  673;  G.  W.  Brockhagen,  Hope, 
Democrat,  5;  John  F.  Stark,  Rathdrum,  Populist, 
264;  William  Martin,  Rathdrum,  Independent,  554. 
Assessor :  J.  P.  Ouarles,  Lane,  Republican,  707 ;  John 
J.  Costello,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Democrat,  461;  Louis 
Chambard,  Rathdrum,  Populist,  305.  Probate  judge: 
Henry  Melder,  Rathdrum,  Republican,  629;  P.  E. 
Cusick,  Sandpoint,  Democrat,  290;  James  E.  Mathe- 
son,  Post  Falls,  Prohibitionist,  286;  A.  K.  White, 
Clarkia,  Populist,  242.  Treasurer:  Frank  O.  Hill, 
Republican,  Rathdrum,  806;  L.  T.  Dittemore,  Rath- 
drum,  Democrat,  413,  and  as  an  endorsement  on  the 
Populist  ticket,  201.  Surveyor.  William  Ashley,  Jr., 
Rathdrum,  Republican,  599;  William  Ashley,  Sr., 
Rathdrum,  Populist,  442 ;  Charles  D.  Schroeder,  Dem- 
ocrat, 340.  Coroner:  John  Sabin,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Re- 
publican, 6s8;  M.  T.  Loop,  Hope,  Democrat,  310; 
U.  G.  Campbell,  Bonner's  Ferry,  Populist,  394.  The 
commissioners  elected  were:  From  the  first  district, 
N.  Palmeter;  second  district,  Otis  F.  Warren;  third 
district,  J.  A.  Ball,  all  Republicans. 

The  assessed  valuation  of  property  in  1895  was 
$2,232,039.89.  Of  this  amount  $1,441,229.64  repre- 
sented the  value  of  railroad  property  for  purposes  of 
taxation.  Besides  the  amount  necessary  for  county 
expenses  Kootenai  was  required  to  raise  $17,788.30 
for  state  purposes  and  was  also  assessed  $700  as  its 
share  of  the  Idaho  Immigration  Association  fund. 
This  was  a  year  of  short  crops,  and  as  low  prices  still 
prevailed  there  was  but  little  if  any  relief  from  the 
depressing  conditions  of  the  two  previous  years.  The 
county  indebtedness  at  this  time  was  $47,629.  A 
special  election  was  held  August  27,  1895,  at  which 
time  419  votes  were  cast  for  and  155  against  the 
proposition  to  issue  bonds  to  redeem  this  outstanding 
obligation.  The  bonds,  bearing  six  per  cent  interest, 
were  accordingly  issued,  and  were  sold  to  Thiers  and 
Barroll,  of  Spokane,  at  a  premium  of  $21. 

In  May  of  this  year,  an  addition  was  built  to  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


court  house,  containing  office  rooms  for  assessor,  pro- 
bate judge,  surveyor,  and  grand  jury,  the  work  being 
done  by  Messrs.  Smith,  Conners  and  Curry,  of  Coeur 
d'Alene. 

Populism  reached  the  crest  of  the  wave  in  1896. 
In  Kootenai  county  the  party  elected  treasurer,  assess- 
or and  representatives  to  the  state  legislature.  As 
free  silver  was  the  "long  cry"  in  this  campaign,  making 
many  converts  from  the  ranks  of  the  Republican  party, 
and  as  there  was  a  certain  degree  of  harmony  be- 
tween the  Democratic  and  populist  platforms,  many 
Populists  voting  with  the  Democrats,  there  were  re- 
sultant gains  in  Democratic  votes.  The  latter  elected 
state  senator,  sheriff,  probate  judge,  and  one  com- 
missioner, leaving  for  the  Republicans  the  election  of 
coroner,  surveyor  and  two  commissioners. 

The  following  are  the  official  figures:  William 
E.  Borah,  Democratic  candidate  for  55th  congress, 
received  in  Kootenai  794  votes,  a  plurality  of  204 
over  the  candidates  of  the  other  parties ;  Frank  Stun- 
enberg,  Democratic  candidate  for  governor,  received 
1356  votes,  a  majority  of  1037  over  Budlong  and  Fow- 
ler, candidates  of  the  Republican  and  Populist  parties, 
respectively;  state  senator,  William  Ryan,  Republican, 
Rathdrum,"  199;  S.  R.  Catlow,  Populist,  Clark's  Fork, 
557;  S.  P.  Donnelly,  Lakeview,  Democrat,  880,  ma- 
jority, 124;  J.  I.  Barnes,  Bonner's  Ferry;  W.  A.  Hart, 
Rathdrum;  Charles  D.  Warner,  Coeur  d'Alene,  were 
Republican  candidates  for  state  representatives; 
Barnes's  vote  was  171,  Hart's  181,  Warner's  170; 
Democratic  nominees  were  H.  C.  Tait,  Coeur  d'Alene ; 
John  F.  Stark,  Rathdrum;  Fred  H.  Bradbury,  Rath- 
drum;  they  received,  respectively,  556,  560  and  726 
votes;  Populist  nominees  were  N.  G.  Sisson,  Hope, 
George  R.  Gray,  Bonner's  Ferry,  James  A.  Keat, 
Harrison;  Sisson  received  931,  Gray  921,  and  Keat 
782  votes;  sheriff,  J.  H.  Harris,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Re- 
publican, 389;  George  H.  Pease,  Hope,  Democrat, 
667;  J.  P.  Quarles,  Lane,  Populist,  66 1 ;  treasurer, 
James  E.  Russell,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Republican.  217; 
Thornton  Wheatley,  Post  Falls,  Democrat,  637 ;  Frank 
O.  Hill,  Rathdrum,  Populist,  788;  probate  judge, 
Henry  Melder,  Rathdrum,  Republican,  372;  Edwin 
McBe'e,  Rathdrum,  Democrat,  694;  A.  K.  White, 
Clarkia,  Populist,  592 ;  assessor,  Otis  F.  Warren,  Post 
Falls,  Republican,  328;  Louis  Chambard,  Rathdrum, 
Populist,  6n,  John  C.  Callahan,  Bonner's  Ferry, 
Democrat,  700;  coroner,  John  Sabin,  Coeur  d'Alene, 
Republican,  897;  E.  L.  Dennison,  Populist.  707;  sur- 
veyor, William  Ashley,  Jr.,  Rathdrum,  Republican, 
868 ;  B.  H.  Williams,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Democrat,  555 ; 
A.  D.  Robinson,  Rathdrum,  Populist,  201.  Commis- 
sioners elected  were  Thomas  Smith,  Republican,  first 
district:  William  H.  Cable,  Republican,  second  dis- 
trict; W.  B.  Dishman,  Democrat,  third  district.  A 
vote  was  taken  at  this  election  on  the  following  amend- 
ments to  the  state  constitution :  Shall  sec.  2,  article  VI, 
be  so  amended  as  to  extend  to  women  the  equal  right 
of  suffrage;  633  votes  were  cast  for  and  383  against 
the  amendment.  Shall  sec.  18,  article  V,  be  amended 
so  as  to  abolish  the  office  of  district  attorney  and 
create  the  office  of  county  attorney ;  for,  827 ;  against, 


175.  Shall  sec.  6,  article  XVIII,  be  so  amended  as 
to  separate  the  offices  of  probate  judge  and  county 
superintendent  of  public  instruction ;  for,  759 ;  against, 
213. 

February  27th,  1897,  President  Cleveland  issued 
a  proclamation  creating  the  Priest  River  forest  reserve. 
This  reserve  occupies  the  northwest  portion  of  the 
county  and  spreads  over  the  state  line  a  few  miles  into 
Washington.  It  is  fifty-five  miles  long,  with  an  aver- 
age width  of  about  twenty  miles.  It  contains  650,- 
coo  acres,  of  which,  according  to  government  sur- 
veys, 10,000  acres  are  agricultural  lands.  Prior  to  the 
creation  of  the  reserve  about  sixty  settlers  had  taken 
up  homesteads,  which  are  located  mostly  in  the  valley 
of  Priest  river.  The  tying  up  of  this  immense  area 
has  proven  disastrous  to  these  settlers,  who  are  isolated, 
with  no  prospects  of  the  development  of  the  surround- 
ing country  and  with  no  opportunities  for  bettering 
their  conditons.  Progress  has  been  retarded  in  the 
towns  along:  the  north  of  Pend  Oreille  lake  and  river 
and  in  many  other  respects  the  creation  of  the  reserve 
has  been  a  detriment  to  the  county.  The  railroads 
owned  large  tracts  of  timber  land  within  the  reserve, 
on  which  they  have  paid  taxes  into  the  county  treasury. 
A  few  years  ago  the  roads  accepted  script  from  the 
government  in  lieu  of  the  land  and  this  source  of  rev- 
enue was  cut  off,  necessitating  a  higher  rate  of  taxa- 
tion over  the  county.  From  the  government's  point  of 
view  its  action  will  eventually  enhance  timber  and 
agricultural  land  values  in  adjacent  tracts  which  are 
just  beginning  the  process  of  development,  as  water 
sources  will  escape  exhaustion  and  valuable  timber  re- 
sources will  be  preserved  until  there  is  greater  need 
for  the  timber  than  at  present.  Government  surveyors 
estimate  that  only  fifteen  per  cent  of  the  lands  of  the 
reserve  is  fit  for  agricultural  use  even  after  the  timber 
is  removed.  Several  efforts  have  been  made  to  secure 
its  return  to  the  public  domain  for  purposes  of  settle- 
ment, but  thus  far  these  have  proven  fruitless  of  satis- 
factory results. 

The  year  1898,  an  eventful  one  in  the  history  of 
the  nation,  was  also  an  eventful  year  in  the  history 
of  Kootenai  county,  inasmuch  as  the  manifested  spirit 
of  loyalty  to  the  government  and  sympathy  for  the 
Cubans  in  their  struggle  against  Spanish  tyranny,  led 
many  of  its  citizens  to  offer  their  services,  and  if  need 
be,  their  lives,  for  the  liberation  of  Cuba  and  for  the 
punishment  of  despotic  Spain.  When  the  declaration 
of  war  was  made  and  there  came  a  call  for  troops,  in 
no  portion  of  the  country  was  there  displayed  greater 
eagerness  on  the  part  of  the  young  men  to  enroll  them- 
selves under  the  old  flag,  than  in  Kootenai  county.  Nor 
was  this  impatience  confined  exclusively  to  the  young 
men;  veterans  of  the  Civil  war,  both  Union  and  Con- 
federate, came  forward  and  expressed  their  willing- 
ness to  re-enter  the  service.  The  splendid  record  of 
Company  B,  Idaho  Volunteers,  made  in  the  Philip- 
pines, is  well  known,  and  received  prominent  recogni- 
tion by  the  state  legislature  and  governor  of  Idaho  and 
by  the  war  department  at  Washington.  The  company 
took  part  in  seven  engagements,  including  those  at 
Santa  Ana,  Coolacan  and  Manila,  in  none  of  which 


774 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


were  they  defeated.  Of  those  who  went  out  from  Koot- 
enai  county,  Frank  Caldwell,  of  Harrison,  and  James 
Frazer,  of  Standpoint,  were  killed ;  Frank  A.  McCall 
and  Richard  B.  Jones,  of  Rathdrum,  were  wounded. 
Mr.  McCall  resigned  his  position  as  teacher  in  the  Rath- 
drum  public  schools  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  and 
enlisted  as  a  private.  After  the  battle  of  Santa  Ana, 
February  5,  1899,  in  which  he  was  wounded,  he  was 
commissioned  a  lieutenant  by  Governor  Stunenberg. 
On  his  return  from  Manila  he  organized  Company  E, 
1.  N.  G.,  of  which  he  is  now  the  captain.  Political  hon- 
ors have  since  fallen  to  Mr.  McCall,  and  he  is  at  the 
present  time  the  probate  judge  of  Kootenai  county. 

The  Kootenai  county  volunteers  of  Company  B, 
numbering  fifty-one,  left  Rathdrum  May  12,  1898, 
amid  "rousing  cheers,  broken  with  tears"  of  friends 
and  loved  ones,  the  citizens  both  of  Coeur  d'Alene  and 
Rathdrum  turning  out  en  masse  to  bid  the  young 
patriots  a  sorrowful  good-bye  and  a  hearty  Godspeed. 
They  sailed  from  San  Francisco  June  27,  1898.,  on 
the  transport  Morgan  City.  Many  of  the  volunteers 
failed  from  numerous  causes  to  get  into  the  service  and 
returned  home,  but  all  were  fearless,  earnest  and  patri- 
otic in  their  enlistment,  and  as  a  roll  of  honor  we 
record  their  names  on  these  pages.  Twenty-one  of 
the  number  were  from  Coeur  d'Alene  and  vicinity, 
several  were  from  Rathdrum,  and  the  remainder  came 
from  various  towns  over  the  county.  The  following  is 
a  complete  list:  John  Wilson,  John  Frederick,  Frank 
A.  McCall,  Robert  L.  Baldwin,  Horace  J.  Carroll, 
William  Ritzheimer,  Christian  Brown,  Charles  H. 
Blakeslee,  Herbert  M.  Caswell,  John  O.  Derr,  Horace 
D.  Vanalstine,  Alfred  E.  Ritter,  Walter  W.  Rhoades, 
Frank  B.  Flora,  Stanton  P.  Jellum,  Donald  O.  Merritt, 
Guy  Simpson,  John  F.  O'Donnell,  George  H.  Nash, 
Frank  R.  Caldwell,  Fred  D.  Farr,  Bert  Weeks,  Morris 
J.  Cooney,  Guy  Overstreet,  L.  A.  Powless,  Joseph 
Meen,  Theodore  Link,  James  Weston,  Caleb  P.  Hann, 
Charles  W.  Alkire,  Joseph  Stroble,  William  F.  O'Har- 
ra,  William  H.  Frederick,  William  E.  Merriam,  Frank 
C.  Duncan,  William  A.  Bennett,  Richard  B.  Jones, 
William  Hall,  Chippear  Wilcot,  Martin  Starling,  Her- 
man Wilde,  J.  Robert  Ross,  Frank  Cerveny,  Charles 
Lebrook,  Fred  B.  McKee,  Thomas  Martin,  H.  B.  Ford, 
Fred  W.  Soule,  J.  R.  Gross,  William  Becknell,  T.  J. 
Dendurent,,  Samuel  Gray,  James  Frazer.  James 
Graham,  of  Coeur  d'Alene,  went  into  the  service  later 
and  eventually  bcame  captain  of  the  company. 

The  returning  heroes  reached  Coeur  d'Alene  via 
the  O.  R.  and  N.  railroad,  Harrison,  and  the  lake, 
October  2,  1899,  and  were  given  a  royal  reception. 
From  the  columns  of  the  Rathdrum  Silver  Blade  we 
quote  an  account  of  the  great  ovation :  "Almost  every 
section  of  our  county  was  represented  at  the  grand 
demonstration  at  Coeur  d'Alene  on  last  Monday  in 
honor  of  the  volunteers  from  Kootenai,  who  returned 
on  that  day  from  more  than  a  year's  campaign  in  the 
Philippine  Islands.  It  was  the  most  beautiful  and 
eventful  chapter  in  the  annals  of  our  county's  history, 
and  will  be  remembered  long  after  other  events  are 
forgotten.  The  special  train  bearing  the  Kootenai  and 
Shoshone  volunteers  arrived  at  Harrison  at  7:30 


o'clock  Monday  morning.  Here  they  were  met  by 
members  of  the  reception  committee  from  the  various 
towns.  They  were  breakfasted  before  being  taken  on 
board  the  barge  which  was  to  convey  them  to  Coeur 
d'Alene.  The  journey  from  Harrison  was  a  pleasant 
one.  About  midway  on  the  lake  the  steamer  Schley, 
bearing  friends  and  relatives  of  the  boys,  met  the  barge, 
which  was  being  towed  by  the  steamer  Elk.  The  sec- 
ond steamer  was  attached  and  the  trip  to  Coeur  d'Alene 
was  enlivened  by  the  State  Line  band,  which  rendered 
several  selections  on  the  way.  The  boys  were  met  at 
the  lake  shore  by  Noble's  Dramatic  band  and  Company 
E,  Idaho  National  Guards,  in  command  of  Lieutenant 
Quarles,  Captain  McCall  having  been  sent  to  Harrison 
as  a  member  of  the  reception  committee. 

From  the  balcony  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Inn  C.  L. 
Heitman  delivered  the  address  of  welcome.  It  met  with 
a  hearty  response  from  the  vast  audience  assembled 
in  front  of  the  hotel.  The  response  to  the  address 
of  welcome  was  made  by  Captain  James  Graham,  who 
spoke  with  his  usual  eloquence.  At  the  conclusion  of 
the  response  the  doors  of  the  pavilion  were  opened 
and  the  volunteers  given  seats  of  honor  at  the  tables 
prepared  for  them.  The  banquet  was  the  towering 
success  of  the  whole  occasion.  The  tables  were  beau- 
tifully spread  and  the  whole  affair  was  one  of  which 
the  ladies  in  charge  were  justly  proud.  It  is  esti- 
mated that  one  thousand  people  dined  in  the  pavilion 
during  the  afternoon.  In  the  evening  the  opera  house 
was  jammed  to  the  doors  with  citizens  and  soldiers 
who  assembled  to  enjoy  the  exercises.  They  consisted 
of  short  speeches  by  J.  M.  Heaton,  of  Harrison ;  John 
B.  Goode,  of  Coeur  d'Alene;  James  A.  Keat,  of  Har- 
rison; Lieutenant  Heintzleman,  of  Ft.  Sherman,  and 
Wm.  Piplin,  one  of  the  returning  volunteers.  The 
speaking  was  interspersed  with  a  piano  solo  by  Miss 
Florence  Wright,  a  clarinet  solo  by  Geo.  Donovan, 
basso  solo  by  Mr.  Renshaw,  a  solo  by  Miss  Mamie 
Bump,  and  a  cornet  solo  by  Mr.  Kelser." 

In  April,  1898,  James  Meany  and  William  Allen 
were  convicted  in  the  district  court  at  Rathdrum  of 
murdering  Mike  Kidder  at  a  logging  camp  near  Sand- 
point.  At  a  recent  session  of  the  state  legislature  a 
law  had  been  passed  making  it  the  duty  of  the  warden 
of  the  penitentiary,  or  a  guard  by  him  appointed,  to 
convey  all  convicted  prisoners  to  Boise.  This  law  was 
not  satisfactory  to  Idaho  sheriffs,  who  had  counted  as 
a  part  of  their  perquisites  the  mileage,  fees  an  dex- 
pense  allowance  in  taking  prisoners  to  the  penitentiary. 
Sheriff  Pease  had  already  made  one  effort  to  have 
this  law  annulled.  Two  brothers  named  Valk  had  been 
sentenced  to  thirty  years  each  in  the  state  penitentiary. 
The  sheriff  notified  the  warden  at  Boise,  but  when  he 
arrived  for  the  prisoners,  Pease  refused  to  turn  them 
over  to  him.  He  then  took  them  to  Boise  at  his  own 
expense  and  endeavored  to  collect  from  the  state,  but 
his  attorney  informed  him  that  he  had  no  grounds  for 
action.  Stung  by  defeat,  Sheriff  Pease  resolved  to 
put  the  state  to  all  the  expense  and  trouble  possible 
in  the  application  of  the  law  referred  to.  When  Meany 
and  Allen  were  convicted  and  Warden  Van  Dorn  came 
from  Boise  for  them,  Pease  employed  attorneys  J. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


775 


L.  Crotty  and  F.  C.  Robertson  of  Spokane  to  institute 
habeas  corpus  proceedings  against  Van  Dorn  when  he 
reached  Spokane  with  the  convicts.  This  was  done 
and  the  prisoners  were  lodged  in  the  Spokane  jail 
pending  trial.  Judge  Richardson  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Spokane  county  refused  the  writ  of  habeas 
corpus,  but  also  refused  to  return  the  prisoners  to 
Warden  Van  Dorn,  and  held  them  in  the  Spokane  jail 
pending  an  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Wash- 
ington. In  the  Supreme  Court,  Crotty  and  Robert- 
son appeared  for  the  prisoners  and  Foster  and  Wake- 
field  for  the  Idaho  authorities.  The  case  involved  the 
right  of  Idaho  officials  to  pass  into  other  states  in  con- 
veying prisoners  to  the  penitentiary  at  Boise.  On  the 
grounds  of  public  policy  and  comity  between  states, 
the  court  sustained  that  right,  and,  after  spending  a 
year  in  the  Spokane  jail,  the  convicts  were  returned 
to  Warden  Van  Dorn,  who  took  them  to  the  peniten- 
tiary, where  they  are  now  serving  their  terms. 

The  total  assessment  of  Kootenai  county  in  1898 
was  $904,818.  It  was  a  fairly  prosperous  year  in  all 
lines  of  business.  The  effects  of  the  financial  troubles 
of  former  years  were  entirely  effaced  and  new  capital 
was  seeking  investment  in  timber  lands  and  in  saw- 
mills. Efforts  to  enforce  the  Idaho  alien  labor  law 
caused  some  trouble  along  the  lines  of  railroads  where 
Chinese  and  Japanese  were  employed  as  laborers;  no 
serious  encounters  occurred  however,  and  the  endeav- 
ors to  drive  out  the  foreigners  proved  futile.  During  the 
summer  of  this  year  a  bridge  was  constructed  over  the 
Spokane  river  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  below  the 
lake.  Oliver  Bros.,  of  Spokane,  were  the  builders. 
The  cost  of  construction  was  $2,475,  °f  which  the 
county  provided  $1,000,  the  balance  being  raised  by 
subscription. 

In  the  political  campaign  of  1898  three  parties  were 
in  the  field:  Republican,  Fusionist  and  Prohibitionist. 
The  Silver  Republicans,  Democrats  and  Populists  held 
separate  conventions,  but  all  nominated  the  same  can- 
didates for  the  various  offices  and  placed  them  before 
the  people  on  what  was  known  as  the  Fusionist  ticket. 
On  this  ticket  were  eight  Democrats,  four  Silver  Re- 
publicans and  four  Populists,  all  of  whom  were  elected. 
The  Prohibition  party  placed  candidates  in  the  field 
for  the  more  important  offices  and  endorsed  the  Re- 
publican candidates  for  the  others.  The  Silver  Re- 
publicans, Democrats  and  Populists  all  declared  for 
free  silver,  making  this  the  paramount  issue,  but  on 
Cuban  War  questions  and  the  tariff  they  made  declara- 
tions along  old  party  lines.  The  Republican  party 
reaffirmed  its  faith  in  the  gold  standard  as  the  founda- 
tion of  the  national  currency,  favored  a  protective 
tariff  and  the  retention  of  territory  wrested  from  Spain. 
A  vigorous  campaign  was  made  by  all  parties  with 
results  as  previously  given.  We  record  the  official 
figures  as  follows : 

For  state  senator:  Otis  F.  Warren,  Post  Falls, 
Republican,  771  votes;  William  Ainslee,  Bonner's 
Ferry,  Fusionist,  1069  votes;  S.  R.  Catlow,  Clark's 
Fork,  Prohibitionist,  2  votes;  Ainslee's  majority,  296. 
Representatives:  Steven  Adams,  Rathdrum,  Republi- 
can, 683 ;  George  W.  Lovewell,  Harrison,  Republican, 


685;  Otto  C.  Smith,  Hope,  Republican,  684;  Mrs. 
Mary  A.  Wright,  Rathdrum,  Fusion,  1123;  John  C. 
Glahe,  Hope,  Fusion,  1082;  Edward  McBee,  Rath- 
drum,  Fusion,  1143;  T.  G.  Hodgson,  Coeur  d'Alene, 
Prohibition,  100;  A.  M.  Martin,  Kootenai,  Prohibi- 
tion, 81  :  Thomas  Anderson,  St.  Maries,  Prohibition, 
i.  Auditor  and  clerk  of  court:  O.  E.  Bar,  St.  Maries, 
Republican,  816;  John  C.  Callahan,  Rathdrum,  Fu- 
sion, 1172;  Callahan's  majority,  356.  Sheriff:  Will- 
iam H.  Cable,  State  Line,  Republican,  737 ;  Fred  H. 
Bradbury,  Rathdrum,  Fusion,  1172;  E.  N.  Jellum, 
Coeur  d'Alene,  Prohibition,  100;  Bradbury's  majority, 
335.  •  Assessor :  James  E.  Russell,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Re- 
publican. 737;  Joseph  Buckle,  Rathdrum,  Fusion, 
1174;  James  H.  Kennedy,  Post  Falls,  Prohibition, 
47;  Buckle's  majority,  390.  Treasurer:  Minnie  A. 
Rose,  Rathdrum,  Republican,  927;  William  J.  Mc- 
Clure,  Rathdrum,  Fusion,  1014;  majority,  85.  Pro- 
bate judge,  A.  W.  Post,  Rathdrum,  Republican,  823; 
John  C.  Brady,  Rathdrum,  Fusion,  1099;  majority, 
276.  County  attorney:  Samuel  E.  Henry,  Bonner's 
Ferry,  Republican,  651 ;  John  B.  Goode,  Coeur  d'Alene, 
Fusion,  1209;  majority,  558.  County  superintendent 
of  public  ins'truction :  W.  H.  Edelblute,  Harrison,  Re- 
publican, 619;  Daniel  Van  Duzer,  Rathdrum,  Fusion, 
1172;  Mrs.  M.  Matheson,  Post  Falls,  Prohibition,  82; 
Van  Duzer's  majority,  471.  Surveyor:  William  Ash- 
ley, Jr.,  Rathdrum,  Republican,  923 ;  Joseph  C.  White, 
Clarkia,  Fusion,  972;  majority,  49.  Coroner,  Dr.  T. 
A.  Bishop,  Bonner's  Ferry,  Republican,  709;  Mark 
T.  Loop,  Hope,  Fusion,  1097;  E.  L.  Dennison,  State 
Line,  Prohibition,  67;  Loop's  majority,  321.  Com- 
missioners elected:  Louis  T.  Ditteniore,  first  dis- 
trict; Aaron  N.  Tucker,  second  district;  Nathan  G. 
Sisson  third  district,  all  Fusionists.  Frank  Stumen- 
berg,  Democratic  candidate  for  governor,  was  given 
972  votes  in  the  county,  a  majority  of  five  over  all 
other  candidates.  Edgar  Wilson,  Fusion  candidate 
for  congress,  received  992  votes,  a  majority  of  26  over 
all  other  candidates.  The  following  amendments  to  the 
State  constitution  were  voted  upon :  Shall  sec.  4. 
Article  18,  be  so  amended  as  to  prescribe  a  property 
qualification  for  division  and  creation  of  counties ;  for, 
584  votes:  against,  158  votes;  shall  Sec.  7,  Art.  18, 
be  so  amended  as  to  provide  for  the  compensation  of 
all  county  officials  by  annual  salaries  instead  of  fees, 
and  for  the  payment  of  actual  necessary  expenses  of 
such  officers,  instead  of  mileage;  for,  746  votes; 
against,  55  votes;  shall  Sec.  9,  Art.  18,  be  so  amended 
as  to  make  it  a  felony  for  any  county  official,  or  dep- 
uty, to  neglect  or  refuse  to  pay  into  the  county  treas- 
ury all  fees  in  excess  of  his  actual  and  necessary  ex- 
penses ;  for,  773  votes ;  against,  30  vote.s. 

In  the  latter  part  of  January,  1899,  Sheriff  Pease 
disappeared  from  his  accustomed  haunts  without  ex- 
planation to  his  deputies  or  friends  and  later  events 
and  investigations  proved  that  he  had  absconded  with 
several  thousand  dollars  of  the  county's  money.  He 
has  never  returned  and  his  whereabouts  is  still  a  mat- 
ter of  conjecture  only.  In  November,  1899,  County 
Attorney  Goode  filed  an  action  in  the  district  court 
igainst  George  H.  Pease  as  principal  and  W.  A.  Hart, 


776 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Frank  Wentz,  B.  F.  Butler  and  Henry  Reiniger  as 
sureties  on  his  official  bond.  The  complaint  alleged 
that  "George  H.  Pease  while  acting  as  sheriff  of  Koot- 
cnai  county  did  collect  and  receive  between  the  ist 
day  of  January,  1898,  and  the  gth  day  of  January, 
1899,  certain  license  taxes  from  divers  persons  engaged 
in  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  in  Kootenai  county, 
state  of  Idaho,  to  the  aggregate  sum  of  $4,000,  and  did 
receipt  for  the  same  as  sheriff,  and  did  fail  and  refuse, 
and  still  fails  and  refuses  to  pay  the  same  or  any  part 
thereof  to  the  treasurer  of  Kootenai  county,  or  to  the 
auditor  of  Kootenai  county,  or  to  any  one  at  all,  as  is 
by  law  required,  but  has  converted  the  same  to  his"  own 
use  and  has  absconded  from  this  county  to  parts  un- 
known." 

The  Kootenai  Valley  railroad  was  completed  from 
Bonner's  Ferry  across  the  International  boundary  at 
Porthill  in  September,  1899,  the  distance  being  some- 
thing less  than  twenty-six  miles.  Since  1893  Porthill 
has  been  a  port  of  import,  chosen  because  of  its  loca- 
tion on  the  trail  leading  to  and  from  the  Wild  Horse 
mining  region  in  Britsh  Columbia.  Prior  to  this  date 
United  States  customs  officers  and  immigrant  inspec- 
tors had  been  stationed  at  Bonner's  Ferry,  which  was 
also  on  the  old  trail  and  at  the  head  of  navigation  on 
the  Kootenai  river,  up  which  large  quantities  of  ore 
and  coal  were  shipped  from  the  British  possessions 
into  the  United  States.  The  effect  of  the  building 
of  the  Kootenai  Valley  railroad  to  Porthill  and  on  to 
Kuskonook,  B.  C,  on  the  Kootenai  lake,  was  to  divert 
the  import  trade  from  the  Kootenai  river  through 
Bonner's  Ferry,  to  the  K.  V.  railroad  through  Port- 
hill.  The  road  will  eventually  prove  the  principal 
factor  in  the  development  of  the  Kootenai  valley  when 
drainage  systems  shall  have  turned  this  vast  swamp 
into  an  arable  area. 

The  fee  system  of  paying  the  salaries  of  county 
officers  was  abolished  by  legislative  enactment  in  1899. 
The  act  provided  for  Kootenai  county  salaries  as 
follows:  Sheriff,  $2,000;  assessor,  $3,000;  auditor, 
$2,000;  treasurer,  $1,500;  probate  judge,  $1,500; 
school  superintendent,  $1,200;  surveyor,  $800;  cor- 
oner, $300;  commissioners,  each,  $1,000.  From  the 
assessor's  returns  for  this  year  we  learn  that  there 
were  in  the  county  40,924  acres  of  patented  lands, 
assessed  for  purpose  of  taxation  at  a  valuation  of 
$553-353-  The  total  valuation  of  real  and  personal 
property,  including  railroad,  telegraph  and  telephone 
lines,  was  $3,168,665.26.  The  report  showed  a  con- 
siderable advance  in  the  stock,  and  also  in  the  lumber 
industry. 

In  December,  1900,  placer  mines  were  discovered 
in  Camas  Cove  near  St.  Maries  river,  in  the  south- 
east part  of  the  county.  The  discoveries  were  made 
by  James  and  Henry  Tyson  and  Henry  Renfro.  The 
properties  have  come  to  be  known  as  the  Tyson  mines, 
a  town  so  named  having  grown  up  about  the  site  of  the 
original  prospect  grounds.  The  region  is  a  promising 
one  and  a  great  deal  of  capital  is  being  invested  there, 
in  development  work  and  in  the  introduction  of  min- 
ing machinery.  Further  details  concerning  the  mines 


will  be  found  in  the  descriptive  chapter  of  this  work 
and  in  the  history  of  the  town  of  Tyson. 

In  1891  the  total  bonded  indebtedness  of  Koot- 
enai county  was  $56,513.31.  This  had  increased  by 
the  year  1899  to  $166,623.57,  owing  to  several  issues 
of  bonds  for  public  improvements,  including  road  and 
bridge  building.  In  1887  bonds  to  the  amount  of 
$12,000  were  issued,  bearing  seven  per  cent  interest; 
in  1889  $6,000  in  eight  per  cent  bonds  were  issued ;  in 
1892  $80,000  in  six  per  cent  bonds  were  issued;  in 
1896  $49,000  in  bonds  were  issued,  bearing  six  per 
cent  interest.  In  1899,  while  but  one  thousand  dol- 
lars of  the  principal  became  due,  the  county  had  to  pay 
$9,357.83  in  interest  and  these  payments  in  addition 
to  the  usual  amounts  collected  for  current  expenses, 
constituted  a  heavy  burden,  that,  but  for  the  large 
amounts  paid  into  the  treasury  by  the  railroads,  could 
scarcely  have  been  borne  by  the  citizens.  In  1900 
railroad  property  in  Kootenai  county  was  valued  for 
taxation  at  $1,947,695.82,  all  other  property  at  $1,486,- 
238.36,  showing  the  railroad  interests  to  exceed  in 
value  all  other]  interests  combined,  by  $461,457.46. 
That  Kootenai  county  bonds  are  always  at  a  premium 
at  a  fair  rate  of  interest  is  due  largely  to  the  mills  or 
railroads  that  are  within  its  limits,  adding  as  they  do 
so  materially  to  real  values. 

As  a  record  to  which  it  will  be  interesting  to  turn 
in  future  years  when  the  county  shall  have  become 
fully  developed  and  thickly  populated,  we  give  the 
census  report  of  1900  by  precincts,  which  is  as  fol- 
lows: Harrison  precinct,  including  the  town,  1004, 
Coeur  d'Alene  precinct,  including  the  town,  931  ;  Rath- 
drum  precinct,  including  the  town,  985;  Athol  pre- 
cinct, 274;  Bellgrove,  193;  Bonner's  Ferry  precinct, 
including  the  town,  594  ;  Boulder,  52  ;  Boundary,  222  ; 
Carlin  Bay,  98;  Clark's  Fork,  229:  Cocolalla,  179; 
Klk  Mountain,  93;  Granite,  230;  Hauser  Junction, 
116;  Hope,  316;  Indian  Creek,  66;  Kootenai,  137; 
Lake  Creek,  70 ;  Lakeview,  84 ;  Markham,  75 ;  Medi- 
mont,  157;  Mica  Bay,  165;  Mission,  336;  Naples,  156; 
Northside,  65 ;  Post  Falls  precinct,  including  the  town, 
396;  Priest  River,  284;  Priest  Lake,  54;  Prairie,  128; 
St.  Joe,  70;  St.  Maries,  268;  Sandpoint,  507;  Santa, 
143;  Seneaquoteen,  170;  Spirit  Valley,  180;  State- 
line,  148 ;  Valley,  305  ;  Wolf  Lodge,  37 ;  Coeur  d'Alene 
Indian  reservation,  including  Indians  and  whites,  752 ; 
total,  10,269.  Harrison  was  then  the  largest  town  in 
the  county,  with  a  population  of  702;  Coeur  d'Alene 
followed  'with  508,  Rathdrum  with  407,  Bonne  ' 
Ferry  with  349,  Post  Falls  with  287. 

The  political  campaign  of  1900  was  fought  on  the 
same  issues,  with  but  little  variance,  announced  in  the 
platforms  of  1898.  There  were  several  parties  in  the 
field  and  four  tickets,  the  Republican,  Fusion,  Middle 
of  the  Road  Populist  and  Prohibition,  the  Fusion  ticket 
being  made  up  of  representative  Democrats,  Silver 
Republicans  and  Populists.  The  Prohibitionists  and 
Middle  of  the  Road  Populists  polled  an  insignificant 
vote.  A  few  Silver  Republicans  returned  to  old  party 
affiliations  this  year,  but  there  were  not  enough  peni- 
tents to  enable  the  Republican  party  to  overcome  the 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


combined  forces  arrayed  against  them  and  they  went 
down  under  majorities  ranging  from  in  for  county- 
attorney  to  436  received  by  Dwyer,  Fusion  candidate 
for  representative.     The  election  was  held  November 
6,  with  results  as  follows:  State  senator,  S.  P.  Don- 
nelly, Fusion,  1799;  William  F.  Whitaker,  Republi- 
can,  1389;  Donnelly's  majority,  410;  representatives, 
Kline  Wanamaker,  Carrie  E.  Lieberg  and  George  C. 
Thompson,   Republicans,    1407,    1350  and     1417,   re- 
spectively ;  J.  T.  Scott,  J.  C.  White  and  P.  J.  Dwyer, 
Fusionists,  1796,  1843,  1786,  respectively;  Fusion  ma- 
jorities, 389,  426  and  436 :  sheriff,  Edwin  Doust,  Re- 
publican,  1,481:  C.  W.  Dyer,  Fusion,  776,  majority, 
;    295;  treasurer,  Frank  O.  Hill,  Republican,  1,418,  W. 
J.    McClure,    Fusion,    1,826,  majority,    408;  probate 
[  judge,  A.  W.  Post,  Republican,   1,418,  J.  C.  Brady, 
>    Fusion,   1,798,  majority,  380;  county  attorney,  Ralph 
I  T.    Morgan,    Republican,      1,539,     James     Graham, 
[Fusion,     1,650,     majority,     in;     assessor,     Herbert 
[  Orvis,    Republican,     1,467,    H.    J.    Brothwick,    Fu- 
f  sion,   1,723,  majority,  256;  superintendent  of  instruc- 
I    tion,  R.   C.   Egbers,   Republican,    1,461,   Daniel   Van 
Duzer,  Fusion,   1,788,  majority,  327;  surveyor,  Will- 
iam Ashley,  Jr.,  Republican,   1,596,  B.  H.  Williams, 
1.    Fusion,    I, '573,    Ashley's  majority,  23;   (Ashley    was 
:    the  only  Republican  elected  to  office)  ;  coroner,  John 
Bushy,"  Republican,  1,520,  Dr.  G.  E.  Barker,  Fusion, 
1.658,    majority,     133:     commissioner,     first     district 
Clem  B.   King,  Republican,    1,390,   R.  D,   McKinnis, 
Fusion,   1,774,  majority,   384;  second  district,  R.  C. 
Thompson,   Republican',    1,489,   J.   W.   Ryan,   Fusion 
1,656,  majority,  167:  third  district,  George  Ross,  Re- 
publican. 1452,  W.  W.  Bush,  Fusion,  1745,  majority, 
293 ;  Thomas   L.   Glenn,   Fusion  candidate   for   con- 
gress, received  1,783  votes  in  Kootenai  county,  a  ma- 
jority of  322  over  his  Republican  opponent,  John  T. 
Morrison.      For   governor,    Frank   W.    Hunt,    Fusion 
candidate,  received  1,809  votes,  a  majority  of  396  over 
D.  W.  Stanwood,  Republican  candidate. 

In  1901  a  resolution  was  introduced  in  the  Wash- 
ington state  legislature,  reviving  the  question 
of  the  annexation  of  the  Idaho  Panhandle  to  Wash- 
ington. It  was  proposed  that  committees  from 
the  legislatures  of  the  two  states  meet  and  form- 
ulate a  plan  for  the  cession  of  the  territory  by  the  state 
of  Idaho  to  the  state  of  Washington.  The  newspa- 
pers of  Kootenai  county  were  outspoken  in  their  op- 
position to  trie  scheme,  one  paper  saying  editorially 
that  "That  there  was  a  time  when  the  citizens  of  the 
panhandle  of  Idaho  were  willing  to  be  annexed  to 
Washington,  but  that  was  about  the  time  when  Wash- 
ington was  admitted  as  a  state  and  when  the  chances 

very  bright.  Things  have  changed  now  and  it  can 
safely  be  said  that  not  one  in  a  hundred  in  this 
county  at  least  would  favor  being  annexed  to  Wash- 
ington. The  consent  and  co-operation  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  Idaho  will  never  be  secured  to  aid  and  abet 
the  dismemberment  of  our  proud  'Gem  of  the  Moun- 
tains,' "  The  efforts  of  the  Washington  legislatures 
came  to  naught. 

This  year  development  work  in  all  the  industries 


of  Kootenai  county  made  giant  strides,  in  fact  during 
the  two  preceding  years  advancement  was  rapid. 
Many  new  settlements  were  made  and  the  commis- 
sioners were  constantly  petitioned  for  roads  and 
bridges  for  the  convenience  of  ranchers  and  stock- 
men all  over  the  county.  In  compliance  with  these 
petitions  the  following  bridges  and  ferries  were  con- 
structed at  a  total  cost  of  $12,192.07:  Mission  bridge, 
at  Cataldo,  $365.34,  Priest  river  bridge,  $1,543.70, 
Coeur  d'Alene  bridge,  $3,254.30.  Trestle  Creek 
bridge  and  road,  $2,760.85.,  Wilson  Creek  bridge, 
$100.00,  bridge  signs,  $15.00,  Feeney  creek  bridge, 
Coeur  d'Alene  river,  $272.67,  Mission  creek  bridge, 
$100.00,  Lane  bridge  at  Lake  Killarney  outlet 
$698.05,  bridge  near  Kootenai,  $90.00,  bridge,  district 
No.  13,  $54.00,  bridge,  district  No.  43,  $40.09,  Sand 
creek  bridge,  $70.00,  bridge  over  Baldwin's  slough, 
$168.16,  miscellaneous  small  bridges  and  culverts  occas- 
ioned by  the  creation  of  new  roads,  $795.50,  Harrison 
trestle  and  ferry,  $1,401.80,  Lane  ferry  on  Coeur 
d'Alene  river,  $140.73,  Clark's  ferry,  $162.15,  Green's 
ferry,  Spokane  river,  $138.82.  As  an  evidence  that 
a  new  era  of  progress  began  in  1901,  we  cite  a  number 
of  stock  companies  that  filed  articles  of  incorporation 
with  the  county  recorder  this  year:  William  How- 
ard Land  and  Lumber  Company.,  capital  stock 
$500,000,  Humbird  Lumber  Company,  $500,000, 
Cameron  Lumber  Company,  $200,000,  Hope  Lumber 
Company,  $25,000,  LaClede  Lumber  Company, 
$100,000,  Empire  Lumber  Company,  $200,000,  Hey- 
den  Lake  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  $25,poo, 
North  Dakota  Mining  Company,  $75,000,  Bonner 
Mercantile  Company,  $20,000,  St.  Joe  Improvement 
Company,  $100,000,  Spokane  Valley  Land  and  Im- 
provement Company,  $500,000.  In  March  of  this  year 
a  deed  was  recorded  with  the  county  auditor  in 
which  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  trans- 
ferred to  the  Humbird  Lumber  Company  twenty 
thousand  and  eighteen  acres  of  timber  land  situated 
in  the  Priest  River  forest  reserve.  The  price  paid 
was  $144,133,  or  over  seven  dollars  per  acre. 

We  have  to  chronicle,  as  a  portion  of  the  record 


ture,  one  that  will  long  be  remembered  by  the  citizens 
of  Rathdrum  in  particular,  though  men's  hearts  were 
stirred  throughout  the  county,  and,  as  with  one  voice, 
an  angry  cry,  tempered  with  sorrow,  went  up  from 
every  town,  hamlet  and  home.  We  refer  to  the  as- 
sassination of  Judge  John  C.  Brady  at  Rathdrum  on 
the  night  of  July  5,  1901.  At  the  time  of  his  murder 
Mr.  Brady  was  editor  of  the  Rathdrum  Silver  Blade 
and  was  also  probate  judge  of  the  county.  In  the 
summer  of  1899  a  man  named  Henry  Williambusse 
was  brought  before  the  Judge  on  a  charge  of  insanity 
and  after  the  hearing  was  consigned  to  the  asylum 
for  the  insane  at  Blackfoot.  Several  months  after 
he  had  been  an  inmate  of  the  asylum  he  escaped  there- 
from, and  in  a  few  days  was  a'pprehended  at  Ogden, 
Utah,  and  returned  to  the  asylum,  and  remained  an 
inmate  there  until  the  month  of  June,  1900,  when  he 
again  escaped  and  made  his  way  back  to  Kootenai 
county  to  his  home  or  farm  near  Rathdrum. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


The  superintendent  of  the  asylum  wrote  to  the 
sheriff  of  Williambusse's  escape  and  requested  the 
sheriff  to  keep  "an  eye  on  him;"  that  if  he  showed 
symptoms  of  a  recurrence  of  his  trouble  to  take  him 
in  charge  and  to  notify  him  (the  superintendent). 
No  steps  were  taken  to  return  him  to  the  asylum,  al- 
though he  made  no  secret  of  the  deep-seated  grudge 
he  held  against  all  who  had  in  any  way  been  re- 
sponsible for  his  former  trial,  conviction  and  incar- 
ceration, and  made  many  threats  against  their  lives. 
On  the  night  of  July  5th  he  came  to  Rathdrum  with 
the  evident  purpose  of  executing  his  threats  against 
Judge  Brady.  Shortly  after  ten  o'clock  on  that  eve- 
ning he  found  the  Judge  at  work  with  the  typewriter 
in  his  office.  He  entered  unceremoniously  and  ac- 
costed him  in  the  following  language :  "How  are  you, 
Brady?  How  do  you  feel  tonight?  "  The  Judge 
looked  up,  unsuspicious  of  all  harm,  and  replied 
lightly,  "Pretty  fair;  how  are  you?"  The  assassin 
then  said :  "Take  that  in  your  old  face,"  drew  his 
revolver  and  fired;  after  which  he  put  out  the  light 
and  left  the  office.  The  ball  struck  the  Judge  in  the 
face,  under  the  right  eye,  and  went  almost  horizontally 
backward,  lodging  against  the  brain.  The  base  of  the 
skull,  as  learned  afterward,  was  penetrated  and  frac- 
tured. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sheriff  Dyer  were  retiring  in  their 
rooms  in  the  jail  building,  which  is  separated  by  a 
small  yard,  perhaps  fifty  feet  across,  from  Judge 
Brady's  office.  They  heard  the  shot,  but  the  report 
being  muffled  by  'the  walls  of  both  buildings, 
they  were  in  doubt  as  to  whether  it  was 
a  pistol  shot  or  the  report  of  a  cannon 
fire  cracker,  the  celebration  of  the  Fourth  being 
scarcely  over.  They  raised  a  window  and  peered  out 
into  the  darkness.  A  light  was  burning  in  Judge 
Brady's  office,  which  flickered  a  moment  and  went 
out.  Then  came  to  their  ears  an  agonized  cry  from 
the  Judge:  "I  am  murdered!"  "I  am  murdered !" 
Seizing  his  revolver.  Sheriff  Dyer  hastened  to  his  re- 
lief. As  he  reached  his  office  the  stricken  man  stag- 
gered out  and  fell  bleeding  to  the  side-walk.  A 
figure,  supposed  to  be  the  murderer,  was  seen  in  the 
shadows  and  heard  running  down  by  the  Catholic 
church.  The  sheriff  gave  pursuit,  but  the  figure  dis- 
appeared in  the  darkness.  The  deputies  were  then 
summoned  and  a  determined  pursuit  instituted. 
Meantime  the  wounded  man  had  been  taken  into  the 
office  of  the  jail  and  his  wounds  dressed  by  Dr.  Wenz, 
who  had  teen  hastily  summoned.  Mr.  Brady  was 
able  to  speak  in  a  rational  manner  of  the  terrible 
affair,  and  gave  an  account  of  the  shooting  substan- 
tially as  above,  saying  that  he  had  been  shot  by  that 
crazy  man,  Williambusse. 

Mr.  Brady  died  at  the  Sacred  Heart  Hospital, 
Spokane,  July  17,  after  eleven  days  of  great  suffering. 
Immediately  after  the  shooting  Sheriff  Dyer  offered 
a  reward  of  $200  for  the  assassin,  dead  or  alive,  and 
a  posse  of  twenty  men  besides  his  own  deputies 
scoured  the  country  in  every  direction.  On  Tuesday 
evening  following  the  murder  Williambusse  was  cap- 
tured, after  a  terrible  struggle,  on  Howard  street  in 


Spokane,  by  Police  Officer  McDermott.  He  was  re- 
turned to  Rathdrum  and  lodged  in  jail.  In  February, 
1902,  he  was  tried  in  the  district  court  and  convicted 
of  murder  in  the  second  degree  and  on  February  27th 
was  sentenced  to  hard  labor  for  the  rest  of  his  natural 
life  in  the  state  penitentiary  at  Boise. 

There  were  three  parties  in  the  field  in  the  political 
campaign  of  1902,  Republican,  Democrat  and  Social- 
ist. The  Republicans  held  their  convention  at  Sand- 
point,  August  5th,  and  placed  in  nomination  John  F.  . 
Yost,  of  that  place,  for  senator;  William  Ashley,  of 
Rathdrum,  James  Reid,  of  Coeur  d'Alene,  and  War- 
ren Flint,  of  Harrison,  representatives;  A.  V.  Cham- 
berlain, of  Coeur  d'Alene,  clerk  of  the  court;  E.  L. 
Whitney,  of  Bonner's  Ferry,  sheriff ;  R.  C.  Thompson, 
of  Rathdrum,  assessor ;  George  L.  Fitzsimmons,  of 
Mica  Bay,  treasurer;  T.  H.  Wilson,  of  Harrison, 
attorney;  John  R.  Wilson,  of  Rathdrum,  pro-  ] 
bate  judge;  Robert  C.  F.gbers,  of  Athol,  super-  1 
intendent  of  schools;  W.  H.  Edelblute,  of  Lane, 
surveyor;  T.  A.  Bishop,  of  Bonner's  Ferry,  coroner; 
Joseph  Fisher,  of  St.  Maries,  first  district,  A.  A. 
Merritt,  second  district,  Alex  Quirrie,  of  Hope, 
third  district,  commissioners.  The  convention  en- 
dorsed the  national  administration,  and,  among  other 
declarations,  favored  the  opening  to  settlement  of  the 
agricultural  portion  of  the  Priest  River  forest  reserve, 
and  a  portion  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indian  reservation. 

The  Democratic  convention  was  held  at  Coeur 
d'Alene  August  2ist  and  22nd.  The  Populists  con- 
vened at  the  same  time  and  place.  The  parties  held 
separate  conventions  and  adopted  resolutions  in  en- 
dorsement of  the  national  platform  of  each,  but  nom- 
nated  a  fusion  ticket  as  follows:  treasurer.  W.  J. 
McClure,  of  Rathdrum;  auditor,  T.  L.  Quarles,  of 
Rathdrum  :  assessor,  Charles  Waggoner,  of  Post  Falls  ; 
attorney,  James  Graham,  of  Coeur  d'Alene:  probate 
judge,  F.  A.  McCall,  of  Sandpoint;  sheriff,  F.  H. 
Bradbury,  of  Rathdrum ;  superintendent  of  schools, 
Daniel  Van  Duzer.  of  Rathdrum ;  surveyor,  Oscar 
Sheffield,  of  Rathdrum  :  coroner.  Dr.  O.  F.  Page,  of 
Sandpoint;  commissioners,  first  district,  R.  D.  Mc- 
Kinnis,  of  Coeur  d'Alene ;  second  district,  S.  H.  Wat- 
kins,  of  Athol :  third  district,  M.  V.  Bogel,  of  Bon- 
ner's Ferry;  state  senator,  T.  C.  White,  of  Coeur 
d'Alene ;  representatives,  S.  A.  Frear,  of  Hauser,  W.  F. 
Ninneman,  of  Hope,  and  Charles  S.  Moody,  of  Sand- 
point.  C.  S.  Moody,  of  Sandpoint,  Daniel  Van  Duzer, 
of  Rathdrum,  Charles  Wagoner,  of  Post  Falls,  and  R. 
D.  McKinnis,  of  Coeur  d'Alene,  nominees,  respectively, 
for  the  offices  of  representative,  school  superintendent, 
assessor  and  commissioner  first  district,  were  Popu- 
lists ;  the  remaining  candidates  were  Democrats. 

The  Socialists  met  at  Coeur  d'Alene  September 
22nd  and  nominated  for  state  senator  William  Platt, 
for  representatives,  J.  R.  Danborn,  Walter  Ellin  an<J 
George  Wright,  for  clerk  of  the  court,  K.  Brundage, 
for  sheriff,  Andrew  Thomas,  for  school  superintendent, 
J.  L.  Kennedy,  for  coroner.  S.  A.  Stowe,  for  commis- 
sioners, first  and  second  districts,  Samuel  Reid  and 
Jerry  Crather. 

In  the  election,  which  was  held  November  4th,  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


779 


Republicans  were  successful,  electing  their  candidates 
to  all  the  county  offices  with  the  exception  of  clerk  of 
the  district  court  and  probate  judge,  these  offices  going 
to  Democrats  by  small  pluralities.  B.  L.  French,  Re- 
publican candidate  for  congress,  was  given  a  plurality 
of  383;  John  T.  Morrison,  Republican  for  governor, 
a  plurality  of  404;  Ralph  T.  Morgan,  Republican  can- 
didate for  judge  of  the  first  judicial  district,  a  plurality 
I  of  378.  The  official  returns  of  the  county  are  as  fol- 
lows : 

For  state  senator,  J.  C.  White,  Democrat,  1,677 
votes,  John  F.  Yost,  Republican,  1,845  votes>  William 
Platt,  Socialist,  180  votes,  Yost's  plurality,  168;  for 
representatives,  S.  A.  Frear,  Democrat,  1,561,  Jan 


Reid,    Republican.    1,930,    J.    R.    Sanborn,    Socialist, 

•229,  W.  F.  Ninneman,  Democrat,  1,484,  William 
Ashley,  Jr.,  Republican,  2,029,  William  Ellin,  Social- 

mst,  171,  C.  S.  Moody,  Democrat,  1,554,  Warren  Flint, 
Republican.  1,873,  George  Wright,  Socialist,  185, 
Reid's  plurality,  168,  Ashley's  plurality,  445,  Flint's 

.plurality,  319;  clerk  of  district  court,  Thomas  L. 
Quarles,  Democrat,  1,811,  A.  V.  Chamberlain,  Repub- 
lican, 1,762,  K.  Brundage,  Socialist,  159,  Quarles'  plu- 

jj'  rality,  49 ;  sheriff,  Fred  H.  Bradbury,  Democrat, 
1,659,  Eugene  L.  Whitney,  Republican,  1,927,  Andrew 
Thomas,  Socialist,  165,  Whitney's  plurality,  268; 

1  treasurer,  W.  J.  McClure,  Democrat,  1,789,  G.  L. 
Fitzsimmons.  Republican,  1,862,  Fitzsimmons'  plural- 

|  ity,  73 ;  assessor,  Charles  Waggoner,  Democrat,  i  ,698, 
Robert  C.  Thompson,  Republican,  1,884,  plurality, 
186;  probate  judge,  Frank  A.  McCall,  Democrat, 
1,825,  John  R.  Wilson,  Republican,  1,793,  McCall's 

crat,  1,268,  Thomas  R.  Wilson,  2,275,  plurality,  1,007; 
superintendent  of  schools,  Daniel  Van  Duzer,  Demo- 
crat, 1,576.  Robert  C.  Egbers,  Republican,  1,957,  J- 
L.  Kennedy,  Socialist,  170,  Egber's  plurality,  381 ; 
surveyor.  Oscar  L.  Sheffield,  Democrat,  1,607,  William 
H.  Edelblute,  Republican,  1,951,  plurality,  344;  cor- 
oner, O.  F.  Page,  Democrat,  1,537,  Thomas  Bishop, 
Republican,  1,891,  S.  A.  Stowe,  Socialist,  161,  Bishop's 
plurality.  354 ;  commissioner,  first  district,  R.  D.  Mc- 
Kinnis,  Democrat,  1,607,  Joseph  Fisher,  Republican, 
1,880,  Samuel  Reid,  Socialist,  161,  Fisher's  plurality, 
173;  second  district,  S.  H.  Watkins,  Democrat,  1,498, 

I  A.  A.  Merritt,  Republican,  1,957,  Jerry  Crather,  So- 
cialist, 154,'  Merritt's  plurality,  459;  third  district, 

3  M.  V.  Bogue,  Democrat,  1,433,  Alex  Quirrie,  Republi- 
can, 2,055,  plurality,  622. 

A  few  months  ago  there  was  organized  in  British 
Columbia  the  Alberta  and  British  Columbia  Reclama- 
tion Company,  whose  purpose  was  to  build  dykes  along 
the  Kootenai  river  in  British  Columbia  in  order  to  en- 
.  close  and  save  from  overflow  seventeen  thousand  acres 
of  land  in  the  Kootenai  valley  on  the  Canadian  side. 
When  the  work  of  dyking  began  it  was  discovered 
by  the  farmers  on  the  American  side  of  the  Interna- 
tional boundary  that  their  lands  would  be  greatly 
damaged  on  account  of  the  back  water  causing  a  longer 
and  deeper  overflow  than  they  had  heretofore  suffered 
by  the  usual  spring  and  summer  freshets.  Protests 
proving  of  no  avail,  C.  S.  Smith,  representing  himself 


and  sixty  other  settlers  in  the  Idaho  Kootenai  valley, 
began  proceedings  by  injunction  in  November,  1902,  in 
the  Kootenai  district  court  before  Judge  Mayhew,  to 
enjoin  the  reclamation  company  from  completing  the 
dykes.  A  temporary  restraining  order  was  granted 
on  an  ex  parte  application.  Soon  afterward  the  de- 
fendants in  the  suit  made  a  motion  to  dissolve  this  re- 

the  arguments  on  this  motion,  and,  on  account  of  the 
general  equities  disclosed  by  the  pleadings  and  evi- 
dence and  because  of  the  conflicting  testimony  of  the 
witnesses  examined,  Judge  Mayhew  made  a  second 
order  dissolving  and  vacating  the  injunction.  At  the 

1903,  Judge  Morgan  presiding,  C.  S.  Smith  entered 
personal  suit  against  the  Canadian  Reclamation  Com- 
pany for  five  thousand  dollars,  on  account  of  damage 
done  to  his  land  by  floods,  caused  by  the  dykes.  Judge 
•Morgan  rendered  a  judgment  in  his  favor  for  the 
amount  asked.  With  this  precedent  established  it  is 
probable  that  other  similar  suits  will  follow.  The  re- 
clamation of  the  lands  of  the  Kootenai  valley  by  dykes, 
or  some  system  of  drainage,  is  a  question  that  will  de- 
mand attention  in  the  future,  and  the  accomplishment 
of  the  task  will  require  the  expenditure  of  a  vast 
amount  of  capital.  But  the  expenditure  will  prove  a 
splendid  investment,  as  perhaps  the  richest  agricul- 
tural lands  in  the  county  are  in  this  valley  and  they 
only  need  to  be  properly  drained  to  become  highly  pro- 
ductive. 

Advancement  in  Kootenai  county  in  1962  exceeded, 
if  possible,  that  of  1901.  The  total  valuation  of  all 
property  at  the  close  of  the  year  was  $4,095,946.40,  an 
increase  of  $366,733.89  over  the  valuation  of  1901. 
There  were  574,997  acres  of  patented  lands,  valued, 
with  improvements,  at  $1,148,763.  This  is  of 
course  far  below  the  market  value.  Twenty- 
six  saw  mills  were  in  full  operation  and  four- 
teen steamers  plied  on  lakes  and  rivers.  The  Spokane 
Valley  Improvement  Company  began  the  work  of 
irrigating  Rathdrum  prairie.  The  erection  of  new 
saw  mills  on  the  lakes  and  streams,  and  the  building 
of  stamp  mills  and  smelters  in  the  mining  regions 
was  a  feature  of  the  closing  months.  That  the  spirit 
of  progress  has  not  wearied  is  evidenced  in  the  fact  that 
during  the  first  three  months  of  1903  there  were  396 
deeds,  96  mortgages,  65  mining  locations,  76  U.  S. 
Patents  and  receivers  receipts,  48  possessory  right 
claims,  15  mining  deeds  and  33  mortgage  releases  filed 
with  the  county  auditor.  During  this  time  there  were 
also  filed,  articles  of  incorporation  by  the  Richmond 
Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  capital  $100,000; 
Conjecture  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  capital, 
$62,500;  St.  Joe  Boom  Company,  capital,  $82,000; 
Northland  Pine  Company,  capital  $100,000;  Springs- 
ton  Lumber  Company,  capital,  $75,000;  Wisconsin 
Log  and  Lumber  Company,  capital  $500,000.  There 
are  now  more  miles  of  railroad  in  Kootenai  county 
than  in  any  other  county  in  the  state,  the  total  of  the 
four  main  lines  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  being  260  miles ;  and  other  lines  are 
projected,  among  them  an  electric  road  from  Spokane 


78o 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  Coeur  d'Alene,  the  surveys  for  which  have  been 
made  and  the  material  ordered ;  a  branch  of  the  O.  R. 
and  N.  is  contemplated  from  Farmington,  Washington, 
to  Coeur  d'Alene,  through  a  heavily  timbered  section ; 
the  Spokane  and  Kootenai  railroad,  for  which  surveys 
have  been  made,  will  run,  when  built,  from  Spokane  to 
Rathdrum ;  thence  to  Sandpoint  and  north  to  Bonner's 
Ferry;  thence  up  the  Kootenai  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Movie  river;  thence  up  the  Moyie  to  the  Canadian 
line,  where  connection  will  be  made  with  the  Canadian 
Pacific  railroad.  With  the  completion  of  these  roads 
the  lumber  and  mining  industries  of  Kootenai  county 
will  be  equipped  with  splendid  shipping  facilities  and 
will  continue  to  advance  as  wealth  producers,  adding 
wonderfully  each  year  to  the  general  prosperity  of  the 
county. 

For  a  number  of  years  Kootenai  county  made  less 
progress  than  did  some  other  sections  of  Idaho,  but  her 
record  in  the  past  four  years  is  unsurpassed  and  scarcer 
ly  equalled  by  that  of  any.  other  county  in  the  state, 
and  all  her  industries  are  in  the  early  stages  of  devel- 
opment. While  we  laud  the  energy  and  enterprise  of 
the  managers  of  business  corporations  that  are  now 
invading  its  forests  and  mining  regions  with  roads 
and  mills  and  machinery,  building  up  and  beautifying 
its  towns,  planting  here  and  there  institutions  of  learn- 
ing and  bringing  with  them  the  best  gifts  and  the 
highest  virtues  of  civilization,  adorning  the  wilder- 


ness with  the  home,  the  church  and  the  school,  we 
must  not  forget  to  honor  the  sturdy  pioneer  who  blazed 
the  way  over  which  have  come  the  forces  that  vitalize 
and  energize  and  enlighten.  In  Kootenai  county 
there  is  no  pioneer's  association  and  we  are  unable  to 
give  a  complete  list  of  the  frontiersmen  who  first  pen- 
etrated the  unexplored  mountain  recesses  and  went 
fearlessly  into  the  depths  of  the  black  forest,  making 
the  slender,  winding  trail  that  eventually  broadened 
into  a  highway  for  the  march  of  advancing  civilization. 
But  there  are  many  of  these  old  heroes  in  different 
parts  of  the  county  and  their  names  will  be  found  ini  1 
connection  with  the  history  of  the  various  settlements  • 
and  towns.  They  are  in  every  particular  worthy  the 
high  tribute  recently  paid  the  pioneeers  at  Edgemont, 
South  Dakota,  by  President  Roosevelt  when  he  said:;' 
"Honor  to  all  good  citizens,  bat  honor  most  of  all  to 
the  men  who  took  the  lead  in  taming  the  shaggy  wil- 
derness, to  the  trail  blazers,  to  the  men  who  marked  out 
that  earliest  of  highways,  the  spotted  line,  the  blazed 
trail.  You  belong  to  that  body  of  men  who  conquered 
a  continent  for  a  race  and  a  people  and  you  did  your; 
full  share  in  making  the  nineteenth  century  the  most 
wonderful  upon  which  the  sun  has  ever  shown."  The 
pioneer  days  are  gone  but  many  of  the  pioneers  yet| 
live.  All  honor  to  their  sturdy  manhood,  their  fearless 
natures  and  their  lofty  virtues. 


CHAPTER   IV. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


RATHDRUM. 

In  pleasing  contrast  with  the  arid  regions  of  Mon- 
tana on  the  east  and  Washington  on  the  west  are  the 
wooded  hills  and  mountains,  the  winding,  picturesque 
valleys,  and  the  beautiful  lake  regions  of  the  Panhan- 
dle of  Idaho.  The  west  bound  traveler  on  the  North- 
ern Pacific  railroad  is  enchanted  with  the  beauty  and 
grandeur  of  the  vanishing  views  thrown  upon  the 
vista  as  the  coach  speeds  along  the  broken  shores  of 
the  magnificent  lake  Pend  Oreille.  To  the  left 
spreads  the  level  body  of  water,  in  storm  lashing  its 
rocky  confines  with  power  and  fury,  in  calm,  reflecting 
rugged  mountains  clothed  with  p'rimeval  forests  and 
crowned  with  everlasting  snows.  To  the  right  is  a 
bold  outline  of  peaks  and  ridges  with  intervening  can- 
yons receding  into  depths  of  mystery  and  gloom. 
After  an  hour's  ride  amid  changing  lake  and  mountain 
scenes  a  level  timbered  stretch  is  traversed  which  ter- 
minates at  the  foothills  on  the  northern  edge  of  the 


valley  of  the  Spokane  river,  termed  locally  the  Rath- 
Here   when   plain   and   forest,   vale   and  mountain  | 
meet  has  been  built  the  village  of  Rathdrum,  one  of  1 
the  older  towns  of  Northern  Idaho,  and  the  present  * 
county  seat  of  Kootenai  county.     Since  the  first  set-  • 
tiers  laid  the  foundations  of  permanent  homes  in  this  •' 
part  of  the  state  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago 
Rathdrum  has  been  a  town  of  importance  geographi- 
cally and  politically.     In  it  has  centered  the  political 
life  and  about  it  have  been  fought  the  political  battles 
of  the   commonwealth.      In    1871,   in   a   cabin   which 
stood  near   the   present   site   of  the   home  of   Charles 
Wesley  Wood,  the  rider  on  the  pony  mail  and  express 
route  from  Walla  Walla,  Washington,  to  Misssoula, 
Montana,  rested  for  a  brief  period  and  made  a  hasty 
meal  of  venison  or  bear  meat  and  beans  while  saddle 
and  pack  were  being  transferred  to  the  back  of  a  fresh 
relay.     About  the  cabin  was  a  small  clearing,  but  be- 
yond this  the  trail  wound  in  either  direction  through 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


781 


a  dense  forest  of  pine,  primitive  and  unexplored  ex- 
cept by  wild  beasts  and  savages.  Over  all  of  the  pres- 
ent site  of  the  village  spreads  this  wilderness  of  pines 
and  the  occupant  of  the  lone  cabin  was  the  only 
dweller  within  the  present  limits  of  the  village. 

The  close  of  the  next  decade  witnessed  but  few 
transformations.  The  cabin  was  still  buried  in  the 
forest.  The  trail  had  but  recently  been  widened  to  a 
passable  road,  and  the  wild  beast  and  savage  still 
roamed  where  now  stand  the  homes  and  commercial 
buildings  of  a  civilized  and  prosperous  people. 

The  first  occupant  of  the  lone  cabin  was  a  hunter 
and  trapper  named  Connors  who  squatted  on  the  land 
and  built  the  structure  in  1861.  In  1871  his  squatter 
rights  were  purchased  by  Frederick  Post,  who,  after 
the  government  survey  had  been  made,  journeyed  by 
horse  and  boat  all  the  way  to  Lewiston,  where  a  Uni- 
ted States  land  office  had  recently  been  established,  to 
file  on  the  claim.  Mr.  Post's  title  to  the  land  was 
afterwards  transferred  to  his  son-in-law,  Charles 
Wesley  Wood,  who  still  resides  on  it  and  who  has  the 
distinction  of  being  the  pioneer  citizen  of  Rathdrum. 
The  greater  part  of  the  present  town  site  lies  within 
the  original  boundary  lines  of  this  homestead,  whose 
legal  description  is  as  follows:  Southeast  quarter  of 
section  thirty-six,  township  fifty-two  north,  range  five 
west  of  Boise  meridian.  Rathdrum  was  at  first  called 
Westwood  in  honor  of  her  pioneer.  In  1881  a  post- 
.office  was  regularly  established  with  Zach  Lewis  as 
postmaster.  Shortly  after  its  establishment  instruc- 
tions were  received  from  the  postoffice  authorities  at 
Washington  to  give  the  office  a  new  name.  The  rea- 
son assigned  for  desiring  a  change  was  the  existence 
of  other  offices  throughout  the  territory  bearing 
.names  similar  to  Westwood.  Mr.  Lewis  was  unable  to 
choose  one  to  his  own  satisfaction  and  appealed  to  M. 
•M.  Cowley,  ex-president  of  the  Traders'  National 
Bank,  of  Spokane,  then  living  at  Spokane  Bridge  on 
the  boundary  line  between  Washington  and  Idaho. 
Mr.  Cowley  recited  a  number  of  names,  among  them, 
incidentally,  Rathdrum,  the  place  of  his  nativity  in  Ire- 
land. This  was  selected  by  Mr.  Lewis  as  a  name 
likely  to  be  sufficiently  satisfactory  to  the  Washington 
authorities,  and  Westwood  became  Rathdrum.  Dur- 
ing the  'sixties  and  'seventies  there  were  no  permanent 
white  settlers,  other  than  those  named,  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Wood  ranch.  At  Bonner's  Ferry  and  at  Senea- 
quoteen  were  fur  trading  posts,  and  in  the  mountains 
and  along  the  streams  were  a  few  temporary  habita- 
tions occupied  by  trappers  and  hunters.  These  were 
usually  squaw  men  who  had  taken  unto  themselves 
wives  from  the  Spokane  or  Kootenai  tribes  of  Indians, 
and  who  took  no  part  in  the  future  development  of  the 
country's  resources.  There  were  at  this  time  no  ap- 
parent causes  that  would  naturally  produce  a  commer- 
cial and  political  center  in  the  wilderness. 

The  period  of  transformation  came  with  the  dawn- 
ing of  the  next  decade.  Important  events  crowded 
themselves  thick  and  fast  into  the  early  'eighties.  Be- 
fore the  close  of  the  year  1882  the  wilderness  of  1879 
had  been  transformed  into  a  town  site :  a  new  county 
had  been  organized ;  the  steel  rails  of  trans-continental 


road  had  been  laid  through  what  had  become  a  grow- 
ing village ;  a  saw  mill  had  been  erected  and  was  man- 
ufacturing lumber  to  supply  the  demands  of  men 
who  were  building  permanent  homes;  from  a 
cabin  station  on  a  frontier  pony  mail  route,  there 
had  developed  the  village  of  Rathdrum,  the  county 
seat  of  Kootenai  county,  and  less  than  two  years  later 
it  boasted  a  population  of  more  than  one  thousand. 

The  survey  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  was 
made  in  1880.  Immediately  thereafter  settlements 
began  to  be  made  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Wood  cabin. 
Aside  from  the  fact  that  this  had  been  a  relay  point 
on  the  overland  mail  route,  it  afforded  no  special  ad- 
vantage as  a  railroad  station  or  as  a  location  for  a 
town.  But  in  the  minds  of  the  railroad  people  this 
constituted  a  sufficient  reason  and  when  the  track  was 
eventually  laid  in  July,  1881,  Rathdrum  became  a  sta- 
tion on  the  road  and  in  consequence  the  most  important 
town  in  extreme  northern  Idaho.  At  the  time  of  the 
establishment  of  the  station  there  were  not  more  than 
half  a  dozen  men  within  the  present  limits  of  the  vil- 
lage who  had  come  in  quest  of  permanent  homes. 
Among  these  were  Louis  Eilert,  Fred  H.  Bradbury, 
Wesley  Wood,  J.  G.  Brophy  and  M.  D.  Wright. 
Bradbury  and  Eilert  were  the  first  to  erect  a  building 
and  open  a  general  store.  They  were  followed  by 
Wonnacott  and  Sander,  who  conducted  a  general  mer- 
chandise store.  George  B.  Wonnacott  followed  Zach 
Lewis  as  postmaster.  Aside  from  the  advent  of  the 
railroad,  the  most  important  events  of  the  years  1881 
and  1882  were  the  laying  out  and  platting  of  the  town 
site  by  M.  D.  Wright  and  C.  W.  Wood  in  July,  1881, 
and  the  erection  of  a  saw  mill  by  Frederick  Post  in 
1882.  In  1882  Henry  Reiniger  came  to  Rathdrum 
from  Calvills,  Washington,  and  built  a  brewery  on 
Fish  Creek  one-half  mile  from  town.  The  cost  of  con- 
struction was  something  over  five  thousand  dollars. 
In  the  winter  of  1881  and  1882  C.  W.  Wood  erected  a 
livery  barn  on  the  ground  now  occupied  by  the  office 
building  of  the  Panhandle  Abstract  Company.  Others 
who  were  in  business  in  1882  were  Lewis  Lee,  J.  G. 
Brophy  and  Samuel  Hayes. 

As'  has  before  been  stated  the  present  site  of  the 
town  was  at  that  time  covered  with  a  forest  of  yellow 
pine.  It  was  nearly  all  saw  timber  and  for  several 
years  the  Post  mill  was  kept  running  to  its  fullest  ca- 
pacity in  order  to  supply  the  local  demand  for  lumber 
for  building  purposes,  much  of  the  timber  being  taken 
from  the  town  site.  Planing  machinery  had  been  in- 
stalled in  connection  with  the  mill  plant  which  proved 
a  most  profitable  investment  for  its  builder  and  owner. 
M.  D.  Wright  came  to  the  county  in  1881  and  in  July 
of  the  same  year  moved  to  Rathdrum  and  purchased 
one-half  interest  in  sixty  acres  of  land  from  C.  W. 
Wood  and  thus  became  interested  with  him  in  the 
town  site.  Mr.  Wright  is  an  energetic  business  man 
who  has  the  faculty  of  making  everything  succeed 
with  which  he  identifies  himself  and  'to  him  is  due 
much  of  the  substantial  prosperity  of  Rathdrum  in 
later  years.  Realizing  that  Ratlulrum  must  eventual- 
ly become  the  center  of  a  prosperous  farming  communi- 
ty, he  opened  a  general  store  with  Fred  H.  Bradbury  as 


782 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


partner,  the  firm  name  being  M.  D.  Wright  &  Co. 
Later  he  became  sole  proprietor.  By  careful  manage- 
ment, from  a  comparatively  small  beginning  he  has 
built  up  a  trade  the  most  extensive  of  any  commercial 
house  in  the  village. 

In  the  Rathdrum  store  he  now  carries  a  stock  of 
goods  valued  at  $30,000.  In  the  year  1902  the  bus- 
iness transactions  at  this  stand  and  at  another  store 
conducted  at  St.  Maries  together  footed  $120,000. 
In  1886  Mr.  Wright  secured  the  tie  contract  from  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad  company  for  the  branch  road 
from  Hauser  Junction  to  Coeur  d'Alene  and  ever  since 
that  time  he  has  furnished  ties  for  the  company.  He 
has  each  year  furnished  from  150,000  to  300,000  ties 
for  which"  he  has  received  an  average  of  about  twenty- 
six  cents  each.  The  company  has  paid  him  for  ties 
furnished  in  Kootenai  county  since  1886  about  $1,000,- 
ooo.  In  this  work  he  has  added  very  materially  to 
the  general  prosperity  of  town  and  county. 

The  town  site  was  surveyed  and  platted  in  July, 
1881,  and  its  real  history  may  be  said  to  date  from  this 
event.  Almost  the  first  subject  to  claim  the  considera- 
tion of  the  community  when  it  consisted  of  scarcely 
more  than  a  dozen  families  was  that  of  educational 
facilities.  Realizing-  the  importance  of  intellectual 
training  to  assure  success  in  the  varied  walks  of  life 
and  being  considerate  of  the  needs  of  the  very  few 
youths  whose  homes  were  in  and  about  the  village  they 
soon  began  preparations  for  a  term  of  school.  This 
school  was  taught  in  the  winter  of  1882  and  1883  by 
Miss  Viola  Mulkins  in  a  small  building  back  of  the 
present  site  of  the  Heitman  law  office.  Miss  Mulkins 
resigned  before  her  term  was  completed  and  it  was 
finished  by  Miss  Kate  Powers,  who  taught  until  the 
fire  in  September,  1884,  when  the  school  house  was 
destroyed.  This  was  the  beginning  of  the  school  work 
in  Rathdrum,  in  which  the  citizens  have  always  taken 
a  special  interest,  and  which  has  developed  into  the 
public  schools  of  the  present  day,  second  to  none  in  the 
county  in  modern  appointments  and  efficiency. 

The  year  1883  inaugurated  a  period  of  marked 
prosperity  for  Rathdrum  which  lasted  through  the  fol- 
lowing three 'or  four  years.  The  Coeur  d'Alene  mines 
had  been  discovered  and  there  was  a  great  rush  of 
prospectors  into  the  promising  region  from  all  points 
of  the  compass.  The  most  accessible  route  to  the 
mines  at  that  time  was  via  the  Northern  Pacific  rail- 
road from  the  east  or  west  to  Rathdrum,  thence  across 
the  country  to  Coeur  d'Alene  and  up  the  lake  and  the 
Cceur  d'Alene  river.  Rathdrum  became  the  outfitting 
point  for  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines,  and  as  a  result  many 
business  houses  and  residences  were  erected,  all  lines 
of  business  enjoyed  a  prosperous  era  and  the  popula- 
tion of  the  village  increased  and  multiplied  until  it 
passed  the  one  thousand  mark  in  1884.  Among  the 
business  men  of  this  period  were  Wonnacott  &  San- 
ders, Eilert  &  Bradbury,  Cotninski  &  Sons,  Thomas 
Ford,  J.  G.  Brophy,  George  B.  McCabe,  who  con- 
ducted a  livery  and'  stage  line  to  Coeur  d'Alene ;  Levi 
Esch,  J.  S.  Woolery,  W.  H.  Cleland,  liveries ;  James  H. 
Kennedy  and  A.  M.  Martin,  blacksmiths ;  A.  W.  Post, 
justice  of  the  peace,  also  conducted  the  saw  mill;  Mr. 


and  Mrs.  R.  C.  Cutting,  restaurant.  Mrs.  Cutting  fol- 
lowed George  B.  Wonnacott  as  postmistress,  and 
was  in  turn  followed  in  this  office  by  Mrs.  S.  F.  Smith. 
In  1883  Joseph  Porier  purchased  the  lot  where  stands 
the  present  Woodman  Lodge  building,  paying  for  it 
the  sum  of  four  hundred  dollars.  He  erected  here  the 
first  village  blacksmith  shop.  The  building  was 
burned  in  August,  1884.  Mr.  Porier  rebuilt  in  Sep- 
tember of  the  same  year  on  the  site  which  he  now  occu- 
pies and  was  again  burned  out  in  1886.  His  present 
shop  was  erected  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  During 
these  pioneer  years  a  live  newspaper,  known  as  the 
Rathdrum  Courier,  was  published  by  Mark  Musgrove. 

Water  works  were  put  in  by  Frederick  Post  in 
1883.  It  is  a  gravity  system,  the  water  coming  from 
Spring  Branch,  which  has  its  source  in  the  mountains 
north  of  town.  A  dam  in  the  stream  forms  a  reservoir 
from  which  the  water  is  piped  directly  to  the  mains  in 
the  village.  In  later  years  a  tank  was  built  for  storage 
purposes  with  a  capacity  of  eight  hundred  barrels.  Its 
elevation  above  the  town  is  sufficient  to  produce  a 
pressure  of  sixty-five  pounds  at  the  street  hydrants, 
thus  giving  adequate  protection  against  fire.  In  1884 
Mr.  Post  sold  the  plant  to  Henry  Reiniger,  who  orga- 
nized a  stock  company  for  its  management  and  opera- 
tion, disposing  of  a  portion  of  his  interest  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  company.  The  stockholders  are  John  Rus- 
sell, Frank  Wenz,  estate  of  Henry  Reiniger,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Joseph  Porier,  David  Holgman  and  Lorenzo 
Nicholson,  of  Spokane,  and  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  of  , 
Sandpoint.  Mr.  Russell  is  president  and  treasurer,  and 
Mr.  Wenz  is  secretary.  The  first  cost  of  the  plant  was 
seven  thousand  dollars.  Since  1883,  however,  several  j 
thousand  dollars  have  been  expended  in  improvements 
and  its  present  value  is  more  than  double  the  original  ; 
cost. 

In  the  summer  of  1882  a  small  school  building  was 
erected  back  of  the  present  site  of  the  Heitman  law 
office.  It  was  burned  in  September,  1884,  and  during 
the  winter  of  1884  and  1885  a  school  was  taught  by 
R.  D.  Robinson  in  a  house  which  stood  opposite  the 
present  site  of  the  Catholic  church,  and  which  had  been 
built  for  a  residence.  The  next  year  the  building  was 
purchased  from  Thomas  Ford  for  school  purposes  and 
it  continued  to  be  used  as  a  school  house  for  several  j 
years  until  eventually  purchased  by  the  Catholics  and 
converted  into  a  church.  It  was  torn  down  in  1900  at 
the  time  of  the  erection  of  the  present  brick  church. 
The  school  term  of  1885  and  1886  was  taught  by  Miss 
Nettie  Pipes.  The  members  of  the  school  board  during 
this  period  were  Louis  Lee,  Henry  Remiger  and  Dr. 
Masterson,  and  among  the  early  school  teachers  not 
mentioned  above  were  Miss  Paul  and  Mrs.  J.  G. 
Brophy. 

Rathdrum's  booming  period  continued  until  the 
branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  was  completed  to  Coeur 
d'Alene  City  in  1886.  Up  to  this  time  an  immense 
trade  was  carried  on  with  the  mining  camp  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  and  nearly  all  prospectors  who  were 
bound  for  the  camps  came  to  Rathdrum  to  purchase 
supplies.  As  is  invariably  the  case  during  periods  of 
unnatural  building  and  business  activity  there  were  at 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


7»3 


this  lime  many  transients  located  at  Rathdrum,  who, 
as  soon  as  the  depot  of  supplies  was  transferred  to  the 
terminus  of  the  new  branch  of  railroad,  and  travel  to 
and  from  the  mines  was  diverted  to  the  new  route, 
drifted  with  the  outgoing  tide  and  in  a  few  months  the 
population  of  Rathdrum  dropped  from  a  thousand  to  a 
few  hundred.  In  the  seventeen  years  that  have  elapsed 
since  this  reactionary  period  the  village  has  not  re- 
gained more  than  half  what  it  lost  in  numbers  durirtg 
the  years  of  1886  and  1887. 

Following  this  eventful  period  were  several  years 
of  comparative  inactivity  in  business  matters.  Aside 
from  the  shipment  of  railroad  ties,  of  lumber  from  the 
saw  mill  and  wild  hay  from  the  adjacent  prairie  there 
was  little  doing  in  a  business  way.  There  were  no 
industrial  demands  that  could  be  supplied  from  the  un- 
developed resources  of  the  surrounding  country. 
Some  prospecting  was  done  in  the  foot  hills  and  in 
many  cases  promising  assays  were  obtained  from  sur- 
face excavations.  Expectations  ran  high  at  times  that 
Rathdrum  was  destined  to  become  a  great  mining  cen- 
ter, and  there  are  those  who  still  believe  that  when  pro- 
cesses for  handling  low  grade  ores  are  cheapened  and 
capital  can  be  induced  to  erect  mills  in  the  vicinity, 
Rathdrum  mountain  and  its  lesser  neighbors  will  give 


But  thus  f 
into  pr 
properties.     Although  there  is  a  considerable 


e  precious  metals. 

of  the  prospects  have  developed  into  producing 
area  of 


igr'icultural  land  tributary  to  Rathdrum  at  the  time  of 
which  we  write  the  farming  and  stock  raising  indus- 
tries were  in  their  infancy ;  but  few  locations  had  been 
taken  up  and  those  that  were  occupied  were  yielding 
barely  enough  for  home  consumption. 

Among  the  obstacles  with  which  Rathdrum  has 
had  to  contend  have  been  numerous  disastrous  fires, 
which,  although  they  have  in  a  way  acted  as  a  tempo- 
rary clog  in  the  wheel  of  progress,' have  ultimately  re- 
sulted in  the  erection  of  handsome  and  substantial 
business  houses  and  dwellings  over  the  ruins  of  the  old 
structures,  thus  giving  to  the  village  a  much  better  gen- 
eral appearance.  The  first  of  these  fires  occurred  in 
September,  1883,  when  the  school  house  and  some 
small  structures  near  it  were  destroyed.  A  general 
fire  occurred  in  October,  1884,  an  account  of  which  is 
as  follows :  Fire  broke  Out  at  ten  p.  m.,  the  27th,  in 
a  small  unoccupied  building  in  the  rear  of  Rector's 
drug  store,  destroying  the  entire  business  portion  of 

i  the  town — fifty-five  buildings.  Losses  aggregated 
$85,000  as  follows:  Lee  &  Jackson,  saloon,  $4,000; 

?  Hanry  Gordon,  saloon,  $4,000;  Wonnacott  &  Glass, 
general  merchandise,  $19,000;  J.  H.  Smith,  $3,500; 
Dr.  C.  W.  Weaver,  Coeur  d'Alene  hotel,  including 
office  and  instruments,  $4,500;  Rector  Bros.,  drugs, 
$2,500;  John  W.  Smith,  liquors  in  storage,  $2,500; 
George  W.  McCabe,  livery  and  stage  company, 
82,500;  T.  G.  Brophy,  saloon",  $2,000;  E.  A.  Boblett, 
American  Hotel,  $2,000:  Sibley  &  Ish,  $2,000;  C.  M. 
Benson,  $2,000;  C.  W.  Wood",  livery,  $25,000;  John 
McCrea,  hardware,  $2,000;  Sun  Chung  Company, 
$2,000:  S.  C.  Cramer,  $2,000;  Thomas  Ford,  $2,500; 
T.  K.  Hireen,  $2,000;  A.  P.  Powell,  $1,000:  John  Rus- 
sell, $1,000;  Oliver  Edmund,  $1,000;  Henry  Keiser, 


$1,500:  Branch  of  Sprague  Brewery,  $1,500;  W.  A. 
Hart,  $1,100;  George  Stafford,  $1,000;  W.  W.  Mus- 
grove,  residence  and  office  of  the  Kootenai  Courier, 
$1,000 ;  and  others  in  smaller  amounts.  No  insurance 
was  carried  except  on  the  Wonnacott  &  Glass  property. 
Over  twenty  families  were  made  destitute.  Not  a  bus- 
ness  house  was  left  in  town  and  no  provisions  were  on 
hand.  Temporary  relief  was  obtained  from  Spokane. 
The  fire  was  supposed  to  have  been  of  incendiary  ori- 
gin. 

Again  in  August,  1886,  a  similar  but  less  disastrous 
fire  consumed  several  structures  on  the  main  business 
street.  May  29,  1890,  a  fire  started  in  a  restaurant 
adjoining  a  saloon  conducted  by  Bradley  &  Butler. 
Although  the  fire  was  discovered  soon  after  it  had 
broken  out  the  flames  got  beyond  control  and  buildings 
occupied  as  follows  were  rapidly  destroyed:  Oliver 
Edmonds'  restaurant;  Bradley  &  Butler,  two  saloons; 
George  Jacobs,  saloon ;  W.  A.  Hart,  general  merchan- 
dise :  F.  H.  Bradbury,  groceries ;  D.  Rodner,  boots  and 
shoes;  the  Franco-American  hotel.  The  loss  at  this 
time  was  about  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

In  1883  the  brewery  which  Mr.  Reiniger  had  built 
just  out  of  town  two  years  previously,  was  destroyed 
by  fire.  In  the  same  year  he  rebuilt  the  brewery  and 
in  addition,  a  commodious  and  handsome  dwelling  in 
the  village,  the  two  costing  about  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars. On  August  25,  1899,  fire  completely  consumed 
both  dwelling  and  brewery,  and  a  general  conflagration 
was  averted  only  by  the  most  strenuous  efforts  on  the 
part  of  the -voluntary  firemen  aided  by  citizens. 

Although  in  the  earlier  days  Rathdrum  was  fre- 
quented by  a  few  individual  members  of  that  class 
which  has  so  often  given  bad  reputations  to  frontier 
settlements,  it  was  never  a  rendezvous  for  gangs  of 
desperadoes.  There  were  a  few  minor  disturbances  in 
the  first  years,  and  even  in  later  years  the  peace  and 
quiet  of  the  village  has  occasionally  been  broken  by 
the  lawless  acts  of  some  irresponsible  rowdy,  but  it 
has  generally  sustained  the  reputation  of  a  law  abiding 
community.  Burglaries  and  holdups  have  been  in- 
frequent occurrences.  The  M.  D.  Wright  store  has 
been  burglarized  on  two  or  three  occasions,  the  last 
time  on  the  night  of  November  6,  1902,  when  the 
safe  was  blown  open  and  robbed  of  $900.00  in  cash  and 
a  check  for  $100.00.  The  next  evening  the  thieves 
were  captured  at  Hope  and  brought  back  by  Sheriff 
C.  W.  Dyer.  In  May,  1899,  during  the  administration 
of  John  F.  Yost  as  postmaster,  the  postoffice  safe  was 
blown  open  and  robbed  of  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  dollars  in  cash  and  fifty  dollars  in  stamps.  In 
this  instance  the  robbers  were  never  apprehended. 

The  only  real  tragedy  enacted  in  the  village,  which 
shocked  and  cast  a  pall  of  gloom  over  the  village  and 
country,  was  the  assassination  of  Judge  J.  C.  Brady  by 
Henry'  Williambusse  Friday  night,  July  ,5,  1901 
The  general  depression  produced  by  the  cowardly 
attack  upon  Judge  Brady  was  appropriately  expressed 
in  the  editorial  columns" of  the  "Silver  Blade"  on  the 
following  morning  in  these  sentences, — "Words  can 
not  express  the  sorrow  displayed  on  every  hand  by  our 
citizens.  It  will  be  many  a  long  day  before  the  gloom 


784 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


which  now  hangs  over  our  city  will  vanish."  A  fun 
account  of  the  murder  and  the  trial  and  conviction  of 
the  assassin  will  be  found  in  another  portion  of  this 
volume  in  the  chapter  on  the  general  history  of  Koo- 
tenai  county. 

As  matter  historical  it  may  be  well  to  mention  two 
defunct  enterprises  that,  during  their  existence,  were 

perity  of  the  town.  One  of  these  was  the  Exchange 
Bank  conducted  by  W.  A.  Hart  for  a  short  time  during 
the  middle  nineties.  The  other  was  the  Rathdrum 
creamery,  which  began  operations  in  May,  1895.  The 
building  was  located  in  Ray's  addition,  had  a  twelve- 
horsepower  boiler,  cold  storage  and  work  rooms, 
three  vats  of  three  hundred  gallons  capacity  each, 
cream  separator,  churn,  butter  worker  and  numerous 
other  appliances  and  fixtures.  Farmer  patrons  were 
scattered  from  Hauser  Junction  to  Hayden  Lake  and 
were  paid  an  average  of  about  eighty  cents  per  cwt. 
for  milk.  Of  the  company  which  owned  and  operated 
the  creamery,  Henry  Reiniger  was  the  president  and 
Frank  Wenz  secretary.  During  this  period  the  main 
portion  of  the  court  house  building  was  put  up  at  a 
cost  of  $3,500.  Vaults  and  enlargements  have  since 
been  made  entailing  an  additional  cost  of  $3,000.  The 
first  work  on  the  court  house  was  done  in  1889.  The 
jail  was  erected  in  1890  and  cost  about  $2,500. 

Rathdrum  was  incorporated  in  1891.  At  this  time 
the  agricultural  section  on  the  south  and  west  had  been 
partially  developed  and  was  contributing  materially  to 
the  prosperity  of  the  town.  C.  A.  McOonald  had 
erected  and  was  operating  a  shingle  and  saw 
mill  two  miles  east  of  town.  Hayden  Lake,  Spirit  Lake 
and  Fish  Lake  were  becoming  popular  as  resorts  and 
Rathdrum  became  temporary  headquarters  each  sea- 
son for  numerous  parties  of  tourists.  A  considerable 
trade  had  developed  with  the  mining  camps  of  the 
Pend  Oreille  region.  Future  prospects  were  gradu- 
ally improving  in  many  directions.  In  spite  of  the  de- 
pressing effects  of  the  financial  crisis  of  1893  and  1894 
Rathdrum  enjoyed  a  fair  degree  of  prosperity.  That 
the  village  was"  growing  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  in 
1895  it  became  necessary  to  employ  a  third  teacher  in 
the  public  schools.  Miss  Lulu  Leonard,  of  Post  Falls, 
was  given  the  place.  September  nth  of  this  year 
there  were  enrolled  in  pupils.  From  the  files  of  the 
Silver  Blade  for  1895  we  learn  that  Fred  H.  Bradbury 
was  at  that  time  postmaster,  and  it  was  estimated  that 
Rathdrum  had  a  population  of  about  four  hundred. 
In  this  year  the  telephone  wires  were  strung  to  Rath- 
drum,  the  first  message  being  sent  to  Coeur  d'Alene 
August  27,  1895. 

RATHDRUM  IN   1903. 

The  conditions  prevailing  in  Rathdrum  today  are 
decidedly  favorable  to  a  substantial  growth  and  to  its 
continued  advancement  as  a  commercial  center.  The 
citizens  are  a  unit  in  all  efforts  to  further  their  best  in- 
terests as  a  community,  public  spirited  men  have  the 
community  affairs  in  hand  and  they  have  the  support 
of  energetic  business  men  and  private  citizens  in  all 


moves  looking  to  the  attainment  of  a  high  standard 
as  a  progressive,  modern  town.  The  present  members 
of  the  town  board  are  J.  W.  Handy,  Louis  Larsen, 
W.  A.  Hart,  Louis  Chambard  and  Robert  McCrae. 
Jefferson  Davis  is  city  marshal. 

The  history  of  Rathdrum  would  not  be  complete 
without  a  review  of  the  business  and  professional  cir- 
cles as  we  find  them  today.  As  a  record  of  present 
conditions  it  will  be  valuable  to  those  who  are  inter-  j 
ested  in  home  affairs  and  invaluable  to  the  future 
historians  who  may  assume  the  task  of  compiling  the 
records  of  events  for  the  benefit  of  the  next  generation. 

M.  D.  Wright  has  been  a  leading  merchant  of 
Rathdrum  for  fourteen  years.     His  business  was  first   \ 
conducted  in  what  is  now  the  side  store.    Later  he  oc- 
cupied a  building  north  of  the  railroad.     In  1900  the 
present  store  building  was  erected.  The  firm  of  M.  D.  i 
Wright    &    Company    incorporated    in    1900.      Incor- 
porators  were  M.  D.  Wright,  B.  L.  Gordon,  of  Spo- 
kane, Mrs.  M.  D.  Wright,  John  Sherman  and  Clyde 
Mullidy.     Mr.  Wright  is  president  of  the  company, 
which  is  capitalized  at  $50,000  and  the  firm  conducts  a 

feneral  merchandise,  milling  and  lumbering  business, 
t  has  gained  an  enviable  success  over  a  wide  field  and 
its  business  transactions  are  increasing  each  year  in 
number  and  importance.  A  branch  store  is  conducted 
at  Post  Falls. 

Henry  Reiniger,  who  died  January  IT,  of  the  pres- 
ent year,'  had  always  been  one  of  the  foremost  busi-     i 
ness  men  of  Rathdrum.      Mention  has  already  been 
made  of  his  business  ventures  in  the  earlier  years. 
In   1901   he  opened  a  hardware  store  which  he  was 
conducting  at  the  time  of  his  death.     Mr.   Reiniger 
came   to   Rathdrum    from    Colville,    Washington,     in    • 
1 88 1  and  up  to  within  a  short  time  before  his  death,     '. 
was  engaged  in  active  pursuits  and  he  had  built  up   j 
quite    an    extensive    trade    in    hardware,    stoves,  etc.    j 
John  Russell  is  president  of  the  Rathdrum  Mercantile 
Co.,     incorporated.      Mr.     Russell     is     a     pioneer  i 
merchant  of  Kootenai  county,  having  engaged  in  bus- 
iness at  Sandpoint  in  1881.     He  came  to  Rathdrum  in    j 
1890  and  opened  a  general  store  in  the  building  now    | 
occupied   by   the    Silver    Blade.     In    1892   he   erected    ] 
a  three-story  brick  business  building  at  a  cost  of  $16,-    j 
ooo,  which  he  now  occupies.     He  has  a  very  large    j 
trade  in  general    merchandise,    implements,    carriages    <! 
and  wagons.     E.  P.  Manor  conducts  a  general  store  J 
in  a  substantial  and  attractive  white  brick  building,  30    .( 
by  no  feet,  which  he  built  in  1902.    Mr.  Manor  came    j 
to  Rathdrum  in  1894  from  Hauser  Junction,  where  he    I 
had  previously  engaged   in   mercantile  pursuits.     W.    I 
A.   Hart  has  been  in  business  in  Rathdrum  continu- 

isly  since    1884.     He  built   the  first   brick   business    j 
house  in  the  town.     He  now  occupies  the  lower  floor    I 
of  the  building  with  a  stock  of  general  merchandise. 
The  upper  floor  is  fitted  up  as  a  hall  and  is  used  for    I 
public  meetings,  balls  and  plays. 

Another   general    store   that   enjoys    a    large    and    jj 
growing  trade   is  that  of  Larsen   Bros.,   Walter  and    I 
Lewis,  which  was  established  in   1901.     A  bakery  is   1 
also  conducted  in  the  connection  with  the  store.    Al- 
though their  advent  into  the  business  circles  of  Rath-    3 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


785 


drum  is  comparatively  recent,  the  Larsen  Bros.'  store 
is  becoming  a  popular  trading  place.  Lewis  Larsen 
was  formerly  a  citizen  of  British  Columbia,  and  Wal- 
ter, of  Spokane.  Grant  Vess  runs  the  Rathdrum 
meat  market  which  was  opened  in  October,  1902. 
A  harness  and  shoe  shop  was  opened  in  August,  1902, 
by  Robert  Buckley,  who  came  to  Rathdrum  from  Ari- 

I  zbna.  E.  P.  Dyer  has  a  jewelry  store  and  is  jus- 
tice of  the  peace.  Mr.  Dyer  came  from  Spokane  in 

[    1895.     John  W.  Peters  conducts  a  news  and  station- 

j  cry  store  and  serves  the  village  as  postmaster.  C.  H. 
Peters  deals  in  jewelry  and  does  watch  repairing,  while 

|  Mrs.  Peters  has  opened  a  millinery  establishment. 
W.  W.  Stoddard  runs  a  barber  shop!  Mr.  Stoddard 

I  came  from  South  Dakota  in  1901.  An  implement 
agency  is  under  the  efficient  management  of  W.  C. 

I  Royce.  Mrs.  Rozetta  Mulledy  has  a  confectionery 
and  bakery  and  is  the  local  operator  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Bell  Telephone  Co.  A  lodging  house 
and  millinery  establishment  is  conducted  by  Mrs.  W. 
C.  Rodgers.  The  Wilson  Hotel  is  owned  by  B.  S. 
Wishard,  who  came  here  from  Coeur  d'Alene  in  1895. 
The  Mountain  View  Hotel  was  built  by  M.  D. 
Wright  and  Benjamin  F.  Butler  in  1890,  at  "a  cost  of 
$10,000,  and  was  for  many  years  known  as  the  Wright 

I  Hotel.  In  1893  Mr.  Wright  sold  his  interest  to  Mr. 
Butler.  It  is  a  four-story  frame  structure,  at  present 
the  largest  and  best  hotel  in  the  county.  It  occupies  a 
location  convenient  to  town  and  railroad  station  and 

I  from  its  upper  floors  is  obtained  a  good  view  of  the 
mountains  on  the  north  and  the  valley  on  the  south  and 

I  west.  The  hotel  has  changed  hands  a  number  of  times. 
Among  its  former  proprietors  were  Butler  &  Bradley, 
and  Mrs.  Laura  Herron.  In  1898  the  hotel  was  pur- 
chased by  Mrs.  O.  Lavin  for  $6,000.  Mrs.  Lavin  has 
had  personal  charge  of  the  hotel  since  and  under  her 
management  it  has  become  a  most  popular  hostelry  and 
a  valuable  property. 

The  Panhandle  Abstract  Co.,  Ltd.,  was  incorpo- 
rated November  25,  1901.  Its  president  is  A.  Cook; 
vice-president,  J.  C.  White:  treasurer,  Ruida  Cook; 

J  secretary,  Edwin  McBee;  J.  R.  Wilson  and  H.  M. 
Stontenburg  are  real  estate  and  loan  agents.  Mr. 
Wilson  is  also  justice  of  the  peace.  Another  real  estate 

i,  agency  is  maintained  by  M.  D.  Wright  and  John  Cren- 

*  shaw.  Mr.  Crenshaw  is  an  early  settler,  having  home- 
steaded  a  claim  on  Hayden  Lake  in  1880.  Stewart 
Young  and  A.  E.  Duff  are  also  in  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness. B.  F.  Bourn  is  manager  of  the  Homefinders' 
Real  Estate  and  Insurance  Company.  Livery  and  feed 
stables  are  owned  by  Levi  Esch,  W.  H.  Cleland  and 

|  J.  S.  Woolery.  Mr.  Esch  put  up  his  livery  barn  in 
the  fall  of  1884  and  has  been  in  the  business  continu- 
ously since.  Mr.  Cleland  and  Mr.  Woolery  began  busi- 
ness in  the  early  nineties.  Joseph  Porier  and  George 
Umphrey  are  the  village  blacksmiths.  William  Hays 
is  a  house  and  sign  painter:  James  A.  Dyer,  con- 
tractor and  builder;  C.  W.  Wood,  general' trucking 
business:  G.  R.  Klopf,  furniture  and  undertaking. 
Richard  Tautenhaher,  brickmaker,  yards  four  miles 
west  of  Rathdrum.  The  Rathdrum  pharmacy  is  con- 
ducted by  Dr.  F.  Wenz,  who  is  the  only  physician 


practicing  in  Rathdrum ;  D.  F.  Hallister,  dentist ; 
William  Ashley,  Jr.,  civil  and  mining  engineer :  R.  C. 
Thompson,  contractor  and  builder ;  James  W.  Peters, 
contractor  and  builder;  General  Sparks,  city  dray; 
Sidney  Vidgers,  sawmill,  two  and  one-half  miles  west 
of  town ;  A.  W.  Post,  planing  and  sawmill.  Air.  Post 
has  applied  to  the  council  for  a  franchise  permitting 
him  to  operate  an  electric  lighting  plant  within  the 
town  limits.  Mrs.  J.  C.  Lane  runs  the  Hotel  Lane 
north  of  the  railroad  tracks. 

Joseph  R.  M.  and  Charles  W.  Gulp  are  owners  and 
publishers  of  the  Silver  Blade,  a  well  edited  weekly 
paper,  Republican  in  politics  and  devoted  to  the  best 
interests  of  town  and  county.  W.  A.  Logue  publishes 
the  Panhandle  News,  a  live  Democratic  paper  issued 
weekly.  The  pioneer  attorney  of  Rathdrum  is  C.  L. 
Heitman.  In  the  person  of  Judge  Edwin  McBee  the 
village  has  another  lawyer.  The  town  council  has 
granted  a  franchise  to  B.  O.  Graham,  of  Spokane, 
for  lighting  the  streets  and  dwellings  of  the  city  by 
electricity.  The  Fraternity  Building  Association  has 
recently  'been  organized  with  John  C.  Callahan,  pres- 
ident. The  capital  stock  of  the  association  is  $5,000. 
It  is  proposed  to  erect  a  modern  city  and  fraternity 
hall  on  the  lot  owned  by  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  two 
blocks  north  of  the  courthouse.  On  May  i.  1903, 
was  established  the  Rathdrum  Bank  of  Commerce. 
Of  this  institution,  J.  G.  Thomas,  of  Newport,  Wash- 
ington, is  president;  John  C.  Callahan,  of  Rathdrum, 
cashier,  and  R.  E.  Young,  assistant  cashier. 

The  fraternal  lodges  are  well  represented  in  Rath- 
drum.  There  are  chapters  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows,  Foresters  (Rathdrum  Court  No.  14), 
Modern  Woodmen  of  America.  No.  6843 :  Rathbone 
Sisters,  K.  O.  T.  M.,  Rebekahs,  Royal  Neighbors, 
No.  2317;  Knights  of  Pvthias,  Panhandle  Lodge 
No.  13;  Maccabees.  Kootenai  Lodge  No.  7.  Law- 
ton  Post  No.  29  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic was  organized  May  n,  1901,  with  the  following 
charter  members:  Ewin  B.  Marsh,  Company  B,  62(1 
Illinois  Infantry;  John  R.  Wilson,  Company"  G.  i8th 
Indiana  Infantry;  W.  H.  Cable,  Company  E.  I2th 
Kansas  Infantry:  W.  A.  Hart,  Company  G,  95th  Wis- 
consin Infantry;  D.  McCall,  Company  E,  92d  Illinois 
Infantry ;  Albert  G.  C.  Slocum,  Company  C,  78th  Penn- 
sylvania Infantry;  James  A.  Fisher,  Company  G, 
40th  Ohio  Infantry;  L.  A.  Berry,  Company  E,  6th 
Michigan  Cavalry;  Emory  B.  Martin,  Company  I, 
46th  Missouri  Infantry;  James  H.  Kenned},  Elisha 

E.  Taylor,  Anton  Builder,  A.  T.  McReynolds.  Henry 
Geek,    Samuel    Gambier,    Thomas    Brophv,    Hamilton 
Davis.     The  ceremonies  attendant  upon  the  formation 
of  the  lodge  were  conducted  by  Deputy  Commander 
Charles  A.  Clark  and  Assistant  Adj.  General  Darius 

F.  Baker  of  Boise.     The  present  officers  are:  J.   R. 
Wilson,  commander;  Thomas  Brophv,  Sr.,  vice-com- 
mander; L.  A.  Berry,  officer  of  the  day:  A.  C.  G.  Slo- 
cum, chaplain;  John  Lyons,  adjutant;  E.  B.  Martin, 
officer  of  the  guard ;  R.  C.  Bothwick,  sergeant. 

The  churches  of  Rathdrum  have  done  much  to 
ilevate  the  standard  of  morals  at  home  and  give  the 
•illage  a  good  name  abroad.  There  are  three  church 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


buildings,  owned  by  the  Presbyterians,  Adventists  and 
Catholics.  There  is  not  at  present  an  organization 
of  the  Adventists  and  the  building  has  been  closed 
for  some  time.  Rev.  C.  T.  Cook  conducts  the  Meth- 
odist meetings  in  the  building  once  occupied  by  the 
Baptists,  whose  organization  is  defunct.  The  Pres- 
byterians have  had  an  organization  since  1883.  The 
building  stands  on  a  lot  donated  by  Frederick  Post. 
Rev.  W.  C.  Beebee  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  con- 
gregation, coming  to  Rathdrum  in  1884.  At  that 
time  there  were  but  five  members  of  the  congregation, 
A.  W.  Post  and  wife,  Job  Hemick,  Mrs.  Sarah  J. 
Milder,  and  Mrs.  Pearl  Power.  Ministers  who  have 
since  been  located  in  Rathdrum  are  Rev.  John  A. 
McArthur;  Rev.  Williams  Cobleigh;  Rev.  Charles 
J.  Godsman;  Rev.  Norman  McLeod  and  the  present 
pastor,  Rev.  Eugene  A.  Walker. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  Catholics  held  services 
in  a  building  which  had  formerly  been  used  for  a 
school  house.  In  1901  they  erected  a  neat  brick  edi- 
fice at  a  cost  of  about  $3,000.  At  the  time  of  its  comple- 
tion it  was  the  only  brick  Catholic  church  in  the  state 
of  Idaho.  The  church  was  dedicated  by  Right  Rev. 
A.  J.  Gloreiux,  of  Boise,  to  St.  Stanislaus  Kostka. 
Father  Thomas  J.  Purcell  has  conducted  the  services 
of  this  organization  since  its  foundation  and  it  was 
through  his  personal  effort  that  the  funds  were  raised 
for  the  building  of  the  church  edifice.  He  is  now  as- 
sisted in  his  parish  work  by  Father  Kelly. 

The  citizens  of  Rathdrum  are  justly  proud  of  their 
public  schools.  They  have  always  taken  special  in- 
terest in  school  matters,  in  the  selection  of  competent 
instructors,  in  the  proper  and  generous  equipment  of 
the  school  room  and  in  educational  results.  With 
such  an  interest  in  the  work  it  is  only  natural  that  the 
schools  should  attain  a  high  degree  of  excellence. 
Their  present  standing  is  such  that  graduates  are 
admitted  to  the  State  University  at  Moscow  without 
special  examination.  The  building  is  a  two-story 
frame,  with  four  rooms  and  was  erected  in  1890  at  a 
cost  of  $5,000.  It  stands  on  a  commanding  site 
in  the  east  part  of  the  town  and  presents  an  attrac- 
tive and  substantial  appearance.  The  principal  in 
charge  of  the  schools  at  present  is  Professor  D.  E. 
Danley,  who  has  been  exceptionally  successful  in 
his  work.  He  is  assisted  in  the  grammar  grade  by 
Miss  India  Tarkington,  in  the  intermediate,  by  Miss 
Laura  Reiniger,  and  in  the  primary  by  Miss  Eliza  Ker- 
cheval.  The  principal  is  paid  a  salary  of  eighty  dol- 
lars per  month  and  the  assistants  fifty-five  dollars  per 
month.  The  members  of  the  school  board  are  T.  L. 
Quarels,  R.  S.  McCrea  and  Dr.  F.  Wenz.  During  the 
last  school  year  the  enrollment  reached  two  hundred 
and  twelve. 

Rathdrum  is  about  twenty-eight  miles  northeast 
of  Spokane  on  the  main  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad.  From  a  sanitary  and  scenic  point  of  view, 
it  is  most  fortunately  situated.  It  has  been  built  on  a 
bench  of  land  at  the  base  of  a  mountain  which  is 
known  by  the  numerous  appellations  of  Rathdrum 
Mountain,  Kootenai  Mountain  and  Storm  King.  The 
elevation  of  this  mountain  is  4070  feet.  From 


its  summit  may  be  seen  the  Pend  Oreille, 
the  Coeur  d'Alene,  Hayden,  Fish  and  Spirit 
lakes,  together  with  several  smaller  bodies  of 
water.  A  range  of  hills  south  of  Pend  Ore- 
ille river  hides  Priest  lake  from  view,  but  the 
white  peaks  of  the  Canadian  Cabinets  are  plainly  visi- 
ble, although  many  miles  north  of  the  lake.  The  ele- 
vation is  2216  feet'in  the  village,  which  is  perhaps  one 
hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  plain  on  the  south 
and  west.  This  plain  known  locally  as  "Rathdrum 
prairie"  is  a  portion  of  the  valley  of  the  Spokane  river. 
The  greater  part  of  it  is  now  under  cultivation. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  vegetables  and  fruits  are  the  prin- 
cipal products  of  the  farm.  Stock  raising  has  grown 
to  be  a  profitable  industry.  This  section  is  directly 
tributary  to  Rathdrum. 

In  the  mineral   regions  in   the   mountains  on  the 
north,  and  about  Hayden  lake  there  are  not  at  pres- 
ent  any   producing  mines,   but   it   is   believed   to   be  '. 
only  a  question  of  time  until  mines  will  be  opened  here 
as  there  are  known  to  be  heavy  ore  deposits;  but 
being  of  a  low  grade  special  machinery  is  needed  to 
handle  it  profitably  and  capitalists  have  thus  far  made 
no    investigations     or    investments     in    the    section,  i 
There  are  heavy  forests  of  yellow  pine  on  the  north 
and  east    and    lumbering    is    the    principal    industry. 
There  are  five  saw  mills  within  a  radius  of  four  miles 
from  Rathdrum,  having  an  average  capacity  of  twenty 
thousand  feet  per  day.     The  lakes  of  Kootenai  are 
fast  becoming  famous  as  summer  resorts.     Hundreds 
of  tourists  visit  them  each  summer  and  Rathdrum  is 
made    headquarters    for    supplies.     WitH   an    agricul- 
tural region  on  one  side  which  is  every  year  becoming 
more    productive    and     which  a    nearly    completed 
system  of  irrigating  ditches  will  make  vastly  more  so 
in  the  future  than  it  has  ever  been  heretofore;  with  a 
mineral  and  timber  region  on  the  other  side  with  next 
to  inexhaustible  supplies  of  each  product;  with  the  I 
beautiful  lake  region  on  all  sides  attracting  not  only  I 
the  transient    pleasure    seekers,    but    the  permanent 
home  builders,  Rathdrum  has  every  reason  for  faith 
in  the  future.     It  must  continue  to  be  an  important    | 
commercial   center.     It  is   fast  assuming  the  general  ; 
appearance   of   a   prosperous   modern   town.     Frame  II 
structures   are  giving  way  to  brick  on  the  business  ' 
streets.     More   attention   is  being  paid   each   year  to  II 
the  improvements  of  streets  and  sidewalks.  Her  busi-    i 
ness     men  are    progressive    and    energetic.      In     her 
professional  and  social  circles  are  men  and  women  of  -I 
intelligence,  refinement  and  great  moral  worth.     Here  || 
the  home  builder  may  settle  amid  surroundings  and  -I 
advantages    of    an    attractive    and    superior    nature,  jl 
Here  the  business  man  may  safely  invest  his  capital, 
and  the  professional  man  may  meet  with  success  in  his    :- 
life  work.     Here  may  always  be  found  those  essen-    • 
tials  to  happy  homes  and  successful  lives — attractive 
surroundings  and  good  business  opportunities. 

COEUR  D'ALENE. 

The  site  of  the  town  of  Coeur  d'Alene  was  one  of  1  f 
the   spots   first    visited   by   the   earliest   voyageurs   to 4' 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


787 


Northern  Idaho  and  to  Kootenai  county.  It  was  here 
that  the  Jesuit  missionary,  Father  DeSmet,  first  met 
with  the  Indians  to  instruct  them  in  the  Catholic  faith. 
and  it  was  just  a  short  distance  west  of  the  present 
city  limits  where  was  built,  in  1842,  the  first  log  chapel 
erected  as  a  temporary  house  of  worship  by  the  father 
and  his  associates.  The  site  was  chosen  at  the  time  be- 
cause of  its  central  location  with  reference  to  the  lar- 
ger camps  of  the  various  tribes  of  Indians  then  occu- 
pying this  portion  of  Northern  Idaho  and  adjacent  ter- 
ritory in  what  is  now  eastern  Washington. 

More  than  a  decade  later,  in  1853,  General  Isaac 
Stevens,  while  on  his  transcontinental  expedition, 
spent  several  weeks  exploring  the  territory  about  Coeur 
d'Alene  lake  and  he  counseled  with  representative 
chiefs  of  the  Indian  tribes  in  camp  at  its  foot.  In  his 
report  to  the  government  the  General  occupied  much 
space  with  descriptions  of  the  lake  and  its  surround- 
ings, including  its  outlet,  the  Spokane  river.  As  he 
was  looking  out  a  northern  route  for  a  railroad  across 
the  Rocky  mountains  to  the  coast,  his  expeditions  were 
extensive  and  his  descriptions  very  much  in  detail.  Of 
the  lake  itself  he  says:  "One  of  the  most  beautiful 
features  of  the  country  is  the  Coeur  d'Alene  lake,  which 
is  embosomed  in  the  midst  of  gently  sloping  hills 
covered  with  a  dense  forest  growth;  the  irregularity 
of  its  form  and  the  changing  aspect  of  the  scenery  about 
it  makes  it  one  of  the  most  picturesque  objects  in  the 
interior." 

Following  General  Stevens,  the  then  primeval  wil- 
derness was  next  visited  by  Captain  John  Mullan  in 
1861.  The  famous  military  road  built  by  Captt  Mul- 
lan from  Walla  Walla  to  Fort  Benton,  was  at  first  laid 
out  around  the  southern  end  of  the  lake  to  Old  Mission, 
but,  during  the  summer  of  1861,  a  portion  of  it  was 
reconstructed  and  a  new  route  chosen  around  the  north 
end  of  the  lake.  Portions  of  this  old  road  are  now  oc- 
cupied by  Sherman  street  and  Mullan  avenue,  Coeur 
d'Alene. 

The  next  prominent  visitor  to  the  site  of  the  pre- 
sent city  was  General  William  T.  Sherman,  who  came 
in  the  summer  of  1877  while  on  a  tour  of  inspection  of 
the  military  forts  of  the  northwest.  General  Sherman 
was  so  pleased  with  the  surroundings  that  he  recom- 
mended to  congress  the  establishment  here  of  a  mili- 
tary reservation  and  fort.  His  recommendations  were 
followed  and  in  1878  the  reservation  was  platted,  bor- 
dering on  the  waters  of  the  lake  and  on  the  Spokane 
river.  It  was  made  to  include  about  one  thousand 
acres.  The  fort  was  regularly  established  and  garri- 
soned in  the  spring  of  1879,  the  first  commander  being 
Lieut.  Col.  H.  C.  Merrirnan,  who  had  under  command 
five  companies  of  the  Second  regiment,  U.  S.  infantry. 
While  the  establishment  of  Ft.  Coeur  d'Alene.  as  it  was 
then  called,  was  not  directly  connected  with  the  build- 
ing of  the  town  of  Coeur  d'Alene,  it  was  indirectly  re- 
sponsible for  the  early  settlements  made  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity,  and  the  history  of  the  town  may  be  said 
to  date  from  the  time  the  fort  was  garrisoned. 
The  presence  of  the  garrison  made  a  supply  point 
necessary.  For  two  or  three  years  after  the  arrival  of 
Col.  Merrirnan  and  the  troops,  the  post  trader,  C.  F. 


Yeaton,  had  a  monopoly  of  the  mercantile  business. 
During  the  years  1882  and  1883,  however,  there  was 
great  activity  outside  the  reservation,  and  as  if  by 
magic,  the  wilderness  gave  place  to  a  thriving  village 
which  has  never  ceased  to  grow  in  size  and  impor- 
tance, and  which  is  now  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  best 
and  most  promising  towns  of  Northern  Idaho. 

A  portion  of  the  present  town  site  was  purchased 
from  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  company  by  C.  F. 
Yeaton,  the  old  post  trader,  in  1880.  Another  portion 
is  a  part  of  a  homestead  taken  up  by  Tony  Tubbs  about 
the  same  time.  In  the  spring  of  the  year  1883  a  cen- 
sus of  the  settlers  jn  and  about  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene,  ex- 
clusive of  the  garrison,  would  have  included  Robert 
Cochran,  John  Miner,  James  Turner  and  James 
Carrol,  who  lived  along  the  Spokane  river  road ;  John 
Clinton,  W.  H.  McLaughlin  and  Oscar  Canfield,  lo- 
cated out  on  the  prairie;  John  Fernan  and  John  C. 
Costello,  at  Fernan  lake;  Tony  Tubbs,  on  the  home- 
stead referred  to ;  John  Hickey  and  John  Hagar,  near 
Hayden  lake.  The  discovery  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
mines  in  the  summer  of  1883  resulted  in  a  great  deal 
of  travel  from  Northern  Pacific  connections  at  Rath- 
drum,  via  the  fort  and  the  lake,  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
mountains;  and  the  town  of  Coeur  d'Alene  naturally 
taking  the  name  of  the  fort,  began  to  build  up  in  an- 
swer to  a  demand  for  a  supply  point.  The  Amelia 
Wheaton,  the  first  steamer  on  the  lake,  had  been  put  in 
commission  by  the  government  for  the  use  of  the  sol- 
diers, but  was  extensively  used  in  transporting  miners 
and  their  outfits  to  the  head  of  the  lake,  on  their  way 
to  the  mines.  We  may  conclude  that  the  action  of  the 
government  in  establishing  the  military  reservation, 
the  excitement  attending  the  discovery  of  the  mines, 
the  presence  of  the  government  steamer,  affording 
transportation  up  the  lake  from  the  fort,  taken  in  con- 
nection with  a  naturally  advantageous  site,  led  to  the 
preliminary  steps  in  the  location  of  the  town. 

In  the  fall  of  the  year  1883,  Tony  Tubbs  staked  off 
his  homestead  into  town  lots,  which  were  sold  rapidly. 
In  the  early  winter  of  the  same  year  C.  B.  King  and 
James  Monagham  purchased  of  C.  F.  Yeaton  the  land 
he  had  secured  from  the  railroad  company,  and  im- 
mediately platted  the  same  into  an  addition  to  the 
Tubbs'  site.  The  legal  description  of  the  original  town 
site  reads  as  follows:  East  one  half  of  southwest  one 
fourth,  and  lots  eight  and  nine,  section  thirteen,  town- 
ship fifty,  north,  range  four,  west  of  Boise  Meridian. 
Being  the  rendezvous  for  prospectors,  tourists  and 
adventurers  of  all  classes,  while  it  never  had  the  bad 
name  that  has  attached  to  many  of  the  western  mining 
towns,  still  during  several  of  the  earliest  years  of  its  ex- 
istence, gambling  and  dance  halls  were  well  patronized 
institutions,  and  though  the  "wild  west"  air  that  per- 
meated the  streets  and  lake  front  was  bracing  and  lurid 
it  was  enough  to  satisfy  wildest  revelers.  It  is  not  our 
purpose,  however,  to  d'well  upon  the  transient  element 
that  bore  no  part  in  laying  the  permanent  foundation 
of  the  city,  whose  energies  were  spent  in  the  enjoyment 
of  the  present,  with  no  interest  in  the  city's  future  and 
whose  departure  onlv  awaited  the  establishment  of  law 
and  order. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  compliance  with  the  request  of  the  citizens  made 
by  petition  in  the  summer  of  1884,  a  postoffice  was  es- 
tablished with  V.  W.  Sander  as  postmaster.  The  first 
to  engage  in  general  merchandising  were  C.  B.  King 
&  Co.,  Warner  and  Hart,  Tedford  and  Bleaumer,  and 
V.  W.  Sander.  John  Caveland  conducted  a  drug  store. 
Hotel  d'Landing  was  the  first  hostelry  and  was  under 
the  management  of  Tony  Tubbs.  In  March,  1880,  a 
hotel  twenty-eight  by  sixty  feet  in  dimensions  and  two 
stories  high  was  erected  some  distance  east  of  the  gar- 
rison on  the  military  reservation.  Its  first  proprietor 
was  James  Smith,  who  was  later  succeeded  by  C.  B. 
King.  In  1884  this  building  was  moved  to  the  town 
site,  reopened  on  the  lake  front,  named  the  Lakeside 
and  was  managed  by  Vincent  Wells.  Additions  and 
numerous  improvements  have  been  made  to  this  build- 
ing and  it  is  now  known  as  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Inn. 
The  first  attorney  to  settle  in  the  new  town  was  Isaac 
S.  Daly,  who  came  here  from  Massachusetts  in  1883, 
and  who  afterward  became  prominent  in  the  politics 
of  the  country.  Tony  Tubbs  served  as  the  first  justice 
of  the  peace."  The  first  case  before  Justice  Tubbs  was 
a  charge  of  assault  brought  by  one  Chinaman  against 
another.  Colonel  Nash  of  Spokane  prosecuted  and 
Isaac  Daly  defended.  Mr.  Daly's  client  won.  During 
the  winter  of  1884-85,  a  number  of  changes  took  place 
in  the  management  of  the  various  hotels.  The  Hotel 
d'Landing  closed  its  doors;  John  Harrison,  Major 
Manning  and  H.  L.  Bancroft  became  successively  pro- 
prietors of  the  Lakeside ;  the  Cochran  House  was  built 
by  Robert  Cochran  and  managed  at  first  by  Michael 
Martin  and  later  by  John  Howard.  H.  L.  Bancroft, 
who  came  here  in  1883  from  Colfax,  eventually  pur- 
chased the  Cochran  House,  re-named  it  the  Bancroft 
House  and  took  personal  charge.  Mr.  Bancroft  has 
continued  proprietor  of  that  hotel  for  twenty  years.  A. 
U.  S.  land  office  was  established  at  Coeur  d'Alene  in 
1885  with  Robert  B.  McFarland  register  and  James  E. 
Legato  receiver.  Mr.  Legato  resigned  and  William 
J.  McClure  was  appointed  in  his  stead. 

The  following  from  the  Portland  "Oregonian"  De- 
cember 15,  1883,  is  interesting  as  a  review  of  condi- 
tions prevailing  in  Coeur  d'Alene  at  that  time. 

"Tony  A.  Tubbs  arrived  here  from  lake  Coeur 
d'Alene  yesterday  morning.  He  reports  great  activity 
in  building  and 'other  improvements  in  the  town  of 
Coeur  d'Alene  City.  Several  hotels  are  projected;  a 
large  restaurant  is  being  built ;  wharves  are  being  con- 
structed for  the  two  new  steamers  which  are  being 
rapidly  pushed  to  completion ;  a  portable  sawmill  will 
be  shipped  from  here  to-day  which  will  be  put  into 
operation  immediately ;  a  large  force  of  men  are  getting 
out  saw  logs  for  which  they  receive  good  prices;  a 
large  warehouse  is  being  built  near  the  steamer  land- 
ing and  lots  are  selling  like  hot  cakes.  So  rapidly  have 
they  advanced  and  so  valuable  have  they  become  since 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines  have  proven  rich,  that  Mr. 
Tubbs  has  bought  back  a  large  number  of  the  lots  he 
sold  in  his  town  site,  in  some  cases  paying  $200  profit 
to  the  seller.  C.  C.  McCoy  has  made  arrangements  to 
start  within  a  few  weeks  a  well  equipped  line  of  daily 


stages  between  Rathdrum,  on  the  Northern  Pacific, 
and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines,  via  the  lake." 

Until  the  winter  of  1884-85,  the  children  of  the 
neighborhood  attended  school  at  the  fort,  where  ar- 
rangements had  been  made  for  the  instruction  of  the 
children  of  officers  and  men  having  families,  and  who 
were  garrisoned  here.  In,  the  fall  of  1884,  however, 
through  the  efforts  of  Isaac  S.  Daly,  a  district  was  or- 
ganized (the  first  of  the  county, Ni  with  W.  H.  Mc- 
Laughlin,  John  German  and  William  Bissel,  trustees. 
A  small  house  recently  built  by  a  man  named  Hender- 
son and  vacated  shortly  after  its  completion,  was  uti- 
lized as  a  school  building,  a  carpenter,  Samuel  Smith, 
being  employed  to  equip  it  with  seats  and  black- 
boards. In  this  building  the  first  two  terms  of  school 
were  taught  by  Isaac  S.  Daly.  The  pioneers  of  Coeur 
d'Alene  cannot  look  back  with  tender  memories  to  the 
"log  school  house"  of  their  early  youth,  but  many  of 
them  do  have  fond  recollections  of  many  incidents  with 
which  the  first  teacher,  the  first  school  house  and  their 
school  mate  chums  were  associated. 

Judge  Norman  Buck  held  a  term  of  the  district 
court  at  Coeur  d'Alene  in  the  summer  of  1885.  Attor- 
neys present  were  J.  H.  McNaught,  attorney  for  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad ;  John  Allen  of  Walla  Walla ; 
Colonel  Nash,  C.  Hyde  and  Frank  Graves  of  Spokane ; 
J.  Hollaman  and  Mark  W.  Musgrove  of  Rathdrum; 
Robert  B.  McFarland  and  Isaac  S.  Daly  of  Coeur 
d'Alene.  Cases  tried  at  this  term  were  "mostly  dis- 
putes between  miners  over  claims  and  suits  between 
miners  and  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  The  most 
important  case  tried  was  a  suit  brought  by  Levi  Esch 
against  the  Northern  Pacific  to  recover  damages  sus- 
tained through  the  loss  of  stock  killed  on  the  railroad. 

In  chapter  two  we  have  referred  to  a  county  seat 
contest  between  Rathdrum  and  Coeur  d'Alene  in  1885. 
In  the  summer  of  this  year  George  B.  Wonnacott  called 
a  meeting  of  the  county  commissioners  at  Coeur 
d'Alene.  Mr.  Wonnacott  was  commissioner  from  the 
Central  district,  while  H.  H.  Newhall  represented 
the  Southern  district.  Messrs.  Wonnacott  and  New- 
hall  accordingly  organized  a  regular  session  of  the  com- 
missioners and  selected  Isaac  S.  Daly  to  act  as  clerk, 

northern  district,  declining  to  be  present  on  the  ground 
that  Rathdrum  was  the  county  seat.  It  was  the  desire 
of  the  two  commissioners  named  to  change  the  county 
seat  from  Rathdrum  to  Coeur  d'Alene,  but  their  plans 

The  Amelia  Wheaton,  heretofore  mentioned  as  the 
first  steamboat  on  the  Coeur  d'Alene  lake,  was  built 
for  the  government  by  Captain  Sorenson.  The  second 
was  named  the  General  Sherman  and  was  built  by  Cap- 
tain Sorenson  for  C.  B.  King  &  Co.  The  third  boat 
was  built  by  a  Portland  company  and  was  commanded 
by  Captain  1.  B.  Sanborn.  These  pioneer  steamers  did 
the  carrying  trade  on  the  lake  until  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  was  built  in  1886.  The 
railroad  company  then  built  the  Steamer  Kootenai, 
which  was  stripped  of  her  machinery  and  put  out  of 
commission  in  1898.  For  many  years  the  Kootenai. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


789 


transported  the  bulk  of  the  freight  that  went  to  the 
mines.  The  steamer  was  built  to  break  ten  inches  of 
ice  and  make  good  time.  It  kept  lake  and  river  open 
all  winter.  The  old  steamer  Coeur  d'Alene  was  re- 
modeled a  number  of  years  ago  and  is  now  the 
Georgia  Oakes,  so  named  for  the  daughter  of  Presi- 
dent Oakes  of  the  Northern  Pacific. 

Although  a  great  deal  of  building  was  done  and 
there  was  a  great  deal  of  traffic  in  real  estate  during  the 
first  three  years  of  the  life  of  the  city,  it  had  a  bonafide 
population  of  only  150  in  1885.  During  the  summer  of 
1884  it  was  a  tent  town.  Many  families  dwelt  in  tents ; 
business  houses,  saloons  and  dance  halls  were  some 
of  them  under  canvas  roofs,  and  the  lake  front  had 
more  the  appearance  of  a  summer  encampment  of  sol- 
diers or  vacationers,  than  of  a  town.  The  tents  were 


tioti  of  buildings.  Lumber  was  not  easily  obtained. 
The  first  mill  put  up  was  a  small  one  on  Sander  Beach, 
operated  by  Glassford  &  Hawley,  and  was  unable  to 
supply  building  material  as  rapidly  as  it  was  needed. 
During  the  period  from  1883  to  1886,  Rathdrum,  be- 
ing on  the  railroad,  was  the  real  outfitting  place  for 
the  mines,  and  Coeur  d'Alene,  being  enroute  between 
the  two  points,  was  practically  only  a  transfer  point 
from  stage  line  to  steamer,  and  the  merchants  did  not 
carry  extensive  stocks.  All  this  was  changed,  how- 
ever", in  1886.  D.  C.  Corbin  and  associates  built  the 
Spokane  Falls  and  Idaho  railroad  (now  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific)  into  Coeur 
d'Alene,  which  at  once  supplemented  Rathdrum  as  an 
outfitting  point.  From  this  date  the  town  began  to 
grow  and  its  progress  has  been  steady  and  substantial 
ever  since.  Excepting  during  the  period  of  financial 
distress  which  followed  the  panic  of  1893,  there  has 
been  no  material  diminution  of  activity  in  the  process 
of  development.  New  steamers  to  supply  the  grad- 
ually increasing  passenger  and  freight  business  on  lake 
and  rivers  have  been  in  constant  demand  and  have 
been  built ;  sawmills  have  occupied  available  sites  along 
the  lake ;  tributary  mining  and  agricultural  sections 
have  been  developed :  business  and  educational  institu- 
tions have  become  established  on  sure  foundations, 
and  the  town  has  taken  rank  among  the  most  popu- 
lous, progressive  and  substantial  cities  of  Northern 
Idaho. 

In  1887  the  village  of  Coeur  d'Alene  was  incor- 
porated under  the  territorial  laws  with  V.  W.  Sander, 
Isaac  S.  Daly,  C.  D.  Warner,  John  Brown  and  Dou- 
glas Ballard  as  trustees.  Mr.  Daly  was  elected  chair- 
man and  was,  exofficio,  the  first  mayor.  H.  L.  Ban- 
croft was  appointed  treasurer  and  Warren  Baldwin, 
city  marshal.  Among  the  early  postmasters  were: 
George  B.  Wonnacott,  Terrance  O'Reilly,  Major  C.  D. 
Warner  and  Mrs.  C.  D.  Warner.  The  present  post- 
master, David  F.  Mason,  was  first  appointed  in  1898. 
In  1889  the  town  was  visited  by  two  small  fires.  The 
second  fire  occurred  Sunday  morning  November  loth, 
destroying  the  city  fail,  a  wooden  structure  of  one 
story,  'and  in  the  conflagration  an  inmate,  P.  J.  Breen, 
lost  his  life.  Breen  was  an  ex-soldier  and  prospector, 
about  forty  years  of  age,  who  had  been  incarcerated  the 


previous  evening  on  some  petty  charge.  From  evi- 
dence given  at  the  inquest  held  by  Judge  J.  E.  Rus- 
sell, the  jury  rendered  a  verdict  that  "deceased  came 
to  his  death  by  his  own  hands  in  an  attempt  to  burn 
his  way  out  of  jail."  That  most  disastrous  fire 
from  a  monetary  standpoint,  which  has  ever  visited 
the  city,  occurred  Saturday  night,  July  6,1895,  when  the 
plant  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Mill  Company  was  de- 
stroyed. 

As  a  matter  of  record  and  for  the  purpose  of  show- 
ing the  conditions  prevailing  in  the  late  eighties,  we 
quote  the  following  paragraphs  from  a  very  interest- 
ing pamphlet,  written  in  1889  by  James  Graham,  who 
served  as  register  of  the  land  office  under  President 


-o    r- — _ 

..erved  as  regis._.  _.  „._    „ 

Cleveland,   has   served   one   term   as   county   attorney 
and  is  now  a  prominent  citizen  and  attorney  of  Co< 


"One  of  Coeur  d'Alene's  best  attractions  is  Fort 
Sherman,  only  one  mile  west.  It  looks  out  on  a  dainty, 
land-locked  bay  where  the  placid  waters  leave  Lake 
Coeur  d'Alene  and  form  the  mighty  Spokane  river. 
The  tourist  is  charmed  by  the  military  drills,  parades, 
etc.,  intersperced  with  sweet  strains  of  music  by  the 
Fourth  U.  S.  Infantry  band,  and  the  place  itself  has 
a  fine  equipoise  and  is  neither  disturbed  nor  disturb- 
ing. Its  beauties  do  not  command — they  implore  at- 
tention. Unless  the  visitor  is  inclined  he  is  not  com- 
pelled to  lift  his  eyes  and  behold  the  snow  glistening 
on  the  distant  mountain  tops ;  neither  is  he  obliged  to 
peer  over  the  picket  fences  into  those  exclusive  officers' 
gardens  for  the  pleasure  of  beholding  flowers  of  tropi- 
cal luxuriance ;  but  he  will  do  so  if  he  stays,  and  if  he 
has  leisure  he  will  certainly  stay,  for  greater  charm  of 
mountain,  river,  wood  and  lake  than  has  Fort  Sher- 
man, whether  for  the  sportsman,  the  artist,  the  idler 
or  the  dreamer,  are  seldom  found. 

"Coeur  d'Alene  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Railway  and  Navigation  Co. ;  terminus  of  the 
Spokane  Falls  and  Idaho  Railroad  Co. ;  terminus  of  the 
St.  Joe  Railroad  Co.,  and  also  terminus  of  the  Idaho 
Navigation  Co.,  with  headquarters  at  Saginaw,  Mich- 
igan. The  steamers  Coeur  d'Alene,  General  Sherman, 
and  Kootenai  ply  between  Coeur  d'Alene  and  Mission. 
The  steamers  Echo,  Volunteer,  Amelia  Wheaton,  Kor- 
wine,  Torpedo  and  Irene  ply  between  Coeur  d'Alene 
and  the  head  of  navigation  on  St.  Joe  river,  a  distance 
of  sixty-five  miles. 

"Coeur  d'Alene  has  a  commodious  school  house,  two 
churches  built  and  one  in  contemplation,  four  general 
merchandise  stores,  one  cigar  store,  two  book  and  news 
stores,  one  hardware,  one  grocery,  one  commission 
wholesale,  two  drug  stores,  four  hotels,  three  restau- 
rants, two  bakeries,  twelve  saloons,  two  barber  shops, 
two  liveries,  one  photograph  gallery,  two  blacksmith 
shops,  two  paint  shops,  three  butcher  shops,  three  real 
estate  and  insurance  offices,  one  saw  and  planing  mill, 
capacity  fifty  thousand  feet  per  day,  one  shingle  mill, 
capacity  fifty  thousand  shingles  per  day,  two  brick 
yards,  a  system  of  water  works,  cost  $20,000,  a  good 
volunteer  fire  department,  one  weekly  newspaper,  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Times,  and  a  U.  S.  Land  Office. 

"The  city  now  has  a  population  of  eight  hundred 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  an  assessed  valuation  of  $180,000,  both  having  in- 
creased three-fold  in  two  years.  The  advent  of  open- 
ing 250,000  acres  of  land  on  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indian 
reservation,  will  greatly  increase  the  city's  business. 
There  is  timber  enough  thereon  to  build  many  cities 
like  Chicago,  and  all  the  navies  of  the  world.  Its  val- 
leys are  fertile  and  thousands  of  tons  of  hay  that  now 
go  to  waste  will  be  saved  and  sold  for  twenty  dollars 
per  ton.  Its  mountains  are  full  of  precious  metals,  and 
the  hearty  prospector  is  camped  on  its  borders  await- 
ing the  action  of  congress. 

"Coeur  d'Alene  has  a  monthly  payroll  of  $25,000: 
$7,000  at  the  post ;  $6,000  by  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Rail- 
way and  Navigation  Co. ;  $4,000  by  the  St.  Joe  Trans- 
portation Company,  $4,000  by  the  Saginaw  Mill  Co., 
and  $3,000  by  the  Simms  Shingle  Company.  To  the 
pleasure  loving  tourist  or  connoisseur  of  Nature's 
gems,  the  beauties  of  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  and  sur- 

tirely  unique  and  excelled  by  no  other  wonder  of  the 
northwest." 

The  above  was  written  thirteen  years  ago  by  one 
who  had  unbounded  faith  in  the  future  of  the  city  and 
who  prophesied  substantial  growth  in  the  near  future. 
A  review  of  the  present  business  and  educational  in- 
stitutions will  show  how  wisely  he  prophesied. 

The  city  is  now  lighted  by  electricity  and  has  a  sys- 
tem of  water  works  that  was  constructed  in  1889  by 
James  Monaghan,  C.  B.  King  and  D.  C.  Corbin. 
Messrs.  Monaghan  and  King  are  the  present  owners, 
Mr.  Corbin  disposed  of  his  interests.  There  are  five 
miles  of  mains  and  the  pumping  capacity  of  the  ma- 
chinery is  55,000  gallons  per  hour.  The  plant  is  un- 
der the  management  of  James  Graham. 

The  present  school  building  was  erected  in  1890;  it 
is  a  handsome  two-story  frame  facing  Seventeenth 
street  and  has  a  campus  of  one  entire  block ;  the  origi- 
nal cost  was  $9,000.  The  present  valuation  of  school 
property  is  about  $12.000.  Plans  have  been  made  to 
double  the  capacity  of  the  present  building,  as  it  is  not 
capable  of  accommodating  the  increasing  enrollment, 
which,  during  the  past  school  year,  was  two  hundred 
and  twenty-five.  The  present  school  board  consists  of 
V.  W.  Sander,  chairman,  C.  L.  Deffenbaugh,  clerk,  D. 
F.  Mason,  W.  B.  McFarland,  George  C.  Thompson 
and  Dr.  S.  H.  McEuen.  During  the" school  year  just 
closed  the  schools  were  in  charge  of  ProfessoV  Ben  C. 
Camps,  principal :  Miss  Bertha  Burrows,  grammar 
grade,  Miss  Metta  H.  Miles,  first  intermediate, 
Miss  Susie  L.  Davis,  second  intermediate,  Miss 
Lillian  Pennington,  primary  department.  For  the 
coming  school  year  the  following  faculty. has  bee  en- 
gaged :  Principal,  Prof.  W.  O.  Cummings ;  assistant 
principal,  Miss  Agnes  Maine.  Miss  Susie  Davis  and 
Miss  Lillian  Pennington  are  re-elected  to  their  former 
positions.  The  principal  is  paid  a  salary  of  eighty- 
five  dollars  per  month,  and  the  assistants  fifty  dollars. 
The  schools  have  been  remarkably  successful ;  the  citi- 
zens have  taken  a  special  interest  and  pride  in  their 
progress,  and  the  competent  corps  of  instructors  by 
enthusiastic  endeavor  have  won  the  confidence  of  the 
community  and  accomplished  splendid  results  in  the 


upbuilding  of  character  and  in  the  right  culture  of  the 
minds  of  the  youths  entrusted  to  their  care. 

The  Methodists  and  Presbyterians  have  good  houses 
of  worship ;  the  latter  erected  a  building  in  1890,  and 
the  former  erected  one  in  1894.  Rev.  T.  G.  Hodgson 
is  the  Methodist  pastor,  and  Rev.  G.  L.  Deffenbaugh 
the  Presbyterian.  Rev.  C.  P.  Burnett  conducts  Epis- 
copal services  every  two  Xveeks.  The  Catholics  are 
planning  a  church  building,  under  the  directions  of 
Father  Purcell,  who  has  recently  moved  to  Coeur 
d'Alene  from  Rathdrurri.  Rev.  Mr.  Deffenbaugh  was 
the  first  Presbyterian  minister  to  hold  services  in  Coeur 
d'Alene,  his  first  pastorate  beginning  in  1889.  After 
an  absence  of  a  few  years  he  returned  to  the  city  in 
1895,  and  has  remained  here  since.  The  first  Metho- 
dist services  were  conducted  by  Chaplain  McCumber, 
of  the  Post,  in  1889.  The  churches  are  all  in  a  nourish- 
ing condition  and  are  working  harmoniously  for  the 
elevation  of  the  standard  of  intellectual  and  moral 

The  fraternal  spirit  permeates  all  circles  in  Coeur 
d'Alene ;  the  lodges  are  numerous  and  each  has  a  large 
membership  roll.  The  following  is  the  list:  Koot- 
enai  Masonic  Lodge,  E.,  N.  Jellum,  W.  M. ;  Geo. 
Thomas,  S.  W. :  J.  R.  White,  J.  W. ;  William  Dollar, 
treasurer;  A.  Chamberlin,  secretary.  Kootenai  Lodge, 
No  7,  Knights  of  Pythias;  J.  T.  Scott,  C.  C. ;  J.  A. 
Waters,  V.  C.,  Coeur  d'Alene.  I.  O.  O.  F. :  J.  Y. 
Scott,  N.  G.;  Perry  Smith,  V.  G.;  T.  E.  Hedel,  re- 
cording secretary ;  F.  F.  Rosen,  financial  secretary  •  J. 
W.  Wigget,  treasurer.  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men, 
Coeur  d'Alene  Tribe :  James  E.  Russell,  prophet :  Jos- 
eph Burzynski,  sachem ;  Fred  Lange,  senior  sagamore ; 
J.  B.  Frederick,  junior  sagamore;  J.  C.  Clark,  chief 
of  records;  Frank  Dunn,  collector  of  wampum:  Cle- 
ment Wilkins,  keeper  of  wampum.  Aldrich  Field  Hive 
No.  7,  Maccabees:  Ella  Reynolds,  lady  commander; 
Jennie  Groves,  lieutenant  commander;'  Alaude  Ditt- 
inore,  record  keeper.  Sherman  Tent,  No.  i ,  Knights  of 
Maccabees :  Wm.  Fredrick,  commander ;  Frank  Weeds, 
lieutenant  commander;  Joseph  L.  Burzynski,  record 
and  financier  keeper.  M.  W.  A. :  L.  S.  Ayatte,  V.  C. ; 
G.  W.  Bradley,  W.  A.:  Leroy  Weston,  banker:  A. 
V.  Chamberlin,  clerk.  Royal  "Neighbors.  Ida  Wells, 
oracle ;  Mable  Barnes,  V.  O. :  Hattie  McEwen,  P.  O. ; 
Mary  Waters,  chancellor ;  Eva  Hahn,  recorder. 

The  town  board  is  composed  of  J.  C.  Thomas, 
chairman  and  ex  officio  mayor  of  the  city,  Armand 
Perrenoud.  C.  Chamberlin,  W.  B.  McFarland  and  V. 
W.  Sander.  C.  Clayton  is  city  treasurer ;  J.  H.  Harte, 
city  clerk,  and  John  Schneider,  city  marshal.  Of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Fire  Department  George  Groves  is  fore- 
man;  H.  M.  Thanke,  assistant;  George  Thomp- 
son, second  assistant;  F.  A.  Shallis,  third  assistant; 
James  H.  Harte,  president;  W.  B.  McFarland, 
vice  president ;  T.  A.  Shallis,  secretary ;  D.  F.  Mason, 
treasurer. 

The  Coeur  d'Alene  Press  is  an  ably  edited  weekly 
paper,  which  has  been  under  the  editorial  and  business 
management  of  J.  T.  Scott  since  1892.  It  is  Demo- 
cratic in  politics,  but  is  devoted  to  the  best  interests  of 
Coeur  d'Alene  and  Kootenai  county.  The  Independent 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


is  also  a  weekly  paper  published  by  C.  A.  Smith  and 
O.  B.  Moon.  Its  publication  began  in  July,  1902.  Mr. 
Smith  and  Mr.  Moon  are  recent  arrivals  in  the  city, 
the  former  from  Duluth,  Minnesota,  and  the  latter  from 
Eagle  River,  Wisconsin.  The  paper  is  independent  in 
politics,  and  the  editors  are  making  many  friends  for 
themselves  and  for  the  city  by  their  progressive  and 
energetic  methods.  The  business  establishments  of 
Coeur  d'Alene  are  too  numerous  for  detailed  mention, 
but  we  will  review  them  at  as  great  length  as  our  space 
will  permit: 

The  Idaho  Mercantile  Co.  is  a  pToneer  house,  of 
which  V.  W.  Sander  is  president  and  James  Roche 
secretary  and'  treasurer.  The  company  conducts  a 
general  store  and  enjoys  an  immense  trade.  K  B. 
Keller  &  Co.  are  also  general  merchants  and  carry  a 
large  stock;  Charles  L.  Dittmore  is  associated  with 
M.  Keller  in  this  house.  Another  general  store  is 
conducted  by  W.  B.  McFarland,  a  pioneer  citizen. 
Fred  A.  Shallis  carries  a  large  stock  of  groceries. 
Armand  Perrenoud  is  the  hardware  merchant;  Mr. 
Perrenoud  has  a  branch  store  at  St.  Maries.  Other 
prominent  and  successful  business  men  are  James  H. 
Harte,  Brennan  and  Steele,  and  A.  V.  Chamberlin. 
real  estate  agents ;  Thomas  E.  Hedal,  furniture  and 
undertaking ;  M.  C.  Normoyle,  president  and  manager, 
and  Felix  Le  Marinel,  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Inn  Co.;  Emanuel  G.  Hoelzele,  pro- 
prietor of  the  Sorenson  House ;  H.  L.  Bancroft,  of  the 
Bancroft  House :  Theodore  G.  Kaesemeyer.  city  meat 
market:  W.  P.  Lumpkin,  Lakeside  Pharmacy;  Robt. 
R.  Maun  and  Otto  Nikolas,  blacksmiths;  Clement 
Wilkins,  druggist;  Geo.  C.  Thompson,  baker;  The 
Wiggett  &  Empey  Co.,  Ltd.,  genral  merchandise; 
B.  H.  Williams,  boots  and  shoes;  the  Potter  general 
store ;  Stewart  the  Haberdasher ;  the  Exchange  Bank, 
Willliam  Dollar,  president,  Harry  A.  Kunz,  cashier; 
J.  O.  Jones,  tailor,  the  Ashton  Furniture  Company, 
O.  B.  Moon,  O.  M.  Sparks  and  C.  A.  Smith,  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Law  and  Land  Co.;  Ed.  Turner,  clean- 
ing and  repairing:  H.  W.  Frixzel,  jewelry;  John  B. 
Goode,  J.  L.  McClear,  Earl  Sanders,  H".  B.  King, 
Willis  Sweet  (recently  appointed  Attorney  General 
for  Porto  Rico) .  Tames  Graham,  attorneys  at  law :  S. 
H.  McEuen,  dentist ;  H.  R.  Elderkin,  John  Sabin,  and 
P.  T.  Scallon,  physicians.  Among  the  mill  companies 
having  plants  at  Coeur  d'Alene,  or  contemplating  their 
erection,  are  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Lumber  Company, 
capital  stock  $=50,000;  Herman  Swanke,  president; 
William  Dollar;  vice-president ;  Chas.  R.  Stwer,  sec- 
retary, and  Joseph  Roener,  treasurer.  The  Howard 
Lumber  Co.,"  of  which  E.  A.  Blackwell  is  manager, 
contemplates  the  erection  of  a  mill  with  a  capacity 
of  250,000  feet  per  day.  The  Robins  Lumber  Co. 
has  purchased  a  mill  site.  The  Big  Four  Lumber  Co., 
successors  to  Lyon  Lumber  Co.,  has  purchased  mill 
machinery  to  equip  a  plant  with  a  capacity  of  100,000 
feet  per  day ;  H.  W.  Gallehee,  E.  F.  Dodd,'  W.  E.  Fore 
and  Frank  Leighton  are  prominent  stockholders  in  this 
company.  The  Woodruff-McGuire  Lumber  Co.  and 
the  Stafett  &  Rice  Co.  will  erect  mills  on  the  Spokane 
river  a  short  distance  below  the  city.  The  Weyer- 


haueser  syndicate  contemplates  the  erection  of  a  mill  at 
Coeur  d'Alene  in  the  near  future.  Allen  &  Gunder- 
son  have  completed  a  mill  with  a  capacity  of  25,000 
feet  per  day. 

Besides  great  activity  in  the  milling  business,  Coeur 
d'Alene  has  splendid  prospects  in  other  directions.  It 
has  always  been  a  favorite  summer  resort  and  is  each 
year  receiving  an  increased  patronage  from  tourists 
and  sportsmen.  Every  provision  has  been  made  for 
caring  for  the  great  crowds  that  yearly  come  to  the 
lake  for  recreation  and  rest.  The  Northern  Pacific 
steamer,  Georgia  Oaks,  makes  daily  trips  between 
Coeur  d'Alene  and  Harrison.  Other  steamers  plying 
from  Coeur  d'Alene  to  the  head  of  navigation  on  Coeur 
d'Alene  and  St.  Joe  rivers,  are  the  Spokane,  Capt. 
J.  D.  McDonald;  the  new  steamer  Colfax;  the  De- 
fender, which  has  recently  been  rebuilt ;  the  Torpedo, 
Capt.  Sparks;  the  Schley,  Capt.  Joe  Cole;  the  Tele- 
phone; the  Bonnie  Doon;  the  Hunter,  and  a  new 
steamer,  the  Idaho,  which  has  accommodations  for 
i. ooo  people.  Besides  these  there  are  sail  and  row. 
boats  at  the  command  of  the  tourist. 

The  business  men  of  Coeur  d'Alene  have  formed 
themselves  into  an  association  for  the  purpose  of  fur- 
thering the  best  interests  of  the  city.  The  name  of  the 
association  is  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Commercial  Club, 
and  the  officers  are  as  follows  :  President,  J.  F.  Scott ; 
vice  president,  M.  C.  Normoyle ;  secretary,  Earl  Sand- 
ers; treasurer,  Otto  Schmidt;  executive  committee, 
James  Roche,  chairman,  A.  V.  Chamberlin,  C.  A. 
Smith  and  B.  H.  Williams.  The  Cable  Milling  Co., 
of  Postfalls,  has  been  granted  a  franchise  to  construct 
and  operate  a  new  water  system  iri  the  city  and  also  an 
electric  lighting  plant.  New  docks  and  a  new  station 
are  soon  to  be  built  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Co.  In 
November,  1902,  articles  of  incorporation  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  and  Spokane  Electric  Railway  were  filed  at 
Boise.  The  capital  stock  of  the  company  was  placed 
at  $500,000 ;  directors,  F.  A.  Blackwell,  William  Dol- 
lar, A.  Bettis,  of  Coeur  d'Alene:  F.  S.  Rubins,  of 
Rhinelander,  Wisconsin,  and  C.  P.  Lindsay,  of  Spo- 
kane. F.  A.  Blackstone  is  president ;  A.  Bettis.  general 
manager ;  J.  C.  White,  chief  engineer.  The  road  will 
be  an  electric  passenger  and  freight  line  from  Coeur 
d'Alene  to  Spokane;  the  construction  work  is  well 
under  way  and  the  road  will  be  in  opera 


fall. 


i  Rath- 


arum,  the  county  seat,  and  thirty-three  miles  east_of 
Spokane ;  its  population  is  about  twelve  hundred.  Trib- 
utary to  the  city  is  almost  limitless  timbered  area;  in 
addition  it  must  always  receive  material  support  from 
the  mining  regions  at  present  in  various  stages  of 
development:  an  extensive  agricultural  section  is  fast 
developing  to  the  west  and  north;  its  natural  advant- 
ages and  beautiful  surroundings  are  becoming-  widely 

summer  resort;  its  citizens  are  a  unit  in  all  efforts  to 
advance  the  city's  best  interests.  Coeur  d'Alene  must 
for  these  reasons  continue  to  grow  and  prosper  and 
it  will  eventually  become  one  of  the  most  populous 
and  wealthy,  as  it  is  now  one  of  the  most  attractive 
and  progressive  cities  of  Idaho. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


At  Sandpoint  the  Great  Northern  and  the  North- 
ern Pacific  railroads  are  but  little  more  than  one  mile 
apart.  In  their  course  across  the  western  half  of  the 
continent  from  St.  Paul  to  Seattle  this  is  the  nearest 
approach  to  a  junction  made  by  the  main  lines  of  these 
roads  except  at  Spokane.  No  town  in  northern  Idaho 
has  undergone  more  wonderful  transformations  than 
have  taken  place  at  Sandpoint,  during  the  past  few 
years.  In  comparison  with  the  other  settlements  of 
this  section  in  point  of  time,  it  is  a  prisoner,  but  the 
period  of  transformation  has  extended  back  only  a  few 
years.  In  1900  it  was  credited  with  a  population  of 
five  hundred  and  seven.  There  are  now  said  to  be  about 
twelve  hundred  people  permanently  settled  within  its 
corporate  limits.  From  Spokane  Sandpoint  is  distant 
sixty-nine  miles  over  the  Northern  Pacific  and  seventy- 
four  miles  over  the  Great  Northern  railroad.  In  many 
respects  it  is  most  advantageously  located.  Excellent 
shipping  facilities  are  afforded  by  the  two  trans-con- 
nental  roads.  It  is  near  the  foot  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille 
and  directly  on  the  shores  of  this  magnificent  body  of 
water.  Freight  and  passenger  steamers  ply  the  lake 
to  and  from  the  mining  camps  in  the  Lakeview  region 
at  the  head  of  the  lake.  To  the  west  the  Pend  Oreille 
river  is  navigable  for  about  thirty  miles,  as  far  as  the 
town  of  Priest  River,  making  the  agricultural  valley  of 
this  river  in  a  measure  tributary  to  Sandpoint.  The 
timber  supply  to  the  north  and  along  the  streams  enter- 
ing the  lake  is  practically  inexhaustible,  insuring  the 
permanence  of  the  lumber  industry  which  is  already 
assuming  gigantic  proportions. 

The  history  of  Sandpoint  as  a  settlement  dates 
back  to  the  year  1880,  when  Robert  Weeks  opened  a 
general  store  and  dealt  in  furs.  At  the  same  time  he 
conducted  a  hotel  and  bar  and  operated  a  small  saw- 
mill. Later  a  general  merchandise  store  was  opened 
by  his  son  Barton  and  the  son's  wife.  His  daughters 
were  also  interested  in  the  business,  which  was  con- 
ducted under  the  firm  name  of  E.  L.  Weeks  &  Com- 
pany. The  survey  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad 
was  made  in  1880,  but  even  before  it  was  completed 
the  certainty  of  its  coming  led  a  few  to  make  per- 
manent settlements  and  to  engage  in  business.  John 
Russell,  now  a  citizen  of  Rathdrum,  opened  a  general 
store  in  1880.  He  was  followed  by  James  Baldwin, 
who  owned  a  restaurant.  A  little  later  Harry  Baldwin 
put  up  a  hotel,  the  Baldwin  House,  which  afterward 
burned  with  Weeks'  store  building.  The  following 
year  Mr.  Weeks  erected  a  saw-mill,  in  which  venture 
he  failed  financially.  The  town  was  for  a  long  time 
known  as  Pend  Oreille.  On  an  old  railroad  map  we 
find  it  so  named  as  a  station  on  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad.  The  first  postoffice  was  at  a  little  settlement 
called  Venton,  distant  about  three  and  one-half  miles 
across  the  lake  from  the  present  town.  When  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad  was  completed  the  town  of 
Venton  collapsed,  the  postorfice  was  removed  to  Sand- 
point,  or,  as  it  was  then  called,  Pend  Oreille,  and 
shortly  afterward  John  Russell  was  made  postmaster. 
The  second  person  in  Charge  of  the  postoffice  was 


Mrs.  Emma  L.  Weeks.  The  name  of  the  railroad  sta- 
tion and  postoffice  was  changed  to  Sandpoint  about 
the  time  that  Mrs.  Weeks  became  postmistress. 

Interest  in  educational  matters  was  manifested 
early  in  the  history  of  the  settlement.  The  first  school 
was  of  short  duration,  lasting  but  three  months,  and 
was  taught  by  S.  L.  Smith,  familiarly  known  as 
"Pap"  Smith;  who  is  now  a  prosperous  rancher  and 
fruit  grower  living  near  Rathdrum.  It  was  a  sub- 
scription school,  as  were  the  schools  that  followed  in 
the  middle  eighties.  This  first  term  was  held  in  the 
building  now  occupied  by  Thomas  E.  Murphy  as  a  res- 
idence. Mr.  Smith  received  fifty  dollars  per  month 
for  his  services.  The  next  school  was  taught  by  Mrs. 
T.  E.  Murphy  in  the  same  building.  Early  teachers 
who  followed  Airs.  Murphy  were  Mrs.  Harper,  Miss 
Gorch  and  Miss  Andrews.  Miss  Gorch  taught  in  the 
old  Pend  Oreille  hotel  and  Miss  Andrews  in  a  church 
building. 

During  the  period  extending  from  1885  to  1893,  the 
growth  of  the  village  was  very  slow,  but  there  was  a 
gradual  increase  in  population  as  the  surrounding  ter- 
ritory was  being  settled,  prospecting  was  continued  in 
the  mountains  adjacent  to  the  lake,  and  the  lumber, 
pole  and  tie  industries  were  gradually  becoming  more 
important.  Among  the  business  men  of  this  period 
were  J.  L.  Pritchard  who  conducted  a  general  store 
and  was  one  of  the  early  postmasters;  Herron  and 
Carpenter,  and  Butler  and  Culver,  general  merchandise  ; 
H.  M.  Casey,  now  of  Bonner's  Ferry,  restaurant;  Sam- 
uel Hayes, 'general  store;  Harvy  Baldwin,  hotel.  In 
1891  Ignatz  Weil  bought  the  Weeks  store  and  for 
many  years  was  the  leading  merchant  and  manager 
of  the  Sandpoint  Mercantile  Company.  Mr.  Weil 
withdrew  from  this  position  in  November,  1895,  and 
was  succeeded  by  W.  C.  King.  He  has  since  been 
proprietor  of  one  of  the  additions  to  the  town  site. 
The  Sandpoint  Mercantile  Company  operated  a  saw-  ; 
mill.  Other  mills  in  operation  about  this  time  were 
the  Cannon  and  Gray  mill,  in  which  Mr.  Weil  was  in- 
terested, and  the  Fowle  Shingle  mill,  J.  Nesbit,  man- 
ager, which  had  a  capacity  of  one  hundred  thousand 
shingles  per  day.  The  N.  P.  Hotel  was  the  main 
hostelry  and  a  lodging  house  was  conducted  by  Mrs. 
Maloney.  C.  E.  Redman  was  agent  for  the  "North- 
ern Pacific.  He  succeeded  Thomas  E.  Murphy,  who 
came  in  1885  and  remained  in  the  employ  of  the  com- 
pany for  seven  years.  Mr.  Murphy  now  ownes  and 
operates  a  ranch  across  the  lake  and  a  number  of 
prospects  in  the  mining  regions.  The  earlier  newspa- 
per men  of  the  town  were  L.  H.  Faust,  now  a  state  sen- 
ator in  the  Montana  legislature,  and  J.  R.  Law,  who 
came  here  from  Hope,  and  for  a  time  published  the 
Sandpoint  Journal. 

The  building  of  the  Great  Northern  R.  R.  in  1891- 
92  improved  conditions  very  materially  for  a  time,  as 
it  gave  employment  to  a  great  many  and  revived  in- 
terest in  the  future  of  the  town.  New  investments 
were  made  by  capitalists  from  the  outside  and  the 
fact  became  established  that  Sandpoint  must  eventu- 
ally become  an  important  trading,  shipping,  mining 
and  manufacturing  center.  In  building  to  Bonner's 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Ferry  the  Great  Northern  cut  off  from  Standpoint  a 
certa'in  amount  of  support  it  had  previously  enjoyed, 
but  in  the  increase  of  business  from  other  sources,  this 
loss  was  scarcely  felt. 

In  1892  L.  D.  Farmin  came  to  Standpoint  as  agent 
of  the  Great  Northern.  Mrs.  Farmin  succeeded  him  in 
this  position,  the  two  remaining  with  the  company 
until  recent  years.  In  September,  1893,  Mr.  Farmin 
[  filed  on  a  tract  of  land  which  includes  the  original 
town  site.  It  was  at  that  time  unsurveyed  and  in  the 
patent  the  boundary  is  described  as  follows:  "Com- 
mencing at  the  old  Northern  Pacific  turn  table  and  run- 
ning one-half  mile  west  to  the  line  of  W.  B.  Dishman's 
land,  thence  one-half  mile  east  along  the  old  country 
road  to  Sand  Creek,  thence  one-half  mile  north  to  the 
point  of  starting.'  After  being  surveyed  the  legal  de- 
scription of  the  land  was  northeast  quarter  of  section 
22,  township  57  north,  range  2  west  of  Boise  meridian. 
During  the  financial  panic  of  the  early  nineties  busi- 
ness was  at  a  standstill,  as  it  was  every  where,  but  from 
this  period  of  depression  Sandpoint  has  rapidly  recov- 
ered and  is  now  one  of  the  best  business  points  in 
northern  Idaho.  Besides  financial  troubles,  the  peo- 
ple have  had  to  contend  with  other  disturbing  factors 
that  have  from  time  to  time  operated  temporarily 
against  rapid  progress  in  business  and  manufacturing 
enterprises.  Among  these  have  been  several  disas- 
trous fires  that  have  laid  waste  the  business  portions 
of  the  town.  The  N.  P.  depot,  Mr.  Murphy's  residence 
and  the  small  building  next  to  it  are  the  only  buildings 
of  the  original  town  that  are  still  standing.  In  1887 
the  Baldwin  House  and  some  near-by  buildings  were 
destroyed  by  fire.  In  1892  the  old  Pend  Oreille 
hotel,  'owned  by  Baldwin  and  Bradley,  was  consumed 
and  with  it  went  some  smaller  structures.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1895,  the  town  had  a  narrow  escape  from  total 
destruction.  Fire  originated  this  time  in  the  Northern 
Pacific  hotel,  which  was  destroyed.  The  Fremont  House 
and  the  residence  of  B.  F.  Butler  were  also  burned. 
The  most  destructive  fire  occurred  in  November,  1900. 
All  that  portion  of  the  town  east  of  the  N.  P.  R.  R. 
track,  from  the  depot  to  the  residence  of  Harry  Bald- 
win, was  destroyed.  The  fire  started  in  the  Park  Hotel 
and  soon  spread  to  adjoining  buildings.  The  block 
was  composed  of  frame  buildings  entirely  and  al- 
though a  volunteer  fire  department  assisted  by  citizens, 
made  every  effort  to  stay  the  work  of  the  flames,  the 
entire  block  was  razed  to  the  ground.  To  prevent 
the  destruction  of  the  residence  portion  of  the  town  a 
dwelling  belonging  to  Mrs.  Hines  was  blown  up  with 
dynamite.  The  losses  in  this  fire  were  as  follows :  B. 
F'.  Butler  &  Company,  saloon  and  fixtures,  $2,000,  in- 
surance $700:  H.  Boyle,  Park  Hotel,  $1,200;  J.  M. 
Bradley,  saloon  and  restaurant,  $2,500;  F.  Courtway, 
saloon,  $i,ooo ;  L.  Knaak,  two  buildings,  $2,500;  I. 
Underwood,  restaurant,  $250.00;  H.  Sawyer,  lodging 
house,  $450 :  Mrs.  Hines,  dwelling,  $450. 

The  town  site  of  Sandpoint  was  laid  out  in  1898 
by  L.  D.  Farmin.  Its  level  is  ten  feet  above  the  high 
water  mark  of  1894.  In  this  year  the  water  in  the  lake 
raised  thirtv-one  feet  and  a  few  houses  that  had  been 


built  in  the  flat  back  of  the  town  were  floated  away  on 
the  flood. 

The  damage  done  by  the  water  at  this  time  was  not 
considerable,  however,  and  there  never  has  been  a  time 
before  nor  since  the  year  1894  when  there  has  been 
danger  from  high  water  at  Sandpoint.  The  elevation 
of  the  lake  surface  at  this  point  is  two  thousand  and 
fifty  feet  at  low  water  stage,  while  the  elevation  of  the 
main  portion  of  the  town  site  is  two  thousand,  one  hun- 
dred and  nineteen  feet.  At  the  present  time  there  are 
three  divisions  of  the  town  site  within  the  corporate 
limits,  the  original  portion  laid  out  by  Mr.  Farmin, 
1.  Weil's  addition  and  Law's  addition.  Outside  of  the 
corporate  limits  is  what  is  known  as  the  Mill  addition, 
containing  about  eighty  residences,  which  have  been 
built  and  are  owned  by  the  company  and  rented  to 
employes. 

Sandpoint  was  incorporated  in  1900.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  first  town  board  were  H.  C.  Culver,  J.  M. 
Bradley,  P.  H.  Moran,  C.  F.  Ewing  and  C.  W.  Wil- 
son. The  first  municipal  election  was  held  in  1901. 
The  members  of  the  present  town  board  are  O.  F. 
Page,  chairman,  J.  F.  Yost,  O.  L.  Peavy.  C.  R.  Foss 
and  J.  M.  Bradley.'  F.  E.  Catlin  is  town  clerk,  W.  F. 
Whitaker  treasurer  and  H.  Sawyer  marshal.  In  March, 
1901,  the  town  council  passed  the  following  ordinance 
defining  the  town  limits  and  describing  the  town  seal : 

Be  it  ordained  by  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  vil- 
lage of  Sandpoint : 

Chapter  I.  Section  i.  The  following  described 
lines  shall,  for  the  present  and  until  changed  or  altered, 
be  and  compose  the  limits  of  the  territory  of  the  village 
of  Sandpoint,  to-wit :  Beginning  at  the  northeast  cor- 
ner of  the  northeast  quarter  of  section  22,  township 
57  north,  range  2  west  B.  M.,  running  thence  one-half 
mile  west ;  thence  one-half  mile  south :  thence 
due  east  to  the  low  water  mark  of  Lake 
Pend  Oreille,  thence  in  a  northerly  direction  along 
said  low  water  mark  to  the  section  mark  to  the  sec- 
tion line  between  sections  23  and  14  in  said  town- 
ship and  range :  thence  west  to  place  of  beginning. 

Chapter  II.  Seal.  Section  i.  That  a  seal  in  cir- 
cular form  with  the  words  "Town  of  Sandpoint,  Ida- 
ho," on  the  outer  circle  and  the  words,  "Koonetai 
County"  and  the  word  "Seal"  in  center,  and  the  same 
is  hereby  made  the  corporate  seal  of  the  village  of. 
Sandpoint,  Idaho,  to  be  used  in  all  cases  in  which  by 
the  laws  of  Idaho  and  the  customs  of  nations  it  is 
necessary  to  use  a  seal  by  a  corporation. 

The  public  schools  of  Sandpoint  deserve  special 
mention.  The  success  which  has  invariably  attended 
the  conduct  of  these  schools  is  in  a  measure  explained 
by  the  following  remarks  recently  made  by  a  prominent 
citizen  in  speaking  of  the  conditions  prevailing  in  the 
town.  He  said :  "We  take  special  pride  in  our  public 
schools.  There  are  none  better  elsewhere.  ( )ur  teach- 
ers are  efficient,  enthusiastic  and  conscientious,  and 
the  school  building  does  the  people  of  the  town  credit. 
'Progress'  is  our  watchword,  and  we  take  a  keen  in- 
terest in  all  that  pertains  to  educational  matters."  We 
have  already  given  some  of  the  very  early  school  his- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


tory.  After  incorporation  a  small  school  house  was 
erected,  which  was  afterward  purchased  by  the  Meth- 
odist church  people,  was  remodeled  and  is  now  used 
as  a  church  building.  Land  for  its  occupation  was 
donated  by  L.  D.  Farmin.  Among  those  who  taught 
school  here  just  prior  to  the  erection  of  this  building 
were  Miss  Minnie  E.  Price,  who  taught  in  an  old 
shack  that  stood  on  the  Prichard  place,  and  Mrs. 
Bellamy,  who  occupied  a  former  saloon  building.  In 
1897  the  present  handsome  structure  was  built  on 
ground  donated  to  the  school  district  by  L.  D.  Farmin. 
It  is  a  two-story  frame,  containing  five  rooms.  The 
cost  of  the  building  and  furniture  was  about  four 
thousand  dollars.  At  the  time  of  the  organization  of 
Kootenai  county  there  were  but  two  school  districts. 
Number  one  included  Coeur  d'Alene  and  all  the  ter- 
ritory south;  number  two  included  Rathdrum  and  all 
the  territory  north.  The  first  district  formed  after 
county  organization  was  number  three,  which  included 
the  settlement  at  Sandpoint  and  a  great  deal  of  terri- 
tory north  and  west.  It  is  now  known  as  independent 
district  number  three.  The  present  board  of  trustees 
consists  of  W.  E.  Hutchinson,  chairman,  B.  L.  Wal- 
rad,  clerk,  and  W.  F.  Whitaker.  The  enrollment  for 
the  present  school  year  has  reached  two  hundred  and 
twenty-five.  The  corps  of  instructors  now  in  charge 
of  the  schools  is  made  up  of  Professor  F.  W.  Roberts, 
principal,  Miss  Bertha  Huey,  Miss  Leona  Hern.  Miss 
Clara  Sydow,  Miss  Carrie  Bullock.  The  principal  re- 
ceives a  salary  of  seventy-five  dollars  per  month,  his 
assistants,  each  fifty-five  dollars. 

Sandpoint  has  one  church  building  which  is  occu- 
pied by  the  Methodists.  Rev.  J.  C.  Reed  is  pastor. 
The  building  was  reconstructed  from  the  old  school 
house.  There  are  other  church  organizations,  but 
they  have  not  as  yet  built  houses  of  worship. 

The  fraternal  "spirit  pervades  all  circles  at  Sand- 
point  and  the  lodges  are  well  represented.  The  fol- 
lowing orders  have  regular  chapters  and  good  mem- 
bership rolls:  Helmer  Lodge  No.  «,  K.  of  P.,  S. 
G.  Yoder.  C.  C. ;  L.  D.  Farmin,  K.  of  R.  and  S. ; 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Sandpoint  Lodge  No.  59,  Alex  Platt,  N. 
G.,  P.  H.  Moran.  R.  S.;  Royal  Tent,  No.  23,  K.  O. 
T.  M.,  W.  F.  Whitaker,  Com.,  E.  A.  Sherburne,  R. 
K.;  Mizpah  Hive,  No.  15,  L.  O.  T.  M.,  Louisa  Wil- 
son, Com.,  Blanch  Kurd.  R.  K. ;  M.  W.  A.,  Sand- 
point  camp  No.  7191,  P.  H.  Moran,  V.  C.,  C.  R. 
Foss,  clerk.  Lakeside  Camp  No.  2373,  R.  N.  A., 
Mrs.  Ella  Farmin.  oracle,  Mrs.  Maude  Miller,  re- 
corder. Foresters  of  America,  Pend  Oreille,  Court 
No.  12,  Joseph  Helms,  C.  R.,  Thomas  Martin,  F.  S. 

The  business  houses  and  manufacturing  establish- 
ments of  Standpoint  rest  upon  a  sure  monetary  foun- 
dation. Some  of  them  have  had  struggles  in  the  past 
but  they  have  weathered  financial  storms  safely  and 
the  prospects  for  the  future  are  as  good  as  could  be 
desired.  A  review  of  these  interests  is  essential  and 
will  complete  the  history  of  the  growing  city. 

The  absorption  of  the  Sandpoint  Lumber  Com- 
pany in  1901  by  the  Humbird  Lumber  Company 
was  a  great  thing  for  Sandpoint.  The  new  com- 
pany has  practically  reconstructed  the  saw,  shingle 


and  planing  mills,  installing  new  machinery  that 
has  more  than  doubled  the  former  capacity  'of  the 
plant.  The  company  also  built  eighty  houses  for  the 
use  of  its  employees,  and  installed  an  electric  light 
plant,  which  furnishes  light  for  the  mill  and  yard 
and  also  for  the  town.  The  sawmill  is  the  largest  in 
the  region  between  the  Rocky  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
ranges  of  mountains.  It  has  a  cutting  capacity  of  two 
hundred  thousand  feet  every  twenty-four  hours, 
while  the  shingle  mill  output  is  four  hundred  thous- 
and in  a  like  period.  The  mill  has  a  most  convenient 
location  on  the  lake.  Recently  the  company  put  on 
a  night  shift  and  are  now  employing  two  hundred  and 
twenty-five  men  regularly.  The  company  also  con- 
ducts a  large  general  merchandise  store.  The  mill 
was  put  up  in  August,  1900,  at  a  cost  of  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  The  officers  of  the  company  are 
John  A.  Humbird,  of  St.  Paul,  president;  F.  Weyer- 
haueser,  of  St.  Paul,  vice-president;  E.  Rutledge,  of 
Chippewa  Falls.  Wisconsin,  secretary.  The  mill  is  un- 
der the  local  management  of  A.  E.  Rickerd.  The  trans- 
actions of  this  firm  foot  up  over  three  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars  yearly.  The  company  employs,  on  the 
outside  and  inside,  about  three  hundred  and  fifty 
men.  It  now  operates  two  steamers  on  the  lake,  the 
Pend  Oreille  and  the  Daisy,  and  has  two  others  in 
course  of  construction. 

B.  F.  Butler  and  H.  C.  Culver  constitute  one  of 
the  pioneer  business  firms  of  the  city.    Mr.  Butler  has 
been  a  resident  of  Kootenai  county  since  1881.     Mr. 
Culver  came  to  Sandpoint  in   1899.     They  have  an 
extensive  trade   in   general   merchandise,  cedar  posts 
and  poles.     They  are  men  of  excellent  business  quali- 
fications and  have  contributed  very  materially  to  the 
city's  growth  and  prestige. 

C.  W.    Wilson,     the     present    postmaster,    has    a 
stationery,  fruit  and  cigar  store.     He  has  always  had 
faith   in   the   future   of   the   town    and    surrounding 
country  and  has  been  identified  with  all  public  meas- 
ures for  the  common  good  and  the  advancement  of 
the  city's  best  interests.    He  was  appointed  postmaster 
in   1900.     T.  J.  Stonestreet  is  manager,  and  W.  F. 
Whitaker,  treasurer  of  the  Idaho  Cedar  Co.,  which 
deals  in  poles,  posts,  piling,  etc.     Mr.  Whitaker  came 
in    1898   as   secretary  and   cashier  of   the   Sandpoint 
Mercantile    &    Lumber    Co.,    now    the    Humbird    Co. 
He  is  now  a  justice  of  the  peace.  Charles  R.  Foss.  the 
druggist,  opened  his  present  business  in   1900.     His 
establishment    is    one    of    the    most    popular   -trading 
places  in  the  city.     Mr.  Foss  is  a  member  of  the  city 
council.     L.  D.  Farmin  and  J.  O.   Burket  are  pro- 
prietors  of    the    Sandpoint    Hardware   &    Furniture 
Co.,  established  in  1902.     L.  D.  Farmin,  I.  Weil,  J. 
R.  Law  and  the  Sandpoint  Real  Estate  Agency,  deal 
in  city  lots  and  outside  property.     A.  R.  Sweet  has 
been  established  for  two  years  in  the  jewelry  and  re- 
pairing business.     W.  H.  Wells  is  a  painter  and  deco- 
rator.    A  livery  stable  and  transfer  is  conduced  by 
C.  B.  LeDean.     L.  D.  Farmin  also  owns  a  transfer 
line  between   the   two   railroad   stations.     E.  J.   Cos- 
scallen  has   a  good  trade   in  hardware,  vehicles  and 
furniture.     T.    H.   Darrow   conducts   the    Sandpoint 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


795 


meat  market.  Charles  Hutchins  and  Mr.  Ewing  are 
photographers.  Ferguson  &  Morrison  deal  in  gent's 
furnishing  goods.  The  Sandpoint  Hospital  is  con- 
ducted by  Dr.  N.  A.  Goddard,  formerly  senior 
physician  and  surgeon  to  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  at 
St.  Paul.  The  Peoples  Store  Co.,  which  has  an  ex- 
tensive general  trade  and  ships  poles  and  timber,  is 
under  the  management  of  Frank  Ewing.  In  the  list 
of  professional  men  are  H.  H.  Taylor,  John  A. 
Steinlein,  Peter  Johnson  and  D.  H.  Tandy,  attorneys ; 
Mr.  Steinlein  is  justice  of  the  peace.  Dr.  O.  F.  Page 
and  Dr.  Charles  S.  Moody  are  physicians  and  sur- 
geons. Dr.  J.  B.  Buchanan' practices  dentistry.  H.  E. 
Hunt  is  an  undertaker  and  embalmer.  Nelson  & 
Perkins  are  proprietors  of  a  new  bakery.  J.  C.  Helms 
is  a  contractor.  V.  M.  Underwood  &  Co.,  have 
a  laundry  and  lodging  house.  Warren  &  Richards 
deal  in  gent's  furnishings,  notions,  cigars,  etc.  There 
is  an  opera  house  with  a  seating  capacity  of  about 
four  hundred.  The  Bazaar  millinery  and  dress  goods 
establishment  is  conducted  by  Mrs.  E.  E.  Brey.  O. 
D.  Juergs  is  a  practical  shoemaker.  A  cigar  factory 
is  operated  by  M.  J.  Krakenburg.  W.  F.  Springer 
is  proprietor  of  the  Queen  barber  shop.  C.  B.  Jones 
conducts  the  Jones  feed  sore.  Jack  Mullen  is  a 
painter  and  paper  hanger.  J.  W.  Lea  is  a  custom 
tailor  and  has  a  good  trade.  W.  E.  Hutchinson  main- 
tains an  insurance  agency.  J.  H.  Ashley  is  a  civil 
engineer.  The  Star  meat  market  is  owned  by  T.  D. 
Pritchard.  The  Lumber  Jacks  eating  house  is  con- 
ducted by  William  Hanna ;  the  Palace  Hotel  by  Mrs. 
I.  Maloney :  the  Pend  Oreille  Hotel  by  John  Murray, 
and  the  Baldwin .  Hotel  by  Harry  Baldwin,  M'r. 
Murray  came  to  Sandpoint  in  1900;  his  hotel  is 
modern  in  its  appointments  and  enjoys  a  good  patron- 
age. Harry  Baldwin  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
town,  having  built  the  first  hotel ;  the  building  he  now 
occupies  is  a  new  twenty-room  hotel  and  is  a  credit 
to  the  growing  city. 

Sandpoint  has  excellent  prospects  for  the  future. 
For  months  there  has  been  a  rush  for  business  and 
residence  lots.  Seventy-five  buildings  were  erected 
from  the  first  of  March  to  the  last  of  July,  1892, 
and  there  has  thus  far  been  no  material  decrease  in 
the  building  boom.  At  the  present  time  the  buildings 
are  with  one  exception  frames.  Mr.  D.  H.  Tandy 
has  the  distinction  of  having  erected  the  first  brick 
business  building.  The  Sandpoint  Brick  Co.,  of 
which  H.  H.  Taylor  is  secretary  and  treasurer,  has 
installed  machinery  with  a  capaciy  to  turn  out  twenty 
thousand  bricks  per  day.  This  is  a  new  industry  here 
but  will  doubtless  prove  a  profitable  one  and  brick 
structures  will  no  doubt  in  time  replace  the  frame 
store  buildings  of  the  present.  While  Sandpoint  has 
exceptionally  good  shipping  facilities,  mail,  telephone 
and  express  accommodations,  it  as  yet  has  no  water 
or  electric  light  plant.  These  modern  conveniences, 
however,  are  soon  to  be  supplied.  In  Sand  creek, 
three  miles  from  town,  there  is  a  direct  fall  of  twenty- 
two  feet  and  the  volume  of  water  is  sufficient  to  pro- 
duce one  thousand  horse  power.  The  elevation  at 
the  falls  is  seven  hundred  feet  above  the  citv.  The 


water  rights  here  have  been  taken  up  by  Peter  John- 
son and  D.  H.  Tandy,  who  propose  constructing  a 
system  of  water  works  and  putting  in  an  electric 
light  plant  in  the  near  future.  Besides  the  mills 
already  in  operation,  the  Kootenai  Bay  Lumber  Co. 
is  constructing  a  mill  on  the  lake,  three  miles  east 
of  the  city.  Their  present  timber  supply  is  located  in 
the  Pack  river  district.  It  is  estimated  that  there  will 
be  almost  one  million  feet  of  logs  for  the  Sandpoint 
mills  put  into  the  lake  during  the  season.  It  is  be- 
lieved it  will  require  thirty  or  forty  years  to  saw  the 
visible  supply  of  timber  tributary  to  this  point.  In 
addition  to  the  agricultural  areas  now  surrounding 
Sandpoint  there  are  about  six  townships  on  the  flat 
at  the  foot  of  the  lake,  now  covered  by  a  heavy  growth 
of  timber,  that  will,  when  cleared,  make  the  best  of 
farming  land.  This  territory  will  in  the  future  con- 
tribute of  its  wealth  to  the  further  upbuilding  of  the 
city.  Material  support  is  destined  soon  to  come  from 
Ihe  lake  mineral  region.  A  vulcan  smelter,  costing 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  is  about 
to  be  built  at  Sandpoint.  The  Panhandle  Smelting  & 
Refining  Co.,  of  which  H.  M.  Williams,  of  Spokane, 
is  general  manager,  has  the  matter  in  hand  and  pro- 
poses to  have  the  works  in  operation  by  September 
rst.  Other  officers  of  the  company  are  president, 
Jacob  Hines,  Minneapolis;  vice-president,  M.  A. 
Murphy,  St.  Paul;  secretary,  W.  E.  Nelson,  Denver. 
T.  W.'Teasdale,  F.  W.  Condron,  and  E.  J.  Norton, 
all  of  St.  Paul,  are  directors.  The  plant  will  be  lo- 
cated about  two  miles  east  of  the  city  and  will  have 
a  capacity  of  three  hundred  tons  of  ore  per  day.  The 
company  has  already  purchased  boats  for  use  on  the 
lakes  ind  have  closed  contracts  with  mines  not  only 
in  the  Pend  Oreille  region  but  along  the  line  of  the 
Great  Northern  and  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  in 
Montana.  This  enterprise  will  bring  a  great  deal 
of  business  to  Sandpoint. 

In  eastern  lumber  markets  Sandpoint  is  known  as 
the  largest  shipper  of  cedar  telegraph,  telephone  and 
electric  light  poles,  and  piling  in  the  northwest,  the 

The  development  of  many  of  the  natural  resources  of 
the  surrounding  country  is  still  in  its  infancy,  which 
assures  a  continuance  of  growth  and  prosperity. 
Although  much  has  been  accomplished  in  the  lumber 
industry  it  is  only  partially  developed.  Within  a 
radius  of  thirty  miles  there  still  remains  500,000,000 
feet  of  timber,  the  chief  varieties  being  cedar,  white 
and  yellow  pine,  fir  and  tamarack.  Dairying  and 
fruit  raising  have  passed  the  experimental  stage  and 
are  destined  to  become  important  industries.  Close 
by  the  town,  along  the  lake,  are  immense  beds  of  the 
finest  aluminum  clay,  where  brick  factories  are  cer- 
tain to  be  built.  As"  a  summer  resort  Sandpoint  pos- 
cesses  excellent  advantages,  as  Pend  Oreille  is  the 
largest  and  most  magnificent  body  of  water  in  Idaho. 
The  scenery  along  its  shores  is 'indescribably  grand 
and  beautiful.  The  lake  is  over  sixy  miles  long  and 
has  a  shore  line  of  more  than  three  hundred  miles. 
Portions  of  its  surface  are  shadowed  by  the  most  ma- 
jestic mountains,  and  occasional  wooded  island  adds 


796 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


its  charm  to  the  natural  grandure  of  the  surround- 
ings and  in  places  long  beaches  and  shallow  water 
afford  excellent  opportunities  for  bathing.  Fish  are- 
plentiful  and  the  wooded  shores  and  hillsides  afford 
excellent  grouse  and  deer  shooting.  In  the  higher 
ranges  of  mountains  bear,  cougar,  and  caribou  are 
found.  Steamers  run  from  Sandpoint  to  Hope,  Lake- 
view  and  Idlewild  on  the  lake  and  as  far  down  the 
Pend  Oreille  river  as  the  towns  of  Priest  River  and 
Albany  Falls.  Almost  invariably  there  is  a  lawless 
element  in  frontier  towns  and  in  its  earlier  days  Sand- 
point  was  temporary  headquarters  for  a  few  individ- 
uals of  this  class.  But  in  the  process  of  development 
she  has  driven  this  disturbing  element  to  seek  other 
places  of  rendezvous  and  through  the  efforts  ot 
efficient  executive  officers,  has  become  a  quiet,  law  abid- 
ing city.  The  older  portion  of  the  town  was  built 
along  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  right  of  way,  near 
the  lake,  but  the  rapid  growth  of  the  past  few  years 
has  forced  it  across  Sand  creek  to  an  ideal  site,  above 
the  highest  water  mark  of  lake  and  river,  where  there 
is  plenty  of  room  for  a  very  large  city. 

Much  of  the  prosperity  that  has  come  to  Sand- 
point  in  the  past  two  years  has  resulted  from  the 
advertising  its  advantages  have  received  in  the  news- 
papers and  magazines  of  the  northwest,  and  no  small 
portion  of  the  credit  is  due  the  Kootenai  County  Re- 
publicans, the  local  newspaper  so  ably  edited  by  State 
Senator  John  F.  Yost.  Its  descriptive  and  statistical 
matter  has  been  copied  extensively  by  exchanges  and 
ai.  a  consequence  the  peculiar  advantages  of  the  lo- 
cation and  the  wonderful  opportunities  afforded  have 
become  known  far  and  wide.  There  is  no  more 
desirable  location  in  the  northwest  for  the  business 
man,  the  professional  man,  the  home  builder  or  the 
capitalist  than  Sandpoint,  Idaho. 

DONNERS    F1CRRY. 

Bonners  Ferry  is  a  town  about  which  center  the 
most  interesting  reminiscent  and  historical  events  as- 
sociated with  the  early  history  not  only  of  Kootenai 
county  but  of  northern  Idaho.  The  trail  made  by  the 
Boundary  Commission  in  1859  when  on  its  expedition 
to  locate  a  point  on  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  latitude 
which  had  been  agreed  upon  as  the  international  boun- 
dary line  between  the  United  States  and  British  Amer- 
ica, led  by  the  present  site  of  the  town.  The  old  Koo- 
tenai chief,  Abraham,  and  his  braves  carried  the  mem- 
bers of  the  commission  over  the  Kootenai  river  in  their 
long  canoes,  entertained  them  in  their  tepees  and  fur- 
nished them  with  guides  for  the  remainder  of  the 
journey.  This  old  trail  was  used  afterward  by  the 
pony  riders  in  the  Star  mail  route  service,  and  was 
better  known  after  the  early  sixties  as  the  Wild  Horse 
trail.  After  the  discovery  of  the  Wild  Horse  mines 
of  British  Columbia  in  1863  it  was  used  for  years  by 
the  great  army  of  prospectors  that  rushed  to  that  re- 
gion from  California,  Colorado,  Oregon  and  central 
Idaho.  When  the  rush  to  the  Wild  Horse  mines  began 
Edwin  L.  Bonner  was  in  the  mercantile  business  in 
Walla  Walla.  From  this  point  the  caravan  traveled 


over  the  old  Mullan  road  until  it  joined  the  Boundary 
Commission  trail  at  the  Antoine  Plante  ferry  over  the 
Spokane  river  at  the  present  site  of  Spokane  bridge. 
In  company  with  his  cousin,  R.  A.  Eddy,  and  two  oth- 
er business  associates,  Herman  Roberts  and  John  Wal- 
ton,'Mr.  Bonner  joined  one  of  the  northbound  parties, 
accompanying  it  as  far  as  the  present  site  of  the  ferry 
over  the  Kootenai  river.:  He  saw  the  need  of  a  good 
ferry  at  this  point  and  realized  that  it  would  prove  a 
remunerative  investment.  He  at  once  began  negotiat- 
ing with  Chief  Abraham  and  from  him  purchased  land 
on  either  side  of  the  river  for  use  in  establishing  the 
ferry  and  a  trading-  post.  Following  these  prelimin- 
aries he  secured  the  passage  of  an  act  through  the  Ida- 
ho territorial  legislature,  at  its  first  session,  a  copy 
of  which  will  be  found  in  the  first  chapter  of  the  his- 
tory of  Kootenai  county,  granting  him  exclusive  ferry 
privileges  at  this  point  and  fixing  transfer  charges. 
John  Walton  became  Mr.  Bonner's  agent  and  man- 
aged the  ferry  and  trading  post  until  1874,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  Louis  Lee.  (Mr.  Bonner  died  at  \ 
Missoula,  Montana,  July  10,  1902.)  This  ferry  and 
trading  post  constituted  the  first  business  enterprise 
in  Kootenai  county  and  the  pioneer  establishment  of 
Bonners  Ferry.  The  ferry  and  post  were  leased  in 
1875  by  Richard  Fry,  who  eventually  became  proprie- 
tor. Mr.  Fry  established  a  pack  train  service  between 
Bonners  Ferry  and  Victoria,  British  Columbia, 
via  the  Wild  Horse  country,  bringing  in  supplies  which 
he  disposed  of  to  the  prospectors  and  Indians,  from  the 
former  receiving  gold  dust  and  some  coin,  and  from 
the  latter,  furs.  Besides  Mr.  Fry's  pack  train  there 
were  four  trains  carrying  supplies  from  Walla  WTalla 
to  Wild  Horse  creek. "  Martin  Fry  came  with  his  fam- 
ily to  Bonners  Ferry  in  1876,  associating  himself  with 
his  brother  Richard  in  conducting  the  ferry,  the  post 
and  pack  trains.  From  this  date  until  1884  his  was  the 
only  white  family  in  this  part  of  the  country.  In  the 
fall'  of  1884  a  Mr.  Stone,  with  his  family,  settled  near 
the  river  about  three  miles  below  the  ferry. 

From  the  beginning  Bonners  Ferry  has  devel- 
oped, through  many  vicissitudes,  to  its  present  stand- 
ing as  a  progressive  commercial  center.  During  the 
eighties  but  little  progress  was  made.  It  remained  a 
trading  post,  but  only  in  a  small  way  did  it  attempt 
to  furnish  supplies  for  the  mining  camps  in  the  north 
and  the  scattered  ranchers  and  stock  raisers  in  the 
valley.  After  the  completion  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad,  in  1882,  Kootenai  became  the  supply  point 
for  the  north.  In  1885  a  toll  road  between  Kootenai 
and  Bonners  Ferry  was  constructed  by  Dr.  Hendyrx 
and  Bonners  Ferry  being  at  the  head  of  navigation 
the  Kootenai  river  it  gradually  assumed  a  position  of 
importance  as  a  transfer  point  from  freight  wagons 
to  steamer  and  from  steamer  to  freight  wagons.  In 
1888  William  Eaton  established  a  general  store  which 
gave  an  impetus  to  trade.  But  is  was  not  until  1892 
that  the  town  really  began  to  grow.  In  that  year  the 
tracks  of  the  Great  Northern  railroad  were  laid  and 
immediately  thereafter  people  flocked  in  from 
points  and  the  town  began  to  assume  the  appearance 
of  a  thriving  business  center.  The  town  of  Kootenai, 


A  VIEW  ON  LAKE  COEUR  d'ALENE. 


INTERNATIONAL  BOUNDARY  STONE  NEAR  PORTHILL. 
David  McLaughlin,  one  of  the  First  Settlers  in  the  Valley,  and  Son  of  Dr.  John 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


having  fulfilled  its  mission  as  a  supply  point  for  the 
north  country,  was  abandoned  by  most  of  its  business 
men  who  came  to  Bonners  Ferry.  Among  those  who 
settled  in  Bonners  Ferry  about  this  time  we  may  name 
W.  L.  Kinnear  and  W.  I.  Williams,  who  established 
a  grocery  and  provision  store  with  a  stock  valued  at 
$20,000  ;'H.  W.  Gates  &-  Co.,  stationers  and  confec- 
tioners ;  W.  W.  Johnson  and  son,  S.  W.  Johnson,  who 
opened  a  wholesale  and  retail  meat  market ;  John  C. 
Callahan,  who  invested  in  town  property  and  opened 
a  real  estate  office ;  A.  J.  Stauffer,  a  general  merchant ; 

i  B.  H.  Williams  &  Co.,  harness  and  saddles ;  Branden- 
burg &  Vangasken,  general  merchandise ;  A.  L.  Jame- 
son and  Capt.  G.  R.  Gray,  proprietors  of  the  Holly 
Hardware  Co.  :  T.  F.  Coo'ke,"  Jr.,  druggist.  General 
A.  Kaiser  built  the  Palace  Hotel  at  the  cost  of  $10,- 
ooo.  H.  P.  Green  became  proprietor  of  the  Bonner 
House.  Among  the  professional  men  of  this  period 
were  S.  E.  Henry,  Bartlett  Sinclair  and  Judge  J.  C. 
Harkness,  attorneys ;  T.  A.  Bishop,  G.  H.  Barker  and 

;  U.  G.  Campbell,  physicians. 

The  town  was  first  known  as  Fry ;  a  postoffice  was 
established  under  that  name  and  Richard  Fry  was  ap- 
pointed first  postmaster.  The  old  post  trading  store,  not 
being  fitted  up  with  mail  boxes,  a  dry  goods  box  was 

[  used  as  a  receptacle  for  all  mail.  This  portion  of  the 
town  afterward  became  known  as  Bonnerport.  Will- 
iam Eaton  platted  an  adjoining  townsite,  which  he 
named  Eaton ville.  In  1899  the  two  sites  were  com- 
bined under  one  name.  Bonners  Ferry.  The  owners 
of  the  original  townsite  were  Richard  Fry  and  Will- 
Jam  Ainslie.  J.  C.  Callahan  was  also,  at  one  time,  an 
interested  party. 

In  1892  a  custom-house  was  established  at  Bonners 
Ferry,  at  first  through  the  courtesy  of  the  chief  officer 
of  the  district,  and  later  by  congressional  act.  James 
E.  Dolan  and  Rufus  L.  Cheney  were  the  first  custom 
officers  stationed  at  this  port.  Three-fourths  of  the 
passenger  and  freight  business  to  and  from  the  British 
Columbia  mining  regions  at  this  time  was  via  Kootenai 
river  and  Bonners  Ferry.  The  freight  was  principally 
coal  and  ores.  Since  the  building  of  the  Kootenai 
Valley  Railroad  in  1899  the  bulk  of  the  imports  and 
exports  has  passed  through  Porthill.  A  custom  of- 
ficer, Judge  Henry  Melder,  is  still  stationed  at  Bon- 
ners Ferry  to  look  after  the  business  that  comes  and 
goes  via  the  Kootenai  river. 

The  first  steamer  on  the  river  was  a  small  affair, 
twenty-five  feet  long  by  six  feet  beam,  built  by  Baillie 
Gorman  and  dragged  over  the  trail  from  Kootenai. 
It  was  named  the  Midge,  but  was  later 'known  as  the 
Mud  Hen.  Another  vessel,  the  Ozier,  was  brought  in 
over  the  same  trail  a  few  months  later  by  Lundy  and 
Wright.  The  Alton  was  another  of  the  early  boats  and 
G.  R.  Gray  built  still  another  about  1890^  which  he 
r.amecl  the"  Spokane.  The  largest  and  finest  steamer 
engaged  in  the  import  and  export  trade  on  the  Koo- 
tenai river  was  built  by  the  Bonners  Ferry  and  Kaslo 
Transportation  Co.,  in' which  Richard  Fry  was  inter- 
ested, in  1893.  This  vessel  was  named  the  State  of 
Idaho:  it  was  designed  and  modeled  by  Capt.  H.  S. 
Depuy  and  was  one  hundred  and  forty-two  feet  in 


length,  with  a  beam  twenty-three  feet  across  and  a 
hold  depth  of  six  feet.  Its  registered  tonnage  was 
two  hundred  and  seventy-two  tons  and  it  was  equipped 
with  two  high-pressure  engines.  It  still  plys  the  river 
between  Bonners  Ferry  and  points  on  Kootenai  lake, 
British  Columbia. 

With  the  advent  of  the  Great  Northern  railroad  in 
1892  came  a  colony  of  Chinese.  The  aliens  quartered 
themselves  in  a  collection  of  shacks  on  the  outskirts  of 
town  as  is  usually  their  custom  where  they  are  settled 
in  numbers.  This  was  about  the  time  the  effort  was 
being  made  to  enforce  the  alien  labor  law  in  northern 
Idaho  and  as  its  enforcement  was  being  resisted  by  the 
lailroad  companies  there  was  general  and  intense  feel- 
ing against  all  foreigners  of  this  class.  In  June,  1892, 
the  citizens  of  Bonners  Ferry  took  the  law  into  their 
own  hands.  They  assembled  by  appointment,  dis- 
cussed the  situation,  declared  the  Chinese  colony  a 
nuisance  and  decided  to  take  immediate  action,  ex- 
pelling them  from  the  community.  They  marched  in 
a  body,  two  hundred  strong,  to  the  laundries  and 
dwellings  and  informed  the  celestials  that  they  would 
be  allowed  two  hours  in  which  to  pack  their  goods  and 
go.  There  were  fifty  members  of  the  colony  and  they 
stood  not  on  the  order  of  their  going  but  immediately 
prepared  for  departure.  No  overt  acts  of  violence 
were  committed  by  any  of  the  citizens ;  they  furnished 
two  box  cars  into  which  the  Chinese  were  instructed 
to  pack  themselves  and  their  belongings.  When  all 
was  in  readiness,  the  engines  whistled  and  the  Chinese 
train  moved  out  of  town  amid  the  wild  yells  of  the 
entire  populace  that  had  gathered  to  witness  their 
departure. 

In  1893  Bonners  Ferry  was  visited  by  a  disastrous 
fire,  which  destroyed  half  the  business  portion  of  the 
town.  For  a  year  or  two  previous  there  had  been 
great  activity  both  in  the  business  and  residence  por- 
tions and  many  buildings  had  been  erected,  some  of 
them  costing  several  thousand  dollars.  This  fire,  com- 
ing at  a  time  when  the  panic  in  financial  circles  had 
paralyzed  all  business  enterprises,  was  a  very  heavy 
blow  "to  I'.onners  Ferry  and  one  from  which  it"  did  not 
recover  for  years.  In  addition  to  losses  by  panic  and 
fire,  the  city  has  suffered  on  three  occasions  from  over- 
flows of  the  river.  In  1894  the  lower  portion  of  the 
city  was  flooded  and  the  people  driven  from  their 
homes  anrl  places  of  business  to  seek  refuge  in  the 
higher  altitudes  on  the  hillsides.  Considerable  dam- 
rlone  to  residences,  business  houses  and  to 
lings  were 
liich  stood 

lear  the  banks  of  the  r 
ried  away  on  the  flood  and  was  afterwards  found 
stranded  on  the  low  lands,  one  hundred  miles  down  the 
river.  The  tracks  and  small  bridges  of  the  Great 
Northern  railroad  were  washed  out  in  some  places 
and  badly  damaged  in  others;  traffic  was  stopped  for 
almost  two  weeks  while  roadbed  and  track  were  being 
replaced.  The  year  1898  was  another  high  water 
year  in  the  history  of  the  town.  The  lower  floors  of 
"dwellings  and  business  houses  were  flooded  and  the 
railroad  traffic  delayed,  but  no  serious  damage  was 


merchandise.     A   few  of  the  frailest  dwellin_ 
washed  away.     The  postoffice  building,  which  stood 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


done.  Again,  in  June,  1903,  the  river  overflowed  its 
banks  and  swept  through  the  town.  The  streets  and 
lower  floors  of  all  buildings  were  under  three  feet  of 
water ;  sidewalks  were  floated  and  many  of  them  car- 
ried away ;  boats  afforded  the  only  means  of  transporta- 
tion about  the  town ;  but  little  business  was  transacted 
and  families  took  refuge  in  a  portion  of  the  town  that 
is  terraced  upon  foothills  on  the  south,  many  of  them 
putting  up  tents  for  shelter.  The  railroad  tracks  were 
under  five  feet  of  water;  a  number  of  small  bridges 
and  in  places  sections  of  the  roadbed  and  tracks  were 
washed  out.  Three  engines  and  a  number  of  cars 
were  ditched  and  the  Kootenai  Valley  Railroad  bridge 
across  the  river  was  swung  two  feet  out  of  place  by 
the  force  of  the  current  and  driftwood.  For  a  time  all 
traffic  on  the  railroads  stopped  and  it  was  several 
weeks  before  all  repairs  were  completed  and  business 
was  able  to  resume  its  uninterrupted  course.  The 
overflows  have  never  been  accompanied  by  loss  of  life, 
and  aside  from  the  damage  to  the  railroads,  the  de- 
struction of  property  has  been  comparatively  small 
when  the  volume  of  water  and  the  location  of  the 
business  district  are  taken  into  consideration.  The 
sources  of  the  Kootenai  river  are  in  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains where  precipitation  of  snow  is,  during  some 
winters,  very  great.  When  a  winter  of  unusually 
heavy  snowfall  is  followed  by  a  late  spring,  the  snow 
remains  banked  in  the  mountains,  and  a  sudden  change 
to  warm  weather  in  June  causes  it  to  melt  rapidly, 
thus  sending  down  a  volume  of  water  that  quickly 
fills  and  overflows  the  low  banks  of  the  river.  This 

snows  are  gradually  melted  during  the  nionth  of  May 
and  the  waters  escape  without  causing  overflow  ex- 
cept in  the  lower  valley  where  the  lowlands  are  sub- 
ject to  annual  inundation.  \ 

Interest  in  educational  matters  began  early  in  the 
history  of  Bonners  Ferry.  The  first  school  was  taught 
by  Mrs.  Martin  Fry  in  the  fall  and  winter  of  1883- 
84.  Her  own  children  were  the  only  whites  in  at- 
tendance, the  remainder  being  half-breed  Indians; 
she  had  in" all,  ten  pupils.  During  the  winter  of  1884- 
85  a  Mr.  Tailard  taught  a  three-months'  term,  after 
which  there  was  no  school  until  five  years  later,  when 
Mrs.  Fry  again  taught  a  short  term,  this  time  number- 
ing among  her  pupils  the  children  of  white  families 
that  had  made  their  homes  in  the  village.  The  first 
school  house  was  a  small  log  building  and  Mrs.  Fry 
was  succeeded  as  instructor  by  Miss  Bell  Jones,  now 
Mrs.  Dr.  T.  A.  Bishop.  Among  other  teachers  in  the 
early  schools  were  Miss  Christiana  Winter-bottom, 
Miss  Jennie  Jackworth  and  Thomas  Hydorn.  The 
present  handsome  school  building  was  erected  in  1894 
at  a  cost  of  $2,500;  in  addition  to  this  amount  there 
was  expended  on  furnishings  $800  and  on  text-books 
and  library  $500.  The  district  has  no  debt.  There  is 
an  enrollment  of  ninety  pupils  and  three  teachers  are 
employed,  the  principal  receiving  a  salary  of  seventy 
dollars,  and  the  two  assistants  each  fifty  dollars  per 
month.  During  the  school  year  just  closed  the  schools 
were  in  charge  of  Prof.  O.  R.  Shern,  principal,  and 
Misses  Bertha  Reeder  and  Viola  Macartor,  assistants. 


These  instructors  have  been  eminently  successful  and 
have  made  the  schools  a  credit  to  themselves  and  to  the 
city.  The  present  school  board  is  composed  of  James 
Dolan,  Andrew  Kent  and  John  Mulfeldt. 

There  are  congregations  of  the  Presbyterian, 
Methodist  and  Catholic  churches.  The  Presbyterian 
church  was  erected  some  years  ago  under  the  pas- 
torate of  Rev.  M.  M.  Marshall.  Rev.  John  Hope  is 
the  present  pastor.  The  Catholic  church  was  built  in 
1894  at  a  cost 'of  $1,200  and  was  dedicated  by  Bishop 
Glorieux  of  Boise.  Father  J.  Purcell  is  the  officiating 
pastor.  Rev.  J.  M.  Eastland  conducts  services  for  the 
Methodists. 

The  following  fraternal  orders  have  well  supported 
lodges:  Utopia  Lodge,  No.  36,  1.  O.  O.  F.;  T.  A. 
Bishop,  N.  G.;  William  Vangasken,  Sec.  Loyal  Re- 
becca Lodge,  No.  43,  I.  O.  O.  F.;  Mrs.  Anna  Bish- 
op, N.  G. ;  Mrs.  I.  E.  Dolan,  Sec.  Acme  Lodge,  No. 
15,  K.  of  P.;  John  Mulfeldt,  C.  C. ;  S.  E.  Henry,  K. 
of  R.  &  S.  Crescent  Temple,  No.  10,  Rathbone  Sis- 
ters;  Mrs.  Ella  McLauglin,  M.  E.  C. ;  Mrs.  Minnie 
Little,  M.  of  R.  &  C.  Kootenai  Tent,  No.  20,  K.  O. 
T.  M. ;  S.  D.  Taylor,  Com. ;  B.  W.  Luddington,  R.  K. 
North  Star  Hive,  No.  16,  L.  O.  T.  M. ;  Miss  Maude 
Collins,  L.  C. ;  Mrs.  W.  R.  Eddy,  R.  K.  North  Star 
Camp,  No.  6160,  M.  W.  A.;  Clarence  Collins,  V.  C.; 
E.  R.  Little,  clerk. 

The  town  was  incorporated  in  1894.  It  now  has  a 
population  estimated  to  be  eight  hundred  and  is  grow- 
ing steadily.  The  present  members  of  the  board  of 
trustees  are  S.  R.  Gray,  chairman  and  ex-officio  may- 
or ;  William  Eaton,  William  Elderton,  N.  B.  Williams 
and  Benjamin  Morrow.  A.  J.  Kent  is  city  marshal. 
John  F.  Cooke,  Jr.,  has  served  as  postmaster  since  1897. 
A  review  of  the  present  business  establishments  will 
complete  this  article.  Much  of  the  support  of  the  fu- 
ture will  come  to  the  city  from  the  lumber  industry 
which  is  rapidly  developing.  William  Eaton  put  up 
a  small  sawmill  "in.  1891  and  from  this  beginning  there 
has  been  a  gradual  increase  in  the  production  of  lum- 
ber. The  local  demand  is  now  supplied  by  the  mill 
of  the  International  Lumber  Company,  William 
O'Connell,  manager.  The  Stein  Lumber  Company  of 
Glenwood,  Wisconsin,  has  recently  purchased  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  ten  thousand 
acres  of  heavily  timbered  land  tributary  to  the  town 
and  is  preparing  to  expend  $200,000  in  the  erection  of 
a  sawmill.  This  company  is  composed  of  Wisconsin 
capitalists,  H.  C.  Stein  being  manager,  and  will  op- 
erate under  the  corporation  name  of  the  Bonner  Man- 
ufacturing Company.  The  Bonner  Mercantile  Com- 
pany, established  in  1891  and  incoporated  in  1894,  car- 
ries a  very  large  stock  of  general  merchandise  and  im- 
plements. Their  present  store  building  was  erected 
in  1896.  Of  this  company  E.  N.  Kinnear  is  president; 
W.  L.  Kinnear,  manager;  E.  G.  Stuyvesant,  secre- 
tary, and  E.  L.  Little,  treasurer.  The  C.  C.  Mercan- 
tile Company,  Ltd.,  carries  a  large  stock  of  general 
merchandise.  It  also  handles  feed,  flour,  hay  and 

tenai  Trading  Company,  which  also  deals  in  general 
merchandise.  John  F.  Cook  and  T.  J.  Jones  are  drug- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


799 


gists.  Other  establishments  are  James  Egan.  restaur- 
ant ;  William  Elberton,  bakery  and  livery ;  Alary  Hoi- 
linger,  dry  goods  ;  J.  G.  Jorgenson,  shoemaker  ;  T.  W. 
McLaughiin,  confectioner;  Charles  O'Callaghan,  real 
estate  and  U.  S.  commissioner;  John  O'Hogge,  meat 
market;  Emery  and  Cane,  barbers.  J.  Muhlfeld  is  a 
contractor  and  builder  and  deals  in  lumber  and  all 
kinds  of  building  material.  S.  S.  Combs  is  the  village 
blacksmith.  J.  P.  Beeier  is  proprietor  of  the  Inter- 
national Hotel,  and  H.  M.  Casey  of  Hotel  Casey.  S. 
E.  Henry,  Tames  E.  Dolan,  C.  H.  Merriam  and  Elbert 
Owen  are 'attorneys.  Wallace  S.  Beebee  has  estab- 
lished a  dentistry.'  G.  E.  Barker  and  T.  A.  Bishop 


e  physi 
The  1 


:  Kootenai  Herald  is  a  weekly  newspaper  ably 
managed  and  edited  by  S.  D.  Taylor,  who  came  from 
Kootenai  with  his  paper  in  1892  and  has  since  been 
energetically  devoted  to  the  advancement  of  the  best 
interests  of  Bonners  Ferry  and  Kootenai  county. 

Bonners  Ferry  is  in  many  ways  fortunately  located 
and  it  is  reasonable  to  believe  that  the  city  will  grow 
and  become  populous  and  prosperous.  On  three  sides 
are  extensive  timbered  sections  that  must  contribute 
to  its  growth.  The  Boulder,  Grouse  Mountain,  Lib- 
by  and  Rainey  creek  mining  regions  on  the  east  and 
north,  and  the  Priest  river  mining  region  on  the 
west  are  tributary  to  the  town.  Its  elevation  is  but 
sixteen  hundred  feet  and  it  is  in  the  center  of  a  fruit 
and  stock  raising  section  that  is  developing  rapidly. 
It  is  at  the  head  of  the  Kootenai  valley,  that,  when 
properly  drained,  is  destined  to  become  the  richest 
agricultural  section  in  northern  Idaho.  There  are  no 
'extremes  of  temperature  either  in  winter  or  in  sum- 
mer and  it  is  regarded  as  an  exceptionally  healthful 
location.  The  site  of  the  Moyie  Falls,  seven  miles  up 
the  river,  has  been  taken  up  by  J.  F.  Cook,  who  is  put- 
ting in  a  power  station  with  machinery  that  will  har- 
ness one  hundred  and  sixty  horse  power,  with  which 
he  purposes  to  operate  an  electric  lighting  plant.  The 
•shipping  facilities  by  rail  and  water  are  excellent.  In 
1899  the  receipts  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad  at 
this  point  were  $144,000 :  those  of  the  Kootenai  Val- 
ley Railroad  $67,679,  and  each  year  shows  a  material 
increase."  As  the  varied  industries  of  the  surround- 
ing section?  are  developed,  Bonners  Ferry  must  of 
necessity  develop  with  them.  The  standing  of  the 
city  among  the  advanced  and  prosperous  centers  of 
northern  Idaho  is  assured. 

HARRISON. 

Harrison  is  located  on  the  east  side  of  Lake 
Coeur  d'Alene.  It  is  within  seven  miles  of  the  head 
of  the  lake  and  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Joe  river.  On 
the  northeast  the  mouth  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  is 
but  half  a  mile  away.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  O.  R. 
&  N.  Railroad  that  leaves  the  main  line  at  Tekoa, 
Washington,  and  runs  via  Harrison  and  Wallace  to 
a  connection  with  a  Montana  branch  of  the  North- 
ern Pacific.  Tt  is  distant  about  twenty-five  miles  from 
Coeur  d'Alene  city  with  which  it  has  direct  communi- 
cation by  steamers.  All  Coeur  d'Alene  steamers  from 


Harrison  make_  direct  connections  with  a  branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  Railroad.  Harrison  is  built  on  a 
hill  or  rather  it  may  be  said  to  be  terraced  up  the  side 
of  a  mountain,  residences  in  the  upper  part  of  town  be- 
ing several  hundred  feet  higher  than  those  on  the  lake 
front.  In  approaching  on  the  lake  almost  every  build- 
ing in  the  city  is  visible  from  the  deck  of  the  steamer. 
It  is  about  thirty  miles,  as  the  crow  flies,  from  Rath- 
drum,  the  county  seat.  According  to  the  1900  census  it 
was  credited  with  being  the  largest  town  in  the  county, 
with  a  population  of  seven  hundred  and  two.  The  pre- 
cinct including  the  town,  at  that  time,  had  a  popula- 
tion of  1004.  At  the  present  time  it  is  claimed  there 
are  about  twelve  hundred  permanent  residents  within 
the  town  limits. 

Harrison  has  developed  from  a  squatter  homestead 
to  a  thriving  city  in  about  twelve  years.  In  1891  S. 
W.  Crane  settled  on  a  timbered  tract  which  joins  the 
present  corporation  on  the  south  and  east.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year  his  sons,  A.  A.,  W.  E.  and  E.  S.  Crane, 
settled  here.  W.  E.  Crane  occupied  what  is  now  the 
site  of  the  town.  Being  near  the  mouth  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river  on  which  there  was  a  great  deal  of  travel 
to  and  from  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines,  a  demand  arose 
for  a  trading  point  and  in  1892  S.  W.  Crane  opened  a 
general  store.  In  1893  a  postoffice  was  established,  the 
name  was  chosen  and  \V.  E.  Crane  became  postmaster. 
From  this  date  there  has  been  continuous  growth,  al- 
though the  period  of  rapid  development  did  not  com- 
mence until  several  years  later.  W.  S.  Bridgman  and 
Company  established  a  general  merchandise  store  in 
1893.  The  railroad  was  completed  to  Harrison  in  1890 
and  has  always  been  a  prime  factor  in  the  development 
of  town  and  country.  W.  E.  Crane,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  R.  M.  Wark,  erected  the  first  building  in  1891. 
In  1889  the  Fisher  brothers  had  put  up  a  sawmill  at 
St.  Marie's  which  had  a  capacity  of  twenty  thousand 
feet  per  day.  This  plant  was  purchased  in  1891  by 
Fred  Grant  and  moved  to  Harrison.  It  was  greatly- 
enlarged  and  is  now  known  as  the  Grant  mill.  It  has 
a  capacity  of  sixty  thousand  feet  per  day.  In  1893 
Mr.  Sexton  built  a  mill  which  he  afterwards  sold  to 
J.  L.  Cameron  of  the  Cameron  Lumber  Company. 
The  mill  was  rebuilt  on  a  much  larger  scale.  The  next 
mill  was  put  up  in  1895  by  C.  W.  Russel.  Another 
of  the  earlier  business  men  was  W.  A.  Reiniger,  who 
established  a  general  store  about  1894.  A  newspaper 
called  first  the  Signal  and  later  the  Mountain  Mes- 
senger was  established  in  1895  and  published  in  turn 
by  several  proprietors,  among  whom  were  S.  W. 
Crane,  Hubbaicl  &  Company,  Thompson  &  Biggs  and 
Thomas  Lawson.  The  name  of  the  paper  was  again 
changed  in  1900  to  The  Searchlight  and  since  April, 
1902,  has  been  ably  edited  by  S.  M.  Logan.  It  ' 


ially 


the 


of  the 


best  interests. 

Interest  in  educational  matters  began  early  in  the 
history  of  the  settlement.  The  district,  No.  29.  was 
formed  in  1895.  The  first  school  was  taught  in  the 
winter  of  1895  and  1896  in  the  M.  E.  church  build- 
ing by  Mr.  Edelblute.  There  wore  at  this  time  fifty- 
nine  pupils  in  the  district.  Among  the  other  early 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


school  teachers  was  E.  W.  Burleigh,  who  conducted 
the  schools  continuously  for  three  years.  A  school 
building  was  erected  in  1896.  The 'Methodists  were 
the  first  to  erect  a  church  building,  which  was  begun 
in  1895,  but  was  not  entirely  finished  and  furnished 
until  the  following  year. 

The  town  site  of  Harrison  is  in  the  form  of  a  tri- 
angle, with  the  lake  front  as  the  base,  and  it  contains 
twenty-two  and  fifty-eight  hundredths  acres.  The 
plat  was  made  in  1897,  but  owing  to  the  fact  that  it 
was  on  unsurveyed  land,  until  November,  1902,  town 
property  was  held  only  by  lease  from  W.  E.  Crane, 
the  first  settler  on  the  land.  Proof  on  the  townsite 
was  made  in  November,  1902,  and  deeds  were  issued 
in  February  of  the  present  year.  From  the  proced- 
ings  of  the  county  commissioners  in  August,  1899,  we 
take  the  following: 

That  the  inhabitants  of  the  territory  hereinafter 
described  be  and  the  same  are  hereby  incorporated 
into  a  village  to  be  governed  by  the  provisions 
of  the  laws  of  this  state  applicable  to  the  government 
of  villages,  under  the  name  of  the  village  of  Harrison. 
It  is  further  ordered  that  the  boundaries  of  said  vil- 
lage be  as  follows :  Commencing  at  a  point  on  the  east 
side  of  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  in  said  county  of  Koo- 
tenai,  where  the  north  boundary  line  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Indian  reservation  intersects  said  lake,  thence 
east  along  said  reservation  line  to  a  stone  set  by  the  gov- 
ernment surveyors  and  witnessed  by  two  pine  trees,  and 
designed  to  make  a  quarter  section  corner  when  said 
survey  is  accepted  by  the  government ;  thence  north 
on  what,  when  said  survey  is  accepted,  will  be  the 
north  and  south  quarter  line  to  the  southeast  corner  of 
the  northwest  quarter  of  section  31,  township  48  north, 
range  3  west,  of  Boise  meridian;  thence  west  along 
the  east  and  west  quarter  line  of  section  36,  township 
48  north,  range  4  west,  until  said  line  interesects  with 
the  waters  of  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene ;  thence  southerly 
along  the  shore  of  said  lake,  at  the  water's  edge  at  low 
water,  to  the  place  of  beginning.  And  it  is  further 
ordered  that  A.  P.  Harris,  George  E.  Thompson,  E. 
W.  Wheeler,  George  S.  Johnson  and  M.  W.  Frost  be 
and  the  same  are  hereby  appointed  as  trustees  of  said 
village  to  hold  their  offices  and  perform  all  the  duties 
required  of  them  by  law  until  the  election  and  quali- 
fication of  their  successors  at  the  time  and  in  the  man- 
ner prescribed  by  law  ;  and  it  is  further  ordered  that 
the  clerk  of  this  board  forward  a  certified  copy  of  this 
order  to  George  E.  Thompson,  -one  of  the  trustees 
hereby  appointed,  and  also  give  notice  to  each  of  the 
other  trustees  named  of  their  appointment  to  such 
office.  The  present  officers  are  Dr.  John  Busby,  O.  B. 
Steward,  E.  W.  Wheeler,  H.  A.  Laumeister  and  J.  L. 
Boutellier. 

In  August,  1901,  a  franchise  was  granted  to  parties 
from  Spokane  to  put  in  a  system  of  waterworks  and 
through  the  efforts  of  Village  Clerk  A.  A.  Crane  right 
of  way  for  laying  pipes  over  the  city  was  quickly  se- 
cured. The  cost  of  the  plant  was  twelve  thousand  dol- 
lars. It  is  now  the  property  of  A.  P.  Powell.  Water 
for  city  consumption  is  obtained  from  two  sources. 


A  flowing  spring,  high  up  on  the  mountain,  supplies 
about  ten  thousand  gallons  per  day  and  the  balance 
is  pumped  from  the  lake  into  two  tanks  built  on  the 
mountain  side  above  the  town.  The  cost  of  the 
pumping  plant  was  ten  thousand  dollars.  Each  of  the 
ranks  mentioned  has  a  capacity  of  fifty-two  thousand 
gallons.  Pipes  from  these>  tanks  connect  directly  with 
the  mains  on  the  business 'streets  below,  and  the  pres- 
sure at  the  hydrants  is  abundantly  sufficient  for  pro- 
tection against  fire.  A  fire  company  was  organized 
several  years  ago  and  the  city  owns  hose  carts  and  a 
quantity  of  fire  hose,  which  are  kept  always  in  readi- 
ness for  use,  in  a  building  erected  for  the  purpose. 

An  electric  lighting  plant  was  installed  in  1901  by 
Kiminel  Brothers,  at  a  cost  of  eight  thousand  dollars. 
The  officers  of  the  light  company  are  G.  H.  Kimmel, 
president;  L.  J.  Kimmel,  vice-president  and  superin- 
tendent; H.  O.  Thompson,  secretary.  Commercial 
lighting  is  furnished  at  one  dollar  per  light  and  resi- 
dence light  at  a  lower  figure. 

A  telephone  line  connecting  Harrison  with  various 
points  up  the  St.  Joe  and  Coeur  d'Alene  rivers  was 
built  in  1902.  It  was  erected  by  the  Interstate  Tele- 
phone Company.  The  Rocky  "Mountain  Bell  Tele- 
phone Company  purchased  the  property  in  the  same 
year  and  Harrison  now  has  long  distance  connections 
with  all  points.  Mrs.  A.  M.  Thanke  has  charge  of  the 
local  office. 

All  these  modern  conveniences  and  improvements 
came  to  Harrison  within  the  short  space  of  a  year. 
From  an  editorial  in  the  columns  of  the  Searchl'ight, 
published  February  14,  1902,  we  quote  the  following 
words:  "In  the  past  year  Harrison  has  made  rapid 
advancement  in  the  way  of  public  improvements.  One 
year  ago  the  inhabitants  of  our  town  were  carrying 
water  for  all  purposes  from  the  lake  in  pails,  as  it 
was  absolutely  impossible  to  procure  water  by  sink- 
ing wells.  Today  water  is  piped  to  every  house  and 
the  hardships  that  once  prevailed  in  our  midst  along 
those  lines  have  disappeared  through  the  thrift  and 
enterprise  of  the  Harrison  Water  Company.  Last 
fall  Kimmel  and  Kimmel  came  to  our  town  and  ap- 
plied to  the  trustees  for  a  franchise  to  put  in  an  electric 
light  plant ;  the  result  is  to-day,  instead  of  our  business 
houses  and  residences  being  lighted  by  the  clingy  kero- 
sene lamp,  the  button  is  pushed  and  the  electric  light 
is  on  in  every  corner  of  the  house.  We  no  longer 
grope  our  way  through  the  streets  in  the  dark  hours 
of  the  night,  but  the  glare  of  the  arc  light  has  turned 
night  into  day.  Up  to  the  present  we  have  had  no 
mode  of  communication  with  the  outside  world  except 
by  mail  or  telegraph,  today  we  talk  over  the  line  of  the 
Interstate  Telephone  Company  to  people  living  in  the 
most  remote  parts  of  the  county.  The  crew  and  ap- 
paratus of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Bell  Telephone  Cor 
pany  are  now.  at  Harrison  and  in  less  than  thirty  days 
we  "will  have  a  complete  telephone  exchange  and  a 
long-distance  line  connecting  us  with  the  outside 
world.  The  Washington  Electric  Power  line  pas 
through  our  county  within  four  miles  of  our  town, 
affording  an  opportunity  to  procure  electric  power 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


for  whatever  purpose  we  may  have  occasion  to  use  it. 
All  of  this  has  come  to  our  town  in  less  than  one 
year." 

A  review  of  the  business  enterprises  of  the  pres- 
ent includes  the  following:  No  enterprise  brought  to 
Harrison  more  wealth  and  greater  prosperity  than  did 
the  Cameron  Lumber  Company's  mill  plant.  Although 
it  has  been  destroyed,  the  history  of  Harrison  would 
be  incomplete  without  a  record  of  its  existence.  The 
company  commenced  '  operations  in  1893,  when  the 
Sexton  mill  was  purchased  and  rebuilt.  It  eventually 
became  one  of  the  largest  mills  in  the  country.  The 
entire  plant  was  destroyed  by  fire  on  August  27,  1902. 
Two  million  feet  of  lumber  belonging  to  the  company 
was  burned  with  the  mill.  The  loss  was  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  with  twenty  thousand  dollars  insur- 
ance. At  the  time 'of  this  fire  the  town  of  Harrison 
narrowly  escaped  destruction.  Roofs  of  houses  caught 
fire  all  over  the  city  and  it  was  only  by  united  and 
continued  effort  on  the  part  of  fire  companies  and  citi- 
zens that  a  general  conflagration  was  averted.  The 
fire  company  from  Wallace  came  to  the  rescue  and  did 
splendid  service  in  keeping  the  flames  confined  to  the 
mill  and  yards.  The  officers  of  the  Cameron  Lumber 
Company  are  A.  B.  Campbell,  president;  T.  L. 
Greenough,  vice-president ;  C.  Herbert  Moore,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer;  Donald  R.  Cameron,  manager. 

The  St.  Joe  Lumber  Company  was  organized  in 
1901  with  a  capital  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars. 
Three  months  later  this  was  increased  to  seventy-five 
thousand  dollars.  The  mill  was  built  in  1900  and  has 
a  capacity  of  fifty  thousand  feet  per  day.  Fifty  men 
are  emploved  and  the  pay  roll  is  about  $2,500  per 
month.  The  mill  is  fitted" with  planing  machines  and 
dry  kilns.  The  officers  of  the  company  are  Warren 
Flint,  president ;  George  E.  Thompson,  vice-president ; 
J.  H.  Barlow,  general  manager ;  Fred  C.  Barlow,  sec- 
retary and  treasurer.  The  oldest  plant  is  the  Grant 
mill,  which  was  established  in  1891  by  Hogue  Fisher, 
and  purchased  in  1894  by  Fred  Grant.  It  has  been 
enlarged  to  a  capacity  of  sixty-five  thousand  feet  per 
day.  It  is  equipped  with  planers,  moulders,  stickers 
and  lath  machines  and  has  its  own  electric  light  plant. 
It  employs  fifty  men  besides  its  logging  force.  Fred 
Grant  is  "owner  and  manager.  The  C.  W.  Russell  mill 
was  built  in  1895.  It  has  a  capacity  of  twenty-five 
thousand  feet  per  day,  employs  about  twenty-five  men 
and  has  a  monthy  pay  roll  of  about  $1,200.  Planing 
and  moulding  machines  are  also  operated  here.  The 
Harrison  Box  and  Lumber  Company  mill  is  owned 
and  operated  by  William  Gray  and  Lee  Knutson.  Its 
capacity  is  twenty  thousand  feet  per  day  and  its  month- 
ly pay  roll  about  $1,000.  It  makes  a  specialty  of  all 
kinds'  of  fruit  boxes.  William  Gray  is  general  busi- 
ness manager.  The  Empire  mill  is  operated  by  Albert 
G.  Kroetch  and  Lawrence  S.  Kroetch.  It  has  a  ca- 
pacity of  fiftv  thousand  feet  per  day.  The  Eureka 
shingle  mill  is  owned  by  Joseph  and  Samuel  Avery  and 
Victor  Carlson.  These  mills  do  a  good  business. "  The 
Lyon  Navigation  Company  operates  tugs,  barges  and 
excursion  boats  and  engages  in  a  general  freight  and 
passenger  business  on  the  lake  and  rivers.  Among 


others  they  own  the  steamer  Victoria,  which  has  ac- 
commodations for  sixty  passengers  and  is  the  swiftest 
boat  on  the  lake.  W.  E.  Lyon  is  local  manager  for  the 
company,  which  has  a  monthly  pay  roll  varying  from 
$500  to"  $1,000.  The  First  Bank  of  Harrison  was  or- 
ganized February  I,  10.02,  and  is  capitalized  at  ten 
thousand  dollars."  O.  B.  Steward  is  president  and  O. 
E.  Barr,  cashier.  Harrison  has  a  good  opera  house, 
with  a  seating  capacity  of  four  hundred.  The  build- 
ing is  one  hundred  feet  long  and  has  a  stage  25  by 
26  feet  in  dimensions.  It  is  owned  and  managed  by 
B.  S.  Laferty.  Drug  stores  are  conducted  by  Essig 
Bros.,  George  G.,  Charles  C.  and  Hal  H.,  also  by 
William  Cope  and  by  James  M.  and  John  A.  Corskie. 
The  Harrison  Hardware  Company  is  managed  by  W. 
O.  Wheeler.  Hardware,  stoves,  etc.,  are  also  handled 
by  E.  C.  Ribslein.  General  stores  are  conducted  by 
S.  P.  Lant,  John  F.  Pollock  and  John  H.  iampson, 
the  Kootenai  Commercial  Company  and  by  William  A. 
Reiniger.  A.  W.  Burleigh  and  Charles  S.  Manning 
deal  in  groceries.  The  Harrison  bakery  is  run  by 
Benjamin  S.  Lafferty.  J.  W.  Jamison  is  proprietor 
of  the  Gem  restaurant  and  hotel.  Confectionery  and 
fruits  are  sold  by  E.  V.  Fulkerson  and  by  Clarence 
(^ole.  A  confectionery,  book  and  stationery  store  is 
conducted  by  W.  S.  Logan  &  Company.  "The  Owl 
cafe  is  owned  by  Otto  Varner.  M.  E.  Peterson  has 
a  jewelry  store.  The  Harrison  meat  market  is  con- 
ducted by  E.  W.  .Wheeler.  O.  B.  Steward  has  a  fur- 
niture and  undertaking  establishment.  Ike  S.  Cope- 
land  has  a_boat  building  plant  and  conducts  a  floating 
cafe.  Notions  are  sold  by  Mrs.  H.  C.  York.  Tailor- 
ing is  done  by  H.  Brink  and  shoemaking  by  Frank 
Parker.  Second  hand  goods  are  handled  by  Alex. 
Musser,  Barber  shops  are  owned  by  C.  L.  Maynard, 
William  E.  Rich  and  by  H.  Haskins.  John  Helms  is 
the  village  blacksmith.  'S.  W.  Crane  has  a  photograph 
studio.  W.  H.  Armstrong  and  J.  C.  McElhinnie  are 
contractors  and  builders.  Busch  &  Co.  are  sign  writ- 
ers and  paper  hangers.  R.  K.  Wheeler  is  a  notary- 
public,  writes  insurance  and  attends  to  collections.  O. 
E.  Barr  maintains  an  insurance  and  investment  agency. 
Harrison  physicians  are  Dr.  John  Busby,  Dr.  Herman 
Schmalhausen  and  Dr.  J.  C.  Dwyer.  Dr.  Young- 
bug  practices  dentistry.  Attorneys  at  law  are  A.  A. 
Crane,  Fred  Burgen,  f .  H.  Wilson.  The  present  post- 
master is  O.  T.  Butler. 

The  Methodists  erected  a  house  of  worship  in  1895, 
the  Baptists  in  1900  and  the  Presbyterians  in  1901. 
Rev.  R.  C.  Gaily  is  now  pastor  of  the  M.  E.  congrega- 
tion. The  Baptists  have  no  regular  pastor  at  present, 
but  regular  services  are  held  each  Sunday.  The  Ad- 
ventists  have  a  building,  but  the  society  is  defunct  and 
no  services  are  held.  The  Catholics  hold  services  in 
the  Adventists'  building.  The  first  Presbyterian  min- 
ister located  in  Harrison  was  Rev.  J.  H.  Rodgers ;  the 
present  pastor  is  Rev.  I.  N.  Roberts. 

The  fraternal  order?  are  well  represented.  The 
following  societies  have  cnapters  in  Harrison :  Harri- 
son Lodge  No.  35,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. :  A.  A.  Crane,  W. 
M.:  O.  E.  Barr,  secretary.  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Harrison 
Lodge  No.  54;  Ralph  Bakkin,  N.  G.;  S.  M.  Logan, 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


secretary.  Foresters,  Harrison  Court,  No.  13;  E.  P. 
Harris,  C.  R. ;  VV.  E.  Fuller,  recording  secretary. 
Maccabees,  Harrison  Tent  No.  5;  William  Gray, 
Com.;  Louis  Stuve,  record  keeper.  Improved  Order 
of  Red  Men,  Wildshoe  Tribe  No.  5;  C).  P.  Calef, 
sachem;  Gilbert  Stuve,  chief  of  records.  M.  W.  A. 
Camp  No.  6676;  Asa  Bowman,  V.  C. ;  L.  Stuve, 
clerk.  Syringa  Chapter  O.  E.  Star  Lodge;  Mrs.  Ella 
Wheeler,  secretary.  Viola  Rebekah  Lodge  No.  38; 
E.  May  Gilbert,  N.  G. ;  A.  P.  Powell,  secretary.  L. 
O.  T. 'M.,  Lady  Orchard  Hive  No.  u;  Mrs.  Helen 
Wark,  Com.;  Miss  Minnie  Diche,  R.  K.  Harrison 
Labor  Union  No.  253 ;  James  Manning,  president ;  B. 
P.  Rice,  recording  secretary ;  E.  R.  Jones,  Fin.  Secy. ; 
W.  E.  Stone,  treasurer. 

The  public  school  building  was  erected  in  1896. 
As  the  school  population  has  increased,  additions  have 
been  added  to  the  original  structure,  the  last  being 
built'  in  1900.  There  are  now  five  rooms  and  the 
enrollment  during  the  past  school  year  reached  two 
hundred  and  twenty-five.  Prof.  F!  E.  Ball  was  in 
charge  of  the  schools  during  the  term  just  closed.  He 
was  assisted  by  Mrs.  Fred  Bergan,  Miss  Eliza  Sex- 
ton, Miss  Theodora  DeSaussure  and  Miss  Emily 
Clancy.  This  corps  of  instructors  proved  themselves 
eminently  competent  and  the  results  of  their  labor 
have  been  satisfactory  to  the  citizens,  who  have  always 
taken  special  pride  and  interest  in  educational  matters. 
The  present  school  board  is  composed  of  M.  W.  Frost, 
Louis  Stuve  and  Edward  Crane.  M.  W.  Frost  is  jus- 
tice of  the  peace. 

The  nine  sawmills  of  Harrison  occupy  the  avail- 
able spaces  on  the  lake  front  for  over  a  mile  and  when 
all  are  running  to  their  fullest  capacity  the  daily  out- 
put is  about  five  hundred  thousand  feet  and  the  com- 
bined pay  roll  foots  about  twenty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars monthly.  Harrison  is  a  town  whose  marvelous 
growth  has  resulted  solely  from  the  development  of 
the  lumber  industry,  and  this  development  is  not  by 
any  means  complete.  In  the  lake  and  river  regions 
there  are  still  dense  forests  of  cedar,  fir,  tamarack  and 
pine  that  have  scarcely  been  touched.  For  all  this 
wealth  of  timber,  Harrison,  with  its  shipping  facili- 
ties is  the  natural  outlet.  There  are  also  other  indus- 
tries which  in  the  near  future  will  begin  to  contribute 
iheir  support  to  the  growing  city.  While  there  are  no 


(1  St.  Maries  rivers, 
farming,  stock  and  fruit  raising  are  soon  to  become 
leading  industries.  This  is  also  true  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river  valley.  On  these  rivers  there  are  im- 
mense tracts  that  will  become  most  productive  farm- 
ing regions  when  the  forests  are  cleared  away.  These 
valleys  are  already  great  hay  producers,  it  being  esti- 
mated that  eight  thousand  tons  were  raised  in  1902. 
All  this  territory  is  tributary  to  Harrison  and  will  in 
time  contribute  largely  to  its  prosperity.  The  entire 
section  of  country  bordering  on  these  rivers  and  on 
the  lake  is  believed  to  be  rich  in  minerals.  A  great 
many  claims  have  been  located  from  which  good  assays 
have  been  obtained.  When  transportation  facilities 
and  machinery  are  at  hand,  paying  properties  will 


doubtless  be  worked  in  many  of  these  localities  and 
Harrison  is  certain  to  reap  her  share  of  the  harvest 
of  wealth  that  inevitably  flows  from  prosperous  min- 

There  is  no  town  in  Kootenai  county  that  has  fair- 
er prospects  than  has  Harrison.  Her  citizens  are  pub- 
lic spirited  and  aggressive;  they  will  allow  no  oppor- 
tunity to  pass  unimproved  to  advance  their  best  inter- 
ests as  a  community.  The  spirit  of  progress  pervades 
the  business  circles.  Unity  of  sentiment  and  action 
on  the  part  of  town  officials  and  citizens  is  a  character- 
istic to  which  is  attributable  much  of  the  prosperity  of 
the  past  and  it  is  certain  to  accomplish  much  more 
in  the  future.  Harrison  is  one  of  the  coming  cities 
of  northern  Idaho. 

•    PRIEST  RIVER. 

No  town  in  northern  Idaho  can  boast  of  such  rap- 
id and  at  the  same  time  substantial  growth  as  can 
Priest  River.  In  the  census  report  of  1900  the  entire 
voting  precinct  was  credited  with  a  population  of  but 
two  hundred  and  eighty-four,  while  the  town  alone 
contained  but  fifty  people.  The  town  now  has  a  pop- 
ulation of  four  or  five  hundred  and  its  period  of  devel- 
opment is  scarcely  more  than  begun.  What  has  been 
accomplished  in  Priest  River  has  not  been  the  result 
of  special  boom  advertising  by  townsite  owners. 
While  there  has  been  a  boom  in  the  truest  sense  of  the 
i  trni,  the  growth,  although  rapid,  has  been  natural 
and  in  pace  with  the  development  of  the  surrounding 

Priest  River  is  the  natural  center  or  outlet  of  a 
heavily  timbered  section  of  country  lying  to  the  north. 
Several  years  ago  a  sawmill  was  built  here,  but  only 
during  the  past  two  years  has  the  development  of  the 
lumber  industry  been  pushed  with  vigor  and  earnest- 
ness. The  sure  foundations  for  a  thriving  business 
center  were  laid  in  the  forests  and  in  the  mountains 
long  ago,  and  as  soon  as  the  speculative  spirit  of  man' 
invaded  the  virgin  fields-  with  the  pick  and  spade,  the 
ax  and  saw.  the  town  began  to  grow  in  answer  to  an 
unmistakable  demand. 

Prior  to  the  building  of  the  Great  Northern  Rail- 
road in  1891  Priest  River  had  no  official  existence. 
Even  then  it  was  not  designated  as  a  regular  sta- 
;ion,  being  for  years  only  a  flag  station  where  occa- 
sional stops  were  made.  For  ten  years  after  the  com- 
pletion of  the  railroad  it  had  no  depot.  This  building 
was  not  erected  until  late  in  the  fall  of  1901.  But  in 
1891  it  was  made  a  postoffice,  with  the  late  James 
Judge  as  postmaster.  Mr.  Judge,  who  was  deputy 
sheriff  of  the  county  from  1897  to  1902,  was  one  of  the 
first  permanent  settlers  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present 
town.  In  the  spring  of  1890  he  took  up  a  homestead 
at  the  junction  of  the  Pend  Oreille  and  Priest  rivers, 
one-half  mile  from  the  town.  He  had  been  pre- 
.•eded,  in  1888.  by  Henry  Keyser  and  in  1889  by  John 
Canton,  who  also  took  up  homesteads  on  the  rivers 
named.  The  Judge  and  the  Canton  farms  are  direct- 
lv  at  the  junction  of  the  rivers.  The  Keyser  ranch 
joins  them  on  the  north.  These  farms  are  today  very 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


803 


valuable  properties,  both  because  of  location  at  the 
confluence  of  these  streams  and  because  of  natural 
advantages  as  stock  and  fruit  ranches.  Among  others 
who  were  early  settlers  are  Thomas  Benton,  J.  C. 
Finstad,  Al.  S.  Lindsey,  and  C.  C.  Lemley,  who  came 
in  1890,  and  W.  H.  'Lemley,  who  came  in  1891. 
Charles  Jackson  has  conducted  a  general  merchandise 
store  for  ten  years.  John  A.  Gowanlock,  Airs.  M.  P. 
Jones  and  Hears  Brothers  are  also  among  the  earlier 
merchants  who  have  not  only  been  exceptionally  suc- 
cessful in  business  matters,  but  have  done  much  in 
building  up  the  town  and  making  it  what  it  is  today, 
a  live  city  with  excellent  future  prospects.  Unlike 
some  of  the  other  towns  of  northern  Idaho,  Priest 
River  has  not  had  to  contend  with  disasters  of  flood 
and  flame.  While  there  have  been  fires  and  high 
waters,  they  came  at  a  time  when  there  was  but  little 
to  destroy,  before  the  present  town  had  been  built. 
For  several  weeks  in  the  spring  of  1890  snow  covered 
the  surrounding  country  five  feet  deep  on  the  level. 
While  the  section  was  but  sparsely  settled,  considerable 
suffering  was  caused  by  the  deep  snow  which  stopped 
travel  of  all  kinds  over  the  trails  and  the  few  roads 
that  had  been  made,  and  a  great  deal  of  stock  per- 
ished. Wrater  was  high  in  the  streams  when  the  snow 
melted  and  some  damage  resulted  in  a  few  localities 
along  the  banks,  but  the  snow  went  off  so  slowly  that 
losses  were  comparatively  light.  The  development  of 
the  lumber  industry  has  come  by  leaps  and  bounds  in 
late  years,  but  very  little  was  accomplished  in  the  de- 
cade closing  with  the  year  1900.  Some  logging  was 
done  up  the  Priest  river  before  a  sawmill  was  erected 


t  the  town,  the  first  logs  bei 
three  miles  north  of 


12,  about 

__„ „    „    ...    mouth   and   towed    up   the    Pend 

Oreille  river  to  Sandpoint. 

The  town  site  of  Priest  River  slopes  from  the  Pend 
Oreille  river,  north  to  the  crest  of  a  range  of  hills. 
The  elevation  at  the  railroad  tracks  is  two  thousand 
one  hundred  and  seventy  feet.  On  the  north  limit  of 
the  town  it  is  perhaps  two  hundred  feet  higher.  The 
site  is  situated  in  the  north  half  of  section  25,  township 
56  north,  range  4  west,  of  Boise  meridian.  The  por- 
tion of  the  town  now  occupied  by  the  White  Pine  Lum- 
ber Company's  mill  and  yards,  was  first  owned  by 
William  Baberstock,  who  squatted  on  the  land  before 
it  was  surveyed.  Air.  Baberstock  transferred  his 
squatter  rights  to  M.  P.  Jones,  who  in  turn  sold  to 
the  lumber  company  after  survey  had  been  made. 
The  town  site  proper,  including  the  business  and  resi- 
dence portions,  is  now  owned  by  Charles  Jackson  and 
Al.  S.  Lindsey.  Joseph  Horner  first  held  squatter 
rights  to  the  prope'rty.  He  sold  his  interests  in  1893 
to  Air.  Jackson,  with  whom  Air.  Lindsey  is  now  in- 
terested. Mr.  Jackson  laid  out  the  town  in  Septem- 
ber, 1901.  After  the  government  survey,  it  was  found 
that  a  portion  of  the  town  was  platted  on  railroad  land. 
Later  this  portion  was  purchased  from  the  company. 
The  Horner  cabin  was  the  first  building  erected  with- 
in the  present  town  limits.  Although  the  present  pop- 
entitle  the  citizens  to  enabling  legislation,  for  this 


purpose,  it  is  not  yet  incorporated,  a  majority  of  the 
citizens  believing  that  a  city  government  would  be  of 
no  special  benefit  under  present  conditions.  Trials 
ior  offenses  against  law  and  order  are  taken  before 
Justice  J.  C.  Finstad.  Amos  AIcBee  serves  the  com- 
munity as  constable. 

From  the  beginning  there  has  been  a  commendable 
interest  in  educational  matters.  The  first  school  build- 
ing is  now  occupied  by  C.  C.  Lemley  as  a  residence. 
The  building  now  in  use  for  school  purposes  was 
erected  in  1893.  Among  the  earlier  teachers  of  Priest 
River  were  J.  C.  Brady,  afterward  editor  of  the  Sil- 
ver Blade  at  Rathdrum,  and  probate  pudge  of  the 
county,  and  Frank  A.  AlcCall,  the  present  probate 
judge.  The  schools  are  now  in  charge  of  Aliss  Sophia 
AlcAbee,  principal,  Miss  Alary  Dawson  and  Aliss  Mc- 
Dougall,  assistants.  The  members  of  the  school  board 
are  Dr.  F.  B.  McCormick,  Charles  Jackson  and  John 
Prater.  The  school  district  is  numbered  25,  and  was 
created  in  1891.  The  school  building  has  already  out- 
grown its  usefulness  because  of  the  rapid  increase  in 
school  population  during  the  past  two  years,  and  it  is 
the  intention  to  put  up  a  new  building  next  year  which 
will  be  modern  in  all  its  appointments  and  a  credit  to 
the  town.  The  school  house  site  occupies  an  elevated 
position  in  the  north  end  of  town  from  which  is  ob- 
tained a  beautiful  view  of  the  whole  city,  the  river,  the 
valley  and  the  mountain  ranges  beyond. 

A  list  of  the  present  business  and  professional  men 
would  include  Charles  Jackson,  general  merchandise. 
Mr.  Jackson  came  in  1891  and  has  been  in  business 
since"  1892.  John  A.  Gowanlock  has  also  conducted 
a  general  merchandise  store  since  1892.  This  business 
was  originally  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  The 
Priest  River  Alercantile  Company.  Air.  Gowanlock 
and  Joseph  Porier  were  the  proprietors.  Air.  Poricr 
sold  out  in  1897  to  Mr.  Gowanlock.  Charles  I.  and 


proprietor  of  the  "New  Store"  is  h.  T.  Winter,  recent- 
ly from  Alinneapolis.  The  "Welcome"  cigar  store 
and  club  is  owned  by  H.  Ingamells,  who  commenced 
business  January  i,  1903.  The  Fair,  opened  July  23, 
1902,  is  a  ladies'  furnishings  establishment  owned  by 
Airs.  H.  Chikls.  Barbers  are  P.  Al.  Bondanza  and 
C.  H.  Boiling.  Robert  Bragaw,  whose  headquarters 
are  here,  is  supervisor  of  the  Priest  River  forest  re- 
serve. The  Eagle  is  a  general  store  and  rooming 
house  conducted  by  Airs.  Jones,  who  settled  here  in 
1898.  Dr.  F.  P.  AJcCormick  is  the  local  physician  and 
Dr.  [•".  A.  Gregory  practices  dentistry.  There  is  the 
Depot  Hotel:  Priest  River  Hotel,  conducted  by  Airs. 
J  laker;  a  restaurant  by  Joseph  A.  Amons  and  |.  W. 
Wray;  St.  Elmo  Hotel,'  by  Charles  W,  I'.eardmore, 
and  the  Western  Hotel,  by  Airs.  Cnllahun. 

completed.  Rev.  Chamberlain  is  pastor.  A  Catholic 
church  has  also  just  been  finished  under  the  super- 
lodges  are  represented  '  by  the  Rebekahs:  Alodern 
Woodmen.  Camn  No.  40."  whose  officers  are  Joseph 
Voting,  V.  C.:  August  Lartze,  W.  A. ;  John  Hickman, 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


clerk.  Maccabees,  William  Martin,  commander; 
J.  C.  Finstad,  P.  C. ;  J.  W.  Wray,  secretary;  J.  A. 
Amon,  chaplain.  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Ben  Amon,  N.  G. ;  Sam- 
uel Davis,  V.  G.:  T.  W.  Wray,  treasurer.  Foresters, 
W.  H.  Lemley,  C.  R. :  Harvey  Wright,  secretary ;  A. 
C.  Harris,  treasurer.  The  Priest  River  Enterprise  is  a 
weekly  paper  devoted  to  the  best  interests  of  town  and 
country,  ft  is  ably  edited  by  A.  B.  Hoag,  who  came 
here  from  Mt.  Idaho  and  commenced  the  publication  of 
the  paper  July  4,  1902. 

Priest  River's  growth  is  dependent  upon  the  devel- 
opment of  the  lumber  industry.  Three  mills  are  in  op- 
eration now  and  others  are  expected  to  locate  here  in 
the  future  The  Graham  and  Robinson  plant  is  a  small 
mill  erected  about  two  years  ago  to  supply  the  local 
trade.  The  Priest  River  Company,  whose  buildings 
were  erected  in  1901,  manufactures  red  cedar  shingles. 
]t  has  a  capacity  of  one  hundred  thousand  shingles 
per  day  of  ten  hours.  In  the  sheds  belonging  to  this 
company  are  stored  at  the  present  time  five  million 
shingles  undergoing  the  air  drying  process  prepara- 
tory to  shipping.  The  officers  of  this  company  are 
Francis  J.  Gillingham,  president;  D.  W.  Bergstrom, 
vice-president ;  W.  C.  Bergstrom.  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. The  White  Pine  Lumber  Company^  Ltd.,  com- 
pleted its  Priest  River  mills  last  summer.  It  now  cuts 
between  seventy-five  thousand  and  one  hundred  thou- 
sand feet  of  lumber  per  day.  It  will  eventually  become 
one  of  the  largest  mills  in  the  state.  It  is  provided  with 
machinery  for  turning  out  shingles,  laths  and  finished 
lumber.  'The  boom  facilities  on  the  river  at  this  point 
are  unsurpassed  and  the  dry  kilns  have  a  capacity  of 
forty  thousand  feet  per  day.  This  company  owns 
twenty-seven  thousand  acres  of  timber  land  in  east- 
ern Washington  and  Idaho,  and  is  composed  mainly  of 
eastern  capitalists.  The  local  manager  and  secretary 
of  the  company  is  A.  V.  Brodrick.  Captain  Thomas 
Downs  is  president. 

The  prospects  for  the  future  growth  of  Priest  River 
are  as  good  as  could  be  desired.  New  buildings,  both 
business  and  residence  houses,  are  going  up  in  all 
parts  of  town.  Good  brick  clay  is  plentiful  in  the 
vicinity  and  a  brick  manufacturing  plant  is  about  to 
be  put  in  operation.  Frame  buildings  will  in  time  give 
way  to  brick  structures.  The  south  line  of  the  Priest 
River  forest  reserve  is  but  six  miles  away.  When 
this  reserve  is  opened,  its  development  will  contribute 
very  materially  to  the  prosperity  of  the  town.  Dairy- 
ing and  fruit  raising  are  industries  that  are  beginning 
to  be  developed  in  surrounding  territory.  Stock  rais- 
ing and  feeding  is  becoming  a  remunerative  business. 
The  mineral  resources  of  the  region  promise  much 
when  mills  are  built  for  handling  low  grade  ores.  There 
are  several  prospects  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town  and 
in  the  Priest  Lake  section  that  are  considered  valuable 
properties  and  only  await  mills  and  transportation  fa- 
cilities to  develop  into  paying  claims.  There  is  along 
both  rivers  quite  an  extensive  area  of  agricultural 
land  now  in  a  state  of  cultivation  that  is  tributary  to 
Priest  River,  and  as  the  forests  are  cleared  this  area 


will  grow 

Priest  River  is  fifty-three  miles  frc 


i  Spokane  on 


the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  From  a  scenic  and  san- 
itary point  of  view  it  has  an  ideal  town  site  consist- 
ing of  eighty-seven  acres.  With  its  lumber  mills  an 
assured  fact,  with  other  industries  only  awaiting  de- 
velopment, with  excellent  transportation  facilities,, 
both  by  rail  and  water,  with  progressive  citizens,  with 
good  churches  and  good  schools,  there  is  every  rea- 
son to  believe  that  it  will  continue  to  grow  arid  will 
always  remain  a  desirable  place  to  live,  and  an  import- 
ant commercial  center. 


From  an  issue  of  the  "Spokane  Times"  dated  De- 
cember 25.  1879,  we  quote  the  following:  "Mr.  Fred- 
erick Post,  owner  of  the  grist  mill  at  this  place,  left  on 
last  Tuesday  to  go  to  his  old  place  at  what  is  known  as 
the  Upper  Falls.  Mr.  Post  located  there  some  eight 
years  ago  (1871),  and  began  the  construction  of  a 
sawmill  at  that  point.  He  had  the  necessary  machin- 
ery for  a  grist  mill  and  sawmill.  He  finally  gave  up. 
for  the  time  the  completion  of  his  project  there,  and 
moved  the  machinery  for  the  grist  mill  to  this  point. 
He  now  returns  to  complete  the  sawmill  partially  fin- 
ished then.  He  informs  us  that  there  is  almost  a 
natural  mill  race  formed  in  the  solid  rock  at  the  side 
of  the  fall.,  where,  by  the  use  of  blasting  powder,  he 
will  complete  the  work  of  nature." 

Although  there  were  but  few  settlements  made  at 
Post  Falls  for  a  number  of  years  later,  its  history 
may  be  said  to  date  from  the  completion  of  this  saw- 
mill, early  in  1880.  At  this  time  the  northern  bound- 
ary of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indian  reservation  was,  at 
this  point,  the  Spokane  river,  and  Mr.  Post  purchased 
of  the  Indians  the  mill  site  and  adjacent  lands.  The 
mill  and  townsite  proved  by  later  survey  to  be  located 
on  the  northeast  quarter  of  section  3,  township  No. 
50,  range  5,  west  of  Boise  meridian.  As  this  mill 
has  been  the  life  of  the  town,  it  is  appropriate  that 
we  give  its  history  in  brief  outline.  At  the  time  of 
its  completion  Mr.  Post  had  business  interests  in  Spo- 
kane that  required  his  attention,  and  the  mill  was 
leased  to  other  parties  for  a  number  of  years.  It  was 
first  leased  and  operated  by  a  Mr.  Lewis  and  later  by 
Fred  Bish.  These  two  in  turn  ran  the  mill  until 
1886,  when  Mr.  Post  himself  took  charge  of  it.  He 
conducted  it  for  about  three  years,  when  it  was  again 
leased  to  Fred  Bish.  In  the  summer  of  1892  Mr.  Bish 
and  a  companion  were  working  at  a  boom  of  logs  just' 
above  the  falls,  in  a  row  boat,  which  was  tied  to  the 
logs.  The  fastenings  broke  and  the  boat  and  its 
occupants  went  over  the  falls.  Both  lives  were  lost. 
After  the  accident  the  mill  was  leased  to  S.  D.  Bader, 
who  operated  it  until  1894,  when  Mr.  Post  sold  out 
to  the  Spokane  &  Idaho  Lumber  Company,  of  which 
H.  M.  Strathern  was  president.  The  other  members 
of  the  company  were  J.  M.  and  C.  Patterson.  In 
November,  1901,  the-  Patterson  interests  were  pur- 
chased by  Daniel  McGillis  and  Chester  D.  Gibbs,  of 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.  In  December  of  the  same  year 
the  name  of  the  company  was  changed  to  the  Idaho. 
Lumber  &  Manufacturing  Company,  Mr.  Strathern. 
continuing  as  president  of  the  company. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


805 


The  mill  plant  was  destroyed  by  fire  December 
30,  1902.  As  an  evidence  of  the  importance  of  the 
mill  as  a  factor  in  the  prosperity  of  the  town  it  may 
be  stated  that  at  the  time  of  the  fire  Post  Falls  had  a 
population  of  six  hundred.  Two  months  later  the 
population  was  but  little  more  that  half  that  number. 
The  mill  had  a  capacity  of  seventy  thousand  feet  of 
lumber  in  twenty-four  hours  and  was  valued  at  eighty 
thousand  dollars.  The  company  carried  fifty-seven 
thousand  dollars  insurance.  Although  definite  ar- 
rangements have  not  been  completed  for  rebuilding 
the  probabilities  are  that  another  mill  will  be  erected. 
The  site  is  an  exceptionally  good  one  on  account  of  the 
immense  water  power  available  and  the  excellent 
boom  facilities.  Just  above  the  falls  the  river  is  wide 
and  deep,  with  a  slow  current.  Logs  are  floated  down 
the  river  from  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene,  and  the  boom  will 
accommodate  at  one  time  fifteen  million  feet.  It  is 
considered  the  finest  mill  site  in  Kootenai  county.  '  In 
connection  with  the  plant  was  a  planing  and  lath  mill 
and  a  sash  and  door  factory. 

When  Mr.  Post  sold  the  mill  in  1894  he  reserved 
the  perpetual  right  to  power  sufficient  to  pump  water 
for  town  use.  having  put  in  a  system  of  water  works 
in  1885.  In  1892  mains  of  distribution  pipes  were 
renewed.  The  water  works  plant  now  belongs  to  Mrs. 
Alice  Martin,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Post.  Frederick 
Post,  the  pioneer  of  Post  Falls  and  also  a  pioneer  of 
Rathdrum  and  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Spokane,  where 
he  built  the  first  flouring  mill  and  where  there  is  a 
street  (Post)  named  for  him,  is  still  living  at  Post 
Falls  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Martin. 

Post  Falls  has  the  distinction  of  having  the  only 
flouring  mill  in  Kootenai  county.  This  mill  was 
erected  in  1889  by  Dart  Brothers.  It  was  owned  and 
operated  by  Dart  Brothers  and  J.  H.  Sullivan,  the 
latter  a  resident  of  Seattle,  until  December,  1902,  when 
it  was  sold  to  the  Cable  Milling  Company,  of  which 
E.  J.  Dyer  is  president,  E.  G.  Russell,  vice 
president,  B.  O.  Graham,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer, and  Leon  H.  Graham,  manager.  The  mill 
has  a  capacity  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  barrels  of  flour 
per  day  and  operates  an  electric  light  plant  for  lighting 
the  building.  During  the  year  1900  it  ground  one 
hundred  and  forty  thousand  bushels  of  wheat  and  ship- 
ped one  hundred  and  fifty  cars  of  mill  products. 

A  woolen  mill  was 'built  here  in  1895  by  Cane 
Brothers  from  Massachusetts.  It  was  well  equipped 
with  machinery,  but  never  did  any  weaving.  It  manu- 
factured hosiery  principally  while  running,  but  has 
been  closed  for  sometime  and  nothing  is  known  of  the 
future  intentions  of  the  owners.  It  is  now  the  prop- 
erty of  Mrs.  Smith,  of  Spokane. 

Among  the  early  settlers  at  Post  Falls  was  James 
H.  Kennedv,  who  took  up  a  soldier's  honiestead  Oc- 
tober 17,  1884.  The  legal  description  of  this  land, 
which  joins  the  town  site,  is  Lots  i,  2,  3  and  7,  section 
4,  township  50,  north,  range  5,  west  of  Boise  meridian. 
Mr.  Kennedy  opened  a  blacksmith  shop  in  1886  and 
is  still  conducting  it.  M.  S.  McCrea  had  a  general 
store  here  before  the  railroad  was  built,  in  1881.  Maj. 
George  A.  Manning  and  son,  C.  F.,  and  W.  J.  Butter- 


field  established  a  genera!  store  in  1889.  Mrs.  George 
Stafford,  the  wife  of  the  Northern  Pacific  section  fore- 
man, handled  United  States  mail  in  1888,  through  an 
arrangement  with  the  railroad  company,  but  she  was 
not  a  regularly  appointed  postmistress.  The  post- 
office  was  regularly  established  in  1889,  with  W.  S. 
McCrea  as  postmaster.  Among  the  other  early  post- 
masters were  C.  F.  Manning,  A.  M.  Martin  and 
Charles  McCrea,  all  of  whom  conducted  general  mer- 
chandise stores.  C.  H.  Walizer  opened  a  real  estate 
agency  in  1890  and  H.  L.  Tauton  a  hardware  store 

School  ma'tters  early  engaged  the  attention  of  the 
settlers  at  Post  Falls,  and  they  succeeded  in  securing 
the  formation  of  a  district  (No.  7)  in  the  summer  of 
1886.  The  first  board  of  trustees  were  James  H. 
Kennedy,  John  Green  and  J.  R.  Compton.  ,  The  first 
term  of  school  commenced  November  22,  1886.  It 
continued  three  months  and  was  taught  by  Oliver  L. 
Kenedy.  This  term  was  taught  in  a  building  that 
had  been  erected  by  James  H.  Kennedy  and  J.  R,  Comp- 
ton, as  a  residence  for  William  Dillard,  with  the  under- 
standing that  it  could  be  used  two  years  for  a  school 
house.  The  second  term  in  the  same  house  was  taught 
by  Laura  Agnew.  The  first  school  house,  which  is 
now  used  as  a  wood  shed  for  the  present  school,  was 
built  in  March,  1888,  and  Blanche  Parsons  was  its 
first  occupant  in  the  capacity  of  teacher.  She  was 
followed  by  F.  D.  Cook,  Mary  Baslington,  Mr. 
Sprague,  Frank  Reeves  and  Mrs.  Frank  Reeves.  This 
school  house  was  built  by  subscription  and  by  dona- 
tion work.  For  furnishings  money  was  raised  by  giv- 
ing dances.  They  were  well  patronized  and  funds 
were  soon  collected  and  the  house  properly  equipped. 
An  election,  at  which  bonds  were  voted  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  building  now  in  use,  was  held  June  15, 
1890.  In  the  present  building  Warren  Lucas  and 
Miss  A.  E.  Nichols  were  the  first  instructors.  The 
cost  of  this  building  was  four  thousand  dollars  in 
1890.  The  school  property,  including  grounds,  build- 
ing and  furniture,  is  now  valued  at  about  three  thou- 
sand five  hundred  dollars.  The  members  of  the  present 
school  board  are  S.  Young,  chairman.  A.  M.  Martin, 
clerk,  H.  M.  Strathern,  treasurer,  and  A.  J.  Shanks. 
During  the  past  school  year  the  schools  were  under  the 
charge  of  W.  O.  Cummings,  principal,  salary  eighty- 
five  dollars;  Pearl  Boleman,  intermediate  department, 
salary  fifty  dollars  ;  Bertha  Ross,  primary  department, 
salary  forty  dollars.  Miss  Ross  has  an  assistant  in 
Cora  Kennedy.  All  these  instructors  are  efficient 
workers  and  the  schools  are  a  credit  to  the  town. 

There  are  two  church  organizations  at  Post  Falls. 
—the  Methodists  under  the  charge  of  Rev.  H.  Hud- 
son. and  the  Presbyterians,  with  Rev.  D.  D.  Allen  as 
Both  denominations  have  good  houses  of 


pasto 


28- 


By  an  act  of  the  county  commissioners  Ma 
1891,'  the  town  was  incorporated  and  the  following 
board  of  trustees  appointed.  Thomas  Ford,  W.  J. 
Butterfield,  C.  M.  Brown.  C,  H.  Walizer  and  H.  L. 
Tauton.  On  the  fourth  of  Juno  in  the  samejear 
an  organization  was  effected  by  the  election  of  C.  H. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Walizer  chairman  of  the  board  and  H.  L.  Tauton 
clerk.  The  first  town  election  was  held  April  4,  1892, 
at  which  time  the  same  board  was  elected,  with  the 
exception  of  W.  J.  Butterfield.  C.  H.  Clayton  was 
elected  in  his  place.  Until  1901  the  corporation  was 
never  able  to  enforce  any  of  its  ordinances,  owing  to 
the  fact  that  legality  of  the  incorporating  act  was 
questioned.  In  1901  the  legislature  passed  a  special 
act  legalizing  the  corporation  and  the  acts  of  its  sev- 
eral boards  of  trustees.  The  present  town  board  con- 
sists of  S.  H.  Smith,  chairman;  S.  E.  Bennet,  clerk; 
H.  M.  Strathern,  treasurer;  A.  J.  Manor  and  Captain 
James  Fisher.  The  city  marshal  is  S.  A.  Irwin.  A. 
J.  Manor  has  been  postmaster  since  1901,  and  James 
H.  Kennedy  is  serving  his  third  term  as  justice  of  the 
peace. 

Beside  the  destruction  of  the  sawmill,  Post  Falls 
has  had  one  other  fire.  This  occurred  in  December, 
1895.  McCrea  Brothers'  livery  barn  was  destroyed; 
loss,  eight  hundred  dollars.  The  second  story  of  the 
barn  was  owned  and  occupied  by  the  Knights  of 
Pythias.  This  story,  with  furnishings,  cost  about  six 
thousand  dollars,  and  was  insured  for  one  thousand 
dollars.  A  blacksmith  shop  was  also  burned. 

A  review  of  the  business  houses  of  the  present  day 
includes  the  following:  A.  J.  Manor,  general  mer- 
chandise, established  1898.  General  stores  are  con- 
ducted by  George  A.  Manning,  G.  L.  Scott,  W.  S. 
Butterfiefd,  M.  D.  Wright  and  C.  W.  Brown.  The 
Post  Falls  Mercantile  Company  was  established  in 
December,  1902,  by  G.  O.  Dart  and  John  Young.  A 
meat  market  is  conducted  by  N.  C.  Ballard ;  a  general 
store  by  J.  F.  Enders ;  blacksmith  shops  by  James  H. 
Kennedy  and  J.  W.  Jamison;  a  general  store  by  A. 
N.  Tucker,  established  1890;  a  real  estate  agency  by 
C.  H.  Walizer;  a  hardware  store  by  H.  L.  Tauton; 
hotels  by  Samuel  Young  and  J.  H.  Daner ;  a  livery  by 
H.  W.  Enders ;  a  barber  shop  by  A.  L.  Hawthorne ; 
C.  H.  Warren  and  John  Mitchell  are  painters  and 
paper  hangers.  Lodging  houses  are  kept  by  M.  S. 
Warren  and  L.  A.  Dillard.  For  use  in  protection 
against  fires  the  town  owns  a  small  chemical  engine. 
Long  distance  telephone  lines  connect  the  town  with  all 
outside  points. 

Post  Falls  is  located  on  the  Spokane  river  and  on 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  rail- 
road, eight  miles  south  of  Rathdrum  and  twenty-five 
miles  east  of  Spokane.  It  is  in  the  center  of  quite  an 
extensive  agricultural,  stock  and  fruit  region,  that  is 
every  year  becoming  more  productive.  An  irrigating 
ditch  from  Heyclen  Lake  to  the  Spokane  river  at 
Trent,  a  small  town  eight  miles  from  the  state  line  in 
Washington,  will  pass  near  Post  Falls  in  traversing 
the  valley  and  will  add  very  materially  to  the  pro- 
ductiveness of  the  section.  "  The  falls'  in  the  river 
were  formerly  known  as  Little  Falls,  and  Upper  Falls  • 
but  the  name  was  changed  to  Post  Falls  in  honor  of 
Frederick  Post,  the  builder  of  the  mill  and  founder  of 
the  town.  The  power  generated  by  the  falls  is  next  to 
incalculable,  and  this  force  will  doubtless  be  utilized 
in  the  future.  There  is  no  better  site  anywhere  for 
mills  and  factories,,  and  when  there  is  added  to  this 


advantage  of  location,  the  unfailing  support  that  it  must 
always  receive  from  the  surrounding  farming  com- 
munity, one  cannot  but  realize  that  the  citizens  of  Post 
Falls  have  good  grounds  for  faith  in  the  future  pros- 
perity of  their  town. 


One  of  the  most  delightful  summer  resorts  in 
Idaho  is  found  at  St.  Maries,  on  the  St.  Joe  river,  and 
at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Maries.  Until  about  three 
years  ago  its  popularity  rested  almost  entirely  upon  its 
healthful  climate,  its  beautiful  surrounding  and  its 
summer  hotels.  But  shrewd  business  men  have  lately 
noted  its  central  location  in  a  vast  and  heavily  timbered 
region,  and  its  accessibility  from  points  on  the  O.  R. 
&  N.  and  the  Northern  Pacific  railroads.  They  have 
noted  the  fact  that  it  has  the  peculiar  advantages  nec- 
essary to  commercial  centers,  and  these  discoveries 
have  worked  wonderful  transformations  in  and  about 
the  village.  In  the  future  it  niust  attract  both  the 
business  man  and  the  tourist,  and  on  this  double 
foundation  it  may  safely  hope  to  become  a  populous 
and  prosperous  city. 

The  census  of  1900  credited  the  settlement  with  a 
population  of  seventy-five.  It  now  has  at  least  five 
hundred  permanent  residents,  and  is  growing  rapidly. 
Joseph  Fisher,  now  one  of  the  county  commissioners, 
came  here  in  1888  and  settled  on  land  which  includes 
the  present  townsite.  The  land  was  leased  at  the 
time  by  Mr.  Fisher  from  Monroe  Duggett,  who 
claimed  it  as  a.  part  of  a  ranch  to  which  he  held  squat- 
ter's rights.  When  the  section  was  surveyed  it  was 
found  that  the  land  belonged  to  the  Union  Pacific  rail- 
road and  Mr.  Fisher  then  purchased  it  from  the  com- 
pany. In  1889  William,  John  and  Jesse  Fisher  lo- 
cated here,  shipping  in  and  putting  up  a  sawmill. 
This  mill  had  a  capacity  of  twenty  thousand  feet  per 
day.  It  cut  a  great  deal  of  the  timber  used  by  the 
O.'  R.  &  N.  in  construction  work,  and  nearly  all  the 
ties  and  timbers  used  in  the  bridge  and  trestle  at 
Chatcolet.  The  mill  was  sold  in  1891  to  Fred  Grant, 
who  moved  it  to  Harrison.  Its  capacity  was  enlarged, 
tnd  it  is  now  known  as  the  Grant  sawmill.  Among 


nity 


James  Kevins,  who  came  in  1889,  R.  B.  Dicker 
who  came  in  1894,  C.  F.  Montandon,  Eugene  Gay 
and  F.  G.  Scott,  who  came  in  1895.  The  history  of 
the  town  may  be  said  to  date  from  July,  1889,  when 
a  postoffice  was  established  here,  with  Joseph  Fisher 
postmaster.  Mr.  Fisher  retained  the  office  for  six 
years.  Joseph  Fisher,  F.  W.  Haveland  and  M.  A. 
Phelps  laid  out  and  platted  the  townsite,  Mr.  Have- 
land  and  Mr.  Phelps  having  previously  purchased  one- 
third  interest  each  in  the  railroad  land  bought  by  Mr. 
Fisher. 

For  a  number  of  years  there  was  but  little  progress 
made  in  building  up  the  town,  but  the  country  up  and 
down  the  rivers  was  gradually  developing.  During 
the  rush  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines  in  1884  and  for 
several  years  following,  there  was  a  great  deal  of  travel 
up  and  down  the  rivers  and  some  prospecting  through 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


807 


the  country.  In  this  way  the  timber  and  mineral  re- 
sources and  the  natural  advantages  of  the  country' 
with  its  water  ways  and  railroad  prospects,  became 
generally  known,  and  since  that  period  there  has  been 
slow  biit  substantial  improvement.  About  the  year 
1899  St.  Maries  began  to  assume  the  appearance  of 
a  thriving  town,  and  since  that  time  development  has 
been  rapid.  The  principal  cause  of  her  growth  has 
thus  far  been  her  advantages  as  a  summer  resort,  but 
with  the  opening  of  ranches,  of  stock  and  fruit  farms 
and  dairies,  and  with  the  establishment  of  logging 
camps,  new  and  better  inducements  have  been  offered 
the  business  man,  and  today  it  is  a  thriving  business 
center  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

The  following  is  a  review  of  the  business  inter- 
ests of  St.  Maries  at  the  present  time.  The  St.  Maries 
Hotel  is  owned  and  managed  by  William  McCarter. 
It  is  modern  in  all  its  appointments  and  is  considered 
one  of  the  finest  hotels  in  northern  Idaho.  It  is  on 

try  for  miles  around.  It  is  three  stories,  with  eighty 
rooms,  and  is  lighted  by  electricity.  The  hotel  Moun- 
tain View  occupies  a  commanding  site  on  the  crest  of 
a  hill  overlooking  the  river  and  the  broad  meadows 
beyond.  Joseph  Fisher  is  proprietor  of  the  Mountain 
View,  which  was  the  first  hotel  erected  in  the  town. 
The  Hotel  Butler  was  opened  in  July,  1902,  by  Jerry 
Butler.  It  is  two  stories,  has  thirty  rooms,  and  is 
located  in  the  central  portion  of  the  town.  Besides 
the  hotel  Mr.  Fisher  has  a  general  merchandise  store. 
The  Perrenoud  Company  carries  a  large  stock  of  hard- 
ware and  miners'  supplies.  Skelton  &  Warren  have  a 
general  store.  Another  general  merchandise  estab- 
lishment is  conducted  by  Winship  &  Henderson,  who 
recently  purchased  the  business  from  M.  D.  Wright. 
J.  Lindstrum  runs  a  meat  market.  The  St.  Maries 
Livery,  Feed  and  Sale  stable  is  owned  by  Trueman  & 
Wunderlick,  who  also  operate  stage  lines  to  Santa, 
Fernwood  and  Tyson.  J.  E.  Williams  &  Company 
conduct  a  real  estate  agency  and  deal  in  timber  lands. 
E.  Compo  has  a  shoe  and  harness  shop.  Samuel  B. 
Grimsrud  is  the  village  blacksmith.  The  St.  Maries 
Townsite  &  Improvement  Company  deals  in  town 
property.  The  steamer  Schley  makes  scheduled  trips 
to  Harrison  and  Coeur  d'Alene.  A  United  States  mail 
boat  plying  between  St.  Maries  and  Chatcolet  and  mak- 
ing connections  with  O.  R.  &  N.  trains,  carries  mail, 
passengers  and  express  and  is  managed  by  J.  Schaaf. 
There  is  a  sawmill  and  manufacturing  plant  with  a 
capacity  of  twenty-five  thousand  feet  per  day.  Will- 
iam McCarter  is  local  manager.  Smith  &  Eno  have 
a  jewelry  store.  The  St.  Maries  drug  store  is  man- 
aged by  A.  C.  Scurr.  St.  Maries  has  an  opera  house 
and  a  newly  organized  band.  William  and  Joseph 
Cole  and  Joseph  Fisher  own  and  operate  a  creamery 
and  cheese  factory  with  a  capacity  of  six  hundred 
pounds  per  week.  *  The  Silver  Brand  cheese  has  a  wide 
reputation  and  this  is  one  of  the  most  remunerative 
businesses  of  the  town.  It  has  been  in  successful  opera- 
tion for  five  years.  The  Interstate  telephone  line  con- 
nects the  town  with  outside  points.  The  local  physi- 
cians are  Dr.  G.  S.  Thompson  and  Dr.  C.  E.  Wilber. 


The  St.  Maries  Hospital  is  a  new  institution  that  is 
well  patronized.  Thomas  B.  Rollins  and  E.  Compo 
are  justices  and  J.  E.  Williams  is  a  notary  public.  A. 
C.  Scurr  is  the  present  postmaster.  The  St.  Maries 
Courier  is  a  semi-weekly  publication,  established  Feb- 
ruary 19,  IQOI,  by  E.  Deuerslie.  It  is  well  edited 
and  is.  doing'much  in  the  interests  of  St.  Maries  and  the 
surrounding  country.  Rev.  J.  H.  Martin  is  pastor  of 
the  M.  E.  congregation,  which  has  a  neat  church  build- 
ing and  parsonage,  built  in  1898.  The  first  log  school 
house  was  erected  in  the  fall  of  1888  by  subscription, 
and  the  first  term  of  school  was  taught  by  Mrs.  P.  E. 
Girard.  In  the  summer  of  1901  the  present  two-story 
frame  school  house  was  built,  at  a  cost  of  fifteen  hun- 
dred dollars.  The  estimated  value  of  school  prop- 
erty, including  building,  grounds  and  furniture,  is 
about  three  thousand  dollars.  The  school  board  is 
composed  of  A.  A.  Darknell,  chairman;  John  Fisher, 
clerk ;  and  George  Mutch.  During  the  past  year  the 
schools  have  been  conducted  by  Prof.  A.  F.' Burton, 
assisted  by  Miss  Etta  M.  Andrews.  There  is  a  Chap- 
ter of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  M.  W.  A.  Officers 
of  Odd  Fellows  Lodge,  No.  32,  are  John  W.  Fisher, 
N.  G.,  Levi  Nussbaum,  Secy.  A  bridge  has  been 


.  Mai 


r  here, 


of  five  thousand  dollars.      Including  the 
it  is  twenty-eight  hundred  feet  long. 

St.  Maries  is  about  forty  miles  southeast  of  Rath- 
drum,  the  county  seat,  and  about  twelve  miles  from 
Harrison,  on  Coeur  d'Alene  lake.  The  town  site  is  on 
a  slight  elevation,  above  the  river,  and  is  surrounded 
by  scenery  as  beautiful  and  grand  as  may  be  found 
anywhere  in  Idaho.  Hunting,  fishing  and  boating  are 
sports  that  may  be  indulged  in  to  the  heart's  content. 
To  the  lover  of  the  grand  and  beautiful,  to  the  tourist, 
and  also  to  the  business  man,  St.  Maries  and  the  sur- 
rounding country  offer  inducements  and  opportunities 
rarely  found.  Timber  resources  are  almost  inex- 
haustible, the  agricultural  areas  will  increase  as  the 
forests  are  cleared  and  there  are  good  reasons  to  be- 
lieve that  paying:  mining  properties  will  develop  in 
many  tributary  localities  in  the  not  distant  future.  St. 
Maries  is  the  natural  distributing  point  for  an  immense 
territory,  whose  resources  are  just  beginning  to  be 
developed.  Its  business  enterprises  are  on  a  solid 
financial  basis.  Substantial  business  blocks  and  dwell- 
ings are  being  erected.  A  system  of  water  works  has 
been  installed.  Nearly  all  the  lots  in  a  town  site  of 
forty  acres  have  been  sold.  The  citizens  have  faith  in 
the  future  of  the  town  and  work  together  for  the  suc- 
cess of  all  public  enterprises.  St.  Maries  is  destined 
to  become  an  important  commercial  center,  as  it  is 
now  one  of  the  most  popular  summer  resorts. 

ST.  JOE  AND    FKKUKLL. 

Sixteen  miles  above  St.  Maries,  at  the  head  of 
steamboat  navigation  on  the  St.  Joe  river,  and  about 
sixty  miles  from  Coeur  d'Alene,  is  located  the  settle- 
ment of  St.  Joe.  Just  above  it  has  been  platted  the 
new  town  of  Ferrel'l,  by  William  Ferrell,  who  settled 
here  in  1884,  taking  up  a  ranch  of  three  hundred  and 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


twenty  acres.  There  are  fifty  or  seventy-five  perma- 
nent residents  at  St.  Joe  at  the  present  time,  and  new 
arrivals  are  buying  lots  and  building  residences.  Mr. 
Ferrell  is  the  "pioneer  resident  of  the  town  and  sec- 
tion, and  was  the  fiist  postmaster.  In  1884,  with  two 
companions,  he  traveled  over  the  trails  from  Ward- 
ner  in  order  to  locate  the  ranch  which  is  now  the  most 
valuable  on  the  river.  He  has  from  time  to  time  been 
followed  by  other  home-seekers,  until  at  the  present 
time  the  St.  Joe  valley  is  entirely  occupied  by  ranch- 
ers, their  buildings  appearing  all  the  way  up  the  river 
about  one  mile  apart.  The  E.  Deighton  ranch  of  three 
hundred  and  twenty  acres,  which  joins  Mr.  Ferrell's 
townsite,  was  also  located  in  1884.  It  consists  princi- 
pally of  meadow  land,  although  it  includes  about  sixty- 
five  acres  of  heavy  timber.  It  produced  three  hundred 
tons  of  hay  in  1892-  and  is  stocked  with  a  herd  of 
ninety  Jersey  cattle.  The  ranch  is  now  valued  at 
814,000.  The  valley  of  the  St.  Joe  is  about  a  mile 
wide.  It  is  practically  a  long  narrow  meadow,  whose 
soil  is  rich  and  very  productive.  The  river  being  navi- 
gable, these  farms  are  each  year  becoming  more  valua- 
ble. About  three  hundred  settlers  on  these  valley 
lands  do  the  most  of  their  trading  at  St.  Joe,  making 
it  an  important  center.  The  Warner  store  does  an 
extensive  business  of  a  general  character.  William 
Ferrell  also  has  a  general  store  and  a  very  large  trade. 
Mrs,  Mildred  Girarcl  is  the  present  postmistress.  J. 
H.  Wagner  is  Cept  constantly  employed  as  a  contractor 
and  builder.  The  Interstate  telephone  line  connects 
St.  Joe  with  other  points.  A  good  school  is  main- 
tained. The  St.  Joe  hotel  is  owned  by  William  O'Neil. 
It  is  a  two-story 'modern  building,  built  for  winter  or 
summer  occupation,  and  accommodates  seventy-five 
guests.  G.  B.  May,  located  at  this  hotel,  rents  row 
boats  to  campers  and  excursionists.  The  Elk  House 
is  owned  and  managed  by  William  Ferrell.  It  is  a 
three-story  frame  building  and  accommodates  one  hun- 
dred guests.  Mr.  Ferrell  has  recently  erected  another 
hotel.  The  St.  Joe  Budget  was  established  in  Decem- 
ber. 1902,  and  is  ably  conducted  by  Will  E.  Dockery. 
While  campers  and  boathouse  dwellers  are  found 
the  whole  length  of  the  St.  Joe  river  during  the  sum- 
mer season,  the  Mecca  for  most  vacationists  is  St.  Joe. 
It  is  surrounded  by  natural  camping  grounds.  Ex- 
quisitely set  in  a  natural  vale  and  sheltered  by  encir- 
cling mountains.  St.  Joe  is  favored  with  wonderful 
scenic  attractions.  At  the  foot  of  the  rapids  is  fine 
trout  fishing.  A  boat  trip  up  the  swift  waters  and 
the  tributary  creeks  is  a  most  enjoyable  experience. 
Game,  including  deer  and  bear,  is  plentiful  back  in 
the  mountains,  making  the  location  an  ideal  place  for 
either  a  summer  sojourn  or  a  fall  hunting  trip.  But 
St  Joe  is  not  alone  a  pleasant  resort.  Back  of  it  is 
ar.  area  of  forty  square  miles  covered  with  dense  for- 
ests of  fir,  cedar,  tamarack  and  pine,  where  almost 
no  development  work  has  been  done.  Only  during  the 
past  year  or  two  has  timber  been  taken  from  this  re- 
gion. It  is  estimated  that  there  was  driven  down 
the  St.  Joe  river  in  1892  seven  million  feet  of  logs, 
ten  thousand  cedar  telegraph  poles  and  one  hundred 
thousand  posts.  The  mineral  resources  of  this  sec- 


tion are  yet  to  be  developed.  The  Manhattan  mine, 
eight  miles  from  St.  Joe,  is  considered  a  valuable  silver 
and  lead  property.  The  owners  are  expending  con- 
siderable money  in  development  work.  On  Marble 
creek,  further  up  the  river,  a  large  deposit  of  silver 
and  lead  has  been  discovered.  A  fine  grade  of  marble 
has  also  been  discovered  here,  and  a  company  or- 
ganized to  develop  it.  The  district  is  in  the  same 
mineral  belt  as  the  producing  Coeur  d'Alene  mines, 
on  the  opposite  slope  of  the  Bitter  Root  mountains, 
and  it  is  believed  the  St.  Joe  slope  will  eventually  be 

A  stage  line  is  operated  between  St.  Joe  and  St. 
Maries  and  the  steamers  Spokane  and  Colfax  make 
regular  trips  from  St.  Joe  to  all  points  on  the  lake, 
making  railroad  connections  at  Chatcolet,  Harrison 
and  Coeur  d'Alene.  With  so  many  advantages  as  a 
summer  resort  and  surrounded  as  it  is  by  vast  forests 
of  saw  timber  and  mountains  of  minerals,  St.  Joe  is 
certain  to  develop  into  one  of  the  important  towns  of 
Kootenai  count v. 


Picturesquely  situated  on  the  north  shore  of  the 
beautiful  Pend  Oreille  lake  is  the  town  of  Hope, 
a  divisional  point  on  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
being  the  end  of  the  Idaho  and  the  beginning  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  division.  It  is  fifty-eight  miles  north- 
east of  Rathdrum,  the  county  seat,  and  eighty-four 
miles  east  of  the  city  of  Spokane,  and  is  connected  with 
Sandpoint  and  Lakeview  by  three  lines  of  steamboats. 
On  its  terraced  site  overlooking  the  broad  waters  of 
the  lake,  its  appearance  recalls  a  tourist's  description 
of  Seattle,  which  he  writes  "Clings  to  a  steep  hillside ; 
a  little  shake,  it  seems,  would  send  it  sliding  down 
into  the  water." 

Although  typical  of  railroad  life,  the  town  is  also 
a  summer  resort  of  considerable  prominence.  Estab- 
lished here  are  several  good  hotels ;  sail  and  row  boats 
are  furnished  for  the  accommodation  of  guests ;  the 
lake  is  well  stocked  with  trout  and  other  fish,  and  in 
the  surrounding  mountains  is  plenty  of  large  game  to 
attract  the  adventurous  sportsman. 

The  history  of  Hope  begins  with  the  construction 
of  the  railroad,  in  1882.  The  town  is  said  to  have 
received  the  name  of  the  veterinary  surgeon,  Dr.  Hope, 
who  cared  for  the  horses  of  the  contractors  during 
the  building  of  the  road,  and  whose  advice  was  often 
sought  in  matters  of  importance. 

The  legal  description  of  the  townsite  is  as  follows : 
southeast  quarter  of  section  10,  and  southwest  quarter 
of  section  n,  township  57,  range  i,  east  of  B.  M. 
When  the  government  survey  was  made,  several  years 
after  the  town  was  built,  it  was  discovered  that  one 
section  was  on  railroad  and  one  on  government  land. 
In  1888  O.  C.  Smith  attempted  to  homestead  a  por- 
tion of  the  townsite,  but  the  townsite  people  objected 
and  appealed  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior. 
Smith  was  represented  by  Attorneys  Sweet  and  Mor- 
gan, Charles  L.  Heitman  and  George  Lamar,  and  the 
townsite  people  by  Attorneys  Edwin  McBee  and  Copp 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


.&  Duckett.  But  although  Mr.  Smith  was  ably  de- 
fended and  the  case  carried  to  the  highest  tribunal,  the 
matter  resulted  in  a  final  and  decisive  victory  for  the 
townsite  claimants.  The  town  was  eventually  platted 
3>y  the  government  in  1896.  In  April,  1903,  a  peti- 
tion for  incorporation  was  signed  by  a  majority  of 
••the  taxpayers,  and  by  order  of  the  county  commis- 
^sioners  it  was  duly  incorporated.  K.  Wanamaker, 
H.  L.  Bidwell,  John  Larsen,  L.  H.  Jeannot  and  J.  M. 
jjeannot  were  appointed  trustees.  In  1888  W.  J. 
•Quirk  held  the  office  of  postmaster.  He  afterwards 
^opened  a  general  store,  but  was  burned  out  in  1889, 
land  removed  his  residence  to  Spokane.  Amongst 
•Other  early  settlers  who  contributed  to  the  advance- 
ment of  the  town  was  Dr.  Tallyrand  Martin,  who 
•settled  in  Hope  in  1888,  conducted  a  drug  store  and  en- 
taged  in  various  other  enterprises.  In  1890  a  news- 
tpaper  the  Hope  Prospector,  was  established  by  J.  F. 
ft  Yost,  but  ceased  publication  in  1894.  Mr.  Yost  was 
lone  of  several  publishers.  Kline  Wanamaker  was  the 
proprietor  of  the  first  hotel,  called  the  Fend  Oreille, 
fafter  the  burning  of  which  he  opened  a  general  store 
;  .and  is  still  in  business.  N.  G.  Sisson  also  had  a  store 
of  general  merchandise  and  continues  in  that  business. 
^Another  pioneer  was  Alexander  Quirie,  who  in  1890 
itook  up  a  homestead,  three  miles  west  of  the  town,  at 
ithe  mouth  of  Trestle  creek.  For  eight  years  Mr. 
ij'Quirie  kept  a  dairy,  but  is  now  engaged  in  the  stock 

In   April,    1900,   Hope  was   devastated   by   a   dis- 
astrous fire  which    started    in    S.  N.  Chase's    saloon. 
From  that  place  the  fire  spread  to  the  buildings  on  the 
.  -west,  consuming  in  its  rapid  progress  the  store  and 
warehouse  of  W.  J.  Quirk,  and  all  other  buildings  on 
|  Main  street  as  far  as  K.  Wanamaker's  store.  On  High- 
~  land  avenue  the  only  residence  burned  was  Mr.  Chris- 
rtenson's.     George  Weigle's  house  caught  fire  several 
ftimes,  but  he  had  fortunately  supplied  himself  with  a 
Avater  hose  which  saved  his  residence.  To  stay  the  prog- 
-ress  of  the  flames,  several  buildings,  including  the  Con- 
gregational church,  Spence  Homing's  residence  and  the 
building  occupied  by  A.  Jenkins  were  blown  up  with 
*giant  powder.     An   easterly  wind  and  the   splendid 
;  water  supply  of  the  Northern  Pacific  was  all  that  saved 
-the  upper  part  of  the  town.  At  the  first  shot  of  powder, 
Harry  Auxer,  a  miner  who  was  assisting  at  the  work, 
•was  struck  in  the  throat  by  a  flying  piece  of  timber. 
i A  fatal  accident  and  one  which  plunged  the  community 
jrinto  sorrow,  was  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  revolver, 
•causing   the    death    of    William    Monroe.      He,    with 
-several  other  boys,   was   looking  over  the  ruins  and 
found  a   revolver  which  was  still  hot  from  the  fire. 
In  handing  it  to  one  of  his  companions  it  exploded. 
The  ball  entered  his  right  breast  just  above  the  heart. 
He  was  taken  to  a  house,  where  he  died   in  a  few 
:minutes. 

A  serious  accident  on  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad 
•occurred  on  March  25,  1890,  two  miles  east  of  the 
town.  Train  No.  2,  consisting  of  eleven  coaches,  was 
thrown  from  the  track  by  a  broken  rail.  Seven  cars 
were  ditched,  the  mail  and  express,  the  baggage  car. 
and  one  first  class  coach  burned.  C.  S.  Miles,  of  Bald 


Mountain,  messenger  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Express 
Company,  met  a  frightful  fate,  being  caught  between 
the  rods  of  his  car  and  burned  to  death.  Three  tramps 
were  killed  and  many  others  injured. 

The  school  district  is  No.  13,  and  the  first  school 
house,  which  is  still  the  only  school  building,  was  built 
in  1890.  It  consists  of  two  rooms.  The  first  teacher 
was  Miss  Haines.  The  present  teachers  are  Mrs. 
Piersons  and  Miss  Barbara  Hage.  The  school  board 
consists  of  H.  L.  Bidwell.  John  Larsen  and  Moses 
Cookson.  There  is  one  church,  the  Congregational, 
of  which  Rev.  Victor  Roth,  of  Clark's  Fork,  is  the 
pastor.  The  different  lodges  are  well  represented 
in  Hope.  They  are  as  follows :  Foresters,  M.  W.  A., 
Order  of  Pindo,  Hope  Federation  of  Labor,  (Chas.  • 
Smith,  president),  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  (J.  W.  Ramsay, 
N.  G. ;  E.  J.  Phelps,  V.  G. ;  H.  L.  Bidwell.  secretary ; 
Alex.  Ouirie,  treasurer),  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  (H.  L.  Bid- 
well,  P.  M. ;  E.  H.  North,  M.  W. ;  D.  C.  Rowell,  re- 
corder; H.  L.  Bidwell,  financier),  D.  of  H.  (Emma 
Sherman,  P.  C.  o-f  H. ;  Nettie  Kooning,  C.  of  H.; 
Mabel  Crandall,  L.  of  H. ;  Mamie  Rowell,  financier ; 
Ella  Brewer,  recorder),  the  Rebekahs  (P.  N.  G., 
Emma  Wanamaker;  N.  G.,  Ella  Brewer;  V.  G.,  Mabel 
Crandall ;  secretary,  Thomas  Thompson ;  treasurer,  K. 
Wanamaker). 

The  citizens  and  business  men  of  Hope  are  enter- 
prising and  they  take  a  deep  interest  in  all  matters 
tending  to  promote  the  welfare  of  their  town.  The 
business  directory  of  the  town  at  present  would  include 
a  postoffice,  John  Larsen,  postmaster;  two  hotels, 
Prescott  House,  Mrs.  Thomas  Davey,  and  the  Lake 
Side  N.  P.  railroad  hotel,  Charles  J.  Jenkins-  man- 
ager: two  restaurants,  Jos.  Jeannot  and  Edwin  Leet; 
three  barber  shops,  H.  L.  Bidwell,  who  owns  a  shop 
and  employs  a  barber,  Jef.  Tigue  and  James  C.  Davis ; 
meat  market,  Fred  Hartman;  general  store,  L.  H. 
Jeannot,  who  kept  a  restaurant  until  1893 ;  Lumber 
Company  blacksmith  shop ;  drug  store,  A.  H.  Allen ; 
shingle  and  lath  mill,  O.  W.  Perkins  &  Company ; 
Mark  T.  Loop  is  the  only  physician ;  Robert  W.  Mor- 
ris is  the  railroad,  express  and  telepraph  agent ;  Grant 
Sherman  and  J.  Sladin  are  expressmen;  Nathan  G. 
Sisson  and  Kline  Wanamaker  have  general  stores; 
Twin  Woo  Company,  Chinese  goods,  Donavon,  Hop- 
kins &  Nineman  are  general  dealers ;  Frank  Albaugh 
will  soon  put  up  a  building  for  a  meat  market ;  H.  L. 
Bidwell  and  John  Dooley  are  justices  of  the  peace. 

The  establishment  of' the  Hope  Lumber  Company 
in  1901  infused  new  life  into  Hope.  The  company, 
composed  of  experienced  lumbermen  from  Michigan, 
got  the  mill  in  operation  in  November.  The  plant  is 
conveniently  located  on  the  lake  just  east  of  the  sta- 
tion- and  is  a  band  saw  mill,  with  lath  and  planing 
mills.  In  its  construction  the  most  experienced  mill- 
wrights were  employed,  and  most  modern  and  labor- 
saving  machinery  used,  and  the  result  is  the  model  mill 
of  the  country.  The  planing  mill,  as  a  protection 
against  fire,  is  detached,  power  being  transmitted  from 
the  engine  house  by  means  of  steel  cables.  The  whole 
premises  are  lighted  by  electric  lights.  The  company 
started  up  the  mill  with  a  stock  of  over  twenty  million 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


feet  of  logs  in  the  pond.  They  have  now  five  million 
feet  of  lumber,  of  which  three  million  is  white  pine. 
One  hundred  men  are  regularly  employed.  A  night 
crew  has  been  put  on  and  one  hundred  thousand  feet 
of  lumber  is  turned  out  every  twenty-four  hours.  O. 
M.  Field  is  the  president  of  the  company ;  W.  F.  Nin- 
neman,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  Will  Ninneman,  man- 
ager. 

Considerable  prospecting  has  been  done  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Hope,  and  valuable  discoveries  made  in  the  Black 
Tail  and  Lakeview  districts,  which  are  located  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  miles  to  the  south,  and  also  in  the 
mining  regions  of  Trestle  creek  and  Granite  creek. 
The  Panhandle  Alining  Company,  the  Park  River  Min- 
ing Company,  the  Pend  Oreille  Mining  Company 
and  Tilsey  &  Tanner  Mining  Company  own  mineral 
properties  in  this  vicinity. 

Hope  has  a  population  of  about  five  hundred,  but 
with  mineral  wealth  susceptible  of  great  future  de- 
velopment and  exceptional  railroad  facilities,  it  is  des- 
tined to  become  a  supply  point  of  considerable  im- 
portance. 

CLARK'S  FORK. 

In  a  fertile  valley  between  the  Cabinet  mountains 
on  the  north  and  the  foothills  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
range  on  the  south  is  the  thriving  little  village  of 
Clark's  Fork.  It  has  an  elevation  of  two  thousand 
feet,  fine  climate,  good  soil  and  good  water.  Two 
beautiful  creeks  flow  through  the  suburbs  of  the  town, 
which  in  time  will  furnish  large  supplies  of  water  for 
the  future  city.  Gardening  is  successfully  carried  on, 
a  variety  of  fruits  extensively  raised  and  farms  are 
cultivated  along  the  banks  of  the  river,  the  farmer 
finding  a  home  market  for  all  his  products.  But  this 
region  is  as  prolific  in  mining  and  lum(ber  as  in  agri- 
cultural products.  There  are  millions  of  feet  of  the 
finest  timber,  composed  of  pine,  fir,  cedar  and  tamarack, 
growing  along  the  streams  and  on  the  mountain  sides, 
and  within  a  radius  of  twenty-five  miles  are  many 
valuable  mines.  In  1890  the  trail  over  the  Cabinet 
mountains  to  Madison  on  the  upper  Kootenai  river 
opened  up  new  mineral  prospects,  where  was  found  fine 
galena  ore.  The  mines  on  Mosquito  creek  were  also 
vigorously  worked  and  large  shipments  of  valuable 
ore  sent  to  Helena  smelter  with  good  returns. 

Amongst  the  names  recorded  in  the  earliest  annals 
of  the  town  we  find  that  of  J.  G.  Nagel,  who  was  first 
postmaster  in  1884;  later,  in  1891,  Nagel,  Whitcomb 
&  Company  had  a  sawmill  and  general  store,  and  in 
1897  Mr.  Nagel  put  up  a  shingle  and  planing  mill, 
which  was  run  by  steam  power.  In  1884  two  shingle 
mills  were  owned  and  operated  by  Casey  &  McHugh 
and  James  Ewart.  A.  B.  Railton  and'M.  P.  Steys- 
haus  were  earl}'  settlers  who  did  much  to  attract  home- 
steaders to  the  vicinity.  A  contest  between  J.  E. 
White,  who  took  up  a  homestead  in  1895,  and  the  com- 
missioners of  the  general  landoffice.  was  decided  in 
1899,  in  favor  of  White,  and  entitled  him  to  his  home- 
stead entry  on  land  now  embraced  in  the  town  of 
Clark's  Fork.  A  list  of  the  present  business  houses  of 


the  town  would  include  the  following :      Two  general  I 
merchandise  stores,  those  of  John  W.  White  and  Whit- 
comb  Brothers,  the  last  mentioned  being  a  two-story  I 
building,  of  which  the  upper  part  is  a  hall ;  two  hotels,  j 
John  Reed  and  Gordon  Dougherty ;  the  Columbia  Min-  I 
ing  Company  ;  the  Copper  King  Mining  Company  ;  the  I 
Grand  Copper  Mining  Company ;  the  Leona  Mining  j 
Company.      There  are  two  religious  organizations,  the  I 
Free    Methodists    and    the    Congregationalists.       The 
former  have  a  church  building  and  Rev.  H.  S.  Yockey  I 
s  the  pastor.     The  latter  worship  in  the  school  house 
md  Rev.  V.  W.  Roth  is  the  pastor.     Mrs.  Roth  is  the-  | 
present   postmistress.       A   good   school   is    well    sup- 
ported, the  school  building  having  two  rooms  below 
and  a  hall  upstairs.     Two    teachers    are    employed,.'' 
Coral  Paxson  and  Miss  Rosa  Kennedy. 

The  present  population  of  the  town  is  about  two-i 
hundred.  It  is  situated  three  miles  from  Lake  Pend 
Oreille,  ninety-five  from  Spokane  and  sixty-five  from 
Rathdrum,  the  county  seat. 

It  has  been  said  of  Clark's  Fork  that  "it  is  a  good! 
place  for  both  rich  and  poor  to  live  in,"  a  sentiment 
readily  understood  by  those  who  are  acquainted  with 
its  resources  and  the  enterprise  of  its  citizens. 


Porthill  is  the  most  northern  station  on  the: 
Kootenai  Valley  railroad  in  the  United  States.  It  is 
about  twenty-five  miles  north  of  Bonner's  Ferry  and 
about  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  northeast  of  Spo- 
kane. It  is  distant  from  Rathdrum.  the  county  seat, 
about  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles.  The  inter-; 
national  boundary  line  separating  the  United  States 
and  British  Columbia  runs  about  two  hundred  yards 
north  of  the  postoffice  and  general  store  building  ofi 
French  &  Barnes.  The  town  was  formerly  known  as 
Ockonook  (the  Indian  name  for  rocky  point).  This 
name  was  given  it  by  Maj.  J.  I.  Barnes  in  1893.  In 
the  spring  of  that  year  the  United  States  government 
established  a  port  of  import  here,  and  Major  Barnes 
was  sent  as  a  customs  collector.  The  postoffice  \ 
established  the  same  year,  and  Major  Barnes  was 
made  postmaster.  He  afterward  opened  a  general 
merchandise  store,  which  he  conducted  until  the  timelj 
of  his  death,  in  1898. 

David  McLaughlin,  a  son  of  John  McLaughWH 
in  early  days  governor  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Co.,  and;! 
closely  identified  with  the  first  settlements  of  "Oldj 
Oregon,"  squatted  on  land  here  over  forty  years  agoJJ 
The  present  townsite  occupies  a  portion  of  the  okfll 
McLaughlin  claim.  Mr.  McLaughlin  until  recently 
lived  in  a  log  cabin  close  to  the  boundary  line,  and|J 
about  one- fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  Porthill  postoffice ;  [ 
he  died  May  5th.  of  the  present  year.  In  1892  C.jl 
P.  Hill  located  a  mineral  claim  on  the  McLaughlin:! 
place,  and  the  townsite  was  laid  out  on  this  land,  a 
one-third  interest  in  which  was  given  to  Mr.  McLaugh-j * 

Porthill  is  located  on  what  was  once  the  Hudson's^  j 
Bay  Company  trail  from  Bonner's  Ferry  to  Ft.  Steel, 
B.  C,  afterwards  the  trail  used  by  the  miners  in 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


rush  to  the  Wild  Horse  mines  in  British  Columbia, 
in  the  early  sixties.  The  town  occupies  a  table  land 
on  the  slope  of  the  foothills  of  the  Cabinet  range  of 
mountains,  and  is  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Kootenai 
river.  At  the  present  time  it  has  a  population  of 
less  than  one  hundred,  and  immediate  prospects  of 
substantial  and  material  growth  are  not  especially  good. 
It  has  real  advantages  of  location,  however,  that  will 
in  the  future  be  improved.  The  site  is  a  good  one  and 
there  is  room  in  abundance  for  a  large  city.  There 
are  good  mineral  prospects  which,  when  transportation 
facilities  are  provided,  will  be  tributary  to  this  point. 
Within  a  radius  of  twenty-five  miles  from  Porthill 

them  what  is  known  as  the  Continental  mine.  Ores 
pave  been  mined  showing  assays  of  fifty  dollars  per 
Ion  in  silver  and  lead.  But  transportation  facilities 
are  lacking,  and  the  development  of  the  mineral  re- 
Bources  must  await  the  investment  of  capital  in  rail- 
roads. The  soil  of  the  valley  of  the  Kootenai  river  is 
pch  and  very  productive.  In  this  valley  are  immense 
•Teas  of  agricultural  land  that  will  some  day  be  put 
under  cultivation,  and  when  that  day  comes  Porthill 
fcrill  be  the  center  of  an  extensive  and  wealthy  farm- 
ing community.  At  the  present  time  the  Kootenai 
fciver  overflows  the  whole  valley  each  year,  and  this 
jgreat  area  is  practically  useless,  except  in  some  loca- 
tions for  the  production  of  hay.  Porthill  occupies  a 
central  location  in  a  section,  part  of  which  is  in  the 
United  States  and  the  remainder  in  British  Columbia, 
that  is  wealthy  in  resources,  and  when  their  develop- 
ment begins  the  town  will  begin  to  grow. 
I  Among  the  early  settlers  here,  besides  those  already 
framed,  were  William  Hall,  who  took  up  the  place 
known  as  Hale's  Rranch,  where  it  is  said  a  distillery 
was  operated  in  early  days,  supplying  the  miners  and 
bthers  with  stirrtulants ;  and  Mrs.  M.  C.  Barnes,  the 
present  postmistress,  who  came  here  with  her  husband 
Sn  1893.  For  two  years  Mrs.  Barnes  was  the  only  white 
•koman  in  the  settlement.  A.  P.  Whitney  came  here 
in  1897,  from  Bonner's  Ferry,  and  opened  the  Whitney 
'hotel.  A  little  later  the  Montgomery  brothers, — 
•Marion,  Thomas  and  Z.— settled  here.  G.  H.  Finrow 
&  Company  also  opened  a  general  store.  The  Ocko- 
nook  general  store  was  established  by  Maj.  J.  I.  Barnes 
in  1892.  H.  A.  French  and  Mrs.  M.  C.  Barnes  now 
iconduct  the  business.  Mr.  French  is  justice  of  the 
peace. 

A  school  house  was  erected  in  1896  and  the  first 
jpchool  term  was  taught  by  Miss  Agnes  McRay.  At 
present  the  school  is  in  charge  of  Prof.  Thomas  Hy- 
ftorn,  who  has  about  thirty  pupils  enrolled.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  school  board  are  C.  S.  Smith,  chairman: 
'Mrs.  M.  C.  Barnes,  clerk:  and  E.  Osborn. 

The  officers  in  charge  of  the  United  States  customs 
station  are  Otis  F.  Warren  and  William  Ryan.  Mr. 
Ryan  was  formerly  sheriff  of  Kootenai  county.  Will- 
iam B.  Thews.  United  States  immigrant  inspector,  is 
'also  stationed  here.  The  principal  imports  on  which 
>duties  are  collected  at  Porthill  are  coal,  coke  and  ores. 
Some  idea  of  the  receipts  of  the  customs  office  may  be 
*ad  from  a  knowledge  of  the  fact  that  in  Aprifand 


May,  1900,  duties  were  collected  on  $311,949  worth 
of  lead  ore  alone.  Before  the  construction  of  the  K. 
V.  R.  R.,  in  1899,  from  Bonner's  Ferry  to  Kusko- 
nook,  B.  C.,  these  shipments  entered  the  United 
States  by  way  of  the  Kootenai  river,  and  the  duties 
were  collected  at  Bonner's  Ferry,  which  is  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  that  river.  When  the  railroad 
was  built  the  company  named  the  station  Porthill,  and 
in  1900  the  postoffice  name  of  Ockonook  was  dropped 
and  Porthill  substituted.  Mail  is  still  carried  by  stage 
to  and  from  Bonners  Ferry. 

Interest  has  but  recently  developed  in  the  resources 
of  this  section.  But  very  little  has  yet  been,  accom- 
plished by  agriculturalists,  and  less  by  miners.  Prog- 
ress has  thus  far  been  very  slow,  owing  to  discourag- 
ing conditions,  which  still  exist.  A  good  many  In- 
dians from  the  Kootenai  and  other  tribes  occupy  some 
of  the  lands,  and  while  a  few  of  them  cultivate'  farms 
in  crude  fashion  and  engage  in  a  sm-all  way  in  stock 
raising,  they  accomplish  but  little  in  the  production  of 
wealth  and  in  the  substantial  development  of  the  sec- 
tion. Present  conditions,  however,  cannot  long  re- 
main unchanged,  and  the  time  will  doubtless  come  in 
the  near  future  when  capital  and  the  accompanying 
forces  that  revolutionize  conditions,  people  the  rural 
districts  and  build  cities,  will  invade  the  boundary 
region.  When  these  things  take  place  Porthill  will 
become  a  populous  and  thriving  city. 


Lakeview  is  one  of  the  older  mining  settlements 
of  Kootenai  county.  The  history  of  the  mines  of  this 
region  will  be  found  in  the  descriptive  chapter.  The 
first  were  located  in  1888  by  William  Bell  and  others, 
who  had  been  outfitted  by  Fred  Weber  and  S.  P.  Don- 
nelly. The  town  started  about  the  same  time.  The 
townsite  locaters  were  Archie  O'Donnel,  Robert  Roch- 
eford,  George  Macer,  S.  P.  Donnelly  and  Fount  Per- 
ry. It  is  situated  at  the  head  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille, 
a  little  back  from  the  shore.  Its  elevation  is  two 
thousand  two  hundred  and  eighty-five  feet.  A  post- 
office  was  established  in  1892,  with  Ernest  Rammel- 
meyer  as  postmaster.  He  served  in  this  capacity  until 
1896,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  present  post- 
master, W.  H.  Lyon.  A  general  merchandise  store 
was  established  in  1888  by  a  Mr.  Shelton,  who  sold 
out  to  Robert  Baldwin  in  1890.  Mr.  Baldwin  in  turn 
sold  out  to  G.  B.  Bannatter  in  1896.  Mr.  Bannatter 
was  succeeded  in  1899  by  Louis  Eilert,  who  sold  June 
I,  1900,  to  W.  H.  Lyon,  who  still  conducts  the  busi- 
ness and  serves  as  postmaster. 

School  district  number  thirty-seven  was  formed 
here  in  1896.  and  the  first  school  board,  appointed  by 
Judge  Melder,  wafe  composed  of  W.  H.  Lyon,  Will- 
iam Preston  and  Robert  Baldwin.  There  is.  a  good 
school  house  and  a  good  school  is  maintained  each 
year.  In  1900  Lakeview  had  a  population  of  eighty- 
four.  There  are  now  something  over  one  hundred  and 
fifty  residents.  Boats  ply  from  this  point  on  the  lake 
to  Hope,  making  connections  there  with  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad.  Boats  also,  carrying  mails  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


passengers,  run  daily  to  Steamboat  Landing  (now 
called  Idlewilde)  on  the  west,  and  from  this  place  a 
stage  line  is  operated  to  Athol,  eight  miles  across  the 
country,  where  connections  are  made  with  Northern 
Pacific  trains.  Lakeview  is  in  the  center  of  an  ex- 
tensive mining  region  and  does  an  immense  amount 
of  business  in  general  merchandise  and  miners'  sup- 
plies. The  mines  are  becoming  each  year  more  pro- 
ductive, machinery  is  being  introduced,  shipping  facili- 
ties, via  the  lake  to  Hope  and  Sandpoint,  are  being  im- 
proved, and  the  town  has  every  assurance  of  perma- 
nence and  prosperity  as  a  mining  center. 


Athol  has  been  platted  on  school  section  No.  16, 
township  53,  range  3,  W.  B.  M.  The  town  was  laid 
out  by  the  state  and  as  yet  the  citizens  have  no  titles 
to  their  property.  This  is  a  matter  that  will  soon  be 
adjusted,  however,  and  has  in  no  way  interfered  with 
the  progress  of  the  town.  In  1900  it  was  credited 
with  a  population  of  forty-eight,  which  Has  increased 
to  something  over  one  hundred.  Athol  is  a  station 
on  the  main  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  ten 
miles  northeast  of  Rathdrum.  It  is  eight  miles  from 
Steamboat  Landing,  on  Pend  Oreille,  on  the  east, 
and  about  the  same  distance  from  Spirit  Lake,  on  the 
west.  The  surrounding  country  is  heavily  timbered 
and  will  make  excellent  agricultural  land  when  eventu- 
ally cleared.  Grains,  vegetables  and  fruits  grow 
abundantly  where  clearings  have  been  made.  Stock 
f  is  also  a  profitable  industry.  Lumber 


facturiri 


chief  indus 


nill   ' 


"built  here  in  December,  1902,  by  Hackett  &  Wilson. 
In  January,  1903,  Huber  Rasher  and  Charles  King- 
man  bought  an  interest  in  the  plant.  It  is  now  owned 
and  officered  by  Huber  Rasher,  president,  R.  L.  Hack- 
ett, vice-president,  and  Charles  Kingman,  secretary. 
The  mill  has  a  capacity  of  twenty-five  thousand  feet 
per  day. 

A  store  of  general  merchandise  is  owned  by  S. 
H.  Watkins :  Butler  Bros,  conduct  a  drug  store ;  the 
Pacific  hotel  is  owned  by  George  Baiters:  Horsier  & 
Wike  have  a  general  store;  Snyder  &  Williams  run 
a  blacksmith  and  wood  shop ;  James  J.  Dumar  is  post- 
master ;  R.  N.  Studley  has  a  restaurant ;  J.  A.  Williams 
is  manager  of  the  Aihol  Mercantile  Company;  a  feed 
barn  is  owned  by  Hilbert  &  Studley ;  a  hall  'has  been 
erected  by  the.  Athol  Improvement  Company,  in  which 
the  I.  O.  "O.  F.  have  a  controlling  interest.  "The  Meth- 
odists have  a  good  church  building,  which  was  put 
up  in  1900 ;  Rev.  C.  T.  Coon  is  pastor  of  the  congre- 
gation :  the  Baptists  are  about  to  erect  a  building ; 
their  services  are  now  conducted  by  Rev.  C.  M.  Hurt 
and  Rev.  C.  C.  Hand.  The  public  schools  were  taught 
the  past  year  by  Professor  Daniel  Van  Duzer.  former- 
ly county  superintendent  of  schools. 

The  first  settlers  at  Athol  were  the  railroad  sec- 
tion foremen,  S.  and  P.  L.  Bennett,  who  were  sent 
here  shortly  after  the  track  was  laid.  Aside  from 
these  the  first  permanent  settler  was  A.  H.  Noble,  who 
took  up  a  homestead,  which  adjoins  the  townsite,  in 


1892.     The  postoffice  was  established  in  1895,  with  I.* 
F.  Irons,  postmaster.     The  pioneer  business  man  is  S.J 
H.  Watkins,  who  opened  his  store  in  1895.     A  school! 
house  was  built  in  1902 ;  before  its  construction  school  • 
was  taught  in   the  M.   E.  church  building,   the  first 
teacher  being  a  Miss  Moss.     The  first  minister  located 
at  Athol  was  Rev.  Hobson,  now  of  Coeur  d'Alene.1 
Early  in  the  history  of  the  village  lodges  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  M.  W.  A.  were  organized,  and  they  now; 
have  a  membership  of  eighty  and  forty,  respectively.! 
Athol  is  far  enough  removed  from  the  neighboring} 
business  centers — Rathdrum  and  Sandpoint — to  make! 
a  good  town.      There  are  extensive  heavily  timbered! 
areas  all  around  the  town  and  the  development  of  the  I 
timber  industry  is  certain  to  bring  men  and  mills  to 
the  locality.      Its  shipping  facilities  are  good  and  ill 
time  it  will  receive  splendid  support  from  the  farming  |< 
areas  which  are  .yearly  becoming  more  extensive  and! 
more   productive.      Athol   is   certain   to   grow  into  a 
thriving  business  center. 


Hauser  is  the  junction  of  the  main  line  with  the! 
Coeur  d'Alene  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  (I 
It  is  twenty-one  miles  east  of  Spokane  and  six  miles  B 
southwest  of  Rathdrum,  the  county  seat  of  Kootenai  | 
county.  It  is  in  the  Spokane  valley,  or  what  is  termed  ':] 
locally  Rathdrum  prairie,  about  midway  between  Mud  A 
Lake  on  the  north  and  Spokane  river  on  the  south.  I 
The  surrounding  lands  are  largely  agricultural  and 
some  of  the  best  ranches  in  the  county  are  in  thisfi 
vicinity.  Its  proximity  to  Post  Falls,  which  is  only,' 
about  five  miles  away,  has  retarded  progress  at  Hauser 
in  a  business  way,  but  to  the  north  and  west  is  quite  M 
a  large  expanse  of  territory  that  must  when  fully  sef-B 
tied  become  in  a  measure  tributary  to  the  town,  and 
consequently  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  it  will}] 
in  the  future  become  a  thriving  village. 

Settlements  were  made  here  as  early  as  1880,  butH 
in    1900   it   was   credited  with   a   population   of   only  J. I 
thirty-eight.     E.   P.   Manor,  now   of  Rathdrum.  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers  and  business  men.    He  moved! I 
his  business  to  Rathdrum  in  1894. 

The  main  line  of  the  railroad  and  its  branch  affordH 
great  shipping  facilities.  John  Cogan  is  the  present  j 
postmaster.  He  also  conducts  a  general  merchandise}  j 
store.  The  town  is  pleasantly  situated,  with  the  prairielj 
stretching  away  to  the  east  and  west  and  the  mountains  | 
rising  on  the  north  and  south.  There  is  an  abundance  i 
of  timber  land  to  the  north  that  is  valuable  not  alone?  j 
for  the  timber,  but  for  its  productive  qualities  wheaij 
cleared.  It  is  a  desirable  location  for  home  builders,  ( 
and  adjoining  lands  on  all  sides  are  being  rapidly! I 
settled. 


CAMAS    COVE,    TYSON,    SANTA,    FE] 


OD,    EMIDA 


In   1895  the  Tyson  brothers,  James,  Henry  and 
George,  located  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Kootenai  I 
county,  on  land  which  now  includes  the  town  site  of  I 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Tyson.  Their  property  is  located  on  Tyson  creek,  for- 
merly known  as  Ridue  creek.  The  Tysons  purchased 
he  land  of  S.  B.  Richie,  who  had  several  years  previ- 
ily  taken  it  up  as  a  homestead.  The  surrounding 
country  is  now  known  as  the  Camas  Cove  mining 

ict.    It  is  a.  sheltered  cove  in  the  mountains  about 

miles  square,  and  took  its  name  from  the  camas 
root,  whch  i's  abundant  here.  It  is  on  the  southern 
ilope  of  the  mountain  range  which  forms  the  divide 
>etween  the  St.  Joe  and  St.  Maries  rivers.  Here 
he  Tyson  brothers  engaged  in  stock  raising  for  two 
rears  "before  having  any  knowledge  of  the  presence 
Of  gold  on  their  land.  In  1897  Burt  Renfro  found  on 
he  place  a  piece  of  float  that  contained  gold.  After 
his  find  James  and  Henry  Tyson  began  prospecting. 
Their  first  discovery  was  the  War  Eagle,  now  one  of 
the  richest  mines  in  the  district.  A  little  later  rich 
Hacer  discoveries  were  made,  causing  a  great  deal 
rf  excitement  and  resulting  in  a  rush  of  miners  and 
>rospectors.  A  large  camp  was  soon  formed,  and  since 
pat  time  there  has  been  continued  development  of  the 
ining  properties  and  the  establishment  of  a  thriving 
ining  town,  which  was  very  naturally  named  Tyson. 
Tyson  is  located  about  eighteen  miles  southeast 
trf  St.  Maries  in  the  heart  of  the  mining  district.  In 

years  it  has  developed  from  a  stock  ranch  to  a 
well  populated  town.  The  placer  mines  have  yielded 

y  thousands  of  dollars  to  their  owners  and  the 
development  of  the  quartz  claims  is  well  under  way. 
Stores  and  hotels  have  been  opened.  There  is  a  post- 
Sffice  and  a  good  school.  A  saw  mill  has  been  erected 
hd  a  stamp  mill  is  contemplated.  Regular  stages  run 
between  Tyson  and  St.  Maries,  and  a  telephone  line 
meets  the  town  with  outside  points.  Among  those 
now  residing  here  who  were  here  when  the  first  mineral 
discoveries  were  made  are  the  Tyson  brothers,  Burt 
flenfro,  H.  Desgranges,  Joe  Dugan,  A.  C.  Schrader, 
C.  J.  Cole,  J.  W.  McNeil  and  Peter  Desgraoges.  There 

now  about  two  hundred  people  in  and  about  tne 
town. 

The  most  valuable  claims  now  being  worked  are 
lie  War  Eagle,  Gold  Nugget  and  Sixteen  to  One, 
located  by  James  Tyson.  The  Gold  Nugget  has  yielded 
to  date  upwards  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars."  There 
1  ilso  the  Bluebird,  Topping's  Ironclad,  and  the  Kelly 
Corbin  claims.  The  Richmond  Group  consists  of  five 
'  ns,  owned  by  the  Richmond  Gold  Mining  and  Mill- 
ing Company,  of  which  J.  W.  McNeil  is  manager. 
The  Ironclad  is  owned  by  Charles  Topping  and  W. 
H.  Haverland. 

The  town  of  Tyson  is  in  a  beautiful  valley  and 
has  many  advantages  of  location  which  insure  its  per- 
manence. The  town  site  was  patented  by  James  Tyson 
in  January,  1901,  and  the  lots  have  nearly  all  been 
sold  at  prices  ranging  from  forty  dollars  to  one  hun- 
dred dollars  each.  An  addition  to  this  original  site 
has  been  platted  and  is  now  being  sold  out.  Ex- 
perienced mining  men  have  invested  here  and  have 
faith  in  the  future  of  the  mining  industry.  Every 
indication  is  that  Tyson  will  grow  in  population  and 

Santa  is  three  miles  north  of  Tyson,  fifty  miles 


south  of  Rathdrum,  and  twenty-five  miles  east  of  Farm-  ' 
ington,  Washington.  It  is  connected  by  stage  with 
St.  Maries,  fifteen  miles  down  the  river.  It  has  a 
population  of  about  fifty.  It  is  a  distributing  point 
for  logging  camps  located  in  the  surrounding  forests. 
The  saw  mills  of  Harrison  and  Coeur  d'Alene  have 
installed  logging  camps  in  this  section  that  give  em- 
ployment to  upwards  of  one  thousand  men.  The  St. 
Joe  Improvement  Company  has  built  a  dam  on  the 
St.  Maries  river  four  miles  below  Santa,  which  has 
greatly  increased  rafting  facilities.  About  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars  have  been  spent  in  river  improve- 
ments in  this  region,  and  last  season's  output  of  logs 
amounted  to  about  twenty  million  feet.  Ranchers  are 
settled  all  along  the  St.  Maries  river  and  many  of  them 
trade  at  Santa.  A  town  site  has  been  platted  by  S.  T. 
Renfro.  H.  H.  Renfro  is  postmaster,  and  has  a  general 
store.  The  Elk  Hotel  is  conducted  by  W.  Jones  and 
Everett  Markham.  There  is  also  a  blacksmith  shop 
and  livery  barn  owned  by  B.  Walkup,  The  timbered 
areas  are  immense  here  and  there  is  also  a  good  deal 
of  agricultural  land,  and  as  the  territory  needs  the 
town  as  a  dstributing  point,  Santa  is  likely  to  grow  and 
become  prosperous.  Fernwood  is  a  settlement  four 
miles  west  of  Santa.  C.  D.  McGregor  has  secured  a 
town  site  patent.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  a  splendid  forest 
of  saw  timber.  J.  K.  Hord  has  established  a  general 
store,  and  a  hotel  is  conducted  by  Mrs.  Blair.  Game 
is  plentiful  here,  including  bear,  cougar,  deer,  elk, 
grouse,  and  pheasants.  Emida  is  a  small  settlement  ten 
miles  west  of  Santa.  There  are  about  fifty  people,  here. 
A  general  store  is  conducted  by  Hugh  East.  Clarkia 
is  another  small  postoffice  in  the  extreme  southeast 
corner  of  the  county.  It  is  on  the  upper  St.  Maries 
river,  sixty  miles  southeast  of  Rathdrurn. 

SMALL   STATIONS  AND   POSTOFFICES  ON   THE   NORTHERN 
PACIFIC    RAILROAD. 

Granite  is  eighteen  miles  northeast  of  Rathdrum. 
It  is  a  heavily  timbered  section.  What  is  known  as 
the  Severance  sawmill  is  near  here  at  King's  Spur. 
It  uses  a  forty-horse  power  boiler  and  employs  a 
crew  of  about  sixty  men.  Miss  Carrie  B.  Jordan 
is  postmistress  at  Granite  and  conducts  a  general  store. 
Mrs.  Leadbette  is  proprietor  of  Hotel  Leadbette.  Ram- 
sey is  about  midwav  between  Rathdrum  and  Athol; 
prospecting  and  logging  are  the  chief  industries.  When 
the  timber  is  eventually  cleared  away  a  considerable 
amount  of  agricultural  land  will  come  under  cultiva- 
tion and  contribute  towards  the  building  of  a  pros- 
perous village  at  this  point.  The  present  merchant 
and  postmaster  is  Frank  Tripp.  Cocolalla  is  twenty- 
eight  miles  northeast  of  Rathdrum.  It  is  on  Lake  Coco- 
lalla, from  which  it  takes  its  name.  Immense  quarries 
of  the  finest  granite  are  being  opened  on  the  shores  of 
this  lake.  Algoma  is  about  six  miles  south  of  Sand- 
point.  Settlements  were  first  made  here  in  1900. 
Nathan  Powell  is  postmaster  and  has  a  general  store. 
Sagle  is  a  star  route  postoffice  between  Algoma  on 
the  N.  P.  railroad  and  Lake  Pend  Oreille.  Pan- 
handle is  a  new  town  that  has  been  platted  about  two 


8i4 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


iles 


east  of  Sandpoint,   where  the  smelter  is  being 
and 


erected.  The  proposed  new  railroad,  the  Spok 
Kootenai,  will  run  near  the  site.  Kootenai  is  four 
miles  northeast  of  Sandpoint.  This  was  once  a  thriv- 
ing town  of  about  one  thousand  people.  It  had  a 
newspaper  and  supported  several  stores  and  supply 
houses.  It  was  then  the  shipping  point  for  freight  and 
supplies  by  wagon  to  Bonner's  Ferry  on  the  Kootenai 
river,  and  to  points  north.  In  1892,  when  the  Great 
Northern  railroad  was  completed  to  Bonner's  Ferry, 
the  people,  newspaper,  business  houses,  etc.,  followed 
the  new  road  or  sought  other  localities  and  the  popula- 
tion dropped  to  less  than  one  hundred.  It  is  on  the 
shores  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille  and  is  surrounded  by 
timber  and  mineral  lands.  Its  proximity  to  Sand- 
point  will  probably  prevent  material  growth.  Oden 
is  three  or  four  miles  east  of  Kootenai  and  is  also 
on  the  lake  shore.  Pack  River  is  five  miles  northwest 
of  Hope.  It  is  on  the  shores  of  the  lake  and  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  bearing  the  same  name.  A  good 
deal  of  prospecting  is  being  done  up  this  river.  Black 
Tail  is  a  mining  settlement  fourteen  miles  from  Hope, 
from  which  place  it  is  reached  by  steamers.  Thornton 
is  a  flag  station  four  miles  southeast  of  Hope.  Cabinet 
is  seven  miles  southeast  of  Clark's  Fork  and  close  to 
the  Montana  state  line. 


Leonia  is  on  the  Montana  state  line  about  fifteen 
miles  southeast  of  Bonner's  Ferry  and  ninety  miles 
from  the  county  seat.  It  is  the  center  of  a  fine  lum- 
bering region.  Lena  Mervin  is  postmistress.  E.  E. 
Gilson  runs  a  hotel.  The  Leonia  Mercantile  Company, 
of  which  W.  E.  R.  Brewster  is  manager,  has  a  large 
general  store  and  a  good  trade.  Katka  is  the  next  sta- 
tion west,  distant  six  miles  from  Leonia.  Crossport 
is  a  small  station  four  miles  east  of  Bonner's  Ferry. 
Moravia  is  about  the  same  distance  southwest  of  Bon- 
ner's Ferry.  Naples  is  the  next  station  south.  The 
White  Mercantile  Company  has  a  general  store  here. 
Elmira  is  about  fifteen  miles  north  of  Sandpoint.  Col- 
burn  is  about  half  way  between  Sandpoint  and  Elmira. 
Urencoe  Station  (or'Markham  postoffice)  is  west  of 
Sandpoint  at  the  extreme  foot  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille. 
La  Clede,  on  the  Pend  Oreille  river,  is  twenty-eight 
miles  north  of  Rathdrum.  It  has  a  population  of  per- 
haps one  hundred  and  fifty.  Mining  and  lumbering 
are  its  industries.  Jerome  M.  Bunker  is  postmaster; 
a  blacksmith  shop  is  owned  by  Charles  Bradbury ;  a 
general  store  is  conducted  by  Mrs.  B.  Cass ;  A.  Chris- 
tenson  has  a  general  store  and  ships  poles;  R.  H. 
Graves  runs  a  restaurant;  Fred  Burdick  is  justice 
of  the  peace ;  the  town  has  a  good  hotel,  the  La  Clede. 
The  large  general  store  of  the  La  Clede  Lumber  Com- 
pany, of  which  J.  M.  Bunker  is  president,  William  A. 
Burdick,  secretary,  and  Mr.  McKinney  manager,  was 
totally  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  early  morning  of  March 
15,  1903.  The  store  also  contained  the  postoffice  and  in 
the  upper  story  was  a  large  public  hall.  The  loss  on 
the  building  was  about  twenty  thousand  dollars.  The 


stock  of  general  merchandise,  which  was  almost  < 
tirely  destroyed,  was  valued  at  six  thousand  c 

Albany  Falls  is  about  two  miles  from  the  Washin0 

state  line.  It  is  about  thirty  miles  northwest  of  Rath- 
drum  and  four  miles  west  of  Priest  River.  This  will 
develop  into  a  thriving  place  in  the  future,  as  the  falls 
in  the  Pend  Oreille  river  will  furnish  immense  power, 
which  will  no  doubt  be,  utilized  sooner  or  later  by  mills 
and  factories.  On  the  north  bank  of  the  river  and  ex- 
tending three  miles  to  the  east,  is  an  immense  deposit 
of  aluminum  clay,  from  which  the  finest  grades  of 
brick  may  be  manufactured.  The  settlement  is  in  school 
district  No.  24,  which  was  organized  August  30,  1892. 
The  present  valuation  of  the  school  property  is  about 
eight  hundred  dollars.  The  settlement  has  good  pros- 
pects. Newport  is  but  two  miles  west  of  Albany  Falls 
and  is  directly  on  the  boundary  line  between  Idaho 
and  Washington.  A  portion  of  the  town  is  in  each 
state.  It  is  surrounded  by  rich  mineral  lands, 'fine 
limber  belts  and  numerous  valleys  of  fertile  agricultural 
lands.  It  has  in  addition  peculiar  advantages  as  a  pleas 
ure  resort.  The  scenery  is  enchanting  and  the  excellent 
hunting  and  fishing  afforded  by  the  nearby  mountain 
valleys  and  streams,  and  the  Pend  Oreille  river,  mak 
the  locality  truly  a  sportsman's  paradise.  It  has  gen- 
eral stores,  long  distance  telephone  connections,  gocx 
schools  and  churches,  and  will  grow  in  population  am 
importance,  as  the  surrounding  country  is  developed 
Copeland  is  a  station  on  the  Kootenai  Valley  rail 
road,  north  of  Bonner's  Ferry.  The  Internationa 
boundary  line  is  about  seven  miles  directly  north.  It  i 
about  ten  miles  southeast  of  Porthill,  seventy  mile 
northeast  of  the  county  seat  and  one  hundred  and  eigh 
miles  northeast  of  Spokane.  The  postoffice  was  estab 
lished  July  i.  1900,  with  L.  P.  Cole  as  postmaster.  Mt 
Cole  is  also  manager  of  a  general  store,  conducted  un- 
der the  firm  of  L.  P.  Cole  &  Company.  Am 
the  prominent  settlers  of  this  locality  is  Charles  ] 
Fischer,  who  is  interested  in  the  reclamation  of  < 
swamp  lands  of  the  Kootenai  valley,  and  in  the  deve 
ment  of  other  resources  of  the  country. 

•'.).   R.   &   N.   RAILROAD  STATIONS. 


Cataklo  is  on  the  boundary  line  between  Root 
and  Shoshone  counties.  It  is  thirty-five  mile; 
east  of  Rathdrum.  There  is  a  sawmill  here  owned 
Roland  and  Burris.  A  general  store  is  conducted 
A.  E.  Frost  and  another  by  W.  P.  Dwyer.  C. 
Cole  and  Son  are  loggers.  It  is  on  the  Coeur  d'Alei 
river  in  a  heavilv  timbered  section.  Mission  is  a  flaj 
station  a  few  miles  west  of  Cataldo.  Dudley  is  th 
next  small  station  west.  Lane  is  a  station  of  greate 
importance  a  short  distance  west  of  Dudley.  It  ha 
a  population  of  about  one  hundred.  Ther,e  is  a  hote 
here  kept  by  H.  Roden.  P.  L.  Zimmerman  has  a  largi 
general  store.  Another  general  store  has  recently  bea 
put  in  by  the  Kootenai  Commercial  Company,  formerl; 
engaged  in  business  at  Harrison.  Medimont  is  abou 
nine  miles  east  of  Harrison.  Titus  Blessing  and  Jona- 
than Mauk  took  up  homesteads  here  several  years  agq 
and  in  1895  a  town  site  was  laid  out  on  their  land. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


This  resulted  in  a  contest  between  the  homesteaders 
and  townsite  people  before  the  Coeur  d'Alene  land  office 
and  the  Interior  Department.  The  townsite  people 
won,  but  generously  gave  to  Blessing  and  Mauk  all  the 
land  not  used  for  townsite  purposes.  A  patent  to  the 
townsite  was  issued  to  the  probate  judge  of  the  county, 
who  conveyed  the  lots  to  the  occupants.  The  name 
Medimont  'was  coined  from  "Medicine  Mountain,"  a 
local  land  mark.  There  has  been  a  settlement  here 
ce  1890.  It  is  the  center  of  a  mineral  district.  There 
ilso  a  good  deal  of  farming  land  along  the  river  in 
this  section,  and  the  stock  industry  has  developed  to 


good  proportions.     J.  W.   Slayter  is  postm 
Hotel  is  conducted  by  Robert  P.  Short,  and 


gen 


Mr.  Slater.  About  seventy-five  people  are 
permanent  settlers  in  the  town.  Anderson  is  a  station 
-  short  distance  east  of  Harrison.  Its  postoffice  name 

Springston.  Mining  and  lumbering  are  well  devel- 
oped industries.  D.  B.  Stowell  is  postmaster.  Nathan 
R.  Bowers  runs  a  blacksmith  shop.  Stowell  and 
Shingstead  have  a  general  store  and  a  sawmill.  The 
Waters  Mining  Company,  of  which  N.  R.  Bowers  is 
^resident,  and  P.  T.  Wagner  secretary,  owns  several 
good  prospects  in  the  vicinity.  Lacon  is  a  flag  station 
*even  miles  south  of  Harrison,  on  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene. 
Jtyatts  is  a  station  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indian  reserva- 

m,  ten  miles  east  of  Tekoa,  Washington. 

SOME     INLAND    AND    LAKESIDE    SETTLEMENTS. 

Steamboat  Landing  is  a  settlement  at  the  extreme 

uthern  point  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille.     Boats  ply  from 

this  point  to  Lakcview  and  stages  run  to  Athol  on  the 


of  Athnl.  Squaw  Bay  is  a  settlement  on  an  arm  of 
Lake  Pend  Oreille  about  two  miles  north  of  Steam- 
boat Landing.  It  has  become  a  summer  resort  and  the 
tiame  has  been  changed  to  Idlewilde.  Hotels  and  cot- 
tages have  been  erected.  It  is  a  beautiful  location  and 
jttie  scenery  is  especially  grand.  It  has  excellent  ad- 
vantages as  a  resort.  Weber  is  a  mining  settlement 
fifteen  miles  south  of  Hope  on  the  lake  shore.  It  is 
ched  from  Hope  and-  Lakeview  by  steamer.  The 


Weber  Milling  and  Mining  Company  have  valuable 
properties  here.  Mica  is  a  postoffice  in  the  western 
part  of  the  county,  fifteen  miles  south  of  Rathdrum, 
and  nine  miles  south  of  Coeur  d'Alene  City.  It  is  near 
the  west  shore  of  the  lake.  Len  Landing  is  a  postoffice 
and  steamboat  landing  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Coeur 
d'Alene,  about  midway  between  Coeur  d'Alene  City 
and  Harrison.  Lumbering,  dairying  and  fruit 
growing  are  profitable  industries  here.  A  stage 
runs  to  Bellgrove  on  the  west.  Len  H.  Nichols  is 
postmaster.  Mr.  Nichols  also  handles  general  mer- 
chandise, farm  products  and  lumber.  Eli  Stinson  con- 
ducts a  grocery  store.  Bellgrove  is  a  postoffice  near 
the  Washington  state  line,  in  the  western  part  of  the 
county,  directly  west  of  Len  Landing  on  the  lake.  Will- 
iams was  formerly  called  Coolin.  It  is  west  of  the 
loot  of  Priest  Lake,  about  twenty-five  miles  north  of  the 
town  of  Priest  River,  and  is  in  the  Priest  River  forest 
reserve.  It  has  a  population  of  something  more  than 
one  hundred.  Stages  convey  mail  and  passengers  to 
and  from  Priest  River.  Lee  Downey  is  postmaster. 
A  general  store. is  conducted  by  A.  Coolin.  Farming, 
stock  raising,  and  dairying  are  carried  on  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  in  the  surrounding  country.  Further 
development  of  the  town  is  prevented  by  its  location 
in  the  government  reserve,  but  when  this  is  thrown 
open  to  settlement  it  must  become  an  important  busi- 
ness center,  for  it  is  surrounded  by  timbered  and  agri- 
cultural lands  that  when  taken  up  and  improved  by 
settlers,  will  contribute  very  materially  to  the  growth 
and  prosperity  of  the  settlement.  Seneaquoteen  is  one 
of  the  oldest  settlements  in  the  county.  The  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  had  a  trading  post  here  in  very  early 

territorial  legislature  creating  Kootenai  county,  S'enea- 
quoteen  was  named  as  the  temporary  county  seat.  No 
county  business  was  ever  transacted  here,  however,  and 
the  settlement  has  remained  a  small  trading  point. 
It  is  thirty  miles  north  of  Rathdrum  and  seven  miles 
southeast  of  La  Clecle.  Andrew  Christenson  is  post- 
master and  proprietor  of  a  general  store.  A  saw  mill 
is  operated  here  by  the  La  Clede  Lumber  Company. 
The  population  is  about  twenty-five. 


CHAPTKR  V. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


kx 


In  this   particular   instance   "Education" 
application   may   be   denned   as   the   foundation   upon 
which  rests  the  magnificent  superstructure  of  Kootenai 
County's    commercial,    political,    educational,    religious 

1  social  institutions.  This  is  true  in  a  double  sense. 
The  journalists,  the  managers  of  the  greater  industrial 


,«1  religious 
mmg  to  the 


ilder- 

ers  by 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  shores  of  its  lakes  and  rivers  and  in  the  midst 
of  its  valley  plains.  Knowing  much  of  the  power  of 
education  and  realizing  the  need  of  intellectual  train- 
ing in  the  varied  walks  of  life,  their  best  thought  and 
their  best  energies  have  been  directed  toward  the  early 
and  permanent  establishmnt  of  good  common  and 
high  schools. 

In  this  age  as  well  as  in  all  ages  of  the  past,  many 
of  the  leaders  in  commercial,  industrial,  political  and 
even  professional  life,  are,  and  have  been,  self-made 
men ;  men  who  in  their  early  manhood  were  deprived 
of  scholastic  advantages.  In  the  active  affairs  of  man 
the  failure  of  many  who  have  had  every  advantage 
of  intellectual  training  has  led  some  to  decry  educa- 
tion. Extremists  have  gone  so  far  as  to  declare  that 
some  men  have  too  much  education.  But  as  the  ma- 
jority of  us  are  practical  men  in  this  age  and  not 
philosophers,  we  do  not  waste  much  time  theorizing 
on  the  advantages  or  disadvantages  of  education,  but 
get  it  if  we  can.  The  efforts  of  instructors  in  pursuing 
"fad"  methods  may  at  times  be  misdirected  and  con- 
sequently fail  in  producing  satisfactory  results  in  the 
training  of  the  student.  Again  the  student  may  be 
in  school  solely  because  of  parental  command  or  en- 
treaty, with  no  aim  or  ambition  to  accomplish  anything 
further  than  the  completion  of  the  course  of  study  in 
any  manner  that  will  speedily  bring  his  school  life  to 
a  close.  No  one  should  expect  such  a  student  to  suc- 
ceed in  after  life.  The  right  instructor  can  accom- 
plish wonderful  results  with  the  right  kind  of  material. 
Kootenai  county  is  an  industrial  community.  The 
spirit  of  the  day  there  as  in  many  other  localities  is 
commercial.  Many  have  come  to  believe  that  the 
capacity  to  make  and  the  genius  to  use  money  consti- 
tute the  full  man ;  but  there  are  many  also  who  believe 
that  these  are  not  all  the  things  that  the  fullness  of  life 
holds.  In  the  ultimate  judgment  it  is  not  wealth,  it 
is  not  power,  it  is  not  even  that  which  the  world  calls 
success  that  really  counts.  Character  is  the  touch- 
stone that  makes  true  greatness.  The  best  citizens  are 
the  men  of  character,  and  when  these  men  have  had 
the  advantages  of  education  they  have  lived  powerful 
and  influential  lives.  While  the  industrial  and  com- 
mercial interests  of  Kootenai  county  are  great  and  the 
citizens  are  deeply  absorbed  in  the  material  develop- 
ment of  its  varied 'resources ;  yet  in  the  rush  and  under 
the  weight  of  business  cares  the  common  and  the 
high  schools  have  not  been  neglected.  In  every  com- 
munity special  pride  has  manifested  itself  in  the  con- 
duct of  the  school.  The  qualifications  of  teachers  have 
always  been  a  matter  for  special  investigation  and  as 
a  consequence  there  exist  as  good  schools  in  Kootenai 
county  as  may  be  found  anywhere  in  the  Northwest. 

Education  in  Kootenai  county  began  at  a  very  early 
date.  The  first  school  in  the  county  was  conducted  at 
the  foot  of  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene,  near  the  present  site 
of  Coeur  d'Alene  City,  in  1842.  It  was  in  truth  a 
sectarian  school  and  in  fact  a  promulgator  of  the 
dogmas  of  Catholicism;  but  it  was  nevertheless  a 
school.  The  pupils  were  Indians  and  the  teacher  a 
Jesuit  missionary,  Father  DeSmet.  In  the  first  chap- 
ter of  the  history  of  this  county  will  be  found  the  de- 


tails concerning  this  school.  From  1842  to  the  present 
time  the  Catholics  have  continuously  maintained  good 
schools  among  the  Indians,  and  at  DeSmet  on  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  reservation,  there  is  now  both  a  boys'  and  a 
girls'  school,  where  both  Indian  and  white  childrea 
may  obtain  a  good  education  under  the  guidance  of 
priests  and  sisters  of  the  Order  of  Providence.  Out  of 
an  Indian  population  of '495  on  this  reservation,  about 
joo  have  received  a  fair  education,  can  read  and  use 
enough  English  to  carry  on  an  intelligent  conversa- 
tion. -These  results  have  been  obtained  after  sixty- 
years  of  earnest  work  on  the  part  of  the  missionaries. 

But  the  Indians  on  the  reservation  do  not  enter 
into  the  intellectual  life  of  the  county  and  it  is  only 
as  a  matter  of  record  that  we  note  the  foregoing  facts. 
The  first  school  .taught  by  a  white  person  was  at 
Rathdrum  during  the  winter  of  1882-83.  Miss  Viola 
Mulkins  was  in  charge  and  she  therefore  has  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  pioneer  teacher  of  Kootenai  coun- 
ty. As  Miss  Mulkins  resigned  before  the  completion 
of  the  term  and  was  succeeded  by  Miss  Kate  Powers, 
the  latter  is  entitled  to  share  with  her  the  honor,  espe- 
cially as  she  continued  to  conduct  the  school  until  the 
building  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  fall  of  1884. 
The  traditional  log  school  house  has  not  played  a  very 
prominent  part  in  the  school  history  of  Kootenai  coun- 
ty. There  have  been  a  few,  particularly  in  the  northern 
part;  but  the  saw  mill  was  a  pioneer  institution  in 
many  of  the  settlements  and  the  necessity  for  the 
log  building  was  obviated. 

In  November,  1883,  one  year  after  the  beginning 
of  the  first  term  of  school  at  Rathdrum,  then  called 
Westwood,  a  school  was  opened  at  Bonner's  Ferry 
by  Mrs.  Martin  Fry.  Mrs.  Fry  taught  ten  pupils  dur- 
ing this  term,  three  of  her  own  children  and  seven  half- 
breed  Kootenai  Indian  children.  The  term  lasted  nine 
months,  and  was  taught  without  compensation.  In  the 
winter  of  1883-4,  children  of  the  new  town  of  Coeur 
d'Alene  attended  school  at  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene,  and 
in  the  winter  of  1884-85,  Isaac  S.  Daly  taught  a  term  '• 
of  school  at  Coeur  d'Alene.  These  were  the  beginnings 
of  the  common  schools  of  Kootenai  county. 

Among  the  first  acts  of  the  county  commissioners, 
after  county  organization,  was  that  of  creating  school 
districts.  The  county  was  divided  approximately  in  • 
half.  Coeur  d'Alene  and  all  territory  south  of  it  was 
called  dstrict  No.  i ;  Rathdrum.  vicinity  and  all  terri- 
tory north  was  called  district  No.  2.  In  1885  the  first 
of  the  new  districts  was  formed,  No.  3  at  Sandpoint, 
and  S.  L.  Smith  was  its  pioneer  teacher. 

Among  the  early  school  superintendents  were  Mark 
M.  Musgrove,  Henry  Melder  and  Miss  Agnew.  In 
the  early  'eighties  a  territorial  law  made  the  probate 
judge  ex  officio  superintendent  of  public  instruction. 
Under  this  law  Probate  Judge  Henry  Melder  served 
almost  continuously  as  school  superintendent  from 
1886  to  1898.  At  the  general  electon  of  1896  Kootenai 
county  cast  759  votes  for,  and  213  votes  against  the 
proposition  to  amend  Art.  XVIII,  Sec.  6,  of  the  state 
constitution  so  as  to  separate  the  offices  of  probate 
judge  and  county  superintendent  of  public  instruction. 
The  amendment  carried  throughout  the  state,  and  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


817 


1898  Daniel  VanDuzer  was  elected  the  first  county 
superintendent  under  the  new  law.  The  first  county 
institute  was  held  at  Rathdrum  November  4th  to  8th, 
1895.  At  this  time  a  Kootenai  County  Teachers'  Asso- 
ciation was  formed,  with  Henry  M elder,  president;  T. 
N.  Creekmur,  first  vice  president;  Louise  Allbaugh, 
second  vice  president;  Christine  Winterbottom,  third 
vice  president;  W.  E.  Edelblute,  secretary.  At  the 
first  institute  the  following  teachers  were  in  attendance : 
A.  E.  Torelle,  T.  N.  Creekmur,  J.  C.  Brady,  Mary 
Spencer,  Grace  Burns,  Louise  Allbaugh,  Margaret 
Buckly,  Agnes  McRae,  F.  V.  Yeager,  George  W. 
Hayes,  Christine  Winterbottom,  W.  S.  Walker,  Oscar 
Sheffield,  Bessie  Butterfield,  Myrtle  Andrews,  T.  H. 
Wilson,  W.  H.  Edelblute.  Mildred  Humes,  Hattie  I. 
Smith,  Eliza  Kercheval,  Anna  Bothwick,  Louise  Pres- 
ton, Thomas  Hydorn,  Ida  Bush,  Mrs.  Jennie  White, 
Minnie  E.  Price,  C.  P.  Hartley,  Mrs.  W.  Wright, 
Lena  Boyce,  Mary  Crockett,  Mrs.  A.  Pierce,  Mane 
Wheatly,  Lulu  Leonardy. 

The  early  school  records  of  the  county  having  been 
burned  with  the  court  records  in  the  Rathdrum  fire 
of  1884,  we  were  unable  to  secure  statistical  informa- 
tion concerning  the  early  schools.  The  records  cov- 
ering the  period  from  1885  to  1893  were  poorly  kept, 
being  confused  with  those  of  the  probate  judge,  and 
it  was  impossible  to  gather  reliable  figures  from  them. 
Even  the  state  superintendent's  office  could  furnish  no 
information  covering  the  period  prior  to  1893.  The 
school  census  of  Kootenai  county,  taken  July  I,  1893, 
showed  a  school  population  of  1,462:  boys,  735,  and 
girls,  727.  Of  these,  906  were  enrolled  in  the  schools 
of  the  various  districts,  which  numbered  at  that  time 
29.  At  that  time  there  were  five  graded  schools  in  the 
county,  located  at  Rathdrum,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Sand- 
point,'  Bonners  Ferry -and  Post  Falls.  Twenty-three 
of  the  twenty-nine  school  houses  occupied  were  owned 
by  the  districts;  the  remaining  six  were  rented  build- 
ings. Forty-one  teachers  were  employed  in  the  schools 
of  the  county  at  an  average  salary  of  $51  each  per 
month.  Of  the  forty-one  teachers,  twelve  were  gen- 
tlemen and  twenty-nine  were  ladies;  salaries  paid  to 
gentlemen  averaged  $53  per  month,  and  to  ladies  $49 
per  month.  Of  the  twenty  teachers'  certificates  issued 
in  1893,  three  were  first  grade,  twelve  second  grade  and 
the  balance  third  grade.  In  the  school  year  ending 
August  31,  1893,  Kootenai  county  paid  to  its  teachers 
$10,167;  for  libraries  and  apparatus,  $955;  for  fuel, 
rent,  and  incidentals,  $5.608:  for  repairs  and  furniture, 
$1,536,  a  total  expenditure  for  the  year  of  $18,266.48. 
The  receipts  for  the  year  were  as  follows :  On  hand 
at  the  beginning  of  the  school  year,  $3,947.14;  collected 
from  all  sources,  $22,  197.59;  total  receipts,  $26,144.73. 
Although  the  county  was  but  ten  years  old,  it  stood 
seventh  in  the  stale  in  point  of  amounts  collected  and 
expended  for  school  purposes.  Although  during  the 
next  school  year  beginning  September  i.  1893,  all  the 
industries  and  commercial  institutions  of  Kootenai 
county  were  paralyzed  by  the  panic  in  financial  centers, 
there  was  no  material  decrease  in  the  receipts  and 
expenditures  fori  school  purposes,  and  the  average 
amount  per  month  paid  to  teachers  was  increased  one 


dollar.  The  enrollment  was  somewhat  less  owing  per- 
haps to  the  hardships  individual  homes  were  forced  to 
endure,  or  to  removals  from  the  county  because  of  the 
depressing  effects  of  the  panic  upon  various  industries ; 
but  on  the  whole  the  school  year  was  a  successful  one 
and  results  were  not  noticeable  below  those  of  the  year 
previous.  Ten  new  districts  were  formed  during  the 
year  and  $1,695  expended  for  new  school  houses  and 
grounds  in  rural  communities.  The  total  valuation  of 
school  property  this  year  was  $33,690. 

There  are  but  two  independent  districts  in  the  coun- 
ty, those  of  Rathdrum  and  Sandpoint ;  but  in  all  the 
larger  and  in  some  of  the  smaller  towns  excellent 
school  buildings  have  been  erected,  some  of  them  at  a 
cost  of  many  thousands  of  dollars,  and  courses  of  study 
have  been  established,  the  successful  completion  of 
which  admits  the  graduate  to  the  lower  classes  of  the 
state  university  at  Moscow  without  examination.  The 
fact  that  many  enter  that  institution  direct  from  the 
public  schools  of  Kootenai  county,  is  a  splendid  en- 
dorsement of  the  work  of  its  teachers  and  an  evidence 
of  the  high  standing  of  the  common  schools  of  the 
county  in  the  long  list  of  educational  institutions  in  the 
state.  It  is  a  matter  of  common  remark  by  visitors 
that  the  schools  of  Kootenai  county  would  be  a  great 
credit  to  a  much  older  community  and  one  much  more 
densely  populated. 

Since  1893  forty-seven  new  districts  have  been 
formed,  making  in  all  seventy-six  districts  at  the  close 
of  the  school  year  in  1902.  For  comparative  purposes 
we  will  give  statistics  for  the  year  1902,  showing  that 
advancement  is  being  made,  in  keeping  with  the  gen- 
eral progress  that  has  been  made  by  all  industries  in 
the  county  during  the  past  few  years.  There  are  now 
seventy-four  school  houses  in  the  seventy-six  districts, 
in  nine  of  which  graded  schools  are  taught.  The 
school  census  of  1902  shows  a  total  school  population 
of  3,149;  of  this  number  1,571  are  boys,  and  1,578  are 
girls.  The  increase  since  1893  is  1,687,  showing  that 
the  school  population  has  more  than  doubled  in  the 
last  ten  years.  The  enrollment  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1902,  was,  in  all  the  schools,  2,821.  showing 
that  328  of  school  age  were  not  enrolled.  Thirty-five 
male  and  eighty-five  female,  or  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
teachers  in  all,  were  employed  at  a  total  cost  to  the 
county  of  $31,142.23,  an  increase  of  $20,975  over  the 
amount  paid  teachers  in  1893.  Text  books  cost  the 
county  $1,378.50  and  libraries  $668.  During  this  year 
there  were  received  from  all  sources  $73,899.42,  of 
which  $3,113  were  raised  by  the  sale  of  bonds  issued 
for  building  purposes.  The  total  bonded  indebtedness  of 
the  county  for  school  purposes  was  $18,750;  estimated 
value  of  school  houses  and  sites,  $59,488 ;  of  school 
apparatus,  $5,410;  of  school  libraries,  $1,502.  and  of 
all'school  property,  $81,378.86. 

The  railroad  mileage  in  Kootenai  county  is  greater 
than  in  any  other  county  in  the  state  and  the  numerous 
school  districts  through  which  the  roads  run  are  con- 
sequently greatly  benefitted  by  amounts  paid  as  taxes 
and  through  the  lessening  of  the  burden  of  taxation 
borne  by  settlers  on  partially  developed  ranches  or 
homesteads.  The  railroads  are  directly  benefiting  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


schools  also  by  developing  the  varied  industries  of  the 
county,  making  it  possible  for  settlers  to  occupy  the 
outlying  sections  and  by  making  all  parts  of  the  county 
accessible  to  the  homeseeker  and  investor  who  comes 
with  his  family  and  with  his  worldly  possessions  to 
become  a  citizen  of  the  county  and  a  patron  of  its 
schools. 

A  state  law  makes  it  obligatory  on  the  part  of 
teachers  to  attend  the  institutes  which  are  held  an- 
nually in  various  parts  of  the  county.  Much  of  the 
success  which  has  always  attended  the  schools  is  no 
doubt  in  a  large  measure  due  to  the  training  instruct- 
ors receive  at  these  gatherings.  The  Kootenai  county 
institute  for  the  year  1902  was  held  at  Coeur  d'Alene, 
beginning  August  i8th  and  continuing  throughout 
the  week.  Seventy  teachers  were  in  attendance  and  the 
session  was  successful  from  a  teacher's  standpoint. 
Interest  in  educational  matters  in  Kootenai  county  is 


not  waning,  on  the  contrary  greater  efforts  are  being 
continually  put  forth  to  raise  the  standard  of  perfection 
in  teacher  and  student ;  while  primary  work  is  not 
being  neglected,  the  higher  education  of  the  youth  is 
receiving  more  attention  than  heretofore,  it  being  con- 
sidered desirable  to  afford  them  home  advantages 
rather  than  to  allow  it  to,  continue  necessary  for  them 
to  go  away  from  home  for  the  higher  work.  The 
public  schools  are  turning  out  young  men  and  women 
who  are  taking  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility 
at  home  and  in  other  localities,  and  these  positions  are 
being  filled  with  credit  and  in  a  manner  to  credit  greatly 
the  institutions  in  which  their  holders  have  received 
their  intellectual  and  moral  training.  Having  been 
well  founded  and  having  the  intelligent  support  of 
all  good  citizens,  the  schools  of  Kootenai  county  are 
destined  to  accomplish  much  for  the  intellectual  and 
moral  advancement  of  its  citizens.  , 


CHAPTER    VI. 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


In  area  Kootenai  county  is  fourth  in  the  state,  with 
5,600  square  miles.  From  its  most  southern  point  to 
the  International  Boundary,  it  is  approximately  140 
miles  long  with  an  average  width  of  40  miles.  Its 
southern  boundary  follows  the  summit  of  the  divide 
between  Palouse  r'iver  in  Latah  county  and  Hangman's 
Creek  in  Kootenai  county.  On  the  east,  the  line  be- 
gins on  the  north  slope  of  Seal's  Butte  at  the  eastern 
terminus  of  the  Thatuna  Hills,  a  low  mountain  range 
extending  east  and  west  through  Latah  county.  From 
this  point  it  dips  into  and  crosses  the  valley  of  the  St. 
Maries  river,  rising  again  on  the  north  to  the  summit 
of  the  divide  between  the  St.  Maries  and  St.  Joe 
rivers.  From  this  divide  to  the  crest  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes,  it  alternately  rises  and  falls  in  crossing  the 
valleys  of  the  St.  Joe  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  rivers 
and  the  dividing  ranges.  From  a  point  on  the  48th 
parallel  of  latitude,  it  moves  southeast  for  about  fifteen 
miles,  along  the  summit  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  moun- 
tains, to  the  Montana  state  line,  when  it  again  turns 
north,  crossing  the  valley  of  Clark's  Fork,  the  crest 
of  the  Cabinet  mountains,  the  valley  of  Kootenai  river, 
and  intersecting  the  International  Boundary  a  short 
distance  west  of  the  n6th  meridian  of  longitude.  In 
traversing  this  region  the  eastern  boundary  line  crosses 
one  of  the  most  mountainous  and  broken  sections  of 
the  northwest,  reaching  its  lowest  elevation  at  Leonia, 
on  the  Kootenai  river,  and  its  highest  on  the  crests 
cf  the  Cabinet  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains.  At 
Leonia  is  located  one  of  the  boundary  stones  between 
Idaho  and  Montana,  a  stone  pillar  six  feet  high,  and 
ten  inches  square  at  the  top.  On  the  east  side  is 


chiseled  the  word  Montana,  and  on  the  west  side, 
Idaho.  The  elevation  of  this  stone  is  1833  feet,  and 
its  distance  from  the  International  Boundary  is  26.64 
miles.  Fifty-four  miles  south  of  the  boundary  is  an- 
other Idaho-Montana  monument,  on  the  summit  of 
the  Cabinets,  with  an  elevation  of  6,780  feet.  July 
9,  1898,  a  state-line  monument  was  erected  on  the 
summit  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains,  70.72  miles 
south  of  the  49th  parallel.  It  has  the  same  dimensions 
as  the  others  but  is  in  ten  sections,  the  sections  having 
been  taken  up  the  trails  on  pack  animals,  and  after- 
ward cemented  and  bolted  together.  The  elevation 
here  is  4,850  feet.  There  are  ninety-two  monuments 
and  posts  between  the  International  Boundary  and  the 
summit  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains,  a  distance 
of  little  more  than  seventy  miles,  four  stone  monu- 
ments and  eighty-eight  iron  posts.  Directly  on  the 
boundary  line  is  a  stone  monument  and  the 'elevation 
given  at  this  point  is  4,505  feet.  The  survey  of  this 
portion  of  the  Idaho-Montana  line  and  the  erecting  of 
the  posts  and  monuments  was  accomplished  by  Rich- 
ard U.  Goode  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey, 
in  the  summer  of  1898. 

In  passing  from  east  to  west,  the  International 
Boundary,  which  forms  also  the  north  line  of  Kootenai 
county,  crosses  the  valley  of  the  Kootenai  river  and 
lies  for  the  remainder  of  the  distance  along  the  north 
slope  of  the  Cabinet  range,  known  locally  as  the  Priest 
River  mountains.  The  point  of  intersection  with  the 
Washington  state  line  is  about  two  miles  west  of  the 
H7th  meridian  of  longitude;  the  north  half  of  the 
county  is,  therefore,  one  degree  of  longitude  in  width. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


8,9 


South  from  the  International  Boundary,  the  west  coun- 
ty line  follows  the  Pend  Oreille  range  of  mountains, 
whose  greatest  elevation  is  between  6,000  and  7,000 
feet,  to  the  valley  of  the  Pend  Oreille  river.  South 
of  this  river  the  divide  between  Pend  Oreille  and 
Spokane  river  is  crossed,  after  which  a  semi-moun- 
tainous tract  is  traversed  until  the  hills  of  the  Palouse 
country  are  reached,  where  the  line  returns  to  the 
point  of  beginning,  a  few  miles  north  of  Farmington, 
Washington.  The  distance  around  the  county  is  fully 
375  miles,  "as  the  crow  flies ;"  following  the  line  in  its 
numberless  and  sharp  depressions  and  elevations,  it  is 
much  farther.  Except  at  intervals  along  the  south  and 
east  boundaries,  the  course  is  through  a  densely  tim- 
bered area,  much  of  it  uninhabited,  some  of  it  almost 
inaccessible,  where  there  are  no  roads  and  but  few 
trails,  a  series  of  wild,  canyon-cleft  ranges,  relieved 
only  by  narrow  river  valleys,  and  an  occasional  plateau, 
differing  from  the  higher  elevations  in  primeval  en- 
vironments only  in  the  absence  of  the  gorge  and  the 
eternal  snow. 

Everywhere  apparent  is  the  geological  fact  that 
Kootenai  county  has  had  a  most  wonderful  physical 
history,  beginning  thousands  of  years  ago,  at  a  period 
when  the  titanic  forces  of  nature  were  holding  high 
carnival  in  the  region  now  occupied  by  the  states  of  the 
Pacific  Northwest.  Geologists  agree  that  at  one  time 
the  foothills  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  range  formed  the 
shore  line  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  In  time  the  Cascade 
Mountains  were  thrown  up,  at  first  in  the  form  of  a 
long,  low  dyke,  but,  by  successive  upheavals  and  erup- 
tions, to  the  present  elevation.  There  was  thus  formed, 
between  the  Cascade  and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  a  vast 
inland  sea,  extending  from  the  ice  fields  of  the  far 
north  to  the  open  sea  in  the  far  south.  Dr.  Thomas 
Condon,  Professor  of  Geology,  University  of  Oregon, 
in  a  recent  work  entitled  "The  Two  Islands,"  asserts 
that  the  Coeur  d'Alene  and  Bitter  Root  mountains 
formed  the  east  shore  of  this  inland  sea.  The  pres- 
ence of  water-worn  pebbles  and  shells  on  the  slopes 
of  the  Cabinet  and  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains  verify  the 
Doctor's  statement. 

During  this  period,  then,  Kootenai  county  must 
have  been  just  "off  shore,"  a  portion  of  it,  in  fact, 
forming  the  pebbly  beach  or  the  rocky  shore  of  the 
sea.  The  presence  of  the  worn  pebbles  and  shells 
high  up  the  mountain  sides  may  not  be  understood  to 
indicate  that  the  waters  approached  the  present  eleva- 
tion of  the  mountains.  During  a  long  period  of  in- 
activity, the  fierce  internal  fires  were  but  gathering 
energy  for  mightier  work.  In  time  the  placid  sur- 
face of  the  adjacent  sea  became  a  surging,  boiling 
tempest,  the  mighty  waves  receding  farther  and  far- 
ther from  the  former  shore  line,  as  the  earth's  crust 
was  thrown  up  in  giant  folds,  higher  and  higher,  until 
the  Rocky  Mountain  system,  embracing  its  western 
spurs  and  ranges,  attained  its  present  elevation.  During 
this  eruptive  period  occurred  the  greatest  lava  flow 
of  all  the  ages.  Not  only  were  the  snowy  peaks  of  the 
Cascades  built  up,  but  the  flow  extended  inland,  to  the 
south  and  to  the  north,  over  the  vast  plains  of  the 
Columbia,  covering  an  area  of  200,000  square  miles 


to  an  average  depth  of  2,000  feet.  The  life  of  the 
inland  sea  was  at  an  end,  and  in  its  stead  was  a  vast 
desert-waste  of  lava.  By  the  lifting  of  the  Cascade 
range  the  warm  Japan  current,  which  had  previously 
washed  the  Rocky  Mountain  slopes  in  its  passage  to 
the  north,  was  turned  from  its  course  and  the  inland 
areas  experienced  a  radical  change  in  temperature.  A 
glacial  era  followed  and  in  many  places  are  discernable 
the  paths  of  these  mighty  ice-floes,  as  in  their  slow 
but  "irresistible  movement  from  north  to  south,  they 
furrowed  and  planed  down  the  broken  face  of  the 
earth's  crust,  scarring  the  mountain  sides,  filling  in  the 
intervening  depths,  and  forming  the  level  and  beau- 
teous valleys  of  the  present.  Far  extending  moraines 
and  wide  glaciated  surfaces  tell  plainly  the  story  of  this 
era.  The  path  of  the  glacier  is  well  marked  in  Koot- 
enai county.  From  north  to  south,  through  the  central 
portion  of  the  county  are  found  the  deposits  and  ac- 
cumulations peculiar  "to  this  period.  From  the  moun- 
tain tops  at  the  head  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille,  the  path 
of  the  ice  mass  is  plainly  visible,  and  some  idea  may 
be  had  of  its  gigantic  proportions  when  it  is  known  that 
beneath  the  surface  of  Rathdrum  prairie  the  moraine 
has  a  depth  of  between  two  and  three  hundred  feet. 

There  is  not  space  here  for  a  technical  description 
of  the  structure  and  elemental  constitution  of  the 
mountains  of  Kootenai  county.  They  are  of  volcanic 
origin  and  many  of  the  loftier  peaks  are  extinct  vol- 
canoes. The  period  of  volcanic  and  seismal  distur- 
bances in  this  region  is  comparatively  recent,  as  evi- 
denced by  the  presence  of  volcanic  ash  on  the  mountain 
summits,  and,  in  places,  the  distibution  over  wide  areas 
of  boulders  and  fragmentary  rock  that  have  been  hurled 
from  the  mountain  sides.  There  have  been  no  special 
geological  surveys  of  these  mountains,  but  in  a  general 
way  government  geologists  have  reported  on  their 
structure  as  a  part  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  system  and 
to  these  works"  the  student  reader  is  referred  for  tech- 
nical information. 

The  mountainous  regions  of  Kootenai  county  have 
been  a  help  and  at  the  present  time  a  hindrance  to  its 
development.  Not  many  years  ago  the  greater  portion 
of  the  county  might  well  have  been  described  as  a 
region  of  wild  and  beautiful  scenery,  untouched  by  the 
industrial  hand  of  man.  The  mountains  were  for  a 
long  time,  and,  in  locations,  are  still  a  hindrance  to 
development,  as  they  have  delayed  road  and  railroad 
building.  For  this  reason  many  localities  are  difficult 
of  access,  are  cut  off  from  good  markets,  and  progress 
along  all  lines  is  consequently  slow.  The  mountains 
have,  however,  been  a  help  in  other  directions,  because 
of  their  mineral  deposits,  which  have  attracted  many 
settlers;  because  of  the  game  in  their  forests,  the  ftsh 
in  their  streams,  and  the  deep  snows  on  their  rugged 
crests.  The  game  and  the  fish  of  the  mountain  regions 
have  induced  many  to  locate  in  the  nearby  valleys,  and 
the  snows  have  been  made  to  serve  practical  purposes 
by  the  construction  of  canals  through  which  the  waters 
of  the  resultant  streams  are  carried  to  the  agricultural 
lands  for  purposes  of  irrigation.  Two  decades  ago 
when  the  Northern  Pacific  was  pushing  through  to  the 
coast,  agriculture  was  in  its  infancy  in  Kootenai  coun-^ 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


ly.  Some  stock  ranged  over  the  valleys  and  in  the 
mountains.  Here  and  there  along  the  streams  might 
be  found  a  small  farm  with  a  very  few  acres  in  grain 
and  potatoes.  But  even  these  small  farms  were  widely 
separated  by  unoccupied  tracts,  and  it  was  not  thought 
possible  to  cultivate  any  but  the  lands  directly  adjacent 
to  the  waterways.  A  revolution  has  been  wrought  in 
these  twenty  years.  During  the  first  decade  progress 
was  slow,  but  in  the  last  ten  years  great  strides  have 
been  made :  it  has  been  demonstrated  that  the  low  lands 
and  the  foothill  slopes  of  Kootenai  county  are  rich 
in  productive  qualities,  and  that  climatic  conditions 
make  easy  of  production  all  kinds  of  grains  and  grasses, 
fruits,  berries  and  vegetables.  In  proportion  to  the 
aggregate  timber,  lake,  and  mountain  areas,  the  per 
cent  of  agricultural  lands  the  county  over  is  com- 
paratively small,  a  liberal  estimate  by  the  best  informed 
being  about  one-fifth  of  the  total  area  of  the  county. 
Agriculture  is  not  and  probably  never  will  be  the  chief 
industry,  but  good  markets  in  ihe  mining  and  timber 
regions  and  in  the  numerous  populous  towns  make 
farming  a  profitable  industry  and  there  are  farm  lands 
enough  to  support  a  large  population.  The  soil  in  the 
smaller  valleys  is  of  volcanic  and  alluvial  origin,  very 
deep  near  the  mountains,  in  many  places  of  a  black 
loam  color  and  sufficiently  rich  in  the  potashes,  phos- 
phates and  silicates  to  assure  success  in  the  cultivation 
of  grains,  vegetables  and  fruits.  In  the  larger  valleys, 
such  as  that  of  the  Spokane  river,  a  soil  composed  of 
vegetable  mould,  silt  and  wash  from  the  adjacent 
mountains,  rests  upon  a  moraine  accumulation  of  great 
depth.  Above  the  glacial  deposits  the  soil  varies  in 
depth,  over  many  wide  areas  the  gravel  and  stones  ap- 

? reaching  within  two  or  three  feet  of  the  surface.  In 
avorable  seasons  excellent  crops  are  produced  on  the 
moraine  prairies,  but  thus  far  efforts  to  irrigate  them 
have  not  met  with  decided  success. 

Climatic  conditions  in  Kootenai  county  are  as  fa- 
vorable to  health  and  to  the  production  of  crops  as 
anywhere  in  the  northwest.  The  winters  are  not  severe 
even  in  the  most  northern  portions  of  the  county  ex- 
cept in  the  high  mountain  "altitudes,  which  are  unin- 
habited. Ice  goes  out  of  the  lower  Kootenai  river 
early  in  February ;  except  in  the  shallower  portions 
Lake  Pend  Oreil'le  never  freezes,  and  it  is  only  dur- 
ing a  short  period  each  winter  that  steamers  do  not 
ply  from  Coeur  d'Alene  up  the  lake  and  the  St.  Joe, 
St.  Maries  and  Coeur  d'Alene  rivers.  The  valleys 
are  protected  by  high  mountain  walls  on  either  side  and 
the  warm  winds  coming  at  intervals  from  "over  Chi- 
nook Camp1'  crowd  many  a  spring-like  day  into  the 
wintry  months.  Pansies  are  frequently  seen  blooming 
on  the  lawns  at  Christmastide  and  it  is  only  upon  the 
smaller  lakes,  with  considerable  elevations  above  the 
valleys,  that  ice  merchants  can  depend  for  the  summer's 
supply  of  the  natural  product.  There  is  always  an 
abundance  of  snow  in  the  mountains,  the  greatest  pre- 
cipitation occurring  on  the  Cabinet  mountains,  on  the 
lofty  crests  at  the  head  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille,  and  on 
the  mountain  divides  between  the  Coeur  d'Alene,  St. 
Joe  and  St.  Maries  rivers.  The  presence  of  the  snow 
,  banks  tempers  the  heat  of  the  summer  months,  which 


is  never  oppressive.  The  valley  and  lake  elevations 
are  comparatively  low  and  this  fact  accounts  in  a 
measure  for  the  pleasant  winters.  They  are  sufficiently 
nigh,  however,  to  insure  the  absence  of  sultry  heat 
in  the  summer,  making  of  almost  every  town  in  the 
county  a  delightful  summer  resort.  Lake  Coeur 
d'Alene  has  an  elevatiori  of  about  2,000  feet,  Lake 
Pend  Oreilie  1,456  feet,  the  town  of  Bonner's  Ferry 
1,600  feet,  Sandpoint  2,119  feet,  Rathdrum  2.216  feet, 
the  town  of  Priest  River  2^170  feet. 

The  development  of  the  agricultural  resources  of 
Kootenai  county  began  about  Heyden  lake  in  the  early 
'eighties.  Locations  were  made  previous  to  this  time, 
but  the  presence  of  heavy  forests  and  the  absence  of 
good  markets  forbade  the  tillage  of  large  areas.  A 
little  later  the  coming  of  the  railroad,  the  establishment 
of  the  mining  camps,  and  the  influx  of  tourists,  sports- 
men and  lumber  companies,  stimulated  the  farmer  to 
activity;  forests  were  cleared,  the  sod  of  the  prairies 
was  turned,  each  year  seeds  were  sown  over  an  in- 
creased acreage  and  the  harvests  began  to  return  richer 
rewards  to  homesteaders.  John  Hager,  now  of  Coeur 
d'Alene,  took  up  a  soldier's  homestead  on  Heyden  lake 
in  1878;  C.  B.  King,  of  the  same  place,  located  in 
the  same  region  at  an  early  date,  and  his  place,  known 
as  the  Avondale  farm,  is  now  one  of  the  best  im- 
proved and  most  desirable  homes  in  the  county.  The 
old  Heyden  place,  at  the  lower  end  of  Heyden  lake, 
was  perhaps  the  scene  of  the  first  attempts  at  systematic 
farming  in  the  county.  This  farm  was  taken  up  by 
Matt  Heyden,  for  whom  the  lake  was  named,  in  1879. 
A  year  or  two  later  the  Gleason  brothers,  John,  James, 
and  Mathew,  located  in  the  same  neighborhood. 
Among  others  who  located  early  in  the  central  portion 
of  the  county  we  may  name  John  Fernan.  on  Fernan 
lake,  just  east  of  Coeur  d'Alene.  1880;  Edwin  Crockett, 
near  Coeur  d'Alene,  1880;  Oliver  Edwards,  stock 
farm,  eighteen  miles  north  of  Rathdrum.  1882:  S.  L. 
Smith  and  John  Crenshaw,  north  of  Rathdrum.  1888; 
Frank  Buckle,  east  of  Rathdrum,  and  M.  B.  Ross,, 
near  Post  Falls.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  county,. 
Richard  and  Martin  Fry  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits in  the  early  days  near  Bonner's  Ferry,  and  twenty 
miles  down  the  Kootenai  valley  from  Bonner's  Ferry,. 
Z.  Montgomery  and  a  few  others  had  hay  and  stock 
ranches  and  cultivated  small  patches  to  supply  local 
demands  for  vegetables.  In  the  earlier  days  the  only 
markets  were  the  military  posts  at  Fort  Colville,  Fort 
Walla  Walla  and  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene.  In  1880  the 
following  prices  were  paid  for  supplies  at  Colville  and 
Coeur  d'Alene:  Oats.  2j4  cents  per  pound;  hay,  $16- 
per  ton;  straw,  $12  per  ton;  barley,  one  dollar  per 
hundred  pounds;  dry  wood,  $3.35  per  cord;  green 
wood,  $2.95  per  cord".  In  1885,  according  to  tne  as- 
sessor's summary,  the  value  of  homesteaded  and  pat- 
ented lands  in  Kootenai  county,  together  with  the 
improvements  thereon,  was  placed  at  $205,693.50,  and 
the  total  tax  collection  for  the  year  was  $10,222.94. 
In  1887  the  assessment  roll  had  increased  to  $966.000. 
This  increase,  however,  was  not  due  so  much  to  ad- 
vancement of  farming  industries  as  to  the  increase  of 
railroad  mileage  and  the  establishment  of  saw  mills.. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


The  advance  in  agriculture  and  stock  raising  may 
be  better  appreciated  by  the  review  of  some  statistics 
taken  from  assessor's  returns  for  later  years.  In  1898 
there  were  in  Kootenai  county  4,567  cattle,  2,430  horses 
and  1906  sheep.  In  1899  there  were  40,92.)  acres  in 
farms  and  stock  ranches,  patented,  and  valued  for 
purposes  of  taxation  at  $608,037.  The  value  of  sheep, 
cattle  and  horses  in  the  county  was  $169.482.  In  1901 
the  taxable  value  of  stock,  which  was  far  below  the 
actual  market  value,  was  $184,058.  This  increased  in 
1902  to  $213,310.  In  this  year  there  were  820,771 
acres  of  patented  lands,  valued  with  improvements  at 
over  one  million^  dollars.  There  were  6,812  cattle  and 
2,474  horses.  No  record  has  been  kept  of  the  aggre- 
gate yield  of  grains,  vegetables  and  fruits  for  any  year, 
hence  we  are  unable  to  give  accurate  information  con- 
cerning the  yearly  output.  From  the  report  for  1900 
by  C.  J.  Bassett,  Commissioner  of  Immigration  for 
the  State  of  Idaho,  we  learn  that  the  county  produced 
50,000  bushels  of  grain.  This  was  an  estimate  only, 
but  is  probably  approximately  correct.  Agriculture 
and  horticulture  have  kept  pace  with  the  stock  industry 
and  there  has  been  a  constant  increase  in  acreage  de- 
voted to  the  production  of  grains  and  fruits  with  a 
proportionate  increase  in  returns. 

Interest  in  fruit  culture  began  almost  contempora- 
neously with  the  breaking  of  the  sod  for  grain  and 
vegetable  raising.  In  the  valley  lands  and  on  the  slopes 
of  the  foothills,  fruit  does  exceptionally  well,  and  its 
culture  is  fast  becoming  one  of  the  leading  industries. 
Within  a  radius  of  ten  miles  from  Coeur  d'Alene,  up  - 
wards  of  30,000  trees  are  growing  and  bearing.  On  the 
C.  H.  Back  place  alone  there  are  over  7,000  trees. 
There  are  one  hundred  orchards  in  the  county  con- 
taining more  than  500  trees  each.  The  peach  orchard 
of  B.  M.  Ross,  near  Post  Falls,  contains  1000  trees. 
Among  other  bearing  orchards  are  those  of  S.  L. 
Smith,  2,600  trees;  D.  W.  Ross,  sixty  acres;  John 
B.  Leiburg,  3,000  trees;  Thomas  Fitzsimmons,  18 
acres ;  A.  D.  Robinson  and  M.  Bacon,  20  acres.  These 
are  only  a  few  of  the  many  orchards  in  the  central 
portion  of  the  county,  on  the  prairie  and  on  the  shores 
to  Lake  Pend  Oreiile,  Heyclen  Lake,  Fish  Lake  and 
Lake  Coeur  d'Alene.  In  the  valley  of  the  Pend 
Oreiile  river  orchards  are  owned  by  Henry  Keyser, 
Lyman  Markham,  Mrs.  Cramer,  John  Fox,  J.  C.  Fin- 
stead  and  others.  In  the  Kootenai  valley:  Z.  Mont- 
gomery, W.  T.  McNear,  Fry  Bros.,  Charles  Edwards, 
Empey  Bros.,  and  a  number  of  others  are  engaged  in 
fruit  culture.  In  the  valleys  of  the  St.  Joe  and  St. 

witnesses  additions  to  the  acreage  so  cultivated.  Soil 
and  seasons  are  favorable  in  Kootenai  county  to  di- 
versified farming  and  scarcely  any  of  the  farmers  are 
confining  themselves  to  specialties.  As  an  example  of 
the  possibilities  of  the  soil  we  may  cite  the  exhibition 
made  by  Clem  King  at  the  market  fair  held  at  Coeur 
d'Alene,  October  23,  24,  1895.  It  consisted  of  varieties 
of  apples,  plums,  pears,  peaches,  strawberries  (ripe 
and  still  clinging  to  the  vines),  currants,  grapes,  pre- 
serves, butter,  eggs,  cheese,  vegetables,  pumpkins, 
squashes,  hay,  straw,  wheat  and  oats. 


Dairying  has  always  been  a  profitable  industry  in 
Kootenai  county  and  is  becoming  more  so  as  the  towns 
build  up,  the  other  industries  are  developed  and  the 
markets  and  transportation  facilities  improve.  There 
is  a  number  of  dairies  along  the  west  branch  of  Priest 
river,  about  Coeur  d'Alene  lake  and  on  the  St.  Joe  and 
St.  Maries  rivers.  A  cheese  factor}-  has  been  in  suc- 
cessful operation  for  a  number  of  years  at  St.  Maries 
and  is  now  owned  by  William  and  Joseph  Cole  and 
Joseph  Fisher. 

Besides  the  government  mill  on  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
Indian  reservation,  there  is  but  one  flouring  mill  in  the 
county.  It  is  located  on  the  Spokane  river  at  Post 
Falls.  Full  particulars  concerning  this  enterprise  will' 
be  found  in  the  article  on  the  history  of  that  town. 

The  effects  of  irrigation  have  not  thus  far  been 
fully  demonstrated  in  Kootenai  count}-.  Many  farmers 
have  irrigated  small  tracts  from  private  ditches,  in 
some  cases  obtaining  satisfactory  results,  and  in  others 
failing  on  account  of  the  near  approach  to  the  surface 
soil  of  the  gravel  beds  into  which  the  water  filters 
rapidly.  Since  1899  systematic  efforts  have  been  made 
to  irrigate  portions  of  Rathdrum  prairie.  In  July, 
1899,  three  water  rights  were  filed  with  the  county 
recorder  by  W.  L.  Benham,  of  Spokane,  and  a  party  o'f 
civil  engineers  was  placed  in  the  field  to  make  pre- 
liminary surveys.  D.  C.  Corbin  was  behind  the  enter- 
prise which  was  promised  good  support  by  the  settlers 
on  the  prairie.  The  rights  embraced  the  water  of  Hey- 
den,  Fish,  and  Sucker  lakes.  The  ditch  from  Heyden 
lake  was  to  be  fifteen  miles  in  length  with  a  capacity 
of  500  cubic  feet  of  water  per  second.  The  surveyed 
route  for  this  ditch  was  west  from  the  lake  along  the 
dividing  line  between  townships  51  and  52  north, 
range  3  west  of  Boise  meridian,  and  it  was  proposed 
to  irrigate  lands  on  either  side  of  this  line.  The  line 
surveyed  for  the  Fish  lake  ditch  was  twenty  miles  long 
and  it  was  proposed  to  irrigate  with  it  the  two  lower 
tiers  of  sections  in  township  52  north,  range  4,  west  of 
Boise  meridian.  The  capacity  of  the  ditch  was  to  be 
the  same  as  that  from  Heyden  lake.  From  Sucker 
lake  it  was  proposed  to  construct  a  canal  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  200  cubic  feet  of  water  per  second.  It  was 
to  be  ten  miles  long  and  to  irrigate  a  region  west  of 
Rathdrum.  Meetings  of  citizens  of  Rathdrum  and 
farmers  of  that  vicinity  were  held,  committees  were 
appointed  to  confer  with  the  ditch  company  and  with 
settlers  along  the  routes  surveyed;  great  interest  was 
taken  in  the  enterprise  which  promised  early  and  suc- 
cessful consummation.  Various  circumstances  have 
interfered  with  the  completion  of  these  canals,  but 
plans  have  not  been  materially  changed  and  many  be- 
lieve that  complete  success  will  crown  the  efforts  to 
irrigate  the  prairie.  Irrigation  is  not  necessary  here 
to  the  production  of  fair  crops  in  favorable  years  and 
in  some  seasons  precipitation  is  sufficient  for  the  pro- 
duction of  excellent  yields  of  grains  and  vegetables.  If, 
however,  an  unfailing  supply  of  water  can  be  brought 
to  the  prairie  it  will  insure' enormous  yields  and  will 
double  land  values  through  the  whole  valley.  The 
Fish  lake  ditch  is  now  five  miles  long  and  work  on  it 
is  being  continued.  The  Heyden  lake  ditch  is  also 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


under  way.  The  company  owning  these  ditches,  and 
of  which  D.  C.  Corbin  is  president,  is  known  as  the 
Spokane  Valley  Irrigation  Co.  Another  company  has 
recently  been  formed,  the  Valley  Improvement  Co., 
which  proposes  to  irrigate  a  tract  of  over  6,000 


i  the  Rathdrum  prairie,  north  of  the  Spokane  river 
and  joining  the  Washington  state  line.  The  men  be- 
hind this  enterprise  are  J.  K.  Smith,  president  of  'the 


Washington  Grain  and  Milling  company;  Charles  W. 
Clark  and  Jas.  C.  Cunningham,  all  of  Spokane;  B.  S. 
Waclsworth.  vice-president  of  the  Franklin  county 
bank  at  Connell,  and  J.  H.  Edwards,  vice-president  of 
the  Conrad  National  Bank  of  Kalispell,  Mont.  Mr. 
Cunningham  is  president,  Mr.  Wadsworth,  vice-presi- 
dent, and  Mr.  Clark  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
company,  which  has  a  paid  in  capital  of  $60,000.  It 
is  proposed  to  bring  water  to  this  section  from  Fish 
lake  through  the  ditch  now  being  constructed  by  the 
Spokane  Vallev  Irrigation  Co.  As  has  been  stated 
there  are  differences  of  opinion  among  the  farmers  as 
to  the  possibility  of  irrigating  the  prairie,  but  if  ex- 
periments soon  to  be  made  prove  successful,  this  will 
speedily  become  one  of  the  richest  valleys  in  the  north- 
west. 

Perhaps  the  richest  agricultural  lands  in  Kooteriai 
county  arc  found  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Indian  reserva- 
tion. In  this  tract  are  approximately  400,000  acres, 
the  greater  portion  of  which  is  cultivable.  It  is  occu- 
pied at  present  by  a  total  Indian  population  of  717, 
divided  as  follows:  Adult  male  Spokane  Indians  46, 
female  Spokanes  37,  children  of  the  same  tribe,  12; 
adult  Coeur  d'Alene  male  Indians  250,  female  Coeur 
d'Alenes  245,  Coeur  d'Alene  children,  127.  Besides 
the  Indians  there  is  a  small  number  of  whites,  mis- 
sionaries and  sisters  of  charity  engaged  in  church  and 
school  work  at  De  Smet.  Charles  O.  Worley,  U.  S. 
Sub  Indian  Agent,  also  resides  at  De  Smet.  Of  the 
reservation  lands  101,000  acres  are  under  fence  and 
over  30,000  acres  are  under  cultivation.  The  Coeur 
d'Alenes  are  good  traders  and  average  farmers.  Statis- 
tics show  that  130  of  their  number  can  read  and  160 
can  use  enough  English  for  ordinary  conversation. 
Two  hundred  and  thirty-two  frame  dwellings  are  oc- 
cupied by  the  Indians  and  their  families.  In  1902 
there  were  actually  cultivated  by  the  Indians  30,750 
acres,  from  which  they  produced  122,000  bushels  of 
wheat,  130,000  bushels  of  oats,  barley  and  rye,  18,000 
bushels  of  vegetables,  and  3,000  tons  of  hay.  There 
are  owned  by  the  Indians,  2,760  horses,  1,540  cattle, 
1,100  swine  and  2,800  domestic  fowls.  In  1892  the 
government  erected  a  saw  mill  and  flouring  mill  about 
ten  miles  northeast  of  De  Smet  and  six  miles  east  of 
the  Washington  state  line.  These  mills  cost  about 
$14,000  and  were  erected  expressly  for  the  Indians, 
where  all  their  sawing  and  grinding  is  done  free  of 
charge.,  The  expense  of  running  the  mills  is  paid  from 
funds  in  possession  of  the  government  belonging  to 
the  Indians.  The  flouring  mill  has  a  capacity  of 
twenty-five  barrels  and  the  sawmill  ten  thousand  feet 
of  lumber  per  day.  They  are  operated  by  steam  and 
have  thirty  and  twenty-five  horsepower,  respectively. 
From  the  statistics  given  above,  which  are  taken  from 


the  government  reports,  it  will  be  seen  that  fully 
seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  lands  of  the  reservation 
is  unoccupied  by  the  Indians.  In  his  last  report  to  the 
government,  U.  S.  Indian  Agent  Albert  M.  Anderson 
says :  "The  Coeur  d'Alene  tribe  is  comparatively  well 
advanced  and  well  to  do.  The  reservation  which  they 
occupy  is  a  fertile  and  valuable  piece  of  territory  sur- 
rounded by  a  progressive  white  community.  These 
Indians  should  have  their  lands  allotted  to  them  in 
severally  and  be  thrown  on  their  own  resources  as 
promptly  as  possible."  While  the  tribe  is  self  support- 
ing, receiving  no  aid  whatever  from  the  government, 
the  unoccupied  portion  of  the  reservation  should  cer- 
tainly be  thrown  open  to  the  homeseeker  as  the  Indians 
do  not  need  it  and  cannot  possibly  utilize  it.  Doubt- 
less it  is  only  a  question  of  a  short  time  until  this 
action  will  be  taken,  thereby  adding  very  materially  to 
the  agricultural  wealth  of  Kootenai  county. 

Kootenai  county's  greatest  source  of  wealth  is  the 
lumber,  pole  and  tie  industries.  In  the  northern  part 
of  the  county  is  one  of  the  greatest  areas  of  unbroken 
timber  ever  found  on  the  continent.  It  covers 
2,600  square  miles.  Other  areas  of  dense 
forests  are  found  in  the  valleys  of  the  Priest  and 
Pend  Oreille  rivers,  along  the  St.  Joe,  St.  Maries 
and  Coeur  d'Alene  rivers,  and  upon  the  uplands  bor- 
dering all  these  valleys  and  surrounding  all  the  lakes 
in  the  county  much  of  this  timber  is  far  back  from 
present  railway  lines,  lumber  mills  and  markets.  It 
is  estimated  that  it  will  require  at  least  forty  years  to 
manufacture  into  lumber  the  forests  of  Kootenai 
county.  Small  saw  mills  were  put  up  in  the  county 
very  early  in  the  eighties,  the  first  being  those  of  O.  1 
A.  Dodge  at  the  outlet  of  Fish  lake  and  Frederick 
Post  at  Rathdrum,  both  built  in  1882.  For  more  than 
a  decade  following  the  organization  of  the  county  the 
lumber  industry  made  but  little  progress.  During  the 
past  four  or  five  years,  however,  it  has  pushed  to  the 
front  by  leaps  and  bounds.  Besides  several  small  mills 
that  supply  local  demands  there  are  now  upward-;  of 
twenty  large  mills,  some  of  them  capitalized  at  8500,- 
ooo.  The  larger  mills  are  located  at  Coeur  d'Alene,  j 
Harrison,  Sand  Point.  Priest  River  and  Bonner's  I 
Ferry,  and  have  various  capacities,  ranging  from  25.- 
ooo  to  150,000  feet  of  lumber  per  day.  These  mills  ] 
have  been  built  by  eastern  capital  principally  although 
considerable  stock  is  held  by  citizens  of  the  various 
towns  where  they  are  located.  Each  company  has 
secured  title  from  the  Northern  Pacific  Railrord  Co., 
and  from  private  individuals,  to  immense  ar^as  of 
timber  land,  insuring  permanency  of  the  industry  and 
with  improved  facilities  for  handling  logs,  a  continual 
increase  in  the  mill  products.  Among  the  larger  cor- 
porations are  the  Weyerhaeuser  Syndicate,  operating 
principally  at  Sandpoint  and  Pries't  River,  the  Stern 
Lumber  Co.  and  the  Bonner  Co..  pt  Bonner's  Ferry; 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  Lumber  Co.,  the  Howard  Lumber 
Co.,  the  Empire  Lumber  Co.,  at  Coeur  d'Alene:  the 
Grant  and  the  Cameron  Cos.,  at  Harrison :  the  Priest 
River  Co.  and  the  White  Pine  Co.,  at  Priest  River :  and 
the  Idaho  Lumber  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  at  Post 
Falls.  In  the  histories  of  the  various  towns  of  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


823 


county  will  be  found  particulars  concerning  these  and 
other  plants.  In  order  to  facilitate  the  handling  of 
logs  from  the  heavily  timbered  sections  a  number  of 
franchises  have  been  granted  companies  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  streams.  Among  these  is  a  franchise 
granted  the  Weyerhaeuser  Co.,  for  the  improvement 
of  Priest  river,  and  another  to  the  St.  Joe  Improvement 
Co.  for  clearing  Santa  Creek,  St.  Joe  and  St.  Maries 
rivers  of  obstructions,  thereby  opening  a  passage  way 
for  logs  into  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  from  the  timbered 
region  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  county.  There 
is  every  indication  that  the  lumber  industry  will  con- 
tinue to  grow  in  Kootenai  county,  and  its  growth  will 
not  only  keep  a  vast  amount  of  capital  in  circulation, 
thus  bringing  prosperity  to  the  people  of  the  numer- 
ous communities  where  mills  are  operated,  but  it  will 
clear  and  open  large  areas  of  valuable  farming  and 
grazing  lands  for  profitable  development. 

That  there  are  rich  deposits  of  the  precious  metals 
in  Kootenai  county  is  a  well  established  fact,  although 
there  are  at  present  but  few  producing  mines.  Much 
of  the  county  is  yet  a  mountain  wilderness  which  none 
but  the  early  argonaut  has  penetrated.  The  ranchers 
have  made  their  homes  in  the  valleys ;  the  lumbermen 
have  visited  the  low  foothills  of  the  ranges,  which  are 
covered  with  merchantable  timber,  but  the  higher  al- 
titudes of  the  rugged  fastnesses  yet  remain  to  be  ex- 
plored by  the  prospector.  On  the  slopes  of  the  lower 
timbered  foothills,  however,  and  along  the  margins  of 
the  valleys,  many  discoveries  have  been  made  of  great- 
er or  lesser  value.  The  first  discoveries  were  made 
many  years  ago.  It  is  said  that  French  Canadian 
trappers  found  gold  in  the  Pend  Oreille  river  in 
1852,  and  in  1854,  we  are  told,  gold  was  found  near 
the  same  place,  by  General  Lander  while  exploring  a 
route  for  a  military  road  east  from  the  Columbia  river. 
The  first  authentic  record  is  that  of  discoveries  made 
by  members  of  the  party  who  assisted  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  Mullan  road  in  1858  and  1859.  In  a 
letter  dated  Washington,  D.  C,  June  4,  1884,  and  ad- 
dressed to  A.  F.  Parker,  now  of  Grangeville,  Idaho, 
Captain  Mullan  says:  "I  am  not  at  all  surprised  at 
the  discovery  of  numerous  rich  gold  deposits  in  your 
mountains,  because  both  on  the  waters  of  the  St'  Jo- 
seph and  the  Coeur  d'Alene,  when  there  many  years 
ago,  I  frequently  noticed  vast  masses  of  quartz  strew- 
ing the  ground  particularly  on  the  St.  Joseph  river, 
and  wide  veins  of  quartz  projecting  at  numerous  points 
along  the  line  of  my  road  up  the  Coeur  d'Alene,  all  of 
which  indicated  the  presence  of  gold.  Nay,  more:  I 
now  recall  quite  vividly  the  fact  that  one  of  my. herd- 
ers and  hunters,  a  man  by  the  name  of  Morse,  coming 
into  camp  one  day  with  a  handful  of  coarse  gold, 
which  he  said  he  found  on  the  waters  of  the  north 
fork  of  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  river  while  out  hunting  for 
our  expedition.  This  was  in  1858  or  1859.  The  mem- 
bers of  my  expedition  were  composed  very  largely  of 
old  miners  from  California,  and  having  had  more  or 
less  experience  in  noticing  the  indications  of  mineral 
deposits,  their  universal  verdict  was  that  the  entire 
country,  from  Coeur  d'  Alene  lake  on  toward  and  in- 
cluding the  east  slope  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  was  one 


vast  gold  bearing  country,  and  I  was  always  nervous 
as  to  the  possible  discovery  of  gold  along  the  line  of 
my  road  ;  and  I  am  nowfrank  to  say  that  I  did  nothing 
to  encourage  its  discovery  at  that  time,  for  I  feared 
that  any  rich  discovery  would  lead  to  a  general  stamp- 
ede of  my  men  from  my  expedition,  and  thus  destroy 
the  probable  consummation  of  my  work  during  the 
time  within  which  I  desired  to  complete  the  same." 
Since  the  discovery  of  gold  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 

have  been  thoroughly  prospected.  The  most  promis"- 
ing  and  valuable  mines  are  located  near  Lakeview  on 
Fend  Oreille  lake;  in  the  Black  Tail  mountain  re- 
gion east  of  Sandpoint  ;  on  Boulder  creek  in  the  north- 
east part  of  the  county,  and  near  Tyson  in  the  south- 
east. In  other  regions,  however,  good  assays  have 
been  obtained,  and  development  work  continues. 
Among  these  locations  are  Porthill,  Mica  Bay,  Ander- 
son mountain,  Priest  River,  Medimont,  Wold  Lodge, 
Rathdrum  mountain  and  Heyden  lake.  In  the  Lake- 
view  region  the  Weber.  Keep  Cool  and  Conjecture 
mines  are  well  known  properties.  The  Weber  mines 
were  discovered  in  1888  by  Billy  Bell  and  others  while 
prospecting  for  Fred  Weber  and  S.  P.  Donnelly.  The 
Keep  Cool,  now  owned  by  Thomas  Griffith  and  others, 
Spokane,  was  discovered  in  1888  by  W.  Franklin  and 
Harry  T.  Steffey.  The  Conjecture  was  located  in  1894 
by  Charles  Graham.  These  have  all  been  paying  en- 
terprises and  it  is  said  that  $75,000  were  taken  from 
the  Keep  Cool  in  three  years'  development  work. 
Silver,  copper  and  gold  are  found  here.  In  1890  C. 
P.  Price  discovered  a  mine  of  free  milling  silver  ore 
on  the  west  side  of  Pend  Oreille  lake  from  which 
one  specimen  assayed  400  oz.  and  another  1  28  oz.  per 
ton.  The  property  was  sold  to  Joseph  Clark,  a  mining 
man  of  Butte,  Montana,  for  $20.000.  In  the  Black 
Tail  region,  northeast  of  Sandpoint,  the  Mexico,  owned 
by  Wisconsin  people  and  managed  by  James  Fergu- 
son, is  a  valuable  mine  from  which  assays  have  been 
made  showing  upwards  of  $80  per  ton  'in  silver  and 
gray  copper.  From  the  B.  F.  &  H.  mine  in  the  same 
locality,  J.  A.  Evans,  the  owner,  netted  from  one  ship- 
ment of  18  tons  of  silver  ore,  $6,000,  and  from  another 
shipment  of  16  tons,  $3,280.  Other  claims  here  are 
bringing  in  fair  returns!  In  the  Yank  mining  district 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  are  the'  Btickhorn, 
Hoosier  Boy.  Boston,  Keystone.  Scout.  Lucky  Three, 
and  other  mines.  In  February,  1901,  the  Btickhorn, 
owned  by  I.  J.  Brant,  Joseph  King,  Charles  Ewing 
and  Dav'id  Langlcy,  was  sold  to  G.  P.  Mulcahy  of 
Spokane,  and  associates,  for  $100,000.  On  Boulder 
creek,  eight  miles  above  Bonner's  Ferry,  some  placer 
mining  was  done  by  returning  Wild  Horse  prospectors, 
as  early.  as  1867.  "in  1884,  H.  H.  Markley.  of  Cedar 
Falls,  Iowa,  had  the  placer  grounds  thoroughly  tested, 
but  found  they  could  not  be  worked  at  a  profit  be- 
cause of  .immense  boulders,  difficult  to  handle.  He 
then  located  some  quartz  claims.  In  the  spring  of  the 
same  year  Sandy  Morrow  discovered  the  Eureka  a 


the  Kate  Fry 
Considerable   wire 
taken  from  these 


nd 

s  which  he  sold  to  Richard  Fry. 
r  and  galena  ore  have  been 
and  from  the  Homestead  and 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Ebba,  located  later.  In  the  winter  of  1888  the  Granite 
creek  mines  were  discovered  and  a  great  deal  of  de- 
velopment work  has  been  done»there.  The  mines  yield 
a  high  grade  of  galena  ore  and  have  assayed  besides, 
eight  to  twenty  dollars  in  gold.  Last  winter  John 
Edgar  and  Retzer  Bros,  bonded  the  Independence 
group  to  Glass  and  Winthrope  for  $35,000.  Near 
Clark's  Fork  there  are  several  good  silver  and  lead 
prospects.  North  and  East  of  Hope  considerable  pros- 
pecting has  been  done  and  some  promising  claims  lo- 
cated. A  prospect  discovered  by  Harry  Oxer  fourteen 
years  ago  is  now  being  developed  by  Mr.  Oxer,  Brandt 
Bros.,  and  others  who  have  organized  the  Concord 
Mining  Co.  The  Coeur  d'Alene  Mining  Co.,  of  which 
J.  W.  Phillipps  is  president,  F.  H.  Bradbury,  vice- 
president,  and  S.  G.  Soule,  treasurer,  has  done  some 
development  work  on  a  group  of  claims  near  Heyden 
lake.  The  group  includes  five  claims,  Phillipps  No. 
i,  Phillipps  No.  2,  Daisy,  Ellen  and  Gordon,  from 
which  assays  have  shown  from  $11  to  $16  per  ton  in 
gold,  besides  a  small  per  cent,  of  silver.  Claims  were 
located  here  fifteen  years  ago  but  until  recently  not 
much  work  has  been  done  on  them.  Good  assays  of 
gold  and  copper  have  been  obtained  from  prospects  in 
Rathdrum  mountain.  In  December,  1902,  Samuel 
Gompers,  living  two  miles  east  of  Rathdrum  obtained 
an  assav  of  $60  in  gold  per  ton,  from  a  sample  of 
black  sand  taken,  at  a  depth  of  seven  feet,  from  the 
side  of  a  well  that  was  being  dug  on  his  place.  In  the 
Mica  Bay  mines,  seven  miles  south  of  Coeur  d'Alene, 
assays  running  from  $5  to  $60  per  ton  in  gold  and 
silver,  have  been  obtained.  In  the  Priest  River  dis- 
trict G.  W.  Armstrong,  C.  D.  Cunningham,  A.  L.  and 
A.  J.  Marsten,  J.  E.  Peterkin  and  others,  own  claims 
north  of  the  town.  The  Medimont  district  on  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  river  has  been  prospected  for  10  years ; 
but  little  work  has  been  done  here,  however,  until  the 
past  two  years ;  splendid  assays  have  been  obtained  in 
gold  and  silver  and  it  is  regarded  as  a  promising  dis- 
trict. At  -Anderson  mountain,  a  few  miles  east  of  Har- 
rison, several  mines  have  been  opened,  the  Waters 
Mining  and  Manufacturing  Co.  owning  twenty-two 
claims.  Of  this  company.  Nathan  Bowers  of  St.  Paul, 
is  president  and  P.  T.  Wagner,  secretary.  The  latest 
discovered  and  probably  the  most  valuable  mines  are 
on  Santa  Creek,  in  Camas  Cove,  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  the  county.  This  is  known  as  the  Tyson  min- 
ing region  and  particulars  concerning  discovery  and 
development  wil  be  found  in  the  chapter  on  towns. 
Other  prospects  have  been  opened  on  Hagus  creek, 
twelve  miles  above  the  head  of  navigation  on  St.  Joe 
river  by  Daniel  Davis  and  others.  For  handling  ores, 
mills  are  being  put  up  in  the  Tyson  region  and  at 
Lakeview.  At  Sandpoint,  on  a  site  just  east  of  the 
Humbird  Lumber  Company's  mill,  preparations  are 
being  made  for  the  erection  of  a  smelter  to  handle  the 
ores  from  the  Lakeview,  Black  Tail  and  other  regions. 
H.  M.  Williams  is  the  promoter  and  general  superin- 
tendent of  the  enterprise.  Other  officers  are  Jacob 
Hines,  Minneapolis,  president:  M.  A.  Murphy,  St. 
Paul,  vice-president ;  W.  E.  Nelson,  Denver,  secretary 
and  manager:  Paul  Johnson  has  the  contract  for  the 


building  of  the  works.  Two  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars  will  be  expended  on  the  smelter,  and  in  the 
purchase  of  boats  and  tugs  for  handling  the  business 
from  the  mines.  Several  groups  of  mines  have  also 
been  purchased  by  the  company  which  will  be  ready  by 
fall  to  commence  operations.  The  erection  of  this 
smelter  will  aid  very  materially  in  the  development  of 
yll  mining  properties  in  the  north  end  of  the  county 
and  will  make  of  many  a  prospect,  a  valuable  mine. 

Owing  to  the  remoteness  of  several  mineral  loca- 
tions it  will  be  some  time  before  all  sections  reach  the 
highest  state  of  development  as  the  cost  of  transport- 
ing the  ores  at  the  present  time  is  too  great  to  admit  of 
profitable  investment  in  such  properties.  Although 
transportation  facilities  are  lacking  in  a  few  sections, 
the  county  as  a  whole  is  remarkably  well  equipped  with 
means  of  reaching  the  markets  and  mills  not  only  with 
the  products  of  the  mines,  but  with  those  of  all  other 
industries.  There  are  256  miles  of  navigable  lakes  and 
rivers.  These  include  Lake  Pend  Oreille,  Lake 
Coeur  d'Alene,  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  river  from  Harri- 
son to  Cataldo  or  Old  Mission,  the  St.  Joe  river  from 
its  mouth  to  St.  Joe,  and  the  Kootenai  river  from  the 
International  Boundary  to  Bonner's  Ferry.  In  the 
matter  of  railroads  Kootenai  has  more  than  any  other 
county  in  the  state,  aggregating  260  miles,  divided  as 
follows:  Great  Northern,  81  miles;  Northern  Pacific, 
84  miles ;  Couer  d'Alene  Branch,  14  miles ;  O.  R.  & 
N.,  55  miles;  Kootenai  Valley,  26  miles.  There  are 
250  miles  of  Western  Union  telegraph,  and  about  125 
miles  of  telephone  lines.  In  addition  to  the  railroads 
already  built  across  the  county,  several  others  are 
projected.  Last  winter  the  Spokane  &  Kootenai 
Railroad  was  incorporated  by  D.  C.  Corbin  and  ex- 
Senator  George  Turner,  of'  Spokane,  Jacob  Furth. 
president  of  the  Puget  Sound  National  Bank,  of  Seat- 
tle, and  Charles  S.  Bihler,  of  Tacoma,  formerly 
assistant  chief  engineer  of  the  Northern  Pacific  rail- 
road. The  capital  stock  of  the  company  was  placed 
at  $3,000,000.  The  route  to  be  followed  by  this  road, 
over  which  some  preliminary  lines  have  been  run,  is 
from  Spokane  to  Rathdrum:  thence  north  to  the 
Seneaquoteen  ferry  on  Pend  Oreille  river;  thence  to 
the  town  of  Priest  River ;  thence  northeast  to  Bonner's 
Ferry  and  up  the  Kootenai  river  to  the  mouth  of  Movie 
creek;  thence  up  Movie  creek  to  the  International 
Boundary.  This  route  is  over  the  old  historic  trail 
used  forty  years  ago  by  placer  miners  on  their  way  to 
the  Pend  Oreille  country  and  to  the  Wild  Horse 
region  in  British  Columbia.  Another  line  is  said  to 
have  been  surveyed  by  the  O.  R.  &  N.  from  Rockford, 
Washington,  through  the  thickly  timbered  land  section 
in  the  western  part  of  Kootenai  county  to  Coeur 
d'Alene.  The  Coeur  d'Alene  and  Spokane  Electric 
Ry.,  of  which  F.  A.  Blackwell  is  president  and  A. 
Bettis  manager,  is  already  under  headway.  The  sur- 
veys have  been  made  by  Chief  Engineer  J.  C.  White 
and  the  contract  for  the  grading  of  the  road  bed  has 
been  let  to  M.  D.  Wright  and  S.  A.  Eslick,  of  Spokane. 
The  road  will  be  ready  for  use  early  in  the  fall.  It 
will  do  both  a  freight  and  passenger  business. 

Kootenai  county  is  becoming  famed  as  one  of  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


825 


scenic  regions  of  the  northwest.  For  rugged  snow- 
clad  mountains,  for  misty  waterfalls  and  roaring  cat- 
aracts, for  a  picturesque  profusion  of  evergreen  trees 
and  fern-like  shrubs,  it  is  unsurpassed.  The  greater 
portion  of  the  surface  is  broken  and  extremely  moun- 
tainous, belonging  in  reality  to  the  great  mountain 
range  which  forms  the  backbone  of  the  western  conti- 
nent. It  is  rich  in  mountains,  in  valley  lands,  and  most 
fortunately  too,  in  waters.  The  rushing  mountain 
streams  and  placid  mountain  lakes  of  Kootenai  coun- 
ty, complete,  by  contrast  with  the  wild  wilderness  en- 
v'ironments,  one  of  the  most  fascinating  pictures  to  be 
found  in  western  wonderland.  A  brief  description  of 
the  principal  water  courses  and  lakes,  with  the  regions 
drained,  will  give  the  reader  a  more  vivid  conception 
of  the  diversified  character  of  the  surface.  Of  the  Lake 
Coeur  d'  Alene  basin  the  St.  Joe  river  is  the  largest  and 
drains  the  most  extensive  area.  About  forty  miles 
from  its  lake  outlet  it  forks  into  three  streams,  two  of 
which  head  in  Shoshone  county,  in  the  ridges  which 
form  the  divide  between  the  North  Fork  of  the  Clear- 
water  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  basin.  The  third  heads 
in  the  Bitter  Root  range  a  short  distance  south  of 
Stevens'  Peak.  This  latter  is  the  longest  of  the  tribu- 
taries and  may  be  regarded  as  the  continuation  of  the 
main  stream.  Regarding  it  as  such  the  river  is  137 
miles  long.  It  empties  into  Lake  Cseur  d'Alene  at 
the  southern  extremity,  and  is  navigable  for  lake  steam- 
ers a  distance  of  26  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  area 
covered  by  its  basin  is  in  the  form  of  a  trapezoid.  The 
elevation  of  the  upper  portion  of  the  valleys  of  the  vari- 
ous forks  is,  in  mean,  4.000  feet,  and  of  the  valley 
at  the  head  of  navigation,  2,198  feet.  From  the  head 
of  navigation  to  the  outlet  the  fall  is  but  23  feet.  Fif- 
teen miles  from  its  outlet  it  receives  its  largest  tribu- 
tary, the  St.  Maries  river.  The  east  fork  of  the  St. 
Maries  rises  in  the  Clearwater  divide  in  Shoshone 
county,  and  the  west  fork  near  the  source  of  the  Pal- 
ouse  river  in  the  extreme  southeastern  corner  of  Koo- 
tenai county.  The  upper  portion  of  its  valley  has  a 
mean  elevation  of  about  3.400  feet.  At  its  junction 
with  the  St.  Joseph  the  elevation  is  2,200  feet.  The 
lower  and  navigable  portions  of  the  St.  Joseph,  and 
also  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river,  have  but  a  slight  fall 
and  a  deep  channel.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  this 
portion  of  their  course  is  cut  through  a  deep  diluvial 
soil,  clearly  the  old  bottom  of  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene, 
which,  not  so  very  remotely  in  a  geological  sense,  was 
far  larger  and  extended  well  up  into  what  is  now  in 
part  the  valleys  of  Coeur  d'Alene  and  St.  Joseph  rivers. 
Above  the  navigable  portions,  the  streams  are  clear, 
the  valleys  rise  rapidly,  the  mountains  close  in,  and  the 
current  becomes  swift. 

The  Coeur  d'Alene  river  empties  into  Lake  Coeur 
d'Alene  about  twenty  miles  from  the  north  end  of  the 
lake.  Forty  miles  from  the  lake  it  divides  into  two 
streams,  the  North  and  South  forks.  The  North  Fork, 
which  is  the  larger  of  the  two,  heads  in  the  Coeur  d' 
Alene  mountains  near  the  south  end  of  Lake  Pend 
Oreille.  This  branch  is  about  no  miles  long.  The 
elevation  of  the  valley  is  3,900  feet  in  the  upper  portion 
and  2,200  feet  at  its  junction  with  the  South  Fork. 


The  South  Fork  heads  in  the  ridges  of  the  Bitter 
Roots  some  distance  north  of  Sohoii's  Pass.  The  ele- 
vation of  the  upper  valley  is  3,478  feet.  The  Coeur 
d'Alene  is  navigable  in  high  water,  to  the  junction  of 
its  two  forks,  a  distance  of  four  miles  from 
its  outlet.  During  the  summer  and  fall  stages  of  water, 
steamers  do  not  ply  farther  than  Old  Mission,  a  dis- 
tance of  29  miles.  The  total  fall  of  the  river  from  the 
head  of  summer  navigation  to  the  lake,  is  only  sixteen 
feet.  A  multitude  of  canyons  and  ravines  branch  off 
from  the  larger  stream  valleys  in  all  directions,  each 
with  a  swift-flowing  stream  at  the  bottom,  which  in 
its  turn  is  supplied  by  the  springs  that  break  out  at 
frequent  intervals  from  the  inclosing  ridges  along  their 
course.  The  mountain  ridges  in  this  portion  of  the 
county  are  extemely  serpentine  in  their  course,  swing- 
ing often  from  east  to  west  and  from  north  to  south, 
and  vice  versa.  These  twisting  and  turning  divides, 
with  their  deep  saddles  and  corresponding  rises,  dense 
forests,  long,  steep,  tortuous  ridges,  deep,  narrow  can- 
yons and  rushing  roaring  streams,  enclose  a  region  of 
pristine  wilderness,  charming)  beauty  and  exceeding 
grandeur. 

Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  is  about  thirty  miles  long  and 
averages  two  miles  in  width.  Its  elevation  is  2,175 
feet  and  its  depth  in  some  portions  is  said  to  be  185 
feet.  It  fills  a  gorge  in  the  mountains  whose  pine  cov- 
ered slopes  are  reflected  most  beautifully  in  its  clear 
waters.  On  a  cloudless  summer  day  the  lake  presents 
a  picture  of  rare  beauty  that  appeals  at  once  to  man's 
love  of  nature  and  to  his  poetic  fancy.  From  the  crest 
of  the  ridges  at  the  north  end  of  the  lake  there  is  af- 
forded a  most  entrancing  view  of  a  landscape  that  rolls 
for  miles  'in  every  direction,  embracing  a  pleasing  va- 
riety of  wooded  and  snow-clad  peaks,  of  sunlit  valleys 
and  somber  dells,  of  grassy  slopes  and  rugged  points. 
Below,  and  sweeping  far  away  into  the  mountain  re- 
cesses, lies  the  clear,  blue  lake,  the  matchless  gem  of 
the  mountains,  and  winding  away  toward  the  valley. 
is  the  river,  on  its  way  with  the  waters  of  the  lake,  to 
the  great  Columbia.  And  yet,  with  all  the  matchless 
beauty  of  the  prospect,  a  subtle  charm  is  wanting,  a 
crowning  glory  is  lacking  for  it  all ;  the  associations  of 
history  are  not  here ;  as  yet  no  poet's  wand  has  touched 
this  scene  and  invested  it  with  that  absorbing  interest 
which  Scott  has  given  to  the  lochs  of  Scotland  and  Ir- 
ving to  the  terraced  slopes  of  the  Hudson.  Some  day, 
when  the  passion  for  gold  and  power  shall  have  a  little 
abated,  there  will  arise,  perhaps  from  the  secluded 
haunts  of  the  prospector  or  the  shepherd,  a  flame  of 
poetic  genius,  that  will  supply  this  subtle  charm  and 
weave  a  garment  of  fancy  that  will  complete  the  fas- 
cinating beauty  of  the  scenic  environments :  but  not 
while  town  lots  and  material  resources  are  the  sole 
topic  of  conversation  and  brick  blocks  and  golden  treas- 
ure the  supreme  aspiration  of  the  people. 

The  channel  of  the  Spokane  river,  the  outlet  of 
Lake  Coeur  d'Alene,  is  not  wide  and  deep  enough  to 
carry  off  the  waters  of  the  lake  as  rapidly  as  they  are 
poured  into  it  by  the  numerous  mountain  inlets,  hence 
the  back  or  slack-water  that  renders  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
and  St.  Joseph  rivers  navigable.  Should  this  outlet 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


channel  be  deepened  or  should  the  surface  of  the  lake 
be  lowered  by  any  other  means  steamers  will  probably 
cease  to  ply  to  Old  Mission  and  St.  Joe.  The  Spokane 
river  is  not  navigable.  In  its  course  through  Kootenai 
county  is  winds  through  stretches  of  prairie  land  and 
plunges  down  rocky  inclines  of  narrow  canyons  and 
great  ravines.  About  eight  miles  below  the  lake,  at 
Post  Falls,  the  river  has  a  total  fall  of  42  feet,  and, 
below  the  first  fall,  all  its  waters  are  crowded  into  a 
narrow  channel,  scarcely  thirty  feet  wide,  while  on 
either  side  rise  the  perpendicular  walls  of  a  box  canyon. 
Along  the  river's  course  are  many  charming  views  of 
landscape  scenery.  There  is  a  pleasing  vista  of  rolling 
peak-like  foothills.  The  level  meadow  and  the  bor- 
dering slopes  are  gray  or  green  or  white  as  the  case 
may  be.  The  distant  hills  lie  whitened  in  the  midst  of 
a  wintry  morning  or  outlined  in  green  against  a  sum- 
mer sky,  and  on  the  loftier  peaks  the  dazzling  white- 
ness of  the  eternal  snows  affords  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year,  a  pleasing  contrast  to  the  prevailing  tones  of  pine- 
green  and  rock-gray  and  sky-blue.  That  portion  of  the 
Spokane  valley  lying  in  Kootenai  county,  and  called 
locally  Rathdrum  Prairie,  is  fifteen  miles  long,  and  in 
places,  ten  miles  wide,  is  nearly  level  throughout  its 
course  and  in  the  upper  part,  is  covered  with  a  forest 

In  the  central  portion  of  the  county  are  a  number 
of  small  lakes  that  are  becoming  famous  tourist  resorts 
because  of  delightful  summer  climatic  conditions  and 
enchanting  surroundings.  They  are  isolated  though 
not  far  distant,  from  Northern  Pacific  railroad  stations 
and  the  drives  across  country  are  pleasant  and  inter- 
esting features  of  a  visit  to  any  of  them.  The  road, 
in  manv  instances  lined  on  either  side  with  stately  pines, 
cedars  and  tamaracks,  so  tall  and  dense  that  the  sun 
cannot  be  seen  at  mid-day,  winds  through  dense  for- 
ests on  the  mountain  sides,  and  at  times  drops  into 
deep,  shadowy  canyons,  where  the  rumble  of  a  nioun- 

solittides  of  nature.     Again  it  skirts  a  minature  valley 

and  by  the  orchards  and  groves  of  the  rancher.  Sur- 
rounding the  lakes  are  dense  forests  on  sloping  hills  or 
precipitous  mountains.  Rare  and  delicate  flora  grow 
here  in  profusion,  dipping  gracefully  into  the  water 
along  the  shore  and  forming  at  times  a  dense  under- 
growth in  the  forest  above,  contrasting  strangely  with 
the  giant  pine  that  casts  its  shadow  over  all.  Among 
these  water  jewels  is  Fish  lake,  sometimes  called  Twin 
Lakes,  because  formed  by  two  water  bodies  connected 
by  a  narrow  channel,  is  three  miles  north  of  Rathdrum. 
The  lake  is  five  miles  long  and  has  a  considerable  ele- 
vation above  the  prairie.  Tesemini,  or  Spirit  lake, 
three  miles  north  of  Fish  Lake,  is  seven  miles  long  and 
in  its  widest  portion,  one  mile  across.  Heyden  lake  is 
seven  miles  north  of  Coeur  d'Alene  and  twelve  miles 
east  of  Rathdrum.  It  is  about  eight  miles  long  and,  in 
places,  two  miles  wide.  In  the  extreme  northern  part 
of  the  county  is  Sullivan  lake,  four  and  one  half  miles 
long  by  three  fourths  of  a  mile  in  width.  Other 
smaller  bodies  of  water  are  Hoodoo  lake,  east  of  Gran- 
ite ;  Cocolala  lake,  at  the  town  of  the  same  name,  on 


the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  ;  Mud  lake,  two  miles 
north  of  Hauser,  and  a  number  of  small  lakes  in  the 
valley  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river. 

Clark's  Fork  of  the  Columbia  river,  named  for  the 
famous  explorer  William  Clark,  rises  in  Montana,  and 
from  its  source  to  its  union  with  the  Flathead  river  is 
known  in  different  sections  as  the  Deer  Lodge  river, 
Hellgate  river  and  Missoula  river;  formerly  through- 
out its  length,  it  was  known  as  Clark's  Fork.  This 
name  now  applies  to  it  from  its  junction  with  the  Flat- 
head  river  to  where  it  pours  its  waters  into  Lake  Pend  1 
Oreille.  From  the  lake  to  the  Columbia  it  is  known  I 
locally  as  the  Pend  Oreille  river.  It  is  about  twelve 
miles  from  the  point  where  the  river  crosses  the  Koo- 
tenai county  line  to  its  mouth  at  the  lake.  Fed,  in  its 
upper  valley,  by  numerous  large  tributaries,  which  in 
turn  have  their  sources  in  the  everlasting  snows  of 
the  Rocky  mountains,  it  pours  into  Lake  Pend  Ore- 
ille immeasurable  quantities  of  water,  which,  during 
the  freshet  season,  the  outlet  of  the  lake  is  unable  to 
carry  off  with  equal  rapidity.  This  results  from  the 
shallow  channel  of  the  outlet  river  and  from  the  addi- 
tional quantities  of  water  that  are  emptied  into  the  lake 
by  numerous  other  streams.  These  conditions  cause 
an  annual  rise  of  the  waters  of  the  lake  of  from  fifteen 
to  thirty  feet.  It  never  rises  sufficiently  high,  however, 
to  cause  overflows,  owing  to  its  uniformly  precipitous 
walls  and  to  the  deep  channels  of  all  inflowing  streams. 

The  Pend  Oreille  river  is  in  reality  only  a  contin- 
uation of  Clark's  Fork  which  flows  through  the  lake. 
For  twenty-five  miles  its  course  lies  southwest  and 
west  in  Kootenai  county,  through  a  rugged,  mountain- 
ous region  timbered  with  pine  and  tamarack,  with  some 
cottonwood,  poplar  and  maple  along  the  banks.  Priest 
river  joins  it  seven  miles  east  of  the  Idaho-Washing- 
ton boundary  line.  The  total  drainage  area  of  Pend 
Oreille  river,  including  the  water  sheds  draining 
into  Clark's  Fork,  from  its  primary  source  in  the 
Rocky  mountains,  to  the  Columbia,  is  15,000  square 
miles!  The  upper  river,  or  that  portion  of  it  between 
vhe  lake  and  the  mouth  of  Priest  river,  is  from  one  to 
three  thousand  feet  wide,  with  a  depth  of  from  twenty- 
live  to  fifty  feet  at  extreme  low  water.  Five  miles  be- 
low the  mouth  of  Priest  river  and  two  miles  east  of  the 
Idaho-Washington  line,  are  Albany  falls.  Here  the 
river  is  divided  by  a  rocky  island,  having  an  area  of 
five  acres,  the  summit  of  which  rises  sixty  feet  above 
the  water  level.  On  either  side  of  this  island  the  falls 
have  a  descent  of  about  seven  feet.  The  Great  North- 
ern railroad  crosses  the  river  immediately  above  the 
falls,  passing  over  the  island  referred  to.  From  the  lake 
to  the  state  line  the  valley  is  not  over  one  mile  wide, 
is  comparatively  level  and.  in  places,  heavily  timbered. 
On  either  side  "of  the  valley  rise  the  forested  foothills 
of  the  Priest  river  and  Pend  Oreille  mountains. 

Lake  Pend  Oreille  is  the  largest  lake  in  Kootenai 
county  and  the  largest  in  the  state  of  Idaho,  its  area  be- 
ing 180  square  miles.  The  extreme  length  from  Steam- 
boat Landing  in  the  south,  to  the  outlet,  in  the  north,  is 
about  sixty-five  miles  and  its  shore  line  is  over 
three  hundred  miles.  It  is  fifteen,  miles  across  in  its 
widest  portion.  A  few  miles  out  from  the  town  of 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


827 


Hope,  soundings  have  been  made  to  a  depth  of  2500 
feet.  Its  low  water  elevation  is  2050  feet,  which  is 
raised  fifteen  to  thirty  feet  in  the  spring  and  early  sum- 
mer months.  It  never  freezes  except  in  the  north 
where  the  waters  are  shallow.  It  was  first  known  as 
Kalispelm  lake,  but  later  the  name  was  changed  to 
Pend  Oreille,  meaning  ear  pendant.  Some  writers 
state  that  it  was  so  named  because  of  its  peculiar  form, 
somewhat  resembling  in  its  windings  the  shape  of  an 
ear  pendant  worn  by  the  aborigines;  others,  that  it 
took  the  name  of  the  Pend  Oreille  Indians  who  were 
so  called  by  the  French  Canadian  trappers,  because 
of  their  custom  of  wearing  rings  to  which  various  or- 
naments were  attached,  in  the  lobe  of  the  ear.  In  the 
lake  are  a  number  of  islands,  the  largest  of  which  con- 
tains one  hundred  and  sixty  acres.  This  island  is  about 
one  mile  from  the  town  of  Hope  and  is  the  property  of 
General  Warren,  who  took  it  up  in  1888-  receiving  a 
government  patent  in  1890.  He  has  built  here  a 
palatial  residence  and  makes  it  his  summer  home.  A 
number  of  streams  flow  into  the  lake  besides  its  chief 
inlet,  Clark's  Fork,  the  largest  of  which  is  Pack  river, 
heading  well  up  in  the  Cabinet  mountains  of  the  north, 
and  entering  the  lake  near  the  town  of  the  same  name. 
On  all  sides  are  lofty  ranges  of  mountains,  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes  on  the  south,  the  Cabinets  on  the  east  and 
north  and  the  Granite  range  on  the  west.  These 
ranges  enclose  a  deep  mountain  gorge,  which  forms 
the  bed  of  the  lake,  and  about  which  are  grouped, 
rounded  hills,  lofty,  rugged  peaks  and  sheer  declivities 
which,  for  miles  in  portions  of  the  lake,  rise  almost 
perpendicularly  from  the  water.  Along  the  south 
shore  are  precipices  having  a  slope  of  over  eighty  de- 
grees and  a  height,  above  the  water  level,  of  two  thou- 
sand, eight  hundred  feet.  Pend  Oreille  lake 
like  a  broad  and  winding  valley  in  the  mountains, 
filled  to  the  brim  with  gathered  waters,  with  its  tor- 
charms  and  bewilders  with  its  rare  beauty  and  its 
majestic  grandeur.  In  all  the  northwest  there  is  not 
afforded  a  better  conception  of  the  beautiful  and  the 
mighty  and  wonderful  in  the  works  of  nature  than  is 
found  on  the  bosom  and  on  the  surrounding  heights 
of  this  magnificent  lake. 

The  Kootenai  river  pursues  an  erratic  course ;  ris- 
ing in  British  Columbia,  not  far  from  Kootenai  lake, 
into  which  it  eventually  empties,  it  flows  first  in  a 
southwesterly  direction  to  Jennings,  Montana,  where 
it  makes  an  acute  angle  curve  to  the  northwest ;  enter- 
ing Kootenai  county,  it  flows  for  fifty  miles  through 
the  northeast  portion,  re-entering  British  Columbia  at 
Porthill  Another  peculiarity  of  this  stream  is  that 
near  its  source  it  flows  due  south,  while  over  a  low  di- 
vide, only  five  miles  away,  the  Columbia  river  winds 
its  way  northward.  The  river  is  navigable  for  one  hun- 
dred miles,  from  the  lake  to  Bonner's  Ferry.  From 
Bonner's  Ferry  to  Jennings,  Montana,  a  distance  of 
sixty-two  miles,  obstructions  prevent  navigation.  Al- 
most every  year,  from  May  to  July,  the  valley  of  this 
stream  is  covered  with  water.  '  This  condition  is 
caused  by  the  inability  of  the  lake  below  to  discharge 
the  great  volume  of  water  as  rapidly  as  it  is  poured 


into  the  lake.  Because  of  the  low  banks  and  many 
curves  of  the  river,  the  water  is  more  easily  forced 
out  upon  the  valley  lands.  On  account  of  tliis  great 
yearly  overflow,  the  land  is  rendered  valueless  for  the 
production  of  any  crop  except  the  native  grasses.  The 
valley  is  the  old  bed  of  the  lake,  which  at  one  time 
extended  as  far  north  as  Bonner's  Ferry.  Charles  F. 
Fisher,  of  Copeland,  is  conducting  a  scheme  to  con- 
struct straight,  lateral  ditches  on  either  side  of  the 
river  from  Bonner's  Ferry  to  Kootenai  lake,  thus  giv- 
ing the  accumulated  waters  swift  passage  down  the 
valley,  preventing  overflows,  and  reclaiming  seventy- 
five  thousand  acres  of  rich  farming  land.  The  lower 
valley  is  heavily  timbered.  On  the  west  are  the  Priest 

divide  projected  south  from  British  Columbia. 

The  Priest  River  Forest  Reserve,  occupying  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  county,  contains  six  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  acres.  It  consists  of  the  drainage 
basin  of  Priest  river,  which  has  its  ultimate  head  at,  or 
slightly  beyond,  the  forty-ninth  parallel  and  flows  in 
a  southerly  direction  to  a  junction  with  Pend  Oreille 
river.  The  greater  portion  of  this  reserve  is  in 
Kootenai  county,  only  a  small  part  of  the  western  area 
being  in  the  state  of  Washington.  It  is  essentially  a 
mountain  region,  the  approximately  level  tracts  not 
forming  more  than  fourteen  per  cent,  of  the  whole. 
Its  greatest  length  is  fiftv-five  miles,  and  its  average 
width  twenty  miles.  On  the  east  is  the  Pend  Oreille 
range  of  mountains  and  on  the  west  are  the  Priest 
River  mountains.  The  elevations  vary  throughout  the 
reserve  from  three  thousand  feet  on  the  surface  of 
Priest  lake  to  eight  thousand  feet  on  the  higher  ridges 
of  the  western  range  of  mountains.  Priest  lake  is  di- 
vided into  two  portions,  the  upper  and  the  lower,  con- 
nected by  a  tortuous  channel,  named  the  Thorofarc. 
two  miles  long  and  varying  in  width  from  seventy-five 
to  one  hundred  and  twenty  feeet.  The  upper  lake  is 
a  shallow  body  of  water  two  miles  long  and  one  mile 
wide.  Lower  Priest  lake  is  eighteen  iniles  long  and 
from  one-half  mile  to  five  miles  in  width.  The  eastern 
shore  is  bold  and  rocky,  rising  rapidly  by  steep  es- 
carpments and  spurs  to  the  summit  of  the  main  divide. 
The  spurs  and  ridges  of  the  western  shore  are  mostly 
low,  and  broken  at  frequent  intervals  by  broad  valley 
openings  and  swampy  areas  stretching  westward.  The 
outlet  is  Priest  river,  which  leaves  the  lake  through  a 
channel  four  hundred  feet  wide  and  about  three  feet 
deep.  Onjts  way  to  the  Pend  Oreille  river  it  is 
joined  by  a"  number  of  tributaries,  the  most  important 
being  the  lower  West  Fork  and  the  East  Fork.  Among 
the  many  beautiful  spots  in  the  lake  region  of  Kootenai 
county  there  are  none  more  attractive  than  the  region 
about"  Priest  lake.  It  is  essentially  a  forest-covered 
region.  There  are  but  few  tracts  within  the  boundaries 
of  the  reserve  that  do  not  support  a  dense,  magnificent . 
forest.  Besides  the  young  growth  and  fire-damaged 
trees,  it  is  estimated  by  government  survey  that  there 
are  4,833,600,000  feet  of  merchantable  timber.  The 
government  supervisor  is  Robert  S.  Bragaw,  who  re- 
sides at  the  town  of  Priest  River.  Under  Mr.  Bragaw 
are  six  forest  rangers  whose  duties  consist  in  patroll- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ing  the  reserve,  preventing  forest  fires  and  unlawful 
timber  cutting. 

A  paradise  for  hunters,  fishermen  and  tourists  lies 
in  the  mountains,  lakes  and  rivers  of  Kootenai  count)-. 
There  are  fish  in  every  stream ;  on  the  valley  prairies 
and  in  the  grain  fields  are  varieties  of  grouse  and  other 
birds ;  in  the  higher  altitudes,  back  in  the  wilder  moun- 
tain sections,  are  deer,  bear,  caribou,  moose  and  moun- 
tain lion.  Nowhere  will  be  found  a  region  more  de- 
lightful and  more  satisfying  from  a  sportsman's  stand- 
point. From  the  wild  ranges  in  the  upper  St.  Joe  re- 
gion to  the  wilder  confines  of  the  Priest  river  reserve 
is  one  continuous  game  preserve  where  the  bravest 
may  find  a  "foeman  worthy  of  his  steel"  and  where 
the  more  timid  may  gratify  his  love  for  the  chase  to 
satiety. 

Climate,  soil,  forests,  mineral  deposits,  lakes  and 


rivers  unite  in  making  of  Kootenai  county  one  of  the 
most  favored  sections  of  the  northwest.  The  valley 
and  mountain  streams,  and  lakes  possess  a  rare  beauty 
of  lofty,  broken  crests  and  peaks  and  densely  wooded 
slopes.  There  is,  too,  a  pastoral  charm  of  grain  fields 
waving  by  the  water's  edge  or  out  upon  the  plain,  of 
orchards  'sloping  up  the  hill,  or  grouped  about  the 
ranchman's  home,  all  telling  of  a  prosperous  and  happy 
people.  In  addition  to  its  charm  of  mountain,  wood 
and  plain,  Kootenai  county  offers  to  the  investor  and 
the  homebuilders  opportunities  rarely  found  elsewhere, 
in  the  development  of  its  mining  industry,  its  great 
lumber  industry  and  its  agriculture,  dairying  and 
stock-raising.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that 
the  unparalleled  prosperity  of  the  past  few  years  will 
continue  and  that  the  county  will  remain  one  of  the 
richest  and  most  progressive  in  the  state. 


FREDERICK  POST. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

KOOTENAl  COUNTY 


FREDERICK  POST  does  not  need  to  be  intro- 
duced to  the  people  of  northern  Idaho  by  words.  He 
has  earned  the  encomium  lavished  by  President 
Roosevelt  on  a  leading  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
"He  is  a  man  who  has  done  things."  Perhaps  no  man 
in  this  part  of  the  inland  empire  has  a  better  right 
to  the  leading  place  in  the  realm  of  real  benefactor  of 
the  country  than  Frederick  Post.  He  is  a  man  of 
great  ability,  and  is  possessed  of  wonderful  perception 
with  unerring  discrimination,  while  his  executive  force 
and  exhaustless  fund  of  practical  sagacity  have  made 
him  a  man  whose  impress  has  been  left  for  good  in 
the  institutions  of  this  rich  country  and  whose  life 
of  integrity  and  moral  uprightness  has  been  entirely 
commensurate  with  the  giant  achievements  that  it 
has  been  his  good  fortune  to  bring  to  a  successful 
culmination. 

With  this  brief  introduction  to  the  life  of  one  of 
the  leading  and  distinguished  men  of  the  northwest, 
we  will  enter  more  into  detail  regarding  his  personal 
career.  From  the  land  whence  have  come  so  many 
powerful  men  who  have  allied  their  lives  with  this  re- 
public, also  comes  Mr.  Post.  It  was  on  Sepember  16, 
1821,  that  he  first  saw  the  light,  the  place  being 
Herburn,  Germany,  and  his  parents  were  Frederick 
W.  and  Ida  E.  (Sneider)  Post,  natives  of  Germany, 
where  they  remained  until  called  to  the  eternal  rest 
of  another  world.  The  father  wrought  at  the  cooper 
trade  and  the  mother's  brother  was  a  statesman  of 
note  in  his  country.  Our  subject  received  a  good 
education  in  his  native  land  and  at  the  age  of  four- 
teen went  to  work  in  the  mines.  At  the  age  of  twenty 
he  was  compelled  to  serve  in  the  military,  as  was  the 
custom  for  young  men  in  his  country.  Seven  years 
were  spent  in  this  service,  the  last  portion  of  which 
was  in  the  capacity  of  lieutenant  of  the  rear  guards, 
where  he  was  granted  considerable  privilege.  Sus- 
ceeding  his  army  career,  which  was  one  of  credit  and 
distinction,  he  was  placed  in  the  position  of  oversee- 
ing officer  of  the  German  English  Mining  Company, 
where  four  years  were  spent.  In  1848  he  was  mar- 
ried and  in  1850  he  resigned  his  position  and  came 
with  his  wife  to  America.  They  settled  in  Kendall 


county,  Illinois.  His  vigor  and  stirring  qualities  were 
engaged  in  farming,  constructing  lime  kilns,  handling 
a  stone  quarry,  operating  a  saw  mill  and  also  a  flour 
mill.  He  constructed  a  water  power  at  Black  Hawk 
cave  on  the  Fox  river,  which  bears  his  name  at  the 
present  time.  In  1871  he  severed  his  connections 
with  Illinois  and  his  businesses  were  disposed  of  and 
he  came  to  the  boundless  west.  He  first  selected  the 
northern  part  of  Idaho,  and  had  soon  purchased  from 
the  Indian  chief  two  hundred  and  ninety-eight  acres 
where  Postfalls  now  stands  and  at  once  began  extensive 
improvements.  He  dammed  the  Spokane  river  at  the 
falls  which  bears  his  name,  erected  there  the  first  saw- 
mill in  that  portion  of  the  country  and  then  he  was 
forced  to  buy  the  land  again  from  the  government. 
This  was  done  by  special  act  of  congress,  as  he  had 
put  on  such  a  large  amount  of  improvement.  Mr. 
Post  purchased  forty  acres  from  James  Glover  which 
included  the  large  falls  in  the  Spokane  river  in  Spo- 
kane and  he  platted  what  is  now  known  in  that  city 
as  Post's  addition.  He  erected  the  first  Hour  mill  in 
Spokane  and  did  business  there  for  ten  years.  He 
then  sold  his  entire  property  there  for  ninety-seven 
thousand  three  hundred  dollars.  Immediately  suc- 
ceeding that  he  came  to  Postfalls  again  and  continued 
the  sawmill  business  here  on  a  larger  scale.  He  was 
active  in  this  until  1898,  when  he  retired  from  busi- 
ness. He  now  owns  many  lots  in  Postfalls  and  two 
hundred  acres  adjoining  the  town. 

In  1848  Mr.  Post  married  Miss  Margaret,  daugh- 
ter of  Philips  and  Catherine  Hilt,  natives  of  Germany, 
where  they  died.  This  wedding  occurred  in  Germany. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Post  there  were  born  six  children. 
two  of  whom  are  still  living :  Henrietta,  wife  of  Her- 
man Linke,  a  retired  farmer  living  in  Spokane : 
Eliza,  wife  of  A.  M.  Martin,  a  popular  resident  of 
Postfalls  Mr.  Post  and  his  estimable  wife  are  worthy 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  in  all  their 
brilliant  success  they  have  not  forgotten  the  genuine 
faith  of  the  Christian  and  they  are  now  in  the  golden 
years  of  their  life  cheered  and  sustained  by  that  hope 
which  is  as  an  anchor.  Mr.  Post  has  always  been  a 
temperate  man,  using  intoxicants  only  when  demanded 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


as  a  medicine,  never  allying  his  influence  with  the 
saloon.  It  is  exceedingly  gratifying  to  find  one  who 
has  been  so  prominent  a  figure  in  the  northwest,  who 
has  been  crowned  with  brilliant  success  as  charming 
and  generous  as  one  could  wish,  who  has  steadily  lead 
the  way  in  building  the  country  up  to  its  present  pros- 
perous condition,  who  has  been  a  stanch  supporter 
of  the  faith  that  makes  faithful,  who  has  made  an 
example  worthy  for  the  rising  generation  to  follow, — 
it  is  a  great  pleasure,  we  repeat,  to  see  such  a  one 
now  enjoying  the  ripe  age  that  Mr.  Post  has  at- 
tained to,  in  peace,  happiness,  and  in  the  secure 
esteem,  admiration  and  love  of  his  fellow  men.  He 
has  done  his  part  nobly,  he  has  always  been  a  bene- 
factor to  his  race,  and  it  is  fitting  that  he  be  accorded 
a  prominent  place  in  the  history  that  succeeding  gen- 
erations will  read  with  ever  increasing  interest,  when 
they  see  more  and  more  the  beneficent  results  of  his 
wise  labors  and  the  salutary  influence  of  his  noble  and 
upright  life. 


LORENZO  D.  CORZINE.  This  industrious  agri- 
culturist of  Kootenai  county  is  located  about  two  and 
one  half  miles  north  from  Sandpoint,  where  he  has 
taken  a  homestead  which  he  is  transforming  into  a  fine 
farm,  utilizing  the  timber  as  he  clears  it. 

Lorenzo  D.  Corzine  was  born  on  June  n,  1871,  in 
Montgomery  county,  Illinois,  being  the  son  of  Francis 
M.  and  Mary  A.  (Clifton)  Corzine,  natives  of  Illinois 
and  Tennessee,  respectively.  In  1873,  they  removed 
to  Sumner  county,  Kansas,  the  seat  of  the  family  home 
for  twenty  years,  the  father  dying  there  in  1901.  The 
mother  had  died  in  1892.  They  were  the  parents  of 
four  children,  Lorenzo  D.,  our  subject;  George  R., 
married  and  living  in  Oklahoma;  John  C.,  living 
Oklahoma,  now  visiting  our  subject ;  Myrtle,  in  Mor 
gomery  county.  Illinois.  There  is  one  half  brotru 
William  T.,  living  in  Montgomery  county,  Illino 
Lorenzo  was  two  years  of  age  when  the  family  went 
Kansas  and  there  he  received  his  education.  He 
worked  with  his  father  until  sixteen  and  then  started 
for  himself.  Two  years  were  spent  in  general  work 
and  -then  he  went  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  was  en- 
gaged for  two  years  there  on  a  dairy  farm.  Another 
move  was  made,  this  time  to  Astoria,  and  in  fishing  in 
summer  and  working  in  the  woods  in  the  winter,  he 
was  occupied  until  1896,  when  he  came  to  Coif  ax, 
Washington,  then  worked  in  various  places  until  1897, 
the  year  in  which  he  came  to  Sandpoint.  He  worked 
for  a  time  in  the  woods  and  then  being  sick  spent  a 
month  or  so  in  the  Sacred  Heart  hospital  in  Spokane. 
After  that  he  made  a  visit  to  his  people  in  Oklahoma 
then  returned  and  took  his  present  place.  He  has 
given  his  attention  to  its  improvement  and  also  to 
working  in  the  timber  since  that  time  and  he  is  pros- 
pering. 

In  August,  1901,  Mr.  Corzine  married  Miss  Vella,  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Casey)  Fouty,  natives 
of  Wisconsin  and  West  yirginia,  respectively.  They 
came  to  Kootenai  county  in  1898  and  the  mother  died 
here.  The  father  is  living  with  our  subject  at  this  time. 


Mr.  Corzine  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  active  in 
local  questions.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Sandpoint  Lodge,  No.  59,  also  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Sand- 
point  Camp,  No.  7191. 


WILLIAM  E.  SISSON.  This  enterprising  pio- 
neer in  northern  Kootenai  county  is  one  of  the  well 
known  and  highly  respected  citizens,  both  because  of 
his  excellent  worth  in  personal  qualities  and  because 
of  his  faithful  work  in  the  pioneer  lines.  An  account 
of  his  career  fittingly  forms  a  part  of  the  county  history 
and  will  be  interesting  reading  for  all. 

William  E.  Sisson  was  born  in  Buffalo  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  December  18,  1863,  being  the  son  of 
Ezra  and  Amelia  (Plenum)  Sisson,  natives  of  New 
York  and  Canada,  respectively.  The  mother  came  to 
the  United  States  with  her  mother  when  she  was 
young,  locating  in  Baraboo,  Wisconsin,  where  she  met 
Mr.  Sisson  and  was  married.  Then  they  removed  to 
Buffalo  county,  where  the  family  home  was  for  many 
>ears  and  then  another  move  was  made,  this  time  to 
Dunn  county.  In  1880,  they  came  west,  settling  in 
Latah  county  and  there  farmed  for  ten  years.  Thence 
they  went  to  Lewiston,  where  the  father  died  in  1898, 
leaving  a  widow  and  six  children. 

William  E.  was  educated  in  Buffalo  and  Dunn 
counties  and  when  fifteen  started  in  life  for  himself. 
He  worked  in  the  woods,  on  the  drive,  railroading,  and 
saw  milling  until  June,  1887,  when  he  came  west  to 
Spokane.  He  farmed  near  Latah  for  a  number  of 
years  and  in  1891,  he  came  to  his  present  location,  two 
and  one  half  miles  northwest  from  Kootenai.  He  took 
a  homestead,  built  good  buildings,  and  since  that  time 
he  has  been  raising  hay,  doing  general  farming,  and 
timber  work. 

In  1885,  Mr.  Sisson  married  Miss  Cora  M.  Butter- 
field,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  New  York,  but 
pioneers  to  Wisconsin.  Her  father  died  when  she  was 
four  years  old.  They  lived  in  Cedar  Falls,  and  Lochiel 
and  now  the  mother  lives  in  Minocqua,  all  in  Wiscon- 
sin. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sisson  there  have  been  born 
eight  children,  Harry  W..  Ralph  E.,  Lora  M.,  Harland 
G.,  Bert  C.,  Charles  P.,  Hazel  F.  and  Hester  G.  Mr. 
Sisson  is  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  has  been 
for  some  time.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  of  A.,  Court 
No.  12,  at  Sandpoint.  He  is  a  man  of .  integrity  and 
has  always  labored  for  the  welfare  of  the  country  where 
he  has  resided,  being  a  valuable  citizen  in  this  county. 


MARTIN  L.  PIATT.  Although  the  subject  of 
this  article  has  not  been  in  this  section  of  Kootenai 
county  as  long  as  some,  still,  he  has  performed  excel- 
lent labors  of  development  while  here,  and  his  achieve- 
ments with  his  personal  worth  entitle  him  to  represen- 
tation in  the  history  of  this  county. 

Martin  Piatt  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Ohio, 
on  December  4.  1866,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Ann  V.  (Truax)  Piatt,  natives  of  Ohio,  but  pioneers 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  Wisconsin.  They  farmed  for  many  years  in  Wis- 
consin and  there  the  father  died  in  1884.  The  mother 
still  lives  in  Knapp,  Wisconsin,  aged  sixty-five.  Their 
ten  children  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Wisconsin 
and  when  eighteen  he  started  in  the  battle  of  life  on  his 
own  responsibility.  Various  occupations  engaged  him 
for  two  years  and  then  he  went  to  Cloquet,  Minnesota, 
in  the  lumber  woods  for  a  time.  Then  he  returned  to 
Wisconsin  and  remained  until  1897,  when  he  deter- 
mined to  try  the  west,  and  accordingly  came  to  north- 
ern Idaho.  He  selected  Sandpoint  as  the  place  of  his 
operations  and  soon  began  logging,  taking  contracts 
from  the  different  millmen.  He  has  a  fine  outfit  for 
this  purpose  and  is  one  of  the  most  expert  men  at  the 
business  in  these  woods.  Mr.  Piatt  has  one  team  that 
weighs  thirty-three  hundred  and  forty  pounds.  They 
are  doubtless  the  finest  span  of  draft  horses  in  the 
county.  Mr.  Piatt  has  his  headquarters  one  mile  west 
from  Kootenai  and  is  well  known  over  the  country  in 
his  line  of  business  as  a  faithful  man,  an  excellent  hand 
to  accomplish  his  undertakings  and  possessed  of  skill, 
wisdom,  and  executive  ability,  while  he  stands  well 
with  all. 

In  1890,  Mr.  Piatt  married  Miss  Emma,  daughter 
of  Henry  and  Catherine  (Clingman)  Humphrey,  na- 
tives of 'Indiana,  and  pioneers  to  Wisconsin.  They 
settled  in  Dunn  county  and  there  remained  until  their 
death,  the  mother's  occurring  in  1883,  and  the  father 
passing  away  in  1895.  The  happy  union  of  Mr.  Piatt 
and  his. estimable  wife  has  been  blessed  by  the  advent 
of  seven  children  •  James,  Julia  A.,  William  H.,  Martin 
Luther,  Elizabeth  C.,  Virginia  and  Benjamin.  Mr. 
Piatt  takes  an  intelligent  interest  in  the  political  ques- 
tions of  the  day  and  local  matters,  being  allied  with 
the  Democrats  in  principle.  He  is  a  charter  member  of 
the  Sandpoint  "Lodge,  No.  59,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  also 
belongs  to  Panhandle  Lodge,  No.  22,  of  the  Encamp- 
ment. Mrs.  Piatt  is  a  member  of  the  R.  N.  of  A.,  of 
Sandpoint.  Mr.  Piatt  is  a  man  of  business  enterprise 
and  ability  and  his  stanch  character  and  reliability  have 
made  him  a  host  of  friends. 


AARON  W.  PALMER  is  one  of  the  younger 
men  of  the  vicinity  of  Sandpoint  and  has  manifested 
an  industry  and  enterprise  that  bid  fair  to  make  him 
one  of  the  prominent  men  of  this  section.  His  farm 
is  located  three  miles  from  Sandpoint  and  was  taken 
from  the  wilds  as  a  homestead.  Mr.  Palmer  has  been 
devoting  his  energies  to  its  improvement  and  is  making 
a  good  home  place. 

Aaron  Wr.  Palmer  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
Michigan,  on  August  10,  1870,  being  the  son  of  James 
K.  &  Nancy  (Lambkin)  Palmer,  natives  of  Michi- 
gan, where  they  now  live,  being  farmers.  They  have 
four  children :  Minnie  M.,  wife  of  Eli  Collins ;  Aaron 
W.,  our  subject;  Willis  S.,  married  and  living 
in  Michigan:  Goldie  A.,  single  and  teaching 
school.  Our  subject  received  his  education  in 
the  native  place,  going  to  school  in  the  win- 


ters and  working  with  his  father  in  the  balance 
of  the  year.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  started  to 
do  for  himself,  and  for  three  years  he  was  occupied 
in  the  lumber  woods.  In  1892  lie  went  to  George  Bay 
country  and  later  went  to  Saginaw,  where  he  spent 
that  summer  on  the  boom  and  then  he  made  Menom- 
onie,  Wisconsin,  his  headquarters,  working  five  winters 
in  the  woods  and  the  summers  in  the  Dakota  harvest 
iields.  It  was  1898  that  he  made  his  way  to  the  Sand- 
point  country  and  being  enamored  of  this  region,  he 
determined  to  make  it  his  home,  and  accordingly  he 
took  the  homestead  mentioned  above  and  to  the  im- 
provement of  this  and  general  timber  contracting  he 
has  devoted  his  energies  since.  He  has  a  portion  of 
the  farm  in  hay  and  grain  and  has  horses  with  which 
he  does  teaming.  Mr.  Palmer  is  liberal  in  political 
matters  but  leans  toward  the  Republican  principles. 


eighbors. 


f  good  standing 


principles. 
the  confidence 


ABRAM  M.  PIATT.  In  the  worthy  labors  of 
developing  the  country  and  bringing  out  its  resources, 
the  subject  of  this  article  has  had  a  goodly  share..  He 
is  a  man  of  stable  qualities,  enterprising  and  capable, 
and  is  well  known  for  his  executive  ability  and  stirring 
energy. 

Abram  M.  Piatt  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Ohio, 
on  April  3,  1871,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Vir- 
ginia (Truax)  Piatt,  natives  of  Ohio.  They  came  to 
Dunn  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1882,  and  there  the  mother 
still  lives,  the  father  having  died  in  1883.  The  mother 
conducted  the  farm  for  thirteen  years  after  her  hus- 
band's death,  but  is  now  retired.  She  had  twelve  chil- 
dren, ten  of  whom  live,  as  follows :  Margaret,  wife  of 
William  Chickering,  in  Knapp,  Wisconsin;  Alexander, 
in  Sandpoint;  Martin,  married  and  living  in  Sand- 
point  ;  George,  married  and  living  in  Clarkfork ;  Abram 
M.,  the  subject  of  this  article;  David,  married  and  liv- 
ing in  Sandpoint :  Julia,  wife  of  William  Oldham,  in 
Knapp,  Wisconsin ;  Jennie,  wife  of  L.  Workman,  in 
Sandpoint ;  Rosa,  Ida,  both  single  and  living  in  Sand- 
point.  Abram  received  the  major  part  of  his  school- 
ing in  Knapp,  Wisconsin,  and  when  eighteen  started  in 
life  for  himself.  He  worked  in  the  iron  mines  for  two 
years,  then  on  the  farm,  in  the  woods,  on  the  railroad 
and  so  forth,  until  1897,  when  he  came  to  Sandpoint. 
The  first  year  he  worked  for  his  brother  and  then  he 
took  a  contract  of  furnishing  three  thousand  poles. 
About  this  time  he  took  a  trip  to  Knapp,  Wisconsin, 
and  remained  for  eight  months.  Then  he  returned 
to  Sandpoint  and  has  devoted  himself  to  contracting 
iogs.  poles  and  timbers  for  the  Sandpoint  company, 
I  Sutler  &  Company  and  others  and  in  this  business  he 
is  still  engaged. 

On  April  3,  1897,  Mr.  Piatt  married  Miss  Ella, 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Bowersack)  Thatcher, 
natives  of  Ohio,  but  pioneers  to  Wisconsin,  and  they 
still  live  in  Dunn  cotintv.  that  state.  Mrs.  Piatt  was 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


born  there.    .Mr.  and  Mrs 
Politically  our  subject  is 

tions  of  the  day. 


itt  have  one  child,  Velma. 
ed  with  the  Republicans 
n  this  field  and  the  ques- 


JOHN  NELSON  resides  three  miles  north  from 
Sandpoint  where  he  has  a  fine  estate  of  two  hundred 
acres  of  land,  having  acquired  it  by  homestead  and  pur- 
chase. He  is  a  man  of  reliability,  integrity  and  sound 
principles,  and  is  the  recipient  of  the  respect  and  good 
will  of  his  fellows. 

John  Nelson  was  born  in  Vermland,  Sweden,  011 
November  3,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Nels  and  Martha 
Pearson,  also  natives  of  Sweden,  where  they  died  some 
years  since.  Two  sons  and  one  daughter  were  born  to 
them  besides  our  subject,  Ole,  living  in  Rock  Springs, 
Wyoming:  Andrew;  Betty,  married  to  Mr.  Greenwold, 
in  Ogden,  Utah.  John  received  a  common  schooling 
and  when  ten  went  to  work  out.  Two  years  later  he 
went  to  Stockholm  and  learned  the  harness  trade.  In 
1881  he  came  to  America,  May  29  being  the  exact  date 
of  landing.  He  made  his  way  to  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah,  where  he  wrought  for  the  D.  &  R.  G.  Railroad 
and  then  mined  for  five  years.  Next  we  see  him  in 
Leadville,  Colorado,  then  in  the  Black  Hills,  South 
Dakota,  then  in  Ogden,  Utah,  and  later  in  Portland, 
Oregon.  Thence  he  went  to  the  Cascade  mountains 
and  in  1894  Mr.  Nelson  came  to  Sandpoint  and  located 
on  his  present  place,  which  has  been  his  home  ever  since. 
He  has  good  buildings  and  a  fine  orchard  and  does 
general  farming  in  addition  to  timber  work,  having  con- 
tracted piling  and  such  timbers.  Air.  Nelson  is  an  ac- 
tive Republican  and  is  always  ready  to  do  his  part  to 
forward  the  welfare  of  the  county.  "He  is  a  member  of 
the  Lutheran  church  and  a  man  of  good  standing.  Mr. 
Nelson  has  never  seen  fit  to  quit  the  peaceful  life  of  the 
bachelor  for  the  uncertain  seas  of  matrimonial  ex- 
istence and  seems  quite  content  with  the  celebatarian's 
life. 


JUDGE  A.  K.  WHITE,  deceased.  No  man 
was  better  or  more  favorably  known  in  the  southern 
part  of  Kootenai  county  than  the  subject  of  this 
article,  and  it  is  fitting  that  memorial  to  his  name  be 
granted  in  the  volume  that  has  to  do  with  the  history 
of  this  section. 

A.  K.  White  was  born  in  Port  Deposit,  Maryland, 
on  May  8,  1834.  His  mother  died  when  he  was  a 
child,  and  he  was  taken  by  his  father  to  what  was 
known  as  the  "Brick  Meeting  House,"  in  Cecil  coun- 
ty. There  he  remained  until  fifteen  and  finished  his 
education  in  an  academy  in  Pennsylvania.  Follow- 
ing this  he  was  engaged  in  keeping  books  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  then  came  to  Peoria,  Illinois,  where  he 
acted  as  salesman  and  also  studied  law.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1860,  Mr.  White  married  Miss  Frances  Giles, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Susana  (Redfern)  Giles, 
both  English,  and  to  that  union  were  born  two  chil- 
dren :  Lota  Alice,  deceased ;  Joseph  C,  married  to  Miss 
Hattie  Whitmore  and  now  living  in  Coeur  d'Alene, 


where  he  is  engaged  in  civil  engineering.  Following 
his  marriage  Judge  White  removed  to  Nebraska  and 
then  to  Colorado,  where  he  practiced  law.  In  1887 
he  came  to  Farmington,  Washington,  and  practiced 
law,  and  in  1890  made  his  way  into  the  then  unsettled 
region  of  St. "  Maries,  near  the  north  fork,  Clarkia 
postoffice.  One  man,  Captain  James  Wells,  after- 
wards World's  Fair  commissioner,  was  dwelling  here 
then.  The  Judge  took  land  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Emerald  creek  and  at  once  devoted  himself  to  raising 
stock.  The  ranch  is  known  as  Meadow  Lodge.  He 
was  successful  in  this  venure  and  although  he  came 
here  with  limited  means,  he  was  soon  among  the 
prosperous  citizens  of  the  county.  He  was  popular 
and  served  one  term  as  county  superintendent  of 
schools  and  one  term  as  probate  judge,  having  also 
been  judge  of  Clearcreek  county,  Colorado,  for  two 
terms.  The  Judge  was  called  to  depart  this  life  on 
November  26,  1901,  and  was  sincerely  mourned  by 
a  large  circle  of  true  friends.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order  at  Harrison,  Idaho,  and  also  of 
the  G.  A.  R.,  having  been  a  brave  and  faithful  soldier 
for  his  country.  Mrs.  White  was  postmistress  at 
Clarkia  for  four  years,  but  has  now  resigned  the  po- 
sition, rented  her  fine  esate  of  nearly  five  hundred 
acres  and  removed  to  Coeur  d'Alene,  where  she  re- 
sides with  her  son. 

Judge  White  was  in  Company  F,  Nebraska 
Second  Cavalry,  and  served  two  years,  when  he  was 
wounded  and  honorably  discharged.  Nellie  Kemble,  • 
a  niece,  who  lived  with  the  family  for  a  number  of 
years,  is  married  and  living  at  Oakesdale,  Wash- 
ington. 


DAVID  E.  BIGELOW  is  one  of  .the  well  known 
and  respected  citizens  of  Sandpoint.  being  a  skilled  ar- 
tisan in  wood  work  and  building,  while  he  also  owns 
a  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  acres,  which  he  has  im- 
proved in  a  becoming  manner. 

David  E.  Bigelow  was  born  in  Milwaukee  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  August  9,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Rose  ( Sweet)  Bigelow,  natives  of  the  same  county 
in  Wisconsin.  The  father  went  to  dig  gold  in  Cali- 
fornia in  1855  all('  died  the  next  year ;  the  mother  over- 
come with  trouble  and  hardship  succumbed  to  death 
soon  after.  Then  the  children  were  taken  by  relatives 
and  our  subject  knows  nothing  of  his  parents.  Two 
sisters  are  dead  and  one  brother  was  a  noted  scout  and 
was  one  who  hunted  the  James  boys,'  but  no  tidings 
from  him  have  ever  come  to  our  subject.  David  was 
taken  by  an  uncle  to  Manitowoc,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
remained  until  eighteen,  having  gained  a  common 
school  education.  Then  he  went  for  himself  and  la- 
bored to  get  means  for  an  education,  and  when  he  was 
twenty-one  he  had  graduated  from  the  high  school. 
Then  he  sailed  on  the  lakes  for  two  seasons,  after  which 
he  took  land  in  Clark  county  and  eight  years  later  sold 
that  and  removed  to  Ashland,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
did  carpenter  work  for  thirteen  years.  It  was  1898 
that  he  came  to  his  present  location,  bought  one  hun- 
dred acres  from  the  railroad  company  and  in  addition 


JUDGE  A.  K.  WHITE. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


833 


to  improving  it  in  good  shape,  he  has  also  done  car- 
pentering. 

In  1876  Mr.  Bigelow  married  Miss  Gertrude  Smith 
and  to  them  were  born  four  children,  Raymond,  Fay- 
ette,  Floyd,  and  Mabel,  all  living  in  Wisconsin.  Later 
Mrs.  Bigelow  was  taken  away  by  death. 

In  1901  Mr.  Bigelow  married  Mrs.  Nettie  Cole, 
daughter  of  Able  S.  and  Marie  Thompson,  residents 
of  Garfield,  Washington,  who  in  1902  celebrated  their 
golden  wedding.  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  druggist  and 
a  prominent  citizen  of  the  town.  Mr.  Bigelow  is  an  ac- 
tive Republican  and  is  zealous  for  the  advancement  of 
the  interests  of  the  country.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
K.  of  P.,  Helmit,  Lodge,  No.  36,  while  he  and  his  wife 
belong  to  the  Methodist  church,  being  devout  sup- 
porters of  the  faith. 


WILLIAM  H.  LEMLY  is  a  man  of  enterprise, 
integrity  and  fine  business  judgment,  as  is  evidenced 
thoroughly  by  his  round  of  successful  achievements  in 
financial  matters,  while  also  he  has  ever  maintained 
an  unsullied  reputation  and  displayed  a  stanch  char- 

'  William  H.  Lemley  was  born  in  Eugene,  Oregon, 
on  September  3,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Pleasant  G.  and 
Nancy  (Fletcher)  Lemley,  natives  of  Alabama  and 
Arkansas,  respectively.  In  1853  they  crossed  the  plains 
with  ox  teams  to  Benton  county,  Mr.  Lemley  swim- 
ming the  streams  with  his  stock.  The  next  year  they 
went  to  Lane  county,  which  was  the  family  home  until 
1878.  Mr.  Lemley  was  appointed  county  judge,  being 
the  first  incumbent  of  that  office,  and  served  for  four 
years.  Then  he  was  county  commissioner  for  four 
years,  then  county  treasurer  for  two  years,  also  deputy 
sheriff  for  four  years.  He  operated  a  large  farm  for 
six  years  and  in  1878  he  came  to  Farmington,  Wash- 
moved' to  Priest' river,  where  his  sons  were.  There  he 
died  in  May,  1902,  his  wife  passing  away  in  April, 
1902,  he  being  eighty  three  and  his  wife  seventy-seven. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  our  subject,  we  note 
that  he  received  his  education  from  the  public  schools 
and  when  eighteen  he  started  for  himself  in  life.  He 
learned  the  butcher  trade  and  followed  it  steadily  for 
ten  years.  He  operated  shops  in  Farmington,  Oakes- 
dale;  and  Rosalia,  Washington,  and  the  last  year  he 
was  there  he  shipped  three  thousand  hogs.  In  1889 
Mr.  Lemley  sold  out  his  entire  business  and  went  to 
California  and  Oregon.  One  year  later,  he  came  to 
Priest  River  and  to  Albany  Falls.  One  year  later,  he 
sold  out  and  went  prospecting.  He  prospected  for  a 
number  of  years  in  Idaho  and  Montana,  being  the  dis- 
coverer of  the  Silvernight,  in  Montana,  in  1896,  of 
which  he  has  sold  an  interest,  still  retaining  some. 
In  1899  he  returned  to  Priest  River  and  took  up  general 
merchandising  and  continues  in  that  business  until  the 
present  time. 

On  June  25,  1900,  Mr.  Lemley  married  Miss  An- 
nie Alberts,  whose  parents,  natives  of  Sweden,  came  to 
this  country  in  1883,  locating  in  Minneapolis,  Min- 


nesota.  In  1895,  they  came  to  Priest  River  and  are 
conducting  a  boarding  house  there  now.  Mr.  Lem- 
ley is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Banner  Lodge,  No. 
67  at  Priest  River,  also  of  the  F.  of  A.,  Priest  River 
Court,  No.  18,  being  chief  ranger  of  the  latter  order. 
He  has  held  all  the  chairs  of  both  lodges  and  in  1902, 
was  deputy  grand  master.  Mr.  Lemley  is  a  Democrat 
and  active  in  politics.  He  was  chosen  justice  of  the 
peace  in  1900  and  was  deputy  sheriff  of  Whitman 
county  in  the  'eighties.  He  is  a  man  of  reliability  and 
displays  commendable  zeal  for  the  upbuilding  of  the 
country  and  in  his  business  enterprises. 


CHARLES  JACKSON  is  one  of  the  best  known 
business  men  of  the  Priest  River  country,  having 
come  here  among  the  earliest  pioneers  and  continued 
his  labors  here  since.  He  is  a  man  of  intelligence  and 
good  business  ability  as  has  been  manifested  in  his 
achievements,  now  owning  a  large  general  merchan- 
dise establishment  in  Priest  River,  where  his  standing 
is  of  the  best. 

Charles  Jackson  was  born  in  Wilkinsburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  March  i,  1849,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and 
Caroline  Jackson,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  where  they 
remained  until  their  death,  the  father  passing  away  in 
1870,  and  the  mother  in  1878.  The  father  was  a  cabinet 
maker.  He  had  the  following  named  children :  Mary, 
Charles,  our  subject,  Caroline,  Chris,  Louise,  Amelia, 
Christian,  and  Andrew.  Charles  received  a  common' 
school  education,  being  really  a  self  educated  man,  as 
he  had  to  strive  for  his  training.  At  the  age  of  sev- 
enteen, he  went  to  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  joined  a 
surveying  party  for  some  years,  then  went  to  Bismarck, 
North  Dakota,  thence  to  the  Black  Hills,  where  he 
prospected  until  1888,  when  he  came  to  the  lake  Pencl 
Oreille  county  and  there  prospected  until  1891.  This 
was  the  year  of  the  entrance  of  the  Great  Northern  to 
the  Priest  River  country  and  he  came  thither  with  a 
large  canoe  and  transported  freight,  doing  well.  The 
next  spring  Mr.  Jackson  married  Kate  Neilson.  This 
lady  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  white  wo- 
man that  crossed  the  Chilkoot  pass  to  the  Yukon.  She 
went  to  Forty  Mile  creek  and  remained  one  summer, 
taking  a  supply  of  trinkets  for  the  Indians  and  articles 
for  the  miners.  She  did  well  in  the  trip  and  left  Alaska 
-in  1890,  having  been  there  seven  years.  She  has  one 
son,  now  twenty-five  years  old.  Mr.  Jackson  married 
in  1892  and  his' wife  died  in  1899.  In  1902  Mr.  Jack- 
son married  Emma  Griswold,  widow  of  Charles  Gris- 
wold,  and  daughter  of  George  Knowlton.  She  has 
four  children,  Bessie,  Hazel,  Halley,  and  Rena.  all  at 
home.  In  1892  Mr.  Jackson  started  a  saloon,  but  in  a 
short  time  he  saw  the  need  of  a  general  merchandise 
establishment  and  so  opened  the  same.  This  has  grown 
until  he  has  one  of  the  largest  stores  in  the  town.  Mr. 
Jackson  owns  the  town  site  and  one  of  the  streets  is. 
named  for  him.  He  has  always  shown  a  public  spirit 
and  labored  assiduously  for  the  improvement  and 
upbuilding  of  the  town"  and  county.  In  politics  Mr. 
Jackson  is  Republican,  having  formerly  been  Demo- 


834 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


cratic,  but  changed  at  the  time  of  Bryanism.     He  has 

fluential  man.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  be- 
ing an  organizer  of  Banner  Lodge,  No.  67  and  has 
passed  all  the  chairs.  Mrs.  Jackson  is  a  member  of 
the  Rebekahs,  Banner  Lodge,  No.  52,  she  also  has 
passed  the  chairs.  Our  subject  and  his  wife  are  promi- 
nent people  of  Priest  River  and  enjoy  the  regard  and 
good  will  of  all.  They  have  one  child. 


THOMAS  BENTON  is  one  of  the  intrepid  men 
who  have  taken  the  prospector's  pick  and  pack  and 
delved  into  the  fastnesses  of  the  remote  regions,  thus 
opening  to  less  courageous  ones  the  wealth  of  the  moun- 
tains, and  it  is  but  right  that  to  him  should  be  granted 
great  credit  and  praise  for  these  worthy  labors,  which 
in  reality  are  the  opening  of  the  country.  Too  little  has 
been  said  in  favor  of  such  men,  and  much  has  been 
written  of  the  great  achievements  of  great  companies. 
But  let  credit  be  where  credit  is  due  and  we  boldly  say 
that  no  class  of  men  have  had  the  hardships  to  endure, 
the  exceedingly  arduous  labors  to  perform,  with  more 
discouragements  to  meet  and  trying  obstacles  to  over- 
come than  the  intrepid,  courageous  and  noble  men  who 
go  forth  single  handed  to  meet  and  overcome  in  na- 
ture's wilds. 

Thomas  Benton  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana,  on  February  22,  1844,  being  the  son 
of  John  and  Mary  (Bools)  Benton,  natives  of  North 
Carolina  and  Kentucky,  respectively.  They  were  mar- 
ried in  Ohio,  moved  thence  to  Illinois,  then  to  Iowa 
and  afterwards  to  Missouri,  where  the  father 
died  in  1880.  The  mother  then  returned  to  Mont- 
gomery county,  Iowa  and  lived  with  our  subject  until 
her  death  in  1886.  Thomas  was  educated  in  Illinois, 
and  when  nineteen,  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Sixteenth 
Illinois  Cavalry,  under  Colonel  Smith  and  Captain 
Gudnow.  After  a  short  time  at  Camp  Butte,  near 
Cincinnati,  his  company  was  taken  to  the  front  and 
with  three  other  companies  his  was  detailed  for  scout 
duty.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Jonesville,  Vir- 
ginia, when  five  hundred  noble  men  were  numbered 
among  the  dead.  He  was  captured,  taken  to  Richmond, 
thence  to  Andersonville,  then  to  Savannah,  from  there 
to  Miles,  Georgia,  returned  to  Savannah  and  there  he 
was  paroled  on  November  25,  1864.  Returning  to 
Nashville,  he  joined  his  company  and  remained  with 
them  until  he  was  discharged  on  August  25,  1865,  be- 
ing paid  off  in  Chicago.  He  farmed  for  one  year  in 
Illinois,  then  went  to  Iowa  where  he  worked  in  a  mill 
at  the  wage  of  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents  per  day  for 
nine  years.  In  1890  he  came  to  Colfax,  Washington, 
thence  to  Colville  and  soon  we  see  him  with  the  pros- 
pector's outfit  in  the  mountains.  Mr.  Benton  has  a  fine 
claim  with  a  thousand  dollars  of  development  work 
which  show  up  in  good  shape.  He  reached  Priest  River 
in  1890,  and  since  that  time,  this  has  been  his  head- 
quarters. Mr.  Benton  is  road  master  and  has  been  for 
some  time.  He  also  does  a  great  deal  of  road  con- 


tracting and  now  has  a  fifteen  mile  road  to  build,  called 
the  West  Branch  County  road. 

In  1868  Mr.  Benton  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter 
of  Bailey  and  Jane  Cozad,  natives  of  Kentucky,  whence 
they  came  to  Iowa,  where  they  died. 

On  October  15,  1890,  at  Colfax,  Mr.  Benton  was 
called  to  mourn  the  death, of  his  beloved  wife,  and  her 
remains  sleep  there  to  this  day.  She  left  the  following 
children:  John,  married  and  living  in  British  Colum- 
bia ;  Court,  living  in  central  Idaho  ;  Nettie,  wife  of  John 
Prator,  in  Priest  River;  Effie,  wife  of  James  Frator, 
in  Priest  River.  Mr.  Benton  is  a  Republican  in  poli- 
tics and  is  active  in  the  interests  of  the  county  and  all 
questions  of  import.  He  is  a  man  of  uprightness  and 
integrity  and  commands  the  respect  of  all. 


MAHLON  P.  JONES  is  one  of  the  intelligent  and 
industrious  citizens  of  Priest  River,  where  he  is  well 
known  and  highly  respected,  being  a  man  of  integrity 
and  sound  principles,  always  manifesting  a  genial 
spirit,  and  maintaining  the  good  will  of  all  who  may 
know  him. 

Mahlon  P.  Jones  was  born  in  Emporium,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  January  I,  1852,  being  the  son  of  L.  B.  and 
Emeline  (McCoy)  Jones,  natives  of  Vermont.  The 
mother  came  to  Pennsylvania  in  the  early  days  and 
married  there  in  the  'thirties.  Mr.  Jones  was  a  railroad 
contractor  and  lumber  dealer  and  in  1846,  he  removed 
his  family  to  Pennsylvania,  where  he  did  lumbering 
and  farming  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  1878,  the  mother  having  passed  away  in 
1872.  They  left  ten  children,  named  as  follows :  Mar- 
tha, wife  of  Ambrose  Fuller,  in  Pennsylvania;  Loren 
Maud,  living  in  Pennsylvania;  Byrun,  married  and 
living  in  Pennsylvania";  Don,  killed  in  the  Civil 
war;  Warren,  married  and  operating  an  engine 
on  the  Great  Northern;  Mahlon  P.,  the  subject 
of  this  article;  Alma,  wife  of  Silas  Wheaton.  in 
Pennsylvania;  Jenette,  wife  of  Phinome  Ames,  in 
Pennsylvania;  Louisa,  deceased,  wife  of  John  Bell, 
also  in  Pennsylvania ;  Gusta,  deceased,  wife  of  Forest 
Garett,  deceased. 

Our  subject  received  a  common  schooling  in  his  na- 
tive place  and  then  on  account  of  failing  eyes  he  was 
obliged  to  be  content  with  that.  When  fifteen,  he 
went  into  the  woods  and  for  twenty  years  he  wrought 
at  that  labor.  Then  he  spent  five  years  in  railroading, 
after  which  he  made  his  way  to  the  west,  settling  in 
Priest  River.  Here  he  railroaded  for  a  time  and  then 
took  charge  of  the  railroad  pumping  station  in  Priest 
River  and  there  he  is  engaged  at  this  time.  Mr.  Jones 
has  taken  a  homestead  and  improved  it  in  good  shape 
and  his  wife  and  daughter  are  operating  a  fruit  and 
confectionery  store  in  the  Priest  River.  They  are  meet- 
ing with  good  success  and  are  popular  with  the  trade. 

On  December  24,  1880  Mr.  Jones  married  Miss 
Elna  Kaufmann  and  to  them  have  been  born  the  fol- 
lowing named  children :  Elsa  M.,  Eva  E.,  Stanley  W. 
and  Warren  P. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


835 


Mr.  Jones  is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  Spokane 
Tent,  No.  15.  He  and  his  family  are  adherents  of  the 
Congregational  church  and  they  are  highly  respected 
people  of  the  town. 


HENRY  KEYSER  is  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers 
of  Kootenai  county  as  well  as  having  the  distinction  of 
being  the  man  to  open  various  sections  of  that  county 
and  adjacent  ones,  while  in  all  his  career  he  has  shown 
forth  the  real  frontier  spirit  of  progress  and  courage. 
An  account  of  his  life  fittingly  is  placed  in  this  volume 
and  will  be  acceptable  reading  to  all. 

Henry  Keyser  was  born  in  Hochstadt,  Germany, 
on  January  6,'  1839,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Eliza- 
beth (Heider)  Keyser,  natives  of  Saxoriy,  Germany. 
They  were  wealthy  people  of  that  country  and  the 
father  died  in  i892'and  the  mother  in  1891.  Our  sub- 
ject studied  in  the  public  schools  until  fourteen  and  in 
1857,  he  came  to  America.  He  worked  for  three  years 
in  Chautauqua  county,  New  York  and  then  removed 
to  Illinois  in  1860,  and  the  following  year  enlisted  in 
the  Fox  River  company  which  was  later  changed  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Illinois  Volunteers.  There  being  too  many 
men,  he  was  sent  home  and  then  got  a  pass  from  secre- 
tary Seward  to  go  to  Germany  but  was  unable  to  get 
out  of  the  country  until  1866,  when  he  went  to  help 
his  mother  in  that  country.  Mr.  Keyser  still  has  the 
pass.  Returning  to  the  United  States,  he  located  in 
Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  then  went 
to  Kendall  county,  Illinois.  In  1871  he  went  to  San 
Francisco,  Portland,  and  then  to  Walla  Walla,  where 
he  hired  a  team  and  drove  to  Rathdrum,  finding  Mr. 
Post  the  only  settler  there,  Messrs.  Still  and 
Newman  being  respectively  five  miles  west  from 
Rathdrum  and  on  Newman  lake.  After  one  year's 
work  for  Mr.  Post,  Mr.  Keyser  removed  to 
Spokane  and  took  a  squatter's  right  on  the  land 
where  Union  Park  is  now  located.  J.  Scranton 
and  James  Downing  were  the  oldest  settlers  of  that 
now  populous  city  and  Mr.  Keyser  came  next.  The 
former  men  sold  to  J.  Glover.  Mr.  Keyser  has  the 
distinction  of  having  the  first  white  child  born  into  his 
family  that  was  born  in  Rathdrum  and  the  Indians 
were  especially  proud  of  that  child.  In  1874  Mr.  Key- 
ser sold  out  and  removed  to  Trent  where  he  took  land 
and  remained  for  fifteen  years.  In  1889  he  removed 
to  Priest  river  and  located  a  homestead  and  to  this  he 
has  added  betimes  by  purchase  until  his  estate  is  now 
four  hundred  and  forty-six  acres  of  good  land.  He 
has  fine  buildings,  as  barns,  outbuildings,  residences, 
and  so  forth.  He  raises  considerable  hay  and  handles 
about  one  hundred  head  of  cattle  each  year,  turning  off 
about  thirty  annually.  Mr.  Keyser  has  the  distinc- 
tion of  starting  the  town  of  Priest  River.  In  1902  he 
built  a  business  block  in  the  town,  also  he  has  a  resi- 
dence there  which  he  rents,  and  he  is  in  the  mercantile 
business  in  town,  in  addition  to  his  farm  and  stock. 

In  1869  Mr.  Keyser  married  Miss  Emma  Eresch 
who  died  in  1883,  at  Spokane,  Washington,  leaving 
two  children,  Louisa,  wife  of  Wenzel  K.  Koreis  and 


living  on  Spokane  Prairie,  Washington ;  Malinda,  the 
first  white  child  born  in  Rathdrum,  now  married  to  M. 
Bonne,  at  Latah,  Washington.  In  1885  Mr.  Keyser 
married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Eliza- 
beth Fuschs,  natives  of  Germany,  and  now  liv- 
ing on  Spokane  Prairie,  Washington.  To  this  union 
three  children  have  been  born,  Henry  J.,  Anna,  and 
John.  Mr.  Keyser  is  liberal  in  politics.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  67,  at  Priest  River. 
He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church 
and  they  are  highly  respected  people. 


KRESZENZ  KRAMER.     This  well  known  and 

mention  in  this  volume  of  Kootenai  county's  history 
since  she  is  one  whose  labors  have  accomplished  much 
for  the  upbuilding  of  the  country,  and  her  integrity, 
sound  principles  and  unswerving  loyalty  to  right  have 
given  her  the  untrammeled  admiration  and  esteem  of 
all  who  may  have  the  pleasure  of  her  acquaintance. 

Mrs.  Kramer  was  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Germany, 
on  February  25,  1862,  being  the  daughter  of  Joseph 
and  Elizabeth  (Kolb)  Fusches,  natives  of  Germany, 
coming  to  America  in  the  fall  of  1884,  whither  this 
daughter  had  come  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  year. 
They  now  live  on  Spokane  prairie  and  own  nine  hun- 
dred acres  of  land,  handle  much  stock  and  are  wealthy. 
Our  subject  received  her  education  in  the  Sisters 
schools  until  fourteen  years  and  then  attended  Sunday 
school  for  four  years.  After  leaving  the  academy, 
she  worked  out  until  twenty-three,  giving  her  wages 
to  her  parents.  In  1886  she  met  Franz  M.  Kramer  in 
Chicago  and  after  their  marriage  they  came  to  the 
Pend  Orielle  river,  locating  a  farm,  which  she  still 
owns.  It  was  1889  that  they  came  here  and  soon  after 
Mr.  Kramer  was  taken  sick  and  for  ten  years  he  was 
unable  to  work  and  the  entire  responsibility  fell  upon 
Mrs.  Kramer  and  during  this  time  she  operated  a 
wholesale  butcher  shop,  supplying  the  north  country 
and  she  did  much  of  the  slaughtering  herself.  Thus 
was  her  stability  and  courage  manifested  to  meet  the 
hardships  and  labors  of  life  in  this  frontier  country. 
Mr.  Kramer  died  in  1902,  leaving  his  widow  and  one 
child,  Theresia,  now  going  to  school  in  Spokane  at  the 
Sisters  academy.  In  1902  Mrs.  Kramer  started  a  hotel 
in  Priest  River,  which  she  is  operating  at  the  present 
time.  The  hotel  is  having  a  good  patronage  and  is 
building  up  a  fine  business.  In  addition  to  this,  Mrs. 
Kramer  handles  a  nine  hundred  acre  farm,  which  she 
owns  three  and  one-half  miles  up  'the  Priest  river. 
This  fine  estate  has  one  hundred  acres  under  cultiva- 
tion and  Mrs.  Kramer  handles  about  fifty  head  of  cat- 
tle annually.  Mrs.  Kramer  is  a  member  of  the  Catho- 
lic church  and  is  a  stanch  supporter  of  the  faith.  Mrs. 
Kramer  has  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  and  she  has 
manifested  a  truly  noble  and  courageous  spirit  in  the 
conduct  of  her  business  and  in  bearing  up  against  the 
hardships  and  labors  that  have  fallen  to  her  lot.  It 
manifests  great  skill  and  good  business  ability  that  in 
all  of  this  she  has  won  a  success  that  would  do  credit 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  a  first  class  financier  and  it  is  all  due  to  her  good 
management  and  fine  practical  judgment  coupled  with 
executive  force  and  wisdom.  On  August  11,  1902, 
Mrs.  Kramer  married  .Mr.  Samuel  Rowsell  and  they 
now  live  on  their  farm. 


WILLIAM  E.  REINHART,  who  in  partnership 
with  his  brother  is  operating  a  sawmill  on  the  North- 
ern Pacific,  is  one  of  the  industrious  young  men  of 
the  county  and  is  accomplishing  a  good  work  in  his 
enterprise,  having  always  demonstrated  himself  to  be 
capable,  upright,  and  dominated  by  sagacity. 

William  E.  Reinhart  was  born  in  Faribault,  Min- 
nesota, September  19,  1872,  being  the  son  of  William 
D.  and  Emaline  (Smith)  Reinhart,  who  are  men- 
tioned in  this  work.  William  was  educated  in  Min- 
nesota and  Dakota,  having  come  to  the  latter  state 
in  1880.  In  1888  he  came  to  Kootenai  county,  Idaho, 
and  since  that  time  has  identified  himself  with  the 
interests  and  development  of  the  county  in  a  very 
efficient  and  becoming  manner.  He  and  his  brother 
were  the  owners  and  operators  of  a  threshing  outfit 
for  many  years  and  in  1900  they  erected  their  present 
mill,  which  is  a  first-class  plant  of  fifteen  thousand 
feet  capacity.  They  are  occupied  most  of  the  time  in 
sawing  ties  for  the  Northern  Pacific  and  are  doing 
a  good  business.  Mr.  Reinhart  is  a  man  of  excel- 
lent standing  and  has  friends  from  every  quarter. 
He  is  active  in  the  realm  of  politics  and  is  an  inde-- 
pendent  thinker. 


LOUIS  CHAMBARD.  In  energy,  sagacity, 
enterprise,  courage  and  geniality,  together  with  up- 
rightness, the  subject  of  this  sketch  stands  exception- 
ally well  among  his  fellows,  being  a  man  whose  labors 
have  been  felt  to  the  remotest  parts  of  the  county  and 
one  who  has  done  much  for  its  upbuilding. 

Louis  Chambard  was  born  in  Fayette,  Fulton 
county,  Ohio,  on  January  27,  1855,  the  son  of  Peter 
F.  and  Irene  (Baker)  Chambard,  natives  respectively 
of  France  and  New  York.  The  father  came  to 
America  in  1835,  locating  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio, 
and  he  still  lives  in  Fayette,  that  state,  at  the  age  of 
eighty.  The  mother  died  in  Fayette  in  1878,  being 
buried  there.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  his  native  place  and  then  spent  two 
years  in  Cornell  University.  He  worked  in  a  grocery 
and  in  other  capacities  about  six  years  and  then  mar- 
ried and  settled  to  farming.  It  was  1887  that  he 
came  to  Kootenai  county  and  took  a  homestead  three 
miles  east  from  Rathdrum,  also  purchasing  a  quarter 
of  railroad  land.  This  is  the  family  home  today  and 
it  is  well  improved  with  good  buildings  and  residence, 
and  grain  and  hay  are  the  principal  crops.  Mr. 
Chambard  has  a  good  orchard,  a  number  of  cattle  and 
various  other  propertv.  In  the  Buffalo  Hump  excite- 
ment he  took  a  leading  part  in  the  opening  of  the 
country,  building  the  first  house  in  the  camp  and  now 
owns  good  property  there.  Mr.  Chambard  has  the 


distinction  of  being  the  real  originator  of  the  Popu- 
hst  party  in  he  county,  being  the  first  central  corn- 
started.  He  received  the  nomination  for  county 
treasurer  against  Frank  O.  Hill,  but  as  the 
county  is  Republican  he  was  defented  by  a  small  ma- 
jority. Again,  in  1896,  he  was  nominated  against  John 
C.  Callahan,  who  was  a  man  of  both  the  old  parties, 
and  Mr.  Chambard  was  beaten  by  only  sixty  votes.  Mr. 
Chamberd  was  also  the  moving  spirit  in  the  organi- 
zation of  district  fifteen,  of  which  he  has  for  a  long 
time  been  director. 

It  was  in  1882  that  Mr.  Chambard  and  Miss 
Emma,  daughter  of  Fred  and  Amanda  ( Herri ck) 
Allen,  natives  of  Ohio,  the  father  deceased,  but  the 
mother  still  living  in  Kenton,  Ohio,  were  united  in 
marriage,  and  to  them  have  been  born  two  children: 
Fredrick  B.,  going  to  school  in  Rathdrum;  Kittie  I., 
going  to  district  school.  Mr.  Allen  is  buried  at 
Swanton,  Ohio,  having  been  dead  some  time.  Mr. 
Chambard  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Panhandle 
Lodge  No.  13,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Rath- 
.bone  Sisters,  Syringa  Temple  No.  4.  Mr.  Cham- 
bard is  one  of  the  leading  and  prominent  men  of  the 
county  and  is  highly  esteemed  wherever  he  is  known. 


SAMUEL  L.  SMITH.  Numbered  among  the 
leading  citizens  of  Kootenai  county  is  the  subject  of 
this  aricle,  and  his  family  home  is  on  a  fine  farm 
two  miles  south  from  Rathdrum,  where  he  has  made 
a  commendable  showing,  having  an  excellent  house, 
commodious  barn  and  out  buildings,  with  an  orchard 
of  sixteen  hundred  trees  of  all  varieties  of  fruits  that 
grow  to  perfection  in  this  climate.  Mr.  Smith  is  one 
of  the  leading  men  of  the  county  and  popular  in  every 
way.  This  is  evidenced,  as  in  1890  he  was  nominated 
on  the  Republican  ticket  for  county  commissioner 
and  in  every  precinct  he  received  a  handsome  ma- 
jority, swelling  his  total  majority  to  a  fine  showing. 
He  has  been  justice  of  the  peace,  being  the  first  in- 
cumbent of  that  office  in  Rathdrum.  In  his  business 
career,  Mr.  Smith  has  been  enterprising,  dominated 
with  sagacity  and  vigor  and  has  gained  a  good  suc- 
cess. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  his  personal  his- 
tory, we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Tioga  county,  New 
York,  on  June  15,  1832,  being  the  son  of  Selah  and 
Sally  (Roggers)  Smith,  natives  respectively  of  Con- 
necticut and  Maine.  They  married  and  lived  in 
New  York,  where  the  father  was  known  as  Squire 
Smith,  being  a  prominent  man  of  his  section.  He  was 
a  farmer  and  lumberman  and  is  buried  in  Tioga 
county,  New  York,  while  the  mother  rests  in  Dodge 
county,  Wisconsin.  Our  subject  studied  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  then  entered  the  New  York  Central 
College,  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  He  studied  a  time 
there  and  then  a  maiden  stole  his  heart  and  he  dropped 
the  dry  books  and  got  married.  He  then  taught 
school  and  also  writing  school  for  four  years  and  then 
went  to  railroading.  He  continued  at  this  for  thirty- 


WILLIAM  E.  REINHART.  MRS.  LOUIS  CHAMBARD.  LOUIS  CHAMBARD. 


SAMUEL  L.  SMITH. 


MRS.  SAMUEL  L.  SMITH.  JOHN  H.  DANNER. 


THOMAS  N.  FEELY.  MRS.  THOMAS  N.  FEELY.  ERNEST  E.  REINHART. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


837 


five  years,  running  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St 
Paul',  then  took  the  first  company  train  into  Cheyenne, 
Wyoming,  in  1867,  and  the  next  year  the  first  train 
into  Laramie.  Then  we  find  him  on  the  railroads  in 
Wisconsin,  then  on  the  Union  Pacific,  then  on  the 
Northern  Pacific,  and  in  1884  he  invested  his  hard 
earnings,  which  amounted  to  more  than  nine  thousand 
dollars,  and  in  September,  of  the  same  year,  all 
was  burned  to  the  ground.  Mr.  Smith  determined 
not  to  be  thwarted  in  this  line  and  so  went  to  work 
and  took  a  homestead  where  he  now  lives,  the  same 
having  been  the  scene  of  his  labors  since.  He  made 
a  good  record  on  the  road,  being  one  of  the  most 
trustworthy  men  in  the  service,  and  now  he  is  enjoy- 
ing the  second  fortune  that  he  has  wrought  out. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Smith  and  Sarah  L.  Purdy 
was  solemnized  in  1851,  and  she  died  in  1858,  and 
was  buried  in  Dodge  county,  Wisconsin,  leaving  two 
children,  Sarah  F.,  married  to  S.  M.  Lehmer,  of 
Cheyenne:  Lottie,  wife  of  Ames  Halley,  of  Rapid 
City",  South  Dakota.  In  1862  Mr.  Smith  married 
Jeanette  Herrick,  daughter  of  Job  and  Hannah 
(Cummings)  Herrick,  natives  respectively  of  Con- 
necticut and  Vermont.  The  father  is  buried  in 
Lawrenceville,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  mother  in 
Dodge  county,  Wisconsin.  To  this  happy  union  there 
have  been  born  seven  children,  named  as  follows: 
Maud,  wife  of  A.  D.  Robinson,  living  in  Spokane: 
Carroll,  married  to  Mary  Woods,  living  in  Hot 
Springs,  South  Dakota;  S.  Burton,  married  to  Cora 
Waiters,  living  in  Ouray,  Colorado ;  Lulu  N.,  married 
to  Monroe  Kanouse,  living  in  Madison,  Wisconsin ; 
Stella  E.,  wife  of  C.  L.  Heitman,  in  Rathdrum :  Addie, 
wife  of  F.  B.  Allbaugh,  in  Spokane:  Halley  R.,  at 
home.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  and  they  are  worthy  citizens  and 
have  an  enviable  standing  in  the  community.  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  that  party  in  his  home  town  in  Wiscon- 
sin, in  1858. 


JOHN  H.  DANNER.  This  enterprising  young 
gentleman  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  influential 
citizens  of  Kootenai  county,  and  is  at  present  handling 
a  farm  two  and  one-half  miles  east  from  Postfalls, 
which  is  the  family  home  at  this  time. 

Tohn  H.  Danner  was  born  in  Ionia,  Michigan,  on 
September  30,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Simon  and 
Christinia  C.  (Heydlauff)  Danner,  natives  respective- 
ly of  Pennsylvania  and  Michigan,  their  parents  being 

1837  and  settled  in  Michigan  when  it  was  a  territory. 
Our  subject's  father  was  a  farmer  in  Ionia  county, 
and  had  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  entire  state. 
He  died  in  1897  and  the  mother  is  conducting  the 
estate  now.  John  H.  gained  his  primary  training 
from  the  common  schools  and  then  went  to  Poucher 
Business  College,  graduating  therefrom  in  1889.  He 
then  came  west  to  Postfalls  and  worked  at  carpenter 
work  for  a  time  and  in  1892,  went  to  Chicago  College 
of  Pharmacy,  but  on  account  of  failing  health,  he  was 


obliged  to  forego  the  course  that  he  had  expected 
to  take,  and  in  1895  he  came  back  to  Postfalls.  He 
bought  eighty  acres  from  the  railroad  company  and 

place  in  1898,  and  he  has  it  well  improved  now.  He 
has  a  good  house,  fine  barn,  poultry  house,  a  good 
orchard,  one-half  acre  to  berries,  and  the  place  well 
fenced  and  cross  fenced.  He  also  has  ten  head  of 
cattle  and  horses  sufficient  for  the  operation  of  the 
farm.  Mr.  Danner  also  has  some  property  in  Post- 
tails. 

On  December  29,  1890,  Mr.  Danner  married  Miss 
Soviah  H.,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Hattie  (Dill) 
Knox,  natives  of  Maine.  They  came  west  to  Spo- 
kane, Washington,  in  1887,  and  now  live  at  Zillah, 
Washington.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Danner  there  has 
been  born  one  child,  Robert  E.  Mr.  Danner  is  actively 
interested  in  political  matters,  being  allied  with  the 
Democrats.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
imperial  Lodge  No.  134,  of  Spokane :  and  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  Camp  7228,  at  Postfalls. 


THOMAS  N.  FEELY.  This  gentleman  is  a 
good  example  of  industry,  thrift,  and  perseverance, 
and  to  these  qualities,  dominated  by  keen  sagacity 
gained  through  practical  experience,  he  owes  his  suc- 
cess, which  is  gratifying  and  substantial.  He  owns 
three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  good  land,  three 
miles  south  from  Rathdrum,  which  is  a  model  farm, 
being  improved  with  fine  residence,  good  barns,  out- 
buildings and  fences  and  so  forth,  while  he  has  a  fine 
orchard  and  two  cisterns  holding  two  hundred  bar- 
rels each.  Altogether  his  estate  is  not  only  a  good 
dividend  producer  but  is  a  comfortable  and  enjoyable 
rural  abode.  He  has  forty-five  head  of  stock, 'sells 
about  one  hundred  tons  of  oats  each  year,  besides 
much  hay  and  considerable  other  grain  and  farm  prod- 
ucts. He  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  and  prosperous 
farmers  of  the  county  and  is  deserving  of  the  pros- 
perity that  he  enjoys,  being  always  alert  to  care  for 
his  business  and  look  after  details. 

Noticing  the  personal  points  of  detail  in  his  life 
we  note  that  Mr.  Feely  was  born  on  July  n,  1846. 
but  was  left  an  orphan  at  nine  months  "of  age  and  he 
knew  but  the  hand  of  strangers  to  guide  and  shape  his 
life.  Umphry  May  raised  "him  until  eleven  and  then 
he  went  to  work  for  James  H.  Garner,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Chicago,  where  he  was  born,  and  to  this  last  man 
much  credit  is  due,  for  Mr.  Feely  says,  "He  raised 
me  and  made  a  man  of  me."  Ten  years  were  spent 
with  this  good  man  and  then  young  Feely  went  to 
Iowa.  He  had  received  but  little  schooling  and  has 
had  to  gain  his  knowledge  by  careful  personal  obser- 
vation and  digging  in  the  books  alone.  He  worked 
eleven  years  in  Iowa  and  married  Miss  Alice  M. 
Kemp  in  1875.  She  was  raised  by  an  uncle  and  knows 
but  little  of  her  parents,  so  when  this  worthy  couple 
started  out  in  life  it  was  pretty  well  alone  and  they 
had  learned  to  prize  a  good  home.  Mr.  Feely  rented 
land  in  Iowa  and  then  bought  eighty  acres  in  Shelby 
county,  and  two  years  later  sold  it  and  came  to  Wash- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ington.  He  located  at  Rockford  on  a  homestead, 
where  he  was  for  eight  years.  Then  he  sold  and 
came  to  Kootenai  county.  He  located  first  on  the 
Fend  Oreille  river  and  for  five  years  tried  the  stock 
business,  but  not  being  successful,  he  came  to  Rath- 
drum  prairie  and  rented  land.  Later  he  bought  his 
place  described  above  and  he  has  gained  his  present 
holding  by  his  faithful  labor  and  wise  management.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Feely  there  have  been  born  eleven  chil- 
dren, named  as  follows:  James  J.,  Charles  W.,  Clar- 
ence H.,  Effie  L.,  Irvin  E.,  Gracy  G.,  Adda  A.,  Cor- 
bon  P.,  Austin  L.,  Guy  R.  and  Irma  G.  All  are  single 
and  live  at  home  or  in  the  vicinity. 


ERNEST  E.  REINHART  is  a  promoter  of  sub- 
stantial industries  in  Kootenai  county,  having  been 
handling  a  steam  thresher  for  some  time,  while  also 
he  has  a  fine  sawmill  six  miles  east  from  Rathdrum, 
and  also  gives  considerable  attention  to  lumbering  in 
the  woods.  He  is  one  of  the  first-class  men  of  the 
vicinity,  has  done  good  work  and  is  held  in  esteem 
and  approval  by  all  the  people,  having  displayed  both 
commendable  characteristics  in  the  business  world, 
while  his  integrity  and  uprightness  are  manifest  to 
all. 

Ernest  E.  was  born  in  Pine  Island,  Minnesota,  on 
August  3,  1868,  being  the  son  of  W.  D.  and  Emeline 
(Smith)  Reinhart,  natives  respectively  of  New  York 
and  Ohio.  They  came  to  Minnesota  i'n  1860,  remain- 
ing there  until  1879.  Then  they  removed  to  North 
Dakota  and  in  1888  they  came  to  Kootenai  county. 
They  purchased  two  hundred  acres  of  good  land  one 
and  one-half  miles  east  from  Rathdrum,  where  they 
live  now  and  where  also  are  the  headquarters  of  our 
subject.  Ernest  E.  began  his  educational  training  in 
Pine  Island  and  completed  the  same  in  Wilmot,  South 
Dakota.  He  remained  with  his  father  until  he  was 
thirty  years  of  age,  then  started  threshing  with  his 
brother,  which  they  have  followed  since  that  time.  In 
1900  they  erected  a  mill  known  as  the  Reinhart  saw- 
mill, six  miles  east  from  Rathdrum.  He  employs 
eighteen  men  and  cuts  as  high  as  forty  thousand 
ties  in  one  year,  besides  other  lumber  and  timbers. 

Mr.-  Reinhart  is  one  of  a  large  family  of  children, 
named  as  follows:  Isabel,  wife  of  H.  E.  Thompson, 
in  Raleigh,  North  Carolina ;  William  E. ;  Eva,  wife  of 
C.  A.  McDonaald,  in  Rathdrum;  Cora,  deceased; 
Myrtle,  Ida,  Delia,  Gertie,  Lila,  Roy,  Ethel,  Vivian, 
and  Ernest  E.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Mr.  Rein- 
hart  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Rathdrum  Lodge 
No.  73.  He  is  allied  with  the  Democrats  in  political 
affairs  and  is  keenly  interested  in  the  issues  of  that 
realm.  He  is  a  man  of  activity,  good  practical  judg- 
ment, sound  principles  and  has  conducted  himself  in 
a  becoming  manner  before  his  fellows. 


CHANCEY  EDWIN  GUTHRIE.  This  young 
and  enterprising  farmer  and  stockman  of  the  vicin- 
ity of  Copeland  is  entitled  to  representation  in  the 
county  history  on  account  of  his  labors  for  upbuild- 


ing  and  improvement,  because  he  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  reliable  man  of  this  section,  and  because 
ic  is  possessed  of  integrity  and  sound  principles. 

Chancey  Guthrie  was  born  in  Tama  county,  Iowa, 
jn  July  31",  1879,  being  the  son  of  R.  J.  and  Eliza  J. 
(Poland)    Guthrie,  who  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in 
this  volume.     While  our  subject  was  still  young  he 
was    taken    with    his    family    to    Boulder,    Montana, 
/here  he  received  a  good  high  school  education,  grad- 
ating from  that  institution  in  1897.     Following  that 
he  was  salesman  in  a  store  for  two  years  and  then 
he  came  to  this  county.    He  at  once  homesteaded  the 
land  where  he  is  now  located,  one  mile  north  from 
Copeland.    He  has  a  quarter  section,  half  meadow  and 
the  balance  upland.     He  has  an  orchard  of  two  hun- 
?d  and  fifty  trees  and  raises  considerable  stock. 
In    1901    Mr.    Guthrie    married    Miss    Anna   L., 
lighter  of  V.  W.  and  Anna  (Siverson)  Washburn, 
•ntion  of  whom  is  made  in  this  volume. 
Mr.   Guthrie   is   fraternally  affiliated  with  the  M. 
W.  A.  at  Porthill  and  in  this  as  among  his  fellows 
generally  he  stands  well. 


ARTHUR  E.  BUNTING.  Among  the  earliest  men 
to  penetrate  the  wilds  of  the  lower  Kootenai  valley, 
we  must  mention  the  esteemed  gentleman  whose  name 
appears  above.  Mr.  Bunting  is  one  of  the  real  pioneers 
of  this  country  and  has  been  one  of  the  vigorous  men 
whose  labors  have  transformed  it  into  the  abode  of 
civilization.  He  is  of  exceptionally  good  standing  and 
is  a  man  of  sound  principles  and  deserving  of  the 
encomiums  of  an  appreciative  people,  which  he  en- 
joys in  generous  measure. 

'  Arthur  E.  Bunting  was  born  in  Woodstock,  New 
Brunswick,  on  December  29.  1855,  being  the  son  of 
Robert  and  Mary  A.  (Weatherbee)  Bunting,  natives 
of  England  and  New  Brunswick,  respectively.  They 
are  mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this  volume.  Our 
subject  received  a  good  common  school  education  in 
his  native  place,  remained  on  the  farm  with  his  father 
until  twenty-one  and  then  removed  to  Rat  Portage, 
and  thence,  in  1884,  to  the  Kootenai  valley.  He  at 
once  entered  the  employ  of  the  well  known  pioneer, 
Richard  Fry,  as  salesman  in  the  latter's  store.  He 
soon  occupied  the  position  of  general  manager  of  the 
establishment,  and  remained  thus  employed  for  four 
years.  Then  he  took  a  homestead  where  he  now  re- 
sides, one  and  one-fourth  miles  west  from  Bonners 
Ferry,  it  being  the  first  homestead  taken  in  this  portion 
of  the  valley,  and  Mr.  Bunting  was  the  pioneer  of  the 
important  industry  of  farming  in  the  now  wealthy  and 
fertile  valley  of  the  Kootenai.  He  has  a  fine  place, 
raises  hay  and  handles  stock  and  also  raises  consider- 
able fruit. 

In  1885  Mr.  Bunting  married  Miss  Christine, 
daughter  of  Richard  and  Jestine  (Ira)  Fry,  especial 
mention  of  whom  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 
Mr.  Fry  was  a  thorough  frontiersman  in  the  true 
sense  of  the  word  and  that  means  in  addition  to  cour- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


age,  physical  powers  of  endurance,  skill,  wisdom  and 
excellent  practical  judgment,  a  large  heart  and  frank- 
ness, with  a  firm  adherence  to  the  principles  of  right. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Bunting  is  a  descendant  of  the 
Colvilles  and  a  beautiful  romance  attaches  to  her  life 
in  connection  with  her  husband.  His  brother  had  been 
killed  by  the  Indians  and  he  was  in  great  danger  of 
being  massacred,  in  fact,  it  was  surely  contemplated, 
and  this  faithful  woman  took  a  canoe  and  risking  her 
own  life,  warned  Mr.  Fry  of  the  impending  danger 
and  thus  he  fled  and  saved  his  life.  He  sought  the 
noble  woman  who  had  thus  befriended  him  and  soon 
made  her  his  wife.  Mrs.  Bunting  is  the  oldest  daugh- 
ter of  Mr.  Fry  and  she  accompanied  her  father  on 
many  trips  in  the  wildness  of  the  country  and  has  seen 
all  the  hardships  and  dangers  of  real  pioneer  life.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Bunting  are  among  the  leaders  in  this  sec- 
tion and  are  prominent  people,  while  their  worth  and 
integrity  are  well  known  to  all.  They  are  members  of 
the  Episcopal  church. 


GEORGE  B.  WHITNEY.  One  of  the  leading 
farmers  and  stockmen  in  the  vicinity  of  Copeland,  a 
man  of  intelligence  and  enterprise,  this  subject  is  ac- 
corded representation  in  the  history  of  his  county 
and  we  append  an  epitome  of  his  career. 

George  B.  Whitney  was  born  in  Marshall,  Michi- 
gan to  Kootenai  valley  in  1891.  The  father  located 
and  Ida  (Ansley)  Whitney,  who  came  from  Michi- 
gan, to  Kootenai  valley  in  1891.  The  father  located 
on  a  homestead  in  the  valley  and  in  1898,  he  removed 
to  Porthill  and  is  now  engaged  in  operating  a  hotel 
there.  Our  subject  received  his  first  educational 
training  in  his  native  place  and  then  graduated  in 
1886,  from  the  Detroit  Business  University.  He 
came  to  this  valley  in  1891,  located  on  unsurveyed 
land,  which  proved'to  belong  to  the  railroad,  and  then 
he  bought  it  and  homestcaded  another  piece.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  half  section,  he  owns  in  company  with 
his  father  another  quarter,  making  him  a  fine  estate 
of  four  hundred  acres.  This  land  is  devoted  to  gen- 
eral farm  products,  hay  and  the  pasture  of  stock. 
Mr.  Whitney  owns  and  handles  from  twenty-five  to 
fifty  head  of  stock.  He  is  a  man  of  enterprise  and  is 
counted  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  valley. 

In  1896  Mr.  Whitney  married  Miss  Nellie  T., 
daughter  of  Volney  and  Anna  (Siverson)  Washburn, 
natives  of  New  York  and  Norway,  respectively.  Mrs. 
Washburn  came  from  Norway  with  her  father  in  1852, 
aged  twelve,  and  met  her  husband  in  Illinois.  After 
marriage  they  came  west  in  1884  and  after  a  decade 
in  Wardner,  they  removed  to  Kootenai  valley,  where 
they  now  live.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whitney  are  the  parents 
of  'two  children,  one  of  whom  is  living.  Hazel  L. 
Mr.  Whitney  enjoys  the  good  will  and  confidence  of 
his  fellows  and  is  "to  be  credited  with  much  done  to 
improve  and  develop  this  country.  He  is  a  man  of 
energy  and  has  labored  with  assiduity  and  real  perse- 
verance since  coming  here. 


GEORGE  E.  ANDREWS  is  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  vicinity  of  Copeland,  being  located  about 
two  miles  north  from  the  village  and  the  proprietor  of 
seven  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  fine  meadow  and  up- 
land. This  fine  estate  is  the  acquisition  of  his  skillful 
and  well  bestowed  labors,  and  is  handled  in  a  becoming 
manner.  Mr.  Andrews  is  personally  a  man  possessed  of 
a  genial  and  affable  spirit,  dominated  with  a  wisdom  and 
keen  perception  which  place  him  among  the  best  finan- 
ciers of  the  valley  and  he  numbers  his  friends  from 
every  quarter. 

George  E.  Andrews  was  born  in  Exeter,  Maine, 
on  April  2,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Elkana  and  Subrina 
(Whitaker)  Andrews,  also  natives  of  Maine.  The 
mother  died  in  1880,  and  the  father  the  following 
year.  Our  subject  was  thus  early  left  to  his  own  re- 
sources. He  had  received  a  good  schooling  at  Levant, 
whither  the  family  had  removed  after  his  birth,  and 
thus  fortified,  he  went  forth  to  do  for  himself.  He 
wrought  in  the  saw  mills  and  spool  factories  for  five 
years  and  then  spent  two  years  in  a  pulp  mill.  It 
was  in  1892  that  he  came  to  the  west,  locating  first 
in  Spokane,  whence  two  years  later  he  came  to  his 
present  place.  He  purchased  railroad  land,  and  then 
added  continually  each  year  more  by  purchase,  also 
taking  a  homestead,  until  he  has  the  mammoth  estate 
mentionel  above.  He  cuts  about  three  hundred  tons 
of  hay  annually,  raises  one  hundred  head  of  cattle 
and  does  a  general  farming  business.  Mr.  Anderson 
has  manifested  his  skill  and  ability  in  the  management 
of  his  interests  here  and  is  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of 
the  valley. 

In  1901  Mr.  Andrews  married  Miss  Maggie  J., 
daughter  of  Malcolm  and  Izabella  (Roberts)  Gillis, 
mention  of  whom  is  made  in  this  volume,  elsewhere, 
and  to  this  happy  union  one  child  has  been  born, 
George  W.  Mr.  Andrews  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  at  Milo,  Maine.  He  is  a  man  whose  life  com- 
mands the  respect  of  all  and  he  has  done  very  much 
for  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  this  conutrv. 


JOHN  CALDWELL  is  one  of  the  men  who  has 
recently  been  attracted  to  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Koote- 
nai, where  he  is  now  located  on  a  homestead,  about 
two' miles  northeast  from  Copeland.  Mr.  Caldwell  is 
one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  valley,  has  demon- 
strated his  ability  and  shown  marked  integrity  and 
real  worth  of  character  and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by 
his  fellows. 

John  Caldwell  was  born  in  Rochester,  New  York, 


good  city  schooling  and  at  the  age  ot  sixteen  went  to 
do  for  himself.    He  went  to  Michigan  and  engaged  on 


84o 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  railroad.  He  fired  for  two  years  then  operated  an 
engine  for  five  years,  holding  positions  on  the  Duluth 
and  Lake  Shore,  and  Northern  Pacific.  Later  he  went 
to  North  Dakota  and  acted  as  expert  for  the  Doyle  & 
Smith  Threshing  Machine  Company.  In  1898,  we  find 
him  in  Lewiston  in  a  similar  position  for  the  W.  Codd 
company.  He  then  came  to  the  Kootenai  valley  and 
freighted  for  the  construction  of  the  K.  V.  railroad 
after  which  he  took  his  present  farm  as  a  homestead. 
He  handles  some  stock,  puts  up  hay,  does  a  general 
farming  business,  and  is  making  a  good  orchard.  Mr. 
Caldwell  has  done  well  in  improving  his  farm  and  is 
one  of  the  enterprising  men  of  the  valley.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Port  Hill,  being  banker 
and  manager  of  the  Camp,  and  he  is  also  Camp  lect- 
turer.  Mr.  Caldwell  is  still  in  the  thraldom  of  bachelor- 
dom,  being  content  with  its  quieter  joys  rather  than  the 
uncertainty  of  the  matrimonial  sea.  He  is  a  man  who 
is  entitled  to  the  respect  of  his  fellows  and  it  is  but 
right  to  say  that  in  a  generous  measure  he  enjoys  it  as 
well  as  the"  admiration  and  good  will  of  all. 


MALCOLM  GILLIS.  It  is  a  pleasure  for  us  to 
grant  to  the  esteemed  and  capable  gentleman  whose 
name  initiates  this  paragraph,  a  representation  in  the 
history  of  his  county,  since  he  has  done  much  for  the 
development  of  the  same,  has  maintained  an  untar- 
nished reputation  and  is  one  of  the  public  minded  and 
stable  men  of  the  Kootenia  valley. 

Malcolm  Gillis  was  born  in  Cape  Breton,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  February  15,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Archie 
and  Catherine  (McKinnon)  Gillis,  natives  of  Cape 
Breton,  where  they  still  reside  on  a  farm.  Our  sub- 
ject has  two  uncles  who  are  editors  of  literary  journals 
in  Scotland,  one  cousin  who  is  a  member  of  the  par- 
liament from  North  Territory  and  another  cousin  who 
is  editor  of  the  Scotch  Echo',  in  Sidney,  Cape  Breton. 
Our  subject  received  a  common  schooling  in  his  native 
place  and  he  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was 
twenty-seven  years  old.  Then  he  railroaded  in  Nova 
Scotia  for  three  years,  after  which  he  followed  the 
same  business  in  Winnepeg  for  three  years.  Returning 
to  Nova  Scotia,  he  bought  land  and  farmed  for  four- 
teen years.  His  next  move  was  to  Colorado,  where  he 
mined  six  years  and  then  we  find  him  in  Kablo,  British 
Columbia,  acting  on  the  police  force.  He  was  on  the 
Crow's  Nest  Pass  railroad  for  two  years  and  in  1899, 
he  came  to  the  Kootenai  valley  and  after  one  year  on 
the  railroad,  he  located  his  present  place,  two  miles 
north  from  Copeland.  To  this  land  he  added  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  acres  of  meadow  land  and  he  handles 
stock,  putting  up  the  hay  on  this  land  for  them.  Mr. 
Gillis  is  active  in  political  matters  and  in  Cape  Breton 
he  was  county  commissioner  for  five  years  and  in 
Kaslo  was  a  member  of  the  police  force. 

In  1882,  Mr.  Gillis  married  Miss  Isabella,  daughter 
of  Duncan  and  Margaret  (McDonald)  Robertson,  na- 
tives of  Capt  Breton,  where  they  still  live.  To  this 
happy  union  there  have  been  born  four  children.  John 
A.,  living  in  Coeur  d'  Alene ;  Maggie  J.,  wife  of  George 


E.  Andrews,  in  Kootenai  valley;  Annie  and  Collin  H., 
both  at  home  with  their  parents.  Our  subject  and  his 
estimable  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
and  are  reliable  and  highly  respected  citizens,  being 
esteemed  by  all. 


CHARLES  B.  WILLIAMSON  was  born  in  Ber- 
gen, Norway,  on  December  14,  1847.  His  father  was 
a  merchant  near  that  place.  The  son  was  educated 
in  Bergen  and  then  went  to  sea,  which  he  followed  four 
years,  commencing  as  a  green  hand  and  working  up 
to  the  position  of  first  mate.  In  this  arduous  under- 
taking, he  manifested  great  skill  and  talent  and 
worthily  gained  the  prominent  position  on  board  ship 
which  he  held  at  the  time  he  quit  the  sea.  He  has 
personally  visited  every  port  of  any  importance  in 
the  known  world  and  has  had  great  experience  among 
all  nations.  In  this  long  seafaring  life,  Mr.  William- 
son had  many  thrilling  adventures  and  some  exciting 
times.  Dangers  of  all  kinds  have  confronted  him  and 
hardships  have  been  endured.  Once  on  the  coast  of 
France,  while  sailing  in  a  Norwegian  vessel,  he  suf- 
fered shipwreck  with  total  loss  of  the  ship.  Once  on 
the  coast  of  Oregon,  he  was  wrecked.  This  last  oc- 
curence  was  in  1884  and  he  was  sailing  in  the  steamer 
Victoria.  At  this  juncture,  Mr.  Williamson  deter- 
mined to  quit  the  dangerous  life  of  the  sea,  and  so 
came  to  Riparia,  Washington,  and  there  went  to  herd- 
ing sheep.  Thence  he  came  to  his  present  location, 
two  miles  above  Emida,  on  Santa  creek,  where  he  took 
a  homestead  and  commenced  to  raise  stock.  Mr. 
Williamson  had  never  been  favored  with  any  experi- 
ence in  this  enterprise  and  therefore  he  had  much  to 
contend  with,  but  despite  all  that,  he  has  gone  forward 
with  great  wisdom  and  has  been  successful.  He  has 
a  fine  holding  of  stock,  owns  a  quarter  section  of  good 
land,  mostly  timothy  land  and  has  eighty  acres  of 
timber  land.  Mr.  Williamson  began  his  land  career 
with  but  little  of  this  world's  goods,  but  has  now  in- 
creased until  he  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  this 
community. 


THOMAS  F.  WILLIAMSON,  who  is  now 
numbered  among  the  prosperous  farmers  of  the  Saint 
Mary's  river  valley,  lives  one  mile  southeast  from 
Emida,  where  he  has  a  quarter  section,  which  he  se- 
cured by  homestead  right  and  which  is  improved  and 
made  into  a  model  farm,  producing  large  quantities 
of  timothy.  Thomas  F.  Williamson  was  born  near 
Bergen,  Norway,  on  November  8,  1850,  being  a  de- 
scendant of  the  fearless  Vikings  of  historic  fame.  The 
father  was  a  merchant  and  this  son  was  reared  and 
educated  in  his  native  place.  When  fifteen  years  of 
age  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  ship  building  company  to 
learn  the  machinist's  trade,  completing  the  term  when 
he  was  twenty-one.  Then  he  took  a  position  in  the 
merchant  marine  as  fireman  and  by  his  close  attention 
to  business  and  merit  he  won  by  steady  degrees  the 
responsible  position  of  assistant  chief  engineer  and  in 
this  capacity  he  served  for  six  years,  visiting  nearly 


CHARLES  B.  WILLIAMSON. 


THOMAS  F.  WILLIAMSON. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


every  known  port  of  any  importance  in  the  world. 
Then  he  left  the  sea  and  came  to  New  York,  taking  a 
position  as  machinist,  resigning  six  months  later  to 
accept  a  position  with  the  Northwestern  line  as  ex- 
pert in  their  engine  shops.  Sixteen  months  later  we 
see  him  in  Carthage,  Missouri,  in  charge  of  the  en- 
gine department  of  the  Cartage  woolen  mills.  After 
the  mills  burned  down  he  went  to  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory and  was  engineer  on  the  M.  K.  &  T.  line,  where 
he  remained  until  he  came  west.  Mr.  Williamson 
visited  Portland  first  then  bought  the  ferry  at  Eureka, 
Washington,  which  he  operated  for  a  year.  Selling 
at  that  time  he  came  to  his  present  place  and  took  the 
homestead  mentioned  and  since  Mr.  Williamson  has 
devoted  himself  exclusively  to  improving  and  han- 
dling his  farm.  He  has  the  place  well  stocked  and  re- 
ceives annual  returns  in  abundant  crops,  principally 
timothy.  Mr.  Williamson  has  manifested  great  wis- 
dom and  industry  in  his  labors  and  in  the  good  work 
of  making  his  land  a  valuable  farm  and  he  is  to  be 

santial  and  popular  men  of  the  neighborhood  and  is 
in  first-class  standing. 


JAMES  H.  GUTHRIE.  This  substantial  and  well 
to  do  agriculturist  and  stockman  has  a  good  estate  one 
mile  north  from  Copeland,  where  he  is  engaged  in  gen- 
eral farming  and  raising  stock  and  also  does  dairying. 
He  is  a  man  of  energy  and  good  ability  and  has  made 
worthy  achievements  since  he  settled  in  this  county. 

James  H.  Guthrie  was  born  in  Iowa  City.  Johnso'n 
county,  Iowa,  on  February  6,  1863,  being  the  son  of 
R.  J.  and  Eliza  J.  (Poland)  Guthrie,  natives  of  Ohio 
and  West  Virginia,  respectively.  They  came  to  Iowa 
in  1852  and  later  lived  in  Montana  for  sixteen  years 
and  then  came  to  this  valley,  where  they  now  reside. 
They  were  the  parents  of  thirteen  children,  six  of 
whom  are  living.  James  H.  received  a  good  common 
school  education  in  his  native  place  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  he  was  seventeen  years  old  and  then 
went  to  work  on  the  neighboring  farms.  He  remained 
thus  engaged  for  five  years  when  he  removed  to  Boul- 
der, Montana,  and  there  served  one  year  as  apprentice 
in  a  blacksmith  shop.  After  that,  he  did  contracting 
for  ties,  lumber  and  so  forth  with  his  brother.  In 
1891,  they  came  to  the  Kootenai  valley  and  engaged  in 
the  butcher  business.  Later  he  bought  out  his  brother 
and  took  W.  A.  Nail  as  partner,  conducting  the  shop 
until  April,  1902.  In  May,  1892,  Mr.  Guthrie  located 
the  quarter  section  where  he  now  resides,  and  since 
that  time  he  has  continually  been  adding  improvements 

upland.    He  has  a  fine  orchard  and  raises  about  thirty 
head  of  cattle. 

In  1894,  Mr.  Guthrie  married  Miss  Martha  A., 
daughter  of  V.  N.  and  Anna  (Sievert)  Washburn,  na- 
tives of  New  York  and  Norway,  respectively.  The 
mother  came  from  Norway  with  her  father,  her  mother 
having  died  in  that  country.  The  father  later  came  to 
Kootenai  valley  and  died  here  in  1901.  To  Air.  and 


Mrs.  Gutfirie  there  have  been  born  five  children 
Chancy  E,  Delia  R.,  James  H.,  Eliza  J.,  William  R. 
Mr.  Guthrie  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  of  Porthhill. 
He  is  not  connected  with  any  church  but  practices  the 
rule  of  doing  to  others  as  you  would  wish  them  to  do 
bv  vou. 


MARION  GUTHRIE.     Among  those  who  have 
opened  the  way  into  the  wilderness  of  nature  in  the 


Kootenai  valley  portion  of  our  county,  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  estimable  and  industrious 
young  man  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article. 
He  dwells  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Copeland,  where 
he  is  improving  a  piece  of  land  which  he  has  taken 
•.vith  his  homestead  right  from  the  government. 

Marion  Guthrie  was  born  in  Tama  county,  Iowa, 
on  February  17,  1870,  being  the  son  of  R.  J.  and  Eliza 
J.  (Poland)  Guthrie,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Virginia, 
respectively.  The  mother  came  to  Ohio  when  young, 

went  to  Montana,  where  they  dwelt  for  sixteen  years 
and  in  1899  tne.v  came  to  tne  Kootenai  valley,  where 
they  now  reside^  being  with  their  son,  the  subject  of 
this  article.  Marion  received  the  beginning  of  his  edu- 
cation in  Iowa  and  after  the  move  to  Montana,  he  was 


schools.  He  has  always  remained  with  his  parents, 
being  thus  far  in  his  career  content  to  quietly  follow  the 
celebatarian's  life,  rather  than  venture  on  the  matri- 
monial sea.  He  does  considerable  traveling  in  the 
course  of  his  labors,  having  been  twice  to  Oregon  in 
the  last  year.  Upon  coming  to  the  valley,  Mr.  Guthrie 
took  land  which  later  proved  to  be  an  Indian 
allotment,  and  then  he  took  the  land  where  he  now  re- 
sides adjoining  the  town  of  Copeland.  In  addition  to 
this,  he  and  his  brother  have  bargained  for  four  hun- 
dred acres  of  railroad  land.j  Mr.  Guthrie.  has  four 
brothers  and  one  sister,  M.  J.,  living  in  Union,  Oregon  ; 
John  W.,  living  in  Montana ;  Emma  B.,  wife  of  Perry 
Tefft,  of  Boulder,  Montana;  Henry,  living  in  Cope- 
land  :  Chancy  E.,  in  Copeland.  Mr.  Guthrie  takes  an 
active  interest  in  the  questions  of  the  day  and  is  allied 
with  the  Democrats  in  political  matters." 


HENRY  R.  EDWARDS  is  one  of  the  younger 
men  whose  labors  are  developing  the  fine  natural  re- 
sources of  Kootenai  county  and  he  is  an  industrious 
and  upright  citizen,  his  home  being  one  and  one  half 
miles  north  from  Bonners  Ferry,  where  he  has  a  fine 
piece  of  timber.  He  is  devoting  his  energies  to  its  im- 
provement, also  placing  on  the  market  ties,  poles,  and 
so  forth. 

Henry  R.  Edwards  was  born  in  Woodbury  county, 
Iowa,  on  March  14.  1872,  being  the  son  of  John  J.  and 
Harriet  (Said)  Edwards,  who  removed  to  South  Da- 
kota in  1901,  where  they  reside  now.  They  were  the 


ing.  named  as  follows:     Alary,  wife  of  Join 
gan.  in  South  Dakota;  Matlida,  wife  of  James 


Kee- 
Rich- 


842 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


ards,  in  Iowa:  John  M.,  single,  living  in  South  Da- 
kota ;  Lizzie  B.,  single  and  also  living  in  South  Dakota  ; 
Edgar,  there  also  ;  Bessie  ;  Raymond  ;  Rosemond  :  Cy- 
rus ;  Christian;  Henry,  the  immediate  subject  of  this 
article.  Henry  received  a  good  common  schooling  in 
Iowa,  utilizing  the  winters  for  that  training  while  his 
summers  were  spent  in  vigorous  exercise  on  the  farm 
with  his  father.  When  he  reached  his  majority,  he 
rented  a  farm  in  Woodbury  county  for  two  years,  but 
success  did  not  crown  his  efforts  as  he  desired,  and  so 
he  went  to  work  by  the  month,  continuing  in  that  line 
until  1809.  In  that  year  he  determined  to  see  the  west 
for  himself  and  accordingly  set  out.  He  landed  in 
Kootenai  county  in  due  time  and  after  proper  explora- 
tion and  investigation,  he  settled  on  his  present  farm. 
To  the  improvement  and  clearing  of  this,  he  has  de- 
voted himself  since  that  time  and  is  one  of  the  respected 
and  promising  citizens  of  this  wealthy  county 

It  is  interesting  as  a  reminiscence  that  Mr.  Ed- 
wards' maternal  grandfather  was  a  prisoner  in  the 
Black  Hawk  war.  His  mother  had  two  brothers  in 
the  Civil  war  and  his  father  had  many  relatives  in  the 
same  conflict. 


JAMES  A.  GRAHAM.  Two  and  one-half  miles 
east  from  Porthill  lives  the  subject  of  this  article.  Mr. 
Graham  has  shown  the  spirit  and  sturdy  qualities  of 
the  real  pioneer,  has  hewed  his  home  out  of  the  forests 
of  nature  and  has  made  all  the  improvements  of  his 
place  with  his  own  hands.  This  land  was  taken  as  a 
homestead  from  the  government.  It  was  not  his  first 
choice,  however,  as  he  settled  in  1891  on  an  unsurveved 
quarter,  but  finding  later  that  it  was  railroad  land, 
he  vacated  it  and  took  the  present  place.  Mr.  Graham 
does  general  farming,  raises  some  stock  and  pays  con- 
siderable attention  to  fruit.  He  is  one  of  the  intelli- 
gent and  'influential  men  of  the  community,  is  always 
active  and  takes  an  interest  in  the  affairs  of  govern- 
ment and  local  matters.  Mr.  Graham  finds  the  Demo- 
cratic party  to  be  more  nearly  allied  with  his  views 
than  any  other  and  therefore  he  is  numbered  among 
them.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  county  convention 
at  Coeur  d'Alene  this  past  year  and  is  always  found 
in  the  ranks  working  with  zeal  and  enthusiasm. 

Reverting  more  to  his  early  history  we  note  that 
James  A.  Graham  was  born  in  Blanket  Hill,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  April  1  6,  1854,  being  the  son  of  William 
and  Catherine  (Blaney)  Graham,  also  natives  of  the 
same  place,  where  they  remained  until  the  time  of 
their  death.  The  mother  passed  away  in  1871  and  the 
father  followed  in  1894.  The  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject was  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  1812.  James  re- 
ceived a  good  country  schooling  in  the  native  place 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty- 
two.  Then  he  migrated  to  Illinois  and  toiled  on  a 
farm  for  a  couple  of  years,  after  which  he  traveled 
over  the  entire  south.  Not  finding  the  country  to 
his  fancy,  he  came  to  Ogden,  Utah,  in  1878.  Later 
he  was  'in  Helena,  Montana,  until  1883,  and  then 
found  his  way  to  Coeur  d'Alene  in  the  time  of  the  gold 


tement.     There  he  prospected  until  1886  and  then 

e  to  Kootenai  county.     He  labored  there  and  in 

Washington  until  1891  and  then  settled  on  the  land  as 
stated  above. 

In  fraternal  affiliations  Mr.  Graham  is  united  with 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  Graham  has  four  sisters  and  five 
brothers  and  the  following  ones  are  living:  Nancy  T-» 
wife  of  W.  A.  Blose,  in  Blanket  Hill;  Margaret  J., 
ife  of  W.  J.  McConal,  in  Minnesota;  William  A., 
Carried  and  residing  in  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania; 
David  A.,  also  married  and  dwelling  in  the  same  place ; 
Joseph  B.,  in  Kalispell,  Montana;  Harry  A.,  in 
Kootenai  valley. 


HENRY  WANDEL  lives  five  miles  east  from 
Porthill  on  a  farm  that  he  took  in  1898  as  a  homestead 
and  which  he  has  improved  with  his  own  labors  un- 
til he  has  a  fine  orchard  and  a  comfortable  home.  Mr. 
Wandel  has  always  manifested  industry,  thrift  and  wise 
management  that  are  characteristic  of  his  race  and  the 
result  is  that  he  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  substan- 
tial citizens  of  our  county  who  has  won  and  retains 
the  good  will  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

Henry  Wandel  was  born  in  Beyran,  Germany,  on 
May  17,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Anna 
(Buckberger)  Wandel,  natives  of  the  fatherland 
where  they  remained  until  the  father  died  in  1883. 
The  mother  is  now  retired  and  lives  in  Beyran,  aged 
seventy  years.  Our  subject  received  his  education 
from  the 'schools  of  his  home  place  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  he  was  twenty  and  then  entered  the 
army,  serving  two  years.  In  1893  he  cut  all  restraints 
that  bound  him  and  made  his  way  to  America,  locat- 
ing in  Chicago  for  four  months.  Then  he  went  to 
northern  Wisconsin  and  for  seven  years  he  was  occu- 
pied there.  It  was  in  1898  that  he  made  his  way  to 
Kootenai  county  and  the  advantages  offered  here  led 
him  to  take  a  homestead  as  stated  above.  During  the 
years  since  that  time.  Mr.  Wandel  has  devoted  him- 
self with  assiduitv  and  enterprise  to  make  a  gfood  farm 
and  a  comfortable  home  from  the  wilds  of  the  new 
country  and  he  is  to  be  credited  with  much  worthy 
labor  accomplished.  He  also  handles  some  stock. 

In  1895  Mr.  Wandel  married  Miss  Man',  daughter 
of  Albert  and  Maggie  Colbach.  natives  of  Germany 
and  Wisconsin,  respectively.  The  father  came  to 
America  in  1865  and  located  in  Wisconsin  and  he  and 
his  wife  remain  there  until  this  time.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wandel  there  have  been  born  three  children, 
Henry,  Joseph,  Rudolph.  The  family  adhere  to  the 
Catholic  church. 


ROBERT  BUNTING  resides  one-half  mile  west 
from  Bonners  Ferry,  where  he  owns  a  fine  farm  and 
devotes  himself  to  gardening  and  general  farming. 
He  is  a  man  of  integrity  and  good  habits  and  stands 
well  with  all  who  know  him. 

Robert  Bunting  was  born  in  Ashover,  England,  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1826,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Cook) 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


843 


Bunting,  natives  also  of  England.  The  father  was  a 
tailor  and  conducted  a  business  there  until  the  time 
of  his  death,  which  was  in  1887,  the  mother  passing 
away  in  1890.  Our  subject  learned  his  trade  and  also 
attended  school  in  his  younger  days.  When  twenty 
the  father  gave  him  the  "opportunity  to  go  for  himself, 
wishing  him  well  in  his  labors.  From  that  day  for- 
ward Mr.  Bunting  has  been  actively  engaged  in  busi- 
ness and  has  done  well.  He  farmed  for  a  time  in 
England  and  in  1850  came  to  Canada,  settling  in  New 
Brunswick,  where  he  was  an  industrious  citizen  until 
1880.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Rat  Portage,  Ontario, 
continuing  there  for  nineteen  years.  It  was  1899  that 
he  came  to  the  Kootenai  valley,  locating  on  his  present 
farm.  He  owns  forty  acres  of  fine  garden  land  and  is 
good  business. 
1851  Mr.  Bunti 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Wright)  Weather- 


ing  a  g 
In    18 


rried    Miss    Mary 


1851    Mr.    Bunting   m 
and  Eliza 

s  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick, 
spectively.  They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848, 
locating  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  where  both  died. 
Mrs.  Bunting  has  two  brothers  who  were  in  the  Civil 
war,  one  of  them  being  lieutenant.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Bunting  have  become  the  parents  of  ten  children, 
named  as  follows:  John  S.,  married  and  living  in 
New  Brunswick;  Arthur  E.,  married  and  residing  in 
this  valley:  Mary  E.,  deceased;  James  R.,  married  and 
living  in  Rat  Portage  ;  William  H.,  living  with  parents  ; 
Alice,  deceased;  Annie  E.,  wife  of  Nelson  Mc- 
Cracken,  in  Seattle  ;  Benjamin  T.,  deceased  :  Evelin,  de- 
ceased ;  Aubrey  A.,  maried  and  living  in  this  valley. 

Mr.  Bunting  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in 
local  politics.  He  and  his  estimable  wife  belong  to 
the  Episcopalian  church  and  are  devout  supporters  of 
the  faith.  Mr.  Bunting  has  a  good  home  place  pro- 
vided with  good  buildings  and  fitted  in  an  excellent 
manner,  everything  displaying  good  taste  and  thrift. 
The  golden  years  of  his  life  are  now  beginning  to  run 
apace  and  he  is  secure  in  the  esteem  and  confidence  of 
all  who  know  him. 


RUDOLPH  DRAVES  is  one  of  the  agriculturists 
and  stockmen  of  the  county  of  Kootenai,  his  home  and 
farm  being  three  miles  east  from  Porthill,  where  he 
has  good  improvements  and  is  prospering.  His  birth 
occurred  in  Mishicot,  Wisconsin,  on  May  II,  1858, 
his  parents  being  Fred  and  Annie  Draves.  natives  of 
Germany.  They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1852, 
locating  in  Mishicot,  and  in  1861  the  father  enlisted 
in  the  Civil  war,  where  he  did  brave  and  faithful  serv- 
ice for  three  years.  After  the  war  he  worked  in  th< 
saw  mills  for  fifteen  years  and  then  bought  eighty 
acres  of  land  which  he  has  farmed  since,  both  he  and 
his  wife  living  there  now.  There  were  the  following 
children  in  the  family:  Henry,  married  and  dwell- 
ing in  Mishicot;  Richard  also  married  and  living 
there;  Josephine,  married  to  August  Stick,  living  in 
Cooperstown.  Wisconsin  ;  Rudolph,  the  immediate  sub- 
ject of  this  article;  August,  married  and  living 


ilishicot;  Otto,  married  and  living  in  Cooperstown, 
Wisconsin ;  Annie,  married  and  living  in  Mishicot. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
Mishicot  and  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was 

•nteen  and  then  he  learned  the  harness  trade. 
Three  years  were  spent  in  this  and  then  he  went  to 
Medfofd,  Wisconsin,  and  there  wrought  in  a  harness 
shop  and  a  saw  mill  for  four  years.  Selling  out  there 
ic  went  to  Eagle  river,  into  the  lumber  woods.  He 
;lso  worked  as  cruiser  for  seven  years  for  a  company 
and  then  later  kept  a  hotel.  At"  Tomahawk  lake  he 
kept  a  hotel  for  four  years  and  in  1897  came  west. 
He  located  in  Porthill  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
ook  up  his  present  home  place  as  a  homestead.  In 
iddition  to  other  industries  he  is  raising  many  flocks 
of  different  varieties  of  poultry,  wherein  he  is  success- 
ful. 

Mr.  Draves  married  Miss  Frances  Buckbager,  a 
native  of  Germany.  He  takes  part  in  political  matters 
and  while  in  Wisconsin  he  served  as  road  supervisor 
for  three  years,  and  also  as  assessor,  when  in  Eagle 

r.  Mr.  Draves  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Presbvterian  church. 


JOSEPH  SMITH.  The  list  of  early  pioneers  to  the 
lower  Kootenai  valley  would  not  be  complete  without 
mention  of  this  esteemed  gentleman,  whose  labors  have 
been  wisely  bestowed  in  the  development  of  this 
country  and  the  advancing  of  his  own  business  in- 
terests! 

Joseph  Smith  was  born  in  Canada  in  1848,  be- 
ing'the  son  of  Prespere  and  Harriett  (Jollie)  Smith, 
natives  of  Canada,  where  they  remained  until  their 
death.  The  father  was  an  engineer  on  a  steamboat 
from  Montreal  to  Quebec.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  place  .and  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  years  he  started  from  the  parental  home  and 
made  his  way  to  the  United  States.  He  went  to 
Massachusetts  and  worked  in  a  shoe  factory  for  ten 
years.  In  1878  he  came  thence  to  California  and  there 
wrought  at  his  trade  and  driving  team  until  1886. 
when  he  came  to  Spokane.  Farming  occupied  him 
for  a  couple  of  years  and  then  he  took  one  hundred 
head  of  cattle  from  a  stockman  on  shares.  Each  was 
to  have  half  at  the  end  of  five  years.  The  first  winter 
was  disastrous,  as  it  was  hard'  and  scanty  feed  could 
be  cut.  Mr.  Smith  was  forced  to  face  the  hardship 
of  seeing  many  of  his  cattle  die.  However,  he  be- 
gan to  prosper  after  that  but  the  stockman  with  whom 
he  dealt  came  and  took  two  hundred  and  fifty  head 
of  stock  in  three  years  from  the  beginning  of  their  deal 
and  two  years  later  came  and  took  the  entire  number, 
two  hundred  and  fifty,  remaining.  Thus  Mr.  Smith 
was  left  with  but  one'  lame  cow  and  all  his  work  and 
hard  labor  was  stolen  by  another.  He  did  not  lose 
courage,  but  went  to  work  putting  up  hay  and  getting 
stock  as  he  could  and  he  prospered  well,  for  last  year 
he  sold  forty  head.  He  has  some  stock  left,  owns 
nearly  three  hundred  acres  of  land,  raises  hay  and  also 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


does  a  general  farming  business  and  raises  fruit.     Mr. 

and  has  always  manifested  good  industry  and  worthy 
qualities.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  at 
Porthill  and  also  of  the  M.  W.  A.  of  the  same  place. 
In  church  relations  he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Catholic 


VOLNEY  W.  WASHBURN,  deceased.  It  is 
quite  fitting  that  a  memorial  of  the  distinguished  citi- 
zen of  our  county  whose  name  appears  above  should 
be  granted  space  in  this  volume  of  history  since  he 
was  one  whose  labors  accomplished  much  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  country  and  who  was  a  leader  among 
his  fellows. 

Volney  W.  Washburn  was  born  in  New  York  on 
June  15,  1849,  being  the  son  of  Luman  and  Temperan 
"(Horton)  Washburn,  natives  of  New  York.  They 
removed  thence  to  Illinois  and  later  to  Iowa,  where  they 
died.  Our  subject  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  enlisted  in  Company 
G,  Twenty-first  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  on  October  10,  1865.  Return- 
ing to  Illinois  after  the  war  he  worked  out  until 
twenty-one  and  then  married.  In  1879  he  removed 
to  Grant  county,  Dakota,  and  in  1881  to  Ottertail 
county,  Minnesota.  It  was  1886  that  the  family  all 
came  to  Wardner,  Idaho,  and  nine  years  were  spent 
there.  In  1894  he  came  to  this  valley  and  located  on 
railroad  land  where  the  widow  now  resides,  two  miles 
north  from  Copeland.  The  estate  consists  of  two 
hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  good  land,  fine  buildings, 
good  orchards  and  stock  sufficient  for  the  place.  On 
August  24,  1901,  Mr.  Washburn  died,  and  he  was 
sincerely  mourned  through  the  entire  valley  as  he  was 
a  good  man  and  had  scores  of  friends. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Washburn  and  Miss  Anna 
Siverson,  daughter  of  Sever  and  Martha  (Olsen) 
Siverson,  was  solemnized  in  1871.  Mrs.  Washburn's 
mother  died  in  Norway,  the  native  land,  when  this 
daughter  was  four  years  old.  The  father  came  to 
America  and  settled  in  Iowa,  where  he  remained  un- 
til the  time  of  his  death  in  1902.  Mrs.  Washburn  has 
one  brother,  Ole,  in  Iowa,  and  one  sister,  Anna,  wife 
of  William  Girrard,  near  Fenan  lake,  in  this  county. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Washburn  there  have  been  born  nine 
children,  as  follows:  John  L.,  with  his  moher;  Noah 
H.,  married  to  Angeline  Kerchival ;  Martha  A.,  wife 
of  H.  Guthrie ;  Nellie  T.,  wife  of  George  B.  Whitnev ; 
Annie  L.,  wife  of  Chauncey  Guthrie;  Volney  W.. 
Bertha  May,  Harvey  H.  and  Eva  V.,  with  their 
mother ;  the  others  are  all  living  in  the  valley. 

Mr.  Washburn  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  having  been  a  noble  grand  and  also  organ- 
izer for  the  order.  He  was  a  Democrat  in  politics 
and  active.  In  Dakota  he  was  sheriff  of  Grant  county 
and  in  Wardner  he  was  constable,  having  also  held 
this  last  office  in  Iowa.  He  was  a  man  beloved  by 
all  and  much  credit  is  due  him  for  the  worthy  labors 
he  accomplished.  Mrs.  Washburn  is  nobly  taking  up 


the  added  burdens  of  life  and  has  reared  her  children 
in  the  paths  of  good  morals  and  she  is  highly  respected 
by  all. 


JOSEPH  ANDERSON.  One  of  the  younger  men 
who  are  achieving  success  in  raising  stock  and  farm- 
ing in  the  fertile  Kootenai  valley  because  of  industry 
and  thrift  is  named  at  the  head  of  this  article  and  it 
is  right  that  to  Mr.  Anderson  we  should  accord  a 
special  representation  in  the  history  of  the  county,  for 
he  has  done  much  for  the  upbuilding  and  advancement 
of  the  county,  being  a  substantial  man  and  good 

Joseph  Anderson  was  born  in  Welland,  Ontario, 
on  February  10,  1872,  being  the  son  of  James  and 
Ellen  (McGivney)  Anderson,  natives  of  Canada, 
where  they  are  now  living.  Our  subject  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters:  Fred,  in  Buffalo,  New 
York;  James,  in  Welland;  Ada  J.,  wife  of  Leonard 
Matthews,  in  Port  Dove,  Canada;  Mary,  single  and 
living  in  Buffalo,  New  York ;  Nellie,  single  and  living 
in  Tilsimburg,  Ontario;  Sarah,  in  the  same  place; 
Minnie,  also  in  the  same  town.  Joseph  re- 
ceived a  good  education  in  the  excellent  schools 
of  Ontario  and  when  sixteen  years  of  age 
he  went  to  work  for  the  Michigan  Central  railroad, 
where  he  spent  one  year  and  six  months.  The  next 
six  months  were  spent  in  the  employ  of  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad  Company,  and  then  he  returned  to 
the  Michigan  Central  and  one  year  later  migrated  to 
the  Northwest  Territory.  He  worked  for  the  -Re- 
clamation Company  for  six  years  and  then  came  to 
Kootenai  county  in  1892.  He  fired  on  a  steam  shovel 
for  the  Reclamation  Company  for  a  time  and  then 
in  1897  came  to  his  present  location  immediately 
south  from  the  town  of  Porthill.  He  has  one  hundred 
acres  of  land,  most  of  which  is  into  hay.  He  handles 
about  thirty  head  of  stock  and  also  does  a  general 
farming  business. 

In  1897  Mr.  Anderson  married  Miss  Daisy  V., 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Louise  (Klein)  Sloop.  The 
parents  are  mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this  work. 
One  child,  Nellie,  has  been  born  to  this  happy  umon. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anderson  are  devoted  members  of  the 
Lutheran  church. 


BARBARA  ERLENWEIN.  It  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  to  the  estimable  lady 
whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph  a  representation 
in  this  volume,  since  she  is  one  of  the  capable  and 
worthy  residents  of  Kootenai  valley  and  deserves  men- 
tion in  the  history  of  her  county,  having  wrought 
here  with  manifestation  of  wisdom,  industry  and  ability 
for  a  number  of  years,  achieving  a  good  success  in 
material  things. 

Barbara  Erlenwein  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri, on  March  24,  1857,  being  the  daughter  of  Jacob 
and  Christine  (Fisher)  Erlenwein,  natives  of  Ger- 
many. They  came  to  this  country  in  1857  and  settled 
in  Wisconsin.  In  Shelby,  that  state,  she  received  a 


VOLNEY  W.  WASHBURN. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


845 


good  schooling  and  grew  to  womanhood.  At  the  age 
of  nineteen  she  married  Mr.  Frank  M.  Lucas,  a  butcher 
by  trade.  They  removed  to  North  La  Crosse  and  there 
he  did  business  for  a  time.  Mr.  Lucas  was  a  man  of 
such  terrible  temper  that  it  was  dangerous  to  be  around 
him,  and  so  our  subject  was  forced  to  secure  a  di- 
vorce after  enduring  life  with  him  for  nineteen  years. 
In  1891  siie  came  to  Kootenai  county  and  located  a 
homestead  and  since  that  time  she  has  taken  care  of 
all  her  interests  in  good  shape  herself,  manifesting  both 
great  perseverance  and  courage,  as  well  as  excellent 
wisdom  and  skill  in  the  management  of  her  business 
affairs  and  the  conduct  of  her  estate.  She  has  a  good 
bunch  of  stock,  milks  five  cows  and  raises  a  great  deal 
of  poultry.  In  addition  to  the  homestead,  she  has  one 
hundred  and  fifteen  acres  of  railroad  land  which  she 
purchased  and  which  is  fine  hay  land. 

One  child  was  born  to  our  subject  in  her  marriage, 
Isabella,  now  the  wife  of  Donald  H.  Chisholm,  men- 
tion of  whom  is  made  in  this  volume.  Miss  Erlenwem 
is  a  lady  whose  upright  life  and  excellent  ways  have 
commended  her  to  the  good  will  and  esteem  of  all  her 
neighbors  and  acquaintances  and  she  has  hosts  of 
friends. 


CHARLES  OLDS  resides  three  miles  south  from 
Porthill  on  a  half-section  of  land  which  forms  the  home 
estate  and  which  he  is  handling  to  general  farming 
and  hay.  He  owns  a  score  or  more  of  cattle  and  is 
numbered  with  the  intelligent  and  prosperous  men  of 
this  portion  of  the  valley,  being  also  a  man  of  good 
principles  and  so  conducting  himself  that  he  is  re- 
spected and  commended  by  all. 

Charles  Olds  was  born  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  on 
December  25,  186},  being  the  son  of  Luther  and  Caro- 
line E.  (Ransome)  Olds,  natives  of  New  York.  They 
came  west  to  Oregon  in  1864,  crossing  the  plains  with 
teams,  and  located  in  Humboldt,  Oregon.  Later  they 
removed  to  California  and  then  returned  to  Portland, 
thence  they  migrated  to  Whitman  county,  Washington. 
In  that  county  the  father  lived  until  his  death  in  1890. 
The  mother  then  sold  out  and  came  to  dwell  with  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  where  she  is  at  the  present  time. 
Our  subject  was  but  four  months  of  age  when  the 
parents  came  across  the  plains  and  in  all  of  their  jour- 
neys he  was  one  of  the  party.  He  gained  his  educa- 
tion from  the  schools  of  Portland  before  he  was  four- 
teen and  then  worked  for  his  parents  until  he  was 
twenty-four  years  of  age.  Then  he  bought  a  band  of 
sheep  and  continued  that  industry  for  four  years;  he 
had  the  misfortune  to  lose  his  whole  band  during  a 
bad  winter.  After  that  heavy  loss  Mr.  Olds  came  to 
the  Kootenai  valley,  in  1893.  He  prospected  for  six 
years,  but  did  not  find  any  properties  that  paid.  He 
then  turned  his  attention  to  farming  and  in  1898 
bought  a  quarter-section  from  the  railroad  and  then 
took  a  homestead,  where  he  now  lives.  As  stated 
above,  he  now  devotes  his  attention  to  the  farm  and 
stock. 

In  1898  Mr.  Olds  married  Miss  Iva  V.,  daughter  of 
J.  A.  and  Louise  (Kline)  Sloop,  natives  of  Missouri. 


They  came  to  the  Kootenai  valley  in  1893  and  there 
the  mother  died  in  1898,  but  the  father  still  lives  on 
his  farm  near  Porthill.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Olds  have  one 
child,  Marjorie.  Mrs.  Olds  has  three  sisters :  Clara, 
wife  of  C.  D.  Black,  living  in  the  Kootenai  valley; 
Daisy,  wife  of  Joseph  Anderson,  near  Porthill :  Ruby, 
single  and  living  with  her  sister,  Mrs.  Olds.  Mr.  Olds 
has  one  brother  and  two  sisters :  Augustus,  married 
and  living  at  Harrison  Lake,  British  Columbia ;  Ella, 
wife  of  William  Gilmore,  in  California;  Mary,  wife 
of  N.  P.  Helm,  in  Coeur  d'Alene.  Mr.  Olds  is  "a  good 

quaintances  and  is  one  of  the  sturdy  men  who  have 
built  up  the  valley. 


JAMES  R.  ECKERT.     This  well  known  agricur 
arist  and  stockman  of  the  Kootenai  valley  has  a  fine 


from  Copeland,  where  his  family  residence  is  located. 
He  handles  about  three  hundred  acres  to  general 

raising  one  hundred  head  of  cattle.  He  has  good  im- 
provements and  an  estate  that  is  very  valuable. 

James  R.  Eckert  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Fairrield 
county,  Ohio,  on  February  8,  1857,  being  the  son  of 
Henry  S.  and  Mariah  ( Shafer)  Eckert,  natives  of 
Ohio,  where  they  farmed  until  their  death,  the  father 
passing  away  in  1881  and  the  mother  in  1885.  Uur 

mained  at  home  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty- 
four  and  then  came  west  to  Idaho  county,  Idaho,  in 
1886.  He  remained  there  for  three  years  and  then  re- 
moved to  Porthill,  where  he  and  his  brother  lost  nearly 
a  thousand  head  of  cattle.  After  this  severe  setback- 
Air.  Eckert  went  to  butchering  for  the  Great  North- 
ern for  one  year  and  then  he  located  his  present  place. 
He  took  a.  homestead  and  bought  railroad  land  and 
settled  down  to  raising  stock  and  farming.  He  has 
made  a  fine  success  of  it  and  has  a  comfortable  home 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  and  substantial  men  «i  this 

In  '1892  Mr.  Eckert  married  Miss  Kittie  R.  Kil- 
bury,  a  daughter  of  Ruth  A.  Thompson,  mention  of 
whom  is  made  in  this  volume.  Mr.  Eckert  has  had 
three  brothers  and  six  sisters,  three  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing; they  are:  J.  L.,  living  in  Idaho  county.  Idaho: 
George  D..  on  the  old  homestead  in  Ohio:  Henry  S.. 
in  Ohio ;  Catherine  E.,  married  to  E.  Fields,  in  Lan- 
caster, Ohio;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  E.  C.  Pierce,  in  Ohio: 
Clara,  wife  of  John  Rosenburg,  in  Clcrmont.  Florida. 


LOUIS  W.  ERLENWEIN  is  a  prosperous  and 
thrifty  farmer  and  owner  of  stock  who  lives  about 
three  and  one-half  miles  south  from  Porthill.  He  is 
one  of  the  men  whose  faithful  labors  have  improved 
the  valley  and  made  it  one  of  the  rich  portions  of 
the  state,  and  he  is  now  devoting-  his  attention  to  the 
care  of  his  stock,  of  which  he  has  nearly  fifty  head,  be- 


846 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


i-ides  also  doing  a  general  farming  business.  He 
raises  fruit,  having  about  four  hundred  choice  treees 

Louis  W.  Erlenwein  was  born  in  La  Crosse,  Wis- 
consin, on  November  30,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Jacob 
and  Christine  (Fisher)  Erlenwein,  natives  of  Germany. 
They  came  to  this  country  in  the  early  'fifties,  locating 
in  Wisconsin,  where  they  farmed  until  the  time  of  their 
death.  The  father  died  in  1874  and  the  mother  in 
1889.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  La  Crosse  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  their  death,  he  then  be- 
ing twenty-three  years  of  age.  He  worked  in  La 
Crosse  some  time  after  this  and  also  went  into  business 
there  for  five  years.  In  1891  he  sold  his  interests  there 
and  then  came  west,  locating  in  the  Kootenai  valley, 
where  he  has  resided  since.  Mr.  Erlenwein  took  a 
homestead  and  in  addition  purchased  railroad  land 
until  he  has  over  one-half  section.  He  also  owns  two 
hundred  and  seventy-five  acres  in  partnership  with  his 
sister.  He  utilizes  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres  for  hay 
and  the  rest  of  the  land  for  pasture,  for  general  farm- 
ing and  for  fruit. 

In  1896  Mr.  Erlenwein  married  Miss  Minnie  Pol- 
zin,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Germany.  They 
came  to  America  in  early  days  and  located  in  Wis- 
consin, where  they  tilled  the  soil  many  years  and  then 
removed  to  Minnesota,  where  they  now  live.  Mr. 
Erlenwein  and  his  estimable  wife  have  three  children, 
Erwin,  Louis  and  Minnie.  Mr.  Erlenwein  has  dem- 
onstrated his  industry  and  capabilities  to  handle  the 
resources  of  the  country  in  a  successful  manner  and 
he  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  respected  citizens  and 
is  entitled  to  much  credit  for  the  part  he  has  taken  in 
the  excellent  efforts  of  development. 


DONALD  H.  CHISHOLM  is  a  representative 
stockman  and  farmer  of  the  Kootenai  valley.  His 
estate  of  over  one  section  of  land  lies  two  and  one-half 
miles  west  from  Copeland  and  he  has  it  well  improved. 
He  handles  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  head  of  stock, 
puts  up  considerable  hay,  does  a  general  farming  busi- 
ness and  is  one  of  the  reliable  and  progressive  men  of 
the  valley. 

Donald  H.  Chisholm  was  born  in  Cape  Breton, 
Canada,  on  May  4,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Colin  and 
Anna  (McKinnon)  Chisholm,  natives  of  Scotland,  but 
immigrants  to  Cape  Breton  country  when  young. 
There  they  remained  as  tillers  of  the  soil  until  the  time 
of  their  death,  the  mother's  occurring  in  1884  and  the 
father  passing  away  in  1889.  Donald  H.  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  remained  at  home  a  dutiful 
son  until  he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age.  Then  he 
came  to  Montana  and  located  in  Livingston. 
.  One  year  later  he  removed  to  Sun  River,  Montana, 
and  there  bought  a  team  and  went  at  public  work. 
He  increased  his  teams  and  took  up  freighting,  at 
which  he  labored  for  four  years  and  then  sold  out  and 
came  to  the  Kootenai  valley.  In  1891  Mr.  Chisholm 
located  a  homestead,  where  he  now  lives,  and  since 
that  time  he  has  devoted  his  efforts  to  improving  his 
estate  and  raising  stock.  He  first  bought  twenty-two 


head  and  from  that  start  he  has  sold  many  head  and 
now  has  over  fifty  cattle  besides  his  other  stock. 

In  1895  Mr.  Chisholm  married  Isabella  Lucas,  a 
daughter  of  Frank  and  Barbara  (Erlenwein)  Lucas, 
natives  of  Wisconsin.  They  came  west  in  1891  and 
now  reside  in  the  Kootenai  valley.  Four  children, 
named  as  follows,  have  come  to  bless  the  home  of  our 
subject:  Annabel!  R.,  Donald  H.,  Colin  Ulysses  and 
Vivian  Veloid.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Chisholm  is 
allied  with  the  Republicans  and  always  evinces  an  act- 
ive interest  in  the  affairs  of  local  import.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  Bonner's  Ferry,  while 
Mrs.  Chisholm  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 
In  the  conduct  of  his  business  enterprises  Mr.  Chis- 
holm has  shown  commendable  wisdom  and  has  ac- 
cumulated a  handsome  holding,  while  in  his  personal 
walk  he  has  always  manifested  integrity  and  is  a  man 
of  reliability  and  uprightness. 


BENJAMIN  F.  GRACE.  This  pioneer  and 
worthy  representative  of  the  agricultural  interests  of 
Kootenai  county  has  a  fine  estate  of  nearly  three 
hundred  acres  four  miles  north  from  Bonners  Ferry, 
where  the  family  residence  is  at  present.  He  has  two 
hundred  acres  in  hay,  a  fine  ten-acre  orchard,  garden, 
and  so  forth,  making  him  a  valuable  place,  which  in 
the  present  market  ruling  would  be  well  worth  five 
thousand  dollars.  It  was  in  1892  that  Mr.  Grace  came 
to  this  section  and  took  a  quarter  section  as  a  home- 
stead, purchasing  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  later. 
He  is  one  of  the  thrifty  and  prosperous  farmers  of  the 
section  and  is  well  respected  by  all. 

Benjamin  F.  Grace  was  born  in  Hinesburgh,  Ver- 
mont, on  March  4,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Harrison 
and  Hannah  (Mosier)  Grace.  '  The  father  was  a  na- 
tive of  Bangor,  Maine,  and  died  in  1864  in  the  state 
of  New  York.  The  mother  then  lived  in  Clinton 
county,  New  York,  where  she  raised  her  family  of 
four  children  on  a  farm.  In  1879  she  came  to  Lead- 
ville,  Colorado,  later  went  to  Basalt,  in  that  state  and 
there  she  remained  with  her  son,  L.  F.,  until  the  time 
of  her  departure  to  the  world  beyond,  in  July,  1902. 
In  Ellensburgh,  New  York,  our  subject  received  a  com- 
mon schooling  and  he  worked  and  gave  his  earnings 
to  his  mother  until  he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age. 
He  spent  two  years  in  mining  at  Leadville  and  then 
bought  a  freighting  outfit  and  freighted  along  ahead 
of  the  railroad  until  1888,  at  which  time  he  sold  out 
and  settled  to  farming  for  two  years.  Selling  again, 
he  came  to  Mullan,  Idaho,  and  worked  on  railroad 
construction  for  two  years.  His  next  move  was  to 
Bonners  Ferry,  as  stated  above,  this  being  in  1892. 

In  1879  Mr.  Grace  married  Miss  Ida,  daughter  of 
lames  and  Sophia  (Wiggins)  Hodgson,  natives  of 
New  Brunswick.  They  came  to  Colorado  in  1878, 
settling  at  Aspen,  later  going  to  New  Castle,  and  now 
live  in  Marble.  Colorado.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grace 
there  have  been  two  children  born,  Eva  M.  and  Sophia 
M.  Mr.  Grace  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  at 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Bonners  Ferry  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Re- 
bekahs  there  also.  They  are  both  members  of  the 
Methodist  church.  Mr.  Grace  and  his  faithful  wife 
have  wrought  well  in  the  building  up  of  this  section 
and  have  gained  not  only  a  good  property  holding 
but  also  the  good  will  and  esteem  of  all  who  may 
have  the  pleasure  of  their  acquaintance. 


JOHN  P.  DUNN  was  born  in  Perry  county,  Ten- 
nessee, on  May  5,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Bolden  and 
Catherine  Dunn,  natives  of  Tennessee.  On  the  same 
day  in  1865,  the  father  and  mother  died  of  that  dread 
disease,  smallpox,  and  were  buried  the  same  day.  Two 
boys  and  one  girl  were  left  orphans  by  this  sad  event 
and  our  subject  was  placed  in  a  Catholic  orphanage. 
One  year  later  he  was  given  to  Mr.  McAtee,  and  soon 
after  that  he  went  to  Callaway  county,  Missouri, 
where  he  remained  until  he  was  twenty  years  old.  He 
lived  in  Arkansas  one  year,  then  removed  to  Fay- 
ette  county,  Illinois,  after  which  he  went  to  Texas. 
Returning  to  Arkansas  he  later  went  to  Missouri  and 
in  1888  he  came  thence  to  Oregon.  Soon  he  was  in 
Spokane,  later  returned  to  Oregon  and  in  1890  he 
came  to  his  present  place,  which  lies  five  miles  south- 
west from  Bonners  Ferry,  near  Moravia.  He  settled 
un  unimproved  land  and  had  a  family  of  wife  and 
three  children.  Mr.  Dunn  commenced  operations 
here  without  a  dollar  of  capital  and  his  energy,  thrift 
and  sagacity  in  handling  his  business  affairs  have 
conserved  his  interests  so  well  that  at  the  present  time 
he  is  worth,  upon  a  conservative  estimate,  at  least 
ten  thousand  dollars.  He  does  a  great  deal  of  gar- 
dening and  operates  in  the  lumber  industn  as  well, 
while  he  handles  considerable  stock,  too. 

In  1883  Mr.  Dunn  married  Miss  Nanny  Hicks, 
who  died  one  year  later.  In  1885  he  contracted  a 
second  marriage,  Isabella  Barr  becoming  his  wife  on 
this  occasion.  Her  parents  were  Henry  and  Louisa 
Barr,  natives  of  Indiana.  They  came  to  Missouri  in 
an  early  day  and  the  father  died  several  years  ago, 
but  the  mother  still  lives  in  White  Oak,  Missouri. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dunn  are  parents  of  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living  as  follows:  Nana  Perl, 
Charles  W.,  Cora  C.,  May  B.,  Harry  P.,  Alice  B., 
Effie  D.  Mr.  Dunn  is  a  Democrat  in  political  mat- 
ters and  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  school  board 
since  his  advent  into  the  country.  Eight  years  steady 
he  has  served  as  clerk  and  he  is  a  prominent  figure  in 
the  promotion  of  good  schools  and  is  always  on  the 
side  of  advancement  and  progress. 


MARTIN  PETERSON.  This  substantial  and 
upright  citizen  is  a  resident  of  Kootenai  county,  his 
home  place  being  a  farm  two  and  one-half  miles  west 
from  Bonners  Ferry.  He  has  a  good  house,  barn,  and 
other  buildings  which  he  erected  with  his  own  labor. 
His  place  is  fenced  and  partially  under  cultivation. 


He  handles  about  fifteen  head  of  cattle  and  some 
horses  and  does  a  general  farming  business. 

Martin  Peterson  was  born  in  Wanjan,  Sweden, 
on  July  27,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Annie 
(Peterson)  Peterson,  natives  of  Sweden,  where  they 
remained  until  the  time  of  their  death.  Martin  was 
reared  on  a  farm,  gained  a  common  school  education, 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  eighteen 
and  then  he  worked  in  the  lumber  woods  until  1880, 
in  which  year  he  made  the  pilgrimage  to  the  United 
States,  locating  first  in  Minneapolis,  where  he  worked 
for  the  Standard  Flour  Mill  Company  for  one  year. 
Next  we  see  him  in  Bismarck,  North  Dakota,  where 
he  took  up  a  homestead  and,  in  company  with  his  two 
brothers,  he  farmed  there  for  seven  years.  He  sold 
out  then  and  went  to  Great  Falls,  'Montana,  and 
wrought  at  the  stone  mason  trade  for  eleven  years, 
doing  well.  In  1897  he  visited  the  home  of  his  child- 
hood, making  a  visit  of  six  months.  His  family  ac- 
companied him  on  this  trip,  and  upon  his  return  he 
brought  his  wife's  parents  to  America  with  him.  Mr. 
Peterson  then  came  to  his  present  location,  the  year 
being  1898.  purchasing  a  quarter  section  from  the 
railroad  company. 

In  1885  Mr.  Peterson  married  Miss  May,  daughter 
ter  of  Olof  and  Mary  (Erickson)  Olson,  natives  of 
Sweden.  They  now  live  with  Mr.  Peterson.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Peterson  there  have  been  born  five  children, 
August,  Mary,  Fred,  Eddie  and  Harry,  all  at  home 
with  their  parents.  Mr.  Peterson  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  at  Bonners  Ferry,  and  also  of  the  M.  W. 
A.  He  and  his  family  affiliate  with  the  Lutheran 
church.  Mr.  Peterson  is  one  of  the  respected  and 
thrifty  citizens  of  the  county  and  has  gained  by  his 
uprightness  the  esteem  of  all,  while  his  business  capa- 
bilities have  made  his  present  good  holding  in  prop- 
erty matters.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Peterson  is  a 
Republican. 


B.  NELS  PETERSON.  This  enterprising  gen- 
tleman is  one  of  the  leading  property  owners  and  suc- 
cessful stockmen  of  the  county  of  Kootenai,  his  fine 
estate  of  four  hundred  acres  being  located  at  Moravia 
station,  five  miles  south  from  Bonners  Ferry.  Upon 
his  land  Mr.  Peterson  has  an  imposing  residence  cost- 
ing nearly  two  thousand  dollars,  out  buildings  and 
barns  that  are  needed,  a  fine  orchard  of  three  hundred 
trees  of  different  varieties,  and  everything  in  tiptop 
shape.  Nearly  all  of  this  land  is  under  cultivation  and 
Mr.  Peterson  reaps  annually  lucrative  returns  from 
his  bounteous  crops.  In  addition  to  the  general  farm- 
ing that  he  does,  he  handles  stock,  having  in  the 
neighborhood  of  fifty  head  now,  including  all  kinds. 
When  one  considers  that  Mr.  Peterson  came  here  but 
a  few  years  since  and  took  this  land  in  the  raw.  his 
achievements  are  indication  of  excellent  thrift  and 
wisdom. 

Turning  more  to  the  details  of  his  career,  we  note 
that  Mr.  Peterson  was  born  in  Wanjan,  Sweden,  on 
June  8,  1851.  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Anna  Peter- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


son,  also  natives  of  Sweden.  They  were  thrifty  far- 
mers there  and  remained  until  their  death.  B.  Nels 
was  educated  in  his  native  land  and  there  remained 
with  his  parents  until  twenty-one.  Then  he  worked 
out  until  twenty-eight  and  at  that  time  built  a  fine 
home  and  got  married.  In  1881  he  left  this  home  and 
came  to  America.  At  first  he  located  in  Minneapolis 
and  there  remained  over  one  year,  and  then  he  jour- 
neyed to  Bismarck,  North  Dakota,  and  took  a  home- 
stead. Seven  years  were  spent  there  and  finally  the 
drouth  drove  him  out.  He  took  his  stock  and  pre- 
pared wagons  and  drove  to  Great  Falls,  Montana. 
A  short  stop  was  made  there  and  then  he  came  to  his 
present  place,  still  making  the  journey  with  teams.  He 
located  on  a  piece  of  land  and  later  bought  a  squat- 
ter's right,  which  was  purchased  later  from  the  rail- 
road, and  also  he  purchased  two  hundred  and  forty 
addition  to  this,  making  a  total  of  four  hun- 
unde 


'and  other  prod- 
le improve- 
orth at  least 


, 

dred  acres  of  fertile  soil.     It  i 
tion  and  produces  great  crops  of  h 
ucts.     The  entire  estate,   with   its 
ments,  is  conservatively  estimated  to  be 
ten  thousand  dollars. 

In  Sweden,  in  the  year  1879,  Mr.  Peterson  mar- 
ried Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Olof  and  Marv  (Brick- 
son)  Olson,  natives  of  Sweden.  To  this  happy  union 
there  have  been  born  seven  children,  Frank,  "  Selma, 
attending  school  in  Great  Falls,  Montana-  Freda' 
Minnie,  Albert,  Edwin  and  Willie.  All  the  children 
are  at  home.  Mrs.  Peterson's  parents  live  with  Mr. 
Peterson,  and  his  brother,  Martin,  another  son-in- 
law.  Mr.  Peterson  is  a  Republican  and  is  active  in 
the  local  affairs.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  in 
Bonners  Ferry,  and  his  family  with  him  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  church.  Mr.  Peterson  has  made 
a  fine  record  here  in  business  matters  and  he  stands 
well  socially  and  his  reputation  is  untarnished. 


RICHARD  W.  BURKE.  To  the  noble  men  who 
pushed  into  the  fastnesses  of  the  mountains,  unlock-in" 
the  vaults  of  nature's  treasure  house;  who  blazed  the 
way  through  the  wilderness  to  build  homes  in  this 
wild  country;  who  have  steadily  pursued  this  worthy 
course  without  murmur  or  flinching;  to  such,  we  say, 
let  all  honor  be  paid  as  true  pioneers  and  worthy  of 
the  pioneers'  tributes  of  praise.  Such  an  one  is' the 
subject  of  this  article  and  it  is  a  pleasure  to  epitomize 
his  career  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

Richard  W.  Burke  was  born  in 'Keeseville,  New 
York,  on  February  25,  1850,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Mary  (Hayes)  Burke,. natives  of  Ireland.  They 
came  to  America  in  1851,  locating  in  New  York,  where 
they  remained  sixteen  years.  Then  they  came  to  Osh- 
kosh, Wisconsin,  where  they  now  live,  the  father  being 
a  retired  merchant.  When  Richard  was  an  infant  the 
family  went  to  Plattsburg,  New  York,  and  there  he 
was  educated.  He  remained  with  his  father  until  he 
was  twenty-nine  years  old  and  then  came  to  Mon- 
tana, and  in  the  National  Park  country  he  prospected 
for  ten  years  making  some  good  locations  and  sales. 


In  1889  he  came  to  the  Cceur  d'Alene  country  and 
there,  and  later  in  the  Flathead  country,  he  prospected 
and  worked  for  three  years.  It  was  in  1891  that  he 
came  to  Bonners  Ferry.  He  took  a  squatters  right 
and  improved  the  place,  but  later  sold  his  right  and 
located  where  he  now  lives,  one  and  one-half  miles 
south  of  Bonners  Ferry.  He  has  a  good  place,  well 
improved  by  his  own  labors  and  it  is  now  productive 
of  good  returns  in  crops.  He  has  house,  barn,  land  all 
fenced,  and  a  fine  orchard  which  produces  abundantly. 
Mr.  Burke  has  done  much  prospecting  in  addition  to 
his  other  arduous  labors  and  he  has  three  claims  ad- 
joining the  Keystone  mine,  besides  other  properties. 
He  spent  one  year  prospecting  in  British  Columbia.  In 
addition  to  the  other  items  mentioned,  Mr.  Burke  cuts 
annually  about  forty  tons  of  hay  and  handles  some 
stock. 

The  brothers  and  sisters  of  our  subject  are  named 
as  follows :  Kate,  wife  of  Charles  Cans,  in  Missoula, 
Montana ;  Annie,  married  and  living  in  Oshkosh,  Wis- 
consin; Maggie,  living  in  Missoula,  Montana;  John, 
married  and  living  in  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin;  James, 
single,  now  in  Alaska;  Daniel,  living  in  Iowa;  Will- 
iam, at  Sandpoint;  also  Mr.  Burke  has  a  nephew.  Ed- 
ward L.  Burke,  living  in  British  Columbia,  and  oper- 
ating as  conductor  on  the  C.  P.  railroad.  A  niece  of 
our  subject  lives  in  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin,  named 
Mamie  Burke.  Mr.  Burke  is  a  member  of  the  Cath- 
olic church.  He  is  a  man  who  receives  the  respect  and 
esteem  of  his  fellows  and  is  a  substantial  citizen. 


RUTH  A.  THOMPSON.  There  are  few  in  the 
lower  Kootenai  valley  that  are -not  acquainted  with 
Mrs-.  Ruth  A.  Thompson,  the  subject  of  this  article. 
She  is  a  woman  of  remarkable  business  ability,  and  has 
seen  not  only  the  hardships  of  the  pioneer's  life  in  the 
new  sections  of  the  west,  but  she  has  also  been  called 
upon  to  endure  the  trials  and  misfortunes  that  fate 
oftentimes  places  upon  members  of  our  race,  seem- 
ingly selecting,  as  in  this  case,  those  who  are  filled  with 
courage  and  determination  to  win  despite  the  obstacles 
and  barriers. 

An  account  of  Mrs.  Thompson's  life  will  be  inter- 
esting to  the  readers  of  the  history  of  our  county  and 
therefore  we  append  an  epitome.  She  was  bo'rn  in 
Senaca  county,  Ohio,  on  May  22,  1830,  being  the 
daughter  of  Lieutenant  John  and  Mary  M.  (Curtis) 
Whiteside.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Dublin,  Ireland, 
and  came  to  Americt  in  1810,  locating  in  southern  Ohio. 
He  had  the  distinction  of  being  a  lieutenant  in  the  war 
of  1812.  The  mother  was  born  in  Virginia  and  went 
to  Ohio  in  1825,  and  there  married  Mr.  Whiteside  in 
1828.  Later  they  settled  in  Madison  county,  that  state, 
and  there  in  1844  Mr.  Whiteside  was  drowned.  Then 
Mrs.  Whiteside  removed  to  Indiana  and  remained  there 
until  her  death  in  1882.  Our  subject  had  but  little 
opportunity  to  gain  an  education,  there  being  no  schools 
in  these  new  countries.  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  it 
being  1847,  she  married  Mr.  O,  C.  Kilbury,  a  farmer 
id  blacksmith.  Ten  years  they  remained  in  Ohio  j 


MRS.  RUTH  A.  THOMPSON. 


JACOB  A.  SLOOP. 


HON.  JOSEPH  I.  BARNES. 


JOHN  LeHUQUET. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


and  then  removed  to  Iowa,  later  coming  to  Illinois. 
In  1872  Mrs.  Kilbury  was  forced  to  take  up  dressmak- 
ing to  support  her  three  children.  Six  children  had 
been  taken  away  by  death  previous  to  this.  She  was 
crowded  into  this  work  by  the  shiftlessness  of  a  hus- 
band who  refused  to  support  his  family  and  in  1873 
she  secured  a  divorce  and  since  that  time  she  managed 
to  support  herself  and  children  in  a  good  manner,  even 
accumulating  some  property  besides.  In  1876  she 
came  to  Deadwood,  South  Dakota,  and  there  she  sewed 
and  later  kept  boarders.  She  manifested  the  true  spirit 
of  courage  in  this  place  in  a  gracious  act  that  few 
would  have  done.  A  wife  died  who  left  four  children, 
one  only  two  weeks  old,  and  as  this  lady  had  a  mother 
in  Pennsylvania,  Mrs.  Kilbury  took  upon  herself  the 
task  of  taking  these  helpless  children  across  the  conti- 
nent to  their  grandmother's  home.  The  trip  from 
Deadwood  to  Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  had  to  be  made  in 
a  freight  wagon  and  it  was  in  winter.  Mrs.  Kilbury 
was  equal  to  the  occasion  and  safely  took  her  charges 
to  Pennsylvania  and  then  returned  to  Cheyenne  and  in 
the  spring  to  Deadwood,  where  she  married  Jesse 
Thompson,  on  August  13,  1878,  a  miner.  They  opera- 
ted a  hotel  and  in  1883  'came  to  Montana  and  farmed 
for  four  years.  Then  a  move  was  made  to  Spokane 
and  later  they  came  to  their  present  location,  one-half 
mile  west  from  Copeland,  at  Thompson's  landing.  Mr. 
Thompson  bought  an  interest  in  a  steamboat  and  Airs. 
Thompson  bought  seventy  head  of  cattle.  They  soon 
turned  their  attention  to  the  cattle  and  during  this  time, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thompson  gave  their  attention  to  herd- 
ing them  together  and  handling  the  hay  for  them.  Mrs. 
Thompson  remarks  that  those  days  of  riding  after  the 
stock  were  among  the  happiest  of  her  life,  and  the 
fifteen  years  spent  with  Mr.  Thompson  is  the  crown- 
ing portion  of  her  career.  But  in  1892  Mr.  Thompson 
was  called  away  by  death  and  since  that  time  the  en- 
tire management  of  affairs  has  devolved  upon  Mrs. 
Thompson.  She  has  manifested  excellent  judgment 
and  execution  as  always  in  her  labors  and  she  is  now 
the  owner  of  a  section  of  land,  about  seventy-five  head 
of  cattle,  plenty  of  buildings  and  improvements  and 
does  a  dairying  business.  Almost  all  of  this  land  she 
has  bought  since  the  death  of  her  husband. 

Mrs.  Thompson  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  is  well  respected  and  highly  esteemed  for 
her  worth  and  excellent  qualities,  being  a  woman  of 
integrity  and  faithfulness  and  sound  principles.  She 
has  done  much  hard  work,  has  managed  her  business 
affairs  with  commendable  wisdom  and  is  to  be  credited 
with  much  accomplished  for  the  upbuilding  and 
improvement  of  the  country. 


JACOB  A.  SLOOP.  The  worthy  and  faithful  la- 
bors, the  upright  and  commendable  life,  the  stanch  and 
stable  character,  and  the  untarnished  reputation  and 
excellent  standing  of  the  gentleman  whose  name  in- 
itiates this  paragraph  entitles  him  to  an  especial  repre- 
sentation in  the  volume  which  chronicles  the  history  of 


In  givi 


nty. 


an  epitome  of  his 


e  note  first  that 


he  was  born  in  Schuyler  county,  Missouri,  on  April 
i,  1845,  tne  son  °f  Nicholas  and  Elizabeth  (Stofer) 
Sloop,  natives  of  Switzerland.  They  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1837,  settling  first  in  Pittsburg,  Penn- 
sylvania. Two  years  were  spent  there  in  honest  labor 
at  the  wagonmaker's  trade  and  then  they  came  to 
Marion  county,  Missouri.  In  that  place  he  wrought 
at  his  trade  and  also  did  farming.  Four  years  later, 
the  family  went  to  Schuyler  county,  Missouri,  and  there 
our  subject  was  born,  as  stated  above.  The  father  con- 
tinued at  his  trade  and  farming  until  his  death  in  1861. 
After  that  the  mother  remained  a  time  in  Schuyler 
county  and  then  removed  to  Kansas  in  1876,  and  the 
year  following  passed  to  the  world  beyond.  Jacob  was 
educated  in  the  country  schools  of  his  native  county  and 
labored  with  his  parents  until  he  had  reached  his  ma- 
jority. At  that  important  age  he  and  his  brother 
built  a  combined  flour  and  saw  mill  and  operated  the 
plant  for  twenty  years.  When  that  long  period  had 
elapsed,  Mr.  Sloop  sold  his  mill  and  went  to  Queen 
City,  Missouri,  and  took  up  general  merchandising  for 
two  years.  In  1892  he  came  west,  and  after  due  de- 
liberation he  located  in  Kootenai  county,  near  where 
Porthill  is  now  situated.  He  helped  build  a  diking 
machine  for  a  company  diking  the  river  on  the  Cana- 
dian side  and  for  four  years  he  wrought  for  that  com- 
pany. Then  he  took  a  squatter's  right  on  unsurveyed 
land,  which  later  proved  to  be  railroad  land.  He 
bought  it  and  has  taken  a  homestead  and  bought  since 
that  time  until  he  has  a  fine  estate  of  four  hundred  acres 
and  more.  He  handles  considerable  to  hay  and  pasture, 
raising  forty  and  more  cattle  each  year,  while  also  a 
portion  of  the  land  is  devoted  to  general  farming  and 
fruit  raising.  Mr.  Sloop  has  some  fine  trees  and  his 
place  is  one  of  value  and  is  handled  in  a  commendable 

In  1871  Mr.  Sloop  married  Miss  Louise,  daughter 
of  Peter  and  Louise  (Piper)  Klein,  natives  of 'Ger- 
many. They  came  to  this  country  in  1826,  located  in 
Pennsylvania,  where  they  were  married,  and  then  went 
to  Schuyler  county,  Missouri,  where  the  father  is  still 
living,  aged  ninety  years.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sloop 
there  were  four  children  born,  Clara  V.,  wife  of  C.  D. 
Black,  in  Kootenai  valley;  Daisy  V.,  wife  of  Joseph 
Anderson,  living  near  Porthill ;  Iva  V.,  wife  of  Charles 
Olds,  in  the  valley ;  Ruby  V.,  single  and  living  with  her 
father.  Mr.  Sloop  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at 
Porthill.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church  and 
is  a  man  who  stands  well  among  his  neighbors  and  is 
reliable  and  upright.  Mrs.  Sloop  died  at  Porthill, 
April  20,  1898. 


MAJOR  JOSEPH  I.  BARNES,  deceased.— The 
death  of  this  honored  and  distinguished  citizen  of 
Kootenai  county,  at  Rathdrum,  in  December,  1898,  re- 
moved from  life's  busy  turmoil  one  of  the  most  highly 
respected,  worthy  and  well  known  men  in  north  Idaho. 
He  came  to  Kootenai  county  during  the  early  'nineties 
and  during  his  residence  there,  achieved  for  himself  a 
reputation  for  sterling  character,  business  ability  and 
popularity  such  as  falls  to  the  lot  of  few. 


•8  5o 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Major  Barnes  was  a  native  of  Lewis  county,  New 
York  state,  having  been  born  there  in  1839,  and  when 
very  young  commenced  his  westward  journey,  going 
first  to  Ohio,  then  to  St.  Joseph  county,  Michigan,  and 
from  there  to  Neenah,  Wisconsin,  where  he  grew  to 
manhood.  When  the  call  came  for  volunteers,  in  1861, 
young  Joseph  immediately  responded  by  enlisting  in 
the  Twenty-first  Wisconsin  Infantry,  in  which  regi- 

the  First  U.  S.  V.  V.  engineers,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  participated  in 
the  battles  of  Perryville,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga, 
Chattanooga,  Missionary  Ridge  and  Lookout  Moun- 
tain and  in  return  for  his  services  was  rewarded  with 
an  officer's  stripes.  After  the  war  Mr.  Barnes  settled 
in  Brown  county,  South  Dakota,  remaining  there  until 
ihis  appointment  as  immigration  inspector  in  Kansas 
City,  by  President  Harrison.  Previous  to  this,  how- 
ever, he  served  with  honor  in  the  South  Dakota  legis- 
lature. From  Kansas  City  he  was  transferred  to  Bon- 
iier's  Ferry,  Idaho,  and  later  was  stationed  as  an  in- 
spector of  customs  on  the  northern  Kootenai  boundary 
line.  A  change  of  administration  in  1893  caused  his 
retirement  from  office,  as  a  result  of  which  he  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  at  Ockonook,  where  he  lived  un- 
til his  death.  As  a  member  of  the  Republican  party 
lie  was  very  active  and  influential  and  was  chosen 
chairman  of  the  state  league  of  Republican  clubs  at 
.Boise  in  1892.  Subsequently  he  was  prominently  men- 
tioned for  the  office  of  lieutenant  governor,  was  one 
of  the  leading  reorganizers  of  the  party  in  1896  and 
was  a  candidate  for  the  legislature  that  year.  He  de- 
clined a  like  honor  in  1898,  owing  to  failing  health. 

In  1867,  Major  Barnes  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Mary  C.  Jaquith,  who  survives  him. 


JOHN  LEHUQUET.  This  capable  and  genial 
.•gentleman,,  whose  enterprise  and  industry  have  placed 
.him  in  a  good  position  in  the  county,  is  a  man  of  great 
experience  in  the  different  walks  of  life  and  has  a  fund 
of  practical  wisdom  that,  coupled  with  his  native  execu- 
tive ability,  has  enabled  him  to  consummate  some  ex- 
cellent achievements. 

John  LeHuquet  was  born  at  Gaspe  Bay,  Canada, 
•on  August  i,  1840,  being  the  son  of  Philip  and  Mary 
.(Galeshau)  LeHuquet,  natives  of  Jersey  Island.  The 
-ancestors,  as  is  noted  in  French  history,  were  titled 
people,  possessed  of  great  estates  and  a  castle  in  France, 
which  were  forfeited  in  the  time  of  a  rebellion.  The 
parents  of  our  subject  came  to  Canada  in  1830,  locat- 
ing at  Gaspe  Bay,  where  the  father  carried  on  a  fishing 
and  farming  business.  He  died  in  1870,  and  the  mother 
passed  away  in  1881.  They  were  the  parents  of  three 
.boys  and  five  girls.  John  remained  at  home  laboring 
with  his  father  and  going  to  school  in  the  winter,  until 
he  was  twenty  and  then  started  for  himself.  He  fished 
and  then  bought  a  little  farm,  and  in  1860  married  and 
settled  clown.  His  wife  died  the  following  year  and  he 
sold  his  farm  and  began  traveling  from  place  to  place 
•and  was  in  various  employments.  He  was  in  New- 


foundland, fired  on  a  steamer,  returned  to  Quebec  and 
shipped  on  a  steamer  that  was  wrecked  two  hundred 
miles  below  Quebec,  losing  all  the  cargo.  Then  Mr. 
LeHuquet  shipped  at  Kingston  for  Chicago,  helped 
build  the  union  stock  yards,  then  logged  in  Michigan 
.and  in  1866  calked  boats  at  Escanaba.  Return- 
ing to  Chicago  he  spent  two  years  as  foreman  at  the 
dock  and  canal  works.  Then  he  did  bridge  work,  being 
expert  as  a  framer  and  on  construction.  About  1870 
he  went  to  Alabama  and  contracted  in  railroad  work 
and  for  two  years  did  exceedingly  well.  In  1873  he 
started  a  general  store  in  Cullma'n,  that  state  and  at 
this  and  handling  a  vineyard  he  spent  seven  years.  In 
1883  he  made  a  trip  to  New  Brunswick,  then  journeyed 
to  Iowa,  thence  to  Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota,  then 
next  season  to  Pierre,  and  in  1892  he  came  to  Sand- 
point.  In  1893  he  located  his  present  place,  two  miles 
north  from  Sandpoint  and  he  has  made  of  it  a  beautiful 
and  valuable  farm.  He  has  a  good  orchard,  does  gen- 
eral farming  and  timber  work.  Mr.  LeHuquet  has  an 
acre  of  the  finest  strawberries  that  one  could  find,  while 
his  orchard  is  of  the  very  choicest  varieties. 

In  1868  Mr.  LeHuquet  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Joseph  Fenn,  a  native  of  Switzerland. 
They  came  to  America  and  located  in  Galena,  Illinois, 
then  went  to  California,  returned  to  Galena,  where  the 
father  died,  and  then  the  mother  went  again  to  Cali- 
fornia where  she  taught  school  until  1868,  the  time  of 
her  death.  To  Mr."and  Mrs.  LeHuquet  there  have 
been  born  six  children :  Josephine,  wife  of  Mr.  Martin, 
a  preacher  in  the  Methodist  church  and  living  in  Hel- 
ena, Montana;  John  A.,  with  parents;  Frank  M.,  at- 
tending Normal  school  in  Lewiston ;  Gertrude  and 
Pearl,  both  having  taught  school  in  Kootenai  county, 
but  now  attending  Normal  school  at  Lewiston;  Car- 
lie,  attending  high  school  at  Sandpoint.  Politically, 
Mr.  LeHuquet  is  independent  and  active  in  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day.  He  has  served  as  school  trustee  and 
is  an  advocate  of  good  schools.  Mr.  LeHuquet  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  £  A.  M.,  in  Cullman,  Alabama; 
also  he  is  a  charter  member  of  Lodge  No.  33,  of  the 
K.  of  P.  in  the  same  town.  Mr.  LeHuquet  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  order  of  Haymakers  in  Cullman.  Mr.  Le- 
Huquet is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  church  and  his 
wife  is  a  Methodist. 


PETER  A.  FERBRACHE.  It  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  permitted  to  speak  of  the  life's  career  of 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  since  he  is  a  man  of  talent, 
energy  and  uprightness  ;  since  he  has  wrought  in  faith- 
fulness in  augmenting  the  wealth  of  this  county ;  and 
since  he  has  always  conducted  himself  in  a  becomimg 
manner  to  a  professional  man  and  a  true  gentleman. 

Peter  A.  was  born  in  Preble  county,  Ohio,  on  Jan- 
uary 14,  1831,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth 
(Frum)  Ferbrache,  natives,  respectively,  of  Guernsey 
Island  and  Virginia.  Our  subject  received  a  good 
education  and  worked  for  his  parents  until  he  was  of 
age.  He  taught  school  successfully  from  the  age  of 
nineteen  to  twenty-four.  Then  he  took  a  course  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


dentistry  and  from  1855  to  1888  he  practiced  his  pro- 
fession with  credit  to  himself  in  Elpaso,  Illinois. 
Then  he  came  to  Granite,  Kootenai  county,  and  for 
two  years,  1891-2,  he  practiced  in  Rathdrum  and  in 
Granite.  He  then,  with  his  sons,  operated  a  tie  camp 
for  a  time  and  in  1898  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Bon- 
ders Ferry.  He  located  a  homestead  about  three  miles 
northwest  from  the  town  and  that  is  the  family  home 
at  this  time.  He  pays  considerable  attention  to  fruit 
and  gardening,  raising  over  five  hundred  boxes  of  to- 
matoes alone  and  other  things  in  proportion. 

In  1856  Dr.  Ferbrache  took  the  hand  of  Miss  Han- 
nah C.  Ray  in  marriage  and  to  them  have  been  born 
eight  children :  Anna,  married  and  living  in  Pullman, 
Washington ;  Lincoln,  married  and  living  in  Vancou- 
ver ;  George,  married  and  living  in  Nebraska ;  Thomas, 
married  and  living  in  Pullman,  Washington ;  Henry, 
married  and  living  in  Kootenai  county;  Mary,  de- 
ceased ;  Willie,  James,  both  single.  Mrs.  Ferbrache's 
parents  were  Joseph  and  Gilberta  Ray,  natives,  re- 
spectively, of  Indiana  and  Ohio.  Dr.  Ferbrache  is  lib- 
eral in  politics  and  fraternally  is  affiliated  with  the 
.1.  O.  O.  F. 


THOMAS  W.  MILLS  was  born  in  Stratford,  On- 
tario, Canada,  on  November  15,  1862,  being  the  son 
•of  Robert  and  Mary  (Armstrong)  Mills,  natives  of 
Canada.  They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1864,  lo- 
cating in  the  vicinity  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  where  they 
remained  on  a  farm  until  the  time  of  their  death. 
The  mother  died  in  1874  and  the  father  in  1883.  Our 
•subject  received  his  education  from  the  common 
schools  near  Detroit  and  remained  with  his  parents 
-until  he  was  twelve  years  old.  Then  he  spent  two 
years  in  the  blacksmith  trade  and  later  went  to  work 

sota,  and  there  remained  on  a  farm  for  six  years.  Then 
.he  went  to  Canada  and  worked  on  the  Canadian  Pacific 
for  two  and  one-half  years,  later  returning  to  Bis- 
marck, North  Dakota.  Three  years  were  spent  in  the 

1886  he  came  west  to  Washington.  He  worked  for 
Brickie  for  a  couple  of  years  in  the  lumber  business, 
and  five  years  later,  in  1892,  he  came  to  Bonners  Fer- 
•ry.  Later  he  went  to  the  northwest  territory  and  also 
mined  on  the  Saskatchewan  river,  where  he  did  very 
well.  He  returned  to  this  section  of  the  country  and 
took  eighty  acres  as  a  homestead,  one  mile  northwest 
from  Bonners  Ferry,  and  bought  as  much  more  and 
there  he  is  dwelling  today.  He  has  a  fine  hay  farm  and 
also  does  considerable  general  farming,  while  he  also 
pays  attention  to  raising  stock. 

'in  1883  Mr.  Mills  married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Allen  and  Christie  Bruce,  natives  of  Canada.  They 
came  to  the  United  States  and  located  in  Minnesota, 
but  returned  to  Manitoba,  where  the  father  was 
-drowned  in  the  Mud  river.  The  mother  is  living  in 
Bonners  Ferry.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mills  there  have 
been  born  seven  children,  named  as  follows:  Nellie, 
wife  of  Thomas  Hooker,  in  this  county :  Delia,  Maude, 
Robert,  Lorney,  Lillie,  Vine.  Mr.  Mills  is  Republican 


in  politics  and  is  an  active  worker  for 
his  party.  He  has  been  elected  road  s 
ple  of  terms  and  is  serving  with  credit 
H 


the  principles  of 
upervisor  a  cau- 
cre       in  that  capacity 

.  ember  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  of  the 

1.  O.  O.  F.,  both  jn  Bonners  Ferry.     He  and  his  es- 
bers of  the  Presbyterian  church 
the   society 


and  are  valuable  addit 

munity.  Mr.  Mills  has  always  preserved  an  untar- 
nished reputation  and  has  so  conducted  himself  that  he 
receives  the  good  will  and  esteem  of  his  fellows  for  his 
integrity,  uprightness,  morality  and  unswerving  prin- 
ciples of  rectitude  and  soundness  which  characterize 


JAMES  G.  FERBRACHE.  This  young  man  is 
one  of  the  enterprising  citizens  of  Kootenai  county  in 
the  vicinity  of  Bonners  Ferry.  He  is  an  upright,  capable 
and  thriving  farmer  whose  property  is  located  two 
and  one-half  miles  northwest  from  Bonners  Ferry, 
and  there  he  has  bestowed  his  labors  with  a  sagacity 
and  industry  that  have  given  him  the  meed  of  a  fine 
and  productive  property. 

James  G.  was  born  in  Elapso,  Illinois,  on  Novem- 
ber 17,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Peter  A.  and  Hannah 
(Ray)  Ferbrache,  natives,  respectively,  of  Ohio  and 
Indiana.  They  came  to  Illinois  and  remained  there 
for  thirty-five  years.  They  they  came  to  Granite,  Id- 
aho, in  1887  and  in  1897  came  to  their  present  place 
:n  this  county.  Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  his 
native  place,  having  the  advantage  of  a  high  school 
training.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was 
twenty-one  and  then  came  to  the  west  with  them.  He 
took  a  contract  of  furnishing  ten  thousand  ties  to  the 
Northern  Pacific  and  in  1893  he  came  to  Bonner^ 
Ferry  and  took  his  present  place  as  a  homestead.  He 
has  improved  it  with  good  buildings,  fences  and  so 
forth,  and  annually  puts  up  about  eighty  tons  of  hay 
in  addition  to  the  other  products  of  the  field.  Mr. 
Ferbrache  also  owns  some  mining  property  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Granite,  known  as  the  Galena  mine.  In  polit- 
ical matters  he  is  allied  with  the  Democrats  and  is 
bright  and  active  in  local  matters  and  in  disseminat- 
ing the  principles  he  believes  to  be  for  the  advantage 
of  all.  Mr.  Ferbrache  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
North  Star  Lodge  No.  6160,  of  Bonners  Ferry,  and  has 
been  one  of  its  officers  since  it  started.  Mr.  Ferbrache 
has  brothers  and  sisters  as  follows:  Lincoln  R.,  in 
in  Proebstel,  Washington:  Annie  M,  wife  of  John 
Brooks,  of  Pullman,  Washington ;  George  W.,  in  Ne- 
braska :  Thomas  J.,  in  Pullman,  Washington ;  Henry 
C.  and  William  W.,  in  Bonners  Ferry. 


ables  him  to  enter  intelligently  into  any  labor,  have 
given  him  great  opportunities  and  fitted  him  to  be- 
come eminently  successful  in  any  line.  He  has,  how- 


852 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ever,  chosen  that  of  raising  stock  and  farming,  in 
which  he  has  gained  a  fitting  prominence  and  has 
placed  him  among  the  leading  and  prosperous  men  of 
Kootenai  county. 

Louis  McLennan  was  born  in  Cape  Breton,  on 
November  20,  1844,  being  the  son  of  Miles  and  Mar- 
garet (Urqnhart)  McLennan,  natives  of  Scotland,  but 
immigrants  to  Cape  Breton  in  1842.  The  father  died 
in  1871,  but  the  mother  is  still  living  in  Richmond 
county.  Cape  Breton,  aged  ninety.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education  and  worked  for  his 
parents  until  he  was  nineteen,  when  he  came  to  the 
United  States  and  enlisted  to  fight  the  battles  of  free- 
dom. He  was  in  the  Thirty-third  New  Jersey  Infan- 
try, Company  E,  under  Captain  George  M.  Harris. 
They  went  to  Chattanooga,  being  a  little  too  late  to 
join  Sherman  on  his  march  to  the  sea.  His  company- 
acted  as  guards  that  winter,  then  fought  Hood  and 
later  went  to  West  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  chas- 
ing Johnson.  Then  came  the  surrender  and  they 
marched  to  Washington,  where  he  participated  in  the 
grand  review.  Being  honorably  discharged  his  com- 
pany went  to  Newark  and  disbanded.  Then  Mr.  Mc- 
Lennan went  to  sea  and  sailed  all  over  the  world,  fin- 
ally leaving  the  ship  in  Bombay,  India.  He  also  op- 
erated as  diver  for  bridge  construction.  Then  he  went 

see  him  in  New  Zealand  contracting  in  bridge  and  road 
work.  In  1888  he  was  in  San  Francisco  and  in  1891 
came  to  Tacoma  and  the  Sound  country,  doing  work 
in  the  coal  mines.  In  1892  he  was  in  British  Kootenai 
country  and  in  Idaho.  It  was  in  1894  that  he  came  to 
his  present  location,  four  miles  west  from  Bonners 
Ferry.  He  came  without  money  and  now  is  one  of  the 
well-to-do  men  of  the  valley,  having  as  fine  stock  as  is 
to  be  found  in  the  valley  anywhere.  He  raises  large 
amounts  of  hay  and  handles  stock. 

Mr.  McLennan  is  one  of  nine  children,  six  of  whom 
are  living:  Philip,  with  our  subject;  Margaret,  wid- 
ow, living  in  Tacoma  ;  Alexander,  in  Middleriver,  Cape 
Breton;  Ellen,  married  to  John  McKenzie,  living  in 
Nanaimo,  British  Columbia;  Willina,  wife  of  Dan 
Mclntyre,  in  Richmond  county,  Cape  Breton.  Mr. 
McLennan  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Garfield  Post, 
San  Francisco,  California. 


PAYTON  W.  OWEN.  No  more  sturdy  and  wor- 
thy pioneer  is  in  the  precincts  of  Kootenai  county  than 
the  subject  of  this  article.  He  has  labored  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  country  here  for  many  years  and  is 
now  one  of  the  substantial  and  prosperous  men  of  the 
county. 

Payton  W.  Owen  was  born  in  Caldwell  county, 
Missouri,  on  June  i,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Frederick 
M.  and  Susannah  (Barron)  Owen,  natives  of  Indiana 
and  Tennessee,  respectiv«ly.  They  came  to  Missouri 
in  1842  and  in  1882  to  Clarkfork,  where  the  father 
died  in  1898,  aged  eighty- four,  but  the  mother  still 
"lives  there,  aged  seventy-five.  Our  subject  was  reared 
in  his  native  place  and  there  educated  in  the  com- 


mon schools.  At  his  majority  he  bought  a  farm  and 
settled  to  its  culture  for  four  years.  Then  he  made  a 
move  to  Boise  City,  Idaho,  and  kept  a  toll  road  for 
two  years,  after  which  he  went  to  Texas  and  six 
months  later  came  back  to  Boise  and  did  gardening 

worth,  Washington,  where  he  wrought  in  the  car 
shops  one  year  and  then  came  to  Spokane,  entering- 
the 'dairy  business  in  1881.  Next  he  did  labor  along 
the  grades  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  then  settled  on  un- 
surveyed  land  near  Clarkfork.  He  sold  his  improve- 
ments and  came  to  his  present  location  and  settled  on 
unsurveyecl  land.  He  found  after  the  survey  that  he 
was  on  railroad  land  and  so  bought  the  land  and  an- 
other quarter.  Later  he  homesteaded  a  quarter  two 
miles  distant  from  this  home  place.  The  half  section 
first  gained  is  a  fine  farm,  nearly  half  being  good  hay 
land.  He  has  a  fine  orchard  of  eight  hundred  trees 
and  does  a  general  farming  business  and  raises  stock. 
His  hay  crop  alone  is  over  one  hundred  tons  annually. 
In  1871  Mr.  Owen  married  Miss  Isabella  Hatfield, 
a  native  of  Iowa.  She  came  west  with  her  husband 
and  accompanied  him  in  many  of  his  travels.  She  was. 
the  third  white  woman  in  the  entire  Kootenai  valley. 
Many  were  the  hardships  that  were  placed  in  the  path 
of  this  worthy  pioneer  couple  and  they  have  done  in 

children  have  been  born  to  them :  Elbert  Wesley,  who 
enlisted  in  Company  A,  First  Washington  Volunteers, 
to  fight  for  the  freedom  of  Cuba.  Later  he  went  to 
Manila  and  served  until  his  company  was  mustered 
out.  He  then  enlisted  in  the  regular  army,  being  com- 
missioned sergeant.  In  1899  he  was  taken  sick  and 
discharged,  as  his  health  forbade  further  military  serv- 
ice. The  second  son  is  Ernest  Walter,  now  aged  twen- 
ty-one and  he  is  at  home.  Mr.  Owen  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  in  Bonners  Fer- 
ry, while  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs  and 
the  L.  O.  T.  M.,  of  Bonners  Ferry.  They  both  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  church. 


HENRY  TANK.  The  industrious  farmer  of 
whom  we  now  have  the  privilege  to  speak  is  one  of 
the  men  whose  labors  have  assisted  materially  to  bring 
the  wild  of  Kootenai  county  to  productive  fields  and  he 
has  also  made  a  name  for  himself  among  his  fellows 
that  places  him  in  their  esteem  and  makes  him  the 
recipient  of  their  confidence. 

Henry  Tank  was  born  in  Mecklenburg,  Germany, 
on  April  4,  1866,  his  parents  being  George  and  Caro- 
line (Jacobs)  Tank,  natives  of  the  same  country, 
where  also  they  died,  having  been  farmers.  Henry  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools,  worked  with  his  father 
until  nine  and  then  went  to  work  for  neighbors  herd- 
ing stock.  When  fourteen  he  worked  on  a  large  sheep 
ranch  and  finally,  in  1885,  he  came  thence  to  the  Uni- 
ted States.  He  worked  six  months  in  the  vicinity  of 
Chicago  and  then  came  to  Iowa  and  spent  a  like  time 
there  on  a  ranch.  When  he  had  spent  a  like  time  in 
che  western  part  of  the  state  he  came  thence  to  Ritz- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


853 


ville,  Washington.  A  short  time  after,  he  made  his 
way  to  Cocolalla,  Idaho,  and  he  contracted  timbers 
for  the  railroad  for  four  years.  He  made  a  visit  to 
Bonners  Ferry  in  1890,  returning  again  to  Cocolalla 
and  in  1891  he  determined  to  again  visit  the  Bonners 
Ferry  country.  He  soon  selected  a  quarter  section, 
which  he  purchased  from  an  Indian  for  a  rifle  and 

east  from  Bonners  Ferry  and  the  industry  and  skill 
of  Mr.  Tank  have  made  "it  a  fine  farm.  He  has  about 
thirty  acres  under  cultivation  and  they  produce  in 
abundant  measure  of  the  fruits  of  the  field.  He  does 
a  general  farming  business  and  handles  considerable 
garden  stuff.  Mr.  Tank  has  bestowed  much  labor  in 
a  wise  manner  and  the  result  is  a  good  return  each 
year  in  marketable  stuff,  which  makes  him  a  fine  in- 

In  1896  Mr.  Tank  married  Miss  Minnie,  daughter 
of  Fred  and  Mary  (Dahnke)  Jacobs,  natives  of  Ger- 
many. They  came  to  America  in  1882,  locating  in 
Benton  county,  Iowo,-ancl  later  removing  to  Nebraska, 
where  the  father  died  in  1898.  The  mother  still  lives 
in  Telden,  Nebraska.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tank  there 
have  been  born  two  children,  Bertha  and  Emma.  In 
political  matters  Mr.  Tank  is  allied  with  the  Democrats 
and  he  is  active  in  putting  forth  the  principles  of  his 

farty.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  in  Bonners 
'erry.  The  family  affiliate  with  the  Lutheran  church. 


GABE  H.  HOOKER.  Five  miles  east  from  Bon- 
ners ferry  is  the  home  place  of  Mr.  Hooker.  It  is  an 
estate  of  two  hundred  acres  of  good  soil,  which  has 
nearly  one  million  feet  of  fine  saw  timber.  From  the 
wilds  of  the  rugged  country  Mr.  Hooker  selected  his 
homestead  of  one  quarter  section  and  later  completed 
the  two  hundred  acres  by  purchase.  He  has  given  his 
time  to  handling  stock,  clearing  and  improving  his 
place,  doing  a  general  farming  business  and  is  one  of 
the  industrious,  capable  and  thrifty  men  of  the  county. 

Gabe  H.  Hooker  was  born  in  Patrick  county,  Vir- 
ginia, on  November  14,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Samuel 
and  Lucinda  (State)  Hooker,  natives  of  Virginia. 
The  family  was  one  of  four  children.  The  father  died 
in  1000  and  the  mother  is  still  living  in  the  home 
place.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith  and  he  wrought 
at  the  forge  until  four  or  five  years  before  his  death. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  place,  worked  for  his  parents  until  he  arrived 
at  the  estate  of  a  young  man,  then  married  and  went 
to  farming.  He  continued  steadily  at  this  occupation 
until  1893.  when  he  sold  his  stock  and  land  and  came 
west  to  Klickitat  county,  Washington.  Three  years 
were  spent  in  that  section  and  then  he  crossed  the  Co- 
lumbia river  into  Oregon  and  engaged  himself  for 
thirteen  months  with  the  sheepmen.  The  next  move 
was  to  Kootenai  county  and  the  homestead  spoken  of 
above  was  selected  and  Mr.  Hooker  settled  down. 

In  1875  Mr.  Hooker  married  Miss  Miccry  Ander- 
son, daughter  of  Dave  Anderson,  a  native  of  North 
Carolina,  and  to  them  have  been  born  three  children : 


Thomas,  married  and  living  in  Kootenai  county ;  Lue, 
wife  of  Harry  Corbett,  in  Klickitat  county,  Washing- 
ton; Mary,  wife  of  Jim  Morris,  in  this  county.  Mr. 
Hooker  is  a  firm  Republican  and'  labors  actively  in  lo- 
cal matters  for  the  principles  of  his  party. 


JOHN  Mc€UNE  is  one  of  the  industrious  and 
substantial  farmers  and  stockmen  of  the  county  of 
Kootenai.  living  two  miles  east  from  Bonners  Ferry, 
where  he  has  a  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  which  is  practically  all  under  cultivation  and 
produces  abundant  crops  of  hay  and  grain.  He  han- 
dles considerable  stock  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
wealth  producers  of  his  section. 

John  McCune  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  New 
York,  on  March  16,  1851,  being  the  son  of  William 
and  Mary  (Taylor)  McCune,  natives  of  New  York. 
The  father  farmed  there  until  his  death  in  1878.  The 
mother  removed  to  Ohio  and  there  died  in  1883,  aged 
sixty-eight.  John  was  educated  in  his  native  county, 
attending  schools  in  the  winter  and  working  on  the 
farm  in  the  summers  until  he  was  fourteen  and  then 
he  came  west.  He  located  in  Minnesota  and  drove 
logs  on  the  river  for  ten  years  and  then  he  went  to 
Leaclville,  Colorado,  in  1876,  where  he  mined  and 
worked  in  the  smelters  for  two  years.  In  1886  he 
came  west  to  Spokane,  Washington.  He  at  once  took 
a  contract  to  make  ties  and  for  five  years  he  wrought 
at  this  industry.  Ft  was  1891  that  he  came  to  Koot- 
t-nai  county  and  he  at  once  located  his  present  land 
as  a  homestead.  His  father's  family  consisted  of  four 
children,  as  follows:  James,  married  and  living  in 
Ohio;  Mary,  wife  of  William  Everett,  in  New  York; 
Sarah,  wife  of  John  Conklin,  living  in  New  York; 
John,  the  subject  of  this  article. 

In  political  matters  Mr.  McCune  is  allied  with  the 
Republicans  and  is  very  active  in  the  affairs  of  the 
county  and  state.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church.  Mr.  McCune  is  a  real  pioneen  of  this  section 
and  states  that  when  he  first  came  to  this  country  that 
it  was  very  wild,  uninviting  in  many  respects,  but 
through  the  labors  of  the  husbandmen  and  the  stock- 
men, it  has  become  to  be  a  rich  and  attractive  place. 

It  is  of  note  that  the  father  of  our  subject  enlisted 
in  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-second  Ohio  Infantry, 
under  Colonel  Putnam  and  Captain  Fuller.  He  was  in 
the  battle  of  Lynchburg  and  was  mustered  out  on 
September  20,  1864. 


JOHN   H.  DOBSON.      Xo  compilation  that  has 

leading  men  of  Kootenai  county  would  be  complete 
were  there  failure  to  accord  special  representation  to 
the  esteemed  gentleman  and  capable  business  man 
whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph. 

John  H.  Dobson  was  born  on  August  28,  1870,  be- 
ing the  son  of  William  and  .Mary  (Garry)  Dobson, 
natives,  respectively,  of  New  Jersey  and  New  York. 


854 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


They  were  married  in  1869,  Mrs.  Dobson's  parents  be- 
ing Richard  and  Mary  (Odennelo)  Garry,  natives  of 
Ireland.  In  1868  William  Dobson  came  west  to  Col- 
orado across  the  plains.  He  had  served  in  the  Civil 

in  the  battle  of  Fort  Fisher.  In  Colorado  he  worked 
at  his  trade  of  carpentering  in  Denver,  Central  City 
and  other  places.  It  was  1879  that  he  came  to  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  with  his  partner,  Tom 
Erwin,  discovered  the  first  gold  in  that  section.  He 
worked  on  and  owned  the  Goldsmith,  a  property  that 
sold  later  for  fifty  thousand  dollars.  Then  he  went 
to  Anaconda,  Montana,  in  1884,  remaining  two  years, 
when  he  returned  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  In 
1892  he  purchased  a  man's  right  to  an  eighty  of  un- 
surveyed  land,  which  he  improved  in  good  shape  and 
in  1962  he  sold  it  to  the  subject  of  this  article.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  piece  John  Dobson  owns  land  to  the 
amount  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres,  which  is  one 
of  the  finest  farms  in  the  entire  county,  being  im- 
proved in  a  very  excellent  manner  and  producing 
many  tons  of  hay  and  other  fruits  of  the  field.  Mr. 
Dobson  has  sixty  head  of  cattle  and  he  handles  from 
one  to  two  hundred  tons  of  hay  annually. 

Returning  to  the  personal  history  of  our  subject, 
we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Central  City,  Colorado, 
and  that  he  received  his  first  education  in  Plume,  Col- 
orado. Later  he  went  to  Janesville,  Wisconsin,  and 
there  was  well  educated.  Returning  to  Colorado  after 
this  time  of  educational  training  was  consummated  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  the  west  and  three  years 
were  spent  in  the  study  of  dentistry,  under  Dr.  H.  P. 
Wilcox,  in  Spokane.  Then  he  came  to  Kootenai  coun- 
ty and  located  where  he  now  lives.  He  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  leading  citizens  of  the  county,  being 
possessed  of  real  worthy  qualities  and  he  is  a  man  of 
influence  and  culture.  He  "is  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
church.  It  is  of  note  that  William  Dobson  was  the 
first  elected  surveyor  in  Kootenai  county,  and  instead 
of  availing  himself  of  the  emoluments  of  the  office  he 
turned  it  to  Judge  Milder. 


MRS.  JAMES  T.  BALDWIN  is  one  of  the  well 
known  and  highly  respected  citizens  of  Sandpoint,  be- 
ing in  charge  of  a  stock  raising  and  farming  business. 
Mrs.  Baldwin  is  the  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Mary 
(Wilson)  Lucas,  natives  of  England.  They  came 
when  young  to  America,  locating  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
where  the  father  conducted  a  wholesale  leather  store 
until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1872.  The  mother  died 
in  1895.  Mrs.  Baldwin  was  born  in  1840,  February 
22,  and  in  addition  to  a  public  school  education,  she 
spent  three  years  in  a  girls'  seminary  at  Cincinnati. 
In  1855  occurred  her  marriage  with  Davis  Evans,  a 
horseman  from  Philadelphia.  The  next  year  they  came 
to  California  via  Panama  and  spent  two  years  in  San 
Francisco,  then  a  move  was  made  to  Jacksonville,  Ore- 
gon. Here  Mrs.  Baldwin  experienced  the  terrors  of 
the  fierce  Rogue  river  Indian  war.  With  about  thirty 
families  she  was  cooped  up  in  a  fort  for  fear  of  the  sav- 


ages and  the  times  were  trying  indeed.  Many  were 
killed  and  in  1865  she  returned  to  San  Francisco  and 
there  remained  until  1881.-  In  1860  Mr.  Evans  was. 
killed  by  the  Indians  and  in  1865,  Mrs.  Evans  married 
Mr.  Baldwin.  In  1881  they  came  to  Sandpoint  and 
Mr.  Baldwin  operated  a  stage  and  express  line  until 
1890.  Then  he  took  a  homestead  and  in  1895  he  was 
called  hence  by  death.  Since  that  time,  Mrs.  Baldwin 
has  conducted  the  farm  and  business  and  is  now  liv- 
ing in  town.  She  owns  the  farm  and  about  fifty  head 
of  stock,  besides  other  property.  By  her  former  hus- 
band, Mrs.  Baldwin  has  two  children.  Harry  L.,  mar- 
ried and  living  in  Sandpoint;  Hattie  M..  deceased. 
Mrs.  Baldwin  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopalian  church 
and  is  a  lady  of  excellent  virtues  and  graces  and  is. 
esteemed  by  all  who  know  her. 


FRANK  A.  DAVIS.  Few  men  display  more  ac- 
tivity and  stirring  qualities  than  has  the  subject  of 
this 'sketch,  as  he  has  wrought  in  all  the  important 
places  of  the  west  and  has  gained  great  experience  in 
traveling  and  meeting  persons  engaged  in  the  various 
industries  in  this  western  country  and  the  middle 
states. 

Frank  A.  Davis  was  born  in  Byron,  Illinois,  on 
February  6.  1866,  being  the  son  of  J.  C.  and  Julia 
(Hall)  Davis,  natives,  respectively,  of  England  and 
Canada.  The  father  came  to  America  when  he  was 
ten  and  the  mother  to  the  United  States  when  she 
was  thirteen.  They  were  the  parents  of  six  children ; 
the  mother  died  in  1896,  but  the  father  is  still  living 
in  Chicago,  a  retired  farmer.  Our  subject  received 
his  elementary  education  from  the  schools  of  his  native 
place  and  later  completed  his  business  training  in  a 
commercial  college  in  Rockford,  Illinois.  Then  he 
traveled  to  Minnesota  and  a  short  time  later  went  to 
Michigan  and  in  two  years  was  back  to  his  home.  In 
1890  he  went  to  Oregon,  returning  from  this  trip  to 
Illinois.  Four  months  later  he  visited  Oregon  again, 
locating  in  the  mining  district  adjacent  to  Baker  City 
until  the  fall  of  1891.  Then  six  months  were  spent  in, 
southern  Oregon  on  the  coast.  A  visit  to  Seattle  was 
made  at  this  time  and  we  next  see  Mr.  Davis  in  east- 
ern Oregon  again,  and  then  in  Rathdrum.  In  the 
spring  of  1894  he  went  to  British  Columbia  for  one 
summer  and  then  returned  to  the  mines  of  the  Baker 
City  region.  Next  he  visited  in  Portland,  later  was  at 
Sacramento,  California,  and  in  three  months  from 
then  was  at  Bisbee,  Arizona.  Three  months  there  and 
he  was  off  for  New  Mexico ;  he  then  returned  to  Ari- 
zona, visited  New  Mexico  again  and  came  thence  to 
Colorado.  Four  months  after  that  he  was  in  Salt 
Lake  Citv,  Utah,  whence  he  came  to  Pendleton  and 
from  there  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  We  next 
see  this  industrious  traveler  in  Anaconda,  Montana, 
at  Butte,  in  the  Elkhorn  mountains,  then  in  Helena 
and  finally  he  came  back  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mining 
district.  But  his  journeys  were  not  ended  yet  and  he 
repaired  to  Pendleton,  returning  to  Coeur  d'Alene, 
whence  he  went  to  Sandon,  British  Columbia.  After 


MRS.  JAMES  T.  BALDWIN. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  year's  sojourn  there  we  find  him  in  the  Sound  coun- 
try and  later  at  Walla  Walla.  Portland  was 
visited  again  and  Baker  City  was  then  able  to  keep 
him  one  and  one-half  years.  He  gravitated  to  Spo- 
kane and  in  1901  the  fertile  region  three  and  one-half 
miles  east  from  Bonners  Ferry  was  able  to  capture  this 
elusive  explorer  for  a  permanent  citizen.  He  bought 
land  and  is  dwelling  in  prosperity  there  now. 

In  1899  Mr.  Davis  married  Miss  Lizzie,  daughter 
of  Thomas  and  Emma  Huntington,  both  natives  of 
England.  No  doubt  this  happy  alliance  led  Mr.  Davis 
to  select  his  home  place  and  settle  down,  and  Koo- 
tenai county  is  to  be  congratulated  in  securing  a  good 
citizen  and  capable  man. 


WILLIAM  H.  BROWN.  Among  the  sturdy  men 
whose  labors  have  opened  up  the  rich  sections  of  the 
west  and  especially  portions  of  Kootenai  county,  the 
subject  of  this  article  is  to  be  granted  specific  mention 
in  the  history  of  this  county,  and  surely  he  is  to  be  ac- 
credited with  much  worthy  achievement.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  Mr.  Brown  is  living  on  his  farm,  one  mile 
west  from  Copeland,  which  is  utilized  as  a  hay  ranch 
and  also  in  addition  to  this  he  is  giving  attention  to 
mining,  having  three  claims  that  are  considered  good. 

William  H.  Brown  was  born  in  Rochester,  New 
York,  on  April  8,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Edward  and 
Sarah  Brown.  His  mother  died  when  he  was  born  and 
he  was  raised  by  his  grandmother.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  England  and  his  mother  of  New  York.  Her 
grandfather  Green  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolution, 
under  General  Stark,  and  one  time,  finding  his  barn 
filled  with  red  coats,  he  fired  it,  being  determined  to 
fight  for  country  rather  than  preserve  private  property. 
The  grandfather  Murdock  of  our  subject  was  a  soldier 
in  the  war  of  1812  and  lost  one  limb  in  the  struggle. 
William  H.  was  schooled  at  the  Orphans'  Home  in 
Canandagna,  New  York,  and  when  he  became  twelve 
years  of  age  he  preferred  the  freedom  of  the  world  to 
his  grandmother's  tuition  and  therefore  started  out 
alone.  He  drove  on  the  Erie  canal,  worked  on  the 
adjacent  farms  and  in  this  vigorous  way  spent  the 
years  until  young  manhood.  In  1874  he  went  to 
Michigan  and  three  years  later  went  to  Iowa.  He 
mined  in  the  Black  Hills,  Dakota,  worked  in  the  woods 
in  Minnesota  and  in  1886  came  to  Spokane.  He  rail- 
roaded for  McCoy  as  foreman,  having  previously 
worked  for  Signer,  handling  five  yoke  of  oxen.  He 
went  to  California  for  one  year,  then  returned  to  Spo- 
kane and  during  the  chloride  excitement  on  Lake  Pend 
Oreille  he  gave  his  attention  to  prospecting.  Then 
he  steamboated  on  the  lake  and  in  1891  operated  a 
boat  for  the  Great  Northern  on  the  Kootenai.  The 
next  move  was  to  the  Cascades  and  later  he  was  again 
in  California,  where  he  worked  for  the  Arrow  Lake 
Company  and  also  operated  at  Prescott,  Arizona.  In 
1893  he  was  at  the  World's  Fair  in  Chicago  and  thence 
came  to  Bonners  Ferry.  He  then  settled  on  his  home- 
stead and  to  the  improvement  of  that  and  to  mining 
he  has  devoted  his  energies  ever  since. 


Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  Mr.  Brown  has  clone  a 
lion's  share  in  the  good  work  of  developing  this  west- 
ern country  and  is  a  man  of  courage,  ability  and  has 
the  true  qualities  of  the  pioneer,  and  in  the  life  of  the 
frontiersman  he  finds  the  sweet  charm  that  always. 
lures  him  to  its  enjoyment. 


LOUIS  AMERMAN.  At  the  present  time  this 
gentleman  is  operating  a  dairy  and  doing  general  farm- 
ing, being  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county 
and  a  patriotic  and  good  citizen.  He  was  born  in  Bay 
City,  Michigan,  on  July  8,  1868,  being  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Rosetta  (Janes)  Amerman,  natives  of 
Canada.  They  came  to  this  country  in  1860,  locating 
in  Michigan.  'The  father  was  a  mill  man.  The  mother 
died  in  New  York  in  1872  and  the  father  came  to 
Canada,  west,  in  1879,  locating  in  Moosomin.  In 
1890  he  came  to  Bonners  Ferry,  where  he  died  in 
1900.  Louis  received  a  common  school  education  and 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  stepped  forth  for  himself  in  the 
realities  of  life.  He  worked  on  a  farm  for  wages  for 
two  years  in  Canada  and  then  rode  the  range  for  two- 
years.  He  then  returned  to  Canada  and  remained 
there  for  two  years  and  in  1890  he  came  to  Bonners. 
Ferry.  He  was  in  the  employ  of  his  brother-in-law 
for  one  year  here,  in  a  butcher  shop.  Then  he  went 
to  Manitoba  and  in  1891  he  came  again  to  Bonners 
Ferry.  He  took  a  homestead  and  went  to  logging.. 
In  1902  he  purchased  eight  cows  and  started  a  dairy.. 
He  is  doing  well  in  this  last  venture  and  is  improving" 
his  place. 

In  1893  Mr.  Amerman  married  Miss  Elizabeth,, 
daughter  of  Isaiah  and  Elizabeth  (Brentnall)  Causton,. 
natives  of  England,  mention  of  whom  is  made  in  an- 
other portion  of  this  work.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Amer- 
man there  have  been  born  four  children,  named  as 
follows:  Everilda,  deceased,  Violet  J.,  Thomas  G. 
and  Frederick,  all  natives  of  the  United  States.  In 
political  matters  Mr.  Amerman  is  allied  with  the  Re- 
publican party  and  he  always  evinces  a  marked  inter- 
est in  the  affairs  of  local  moment.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Utopia  Lodge,  No.  36,  and  also  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  North  Star  Lodge,  No.  6.  Mrs.  Amerman 
is  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs,  Loyal  Lodge,  No.  43. 


GEORGE  FRY.  If  the  accounts  of  the  life  of 
Daniel  Boone  were  interesting  to  the  people  of  this- 
country,  surely  an  epitome  of  the  subject  of  this  arti- 
cle in  his  pioneer  life  as  also  the  labors  and  adven- 
tures of  his  father  would  be  intensely  interesting,  and 
it  is  with  regret  that  we  are  not  favored  more  with 
the  details  of  his  career,  that  we  might  embody  the 
same  in  the  history  of  the  county. 

George  Fry  was  born  on  March  2,  1862,  in  Marcus,. 
Washington,  being  the  son  of  Richard  and  Justina 
( Hang)  Fry.  There  were  twelve  children  in  the  fam- 
ily and  eight  of  them  are  still  living.  The  father  was 
one  of  the  most  intrepid  and  sturdy  pioneers  and  In- 


856 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


dian  traders  that  ever  set  foot  in  this  western  country. 
He  wrought  and  traded  and  traveled  all  over  the  north- 
west of  this  country  and  he  has  done  much  for  the 
cause  of  civilization  in  opening  the  way  for  others  to 
follow.  It  was  in  1876  that  he  came  to  the  Kootenai 
valley  and  there  traded  with  the  Indians,  buying  furs 
and  handling  a  pack  train.  He  operated  a  pack  train 
from  Pend  Oreille  lake  to  Fort  Steele  from  1870  to 
1880.  He  bought  the  ferry  across  the  Kootenai  when 
he  first  came  to  the  country  and  operated  it  for  six- 
teen years.  He  freighted  from  Pend  Oreille  to  Bon- 
ners  Ferry  also,  and  handled  furs  out  and  brought 
supplies  back,  taking  as  high  as  five  and  six  thou- 
sand pelts  out  at  one  time.  Richard  Fry  married  in 
1858  and  in  1888  he  bought  a  quarter  section,  where 
the  family  now  live,  two  miles  west  from  Bonners 
Ferry.  He  died  in  1897,  full  of  days  and  having 
made  a  worthy  record  in  pioneer  achievements.  The 
widow  still  lives  on  the  home  place  with  three  of  her 
children. 

Reverting  to  the  personal  history  of  the  immediate 
subject  of  this  article,  we  note  that  he  was  brought  up 
in  Marcus  and  other  frontier  places  and  so  was  but 
little  favored  with  opportunity  to  gain  an  education. 
He  always  accompanied  his  father  on  his  long  and 
arduous  trips  when  he  became  old  enough.  He  could 
tell  of  many  thrilling  escapes  from  wild  animals,  hav- 
ing been  penned  in  trees  and  so  forth  by  them.  He 
has  suffered  the  trying  ordeals  of  many  trips  over  the 
mountains  in  the  dead  of  winter,  often  sleeping  on  the 
snow,  which  was  thirty  feet  deep.  All  the  hardships 
known  to  the  pioneer  and  frontiersman  have  been  ex- 
perienced by  our  subject  and  now  he  is  one  of  the 
capable,  industrious  and  thrifty  farmers  of  Kootenai 
county. 

He  was  married  in  1880  to  Kate  Burloin  Dang, 
and  one  child,  Robert,  has  been  born  to  them. 


DAVID  K.  SMITH.  This  gentleman  is  one  of  the 
early  pioneers  in  Harrison  and  he  has  been  a  constant 
resident  of  the  town  since  the  date  of  his  arrival,  being 
now  one  of  the  respected  and  well  known  business  men 
of  the  town.  He  was  born  in  Fountain  county,  Indiana, 
on  August  18,  1845.  The  father  died  when  he  was 
very  young  and  the  mother  when  he  was  fourteen 
years  old.  He  gained  his  education  by  attending  the 
common  schools  and  working  for  his  board,  receiving- 
three  months  schooling  each  year.  He  labored  on  the 
farms  adjacent  to  his  native  place  and  in  February, 
1865,  he  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Fiftieth  In- 
diana, Company  I.  He  was  in  the  Shenandoah  valley 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  being  honorably 
discharged  on  August  17.  1865.  He  returned  to  his 
old  home  in  Indiana  and  in  the  fall  of  1866,  he  went 
to  Fort  Scott,  Kansas  and  there  followed  various  call- 
ings until  the  spring  of  1874,  when  he  went  to  Denver, 
Colorado,  and  there  lived  until  1888.  Then  he  came  to 
Latah,  in  Washington,  purchased  railroad  land  and 
gave  his  attention  to  its  improvement  until  the  spring 
of  1892,  when  he  sold  it  and  came  to  Harrison.  He 


immediately  took  up  draying,  being  the  first  one  to  do 
any  dray  woi«k  in  the  town  and  for  four  years  he  was 
without  opposition.  Mr.  Smith  has  done  a  good  busi- 
ness and  has  some  fine  business  property  that  is  a  good 
dividend  producer.  Mr.  Smith  is  still  operating  a  good 
dray  line  and  does  a  thriving  business.  He  is  one  of 
the  substantial  men  of  the  town,  a  good  citizen  and  re- 
spected by  all.  Mr.  Smith  belongs  to  the  Redmen  and 
to  the  Union  and  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Macca- 
bees, Harrison  Tent  No.  5,  which  is  the  banner  tent  of 
the  state. 


EDWIN  DOUST  is  well  known,  highly  respected 
and  recognized  as  one  of  the  capable  business  men  and 
substantial  agriculturists  of  Kootenai  county,  where 
he  has  wrought  as  a  millwright  and  contractor  in  addi- 
tion to  his  labors  on  his  fine  farm. 

Edwin  Doust  was  born  in  Onondaga  county,  New 
York,  on  January  12,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Una  and 
Elizabeth  (Heath)  Doust,  natives  of  England.  They 
came  to  this  country  in  i84S,  farmed  eight  years  in 
New  York,  where  our  subject  was  born,  then  returned 
to  England  to  look  after  an  estate  and  there  died  in 
1873.  Edwin  was  educated  in  this  country  and  in 
England  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  he  shipped  on  the 
Paraguay  as  ship  carpenter  and  did  faithful  duty  for 
six  years.  On  April  26,  1869,  he  landed  in  New  York 
and  went  thence  to  Syracuse  to  visit  a  brother.  Two 
years  were  spent  there  and  he  married  during  this  time. 
In  1872  he  went  to  St.  Louis  and  for  five  years  labored 
at  his  trade  there.  In  1877  he  went  to  Leadville,  Col- 
orado, and  mined  and  built  mills  until  1883.  Then  he 
came  to  the  Coetir  d'Alene  country  and  soon  returned 
to  Leadville,  whence  he  traveled  in  Mexico  and  in 
1887  came  to  Washington.  A  year  later  he  returned 
to  Colorado  and  in  the  fall  of  1889  he  came  to  Idaho 
and  since  that  time  he  has  remained  here. 

Mr.  Doust  is  a  Republican  and  was  appointed  dep- 
uty sheriff  of  Kootenai  county  in  1891,  under  W.  J. 
McClure,  Democrat,  and  two  years  later  he  was  reap- 
pointed  by  John  J.  Costelo,  Democrat,  serving  two 
years  each  time.  At  the  end  of  this  service  he  was 
appointed  by  W.  Ryan,  Republican,  and  served  two 
years.  He  then  bought  his  present  place,  a  farm  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres.  This  was  raw  land  when  he 
look  it  and  he  has'  built  a  fine  house  and  other  buildings 
and  improved  it  so  it  is  one  of  the  handsomest  places 
in  this  section.  In  1900  Mr.  Doust  was  nominated  for 
sheriff  of  the  county  against  Charles  Dyer,  Democrat 
and  Fusionists,  and  he  was  defeated,  and  since  that 
time  he  has  given  strict  attention  to  his  business.  In 
September,  1901,  he  went  to  Oregon  and  built  a  twen- 
ty-five stamp  mill,  returning  in  February,  1902. 

In  1871  Mr.  Doust  married  Mrs.  Martha  Oger, 
widow  of  Tames  Oger  and  daughter  of  Hezekiah  and 
Mary  McConnell,  natives  of  Ireland.  Mrs.  Doust  had 
two  "children  by  her  former  husband,  James  D.  and 
D.  W. 

Mr.  Doust  had  the  distinction  of  boarding  the 
Kearsarge  three  days  before  she  sunk  the  Alabama. 
He  was  shipwrecked  in  1868  in  the  German  ocean  and 


DAVID  K.  SMITH. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


857 


the  same  year  he  assisted  to  save  the  crew  of  a  German 
ship  which  had  foundered  at  sea  and  for  this  brave 
act  he  carries  a  silver  medal  presented  by  the  German 
government. 


RASMOS  CHRISTENSEN.  Among  the  pro- 
gressive and  industrious  agriculturists  of  Kootenai 
county  is  to  be  mentioned  the  gentleman  whose  name 
appears  above  and  who  has  wrought  for  a  number  of 
years  in  this  good  calling  with  a  gratifying  success. 
His  estate  of  one  quarter  section  lies  four  miles  west 
from  Bonners  Ferry. 

Rasmos  was  born  in  Denmark,  on  March  12,  1845, 
being  the  son  of  Christ  Hansen  and  Sophia  Rasmossen, 
natives  of  Denmark,  where  they  remained  until  the 
time  of  their  death.  Our  subject  received  a  common 
school  education  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  went  to 
work  for  himself.  He  wrought  on  the  farm  for  wages 
until  he  was  twenty-six  and  then  came  to  America  in 
1871.  He  located  in  Moline,  Illinois,  for  one  year  and 
then  went  thence  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  worked  in  the 
woods  and  at  sawmilling  for  two  and  one-half  years. 
He  was  in  Minnesota  a  short  time  after  this  and  then 
went  to  Nebraska,  where  he  remained  three  years.  In 
1879  we  see  him  in  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  wrought 
in  the  smelter  for  five  years.  Another  move  was  made, 
this  time  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  remained  one 
year  and  then  came  to  Seattle.  For  five  years  he  was 
occupied  in  the  woods  and  sawmills  adjacent  to  that 
place  and  then  he  went  to  Helena  and  Butte,  where  he 
labored  in  the  mines  for  five  years  or  so.  It  was  in 
1892  that  he  came  to  his  present  place,  taking  his  land 
as  a  homestead.  Mr.  Christensen  has  remained  here 
since  that;  time  and  has  devoted  his  efforts  to  improv- 
ing his  place  and  raising  stock.  He  has  gained  a  good 
success  and  has  well  earned  the  competence  that  he 
enjoys.  In  1892  he  had  the  distinction  of  riding  on  the 
first  train  from  Bonners  Ferry  to  Sandpoint,  taking 
seven  hours  to  make  the  trip.  Mr.  Christensen  is  act- 
ive in  political  matters  and  especially  so  in  the  local 
affairs,  being  a  Republican.  He  has  six  brothers  and 
four  sisters.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Danish  Lutheran 
•church  and  is  highly  respected  by  all,  being  upright 
.and  possessed  of  integrity  and  sound  principles. 


THOMAS  J.  JONES.  A  representative  business 
man  of  Bonners  Ferry,  a  good  and  respected  citizen, 
patriotic  and  public  minded,  a  pioneer  of  this  portion 
of  Kootenai  county,  the  subject  of  this  article  is  em- 
inently deserving  of  a  representation  in  this  volume, 
both  because  of  the  points  mentioned  and  also  because 

•of  a  good  drug  business,  which  he  owns  and  wherein 
he  has  achieved  a  good  success. 

Thomas  J.  Jones  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Iowa, 
on  November  22.  1864,  being  the  son  of  A.'  J.  and 
Mary  E.  (Starbuck)  Jones,  natives  of  Indiana,  and 
•who  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Thomas 


J.  was  educated  in  the  high  school  at  Riverton,  Fre- 
mont county,  Iowa,  and  he  remained  with  his  father 
until  eighteen  years  of  age.  Then  he  started  the  bat- 
tle of  life  for  himself  and  taught  school  for  two  years 
in  the  country  and  then  one  year  in  the  graded  schools 
at  Riverton.  Then  he  went  to  Kansas,  acted  as  sales- 
man and  taught  school  and  was  bookkeeper  in  a  lumber 
office.  Later  he  was  bookkeeper  in  the  Alton  City 
Bank  and  in  1888  he  came  with  his  people  to  Kootenai 
county.  He  was  bookkeeper  and  manager  for  William 
Eaton  for  five  years  and  then  entered  the  employ  of 
the  Bonners  Ferry  Mercantile  Company,  where  he  did 
excellent  service  for  six  years.  It  was  in  1899  that 
Mr.  Jones  opened  a  drug  store  in  Bonners  Ferry  and 
since  that  time  he  steadily  prosecuted  this  business 
with  a  gratifying  success.  He  has,  by  his  geniality, 
uniform  treatment  of  customers  and  skill  in  his  busi- 
ness gained  a  lucrative  trade  and  he  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial business  men  of  the  town  today.  Mr.  Jones 
also  has  eighty  acres  adjoining  town,  which  is  planted 
to  different  varieties  of  fruit  and  also  he  owns  consid- 
erable town  property. 

In  October,  1896,  Mr.  Jones  married  Miss  Am- 
brosia, daughter  of  William  and  Amelia  (Cox)  Eaton, 
an  account  of  whose  lives  appears  elsewhere  in  this 
volume.  To  this  happy  marriage  there  have  been  born 
two  children,  Vera  and  Hazel.  In  political  affairs  Mr. 
Jones  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  is  always  active  in 
local  matters,  as  well  as  in  state  and  national  politics. 
He  was  elected  clerk  of  the  town  board  in  1892  and 
served  until  1895,  and  again  in  1896  he  was  chosen  to 
the  same  position  and  served  until  1898. 


ANDREW  J.  JONES.  This  gentleman  is  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  the  fertile  region  adjacent  to  Bonners 
Ferry;  in  1889  he  had  a  hotel  there,  which  was  built 
of  logs  and  was  about  the  first  in  that  section.  He  has 
been  identified  with  the  progression  and  advancement 
of  the  county  since  his  advent  and  is  a  highly  respected 
citizen  who  has  gained  a  becoming  success  in  his  la- 
bors. 

Andrew  J.  Jones  was  born  in  Vigo  county,  Indi- 
ana, on  October  27,  1830,  being  the  son  of  Horatia  and 
Rachel  (Rust)  Jones,  natives  of  Indiana  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, respectively.  The  father  died  in  Indiana  in 
1830.  The  mother  died  in  Iowa.  Our  subject's  pa- 
ternal grandfather  was  employed  in  the  Revolutionary 
service  as  a  gunsmith.  Andrew  J.  received  the  educa- 
tion to  be  had  from  the  training  given  in  the  primitive 
school  of  his  time  and  gave  himself  to  assist  his 
mother  in  the  support  of  the  family.  They  had  re- 
moved to  Fountain  county,  Indiana,  and  there  he  re- 
mained until  twenty-four.  Then  he  bought  one  hun- 
dred and  forty  acres  of  land,  which  he  brought  to  a 
good  state  of  cultivation  and  then  sold.  He  purchased 
another  piece  in  the  same  county  and  sold  it  in  1865. 
Then  he  came  to  Missouri  and  three  years  later  went 
thence  to  Fremont  county,  Iowa.  He  freighted  for 
two  years,  worked  a  farm  one  year  and  then  went  to 
Riverton  and  worked  in  a  lumber  yard  for  six  years. 


858 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Next  we  see  him  in  K 
years  he  worked  for  o 
thence  that  he 


and  one-half 


It 


md  f 

i  there  in  a  lumber  yard. 

erected  the  hotel  that  we  have  mentioned  above.  He 
operated  it  for  two  and  one-half  years  and  then  moved 
one-half  mile  out  and  took  a  homestead  of  forty-nine 
acres,  which  he  has  planted  to  fruit  and  vegetables. 
In  1852  Mr.  Jones  married  Miss  Maryetta,  daugh- 
ter of  Shubel  and  Mary  (Yates)  Starbuck,  natives  of 
Indiana.  The  mother  died  when  Mrs.  Jones  was  young 
and  the  father  some  time  later.  To  our  worthy  sub- 
ject and  his  estimable  wife  there  have  been  born  four 
children:  Constante.  married  and  living  in  Fremont 
county,  Iowa;  Volentis,  married  and  living  in  Ne- 
braska; Thomas,  married  to  Ambrosia  Eaton,  living 
in  Bonners  Ferry ;  Annabel!,  wife  of  Dr.  T.  A.  Bish- 
op. Mr.  Jones  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 


ISAIAH  CAUSTON.  This  respected  citizen  and 
well-to-do  agriculturist  of  the  vicinity  of  Bonners  Fer- 
ry has  had  an  interesting  career  and  as  he  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  capable  men  of  this  section  he  is  en- 
titled to  representation  in  his  county  history,  inasmuch 
also  as  he  has  done  much  toward  the  development  of 
the  resources  of  the  county  and  its  material  progress. 

Isaiah  Causton  was  born  in  England,  at  Fobham, 
near  the  Thames,  on  May  8,  1851,  being  the  son  of 
Isaiah  and  Louisa  (Moore)  Causton,  natives  also  of 
that  land.  The  father  was  a  sworn  officer  in  a  large 
corporation,  whose  duties  were  to  see  that  both  the 
public  and  the  corporation  were  properly  dealt  with. 
He  died  in  1892.  The  mother  came  to  America  in  the 
following  year,  locating  at  Philadelphia,  where  she 
died  in  1902.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  at  his  native  place  and  at  the  early  age 
of  seven,  he  being  the  oldest  of  thirteen  children,  he 
went  to  peddling  herrings  to  the  soldiers  in  the  bar- 
racks. He  bought  ten  pence's  worth  of  herrings  and 
sold  them  so  as  to  realize  seven  pence  profit.  This 
much  he  gained  each  day.  This  work  continued  unin- 
terruptedly for  five  years  and  he  had  saved  a  goodly 
amount  and  he  enlarged  his  business  and  the  last  year 
he  did  business  there  he  cleared  one  thousand  dollars. 
In  1890  he  came  to  Canada,  rented  a  farm  and  also 
did  stone  mason  work.  It  was  in  1894  that  he  came  to 
Bonners  Ferry  and  took  a  homestead,  four  miles  out. 
He  has  done  "well  in  his  labors  and  in  1901  he  com- 
menced the  dairy  business,  in  which  he  has  also  had  a 
good  success,  owing  to  his  care  and  skill  in  the  prose- 
cution of  the  business.  In  addition  to  his  farm,  his 
dairy  and  other  property  he  has  eighteen  town  lots. 

September  I.  1873,  Mr.  Causton  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Brentnall.  whose  parents  were  natives  of 
London,  England.  To  this  happy  marriage  there  have 
been  born  ten  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living  and 
named  as  follows :  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Louis  Amerman, 
living  in  Bonners  Ferry :  Ada,  wife  of  Louis  Johnson, 
living  at  Bothwell,  near  Seattle ;  Mr.  Johnson  had  the 
distinction  of  driving  the  outlaw,  Harry  Tracey,  to 
the  house  of  Mrs.  Van  Home,  in  Woodland  park; 


George,  single,  and  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.; 
Harriett,  Emma,  Albert  and  Fred.  Mr.  Causton  takes- 
an  active  part  in  political  matters  and  manifests  intelli- 
gence and  zeal  in  support  of  the  government.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  in  Bonners  Ferry,  and 
his  wife  is  affiliated  with  the  L.  O.  T.  M.  of  the  same 
place. 


JOHN  OHOGGE  is  one  of  the  vigorous  and  stir- 
ring business  men  of  Bonners  Ferry  who  has  made  a 
brilliant  success  in  his  endeavors.  He  is  proprietor  of 
a  first-class  butcher  shop  in  Bonners  Ferry  and  one  in 
Sandpoint.  He  also  has  a  fine  farm  of  about  two  hun- 
dred acres  near  Bonners  Ferry,  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  of  which  are  producing  hay.  It  is  one  of  the 
best  farms  in  the  valley.  Mr.  Ohogge  has  also  a  cou- 
ple of  business  buildings  in  Bonners  Ferry,  two  stories 
high,  besides  his  shop,  residence  and  a  dozen  good 
lots.  Mr.  Ohogge  is  also  the  possessor  of  some  fine 
mines,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  four  claims  on 
Round  prairie.  These  have  a  ledge  seventy-five  feet 
wide  and  assays  show  gold  to  the  value  of  over  nine 
dollars  per  ton.  He  also  has  two  claims  in  the  Buck- 
horn  district  which  show  a  valuation  of  thirty-eight 
dollars  in  gold. 

Reverting  to  the  initial  history  of  our  subject,  we 
note  that  he  was  born  in  Scotland,  on  June  u,  1854,. 
being  the  son  of  W.  W.  and  Anna  (Patterson) 
Ohogge,  also  natives  of  Scotland.  They  removed  to 
Canada  and  in  1868  came  to  the  United  States,  locat- 
ing in  Buffalo,  New  York.  The  father  was  one  of  the 
largest  contractors  of  his  time  and  among  the  many 
excellent  works  that  he  executed  we  note  the  follow- 
ing: He  built  the  fortifications  for  the  Canadian  gov- 
ernment at  Point  Libbie,  and  the  Grand  Trunk  bridge 
across  the  Thames,  Canada ;  then  he  built  mason  work 
for  nine  miles  on  the  Intercolonial  Railroad ;  the  next 
was  a  large  stone  church  in  Guelph,  Ontario ; 
then  he  built  the  foundation  for  the  Clark  hotel  in 
Chicago ;  and  at  Paisley,  Ontario ;  he  erected  several 
large  buildings,  and  in  1898  he  died.  John  was  edu- 
cated in  Scotland,  but  had  very  meagre  opportunity- 
for  educational  training,  being  obliged  to  gain  most 
that  he  acquired  by  careful  personal  research.  At  the 
tender  age  of  seven  he  went  to  sea  with  his  brother 
and  sailed  with  him  for  five  years.  Then  he  shipped 
on  another  vessel  until  he  was  twenty.  He  had  been 
quartermaster  for  five  years  and  for  three  years  he- 
was  mate.  At  the  time  of  his  leaving  the  sea  at  twenty, 
he  had  first-class  mate's  papers.  In  1875  he  went  to- 
Manitoba  and  shipped  cattle  and  horses  to  that  coun- 
try from  Montana  and  spent  fourteen  years  in  this- 
business.  Then  he  came  to  Spokane  and  at  Crossport 
furnished  the  Great  Northern  with  meat  for  the  period 
of  their  construction.  It  was  in  1891  that  he  estab- 
lished a  butcher  shop  in  Bonners  Ferry  and  since  that 
date  he  has  steadily  devoted  himself  to  this  business,, 
with  the  other  interests  mentioned  above,  and  he  is  one 
of  the  respected  and  successful  business  men  of  the 
town.  He  has  eighty  head  of  cattle  and  a  good  many 
horses  in  addition  to  the  other  property  mentioned. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


859 


In  1886  Mr.  Ohogge  married  Miss  Eva,  daughter 
of  Thomas  and  Rosetta  (Janes)  Ammermon,  natives, 
respectively,  of  England  and  Canada.  They  came  to 
the  United  States  when  young,  locating  in  Bay  City, 
Michigan,  where  the  mother  died  and  the  father  came 
west  in  1891.  Politically  Mr.  Ohogge  is  always  act- 
ive and  is  allied  with  the  Democrats.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  of  P.  at  Bonners  Ferry  and  of  the  B.  P.  O. 
E.  in  Spokane.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church. 


JANET  R.  SINCLAIR.  This  well  known  and 
estimable  lady  lives  three  and  one-half  miles  west 
from  Bonners  Ferry,  where  she  has  a  fine  stock  farm 
and  also  handles  a  general  farming  business.  She  is 
a  native  of  Nova  Scotia  and  came  to  Washington  in 
1880,  with  her  husband,  Daniel  G.  Sinclair.  They 
located  in  North  Yakima  and  in  1888  came  to  their 
present  location  in  Kootenai  county.  In  1893  Mr. 
Sinclair  died  and  left  the  wife  and  three  sons.  Mrs. 
Sinclair  has  done  nobly  in  managing  affairs,  and  is 
very  successful  in  her  labors.  When  they  first  came 
they  bought  a  quarter  section,  well  improved,  and 
to  this  she  has  added  at  different  times  until  she  now 
has  six  hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  land.  She  has 
about  fifty  head  of  cattle  and  six  horses.  In  1901  she 
took  a  homestead  adjoining  her  home  place.  Con- 
siderable of  her  land  is  good  for  hay  and  she  has 
abundant  crops  of  this.  In  the  panic  of  1893-4  she 
lost  heavily,  having  on  hand  considerable  land  which 
she  was  purchasing  from  the  railroad.  After  those 
grievous  years,  which  cast  a  gloom  over  the  entire 
land,  our  subject  has  done  better.  She  is  well  re- 
spected in  the  community  and  beloved,  while  her  prem- 
ises manifest  thrift  and  industry. 


JAMES  E.  DOLAN  is  at  the  present  time  in- 
spector of  customs  at  Bonners  Ferry,  and  is  one  of 
the  substantial  and  leading  citizens  of  Kootenai  coun- 
ty, having  been  influential  and  prominent  in  all  the 
years  in  which  he  has  been  in  the  county.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  first  county  convention  that  nominated 
a  straight  Republican  ticket  and  he  assisted  in  organiz- 
ing the  Republican  party  in  the  county.  He  has  al- 
ways taken  a  prominent  place  in  active  work  in  poli- 
tics until  of  late:  and  now  the  duties  of  his  office 
being  quite  absorbing,  he  has  given  himself  to  them. 

James  E.  Dolan  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
on  August  i,  1860,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Bedelia 
(Clancy)  Dolan,  natives  of  Ireland.  They  came  to 
America  in  1855  and  ten  years  later  removed  from 
New  York,  via  Panama,  to  Oregon  City,  where  they 
remained  the.  balance  of  their  lives.  The  father  died 
in  1889  and  ten  years  later  the  mother  passed  the 
dark  river,  They  were  the  parents  of  eight  children. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  Oregon  City,  Portland, 
and  completed  this  important  branch  of  his  life's  prep- 
aration in  taking  a  college  course  at  Vancouver.  In 
1 88 1  he  read  law  one  year  with  E.  L.  Esthan,  in  Ore- 


gon City,  and  then  entered  commercial  life  for  Jacob 
Brothers,  owners  of  the  Oregon  woolen  mills  in  Port- 
land. Five  years  he  remained  there  and  then  came  to 
Idaho  in  the  employ  of  the  Kootenai  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company,  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  with 
whom  he  remained  for  five  years.  In  1890  he  was 
appointed  special  inspector  of  customs  for  the  United 
States  for  one  year.  In  1892  he  was  ordered  to  Bon- 
ners Ferry  as  deputy  United  States  collector  of  cus- 
toms, being  the  first  custom  official  in  Idaho.  In 
1893  he  resigned  this  position  and  the  following  year 
he  was  appointed  to  his  present  position. 

In  1891  Mr.  Dolan  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of 
Henry  and  Augusta  Schirmir,  natives  of  Germany. 
The  father  was  a  sea  captain  from  Hamburg  to  Liver- 
pool, and  died  in  Hamburg  in  1879,  and  the  mother  is 
still  living  in  America.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dolan 
the  following  children  have  been  born:  Harrison 
James,  Ella  Rose,  Willis,  deceased,  Fred  T.  Debois. 
Mr.  Dolan  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Utopia 
Lodge  No.  36,  of  Bonners  Ferry ;  of  the  K.  of  P., 
Acme  Lodge  No.  15;  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  both  of  the 
last  also  in  Bonners  Ferry.  He  and  his  wife  are 
also  members  of  the  Rebekahs.  They  are  highly  re- 
spected people  and  are  esteemed  by  all,  being  valued 
members  of  society. 


LOUIS  E.  BOYKER.  This  gentleman  is  a  typi- 
cal frontiersman  and  has  been  a  pioneer  in  various 
sections  all  of  his  life.  At  the  present  time  he  is 
handling  a  nursery,  three  miles  west  from  Bonners 
Ferry,  where  he  has  a  choice  stock  of  all  varieties  of 
fruit  trees,  ornamental  trees,  shrubs  and  plants  for  sale. 
He  is  a  thorough  nurseryman  and  already  is  doing  a 
good  business,  having  been  engaged  in  this  place  but 
a  short  time. 

Louis  E.  Boyker  was  born  in  Maine  on  June  3, 
1849,  being  the  son  of  William  R.  and  Elizabeth 
(Anderson)  Boyker,  natives  of  England  and  Scot- 
land, respectively.  They  came  to  this  country  when 
young,  locating  in  Maine,  where  the  mother  died.  The 
father  died  in  Kent,  Washington,  May  26,  1903,  aged 
eighty- four.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  in  Maine,  and  started  for  himself  when 
fifteen  years  of  age.  He  went  to  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa,  and  labored  in  a  tin  shop  until  1869,  then  went 
to  where  Denver  now  stands.  -He  mined  on  the  Platte 
river  in  Colorado  for  one  year  and  then  went  to  the 
Black  Hills,  South  Dakota,  in  1875.  He  located 
claims  that  made  good  mines,  and  in  1878  came  to 
Montana  and  mined  in  that  state  for  ten  years.  It 
was  1892  that  he  came  to  Bonners  Ferry,  where  he 
has  followed  mining  mostly  since.  In  1902  he  pur- 
chased the  nursery  mentioned  above,  and  \vhere  he 

In  IQOO  Mr.  Boyker  married  Miss  Julia  E.,  daugh- 
ter of  Richard  and  Jestina  Fry.  In  political  matters 
Mr.  Boyker  is  always  active,  both  in  the  local  affairs 
and  in  state  politics"  as  well.  In  1898  he  was  elected 
constable  for  two  years,  and  was  also  marshal  of  Bon- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


y  ior  tw 


He  has  alw 


.  has  always  given  sat- 

isfaction in  his  public  services,  being  faithful  and 
efficient.  Mr.  Boyker  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P., 
Acme  Lodge.  No.  15,  of  Bonners  Ferry. 


RICHARD  A.  FRY,  deceased.  No  compilation 
that  has  to  do  with  the  history  of  Kootenai  county 
would  be  complete  without  an  account  of  the  worthy 
gentleman  and  renowned  pioneer  whose  name  is  at  the 
head  of  this  memoir.  No  man  was  better  known  in  all 
this  northwest  country  than  Richard  A.  Fry.  He  was  a 
pioneer  and  frontiersman  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word 
and  was  a  fearless  champion  of  the  cause  of  right  and 
an  untiring  friend  to  those  in  distress.  We  therefore 
append  a  brief  recital  of  the  salient  points  in  his 
career. 

Richard  A.  Fry  was  born  in  Knox  county,  Illinois, 
in  March,  1838,  and  in.  1849  he  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Linn  county,  Oregon,  they  having  made  the  trip 
across  the  plains  with  wagons.  He  participated  in  the 
Cayuse  Indian  war  of  1855-6  and  assisted  to  capture 
the  old  Indian  warrior,  Pu-pu-mox-mox.  He  was  in 
Company  H,  Oregon  Volunteers,  then,  and  the  young- 
est member  of  the  company.  After  the  war  spoken  of 
he  returned  to  his  home  in  Oregon  and  soon  left  for 
the  Colville  country  where  he  engaged  in  trapping  and 
mining.  With  his  brother,  he  engaged  in  the  merchan- 
dising business  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pend  Oreille  river 
and  in  his  absence  the  Indians  killed  his  brother  am! 
ransacked  the  store,  taking  what  they  pleased.  The 
British  gave  him  a  commission,  aided  by  George  Mont- 
•eur,  to  order  the  Indians  to  desist.  He  and  his  compan- 
ion were  captured  and  while  the  savages  quarreled  as 
to  their  execution,  they  escaped  and  returned  to  Col- 
ville. 

Mr.  Fry  was  familiar  with  every  camp  from  Vic- 
toria to  the  Kootenai  region  and  had  prospected  on 
nearly  every  tributary  of  the  Columbia. 

He  came  to  Bonners  Ferry  in  1876,  settled  down 
and  established  a  post  for  trading.  He  bought  the 
ferry  from  Mr.  Bonner  and  operated  it  for  sixteen 
years.  He  conducted  a  stage  line  and  pack  train  from 
Walla  Walla  to  Wild  Horse,  a  mining  camp  in  British 
Columbia,  and  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in 

right  and  the  Indians  had  implicit  faith  in  him  and  in 
many  cases  his  kindly  assistance  secured  them  right 
from  persecutors. 

In  1892  he  retired  to  his  ranch  below  Bonners 
Ferry  and  his  extensive  lands,  all  well  handled,  pro- 
claimed his  skill,  thrift  and  industry. 

On  December  14,  1898,  while  attending  court  busi- 
ness in  Rathdrum,  the  summons  came  suddenly  and 
Mr.  Fry  passed  away.  His  funeral,  held  in  Bonners 
Ferry,  was  one  of  the  greatest  concourses  of  people 
ever  assembled  there  on  a  like  occasion.  The  Indians 
deeply  mourned  when  he  passed  away.  The  old  pio- 
neers, every  acquaintance,  and  all  who  knew  of  him 
joined  in  sincere  expression  of  sorrow,  for  all  knew 
that  a  good  man  had  gone  to  his  rest  and  we  would  see 


his  familiar  form  dispensing  charitable  deeds  on  every 
hand  no  more.  He  was  generous  to  a  fault  and  no  man 
can  say  that  he  ever  left  the  door  of  Richard  Fry  with- 
out food  and  the  comforts  of  life. 

Mr.  Fry  left  a  widow  and  eight  children.  George, 
Clarence.  Frank,  Mrs.  Arthur  E.  Bunting.  Mrs.  I.  J. 
Brant,  Mrs.  Charles  Ewing,  Mrs.  George  T.  Kane,  and 
little  Annie,  the  youngest. 

The  country  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Fry  for  the  intre- 
pidity and  courage  he  manifested  in  his  career  in 
opening  the  way  for  others  to  follow  in  the  develop- 
ment of  this  country,  in  the  worthy  labors  that  he  did 
for  the  welfare  of  all  who  lived  here  and  in  paving  the 
way  for  a  greater  civilization. 


JUDGE  HENRY  MELDER.  This  gentleman 
holds  the  position  of  deputy  collector  of  customs  at 
Bonners  Ferry  and  is  well  known  as  a  capable,  thor- 
ough, upright  business  man  and  an  honorable  gentle- 
man. Henry  Melder  was  born  in  Calmar,  Sweden, 
on  January  10,  1830.  He  came  to  America  when  a 
child,  and  received  a  high  school  education.  At  thir- 
teen he  took  a  position  as  cabin  boy  on  a  vessel  bound 
for  a  three  years'  cruise  around  the  world.  He  spent 
two  years  in"  Peru  and  Chile  and  returned  to  New  York 
in  1847.  He  next  went  to  Vera  Cruz  and  thence 
to  Hamburg,  Germany,  taking  there  the  examination 
in  navigation  which  gave  him  first  mate's  papers.  Re- 
turning to  New  Orleans,  he  made  the  leading  ports  of 
the  world  and  later  coasted  out  of  New  York.  In 
1850  he  started,  via  Panama,  to  California,  arriving 
in  San  Francisco  in  April,  1850.  He  sailed  on  the 
bav  for  a  year,  then  bought  a  small  schooner  and 
operated  it  until  1854.  Then,  on  account  of  sickness, 
he  sold  his  property  and  went  to  Iowa.  In  the  winter 
of  1854  he  bought  a  hotel  in  Calmar,  enlarged  it, 
started  a  town  site  and  did  a  big  business  until  1857. 
Then  we  see  him  in  Freeborn  county,  Minnesota, 
where  he  bought  a  farm  and  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace  and  tax  collector.  He  had  the  first  white  child 
born  in  his  family  that  was  born  in  that  county.  In 
1861  he  was  forced  from  that  place  by  the  Indians, 
and  he  went  to  Chicago  and  sailed  on  the  lakes  for 
three  years.  He  enlisted  in  a  company  for  the  war, 
but  was  rejected  on  account  of  poor  eyesight.  In 
1867  he  went  to  Minnesota,  sold  his  farm  and  the  next 
year  went  to  California.  He  was  attorney  and  deputy 
county  surveyor  of  Sonoma  county  for  eight  years, 
and  in  1879  he  came  to  Spokane.  He  practiced  law 
there  for  a  time,  and  in  1881  he  came  to  Rathdrum 
and  opened  a  law  office.  He  practiced  there  with 
good  success  until  1898.  when  he  received  his  present 
position  and  came  to  Bonners  Ferry.  He  was  the 
first  probate  judge  of  Kootenai  county,  was  a  member 
of  the  constitutional  convention  in  1889  and  in  1892  he 
was  nominated  by  his  party,  the  Republican,  for  pro- 
bate judge,  but  at  that  time  the  party  was  defeated. 
Judge  Melder  has  the  distinction  of  casting  his  first 
vote  for  Fremont  and  has  staid  with  his  party  since 
that  time. 


RICHARD  A.  FRY 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  1856  Mr.  Melder  married  Miss  Sarah  J.,  daugh- 
ter of  Harris  and  Ledia  (Lunt)  Bloggett,  natives,  re- 
spectively, of  Vermont  and  Maine.  To  this  happy 
union  there  have  been  born  the  following  children: 
Oscar  F.,  married  and  living  in  this  county;  Henry 
L.,  single  and  living  in  Rathdrum ;  Fredrick  E.,  mar- 
ried and  living  in  Spirit  valley;  Gustave  E.,  single, 
living  on  Priest  river;  Minnie  A.,  wife  of  Ed  Rose, 
in  Spokane:  Clara  H.,  wife  of  Robert  Bragaw,  at 
Priest  river :  Alary  E.,  wife  of  A.  J.  Young,  at  Twin 
lake. 

Judge  Melder  is  a  member  of  the  Masons,  Coeur 
d'Alene  Lodge,  No,  34;  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  No.  36, 
and  of  the  Rebekahs,  No.  43,  both  at  Bonners  Ferry ; 
of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Spokane  Lodge,  No.  16,  of  Spo- 
kane, being  the  organizer  of  this  lodge  in  1881 ;  of 
the  Rathbone  Sisters.  Mrs.  Melder  is  a  member  of 
the  Rathbone  Sisters,  at  Rathdrum,  Idaho,  and  of  the 
Rebekahs,  No.  43,  in  Bonners  Ferry.  She  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 


WILLIAM  R.  ELSASSER.  One  mile  north 
from  Sandpoint  is  the  farm  of  our  subject.  He  pays 
especial  attention  to  fruit  raising  and  mining,  and  has 
done  commendable  labor  in  the  upbuilding  and  sub- 
stantial development  of  this  portion  of  the  county, 
being  a  man  of  deep  resources  and  an  adaptability  that 
enables  him  to  take  advantage  of  the  opportunities  of 
the  day. 

William  R.  Elsasser  was  born  in  Chicago  on  March 
n,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Catherine 
(Trimpy)  Elsasser,  natives,  respectively,  of  Germany 
and  Switzerland.  They  came  to  this  country  when 
young  and  located  in  Chicago,  operating  there  a  cigar 
factory  and  general  store.  In  1884  they  removed  to 
Sanger,  Texas,  where  they  live  now,  retired.  They 
were  the  parents  of  five  children, — Kate,  with  par- 
ents;  Anna,  wife  of  James  Perry,  at  Valley  View, 
Texas ;  J.  Fred,  married  and  living  in  Sanger,  Texas ; 
John  T.,  married  and  living  in  Sandpoint;  William 
R.,  the  subject  of  this  review.  William  R.  was  edu- 
cated at  Three  Oaks  and  in  1884  went  with  his  par- 
ents to  Texas.  At  eight  o'clock,  P.  M.,  on  August 
8,  1888,  Mr.  Elsasser  and  his  brother,  John,  started 
for  northern  Idaho  for  the  purpose  of  trapping  and 
hunting.  They  were  led  to  make  the  trip  on  account 
of  poor  health.  Upon  landing  here  they  found  that 
more  money  was  to  be  made  in  timber  work  and  con- 
tracting, and  therefose  went  at  it.  They  made  from 
five  to  eighteen  dollars  apiece,  each  day  all  season, 
and  the  next  year  they  did  better.  They  contracted 
telephone  and  telegraph  poles  for  the  Rock  Mountain 
Bell  Telephone  Company.  In  1890  they  made  a  trip 
to  British  Columbia,  prospecting,  and  were  among  the 
very  first  to  penetrate  the  Kootenai  lake  district.  In 
1891  they  returned  to  Texas  and  purchased  four  hun- 
dred acres  of  land,  expecting  to  farm  it,  but  on  ac- 
count of  poor  health  they  were  again  forced  to  leave 
that  country,  and  so  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Sandpoint. 
Our  subject  took  his  homestead,  and  to  the  impn 


:nt  of  it  and  in  general  timber  work  and  mining  he 
5  been  engaged  since.  He  has  thirteen  and  one-half 
acres  of  orchard,  it  being  exceptionally  fine.  He  has 
fine  buildings,  having  built  three  houses, — the  first  in 
1889,  the  next  in  1893  and  his  present  tasty  residence 
in  1897.  Mr.  Elsasser  is  a  man  of  enterprise  and 
ability  and  has  accomplished  much  in  the  development 
of  the  country,  while  his  geniality  and  warmhearted- 
ness have  won  him  hosts  of  friends. 


JONAS  P.  PEARSON  is  one  of  the  substantial 
and  industrious  men  who  has  wrought  in  Kootenai 
county  for  its  material  progress  and  development  and 
is  entitled  to  a  place  in  its  annals  as  one  of  the  real 
builders  of  the  county-  He  is  a  mtan  of  integrity 
id  good  principles,  stands  well  among  his  fellows  and 
manifests  integrity  and  reliability  in  his  walks. 

Jonas  P.  Pearson  was  born  in  Bracke,  Sweden,  on 
May  28,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Per  and  Christine  Mat- 
son,  also  natives  of  Sweden.  They  were  thrifty  farm- 
ers of  their  section,  and  the  mother  died  in  1889,  but 
the  father  is  still  living,  aged  eighty-four,  and  is  hale 
and  hearty.  They  were  the  parents  of  six  children, 
five  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows :  M.  J.,  living  in 
Australia;  Ole,  Leander,  Stena  B.  and  Jonas  P.,  the 
immediate  subject  of  this  Sketch.  Jonas  studied  in 
the  common  schools  until  seventeen  years  and  then 
went  to  work  for  himself.  He  worked  for  a  farmer 
for  one  year  and  then  rented  his  father's  farm  for 
three  years,  after  which  he  went  to  work  in  a  store. 
Three  years  were  occupied  in  that  employment  and  three 
more  in  a  paper  mill  as  foreman,  when  in  1891  Mr. 
Pearson  came  to  America.  He  located  first  in  Min- 
neapolis for  a  short  time  and  then  came  to  Montana 
and  later  to  Spokane,  where  he  railroaded  for  a  time. 
Then  he  went  to  the  woods,  and  lumbering  and  rail- 
roading engaged  his  attention  until  1897,  when  he 
purchased  a  man's  right  to  the  land  where  he  now 
lives,  two  and  one-half  miles  south  from  Sandpoint. 


He  has 


arlv 


section   and   devotes 


attention  to  general  farming  and  also  to  logging.  Mr. 
Pearson  has  some  fine  orchards  and  he  is  steadily  im- 
proving and  clearing  the  land  for  crops.  He  owns  his 
own  logging  outfit  and  does  considerable  of  this  labor 
for  others,  on  contract. 

Mr.  Pearson  is  a  charter  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
Sandpoint  Camp,  No.  7191.  He  also  belongs  to  the 
Lutheran  church.  He  is  a  man  of  good  habits  and 
wisdom  and  has  manifested  his  ability  to  transform 
the  resources  of  this  section  into  good  property. 


JOHN  T.  ELSASSER.  In  the  fruit  and  farming 
industries  of  Kootenai  county  the  subject  of  this  article 
takes  a  good  rank.  He  has  a  fine  farm  about  one 
mile  north  from  Sandpoint,  where  he  is  handling  about 
fourteen  acres  of  orchard  and  also  doing  a  general 
farming  business.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Elsasser 
has  a  fine  mine  about  two  miles  from  the  farm,  which 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  and  his  brother  owji  in  partnership,  while  also  in 
Buffalo  Hump  and  Republic  countries  he  owns  min- 
ing interests. 

John  T.  Elsasser  was  born  in  Chicago  on  Novem- 
ber 1 8,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Jacob  F.  and  Catherine 
(Trimpy)  Elsasser,  natives  of  Germany  and  Switzer- 
land, respectively.  They  came  to  America  when  about 
fifteen  and  located  in  Chicago,  it  being  then  a  very 
small  town.  The  father  operated  a  cigar  factory  and 
store  and  remained  there  until  1869,  about  twenty 
years.  Then  a  move  was  made  to  Three  Oaks,  Michi- 
gan, and  in  1884  they  went  to  Texas,  where  they  pur- 
chased a  farm  of  two  thousand,  one  hundred  and  thirty 
acres.  They  now  rent  this  and  are  retired  from  ac- 
tive life.  In  the  great  Chicago  fire  they  lost  three 
houses  and  then  sold  their  real  estate.  John  T.  was 
educated  in  Chicago  and  in  Michigan  and  when 
eighteen  quit  school  and  devoted  his  whole  time  to 
laboring  with  his  father.  When  twenty-six,  in  com- 
pany with  his  brother,  William,  he  came  to  northern 
Idaho  to  trap  and  hunt,  but  finding  an  opening  in  the 
pole  business,  they  went  at  it,  and  on  one  contract 
they  realized  eighteen  hundred  dollars'  profit.  In 
1890  they  went  to  British  Columbia  and  prospected, 
being  among  the  first  ones  in  the  Kootenai  Lake  dis- 
trict. In  1891  they  returned  to  Texas  and  bought 
a  large  farm  and  settled  down,  but  failing  health  drove 
them  hence  again,  and  they  returned  to  their  claims, 
which  adjoin  in  the  woods  north  from  Sandpoint. 
The  house  where  they  had  stored  all  their  tools  was 
burned  and  they  rebuilt.  Since  that  time  they  have 
given  their  time  to  mining  and  fruit  culture. 

In  1891  Mr.  Elsasser  married  Miss  Ollie  Campbell, 
whose  parents  live  in  Texas,  and  to  this  happy  union 
three  children  have  been  born,— May,  James  T.  and 
Lora.  Mr.  Elsasser  is  a  man  of  good  principles,  is 
a  fine  neighbor,  a  loyal  friend,  a  true  and  upright  man 
and  a  patriotic  citizen,  having  gained  the  good  will 
and  esteem  of  all. 


ROBERT  S.  BRAGAW.  Few  men  are  better 
known  in  Kootenai  county  than  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Having  come  hither  in  its  early  days,  he  has 
so  identified  himself  with  its  interests  and  development 
that  he  is  rightly  esteemed  by  all  as  a  leading  and 
substantial  citizen. 

Robert  S.  Bragaw  was  born  in  New  London,  Con- 
necticut, on  October  i,  1851.  His  parents,  now  both 
deceased,  were  born  on  Long  Island.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place 
and  when  nineteen  went  to  New  York  city  and  ac- 
cepted a  position  in  a  wholesale  grocery  house.  In 
the  spring  of  1874  he  went  to  Colorado,  and  for  a 
decade  thereafter  he  was  engaged  in  clerical  work 
and  mining.  In  the  winter  of  1883-4  Mr.  Bragaw 
came  with  the  wave  to  the  mines  in  Shoshone  county, 
near  Murray.  The  following  summer  he  came  from 
that  section  to  Rathdrum,  Kootenai  county.  From 
October  16,  1884,  to  January  12,  1899,  fourteen  years 
and  three  months,  Mr.  Bragaw  was  clerk  of  the  district 


court  and  recorder  of  Kootenai  county,  residing  dur- 
ing this  time  in  Rathdrum,  the  county  seat.  This 
extended  service  to  the  people  of  Kootenai  county  was 
wrought  with  excellent  execution  and  entire  satisfac- 
tion to  all.  On  May  26,  1899,  Mr.  Bragaw  was  ac- 
corded a  position  in  the  Forest  Reserve  force  of  the 
United  States,  and  was  installed  as  supervisor  of  the 
Priest  River  Forest  Reserve  in  Idaho  and  Washing- 
ton, in  which  capacity  he  has  continued  since.  His 
office  and  headquarters  are  at  the  town  of  Priest  River. 
On  December  31,  1885,  Mr.  Bragaw  married  Miss 
Clara  H.  Medler,  whose  parents  reside  at  Bonners 
Ferry,  her  father  being  deputy  collector  of  customs 
there.  Mrs.  Bragaw  was  born  in  California  on  April 
13,  1869,  and  came  to  Kootenai  county  with  her 
parents  when  she  was  eleven  years  of  age.  On  May 
2,  1889,  Robert  S.  Bragaw,  Jr.,  was  born  to  this  mar- 
riage. He  is  now  in  the  high  school  in  Spokane. 


MARCUS  D.  WRIGHT  is  truly  one  of  the  build- 
ers of  Kootenai  county.  He  was  a  prime  mover  in  its 
organization  in  i88i"and  was  its  first  assessor  and 
collector.  In  July  of  the  same  year  he  assisted  to 
plat  the  town  site  of  Rathdrum,  being  half  owner.  In 
the  same  year  he  established  a  general  merchandise 
store  there  and  has  continued  it  until  the  present,  being 
now  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  the  northern  part 
of  the  state.  He  has  a  branch  establishment  in  Post- 
falls,  and  did  own  one  at  Saint  Maries.  Last  year 
his  business  in  the  merchandise  line  footed  one  hundred 
and  twenty  thousand.  In  addition  to  this  Mr.  Wright 
has  bought  and  sold  much  land  and  now  has  ten 
thousand  acres  in  Kootenai  county  alone.  Half  of 
this  vast  estate  is  agricultural  and  the  balance  timber 
land.  From  1886  until  the  present  Mr.  Wright  has 
also  been  doing  a  large  business  in  handling  ties  for 
the  Northern  Pacific.  During  these  years  that  com- 
pany has  paid  him  over  one  million  dollars  for  ties 
alone.  At  the  present  time  Mr.  Wright  is  handling, 
in  addition  to  the  mammoth  enterprises  mentioned,  a 
large  grading  contract  on  the  electric  line  from  Spokane 
to  Coeur  d'Alene.  These  facts  at  once  convey  to  the 
mind  that  the  gentleman  of  whom  we  now  have  the 
pleasure  to  speak,  is  one  of  the  heavy  operators  in 
various  leading  business  lines  in  the  northwest,  and 
the  unstinted  success  wrought  out  in  every  department 
of  his  large  enterprises  is  due  solely  to  the  executive 
force,  keen  discrimination  and  sound  methods  of  busi- 
ness possessed  and  used  by  Mr.  Wright. 

Reverting  to  the  personal  matter  of  his  career  we 
note  that  Marcus  D.  Wright  was  born  in  Kentucky  on 
April  1 6,  1851,  and  is  the  son  of  John  W.  and  Mary 
(Gipson)  Wright,  also  natives  of  Kentucky.  They 
were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  and  six  of  them  are 
still  living.  The  father  died  in  Illinois,  aged  sixty- 
four,  but  the  mother  is  still  living  in  Germantown, 
Kentucky.  The  first  seventeen  years  of  life  were 
spent  by  our  subject  in  his  native  state,  and  the  edu- 
cational training  so  useful  in  life  was  there  obtained 
from  the  public  schools.  Then  came  a  journey  to 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


863 


St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  where  he  made  his  home  until 
his  majority.  In  1871  he  went  to  Montana,  and  six 
years  later  went  thence  to  Spokane,  Washington.  In 
1 88 1  he  was  found  in  what  is  now  Kootenai  county, 
and  his  career  here  has  been  one  of  leader  all  the 
time,  wherein  he  has  ever  manifested  both  sterling 
worth  and  integrity,  ever  allying  himself  with  those 
measures  and  movements  which  are  for  improvement. 

In  1881  Mr.  Wright  married  Miss  Bertie  Piper,  a 
native  of  California,  and  to  them  were  born  eight  chil- 
dren—Florence A.,  wife  of  M.  F.  Darling,  of  Dayton, 
Washington;  May  W.,  Elida  R.,  Zella  Z.,  John  J., 
Bertie  D.,  Stella  H.  and  M.  Gordon.  On  February 
9,  1900,  Mr.  Wright  was  called  to  mourn  the  death 
of  his  faithful  wife,  and  her  remains  rest  in  Pine  Grove 
cemetery  at  Rathdrum,  Idaho. 

On  September  20,  1902,  Mr.  Wright  married  Mrs. 
Marie  W.  Bennett,  stepdaughter  of  the  late  A.  M. 
Cannon,  of  Spokane. 

Politically  Mr.  Wright  is  allied  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  and,  while  ever  active  in  bringing  good 
men  to  the  front  and  in  forwarding  those  measures 
which  are  for  the  general  welfare,  he  has  never  ac- 
cepted office  since  the  county  got  well  under  way. 


JOHN  S.  WOOLERY.  This  enterprising  busi- 
ness man  is  one  of  the  potent  factors  in  the  political 
life  and  development  of  Kootenai  county,  being  at  the 
present  time  managing  a  first-class  livery  and  feed 
business  in  Rathdrum,  while  also  he  is  devoting  con- 
siderable attention  to  buying  and  selling  horses.  He 
\vas  born  in  Matilda,  Ontario,  on  June  3,  1856,  being 
the  son  of  J.  M.  and  Margaret  (Coons)  Woolery,  na- 
tives of  Canada,  where  the  mother  died  in  1862,  being 
buried  in  the  Matilda  cemetery.  The  father  brought 
liis  family  to  Faribault  county,  Minnesota,  in  1864, 
and  there  he  died  in  August,  1901.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  from  the  common  school  in  that 
•county  and  at  sixteen  devoted  his  whole  attention  to 
assisting  his  father  on  the  farm  until  his  majority, 
when  he  went  to  the  Red  River  valley  and  took  a  pre- 
-emption, tilling  the  same  until  1880.  Then  he  took  a 
timber  claim,  and  three  years  later  his  health  failed  and 
lie  sold  and  removed  to  Rice  county,  Minnesota. 
Later  he  went  to  contracting  on  the  Great  Northern 
and  did  well  for  three  years.  He  then  gave  his  atten- 
tion to  buying  and  selling  horses  until  1892,  when  he 
came  to  Rathdrum  and  opened  his  present  livery  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Woolery  has  always  been  successful  in  all 
of  his  business  ventures,  because  of  his  energy  and  sa- 
gacity. In  political  matters  he  has  ever  been  active  and 
his  first  ballot  was  cast  for  R.  B.  Hayes. 

On  November  29,  1881,  Mr.  Woolery  married 
Miss  Katherine,  daughter  of  John  and  Julie  (Bowen) 
Cleland,  natives  of  Canada,  and  to  them  have  been 
born  three  children,  Edna  E.,  deceased:  Alton  L., 
going  to  school;  and  Faetta.  Mr.  Woolery  has  four 
brothers  and  two  sisters,  C.  H.,  farming  in  Marshall 
county,  Minnesota ;  Alpha,  engaged  in  flour  milling  in 
Rice  county,  Minnesota;  Gardner,  farming  in  Fair- 


bault,  Minnesota;  Harris,  there  also;  Mary,  wife  of 
John  Palon,  living  in  Dundas,  Rice  county,  Minnesota; 
Mr.  Woolery  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Panhandle 
Lodge,  No.  13;  also  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  Mrs.  Wool- 
ery is  a  member  of  the  Ladies  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M. 
Mr.  Woolery's  father  was- a  noted  Methodist  preacher, 
having  joined  that  church  when  he  was  sixteen.  He 
studied  for  the  ministry,  was  ordained  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one,  and  preached  continuously  until  his  death. 
He  was  an  exceptionally  gifted  extemporaneous 
speaker,  never  being  known  to  read  his  sermons.  His 
career  was  fraught  with  much  faithful  effort  that 
resulted  in  accomplishment  of  untold  good. 


WARREN  A.  HART.  This  genial  gentleman  is 
proprietor  of  a  large  general  merchandise  establishment 
in  Rathdrum,  where  he  does  a  fine  business,  having  by 
his  close  attention  to  his  business  and  kind  treatment 
of  patrons  established  a  fine  trade  from  the  surround- 
ing country,  being  also  a  man  of  ability  and  upright- 
ness, while  he  has  made  hosts  of  friends  throughout 
the  country. 

Mr.  Hart  was  born  in  Onondaga  county,  New 
York,  on  October  19,  1842,  being  the  son  of  Orren 
and  Clarissa  (Cornwell)  Hart,  natives,  respectively, 
of  New  York  and  Connecticut,  the  mother  being  de- 
scended from  the  Pilgrims  of  the  Mayflower.  They 
were  married  in  New  York,  and  in  1856  moved  to 
Sank  county,  Wisconsin,  and  farmed  there  for  ten 
years,  then  came  to  Olmstead  county,  Minnesota,  and 
tilled  the  soil  there  for  twenty-four  years.  The  father 
died  in  the  winter  of  1891,  at  Pleasant  Valley,  Minne- 
sota, and  was  buried  by  the  Masonic  fraternity,  hav- 
ing been  a  popular  member  of  that  order.  The  mother 
is  still  living,  aged  eighty-two,  at  Alden,  Minnesota. 
Our  subject  was  with  the  parents  in  these  various 
moves  and  he  gained  his  schooling  in  Wayne  county, 
New  York,  and  also  in  Wisconsin,  and  at  the  age 
of  eighteen  years  he  was  stirred  by  the  patriotism  of 
his  loyal  spirit  to  enlist  in  the  Eleventh  Wisconsin 
under  C.  L.  Harris,  where  he  served  his  term  of  three 
years.  Then,  being  honorably  discharged,  he  imme- 
diately re-enlisted  in  the  Ninth  U.  S.  Veterans,  First 
Army  Corps,  Company  C,  under  General  Hancock, 
where  he  served  for  one  year,  being  discharged  as 
sergeant,  and  having  entered  as  private.  He  served 
in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  fought  at  Sabine  cross 
roads,  was  in  many  skirmishes,  and  assisted  to  build 
tke  Red  river  dam  under  General  Banks.  At  Sabina 
cross  roads  the  fight  was  severe.  Out  of  twenty-four 
pieces  of  artillery  they  lost  twenty-two,  and  from 
six  thousand  men  four  thousand  were  captured.  His 
entire  service  was  four  years  and  six  months,  and  he 
saved  seven  hundred  dollars.  Following  the  war,  Mr. 
Hart  went  to  work  as  a  hod  carrier  for  a  year  in 
Minnesota,  then  took  a  homestead  in  Freeborn  county, 
that  state,  and  farmed  for  ten  years,  then  rented  the 
land  and  came  to  Kootenai  county  in  1883.  He 
wrought  as  a  carpenter  for  a  year,  putting  up  his 
present  fine  store  building.  He  "went  into  mercantile 


864 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


pursuits  and  now  his  sagacity  and  industry  have  ac- 
cumulated a  fine  fortune  of  many  thousand  dollars. 
In  addition  to  the  store,  which  is  a  large  and  well 
stocked  one,  Mr.  Hart  has  a  fine  real  estate  holding 
of  seven  farms,  and  he  has  also  started  a  bank,  which 
his  excellent  business  ability  and  financiering  amply 
fit  him  to  operate  in  a  successful  manner.  He  has 
recently  buildtd  a  stone  business  block  adjoing  his 
store,  with  sixty  foot  frontage,  and  this  is  rented.  In 
1890  Mr.  Hart  lost  two  thousand  dollars  in  a  fire. 
He  is  now  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  county  and 
has  well  earned  the  place  by  display  of  sterling  worth. 
The  marriage  of  Mr.  Hart  and  Miss  Arlitta  M. 
Cross  was  solemnized  in  1878,  and  they  have  two 
children,  Helen  A.  and  Clarissa,  both  married.  Mrs. 
Hart  is  a  native  of  New  York ;  her  father  died  when 
she  was  young  and  her  mother  in  1888.  Mr.  Hart 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  73,  in 
Rathdrum,  and  is  noble  grand  at  the  present  time. 
He  also  affiliates  with  the  Masonic  fraternity.  In 
political  matters  Mr.  Hart  is  a  stanch  Republican, 
and  has  been  a  delegate  to  three  state  conventions,  as 
well  as  serving  in  the  county  conventions.  His  daugh- 
ter Helen  was  delegate  to  state  convention  in  1900. 
In  addition  to  all  of  his  arduous  and  manifold  duties 
of  business  and  the  responsibility  of  managing  his 
large  concerns,  Mr.  Hart  is  also  a  man  of  aesthetic 
taste  and  finds  time  to  enjoy  a  fine  gasoline  launch 
that  he  owns  on  Fish  Lake.  This  is  utilized  for  ex- 
cursions, and  he  is  a  gracious  and  popular  host.  The 
boat  is  a  beauty  and  gives  great  pleasure  to  him  and 
his  family. 


SAMUEL  VESSER.  The  excellent  county  of 
Kootenai  contains  many  men  of  true  qualities  of  worth 
who  have  labored  here  to  make  this  a  place  of  beauty 
and  wealth,  and  a  capable  one  among  them  is  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  who  lives  about  seven  and  one-half 
miles  northwest  from  Coeur  d'Alene,  where  he  has  a 
fine  farm  of  two  hunderd  and  forty  acres,  which  he 
operates  together  with  eighty  acres  of  rented  land.  He 
was  born  in  Bath  county,  Kentucky,  on  February  18, 
1862,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Ann  (Wilcox)  Vesser, 
natives  of  Kentucky.  They  came  to  Missouri  in  1880, 
where  they  now  live  farming.  Samuel  was  educated 
in  Clark  county,  Kentucky,  whither  his  parents  had 
gone  after  his  birth,  receiving  most  of  the  training  at 
the  hands  of  his  parents,  at  home.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-five,  he  married  and  started  to  do  for  himself. 
He  rented  a  farm  in  Saline  county,  Missouri,  and  then 
came  west  and  located  in  Kootenai  county.  He  worked 
for  wages  for  eight  months  and  then  went  to  Whitman 
county,  where  he  bought  a  quarter  section  of  railroad 
land.  Six  months  later  he  sold  it  and  returned  to 
Kootenai  county,  working  again  for  the  same  man  he 
did  before.  One  year  later,  he  rented  two  hundred  and 
fifty  acres  of  land,  tilling  it  for  three  years.  Then  he 
took  up  his  present  place,  or  eighty  acres  of  it,  as  a 
homestead  and  bought  a  quarter,  which  gives  him  the 
fine  estate  mentioned  above.  It  requires  twelve  horses 


to  handle  his  land  and  he  lays  it  under  tribute  to  pro- 
duce annually  bountiful  crops. 

In  1887 'Mr.  Vesser 'married  Miss  Marion  B., 
daughter  of  Edwin  and  Jessie  (Reid)  Crockett,  natives 
respectively  of  Maine  and  Scotland.  They  came  west 
to  Missouri  in  1881,  and  in  1891  they  came  to  Koote- 
nai county  where  they  are  now  farming.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Vesser  have  been  born  six  children,  named  as 
follows :  Edwin,  Jessie,  Mary,  Samuel,  Jean  and  John,, 
all  at  home  with  the  parents.  In  political  affairs,  Mr. 
Vesser  is  allied  with  the  Republicans  and  does  good 
work  in  the  campaigns.  He  has  given  of  his  wisdom 
and  time  to  the  school  work  on  the  board  for  six  years. 
Mr.  Vesser  is  a  thorough  convert  to  the  excellencies 
of  the  county  of  Kootenai,  believing  it  to  be  one  of  the 
finest  climates  in  the  United  States,  and  he  intends  to 
make  this  his  home  for  the  balance  of  his  days. 


JOHN  LARSON,  the  popular  and  efficient  post- 
master at  Hope,  is  a  man  of  sterling  worth  and  integ- 
rity and  has  demonstrated  himself  a  man  of  good  busi- 
ness ability,  while  in  his  social  life  he  is  genial,  popular 
and  possessed  of  hosts  of  warm  friends.  He  was  born 
in  southern  Sweden,  on  February  25,  1858,  the  son  of 
Lars  M.  and  Mary  (Peterson)  Johnson,  natives  of 
Sweden,  where  the  father  now  lives.  The  mother  died 
in  1872.  Mr.  Larson  has  one  brother,  Lars  P.,  in  Swe- 
den. Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  his  native  land. 
After  passing  the  public  schools,  he  attended  a  nor- 
mal and  in  1882  came  to  America,  landing  in  Minne- 
sota, where  he  at  once  went  to  railroading.  He  fol- 
lowed this  in  various  places  and  in  all  lines  of  it  from 
the  construction  up,  being  in  Minnesota/  Canada,  Wis- 
consin, Montana  and  other  places  for  many  years. 
1887  marks  the  date  of  his  entering  Montana  and 
there  he  was  in  charge  of  the  boarding  car  for  special 
gangs  on  the  Northern  Pacific  and  in  1892  he  came  to- 
Hope.  Here  Mr.  Larson  gave  his  attention  to  railroad- 
ing and  also  mining  and  prospecting  and  is  one  of  the 
well  known  men  who  have  been  crowned  with  success 
in  his  efforts.  On  October  17,  1900,  Mr.  Larson  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  postmaster  at  Hope,  which 
demonstrates  his  popularity  among,  the  citizens.  Since 
that  time  he  has  given  his  attention  to  the  proper  ful- 
filment of  the  duties  devolving  upon  him  in  this  incum- 
bency and  the  result  has  been  and  is  the  general  satis- 
faction of  all  the  patrons  of  the  office. 

In  1892  Mr.  Larson  married  Miss  Matilda  Ander- 
burg,  a  native  of  Sweden  and  to  them  one  child  has 
been  born,  Ethel  M.,  a  bright  girl.  Mr.  Larson  is  a 
;ember  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  De- 
gree of  Honor  and  is  a  popular  man  in  these  relations- 
He  is  a  Republican  and  his  wife  is  an  ardent  supporter 
of  that  party.  Mr.  Larson  was  brought  up  in  the 
Lutheran  faith  but  is  now  an  adherent  of  the  Congre- 
^ational  church.  Mr.  Larson  and  his  estimable  wife 
are  leading  members  of  society  and  are  well  posted  in 
the  questions  of  the  day  and  manifest  an  intelligent  in- 
terest in  the  welfare  and  progress  of  the  county  and 
state. 


SAMUEL  VESSER. 


JOHN  LARSON. 


MRS.  JOHN  LAKSON. 


BRANSON  M.  ROSS. 


MRS.  BRANSON  M.  ROSS. 


MRS.  PERCY  J.  BENNETT.  PERCY  J.  BENNETT. 


JOHN  FERNAN. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


865 


BRANSON  M.  ROSS.  To  such  men  as  Branson 
Ross,  Kootenai  county  owes  its  present  good  develop- 
ment. He  has  done  a  great  amount  toward  placing  the 
county  in  a  progressive  and  prosperous  state.  Not 
only  does  his  fine  large  farm  show  his  industry  and 
wisdom,  but  the  example  that  he  has  placed  before  his 
fellows  has  stimulated  them  to  extra  effort  and  an  un- 
told amount  of  good  has  been  the  result.  He  does  a 
general  farming  business,  and  doubtless  has  the  finest 
orchard  in  the  county  today.  He  has  been  exception- 
ally successful  in  this  line  because  of  the  care  and  wise 
effort  bestowed. 

Reverting  more  to  the  details  of  his  life,  we  note 
that  Mr.  Ross  was  born  in  Mercer  county,  Ohio,  on 
April  10,  1834,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth 
(Parrott)  Ross,  natives  respectively  of  Tennessee  and 
Ohio.  The  parents  removed  to  Van  Buren  county, 
Iowa,  in  a  very  early  day,  and  thence  to  Mahask'a 
county,  Iowa,  where  the  father  died  in  1843,  being  aged 
fifty-five.  He  was  operating  a  flour  and  saw  milt  and 
a  large  farm  of  several  hundred  acres  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  The  mother  conducted  the  business  until 
the  time  of  her  death  in  1853.  Our  subject  and  two 
sisters  survived.  Branson  M.  had  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  various  places  where 'they  had  lived  and  at 
the  age  of  fourteen  years,  he  started  for  himself.  He 
worked  for  his  board  and  attended  school  and  also 
worked  out  for  wages.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two,  he 
farmed  for  himself  and  when  twenty-six  he  went  to 
Colorado  and  worked  in  the  mines  two  years.  At  the 
time  of  the  Civil  war,  Mr.  Ross  attempted  to  enlist,  but 
as  his  health  was  poor,  he  was  rejected.  After  the 
trip  to  Colorado,  he  returned  to  Iowa,  married  and  set- 
tled down  to  farming  until  1864.  Then  he  removed 
to  Harrison  county,  Missouri,  and  followed  farming 
there  until  1887,  at  which  time  he  came  to  Kootenai 
county,  Idaho.  He  took  a  homestead,  where  he  now 
resides,  two  and  one-half  miles  east  from  Postfalls,  and 
to  use  his  own  words,  "I  built  a  shack  and  tried  to 
make  a  living,  but  the  soil  was  too  dry  and  I  had  to 
work  out."  He  finally  got  some  of  the  land  into  culti- 
vation and  began  to  raise  vegetables  and  then  turned 
his  attention  to  raising  fruit.  He  has  eight  hundred 
peach  trees,  one  hundred  prune  and  plum  trees,  some 
nectarines,  some  apricots,  and  enough  apples  to  make  a 
total  of  thirty-six  hundred  trees  all  told.  His  orchard 
is  a  model  in  every  respect  and  Mr.  Ross  is  to  be  great- 
ly commended  in  working  out  the  fruit  problem  and 
demonstrating  for  the  benefit  of  others  the  advisability 
of  prosecuting  this  great  industry.  His  place  is  known 
as  Peach  Hill,  and  is  a  model  farm.  He  has  increased 
the  acreage  to  nearly  five  hundred  and  has  a  fine 
modern  residence,  good  barns,  all  out  buildings  and 
fences  and  other  accoutrements  needed  on  a  first  class 
farm  and  fruit  ranch.  Mr.  Ross  has  two  hundred  acres 
especially  adapted  to  the  culture  of  fruit.  He  has  also 
considerable  town  property  in  Postfalls,  and  it  is  very 
pleasant  to  note  the  transformation  of  the  wild  home- 
stead with  the  little  shack  to  the  model  farm,  em- 


bellished with  fine  buildings  and  all  comforts  of  a  rural 
abode. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Ross  is  active  and  influential.  He 
cast  a  vote  for  Fremont,  his  first  ballot,  and  since  that 
time  he  has  been  closely  identified  with  the  Republi- 
can party.  He  has  frequently  been  offered  official  po- 
sitions but  constantly  refuses,  wilh  the  exception  of 
school  directors,  where  he  labors  for  the  advancement 
of  educational  facilities. 

In  1862  Mr.  Ross  married  Miss  Susan  A.,  daugh- 
ter of  Steven  and  Mary  (Mann)  Terhune.  The  father 
was  a  local  Methodist  preacher,  but  would  never  accept 
a  circuit.  He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky  and  came  to 
Iowa  in  1851,  to  Missouri  in  1863,  and  to  Kansas  in 
1870,  where  both  he  and  his  wife  died.  To  Mr.  Ross 
and  his  estimable  wife  there  have  been  twelve  chil- 
dren born,  ten  of  whom  are  now  living,  named  as  fol- 
lows :  Stanton  D.  L.,  married  and  living  in  this  county ; 
Emma,  wife  of  Jacob  Rego,  in  Kittitas  county,  Wash- 
ington; Nora,  wife  of  Benjamin  Carder,  in  Union 
county,  Oregon;  Susa,  wife  of  Benjamin  Stockwell, 
in  this  county;  Naomi,  wife  of  Freeman  Luddington, 
in  this  county ;  William,  widower,  in  this  county ;  Osee, 
wife  of  Stephen  Steward,  in  Ellensburg,  Washington ; 
Erne,  wife  of  William  Royce,  in  Rathdrum;  Robert, 
married  to  Rosania  Newsom,  in  Spokane;  Bessie,  at 
home. 


PERCY  J.  BENNETT  is  a  well  known  and  in- 
fluential man  in  Kootenai  county,  having  been  active 
in  political  matters  and  ever  on  the  side  of  improving 
the  affairs  of  government  and  in  upbuilding  the  county 
in  general.  He  is  at  present  and  has  been  for  twelve 
years  in  charge  of  the  section  running  east  from  Athol 
on  the  Northern  Pacific,  while  also  he  owns  a  farm,  a 
part  of  which  he  has  platted  into  town  lots,  at  Athol. 
He  is  active  in  school  matters  and  also  is  a  regular 
delegate  to  the  county  conventions,  where  his  wisdom 
and  good  counsel  are  approved. 

Percy  J.  Bennett  was  born  in  Ashton,  Illinois,  or. 
June  12.  1859,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Harriet 
(Cantelo)  Bennett,  natives  of  England  and  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  respectively.  They  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1856  and  settled  in  Ashton,  Illinois,  remaining  there 
until  1871,  and  leaving  on  the  night  of  the  Chicago  fire 
for  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  In  1879  they  moved  to  Colo- 
rado and  in  1880  they  came  to  Church  Butte,  Utah, 
and  in  1889,  they  came  to  their  present  place  in  Athol. 
The  father  now' has  charge  of  the  section  west  from 
Athol  and  is  about  seventy  years  of  age.  Our  subject 
received  his  education  in  the  various  places  where  the 
family  lived  and  when  he  was  nineteen  he  went  to 
breaking  on  the  railroad.  He  operated  out  of  Trini- 
dad for  three  years,  then  out  of  Chicago  for  one  year 
and  then  Denver,  Colorado,  was  his  headquarters  for 
two  years.  The  next  move  was  to  open  a  store  in  Or- 
chard, where  he  did  well  for  a  period  of  three  years. 
After  that  Mr.  Bennett  freighted  in  the  Rockies  unti! 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1890,  when  he  came  to  Athol  and  since  that  time  he  has 
been  here,  giving  his  attention  to  the  management  of 
the  section  and  also  to  handling  his  farm. 

In  1896  Mr.  Bennett  married  Miss  Mary  E.,  daugh- 
ter of  S.  T.  and  Mary  (Ludwig)  Wilburn,  natives  of 
Maryland  and  Virginia.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ludwig  were 
married  in  Maryland,  then  went  to  West  Virginia,  later 
were  in  Arkansas  and  then  came  to  Colville,  Washing- 
ton, where  they  reside  now.  The  father  is  aged  sixty- 
nine  and  the  mother  fifty-eight.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bennett,  Frank  C.  and 
Louis  J.  Mr.  Bennett  is  a  Democrat  and  active  in  the 
support  of  his  belief.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  Lodge  No.  8388,  at  Athol ;  also  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  Pine  Lodge  No.  75,  at  Athol ;  also  of  the 
K.  of  P.,  Panhandle  Lodge  No.  13,  in  Rathdrum.  while 
Jiis  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs,  Evergreen 
Lodge  No.  51.  They  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
church.  Mr.  Bennett  is  well  respected,  has  displayed 
commendable  wisdom  in  his  affairs  and  is  a  man 
worthy  to  receive  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all. 


JOHN  FERNAN.  This  venerable  and  worthy 
citizen  and  early  pioneer  to  Kootenai  county  is  now  one 
cf  the  respected  citizens  of  Coeur  d'Alene  and  a  man 
in  whom  safely  is  reposed  the  confidence  of  the  people 
and  who  justly  receives  approbation  for  his  worthy 
and  upright  walk  in  this  country,  while  he  is  at  the 
present  time  entrusted  by  the  government  with  the 
oversight  of  the  buildings  in  the  post  at  Coeur  d'Alene. 

Mr.  Fernan  was  born  in  Elkton,  Maryland,  on  May 
15,  1846,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Cruthers) 
Fernan,  natives  also  of  Maryland,  where  they  re- 
mained until  the  time  of  their  death.  John  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools,  and  at  the  tender  age  of 
fifteen,  he  was  found  enlisting  in  Company  G,  Sixth 
Maryland  Volunteer  Infantry,  under  Colonel  J.  C.  Hill. 
His  first  battle  was  at  Winchester,  where  he  was  cap- 
tured and  sent  to  languish  in  Libby  prison.  Later  he 
was  sent  to  Bell  Island  and  after  seven  months  was  ex- 
changed and  sent  to  his  regiment.  The  next  engage- 
ment was  the  awful  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  and 
there  he  was  wounded  and  lay  in  the  hospital  seven 
months.  After  this,  he  again  joined  his  regiment  and 
fought  in  the  final  series  of  battles  that  closed  the  ter- 
rible struggle.  Then  he  was  mustered  out  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  He  straightway  re-enlisted  and  served  in 
the  regular  army  for  ten  years.  During  this  period 
he  came  west  in  1878  with  the  Second  Infantry,  anrl 
in  1880  he  was  honorably  discharged  on  account  of 
disability,  at  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  took  a  homestead  on 
v  hat  was  named  from  him  Fernan  lake,  and  ser  to  make 
a  delightful  abode.  This  was  done  in  a  very  successful 
manner,  for  he  had  one  of  the  most  charming  resi- 
dences in  the  entire  county.  He  had  a  goodly  portion 
under  cultivation,  planted  a  fine  orchard  and  in  Janu- 


ary, 1902,  he  sold  the  entire  property.    Since  that  time, 
he  has  been  living  in  Coeur  d'Alene. 

In  1872  Mr.  Fernan  married  Miss  Mary  Presley. 
Her  parents,  William  and  Mary  (Walker)  Presley, 
were  natives  of  Georgia,  where  they  remained  until 
death,  the  mother  being  buried  at  Atlanta  and  the 
father  sleeps  at  Douglas.  To  our  worthy  subject  and 
his  estimable  wife,  there  have  been  born  seven  chil- 
dren, named  as  follows:  Minnie  E.,  wife  of  George 
Ege,  living  near  Fernan  lake;  John  M.,  in  Wardner; 
Arthur,  Frank  D.,  Kate,  wife  of  F.  B.  Swafford,  in  this 
county;  Jessie,  and  Amy.  Mr.  Fernan  was  appointed 
by  the  commissioners  the  first  sheriff  of  this  county 
but  refused  to  serve.  He  was  elected  the  following 
term.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  McReynolds 
Post,  No.  19.  Mrs.  Fernan  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church  and  assisted  to  organize  the  local 
body  here.  Mr.  Fernan  is  one  of  the  highly  respected 
citizens  of  the  county  and  is  an  influential  and  public 
minded  man. 


WILLIAM  H.  CLELAND.  A  man  of  stirring 
activity,  with  fine  executive  ability  and  practical  in- 
sight into  affairs  of  life,  while  he  is  dominated  by  a 
dauntless  and  upright  spirit,  the  subject  of  this  article 
is  a  man  of  worth  and  good  standing  and  is  emi- 
nently entitled  to  representation  in  his  county's  his- 
tory. William  H.  was  born  in  South  Mountain,  On- 
tario, Canada,  on  October  30,  1853,  being  the  son  of 
John  and  Julia  C.  (Bow  en)  Cleland,  natives  of  Can- 
ada, but  immigrants  to  the  United  States  in  1871, 
where  they  located  in  Rice  county,  Minnesota,  and 
bought  a  farm  of  four  hundred  and  seventy-nine  acres. 
He  '  was  one  of  the  leading  and  prominent  agricul- 
turists of  that  stection.  He  died  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
four  and  is  buried  in  Northfield  cemetery.  The 
mother  died  at  Dundas  in  1901.  Our  subject  was  well 
educated,  and  at  eighteen  quit  school  and  worked 
with  his  father  until  twenty-seven.  Then  he  bought 
a  quarter  section  in  Lyon  county  and  farmed  until 
1883,  when  he  came  to  Spokane.  He  scored  timbers 
for  a  bridge  and  then  went  to  carpentering  for  F. 
Post,  of  Postfalls.  He  assisted  to  build  the  Postfalls 
mill,  freighted  from  there  to  Spokane,  built  a  saw 
mill  for  Mr.  Post,  operated  the  mill  the  next  year, 
and  in  1886  he  went  back  to  visit  his  parents.  The 
next  spring  we  find  him  west  again  driving  a  brewery 
wagon  to  Postfalls  and  Coeur  d'Alene  from  Rath- 
drum.  Three  years  later,  in  1890,  he  went  back  to 
Minnesota  and  'took  charge  of  his  father's  farm,  his 
health  having  failed.  Two  years  were  spent  there 
md  then  he.  settled  the  estate  and  came  west  again, 
eaving  the  mother  and  two  younger  brothers  in  Dun- 
las.  He  came  to  Rathdrum  and  in  1893  opened  a  . 


stable  in  Rathdrum, 
he  buys  and  sells  many  head  of 


hors 


1  appointed  stable  and  furnishes  rigs  of  all  kinds 
safe  and  good  horses,  and  his 


ck. 

rigs  o 
s  busin 


rket,  as 
He  has 


is  been  manifest  in  his  success. 
On  January   i,   1900,  Mr.   Cleland  i 


s  ability 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


867 


Mary  L.  Gill,  daughter  of  John  and  Malinda  Gill, 
natives  of  Tennessee,  but  immigrants  to  Missouri 
and  thence  to  Washington.  The  father  has  passed 
away  but  the  mother  still  lives  in  Rathdrum.  Mr. 
Cleland  was  one  of  seven  brothers  and  five  sisters, 
some  of  whom  are  mentioned:  Elizabeth,  deceased; 
John  G.,  in  Portland,  Oregon;  Kate,  married  to  J. 
S.  Woolery,  in  Rathdrum;  Dave  and  Dan,  twins, 
the  former  living  in  Coeur  d'Alene,  the  latter  in 
Tulare,  California;  Peter,  having  charge  of  the  block 
system  on  the  railroad ;  Charley,  on  a  farm  in  Rice 
county;  Andrean,  on  the  old  homestead  in  Minne- 
sota. Mr.  Cleland  affiliates  with  the  K.  of  P.,  Pan- 
handle Lodge,  No.  13.  and  with  the  Rathbone  Sis- 
ters; also  with  the  M.  W.  of  A.,  No.  6843;  and  the 
F.  O.  A.,  No.  14 ;  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  No.  73.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Episcopalian  church, 
and  Mrs.  Cleland  is  a  member  of  the  R.  N.  of  A. 


JOSEPH  POIRIER.  The  excellent  ability  and 
wisdom  of  this  gentleman,  manifested  in  various  ways, 
which  have  given  him  an  unbounded  success  in  the 
financial  world,  also  his  industry  and  vigorous  prose- 
cution of  business,  will  be  manifested  from  the  ap- 
pended review  of  his  career,  and  it  reflects  great 
credit  upon  him.  He  was  born  in  Sant  Jant  Bap- 
tiste,  Canada,  on  June  8,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Ed- 
ward and  Dorothy  (Wilcott)  Poirier,  natives  of  Can- 
ada, where  the  fa'ther  now  lives.  The  mother  died  in 
1872,  being  buried  in  the  Catholic  cemetery  of  Sant 
Jant  Baptiste.  The  following  are  members,  of  the 
family:  Edward,  John,  Dorothy,  deceased;  Madule. 
Arthur,  Louise,  Albene,  Israel,  'Louis,  Maderise,  Ec- 
tor  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Joseph  grew  to 
manhood  in  his  native  place,  and  his  schooling  was 
scant,  as  he  always  preferred  the  harness  of  manual 
labor  to  study.  He  put  his  time  to  good  use  in 
acquiring  various  mechanical  knowledge,  which  has 
made  him  many  a  dollar  since.  It  was  1876  that  he 
came  to  Alden,  Freeborn  county,  Minnesota,  and  set- 
tled to  farming.  In  Fairbault  county  he  started  a 
blacksmith  shop  in  connection  with  his  farm,  having 
picked  this  trade  up  in  his  youthful  days.  Three 
years  later  he  shipped  from  St.  Paul  to  Bozeman, 
Montana,  the  terminus  of  the  road,  then  unloaded  his 
goods  and  drove  to  Horse  Plains,  and  shipped  thence 
to  Rathdrum.  He  has  been  here  since  that  time  with 
the  exception  of  a  period  when  he  took  a  pre-emption 
in  the  Big  Bend  country,  which  property  he  sold  later. 
In  1884  he  built  a  blacksmith  shop  and  has  conducted 
it  since,  adding  a  plumbing  shop  and  also  doing  a 
general  contracting  business.  He  has  four  hundred 
and  eighty  acres  of  timber  and  agricultural  land, 
owns  thirty  lots  and  seven  dwellings  in  Rathdrum, 
forty  acres  of  land  on  Priest  river,  two  business 
blocks  in  Rathdrum,  and  property  in  Postfalls,  while 
he  is  erecting  an  elegant  brick  residence  at  a  cost  of 
three  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Poirier  is  one  of  the 
wealthiest  men  of  the  city. 

In    1893   he   married   Miss    Eugenie,   daughter   of 


Aleddaugh  and  Amelia  Amom.  natives  of  Canada, 
where  the  mother  lives,  the  father  having  died  many- 
years  since.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Poirier  one  child  has 
been  born,  Romeo,  now  attending  school.  We  also 
note  that  Mr.  Poirier  and  his  wife  each  own  a  share 
in  the  Rathdrum  Water  Power  Company,  valued  at 
one  thousand  dollars  per  share.  He  is  manager,  col- 
lector and  vice  president  of  this  company,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  thorough  and  capable  business  men  of  the 
city.  Mr.  Poirier  is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M., 
and  carries  three  thousand  dollars  in  the  F.  O.  A.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church. 


JOHN  CRENSHAW.  Among  the  leading  men 
of  Rathdrum  is  the  gentleman  of  whom  we  now 
speak,  being  a  real  estate  dealer,  in  which  line  he  has 
manifested  great  activity  and  skill,  buying  and  selling 
for  himself  as  well  as  on  commission,  while  also  he 
handles  a  large  dairy  farm  and  superintends  a  gen- 
eral farming  business. 

Mr.  Crenshaw  was  born  in  Waldron,  Arkansas,  on 
October  23,  18^7,  being  the  son  of  Overton  and  Har- 
riett (Boltenhouse)  Crenshaw,  natives  of  Illinois.  The 
mother  died  in  Lakeport,  California,  being  buried 
there,  and  the  father  is  still  living  in  Arkansas,  aged 
eighty  years.  Our  subject  went  to  California  with 
his  parents  when  six  months  of  age,  and  there  in  the 
common  schools  he  studied,  finishing  his  education  in 
the  Healdsburg  Academy.  He  was  nine  when  his 
mother  died,  and  he  became  self-supporting  at  that 
early  age.  At  eighteen  he  bought  an  outfit  and  freight- 
ed. It  was  in  1879  when  he  came  to  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington, and  one  year  later  left  on  account  of  failure 
of  crops.  He  took  a  timber  claim  in  Washington, 
and  in  1880  he  took  a  homestead  in  the  vicinity  of 
Rathdrum.  Seven  years  he  lived  on  the  homestead 
and  then  sold  it.  He  went  to  Minnesota,  bought  a 
farm,  but  soon  returned  to  Rathdrum.  He  bought  a 
farm  one-half  mile  from  the  town,  which  is  his  family 
home  now.  He  improved  with  good  buildings  and 
added  a  half  section  more,  which  he  sold,  however, 
later.  He  bought  a  section  near  Hauser  anil  sold  it 
in  1902.  He  now  owns  four  lots  in  Spokane,  a  num- 
ber of  lots  in  Postfalls,  with  some  dwellings,  and 
does  a  general  real  estate  business.  He  has  forty  cat- 
tle and  twenty-seven  are  milch  cows.  He  owns 
twenty  acres  south  from  Rathdrum  that  is  being  put 
to  fruit. 

In  1890  Mr.  Crenshaw  married  Miss  Cora,  daugh- 
ter of  Robert  and  Mary  J.  (Hicks)  Borthwick,  na- 
tives, respectively,  of  Prince  Edward  Island  and  Min- 
nesota. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Creshaw  have  been  born 
six  children:  Jesse  H.,  Nellie  H..  Francis  M.,  Robert 
O.,  Herbert  R.  and  Mary  A.  Mr.  Crenshaw  takes 
an  active  part  in  politics,  being  allied  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  and  he  has  been  delegate  to  many  con- 
ventions. 'He  was  nominated  for  county  commis- 
sioner in  1896.  but  as  the  county  is  Republican,  he 
was  beaten,  yet  only  by  sixty  votes.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  H.  T."  A.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Christian  church,  and  his  wife  is  affiliated  with  the 
First  Day  Adventists.  Mr.  Crenshaw  is  interested  in 
mining  in  Montana  and  has  some  excellent  claims 
in  the  Saltese  district,  which  show  fine  values. 


ARTHUR  H.  GRAHAM.  About  three  miles 
southwest  from  Athol  is  situated  the  estate  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  and  he  has  the  generous  proportions 
of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  good  land,  which 
he  is  tilling,  having  sufficient  stock  for  it  and  good 
improvements.  Mr.  Graham  is  a  man  of  energy  and 
industry,  and  one  of  the  enterprising  and  substantial 
citizens  of  Kootenai  county.  He  was  born  in  Craw- 
ford county,  Wisconsin,  on  April  23,  1858,  being  the 
son  of  John  H.  and  Annie  (Dibble)  Graham,  natives, 
respectively,  of  Scotland  and  Ohio.  The  mother  died 
in  Livingston  county,  Michigan,  and  is  buried  in 
Hartland,  while  the  father  is  still  living  in  Ashland, 
Wisconsin,  aged  seventy-two.  Mr.  Graham  has. two 
sisters:  Ella,  widow  of  Willie  Brand,  and  living  in 
Two  Harbors,  Minnesota;  Jennie,  wife  of  Charles 
Rorbach,  living  in  South  Lyons,  Michigan.  Our  sub- 
ject gained  his  schooling  in  the  places  where  the  par- 
ents lived,  and  at  fourteen  started  for  himself.  He 
worked  on  the  farm  in  summers  and  went  to  the  pin- 
eries in  the  winters,  continuing  this  for  six  years. 
In  1878  he  came  to  Colorado,  Arizona,  New  Mexico, 
old  Mexico,  and  mined,  and  then  returned  to  the 
mines  of  Wisconsin  on  Lake  Superior.  It  was  1888 
when  he  came  to  Kootenai  and  wrought  in  the  tie 
camp  for  a  time  and  then  took  a  homestead,  where 
he  now  lives,  having  added  more  by  purchase. 

In  1890  Mr.  Graham  married  Miss  Laura,  daugh- 
ter of  Milo  Farnsworth,  a  native  of  Scotland.  The 
mother  died  in  Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico,  in  1875,  but 
the  father  still  lives  here,  having  been  an  immigrant  in 
1855.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Graham  have  been  born  five 
children:  Charles  H.,  Laura  G.,  Frank  E.,  Arthur, 
and  Florence  M.  Mr.  Graham  affiliates  with  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  Pine  Lodge,  No.  75;  with  the  Rebekahs, 
Evergreen  Lodge,  No.  51;  and  with  the  M.  W.  of 
A.,  Athol  Camp,  No.  8388.  Mrs.  Graham  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Rebekahs. 


LOUIS  E.  EILERT.  The  career  of  this  well 
known  citizen  has  been  active,  enterprising,  and  pro- 
ductive of  a  fine  fortune,  which  he  is  enjoying  and 
handling  now  in  a  becoming  manner.  He  is  proprietor 
of  a  retail  liquor  store  and  carries  a  good  stock  of 
choice  wines  and  tobaccos,  while  he  also  devotes  much 
attention  to  mining,  having  properties  in  Buffalo 
Hump  and  in  the  Saltese  and  Hayden  lake  districts, 
and  then  he  finds  time  to  attend  to  a  large  hay  farm, 
besides  other  business. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  on 
April  5,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Ernest  and  Mary 
Eilert,  both  natives  of  Germany.  They  came  to 


America  on  the  ship  Great  Eastern  in  1852.  and  set- 
tled in  Waukasha  county,  Wisconsin.  The  mother 
died  at  sea,  but  the  father  died  in  1886,  and  is  buried 
in  Waukesha  cemetery,  Wisconsin.  Our  sub- 
ject had  but  three  months'  schooling  in  his  life, 
half  in  the  English  and  half  in  the  German. 
He  assisted  his  father  on  the  farm  until  fifteen  and 
then  went  to  work  for  himself,  going  to  San  Fran- 
visco,  via  the  Isthmus,  and  thence  to  Nevada,  where 
he  worked  in  a  quartz  mill  for  four  years.  Then  he 
went  to  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  and  mined  for  two 
years,  after  which  we  find  him  making  timbers  in  the 
redwood  forests  of  Califonrnia.  It  was  1880  that 
he  came  to  Spokane  and  thence  soon  to  Rathdrum, 
where  he  built  a  store  and  hotel,  which  he  operated 
for  two  years,  and  then  lost  the  entire  property  by 
the  pressure  of  the  hard  times,  but  he  had  the  satis- 
faction of  paying  every  dollar  that  he  owed  in  the 
world.  Then  he  took  a  homestead,  which  he  sold  two 
years  later.  His  next  move  was  to  build  in  Rathdrum, 
and  start  his  present  business,  wherein  he  has  con- 
tinued with  success  since  that  time.  His  farm  con- 
sists of  one-quarter  section  and  a  half  interest  in  two 
hundred  acres.  In  1889  Mr.  Eilert  took  a  trip  to 
Nome  and  remained  for  four  months  prospecting,  and 
as  he  did  not  discover  anything  that  was  valuable, 
he  returned.  The  trip  was  attended  with  much  hard- 
ship, but  also  it  was  enjoyable  to  so  rugged  and  ad- 
venturous a  person  as  our  subject. 

In  1882  Mr.  Eilert  married  Miss  Abby  Brad- 
berg,  a  native  of  Canada.  Politically  Mr.  Eilert  is 
allied  with  the  Democratic  party  and  is  active.  He  is 
a  member^  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  of  the  F.  O.  A.,  and  a 
popular  man  of  good  standing. 


LYMAN  F.  MARKHAM  is  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  in  Kootenai  county  and  has  constantly  striven 
for  its  advancement  and  development  since  those  early 
days,  being  a  man  of  energy,  enterprise,  and  execu- 
tive force,  while  the  keen  wisdom,  uprightness,  and 
sound  principles,  which  have  dominated  him  in  his 
career,  are  of  the  highest  order,  and  he  stands  today 
one  of  the  foremost  men  in  that  portion  of  the  county 
where  he  is  domiciled. 

Lyman  F.  Markham  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
Illinois,  on  August  9,  1845.  being  the  son  of  Simon  S. 
and  Cynthia  (Fry)  Markham,  natives  of  Ohio  and 
New  York  respectively.  They  crossed  the  plains  in 
1848  to  Albany,  Oregon,  and  there  remained  for  twenty 
years.  A  move  was  then  made  to  Washington  and 
later  they  repaired  to  Forest  Grove,  where  the  father 
died  in  1899,  aged  eighty  years.  The  mother,  who  is 
in  her  eightieth  year,  is  still  living  there.  Our  subject 
remembers  a  birthday  anniversary  he  had  while  cross- 
ing the  plain,  also  remembers  the  herd  of  buffalo  which 
they  encountered  and  Joe  Meek,  who  was  on  his  way  to 
Washington,  as  representative  from  Oregon.  Lyman 
F.  was  educated  in  Albany,  remained  with  his  father 
until  twenty-one,  then  farmed  for  a  couple  of  years,  af- 


LYMAN  F.  MARKHAM. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


869 


ter  which  he  went  to  Gray's  Harbor  and  taught  school 
for  a  term.  Next  we  see  him  in  the- stock  business, 
which  he  successfully  followed  for  a  decade  and  in 
1880  Mr.  Markham  came  to  Kootenai  county.  He 
settled  on  unsurveyed  land  and  for  two  years  traded 
with  the  Indians  and  then  opened  his  present  place, 
which  lies  about  one  mile  east  from  Laclede.  The 
place  is  provided  with  fine  barn,  house,  orchard,  and  all 
other  improvements  that  could  be  suggested  for  the 
benefit  of  the  estate,  and  Mr.  Markham  cuts  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  tons  of  hay  annually,  handles  about 
one  hundred  head  of  cattle  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
men  in  the  stock  industry  in  this  section.  For  four- 
teen years  he  was  postmaster  and  only  resigned  when 
Laclede  started  up.  He  has  been  committeeman  in  his 
precinct  since  its  organization  and  has  also  served  on 
the  school  board  since  the  district  opened  up. 

On  August  4,  1901,  Mr.  Markham  married  Lucy 
].,  daughter  of  Elias  B.  and  Nancy  J.  Edwards,  who 
settled  in  Indiana  in  early  days  and  died  in  1891.  Mr. 
Markham  is  a  stanch  Jeffersonian  Democrat  and  a  man 
with  the  courage  of  his  convictions  and  the  ability  to 
propound  the  principles  which  he  holds.  Mr.  Mark- 
ham  is  a  charter  member  of  the  F.  A.  at  Priest  River, 
Court  No.  18.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  church  and  are  highly  respected  people  of 
real  worth  of  character,  while  they  have  hosts  of  friends 
in  every  section. 


SIMON  BECK.  To  this  skilled  and  expert  me- 
chanic and  well  known  and  popular  citizen  and  suc- 
cessful business  man,  whose  life  is  one  of  virtue  and 
sound  principles,  we  are  constrained  to  grant  consid- 
eration among  the  other  pioneers  of  Kootenai  county, 
since  he  has  wrought  for  the  advancement  and  up- 
building of  the  counntry  with  a  firm  hand  and  mani- 
festation of  wisdom  that  won  for  him  the  approba- 
tion of  the  people  and  a  generous  competence  for  him- 
self. Mr.  Beck  was  born  in  Bellefonte,  Pennsylvania, 
on  August  2,  1850,  being  the  son  of  Wilson  and  Mary 
M.  (Snyder)  Beck,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
father  died  in  1897,  and  is  buried  in  Centre  county, 
Pennsylvania,  but  the  mother  is  still  living.  Simo'n 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  took  up  the  millwright  trade,  finishing  the 
same  in  two  years.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  took  up 
the  blacksmith  and  wagon  makers  trades  and  learned 
them  perfectly,  thus  accomplishing  a  fine  showing 
in  the  mechanical  line.  He  then  started  a  shop  for 
himself,  continuing  the  same  for  one  and  one-half  years, 
after  which  he  rented  for  one  year  and  he  and  his 
brother  bought  his  uncle's  shop. '  After  two  years  we 
find  him  in  northern  Michigan,  where  he  worked  a 
short  time  carpentering,  then  did  blacksmithing.  The 
next  move  was  to  Grant  county,  Wisconsin,  where 
he  operated  a  blacksmith  shop  for  one  year,  after  which 
he  worked  in  a  repair  shop  and  also  started  one  of 
his  own  for  a  time.  Then  Mr.  Beck  came  to  Rathdrum 
opened  a  shop  and  two  years  later  he  built  a  large 
shop,  where  he  is  doing  business  at  the  present  time. 
In  addition  to  this,  he  does  plumbing  and  also  oper- 


ates a  first-class  undertaking  establishment.  He  has 
the  only  hearse  in  the  county,  one  that  he  made  with 
his  own  hands,  and  it  is  a  fine  piece  of  workmanship. 
Mr.  Beck  is  doing  a  large  business  and  he  manifests 
commendable  wisdom  in  overseeing  it  and  carrying  it 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Beck  and  Miss  Mary  E., 
daughter  of  Ephraim  and  Hanna  Boger,  was  solemn- 
ized in  1874.  Mr.  Boger  was  killed  thirty-five  years 
since,  but  Mrs.  Boger  lives  in  Pennsylvania.  '  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Beck  have  become  the  parents  of  seven  chil- 
dren, four  of  whom  are  still  living,  Arthur,  married 
to  Martha  Marte,  living  at  Priest  River,  Idaho  :  Rufus 
S. ;  Iva  M.,  wife  of  John  Sheffield,  living  in  Rathdrum  ; 
Lola  E.,  single,  at  home.  Mr.  Beck  is  affiliated  with 
the  M.  W.  A.,  K.  O.  T.  M.,  and  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Advent  church.  In  1898 
Mr.  Beck  was  elected  mayor  of  Rathdrum  on  the  Re- 
publican ticket  against  W.  A.  Hart,  and  in  1900  he  was 
reelected  against  M.  D.  Wright,  Democrat,  by  a  large 
majority.  He  has  given  a  good  administration  and  is 
very  popular  with  the  people  because  of  his  faithful- 
ness, his  uprightness,  his  sound  principles  and  imparti- 
ality. 


CHARLES  W.  WOOD  is  among  the  very  earliest 
pioneers  of  this  country  and  surely  one  of  the  most 
worthy  ones,  having  manifested  in  a  long  life  of  pion- 
eer experiences,  hardiness,  energy,  uprightness,  cour- 
age and  marked  ability  in  all  his  relations,  and  dis- 
playing calmness,  fortitude  and  true  grit  in  all  scenes 
of  danger,  not  a  few  of  which  have  beset  his  stirring 
career.  In  addition  to  this  general  outline,  we  wish 
to  more  particularly  detail  his  interesting  life  and  we 
note  that  Charles  W.  was  born  on  May  14,  1843,  in 
Ogdensburg,  New  York,  being  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Hanna  Wood,  both  natives  of  Ireland,  which  ac- 
counts for  the  stirring  spirit  of  our  subject.  The  par- 
ents migrated  to  New  York,  met  in  that  state  and 
were  married  and  in  1849  came  to  Illinois.  The  mother 
died  shortly  after  this  and  the  father  in  1866,  both 
buried  at  Lighthouse,  Ogle  county,  Illinois.  Charles 
W.  received  his  education  in  Ogle  county  before  he 
was  thirteen  years  of  age.  Then  he  went  to  Omaha 
with  V.  W.  Parker  and  at  once  was  engaged  on  the 
stage  route  to  Salt  Lake  City,  called  then  the  overland 
route.  He  worked  three  years  and  then  drove  for  ten 
years,  on  ail  parts  of  the  line,  being  an  expert  and  vig- 
orous yet  careful  hand  in  the  business.  In  1868  he 
drove  stage  in  Montana,  continuing  the  same  until 
1871.  Then  he  came  to  Walla  Walla  and  took  a  po- 
sition on  the  pony  express  to  Missoula,  having,  how- 
ever, spent  one  winter  in  Spokane,  where  the  C.  and 
C.  Mill  now  stands.  He  continued  on  the  pony  express 
until  1875  and  then  bought  horses  and  sheep  on  the 
Touchet  river  in  Washington.  In  1876  Mr.  Wood 
brought  sheep  to  the  Spokane  valley  and  bought  a 
farm  where  Rathdrum  now  stands.  He  had  also  horses. 
Mr.  Wood  platted  the  land  and  sold  to  the  citizens 
and  still  has  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  adjoining 
the  city.  He  handled  stock  on  a  large  scale  for  a  long 


8;o 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


time  but  is  at  present  retired  from  this  and  gives  his 
attention  to  the  management  of  his  estates.  He  has 
also  a  blacksmith  shop  in  Rathdrum  which  he  rents 
and  also  has  considerable  other  property,  and  recently 
sold  his  livery  barn  to  W.  M.  Cleland.  He  also  does 
a  draying  business  with  the  farming. 

In  1873  Mr.  Wood  married  Miss  Mary  K.,  daugh- 
ter of  Fredrick  and  Margret  Post,  natives  of  Ger- 
many. Mr.  Post  built  the  first  mill  in  Spokane 
and  is  well  known  all  through  this  country,  being  a 
man  of  prominence.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood  were 
born  three  children,  May,  deceased;  James  M.,  now 
working  in  Postfalls  :  Eva,  deceased.  James  M. 
was  the  first  white  child  born  in  Kootenai  county.  Mrs. 
Wood  died  in  February,  1881,  and  is  buried  in  the 
Postfalls  cemetery.  Mr.  Wood  is  a  member  of  the 
F.  O.  A.,  Court  No.  14,  of  Rathdrum.  He  still  lives 
on  the  old  home  place  where  his  son  was  born  and  he 
is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  brilliant  success  that  he 
has  achieved  and  the  prestige  won  by  his  faithful  en- 
deavors and  uprightness  and  no  one  can  say  that  Mr. 
Wood  ever  dealt  with  him  in  anything  but  an  honest 
and  upright  manner. 


ROBERT  C.  BORTHWICK.  This  enterprising 
farmer  and  worthy  citizen  of  Kootenai  county  lives 
two  and  one-half  miles  south  from  Rathdrum  where 
he  has  a  fine  rural  home  and  a  valuable  estate,  while 
personally  he  is  a  man  of  good  standing  among  his 
fellows  and  worthy  of  the  confidence  reposed  in  him. 
He  was  born  in  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  June  22, 
1832,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Catherine  (Glover) 
Borthwick,  natives  of  Scotland  who  came  to  Prince 
Edward  Island  when  they  were  young  and  there  lived 
until  their  death,  being  buried  at  Bedque.  The  father 
was  a  miller.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native 
place  and  his  mother  died  when  he  was  nine  and  his 
father  when  he  was  eleven.  Then  he  went  to  live  with 
a  friend  of  the  father.  Two  years  later  he  started  for 
himself,  learning  the  wagon  maker  trade.  After  one 
year  at  it,  he  quit,  not  liking  the  business  and  went  to 
work  on  a  farm  at~eight  dollars  per  month.  Then  he 
went  to  Minnesota  and  lumbered  for  five  or  six  years 
then  bought  a  farm  in  1857,  which  he  tilled  for  seven 
years.  In  1862  he  volunteered  to  fight  the  Indians  in 
the  Sioux  war  in  Minnesota,  and  in  1864  he  stepped 
forward  and  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Eleventh  Minnes- 
ota, under  General  Thomas.  He  served  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  about  one  year  or  more,  doing  guard  duty 
most  of  the  time.  Being  honorably  discharged,  he  re- 
turned to  his  home  and  sold  the  farm  and  bought 
another  in  Wright  county,  where  he  remained  until 
1888.  Then  he  came  to  Kootenai,  having  one  son 
here,  and  rented  a  place  for  one  year.  He  returned  to 
Minnesota  and  sold  his  farm  and  then  moved  to  this 
county  and  purchased  the  farm  where  he  now  lives.  He 
has  fine  buildings  and  one  and  one-half  acres  into  or- 
chard. In  Minnesota,  Mr.  Borthwick  held  the  office 
of  town  supervisor  and  town  treasurer  for  a  number 
of  years.  He  is  a  Jeffersonian  Democrat,  and  active 
in  politics. 


In  1862  Mr.  Borthwick  married  Miss  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  Harvey  and  Salley  J.  (Ellenwopd)  Hicks, 
natives  of  Vermont  and  New'  York,  respectively.  The 
mother  died  in  Minnesota  and  the  father  in  Rathdrum. 
His  remains  were  taken  to  Otsega,  Minnesota,  where 
they  were  buried  beside  his  wife.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Borthwick  there  have  been  born  eight  children,  four 
of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  Harvey  J.,  married 
to  Edith  J.  Green,  in  Rathdrum ;  Cora  J.,  wife  of  John 
Crenshaw  in  Rathdrum  ;  William  R.,  with  his  parents ; 
Annie,  wife  of  Benjamin  S.  Wood,  in  Rathdrum.  Mr. 
Borthwick  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Lawton  Post, 
No.  29,  of  Rathdrum,  and  also  of  the  W.  R.  C.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  A.  C.  church. 


AMEL  ULBRIGHT.  The  excellent  qualities  of 
this  stirring  business  man  have  made  themselves  felt  in 
all  the  lines  in  which  he  has  operated  and  he  has  demon- 
strated that  he  is  capable  of  manipulating  the  resources 
of  the  country  in  a  successful  manner  and  although 
the  fiend  of  flames  has  destroyed  at  times  much  of  his 
holdings,  he  immediately  set  to  work  with  renewed 
vigor  and  has  accomplished  much  in  again  placing 
himself  in  a  leading  position. 

Mr.  Ulbright  is  a  native  of  Saxony,  Germany, 
being  born  on  February  13,  1858,  the  son  of  Ernest  and 
Mary  (Annstore)  Ulbright,  also  natives  of  Saxony. 
In  1869  they  came  to  America  and  in  1892  the  father 
came  to  Spokane,  and  in  1895  the  mother  followed  and 
they  live  now  in  Kootenai  county.  Amel  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  of  Germany  and  also  in  Ameri- 
ca and  remained  with  his  father  until  twenty-two  years 
of  age.  Then  he  came  west  and  after  four  years  of 
labor  took  a  homestead,  built  fine  buildings,  a  barn, 
outbuildings,  and  a  three  thousand  dollar  house,  bought 
another  quarter  adjoining  and  platted  it  into  five  and 
ten  acre  tracts  and  then  sold.  He  had  previously  sold 
portions  of  the  tracts.  He  then  went  to  the  vicinity 
of  Hauser,  seven  miles  west  from  Rathdrum  and  there 
bought  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land.  He 
erected  a  saw  mill,  bought  land  at  different  times  until 
he  now  owns  the  magnificent  domain  of  twelve  hun- 
dred acres  of  land,  a  good  saw  mill,  fine  buildings, 
and  all  the  improvements  that  are  needed  both  on 
an  agricultural  as  well  as  timber  tract.  He  has  sawed 
over  three  hundred  thousand  feet  of  lumber  and  con- 
stantly employs  a  force  of  hands.  Mr.  Ulbright  has 
a  fine  orchard  with  every  variety  of  fruit  represented 
that  will  successfully  grow  in  this  latitude.  He  has  a 
band  of  stock  in  addition  to  all  of  his  other  interests. 

In  1886  Mr.  Ulbright  married  Miss  Mary  H., 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  Bauer,  natives  of 
the  boundary  between  France  and  Germany.  In  1874 
they  came  to  America,  locating  in  Wisconsin,  then 
made  their  way  to  Kansas  and  in  1882  came  to  Koot- 
enai county,  where  they  now  live.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Ulbright  four  children  have  been  born,  Amelia,  going 
to  school  in  Spokane;  Amel  A.,  Anna  A.,  and  Elsie, 
at  home.  Politically,  Mr.  Ulbright  is  allied  with  the 
Populists  and  served  in  the  county  convention  in  1896 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


871 


and  in  1900,  while  he  has  frequently  been  director  in 
the  school  district.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P., 
Rathdrum  Lodge,  No.  13,  and  also  of  the  F.  O.  A., 
Rathdrum  Court,  No.  14.  Mr.  Ulbright  has  made 
a  commendable  record  as  a  business  man  and  has  suc- 
cessfully acquired  property  which  renders  him  one 
of  the  prominent  and  substantial  men  of  the  county, 
being  respected  by  all. 


HENRY  VIEBROCK.  The  industry,  energy, 
tenacity  of  purpose  and  integrity  of  this  well  known 
young  agriculturist  of  Kootenai  county  are  very  com- 
mendable and  have  given  him  an  enviable  standing 
among  his  fellows,  being  classed  as  one  of  the  most 
reliable  and  substantial  of  our  population.  He  was 
born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  on  December  5,  1867.  be- 
ing the  son  of  Thevies  and  Anna  Viebrock,  natives 
also  of  Germany,  where  they  are  now  farming  and  keep- 
ing a  hotel.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native 
place  and  then  made  some  personal  research  on  his  own 
account  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  came  to  America. 
He  settled  in  Polk  county,  Wisconsin,  and  worked  for 
wages  for  three  and  one-half  years,  then  went  to  Mis- 
souri and  one  year  later  came  to  Ritzville,  Washington, 
then  to  Spokane,  where  he  put  in  three  years  in  making 
brick.  Next  we  see  him  in  Kootneai  county,  where 
he  labored  for  four  years  and  then  bought  one'hundred 
and  sixty  acres  of  land.  He  has  broken  and  cleared 
half  of  this  and  is  handling  five  hundred  acres  of  well 
cultivated  land  besides,  which  he  rents  from  a  neigh- 
bor. He  raises  as  much  as  eight  thousand  bushels  of 
grain  and  over  one  hundred  tons  of  hay  annually,  mak- 
ing his  farm  a  profitable  venture.  He  is  breaking  fifty 
acres  more  of  his  own  land  and  is  improving  his  place 
is  a  good  manner.  Mr.  Viebrock  is  one  of  the  leading 
agriculturists  of  the  county,  having  demonstrated  his 
ability  to  handle  very  successfully  the  large  bodies  of 
land  that  annually  return  to  him  excellent  dividends 
as  reward  for  his  skill  and  industry.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  of  P.,  Panhandle  Lodge,  No.  13,  and  also 
of  the  F.  O.  A.,  No.  14.  He  also  affiliates  with  the 
German  Lutheran  church  and  is  a  man  of  a  high  sense 
of  honor  and  maintains  an  untarnished  reputation. 


WILLIAM  D.  RINEHART.  Enterprising,  in- 
dustrious, possessed  of  the  happy  qualities  that  make 
a  genial  and  successful  business  man,  stanch  and  up- 
right, the  gentleman,  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this 
sketch  deserves  to  be  prominently  represented  in  the 
history  of  his  county.  He  was  born  in  Steuben  county. 
New  York,  on  June  8,  1845,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Liddie  (Zemmer)  Rinehart,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  came  to  Minnesota  in  1854,  settling  "in 
Goodhue  countv,  where  they  remained  until  the  time 
of  their  death,  the  mother  passing  away  in  1861  and  the 
father  in  1863.  They  are  buried  in  Pine  Island.  Min- 
nesota. Our  subject  was  educated  in  New  York  and 
in  Minnesota  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  enlisted  in 
Company  H,  Eighth  Minnesota,  under  Captain  George 


B.  McCoy.  He  went  on  an  expedition  to  quiet  the 
Indians  then  returned  to  Fort  Snelling  and  went  south 
to  Murfreesboro,  where  he  fought  in  the  battle  of 
that  place,  also  fought  in  the  battle  of  Gold- 
boro,  then  went  to  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  thence 
to  City  Point,  then  to  Chesapeake  bay  and  was  hon- 
orably discharged  on  June  15,  1865,  having  made  a 
very  creditable  military  record.  He  returned  to  Min- 
nesota and  farmed  there  until  1880,  then  went  to 
Wilmot,  South  Dakota,  and  farmed  for  eight  years, 
then  in  1888  he  came  to  Kootenai  county.  He  worked 
for  one  year  and  then  bought  forty  acres  of  railroad 
land  and  in  1893  bought  a  quarter  adjoining.  He 
built  a  fine  house  in  1899  and  a  commodious  barn  in 
1900  and  he  has  his  place  well  improved  and  excellently 
tilled.  Mr.  Rinehart  has  threshed  for  twenty-seven 
years  and  now  his  sons  are  taking  up  that  business 
and  also  saw  milling. 

On  April  18,  1865.  Mr.  Rinehart  married  Miss 
Emeline,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  (Ander- 
son) Smith,  natives  of  Ohio,  who  came  to  Dakota 
in  1880  and  to  Kootenai  county  in  1901  where  they 
now  live.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rinehart  there  have  been 
born  fifteen  children,  the  following  named  ones  still 
living:  Ernest;  Isabel,  wife  of  H.  E.  Thompson,  liv- 
ing in  Raleigh,  North  Carolina :  M.  E. ;  Eva,  wife  of 
Charles  MacDonald,  in  Rathdrum;  Myrtle,  Ida, 
Gertrude,  Lila,  Roy,  Ethel,  Vivian.  Mr.  Rinehart  is 
one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county,  is  well  and 
favorably  known  and  his  friends  are  numbered  from 
among  all  classes  and  he  enjoys  the  confidence  of  all. 


JOSEPH  W.  HANDY.  This  gentleman  is  one 
who  has  done  much  work  to  promote  the  advancement 
'and  the  development  of  Kootenai  county,  taking  out 
of  the  primitive  forests  much  of  their  wealth  and  pre- 
paring the  virgin  soil  to  produce  abundant  crops.  He 
resides  at  the  present  time  three  miles  east  from  Rath- 
drum  where  he  has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of 
land  all  fenced,  with  good  buildings  and  productive 
of  abundant  crops.  He  owned  a  homestead  at  first, 
which  he  improved  in  good  shape  and  then  sold,  pur- 
chasing a  farm  on  rim  rock,  which  he  also  sold  after 
improving  it  in  good  shape  and  then  bought  his  pres- 
ent home,  in  the  meantime  keeping  up  a  constant  labor 
in  the  forests,  producing  timbers,  ties,  wood  and  saw- 
logs. 

Speaking  more  particularly  of  the  domestic  chap- 
ter in  Mr.  Handy's  life,  we  note  that  he  was  born  in 
Gentry  county,  Missouri,  on  January  n,  1850.  being 
the  son  of  John  W.  and  Alzada  A.  (Redford)  Handy, 
natives  respectively  of  Illinois  and  Wisconsin.  They 
removed  to  Missouri  in  an  early  day  and  in  1849  the 
father  went  to  California  and  made  a  fine  fortune  and 
then  lost  the  same  on  an  investment.  He  tusseled  with 
the  fates  there  until  1871  then  returned  to  his  family 
and  died  five  years  later  in  Gentry  county,  Missouri, 
where  the  mother  died  in  1898.  Our  subject  received 
but  scant  opportunity  to  gain  an  education ;  however 
he  improved  what  he  had  until  fourteen  and  then 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


started  the  battle  of  life  for  himself.  He  did  various 
kinds  of  work  and  contracted  until  1889,  when  he 
came  to  Kootenai  county  and  allied  himself  with  its 
development  as  stated  above.  Mr.  Handy  has  always 
been  an  industrious  man  and  has  done  a  lion's  share 
in  the  hard  labor  incident  to  the  development  of  the 
county. 

In  1876  Mr.  Handy  married  Miss  Margaret  F., 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  A.  (Ross)  Shaffer,  natives 
of  Vermont  and  Ohio,  respectively,  who  removed  to 
Gentry  county,  Missouri,  where  they  both  are  buried 
in  the  same  cemetery.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Handy  there 
have  been  born  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing, as  follows:  John  M.,  married  to  Arena  Vels, 
and  living  at  Fish  lake,  Idaho ;  Joseph  H.,  with  par- 
ents; Cora  D.,  wife  of  James  Morris,  living  on  the 
rim  rock :  Rosa  A.,  Maud  M.,  Zilla,  Gertie  A.,  Dora 
A.,  Richard.  Arthur  W.,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Handy  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Rathdrum  Lodge,  No. 
73,  and  is  a  good  solid  Republican. 


WALTER  R.  TOWLE  is  a  venerable  and  highly 
respected  citizen  of  Kootenai  county,  living  about  one- 
half  mile  east  from  Kootenai,  where  he  has  a  good 
home,  a  fine  orchard  and  does  a  general  gardening 
business.  He  is  a  man  of  substantial  qualities  and  of  a 
stanch  character,  possessing  many  virtues  and  dis- 
playing integrity,  uprightness,  and  wisdom. 

"Walter  R.  Towle  was  born  in  Rochester,  Vermont. 
on  February  23,  1832.  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and 
Lucinda  (Washburn)  Towle,  natives  of  New  Hamp- 
shire and  of  Vermont,  respectively.  They  came  to 
Iowa  in  1869,  locating  in  Sac  county,  where  they  were 
farmers  until  their  death,  the  father's  being  in  1890. 
and  the  mother  departing  this  scene  in  1896.  They 
•were  the  parents  of  seven  children,  Truman,  Ezra, 
Walter  R.,  our  subject,  Hannah,  Harry,  Percis  and 
William  W.  Walter  received  a  good  schooling  in  his 
native  place  and  remained  with  his  father  until  he 
reached  his  majority.  Then  he  worked  out  a  year  and 
the  desire  to  see  the  west  and  try  his  fortune  in  the 
golden  sands  of  California  led  him  to  take  the  trip, 
via  the  Isthmus  to  San  Francisco,  where  he  landed  on 
February  4,  1854.  He  mined  until  1862  and  then  en- 
listed in  Company  G,  Fourth  Regiment  of  Volunteer 
Infantry,  under  Colonel  Foreman  and  Captain  Grant. 
They  went  to  southern  California  and  thence  to  Ari- 
zona, in  which  place  they  fought  the  Indians.  He 
served  in  the  United  States  army  fifty-two  months, 
being  discharged  in  1862,  when  "he  made  a  visit  to 
Vermont.  Six  months  later  he  went  to  Iowa  and 
farmed  until  1878,  then  went  to  Stafford  county,  Kan- 
sas, where  he  was  numbered  with  the  industrious  agri- 
culturists until  1898.  In  that  year  he  sold  out  and  came 
to  his  present  place.  He  built  a  fine  house,  as  well  as 
other  buildings  and  has  forty  acres  in  garden  stuff  and 
farm  products.  He  also  has  some  stock.  Mr.  Towle 
is  a  well-to-do  citizen  of  this  county  and  a  good  sub- 
stantial man. 

In   1867  Mr.  Towle  married  Frances  E.  Taylor, 


widow  of  Levi  W.  Taylor,  and  daughter  of  Joseph 
Stott,  a  native  of  England.  Six  children  have  been 
born  to  this  happy  union,  'named  as  follows :  Edwin 
S.,  with  parents ;  Harry,  deceased ;  Nettie,  wife  of  W. 
N.  Shawver,  living  in  Kansas ;  Minnie,  wife  of  John 
Mawhirter,  in  Kansas ;  Chapin,  with  his  parents,  and  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ;  Lillian,  wife  of  Arthur 
Shawver,  in  Kansas.  Mr.  Towle  is  a  stanch  Republi- 
can, having  served  a  term  in  Stafford  county,  Kansas, 
as  chairman  of  the  Republican  county  central  com- 
mittee, and  has  held  offices  of  justice  of  the  peace, 
trusteeship  on  the  school  board,  and  road  overseer. 
His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Latter  Day  Saint's  church. 
Mr.  Towle  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this  section 
and  is  looked  up  to  by  all. 


THOMAS  J.  LEMON.  The  subject  of  this  re- 
view is  a  veritable  pioneer  of  the  pioneers  and  one 
whose  worthy  labors  have  done  much  for  the  develop- 
ment of  Kootenai  county,  having  been  within  its  pre- 
cincts for  over  twenty-two  years.  How  much  credit 
should  be  granted  to  such  as  blaze  the  way  and  endure 
the  hardships  and  perform  the  labors  so  that  their 
fellows  may  come  and  make  homes  and  populate  the 
country.  It  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  permitted  to 
give  an  epitome  of  the  career  of  this  estimable  gentle- 
man. 

Thomas  J.  Lemon  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
Indiana,  on  June  25,  1850,  being  the  son  of  W.  W.  and 
Mary  E.  (Pickel)  Lemon,  natives  of  Vermont,  but 
immigrants  to  Indiana  in  a  very  early  day.  They  came 
to  Monroe  county  in  1843  and  there  lived  until  their 
death,  the  mother's  occurring  in  1855  ar>d  the  father 
passing  away  in  1862.  They  were  the  parents  of  four 
daughters  and  three  sons,  named  as  follows :  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  A.  Smallwood,  in  Lawrence.  Indiana; 
Laura  J.,  wife  of  M.  E.  Driscol.  in  Bedford,  Indiana ; 
Catherine,  wife  of  A.  J.  Jones,  in  Vermilion  county, 
Illinois  ;  Millie,  deceased  ;  Lucinda,  deceased  ;  John  A., 
in  Santa  Cruz  county,  California;  Jones,  deceased. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  at  the 
tender  age  of  twelve  years  started  in  life  for  himself. 
He  worked  on  a  farm  for  twelve  years  and  then  went 
to  railroading,  which  he  followed  three  and  one-half 
years.  Then  he  came  west  to  Clarke  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  thence  to  eastern  Washington  with  Wheaton's 
army  in  1877.  He  was  at  Spokane  during  the  peace 
commission  and  then  settled  on  a  piece  of  unsurveyed 
land  near  Cheney,  from  which  he  afterwards  removed, 
coming  to  Kootenai  county  in  1880.  He  took  a  con- 
tract for  making  ties  for  the  Northern  Pacific,  then  fol- 
lowed hunting  and  trapping  for  twelve  years.  Then 
came  another  tie  contract  from  M.  D.  Wright  this  time 
and  in  1899  he  settled  on  his  present  place,  about  eight 
miles  northeast  from  Granite.  He  has  a  good  place 
with  about  eighty  acres  of  natural  meadow  and  he  is 
now  devoting  his  attention  to  doing  farming  and  rais- 
ing some  stock.  Mr.  Lemon  has  the  respect  and  con- 
fidence of  all  and  stands  exceptionally  well  among  the 
residents  of  this  vicinity. 


WALTER  R.  TOWLE. 


THOMAS  J.  LEMON. 


WESTOL  H.  SLUYTER. 


WILLIAM  EHLERT.  MRS.  WILLIAM  EHLERT. 


MRS.  ALFRED  BOYER. 


ALFRED  BOYER. 


ALPHONZO   A.  GREEN 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


8/3 


WESTOL  H.  SLUYTER.  This  venerable  pio- 
neer of  Kootenai  county  is  now  living  about  one  mile 
west  from  Granite,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the  stock 
business.  He  is  a  man  of  sterling  integrity  and  worth 
and  has  always  manifested  these  qualities  in  his  walk. 

Westol  H.  Sluyter  was  bom  in  Oakland  county, 
Michigan,  on  March  29,  1830,  being  the  son  of  Walter 
and  Nancy  Sluyter,  natives' of  New  York,  but  pioneers 
of  Michigan,  where  they  remained  until  the  time  of 
their  death.  Our  subject  grew  up  in  his  native  land, 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty-five.  Then 
he  inaugarated  independent  action  and  wrought  in 
the  agricultural  art  in  Michigan  until  he  was  forty 
years  of  age.  Then  he  went  to  St.  Croix,  Wisconsin, 
and  farmed  for  fourteen  years.  It  was  in  1888,  when 
he  pulled  up  stakes  in  that  place  and  came  with  his 
family  to  his  present  location  in  Kootenai  county. 
He  operated  in  the  timber  business  for  three  years  or  so 
and  then  took  up  raising  stock.  This  has  been  his 
occupation,  with  general  farming,  since  that  time  and 
he  has  a  good  herd  of  thirty  head. 

In  1855  Mr.  Sluyter  married  Miss  Welsy  A., 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Jane  Bams,  who  settled 
in  Michigan  in  early  days  and  remained  there  until 
their  death.  Mrs.  Sluyter  is  a  native  of  New  York. 
She  died  in  Michigan  December  16,  1868.  She  was 
the  mother  of  four  girls,  all  living  in  the  country. 


WILLIAM  EHLERT.  This  esteemed  citizen  and 
well  respected  man.  whose  industry,  integrity,  and  up- 
right walk  have  given  him  the  esteem  and  confidence 
of  the  people,  is  a  man  of  great  experience  in  the  ways 
of  the  world  and  has  traveled  to  all  parts  of  the  globe. 

William  Ehlert  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Stral- 
sund,  Germany,  on  September  g,  1858,  and  before  he 
was  eighteen,  had  attended  school  seven  years.  At 
the  age  last  mentioned,  he  embarked  on  the  Prussis,  a 
man  of  war,  and  for  four  years  was  steadily  drilled  in 
all  the  ways  of  a  sailor,  gunner,  and  other  departments 
en  such  a  vessel.  He  drilled  with  Prince  Henry  for 
two  years,  and  went  with  him  around  the  earth.  They 
started  from  Kiehl,  thence  to  Plymouth,  South  Africa', 
Madiera,  Capetown,  passed  through  the  straits  of  Ma- 
gellan and  was  also  at  St.  Helena  at  the  time  Napoleon's 
remains  were  taken  to  France,  visited  Honolulu,  Aca- 
pulco,  St.  Vincent.'  Valparaiso,  also  the  capital  of 
Brazil,  Yokohoma,  Siberia,  thence  again  to  Yokohoma, 
experiencing  a  cyclone  on  this  last  trip.  Then  to 
Nagasaki,  various  islands,  Singapore,  to  south  Africa 
again  and  so  on  to  their  native  land.  They  started  out 
in  October,  1878,  and  returned  in  October,  1880.  The 
trip  was  a  hard  one  as  is  seen  by  the  fact  that  when  he 
started  he  weighed  one  hundred  and  seventy-five 
pounds  and  when  he  returned  he  weighed  ninety-four 
pounds.  He  sailed  some  further  and  in  the  fall  of 
1881,  returned  to  his  native  place.  At  that  time  prep- 
aration was  being  made  for  war  and  as  he  desired  to 
escape  further  military  service  he  came  to  New  York. 


Thence  he  came  to  Lansing,  Illinois,  and  later  to 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  he  learned  the  plow  mak- 
ing trade  and  assisted  to  make  plows  for  one  of  the 
world  expositions.  He  traveled  to  various  sections  of 
the  east  and  then  went  to  Chelsey,  Wisconsin,  where 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Adelgunde  Goltz,  on  December 
6,  1887.  After  this  they  removed  to  North  Dakota 
and  in  1891  to  Salem,  Oregon.  They  traveled  to  Cali- 
fornia, thence  to  Salem  again  and  in  the  spring  of  1898 
they  went  to  Sitka  and  other  parts  of  Alaska  where  Mr. 
Ehlert  mined.  Returning  to  Washington,  he  came  to 
his  present  place,  one  and  one-half  miles  east  from 
Lane  and  took  a  homestead,  eighty  acres  of  which  are 
good  meadow  land.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  this  marriage,  Arthur,  aged  fourteen,  Emma,  aged 
twelve,  Martha,  aged  nine.  He  is  now  prospecting 
for  quartz  gold  in  his  own  place  and  has  fine  prospects. 


ALFRED  BOYER  is  the  present  incumbent  in 
the  postoffice  at  Kootenai,  where  he  has  served  with  ac- 
ceptability and  faithfullness  since  the  office  was  estab- 
lished. He  is  a  man  of  intelligence  and  stability  and 
has  won  many  friends  in  all  parts  where  he  is  ac- 
quainted. 

Alfred  Boyer  was  born  in  Scioto  county,  Ohio,  on 
April  i,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Wesley  and  Elizabeth 
(McNalley)  Boyer,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio, 
respectively.  They  were  married  in  Scioto  county, 
and  there  the  father  conducted  a  charcoal  business 
until  1880,  then  followed  farming  until  his  death  in 
1899.  The  mother  died  in  January,  1902.  They  were 
the  parents  of  nine  children  :  David,  deceased  ;  Alfred, 
the  subject  of  this  article :  Calfernia,  wife  of  John 
Dressier,  in  Ohio;  Addie  B.,  wife  of  Jeff  Haney,  in 
Portsmouth,  Ohio;  Ida,  deceased;  John,  in  Kootenai 
county ;  Frank,  in  Lawrence  county,  Ohio ;  Alex,  living 
in  Scioto  county,  Ohio.  Our  subject  attended  school 
in  the  winter  and  labored  with  his  father  until  he  was 
twenty-three  years  old.  Then  starting  for  himself 
he  engaged  with  a  farmer  for  three  years,  after  which 
he  spent  eight  years  in  railroading.  It  was  1889  that 
he  made  his  way  into  the  Sandpoint  region,  being  a 
pioneer  here.  He  worked  a  year  at  tie  making  and 
shingle  manufacture  and  in  '1892  took  his  present 
homestead.  He  has  a  good  orchard  and  a  portion  of 
the  farm  under  cultivation.  In  1895  the  postoffice  was 
established  and  Mr.  Boyer  was  selected  as  postmaster, 

On  November  25,  1881,  Mr.  Boyer  married  Miss 
Ella,  daughter  of  David  and  Martha  Haney,  natives 
of  Ohio.  The  father  conducted  a  boiler  shop  there 
until  his  death  in  1881.  The  mother  still  lives  in 
Ironton,  Ohio,  being  seventy  years  of  age  and  healthy 
and  hearty.  Mr.  Boyer  and  his  estimable  wife  are  the 
parents  of  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are  living,  as 
follows:  Grace  V..  Roberta,  Charles  A..  George  W., 
Charlotte  I.  and  Lester.  Mr.  Boyer  is  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  Sandpoint  Lodge,  Xo.  59,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs.  They  both 


874 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


are  devout  members  of  the  Baptist  church  and  are 
exemplary  and  upright  people,  being  held  in  high  re- 
spect and  esteem  by  all. 


ALPHONZO  A.  GREEN.  A  worthy  pioneer  of 
Kootenai  county,  whose  sturdy  and  arduous  labors 
have  done  much  to  open  the  wilderness  of  this  coun- 
try, and  now  one  of  the  prosperous  and  substantial 
citizens,  we  are  pleased  to  grant  him  consideration 
in  the  volume  of  Kootenai's  history. 

Alphonzo  A.  Green  was  born  in  Allegany  county, 
New  York,  on  December  14,  1851,  being  the  son  of 
Harlen  C.  and  Sarah  A.  (Barnes)  Green,  natives  of 
New  York.  They  located  in  Lucas  county,  Ohio,  in 
1857,  and  ten  years  later  removed  to  Shiawassee  county, 
Michigan,  and  thence  to  the  northern  part  of  the  state, 
where  the  father  died  in  1885  and  the  mother  in  1899. 
Five  children  were  born  to  this  worthy  couple,  Sylvia 
P.,  Mortimer,  Harvey  E.,  Marion  N.,  and  the  subject 
of  this  article.  Our  subject  received  his  education  in 
Shiawassee  county  and  when  seventeen  he  started  to  do 
for  himself.  He  followed  the  woods  for  seven  years 
and  then  wrought  in  the  lumber  trade  for  E.  B.  Ward 
until  1886,  the  year  in  which  he  came  thence  to  Wis- 
consin. Two  years  were  spent  in  that  state  and  then 
Mr.  Green  came  to  Kootenai  county.  A  couple  of 
years  later  he  returned  to  Wisconsin  and  after  four 
years  in  that  section  he  returned  to  Kootenai  county, 
and  this  has  been  his  home  since  that  time.  Contract 
work  in  the  timber  has  occupied  Mr.  Green  much  of  the 
time  since  then.  In  1898  he  purchased  a  quarter  sec- 
tion and  then  took  a  homestead,  which  gives  him  a  half 
section  in  his  home  place,  six  miles  north  from  Granite, 
where  we  find  Mr.  Green  at  this  time.  He  does  general 
farming,  raises  hay  and  stock  and  also  does  timber 
work. 

On  May  4,  1873.  Mr.  Green  married  Miss  Nancy 
L.,  daughter  of  Jacob  Clark,  a  native  of  Michigan, 
where  he  died  in  1896.  In  1883  Mr.  Green  was  called 
on  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  beloved  wife.  She  left 
two  children,  James  A.,  married  and  living  in  Granite ; 
Alva  N.,  living  at  home.  Mr.  Green  is  a  Republican 
of  the  true  blue  stripe  and  is  always  found  in  the  cam- 
paigns for  the  principles  which  he  supports,  active  and 
intelligent  in  debate  and  setting  forth  the  questions  of 
the  day  with  vigor  and  convincing  weight. 


CHRISTEN  JENSEN  lives  about  one  mile  north- 
west from  Hauser,  where  he  has  a  fine  farm  and  does 
a  general  farming  business  in  addition  to  gardening, 
while  also  he  handles  successfully  a  summer  resort, 
having  a  fine  supply  of  boats  for  that  purpose.  He  is 
a  man  of  excellent  standing,  capable  and  enterprising, 
and  of  a  public  spirit  that  has  always  led  him  to  be 
in  the  front  in  any  measures  for  the  general  wel- 
fare. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Juland,  Denmark,  on 
June  27,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Jens  and  Christina 


(Hansen)  Christsen,  natives  also  of  Denmark  where 
the  mother  died  in  1864  and  the  father  still  lives.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  in  1877 
he  came  to  America,  locating  in  Brown  county,  Wis- 
consin. He  cut  wood,  made  ties  and  then  went  to 
Neenah,  thence  to  Stevens  Point,  and  later  to  Chicago. 
He  had  served  as  coachman  some  previous  to  this  last 
trip  and  there  did  that  work  for  six  years.  In  1888 
he  came  to  Kootenai  county,  made  ties,  then  took  a 
homestead  where  he  now  lives.  He  has  improved  the 
place  in  a  fine  manner,  does  a  large  gardening  business, 
disposing  of  his  products  in  Rathdrum  and  Coeur 
d'Alene.  He  has  also  a  band  of  fifteen  cattle  and 
other  stock. 

In  1882  Mr.  Jensen  married  Miss  Lina  Hansen, 
daughter  of  Hans  Jorgensen  and  Nellie  Peterson,  na- 
tives of  Denmark.  "The  father  died  several  years  since, 
but  the  mother  still  lives  in  Fyn,  Denmark.  Five  • 
children  have  been  born  to  our  subject  and  hi£  esti- 
mable wife,  James  C.,  Harry  A.,  Berty,  Erving  R., 
and  Mita  Christina,  deceased.  Mr.  Jensen  has  been 
a  member  of  the  school  board  for  many  terms  and  is 
now  clerk.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  O.  A.,  Rathdrum 
Court,  No.  14.  He  is  a  man  of  reliability  and  has 
demonstrated  his  faithfulness,  his  sagacity  and  his  up- 
rightness in  all  of  his  ways. 

Mr.  Jensen  has  recently  built  a  commodious  dwell- 
ing with  rooms  for  the  accommodation  of  tourists  to 
the  beautiful  lake  where  he  resides. 


WILLIAM  BASLINGTON  is  a  pioneer  of  the 
region  embraced  in  Kootenai  county,  and  a  man  who 
has  displayed  the  commendable  qualities  of  worth  and 
wisdom  in  all  his  ways,  while  the  crowning  of  his 
labors  by  a  good  property  holding  is  just  as  he  has 
wrought  with  assiduity  and  thrift  for  many  years. 
William  was  born  in  Whittlesey,  England,  on  August 
22,  1846,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Ann  (Hardy) 
Baslington,  natives  of  England,  but  immigrants  to  the 
United  States  in  1865.  They  located  in  Goodhue  county, 
Minnesota,  where  the  father  died  in  1892,  being  seventy- 
seven  years  of  age,  and  the  mother  passed  away  in 
1901,  aged  seventy-eight,  both  being  buried  in  Pine 
Island,  Minnesota.'  William  was  educated  in  England 
and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  quit  school  and  labored  until 
eighteen  and  then  enlisted  in  the  English  army.  He 
went  in  as  private  and  came  out  nine  years  later  as 
sergeant.  He  was  obliged  to  pay  fourteen  pounds  to 
gain  his  release  to  come  to  America.  He  came  direct 
to  Goodhue  county,  Minnesota,  where  his  parents  were, 
then  worked  a  year  and  went  to  California.  One  year 
later  he  was  in  Waitsburg,  Washington,  in  1876,  he 
next  came  to  Rockford  and  in  1878  he  entered  the 
wilds  of  Kootneai  county,  or  what  is  now  Kootenai 
county.  He  worked  at  lumbering  for  a  time,  then 
squatted  on  his  present  fertile  farm.  He  toiled  to 
bring  it  from  the  wildness  of  nature  and  has  an  ex- 
cellent estate.  The  amount  of  labor  necessary  to  bring 
a  wild  tract  to  a  fertile  farm,  well  appointed,  laid  out 
in  good  shape  and  properly  improved  is  far  more 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


than  one  will  imagine,  unless  that  one  has  had 
experience.  Mr.  Baslington  has  done  a  good  work. 
He  does  a  general  farming  business,  handles  stock,  and 
is  a  leading  citizen. 

In  1896  Mr.  Baslington  married  Miss  Ann  Beck. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  O.  A.,  Rathdrum  Court,  No. 
14,  and  also  of  the  Episcopalian  church.  He  is  a  man 
who  commands  the  respect  and  has  won  the  confidence 
of  all  with  whom  he  has  to  do. 


CHRIST  NELSON  is  one  of  the  younger  men 
of  industry  in  Kootenai  county,  living  on  a  good  farm 
three  miles  north  from  Hauser,  where  he  has  a  con- 
fortable  family  residence,  commodious  barns  and  all 
out  buildings  needed,  while  his  land  is  productive  of 
excellent  returns.  Mr.  Nelson  was  born  in  Waupaca 
county,  Wisconsin,  on  May  21,  1873,  being  the  son 
of  Lars  Nelson,  a  native  of  Denmark  who  came  to  the 
United  States  in  the  'fifties  and  fought  the  battles  of 
the  Union  in  the  Civil  war  with  distinction  to  himself. 
Christ  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  at  the 
age  of  sturdy  boyhood  started  for  himself  and  in  1889 
we  find  him  in  Deep  Creek,  Washington.  He  labored 
there  for  two  years,  then  came  to  Kootenai,  locating 
his  present  farm.  It  was  in  1898  that  he  erected  a  fine 
barn,  house  and  all  buildings  needed  and  is  numbered 
with  the  thrifty  and  substantial  agriculturists  of  the 
county. 

In  1898  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Nelson  and 
Miss  Dora  White,  a  daughter  of  Nicholas  White.  Po- 
litically, we  note  that  Mr.  Nelson  is  allied  with  the 
Republicans  and  he  is  active  in  that  realm,  ever  exert- 
ing his  influence  for  the  right  principles  and  the  best 
men.  Mr.  Nelson  has  one  brother,  Peter,  living  in 
Wisconsin,  and  one  sister,  Fanny,  married  to  George 
Huffcutt,  also  living  in  Wisconsin. 


DANIEL  W.  PEARCE.  If  to  the  industrious 
and  thrifty  laborers  of  our  land  should  come  a  due 
reward,  then  there  should  be  granted  by  reason  of 
right  this  boon  to  the  subject  of  this  article,  for  he 
has  manifested  in  Kootenai  county  worthy  labor  and 
energy,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  accord  him 
representation  in  this  volume,  as  he  is  also  a  man  of 
integrity  and  »  substantial  property  owner. 

Daniel  W.  was  born  in  Sullivan  county,  Missouri, 
on  September  9,  1848,  being  the  son  of  John  .and  Mar- 
tha (King)  Pearce,  natives  of  Kentucky,  but  emigrants 
to  Sonoma  county,  California,  in  1856.  The  father's 
death  occurred  in' Clarke  county,  Washington,  in  1875 
and  is  buried  there.  The  mother  died  in  1889,  in  Dayton, 
Washington.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  various 
places  where  the  family  lived.  The  parents  came  from 
California  to  Dayton,  Oregon.  In  1864  they  removed 
to  Linn  county  and  in  1871  came  thence  to  Dayton, 
Washington,  also  they  lived  in  Whitman  county  some. 
They  farmed  most  of  their  lives.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
two,  Daniel  W.  went  to  Crook  county  and  took  up 


stock  raising.  Fourteen  years  were  spent  there  and 
then  he  came  to  Whitman  county,  took  a  homestead 
and  bought  a  half  section  of  land  from  the  railroad. 
He  farmed  there  for  about  fourteen  years  and  then 
came  to  Kootenai  county  and  bought  two  hundred  and 
seventy  acres  of  land  about  two  miles  northwest  from 
Hauser,  which  is  the  family  home  now.  He  devotes 
his  attention  to  general  farming,  raising  stock  and 
lumbering,  and  is  doing  well,  being  a  hard  laboring 
citizen. 

In  1887  Mr.  Pearce  married  Miss  Mary  M.  Cisco, 
and  they  have  six  children,  all  at  home,  'and  named 
as  follows :  John,  Rena,  Ina  M.,  Hugh,  May  and  Etta. 
Mr.  W.  W.  Cisco,  father  of  Mrs.  Pearce,  married  Miss 
Mary  J.  Stevens,  both  natives  of  Missouri,  and. they 


lately  came  to  Kootenai  county,  where  they  dwell  now. 
Mr.  Pearce  is  well  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him  and 
stands  well.  He  is  allied  with  the  Democratic  party 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  politics.  He  has  held  the 
office  of  justice  of  the  peace,  road  supervisor,  deputy 
assessor,  and  is  now  on  the  school  board,  in  all  of 
which  public  service  he  has  manifested  faithfulness 
and  efficiency. 


JOSEPH  A.  BAUER.  This  gentleman  has  dem- 
onstrated that  he  is  a  capable  American  citizen,  a  good 
business  man,  a  genial  and  accommodating  neighbor, 
a  loyal  friend,  and  a  worthy  associate  and  promoter 
of  the  cause  of  advancement  and  the  development  of 
the  country.  He  was  born  in  Berlin,  Germany,  on 
January  17,  1845,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Elenor 
(Lacock)  Bauer,  natives  of  Germany  and  France,  re- 
spectively. The  father  died  in  Berlin,  and  the  mother 
in  the  the  province  of  Luckenberg,  but  both  are  buried 
in  Belgium.  Our  subject  received  a  good  education 
in  Sedan,  France,  where  the  parents  lived  for  a  time 
and  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  quit  school  and  went  to 
learning  the  trades  of  wagonmaking  and  blacksmithing. 
Four  years  later  he  went  to  Belgium,  became  a  citi- 
zen and  labored  from  1863  to  1872,  then  had  sufficient 
money  to  come  to  America.  He  settled  in  Greenbay. 
Wisconsin,  went  into  business  in  his  trade  and  one 
year  later  went  to  Kansas.  He  bought  a  team  and 
wagon  and  came  acress  the  plains,  taking  three  years 
for  the  trip.  He  landed  in  Mission,  Idaho,  in  1878,  and 
prospected  for  a  year  and  six  months,  then  went  to 
work  for  F.  Post"  in  Postfalls.  -He  labored  for  this 
man  for  six  months  and  then  labored  for  others  for 
several  years,  or  until  March,  1883.  He  then  located 
on  a  quarter  section  where  he  now  lives,  three  miles 
north  from  Hauser.  He  began  at  once  to  raise  hay 
and  to  clear  his  land  from  timber.  He  has  steadily 
pursued  his  way,  making  a  great  success  of  his  labors, 
because  of  his  skill,  thrift  and  industry,  with  wise 
management.  He  has  one  of  the  finest,  if  not  the 
finest  house  in  this  section  of  the  country,  a  good  barn, 
all  out  buildings  necessary,  and  in  addition  to  handling 
one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  in  cultivation  he  raises 
considerable  stock.  Mr.  Bauer  sells  about  ten  head 
of  market  stock  each  year,  sixty  tons  of  hay,  and  has 


876 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  good  orchard  and  in  every  respect  maintains  a  valu- 
able and  good  dividend  producing  place. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Bauer  and  Miss  Katherine, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Ernestey  (Servey)  Gofine, 
natives  of  Belgium,  where  they  remained  until  the 
time  of  their  death,  was  solemnized  on  May  6,  1867, 
and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  four  children, 
Louise,  wife  of  Louis  Helby,  living  in  Spokane  county, 
Washington ;  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Amel  Ulbright,  of  this 
county;  Joseph,  married  to  Katherine  Eisenhauer,  of 
this  county;  Francis,  married  to  Mary  Eisenhauer,  in 
this  county.  Mr.  Bauer  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace  in  1885  by  unanimous  vote  and  served  with  ac- 
ceptability. Being  offered  a  second  term,  he  refused. 
He  served  on  the  school  board  for  many  years.  Po- 
litically he  is  a  social  Democrat.  Mr.  Bauer  is  affiliated 
with  the  leading  labor  organizations  and  with  the  F. 
O.  A.,  Rathdrum  Court,  No.  14.  Mr.  Bauer  is  an 
md  capable  man,  ever  striving  for  the  good  of 
imunity,  and  has  done  a  worthy  part  in  the 


the 


labor  he  has  performed  i 


i  its  precincts. 


ADAM  HAWTHORNE.  Among  the  very  first 
to  locate  in  the  section  of  the  country  now  known  as 
Naples,  Kcotenai  county,  our  subject  has  the  distinc- 
tion of  being  a  true  pioneer  and  his  faithful  labors  have 
always  been  for  the  upbuilding  and  improvement  of 
the  country  while  he  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  and  lead- 
ing farmers  and  stockmen  located  in  these  regions. 

Adam  Hawthorne  was  born  in  Lockport,  New 
York,  on  February  27,  1830,  being  the  son  of  Adam 
and  Elizabeth  (McMollon)  Hawthorne,  natives  of 
Scotland  The  father  of  our  subject  had  married  a 
lady  contrary  to  her  parents'  wishes  and  therefore  he 
came  to  America  in  1822,  and  his  wife  followed  him 
the  next  year.  Not  knowing  that  she  was  coming  so 
soon,  Mr.  Hawthorne  had  gone  to  Quebec  to  make 
arrangements  to  meet  her  when  she  did  come  and  there 
they  happily  met  by  accident.  They  lived  in  Maryland, 
in  New  York,  and  finally  died  in  Port  Hope,  Canada 
The  father  was  a  blacksmith.  Two  uncles  of  our  sub- 
ject on  his  mother's  side  were  owners  of  vessels  that 
did  a  silk  trade  with  the  Indias.  Adam  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  when  fourteen  went  to  rid- 
ing with  a  circus.  He  rode  for  the  noted  Dan  Rice, 
and  also  for  Barnum,  being  seven  years  with  the 
former  and  also  some  time  with  North  &  Orton,  and 
in  all  these  years  he  was  known  as  one  of  the  best 
bareback  riders  in  the  ring.  In  1858  Mr.  Hawthorne 
went  to  buying  grain  for  a  Chicago  firm  and  in  the  time 
of  the  war  he  was  purchasing  agent  for  the  govern- 
ment, handling  mules  mostly.  One  item  we  would 
mention  in  the  circus  career  of  Mr.  Hawthorne  was 
that  in  1855,  he  had  his  skull  fractured,  but  he  held  to 
the  ring  for  three  years  after  that.  After  the  war  he 
went  to  Michigan  and  remained  until  1888,  when  he 
came  to  his  present  location  about  one  mile  west  of 
Naples,  where  he  has  a  fine  farm,  one  hundred  and 
twenty  acres  of  which  are  devoted  to  hay. 

In    1862    Mr.    Hawthorne    married'   Miss    Jane, 


daughter  of  William  and  Sarah  Bemrose,  natives  of 
Lincolnshire,  England.  Mrs.  Hawthorne  was  brought 
to  America  when  six  years  of  age  by  her  parents.  The 
father  died  in  England,  having  returned  there,  and  the 
mother  died  in  Michigan.  To  our  subject  and  his 
wife  there  have  been  born  two  children,  Wilber  A., 
a  timber  inspector  on  the  Northern  Pacific ;  Sarah  J.. 
both  living  with  their  parents.  Politically,  Mr.  Haw- 
thorne is  a  Democrat  and  is  active  in  local  matters.  His' 
people  were  all  adherents  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 


JOHN  DUNLAP.  This  gentleman  is  one  of  the 
early  settlers  in  Kootenai  county  and  he  had  previously 
been  a  pioneer  to  Colusa  county,  California,  where  he 
had  experienced  all  the  hardships  and  arduous  labors 
incident  to  that  life,  in  all  of  which  he  has  demonstrated 
his  ability  and  integrity. 

Mr.  Dunlap  was  born  in  Medina  countv,  Ohio,  on 
April  6,  1843,  being  the  son  of  William  "and  Nancy 
Dunlap,  natives  of  Ireland  and  Scotland,  respectively. 
The  mother  died  in  Medina  county  when  John  ' 
nine  years  of  age,  and  the  father  was  killed  in  a  r 
away.  Our  subject  attended  school  until  1860,  then 
went  via  Panama  to  San  Francisco  and  went  at  c 
to  the  mines.  He  was  successful  from  the  start  and  in- 
vested his  money  wisely  and  continued  there  for 
twelve  years  in  Colusa  county.  He  was  elected  county 
commissioner  of  that  county  when  he  was  between 
twenty  and  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  mined  n 
of  the  time  and  also  worked  at  the  carpenter  trade. 
In  1880  he  came  to  this  county  and  labored  at  his 
trade  for  four  years,  then  he  took  a  preemption,  which 
was  his  home  for  three  years  when  he  sold  it  and 
worked  at  his  trade  for  four  years  more,  then  he  squat- 
ted on  a  quarter  and  later  sold  his  right  and  came 
where  he  now  lives,  four  miles  northeast  from  Hauser. 
He  has  eighty  acres  and  raises  hay  and  vegetables, 
producing  from  thirty  to  forty  tons  of  the  fon 
and  many  of  the  latter  annually. 

In  1868  Mr.  Dunlap  married  Miss  Mary  Woodruff, 
who  died  in  1879.  Mr.  Dunlap  is  allied  with  the  Re- 
publicans in  politics  and  takes  the  part  of  the  intelli- 
gent citizen  in  the  affairs  of  the  county  and  state. 


ERNEST  P.  ULBRIGHT.  One  «f  the  neat  and 
attractive  homes  in  the  vicinity  of  Hauser  is  owr 
by  the  gentleman  whose  name  appears  above,  and  he 
also  has  there,  immediately  north  of  the  town,  an  es- 
tate of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land.  He  does!; 
a  general  farming  business,  handles  some  stock,  and 
sells  many  cars  of  wood  each  year.  Ernest  P.  was  born 
in  Saxony,  Germany,  in  December.  1861,  being  the 
son  of  Ernest  G.  and  Mollie  (Arnstorf)  Ulbright, 
natives  of  that  country,  also.  They  came  to  America 
in  1869,  locating  in  Missouri.  The  parents  now  live 
in  Idaho.  Our  subject  received  but  little  opportunity 
to  gain  education  and  so  sought  it  for  himself  person- 
ally by  reading  and  careful  observation.  He  worked 


ADAM  HAWTHORNE. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


for  his  father  until  twenty-two  years  of  age  and  then 
went  to  work  out  for  wages.  It  was  1888  that  he  came 
to  Kootenai  county  and  soon  squatted  on  a  piece  of 

;  land.  Later  he  abandoned  that  and  settled  on  eighty 
acres  of  his  present  estate,  then  he  purchased  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres  from  the  railroad  company.  He 

•  has  a  fine  home,  good  barn,  an  orchard  of  one  hundred 
bearing  trees  and  some  stock.  In  addition  to  his  farm 
labor,  he  does  considerable  carpenter  work,  having 

'  mastered  that  trade.     Mr.  Ulbright  has  four  brothers 

'•    and  three  sisters,  named  as  follows:     Lena,  wife  of 

I  F.  Enlers,  living  on  Moran  prairie,  in  Spokane  county, 
Washington;  Amel,  married  to  Mary  Bauer,  in  this 

|  county;  Hugo,  in  Missouri;  Otto,  married  to  Miss 
Johnson,  living  in  Spokane  county ;  France,  married 

j  to  Lina  Watson,  living  in  Missouri;  Selma,  wife  of 
Toe  Coffman,  living  in  New  York ;  Lina,  wife  of  Tom 

\  Watson,  living  in  Missouri.  Mr.  Ulbright  takes  an 
active  part  in  politics  and  is  allied  with  the  Republi- 
cans. He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


GUSTAVE  W.  NICOLAI.  The  valuable  estate 
I  of  this  worthy  gentleman  consists  of  a  fine  meadow 
I  farm,  two  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Rathdrum, 
•  to  which  he  gives  his  personal  oversight,  while  he  is 

giving  his  attention  to  this  latter  principally.  He  has 
a  fine  home,  which  cost  him,  in  1890,  three  thousand 
five  hundred  dollars,  since  which  time  he  has  added 

I  much  improvement,  having  fine  buildings,  good  or- 
chards and  having  put  in  a  ditch  to  drain  the  meadows. 
Reverting  to  the  personal  history  of  our  subject, 

I  we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Holstein,  Germany,  on 

I  April  9,  1852,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Margaret 
(Closence)  Nicolai,  also  natives  of  Germany.  They 

I  came  to  America  in  1865,  located  in  Ohio  and  fol- 
lowed farming.  Later  they  went  to  Indiana  and 
farmed  there  until  their  death.  The  father  died  at 
sixty-three  and  the  mother  at  eighty-nine.  Gustave 
received  some  schooling  in  Germany  but  finished  his 
education  in  this  country,  in  Cincinnati.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  went  to  learn  the  bricklayer's  trade  and 
wrought  steadily  at  it  for  six  years,  giving  his  entire 
earnings  to  his  parents.  Then  he  went  to  work  for 
himself,  being  twenty-three  years  of  age.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-five  he  married  and  in  1878  began  to 
contract  in  building.  He  followed  it  steadily  and  came 
west  in  1889,  doing  business  in  Spokane  for  one  year. 
Then  he  came  to  Rathdrum  and  purchased  his  present 
home  place,  one  of  the  finest  of  the  kind  in  that 

The'  marriage  of  Mr.  Nicolai  and  Miss  Amelia, 
daughter  of  Henry  and  Adelide  (Hunnica)  Brink- 
man,  natives  of  Germany,  was  solemnized  in  1877  and 
they  have  been  blessed  by  the  advent  of  six  shildren : 
Theodore,  in  Kootenai  county;  Arthur,  Carl,  Edith, 
and  two  that  are  dead.  Mr.  Nicolai  is  a  Republican 
in  politics  and  always  takes  an  active  part  in  that 
realm.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bricklayers'  Association 
of  Spokane.  He  is  also  a  member  "of  the  Lutheran 


DANIEL  ESCH.  One  of  the  heavy  property 
owners  of  Kootenai  county  and  also  one  of  the  leading 
agriculturists  of  the  same,  this  gentleman  is  worthy 
of  representation  in  the  volume  of  history  which  has 
to  do  with  the  leading  citizens  of  this  section.  He  has 
gained  his  fine  holding  by  hard  work,  wise  management, 
and  careful  attention  to  business  in  all  its  details. 

Daniel  Esch  was  born  in  Harrison  county,  Ohio, 
on  March  12,  1836,  being  the  son  of  Christian  and 
Dorothy  Esch,  natives  of  Germany.  They  came  to 
America  in  early  days  and  settled  in  Ohio.  Later 
they  removed  to  Indiana  and  there  they  died.  Our 
subject  is  one  of  twenty-three  children  begotten  by  his 
father,  who  was  married  three  times.  Daniel  has  four 
full  brothers  and  three  sisters.  Our  subject  attended 
a  German  school  for  a  short  time  in  Ohio  and  labored 
for  his  father  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  Then 


rash- 


ington  to  visit  a  brother  but  soon  returned  to  Indiana. 
He  sold  his  farm  there  and  traveled  through  portions 
of  Washington  and  Idaho  and  then  went  to  Lane 
county,  Oregon,  and  purchased  a  farm  of  three  hun- 
dred and  eighty  acres  which  he  rents  to  his  brother. 
In  1888  Mr.  Esch  bought  a  section  of  land  in  Kootenai 
county,  where  he  now  lives,  about  one  mile  southwest 
from  Rathdrum.  Later  he  bought  four  hundred  acres 
more  of  land,  which  makes  him  the  mammoth  domain 
of  over  one  thousand  acres  in  this  county,  besides  the 
fine  farm  of  over  one-half  section  in  Lane  county.  Mr. 
Esch  does  a  general  farming  business  and  utilizes 
about  twenty  head  of  horses  in  his  work.  He  has 
never  ventured  on  the  uncertain  sea  of  matrimony, 
preferring  the  celebatarian's  quieter  joys  and  com- 
forts. He  is  a  worthy  citizen  and  is  capable,  industri- 
ous and  thrifty,  and  is  respected  by  all. 


DAVID  F.  FINNEY.  In  augmenting  the  in- 
dustrial force  of  Kootenai  county,  where  he  has 
demonstrated  himself  to  be  a  capable  man,  as  also  in 
his  entire  walk  in  the  ways  of  life,  Mr.  Finney  is 
eminently  fitted  to  be  with  the  leading  men  of  'this 
section  and  is  entitled  to  mention  in  the  history  that 
has  to  do  with  northern  Idaho.  He  was  born  in 
Montgomery  county,  Illinois,  May  24,  1862,  being 
the  son  of  Jackson  and  Sarah  (Tits worth)  Finney, 
natives  of  Illinois,  where  the  father  operated  a  flour 
mill  and  farmed  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1869. 
He  rests  in  Kirkland  cemetery,  in  Montgomery  coun- 
ty. The  mother  came  west,  married  in  1874  to  James 
W.  Sackett  and  died  in  Kootenai  county,  in  May, 


878 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


1902,  being  buried  in  Rathdrum  cemetery.  David  F. 
received  his  education  from  the  country  schools  and  at 
fifteen  went  to  work  to  assist  in  supporting  the  family. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  married  and  went  to 
railroading.  Three  years  later  he  rented  a  farm  and 
followed  tilling  the  soil  for  six  years,  then  he  came  to 
Kootenai  county,  took  a  homestead  three  miles  west 
from  Rathdrum,  where  the  family  home  is  today. 
Mr.  Finney  has  given  his  attention  to  general  farming 
since,  with  the  addition  to  handling  much  wood,  many 
ties  and  also  making  a  specialty  of  getting  out  and 
selling  telegraph  poles.  He  has  a  comfortable  home 
and  out  buildings  on  the  farm  and  handles  some  stock. 
He  also  owns  a  house  and  lot  in  Rathdrum  and  is 
planning  to  live  there  much  of  the  time  for  school 
facilities  for  the  children. 

It  was  in  1887  that  Mr.  Finney  married  Miss 
Eliza  J.,  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Sarah  (Williams) 
Dugan,  natives  of  Illinois.  The  mother  died  in  1882 
and  the  father  then  removed  to  Arkansas  and  died 
there  in  1902.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Finney  have  been 
born  four  children:  Elmer,  deceased,  Bertha,  Elsie, 
deceased,  and  Bessie.  Mr.  Finney  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  Rathdrum  Camp  No.  6843.  He  is  a  suc- 
cessful business  man  and  is  well  liked  and  is  a  man 
of  integrity  and  good  standing. 


EZEKIEL  M.  FINNEY  is  one  of  the  successful 
men  of  Kootenai  county,  and  is  a  man,  as  President 
Roosevelt  remarks,  "who  has  done  things."  This 
execution  and  energy  has  been  well  directed  and  com- 
bined with  practical  sagacity  have  given  him  the 
meed  due  to  the  exercise  of  such  talents.  Mr.  Finney 
is  a  native  of  Montgomery  county  Illinois,  and  was 
born  on  February  22,  1860,  being  the  son  of  A.  J. 
and  Sarah  (Titsworth)  Finney,  natives  also  of  Illi- 
nois. The  father  died  in  1869  'and  is  buried  in  Kirk- 
land  cemetery  in  Montgomery  county.  The  mother 
married  James  Sackette,  moved  west  in  1898,  and  died 
in  1902,  being  buried  in  the  Rathdrum  cemetery. 
Ezekiel  gained  a  country  school  education  and  at  six- 
teen went  to  work  for  the  farmers  and  collecting  cat- 
tle for  butchers.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  rented 
a  farm  for  himself  and  did  fairly  well  for  three  years, 
then  went  to  railroading  for  a  time.  He  came  west  in 
1887  and  located  in  Rathdrum.  He  railroaded  a  year. 
dug  the  deepest  well  in  Kootenai  county,  for  Henry 
Reiniger,  which  is  three  hundred  and  fourteen  feet 
deep.  In  1889  he  took  a  homestead,  fenced  and  im- 
proved it  and  in  1902  sold  it.  In  1897  he  bought  the 
place  where  he  now  lives,  three  miles  west  from  Rath- 
drum.  He  has  one  hundred  and  ten  acres,  on  which 
is  a  large  amount  of  saw  timber,  telegraph  poles  and 
ties.  He 


to  go  into  stock  raising  heavily. 

Mr.  Finney  married  Miss  Rebecca  Howell  in  1884 
and  they  have  four  children,  named  as  follows  :  Leora, 
M.,  wife  of  J.  C.  Thomas,  in  this  county;  Charles 
E.,  and  the  other  two,  Jesse  E.,  and  Ida  E.,  at  home. 
Mr.  Henry  Howell  married  Nancy  Smith,  who  are  the 


parents  of  Mrs.  Finney,  and  are  natives  of  Illinois. 
The  mother  died  when  Mrs.  Finney  was  young,  but 
the  father  came  to  Kootenai  county  in  1887  and  lives 
here  still.  Mr.  Finney  takes  great  interest  in  political 
matters,  especially  those  of  a  local  nature.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Rathdrum  Camp  No.  6843, 
and  is  a  man  of  sterling  worth,  being  happily  pos- 
sessed of  qualities  which  commend  him  to  the  esteem 
and  confidence  of  his  fellows. 


GEORGE  W.  HOWELL  is  one  of  the  sturdy  and 
enterprising  agriculturists  and  timber  men  who  are 
doing  so  much  for  the  development  of  Kootenai  coun-. 
ty  and  the  upbuilding  of  her  interests.  His  family 
residence  is  five  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Rath- 
drum,  and  there  he  owns  a  quarter  section,  which  he 
is  now  improving  with  a  good  house  and  barn,  and 
other  substantial  necessaries,  has  planted  an  orchard 
and  is  preparing  ties  and  timber  for  the  market  in 
addition  to  doing  a  general  farming  business. 

George  W.  was  born  in  Fayette  county,  Illinois, 
on  February  29,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and 
Nancy  (Smith)  Howell,  also  natives  of  Illinois.  The 
mother  died  in  Illinois  and  the  father  came  west  in 
1887,  locating  in  Kootenai  county,  where  he  is  still 
farming.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  started  in  life  for 
himself.  He  bought  a  farm  of  forty  acres  and  one  year 
later  sold  and  came  west.  He  took  a  homestead  in 
this  county,  improved,  gained  title,  then  sold  and  later 
bought  the  estate  where  he  now  lives.  In  addition 
to  the  other  property  mentioned,  Mr.  Howell  owns 
a  bunch  of  stock  and  pays  considerable  attention  to 
raising  stock. 

In  1886  Mr.  Howell  and  Miss  Margaret  E.,  daugh- 
ter of  William  Linton,  a  native  of  Illinois,  were  mar- 
ried in  that  state,  and  to  them  have  been  born  eight 
children:  William  H.,  John  A.,  Gilford  A.,  Icen  C., 
Lillie  E.,  Freddie  H.,  Ruth,  and  Clarence  D.  Mrs. 
Linton  is  dead,  but  Mr.  Linton  is  still  living  in  Illi- 
nois. In  political  matters  Mr.  Howell  is  associated 
with  the  Democratic  party  and  is  active  in  local  poli- 
tics. He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Rathdrum 
Camp  No.  6843.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Baptist  church,  being  devoted  supporters  of  the  faith. 


ALBERT  E.  TRAVIS.  Six  miles  west  from 
Rathdrum,  one  may  see  the  well  kept  estate  of  our  sub- 
ject, which  is  the  family  home.  He  is  a  competent  man 
in  business  lines,  being  looked  up  to  by  his  fellows, 
and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  section,  being 
also  a  man  of  sound  principles  and  worth  and  is  de- 
serving of  representation  in  Kootenai  county  history. 
Mr.  Travis  was  born  in  Lacrosse,  Wisconsin,  on 
April  12,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth 
(Lower)  Travis.  The  father  was  a  native  of  New 
York,  and  the  mother  of  Germany,  and  came  to  the 
United  States  when  young,  with 'her  parents.  She 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


died  in  Lacrosse,  in  1858  and  the  father  died  in 
Augusta,  Wisconsin,  in  May,  1902.  Our  subject  was 
taken  to  Fairchild,  Wisconsin,  when  a  child  and  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education  and  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  years  commenced  to  work  in  the  saw  mill. 
At  first  he  received  twenty  dollars  per  month  and 
then  three  dollars  per  day  day.  He  labored  thus  for 
about  twelve  years,  then  came  west  to  Reardan,  Wash- 
ington. He  worked  by  the  month  for  a  couple  of  years 
and  then  rented  a  half  section  of  school  land  and  tilled 
it  successfully  for  three  years,  then  sold  out  and  came 
to  Kootenai  county.  He  secured  a  homestead  where 
he  now  lives  and  at  once  commenced  to  improve. 
He  has  it  well  improved  and  about  thirty  acres  cleared. 
.  This  was  taken  in  1893  and  he  had  worked  in  the 
timber  four  years  previous  to  taking  the  place.  Mr. 
Travis  has  an  orchard  of  four  hundred  and  fifty  trees, 
a  good  house,  barn  and  outbuildings,  and  is  one  of 
the  well-to-do  men  of  his  section.  He  handles  some 
stock. 

In  1881  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Travis  and 
Miss  Theresa,  daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  (Belin- 
ger)  Laundrash,  natives  of  Canada,  but  immigrants  to 
this  country  in  an  early  day.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  this  worthy  couple:  Grace,  wife  of  George 
Reaves,  living  in  Reardan,  Washington;  Adelia  R., 
Joseph  E.,  and  Ruby  F.  Mr.  Travis  is  a  free  silver 
Republican.  He  is  fraternally  allied  with  the  M.  W. 
A.,  Rathdrum  Camp  No.  6843 ;  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
Rathdrum  Lodge  No.  73  ;  while  Mrs.  Travis  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  R.  N.  of  A.,  Evergreen  Camp.  Mrs. 
Laundrash  died  in  March,  1862,  and  is  buried  in 
Mankato,  Minnesota,  while  Mr.  Laundrash  still  lives, 
working  at  his  trade  of  wagon  maker.  Mr.  Travis 
is  one  of  the  men  who  have  taken  hold  with  a  will, 
to  develop  the  country  and  its  resources  and  is  doing 
well,  and  holds  an  enviable  prestige  among  his 


WILLIAM  H.  ANDRUS.  Although  Mr.  Andrus 
has  spent  considerable  time  in  Kootenai  county,  being 
really  one  of  the  old-timers  of  this  section,  he  is  still 
a  young  man  and  has  manifested  real  energy  and  enter- 
prise in  the  labors  which  he  has  performed  for  the 
building  of  a  home  and  the  development  of  the  coun- 
try. He  is  a  man  of  integrity  and  honor  and  is  re- 
spected by  all  who  know  him,  standing  well  among  his 
fellows,  and  is  deserving  of  representation  in  the  his- 
tory of  his  county. 

William  H.  was  born  in  Brighton  county,  Minne- 
sota, on  January  15,  '1870,  being  the  son  of  Ezra 
and  Jane  (Chamberland)  Andrus,  natives  respectively 
of  Vermont  and  Canada.  They  were  married  in 

served  in  the  Third  Minnesota  Infantry,  in  the  Civil 
war.  In  1884  he  came  west  to  Spokane  and  four 
years  later  settled  in  Kootenai  county,  where  they 
died  and  are  buried  in  Rathdrum  cemetery.  William 
H.  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  the  sections  where 
he  lived,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  started  out  in  life 
for  himself.  He  went  to  the  Hoodoo  vallev  in  Koot- 


enai county,  squatting  on  unsurveyed  land  and  went 
to  improving  it.  He  sold  this  latter  and  moved  to  the 
vicinity  of  Rathdrum  and  purchased  a  quarter,  partly 
improved.  He  labored  there  for  three  years  and  sold 
it,  then  bought  a  quarter  of  railroad  land  unimproved. 
He  fitted  it  up  as  he  could  until  he  had  sixty  acres 
under  the  plow,  then  sold  and  bought  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres  and  later  sold  an  eighty,  which  leaves  him 
a  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  which  is  the 
family  home  now.  It  lies  two  miles  west  and  one 
mile  north  from  Rathdrum.  He  cuts  and  sells  various 
kinds  of  timber  supplies  and  is  improving  his  place 
continually. 

Mr.  Andrus  married  Miss  Mattie,  daughter 
of  G.  W.  and  Eliza  (Famm)  Johnson,  natives  of  Iowa, 
who  came  first  to  Minnesota  and  then,  in  1890,  to 
Spring  Valley,  Washington,  where  they  reside  now. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Andrus  have  been  born  three  chil- 
dren: Walter  H.,  Ethel  P.  and  Florence  A.  Mr. 
Andrus  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Rathdrum  Camp 
No.  6843.  His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  R.  N.  of  A., 
Evergreen  Lodge. 


NELS  NELSON.  Good  strong  hands  directed 
by  wisdom  and  practical  judgment  have  wrought  out 
the  success  that  is  now  enjoyed  by  Mr.  Nelson,  a  well 
known  man  of  enterprise  and  integrity,  who  lives  three 
and  one-half  miles  north  from  Rathdrum,  on  his 
estate  of  one  quarter  section,  which  he  has  improved 
in  a  very  becoming  manner.  He  has  one  of  the  best 
residences  of  the  entire  section,  with  fine  mountain 
spring  water  piped  into  it,  a  good  barn  and  outbuild- 
ings, while  an  air  of  thrift  pervades  the  premises, 
which  indicates  the  spirit  and  nature  of  the  proprietor. 
Mr.  Nelson  does  a  general  farming  business,  sells  tim- 
ber products  and  also  owns  two  hundred  and  eighty 
acres  of  grass  land  in  Spokane  county,  Washington. 

Speaking  of  the  personal'  and  domestic  life  of  Mr. 
Nelson,  we  see  that  he  was  born  in  Littleful,  Den- 
mark, on  October  20,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Oren  and 
Christine  (Anderson)  Nelson,  natives  of  Denmark. 
They  came  to  America  in  1880,  settling  in  Bear  Lake 
county,  Idaho.  The  father  died  there  in  1884,  but 
the  mother  still  lives  there.  Nels  was  educated  in 
Denmark  and  at  eleven  quit  school.  He  came  with 
his  sister,  Caroline  M.,  to  America  in  1879,  settling 
in  Box  Elder  county,  Utah.  One  year  later  they  re- 
moved to  Bear  Lake  county,  Idaho,  and  sent  for 
their  parents.  In  1883,  Mr.  Nels  Nelson  went  to  British 
Columbia  and  labored  for  two  years,  then  went  to 
Spokane,  and  later  we  find  him  in  Montana,  con- 
tracting in  ties  and  timber.  He  then  went  to  Koot- 
enai county,  and  two  years  were  spent  in  contracting 
in  the  same  line.  Then  he  married  and  bought  a  man's 
right  to  a  homestead  which  he  settled  upon  and  madi 


went  to  Spokane  county.  Washington,  spending  two 
years  there.  Then  he  came  to  Rathdrum  and  bought 
his  present  place,  which  has  been  the  home  of  the 
family  since  that  time. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


It  was  in  1889  that  Mr.  Nelson  married  Miss 
Cindrila,  daughter  of  W.  M.  and  Sarah  Holston, 
natives  of  Virginia  and  Indiana,  respectively,  but 
immigrants  to  Iowa  and  Missouri.  The  mother  died 
in  Missouri  on  April  12,  1898.  The  father  lives  near 
Neodesha,  Kansas.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nelson  have 
been  bern  four  children,  named  as  follows:  Stacy, 
Bernard,  Van  E.,  and  Joe  L.  Mr.  Nelson  is  a  Demo- 
crat in  politics  and  is  now  serving  on  the  school  board 
and  has  been  for  three  terms.  He  and  his  family  are 
adherents  of  the  Latter  Day  church.  Mr.  Nelson  is 
a  man  who  commands  the  respect  of  his  fellows  and 
stands  well  in  the  community  and  has  manifested  in- 
tegrity, uprightness,  and  a  public  spirit. 


WILLIAM  S.  LANCASTER.  In  all  those  experi- 
ences which  are  part  and  parcel  of  the  pioneer's  life, 
this  gentleman  has  had  a  great  share,  having  crossed 
the  plains  five  times,  once  with  two  children,  one  eight 
and  the  other  a  babe,  the  mother  having  died ;  and  his 
life  is  one  of  great  activity  and  adventure,  with  all  the 
attendant  hardships  and  adventures,  which  but  brought 
out  his  native  endurance,  courage  and  sagacity. 

William  S.  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  on 
July  25,  1833,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Slater) 
Lancaster,  natives  of  England,  the  father  being  a  great 
land  holder  there  and  the  mother's  people  also  being 
freeholders.  They  came  to  America  in  1847,  located 
in  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  the  father  had  a  large  share  in  a 
company  that  owned  fifty  thousand  acres  of  land  there. 
He  died  in  1850,  and  the  mother  was  killed  in  1858  in 
a  railroad  wreck  on  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  also 
was  robbed  of  seven  thousand  dollars.  After  her  hus- 
•  band's  death  she  had  been  settling  his  estate  and  had 
been  to  California,  also,  in  the  gold  mines.  Four  chil- 
dren were  the  fruit  of  this  worthy  couple :  William  S., 
the  subject  of  this  article ;  Anna,  wife  of  Joseph  Lup- 
ton,  in  Iowa ;  Sarah  E.,  wife  of  Joseph  Snow,  in  Lake 
county,  California;  John,  who  died  in  1861,  while 
crossing  the  plains.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Eng- 
land, gaining  a  good  college  training.  He  worked  on 
the  farm  with  the  father  until  the  latter's  death,  and 
then  helped  his  mother  manage  the  estate,  and  upon 
her  death,  he  was  appointed  administrator  until  the  en- 
tire business  was  settled.  After  the  mother's  death, 
about  1860,  Mr.  Lancaster  went  to  Pikes  Peak,  and  in 
1861  started  across  the  plains  with  two  sisters  and  one 
brother.  They  bought  land  near  Chico,  California, 
and  then  went  to  Walla  Walla,  horseback.  Our  sub- 
ject bought  mule  teams  and  freighted  to  Boise.  On 
one  occasion,  he  paid  a  man  forty  cents  per  pound  to 
pack  sixteen  thousand  pounds  to'Blackfoot,  Montana, 
and  then  he  sold  the  tobacco  as  high  as  five  and  ten 
dollars  per  pound.  He  then  made  a  contract  with 
Moody  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  Co.,  to  freight  a  steamboat 
machinery  to  lake  Pend  Oreille,  the  boiler  alone  weigh- 
ing fourteen  thousand  pounds.  This  required  thirteen 
wagons  and  over  one  hundred  mules  all  told.  Then  in 
1869  he  returned  to  Iowa,  sold  out  and  went  to  Mis- 
souri and  remained  until  1889.  On  this  journey  he 


took  his  children,  as  mentioned  above,  and  on  the  way 
he  had  great  hardship,  as  they  were  short  of  provisions, 
and  were  obliged  to  live 'on  wild  berries.  The  late 
Judge  Clagget  was  one  of  this  party.  He  also  crossed 
the  plains  with  that  gentleman  in  '1861.  In  1889  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Walla  Walla  and  thence  to  Couer 
d'Alene,  Idaho.  In  the  spring  of  1890,  he  went  back 
to  the  Black  Hills,  Dakota,  and  brought  out  his  family. 
He  purchased  a  half  section  where  he  now  lives  about 
two  miles  southeast  from  Rathdrum.  He  has  the  es- 
tate well  cultivated,  and  improved  with  good  residence, 
barn,  and  other  buildings,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
men  of  this  section. 

In  1858  Mr.  Lancaster  married  Miss  Athaliah  Mc- 
Cleary  and  three  children  were  born  to  them :  Wiliam 
H.,  married  and  living  in  Bellefourche,  South  Dakota, 
is  a  native  of  Iowa;  John  E.,  born  in  Walla  Walla, 
now  married  and  living  in  Curlew,  Washington;  the 
father  packed  this  boy  in  a  box  on  a  horse  from  Walla 
Walla  to  Helena,  Montana,  in  ten  days ;  Athaliah,  born 
in  Walla  Walla,  married  to  Alex  McDonald  and  living 
there  now.  Mrs.  Lancaster  died  in  1867,  and  soon  after 
that  Mr.  Lancaster  took  the  trip  across  the  plains  with 
his  children. 

In  1869,  Mr.  Lancaster  married  Miss  Mary  Mc- 
Kee,  a  native  of  Sharon,  Pennsylvania,  and  seven  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them :  Prince,  born  in  Iowa ; 
Josephine,  also  born  in  Iowa ;  Henry,  born  in  Mis- 
souri, is  now  a  graduate  of  the  state  university  and 
deputy  mineral  surveyor  in  the  employ  of  the  United 
States  government,  and  in  school  he  was  signally  hon- 
ored by  the  citizens  of  Moscow  and  his  class  mates  by 
the  receipt  of  a  fine  gold  watch;  Nellie,  born  in  Mis- 
souri, now  in  Camp  McKinney;  Lenna,  born  in  Mis- 
souri, now  at  Camp  McKinney;  Arthur  G.,  at  home; 
Grace,  deceased. 


BENJAMIN  F.  STOCKWELL.  Four  miles 
east  from  Rathdrum  one  will  find  the  fine  farm  of 
Mr.  Stockwell,  which  consists  of  one  quarter  section, 
and  also  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land  that  is 
rented.  The  place  has  not  long  been  under  cultivation, 
but  the  owner  has  made  a  good  showing  and  has  one 
of  the  fine  producing  farms  in  this  section  at  the 
present  time.  He  is  a  man  of  stirring  spirit,  handles 
his  business  with  ability  and  execution,  and  is  well 
thought  of  by  his  neighbors  and  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Benjamin  F.  was  born  in  Livingston  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  April  19,  1858,  his  parents  being  James  and 
Elizabeth  (Gillispie)  Stockwell.  They  came  to  Mis- 
souri in  1842.  The  father  was 'a  carpenter  and  died 
in  Harrison  county  and  is  buried  in  Dale  cemetery, 
near  Bethany.  This  son  received  his  first  schooling  in 
the  village  of  his  native  county  and  completed  the 
same  in  Harrison  county.  At  sixteen  years  of  age, 
he  quit  school  and  went  to  work,  assisting  his  father 
on  the  farm  until  twenty,  then  he  bought  forty  acres 
for  himself  and  farmed  three  years.  He  sold  and 
worked  with  his  father  until  1889,  when  he  came 
to  Rathdrum  after  tilling  the  land  three  years.  Next 
we  see  him  in  Postfalls  working  in  the  saw  mill  and 


WILLIAM  S.  LANCASTER. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


there  and  in  Whitman  county  he  continued  for  about 
ten  years.  His  next  move  was  to  rent  a  farm,  after 
which,  in  July,  1900,  he  bought  his  present  farm. 
He  has  the  place  well  under  cultivation  and  will  soon 
have  it  given  entirely  to  the  production  of  the  fruits 
of  the  field.  He  bought  eighty  acres  and  in  addition 
to  his  own  land  he  rents  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres 
of  good  grain  land.  He  has  a  nice  young  orchard  and 
some  cattle  and  horses  and  plenty  of  machinery  to 
handle  his  land  successfully.  Mr.  Stockwell  has  pro- 
duced some  of  the  best  crops  on  Rathdrum  prairie 
and  is  a  prosperous  man. 

On  March  18,  1886,  Mr.  Stockwell  married  Miss 
Susan  S.,  daughter  of  B.  M.  and  Sarah  A.  (Terhune) 
Ross,  and  to  them  have  been  born  three  children: 
Roy  O.,  born  February  24,  1887;  Montie  F.,  born 
February  15,  1896;  and  Ernest  W.,  born  January 
J7>  I9°3-  Mr.  Stockwell  is  a  Republican  and  takes 
interest  in  local  politics.  In  1899  ha  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace  but  refused  to  qualify.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  school  board.  Mr.  Stockwell  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Post  Falls,  No.  14.  His 
wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church ;  he  is 
highly  esteemed  by  all  and  looked  up  to  as  a  leading 
member  of  the  community. 

The  father  of  our  subject,  James  S.  Stockwell, 
was  born  in  Ohio,  on  December  18,  1820,  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  Indiana,  when  a  boy.  He  early 
learned  carpentering  and  followed  it  all  his  life  and 
was  known  in  Missouri,  whither  he  came,  as  "Uncle" 
James  Stockwell.  No  man  in  the  community  was 
found  as  his  enemy.  He  served  through  the  war  in 
the  Thirty-third  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry.  On 
Tuesday,  March  11,  1890,  he  died  in  Harrison  "county, 
Missouri,  of  disease  contracted  during  the  war.  His 
widow  died  on  February  18,  1899,  aged  seventy-six. 
She  was  born  in  Indiana  on  October  3,  1822,  and  was 
married  in  1840.  She  was  the  mother  of  nine  children, 
five  of  whom  preceded  her  to  the  grave. 


LOUIS  T.  DITTEMORE.  This  gentleman  is 
one  of  the  old  settlers  of  Kootenai  county  and  has 
demonstrated  in  a  number  of  years  of  faithful  labor 
that  he  is  a  capable,  upright  and  sagacious  man. 

Louis  T.  Dittemore  was  born  in  bt.  Joseph,  Mis- 
souri, on  October  29,  1848,  to  Theodore  and  Eliza- 
beth (Cotter)  Dittemore,,  natives  of  Indiana,  who 
crossed  the  plains  to  California  in  1853  and  settled  in 
Sonoma  county.  In  1891  they  came  to  Postfalls, 
where  they  now  live.  Louis  T.  was  educated  in  Cali- 
fornia and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  quit  school  and  went 
to  work  on  his  father's  farm.  At  twenty-two  he 
bought  a  sheep  ranch  and  followed  it  for  three  years. 
Then  he  sold  out  and  bought  a  small  farm  which  he 
tilled  until  1876,  at  which  time  he  went  to  Washington, 
near  Dayton,  and  bought  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
and  also  took  a  timber  claim.  He  and  his  father  put 
up  a  saw  mill  which  they  operated  until  1884.  then  he 
rented  the  farm  and  took  charge  of  the  warehouse  of 
Dusenberry  &  Stensel,  in  Dayton,  until  1890,  when 


he  sold  his  farm  and  came  to  his  present  location, 
eight  miles  north  from  Coeur  d'Alene,  where  he  im- 
proved his  farm  with  new  house,  barn,  orchard  and 
so  forth,  and  it  is  a  very  fine  place.  Mr.  Dittemore 
sold  his  farm  this  spring  and  has  bought  lots  in  Post- 
falls,  where  he  is  building  a  house,  which  will  be  the 
family  home  in  the  future. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Dittemore  and  Miss  Marilla 
Hall  was  solemnized  in  1868  and  to  that  union  were 
born  five  children:  Charles  L.,  Hattie  J.,  Perry  L., 
married  to  Maud  Morris,  and  living  in  Coeur  d'Alene, 
Jessie  E.,  Mary  G.  Mrs.  Dittemore's  parents  were 
Edward  and  Eliza  (Miller)  Hall,  natives  of  Illinois, 
but  immigrants  to  California,  where  they  died.  Mrs. 
Dittemore  died  in  1887  and  is  buried  in  Coeur 
d'Alene  cemetery. 

In  1900  Mr.  Dittemore  married  Addie  Cox,  daugh- 
tre  of  Robert  and  Luie  (Lowney)  Cox,  natives  of 
Illinois.  They  came  west  to  Idaho  in  1899,  remained 
one  year  and  then  went  to  Kansas,  where  they  now 
live.  To  this  second  marriage  there  has  been  born 
one  child,  Mildred  B.  Mr.  Dittemore  is  a  Demo- 
crat of  the  Jeffersonian  type  and  in  1898  he  was 
elected  county  commissioner  against  Robert  Work, 
Republican,  gaining  the  day  by  four  hundred  ma- 
jority. He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.  Ditte- 
more demonstrated  in  public  service  that  he  had  the 
qualities  which  win  and  give  satisfaction  and  he  has 
always  maintained  an  untarnished  reputation  and 
stands  in  an  enviable  position  among  the  people. 


JOSEPH  G.  BROPHY  is  one  of  the  oldest  pio- 
neers of  this  section  and  was  one  of  the  leaders  in 
developing  the  region  and  getting  the  tide  of  immi- 
gration turned  toward  the  good  country  adjacent  to 
Rathdrum.  which  time  was  before  there  was  such  a 
place  as  Rathdrum  on  the  map.  He  wrought  here 
then  with  good  execution  and  has  labored  here  ever 
since  and  he  deserves  a  good  rank  with  the  leading 
pioneers  of  "the  entire  county. 

Joseph  G.  Brophy  was  born  in  Cincinnati.  Ohio, 
on  September  6,  1848,  and  his  parents  were  John  and 
Elizabeth  (Purcell)  Brophy,  natives  of  Queens  county, 
Ireland.  They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1847, 
located  in  Kentucky,  and  in  1857  moved  to  Iowa. 
There  they  died  and  are  buried  in  Lansing.  Joseph 
received  his  schooling  in  Kentucky  and  Iowa  and  at 
eighteen  began  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  the  as- 
sistance of  his  father.  After  the  father's  death  he 
remained  at  home  and  labored  in  the  support  of  the 
family  until  he  was  twenty-seven.  Then  he  went  to 
Texas  and  joined  his  brother  and  labored  at  getting 
timbers  for  the  railroad,  and  two  years  later  returned 
to  Iowa.  Thence  he  went  to  Colorado  and  joined  his 
brother  Tom,  and  assisted  to  construct  the  railroad 
from  Canyon  City  to  Leadville  during  the  excitement 
of  those  times.  In  1878  Mr.  Brophy  drove  overland 
to  Walla  Walla  then  came  to  Rathdrum  in  1880.  He 
immediately  went  to  getting  out  timber  for  the  N.  P., 
which  was  built  the  next  year.  He  took  a  homestead 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


south  from  where  Rathdrum  now  is,  proved  up  on  it 
and  sold  it,  then  bought  the  farm  where  he  lives,  five 
miles  east  and  two  miles  south  from  Rathdrum.  He 
immediately  went  to  work  at  improving  his  place  and 
building  a  home.  He  has  a  fine  house  and  one  of  the 
best  barns  in  the  country,  while  his  farm  is  well 
handled  and  Mr.  Brophy  stands  a  leader  among  the 
developers  of  the  resources  of  the  county.  He  has  a 
good  orchard  and  raises  considerable  stock. 

In  1883  Mr.  Brophy  married  Miss  Violet,  daughter 
of  Jesse  and  Violet  Mulkins,  natives  of  Iowa.  The 
father  died  in  1886  and  is  buried  in  Rathdrum,  while 
the  mother  died  at  Pine  City,  Washington,  in  1902, 
being  buried  there.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brophy  have 
been  born  four  children:  Elizabeth,  teaching  school, 
Thomas  J.,  Belle,  and  Florence  J.  Mr.  Brophy 
is  a  Democrat  and  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace 
in  1898  and  also  in  1900.  He  takes  an  active  part  in 
politics  and  labors  for  good  measures.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Free  Masons,  Kootenai  Lodge  No.  24,  and 
stands  high  in  lodge  relations.  It  is  of  note  that 
Mr.  Brophy  was  on  the  spot  before  any  Rathdrum  was 
there  and  when  the  question  came  up  as  to  the  name 
for  the  postoffice  some  suggested  Woodville,  some 
Westwood,  some  Mill  Creek  and  finally  M.  M.  Cow- 
ley  said  call  it  Rathdrum,  the  name  of  the  place  he 
came  from,  in  Ireland,  and  Rathdrum  was  chosen. 


MARY  A.  WRIGHT.  It  is  out  of  the  ordinary 
to  find  among  the  representatives  of  the  people  one 
so  talented  and  sagacious  and  withal  so  successful, 
as  has  been  and  is  Mary  A.  Wright.  And  especially 
is  this  precedented  rarely  among  the  ladies.  Since 
her  life  is  the  proof,  therefore,  we  will  at  once  note 
some  of  the  eminently  successful  doings  of  this  promi- 
nent lady. 

She  was  born  in  December,  1868,  in  Nodaway 
county,  Missouri,  being  the  daughter  of  Rev.  J.  C. 
and  Mary  (Best)  Allen,  natives  respectively  of  Indi- 
ana and  Missouri.  The  mother  died  in  t886  but  the 
father  still  lives  in  Madison  county,  Missouri.  He 
has  been  prominent  in  the  United  Brethren  church  for 
years.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  A,  F.  &  A.  M. 
Mary  A.  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  in 
the  State  Normal,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  mar- 
ried and  in  1889  came  west,  locating  in  Rathdrum 
the  following  year.  In  1893  she  began  teaching  school, 
continuing  until  1899.  In  1898  she  was  nominated  by 
the  Populist  party  for  the  legislature  and  gained  the 
day  by  three  hundred  and  fifty-six  majority.  Her 
colleagues,  Edwin  McBee  and  j.  C.  Glah,  were  also 
elected.  The  Republicans  that  year  were  George 
Levet,  O.  C.  Smith,  and  Adams.  She  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  committee  on  education  and  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  engrossment  and  also 
served  in  various  other  capacities.  At  one  time  she 
was  appointed  to  preside  over  the  house.  Mrs.  Wright 
is  one  of  the  three  first  ladies  to  represent  her  state. 
From  the  legislature  she  went  to  teaching  school. 
She  was  at  one  time  delegate  to  the  state  convention 


of  her  party  and  as  there  was  a  division  in  the  party, 
two  conventions  were  held  and  the  matter  went  to  the 
supreme  court  and  her  side  was  sustained.  She  was 
also  a  delegate  to  the  national  convention  of  her  party 
at  Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota.  In  January,  1901,  she 
was  chosen  chief  clerk  in  the  house  and  served  that 
session  and  it  will  be  her  duty  to  convene  the  next 
session  of  the  legislature  in  Idaho.  She  was  secretary 
of  the  Pan  American  exposition  committee.  Mrs. 
Wright  acted  as  private  secretary  to  Congressman 
Glenn  in  1902,  at  the  fifty-seventh  congress. 

Mrs.  Wright  has  been  the  mother  of  three  chil- 
dren, and  one,  Otis  A.,  lives  with  his  mother.  She  is 
a  member  of  the  Eastern  Star,  Queen  Esther  chapter 
No.  96.  Mrs.  Wright  has  gotten  a  firm  hold  on  the 
hearts  of  her  constituency  and  they  stand  by  her 
nobly  at  all  times.  She  is  a  woman  of  unusual  ability 
and  her  talents  are  recognized  by  all  who  may  have  the 
pleasure  of  her  acquaintance. 


JAMES  GLEESON.  It  is  the  lot  of  compara- 
tively few  men  to  have  the  large  amount  of  traveling 
experience  that  has  fallen  to  the  enterprising  and 
capable  gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph 
and  to  whom  we  accord  representation  in  this  volume 
with  pleasure,  since  he  has  done  much  to  assist  in  the 
development  of  Kootenai  county,  has  shown  a  public 
spirit  and  has  ever  conducted  himself  with  sagacity 
and  display  of  integrity  and  sound  principles,  being  a 
man  of  sterling  worth  of  character. 

James  Gleeson  was  born  in  the  famous  little  isle 
that  has  sent  her  sons  to  the  front  of  civilization  around 
the  globe  and  the  stanch  Irish  blood  that  has  done  so 
much  for  the  race  is  in  his  veins.  He  was  born  on  De- 
cember 24,  1839,  in  Wexford,  Ireland,  being  the  son 
of  John  and  Mary  (Walsh)  Gleeson,  natives  of  Wex- 
ford also.  The  father  died  there  in  1861  and  the 
mother  in  1874,  being  buried  at  Poulfur.  They  were 
the  parents  of  seven  children,  of  whom  our  subject  is 
the  oldest:  James,  John,  David,  Patrick,  Andrew, 
Mary  and  Matthew.  James  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  and  labored  for  his  father  until 
he  was  twenty-four  years  of  age.  Then  he  bade  fare- 
well to  the  home  land  and  sailed  away  to  Australia, 
where  he  spent  several  years  in  different  work.  It  was 
in  1867  that  he  landed  in  California  and  in  1869  he 
went  to  Chile  and  fired  on  an  engine  and  later  became 
engineer  and  remained  there  until  1874.  He  started 
back  to  Calif 6rnia,  but  stopped  in  Mexico  and  operated 
an  engine  for  a  time,  visited  San  Bias,  the  city  of  Mex- 
ico, Vera  Cruz,  and  then  came  to  New  Orleans  and  la- 
ter did  engineer  work  in  Coldwater,  Mississippi.  Next 
we  see  him  in  Indiana,  then  in  Arakansas  on  a  planta- 
tion, then  in  Chicago  firing  on  a  steamboat.  He  was 
soon  in  Texas  and  later  in  Dodge  City,  Kansas,  then 
he  returned  to  Texas  and  went  thence  to  Los  Angeles, 
California,  and  later  was  in  the  San  Joaquin  valley. 
In  December,  1880,  he  started  thence  to  Kootenai 
county  and  the  following  year  he  took  a  homestead 
and  improved  it  in  good  shape  and  sold  it.  Then  he 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


took  his  present  place 
' 


preemption,   eight   miles 


north  from  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  has  improved  it  in  a 
becoming  manner,  has  a  good  portion  cultivated  and  is 
prosperous.  Mr.  Gleeson  was  chairman  of  the  Farm- 
ers' Alliance  from  1889  to  1891  and  he  is  popular 
among  the  residents  of  his  section  and  has  always  put 
himself  on  record  for  the  advancement  of  the  interests 
of  the  county.  Mr.  Gleeson  is  a  member  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  church  and  he  is  a  man  of  reliability,  carries 
the  stirring  spirit  of  his  race  and  the  good  qualities 
imbibed  in  the  far  away  Emerald  Isle  birthplace,  be- 
ing genial,  affable,  a  man  of  sparkling  wit  and  good 
practical  judgment. 


JESSE  DENISON.  To  the  industrious  agricult- 
urists of  Kootenai  county  there  is  much  credit  for  the 
opening  up  of  this  country  and  one  among  the  number 
who  deserves  a  goodly  share  of  the  encomium  is  named 
above.  Mr.  Denison  is  a  native  of  Allamakee  county, 
Iowa,  being  born  on  November  20,  1859,  to  Nathan 
and  Marv  J.  (Lusk)  Denison,  natives  of  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  They  were  early  pio- 
neers to  Allamakee  county  and  farmed  there  for  thirty 
years,  being  buried  in  Mt.  Hope  cemetery  there  now. 
Jesse  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  that  place  and  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  took  charge  of  his  father's  farm, 
continuing  the  same  until  twenty-two.  Then  he  came 
west,  Spokane  being  the  objective  point.  Later  we 
see  him  on  the  California  ranch  and  soon  thereafter 
he  was  in  Cocolalla,  then  in  Granite  for  five  years. 
Then  in  Kootenai  county  he  took  a  squatter's  right  and 
five  years  later  sold  it  and  moved  to  Rathdrum.  He 
clerked  for  John  Russell,  then  railroaded  a  time  and 
contracted  wood  and  then  went  to  Montana  and  took 
charge  of  a  section  on  the  railroad,  after  which  he  re- 
turned to  Rathdrum  and  took  his  present  place,  three 
outh  and  four  miles  east  from  that  town.  He 
mer  in  the  hard  times,  but  was  not 
v  has  a  fine  farm,  all  under  culti- 
vation and  producing  good  returns,  stock  enough  to 
operate  it  well,  a  good  house  and  barn  and  is  doing 
well. 

In  1881  Mr.  Denison  married  Miss  Fannie  Maher, 
whose  parents  were  natives  of  Ireland  and  came  to 
America  when  young,  and  to  this  happy  union  five 
children  have  been  born:  William,  Mary,  James, 
Frank,  Rosa.  Mr.  Denison  is  one  of  the  directors  in 
his  school  district  and  has  been  road  supervisor  for  a 
time.  In  politics  he  is  allied  with  the  Democratic 
party  and  takes  an  active  hand  in  the  affairs  of  the 
county  and  of  politics  in  general.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.,  Rathdrum  Camp,  No.  6448.  In  church 
relations  Mr.  Denison  is  affiliated  with  the  Roman 
Catholics. 


had  bought  a  quarter  in 
able  to  hold  it.  He  now  h 


SYLVESTER  MILLER.  About  six  miles  north- 
vest  from  Coeur  d'Alene  is  the  residence  of  the  gentle- 
nan  whose  life's  career  is  to  be  epitomized  for  the 
'olume  of  his  county's  history.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  man 


of  good  stanch  character,  is  an  enterprising  farmer  and 
has  established  himself  in  the  esteem  and  good  will  of 
his  fellows.  He  was  born  in  Fayette.  Ohio,  on  Octo- 
ber 22,  1873,  being  the  son  of  Matthias  and  Clara  C. 
(Spencer)  Miller,  natives,  respectively,  of  New  Jersey 
and  Ohio.  They  came  west  in  1881,  locating  in  Day- 
ton, Washington,  and  thence  in  the  following  year  to 
Kootenai  county,  where  the  father  did  freighting  from 
Rathdrum  to  Coeur  d'Alene  and  in  1884  bought  a 
man's  right  to  a  homestead  and  settled  there  until  1897, 
moving  to  Coeur  d'Alene,  where  he  died  in  1899, 
March  .yst.  The  mother  had  died  in  1888  and  both 

received  but  little  opportunity  of  gaining  an  educa- 
tion on  account  of  the  many  moves  that  the  family 
made.  However,  he  improved  his  opportunities 
and  fortified  himself  as  best  he  could  for  the  bat- 
tle of  life.  At  sixteen  he  quit  school  altogether  and 
assisted  his  father,  remaining  with  him  all  the  time. 
In  1897,  when  the  father  removed  to  Coeur  d'Alene, 
Sylvester  remained  on  the  farm  and  has  continued 
there  since  in  cultivation  of  the  same. 

In  1893  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Miller  and 
Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  John  and  Arreka  Snyder,  na- 
tives of  Germany.  They  came  to  America  and  located 
in  Kootenai  county,  later  removing  to  Coeur  d'Alene, 
where  Mr.  Snyder  is  now  marshal  of  the  town.  Mr. 
Miller  has  one  brother,  Gilbert,  living  in  Coeur 
d'Alene.  He  also  has  one  sister,  Alta,  wife  of  George 
Childers,  in  Coeur  d'Alene.  In  politics  Mr.  Miller  is 
Republican  and  manifests  an  intelligent  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  county  and  state.  He  has  shown  himself 
faithful  and  capable  and  is  in  good  standing  among 
all  who  know  him. 


ALFORD  W.  HUDLOW.  For  a  number  of  years 
this  gentleman  has  labored  in  Kootenai  county  and  is 
now  located  on  a  quarter  ten  miles  east  from  Rath- 
drum,  where  he  has  a  comfortable  place.  He  is  a  man 
well  esteemed  by  his  fellows  and  has  maintained  a 
clean  reputation.  Alford  W.  was  born  in  Dawson 
county,  Georgia,  in  August,  1849,  where  he  received 

His  parents,  W.  B.  and  Margret  (Williams)  Hud- 
low,  were  natives  of  Georgia.  In  1885  they  came  west 
and  located  in  Rockford,  Washington,  and'  on  Decem- 
ber 31,  1894,  the  father  died,  being  buried  on  Janu- 
ary 2,  1895,  while  the  mother  still  lives  on  Pleas- 
ant prairie,  Washington.  'At  the  age  of  nineteen  Al- 
ford W.  started  for  himself.  He  took  a  claim  and 
soon  sold  and  removed  to  Missouri,  where  he  home- 
steaded  one  hundred  and  forty-seven  acres,  and  ten 
years  after  his  advent  there  he  sold  and  came  to  Rock- 
ford,  Washington.  One  year  there  and  he  went  back 
to  Missouri,  where  two  "years  were  spent.  Another 
move  was  made  to  Rockford  and  then  he  made  his 
way  to  Rathdrum,  where  he  has  been  since  with  the 
exception  of  one  year  spent  in  Oregon.  He  is  located 
in  the  vicinity  of  Hayden  lake,  has  a  comfortable  home 
and  handles  timber  products  in  connection  with  general 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  1869  Mr.  Hudlow  married  Miss  Rode  C., 
daughter  of  Isaac  Garoutte,  a  native  of  New  Jersey. 
To  this  union  there  have  been  born  the  following  chil- 
dren:  Mark,  married  to  Sada  Burch,  in  Kootenai 
county;  Laura,  wife  of  Silas  Evan,  in  Spokane  coun- 
ty, Washington;  Mat,  married  to  George  Grates,  in 
Spokane;  Benman,  single;  Rus,  married  to  Ida  Jes- 
tus,  in  this  county ;  Rufus,  Ruby  and  Pearl. 


JAMES  A.  COLMAN.  In  the  course  of  the  com- 
pilation of  the  history  of  Kootenai  county  it  becomes 
our  pleasant  duty  to  review  the  salient  points  in  the 
career  of  the  gentleman  whose  name  appears  above. 
He  is  a  substantial  citizen,  public  minded  and  of  a  pro- 
gressive turn  and  has  had  considerable  experience  in 
various  lines  in  the  county. 

James  A.  was  born  in  Roane  county,  Tennessee,  on 
October  14,  1869.  His  parents,  Brice  and  Eliza  (John- 
son) Colman,  were  natives  of  the  same  state.  The 
mother  died  in  1882.  The  father  came  west  in  1886 
to  Kootenai  county  and  now  lives  seven  miles  east 
from  Rathdrum  and  is  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of 
the  community.  In  Kansas  our  subject  received  his 
education  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  came  west  to 
join  his  father.  He  worked  in  a  saw  mill  for  a  time, 
then  bought  a  team  and  hauled  ties  for  five  years. 
He  then  took  a  homestead,  where  he  is  now  located, 
ten  miles  east  from  Rathdrum.  He  has  built  a  house 
and  barn,  fenced  a  portion  and  cultivates  some  but 
gives  his  attention  to  the  timber  products  mostly.  He 
has  an  admirable  place  for  a  fish  hatching  establish- 
ment and  intends  to  start  a  trout  farm. 

In  1895  Air.  Colman  married  Miss  Nellie  B., 
daughter  of  Albert  H.  and  Ellen  (Graham)  Dingman, 
natives  of  Indiana,  who  crossed  the  plains  and  located 
in  Latah  county  and  later  came  to  Kootenai  county, 
but  now  live  in  Oregon.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Colman 
have  been  born  three  children,  named  as  follows: 
Amos  B..  Clara  A.,  Lottie.  Mr.  Colman  is  an  enter- 
prising, public  spirited  citizen  and  takes  great  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  the  county  and  is  a  zealous  worker 
in  the  Republican  fold.  He  is  ever  allied  with  that 
which  is  for  advancement  and  betterment. 


CARL  NILSON.  Although  Mr.  Nilson  has  not 
been  in  Kootenai  county  so  long  as  some  of  the  pio- 
neers, still  he  has  made  a  good  showing  and  is  estab- 
lished here  as  one  of  the  real  builders  of  the  county, 
having  put  forth  the  industry  and  thrift  that  charac- 
terize his  race,  being  also  a  man  to  whom  people 
readily  give  confidence  and  of  which  he  is  deserving. 
He  was  born  in  Varmlan,  Sweden,  on  October  10, 
1865,  being  the  son  of  Nils  and  Johanna  (Anderson) 
Nilson.  natives  also  of  Sweden:  He  received  his  ed- 
ucational training  in  his  native  land  and  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  went  to  work  on  a  farm  and  then  went  to  Nor- 
way and  labored  on  the  road.  His  father  was  taken 
sick  and  he  returned  to  take  his  place  on  the  farm, 


where  he  labored  nine  months  and  then  went  to  Nor- 
way. One  year  later  he  was  in  America  and  located 
first  in  Calhoun  county,  low'a.  He  worked  two  years 
and  then  came  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  In  1889  we'  find 
him  in  Spokane,  Washington,  where  he  labored  for 
five  months,  then  he  returned  to  Iowa,  laboring  there 
for  seven  years.  Then  he  went  to  Sweden  to  bring 
his  mother  to  this  country.  He  returned  to  Iowa  and 
one  year  later  came  to  Kootenai  county  and  at  once 
bought  two  hundred  acres  of  railroad  land,  mostly 
timber.  He  has  a  fine  house,  a  good  barn  and  has 
improved  his  place  in  good  shape.  This  estate  lies 
eight  miles  east  from  Rathdrum. 

In  1899  Mr.  Nilson  married  Miss  Christine,  daugh- 
ter of  Andrew  and  Kate  Anderson,  natives  of  Sweden, 
where  also  they  died.  Mrs.  Nilson  came  to  this 
country  in  1889.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nilson  have  been 
born  three  children:  John  V.,  Ellen  S.  and  Lillie  E. 
Mr.  Nilson  takes  an  active  part  in  political  matters, 
and  he  is  of  independent  thought,  reserving  for  him- 
self the  privilege  of  voting  for  whom  he  chooses  re- 
gardless of  party  restrictions.  He  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


JOHN  P.  BRENGMAN.  This  well  known  gen- 
tleman is  one  of  the  esteemed  men  whose  pioneer  labors 
opened  this  country  for  settlement  and  since  his  advent 
here  his  hand  has  always  been  ready  to  build  up  and 
improve,  while  his  walk  of  uprightness  and  faithful- 
ness has  won  for  him  the  encomiums  and  good  will 
of  all. 

John  P.  Brengman  was  born  in  Corydon,  Harri- 
son county,  Indiana,  on  February  27,  1865,  being  the 
son  of  Thomas  and  Alice  (Kentner)  Brengman,  na- 
tives of  Kentucky  and  Indiana,  respectively.  They 
were  married  in  the  native  place  of  our  subject  and 
there  the  father  enlisted  on  February  8,  1862,  in  Com- 
pany B,  Fifty-third  Indiana  Volunteers.  He  was  in 
Sherman's  army  and  participated  in  the  sieges  of 
Vicksburg,  Atlanta,  Corinth  and  also  marched  to  the 
sea,  being  altogether  three  years  and  eight  months  in 
the  active  service.  He  received  an  honorable  discharge 
and  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  When  John  was 
eight,  the  family  removed  to  Mason  county.  Illinois^ 
thence  they  went  to  St.  James,  Missouri,  where  the  fa- 
ther was  superintendent  of  the  live  stock  for  the  iron 
and  steel  works.  In  1875  they  migrated  to  Pawnee 
county,  Kansas,  and  in  1879  went  to  Richards  county, 
Nebraska.  Later  the  father  came  to  Kootenai  county 
and  dwells  here  now.  Our  subject  is  the  eldest  of  ten 
children,  all  of  whom  are  in  this  county.  Our  subject 
came  to  Whitman  county  in  1887  and  thence  in  May 
of  the  same  year  he  came  to  the  St.  Mary's  valley. 
Only  several  scattering  settlers  were  in  the  valley  and 
Mr.  Brengman  worked  in  lumbering  for  some  time. 
Then  he  bought  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  hay 
land  a  couple  of  miles  above  Saint  Maries,  which  he  de- 
votes to  hay.  At  present  he  is  dwelling  on  a  homestead 
twelve  miles  up  the  St.  Mary's  and  he  and  his  sister, 
Mrs.  Emma  Sanders,  a  wido'w,  who  is  keeping  house 


JOHN  P.  BRENGMAN. 


ARTHUR'A.  DARKNELL. 


FLOYD  V.  WIKE. 


WILLIAM  LYONS. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


for  him,  together  own  several  hundred  acres  of 
land  which  is  utilized  for  pasture  of  their  herds  and  is 
also  valuable  for  the  timber.  Mr.  Brengman  has  just 
completed  a  contract  of  building  six  miles  of  road  past 
his  place  and  is  to  be  credited  in  his  excellent  labors  for 
improvement.  Mr.  Brengman  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  32,  both  of 
Saint  Maries.  His  parents  came  here  in  1898  and  have 
a  good  ranch  one  mile  above  town. 


ARTHUR  A.  DARKNELL  is  well  known  in 
Saint  Maries  and  all  points  adjacent  to  Lake  Coeur 
d'Alene,  being  one  of  the  prominent  steamboat  men  of 
the  lake,  as  well  as  a  property  owner  at  Saint  Maries 
and  vicinity.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and  enterprise, 
has  good  business  ability,  and  is  an  upright,  moral 
and  stanch  citizen. 

Mr.  Darknell  was  born  in  Watertown,  Jefferson 
county,  Wisconsin,  on  October  16,  1859,  being  the  son 
of  Henry  Samuel  and  Jane  (Alexander)  Darknell, 
natives  of  England,  but  immigrants  to  the  United 
States  in  an  early  day.  The  family  went  to  Rochester, 
Minnesota,  in  1862,  and  in  1868  they  removed  to  Good- 
hue  county,  in  the  same  state.  He  grew  up  on  a  farm 
and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools.  On  October 
16,  1880,  Mr.  Darknell  married  Miss  Alice  C,  daugh- 
ter of  George  W.  and  Lavina  Hayward.  He  farmed 
there  for  three  years  and  then  removed  to  Spokane 
county,  Washington,  taking  a  homestead  near  Fairfield. 
He  improved  it  and  made  it  his  home  until  1897,  and 
then  came  to  Saint  Maries  and  engaged  in  the  stock 
business.  Three  years  were  spent  at  this,  and  then  he 
sold  his  stock  and  bought  the  steamer,  Defender,  which 
he  ran  one  year  and  "then  sold.  Then  Mr.  Darknell 
bought  a  half  interest  in  the  Schley,  a  fine  steamer, 
which  makes  daily  trips  from  Coeur  d'Alene  to  Saint 
Maries.  Mr.  A.  L  Loomis  owns  the  other  half  of  this 
steamer  and  he  and  Mr.  Darknell  do  business  in  part- 
nership, both  being  practical  steamboat  men.  This 
steamer  is  fourteen  feet  by  seventy-five  and  has  a  ca- 
pacity of  thirty  tons.  Mr.  Darknell  owns  a  tract  of 
land  adjacent  to  Saint  Maries,  part  of  the  town  being 
on  his  land,  and  also  he  has  a  farm  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  good  land  on  the  Saint  Joe  river.  He  has 
a  fine  residence  in  Saint  Maries,  being  a  modern  struc- 
ture of  eight  rooms  and  located  in  a  desirable  portion 
of  the  town. 

Mr.  Darkneiris  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Saint 
Maries  Camp  No.  8555,  of  the  Saint  Maries  lodge 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  No." 32,  being  a  charter  member  of 
the  last  order  and  treasurer  since  its  organization, 
April  8,  1901.  Mr.  Darknell  and  his  wife  are  members 
of  the  Rebekahs.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  part 
in  the  upbuilding  of  the  town  and  the  advancement  of 
the  educational  facilities,  and  he  has  always  served  on 
the  school  board  wherever  he  has  been.  He  is  active 
and  interested  in  political  matters,  always  attending  the 
primaries  and  conventions. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Darknell  have  been  born  two  chil- 
dren, Mildred  Lavma  and  Cora  Alice. 


FLOYD  V.  WIKE.  This  bright  and  intelligent 
young  business  man  has  manifested  excellent  capabil- 
ities to  secure  success  in  his  mercantile  establishment 
in  Athol,  as  well  as  in  handling  his  land  that  he  owns 
near  that  town. 

Floyd  V.  Wike  was  born  in  Griggsville,  Pike  coun- 
ty, Illinois,  on  September  4.  1879.  being  the  son  of 
William  and  Elizabeth  Wike,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Illinois,  respectively.  Mrs.  Wike  is  the  daughter 
of  George  and  Julia  (Tyler)  Wike,  natives  of  Illinois, 
who  came  west  in  1899  and  located  near  Athol,  where 
they  now  live.  Mrs.  Wike  married  Sherman  Hosier 
in  Glasgow.  Montana,  in  1894,  and  in  1896  they  re- 
moved to  Spokane,  Washington,  and  in  1902  they  came 
to  Athol,  where  they  now  reside.  Mr.  Hosier  was  a 
railroad  conductor  and  has  run  trains  all  over  the 
United  States.  He  was  born  in  Ohio,  on  October  22, 
1864,  and  he  completed  his  education  in  Oberlin  Col- 
lege, that  state.  He  had  an  unpleasant  experience  in 
the  south  in  undergoing  a  yellow  fever  and  smallpox 
siege.  Mr.  Hosier  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  at 
Athol  and  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Spokane.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  at  Colchester  and 
when  twelve  went  to  work  in  a  pottery.  Later  he 
served  in  a  printing  office  for  one  year,  then  went  to 
live  with  his  grandparents,  and  in  1894  he  went  to 
clerking  in  Chicago.  It  was  January,  1895,  that  he 
came  to  Glasgow,  Montana,  worked  in  a  pumping  sta- 
tion for  a  few  months  and  then  made  his  way  to  Siski- 
you  county,  California.  Two  years  were  spent  in 
prospecting  northern  California  and  southern  Oregon, 
and  then  he  made  his  way  to  Spokane.  He  was  at 
Buffalo  Hump  in  the  excitement  there  and  afterwards 
came  to  Athol  and  located  a  timber  claim.  He  has 
this  well  improved  and  it  is  a  valuable  piece  of  prop- 
erty. In  1902  Mr.  Wike  opened  a  general  mechandise 
establishment  in  Athol  and  it  has  been  a  success  from 
the  very  beginning.  His  patronage'  because  of  his 
affability  and  careful  and  wise  business  methods,  is  con- 
stantly increasing  and  he  has  recently  erected  a  large 
building  and  increased  his  business.  Politically  Mr. 
Wike  is  an  active  Republican.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.,  Athol  Camp,  8388,  and  of  this  order  he 
has  been  chief  forester  and  is  now  banker.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Pine  Lodge,  No.  75,  in 
Athol;  also  of  the  Rebekahs,  Evergreen  Lodge,  No. 
51,  at  Athol ;  and  of  the  K.  of  P. 


WILLIAM  LYONS.  From  the  famous  Emer- 
ald Isle,  whence  come  so  many  of  our  best  citizens,  the 
subject  of  this  article  hails  and  he  carries  the  stirring 
qualities  of  his  race,  being  self  reliant,  capable,  ener- 
getic and  possessed  of  a  goodly  store  of  practical 
wisdom  and  keenness  that  have  enabled  him  to  make 
a  good  career.  He  is  now  one  of  the  patriotic  and 
public  minded  citizens  of  Kootenai  county  and  lives 
on  his  farm  of  one-quarter  section  one  and  one-half 
miles  east  from  Ramsey. 

With  this  short  introduction  we  will  proceed  to 
detail  the  personal  items  of  the  life  of  Mr.  Lyons,  not- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ing  first  that  he  was  born  in  Waterford  county,  Ire- 
land, on  January  i,  1857,  being  a  son  of  Dave  and 
Johanna  (Foley)  Lyons,  natives  also  of  the  same 
land.  When  William  was  but  three  years  of  age  he 
was  called  to  mourn  the  sad  loss  of  his  mother,  and  she 
reposes  in  the  cemetery  of  the  native  place.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  in  1868  came  to 
America  with  his  father.  They  located  in  Massa- 
chusetts, where  the  father  died,  and  our  subject  began 
at  the  tender  age  of  eleven  years  the  battle  of  life  for 

railroaded  for  all  the  intervening  years  until  1892. 
Then  he  came  west,  locating  on  his  present  farm, 
which  he  took  as  a  homestead.  Mr.  Lyons  erected 
the  buildings  on  his  farm  and  has  done  all  the  im- 
proving. He  has  fifty  acres  under  cultivation,  the 
farm  all  fenced  and  raises  some  stock.  Mr.  Lyons  has 
three  sisters,  Delia,  Mary,  Johanna,  all  married  and  liv- 
ing in  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Lyons  takes  an  interest 
in  local  politics  and  the  affairs  of  the  county  and  the 
state,  and  is  an  enterprising  and  progressive  citizen. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church  and  is  upright 
and  well  liked  bv  all. 


JAMES  T.  LAGERS  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers 
in  this  section  of  Kootenai  county,  which  is  six  miles 
east  from  Rathdrum,  where  he  ha's  a  fine  estate  of  two 
hundred  and  eighty  acres.  He  has  wrought  here  and 
endured  many  hardships  during  and  since  the  early 
days  and  he  has  won  a  fine  success  from  the  continued 
labors  which  he  has  bestowed  with  sagacity.  He  is 
of  excellent  standing  in  the  community,  has  friends 
from  every  class  and  is  well  liked  by  all. 

James  T.  was  born  in  Albany,  Missouri,  on  Septem- 
ber 27,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Bernard  and  Mary  J. 
Lagers.  The  parents  came  to  Missouri  in  1857,  and 
in  1880  removed  to  the  southwestern  part,  where  they 
died.  The  father  was  a  miller  by  trade  and  he  al- 
so handled  a  farm.  In  the  native  place  James  was  edu- 
cated, having  only  opportunity  to  attend  the  common 
schools.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  obliged  to 
quit  school  and  assist  the  father  who  was  sickly.  Be- 
ing the  oldest  son,  the  management  of  the  farm  de- 
volved upon  him  and  he  remained  steadily  at  that  un- 
til he  was  twenty-five  years  of  age.  Then  he  farmed 
for  himself  in  McDonald  county  three  years,  after 
which  he  sold  out  and  came  to  his  present  place.  He 
took  a  homestead  and  began  improvement.  The 
country  was  very  wild  then  and  plenty  of  wild  game 
abounded,  he  being  able  to  shoot  deer  from  his  porch, 
while  also  bear  and  cougar  were  in  abundance.  Mr. 
Lagers  labored  faithfully  in  improving  his  farm,  made 
ties  and  other  timber  products  and  now  he  has  a  fine 
house,  good  barn,  and  the  place  is  in  excellent  shape, 
being  increased  by  a  purchase  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  acres.  He  raises  abundant  crops  and  his  soil 
is  of  the  very  best. 

It  was  in  1883  that  Mr.  Lagers  sought  a  wife  and 
married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  James  and  Louisa 
J.  Cook,  natives  of  Tennessee,  who  came  west  in  1887, 
locating  in  Kootenai  county.  They  remained  until 


1901,  then  sold  and  returned  to  Missouri,  where  they 
now  live.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lagers  three  children 
have  been  born :  Abbie  K.,  James  I.  and  William  E. 
Mr.  Lagers  is  one  of  the  school  board  and  has  been 
for  eleven  years,  being  clerk  now.  He  is  one  of  the 
reliable  and  substantial  men,  and  is  deservedly  classed 
as  one  of  the  leading  builders  of  the  county. 


ROSS  DINGMAN.  Practically  the  entire  life  of 
Mr.  Dingman  has  been  spent  in  Kootenai  county,  al- 
though he  looks  to  Nebraska  as  his  native  place.  He 
is  a  citizen  and  product  of  the  county,  in  whom  pride 
may  be  taken  for  his  careful  and  faithful  industry 
and  because  of  his  real  worth,  having  the  confidence 
and  good  will  of  all.  On  October  31,  1872,  Mr.  Ding- 
man was  born  in  Phelps  county,  Nebraska,  being  the 
son  of  A.  H.  and  Ellen  (Graham)  Dingman,  natives 
of  Kansas,  who  came  west  with  their  young  son  in 
1877.  The  Palouse  country  was  their  dwelling  place 
for  three  years  and  then  a  removal  was  made  to  Koot- 
enai county,  in  which  place  Ross  received  his  school- 
ing. Later  the  parents  removed  to  Glendale,  Oregon, 
where  they  still  live.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  our  sub- 
ject started  in  the  labors  of  life  on  his  own  responsi- 
bility, working  for  wages  until  1897,  when  he  took 
a  homestead  where  he  now  lives,  seven  miles  east  from 
Rathdrum.  He  has  forty  acres  producing  crops,  con- 
siderable hay  land,  and  has  about  seven  hundred 
thousand  feet  of  saw  timber.  Also,  Mr.  Dingman  has 
fifteen  head  of  cattle,  some  horses  and  devotes  con- 
siderable time  to  raising  stock.  He  also  raises  many 
vegetables  and  sells  in  the  markets.  He  is  one  of  the 
well-to-do  young  men  of  the  community  and  has  made 
a  fine  showing  in  his  labors.  He  is  an  active  worker  in 
the  political  realm,  being  allied  with  the  Republican 
party  and  he  also  is  interested  in  those  measures  that 
are  for  general  advancement  and  development. 

Mr.  Dingman  has  six  brothers  and  three  sisters, 
named  as  follows:  Charley,  George,  William,  Frank- 
lin, Harvy,  Clifford,  Nelfie,  wife  of  James  Colman, 
living  at  Hayden  lake,  Minnie  and  Ruby.  Mr.  Ding- 
man is  a  young  man  of  great  promise  and  his  steady 
course,  his  industry,  and  his  integrity  have  given  him 
a  fine  prestige. 


BRICE  COLMAN.  The  subsequent  paragraphs 
will  suffice  to  show  the  real  grit,  courage,  reliability, 
and  intrinsic  worth  of  the  estimable  gentleman  of 
whom  we  now  have  the  pleasure  of  speaking,  and 
therefore  we  will  at  once  enter  upon  the  detail  of  his 
life,  which  has  been  an  exemplification  of  priceless 
virtues.  Mr.  Colman  is  a  native  of  Roane  county, 
Tennessee,  being  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (John- 
son) Colman,  natives  respectively  of  Tennessee  and 
North  Carolina.  April  17,  1845,  was  the  happy  day 
when  this  son  was  born  to  the  above  named  parents, 
being  one  of  seven  children,  four  boys  and  three  girls. 
The  parents  located  in  Roane  county,  where  the  father 
gave  attention  to  boating  and  there  they  remained  un- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


til  the  time  of  their  death,  being  buried  in  Point 
Rock  cemetery  there.  Our  subject  was  denied  the 
privilege  of  attending  school,  but  his  perseverance  led 
him  to  learn  to  read  and  write  after  he 
was  married.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  his  young 
blood  was  stirred  up  to  join  the  army  and 
fight  for  the  stars  and  stripes,  and  he  nobly 
did  the  part  of  a  valiant  soldier  for  the  en- 
tire period  of  hostilities.  He  was  in  the  Second  Ten- 
nessee, under  Captain  Amos  Marney.  He  fought  in 
the  battles  of  West  Cross  Roads,  Pauls  River,  Rogers- 
ville  and  November,  1863,  he  was  taken  prisoner, 
when  began  the  terrible  suffering  that  has  never  been 
fully  told  out,  which  many  of  the  Union  soldiers 
endured.  He  was  taken  to  Bell  Island,  Virginia, 
and  there  languished  in  the  war  prison  from  November 
ii  to  March  12,  following,  then  he  was  placed  in 
Andersonville,  Georgia,  and  in  September  he  was  taken 
thence  to  Florence,  South  Carolina,  and  there  on 


authorities.  As  Mr.  Colman  says,  when  he  stood  a 
free  man  again  and  looked  back  over  that  horrible 
time  of  bondage,  he  was  too  happy  to  speak,  in  fact, 
it  was  the  happiest  moment  of  his  life.  He  went  to 
Knoxville,  thence  to  Nashville  and  then,  on  May  22, 

1865,  he  was   mustered  out   with   a  very   creditable 
military   record.     Mr.   Colman   is   a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  Lawton  Post  No.  29. 

He  farmed  in  Tennessee  until  1870,  then  went  to 
Anderson  county,  Kansas,  remaining  there  until  1883. 
There,  in  1882,  Mrs.  Colman  died  and  she  is  buried  in 
Springfield  cemetery.  Anderson  county.  In  1883  Mr. 
Colman  came  to  Portland,  and  in  October  to  Kootenai 
county.  The  winter  was  spent  in  hunting  deer  and 
the  following  summer  in  logging.  He  then  returned 
to  Kansas  on  a  visit,  remaining  nine  months,  then  came 
to  Kootenai  county  and  went  to  work  in  a  saw  mill, 
where  his  hand  was  cut  off  on  July  12,  1887.  This 
sad  accident  caused  his  retirment  from  work  for  one 
year.  Returning  then  to  the  mill  he  was  night  watch- 
man for  seven  years.  In  1892,  he  took  his  present 
homestead,  seven  miles  east  from  Rathdrum,  and  he 
has  improved  it  in  fine  shape,  having  good  house,  barn 
and  other  buildings.  He  has  some  stock  and  a  good 
orchard. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Colman  and  Miss  Eliza  L., 
daughter  of  G.  W.  and  Biddie  (Galliam)  Johnson, 
natives  of  Tennessee,  who  came  to  Kansas  in  1870, 
where  they  died,  was  solemnized  on  November  n, 

1866.  To"  this  happy  union  there  were  five  children 
born :  William  F.,  single ;  James  A.,  married  to  Nellie 
Dingman,  in  this  county:  M.  E.,  married  to  Minnie 
Rhodes,  in  Rathdrum ;  Mary  T-,  wife  of  Charles  Ding- 
man, in  this  county;  Fred,  single.  Also  Mr.  Colman 
raised  his  niece,  Josie  Williams,  whom  he  took  upon 
the  death  of  her  mother,  in  1891,  and  she  is  now  keep- 
ing house  for  him  and  teaching  school.     Politically, 
Mr.  Colman  is  an  active  Republican  and  he  is  highly 
esteemed   by   all.      He   has   been   school    director    for 
eight  years  'in  his  district.     Mr.  Colman  affiliates  with 
the    Baptist    church    and    exemplifies    the    virtues    of 
Christianity  in  his  daily  life. 


SAMUEL  F.  RHODES.  This  well  known  man 
has  been  an  active  laborer  for  the  development  of 
Kootenai  county  for  a  good  many  years,  and  is  con- 
sidered one  of  its  substantial  and  capable  citizens. 
Samuel  F.  was  born  in  Gentry  county,  Missouri,  on 
September  14,  1848,  being  the  son  of  William  C.  and 
Emily  (Ball)  Rhodes,  natives,  respectively,  of  North 
Carolina  and  Virginia.  They  settled  in  Gentry  coun- 
ty, where  the  father  died  in  1859,  being  buried  in 
Howel  cemetery,  while  the  mother  still  lives  in  that 
county.  Samuel  received  a  common  schooling,  and 
in  1865  drove  a  freight  team  of  six  yoke  of  oxen  to 
Fort  Union,  Mexico,  for  the  government,  then  re- 
turned to  Kansas  City  and  went  home,  where  he  la- 
bored for  his  father  for  three  years.  He  operated  a 
threshing  machine,  then  went  to  Texas  in  1868  and  at 
Denton,  burned  a  kiln  of  one  hundred  thousand 
bricks,  which  he  sold  for  ten  dollars  per  thousand. 
.He  went  to  San  Antonio,  sold  his  outfit,  then  hired  t 
drive  cattle,  assisting  to  take  < 
to  Kansas.  He  returned  home 
tied  down  to  farming.  Later  J 
third  interest  in  z 
twelve  years.  It 


1  head 

jot  married,  and  set- 
Ir.  Rhodes  bought  a 
'  mill,   which  he  operated  for 
'"     that  he  cam 


ted  to  cut  nine  hundred  cords  of  wood  for  the 
Northern  Pacific,  and  then  removed  to  Fish  Lake  to 
get  school  opportunities  for  his  children.  He  worked 
the  next  summer  for  O.  A.  Dodge  in  the  saw  mill, 
then  cut  ties,  and  in  1888  he  took  his  present  place, 
seven  miles  east  from  Rathdrum.  He  devotes  his  at- 
tention to  general  farming,  raising  stock  and  hand- 
ling timber  products. 

In  1873  Mr.  Rhodes  married  Miss  Emma,  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Ellen  (Compton)  Steel,  natives  of 
Virginia,  who  came  to  Albany,  Missouri,  in  the  time 
of  the  war,  and  there  remained  until  their  death.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rhodes  there  have  been  born  six 
children:  Minnie,  wife  of  M.  E.  Colman,  living  in 
Rathdrum;  Leonia,  wife  of  Dave  Masterson,  in'  this 
county;  Ethel,  in  Leter,  Chester  and  Ruby.  Air. 
Rhodes  is  active  in  local  politics,  and  he  has  been 
school  director  since  the  commencement  of  the  school, 
and  was  elected  again  in  the  spring  of  1902  for  three 
years  more.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  church  and  stand  well  in  the  community. 


TELL  HUGUENIN.  It  is  only  necessary  to 
point  to  the  farm  buildings,  the  large  herds  of  stock, 
the  industrial  plant,  the  general  farming  business  of 
the  gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  sketch,  and 
note  that  they  were  all  gotten  by  his  thrift}-  labor  in 
this  section,  to  convince  one  "of  the  stability  and 
stanch  character  of  Mr.  Huguenin.  He  is  one  of 
tlie  leading  men  of  this  portion  of  the  county,  and  is 
highly  respected,  and  is  one  of  the  real  builders  of 
the  county.  Mr.  Huguenin  was  born  in  Neuchatel, 
Switzerland,  on  Tanuary  9,  1857,  being  the  son  of 
Sylvain  and  Hortianse  (Barbazat)  Huguenin,  natives 
of  Switzerland,  where  the  father  died  in  1874,  and  the 
mother  still  lives,  aged  ninety-two.  Our  subject  was 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  land  and 
then  went  to  working  in  the  watch  factories.  His 
father  kept  dairy  cows  and  later  he  assisted  in  the 
work.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  rented  land  and 
farmed  it  for  eleven  years  and  then  came  to  this 
country.  He  chopped  wood  in  Coetir  d'Alene  for 
four  years  and  then  bought  eighty  acres,  where  he 
now  lives,  six  miles  east  from  Rathdrum.  In  190.2 
he  bought  ninety-acres  more.  He  has  built  a  fine 
eight-room  house,  a  large  barn,  thirty-five  by  one 
hundred  feet,  and  has  improved  generally  in  a  very 
becoming  manner.  Our  subject  owns  eighty-five 
head  of  cattle,  about  fifty  of  which  are  milch  cows. 
He  manufactures  about  five  tons  of  excellent  cheese 

In  1878  Mr.  Huguenin  married  Miss  Elisa,  daugh- 
ter of  Francis  and  Felicie  (Allen)  Jeannerett,  natives 
of  Switzerland.  The  mother  died  in  1899  and  the 
father  still  lives  in  the  native  land.  To  our  subject 
and  his  excellent  wife  there  have  been  born  the  follow- 
ing named  children:  Therese;  Herman,  in  the  Col- 
ville  valley,  Washington;  Ida,  in  Lewiston ;  Alice, 
attending  school  in  Seattle ;  Edward,  Alfred,  Francois, 
William,  Marc  and  Martha.  Mr.  Huguenin  and  his 
family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church.  We 
wish 'to  add  that  when  Mr.  Huguenin  came  to  his 
present  place  he  was  in  debt  and  had  one  cow.  His 
excellent  holdings  a:  the  present  time  are  the  result 
of  his  faithful  and  wisely  bestowed  labors.  He  has 
the  finest  place  anywhere  in  the  vicinity,  and  he  has 
reason  to  be  proud'  of  the  worthy  results  that  he  has 
achieved. 


WELLINGTON  F.  SHARAI.  The  plain  facts 
of  the  career  of  the  subject  of  this  article  will  speak 
more  emphatically  than  words  of  encomium  and  we 
regret  that  space  forbids  greater  detail  in  their  re- 
counting. 

Wellington  F.  Sharai  was  born  in  Berrien  county, 
Michigan,  on  January  9,  1845,  being  the  son  of  Peter 
and  Eliza  Sharai,  natives  of  Michigan.  They  were 
the  parents  of  five  children :  Dileo,  deceased ;  Welling- 
ton, the  subject  of  this  sketch;  Eliza,  wife  of  John 
Crowder,  in  Spokane,  Washington;  Eugene,  in  Wei- 
ser,  Idaho;  Emma,  wife  of  E.  J.  Hart,  in  Michigan. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  distant  relative  of 
Robert  Burns,  the  poet.  Our  subject  received  but  lit- 
tle opportunity  for  education  but  improved  well  the 
amount  he  had.  When  seventeen  he  enlisted  in  the 
First  Colorado  Volunteer  Infantry  under  Colonel 
Slough  and  Captain  Sophies.  He  fought  in  New 
Mexico  in  Patchin  Canyon  and  also  in  other  fierce 
conflicts  near.  His  command  was  ordered  to  meet 
General  Canby  and  they  encountered  the  Texans  en- 
route  but  after  a  fierce  battle  all  day  the  enemy  retired 
in  the  night.  In  1863  the  Indians  broke  out  and  he 
was  detailed  to  fight  them.  In  1864  a  great  battle  was 
fought  with  them,  five  hundred  of  the  redskins  be- 
ing killed.  This  was  at  Fort  Lyons,  Colorado.  Be- 
ing honorably  discharged,  Mr.  Sharai  went  to  the 
mountains  with  Dave  Brinson  and  hunted.  He  sup- 


plied the  markets  in  Denver  and  other  places  for  one 
year.  Then  he  mined  at  Lead  City  and  in  1867 
journeyed  to  Green  river,  after  which  he  went  hunt- 
ing again  ;  such  was  the  stirring  life  of  those  days.  In 
1870  the  Indian  war  broke  out  and  he  and  his  brother 
discovered  a  number  of  Indians  driving  off  a  band  of 
stock  and  they  had  a  pitched  battle ;  many  shots  were 
fired  and  one'  Indian  was  killed,  but  the  balance  de- 
parted. Mr.  Sharai  went  to  the  Black  Hills  in  1871 
but  returned  again  to  the  Cheyenne  country.  Hunting 
and  fighting  thieving  Indians  occupied  him  for  a  time, 
then  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills  again  and  there 
killed  twenty-three  elk  in  one  day.  Thence  he  went 
to  the  Union  Pacific  railroad  and  killed  eleven  hundred 
buffaloes,  one  car  load  netting  him  nine  hundred  dol- 
lars. One  afternoon  he  fired  two  hundred  and  fifty 
shots  and  killed  sixty-nine  buffaloes,  sixty  of  which  fell 
on  two  acres  of  ground.  He  later  killed  eleven  hun- 
dred moose  in  five  months  in  Colorado,  and  slew  sixty 
buffalo  bulls  and  ten  cows  in  one  day.  Then  he  re- 
turned to  Michigan  and  farmed  on  the  old  homestead 
for  about  three  years,  the  father  going  to  Oregon. 
In  1878  he  came 'west,  having  but  twenty  dollars,  so 
was  compelled  to  foot  it  across  Nebraska.  He  fell 
in  with  a  teamster  going  to  the  Black  Hills  and  there 
worked  in  the  mines.  While  in  Michigan  Mr.  Sharai 
had  begun  preaching  the  gospel  and  when  he  went  to 
the  Black  Hills  this  last  time  he  soon  settled  on  a  farm 
and  all  the  time  there  he  preached  the  gospel.  In 
1888  he  was  in  Spokane  and  preached  for  one  winter. 
In  the  spring  he  went  prospecting  and  discovered  the 
Silver  Mountain  ledge  mines.  A  company  was 
formed  and  Mr.  Sharai  was  chosen  superintendent 
and  work  progressed  until  1899.  Then  the  company 
refused  to  spend  more  money,  having  laid  out  twenty- 
nine  thousand  dollars  and  Mr.  Sharai  located  the 
ground  in  1892,  now  owning  the  entire  property.  Mr. 
Sharai  owns  fifty-four  acres  near  Hope  and  has  some 
fine  fruit.  He  divides  his  time  between  the  fruit 
ranch,  mining  and  preaching.  His  residence  is  in 
the  town  of  Hope.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican  and 

phies  of  the  chase  of  this  real  nimrod  is  about  as  fol- 
lows :  Deer,  antelope  and  mountain  sheep,  four 
thousand,  two  hundred;  buffaloes,  two  thousand,  six 
hundred ;  elk,  seventy-two  ;  bear,  thirteen  ;  Indians,  one. 
These  are  what  the  trusty  rifle  of  this  famous  hunter 
and  intrepid  figfiter  has  brought  down.  It  is  a  force- 
ful reminder  of  the  mercy  of  the  man  that  in  as  many 
hard  places  with  the  redskins  as  he  has  been,  he  has  re- 
frained from  slaying  them,  but  only  once  did  he  cause 
one  of  the  savages  to  bite  the  dust.  Mr.  Sharai  is  a 
man  of  great  executive  force,  keen  business  ability, 
sterling  integrity  and  his  friends  are  numbered  from 
every  walk  and  every  quarter.  He  is  the  recipient  of 
the  good  will  of  all  and  is  one  of  the  noted  men  of  the 
county. 


CLEMENT  B.  KING.  Six  miles  north  from 
Coeur  d'Alene,  on  the  banks  of  Hayden  lake,  lies  the 
estate  of  Mr.  King.  It  it  without  doubt  one  of  the 


WELLINGTON  F.  SHARAI. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


finest  places  in  the  entire  count}'  of  Kootenai.  He 
owns  eighteen  hundred  acres  of  land,  a  beautiful  house 
of  nine  rooms,  which  is  of  modern  architectural  de- 
sign, heated  with  furnace,  having  two  bath  rooms, 
and  is  supplied  with  hot  and  cold  water  to  all  parts. 
He  has  stone  buildings  for  out  houses,  and  commo- 
dious barns,  that  cost  a  number  of  thousand  dollars, 
and  the  establishment  is  an  ideal  home,  having  alt 
the  comforts  of  the  city  and  the  retirement  of  the 
rural  abode.  Mr.  King  has  exemplified  his  taste,  his 
sagacity  and  his  ability  here,  and  altogether  he  is  one 
of  the  prominent  men  of  the  county,  being  a  leader  in 
the  Republican  party,  and  also  one  of  the  oldest  pio- 
neers to  the  section  west  of  the  Rockies. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  in  detail  the  life's 
history  of  this  worthy  man,  who,  as  President  Roose- 
velt remarks,  "Has  done  things."  He  was  born  in 
Lee  county,  Iowa,  on  March  16,  1843,  being  the 
son  of  David  and  Mary  (Hir.kle)  King,  natives  of 
Delaware  and  Ohio,  respectively.  They  crossed  the 
dreary  and  dangerous  plains  with  their  little  flock 
in  1853,  using  ox  teams.  The  father  made  settlement 
in  Corvallis,  Oregon,  and  there  labored  until  the 
time  of  his  death,  in  1890.  He  had  been  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  that  section  and  had  retired  on  his  well 
earned  competence  for  a  number  of  years  prior  to  his 
death.  The  mother  still  lives  in  Corvallis,  aged 
seventy-nine. 

Clement  B.  was  educated  in  the  district  schools 
of  his  western  home  and  in  1862,  being  nineteen,  went 
to  the  gold  strike  in  Florence.  He  secured  some  gold 
and  went  back  to  Oregon,  then  we  find  him  at  Ya- 
quina  Bay,  then  in  Walla  Walla,  and  later  in  Elk  City. 
He  operated  a  dairy  in  Elk  City  and  did  well,  then 
brought  his  stock  to  Walla  Walla.  He  went  the  next 
year  to  Bear  Gulch  near  Missoula,  across  the  Bitter 
Root  mountains.  After  some  time  with  his  dairy 
he  sold  out  and  came  via  the  Mullan  road  to  Walla 
Walla.  Then  he  got  married  and  went  to  the  old 
home  in  Corvallis.  Returning  to  Union  flat  in  Whit- 
man county,  he  located  in  the  stock  business.  He  and 
T.  J.  Smith  have  the  distinction  of  locating  the  land 
where  Colfax  stands,  but  later  they  gave  it  up.  When 
Colfax  started  to  be  a  town  Mr.  King  opened  a  drug 
store  and  a  livery  stable.  He  secured  the  contract  of 
carrying  the  mail  to  Colville,  Coeur  d'Alene  .and  so 
forth,  and  then  located  a  large  livery  in  Spokane. 
Four  years  he  continued  in  these  stirring  lines,  then 
sold  the  entire  properties  and  in  company  with  James 
Monaghan  bought  the  traders'  stores  at  Forts  Coeur 
d'Alene  and  Spokane.  Four  years  were  spent  in  this 
and  then  Mr.  King  put  the  first  steamers  on  Lake 
Coeur  d'Alene.  He  netted  in  this  as  high  as  three 
hundred  dollars  per  day.  In  1886  he  sold  out  and  re- 
moved to  Spokane,  and  with  James  Monaghan  he 
later  took  a  contract  to  furnish  all  the  ties  on  the 
San  Francisco  &  Northern,  from  Spokane  to  Colum- 
bia river.  From  1881  to  1886  Mr.  King  bought  his 
present  elegant  estate,  and  in  1889  he  built  his  lovely 
home.  Mr.  King  is  giving  his  attention  to  raising 
fine  horses,  having  two  excellent  stallions,  one  a 


draught  animal  and  the  other  a  trotter.  He  has  nearly 
fifty  head  of  fine  horses. 

In  1867  Mr.  King  married  Miss  Mary  Cox,  and 
to  them  were  born  two  children :  Homer  B.,  married 
and  living  in  Coeur  d'Alene;  Jennie,  living  with  her 
parents.  In  1878  Mrs.  King  died.  In  1880  Mr.  King 
married  Belle  Wimpy,  daughter  of  Major  and  Lidia 
Wimpy,  natives  of  North  Carolina,  and  they  have 
one  child. 

Air.  King  is  a  strong  man  in  the  Republican  ranks 
and  is  active  at  all  times  for  the  interests  of  his  party. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Elks,  Spokane  Lodge,  No.  228, 
being  one  of  the  oldest  in  this  section. 


NICHOLAS  HITE.  This  veteran  of  many  bat- 
tles for  his  country,  as  well  as  the  victorious  cham- 
pion in  many  struggles  on  the  arena  of  life's  con- 
flicts, is  a  deserving  man,  upright  and  faithful  in  his 
labors  and  in  his  demeanor  toward  all  has  so  displayed 
the  rich  virtues  of  a  Christian  life  that  he  has  won 
friends  from  all  classes  and  parties  and  is  admired 
universally  by  those  who  know  him. 

Nicholas  Hite  was  born  in  Bedford,  Pennsylvania, 
on  July  5,  1837,  being  the  son  of  David  and  Margret 
(Stevens)  Hite,  natives  also  of  the  Keystone  state. 
They  removed  to  Benton,  Iowa,  in  1848,'  where  they 
engaged  in  farming  until  the  time  of  their  deaths'. 
The  father's  time  came  in  1868,  and  the  mother  passed 
away  in  1892,  both  being  buried  in  Benton.  The 
children  of  this  worthy  couple  were  six  boys  and 
six  girls,  all  of  whom  are  married  and  living'.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  re- 
mained with  his  father  until  twenty-one.  Then  he 
rented  a  farm  for  himself  and  when  the  war  broke  out 
he  patriotically  pressed  into  service,  enlisting  in  the 
Twenty-eighth  Iowa  Infantry,  under  Captain  S.  P. 
Vennata.  At  Iowa  City  they  went  into  camp,  and 
after  a  time  at  Davenport  went  to  Helena,  Arkansas,  to 
cut  off  Price's  retreat  from  Holly  Springs.  They  made 
different  expeditions  in  Arkansas  and  Mr.  Hite  was 
taken  severely  with  rheumatism.  He  was  so  sick  that 
he  was  unconscious  for  two  weeks,  and  his  entire  body 
was  wrapped  in  cotton  batting,  and  this  was  saturated 
with  turpentine,  which  blistered  him  from  head  to 
foot.  He  suffered  terrible  agony.  When  better,  he 
was  transferred  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  when  well 
enough  was  set  as  night  watch,  but  being  unable  to 
sleep  in  the  day  time  he  was  soon  in  the  hospital  again. 
Later  he  rejoined  his  regiment  in  Algeirs  and  Berwick 
City.  Later  under  General  Banks  he  fought  on  the 
Red  river  for  two  days,  and  they  were  obliged  to  re- 
treat, covering  themselves  in  rifle  pits  and  damming 
the  river  to  let  their  boats  down.  He  fought  in  many 
engagements  there  and  then  was  transferred  to  Wash- 
ington. The  ship  was  out  of  water  on  the  gulf  and 
much  suffering  was  the  result.  They  were  soon  in 
Shenandoah,  however,  and  participated  in  the  battle 
near  Winchester,  also  in  many  skirmishes  and  con- 
tests in  that  region.  He  was  later  attacked  with  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


rheumatism  and  was  sent  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  and  on 
May  3,  1865,  he  was  honorably  discharged.  He  re- 
turned home  and  settled  there'  until  1886,  when  he 
came  to  the  west.  A  short  stay  was  made  in  Spo- 
kane, and  then  he  was  looking  in  Kootenai  county 
until  he  found  his  present  home  place,  which  he  took 
as  a  homestead.  It  lies  one  and  one-half  miles  east 
from  Hauser  and  consists  of  eighty  acres,  which  is 
well  improved.  He  has  a  good  orchard  and  buildings 
and  handles  some  stock. 

It  was  in  1871  that  Mr.  Hite  married  Mrs.  Nancy 
Simmons,  widow  of  James  Simmons  and  daughter  of 
J.  D.  McLaughlin,  a  native  of  Indiana.  To  this  union 
were  born  six  children:  Nettie  M.,  wife  of  William 
Wylie,  in  British  Columbia;  Dora,  wife  of  Austin 
Denney,  in  Davenport,  Washington ;  Arthur  P.,  Will- 
iam T.,  Elmer,  Robert  C.  Mr.  Hite  is  a  Prohibition- 
ist in  politics  and  has  been  the  nominee  of  his  party 
for  county  commissioner  and  assessor  in  1898  and 
1900.  He  has  been  road  commissioner  for  three  years. 
Mr.  Hite  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  G.  A.  R., 
and  the  Methodist  church.  He  is  passing  the  golden 
years  of  his  life  in  the  quiet  enjoyment  of  his  portion 
with  the  assurance  that  in  time  of  war  he  was  among 
the  first  and  foremost  to  fight  for  the  banner  of  free- 
dom and  has  always  held  the  esteem  and  good  will 
of  all  who  have  known  him  in  the  walks  of  life. 


GEORGE  E.  COLEMAN  We  now  have  the 
pleasure  of  recounting  the  salient  points  in  the  career 
of  one  of  Kootenai  county's  substantial  and  leading 
young  farmers  and  stock  men.  He  lives  one-fourth 
of  a  mile  north  from  Hauser  on  a  fine  estate  of  two 
hundred  and  eighty  acres  of  land,  which  his  skill  and 
husbandry  have  made  well  improved  and  productive 
of  fine  crops. 

Mr.  Coleman  was  born  in  Williams  county,  Ohio, 
on  September  19,  1865,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Lena  (Cassle)  Coleman,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  Af- 
ter their  marriage  they  came  to  Williams  county, 
Ohio,  and  seventeen  years  later  they  removed  to  Rich- 
land  county,  in  the  Buckeye  state,  where  the  father 
died  in  1900;  but  the  mother  still  lives  there.  The 
move  to  Richland  county  occurred  when  George  was 
six  years  of  age.  He  therefore  got  his  education  in 
the  latter  county,  going  to  school  in  the  winter  and 
working  on  the  farm  with  his  father  in  the  summer. 
He  also  attended  the  Savannah  Academy  for  a  couple 
of  terms.  Subsequent  to  that  Mr.  Coleman  married, 
and  rented  a  farm  for  five  years,  then  he  sold  out  and 
came  west  to  Hauser.  He  rented  a  farm,  bought  some 
cows  and  went  to  shipping  milk.  He  sold  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  mines.  He  was  very  successful  in  his  labor, 
and  soon  he  bought  his  present  pl-ace,  a  nice  large 
farm.  It  is  all  fenced  and  in  1900  he  built  a  new 
comfortable  dwelling,  and  he  has  all  necessary  out- 
buildings for  the  use  of  the  farm.  Mr.  Coleman  has 
thirty  head  of  cattle  and  some  horses.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  thorough  farmers  of  the  community  and  does 


a  dairying  business  in  addition  to  his  general  farming 
and  raising  stock. 

In  1885  Mr.  Coleman  married  Miss  Carrie,  daugh- 
ter of  J.  H.  and  Jennie  (Fleming)  Freeborn,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania.  They  removed  to  San  Diego,  Cali- 
fornia, and  live  there  now.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole- 
man there  have  been  born  five  children:  Trell  H., 
Jennie  M.,  Harry  E.,  Florence  B.  and  Clifford.  Mrs. 
Coleman  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church.  • 


WILLIAM  C.  T.  PRICE.  There  is  no  doubt  in 
one's  mind  when  he  notes  the  hardships  and  depriva- 
tions sustained  by  the  subject  of  this  article,  with  the 
arduous  labors  and  the  determined  effort  put  forth 
to  develop  the  country,  that  he  is  a  pioneer  in 
true  sense  of  the  word  and  deserves  a  prominent 
place  in  the  list  of  real  builders  of  Kootenai  as 
well  as  other  counties  in  the  Inland  Empire.  Will- 
iam was  born  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  on  November 
3,  1846,  being  the  son  of  Reuben  and  Sarah  (Ousley) 
Price,  natives  of  England  and  Indiana,  respectively. 
The  father  came  to  America  in  his  childhood  days, 
being  eight  years  old.  In  Indiana  he  met  his  wife 
and  married,  remaining  there  until  1849.  Then  came 
a  move  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  where  the  family  home 
was  until  1853,  when  they  took  up  the  weary  and  dan- 
gerous pilgrimage  across  the  plains  to  Linn  county, 
Oregon.  One  year  later  they  went  to  Douglas  county, 
and  eight  years  afterward  were  in  Marion  county, 
whence  in  the  spring  of  1872  they  came  to  the  Palouse 
country,  then  in  Nez  Perces  county.  The  mother 
<tied  at  Farmington,  Washington,  in  1886,  being  bur- 
ied there.  The  father  still  lives  in  Tacotna,'  aged 
ninety.  Our  subject  received  eighteen  months  of 
schooling  in  Des  Moines  and  three  months  in  Oregon. 
The  rest  of  his  life  has  been  filled  with  hard  labors. 
His  parents  were  poor  and  he  was  a  right  hand  help 
to  his  father.  He  made  the  various  moves  with  the 
parents  until  he  was  twenty-two,  and  then  he  took  a 
homestead.  He  improved,  gained  title,  put  out  or- 
chard and  so  forth,  and  sold  it  and  went  to  California. 
He  returned  to  Oregon  in  1871  and  there  married 
and  moved  to  the  Palouse  country.  He  had  a  very 
hard  time  there  for  a  number  of  years,  having  such 
close  contact  with  the  wolf  that  at  times  the  potatoes 
were  eaten  without  salt.  All  provisions  had  to  be 
gotten  from  Walla  Walla,  and  the  trip  was  hard  and 
dangerous  over  the  swollen  rivers.  He  went  once 
when  he  had  no  wood  to  make  a  camp  fire,  but  brought 
an  old  box  to  start  the  green  willows.  They  failed, 
and  for  thirty  miles  they  were  without  fire  and  water. 
It  took  them  with  a  crippled  horse  two  days  and  one 
night  to  make  the  distance  to  get  wood,  water  and 
food,  and  this  was  in  the  winter.  After  four  or  five 
years  of  this  starving,  he  went  back  to  Oregon  for 
two  years,  and  then  went  to  Whitman  county,  Wash- 
ington. For  twelve  years  he  wrought  at  the  carpen- 
ter's bench,  and  then  came  to  Kootenai  county.  He 
rents  nine  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land,  five  hun- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


dred  being  under  cultivation,  and  has  about  forty  head 
of  cattle.  Recently  he  has  taken  a  homestead  six 
miles  south  from  Seneaguoteen,  where  his  home  will 
be  in  the  future.  He  will  operate  the  large  farm  for 
one  year  more,  and  then  devote  his  entire  time  to 
the  raising  of  stock. 

In  1871  Air.  Price  married  Miss  Harriet  J.,  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  and  Harriet  (Downing)  King,  natives 
of  Ohio  and  Iowa,  respectively.  The  mother  died  in 
1859,  and  the  father  still  lives  in  VVenatchee,  Wash- 
ington. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Price  there  have  been  born 
ten  children:  Ethel  M.,  wife  of  George  Peach,  in 
Island  City,  Oregon;  Edith  W.,  wife  of  Thomas  Tor- 
pey,  in  this  county;  Elva  L.,  deceased,  September  30, 
1888;  George  N.';  Loney  W.;  Lester  W.,  died  No- 
vember 20,  1883;  Herbert  T. ;  Mettie  M. ;  Clara  T. ; 
and  Bennie  E.  Mr.  Price  and  his  family  adhere  to  the 
Seventh  Day  Adventist  faith. 


JOHN  F.  SCHROEDER.  As  the  members  of  his 
race  generally,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  gained 
distinction  as  a  soldier.  And  although  America  is 
his  foster  land,  he  has  shown  his  love  of  country  by 
an  exceptionally  long  service  in  the  ranks  of  the  boys 
in  blue,  wherein  he  has  evinced  qualities  of  great 
worth,  and  has  made  an  indellible  record  of  great 
credit  to  himself. 

John  F.  was  born  in  Bremen,  Germany,  on  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Dedrick  and  Adaline 
(Myers)  Schroeder,  natives  of  Germany,  who  came 
to  America  in  the  sixties  and  settled  for  a  time  in 
Kentucky,  and  then  returned  to  the  "fatherland."  John 
F.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  what  time  he 
was  not  hard  at  work  for  his  father.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  came  to  America  and  settled  with  an  uncle 
in  Louisville,  Kentucky.  In  1875  he  enlisted  in  the 
regular  army,  and  served  sixteen  years  and  three 
months,  or  until  1893.  During  his  long  period  of  serv- 
ice he  was  in  many  hard  places  and  always  showed  him- 
self made  of  the  true  stuff  that  wins  in  the  soldier.  He 
fought  the  Indians  on  the  north  fork  of  the  Powder 
river,  and  continued  to  have  skirmishes  for  several 
years.  In  1878  he  was  in  a  battle  with  the  Cheyennes 
it.  Kansas,  being  under  General  MacKenzie,  Colonel 
Louis,  and  General  Crooks.  The  Colonel  was  killed. 
Thence  they  went  to  Texas,  his  company  having  what 
is  called  a  roving  commission.  They  had  several  en- 
counters with  outlaws  and  horse  thieves,  went  to 
Oklahoma  and  kept  the  boomers  out  of  the  territory. 
He  then  took  his  discharge  and  entered  business  in 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  for  eight  months,  and  in  1881 
enlisted  in  the  Second  Cavalry.  He  was  ordered  to 
Montana  and  thence  to  Washington,  where  he  was 
chief  packer  until  1887.  He  was  then  sent  to  Ari- 
zona for  two  years,  then  honorably  discharged  and 
returned  to  Coeur  d'Alene,  where  he  served  one  year 
and  four  months  in  the  Fourth  Cavalry.  Then  he  took 
his  final  discharge  and  settled  on  his  present  place, 
nine  miles  south  from  Seneaguoteen.  He  has  a  home- 


stead of  one  hundred  and  forty  acres,  well  improved 
and  mostly  under  cultivation,  and  forty  head  of  cattle, 
besides  hogs,  poultry  and  so  forth.  He  also  owns  three 
lots  on  Sixth  avenue  in  Spokane,  Washington,  and 
some  timber  land  near  Newport,  Washington. 

In  1898  Mr.  Schroeder  married  Mary,  widow  of 
James  Kingen.  Mr.  Kingen  died  in  1882  in  Indiana. 
In  political  matters  Mr.  Schroeder  is  Republican  and 
he  has  been  road  overseer  for  three  years.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  German  Lutheran  church. 


WALLACE  P.  GREEN.  Eight  miles  north  from 
Coeur  d'Alene  is  the-  residence  of  Mr.  Green,  which 
is  one  of  the  neat  and  attractive  places  of  the  country, 
manifesting  the  skill,  taste,  and  industry  of  the  owner. 
Wallace  P.  Green  was  born  in  Dayton,  Minnesota, 
on  February  9,  1865,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Jose- 
phine M.  (Evans)  Green,  natives  of  Virginia  and 
New  York,  respectively.  The  father  came  to  Illinois 
and  then  to  Minnesota,  where  he  met  Miss  Evans  and 
married  her.  They  lived  a  few  years  in  Dayton  and 
then  went  to  Ano'ka  county,  seven  miles  from  Elk 
River,  where  they  lived  for  fourteen  years.  Another 
move  was  made,  this  time  to  Wright  county,  and  four 
years  later  they  came  to  Washington,  and  now  live  in 
Seattle.  To  them  were  born  the  following  children, 
besides  the  subject  of  this  sketch :  Florence,  wife  of  H. 
B.  Stevens,  in  Kellogg;  Edith,  wife  of  H.  J.  Borth- 
wick,  in  Rathclrum ;  Myrtle  E.,  Charles  S..  John  E.. 
Edgar  L.,  all  in  Seattle.' 

Wallace  P.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
in  the  various  places  where  his  parents  lived,  and 
came  west  in  1883.  He  worked  for  his  father  until 
twenty-one  years  of  age  and  then  worked  out  for 
wages  for  nine  years.  He  then  purchasd  forty  acres  . 
of  land  and  went  to  making  a  home.  He  immediately 
erected  a  good  house,  barn  and  other  improvements, 
fencing  the  land  and  in  every  way  making  it  valuable. 
He  has  twenty-five  acres  under  cultivation,  three  acres 
of  orchard  of  all  varieties,  and  he  raises  hay  and  vege- 
tables and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  of  the 
region.  Mr.  Green  is  well  contented  with  the  country 
and  is  determined  to  make  this  his  home.  In  political 
matters  Mr.  Green  is  an  adherent  of  the  Populist  party 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  politics  of  the  county 
and  state.  Mr.  Green  has  a  nice  and  comfortable  home 
and  is  prosperous,  but  he  has  never  as  yet  taken  to 
himself  a  wife,  preferring  the  quiet  of"  the  celiba- 
tarian's life  of  secure  comfort. 


WILLIAM  E.  LIBBY.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  a  practical  exemplification  of  what  energy, 
wise  management  and  industry  can  do  in  Kootenai 
county,  the  place  of  great  resources.  He  now  owns 
a  half  section  of  land,  one  and  one-fourth  miles  north 
of  Hauser,  which  is  the  family  home,  has  a  large  por- 
tion cultivated,  has  thirty  head  of  cattle,  does  a  gen- 


892 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


eral  farming  and  dairying  business,  and  is  well  to  do. 
A  short  time  since  he  came  here  without  capital  ex- 
cept his  hands  and  a  good  stout  heart  of  courage.  Ha 
has  made  all  since  that  time,  which  speaks  well  of  his 
abilites. 

William  E.  was  born  in  Evansville,  Wisconsin,  on 
August  30,  1866,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Julia 
(Ricker)  Libby,  natives  of  Maine.  They  came  to 
Evansville,  Wisconsin,  in  1851,  where  the  father  fol- 
lowed contracting  and  building.  William  E.  received 
his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  then  spent 
a  year  in  the  Methodist  Seminary.  He  then  went  to 
work  for  his  father  in  the  building  business  until 
twenty-nine,  when  he  took  up  the  butcher  business  for 
two  years.  After  this  he  came  to  Montana  and  thence 
went  to  Cranbrook,  British  Columbia.  It  was  in 
1898  that  he  came  to  Spokane,  where  one  year  was 
spent  in  carpenter  work.  Then  he  bought  "the  half 
section  where  he  now  lives  and  spent  his  energies  to 
make  a  home  and  a  place  of  value.  He  has  succeeded 
admirably.  Mr.  Libby  now  has  thirty-five  head  of 
cattle,  operates  a  good  dairy  and  also  pays  attention 
to  general  farming.  He  has  found  the  place  which 
he  believes  will  always  be  his  home,  and  he  is  fitting 
it  up  in  a  becoming  manner.  Mr.  Libby  is  a  stanch 
Republican,  and  advocates  the  principles  of  his  party 
with  wisdom  and  energy.  He  is  a  school  director  and 
at  present  is  chairman. 

In  1887  Mr.  Libby  married  Miss  Minnie  M., 
daughter  of  Louis  G.  and  Sabria  (McCoy)  Foote, 
natives  of  Evansville,  Wisconsin.  The  father  died 
when  Mrs.  Libby  was  young  but  her  mother  lives  in 
our  subject's  home  now.  To  this  worthy  couple  one 
child  has  been  born,  Ernest  G..  at  home.'  Mr.  Libby 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Rathdrum  Camp,  No. 
6843,  while  Mrs.  Libby  is  a  member  of  the  R.  N.  A., 
Evergreen  Camp,  No.  2317.  Mr.  Libby  has  always 
been  a  man  of  energy  and  has  displayed  becoming 
sagacity  and  integrity  in  his  endeavors. 


JAMES  M.  BRADLEY  is  well  known  in  northern 
Kootenai- county,  being  one  of  the  substantial  business 
men  of  Sandpoint  at  the  present  time,  where  he  con- 
ducts a  hotel  and  retail  liquor  store. 

He  was  born  in  county  Donegal,  Ireland,  on  April 
15,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Rodger  and  Mary  (Daugh- 
erty)  Bradley,  natives  of  the  same  county,"  and  there 
the  father  died  in  1880,  but  the  mother  still  lives. 
They  were  the  parents  of  five  sons :  Dennis,  deceased, 
who  was  the  father  of  two  children  ;  Barney,  deceased  ; 
Charles,  in  Portland,  Oregon;  Patrick,  in' the  United 
States  somewhere;  James  M.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  James  received  a  common  schooling  in  his 
native  place  and  when  fifteen  commenced  the  battle  of 
life  for  himself.  He  went  to  Scotland  and  worked 
in  the  iron  works  for  five  years  and  in  1877  he  came  to 
the  United  States.  His  first  location  was  at  Sea- 
beck,  Washingon,  and  there  he  fired  a  sawmill  engine 
for  two  years.  Later  he  harvested  in  Walla  Walla 


county  and  then  went  to  railroading  in  1879.  In  1883 
Mr.  Bradley  went  into  the  woods,  contracting  tim- 
bers and  in  1885  we  find  him  in  Sandpoint  in  the 
saloon  business.  In  1887  he  removed  to  Rathdrum 
but  returned  to  his  first  choice  in  1893  and  in  addition 
to  his  saloon  he  now  operates  a  good  hotel  in  Sand- 
point. 

On  December  3,  1898,  Mr.  Bradley  married  Miss 
Louise  Zenter,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Dora 
Schackender,  natives  of  Germany,  who  came  to 
America  in  1887,  locating  in  North  Dakota,  where  they 
now  live.  Mrs.  Bradley  came  to  Idaho  in  1895.  She 
has  two  children  by  her  former  marriage,  William 
and  Bertha  Zenter.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bradley  two 
children  have  been  born,  James  and  Edward.  Mr. 
Bradley  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in  1886,  serv- 
ing four  years.  Again  he  was  chosen  for  the  same 
position  in  1898.  He  is  one  of  the  councilmen  of  the 
town  and  was  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  the  village. 
Mr.  Bradley  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Panhandle 
Lodge,  No.  13,  at  Rathdrum;  also  of  the  F.  of  A., 
Pend  Oreille  Court  No.  12,  at  Sandpoint.  He  an.d 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr. 
Bradley  is  highly  respected  by  all  and  is  in  good  stand- 
ing in  the  community  where  his  worth  is  recognized. 


ANNIE  McGUIRE  is  the  widow  of  the  late 
Frank  P.  McGuire,  a  man  of  excellent  capabilities, 
and  who  accomplished  much  in  the  industries  which 
followed;  and  the  estimable  lady  mentioned  above 
comes  no  whit  behind  in  the  manipulation  of  the  affairs 
of  business  that  have  fallen  to  her  lot. 

Mrs.  McGuire  was  born  in  county  Cavan.  Ireland, 
on  May  14,  1850,  being  the  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Rose  (Riley)  Morris,  natives  of  Ireland  also.  They 
came  to  Grant  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1856,  and  three 
years  later  moved  to  Fayette  county,  Iowa,  where 
they  died,  being  buried  in  Ossian,  Iowa.  Mrs.  Mc- 
Guire was  four  years  old  when  her  eyes  first  saw 
America,  and  she  was  educated  here  in  the  various 
places  where  the  parents  lived.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
she  quit  school  and  remained  with  her  parents  until 
she  met  Mr.  McGuire.  Mr.  McGuire  is  the  son  of 
Philip  and  Bridget  (McGovern)  McGuire,  was  born  in 
Middleton,  Connecticut,  and  came  with  his  parents  to 
Iowa  when  he  was  young.  At  the  age  of  four- 
teen he  went  to  McGregor  with  his  parents,  and  there 
finished  his  education  in  the  high  school.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-six  he  met  Miss  Annie  Morris,  and  they 
were  marrried.  He  was  a  farmer  and  engineer  and 
they  removed  to  Allamakee  county,  Iowa,  and  there 
remained  three  years  and  then  came  west  in  1878.  Set- 
tlement was  first  made  in  Pataha  valley,  Columbia 
county,  Washington.  Three  or  four  years  were  spent 
there  and  then  they  came  to  Colfax,"  where  Mr.  Mc- 
Guire was  very  successful  in  the  dairy  business  until 
1890,  at  which  time  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Spokane. 
From  that  time  until  1898,  he  operated  a  dairy  adja- 
cent to  that  city,  and  his  usual  thrift,  sagacity  and 


JAMES  M.  BRADLEY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


industry  were  rewarded  with  good  success  there  also. 
In  1898  they  removed  to  their  present  location,  five 
miles  east  from  Rathdrum.  On  November  30,  1898, 
the  angel  of  death  summoned  Mr.  McGuire  from  the 
walks  of  life  and  he  was  mourned,  being  a  good  man 
and  a  kind  and  loving  father  and  husband.  He  was 
buried  in  the  Trent  cemetery.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mc- 
Guire were  born  seven  children,  as  follows:  John, 
deceased;  Frank;  Louis;  Jenny,  deceased;  William 
A.;  Thomas  P.;  and  Mary.  They  are  adherents  of 
the  Catholic  church.  Since  her  husband's  death  Mrs. 
McGuire  has  conducted  the  farm  upon  which  they 
then  lived,  it  being  rented.  In  March,  1901,  Mrs.  Mc- 
Guire bought  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land. 
They  have  ninety  acres  of  this  under  cultivation  in 
addition  to  the  quarter  that  they  rent.  Mrs.  McGuire 
has  displayed  excellent  ability  and  courage  in  handling 
the  affairs  since  her  husband's  death,  and  she  is  es- 
teemed and  respected  by  all,  which  is  justly  merited. 


JAMES  J.  FF.ELY.  This  enterprising  and  indus- 
trious young  farmer  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of 
Kootenai  county,  and  his  labors  and  management  show 
him  to  be  possessed  of  good  wisdom  and  executive 
force,  while  his  standing  is  of  the  best,  and  he  is  known 
as  a  man  of  integrity  and  sound  principles.  He  was 
born  in  Shelby  county,  Iowa,  on  September  9,  1876, 
being  the  son  of  Thomas  N.  and  Alice  M.  (Kemp) 
Feely,  natives  of  Illinois.  They  came  to  Iowa  when 
young  and  married  there.  In  1881  thy  came  west 
and  settled  in  Rockford,  Washington,  where  they  lived 
for  eight  years.  Then  they  went  to  the  Hoodoo 
valley,  purchased  the  right  of  J.  Anderson,  to  a  piece 
of  land  and  settled  on  that  for  h've  years.  That  being 
sold,  they  came  to  Rathdrum  prairie  and  rented  two 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  near  where  the  family- 
home  is  now.  This  was  tilled  with  other  land  for  two 
years  and  then  they  bought  their  present  home  place 
of  one-quarter  section,  to  which  they  have  added  forty 
acres  recently. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  immediate  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  we  note  that  he  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools,  his'  opportunities  being  very  lim- 
ited, and  the  entire  amount  of  his  education  was  re- 
ceived in  fifteen  months'  training  in  the  schools  of 
Spokane  county,  Washington.  The  parents  being 
poor  he  was  obliged  to  work  from  the  time  that  he 
was  large  enough.  This  rugged  treatment,  however, 
developed  a  solidity  and  practical  wisdom  that  have 
more  than  repaid.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  James 
started  for  himself,  and.  in  connection  with  his  brother 
Charles,  he  labored  and  soon  they  purchased  a  quar- 
ter section.  This  was  in  1896,  and  the  father  held  it 
for  the  boys  until  1898  when  it  was  turned  over  to 
them.  In  1900  they  purchased  another  quarter  and 
then  they  divided,  our  subject  taking  the  first  quar- 
ter bought  and  the  brother  the  last  one.  James  lives 
about  four  miles  southeast  from  Rathdrum.  He  has 
a  good  farm,  well  improved  and  all  under  cultivation. 


He  has  a  good  house,  barn  and  out  buildings  and  has 
done  a  commendable  work  in  the  art  of  improving 
and  developing.  He  has  a  good  orchard  of  eighteen 
different  varieties,  has  ten  cattle  and  seven  horses. 
Mr.  Feely  is  still  a  single  man,  one  of  his  sisters  keep- 
ing the  house.  He  has  six  brothers  and  four  sisters, 
named  as  follows:  Charles  W.,  Clarence  H.,  Effie 
L.,  Irvan  E.,  Grace  G.,  Ada  A.,  Corbin  T.  P.,  Austin 
L:,  Guy  R.,  Irma  G.  It  is  of  note  that  all  of  these 
are  single  and  all  live  in  this  vicinity,  their  farms  ad- 
joining. Mr.  Feely  is  a  young  man  of  great  promise 
and  he  has  labored  faithfully  in  the  substantial  prog- 
ress of  the  county  and  in  building  for  himself  a  good 
home  and  he  is  esteemed  a  good  citizen,  public  minded 
and  substantial. 


JOHN  W.  SETTLE  is  one  of  the  leading  busi- 
ness men  of  Kootenai  county,  being  located  in  Post- 
falls,  where  he  does  a  thriving  business  in  real  estate 
and  insurance,  besides  general  conveyancing  and 
notary  business.  He  is  a  man  of  good  standing,  has 
the  confidence  of  the  people  and  is  an  influential  man 
in  the  community. 

John  W.  was  born  in  Canton,  Missouri,  on  July  9. 
1867,  being  the  son  of  John  M.  and  Emily' D. 
(Downing)  Settle,  natives  respectively  of  Kentucky 
and  Missouri.  The  father  came  to  Missouri  with  his 
parents  when  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  where 
he  met  his  wife  and  married.  He  is  at  present  living 
in  Canton,  Missouri,  and  is  one  of  the  old  and  highly 
respected  citizens,  being  a  leader  in  politics,  in  busi- 
ness and  social  circles.  He  is  at  present  holding  the 
position  of  justice  of  the  peace,  which,  with  police 
judge,  he  has  held  for  sixteen  years  and  more.  He 
is  a  Democrat,  and  his  business  is  real  estate  and  in- 
surance. John  W.  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  learned  the  printer's  trade. 
When  he  was  nineteen  he  went  into  the  real  esate 
busines  with  C.  W.  Munix,  in  Labelle,  Missouri.  Two 
years  later  we  find  him  in  Bearing,  Missouri,  in  the 
same  busines  and  one  year  there  worked  on  a  news- 
paper. Returning  to  Labelle,  he  spent  one  year  there 
in  real  estate  and  insurance  business.  Then  he  dis- 
solved partnership  and  came  west  to  Spokane,  where 
he  worked  on  the  Spokesman  Review  and  on  the 
Chronicle.  This  he  continued  until  1892.  Then  a  move 
was  made  to  Spangle,  where  he  operated  the  Spangle 
Record  for  one  year.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Settle  in  Hope. 
Idaho,  where  he  worked  on  the  newspaper  until  1897, 
at  which  time  he  removed  to  Postfalls  and  opened  a 
real  estate  and  insurance  office  as  mentioned  above. 
Mr.  Settle  is  an  only  child  and  has  never  embarked 
on  the  matrimonial  sea.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics 
and  takes  a  lively  interest  in  this  realm. 


FRANK  RUSSETT.  The  labors  of  Mr.  Rus- 
sett  have  been  long  and  hard  and  he  is  deserving  of 
much  credit  for  the  faithful  manner  in  which  he  has 


i>94 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


continued  in  the  pathway  of  life,  ever  taking  hold  of 
the  development  work  to  be  done  and  performing  a 
lion's  share  of  it,  while  he  has  also  displayed  good 
principles  and  integrity.  He  was  born  in  St.  Jock, 
thirty-six  miles  north  from  Montreal,  Canada,  on 
February  2,  1820,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and  Esther 
(Lapoint)  Russett,  natives  also  of  Canada,  where  they 
remained  until  the  time  of  their  death.  The  paternal 
grandfather  was  a  native  of  France,  and  came  to 
Canada  when  young.  Frank  was  never  allowed  the 
privilege  of  schooling,  being  educated  to  the  hard 
labor  of  the  frontier  from  early  childhood.  He  con- 
tinued with  his  father  until  he  was  twenty-one  and 
then  came  to  New  York  state  and  chopped  wood  for 
fourteen  years,  receiving  three  shillings  per  cord  for 
this  hard  labor.  At  the  time  of  the  Civil  war  he 
tried  twice  to  enlist  but  on  account  of  one  crippled 
foot  he  was  refused  both  times.  In  1865  he  went  to 
Kansas,  and  two  years  later  to  Iowa,  where  he  lived 
fourteen  years.  In  1884  he  went  to  Otter  Tail  county, 
Minnesota,  and  worked  for  two  years  in  the  saw  mill 
industry.  He  then  came  to  Coeur  d'Alene,  worked 
two  years,  and  then  took  a  homestead,  where  he  now 
lives,  five  miles  north  and  one  west  from  Coeur  d'Alene. 
He  has  good  buildings,  which  he  erected  himself,  and 
his  hands  have  improved  the  farm  in  good  shape.  He 
has  a  quarter  section  and  does  a  general  farming  busi- 
ness. 

Mr.  Russett  married  when  he  was  twenty-one  and 
he  has  the  following  named  children :  Louise,  wife  of 
Fred  Lamb,  in  Iowa;  Lerose,  wife  of  Nick  Scully, 
in  Minneapolis,  Minnesota;  Jennie,  wife  of  Charles 
Henry,  in  Iowa;  John,  married  and  in  Iowa;  George, 
married  and  living  in  Iowa ;  and  five  that  are  deceased. 
Mrs.  Russett  died,  and  by  the  second  wife  Mr.  Rus- 
sett has  these  children :  Carrie,  wife  of  Earnest  White, 
in  Spokane ;  Edward,  in  this  county ;  Cora,  single  and 
living  at  Spokane  Bridge;  Emery,  single,  in  this 
county. 

In  1893  Mr.  Russett  married  Mrs.  Eliza  Lefler, 
widow  of  Joseph  Lefler.  He  is  one  of  the  substantial 
men  of  the  community,  has  made  a  good  record  and  is 
respected  by  al' 


HERMAN  KNUDSON.  To  the  enterprising  and 
industrious  mart  there  is  success,  and  such  has  come 
to  the  subject  of  this  article  in  generous  measure, 
while  he  is  rated  as  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  his 
section  and  surely  is  a  man  who  has  gained  a  good 
standing  in  addition  to  his  temporal  prosperity. 

Mr.  Knudson  was  born  on  October  14,  1857,  in 
Numedal,  Norway,  being  the  son  of  Knudt  Olson  and 
Ellen  Mortinson,  natives  also  of  Norway,  where  they 
are  buried  now  in  the  Nore  cemetery.  They  had  three 
children,  Sarah,  Ole  and  Herman,  the  subject  of  this 
article,  all  living  in  America.  Herman  received  his 
education  in  the  religious  schools  of  his  native  place 
and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  left  his  books  for  work  on 
his  father's  farm.  At  eighteen  he  acted  as  a  traveling 
salesman  through  the  country,  handling  clothing  and 


domestic  articles.  When  he  arrived  at  nineteen  he 
embarked  for  the  United,  States  and  the  centennial 
year  saw  him  in  Clayton  county,  Iowa.  He  worked 
for  wages  for  one  year  and  then  went  to  Trail  county, 
North  Dakota,  and  took  a  homestead,  which  he  com- 
muted in  two  years.  He  tilled  that  for  six  or  seven 
years  and  then  came  to  Spokane  county,  where  he  lived 
one  year  and  then  came  to  Kootenai  county  and  mar- 
ried Julia  O.  Vekan.  She  had  a  quarter  section  to 
which  Mr.  Knudson  added  as  much  more  by  purchase, 
in  1895.  He  now  owns  and  farms  this  half  section, 
which  lies  five  miles  south  from  Rathdrum.  He  has 
a  fine  house  which  he  built  in  1900,  has  a  good  orchard 
of  two  hundred  and  fifty  trees,  comfortable  barns  and 
outbuildings  and  his  place  shows  the  marks  of  thrift 
and  painstaking  care  and  skill  in  husbandry.  Mr. 
Knudson  also  owns  a  half  section  in  North  Dakota. 
He  has  cattle  and  horses  sufficient  to  handle  his  place 
in  good  shape. 

On  October  3,  1900,  Mrs.  Knudson  died  and  is 
buried  in  Evergreen  cemetery,  in  Postfalls,  and  four 
children  and  her  husband  survive  her.  The  children 
are:  Carrie,  Albert,  Oscar  and  Emery.  Mr.  Knud- 
son is  a  Republican  and  takes  an  active  and  intelligent 
part  in  politics.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Stockmen's 
Association.  In  religious  persuasion  Mr.  Knudson  is 
a  Presbyterian  and  is  stanch  in  his  faith. 


THOMAS  E.  HOLM  is  a  native  of  Norway  and 
is  endued  with  all  the  vigor,  progressiveness,  skill  and 
sagacity  that  are  characteristic  of  the  people  that  dis- 
covered this  continent,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
citizens  of  Kootenai  county,  and  also  has  gained  a 
prestige  among  his  fellows  that  is  enviable  and  worthy 
of  his  commendable  efforts  and  upright  life. 

Mr.  Holm  was  born  on  February  16,  1858,  in 
Molde,  Norway,  being  the  son  of  Esek  and  Mary  John- 
son, also  natives  of  Norway.  The  mother  died  there 
in  1902,  being  buried  in  the  Molde  cemetery,  while  the 
father  still  lives  in  the  native  place.  Thomas  received 
a  common  school  education  and  at  sixteen  went  to 
carrying  mail,  which  occupied  him  for  three  years. 
Then  he  came  to  America,  locating  at  Granite  Falls, 
Minnesota.  He  teamed  about  the  town  for  three  years 
and  in  1887  he  had  the  distinction  of  receiving  the  ap- 
pointment of  deputy  sheriff  under  Joe  Fortier,  which 
position  he  filled  with  credit  to  himself.  Subsequent 
to  this  he  came  west  and  he  was  soon  in  the  employ  of 
F.  Post  where  he  continued  for  two  years  blasting  rock 
and  laying  pipe.  Then  he  bought  a  band  of  cows  and 
operated  a  dairy  for  five  years.  It  was  in  1896,  that  he 
bough)  eighty  acres  of  his  present  place,  unimproved 
land,  and  at  once  erected  good  buildings ;  in  1898,  he 
purchased  one  quarter  more.  He  has  one  quarter  un- 
der cultivation  and  in  addition  to  the  other  improve- 
ments a  fine  orchard  of  three  acres  and  all  the  varieties 
of  fruit  that  arc  indigenous  to  this  latitude  are  repre- 
sented. He  has  seven  horses  and  ten  cows  and  is  one 
of  the  thrifty  farmers  of  his  section.  His  estate  is 
located  about  three  miles  northeast  from  Postfalls. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


895 


In  1885,  Mr.  Holm  married  Miss  Caroline,  daugh- 
ter of  Nels  and  Gurtie  Johnson,  natives  of  Norway. 
They  came  to  United  States  in  1882  and  located  at 
Plymouth  Rock.  Iowa,  where  they  are  still  living  on  a 
farm.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Holm  six  children  have  been 
born,  named  as  follows,  Edward  N.,  Josephine,  Mary, 
Martin,  Fred,  and  Joseph,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Holm  was 
town  marshal  in  Postfalls  for  three  years.  For  three 
successive  terms  he  was  elected  constable  of  his  district 
and  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  school  board  for 
three  years.  In  all  this  public  service,  Mr.  Holm  has 
shown  marked  faithfulness,  and  efficiency.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  H.  T.  A.  In  religious  persuasion, 
Mr.  Holm  and  his  family  are  identified  with  the  Nor- 
wegian Lutheran  church. 


CAPT.  JAMES  A.  FISHER.  A  worthy  veteran 
of  the  awful  conflict  of  the  Civil  war,  where  he  did  a 
noble  part  for  the  flag  of  the  free,  serving  through- 
out the  entire  struggle  with  a  courage  and  display  of 
ability  and  intrepidity  that  are  characteristic  of"  the 
man,  a  pioneer  of  this  part  of  Kootenai  county,  and  a 
man  of  good  standing,  it  is  fitting  that  Mr.  Fisher  be 
granted  representation  in  the  volume  of  his  county's 
history. 

James  A.  was  born  in  Clinton  county,  Indiana, 
on  April  4,  1837,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Martha 
Fisher,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Kentucky,  respectively. 
The  father  and  his  father  came  to  Cincinnati  when  it 
was  but  a  fort.  The  father  was  a  shoemaker  and  his 
people  were  farmers.  The  maternal  grandfather  of  our 
subject  was  a  millwright.  James  A.  received  his  school- 
ing in  the  log  school  house  of  his  native  place  until  he 
was  twelve  and  then  his  mother  died  and  the  father 
removed  back  to  Ohio,  where  James  attended  school 
and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  went  to  work  for  wages, 
getting  twelve  dollars  on  the  farm  and  fifteen  per 
month  for  clerking.  He  was  on  a  produce  boat  that 
plied  on  the  Mississippi  and  at  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war  they  flew  the  one  star  Hag  to  return  to  Cairo, 
Illinois.  The  call  came  for  the  seventy-five  thousand 
troops  and  the  places  were  filled  before  our  subject's 
turn  came  and  he  answered  to  the  name  of  one  who 
was  sick,  and  thus  got  to  go.  He  was  in  Company 
I.  Eleventh  Ohio.  He  was  reported  hung  in  the  south 

•ople  were  frightened,  supposing  him  a  ghost.  He 
id  been  on  guard  duty  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  road 
most  of  this  time.  At  the  expiration  of  this  time,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  G,  for  three  years,  under  General 
Johnahan  Craynor."  In  their  first  fight,  at  Middle- 
creek,  Kentucky,  they  defeated  the  enemy  and  then 
were  transferred  by  boats  to  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
He  participated  in  the  last  day's  fight  at  Stone  River, 
was  at  Chickamauga,  there  being  promoted  to  second 
lieutenant.  He  fought  at  Chattanooga,  at  Lookout 
mountain  and  at  Missionary  Ridge.  He  also  partici- 
pated in  the  battle  at  Kenesaw  mountain  and  fought 
the  enemy  over  a  breast  work  in  the  night.  He  fought 
at  Atlanta  and  also  at  Jonesborough,  where  he  was 


again  reported  killed.  Then  at  Franklin  and  Nash- 
ville he  fought  and  at  Lynchburg  he  heard  of  Lincoln's 
death  and  Lee's  surrender.  Then  he  was  ordered  to 
New  Orleans  and  thence  to  Texas,  and  there  was 
mustered  out  with  a  record  of  which  any  one  might 
be  proud.  He  was  courageous  in  battle,  faithful  in 
all  his  duties  as  soldier  and  displayed  excellent  metal 
throughout.  He  came  to  Iowa  soon  after  the  war, 
then  to  Nebraska,  where  he  lived  seven  years,  then  in 
1877  he  came  to  Cowley  Bridge.  He  took  a  home- 
stead in  this  county  and  after  proving  up  on  it  sold  it 
and  removed  to  Postfalls.  He  purchased  a  half  block 
and  erected  a  good  residence  and  in  1901  he  purchased 
two  blocks  adjoining.  He  has  a  fine  orchard  and  a 

In  1865  Mr.  Fisher  maried  Miss  Margaret  Brown 
and  four  children  have  been  born  to  them,  William  S., 
in  Dickson  county,  Nebraska;  Charles  W.,  in  Sioux 
City,  Iowa;  George,  in  Dickson  county,  Nebraska; 
Rosy,  married  and  living  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  Mr. 
Fisher  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  while 
in  politics  he  is  Republican.  For  three  years  he  has 
been  chairman  of  the  town  board. 

By  way  of  reminiscence  it  is  interesting  that  when 
he  came  to  Portland  they  missed  the  boat  which  they 
should  have  taken  and  it  had  not  gone  one  hundred 
yards  from  the  mooring  before  it  blew  up,  and  for 
the  third  time  Mr.  Fisher  was  reported  dead.  He  is 
still  in  good  health  and  a  respected  and  thrifty  member 
of  the  community  in  Postfalls. 


CHARLES  S.  GREEN.  About  four  miles  south- 
east from  Rathdrum  is  the  estate  of  this  gentleman, 
and  it  bears  the  marks  of  thrift  and  industry,  while 
personally  he  is  a  man  above  reproach,  of  excellent 
standing  among  his  fellows  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  county,  which  he  has  helped  on 
the  road  toward  real  prosperity  and  progress. 

Charles  S.  Green  was  borii  in  Dayton,  Minnesota. 
on  December  16,  1858,  being  the  son  'of  John  and 
Josephine  (Evans)  Green,  natives  respectively  of 
Vermont  and  Pennsylvania.  On  both  sides  his  parents 
were  descendants  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  America. 
The  father  came  to  the  present  site  of  Minneapolis  in 
1849  and  located  a  homestead,  which  he  lost  on  ac- 
count of  its  then  being  a  government  reserve.  He  then 
farmed  in  Minnessota  until  1883,  when  he  came  west, 
settling  in  Rathdrum  until  1899,  when  he  removed  to 
Seattle,  where  they  both  now  live.  Charles  S.  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  Dayton 
and  in  Anoka  county,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
quit  study  and  gave  himself  to  assist  his  father.  Until 
twenty-four  years  of  age  he  could  be  found  faithfully 
laboring  on  the  father's  farm,  and  then  he  went  to  work 
for  himself.  He  rented  a  farm  and  took  contracts  of 
getting  out  timbers  in  the  winter.  In  1884  he  came 
west  and  engaged  in  lumbering  in  Kootenai  county. 

He  also  farmed  and  took  a  homestead,  where  he 
now  lives.  In  1886  he  built  the  buildings  and  fenced 
the  quarter.  He  lays  eighty  acres  under  tribute  now 


896 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


to  raise  crops  and  has  a  fine  orchard  and  his  farm  is  one 
of  the  best  in  the  vicinity.  In  political  matters  Mr. 
Green  takes  an  active  part  and  in  religious  persuasion 
he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Second  Adventist  church. 
Mr.  Green  has  three  brothers  and  three  sisters, 
named  as  follows:  Florence,  widow  of  Clarence 
Stevens,  living  in  Kellogg;  Wallace  P.,  in  Kootenai 
county;  Edith,  wife  of  Harvey  Borthwick,  in  Rath- 
drum';  John  E.,  in  Seattle ;  Edgar  L.,  also  in  Seattle, 
and  Myrtle  E.,  in  the  same  city.  Mr.  Green  has  been 
blessed  with  generous  prosperity  on  account  of  his 
wise  management  and  industry  and  he  is  deserving  of 
this  enjoyment. 


O.  BOUTON  MASTERSON.  This  young  man 
is  one  of  the  well  known  business  men  of  Postfalls  and 
is  at  the  present  time  operating  a  retail  liquor  store 
there,  carrying  a  fine  stock  of  goods.  He  was  born  in 
Sheridan,  Oregon,  on  June  16,  1869,  being  the  son  of 
James  H.  and  Margret  J.  (Copenbarger)  Masterson, 
natives  of  Kentucky  and  Illinois  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  practicing  physician  and  continued  at  his 

1894.  The  mother  still  lives  in  Seattle.  Soon  after 
the  birth  of  our  subject,  the  parents  came  to  Spokane 
and  there  he  received  the  beginning  of  his  education. 
Later  they  went  to  Rathdrum  where  he  completed  his 
scholastic  training.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  started 
for  himself  and  his  first  occupation  was  clerking  in  a 
hotel.  In  1888  he  started  a  restaurant  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  mining  district  and  conducted  it  for  four 
years.  Then  he  returned  to  Rathdrum  and  clerked 
for  two  years,  after  which  he  went  to  Seattle  and  was 
manager  of  the  Globe  hotel  for  one  year.  Returning 
to  Spokane  he  soon  thereafter  went  to  Medical  lake 
and  operated  a  cigar  store  for  a  time,  then  sold  out  and 
came  to  Postfalls  and  opened  his  present  business, 
where  he  is  doing  well. 

Mr.  Masterson  married  Miss  Clara  A.,  daughter  of 
W.  A.  and  A.'  M.  Hart,  who  live  in  Rathdrum,  where 
Mr.  Hart  does  a  general  banking  and  merchandising 
business,  being  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  the 
county.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Masterson  one  child  has 
been  born,  Hawley  B.,  going  to  school. 


JOHN  W.  FREDERIC,  one  of  the  business  men 
of  Coeur  d'Alene,  has  a  record  in  the  military  service 
in  the  United  States  army  which  is  seldom  exceeded 
both  for  length  of  service  as  well  as  for  faithfulness 
and  courage  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties.  He  was 
born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  November  11,  1846,  the 
son  of  Adam  and  Catherine  (Humbach)  Frederic, 
natives  respectively  of  Germany  and  Pennsylvania, 
and  now  deceased.  The  father  fought  in  the  Mexi- 
can war  and  received  a  wound  in  the  service.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  town 
and  at  the  beginning  of  the  Rebellion  he  laid  aside 
the  books  and  stepped  from  the  school  room  into  ser- 


While  in  Montana,  i 
Miss   Annie   Hahn,   ; 


vice  for  his  country.  He  was  in  the  Fifty-fourth 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  of  the  Twentieth  Corps  and 
First  Division.  He  fought  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh  and 
at  the  battle  of  Yazoo  Pass.  He  was  in  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg  where  he  was  wounded  on  May  23,  1863, 
by  a  spent  ball,  then  he  was  transferred  to  the  gun- 
boat Louisville,  and  was  with  Banks  in  the  Red  river 
expedition.  On  April  12,  1865,  he  was  discharged 
at  Cairo,  Illinois,  and  arrived  home  on  the  night  of 
Lincoln's  assassination.  Mr.  Frederic  re-entered  the 
service  on  June  6,  1866,  joining  the  Seventeenth  United 
States  Infantry.  He  was  on  the  frontier  of  Texas  and 
New  Mexico  fighting  the  Indians  and  June  6,  1869,  re- 
enlisted  until  March,  1870.  He  was  transferred  to 
Dakota  where  he  was  discharged  on  April  14,  1871. 
He  re-enlisted  on  August  18,  1871,  in  Company  G, 
Seventh  Infantry,  and  served  ten  years.  He  was  in 
Montana  against  the  Sioux  Indians,  fought  the  Black- 
feet  and  also  the  Nez  Perces.  At  Big  Hole.  Mon- 
tana, he  was  shot  through  the  shoulder.  On  August 
18,  1881,  he  was  discharged  as  sergeant  of  Company 
C.  During  the  Spanish  war,  Mr.  Frederic  re-entered 
the  service  and  went  to  Manila  in  Company  B,  First 
Idaho  Volunteers.  He  was  discharged  at  Manila  on 
account  of  disability  on  February  II,  1899,  and  re- 
turned home. 

>77,  Mr.  Frederic  married 
ire   of   Pennsylvania,   and 

daughter  of  Joseph  and  Caroline  Hahn,  natives  of 
Germany.  To  this  marriage  two  sons  have  been 
born,  John  B.  and  William  H.,  the  latter  having  been 
with  his  father  in  Manila.  Both  are  located  in  Coeur 
d'Alene  now.  Mr.  Frederic  is  a  member  of  the  G. 
A.  R.,  A.  T.  McReynolds  Post,  No.  19,  and  also  of  the 
Redmen. 


JOHN  HAGER.  It  is  certainly  very  gratifying 
to  have  the  pleasure  to  chronicle  the  events  in  the  life 
of  this  worthy  veteran  and  esteemed  pioneer  and 
resident  of  Coeur  d'Alene  where  he  has  demonstrated 
as  he  did  in  many  ways  and  times  in  the  past  his  faith- 
fulness, his  ability,  his  courage  and  real  worth. 

John  Hager  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  on 
April  II,  1830,  receiving  a  good  common  schooling 
and  in  1848  enlised  in  the  volunteer  force  that  resisted 
the  German  government.  He  was  on  the  defeated 
side  and  to  avoid  the  vigilance  of  the  government  he 
went  to  Switzerland  for  some  months  and  then  re- 
turned home  and  in  18150  came  to  America.  He  lo- 
cated in  New  York,  later  in  Philadelphia  and  in  1853 
he  enlisted  in  the  regular  army,  being  in  the  First 
Dragoons.  He  was  in  Minnesota  and  went  thence  to 
New  Mexico  and  was  garrisoned  on  the  Rio  Grande, 
then  went  to  Arizona  in  1856,  from  that  place  to  Cali- 
fornia and  thence  to  Walla  Walla,  where  he  did  ser- 
vice and  in  the  surrounding  country  until  the  time  of 
his  discharge  in  1858.  He  was  with  Colonel  Step- 
toe  in  the  memorable  defeat  of  that  officer  and  also 
fought  under  Wright  in  various  places.  In  1860  the 
military  spirit  of  our  subject  would  again  lead  him  to 


JOHN  W.  FREDERIC. 


JOHN  HAGER. 


JAMES  E.  RUSSELL. 


JAMES  H.  KENEDY. 


MRS.  JAMES  H.  KENEDY. 


LEVI  YOTHERS. 


THOMAS  BROPHY. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


enlist  and  so  he  was  enrolled  with  Company  C,  First 
Dragoons.  He  was  stationed  at  Lapwai  to  watch 
the  Indians.  Sibley  Johnson,  a  rebel  at  heart,  was  in 
command  of  the  department  of  the  west  and  ordered 
them  all  to  Texas,  but  he  being  relieved  about  that 
time  the  order  was  countermanded  and  the  Dragoons 
were  ordered  to  Washington,  D.  C.  Going  on  horse- 
back to  Vancouver,  they  took  a  steamer  to  Washing- 
ton and  soon  were  in  the  heart  of  the  fight  in  the  east. 
Words  are  futile  to  express  the  excellency  of  the  ca- 
reer of  this  gentleman  and  the  ardor,  the  valor  and  the 
courage  displayed  and  we  append  the  most  eloquent 
tribute  we  know,  which  is  a  list  of  a  portion  of  the 
battles  where  he  fought  with  spirit.  Many  others  were 
in  the  list  but  they  are  too  numerous  to  mention. 
Skirmishes  were  continually  going  on  and  we  could 
fill  a  volume  were  we  to  recount  all  the  incidents  that 
befell  this  veteran  in  his  career.  On  May  4,  1862,  he 
was  in  the  battle  of  Williamsburg ;  on  June  27,  he 
fought  in  that  sanguinary  struggle  known  as  Games' 
Mill;  on  June  30,  1862,  he  participated  in  the  bat- 
tle of  White  Oak  Swamp;  on  July  i,  at  Malvern  Hill, 
and  on  March  17,  1863,  he  fought  at  Kelly's  Ford; 
on  April  20,  1862,  he  was  in  Stoneman's  Raid;  on 
June  21,  1863,  at  Upperville,  he  did  valiant  service;  on 
September  14,  1863,  he  fought  at  Antietam ;  and  on 
May  9,  1864,  he  participated  in  Sheridan's  raid.  At 
Cold  Harbor  he  was  in  the  awful  fight  on  May  20, 
1864,  and  there  lost  his  hearing ;  he  participated  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness  on  May  7,  1864;  fought  at 
the  battle  of  Winchester,  also  at  Fisher's  Gap  and 
Cedar  Creek,  and  many  others.  Where  will  we  find 
a  military  record  like  this  ?  Really,  it  seems  the  most 
brilliant  and  worthy  of  any  that  it  has  been  our  priv- 
ilege to  observe.  As  soon  as  the  war  was  over,  he  en- 
listed again  and  was  stationed  at  Atlanta,  Georgia. 
At  the  expiration  of  his  time,  in  1870,  he  bought  a 
farm  and  tilled  it  for  a  while  and  sold  then  and  went 
into  the  drug  business,  then  he  worked  for  the  street 
car  company  for  three  years  and  in  1877  came  to  Fort 
Custer,  and'in  1878  we  "find  him  in  Couer  d'Alene.  He 
worked  for  the  government  six  months  and  then  took 
a  squatter's  right  on  land  near  Hayden  lake,  which 
was  his  home  for  twelve  years,  then  he  sold  and  came 
to  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  has  a  good  farm  which  he 
rents,  has  a  good  residence  in  the  town  and  also  two 
other  dwellings  which  he  rents.  He  also  has  other 
property. 

In  1863  Mr.  Hager  married  Mrs.  Christine  Clark, 
of  Washington,  D.  C,  where  the  nuptials  occurred. 
Mrs.  Hager's  former  husband  was  killed  at  Brandy 
station,  being  a  comrade  of  Mr.  Hager  at  that  time. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hager  there  have  been  born  five 
children:  Frederica,  wife  of  William  Kipp,  in  Coeur 
d'Alene;  William,  in  the  employ  of  the  government 
at  Fort  Wright,  Washington,  having  been  thus  en- 
gaged for  twenty  years;  Mary,  wife  of  Isaac  Busby, 
in  Wardner,  Idaho;  Charles,  married  and  living  at 
Fort  Wright,  where  he  is  employed  by  the  govern- 
ment; Maggie,  wife  of  George  Joyce,  in  Belgrade, 
Montana.  Mr.  Hager  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R., 
and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Episcopa- 


lian church.  It  is  very  pleasant  to  contemplate  the 
worthy  veteran  residing  quietly  in  the  land  he  fought 
to  defend  and  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  faithful  labor, 
while  all  admire  and  esteem  him. 


JAMES  E.  RUSSELL.  Henry  Russell  was  born 
in  New  York  and  in  Syracuse  of  that  state,  he  met 
and  married  Miss  Mariah  Mann,  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania, who  died  in  1844.  In  1846  he  married  a 
second  time  and  remained  in  New  York  city,  whither 
he  had  removed  from  Rochester  and  whence  he  went 
in  1855  to  Chicago.  Three  years  later  he  removed  to 
St.  Louis,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  aged 
ninety-five  years.  During  the  Civil  war  Mr.  Russell 
worked  for  contractor  Eads,  building  gunboats  for 
the  government,  and  he  made  the  remarkable  record 
of  working  seven  days  in  each  week,  Sunday  counting 
one  and  one-half  days,  for  every  week  in  five  years 
and  in  all  this  time  he  never  lost  one'  day,  a  most  re- 
markable record. 

Returning  more  particularly  to  the  immediate  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  we  note  his  birth  occurred  on  Janu- 
ary 1 6,  1839,  in  Rochester,  New  York.  He  went 
with  his  father  to  the  various  places  where  that  gen- 
tleman lived  and  gained  a  good  education  from  the 
various  public  schools.  At  Chicago  he  started  for 
himself.  He  went  to  Waterford,  Minnesota,  and 
worked  for  wages  and  also  attended  school  some,  con- 
tinuing the  same  until  1861.  Then  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany G,  First  Minnesota,  under  Colonel  Gorman.  His 
regiment  was  soon  sent  to  Virginia,  the  only  Minne- 
sota troops  sent  east.  His  first  engagement  was  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run  and  there  he  was  shot  through  the 
shoulder.  He  was  taken  to  Libby  and  later  to  Tus- 
caloosa,  Alabama,  and  eleven  months  was  the  time 
he  languished  in  a  horrible  southern  prison  pen.  He 
was  later  exchanged  and  reported  to  his  regiment  for 
duty  at  Falmouth,  Virginia:  He  was  in  time  to  go 
in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  He  was  then  dis- 
charged and  went  to  Troy,  Pennsylvania,  and  soon 
he  re-enlisted  in  the  First  New  York  Veteran  Cavalry, 
Company  L.  He  served  in  this  capacity  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  participating  in  numerous  skirmishes  and 
some  engagements,  being  once  shot  from  his  horse, 
He  was  mustered  out  in  West  Virginia,  in  July, 
1865,  and  went  thence  to  Rochester,  New  York,  where 
he  was  paid  off.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Russell,  having 
completed  a  remarkable  and  brilliant  military  career, 
in  Kansas  on  the  plains.  In  1869  he  went  as  cow  boy 
to  South  Dakota  -and  later  took  a  pre-emption  and  got 
married  and  settled  down.  In  1883  he  sold  his  prop- 
erty and  came  to  Kootenai  county,  Idaho.  He 
operated  as  building  contractor  until  1890  when  his 
ability  was  rewarded  by  being  appointed  register  of 
the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Coeur  d'Alene. 
Four  years  and  three  months  of  efficient  and  faithful 
service  was  rendered  there.  In  1897  Mr.  Russell 
bought  twenty  acres  adjoining  the  town  and  he  has 
made  it  a  beautiful  residence  place,  well  improved. 
In  1900  he  took  a  timber  claim,  which  he  still  owns, 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


it  being  a  valuable  place.  Mr.  Russell  states  that  in 
1860  he  voted  for  Abraham  Lincoln  and  he  has  never 
had  occasion  to  change  his  politics.  He  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace  in  1886  but  resigned  it  in  1890  to 
accept  the  position  in  the  land  office.  He  was  deputy 
sheriff  under  William  Ryan  and  during  the  silver 
craze  in  politics  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for 
treasurer  of  the  county  but  was  defeated  on  account 
of  that  issue.  Later  he  was  placed  in  nomination  for 
assessor  but  the  same  cause  defeated  the  entire  ticket. 
In  1875  Mr.  Russell  married  Miss  Mary  J., 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Hannah  (Pine)  Henderson, 
natives  of  Wisconsin.  Death  took  this  lady  in  1880. 
In  1882  Mr.  Russell  married  Miss  Margery  M., 
daughter  of  James  and  lane  Pine,  natives  of  Prince 
Edward  island.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Russell  and  his 
estimable  wife  six  children  have  been  born:  Minnie, 
M.,  wife  of  George  H.  Ritchey,  in  Coeur  d'Alene; 
George;  Ida  M.,  who  died  February  6,  1898,  aged 
eighteen  years,  eleven  months  and  twenty-four  days; 
William  J.,  Henry  P.  and  Cora  J.  Mr.  Russell  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Kootenai  Lodge,  No. 
24;  also  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  McReynolds  Post  No.  19. 
He  is  past  master  of  the  lodge  and  was  the  first  com- 
mander of  the  post.  He  is  also  sachem  of  the  I.  O. 
R.  M.  Mr.  Russell  is  a  prominent  and  capable  man 
as  is  evidenced  by  his  military  career  and  his  excellent 
public  service  in'  positions  of  responsibility,  while  as 
a  citizen  he  is  influential,  public  spirited  and  stands 
with  enviable  prestige. 


JAMES  H.  KENEDY.  Among  the  early  pio- 
neers of  Kootenai  county  is  to  be  mentioned  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph,  who  is  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  Postfalls,  being  a  blacksmith 
and  doing  a  good  business,  while  also  he  has  consider- 
able property  and  is  an  influential  citizen,  a  good  man. 
and  highly  esteemed  by  all. 

James  H.  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois,  on 
September  7,  1846,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Sarah 
(Richardson)  Kenedy,  natives  respectively  of  North 
Carolina  and  Kentucky.  They  were  married  in  Illinois 
and  the  father  was  a  blacksmith,  doing  business  for  ten 
years  in  Liberty,  of  that  state.  Our  subject's  paternal 
grandfather  was  a  shoemaker  and  that  venerable 
gentleman's  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution. 
Mr.  Richardson  moved  to  Illinois  when  our  subject's 
mother  was  fourteen  years  old  and  her  brother  William 
was  a  captain  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  and  also  captain 
of  the  train  when  they  crossed  the'  plains.  In  1852 
Mr.  Kenedy,  the  father  of  James,  crossed  the 
plains  with  ox  teams  and  located  one  section  of 
donation  land  in.  Polk  county,  Oregon.  Later 
he  removed  to  Palouse,  Wash'ing  ton,  where  he 
died  on  April  20,  1900,  but  the  mother  still  lives 
there,  aged  eighty-three.  Our  subject  was  with 
his  parents  in  coming  across  the  plains  and  in  Polk 
county  he  gained  a  good  education  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty  quft  school  and  went  to  work  for  his  father  in 
the  blacksmith  shop.  When  twenty-four  he  went  to 


Colfax,  Washington,  and  operated  a  shop  and  thence 
went  to  Spokane  county  and  farmed  and  did  black- 
smithing  for  a  time  and 'then  sold  out  and  came  to 
Kootenai  county  in  1884.  He  took  a  soldier's  right  on 
a  homestead  on  land  now  in  the  city  limits  of  Post- 
falls  and  there  he  erected  a  blacksmith  shop  and  did 
business  continually  until  the  present  time.  On  No- 
vember 16,  1864,  Mr.  Kenedy  enlisted  in  the  First  Ore- 
gon Infantry,  Company  A,  under  Captain  C.  Layfoll- 
ette  and  he  served  for  one  year,  seven  months  and 
fourteen  days,  doing  garrison  duty  most  of  the  time. 
He  was  discharged  on  July  I,  1866.  On  January  7, 
1876,  Mr  Kenedy  married  Mrs.  Eliza  J.,  widow  of 
Joseph  Abernathy,  and  daughter  of  Rev.  James  I.  and 
Elizabeth  (Thompson)  Cash,  the  mother  being 
daughter  of  Dr.  Jesse  Thompson.  Mr.  Cash  was  a 
noted  business  man  and  powerful  preacher.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Kenedy  there  have  been  born  eight  children: 
Lorettie  M.,  deceased;  Ruth  A.,  wife  of  T.  P.  Yager, 
in  Walla  Walla  county,  Washington;  Alma  A.,  wife 
of  M.  E.  Swick,  in  Hoquiam,  Washington;  William 
R.  C.,  in  Seattle ;  Cora  A.,  with  parents ;  Henry  B..  at 
home;  Evangeline,  wife  of  C.  F.  Manning,  in  Post- 
falls  ;  James  C.,  in  \Vadsworth,  Nevada.  In  political 
matters,  Mr.  Kenedy  is  a  strong  Republican  and  does 
good  work  in  this  line.  He  has  been  justice  of  the 
peace  for  four  years  and  school  director  for  a  long 
time  and  road  supervisor  for  two  years.  Mr.  Kenedy 
is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Hiram  Lodge  No. 
21,  in  Colfax,  Washington.  He  is  a  charter  member  of 
the  Post  falls  lodge  of  the  K.  of  P. ;  is  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  Good  Templars,  being  especially  active  in 
prohibition  movements.  He  is  also  a  charter  member 
of  the  K.  O.  T.  M. 

Mr.  Kenedy  is  re-elected  justice  of  the  peace.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  George  Wright  Post  of  the  G. 
A.  R.  until  it  disbanded  and  is  now  a  member  of  the 
Lawton  Post,  No.  24,  at  Rathdrum. 


LEVI  ESCH.  This  well  known  business  man  is 
one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  Rathdrum,  where  he 
has  conducted  a  fine  livery  business  for  eighteen  years, 
being  also  a  buyer  and  seller  of  horses.  At  present  he 
has  a  barn  filled  with  fine  driving  and  saddle  horses, 
plenty  of  first-class  vehicles,  and  he  exercises  an  untir- 
ing care  and  vigilance  to  make  everything  comfortable 
and  safe  for  his  patrons,  which  has  given  him  a  first- 
class  trade.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Esch  has  some 
mining  claims  north  from  Rathdrum  and  also  a  timber 
claim  one  mile  north  from  town. 

Reverting  to  the  early  history  of  our  subject,  we 
note  that  he  was  born  in  Elkhart,  Indiana,  on  April 
4.  1859,  being  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Katherine  (Miller) 
Esch,  natives  respectively  of  Ohio  and  Indiana.  The 
mother  died  when  Levi  was  seven  years  of  age  but  the 
father  is  still  living  in  Otis,  Washington.  The  parents 
came  to  Davis  county,  Iowa,  when  this  son  was  six 
years  of  age,  and  he  received  a  good  schooling,  attend- 
ing in  winter  and  working  on  the  farm  in  summer. 
At  seventeen  he  gave  all  of  his  time  to  assisting  his 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


899 


father.  They  removed  to  Missouri  at  that  time  and 
our  subject  remained  with  his  father  until  twenty-one 
and  then  on  account  of  the  ague  of  that  country  came 
west  for  his  health.  He  travelled  for  two  years  and  in 
1882  came  to  Rathdrum  and  took  a  homestead  and 
timber  culture.  He  proved  up  on  these  in  due  time 
and  improved  them  in  good  shape  with  buildings  and 
fences,  and  so  forth.  In  1884  he  built  the  livery  barn 
in  Rathdrum  and  started  in  business.  From  the  first 
it  was  evident  that  Mr.  Esch  knew  a  horse  and  he 
bought  and  sold  continually  with  his  livery  business 
and  he  has  done  well.  During  the  year  of  1893  he 
sold  his  real  estate  and  put  his  whole  attention  to  the 
business  and  this  has  enabled  him  to  broaden  and  ex- 
tend his  trade. 

Mr.  Esch  has  a  brother  in  Cape  Nome  who  has 
mining  properties  of  great  value.  His  name  is  Peter 
Esch.  Samuel  Esch,  another  brother,  lives  in  Otis 
with  the  father.  Our  subject  has  three  sisters :  Polina, 
wife  of  George  Hostetter,  in  Cass  county,  Missouri; 
Lizzie  Esch,  living  in  Kootenai  county  and  owning 
two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  well  improved  land 
two  and  one-half  miles  from  Rathdrum ;  Ella,  wife  of 
George  Stout,  living  at  Newman  Lake,  Washington. 
Mr.  Esch  is  a  devout  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  and  greatly  interested  in  its  welfare.  He  is 
esteemed  by  all.  In  politics  Mr.  Esch  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican, but  has  never  sought  preferment  at  the  hands 
of  his  party. 


LEVI  YOTHERS.  This  wide-awake,  industrious 
and  substantial  citizen  is  one  of  the  heavy  property 
owners  of  our  county  and  dwells  on  his  estate  of  four 
hundred  and  forty  acres  of  fine  land  six  miles  east 
from  Rathdrum,  where  he  does  a  general  farming  busi- 
ness, has  a  good  band  of  stock  and  handles  consider- 
able fruit,  having  an  orchard  of  seventeen  varieties, 
while  everything  represents  his  thrift,  sagacity  and  in- 
dustry. Mr.  Yothers  is  also  a  man  of  good  principles 
and  does  much  for  the  cause  of  education,  as  well  as 
for  the  general  progress. 

Levi  Yothers  was  born  in  Center  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  August  3,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Benja- 
min and  Katherine  (Wells)  Yothers,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. They  removed  to  Illinois,  where  the  father 
died  in  1882.  and  the  mother  came  to  Kootenai  county 
where  she  passed  to  the  world  beyond  in  1897.  Levi 
had  but  little  opportunity  to  attend  school,  being  fav- 
ored only  with  a  few  months  in  his  thirteenth  and  four- 
teenth years.  This  was  on  account  of  his  father  being 
absent  fighting  the  battles  of  the  nation  in  the  Civil 
war,  and  this  son  was  obliged  to  support  the  family. 
When  the  father  came  home  he  was  wounded  and 
could  not  work  for  some  time,  so  the  burden  remained 
on  these  young  shoulders.  Mr.  Yothers  has  mani- 
fested considerable  zeal,  for  in  1900  he  went  to  the 
Moscow  University,  taking  the  shorter  course  which 
the  state  had  wisely  provided  for  just  such  cases.  He 
came  with  his  parents  to  Illinois  at  the  age  of  eleven 
and  before  he  was  twenty  he  was  doing  for  himself. 
He  studied  for  the  ministry  under  Elder  Terrill  for 


two  years,  but  being  without  means  to  complete  this 
he  was  obliged  to  abandon  it.  Then  he  married  and 
came  to  Iowa,  working  in  an  elevator  there  for  three 
years.  Then  he  cair.e  to  Custer  county,  Montana,  and 
raised  stock  for  sixteen  years.  His  wife  was  taken 
sick  and  he  went  to  Ellensburg,  Washington,  where 
she  died  on  April  6,  1889.  Then  Mr.  Yothers  came  to 
his  present  location,  taking  first  a  homestead,  to  which 
he  has  added  by  purchase  until  he  has  a  fine  estate. 
He  has  much  timber  to  sell,  and  intends  soon  to  erect 

By  his  first  wife  Mr.  Yothers  has  six  children: 
Alfred,  a  capable  young  man,  living  in  Oregon ;  Will- 
iam W.,  who  has  attended  the  State  University  for  five 
years,  with  excellent  results,  and  will  graduate  in  1903, 
and  is  now  fruit  inspector  of  Kootenai  and  Shoshone 
counties;  May,  living  in  Spokane;  Merill,  who  has 
taken  a  four-years'  course  in  the  university,  and  will 
dbubtless  pursue  his  studies  further;  Maud,  now  at- 
tending the  university  and  has  been  for  three  years; 
Oakland,  deceased. 

On  June  27,  1890,  Mr.  Yothers  married  Mary  L., 
daughter  of  Luther  and  Mary  (Smith)  Wood,  natives 
of  Vermont.  To  this  union  there  have  been  born  seven 
children-  mentioned  as  follows:  Samantha,  Mable, 
Lucy,  Edna,  Ruth,  Florence  and  Emma.  Mr.  Yothers 
is  allied  with  the  Peoples  party  and  is  active,  having 
attended  three  county  conventions  in  succession.  He 
was  also  active  in  this  realm  in  Montana.  He  has  given 
of  his  time  and  wisdom  on  the  school  board  for  nine 
years,  ever  laboring  for  good  educational  facilities. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Oakland  Lodge,  No. 
242,  in  Iowa;  also  he  belongs  to  the  M.  W.  A.,  of 
Rathdrum.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Dunkard  church  and  are  devout  in  the  support  of  their 
faith. 


THOMAS  BROPHY.  Deservedly  numbered 
among  the  worthy  pioneers  of  this  section  and  the 
builders  of  Kootenai  county,  it  is  fitting  that  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  should  be  granted  space  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  county,  being  a  man  of  energy,  industry 
and  intelligence.  Thomas  Brophy  was  born  in  Queens 
county,  Ireland,  on  September  i,  1845,  being  the  son  of 
John  "and  Elizabeth  (Pursell)  Brophy,  natives  also  of 

They  located  in  Kentucky,  where  our  subject  received 
his  first  education,  then  the  family  came  to  Iowa,  the 
year  being  1857,  and  there  the  father  died  in  1869  and 
the  mother  in  1889,  being  buried  in  the  cemetery  at 
Lansing,  Iowa.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  young  Brophy 
enlisted  in  the  Union  army,  in  Company  B,  Ninth  Iowa 
Cavalry,  under  John  Flick.  He  served  two  years  and 
five  months,  being  discharged  at  Little  Rock,  Ar- 
kansas, March  23,  1866.  He  was  wounded  in  the  right 
arm  and  right  side.  During  all  these  months  he  was 
almost  constantly  on  scout  duty,  being  opposed  to  the 
army  of  Price.  After  a  worthy  military  record  he 
went  home  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  1869 

business.    Twq  years  there  and  then\ve  find  him  in  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


same  business  in  Texas.  There  he  continued  until 
1878,  when  he  took  teams  and  came  overland  to  Rath- 
drum,  or  where  the  town  now  stands.  W.  J.  McClure 
was  his  traveling  companion  from  Texas.  Mr.  Brophy 
took  a  homestead  where  he  now  resides,  about  two 
miles  north  from  Rathdrum,  and  he  engaged  in  its 
improvement  and  also  in  handling  timber.  He  has 
been  numbered  with  the  agriculturists  of  the  county 
since  that  time  and  has  now  a  fine  house,  barn  and 
other  outbuildings,  with  good  orchard  and  all  im- 
provements that  make  his  place  valuable  and  comfort- 
able. He  also  handles  many  head  of  stock. 

In  1882  Mr.  Brophy  married  Miss  Fanny,  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Malinda  Gill,  natives  of  Tennessee, 
who  came  west  and  located  in  1884.  The  father  died 
in  1897,  and  is  buried  in  the  Rathdrum  cemetery,  but 
the  mother  still  lives  in  Rathdrum.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Brophy  there  have  been  born  five  children:  Mary, 
Jesse,  Elizabeth,  William,  Jr.,  and  Joseph.  Mr. 
Brophy  has  always  demonstrated  his  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  government  by  taking  an  active  part  in  the 
politics  of  the  day,  being  allied  with  the  Democrats. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  and 
a  citizen  well  respected  and  of  excellent  standing  in 
the  community. 


WILLIAM  H.  CABLE.  John  W.  Cable  was  born 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  in  1819  and  was  a  prominent 
and  enterprising  man  all  his  days  and  did  excellent 
service  for  his  government  in  various  capacities.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-two  he  went  to  Allegheny,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  worked  in  the  arsenal,  then  moved  to 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  he  was  a  warm  personal 
friend  of  Henry  Clay.  In  1845  he  enlisted  in  the 
Mexican  war  and  was  assigned' to  General  Taylor's 
army  in  the  ordnance.  He  was  all  through  the  war 
and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Monterey,  where  the 
people  were  driven  to  the  cathedral.  General  Taylor 
had  tried  two  days  to  dislodge  them  and  then  ordered 
Cable  to  do  so.  He  trained  a  gun  on  the  spot  and  ex- 
ploded his  first  shell  in  the  building  and  it  caused  the 
immediate  surrender  of  the  hold.  Subsequent  to  the 
war  he  returned  to  the  arsenal  in  Allegheny  and  in 
1856  removed  his  family  to  Kansas.  At  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  war  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania  and 
was  appointed  by  Governor  Curtin  as  inspector  gen- 
eral of  Pennsylvania  and  in  1862  was  transferred  to 
the  western  department  and  had  charge  of  the  ordnance. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Kansas  and  in 
1870  the  mother  died  and  in  1876  he  went  to  the  Black 
Hills,  in  South  Dakota,  and  in  1890  he  came  to  Idaho 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  had  preceded  him. 
On  June  7,  1902,  this  good  man  was  called  to  his  final 
rest,  being  at  that  time  on  a  visit  to  his  youngest  son, 
N.  Cable,  in  California. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  immediate  sub- 
ject of  this  article  we  note  that  he  was  born  on  July 
13,  1844,  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  being  the  son  of 
John  W.  and  Mary  (McConnell)  Cable.  The  mother 
was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
William  had  finished  his  schooling  and  he  promptly 


enlisted  in  Company  E,  Twelfth  Kansas  Volunteer 
Cavalry,  under  Captain  Steele  and  Colonel  Adams. 
He  was  most  of  the  time  guarding  the  border  of  Mis- 
souri. He  did  excellent  service  in  that  deadliest  of 
all  fighting  in  the  Civil  war,  the  putting  down  of  the 
guerrillas.  He  fought  against  Quantrell  and  Bill  An- 
derson, the  latter  being  killed  at  Sedalia,  Missouri.  In 
1863  he  went  south  under  General  Blunt.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  was  ordered  to  make  a  junction  with 
Banks  under  Steele.  They  fought  the  doughty  Price 
and  did  exceedingly  hard  work.  For  nine  days  they 
covered  Banks  retreat  and  at  Jenkins  Ferry  they  had 
the  fiercest  struggle  in  the  entire  war.  For  nine  days 
they  were  without  rations,  except  four  hardtack. 
Three  years  and  six  months  were  consumed  in  the  ser- 
vice, wherein  a  most  commendable  record  was  made, 
and  then  Mr.  Cable  was  honorably  discharged  at  Little 
Rock.  Arkansas,  and  returned  to  Kansas.  June  27,. 
1865,  was  the  day  of  his  discharge. 

In  1876  Mr.  'Cable  was  one  of  those  who  pressed 
into  the  Black  Hills  and  for  twelve  years  he  was  min- 
ing there.  In  1888  he  came  to  Spokane  Bridge  and 
for  a  period  of  about  two  years  he  was  on  the  old 
Liberty  place  at  the  lake  of  that  name.  He  made  the 
first  location  on  the  Couer  d'Alene  Indian  reservation 
where  he  now  lives,  three  miles  south  and  one-fourth 
of  a  mile  east  from  Spokane  Bridge.  He  has  a  good 
home  place,  comfortable  buildings  and  other  improve- 
ments. 

On  August  12,  1875,  Mr.  Cable  maried  Miss  Mar- 
tha Sharp,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Tennessee 
and  came  to  Kansas  in  1860  where  they  died.  To. 
this  happy  union' there  have  been  born  four  children: 
Herbert  A.,  in  Colorado ;  William  A.,  at  home ;  Harry 
I.,  at  home ;  Thomas  M.,  attending  college  in  Spokane. 
In  political  matters  Mr.  Cable  is  always  active  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Republican  party.  In  1896  he  was 
elected  county  commissioner  for  two  years  and  did 
good  service.  Mr.  Cable  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A. 
R.,  Lawton  Post,  No.  29,  and  is  past  commander.  He 
is  also  affiliated  witn  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  popular 
in  all  these  relations. 

Mrs.  Cable's  father,  Mr.  Sharp,  was  born  on  May 
30,  1809,  and  his  wife  was  five  years  younger.  Mr. 
Cable's  father,  John  Cable,  received  a  medal  for  brav- 
ery in  the  Mexican  war.  This  is  now  in  the  possession 
of  our  subject  and  is  justly  prized  very  highly  by  him.. 


JAMES  TYSON.  The  town  of  Tyson  is  located 
on  the  land  formerly  owned  by  the  subject  of  this 
article  and  it  is  he  who,  with  his  brother,  discovered 
the  famous  diggings  that  brought  the  influx  of  gold 
seekers  to  the  camp  in  1900  and  in  1901. 

James  Tvson  was  born  in  Lane  county,  Oregon, 
on  November  12,  1867,  being  the  son  of  James  B.  and 
Mary  (Price)  Tyson,  natives  respectively  of  Indiana 
and  "Iowa.  They  were  married  in  Iowa 'and  in  1855. 
came  across  the  "plains  with  ox  teams,  having  a  great 
deal  of  trouble  with  the  Indians.  They  located  at 
Council  Bluffs,  California,  and  several  years  later  went 


JAMES  TYSON. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


to  Lane  county.  In  1877  they  canle  thence  to  Farm- 
ington,  Washington,  which  was  then  only  a  hamlet  of 
a  couple  of  houses  or  so.  The  father  participated  in 
the  Indian  wars  of  1878  and  was  a  real  pioneer  of  the 
country.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  a  ranch  and  when  he 
began  to  inaugurate  independent  action  he  came  from 
Whitman  county  to  his  present  home  in  1895.  His 
"brother,  John  Tyson,  was  the  only  settler  in  the  vicinity 
and  they  labored  on  as  ranchers  and  did  good  work 
in  improving  their  places.  In  1897  our  subject  came  to 
the  conclusion  that  there  was  gold  here  and,  in  com- 
pany with  his  brother  and  J.  B.  Rent'ro,  he  went  to 
digging  and  soon  they  discovered  the  dust.  In  De- 
cember, 1900,  it  got  out  that  great  discoveries  of  gold 
has  been  made  and  so  the  excitement  commenced.  In 
the  spring  of  1901  the  town  was  platted  and  a  store, 
postoffice  and  other  business  started.  November,  1901, 
was  the  date  of  establishing  the  postoffice.  Mr.  Tyson 
is  vice  president  of  the  Richmond  Gold  Mining  &  Mill- 
ing Company,  Limited,  and  one  of  the  heavy  stock- 
holders. He  and  Henry  C.  Tyson  and  J.  B.  Renfro  are 
owners  of  Gold  Nugget,  the  Sixteen  to  One  and  other 
claims  that  made  the  country  famous.  Mr.  Tyson  is 
also  interested  in  the  War  Eagle,  Green  Mountain  and 
Bluebird  quartz  claims,  which  are  valuable  prospects. 
Mr.  Tyson  has  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace  of  his 
precinct  and  also  holds  the  mail  contract  between  Ty- 
son and  Santa.  He  has  been  for  the  last  few  years, 
a  great  prospector  in  various  places  on  the  Clearwater 
and  also  in  the  British  Columbia  country  and  is  well 
known  in  these  places.  Mr.  Tyson  is  married  and  has 


JASPER  COOPER.  This  well  known  and  rep- 
resentative business  man  of  Couer  d'Alene  is  operating 
a  first  class  livery,  feed  and  sale  stable  where  he  does 
a  thriving  business,  having  a  dozen  or  more  first-class 
rigs,  with  plenty  of  fine  stock  in  adition  to  about  fifty 
head  on  the  range.  Mr.  Cooper  was  born  in  Marion 
county,  Oregon,  on  June  4,  1859,  being  the  son  of 
James  and  Catherine  (Moorley)  Cooper,  natives  of 
Iowa  and  Illinois,  respectively.  They  crossed  the 
plains  in  1852  and  located  in  Marion  county,  where 
they  operated  a  hotel  and  flour  mill  until  1871.  when 
they  came  to  Walla  Walla.  Soon  after  the  came  to 
Whitman  county  and  located  a  pre-emption  where  Col- 
fax  now  stands.  This  was  sold  in  due  time  and  they 
went  thirty  miles  west  and  started  in  the  stock  busi- 
ness. This  was  a  prosperous  venture  and  continued  to 
be  the  occupation  of  all  until  1888,  when  Mr.  Cooper 
came  to  Couer  d'Alene  and  opened  a  Hvery  stable. 
This  was  conducted  in  such  a  manner  that  he  won 
good  patronage  and  he  continued  the  proprietor  until 
1899,  when  he  sold  to  his  son,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  who  has  handled  the  business  in  a  creditable 
manner  since  that  time.  Jasper  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  in  the  various  places  where  the  family 
lived  until  seventeen,  when  he  bought  a  team  and 
started  the  battle  of  life  for  himself.  He  earned  good 
wages  and  also  worked  for  his  father  some  and  then  in 
1885  he  took  a  pre-emption  claim  in  the  Palouse  coun- 


try, which  later  he  sold  and  bought  cattle  and  entered 
into  stock  raising  wich  his  'brother,  George.  This  con- 
tinued until  1892,  when  he  was  engaged  variously  un- 
til 1898,  when  he  made  the  purchase  of  the  livery  men- 
tioned above. 

On  December  10,  1901,  Mr.  Cooper  married  Miss 
Maud,  daughter  of  Edward  and  Mary  Empy,  natives 
of  Canada,  but  immigrants  to  this  country  and  they 
now  live  in  North  Dakota.  Mr.  Cooper  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.,  Couer  d'Alene  Camp,  No.  8227.  He  is 
one  of  the  enterprising,  public  minded  men  of  the 
county  and  is  ever  allied  on  the  side  of  progress  and 
advancement. 


V.  W  SANDER.  No  man  is  better  known  in 
Coeur  d'Alene  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  is 
an  influential  man,  possessed  of  manifest  business  abil- 
ity, a  good  citizen  and  is  esteemed  by  all.  He  is  at  the 
head  of  the  largest  general  merchandise  establishment 
in  the  town,  and  as  laconically  expressed  by  him,  they 
sell  everything  from  a  paper  of  pins  to  a  threshing  ma- 
being  deferential,  accommodating  and  reliable,  has  won 
for  him  a  large  trade  and  the  confidence  of  the  people 
in  generous  measure,  which  he  justly  deserves. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  the  details  somewhat 
of  this  successful  life  and  accordingly  we  append  the 
following.  V.  W.  Sander  was  born  in  Hanover,  Ger- 
many, on  February  4,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Henry 
and  "Henrietta  (Othmar)  Sander,  also  natives  of  Ger- 
many. In  1860,  they  came  to  America  and  settled  in 
Muscatine,  Iowa,  where  his  parents  remained  until  the 
time  of  their  death.  Our  subject  was  favored  with  a 
partial  high  school  education  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
was  employed  by  the  large  mercantile  house  of  General 
Gordon,  continuing  there  six  years.  At  the  age  of 
twenty  came  west  to  California,  where  he  lived  for  two 
years  and  then  came  to  Whitman  county,  Washington, 
where  he  took  a  government  claim  and  proved  upon  it, 
holding  the  same  until  this  day,  which  is  an  index  of 
the  character  that  has  gained  such  signal  success 
amongst  us.  It  was  soon  thereafter  that  we  find  him 
in  Kootenai  county  and  his  sagacity  soon  observed  an 
opportunity  to  make  a  good  start.  He  was  offered 
the  major  part  of  what  is  now  the  town  site  of  Rath- 
drum  for  two  thousand  dollars.  Not  having  the  money 
he  associated  with  himself  a  man  of  some  means  who 
furnished  the  required  capital.  Within  two  months 
they  cleared  about  four  thousand  six  hundred  dollars. 
Mr.  Sander  came  to  Coeur  d'Alene  a  little  later  and 
started  a  small  store  with  G.  B.  Wonnacott,  who  died 
in  1896.  They  did  a  good  business  from  the  beginning 
and  when  the  partner  died,  Mr.  Sander  organized  the 
Idaho  Mercantile  Company,  of  which  institution  he  is 
the  president  and  manager.  This,  as  said  before,  is 
the  largest  mercantile  establishment  of  the  kind  in  this 
portion  of  the  county. 

On  May  18,  1886,  Mr.  Sander  married  Miss  Lulu 
F.,  daughter  of  Carl  and  Dorothy  Lohmann,  natives 
of  Germany.  They  came  to  America  and  located  in 

Burlington    Iowa    where  thev  still  live.     Mr.  Lohman 
n      •>  - 


902 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


is  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Volks  Freund  Tribune, 
a  German  paper  of  merit. 

Mr.  Sander  built  a  commodious  residence  of  twelve 
rooms,  with  all  the  modern  conveniences,  which  is  the 
family  home,  where  his  estimable  wife  presides  with 
gracious  dignity.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sander  there  have 
been  born  five  children,  William  E.,  Henrietta  C., 
Dorothy  L.,  Carlton  A.  and  Gerald  B.  Mr.  Sander  is 
a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Kootenai  Lodge,  No.  7.  He 
and  his  worthy  wife  are  also  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian church,  'being  liberal  supporters  of  their  faith. 


GEORGE  COOPER.  Notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  the  subject  of  this  article  lost  a  fortune  in  one 
blizzard  in  Washington,  he  has  since  that  time  mani- 
fested real  grit  and  determination  which  have  given 
him  the  reward  that  belongs  to  the  industrious,  and  he 
is  at  the  present  time  one  of  the  prosperous  business 
men  of  Couer  d'Alene,  owning  a  good  livery,  feed  and 
sale  stable  in  that  city. 

George  Cooper  was  born  on  the  Green  river,  while 
his  parents  James  and  Kate  (Moorley)  Cooper,  were 
crossing  the  plains.  The  date  of  this  birth  was  June 
22,  1852.  The  parents  were  natives  of  Iowa,  came  to 
Silverton,  Oregon,  in  1852,  with  ox  teams  and  took  a 
section  of  donation  land.  In  1871  they  came  to  Walla 
Walla  and  soon  thereafter  to  Colfax,  where  they  lived 
until  1897.  Then  they  sold  out  and  came  to' Couer 
d'Alene.  The  mother  died  February,  1900,  having 
been  married  fifty  years  to  a  day.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  in  Oregon  and  then 
spent  two  years  in  Sublimity  Seminary.  At  the  age 
of  nineteen  he  started  for  himself,  taking  a  squatter's 
right  to  land  which  he  homesteaded  later.  In  1883  he 
rented  it  and  moved  to  Colfax,  Washington,  taking 
up  the  livery  business.  He  sold  that  and  his  homestead 
in  1887  and  bought  cattle.  He  had  fine  success  until 
one  blizzard  killed  four  hundred  head.  Then  he 
turned  his  attention  to  farming,  after  which  he  bought 
the  livery  business  in  Couer  d'Alene,  where  he  is  do- 
ing a  good  business  at  the  present  time,  having  been 
prospered  here. 

In  1876  Mr.  Cooper  maried  Miss  Mary  A.,  daugh- 
ter of  Nelson  and  Elizabeth  (Bond)  Davis,  natives  of 
Tennessee,  who  crossed  the  plains  in  1853,  locating 
in  Linn  county,  Oregon.  The  mother  died  there  in 
1870,  but  the  father  lives  in  Colfax,  aged  seventy-six. 

Mr.  Cooper  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters : 
Mary,  William,  Isaac,  Walter,  Jasper,  James  and 
Frank.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  he  and  his 
wife  affiliate  with  the  Order  of  Washington.  His 
wife  is  also  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

It  is  of  note  that  when  our  subject's  parents  were 
crossing  the  plains,  they  were  frequently  attacked  by 
the  Indians,  and  many  times  the  savages  would  shoot 
their  wagon  covers  full  of  arrows.  On  one  occasion 
a  man  was  riding  a  pony  a  little  in  the  rear  and  some 
Indians  sprang  out  and  lassooed  the  animal.  The  man 
succeeded  in  "escaping,  but  the  pony  was  never  re- 
covered. 


HON.  JAY  RAND  SANBURN.  The  life  of  this 
well  known  business  man  has  been  full  of  varied  ex- 
periences and  activities  on:the  frontier,  and  in  it  all 
lie  has  shown  forth  the  real  pioneer  spirit,  ever  mani- 
festing therewith  integrity,  capability,  and  faithful- 
ness. Jay  R.  was  born  in  Illinois,  on  May  12,  1833, 
being  the  son  of  early  pioneers  of  that  state,  and  at 
Knoxville  he  was  educated.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he 
started  in  life  for  himself,  and  the  first  venture  was  to 
learn  the  harness  maker's  trade  and  saddlery.  He  fol- 
lowed this  for  five  years  and  then  took  up  the  printing 
business  in  which  he  also  became  proficient.  Four 
years  after  that,  he  came  across  the  plains,  driving  five 
yoke  of  oxen  all  the  way.  He  landed  in  Trinity  county, 
California,  and  the  same  winter  went  into  the  butcher 
business.  He  mined  and  sold  goods  until  1858,  then 
went  to  Frazer  river  in  British  Columbia,  where  he 
visited  the  Cariboo  mines.  In  1860,  he  went  to  Oro- 
fino,  the  next  year  to  Florence  and  in  1862,  he  was  in 
Boise  basin.  California  was  the  destination  again  in 
1864,  and  in  1870  we  find  him  engaged  on  the  locks  at 
Oregon  City.  Returning  again  to  California,  he 
worked  for  six  years  in  the^Turkish  baths  there.  Then 
he  came  to  Shoshone  county,  and  in  1890,  he  traveled 
to  Coeur  d'Alene.  In  1890,  he  was  appointed  receiver 
to  the  United  States  land  office  in  that  city  and  for 
four  years  we  find  him  in  faithful  discharge  of  the  du- 
ties of  that  incumbency.  Since  that  time  until  1899, 
Mr.  Sanburn  has  been  engaged  in  various  lines  of  busi- 
ness and  in  the  year  last  mentioned  he  retired  from  the 
more  active  walks  of  life  to  enjoy  the  competence  which 
his  skill  and  labor  have  accumulated  for  him.  How- 
ever, he  is  still  interested  in  mining  and  has  some  good 
properties. 

Politically,  Mr.  Sanburn  had  always  been  an  ardent 
Republican  until  1896,  when  he  voted  for  Bryan  and 
since  has  been  a  Socialist.  He  voted  for  A.  Lincoln 
and  every  Republican  candidate  until  the  one  men- 
tioned. In  1888,  Mr.  Sanburn  was  elected  as  repre- 
sentative to  the  state  legislature  from  Kootenai  and 
Shoshone  counties.  It  has  always  been  the  lot  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  to  sail  his  bark  on  the  more 
placid  waters  of  celibacy  and  he  is  now  enjoying  the 
golden  years  of  his  life"  in  this  line  and  is  highly  es- 
teemed by  all  being  one  of  the  influential  and  substan- 
tial men  of  our  county. 


JOHN  H.  DUNCAN.  This  well  known  business 
man  of  Coeur  d'Alene,  where  he  operates  a  dray  and 
express  line,  doing  a  good  business,  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial residents  of  the  city  and  is  a  man  of  the  real 
bone  and  sinew  of  the  community,  never  accepting 
public  preferment,  although  frequently  offered,  but  al- 
ways striving  for  real  advancement  and  upbuilding. 

John  H.  was  born  in  Trimble  county,  Kentucky,  on 
October  28,  1840,  being  the  son  of  Francis  and  Pa- 
tience (Coleman)  Duncan,  natives  of  Kentucky,  who 
came  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Gentry  county  where 
the  father  died  in  1872  and  the  mother  in  1878,  both 
being  buried  there.  Our  subject  came  with  them  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Missouri  and  there  received  a  good  common  school 
education  and  also  attended  Albany  college  for  one 
year.  He  farmed  and  raised  stock  until  1863,  then 
taught  school  for  one  year  then  continued  farming  un- 
til 1888,  at  which  time  he  came  to  Whitman  county. 
One  year  was  spent  there  when  he  removed  thence  to 
Coeur  d'Alene,  where  he  has  resided  since  that  time. 
He  soon  opened  a  dray  and  express  business,  which  he 
has  prosecuted  with  vigor  since.  He  has  good  stock 
and  equipage  and  also  a  comfortable  residence  and 
two  lots. 

In  1869,  Mr.  Duncan  married  Miss  Cordelia, 
daughter  of  Isaac  Wood,  natives  of  Missouri,  where 
the  parents  remained  until  their  death.  The  father 
conducted  a  farm  and  was  circuit  judge  from  1860, 
until  his  demise.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Duncan  there  have 
been  born  five  children,  named  as  follows,  Katie,  wife 
of  F.  F.  Wilson,  in  Coeur  d'Alene;  Will  W.,  married 
to  Ora  Koontz,  in  Bossburg,  Washington;  Frank  C., 
who  volunteered  in  Company  B,  First  Idaho  Infantry, 
which  went  to  the  Philippine  war,  where  he  did  com- 
mendable service;  Mary  V.,  Ernest,  fourteen  in  Au- 
gust, 1902,  who  has  already  earned  two  diplomas  for 
literary  work.  Politically,  Mr.  Duncan  is  allied  with 
the  Democrats  and  is  active  in  working  in  this  realm. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Coeur  d'Alene 
Lodge  No.  34,  also  of  the  K.  of  P. ;  and  of  the  Western 
Federation  of  Labor.  Mrs.  Duncan  is  a  member  of 
the  Rebekahs,  Naomi  Lodge,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
grand  lodge  in  Wardner.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church. 


GEORGE  L.  EGE.  This  young  and  enterprising 
agriculturist  and  orchardist  has  made  a  commendable 
success  in  his  labors  in  Kootenai  county.  He  has  now, 
one  mile  east  from  Coeur  d'Alene,  a  farm  of  forty 
acres,  for  which  he  refused  recently  four  thousand 
dollars.  This  shows  the  quality  of  his  land  and  the 
value  of  the  improvements  that  his  skill  and  industry 
have  made  upon  it.  He  has  eighteen  acres  planted  to 
fruit  and  has  every  kind  represented  that  grows  in 
this  latitude.  The  balance  of  the  farm  is  utilized  in 
raising  vegetables,  for  which  he  finds  a  ready  market. 
Mr.  Ege  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county 
and  his  hands  have  wrought  out  all  of  his  success  and 
gained  his  fine  holding. 

On  September  29,  1870,  in  Cerro  Gordo  county, 
Iowa,  George  L.  Ege  was  born  to  Charles  and  Mary 
(Young)  Ege,  natives  respectively  of  Ohio  and  New 
York.  They  came  when  young  to  Wisconsin,  where 
the  father  did  milling  and  lumbering.  Next  they  re- 
moved to 'Minnesota,  thence  to  Iowa,  later  to  South 
Dakota,  and  finally  to  Spokane,  where  they  now  live. 
George  L.  was  educated  by  a  first  class  high  school 
course  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  had  completed  this  and 
was  ready  for  life's  battles.  He  learned  the  art  of  the 
typographer  and  continued  at  it  for  three  years.  In 

steamboat-ing  for  the  Northern  Pacific  and  seven  years 
were  consumed  in  that  labor.  In  the  meantime,  he 
bought  the  forty  acres  where  he  now  resides,  which  he 


a  pleas 


ughter 


has  made  a  very  valuable  esta 
abode. 

In  1894,  Mr.  Ege  married  Miss  Mi 
of  John  and  Mary  J.  (Presley)  Ferma 
spectively  of  Maryland  and  Georgia,  now  living  in 
Coeur  d'Alene.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ege  there  have  been 
born  three  children,  two  of  whom  live,  named  Charley 
and  John.  Mr.  Ege  is  active  in  local  politics  and  edu- 
cational advancement.  Mrs.  Ege  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church. 


WILLIAM  H.  ROBACHER  lives  two  miles 
north  from  Postfalls,  where  he  rents  a  quarter  section 
of  land,  and  while  he  pays  attention  to  general  farm- 
ing he  also  is  greatly  interested  in  stock,  having  about 
one  dozen  cattle  and  some  extra  fine  blooded  horses. 
Of  the  training  and  raising  the  latter,  Mr.  Robacher 
makes  a  specialty  and  he  has  been  very  successful  in 
this  line  heretofore.  He  has  nine  fine  horses,  and 
nine  colts,  and  six  of  the  horses  are  full  blood  Hamble- 
tonian.  Among  the  best  ones  may  be  mentioned  Sub- 
traction, a  fine  stallion  sired  by  Attraction,  and  whose 
dam  was  Young  Bashau.  Also  he  has  Pacer  Octov, 
sired  by  Gov.  Brown,  who  was  the  son  of  Onward, 
and  the  dam  of  Pacer  was  by  Swygard.  He  has  a 
fine  brood  mare  by  Gov  Brown,  four  colts  by  Sub- 
traction and  an  excellent  stallion  three  years  of  age. 
These  are  some  of  the  excellent  animals  owned  by 
Mr.  Robacher  and  he  has  gained  a  good  reputation  as 
a  fine  trainer  and  breeder  of  good  blooded  stock. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  the  personal  career 
of  Mr.  Robacher  we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Albany 
county,  New  York,  November  30,  1851,  being  the  son 
of  Ri'chard  and  Elizabeth  (Goff)  Robacher,  natives 
of  New  York,  who  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1852.  The 
father  farmed  and  raised  stock  there,  in  Waupaca 
county  until  the  time  of  his  death  and  he  and  his 
wife  rest  in  Pleasant  Valley  cemetery.  William  H. 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  until  twenty-four  he  was 
found  every  summer  assisting  his  father.  He  at- 
tended schools  each  winter  until  eighteen  and  then 
the  winters  were  spent  in  the  woods.  At  twenty- 
four  he  bought  a  farm  and  worked  for  himself  until 
1888,  when  he  came  to  Dakota  and  farmed  there  for 
eight  years.  He  then  started  a  training  stable  in 
Devil's  Lake,  which  he  conducted  three  years.  Next 
we  see  him  in  Minnesota,  where  he  spent  two  years 
training  horses  and  in  all  this  labor  he  had  good  suc- 
cess. He  collected  some  very  fine  horses  and  in  1900, 
he  came  to  Spokane  and  one  year  later  he  came  to 
his  present  place.  Mr.  Robacher  is  making  a  spe- 
cialty of  breeding  and  handling  fine  horses  and  is  al- 
ready achieving  a  good  success  in  this  new  land. 

In  1876  Mr.  Robacher  married  Miss  Frances  King, 
who  died  in  1891,  leaving  one  child,  Delia,  who  is  now 
living  with  her  grandmother  in  Wisconsin.  In  1895 


daughter  of  Card  and  Margaret  (O'Brien)  Towner, 
becoming  his  wife  at  that  time.  Mrs.  Robacher's 
parents  were  natives  of  New  York  and  came  to  Min- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


nesota,  where  they  now  live.  One  child  has  been 
born  to  this  happy  union,  Ralph  A.  Mr.  Robacher  is 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  the  Eastern  Star. 
While  in  Dakota  he  was  deputy  sheriff  for  two  years 
and  he  always  takes  an  intelligent  interest  in  politics 
and  the  welfare  of  the  community. 


WILLIAM  GERRARD.  One  and  one  half  miles 
east  from  Coeur  d'Alene  on  the  bank  of  Furnan  lake 
is  the  pleasant  rural  home  of  the  subject  of  this  article. 
He  has  one  hundred  acres  well  improved  with  good 
house,  barn,  and  orchard,  while  he  has  also  a  large  ice 
house  and  keeps  many  boats  and  fishing  tackle  for  the 
use  of  guests,  who  liberally  patronize  him. 

Mr.  Gerrard  was  born  in  Madison  county,  Ohio, 
on  April  2.  1840.  being  the  son  of  John  and  Lerah 
(Busic)  Gerrard,  natives  respectively  of  Ohio  and 
Maryland.  They  were  farmers  in  Madison  county  and 
raised  a  family  of  eleven  children.  The  mother  died 
-when  sixty-five  and  the  father  was  aged  seventy  when 
he  passed  away.  William  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  when  he  had  reached  his  majority  he 
started  for  himself.  He  contracted  in  most  of  the 
southern  and  western  states  and  prospected  much  of 
the  time.  He  was  where  Denver  now  stands  in  1865 
and  in  the  Black  Hills  in  1877.  Then  he  came  to  Mon- 
tana and  then  to  Mission,  Idaho.  In  this  latter  place, 
he  rented  a  portion  of  the  mission  grounds  and  raised 
vegetables.  He  took  a  homestead  right  there  and 
raised  hay  for  twenty-three  years.  He  handled  from 
one  hundred  to  three  hundred  tons  each  year.  Lately 
the  concentrates  from  the  mine  have  destroyed  much  of 
the  value  of  the  land.  He  removed  to  his  present 
place  in  1902,  and  purchased  one  hundred  acres.  Mr. 
Gerrard  has  a  large  ice  house  that  will  hold  five  hun- 
dred tons  of  ice,  and  he  supplies  the  city  of  Coeur 
d'Alene. 

In  September,  1889,  Mr.  Gerrard  married  Mrs. 
Anna  Fetterley,  widow  of  Homer  P.  Fetterley,  and 
daughter  of  Se'verd  and  Martha  (Olson)  Severson,  na- 
tives of  Norway,  who  died  when  this  daughter  was 
young.  By  her  first  marriage,  Mrs.  Gerrard  has  two 
children,  Fred  L.,  who  pays  much  attention  to  the  boats 
and  is  also  a  boat  builder  :  Adelia,  wife  of  Howard  Ely, 
at  Wardner,  Idaho.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gerrard  there 
have  been  born  three  children,  two  of  whom  live,  as 
follows,  Helen  G.,  Francis  M.  Mr.  Gerrard  is  a  Demo- 
crat and  active  in  politics.  He  was  appointed  county 
commissioner  in  1888,  and  so  faithfully  did  he  fill  the 
tmexpired  term  that  he  was  elected  in  1890.  In  1892, 
he  wa?  nominated  for  county  assessor,  but  was  de- 
feated. He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  while  he 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 


EMORY  B.  MARTIN.  This  well  to  do  agricul- 
turist and  capable  citizen  of  Kootenai  county  has  a 
fruit  and  vegetable  farm  three  miles  northwest  from 
Rathdrum.  He  is  the  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Nancy 


(Boughman)  Martin,  natives  of  Tennessee,  and  was 
born  on  March  10,  1848.  The  parents  removed  to 
Arkansas  in  an  early  day  arid  the  father  served  in  the 
Mexican  war,  where  he  contracted  a  malady  from 
which  he  died  later.  Emory  B.  was  denied  the  privilege 
of  schools  in  early  life,  as  he  was  always  on  the 
frontier,  but  has  gained  a  good  business  training 
from  practical  contact  in  active  life.  He  en- 
listed in  1864  in  Company  I,  Forty-sixth  Mis- 
souri, under  Captain  Piland,  this  being  in  the  vol- 
unteer infantry,  and  on  May  12,  1865  he  was  mustered 
out.  He  went  home  and  farmed  and  then  later  came 
to  Missouri,  where  he  tilled  the  soil  for  thirteen  years. 
Again  he  went  to  Arkansas  and  for  three  years  was 
numbered  with  the  farmers  there.  In  1886  he  located 
in  Rathdrum  and  in  1888  he  took  his  present  place. 
He  has  a  quarter  section  and  in  addition  to  general 
farming  he  raises  stock  and  his  orchard  is  finely  se- 
lected and  contains  three  hundred  trees. 

In  1873  Mr.  Martin  married  Miss  Margret  M., 
daughter  of  John  and  Louisa  (Watts)  Adkins,  na- 
tives respectively  of  North  Carolina  and  West  Vir- 
ginia. The  father  was  a  volunteer  in  the  Union  army 
in  1863  and  in  October,  1865,  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged, having  spent  much  of  the  time  on  the  plains 
in  fighting  Indians.  After  his  discharge  he  went  to 
Missouri,  where  he  farmed  until  1887,  then  came  west 
to  Kootenai  county  the  same  year.  He  died  here-  in 
1889  and  is  buried  in  Pine  Grove  cemetery  at  Rath- 
drum,  having  survived  his  wife  about  six  years.  Mrs. 
Martin  was  born  on  October  14,  1851,  in  Tennessee 
and  came  to  Kansas,  where  she  was  educated,  also 
gaining  much  of  her  training  by  careful  study  at 
home.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  there  have  been 
born  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living,  named 
as  follows:  Felix  E.,  married  to  Mary  J.  Bateman, 
living  in  Coeur  dAlene;  David  E.,  with  parents; 
Martha  K.,  wife  of  A.  W.  Beck,  at  Priest  River; 
Thomas  E.,  Bertha  H.  Mr.  Martin  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Church  of  Christ.  Mrs.  Martin  is  a  member  of  the 
school  board,  and  has  been  for  two  years. 


WILLIAM  M.  McCARTER  is  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  successful  hosts  in  the  state  of  Idaho 
and  is  now  operating  a  first-class  and  excellent  hotel 
on  the  banks  of  the  Saint  Joseph  river  in  the  town 
of  Saint  Maries.  An  epitome  of  his  career  would  be 
properly  placed  in  the  history  of  his  county  and  there- 
fore we  append  such. 

William  M.  McCarter  was  born  in  county  Kent, 
Canada,  on  July  27,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Jeremiah 
and  Catherine  (Lints)  McCarter.  He  grew  up  on 
a  farm  and  attended  the  public  schools  and  at  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  started  out  for  himself,  going  first 
to  Humboldt  county,  California,  where  he  labored  in 
the  woods  for  six  years.  In  the  fall  of  1894  he  came 
to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  there  also  took  up 
lumbering  until  1899.  In  the  last  year  mentioned  he 
came  to  Saint  Maries  and  opened  a  hotel.  He 


WILLIAM  M.  McCARTER. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


started  in  a  small  building  having  but  five  bed  rooms. 
But  it  soon  became  evident  that  no  ordinary  hotel  man 
had  taken  up  his  abode  in  Saint  Maries.  His  genial 
and  affable  ways,  his  kind  and  painstaking  efforts  for 
the  comfort  and  accommodation  of  guests,  his  excel- 
lent management,  his  wise  methods  of  executing  all 
things  pertaining  to  the  house  in  an  orderly  and  com- 
fortable manner,  all  combined  to  make  Mr.  McCarter 
one  of  the  most  popular  hotel  men  in  this  western 
country  and  the  result  was  as  could  be  anticipated,  his 
house  was  speedily  too  small  to  accommodate  the  im- 
mense patronage  that  began  to  set  in.  In  the  spring 
of  1901  he  began  the  erection  of  a  fine  two-story 
building  on  the" banks  of  the  Saint  Joseph  river.  This 
contained  a  large  office,  dining  room,  kitchen,  and  so 
forth,  with  sample  rooms  and  seventeen  commodious 
sleeping  apartments.  A  year  later  he  was  forced  to 
build  again  and  this  time  he  erected  a  three  story 
structure,  the  lower  floor  containing  a  ge'neral  mer- 
chandise establishment  and  the  upper  stories  being 
divided  into  fifty-nine  bedrooms.  This  gives  him 
seventy-six  sleeping  apartments,  while  another  two- 
story  building  which  he  has  constructed  is  used  for 
a  bar  and  the  upper  part  for  lodge  rooms.  Thus  Mr. 
McCarter  has  one  of  the  largest  and  best  equipped 
houses  in  the  state.  Every  part  is  nicely  and  newly 
furnished  and  all  is  operated  with  the  finest  manage- 
ment for  comfort  and  convenience.  Mr.  McCarter  has 
also  a  nine  room  dwelling  where  his  family  resides. 

On  June  i,  igo2,  Mr.  McCarter  married  Miss  Ella 
'Sparks  of  Rathdrum.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Elks 
in  Spokane  and  of  the  Redmen  and  Foresters  in  Har- 
rison. Mr.  McCarter's  father  died  in  1882,  in  Can- 
ada. On  June  24,  1886,  Mrs.  McCarter  married  again, 
George  Keeley  becoming  her  husband.  They  re- 
moved to  Vermillion.  Ohio,  that  year  and  also  lived  in 
different  states  until  1899,  when  they  came  to  Sayit 
Maries  and  are  connected  with  our  subject  in  handling 
the  hotel.  Mr.  McCarter  has  his  own  water  works, 
operates  his  own  electric  light  plant  and  in  every  re- 
spect his  house  is  a  first  class  hotel  where  comfort- 
able and  excellent  accommodations  are  furnished  the 
traveling  public. 


RICHARD  TAUTENHAHN.  The  pluck,  per- 
tenacity,  industry  and  real  worth  manifested  by  Mr. 
Tautenhahn  are  exceedingly  commendable,  and  he  is 
esteemed  by  all  who  know  him,  having  made  a  bright 
-success  in  this  county,  where  he  had  previously  suf- 
fered the  loss  of  everything.  Richard  was  born  in 
Schneeberg,  Saxony,  Germany,  on  March  22,  1851, 
"being  the  son  of  August  and  Augusta  (Boomer) 
Tautenhahn,  also  natives  of  the  fatherland,  where  they 
lived  on  a  farm  until  the  time  of  their  death.  Our 
subject  received  a  good  education  and  at  the  age  of 
fifteen  years  apprenticed  himself  to  learn  the  shoe- 
maker's trade,  which  required  three  years.  One  year 
was  then  spent  working  for  wages  and  then  he  learned 
to  make  lace  and  embroidery,  at  which  he  labored  foi 
twelve  years.  It  was  in  1879  that  he  came  to  the 


Jnited  States,  locating  in  Pepin  county,  Wisconsin. 
He  worked  at  his  trade  for  one  year  and  came  to 
Minnesota,  where  he  opened  a  shoe  shop.  Three 
years  later  he  came  west  and  for  six  months  he 
traveled  all  over  the  coast  and  finally  located  in  Rath- 
drum.  He  opened  a  shoe  shop  and  did  well  but  soon 
had  the  misfortune  to  lose  all  his  earthly  wealth  by 
a  disastrous  fire.  Then  he  came  to  his  present  place, 
•  miles  west  from  Rathdrum,  and  took  a  pre-emp- 
.  He  was  so  closely  burned  in  the  fire  that  he  did 
not  have  a  dollar.  He  brought  his  victuals  with  him 
ml  labored  almost  day  and  night  until  he  had  a  little 
abin  for  his  wife  and'  five  small  children.  To  a  less 
esolute  man  this  would  have  been  a  discouraging 
proposition  to  support  this  household  with  no  start. 
But  Mr.  Tautenhahn  never  knew  what  defeat  meant 
ind  he  put  his  shoulder  to  the  work  and  is  today  one 
>f  the  prosperous  and  well-to-do  men  of  the  county. 
He  has  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  good  land, 
handles  a  brick  kiln  each  summer,  has  a  fine  orchard, 
•s  general  farming  and  also  raises  stock. 
In  1874  Mr.  Tautenhahn  married  Miss  Anna, 
daughter  of  Antone  Mockel,  a  native  of  Germany, 
where  he  remained  until  the  time  of  his  death.  To 
this  happy  union  there  were  eight  children  born: 
Martha,  wife  of  Fred  Reiniger,  living  in  Silver  Bow, 
Montana;  Hattie,  wife  of  William  Miller,  living  in 
Butte,  Montana;  Oswald,  living  with  parents;  Flora, 
wife  of  Joe  Alexander,  in  Spokane,  Washington; 
Francis,  Anna,  Richard  and  Clara.  Mr.  Tautenhahn 
is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  F.,  Court  14,  Rathdrum,  and 
he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  German  Lutheran 
church. 


MICHAEL  A.  HICKEY.  This  well  known  and 
influential  gentleman  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  his 
community  and  has  long  been  a  stanch  laborer  in 
various  sections  for  general  advancement  and  upbuild- 
ing, while  since  his  advent  into  Kootenai  county  he 
has  been  a  potent  factor  in  its  progress  and  is  a  man 
of  real  worth  and  wearing  qualities,  being  highly  es- 
teemed and  respected. 

Michael  Hickey  was  born  in  the  northwestern  part 
of  Oneida  county.  New  York,  on  January  I,  1852, 
being  the  son  of  Patrick  and  Bridget  (Noonan) 
Hickey,  natives  of  Ireland,  whence  they  came  to  Que- 
bec, in  1846.  and  to  Oneida  county,  New  York,  later, 
where  they  farmed  until  their  death,  the  father  pass- 
ing away  'in  1862  and  the  mother  in  1865.  They  are 
buried  in  Weston,  New  York.  We  see  in  the  an- 
cestry of  our  subject  the  secret  of  his  stirring  and 
influential  career.  He  attended  school  in  the  winters 
and  worked  on  the  farm  in  summers  until  seventeen, 
when  the  summers  were  spent  on  the  canal,  then  four 
vears  were  spent  in  a  grist  mill  and  a  grocery  store. 
When  twenty-one  he  came  to  Monroe  county,  Michi- 
gan and  engaged  in  a  bending  factory,  where  all 
kinds  of  woodenware  and  so  forth  were  bent  for  use. 
He  worked  two  years  in  the  woods  in  Montcalrn 
county,  then  labored  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail- 
road "in  Indiana,  then  returned  to  Michigan  and  in 


9o6 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1890  we  see  him  headed  west;  he  labored  on  the  cut- 
off from  Wallace  to  Mission,  then  went  to  Portland, 
where  he  operated  on  the  Southern  Pacific  for  a  time. 
After  going  to  Spokane  he  finally  took  the  homestead 
where  he  now  lives,  about  two  miles  southeast  from 
Spokane  Bridge.  He  has  a  good  farm,  well  improved 
with  good  house,  barn,  orchard  and  fifty  acres  under 
cultivation.  In  1898  he  went  to  Republic,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  took  three  mining  claims  and  still  has 
a  portion  of  them,  being  a  member  of  the  company 
that  owns  the  Spokane  Queen  and  Poorman,  and  is 
director. 

In  1879  Mr.  Hickey  married  Miss  Sarah,  daugh- 
ter of  William  and  Rebecca  (Vanliew)  Tubbs,  natives 
of  Ohio.  The  wife  died  one  year  after  the  marriage. 

Mr.  'Hickey  is  a  gold  Democrat,  but  on  account 
of  the  high  feeling  in  the  silver  times  he  held  to  the 
principles  mentioned  and  that  placed  him  on  the  Re- 
publican side  of  the  fence.  He  was  nominated  in 
1898  as  justice  of  the  peace,  and  as  his  precinct  was 
strongly  Democratic  and  the  fttsionists  were  rampant 
there  was  not  a  ghost  of  a  show  for  him  to  be  elected, 
being  nominated  on  the  Republican  ticket,  but  to  his 
great  surprise  a  count  of  votes  revealed  that  he  was 
justice  of  the  peace.  This  was  repeated  at  another 
time,  when  he  and  the  county  surveyor  were  the  only 
officers  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  in  the  entire 
county.  This  remarkable  record  demonstrates  con- 
clusively the  popularity  of  Mr.  Hickey  among  his 
fellows  and  it  is  cause  for  pardonable  pride.  He 
has  been  chairman  of  the  school  board  for  three  years 
and  road  overseer  for  one  year.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  A.  O.  F. 


HIRAM  HERRING.  About  three  miles  south  of 
Spokane  Bridge  is  located  one  of  the  best  farms  of 
the  vicinity,  being  an  attractive  and  valuable  place, 
and  the  owner  of  it  is  the  subject  of  this  article.  This 
land  was  acquired  by  Mr.  Herring  from  the  govern- 
ment by  homestead  right  in  1892,  and  since  that  time 
it  has  been  the  family  home  and  is  now  producing  an- 
nually a  fine  return  in  fruits  and  vegetables,  while  also 
Mr.  Herring  does  some  general  farming,  handling 
some  stock  too.  He  is  a  man  of  uprightness  and  good 
ability  and  has  made  a  clean  record  during  his  stay 
here  as  he  has  also  heretofore.  Hiram  was  born  in 
Putnam  county,  Missouri,  on  January  25,  1859,  being 
the  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Moore) 'Herring,  natives 
of  Missouri.  The  father  gathered  his  substance  to- 
gether and  started  across  the  plains  with  his  family  in 
1866,  but  fate  decreed  that  he  should  never  see  the  end 
of  the  journey  and  he  sleeps  by  the  old  emigrant  trail 
of  manv  vears  ago.  The  mother  took  up  the  sad  bur- 
dens of  life  in  this  hard  place  and  came  through  to 
Linn  county,  Oregon,  where  she  married  John  Garrett 
in  1869  and'  they  now  live  in  Brownsville.  Our  subject 
gained  his  education  in  Brownsville  and  started  out  in 
life  for  himself  early.  At  twenty-one  he  married  and 
settled  on  a  farm,  until  1885,  when  he  removed  to 
Spokane.  For  six  years  he  was  head  sawyer  for  Car- 
ter Brothers,  and  then  in  1892,  as  spoken  above,  he 


took  his  present  place  as  a  homestead  and  here  he  has- 
bestowed  his  labors  with  wisdom  and  faithfulness 
since,  as  the  entire  premises  testify. 

In  September,  1878,  Mr.  Herring  married  Miss 
Emma,  daughter  of  Cal  and  Elizabeth  (Blue)  Hodges, 
who  were  among  the  very  first  emigrants  that  braved 
the  dangers  and  hardships  of  the  earliest  trips  across 
the  plains  in  the  early  forties.  They  located  in  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  and  now  live  at  Canyonville,  Oregon. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herring  there  have  been  born  ten 
children,  named  as  follows :  Altie  I.,  Lottie  T.,  Gladvs 
J.,  Grover  C,  Hugh  F.,  Johnnie  H.  and  Elvin.  These 
are  all  at  home  with  their  parents.  The  three  deceased 
are,  Goldie,  who  died  in  infancy;  Freddie,  who  died 
when  eighteen  months  old;  Marcellus  who  was  killed 
by  a  falling  tree,  March  6,  1901,  aged  eighteen  years. 
In  political  matters,  Mr.  Herring  is  a  Democrat  and 
takes  an  active  part  in  this  important  work.  He  has  a 
nice  home  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  men  of  the 
county  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  have  been  enabled 
to  accord  to  him  and  his  estimable  family  a  representa- 
tion in  this  volume. 


JOHN  THERLEEN   has  made  a  commendable 
ecord  as  an  orchardist  on  his  fine  farm  which  is  lo- 
d one  half  miles  south   from  Spokane 


cated   f 

Bridge,  its  altitude  being 

kane  ;  he  has  an  excellent 

besides  much  small  fruit. 

weigh  twenty-two  ounces  each  and 


thousand  feet  above  Spo- 
chard of  six  hundred  trees, 
He  has  raised  apples  that 
trawberries  that 


farm  produces  fruit  in  abundance.  Mr.  Therleen  has 
labored  with  great  industry  and  wisdom  and  his  place 
bespeaks  his  thrift  and  care.  In  addition  to  this  fine 
shewing,  he  operates  a  blacksmith  shop  on  the  farm, 
and  does  a  good  business. 

John  Therleen  was  born  in  Yath,  Sweden,  on  Feb- 
ruary 16,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Catherine 
(Johnson)  Therleen,  also  natives  of  that  country, 
where  the  father  did  a  tailor  business.  The  son  was- 
educated  there  and  learned  the  tailor  trade  with  his- 
father,  then  went  to  sea  for  two  years,  after  which  he 
worked  for  his  uncle  and  in  1881  came  to  Stillwater, 
Minnesota.  He  farmed  in  the  summers  and  went  to 
the  woods  in  the  winters,  continuing  this  for  seven 
years.  Then  he  went  to  Montana  and  handled  stock 
for  a  time,  after  which  he  worked  on  the  railroad,  and" 
in  1890,  engaged  in  a  shingle  mill.  Then  he  took 
charge  of  Kilpatrick's  farm  for  one  year,  then  rented 
it  and  in  1891,  he  worked  for  Kilpatrick  at  Hope, 
Idaho.  In  1895,  he  took  charge  of  Dr.  Lieberg's 
farm,  on  Pend  Oreille.  then  went  to  Rathdrum  and 
took  a  position  in  E.  Manor's  store.  From  this  he 
handled  a  peddling  wagon  in  share  with  Manor  until 
1896,  when  he  purchased  a  man's  right  to  the  place- 
where  he  now  lives.  He  has  bestowed  his  labor  here 
since  that  time  and  has  made  a  good  home  of  this  place. 
He  has  it  well  improved  and  also  raises  some  blooded 
stock. 

In  1893,    Mr.    Therleen    married    Miss    Barbara,. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


.  ,        . 

ommitteeman  for  his  precinct;  he  is  an  ardent  sup- 
orter of  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party.  He 
nd  his  wife  belong  to  the  Swedish  Lutheran  church. 


GEORGE  S.  TITUS  is 


of    the    industrio 


farmers  whose  skill  and  labors  have  given  him  a  good 
competence  in  worldly  property  ;  his  family  home  is  on 
his  farm  two  miles  south  from  Spokane  Bridge.  He 
has  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  does  a  general  farm- 
ing business,  raises  stock,  and  has  a  good  orchard. 

Mr.  Titus  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  New  York, 
on  December  12,  1861.  being  the  son  of  Stevens  and 
Mary  fBush)  Titus,  natives  of  the  same  county.  In 
1  88  1,  they  came  to  Colorado  and  there  farmed  until 
their  death.  They  had  three  sons  and  one  daughter, 
named  as  follows,  Clark,  a  farmer  in  Colorado  ;  Willit, 
a  graduate  of  Harvard  college,  and  died  in  Colorado 
in  1878:  Fanny,  wife  of  Walter  Freeman,  in  Chicago; 
George  S.,  the  subject  of  this  article.  He  was  educated 
in  the  country  schools  in  his  native  county  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  Colorado,  where  he  farmed  for 
seven  years.  Two  years  were  then  spent  in  Los  Ani- 
rnas,  Colorado,  and  then  he  came  to  Spokane,  about 
1890.  He  worked  some  and  purchased  forty  acres 
near  Chester.  Washington,  'which  was  the  home  for 
three  years.  Then  he  sold  and  took  his  present  place 
as  a  homestead. 

In  1883,  Mr.  Titus  married  Miss  Marila  Work, 
whose  mother  was  a  widow  living  at  Longmont,  Colo- 
rado. They  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  came  to 
Iowa  where  the  father  died  and  then  they  removed  to 
Longmont.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Titus,  there  have  been 
born  four  children,  as  follows,  Raymond  L.,  Ralph, 
deceased,  Myrtle  and  Grace.  In  1892  Mrs..  Titus  died 
and  is  buried  at  Saltese  Lake.  Mr.  Titus  is  a  member 
of  theT.  O.  O.  F.,  Eric  Lodge,  No.  46,  in  Colorado.  He 
has  been  road  overseer  for  two  terms  and  also  on  the 
school  board  for  two  terms.  Mr.  Titus  made  a  trip  to 
Colorado  since  coming  here,  where  he  remained  one 
•  and  one  half  years.  Upon  his  return,  he  was  so  well 
pleased  with  the  climate  and  general  resources  of 
Kootenai  county  that  he  determined  to  remain  here  the 
rest  of  his  life,  believing  this  to  be  far  ahead  of  even 
the  famed  Colorado. 


WILLIS  CARTER  has  had  a  career  well  filled 
with  various  and  stirring  business  ventures,  which 
display  the  talent  and  energy  of  which  he  is  happily 
possessed.  At  present  he  has  a  fine  home  two  and 
one-half  miles  south  from  Spokane  Bridge,  where  he 
has  an  orchard  that  numbers  sixteen  hundred  trees  of 
all  the  leading  varieties  of  apples  and  other  fruits  of 


this  latitude.  He  also  handles  some  stock  and  oper- 
ates a  saw  mill.  Mr.  Carter  was  born  on  January  10, 
1842,  in  Ontario,  Canada,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Sally  (Tower")  Carter,  natives  of  Canada,  where  they 
farmed  until  their  death  some  years  since.  Willis  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  started  for  himself.  He  purchased  a  farm 
and  sawmill  from  his  father  and  operated  them  four 
years,  then  came  to  the  United  States,  locating  in  Ne- 
vada. Two  years  later,  he  went  to  British  Columbia, 
and  thence  to  Spokane,  Washington,  where  he  and  his 
brother  started  the  first  machine  shop  and  foundry  in 
that  place.  He  purchased  the  plant  from  a  man  who 
had  just  erected  it;  it  also  contained  a  good  blacksmith 
shop.  Mr.  Carter  did  the  first  casting  ever  done  in 
Spokane,  and  operated  this  establishment  for  ten  years. 
Then  he  sold  and  went  to  California,  where  he  took  up 
fourteen  hundred  acres  of  land,  but  sold  his  interest 
before  he  proved  up.  His  renumeration  for  this  was  a 
house  and  lot  in  Jefferson  City,  Pennsylvania,  which 
he  had  never  seen.  He  returned  to  Spokane,  bought 
saw  mill  machinery  and  traded  some  property  he  had 
on  Main  street  in  that  city  for  one  hundred  and  twenty 
acres  where  he  now  lives,  two  and  one-half  miles  south 
from  Spokane  Bridge.  He  operated  the  sawmill 
steadily  for  three  years  and  then  turned  his  attention 
more  to  improving  his  farm.  As  stated  above,  he  has 
an  excellent  orchard  which  is  a  source  of  good  divid- 
ends annually.  At  one  time,  Mr.  Carter  had  interests 
in  mines  in  Rossland  which  he  .sold  for  fifteen  thousand 
dollars.  Mr.  Carter  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  his 
section  and  has  done  business  in  a  commendable  man- 
ner for  the  years  in  which  he  has  operated. 

His  father's  family  consisted  of  seven  boys  and  one 
girl,  named  as  follows,  David,  married  and  living  in 
Minnesota :  John  married  and  living  in  British  Colum- 
bia ;  George,  married  and  living  in  Toronto,  Canada ; 
Willis,  the  subject  of  this  sketch ;  William,  single  and 
living  in  Spokane ;  Lyman,  married  and  living  in  Spo- 
kane; Levi,  a  widower,  living  in  Kootenai  county; 
Mary,  single,  living  in  Spokane. 


JOHN  W.  WILLIS.  About  two  miles  east  from 
Spokane  Bridge  is  located  the  home  of  the  subject  of 
this  article.  It  is  a  good  farm  and  Mr.  Willis  is  one 
of  the  younger  men  of  Kootenai  county  who  has 
gained  here  a  fine  success  both  as  a  general  farmer 
and  especially  as  a  breeder  of  fine  stock.  He  has  a 
thoroughbred  Norman  stallion  weighing  sixteen  hun- 
dred pounds,  Echo  Eleven.  He  also  has  about  twenty 
head  of  splendid  horses,  some  cattle  and  fifty  Berk- 
shire hogs,  one  of  which  number  is  a  fine  male. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  trace  the  personal  career 
of  this  man  and  we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Oregon 
City,  Oregon,  on  January  25,  1873,  being  the  son  of 
Andy  and  _Marv  (Beecham)  Willis.  The  father 
:ame  with  his  parents  to  Oregon  when  he  was  about 
wo  years  of  age.  His  father  died  there;  the  family 
has  remained  twenty  years  in  that  place.  The  father 
of  our  subject  started  a  livery  stable  in  Oregon  City 


•9o8 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  is  still  engaged  in  raisin 
educated  in  Oregon  City, 
and  at  the  age  of  s 


and  also  raised  blooded  horses.  He  was  very  skill- 
ful in  this  line,  as  his  son  is  also.  He  raised  Emegon 
Dick,  Mark  Hanna,  Timbuck  and  others,  all  running 
horses  of  note.  He  also  had  some  very  excellent 
stallions.  He  now  lives  in  Sherman  county,  where 
g  stock.  Our  subject  was 
ortland  and  The  Dalles 
he  started  for  himself. 

He  freighted  from  The  Dalles  to  Canyon  City  and 
raised  stock  for  seven  years,  then  sold  out  and  bought 
a  livery  stable  in  Portland.  Two  yea»s  he  devoted 
himself  to  handling  that  property  and  then  sold  it 
and  same  to  Kootenai  county.  He  bought  the  quar- 
ter where  he  now  resides.  He  has  a  fine  orchard, 
about  one-third  of  the  land  under  cultivation  and  does 
a  good  business  in  handling  stock  and  general  farm- 

In  1898  Mr.  Willis  married  Miss  Helen  E.  Lewis, 
whose  parents  were  natives  of  Germany.  They  came  to 
Minnesota  and  there  farmed  until  tlie  death  of  the 
father  in  1884.  The  mother  still  lives  in  Cold 
Springs,  Minnesota.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Willis,  namely:  Leo  A.  and  Norman 
E.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Willis  is  inclined  to 
liberal  views,  reversing  his  judgment  for  the  man  and 
his  principles  rather  than  tying  to  a  party.  He  dis- 
plays commendable  activity  in  furthering  the  cause 
for  which  he  stands.  He  fraternizes  with  the  Red- 
men,  Minnehaha  Lodge,  in  Portland.  Mr.  Willis,  as 
his  father  before  him,  has  already  made  a  good  record 
in  handling  stock  and  we  man  look  for  further  and 
excellent  results  from  his  skillful  work. 


AUGUST  OAKLAND.  Some  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial of  Kootenai  county's  citizens  have  made  their 
worldly  wealth  since  coming  hither  and  among  this 
number  of  successful  men  we  are  constrained  to  men- 
tion the  subject  of  this  article,  who  is  located  one 
mile  southeast  from  Spokane  Bridge  and  has  a  good 
farm,  well  improved  with  good  buildings,  as  house, 
barn,  chicken  houses  and  outbuildings  of  all  kinds 
needed,  while  he  cultivates  seventy-five  acres  and  has 
an  orchard  of  four  acres  of  all  the  leading  varieties 
of  fruits.  Mr.  Oakland  is  one  of  the  enterprising  and 
influential  men  of  his  section  and  the  success  that  he 
has  wrought  out  does  him  great  credit. 

He  was  born  in  central  Sweden,  on  February  7, 
1855,  being  the  son  of  John  O.  and  Matilda  (Lun- 
green)  Oakland,  natives  of  the  same  country.  They 
came  to  America  and  located  in  Burnett  county,  Wis- 
consin, in  1868,  and  the  father  was  three  weeks  in 
cutting  the  road  from  the  bay  to  his  place.  He  has 
now  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  that  county  and  raises 
considerable  stock.  August  was  educated  in  his  na- 
tive country  and  in  America  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
went  into  the  pineries  and  in  that  capacity  and  on  the 
-drive  he  worked  for  nineteen  years.  Then  he  bought 
a  forty  and  as  he  was  unable  to  make  a  living  on  that 
amount  of  land,  he  borrowed  fifty  dollars  and  came  to 
Spokane,  landing  there  on  the  last  day  of  February, 


1890.  He  worked  on  the  foundation  of  the  Traders 
National  Bank  and  harvested  in  the  Palouse  and  then 
returned  to  labor  on  the' Rookery  in  Spokane.  Then 
he  sent  for  his  family  and  they  sold  the  forty  and 
came  to  him.  They  bought  a  squatter's  right  to  the 
place  where  he  now  lives,  it  being  one  hundred  and 
forty  acres  of  good  land.  He  purchased  a  building 
from  the  Indians  and  moved  it  on  the  ground  and  then 
went  to  work  to  make  a  home  and  a  valuable  farm. 
He  has  accomplished  this  in  a  first  class  manner  and 
his  estate  returns  him  good  annual  dividends.  He  has 
nine  head  of  neat  cattle  and  six  horses. 

In  1878  Mr.  Oakland  married  Miss  Grace,  daugh- 
ter of  Olif  and  Engebore  Nelson,  natives  of  Sweden, 
who  came  to  America,  locating  at  Wood  Lake,  Bur- 
nett county,  Wisconsin,  in  1869,  where  they  died.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Oakland  there  have  been  born  seven 
children,  Adelia,  married  to  Jerome  Manor,  in  Post- 
falls ;  Erne,  George  N.,  Maud,  Walter,  Sydney  and 
Harold.  Mr.  Oakland  has  been  school  clerk  for  one 
year  and  road  supervisor  for  the  same  length  of  time, 
and  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in  1902.  It  is 
very  creditable  that  coming  to  this  country  with  no 
means  and  in  debt,  he  has  made  him  a  comfortable 
home,  gained  a  good  competence  and  is  now  one  of  the 
worthy  and  leading  men  of  his  community.  Mrs.  Oak- 
land was  the  first  woman  elected  to  office  in  Kootenai 
county.  She  was  elected  school  director  in  1890  and 
again  in  1892  and  is  now  serving  as  clerk  of  the  board. 


CHARLES  HORN.  To  be  a  veteran  who  fought 
for  the  stars  and  stripes  in  the  days  of  internecine 
strife  and  rebellion  is  to  be  pointed  out  as  a  man  who 
deserves  the  praise  and  approbation  of  his  fellows. 
To  have  been  a  pioneer  in  the  various  places  of  the 
west,  striving  against  the  many  forces  which  were  at- 
tempting to  overwhelm  the  invader  of  nature's  do- 
ability.  But  to  have  been  in  both  of  these  meritor- 
ious positions  as  has  the  estimable  gentleman  whose 
name  is  heading  this  paragraph,  is  to  DC  a  conspic- 
uous figure  in  every  line  in  which  patriotism  arid  en- 
terprise can  distinguish  a  man. 

Charles  Horn  was  born  in  Germersheim,  on  the 
Rhine,  in  Germany,  on  April  8,  1839,  being  the  son  of 
Francis  and  Mary  (Koontz)  Horn,  both  natives  of 
Bavaria.  They  came  to  America  in  1868, 'lived  one 
year  in  New  York  and  returned  to  Germany,  where 
they  died  in  1878.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  na- 
tive place  and  there  received  his  education.  When 
fifteen  he  learned  the  stone  mason  trade  and  in  1859 
he  came  to  the  United  States,  landing  in  New  York 
in  June.  In  April.  1861.  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty- 
fifth  New  York  Volunteers  under  General  Sigel  and 
served  for  four  years  and  four  months.  Mr.  Horn 
was  a  man  of  co'urage,  which  he  displayed  on  many 
a  hard  contested  field.  At  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he 
was  shot  through  the  leg  and  also  had  one  eye  put 
out  by  a  shell.  He  lay  in  this  distressed  condition  on 
the  field  for  two  days  before  the  rescuing  parties 


AUGUST  OAKLAND.  CHARLES  HORN. 


JOHN  D.  CARROLL.  WILLIAM  H.  LYON. 


WILLIAM  EATON. 


FRANCIS  M.  MARKHAM.  DAVID  PHIFER. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


909. 


found  him.  For  five  months  he  languished  in  the 
hospital  before  being  able  to  again  join  his  command. 
Then  he  served  under  Hooker  at  Lookout  Mountain 
and  also  at  Resaca  as  well  as  in  many  other  con- 
flicts. On  October  15,  1865,  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged and  returned  to  his  home  in  New  York. 
Later  he  settled  in  Brooklyn  and  remained  until  1871 
when  he  came  to  Chicago  and  in  1873  to  St.  Paul 
and  also  to  other  places  in  Minnesota  until  1879,  fol- 
lowing his  trade  in  each  place.  Then  he  went  to 
Otterail  county  and  took  a  homestead.  In  1883  he 
was  in  Richmond,  Virginia,  then  two  years  in  Balti- 

Texa's,  two  "years  m  St.  Louis,  again  in  Minnesota  m 
1889,  and  finally  in  1893  Mr.  Horn  came  to  Kootenai 
county.  His  present  home  is  two  miles  north  from 
Valley  and  here  he  is  handling  a  farm. 

On  November  5,  1865,  in  Brooklyn,  Mr.  Horn 
married  Theodora,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Hellina 
(Dick)  Gertum,  natives  of  Germany,  mention  of 
whom  is  made  in  another  portion  of  this  work.  Mrs. 
Horn  is  one  of  a  family  of  five  children.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Horn  there  have  been  born  children  as  fol- 
lows: Mary,  wife  of  Louis  Wilson,  in  Kootenai 
county;  Charles,  married  and  living  in  this  county; 
Frank,  married;  George,  married,  both  being  in 
Kootenai  county ;  Lena,  wife  of  James  McClelland,  in 
Asotin  county,  Washington;  Josie,  wife  of  George 
Tanner,  in  Asotin  county,  Washington ;  Edward,  with 
his  parents.  Mr.  Horn  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 
and  a  charter  member  of  the  F.  O.  A.,  at  Priest 
River.  He  and  his  family  affiliate  with  the  Catholic 
church  and  are  well  respected  people  and  substantial 
citizens  of  this  county. 


JOHN  D.  CARROLL  is  one  of  the  typical  pio- 
neers and  frontiersmen  of  the  northwest,  having  made 
his  way  into  the  fastnesses  of  every  state  and  ter- 
ritory west  of  the  Rockies  and  being  in  this  section 
nearly  forty  years  ago.  He  has  experienced  all  the 
various  ups  and  downs  of  the  miner,  making  much 
money  and  investing  in  various  undertakings,  while 
in  it  all  he  has  gone  through  the  hardships  that  only 
the  sturdy  and  unflinching  pioneer  knows  about  or 
can  undergo.  He  is  a  man  of  the  true  metal  and  has 
shown  his  courage  and  spirit  in  hundreds  of  trying 
places. 

A  brief  outline  of  this  adventurous  career  will  be 
interesting  reading  for  the  history  of  Kootenai  county 
and  therefore  we  append  it.  John  D.  Carroll  is  of 
pure  Irish  blood,  and  this  speaks  volumes  in  explan- 
ation of  his  stirring  career  on  the  frontier.  He  was 
born  in  Dublin  on  January  5,  1832.  being  the  son  of 
James  and  Sarah  (Dolton)  Carroll,  both  natives  of 
that  famous  island  also.  The  father  was  a  tanner  by 
trade  and  died  in  1858,  and  the  mother  died  in  1886, 
both  being  buried  in  Dublin.  John  D.  went  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  on  a  seafaring  trip  in  the  Mediterranean 
and  in  1849  on  the  crest  of  the  mining  excitement  in 
California  we  find  him  and  as  a  presaging  omen  of 


his  career,  he  made  a  success  from  the  begining.  In 
1858  he  was  in  the  Fraser  river  country  and  one  year 
later  was  mining  in  Plaza  country,  California.  In 
1860  he  started  for  some  of  the  promising  fields  in 
Oregon  and  a  little  later  we  see  him  in  Orofino,  Idaho. 
He  also  dug  the  shining  metal  in  Florence  and  there 
paid  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents  for  a  pound  of  flour. 
He  made  a  trip  to  San  Francisco  about  this  time  and 
then  returned  to  the  pick  and  shovel  in  Silver  City, 
Idaho,  where  he  prospered  for  one  and  one-half  year's. 
In  1864  he  came  to  the  Bonners  Ferry  country  and  dis- 
covered the  diggings  on  Wild  Horse  creek  and  in  three 
weeks  washed  out  nearly  four  thousand  dollars  of 
dust  with  a  pan.  He  sold  and  went  to  San  Francisco 
and  then  mined  in  Nevada  and  three  or  four  years 
later  was  following  his  chosen  occupation  in  the  fa- 
mous Bodie  country.  Two  years  there  and  he  went  to 
Sonora,  Mexico,  and  spent  twenty-seven  months  in 
that  republic.  Then  he  mined  in  San  Bernardino 
county,  California,  then  in  Utah,  then  on  Wood  river, 
Idaho,  and  more  or  less  he  has  kept  it  up  until  this 
date.  Mr.  Carroll  has  universally  been  blessed  with 
success,  has  made  plenty  of  money  and  has  had  a  wide 
range  of  experience  in  all  these  lines  of  frontier  work. 
In  1889  he  operated  a  ferry  for  a  year  and  a  half  in'. 
Montana  at  Thompson  Falls.  In  1891  he  located  on 
his  present  homestead,  three  miles  south  from  Cope- 
land.  He  cuts  sixty  or  more  tons  of  hay  each  year, 
raises  cattle  and  does  a  general  farming  business. 

In  1893  Mr.  Carroll  was  appointed  city  marshal  of 
Bonners  Ferry  and  in  defending  the  jail  against  a  mob 
he  was  treated  to  a  bullet  in  his  head,  which  is  still 
lodged  there.  In  1893  a  widower  brother  of  Mr. 
Carroll  came  to  his  place  and  soon  died,  leaving  one 
son,  whom  Mr.  Carroll  has  raised,  he  being  now 
eighteen  years  of  age.  In  political  matters  our  sub- 
ject has  always  evinced  an  active  and  intelligent  in- 
terest and  he  is  one  of  the  progressive  and  capable 
citizens  of  the  county. 


WILLIAM  H.  LYON.  A  continuous  residence 
of  thirteen  years  at  Lakeview  entitles  Mr.  Lyon  to  be 
classed  with  the  pioneers  of  Kootenai  county.  He  has 
witnessed  and  assisted  in  its  progress,  especially  in  the 
development  of  the  mineral  resources. 

The  original  head  of  the  family,  as  far  as  ancestral 
recerds  show,  was  James  Lyon,  an  Englishman,  who- 
came  to  America  in  1660,  settling  in  Connecticut  and 
engaging  in  shipbuilding.  To  him  was  born  Na- 
thaniel, who  also  followed  shipbuilding.  His  son, 
James,  became  an  expert  shipbuilder,  and  in  1800  he 
located  in  Kingston,  Canada,  and  eventually  owned 
and  operated  a  large  line  of  lake  vessels.  He  repre- 
sented Northumberland  county  in  the  Canadian  par- 
liament in  1812,  having  defeated  the  popular  Sir  Al- 
len McNabb,  against  whom  it  was  said  no  other  man 
could  have  won.  On  February  20,  1815,  at  Kingston 
was  born  William,  son  of  James  Lyon.  He  became  a 
marked  student  and  finished  an  extensive  course  of 
study  in  the  fine  institutions  of  Europe.  At  Brigh- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ton,  Canada,  in  1832,  he  married  Miss  Catherine  El- 
lis Elrod,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  E.  Elrod,  of  Toronto. 
To  this  couple  were  born  ten  children,  our  subject  be- 
ing the  third.  Shortly  after  the  marriage  just  men- 
tioned William  and  his  father  James  joined  the  Cana- 
dian rebellion  against  English  authority  and  the  re- 
sult was  they  were  exiled  and  their  property  confis- 
cated. Later  James  petitioned  his  government  from 
the  United  States  whither  he  had  fled  and  secured  a 
reinstatement  to  his  position  and  property.  The  son, 
William,  went  to  Cincinnati  and  became  prominent  as 
a  professor  in  the  Curtis  Medical  College.  Later  he 
established  himself  in  Warren,  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio,  where  our  subject  was  born  on  September  24, 
1837.  He  was  educated  and  reared  in  his  native 
place  and  in  1858  went  west  to  seek  his  fortune.  In 
1859  at  St.  Louis  he  married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of 
John  Cowdrey,  of  Booneville,  Missouri,  who  was  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  being  captain  of  a  Confed- 
erate cavalry.  Mr.  Lyon  went  to  New  Orleans  and 
engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  and  when  the  war 
broke  out  came  north  but  was  unfortunately  landed  at 
Memphis  where  he  was  forced  into  the  Confederate 
ranks.  Obtaining  a  three  days  leave  of  absence  he 
stole  out  of  the  city  and  came  to  Cairo  and  there  en- 
listed with  Major  Warren  Stewart's  battalion,  which 
was  later  joined  to  the  Thirteenth  Illinois  Cavalry. 
He  was  wounded  at  Shiloh  and  mustered  out,  being 
partially  paralyzed  from  the  effects  of  the  wound. 
Recovering  his  health,  Mr.  Lyon  enlisted  in  the  Six- 
teenth Kentucky  Infantry,  on  January  i,  1864,  and 
after  being  gathered  to  Atlanta  was  sent  under  Thomas 
to  Nashville  and  participated  in  the  battles  of  that 
year  wherein  his  division  was  engaged  and  served 
with  great  credit  to  himself  and  profit  to  the  cause. 
On  August  26,  1865,  Mr.  Lyon  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. His  wife  had  died  during  the  war  at  her 
father's  home  in  Booneville,  Missouri,  and  on  April  5, 
1871,  Mr.  Lyon  took  a  second  wife.  Miss  Cecelia 
De  Ash  became  his  bride  on  this  occasion.  Her 
father,  a  colonel  of  the  Second  Louisana  Infantry,  was 
killed  at  Bull  Run.  Mr.  Lyon  was  plantation  agent 
for  a  time  after  the  war  and  in  1876  went  to  the  Black 
Hills  and  in  his  own  words  "left  his  money  there." 
In  1878  he  operated  in  mining  in  Colorado  and  did 
well  until  1882,  when  he  removed  to  Arizona.  In 
1886  he  went  thence  to  California  and  there  pros- 
pected and  operated  a  hotel  in  different  leading  places 
in  the  state.  Mrs.  Lyon,  the  second  wife,  died  in 
1876,  shortly  after  their  trip  west.  In  his  stay  in 
California  Mr.  Lyon  had  contracted  rheumatism  and 
travelled  extensively  to  secure  aid,  going  even  to 
South  America  and  Asia  and  leading  points  in  other 
countries.  In  1890  he  returned  to  the  United  States 
and  at  once  came  to  Kootenai  county  and  located  the 
Cape  Horn  ranch  at  Lakeview  and  although  a  life- 
long Republican  he  received  the  appointment  of  post- 
master from  Cleveland.  Mr.  Lyon  has  a  good  ranch, 
handles  the  mail  and  does  mining  and  prospecting. 
He  has  been  engaged  in  general  merchandising  busi- 
ness since  January  i,  1901.  He  has  three  valuable 
claims,  the  El  Capitan,  going  over  one  hundred  dol- 


lars in  silver;  the  Trinity,  which  runs  well  in  both 
silver  and  gold,  and  the  Big  Six,  which  also  runs  in 
both  precious  metals.  Mills  are  needed  to  further 
develop  these  properties.  Mr.  Lyon  is  a  prominent 
G.  A.  R.  man,  belonging  to  John  Lawton  Post,  No. 
29,  at  Rathdrum. 


WILLIAM  EATON.  This  venerable  gentleman  is 
one  of  the  honored  citizens  of  Bonners  Ferry,  having 
until  recently  been  engaged  in  active  mercantile  life, 
wherein  he  achieved  a  good  success,  while  also  he  has 
always  stood  well  among  the  people  and  is  highly  re- 
spected and  esteemed  at  this  day. 

William  Eaton  was  born  in  Newark,  New  Jersey, 
on  October  13,  1830,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Eunice  (Perce)  Eaton,  natives  of  Vermont  and  Mas- 
sachusetts, respectively.  They  removed  to  Iowa  in 
1840,  remaining  until  1856,  when  they  went  to  Mis- 
souri, where  the  father  died  the  same  year,  aged  fifty- 
six.  The  mother  returned  to  Iowa  and  lived  until  1862, 
dying  then,  aged  seventy-three.  They  were  the  parents 
of  eleven  children  five  of  whom  still  live.  William 
was  educated  in  Iowa,  having  but  scanty  opportunity 
for  schooling.  At  twenty  years  of  age  he  started  for 
himself  in  life's  course.  He  hired  to  an  Indian  trader 
and  operated  in  southwestern  Iowa  for  one  year,  thei 
returned  to  his  home  and  remained  four  years.  Going 
again  to  southwestern  Iowa,  he  took  raw  land,  made  a 
good  farm,  and  in  1877  sold  it  and  went  to  Kansas, 
where  he  bought  one-half  section,  put  two  hundred 
acres  under  cultivation  and  then  sold  it.  He  purchased 
a  nine-thousand  dollars  stock  of  goods  and  for  one 
and  one-half  years  did  business  in  Kansas  and  then 
came  to  Bonner's  Ferry  in  1888,  bringing  his  goods 
with  him.  He  at  once  opened  a  store  and  since  that 
time  he  has  been  numbered  with  the  leading  merchants 
of  the  county  until  he  retired  in  1902. 

In  1851  Mr.  Eaton  married  Miss  Caroline  Green, 
and  to  them  were  born  eleven  children,  of  whom  the 
following  are  still  living:  Orson,  married  and  livi 
in  Utah;  Amanda,  wife  of  Walter  Sweet,  living  in 
this  county ;  William,  married  and  living  in  this  coi 
ty:  Fannie,  wife  of  William  Halbrook.  in  Kansas: 
Harry,  married  and  living  in  Kootenai  county ;  Addie, 
wife  of  William  Hopper,  in  southern  Idaho.  In  1877 
Mr.  Eaton  married  Miss  Amelia  Cox  and  by  this  mar- 
riage he  has  three  children :  Robert  C. ;  Ambrosia,  wife 
of  Thomas  Jones,  in  Bonners  Ferry;  Reta,  living 
with  parents  and  teaching  school.  Socially,  Mr.  Eaton 
is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
at  Bonners  Ferry.  In  political  matters  he  is  liberal 
and  in  1897  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Bonners  Ferry, 
and  so  well  did  he  please  the  people  in  his  administra- 
tion that  he  succeeded  himself  three  times. 

In  1862  Mr.  Eaton  enlisted  in  Silver  Creek 
Mounted  Volunteers  under  Captain  Darling,  as  sec- 
ond lieutenant,  and  he  served  until  1864.  He  was 
constantly  fighting  Quantrell,  Price  and  Bealer.  For 
this  service  he  has  never  received  a  dollar  from  the 
government.  He  furnished  his  own  clothes,  horse  and 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


911 


equipment  and  still  holds  his  commission  which  shows 
he  was  never  discharged. 

In  1848  Mr.  Eaton  made  a  trip  into  Colorado  and 
into  the  Smoky  mountains  and  later  into  the  Rio 
Grande  valley,  trading  with  the  Indians. 


FRANCIS  M.  MARKHAM.  To  such  men  as 
this  estimable  and  capable  gentleman  there  is  great 
•credit  due  for  the  intrepid  courage,  energy  and  pro- 
gressiveness  manifested  in  coming  into  these  sections 
of  wilderness  in  early  days  to  open  them  for  the  set- 
tlement of  men,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  have 
the  privilege  to  chronicle  a  review  of  his  career  in  the 
history  that  has  to  do  with  Kootenai  county. 

Francis  M.  Markham  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
Illinois,  on  December  12.  1847.  He  is  the  son  of  Simon 
S.  and  Cynthia  (Fry)  Markham,  who  were  teachers 
in  New  York,  where  they  were  married  and  then 
moved  to  Illinois.  In  1848  the  family  crossed  the 
plains  to  Albany,  Oregon,  and  there  the  father  was  a 
general  merchant.  Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  and 
•was  educated  in  Albany.  When  in  young  manhood 
lie  learned  the  carpenter  trade  from  his  father.  Later 
he  went  to  blacksmithing,  which  he  had  learned  in  his 
jouth.  He  also  followed  farming  for  ten  years  and 
in  1883  he  came  to  Kootenai,  pushing  out  into  this  wild 
•country.  He  bought  the  right  to  his  present  place, 
•one-half  mile  south  from  Laclede,  at  what  is  known 
as  the  Seneaquoteen  crossing.  He  secured  it  and  the 
ferry  from  Richard  Fry  &  Company,  and  since  that 
-day  has  operated  the  farm  and  ferry  and  raised  stock. 
Mr.  Markham  is  a  well-to-do  and  substantial  citizen 
and  a  leader  in  the  industries  which  he  follows.  In 
the  political  world  he  has  also  been  active  and  influen- 
tial, has  been  delegate  to  the  Populist  conventions,  is 
school  director  and  has  been  since  the  organization  of 
the  district.  His  farm  has  a  good  house,  fine  barn 
sixty  by  sixty-five,  orchard  and  other  improvements 
and  produces  much  hay  each  year.  Recently  Mr. 
Markham  tore  down  a  building  erected  by  the  Hudson 
Bay  Company. 

On  May'i6,  1869,  Mr.  Markham  married  Miss 
Elmina,  daughter  of  Creed  T.  and  Nancy  (Lane)  Big- 
gers,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  respectively. 
The  mother  was  a  second  cousin  of  Joe  Lane,  who 
Tan  for  vice-president  with  Breckenridge.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Biggers  crossed  the  plains  in  1853  and  he  died 
in  Scio,  Oregon,  and  the  mother  at  Lebanon. 

Nine  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Markham.  six  of  whom  are  living:  Melvin  C.,  mar- 
Tied  and  living  at  Seneaquoteen;  Edith,  wife  of 
Thomas  Campbell,  in  Laclede;  Loren  and  Lester, 
twins-  with  parents;  Lena,  wife  of  Charles  Horn,  in 
this  county:  Grover  C.,  with  parents.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Markham  are  people  of  excellent  standing  in  the  com- 
Tnunity  and  are  deserving  of  much  commendation  for 
the  worthy  pioneer  labors  that  they  have  done  here 
and  for  the  exemplary  manner  in  which  they  have  al- 
ways conducted  themselves. 


DAVID  PHIFER.  With  a  very  creditable  mili- 
tary career  which  extends  over  many  years,  being  also 
a  man  of  capabilities  and  a  stanch  character,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading 
men  of  the  county  and  is  deserving  of  representation 
in  its  history. 

David  Phifer  was  born  in  Ripley  county,  Indiana, 
on  July  4,  1853,  being  the  son  of  Philip  and  Louise 
Phifer,  natives  of  Germany.  They  came  to  America 
in  early  days  and  located  in  Indiana.  The  father  en- 
listed in  the  Union  army  and  was  killed  in  the  battle 
of  Pea  Ridge.  The  mother  also  died  when  he  was 
small  and  he  was  raised  by  an  uncle,  John  R.  Heim, 
in  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  He  received  a  good  school- 
ing and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  started  for  himself. 
One  year  was  spent  in  railroading  and  in  1876  he  en- 
listed in  the  regular  army,  Company  H,  Fourth  In- 
fantry. He  was  at  various  places,  among  which  was 
Niobrara  and  Sanders,  forts  in  Wyoming,  and  in  1886 
he  came  to  Coeur  d'Alene  with  the  army.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  was  honorably  discharged  and  at  once 
went  into  business  in  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  first  com- 
menced to  cook  and  operated  a  restaurant  and  he  has 
been  in  business  for  the  entire  time  since  that  date.  He 
owns  a  fine  building  on  Sherman  street  and  also  a  good 
residence.  Mr.  Phifer  is  considered  one  of  the  reliable 
and  substantial  men  of  the  town  and  is  one  of  the  old 
settlers.  He  has  always  manifested  a  public  spirit 
and  is  ever  ready  to  take  hold  of  any  enterprise  tor 
the  general  good. 

It  is  of  note  that  the  ancestors  of  Mr.  Phifer  were 
all  very  long  lived.  His  maternal  grandfather  lived 
to  be  one  hundred  and  twenty  years  of  age  and  that 
venerable  gentleman's  wife  was  one  hundred  and  ten 
when  she  died.  Many  of  the  other  ancestors  on  both 
sides  of  the  house  lived  to  be  over  one  hundred  years 
of  age. 

In  1891  Mr.  Phifer  married  Miss  Maggie  Will- 
iams, whose  parents  were  natives  of  Wales.  To  this 
couple  has  been  born  one  child,  Elva.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Phifer  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  he 
also  affiliates  with  Tribe  No.  2,  of  Red  Men,  at  Coeur 
d'Alene. 


WILLIAM  FREDERICK  PLONSKE.  The 
brain  and  brawn  of  Germany's  sturdy  men  have 
wrought  much  for  this  nation  and  among  the  number 
of  worthy  immigrants  who  have  made  this  their  home 
and  justly  belong  to  the  progressive  and  thrifty  class 
of  citizens,  we  mention  William  Plonske,  of  whom 
we  essay  to  speak  at  this  time.  He  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, on  November  5,  1869,  being  the  son  of  August 
and  Henrietta  (Kollonowske)  Plonske,  who  also 
were  natives  of  Germany.  The  family  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1875,  locating  in  Waupaca  county,  Wisconsin, 
later  going  to  St.  Croix  county.  In  1895  they  came 
to  Kootenai  county,  where  the  father  now  lives,  the 
mother  dying  in  1900.  William  was  educated  in  the 
various  places  where  the  parents  lived  and  at  fifteen 
went  to  work  for  himself.  In  1890  he  came  to  Aber- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


cleen,  Washington,  and  worked  in  the  lumber  woods 
for  two  years  and  then  came  to  his  present  place  in 
1893.  His  farm  is  located  three  miles  west  from 
Postfalls,  and  consists  of  one  hundred  and  eleven 
acres.  This  is  improved  with  comfortable  buildings, 
a  blacksmith  shop  and  so  forth,  and  is  devoted  to  rais- 
ing vegetables  and  stock. 

In  1894  Mr.  Plonske  married  Miss  Virginia  B., 
daughter  of  George  and  Mary  Knowlton,  natives  re- 
spectively of  Illinois  and  Oregon.  They  now  live  in 
Spokane.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Plonske  two  children 
have  been  born,  Pearl  E.,  Fred  W.,  deceased.  In 
1897  Mrs.  Plonske  was  called  from  her  husband  and 
family  by  death  and  her  remains  sleep  in  the  Saltese 
cemetery,  Washington.  Mr.  Plonske  is  a  member  of 
the  German  Lutheran  church.  He  is  a  worthy,  in- 
dustrious man  and  stands  well  among  the  people  of 
his  community. 

Mr.  Plonske  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  on 
the  Democratic  ticket  in  1902  and  was  one  of  the 
three  Democrats  elected  in  Kootenai  county  at  that 
election. 


LEVERITT  V.  LYON.  This  gentleman  has 
spent  considerable  time  in  the  various  callings  of  the 
frontier,  and  especially  in  prospecting  and  mining,  in 
which  latter  he  has  been  successful,  having  at  this 
time  some  claims  of  good  value  on  the  north  half 
of  the  Colville  reservation  in  Washington.  He  has 
put  three  thousand  dollars  in  them  and  is  pressing 
the  development  of  them  with  vigor  and  skill  at  this 
time.  He  also  has  a  fine  home  two  and  one-half  miles 
from  Postfalls.  The  estate  at  this  point  consists  of  a 
quarter  section  of  good  land.  It  is  fenced  and  a  good 
portion  of  it  under  cultivation,  having  eight  acres  to 
orchard  and  handling  much  small  fruit  and  vegetables. 
He  has  a  good,  comfortable  house  and  other  buildings. 

It  will  be  of  interest  to  add  a  detailed  account  of 
the  career  of  Mr.  Lyon.  First  we  note  that  he  was 
born  in  Petersburg,  New  Brunswick,  Canada,  on  April 
13,  1863,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Matilda 
(Sleep)  Lyon,  natives  of  New  Brunswick  also.  The 
father  died  in  1872,  but  the  mother  still  lives  in  the 
old  home.  There  were  four  children  in  the  family, 
mentioned  below,  Bradford,  married  and  residing  in 
Eureka,  California ;  Leveritt,  the  subject  of  this  article ; 
Ludlow,  living  in  Bolster,  Washington :  George,  liv- 
ing in  Petersville,  New  Brunswick.  Our  subject's 
paternal  grandfather  was  a  native  of  New  York,  and 
his  maternal  grandparents  were  born  in  England. 
Leveritt  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  at  six- 
teen years  of  age  went  to  Pennsylvania  and  worked 
in  the  coal  mines.  Two  years  later  we  find  him  in 
Nevada,  laboring  in  the  quartz  mines,  where  one  year 
was  spent  and  then  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  South 
Dakota.  In  1883  he  came  to  Spokane,  Washington. 
Going  to  the  Big  Bend  country  he  was  one  of  thirty- 
two  men  who  went  in  a  body  to  prospect  and  two 
years  were  spent  in  the  Okanogan  district,  exploring 
the  country.  Then  he  came  to  Kootenai  county  and 
took  the  land  spoken  of  above.  He  has  an  excellent 


home  and  intends  that  it  shall  be  his  home  the  bal- 
ance of  his  days.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Lyon  is 
liberal  and  reserves  his  judgment  for  the  man  and  the 
principles  rather  than  confining  himself  to  the  dema- 
gogues of  party  restriction.  He  stands  well  in  his- 
community  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the 
county. 


AUGUST  PLONSKE.  This  worthy  farmer  of 
Kootenai  county  was  born  in  Germany,  Soldin,  on. 
May  7,  1843,  being  the  son  of  Fredrick  and  Chris- 
tina (Dettner)  Plonske,  natives  of  Germany.  The 
mother  died  in  1862  and  the  father  in  1867,  being- 
buried  in  the  native  place.  August  received  a  com- 
mon schooling  and  at  fourteen  began  to  work  out. 
At  twenty-one  he  served  in  the  German  war  with 
Austria  and  with  Denmark  for  three  years,  being 
mustered  out  in  1866.  In  1870  he  went  to  fight  in 
the  Franco-Prussian  war  and  saw  terrible  warfare 
and  great  hardships  lor  one  year.  After  that  war  he 
worked  at  various  occupations  until  1875,  when  he 
came  to  Wisconsin  and  settled  in  Fond-du-Lac  courttty, 
whence  he  removed  in  three  years  to  Baldwin,  in  that 
state.  Seven  years  were  spent  there  and  then  he  went 
to  Hammond,  Wisconsin,  and  lived  eight  years.  Then 
he  came  to  Kootenai  county  and  took  a  homestead 
where  he  now  lives,  three  miles  south  from  Spokane 
Bridge.  He  built  a  good  house,  has  seventy  acres 
under  cultivation,  a  good  orchard  and  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  farmers  of  the  section. 

In  1868  Mr.  Plonske  married  Miss  Hennathe 
Kollmowske.  a  native  of  Germany,  and  to  them  have 
been  born  ten  children,  as  follows :  William,  married 
to  Jennie  Knowlton,  she  being  now  deceased ;  Charles, 
a  physician  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  Amelia,  wife  of 
Frank  Conrad,  in  Hammond,  Wisconsin ;  Otilda,  wife 
of  Julius  Conrad,  in  Hammond,  Wisconsin;  Mary, 
wife  of  Robert  L.  Hudson,  in  Spokane,  Washington; 
Albert,  with  parents;  Anna,  wife  of  Louis  Stingler 
in  Postfalls;  Emma,  single,  living  with  her  sister  in 
Hammond,  Wisconsin :  Edward,  with  father ;  Clara, 
with  her  sister  in  Hammond,  Wisconsin.  Mrs.  Plonske 
died  in  1900.  Mr.  Plonske  is  a  devoted  member  of  the 
German  Lutheran  church. 


ZACHARIAH  AND  THOMAS  E.  MONTGOM- 
ERY. These  stanch  and  successful  business  men  and 
heavy  real  estate  holders  of  the  lower  Kootenai  valley 
are  located  adjoining  the  town  of  Porthill,  where  they 
have  extensive  interests  as  well  as  being'  heavily  inter- 
ested in  mining  properties  in  northern  Idaho. 

They  are  the  sons  of  Samuel  and  Nancy  J.  (Par- 
ker) Montgomery,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  North 
Carolina,  respectively.  The  parents  removed  to  Mis- 
souri and  there  were  married  and  then  located  in 
Buchanan  county,  where  they  remained  for  forty  years. 
In  1887  they  went  to  Riley  county,  Kansas,  where  they 
are  now  retired  farmers.  Zachariah  was  born  March 
10,  1851.  and  Thomas  was  born  December  19,  1853, 


ZACHARIAH  MONTGOMERY. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


both  being  natives  of  Buchanan  county.  Missouri,  and 
there  received  a  common  schooling.  Zachariah  com- 
menced a  college  course  and  his  health  failed  and  con- 
sequently he  was  forced  to  forego  this  pleasure.  He 
remained  at  home  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty- 
four  and  then  went  to  Brown  county,  Kansas,  and 
raised  and  bought  cattle  for  twelve  years.  Then,  on 
account  of  poor  health,  he  came  to  the  west  in  1880 
and  traveled  quite  extensively  in  various  portions.  Re- 
turning to  Kansas,  he  again  undertook  the  stock  busi- 
ness and  for  three  years  he  was  occupied  in  it..  It  was 
1891  that  he  came  to  his  present  location  and  took  a 
homestead.  He  cleared  fifty  acres  of  heavily  timbered 
land  and  put  it  into  fruit  and  he  has  the  finest  orchard 
in  northern  Idaho.  He  gathers  as  high  as  four  thou- 
sand boxes  of  apples  in  one  season,  besides  other  fruit. 
Mr.  Montgomery  has  fifteen  hundred  acres  of  land,  all 
under  cultivation  but  a  few  acres,  much  of  it  being 
utilized  for  hay.  He  also  has  nearly  six  hundred 
acres  in  company  with  his  brother  Thomas.  He  also 
has  about  twenty  mining  claims  and  part  of  them  have 
been  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Kootenai  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company  and  the  stock  of  them  is  selling  at 
twenty-five  cents  per  share,  thus  signifying  that  these 
properties  are  very  valuable.  Mr.  Montgomery  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  292,  of  Mil- 
ford,  Kansas. 

Thomas  E.  worked  with  his  parents  until  he  was 
twenty-one  and  then  went  to  Kansas  and  one  summer 
later  returned  to  Missouri.  In  1878  he  went  to  Mon- 
tana and  for  one  year  he  did  the  vigorous  labor  of 
cutting  corclwood.  Then  we  find  him  driving  a  team 
and  working  in  the  mines  until  1893,  the  time  when  he 
came  to  this  valley.  He  had  been  here  in  1891.  In 
1893  he  located  his  present  homestead  and  in  addition 
has  purchased  land  until  he  owns  eight  hundred  acres, 
besides  some  in  partnership  with  his  brother.  He 
handles  stock  and  does  general  farming  and  owns 
mines,  having  been  quite  successful  in  his  ventures. 
•In  1894  Mr.  Thomas  Montgomery  mjarried  Miss 
Artimesa,"  daughter  of  George  and  Julia  (Roll) 
Holmes,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Missouri,  respect- 
ively. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Holmes  were  married  in  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri,  and  in  1890  came  west  to  Spokane. 
Mrs.  Holmes  died  in  1893,  but  the  father  still  lives  in 
Spokane.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Montgomery,  Bertha,  Fred  A.,  Elsie  and  Mamie. 
Mrs.  Montgomery  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

These  brothers  are  among  the  leading  men  of  this 
portion  of  the  valley  and  they  are  progressive  and  en- 
terprising men  whose  labors  have  resulted  in  much 
good  for  the  advancement  of  the  country  and  they  are 
highly  respected  and  stand  well,  having  hosts  of 


MALCOLM  BRUCE.  This  successful  business 
man  and  public  minded  citizen  of  Bonners  Ferry  has 
done  a  good  work  in  the  development  of  Kootenai  coun- 
ty and  is  at  present  engaged  in  operating  a  ferry 
across  the  Kootenai  river  at  Bonners  Ferry.  He  was 
born  in  the  county  of  Bruce,  Ontario,  Canada,  on  Au- 


gust  15,   1855,  being  the  son  of  Allen  and  Christian 
(} McKenzie)   Bruce,  natives  of  Scotland.     They  came 
to   Canada   in   an   early   day  and   settled  on  a   farm, 
where  the  father  died  in   1884,  but  the  mother  still 
lives  in  Bonners  Ferry.     Malcolm  received  his  educa- 
i  in  the  justly  famous  schools  of  Ontario  and  at 
rteen  quit  studying  and  gave  his  time  to  assisting 
father  on  the  farm.     This  continued  until  he  was 
:nty-two  and  at  that  time  he  inaugurated  indepen- 
dent action.     We  see  him  next  in  Manitoba  and  there 
he  assisted  to  run  the  boundary  line  between  the  Uni- 
ted States  and  Canada  in  1872.     He  worked  at  vari- 
ous callings  there  until  1886  and  then  he  went  to  Bis- 
marck, North  Dakota.     He  remained  three  years  and 
"'--n  came  to  Spokane  Bridge,  where  he  lived  three 
rs  on  a  farm.     It  was  in  1891  that  he  came  to  Bon- 
ucis  Ferry,  bringing  with  him  a  fine  dairy,  which  he 
operated  altogether  for  ten  years,  making  a  first-rate 
success  of  it.     He  sold  it  in  1899  and  bought  the  ferry 
across  the  Kootenai,  which  property  he  sold  to  a  com- 
pany in  1902  and  hired  to  them  to  operate  it.     In  that 
capacity,  we  find  him  at  this  time. 

In  1882,  Mr.  Bruce  married  Miss  Maggie,  whose 
parents,  Robert  and  Mary  (Armstrong)  Mills,  came  to 
Canada  in  an  early  day  from  their  native  country,  Ire- 
land. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bruce  there  have  been  born 
five  children,  named  as  follows:  John,  Dollie,  Robert 
B.,  Ellen  F.  and  Verna  M.  Politically,  Mr.  Bruce  is 
allied  with  the  stanch  Republican  party  and  is  active 
in  local  matters.  He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
North  Star  Lodge,  No.  6160;  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Acma 
Lodge,  No.  15 ;  Rathbone  Sisters,  of  which  latter  his 
wife  is  also  a  member.  They  are  both  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  church. 


FRANCIS  M.  WAGGONER.  Surely  this  enter- 
prising agriculturist  of  Kootenai  county  has  had  a 
career  in  which  has  been  crowded  some  great  hard- 
ships, but  his  patience,  his  fortitude,  his  tenacity  and 
courage  have  surmounted  them  all  and  have  given 
him  a  good  success  in  this  land.  He  lives  now  about 
one  mile  south  and  one  mile  west  from  Postfalls, 
where  he  has  two  hundred  acres  of  fine  land,  well 
improved  and  supplied  with  buildings,  stock  and  neces- 
sary implements  in  a  degree  that  shows  both  the  pros- 
perity of  the  owner  as  well  as  his  skill  in  husbandry 

Mr.  Waggoner  was  born  in  Gihner  county.  Vir- 
ginia, on  March  7,  1848,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Jemima  (Collins)  Wagoner,  natives  also  of  Virginia, 
but  immigrants  to  Wisconsin  in  185=;  and  to  Iowa  in 
1867,  where  they  now  live.  The  father  is  eighty- 
two  and  the  mother  seventy-five.  Their  farm  is  in 
Guthrie  county,  near  Menlo.  Francis  was  educated  at 
the  country  schools  in  the  various  places  where  he  lived 
until  fifteen  and  and  then  assisted  his  father  until 
twenty-four.  He  was  then  engaged  as  overseer  of  a 
sixteen-hundred-acre  farm  for  Joseph  Kenworthy, 
where  he  remained  nine  years  with  fine  success.  He 
then  entered  into  partnership  with  the  owner  and  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


one  year  he  lost  four  thousand  dollars.  Then  he  v 
to  Kansas,  bought  a  farm  and  had  the  burden  of  losing 
two  crops  in  succession.  Then  he  sold  out  and  went 
to  Iowa,  and  farmed  there  for  five  years.  He  retur 
to  Kansas  in  1885,  bought  eighty  acres  and  remained 
there  five  years,  when  he  came  to  Spokane  county, 
Washington,  settling  near  Chester.  Four  years  later 
he  removed  to  Kootenai  county,  securing  his  present 
place,  making  it  larger  in  1898,  by  the  purchase  of  forty 
acres.  He  has  the  entire  estate  producing  and  all  nicely 
fenced  and  improved  as  mentioned  before.  He  has 
nine  cows,  ten  head  of  smaller  stock,  plenty  of  horses 
for  the  farm  and  does  a  prosperous  business. 

In  1872  Mr.  Waggoner  married  Miss  Ida  V., 
daughter  of  James  and  Sarah  (Root)  Dwig- 
gins,  natives  of  Ohio.  Mrs.  Waggoner  had  six 

.manders,  while  her  father  had  four  brothers 
in  the  war.  Some  of  these  veterans  live  in  Illi- 
aiois  and  some  in  Iowa.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Waggon- 
er there  have  been  born  four  children,  as  follows :  Char- 
les F.,  married  to  Eva  Fleming,  in  this  county;  Oscar 
T.,  married  to  Kittie  Knoble,  living  in  Kootenai  coun- 
ty ;  Stella,  wife  of  Henry  Enders,  in  Postfalls ;  Flor- 
ence J.,  with  parents.  Mr.  Waggoner  takes  an  in- 
telligent and  active  part  in  politics,  refraining  from 
accepting  office,  although  pressed  by  friends  to  do  so. 
He  has  given  his  time  to  the  handling  of  school  affairs 
and  has  been  an  ardent  supporter  of  educational  facil- 
ities. He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  he 
and  Mrs.  Waggoner  are  members  of  the  Christian 
church  and  are  devout  supporters  of  their  faith. 


EUGENE  L.  WHITNEY.  It  is  quite  in  place 
that  there  should  be  incorporated  in  the  history  of 
Kootenai  county  an  account  of  the  career  of  this  esti- 
mable gentleman  and  stirring  business  man,  who  is 
well  known  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county  and  is 
now  located  in  Bonner's  Ferry,  where  he  does  a  general 
dray  and  transfer  business. 

Eugene  L.  was  born  in  Canaseraga,  Allegany 
county,  New  York,  on  September  12,  1854,  being  the 
son  of  Melvin  and  Eliza  (Hooker)  Whitney,  also 
natives  of  New  York.  The  father  was  a  miller  and  a 
millwright  and  this  he  followed  until  the  time  of  his 
death  at  a  good  ripe  age.  The  mother  died  when  aged. 
They  had  been  the  parents  of  six  children,  five  boys  and 
one  girl.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  district 
school  and  in  1879  completed  a  course  in  bookkeeping 
also.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  met  the  responsibili- 
ties of  the  world  on  his  own  account,  going  first  to 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  followed  lumbering  for  four 
years.  At  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  went  to  Kansas  and 
engaged  in  hunting  buffalo  and  farming  until  1876, 
then  went  to  Fort  Hayes  and  operated  a  livery  for  a 
time,  and  later  did  the  same  business  at  Bull  City, 
Kansas.  Then  he  sold  and  took  up  the  hardware  bus- 
iness. Next  we  see  him  in  Osborne,  buying  stock  and 
grain  for  the  First  National  Bank  of  that  place.  He 


resigned  in  1880,  taking  up  the  management  of  a  lum- 
ber industry  for  Hall  Brothers,  where  he  continued  for 
eleven  years.  It  was  in  1891  that  he  severed  his  con- 
nections with  this  business  and  came  to  Kootenai  coun- 
ty. Bonners  Ferry  was  fortunate  enough  to  secure 
his  esttlement  and  he  took  up  sawmilling.  His  firm 
was  known  as  Whitney,  Braden  &  Company  and  under 
this  style  they  did  business  for  one  year  and  then  he 
went  into  partnership  with  W.  W.  Bush  and  they  did 
business  transferring  ore  and  freight  from  boat  to 
train  at  Bonners  Ferry.  They  continued  together  for 
one  year  and  Mr.  Whitney  had  been  in  this  business 
ever  since.  He  has  good  equippage  and  also  a  good 
residence  in  Bonners  Ferry  and  about  twenty  good 
town  lots.  His  residence  he  built  in  1894. 

In  political  matters,  Mr.  Whitney  is  active  and  a 
thorough  Republican.  He  was  president  of  the  Mc- 
Kinley  club  in  1896.  He  was  marshal  of  Bonners  Fer- 
ry and  councilman  in  Eaton.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  school  board  and  labors  for  the  furthering  of 
educational  facilities.  In  1876  he  was  delegate  to  the 
Republican  county  convention  in  Osborne  county  and 
in  1902  he  was  delegate  in  Kootenai  county  and  was 
nominated  for  sheriff  of  the  county.  He  gained  the  day 
by  a  handsome  majority. 

In  1880  Mr.  Whitney  married  Miss  Bessie,  daugh- 
ter of  William  and  Sarah  J.  (Taylor)  Braden,  natives 
of  Iowa  and  Kentucky  respectively.  They  came  to 
Kansas  in  early  days  and  remained  there  until  their 
death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whitney  there  have  been 
born  three  children  as  follows :  Bertrice,  wife  of  Bart- 
lett  Sinclair,  now  living  in  Passig,  Philippines ;  Stella, 
Helen,  both  with  parents.  Mr.  Whitney  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  of  P.,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  the  K.  O.  T.  M. 
Mrs.  Whitney  is  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs.  Both 
if  them  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 


ANDREW  J.  KENT.     A  real  frontiersman  and 
pioneer  who  has  wrought  in  different  places  in  the 
-est,  Mr.  Kent  is  now  living  in  Bonners  Ferry  and 
3  one  of  the   substantial,   influential   and   prominent 
citizens  of  Kootenai  county.    He  was  born  in  Osceola, 
Wisconsin,  on  December  8,  1860,  being  the  son  of  An- 
and Esther  (Hill)  Kent,  natives' of  Scotland  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectively.     The  father  was  born  in 
1819  and  came  to  America  in  1820.     He  remained  in 
New  Brunswick  until  1833  then  went  to  Maine  where 
he  remained  until   1850.     Then  he  went  to  Osceola, 
Wisconsin,  and  in   1853  to  California.     He  returned 
by  way  of  Cape  Horn  but  when  opposite  southern 
California  the  boat  sank,  taking  all  the  treasure  with 
but     all     hands     were     saved.     Mr.     Kent     lost 
forty-four     thousand      dollars.      He      returned     and 
went    to    Pike's    Peak,    but    not    discovering    gold 
there,     he     came     to     Osceola,     Wisconsin,     where 
lived     until     1901,     when     his     time     came     to 
ss    the    river    of    death.    He,    with    four    broth- 
,  put  the  first  saw  mill  on  the  St.  Croix  river.    The 
mother  lives  in  Osceola  now.     Our  subject  received  a 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


9'5 


common  schooling  in  his  native  place  and  in  1876  he 
took  a  normal  course  at  River  Falls,  Wisconsin.  In 
1879  he  came  to  Missoula,  Montana,  and  then  went 
to  Philipsburg  and  worked  in  the  Granite  mine  for  one 
year.  It  was  1883  when  he  came  to  Murray,  that  being 
the  time  of  the  gold  excitement.  Seven  years  he  la- 
bored in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  and  he  was  among  the  lead- 
ing mine  discoverers  there,  for  he  located  the  Fifielcl 
group,  the  Evolution,  and  others  in  close  proximity  to 
the  famous  Bunker  Hill  mine.  In  1891  Mr.  Kent  came 
to  Bonners  Ferry  district  as  an  expert  for  Loran  and 
Clark.  Since  that  time,  he  has  made  his  home  here. 
He  owns  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land, 
which  he  bought  from  the  railroad,  also  twenty-eight 
lots  in  Bonners  Ferry  and  other  property.  In  1901  Mr. 
Kent  took  a  contract  to  build  eight  miles  of  road  for 
wagons  to  the  Buckhorn  mines  from  Bonners  Ferry. 
In  1890  Mr.  Kent  married  Miss  Nellie  E.  Welch, 
in  Coeur  d'Alene,  and  to  them  have  been  born  five 
children :  Leslie,  Zoe  E..  Fay  I.,  Howard  and  Theodore 
Roosevelt.  Mrs.  Kent's  parents,  E.  R.  and  Hattie 
E.  (Sargent)  Welch,  are  natives  of  New  York  and 
now  live  in  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  whither  they  came  in 
the  'seventies.  Mr.  Kent  is  an  active  participant  in  the 
realm  of  politics,  both  county  and  state.  In  1896  he 
was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  and  succeeded  him- 
self in  1898.  In  1900  he  was  chosen  constable,  which 
office  he  now  holds.  He  has  frequently  been  delegate 
to  the  county  conventions  and  has  served  on  the  board 
of  councilmen  for  Bonners  Ferry.  He  has  also  given 
his  time  and  wisdom  on  the  school  board  frequently 
and  is  so  serving  now.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of 
P.,  Acma  Lodge,  No.  15.  Mr.  Kent  is  the  possessor 
of  some  valuable  mining  property  in  the  Buckhorn 
district  and  is  a  promoter  of  these,  while  also  he  labors 
for  progression  and  advancement  in  all  lines. 


JOSEPH  C.  PARENT.  This  gentleman  has  done 
much  toward  the  upbuilding  and  development  of  Koot- 
enai  county,  laboring  with  energy  and  zeal  and  accom- 
plishing worthy  results  in  many  capacities,  especially 
in  handling  the  lumber  products  of  the  country.  He  was 
born  on  May  2,  1859,  on  Star  Prairie,  Wisconsin, 
being  the  son  of  Charles  and  Delia  (Picard)  Parent, 
natives  of  Canada  and  Michigan,  respectively.  The 
father  left  Canada  for  the  United  States  at  the  age  of 
eleven  years.  He  located  in  Detroit  and  remained 
there  for  twenty-two  years  and  then  went  to  St.  Croix 
county,  Wisconsin,  in  1855,  where  he  lives  now,  re- 
tired, being  aged  eighty.  He  is  a  worthy  citizen  and 
holds  a  goodly  competence  for  the  labors  of  his  hands. 
His  first  wife  was  Delia  Picard  and  by  her  he  had 
seven  children.  She  died  in  1869.  His  second  wife 
was  a  widow  with  six  children  and  by  her  he  has  two 
children.  Our  subject  received  his  education  on  Star 
Prairie  and  in  Somerset.  He  remained  on  the  farm 
with  his  parents  until  twenty-one.  He  farmed  until 
1889,  when  he  came  west,  locating  in  Montana,  where 
he  remained  until  1891,  and  then  came  to  Kootenai 
county.  He  freighted  on  the  Kootenai  river  with 


canoes  for  one  year,  receiving  as  high  as  two  dollars 
per  pound  for  freight  from  Crossport  to  Kootenai 
falls.  In  1893  he  located  a  homestead  of  sixty-three 
acres  and  proved  up.  In  1901  he  took  the  balance  of 
his  right,  and  his  place  is  located  four  miles  north 
from  Bonners  Ferry.  This  he  is  improving  in  good 
shape,  and  is  devoting  attention  to  raising  blooded 
hogs,  of  which  he  has  some  fine  specimens.  In  1894 
Mr.  Parent  took  a  contract  of  furnishing  the  Great 
Northern  with  ties.  The  next  year  he  contracted  to 
furnish  five  hundred  thousand  feet  of  logs  to  the  Kaslo 
saw  mill.  In  1896  he  took  another  similar  contract 
and  in  1897  he  contracted  for  seven  hundred  thou- 
sand feet.  In  1898  he  contracted  to  furnish  the  Sav- 
ward  company  one  half  million  feet  and  this  entire 
amount  was  lost  by  the  boom  breaking.  In  1899  Mr. 
Parent  freighted  on  the  K.  V.  Railroad  and  the  next 
year  he  began  improvements  in  earnest  on  his  ranch. 
In  1881  Mr.  Parent  married  Miss  Adaline  M., 
daughter  of  Dominick  and  Adaline  (Pearson)  Gen- 
erous, natives  of  Canada,  but  immigrants  to  Osseo, 
Minnesota,  where  they  live  on  a  farm.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Parent  there  have  been  born  four  children,  three 
of  whom  are  living,  named  as  follows:  Abraham  J., 
at  home ;  Angeline  M.,  wife  of  Edward  V.  Greenleaf, 
in  Star  Prairie,  Wisconsin;  Charles  F.,  with  father. 
Mr.  Parent  is  always  active  in  political  matters  and 
displays  the  interest  of  the  intelligent  citizen.  He  and 
his  family  affiliate  with  the  Catholic  church. 


GILBERT  F.  OSLER.  Although  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  has  recently  come  to  this  county,  he  has 
made  himself  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  it  in 
this  time  and  is  actively  interested  in  its  upbuilding, 
while  he  has  shown  forth  uprightness  and  sound  prin- 
ciples in  his  walk,  thus  commending  himself  to  all 
lovers  of  good  and  those  who  desire  the  advancement 
of  our  county. 

Gilbert  F.  was  born  in  Logan  county,  Illinois,  on 
October  14,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Basell  and  Dorcus 
(Norton)  Osier,  natives  of  Indiana.  The  father  died 
in  1863.  Having  been  a  good  business  man,  he  left  an 
estate  of  twenty  thousand  dollars.  The  mother  re- 
moved to  Pottawattamie  county,  Iowa,  and  by  her 
excellent  management  has  made  a  fine  fortune  of  twice 
that  amount.  These  worthy  people  were  the  parents 
of  seventeen  children,  eight  of  whom  are  now  living. 
Our  subject  went  to  Iowa  with  the  rest  of  the  family 
and  there  received  his  schooling.  At  the  age  of  seven- 
teen, he  started  out  for  himself,  purchasing  a  farm, 
which  he  worked  for  fourteen  years.  This  was  in  Io- 
wa, then  he  went  to  Nebraska  and  purchased  a  farm,  . 
and  for  thirteen  years  he  tilled  that.  Then  he  deter- 
mined to  see  the  west  and  accordingly  came  to  Koot- 
enai county.  This  was  in  1901.  He  took  a  homestead 
and  bought  a  half  section  more,  one  quarter  of  which 
was  hay  land.  That  he  sold  and  now  he  is  doing  a 
saw  mi'll  business,  one  and  one-half  miles  southeast 
from  Bonners  Ferry,  where  his  land  is  located.  In 
addition  to  this,  Mr.  Osier  has  some  stock  and  devotes 
considerable  attention  to  that. 


9i6 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  1877  Mr.  Osier  married  Miss  Malissa,  daugh- 
ter of  Cephas  and  Rachel  Ellis,  natives  of  Ohio,  who 
came  to  Iowa  in  an  early  day  and  in  1887  removed  to 
Nebraska,  where  they  now  "live.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Osier  there  have  been  born  three  children,  Myrtle  L., 
teaching  school ;  Earl  C.,  and  Ratie  M.,  at  home.  Mr. 
Osier  is  active  in  local  politics  and  also  in  all  measures 
that  have  for  their  aim  the  betterment  and  advancement 
of  the  country  and  county.  He  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.,  and  of  the  K.  O.'T.  M. 


CHARLES  O'CALLAGHAN.  This  prominent 
business  man  of  Bonners  Ferry  is  a  man  of  good  stand- 
ing and  manifest  ability  and  has  so  conducted  himself 
that  he  has  the  confidence  and  approbation  of  the  peo- 
ple, in  whose  esteem  he  stands  very  high.  He  is  a 
thorough  gentleman,  having  a  high  sense  of  honor  and 
integrity,  is  a  loyal  friend,  holds  a  pleasant  distinction 
in  the  social  world  and  is  a  capable,  upright,  and  effici- 
ent business  man  and  loyal  and  patriotic  citizen. 

Charles  O'Callagban  was  born  in  Buckingham,  near 
Ottawa,  Canada,  on  December  12,  1852,  being  the  son 
of  P.  J.  and  Mary  (Cox)  O'Callaghan,  natives  of 
Ireland  and  .Canada,  respectively.  The  mother  died 
when  Charles  was  four  years  of  age.  The  father  came 
to  Norway,  Michigan,  in  1875,  where  he  now  lives, 
aged  ninety. 

Our  subject. was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
until  twenty  and  then  went  to  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin, 
where  he  entered  and  graduated  from  the  business  col- 
lege, and  then  he  entered  the  state  normal  school,  from 
which  he  graduated  also  in  1878.  Being  thus  well 
equipped  in  the  line  of  education  and  business  knowl- 
edge, young  O'Callaghan  started  in  the  labors  of  the 
educator  in  Michigan.  He  taught  for  two  years  and 
was  also  interested  in  lumbering,  being  bookkeeper  for 
a  large  lumber  firm,  and  also  buying  and  selling  lum- 
ber at  this  time.  This  latter  continued  until  1887, 
when  Mr.  O'Callaghan  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  his 
health.  He  was  filled  with  courage  and  spirit  and  was 
determined  to  conquer  and  so  came  to  the  west  and  took 
up  stock  raising  in  Kootenai  county,  Idaho.  Four 
years  he  labored  at  this  and  then  sold  out  and  came 
to  Bonners  Ferry,  taking  up  real  estate  business.  He 
has  done  well  in  this  line  since  that  time,  having  ac- 
quired title  to  a  considerable  property  both  in  the 
country  and  in  Bonners  Ferry.  He  is  an  active  parti- 
cipant in  politics,  being  a  strong  Jeffersonian  Demo- 
crat. In  1899  he  was  appointed  United  States  commis- 
sioner for  Idaho  and  does  a  good  business  in  this  line 
now.  In  1896  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
twice  he  has  succeeded  himself,  so  well  are  the  people 
pleased  with  his  impartiality  and  faithfulness.  He 
holds  the  office  now.  He  was  chairman  of  the  city 
council  for  two  terms  up  to  1898.  Mr.  O'Callaghan 
is  a  good  business  man,  faithful  and  efficient,  and  is 
admired  by  all. 

In  1900  Mr.  O'Callaghan  married  Miss  Delia  E., 
daughter  of  P.  and  Mary  (Mead)  Sullivan,  natives 
respectively  of  Ireland  and  Canada.  They  came  to 


the  United  States  when  they  were  young.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  O'Callaghan  there  have  been  born  three  children, 
Vina  E.,  Claude  V.,  and  Lillian  M.,  all  of  whom  were 
born  in  Bonners  Ferry.  Mr.  O'Callaghan  and  his 
wife  are  devoted  members  of  the  Catholic  church  and 
they  are  valued  members  of  society. 


WILLIAM  ELDERTON.  No  citizen  of  Bonners 
Ferry  is  better  known  than  the  estimable  gentleman 
whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article.  He  is  one 
of  the  leading  business  men  of  the  town,  having  both 
a  fine  blacksmith  shop  and  a  livery  and  feed  stable,  in 
both  of  which  lines  he  does  a  good  business  and  dur- 
ing his  residence  in  this  section  he  has  displayed  a  pro- 
gressive and  enterprising  spirit  and  he  is  always  found 
ready  to  assist  in  any  measures  that  are  for  the  general 

William  was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  on  Jan- 
uary 29,  1849,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Sarah 
rSmedley)  Elderton,  also  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father 
died  in  the  same  year  that  this  son  was  born  and  the 
mother  handled  the  farm  until  her  death  in  1860.  Be- 
ing thus  left  an  orphan,  our  subject  went  to  live  with 
his  grandmother.  He  received  a  common  schooling 
and  soon  learned  the  blacksmith  trade.  In  the  art  of 
this  leading  trade  he  has  been  constantly  active  until 
the  present  time.  He  went  to  Illinois  in  1879  and  two 
years  later  we  find  him  in  Del  Norte,  Colorado,  where 
two  years  were  spent.  In  1881  he  removed  to  New 
Mexico  and  two  years  afterward  went  to  old  Mexico. 
In  a  year  he  was  back  to  New  Mexico,  Socorro,  and 
there  remained  until  1893.  Then  he  came  to  Bonners 
Ferry.  He  immediately  bought  three  lots,  built  a  good 
house  and  improved  his  property.  Also  he  purchased 
a  quarter  section  of  timber  land.  He  now  owns  one- 
half  interest  in  a  business  building  in  town,  handles 
a  livery  and  feed  stable  and  also  a  blacksmith  shop. 

Mr.  Elderton  was  one  of  four  children  as  follows : 
Francis,  deceased ;  Henry,  married  and  living  in  Kan- 
sas;  George,  married  and  living  in  Illinois':  William, 
the  subject  of  this  article. 

In  1886  Mr.  Elderton  married  Miss  Margret  A. 
Burton.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Elderton  is  an  active 
Democrat  and  he  has  frequently  been  called  to  act  as 
delegate  to  the  county  conventions,  and  in  1900  he 
served  in  that  capacity  at  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  joined 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.  in  1879,  at  Ashland,  Illinois,  being  as- 
sociated with  Lodge  No.  341.  In  1901  he  left  that  to 
become  a  charter  member  of  Utopia  Lodge.  No.  36, 
here  in  Bonners  Ferry.  He  has  passed  through  all 
of  the  chairs  and  at  present  is  noble  grand.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Bonners  Ferry,  and 
of  the  Knights  of  Honor,  at  Ashland,  Illinois. 


WILLIAM  E.  CISCO.  Four  miles  south  from 
Ramsey  is  the  farm  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  which 
consists  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  where  he  has 
resided  for  the  years  since  1897,  and  his  parents  also- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


reside  there.  William  E.  was  born  in  Corvallis,  Ore- 
gon, on  October  4,  1858,  being  the  son  of  William  W. 
and  Jane  ( Stevens)  Cisco,  natives  respectively  of  Ohio 
and  Vermont.  The  mother  crossed  the  plains  in  1845. 
Her  mother  died,  she  being  seven  years  of  age,  on  the 
trip,  and  with  her  father  she  completed  the  tedious 
journey.  The  father  of  our  subject  came  across  the 
plains  to  Oregon  in  1852,  and  in  Corvallis  met  his 
future  wife.  There  they  were  married  and  shortly 
afterward  they  removed  to  King  county,  Washington, 
where  they  have  made  their  home  for  twenty  years. 
Then  they  removed  to  Whitman  county,  the  same 
state,  where  ten  years  were  spent.  Then  they  came 
to  Kootenai  county  and  in  1898  they  came  to  their  pres- 
ent home  with  their  son.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  King  county,  being  favored  only  with  a  common 
schooling,  and  he  has  since  that  time  remained  with 
his  parents,  doing  faithfully  the  duties  of  life  that 
have  come  to  hand.  In  1892  he  came  to  Spirit  valley 
and  in  1898  bought  his  present  place.  The  parents 
have  come  to  live  here  and  they  have  a  good  piece  of 
land  and  twenty  acres  under  cultivation.  He  has  four 
head  of  horses,  nine  cattle  and  other  property.  Mr. 
Cisco  has  one  brother,  Eugene,  married  to  Mattie 
Eaton,  and  living  in  this  county ;  also  he  has  one  sis- 
ter, Mary  M.,  wife  of  Daniel  W.  Pierce,  in  this  county. 
Mr.  Cisco  is  a  well  liked  man,  upright  and  dominated 
with  integrity  and  good  principles,  while  he  has  the 
esteem  of  all  who  know  him.  He  has  never  seen  fit 
to  embark  on  the  matrimonial  sea  yet,  preferring  to 
enjoy  the  quieter  satisfaction  of  his  life  of  celibacy. 


NORMAN  McKINNON.  The  years  in  which 
Mr.  McKinnon  has  been  domiciled  in  Kootenai  county 
have  been  years  of  industry  and  energetic  labor  for  the 
improvement  of  his  fine  place,  which  is  located  about 
three  miles  southwest  from  Athol.  He  has  shown  him- 
self in  his  career  a  true  pioneer  and  is  a  public  minded 
and  loval  citizen. 

Norman  McKinnon  was  born  in  Park  Hill,  Canada, 
on  January  22,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Donald  and 
Elizabeth  (McLeod)  McKinnon,  natives  respectively 
of  Canada  and  Scotland.  The  mother  came  to  Canada 
when  seven  years  of  age  and  they  both  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1872,  locating  in  southern  Michigan. 
Later  they  returned  to  Canada,  and  finally  in  that 
country  the  father  died,  but  the  mother  is  still  living 
in  Detroit,  Michigan.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  started 
in  to  work  for  himself.  He  took  up  bridge  work  and 
for  fifteen  years  followed  it  in  various  parts  of  the 
country.  In  1886  we  find  him  in  California  at  Madi- 
son and  Santa  Barbara,  where  he  remained  a  time  and 
in  1888  he  came  to  Kootenai  county.  He  cut  ties  for 
the  Northern  Pacific,  then  went  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
mines  and  took  a  contract  of  getting  out  mining  tim- 
bers. In  1889  we  find  him  on  the  Sound  and  in  1890 
he  went  to  Minnesota  and  operated  a  hotel.  It  was 
1897  that  Mr.  McKinnon  came  to  his  present  place  and 
took  a  homestead,  putting  up  buildings  and  taking  up 


the  commendable  work  of  improvement.  He  has  suc- 
ceeded well,  has  forty  acres  under  cultivation,  consid- 
erable saw  timber,  a  band  of  stock  and  various  improve- 
ments that  make  the  place  attractive  and  valuable. 

Norman  McKinnon  is  one  of  ten  children,  five  boys 
and  five  girls,  named  as  follows :  Mary  A.,  in  Detroit, 
Michigan;  Sarah,  also  in  Detroit;  Mamy,  deceased; 
Maggie,  in  Detroit;  Malcolm,  married  and  living  in 
Toledo,  Ohio;  Norman,  the  subject  of  this  article; 
Charles,  married  and  living  in  Seattle;  John,  in  De- 
troit, Michigan;  Michael  James,  deceased.  In  politi- 
cal matters,  Mr.  McKinnon  is  allied  with  the  Republi- 
can party,  and  always  manifests  an  active  interest 
in  these  affairs,  being  influential  in  his  section.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Pine  Lodge  No.  75,  of 
Athol.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church. 


HIREMYATES.  The  excellent  financiering  that 
this  gentleman  has  accomplished  in  his  career  stamps 
him  as  possessed  of  a  high  grade  of  ability  in  this  line 
and  he  is  surely  one  of  the  substantial  men'of  the  coun- 
ty of  Kootenai.  He  owns  a  farm  of  one  quarter  sec- 
tion at  Ramsey,  and  in  addition  to  doing  general 
farming,  he  raises  stock  and  is  also  greatly  interested 
in  mining,  having  some  very  promising  properties  of 

Hirem  Yates  was  born  in  Tioga,  Illnois,  on  April 
22,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Sarah  (Coon) 
Yates,  natives  of  North  Carolina  and  Germany,  respec- 
tively. The  mother  came  to  America  in  1850,  and  she 
was  married  in  Indiana.  They  located  in 'Lima,  Illi- 
nois, and  farmed  for  twenty-five  years  and  then  re- 
moved to  Kansas.  There  the  father  died  in  1901  and 
the  mother  died  in  1892.  They  were  the  parents  of 
the  following  children:  Edw'in,  living  in  Illinois; 
Thomas,  living  in  Kansas;  Margaret,  wife  of  James 
Ware,  in  this  county  ;Hirem,  the  subject  of  the  article; 
Lucy,  wife  of  George  McColough,  in  Kansas ;  Rachel, 
wife  of  Henry  Reed,  in  Kansas;  Spencer,  in  Illinois; 
Mattie,  single  and  living  in  Illinois;  Mary,  wife  of 
James  McCoulough,  in  Kansas  ;  James,  deceased  ;  Rob- 
ert, in  Kansas.  Hirem  received  a  common  schooling 
and  then  began  at  the  early  age  of  ten  to  do  for  him- 
self, being  permitted  in  this  course  by  his  father.  He 
rented  a  farm  and  from  one-fourth  of  the  crop  he 
made  three  hundred  dollars  the  first  two  years.  Then 
he  bought  ten  acres  of  land.  He  sold  that  and  went 
to  Missouri  and  bought  forty  acres  of  land.  He  farmed 
it  one  year  and  then  sold  for  one  thousand  dollars. 
Then  he  went  to  Kansas  and  bought  eighty  acres 
which  he  sold  after  two  years  of  farming  and  realized 
seventeen  hundred  dollars  for  this.  Then  he  used  this 
money  to  buy  cattle  in  Missouri  and  shipped  them  to 
P.utte,  Montana,  and  sold,  clearing  fifteen  hundred 
dollars  by  the  transaction.  Succeeding  this  for  seven 
years  he  devoted  himself  to  mining  with  the  gratify- 
ing result  that  he  cleared  up  twenty  thousand  dollars. 
He  came  to  Washington  and  bought  a  half  section  of 
land  for  fifteen  hundred  dollars  which  he  sold  seven 
vears  later  for  five  thousand  dollars.  Then  he  came 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  Kootenai  county  and  bought  a  half  section  where  he 
now  lives.  He  sold  half  of  this  for  an  advance  of  two 
hundred  dollars  and  has  refused  two  thousand  dollars 
for  the  other  quarter. 

In  1899  Mr.  Yates  married  Dora  Ayers,  daughter 
of  Isaac  and  Meranda  Shipe,  and  widow  of  John 
Ayers.  Mr.  Shipe  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and 
his  wife  of  Illinois.  Mrs.  Yates  has  one  child  by  her 
former  husband.  Nina  C,  living  at  home.  Mr.  Yates 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Rathdrum,  and  his  wife 
is  a  member  of  the  R.  N.  A.,  Evergreen  Camp,  No. 
2317. 


HARRY  WILLIAMS.  Many  noble  and  true  citi'- 
zens  of  this  country,  who  are  noted  for  their  thrift 
and  industry,  have  come  from  England  and  among 
this  worthy  number  we  mention  the  gentleman  whose 
name  initiates  this  paragraph,  to  whom  we  are  pleased 
to  grant  consideration  in  this  volume  of  Kootenai 
county's  history. 

Harry  Williams  was  born  in  Manchester,  England, 
on  April  6,  1868,  being  the  son  of  William  T.  and 
Martha  (Anderson)  Williams,  natives  of  England, 
also.  They  came  to  America  in  1872,  locating  at  Og- 
den,  Utah,  where  the  father  opened  a  tailor  shop.  Four 
years  later  he  removed  to  Dilon,  Montana,  and  there 
wrought  at  his  trade  for  seven  years.  Then  he  sold 
out  and  repaired  to  Ellensburg,  Washington,  where 
he  wrought  at  the  same  occupation  until  1898,  and 
then  a  move  was  made  to  Spokane,  and  at  208  S.  How- 
ard street  Mr.  Williams  conducts  a  first-class  shop  at 
the  present  time.  He  was  born  in  1838,  and  his  wife 
in  1843.  Harry  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  the 
various  places  where  the  parents  lived  until  he  was  of 
sufficient  age  to  take  up  shop  work  and  then  he  learned 
the  trade  of  his  father.  He  labored  steadily  with  him 
until  1892,  then  formed  partnership  with  his  father  in 
the  business,  which  continued  until  1901,  when  he 
bought  a  half  section  of  land  where  he  now  lives,  one 
mile  north  from  Ramsey.  He  still  owns  an  interest 
in  the  tailoring  business  with  his  father  in  Spokane. 
Mr.  Williams  also  owns  ten  acres  in  Rexburg,  Idaho, 
with  two  residences  which  give  him  a  monthly  income 
of  fifty  dollars. 

In  1891  Mr.  Williams  married  Miss  Olive,  daugh- 
ter of  Edwin  W.  and  Sarah  Craig,  natives  of  Kansas. 
The  father  removed  his  family  to  Ellensburg,  Wash- 
ington, in  7887.  and  there  followed  building  and  con- 
tracting. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams,  two  children 
have  been  born,  Coral  M.,  and  Deral  H.  Mr.  Will- 
iams is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  of  the  Red  Men. 
He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  Science 


JAMES  L.  WARE.  About  one  mile  north  of 
Ramsey  is  located  the  homestead  of  Mr.  Ware,  which 
he  took  from  the  government  in  July,  1899.  He  has 
since  that  time  done  much  by  way  of  improvement, 
and  now  has  thirty  acres  from  which  he  rasies  many 
potatoes,  finding  them  a  profitable  crop.  He  also  has 


some  stock.  Mr.  Ware  has  a  large  family  of  children 
and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  who  are  making  the 
county  an  improved  and  valuable  portion  of  the  state. 
Reverting  to  the  personal  history  of  our  subject, 
we  note  that  he  was  born  in  Clermont  county  Ohio, 
on  March  27,  1851,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Harriet 
(Gilven)  Ware,  natives  respectively  of  Kentucky  and 
Ohio.  The  father's  father  died  when  his  son  was 
young  and  the  boy  was  bound  out  to  David  Hedelsten 
until  twenty-one  but  at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  ran 
away  from  this  place  and  labored  for  himself.  He  died 
December,  1901,  aged  ninety,  and  his  wife  died  in  1858. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  primitive  schools  of 
his  day,  they  being  maintained  by  subscription,  each 
scholar  paying  a  fee  of  one  dollar  and  twenty-five 
cents  each  month.  He  remained  with  his  father  until 

himself.  Three  years  were  spent  at  that  and  his'wife 
died  and  he  sold  out  and  worked  for  wages  in  Illinois, 
and  the  year  following  was  married  again.  Then  he 
rented  a  farm  for  eight  years,  after  which  he  removed 
to  Kansas  and  worked  in  the  town  for  one  year.  Then 
he  returned  to  Illinois  and  bought  a  forty  and  farmed 
it  until  January,  1898,  when  he  sold  and  came  to  Lin- 
coln county.  Shortly  after  he  came  to  Kootenai  county 
and  took  the  homestead  above  referred  to.  He  is  doing 
a  good  work  in  opening  up  the  place  and  also  in  ad- 
vancing the  cause  of  education,  having  been  on  the 
board  for  two  successive  terms  since  coming  here. 

Mr.  Ware  married  Mary  A.  Carr  in  1073  and  she 
died  in  1876.  In  1877  he"  married  Miss  Margret, 
daughter  of  Henry  and  Nancy  (Coon)  Yates,  natives 
of  Indiana,  and  to  this  union  the  following  children 
have  been  born :  Alfred  N.,  Noah,  deceased,  Richard 
H.,  deceased,  James  P.,  deceased,  Mary  C.,  John  W., 
Sanford,  Ida  B.,  Bertie,  Elsie  May.  All  are  at  home 
with  their  parents.  Mr.  Ware  is  allied  with  the  Demo- 
crat party  and  is  active  in  this  realm  and  labors  in  an 
intelligent  and  vigorous  manner  for  the  principles  he 
belives  to  be  right.  He  was  elected  road  supervisor 
in  1901  and  again  the  following  year.  His  son  Rich- 
ard is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  Mrs.  Ware  is 
a  member  of  the  Cnristian  church. 


ROBERT  WILSON.  While  the  subject  of  this 
article  has  not  labored  so  long  in  Kootenai  county  as 
some,  still  he  has  displayed  such  commendable  zeal 
and  skill  in  his  labors  and  is  withal  a  man  of  integrity 
and  uprightness,  so  that  he  deserves  mention  in  the 
volume  that  chronicles  the  history  of  this  section. 

Robert  Wilson  was  born  in  Dutchess  county,  New 
York,  on  June  20,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Robert  and 
Mary  (Dobie)  Wilson,  natives  of  Scotland,  but  immi- 
grants to  the  United  States  in  1840.  They  located  in 
New  York  where  they  gardened  for  eight  years  and 
then  came  to  Chickasaw  county,  Iowa,  where  the 
father  now  lives,  aged  ninety,  but  the  mother  died  in 
1888.  Robert  received  his  education  in  Iowa  and  at 
the  age  of  nineteen  started  in  life  for  himself.  He 
repaired  to  Little  Falls,  Minnesota,  where  he  labored 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


in  the  woods  and  in  saw  mills  for  three  years.  Return- 
ing to  Iowa  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Franklin  county 
and  tilled  it  for  four  years.  Then  he  went  to  Chicka- 
saw,  remaining  four  years.  The  next  move  was  back 
to  Minnesota  and  in  1887  we  find  him  in  Almira, 
Washington.  He  farmed  there  until  1898,  when  he 
came  to  Kootenai  county,  purchased  an  improved  farm, 
one  mile  northwest  from  Ramsey,  to  which  he  added 
a  quarter  section  of  railroad  land  in  1900.  In  1902  he 
purchased  eighty  acres  more,  making  him  the  fine  es- 
tate of  four  hundred  acres  of  fertile  land.  This  he 
has  improved  in  a  good  manner,  and  is  steadily  going 
on  with  continued  work  in  this  line.  He  has  seventy 
acres  under  the  plow  and  good  buildings.  In  addition 
to  his  general  farming,  Mr.  Wilson  raises  some  horses. 
In  his  father's  family,  there  were  six  children,  three 
boys  and  three  girls:  Tames,  living  in  Dakota,  being 
married ;  Mary,  wife  of  A.  P.  White,  in  Iowa ;  J.  B., 
married  and  living  in  Franklin  county,  Iowa;  Annie, 
wife  of  Robert  Black,  living  in  Black  Hawk  county, 
Iowa.  There  is  also  one  more  and  then  the  subject  of 
this  article.  Mr.  Wilson  is  of  good  standing  in  his 
section  and  is  a  good,  substantial  citizen  of  the  country. 


THOMAS  II.  SCOTT.  The  far  away  state  of 
Maine  is  the  native  place  of  our  subject  and  his  father 
was  Moses  Scott,  who  died  there  in  1862.  The  mother 
died  when  Thomas  H.  was  five  years  of  age.  He  was 
bound  out  to  Alexander  Read  to  remain  until  twenty- 
one,  but  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  ran  away  and  went 
to  Granman  Island,  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  He  engaged 
with  a  fishing  schooner  for  one  year  and  the  next  year 
he  operated  the  boat  on  shares.  Then  he  returned  to 
the  lumber  woods  of  Maine  and  there  and  in  other 
occupations  he  remained  until  1895  when  he  came  to 
St.  Paul,  Minnesota.  He  worked  in  the  woods  and  on 
the  drive  for  six  years  and  then  took  contracts  for 
three  years.  Then  by  the  Southern  Pacific,  he  came  to 
San  Francisco,  and  in  1875  we  see  him  in  Rathdrum. 
He  contracted  with  Dodge  Brothers  to  furnish  them 
one  million  feet  of  logs  annually  for  three  years,  which 
he  successfully  completed.  Then  he  worked  in  the 
Wardner  mines  for  two  seasons,  then  did  some  log- 
ging and  in  1884  he  took  up  a  homestead,  nine  miles 
from  Rathdrum  on  Fish  lake.  After  improving  and 
proving  up,  he  went  to  Wardner  and  labored  in  the 
mines,  then  went  to  Montana  and  was  taken  sick  and 
languished  in  the  sisters  hospital  for  seven  months, 
at  Deer  Lodge,  Montana.  We  next  see  him  in  Asotin, 
Washington,  then  in  Oregon  for  a  couple  of  years,  and 
then  he  came  back  to  his  present  location  on  Fish 
lake. 

In  1859  Mr.  Scott  married  Miss  Emma  E.,  daugh- 
ter of  A.  L.  and  Lizzie  (Lane)  Bradbury,  natives  of 
Maine.  They  came  west  in  1885,  locating  in  Spo- 
kane county,  Washington.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott 
there  have  been  born  two  children,  Ansel  L.,  married 
to  Jessie  Tobey,  and  living  in  Spokane;  Maud,  wife  of 
Paul  Voeth.  living  in  Spokane.  Mr.  Scott  has  always 
manifested  an  intelligent  interest  in  political  matters 


and  in  Maine  he  cast  his  first  ballot,  it  being  for  A. 
Lincoln,  in  1860.  He  is  now  one  of  the  venerable  and 
respected  men  of  this  section,  being  a  real  pioneer  and 
builder  of  Kootenai  county,  where  he  has  conducted 
himself  so  that  he  has  won  the  esteem  and  respect  of 
all  who  mav  know  him. 


ANSEL  L.  SCOTT.  This  enterprising^  young 
gentleman  is  one  of  the  property  owners  of  Kootenai 
county,  having  a  fine  ranch  on  Fish  or  Twin  lake, 
where  his  father  resides  at  the  present  time.  It  is  a 
fine  property  and  also  Mr.  Scott  has  a  good  residence 
and  other  property  in  Spokane.  He  has  mastered  the 
machinist's  trade  and  later  in  life  he  learned  the  art 
of  cooking,  whicn  he  follows  considerably  in  Spo- 

We  will  mention  an  outline  of  his  career  and  we 
first  note  that  he  was  born  in  Minneapolis,  Minnesta, 
on  August  12,  1877,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Em- 
ma E.  (Bradberg)  Scott,  natives  of  Minnesota.  The 
father  and  his  family  now  live  in  Kootenai  county. 
Ansel  L.  received  his  education  from  the  common 
schools  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  was  a  master  me- 
chanic. Then,  as  we  have  mentioned  above,  the  art 
of  cooking  allured  from  his  first  occupation  and  so 
skillful  has  he  become  in  this  line  that  he  is  sought 
after  by  some  of  the  leading  hosts  of  this  section, 
being  now  in  the  employ  of  a  large  house  in  Spokane. 
Mr.  Scott  has  placed  improvements  from  time  to  time 
on  his  land  which  he  bought  from  the  railroad  in  1897, 
and  is  making  it  a  comfortable  and  attractive  home 


riper  ye; 


In  1900  Mr.  Scott  married  Miss  Jessie  O.  Tobey. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  O.  A.,  Court  Royal,  No. 
19.  Also  he  is  a  member  of  the  Cooks'  and  Waiters' 
Union.  Mr.  Scott  is  possessed  of  ambition  and  spirit 
and  is  making  a  creditable  showing  in  his  labors. 


GUSTAV  MILLER  is  one  of  the  enterprising  far- 
mers who  live  in  the  vicinity -of  Fish  lake,  Kootenai 
county.  He  has  a  farm  of  one  hundred  and  forty 
acres  which  he  is  bringing  under  cultivation  and  he 
also  devotes  some  time  to  raising  stock.  He  is  ener- 
getic, possessed  of  good  practical  judgment,  dominated 
by  keen  sagacity  and  withal  has  excellent  moral  qual- 
ities. 

Mr.  Miller  was  born  in  Calso,  Germany,  on  April 
8.  1861,  being  the  son  of  Phillip  and  Louise  (Mayers) 
Miller,  natives  of  Germany.  The  father  died  in  1876, 
and  the  mother  in  1879,  both  being  buried  in  the  Calso 
cemetery.  Gustav  received  common  schooling  until 
fourteen  years  of  age  and  then  clerked  for  his  brother- 
in-law  until  1880.  when  he  was  called  by  his  country 
into  the  militia.  One  year  spent  there,  and  he  was 
again  with  his  brother-in-law  and  in  1883  he  left  Ger- 
many, the  laws  requiring  that  he  remain  there,  and  came 
to  America  and  located  in  New  York  on  a  farm.  On 
August  6,  1884,  he  enlisted  in  the  regular  army,  Sixth 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Cavalry,  served  five  years,  re-enlisted  in  Fourth  In- 
fantry," served  five  years  again,  then  re-enlisted  in  the 
Eleventh  Infantry.  He  went  in  as  private  and  was  dis- 
charged as  regiment  sergeant  major,  being  too  old  to  go 
farther.  He  acted  in  this  official  position  in  the  Span- 
ish war,  and  participated  in  the  Porto  Rico  campaign. 
From  1892  to  1895  he  was  stationed  at  Fort  Sherman. 
In  1898  he  was  honorably  discharged  and  immediately 
returned  re  Kootenai  co'unty.  He  first  bought  sixty 
acres  of  a  resort  on  the  lake  and  two  years  later  bought 
his  present  ranch  as  mentioned  above. 

In  October,   1898,  Mr.  Miller  married  Miss  Jose- 
phine   Eresch,    whose    parents,    Joseph    and    Margret 

ica  in  1865,  settling  in  Aurora,  Illinois.  There  they 
lived  until  1888  and  came  to  Sprague,  Washington,  and 
in  1890,  removed  thence  to  Kootenai  county.  In  1897 
the  mother  died  and  in  1899  the  father  passed  away, 
both  being  buried  at  Rathdrum.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Miller  there  have  been  born  two  girls,  Margaret  and 
Elizabeth,  twins.  Mr.  Miller  stands  well  among  his 
fellows  and  is  respected  and  a  substantial  citizen  of 
his  county. 


WILLIAM  W.  FERRELL.  In  March,  1884,  a 
sturdy  pioneer,  William  W.  Ferrell,  on  the  shores  of 
Coeur  d'Alene  lake,  near  Fort  Sherman,  built  a  row 
boat  and,  in  company  with  two  others,  placed  it  on  a 
hand  sled  and  made  the  trip  from  that  point  to  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  Saint  Joe  river,  pulling  their 
boat  all  the  way  by  hand  on  the  ice  and  consuming 
twelve  days  in  "the  trip.  One  man,  Alfred  Ritchie, 
with  his  hired  hand,  George  Stewart,  was  then  in  that 
country  and  was  engaged  in  making  shingles  by  hand. 
Mr.  Ferrell  landed  with  eight  dollars  in  his  pocket, 
but  he  was  full  of  courage,  and  located  a  squatter  s 
right  on  the  unsurveyed  land  and  in  the  spring  seeded 
it  to  timothy.  He  has  improved  and  grown  in  his  pos- 
sessions until  at  present  he  has  fifteen  hundred  acres 
of  land,  a  fine  barn  and  outbuildings,  and  also  has  a 
corr.modious  store  and  a  good  saw-mill.  He  has  a  fine 
large  hotel  of  thirty-four  rooms  which  is  generously 
patronized  in  the  summer  by  pleasure  seekers  in  this 
beautiful  country.  Mr.  Ferrell  is  a  perfect  represent- 
ation of  that  brave  and  noble  class  of  men  who  pierced 
into  the  wilds  of  nature  and  opened  the  country  for 
the  abode  of  man,  and  his  wisdom  is  manifest  in  that 
he  has  made  a  brilliant  success,  being  one  of  the  heavy 
property  owners  of  Kootenai  county,  all  of  which  his 
industry  and  good  business  ability  have  gained  for  him 
in  this  "location. 

William  W.  Ferrell  was  born  in  Fort  Madison, 
Iowa,  on  November  19,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Joseph 
A.  rnd  Jane  Ferrell.  He  was  reared  in  town  and  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools.  He  followed  steam- 
boating,  arising  to  the  position  of  steward,  and  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  he  was  running  on  a  boat  from  Chicago 
to  Buffalo.  In  the  fall  of  1876  we  went  to  Waco. 
Texas,  and  railroaded.  The  next  spring  he  was  in  the 
thickest  of  the  Black  Hills  gold  excitement,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1877  he  went  to  Leadville  and  remained  until 


1881,  engaged  in  mining.  Then  he  went  to  Hall  coun- 
ty, Nebraska,  and  bought  a  farm.  In  June,  1883,  we 
see  him  in  San  Francisco  <and  soon  after  in  Portland, 
Oregon.  Thence  he  came  to  Spokane,  Washington, 
and  in  December,  1883,  he  landed  in  Fort  Sherman, 
now  Coeur  d'Alene.  The  next  March  he  made  the 
boat  spoken  of  above.  Since  coming  to  his  present 
place,  now  known  as  Ferrell's  Landing,  he  supplied 
the  post  with  hay  for  a  number  of  years  and  now  cuts 
about  three  hundred  tons  each  year.  Mr.  Ferrell's 
place  is  finely  fitted  for  the  accommodation  of  summer 
boarders,  having  a  spacious  hall  for  their  amusement 
and  also  boats  and  everything  handy  for  comfort  and 
enjoyment. 

On  May  8,  1881,  he  married  Mattie  M.  DeSpain 
in  Colorado  and  two  children  were  born  to  them,  both 
of  whom  died.  In  June,  1888,  Mrs.  Ferrell  died  also. 
On  November  22/1889,  Mr.  Ferrell  married  Miss 
Mary  R.,  daughter  of  Oscar  and  Ann  Canfield,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  respectively.  The  father's 
parents  came  west  with  their  five  children  to  Walla 
Walla  in  1847.  They  were  in  the  awful  Whitman 
massacre,  the  father  escaping,  but  the  mother  and  five 
children  were  taken  prisoners  and  detained  for  thirty 
days.  The  elder  Canfield  was  the  only  man  that  es- 
caped. After  that  experience  they  went  to  Oregon 
City.  Mrs.  Ferrell  was  born  in  California.  The 
parents  both  live  now  in  Canfield,  Idaho  county,  this 


ELBRIDGE  W.  THORP.  This  worthy  pioneer 
is  eminently  fitted  for  consideration  in  the  history  of 
Kootenai  county,  since  he  has  wrought  with  well  be- 
stowed labors  in  this  section  for  its  development  and 
for  the  progress  of  the  county  as  well  as  following  the 
life  of  the  pioneer  for  many  years  in  adjacent  states, 
in  all  of  which  worthy  career  he  has  done  creditably, 
manifesting  integrity,  worth  and  stability. 

Elbridge  Thorp  "was  born  in  Boone  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  March  27,  1844,  being  the  son  of  Edward  and 
Martha  (Raymond)  Thorp,  natives  of  England,  but 
immigrants  to  this  country  in  1830.  They  settled  in 
New  York,  thence  went  to  Pennsylvania,  and  later  to 
Illinois,  and  then  to  Indiana  and  afterward  to  Iowa 
and  finally  to  Kansas,  where  he  died  in .  1868.  The 
mother  died  when  our  subject  was  young.  Elbridge 
was  educated  in  the  various  places  where  the  father 
lived  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he  enlisted  to  fight 
for  his  country  in  Company  F,  Ninth  Iowa  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  under  Captain  Miller.  He  was  honora- 
bly discharged  in  1862.  and  in  1863  he  enlisted  for 
three  years  or  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  served 
until  the  conflict  ceased,  participating  in  many  engage- 
ments and  skirmishes  among  which  we  may  mention, 
Mobile  and  the  charge  of  Blakely.  He  was  discharged 
at  Houston,  Texas,  and  the  company  disbanded  at 
Dubuque,  Iowa.  In  the  spring  of  1866,  he  engaged  as 
cook  on  an  expedition  under  Colonel  Sawyer  who  was 
doing  freighting  for  the  government.  He  came  in 
this  capacity  to  Montana,  and  then  he  prospected  and 
in  1871  went  thence  to  Washington,  locating  where 


WILLIAM  W.  FERRELL. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Sprague  is  now  situated  and  there  handled  sheep 
for  twenty-three  years.  Then  he  removed  to  his  pres- 
ent place  'on  Fish  lake,  where  he  has  one  hundred  and 
twenty  acres  of  good  land,  forty  of  which  are  into 
hay,  and  the  balance  is  used  for  pasture.  He  has  fifty 


cattle  a 


. 
is  one  of  the  prosper 


of  the 


section. 

On  November  14,  1881,  Mr.  Thorp  married  Miss 
Emma  M.,  daughter  of  David  and  Caroline  (Vanval- 
kenburg)  Downs,  natives  of  New  York.  The  father 
died  in  1895  and  the  mother  in  1896.  Mr.  Thorp  is 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  he  and  his  wife  are 
members  of  the  Baptist  church  and  they  stand  well  in 
the  community,  being  excellent  and  upright  people. 

They  have'  one  adopted  son,  Gustavus.  Since  the 
above  writing  Mr.  Thorp  has  sold  his  farm  property 
and  now  owns  residence  property  in  Rathdrum.  where 
he  lives. 


CARL  BAECK.  A  sturdy  son  of  the  fatherland, 
whence  come  some  of  the  best  citizens  that  ever  walked 
under  the  stars  and  stripes,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  no  whit  behind  in  all  these  choice  qualities  which 
make  the  patriotic  citizen,  the  typical  man,  the  genial 
and  affable  neighbor,  and  the  true  and  loyal  friend.  He 
was  born  in  the  province  of  Pahner,  Germany,  on 
July  5,  1860,  and  his  parents  died  when  he  was  very 
young  and  he  never  had  the  pleasure  of  knowing 
them.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  land  and  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  years,  he  began  to  learn  the  brewer's 
trade.  He  followed  it  until  1881,  then  came  to  Amer- 
ica. First  he  located  in  Chicago  and  soon  went  thence 
to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  working  there  for  T.  Ham,  and 
then  he  went  to  Fergus  Falls,  where  he  engaged  in 
brewery  work  and  such  was  his  skill  that  he  was  en- 
trusted with  the  management  of  the  entire  plant  in 
the  absence  of  the  foreman,  and  practically  he  had 
charge  of  the  establishment.  In  1888  he  came  to  Spo- 
kane and  at  once  engaged  in  the  New  York  Brewery 
and  here  he  also  had  charge  of  the  entire  part  of  the 
production  of  the  choice  beverages  turned  out  by  that 
institution.  He  continued  there  until  the  death  of  the 
proprietor  in  1896  and  then  our  subject  and  August 
Mauler  were  appointed  administrators.  Two  years 
ntlis  were  required  to  settle  the  large  and 


ibjrc 


city  life  and  its  ceasless  activities  and  cares  and  so 
searched  out  his  present  place,  on  Fish  lake,  which  he 
purchased,  it  being  one  hundred  acres  of  the  choicest 
location  on  the  well  known  and  popular  place  of  resort. 
He  has  a  gem  of  an  estate,  and  with  his  native  skill 
and  taste,  he  plans  to  embellish  and  improve  it  so  it  will 
be  all  that  could  be  desired.  Mr.  Baeck  has  a  creek 
coursing  through  his  land  that  is  an  ideal  place  for 
trout  and  those  finny  beauties  abound  in  abundance. 
In  all  of  his  labors"  since  1890  Mr.  Black  has  had 
a  true  helpmeet  and  an  able  assistant  in  his  wife,  who 
has  brought  to  his  help  a  wealth  of  keenness,  taste,  and 
practical  judgment  that  have  been  prominent  in  their 
success,  which  has  been  bright  and  becoming. 

It  was  in  1890  that  Mr.  Baeck  married  Miss  Emma 


Comminske,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  came  to  this 
country  in  1889.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this 
happy  union,  Henry  and  Freda,  who  make  their  home 
bright  and  pleasant. 

Mr.  Baeck  is  also  interested  in  raising  stock,  hav- 
ing a  goodly  band  now.  He  will  soon  erect  an  ele- 
gant residence  and  pipe  the  sparkling  spring  water 
from  its  native  place  in  the  mountains  right  into  the 
house.  He  has  an  ideal  home  and  is  highly  esteemed 
by  all.  He  and  his  estimable  wife  are  members  of  the 
German  Lutheran  church  and  are  liberal  supporters 
of  their  faith.  Mr.  Baeck  is  also  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  P.,  and  a  charter  member  of  the  Sons  of  Hermann, 
Lodge  No.  9,  in  Spokane,  in  which  he  has  held  office. 


JOHN  SHAFER.  On  the  banks  of  Fish  lake,  one 
of  the  most  charming  spots  that  nature  has  generously 
bestowed  in  Kootenai  county,  lies  the  estate  of  our 
subject.  It  consists  of  three  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
acres  of  fine  land,  well  improved  and  in  this  ideal  place, 
Mr.  Shafer  is  now  erecting  an  elegant  resort  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  many  visitors.  In  addition  to 
this  fine  property,  Mr.  Shafer  has  some  property  in 
Rathdrum  and  also  mining  interests  in  Buffalo  Hump 
district.  He  has  one  claim  also  in  the  St.  Reges  coun- 
irv  for  which  he  paid  two  thousand  dollars  and  it  is 
of  very  promising  value. 

Mr.  Shafer  was  born  in  Crawford  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  November  8,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Philip 
and  Elizabeth  (Knearman)  Shafer,  natives  of  Ger- 
many, who  came  to  America  in  1834.  They  located  in 
Pennsylvania  and  the  father  bought  horses  and  cat- 
tle for  the  government  from  1832  to  1871.  He  died 
in  1884,  aged  eighty  and  his  wife  died  in  1882,  aged 
seventy-four.  They  had  six  children,  all  boys  and 
our  subject  the  youngest.  John  was  educated  in  his 
native  place  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  stepped  from 
the  parental  home  to  do  battle  for  himself  in  life.  He 
bought  and  sold  stock  in  Pennsylvania  until  1876,  then 
went  into  the  livery  business  in  St.  Petersburg,  Clar- 
ion county,  Pennsylvania,  and  remained  in  that  for 
three  year's.  His  next  move  was  to  buy  a  farm,  which 
he  tilled  until  1883,  then  he  sold  that  also  and  came  to 
Rathdrum.  He  has  lived  in  this  vicinity  since  that  time 
and  is  now  located  as  stated  above. 

In  1873  Mr.  Shafer  married  Miss  Fannie  L.,  daugh- 
ter of  William  and  Sarah  A.  (Custard)  Porter,  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania.  The  mother  still  lives  there, 
being  born  in  1806.  The  father  died  there  in  the  six- 
ties. They  had  eleven  children,  seven  boys  and  four 
girls,  Mrs".  Shafer  being  the  youngest.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Shafer  there  have  been  born  two  children,  Will- 
iam P..  deceased ;  Sadie  E..  wife  of  Charles  Lafavre, 
in  Wardner,  Idaho.  In  1890  Mrs.  Shafer  was  called 
from  home  and  family  by  death  and  her  remains  re- 
pose in  the  cemetery  at  Rathdrum. 

Mr.  Shafer  is  an  intelligent  and  act 


)olitical  realm 


of  th« 


principles  of  the  Republican  party.     He  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  used  to  be"  of  the  K.  of  P.  but 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


dropped  it  when  he  came  to  this  country.  When  Mr. 
Shafer  completes  the  improvements  planned  for  his 
summer  resort  he  will  have  one  of  the  most  attractive 
places  in  this  section  of  the  country  and  will  have  all 
the  comforts  and  entertainments  provided  that  the 
most  exacting  guests  could  desire,  which  his  geniality 
and  affability  and  skill  will  doubly  enhance. 


GEORGE  BATTERS  is  a  man  who  has  taken 
hold  with  his  hands,  directed  by  a  native  sagacity  and 
vigor,  and  has  wrought  out  a  good  success  in  the  af- 
fairs of  this  life,  being  at  the  present  time  proprietor 
and  owner  of  a  good  hotel  in  Athol,  also  a  livery  and 
feed  barn,  while  he  has  a  nice  farm,  one  hundred  acres 
of  which  are  under  cultivation.  He  does  a  good  busi- 
ness in  all  lines  and  handles  a  hotel,  where  he  gains 
the  good  will  and  approval  of  the  traveling  public  on 
account  of  his  affability  and  care  for  the  comfort  of 
guests. 

George  Batters  was  born  in  Joliet,  Illinois,  on  De- 
cember 22,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Cather- 
ine (Pilkey)  Batters,  natives  of  Canada,  who  came  to 
Illinois  in  an  early  day  and  thence  later  to  Little  Falls, 
Minnesota,  where  the  father  handled  a  hotel  until  the 
time  of  his  death,  in  1873,  having  come  there  in  1854. 
The  mother  continued  the  business  until  she  died  in 
1884,  and  they  both  repose  in  the  cemetery  in  Little 
Falls.  Our  subject  received  his  education  from  the 
public  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years,  started 
in  life  for  himself.  He  worked  as  assistant  cook  in  a 
logging  camp  and  then  took  charge  of  that  department 
and  on  the  drive  until  1888,  when  he  came  to  Spo- 
kane, and  there  operated  a  restaurant  for  six  months. 
Selling  out,  he  came  to  the  old  town  of  Athol,  worked 
for  a  sawmill  outfit  and  then  for  Prickett  &  Warner 
for  three  years  on  a  farm.  Then  he  took  a  homestead 
and  proved  up  on  it,  embellished  it  with  buildings, 
fences,  orchard,  and  so  forth,  then  purchased  some  pro- 
perty in  Postfalls,  and  in  1902,  he  bought  the  hotel 
in  Athol,  as  mentioned  above. 

In  1880  Mr.  Batters  married  Miss  Ellen,  daughter 
of  William  G.  and  Sarah  (Swatz)  McEwen,  natives 
of  New  York  and  Germany,  respectively.  They  came 
to  Wisconsin  and  there  the  mother  died  and  the  father 
went  to  Nebraska  and  there  he  passed  away  in  1899. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Batters  one  child  has  been  born, 
George  E.,  with  his  parents.  Mr.  Batters  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Pine  Lodge  No.  75.  His  son  be- 
longs to  the  same  lodge  and  also  to  the  Rebekahs, 
Evergreen  Lodge,  No.  51,  and  to  the  M.  W.  A..  Athol 
Camp,  No.  8388.  Mr.  Batters  is  a  man  of  sterling 
worth  and  has  hosts  of  friends  wherever  he  is  known. 


HARVEY  J.  SWOFFORD.  This  well  known 
gentleman  is  one  of  the  heavy  property  owners  of 
Kootenai  county,  his  estate  of  six  hundred  acres  being 
located  about  four  miles  northwest  from  Coeur  d'Alene, 
where  he  does  a  general  farming  business  and  raises 


stock.  His  land  is  about  half  under  cultivation,  and 
he  has  a  fine  orchard  of  all  varieties,  good  buildings, 
and  all  about  him  testifies  that  he  is  a  man  of  sagacity 
and  industry. 

Harvey  J.  Swofford  was  born  in  St.  Clair  county, 
Missouri,  on  April  13,  1843,  being  the  son  of  Harvey 
J.  and  Nancy  (Murphy)  Swofford,  natives  of  Illinois, 
but  farmers  of  Missouri.  In  1845  tnev  removed  to 
the  vicinity  of  St.  Louis,  where  they  remained  until 
the  time  of  their  death.  Our  subject  received  a  good 
schooling  and  at  a  young  age  went  to  work  for  him- 
self. The  mother  died  when  he  was  ten  and  his  father 
married  a  second  time.  When  he  had  worked 
out  eight  years,  he  came  home  and  assisted 
his  father  for  two  years.  Then  he  bought  a 
farm  and  gave  his  attention  to  tilling  it  until 
1888,  when  he  came  to  the  west.  He  purchased  a  por- 
tion bf  his  present  estate,  it  being  unimproved,  and  in 
three  years  he  had  it  all  broken  and  good  buildings 
erected.  The  rest  of  the  land  has  been  purchased  later. 
He  has  considerable  stock  in  addition  to  his  other  pro- 
perty. 

In  1878  Mr.  Swofford  married  Miss  Sarah  J., 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Sendy  (Davenport)  Goodin, 
natives  of  Tennessee,  and  to  this  happy  union  sevei 
children  have  been  born :  Frank,  married  and  living  i: 
Coeur  d'Alene;  Leonard,  Thomas,  Mary  L.,  Ellen, 
Wallace,  and  Lee  A.  Mr.  Swofford  is  an  enterprising 
business  man  and  has  achieved  a  good  success  and  ' 
counted  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  men  of  his 


CHARLES  WAGGONER  is  one  of  the  younger 
men  whose  lot  has  been  cast  in  the  fertile  regions  of 
Kootenai  county,  and  he  has  made  a  success  here  that 
does  him  real  credit,  while  also  he  stands  well  among 
the  people  of  his  community.  He  lives  two  miles  west 
and  one  mile  south  from  Postfalls  and  owns  two  hun- 
dred acres  of  good  land.  He  has  nearly  one  hundred 
acres  in  cultivation,  good  improvements,  as  buildings, 
fences,  orchard,  and  so  forth.  He  does  a  general  farm- 
ing business  and  has  some  stock  on  the  place. 

With  this  brief  outline,  we  will  notice  the  details  of 
his  life.  His  birth  occurred  on  January  14,  1874,  in 
Dale,  Iowa,  and  his  parents  were,  Francis  M.  and  Ida 
V.  Waggoner,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Ohio,  respec- 
tively. They  are  mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this 
volume.  Charles  was  educated  in  Iowa  and  in  Kansa 
and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  started  out  for  himself.  He 
came  with  his  parents  to  Washington,  and  at  Chester 
he  served  on  the  school  board  and  then  came  to  his 
present  place.  He  took  one  quarter  as  a  homestead  and 
bought  one  forty  afterwards. 

In  May,  1895  Mr.  Waggoner  married  Miss  Eva  M., 
daughter  of  Isaac  and  Martha  (Blackburn)  Fleming, 
natives  of  Ireland  and  England,  respectively.  The 
mother  died  while  Mrs.  Waggoner  was  young.  In 
1890  Mr.  Fleming  came  to  Washington,  but  lives  now 
at  Stockbridge,  Massachusetts.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wag- 
goner there  have  been  born  three  children,  Glenys  I. 
Dora  F.,  and  Charles  M.  Mr.  Waggoner  is  a  member 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  Tent  No.  18,  in  Postfalls.  He  is 
with  the  Populist  party  in  political  matters  and  was  ap- 
pointed deputy  assessor  in  this  county  for  two  years, 
in  1901  and  1902.  He  is  active  in  this  realm  and  takes 
a  keen  interest  in  the  affairs  of  local  and  state  politics. 
He  is  a  young  man  of  good  standing  and  is  one  of  the 
public  minded  and  capable  citizens  of  the  county. 


JOSEPH  PROVOST  is  one  of  the  sturdy  pioneers 
of  Kootenai  county  and  his  hands  have  wrought  a  good 
work  in  opening  his  present  farm,  three  miles  east  from 
Coeur  d'Alene,  which  worthy  labors  have  augmented 
the  wealth  of  the  county  and  done  much  in  the  upbuild- 
ing and  development  of  the  new  country. 

Joseph  Provost  was  born  in  St.  Julienne  county, 
province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  on  June  2,  1863,  being  the 
son  of  Peter  and  Netellei  (Brunelle)  Provost,  also  na- 
tives of  the  same  province.  The  mother  died  in  1865 
in  Saint  Julienne  county  and  the  father  died  in  1869  and 
is  buried  in  Rouville  county,  Canada.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  Saint  Damase,  in  the  public  schools  and 
when  seventeen  came  to  Rhode  Island  where  he  worked 
one  year  in  the  cotton  factories.  Then  he  returned  to 
the  Ottawa  river  in  Canada,  and  eighteen  months  later 
came  thence  to  Portland,  Oregon.  He  soon  came  to 
Kootenai  county  and  in  1887,  he  located  his  present 
place.  He  cultivates  fifteen  acres,  has  good  improve- 
ments and  owns  one  million  feet  of  good  saw  timber. 

On  July  15,  1902,  Mr.  Provost  married  Miss  Res- 
ser  D.  Graves,  whose  parents  were  natives  of  Wis- 
consin. Mr.  Provost  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
church,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church.  Politically  Mr.  Provost  is  allied  with  the 
Peoples  party,  and  is  active  and  influential  in  local 
politics. 


FRANK  RUSSELL  is  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  Kootenai  county  and  his  worthy  labors  in  the  up- 
building of  the  county's  interests  and  augmenting  its 
wealth,  his  own  intrinsic  worth  and  unswerving  integ- 
rity, are  reasons  sufficient  to  warrant  a  detailed  account 
of  him  in  the  volume  that  chronicles  the  lives  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  county  and  its  annals. 

Frank  Russell  was  born  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
Canada,  on  May  I,  18^2,  being  the  son  of  Frank  and 
Mary  A.  (Wolrick)  Russell,  natives  of  Quebec,  where 
they  remained  until  their  death.  Our  subject  was  not 
favored  with  the  privilege  of  attending  public  schools 
and  he  was  obliged  to  gather  his  education  from  the 
books  he  could  obtain  and  by  utilizing  his  odd  moments 
in  this  good  labor.  The  first  time  he  entered  a  school 
house  was  when  he  was  elected  school  trustee  in  1872, 
in  Michigan.  Frank  worked  for  his  father  and  the 
neighbors  until  he  was  fourteen  and  then  went  into 
the  lumber  woods.  He  has  followed  this  business  more 
or  less  since  that  date  and  is  a  skillful  and  capable  man 
in  this  line.  He  came  to  Maine  with  his  parents,  who 
returned  to  Canada,  but  he  remained.  He  worked  for 
one  man  a  number  of  years  and  when  he  came  to  Mich- 


igan our  subject  came  with  him  and  remained  in  his 
employ  for  ten  years.  Then  the  employer  departed 
from  the  country  and  our  subject  went  to  work  for  an- 
other company.  In  1882  he  went  to  logging  for  him- 
self and  in  1886  he  came  to  Idaho  and  located  on  his 
present  place,  three  miles  northeast  from  Coeur  d'Alene 
and  has  devoted  himself  to  improving  his  ranch  and  to 
logging  in  the  different  sections  adjacent.  Mr.  Rus- 
setf  has  a  good  house,  barns  and  other  buildings  and  has 
some  fruit  trees  and  also  cultivates  sixty  acres.  He  has 
also  about  fourteen  head  of.  stock.  The  first  apple 
grown  on  the  ranch  was  preserved  by  Mrs.  Russeil  and 
they  keep  it  as  the  first  fruits  of  their  endeavors  in  the 
west. 

On  July  30,  1870,  Mr.  Russell  married  Mrs.  Bar- 
bara, widow  of  Absalom  Turner  and  daughter  of  John 
and  Mary  (Hill)  Noble.  Her  parents  were  natives 
of  England  and  came  to  Canada  in  183;,  locating  in 
Gosfield,  Essex  county,  West  Canada,  where  they  re- 
mained until  their  death.  Mr.  Russell  has  served  as 
school  trustee  for  nine  years  and  also  as  road  over- 
seer. They  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  and 
are  stanch  and  upright  people.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  them,  Frank  E. ;  Isabell  M.,  wife  of  John 
Rodjene;  Sophia  J.,  widow  of  Tom  Lewis,  now  in 
Butte,  Montana;  Grace  E.,  with  parents.  Mrs.  Rus- 
sell had  three  children  by  her  first  husband,  Amelia  T., 
wife  of  James  Horner."  in  Coeur  d'Alene :  Alary  E., 
wife  of  W.  L.  McKibben;  William  Turner,  in  this 
county. 


JONAS  G.  PETERSON.  About  three  miles  east 
from  Coeur  d'Alene  lies  the  estate  of  Mr.  Peterson. 
It  consists  of  two  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  good 
land,  eighty  of  which  he  bought  from  the  railroad  and 
one  hundred  and  sixty  he  gained  by  homestead  right. 
He  has  over  sixty-five  acres  under  cultivation  and 
raises  considerable  hay  and  handles  some  stock.  He 
is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  this  section  and  has 
labored  for  many  years  to  develop  and  build  up  the 
country. 

Jonas  G.  Peterson  was  born  in  Ylengerstorp,  Swe- 
den, in  1850,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Christine 
(Eungren)  Peterson,  natives  also  of  Sweden,  where 
the  mother  died  in  1855  and  the  father  in  1887.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  parish  school  until  sixteen 
and  then  went  to  work  on  the  railroad.  He  wrought 
at  this  in  the  summers  and  worked  for  his  father  in 
the  winters  until  he  was  twenty-five.  It  was  1875  that 
he  came  to  the  United  States,  locating  first  in  the  state 
of  Wisconsin.  He  came  on  to  Washington  in  1876, 
making  the  trip,  via  San  Francisco  and  Portland.  He 
wrought  in  the  saw  mills  at  Port  Gamble,  and  then 
returned  to  San  Francisco,  thence  going  to  British 
Columbia,  where  he  prospected  for  some  time.  He 
returned  to  the  Golden  Gate  and  later  we  find  him  in 
Arizona,  where  he  labored  in  the  woods  for  eleven 
years,  also  spending  part  of  the  time  in  mining.  In 
'1889  he  came  to  his  present  place  and  settled  on  un- 
surveyed  land,  which  was  found  to  be  railroad  land. 
Then  he  bought  an  eighty  of  it  and  homesteaded.  Mr. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Peterson  spent  two  years  logging  and  then  went  to 
work  on  his  place  and  he  has  made  some  good  improve- 
ments. He  has  a  fine  barn,  good  outbuildings  and 
fence,  with  other  evidences  of  thrift  and  industry. 

In  1894  Mr.  Peterson  married  Miss  Telda,  daughter 
of  Arvedson  Swenson  and  Caren  (Nelson)  Arvedson, 
natives  of  Sweden.  They  remained  in  their  native 
country  until  their  death.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peterson 
there  has  been  born  one  child,  Harry  R.  E.  They 
belong  to  the  Swedish  Lutheran  church.  Mr.  Peter- 
son is  allied  with  the  Republican  party,  and  is  active 
and  influential  in  the  campaigns.  He  i 
standing  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  capable 
citizens  of  the  county. 


HEXRY  REINIGER,  deceased.  On  the  eleventh 
day  of  January,  1903,  there  passed  from  the  scenes  of 
earth  to  the  realms  beyond  one  of  the  prominent  and 
leading  business  men  "in  Rathdrum,  Henry  Reiniger. 
He  had  suffered  long  from  a  painful  illness  and  on  the 
clay  mentioned,  at  his  residence  in  Rathdrum,  death 
came  to  end  it  all  and  he  went  hence.  The  funeral  was 
taken  in  charge  by  the  various  fraternal  orders  of 
which  Mr.  Reiniger  was  a  member  and  amid  a  con- 
course of  friends,  the  like  of  which  has  not  hitherto 
been  seen  in  this  town,  he  was  laid  to  rest. 

Mr.  Reiniger  was  well  known  all  over  this  section 
and  he  was  as  highly  esteemed  as  he  was  well  known. 
From  all  classes  came  friends  to  pay  their  respects  to 
the  deceased  and  it  was  known  that  an  influential  man, 
a  patriotic  citizen,  and  a  reliable  and  faithful  compan- 
ion had  gone  from  our  midst.  He  had  the  distinction  of 
being  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  this  section  and 
he  was  instrumental  in  opening  many  iterests  here  in 
those  clays.  He  passed  through  the  country  and  camped 
on  the  site  of  Spokane  before  any  town  had  been  started. 
This  was  in  1876.  Mr.  Reiniger  was  then  on  his  way 
'from  Germany  to  Colville  and  in  that  place  he  took 
charge  of  Hofsteder's  brewery.  Being  an  expert 
brewer  he  made  a  fine  success  of  it,  continuing  the 
same  until  1881.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Rathdrum 
and  built  a  brewery  for  himself.  Two  years  later  he 
had  the  sad  experience  of  looking  on  his  fine  property 
reduced  to  ashes.  This  did  not  daunt  his  spirit  and 
rising  to  the  emergency  he  built  a  larger  and  better 
plant  than  he  had  before.  This  was  put  in  successful 
operation  and  did  a  fine  business  until  1900,  when  it 
was  again  destroyed  by  fire.  Mr.  Reiniger  had  bought 
a  section  of  land  just  east  from  Rathdrum  and  he  su- 
perintended this  in  addition  to  handling  his  other  busi- 
ness. This  was  continued  until  the  spring  of  1902, 
when  he  sold  it.  Also  during  a  portion  of  the  years  of 
his  residence  in  Rathdrum,  Mr.  Reiniger  owned  a  sa- 
loon. While  operating  it  he  went  to  California  for  his 
health.  This  improved  him  some  but  did  not  entirely 
free  him  from  his  affliction  by  disease.  After  return- 
ing from  California,  he  sold  his  business  and  in  No- 
vember, 1902,  he  opened  a  large  and  complete  hard- 
ware store  in  Rathdrum.  This  was  part  of  the  es- 
tate left  at  his  decease  and  is  now  operated  by  his  son, 


who  was  foreman  of  it  before  Mr.  Reiniger's  death  and 
is  now  managing  the  same. 

Like  many  of  our  most  substantial  citizens,  Mr. 
Reiniger  was  born  in  Germany.  The  native  place  \ 
Wittenberg  and  the  date  July  12,  1851.  His  parents 
were  Gottlop  B.  and  Mary  Reiniger,  both  natives  of 
Germany,  where  also  they  remained  until  their  death. 
The  father  died  in  1898  and  the  mother  in  1900.  The 
elder  Reiniger  followed  the  brewing  business  and  a 
operated  a  hotel.  Henry  was  educated  in  the  excel- 
lent schools  of  his  native  place  and  also  completed  a 
commercial  course  in  a  business  college.  He  a 
'earned  the  brewing  business, commencing  when  he  A 
fifteen  years  old.  At  the  age  of  twenty,  he  entered  the 
army  and  served  for  three  years,  after  which  he  returned 
home.  It  then  became  his  purpose  to  leave  the  Fa- 
therland and  seek  his  place  and  fortune  in  the  New 
World.  This  he  did  in  1876  and  came  direct  to  Col- 
ville. Before  leaving  the  homeland,  Mr.  Reiniger  mar- 
ried the  lady  of  his  choice,  Anna  Foul,  whose  parents 
were  also  natives  of  Wittenberg,  where  they  remained 
until  death.  Six  children  have  been  born  to  this  happy 
union,  named  as  followss :  Anna,  Henry,  Laura,  Er- 
nest, Max,  Paul.  Laura  is  teaching  school  and  the 
others  are  engaged  variously. 

Mr.  Reiniger  was  well  known  in  business  circles 
and  was  a  power  in  politics.  He  was  allied  with  the 
Democratic  party  and  capable  of  giving  a  reason  for 
his  views.  Fraternally  he  was  affiliated  with  the  K. 
of  P.,  Chancellor  Lodge,  No.  13,  and  with  the  Rath- 
drum  Court,  No.  14,  F.  O.  A. 


ROBERT  C.  THOMPSON.  By  a  decided  choice 
of  the  people,  the  subject  of  this  article  has  been  called 
to  discharge  the  important  duties  of  rcni'  > 
of  Kootenai  county  and  it  is  but  right  to  remark  that 
in  these  duties  as  in  all  of  his  life,  he  manifests  the 
greatest  of  faithfulness  and  care  with  consideration  for 
all,  which  has  given  him  great  popularity  and  a  stand- 
ing that  is  enviable  indeed. 

Robert  C.  Thompson  was  born  in  Wythe  county, 
Virginia,  on  June  13,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Jezreel 
and  Ally  (Lindamood)  Thompson,  natives  of  the  same 
county,  where  also  they  died,  the  mother  in  1875  and 
tiie  father  in  1897.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  chil- 
dren:  Missouri  F.,  Denison  B.,  Robert  C.,  Simon  H., 
Virginia  B.,  Johanna,  Franklin  K.,  Irene,  Euretta, 
and  Andrew  M.  Our  subject  received  his  education 
in  his  native  place  and  remained  with  his  parents  until 
twenty-one.  Then  he  learned  the  carpenter  trade.  In 
1880  and  1881  he  carried  United  States  mail  and  in 
1883  he  purchased  a  saw  mill,  which  he  operated  until 
1885,  and  then  sold.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Wash- 
ington and  thence  to  Kootenai  county  in  the  same  year. 
He  built  a  home  in  Rathdrum  and  remained  two  years, 
after  which  he  went  to  Los  Angeles,  California.  In- 
side of  a  year  he  was  in  Spokane.  He  then  went  to 
Stone  Switch,  this  county,  and  in  1890  filed  a  home- 
stead, the  title  of  which  he  has  perfected,  and  in  1896 
came  back  to  Rathdrum.  He  established  the  first  post- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


925 


office  at  Athol,  Mrs.  Lydia  Irons  being  first  post- 
mistress and  his  wife  assistant.  While  living  on  his 
ranch  Mr.  Thompson  went  to  work  for  J.  H.  Stone 
as  foreman  in  his  camps  and  as  tie  inspector  until 
1892.  In  1896  he  came  to  Rathdrum  and  operated  a 
boarding  house  for  two  years,  then  took  the  foreman- 
ship  of  Pricket  &  Warner's  horse  ranch  for  six  months. 
Since  then  he  has  given  most  of  his  time  to  his  trade. 
In  1900  Mr.  Thompson  was  nominated  for  county 
commissioner  from  the  second  district,  but  although 
he  ran  ahead  of  his  ticket,  he  was  defeated.  In  1902 
he  was  placed  in  nomination  by  acclamation  for  county 
assessor  and  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  two  hundred 
and  forty-seven. 

On  November  27,  1884,  Mr.  Thompson  married 
Miss  Laura  A.,  daughter  of  Augustus  and  Catherine 
(Tartar)  Repass,  natives  of  Virginia,  as  were  their 
ancestors  for  generations  back  to  the  early  settlement 
of  the  colony.  They  were  the  parents  of  eight  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living :  Frank,  Rhoda,  Caroline  and 
Alice,  twins,  John  M.,  Laura  A.  Mrs.  Thompson  is 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  church,  and  her  father  was 
a  minister  in  that  denomination  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  having  served  for  thirty  years  in  the  pulpit. 


ERNEST  VAN  CLEVE.  The  owner  and  operator 
of  six  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land  about  two 
miles  north  from  Athol,  an  industrious  and  capable 
agriculturist  and  a  public  minded  citizen,  it  is  fitting 
that  Air.  Van  Cleve  should  be  granted  consideration 
in  the  history  of  northern  Idaho,  being  also  such  an 
one  as  to  be  reckoned  with  the  real  builders  of  the 
county  and  capable  in  labor  and  counsel. 

Ernest  Van  Cleve  was  born  in  Jackson  county, 
Michigan,  on  October  7,  1862,  being  the  son  .of  Bar- 
ney and  Fidelia  (Walworth)  Van  Cleve,  natives,  re- 
spectively, of  New  York  and  Michigan.  From  Jack- 
son county  they  removed  to  Gratiot  county,  where  the 
mother  died  in  1866  and  the  father  in  1884.  There 
Ernest  received  a  common  school  education  and  at  the 
tender  age  of  seven  he  was  cast  upon  his  own  re- 
sources and  from  that  time  to  the  present  he  has  been 
active  in  labors  and  travels.  He  worked  at  whatever 
employment  came  to  hand  and  when  sixteen  years  of 
age  he  bought  eighty  acres  of  land.  This  was  held 
four  years,  and  then  he  sold  it  for  thirteen  hundred 
dollars.  This  was  an  excellent  start  for  a  young  man 
of  twenty,  especially  so  when  he  had  earned  it  all  by 
his  own  labors.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Van  Cleve  in  Wis- 
consin lumbering  and  two  years  after  that  he  returned 
to  Michigan.  In  1887  he  came  again  to  Wisconsin 
and  the  next  year  he  made  his  way  to  the  coast.  He 
labored  in  various  capacities  until  1895,  and  then  for 
two  years  he  prospected  in  western  Washington,  Brit- 
ish Columbia  and  Montana.  In  1897  he  came  to 
Kootenai  county  and  made  ties  for  three  years.  The 
next  venture  in  the  way  of  investment  was  the  purchase 
of  the  section  of  land  where  Mr.  Van  Cleve  now  lives. 
Since  that  time  he  has  given  himself  to  the  improve- 
ment of  his  place  and  now  has  a  valuable  piece  of  land 


with  some  good  improvements  already  made  and  many 
more  laid  out.  He  is  a  good,  substantial  citizen,  re- 
spected by  all  and  stands  well.  Mr.  Van  Cleve  is  a 
charter  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Pine  Lodge,  No. 
75.  He  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister:  William; 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  Robert  McGregor;  Alpine,  all  in 
Michigan.  Mr.  Van  Cleve's  paternal  grandfather  was 
in  the  Civil  war  and  an  uncle  on  his  father's  side  is 
a  sea  captain  on  the  lakes. 


EDWARD  BJORNSON.  Four  miles  southwest 
from  Bonners  Ferry  is  located  the  home  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article.  The  land  was  taken  under  the 
homestead  right  and  Mr.  Bjornson  is  giving  his  time 
and  labor  to  making  it  a  good  home  and  a  valuable 
property.  He  is  a  son  of  Norway,  being  born  in  Ber- 
gen, on  August  31..  1854,  and  inheriting  the  excellent 
qualities  of  enterprise  and  push  that  made  his  ancestors 
the  real  discoverers  of  the  new  continent.  His  parents, 
Krick  and  Anna  (LeDahl)  Rjornson,  were  natives  of 
the  same  country  and  migrated  to  America  in  1857. 
They  located  in  Dane  county,  Wisconsin,  where  they 
remained  for  eleven  years  and  then  removed  to  Web- 
ster county,  Iowa.  This  was  their  home  until  death 
called  them  thence.  Our  subject  received  his  educa- 
tional training  in  these  localities  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  their  death  and  then  came  the  meeting 
of  life's  responsibilities  on  his  own  account.  He  farmed 
for  three  years  and  after  that  gave  his  attention  to 
learning  the  tinsmith  trade  and  more  or  less  he  has  de- 
voted himself  to  that  since.  In  1887  he  came  to  Cali- 
fornia and  soon  thereafter  went  to  Seattle,  Washing- 
ton, where  one  year  was  spent.  He  then  visited  Walla 
Walla  and  Pendleton  and  in  1889  was  in  Spokane. 
In  1889  Mr.  Bjornson  was  in  Sandpoint  and  then  came 
to  Bonners  Ferry  in  1891.  He  took  a  squatter's  right 
and  later,  when  the  land  was  surveyed,  he  found  it  was 
railroad  land  instead  of  government  and  he  bought  it. 
In  1899  he  sold  the  property  and  made  a  visit  east, 
but  returned  soon  to  Kootenai  county,  settling-  this 
time  on  his  present  place.  He  is  devoting  himself  to 
its  improvement  and  development  and  is  one  of  the 
substantial  men  of  this  section.  Politically  he  is  allied 
with  the  Democrats  and  is  always  active  in  the  cam- 
paigns. He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F..  being  a 
charter  member  of  Badger  Lodge,  No.  482,  in  Web- 
ster county,  Iowa.  Mr.  Bjornson  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Lutheran  church. 


COLON  SPENCER  SMITH.  This  esteemed 
gentleman  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  the  Koot- 
enai valley  and  he  had  the  distinction  of  being  one  of 
the  settlers  here  when  there  were  but  two  houses  in  the 
entire  valley.  Since  that  time,  Mr.  Smith  has  given 
himself  to  the  excellent  work  of  developing  and  up- 
building and  he  is  now  one  of  the  prominent  and  in- 
fluential men  of  the  valley. 

Colon   S.   Smith   was  born   in   Henderson  county, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Illinois,  on  October  15,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Midel- 
ton  W.  and  Jane  (Foster)  Smith,  natives  of  Virginia. 
They  emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1852  and  farmed  there 
six  years  and  then  went  to  Missouri,  where  they  re- 
mained until  1870.  Then  the  father  went  to  Colorado 
and  mined  for  twelve  years.  He  failed  to  make  a  suc- 
cess in  this  venture  and  so  returned  to  farming.  He 
is  now  living  near  Mount  Rose,  aged  eighty-four,  on 
November  4.  Nine  children  were  in  the  family,  Will- 
iam K.,  Benjamin  F.,  Granville  R.,  Susan,  de- 
ceased, Samuel  W.,  Elizabeth  Hampton,  Mary 
A.  Tapping,  Colon  S.,  our  subject,  Charley. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  and  then  went 
with  the  family  to  Colorado.  At  the  age  of  seventeen, 
he  went  to  mining  and  in  1881  he  came  to  the  Wood 
river  region  in  Idaho.  Thence  he  went  to  Montana 
and  in  May,  1883,  he  came  to  Kootenai  valley.  Thence 
he  went  to  Mexico,  then  to  South  America,  being  in 
Panama  and  other  points  there.  From  that  place  he 
next  went  to  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  later  we  see 
him  in  Arizona.  He  mined  in  all  these  places  and  in 
1884  Mr.  Smith  returned  to  Missouri.  Again  we  see 
him  in  the  Kootenai  country  and  he  was  also  one  of  the 
foremost  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  excitement.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  mines  there  two  years  and  then  settled 
on  the  Pend  d'Oreille  river  and  raised  stock  for  five 
years.  In  1892  Mr.  Smith  located  his  present  home- 
stead, three  and  one-half  miles  south  from  Port  Hill. 
He  has  a  good  place  and  improved  in  a  becoming  man- 
ner. He  has  also  bought  other  land  and  he  owns  over 
half  a  section.  Mr.  Smith  pays  much  attention  to 
raising  stock  and  puts  up  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
tons  of  hay  each  year.  Mr.  Smith  grub  staked  Will- 
iam Houston  and  the  latter  located  what  is  now  known 
as  the  Continental  group  of  mines.  This  valuable 
property  is  twenty  miles  west  from  Port  Hill  and  con- 
sists of  three  claims,  of  which  Mr.  Smith  owns  a  one- 
sixth  interest.  The  property  is  bonded  for  a  large  sum 
and  is  considered  one  of  the  valuable  properties  in  this 
country. 

On  October  29,  1884,  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss  Su- 
sie, daughter  of  Peter  and  Margarett  (Piper)  Klein, 
natives  of  Germany  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively. 
The  father  came  to  America  when  young  and  now  lives 
in  Schnyler  county,  Missouri.  The  mother  died  when 
Mrs.  Smith  was  young.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  this  happy  marriage,  Ethel,  Mary  L.,  and  Florence 
C.  B.,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Republican,  but 
is  also  an  independent  thinker  and  is  of  liberal  turn 
of  mind.  He  is  active  and  influential  in  the  cam- 
paigns. In  Montana,  he  was  elected  to  the  territorial 
convention  and  was  also  nominated  for  sheriff,  but  de- 
clined it.  Mr.  Smith  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of 
the  valley  and  is  the  recipient  of  the  esteem  and  good 
will  of  all  who  know  him. 


DELBERT  H.  BENTLEY.  The  young  and  ac- 
tive men  who  are  stepping  to  the  front  in  the  noble 
work  of  developing  the  almost  boundless  resources  of 
Kootenai  county  are  deserving  of  great  credit  and 


among  the  number  we  desire  to  mention  as  one  of  the 
most  thrifty  and  wide  awake  and  enterprising,  the 
subject  of  this  article. 

Delbert  H.  Bentley  was  born  in  Emerald,  St. 
Croix  county.  Wisconsin,  on  November  17,  1878,  being 
the  son  of  Edmond  J.  and  Theoda  (Sluyter)  Bentley, 
natives  of  Michigan.  Later  they  removed  to  Wiscon- 
sin and  about  1800  came  to  Kootenai  county,  where 
they  are  numbered  among  the  prosperous  farmers  now. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Wisconsin  until 
eleven  and  then  came  with  his  parents  to  Kootenai 
county,  where  he  also  studied  some  in  the  district 
schools.  He  labored  with  his  father  until  he  was  about 
of  age,  and  then  he  inaugurated  independent  action  and 
soon  demonstrated  his  excellent  business  qualities  and 
executive  force,  both  in  the  achievements  accomplished 
and  also  in  selecting  some  fine  railroad  land  which  he 
bought,  which  together  with  a  homestead  taken,  makes 
him  a  fine  estate  of  about  one-half  section  or  a  little 
more.  This  body  of  land  lies  about  one  mile  south  from 
Granite  and  is  improved  in  a  good  manner.  The  tire- 
less labors  of  Mr.  Bentley  are  making  it  better  each 
year  and  bestowed,  as  they  are,  with  excellent  wis- 
dom, it  is  evident  that  he  will  soon  have  one  of  the 
finest  farms  of  this  section.  Mr.  Bentley  is  one  of  the 
intelligent  and  active  Republicans  of  this  section,  al- 
wavs  to  the  front  in  county  affairs  and  manifesting 
a  diligence  in  the  investigation  of  principles  and  ques- 
tions of  moment  that  makes  him  one  of  the  well  posted 
men  in  his  community.  Mr.  Bentley  is  a  member  of 
the  M.  W.  A.,  Granite  Camp,  No.  10875  and  is  now 
holding  the  office  of  banker.  He  has  not  yet  seen  fit 
to  desert  the  ranks  of  the  jolly  bachelors  and  rejoices 
in  the  quietness  and  comforts  of  celibacy.  Mr.  Bentley 
is  among  the  highly  esteemed  men  of  this  section  and 
has  the  good  will  of  all. 


JAMES  A.  GREEN.  A  capable  and  enterpris- 
ing man  whose  labors  are  manifesting  a  worth  and  in- 
dustry that  properly  place  him  among  the  leading  men 
of  the  section,  it  is  fitting  to  grant  especial  mention 
to  him  in  the  history  of  Kootenai  county. 

James  A.  Green  was  born  in  Flint,'  Michigan,  on 
November  30,  1871,  being  the  son  of  Alphonso  and 
Nancy  L.  (Clark)  Green,  natives  of  Michigan.  The 
mother  died  in  1883  and  the  father  then  went  to  Wis- 
consin and  in  1888  came  to  Kootenai  county  where  he 
now  lives.  Our  subject  went  with  his  parents  to  Lud- 
ington,  Michigan,  and  there  received  his  education. 
When  fifteen,  he  went  to  do  for  himself  and  at  once 
learned  the  lumber  business.  He  operated  in  the  woods 
in  winter  and  drove  in  the  spring.  In  1898  he  came 
to  Kootenai  county  and  took  his  present  place  as  a 
homestead.  It  lies*  one-half  mile  south  from  Granite 
and  there  Mr.  Green  devotes  himself  to  general  farm- 
ing and  raising  stock. 

In  1893  Mr.  Green  married  Miss  Alta  B.,  daughter 
of  William  an.d  Levina  (Bentley)  Starr,  natives  of 
Emerald,  Wisconsin,  where  they  now  reside  and  do 
farming.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  couple, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Cora  B.  and  Myrte  Y.  Mr.  Green  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Pine  Lodge,  at  Athol,  and  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
at  Granite,  being  manager. 


ERNEST  F.  FISCHER.  Among  the  enterpris- 
ing farmers  who  are  making  Kootenai  county  one  of 
the  prosperous  divisions  of  the  state,  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  who  re- 
sides three  miles  north  from  Granite. 

Ernest  F.  Fischer  was  born  in  Bernick,  Germany, 
on  June  28,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Ernest  and  Christina 
(Deitrick)  Fischer,  also  natives  of  the  Fatherland.  The 
father  died  there  in  1887  and  the  mother  came  to 
America  in  1891  and  died  in  1902.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  his  native  place  and  when  fourteen  went 
to  work  for  himself,  farming.  In  1868  he  joined  the 
army  and  went  through  the  Franco-Prussian  war.  He 
received  a  wound  in  the  eye  which  necessitated  the 
taking  out  of  that  important  member.  In  1871  he  was 
discharged  and  immediately  went  to  railroading.  1890 
was  the  year  in  which  he  came  to  America  and  for  a 
year  or  so  he  worked  in  Oakesdale,  Washington, 
whence  he  came  to  Kootenai  county,  1893  being  the 
year  in  which  he  landed  here.  He  soon  selected  a 
homestead,  and  since  that  time  he  has  given  his  atten- 
tion to  cultivation  of  the  soil  and  raising  stock.  His 
place  is  situated  well  and  is  good  land. 

In  1872  Mr.  Fischer  married  Miss  Pauline,  daugh- 
ter of  August  and  Elenora  Hofler,  natives  of  Germany. 
Four  children  have  been  born  to  this  happy  marriage, 
who  are  named  as  follows:  Lonie,  Amelia,  Pauline 
and  Eliza. 

Mr.  Fischer  contracted  a  second  marriage  four 
years  ago.  The  lady  becoming  his  wife  was  Mrs.  T. 
Kastner,  who  came  all  the  way  from  the  old  country 
to  enter  this  relation.  Mrs.  Fischer  has  one  child  by 
her  former  husband. 


EDMOND  JOHN  BENTLEY.  This  sturdy  pi- 
oneer is  also  one  of  .the  real  builders  of  Kootenai  county 
and  during  his  stay  here  he  has  manifested  the  true 
nimrod  qualities  and  his  trusty  rifle  has  gotten  him 
many  trophies  of  the  chase. 

Edmond  J.  Bentley  was  born  in  Jasper  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  March  21,  1854,  being  the  son  of 
Armis'and  Minerva  (Sharp)  Bentley,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Thence  they  went  to  New  York  state,  later 
to  Michigan,  then  to  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  and  finally 
to  Emerald  in  the  last  state.  There  the  father  died 
in  1886,  the  mother  having  died  six  months  previous. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  until 
sixteen  and  then  he  spent  some  time  in  Boardman, 
Wisconsin,  where  he  finished  a  good  education.  When 
twenty-four,  Mr.  Bentley  stepped  forth  to  do,  on  the 
plain  of  life's  activities,  for  himself  and  in  the  course 
of  three  years  he  purchased  a  farm,  which  later  he  sold 
and  came  west  to  Spokane.  In  1886  he  came  to  Gran- 
ite and  made  ties  for  one  year.  Then  he  worked  on 


the  Northern  Pacific  and  in  1888  he  went  to  Wisconsin. 
The  following  year  saw  him  in  Kootenai  county  again 
and  since  that  date  his  home  has  been  here.  He  fol- 
lowed contracting  in  various  timber  work  until  1898, 
when  he  bought  his  present  place  of  one  quarter  sec- 
tion, seven  miles  north  from  Granite.  The  place  is 
timber  and  meadow  land  and  is  quite  valuable,  yield- 
ing good  returns  of  hay  each  year.  He  does  general 
farming  and  also  raises  cattle.  Mr.  Bentley  also  raises 
vegetables  for  the  markets  and  this  year  had  a  cabbage 
weighing  over  twenty  pounds. 

On  August  I,  1877,  Mr.  Bentley  married  Miss 
Theoda  N.,  daughter  of  Westol  H.  and  Wealthy 
(Barnes)  Sluyter,  natives  of  Michigan.  The  mother 
died  in  Travis,  Michigan,  in  1866  and  the  father  now 
lives  in  Kootenai  county.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bentley,  Delbert  H.,  in  Granite ; 
Bertha,  wife  of  O.  L.  Marrow,  in  Pennville,  Indiana. 
Mr.  Bentley  is  a  stanch  and  active  Republican  and 
does  good  service  in  the  campaigns.-  He  is  one  of  the 
trustees  and  gave  money  to  start  the  first  school  in  the 
district. 

By  way  of  reminiscence  it  is  interesting  to  note  a 
little  fray  Mr.  Bentley  recently  had  with  some  bears. 
He  met  a  couple  of 'cubs,  and  having  only  a  small 
twenty-two  rifle,  succeeded  in  getting  one  of  them 
when  the  clam  made  her  appearance.  Even  the  ammu- 
nition of  this  toy  gun  was  exhausted  and  the  savage 
dam  was  hurrying  to  the  fray.  Mr.  Bentley  remained 
calm  as  the  seasoned  hunter  should  and  when  the  brute 
rushed  upon  him,  he  succeeded  in  jamming  the  rifle 
barrel  down  her  throat.  This  was  too  much,  even  for 
her  vigorous  palate,  and  she  retreated  in  disgrace  and 
Mr.  Bentley  won  the  field  and  the  fight. 


ABNER  CURTIS.  The  long  time  which  Mr. 
Curtis  has  spent  in  this  section  entitles  him  to  the  wor- 
thy name  of  pioneer  of  Kootenai  county  and  as  such 
we  grant  him  representation  in  the  history  of  his 
county. 

Abner  Curtis  was  born  in  Shiawassee  county,  Mich- 
igan, on  October  2,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  and 
Sarah  (Smith)  Curtis,  natives  respectively  of  Ohio 
and  Canada.  The  mother  came  to  the  United  States 
with  her  parents  when  seven  years  of  age  and  in  Michi- 
gan met  and  married  Mr.  Curtis.  For  fifteen  years 
they  lived  in  Shiawassee  county  and  then  moved  to 
Travis  county.  The  father  died  in  1870  and  the  mother 
nine  years  later.  Our  subject  received  his  education 
in  the  places  mentioned  and  when  fifteen  he  went  to 
do  for  himself.  He  wrought  in  the  lumber  region  until 
1880,  then  went  to  Emerald,  Wisconsin,  and  lumbered 
for  six  years  more  and  then  came  the  journey  to  Koot- 
enai county  and  since  the  day  he  first  landed  here  he 
has  remained.  Mr.  Curtis  contracted  ties  for  four 
years  and  in  1890  he  took  his  present  homestead,  six 
miles  northeast  from  Granite.  He  has  comfortable 
buildings,  the  land  all  fenced,  cuts  from  eighty  to  one 
hundred  tons  of  hay  and  does  a  general  farming  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Curtis  has  introduced  some  of  the  finest 


928 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Red  Pole  cattle  into  the  county  that  there  are  in  the 
west  and  he  has  some  excellent  breeding  animals  in- 
cluding one  male  that  is  very  valuable.  Mr.  Curtis 
has  a  dozen  or  more  of  these  fine  animals  and  also  han- 
dles about  thirty  other  cattle.  He  is  one  of  the  pros- 
perous and  well-to-do  men  of  the  community. 

In  1882  Mr.  Curtis  married  Miss  Inez;  daughter 
of  Westol  and  Wealthy  (Barnes;)  Sluyter,  natives  of 
Maryland.  They  came  west  to  Kootenai  county  and 
the  father  now  lives  on  a  farm  near  Granite.  The 
mother  died  in  1866.  Mr.  Curtis  is  a  prominent  and 
influential  Democrat  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the 
campaigns.  He  has  been  school  trustee  for  a  number 
of  years.  Mr.  Curtis  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters  living:  Adalade,  wife  of  Oren  Case,  in  Travis 
county;  Milo,  in  Frankfort,  Michigan;  James  A.,  in 
Ann  Arbor,  Michigan ;  Mary,  wife  of  Charles  Welch, 


ALBERT  D.  EATON.  About  three  miles  east 
from  Hope  is  the  estate  and  business  place  of  Mr. 
Eaton.  He  owns  two  hundred  acres  of  good  land  and 
upon  this  he  does  both  a  general  farming  business 
and  also  operates  a  sawmill.  He  is  a  man  of  upright- 
ness and  good  business  ability  and  is  doing  much  to 
assist  in  building  up  the  country  and  to  augment  the 
wealth  of  the  county. 

Albert  D,  Eaton  was  born  in  Maquoketa,  Iowa,  on 
December  i,  1872,  being  the  son  of  Theophilus  and 
Angeline  (Watrous)  Eaton,  natives  of  Indiana.  They 
came  to  Iowa  in  pioneer  days  and  there  remained  until 
1900,  when  they  pressed  further  into  the  west  and  now 
dwell  in  Kootenai  county.  They  had  one  child,  the 
subject  of  this  article.  Albert  received  his  education 
in  his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  he  started 
in  life  for  himself.  He  worked  on  a  farm  for  five  years 
and  then  worked  with  his  father  until  1900.  In"  that 
year  Mr.  Eaton  bought  eighty  acres  of  his  present  es- 
tate from  the  railroad.  The  next  year  he  purchased 
one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  more  and  now  has  a  fine 
bodv  of  land. 

In  1899  Mr.  Eaton  married  Annie  Gronn,  daughter 
of  F.  D.'and  Amelie  (Lucia)  Ordway.  In  political 
matters  Mr.  Eaton  is  a  Republican  and  'is  active  in  the 
campaigns. 


ALBERT  R.  CASE.  To  this  intelligent  and  ex- 
perienced gentleman,  whose  travels  and  various  occu- 
pations in  the  industries  and  callings  of  business  and 
education  have  fitted  him  to  be  a  leading  citizen,  we 
accord  representation  in  the  history  of  Kootenai  county 
and  feel  assured  that  a  detailed  account  of  his  career 
will  be  interesting  reading. 

Albert  R.  Case  was  born  in  Madison,  Wisconsin, 
on  May  17,  1863,  being  the  son  of  H.  W.  and  Hannah 
(Brink)  Case,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  re- 
spectively. They  settled  in  Madison,  Wisconsin,  and 
remained  twenty  years.  Later  they  removed  to  Platte- 
ville.  Grant  county,  the  same  state,  and  remained  there 


until  their  death.  The  mother  died  in  1889  and  ,the 
father  passed  beyond  the  next  year.  He  had  served  as 
a  blacksmith  in  the  Civil  \van  Our  subject  received 
a  liberal  education  in  the  state  normal  at  Platteville 
and  when  twenty  he  took  up  the  educator's  calling. 
He  taught  in  Lancaster  and  in  1886  came  west  to  San 
Francisco,  where  he  served  a  time  in  the  freight  office 
of  the  Mariposa  Steamship  Company,  having  a  line  of 
boats  from  Sidney,  Australia,  to  San  Francisco.  Thence 
he  came  to  Colville,  Washington,  where  he  taught 
school  and  then  mined  for  six  years.  Returning  to 
Wisconsin,  he  taught  there  and  in  Illinois  and  then 
he  married  and  farmed  for  four  years,  after  which  he 
made  the  arduous  journey  to  Alaska,  where  he  spent 
two  years  in  mining  after  which  he  returned  once 
more  to  civilization,  brought  his  family  from  Wise 
sin  and  settled  in  Kootenai  county  on  a  homestead, 
where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time,  just  south  from 
Dufort.  He  built  a  house,  barn,  outbuildings,  and 
other  improvements  and  is  devoting  himself  to  general 
farming  and  raising  stock. 

In  1893  Mr.  Case  married  Miss  Mamie,  daughter 
of  George  A.  and  Mary  J.  (Heard)  Utt,  natives  of 
Illinois.  They  removed  to  Lancaster,  Wise 
where  the  father  died ;  the  mother  now  lives  in  Coulee 
City,  Washington.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
and  Mrs.  Case,  Ruth.  Mr.  Case  is  one  of  a  family  of 
six  children :  Asa,  Hosea,  Charley,  Albert,  Eliza  and 
Rose. 


CAPTAIN  JOHN  J.  O'BRIEN.  What  better 
encomium  can  be  given  of  our  citizens  than  to  say  that 
he  has  served  through  the  terrible  war  of  the  Rebellion 
with  credit,  and  for  thirty  years  thereafter  he  has  in 
a  meritorious  manner  served  in  the  regular  army? 
Such  is  the  record  of  the  estimable  gentleman  whose 
name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  space  to  outline  his  career 
in  this  history  of  the  county  of  Kootenai. 

To  Christopher  and  Jane  (Kelly)  O'Brien,  natives 
of  Ireland,  John  J.  was  born  in  Kildare  county.  He 
came  to  America  when  he  was  young,  and  true  to  the 
blood  that  coursed  through  his  veins,  he  at  once  took 
part  to  help  uphold  the  government  and  wipe  out  the 
insult  that  had  been  offered  the  banner  of  the  free. 
He  enlisted  as  a  private  and  so  meritorious  was  his 
conduct  and  marked  with  such  intrepidity  and  valor, 
that  he  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  before  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Win- 
chester under  Sheridan  and  fought  through  all  the 
struggle  until  the  surrender  at  Appomattox  Court 
House.  Being  honorably  discharged,  he  re-enlisted 
in  the  regular  army  as  a  private  and  soon  was  promoted 
to  a  second  lieutenancy,  and  in  due  time  had  again 
the  position  of  captain,  which  his  worth  and  experience 
and  courage  demanded  for  him.  In  1886  he  came 
west  from  Omaha  with  his  regiment,  being  located  at 
Coeur  d'Alene.  Since  that  time  he  has  constantly 
been  in  the  west.  It  was  in  1896  that  the  Captain  was 
retired  and  since  that  time  he  has  made  his  home  at 
Coeur  d'Alene.  He  has  manifested  great  wisdom1  in 


CAPT.  JOHN  J.  O'BRIEN. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  business  world  as  also  in  his  other  lines  of  activity 
and  is  now  possessed  of  a  competence  of  this  world's 
goods.  He  has  one  of  the  most  valuable  additions  to 
Coeur  d'Alene.  which  is  known  as  O'Brien's  addition. 
The  plat  contained  one  hundred  and  fifty-nine  acres 
and  he  has  handled  it  in  a  commendable  manner.  The 
Captain  is  possessed  of  one  gold  medal  which  was  be- 
stowed by  the  membership  of  the  McDowel  Post  and 
is  a  beautiful  emblem,  which  is  greatly  valued  by  the 
owner  not  only  for  its  beauty  but  for  its  association. 
Captain  O'Brien  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Lafayette 
Post,  New  York.  The  days  have  come  when  the 
golden  time  of  his  well  spent  life  is  beginning  to  dawn 
upon  him  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  amid  real  friends, 
enjoying  the  meed  of  his  financial  sagacity,  and  with 


the 

his  country,  we  can  state  that  Captain  O'Brien  i; 
passing  the  days  of  his  sojourn  here  in  real  happiness 
and  as  becomes  a  retired  veteran. 


MEAD  VAUGHAN.  This  veteran  on  life's  bat- 
tle plain  as  well  as  a  real  veteran  of  the  terrible  strife 
that  rent  this  fair  land  in  the  sixties,  is  now  dwelling 
in  Kootenai  county  and  is  one  of  the  reliable  and  faith- 
ful men,  upright,  and  possessed  of  integrity  and  worth. 
Mead  Vaughn  was  born  in  Manchester,  Indiana, 
on  September  17,  1828,  where  he  was  educated  in  the 
district  schools.  He  started  in  life  as  a  farmer  and 
went  to  Iowa,  remaining  until  1859,  m  which  year  he 
removed  to  Illinois.  There  in  1862  he  enlisted  in  the 
Tenth  Illinois  Cavalry,  serving  under  Colonel  Stewart 
and  participating  in  arduous  and  faithful  military 
duties  until  1865,  when  he  was  mustered  out  in  New 
Orleans.  Then  he  went  to  southwest  Missouri  and 
mined  until  1882,  in  which  year  he  removed  to  Fre- 
mont county  Colorado.  In  1885  he  went  thence  to 

,  Silver  City,"  Idaho,  and  from  there  later  to  the  coast. 
He  was  soon  in  Spokane  and  thence  he  came  to  Koote- 
nai county,  where  he  has  remained  since.  Mr.  Vaughan 
has  been  occupied  in  farming  and  is  to  be  credited 
with  much  worthy  labor  in  building  up  the  county. 
He  is  the  father  of  two  children,  Don  F.,  and  Eva, 
who  died  in  1879.  Mr.  Vaughan  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  takes  the  keen 
interest  of  the  intelligent  and  patriotic  citizen.  He 
is  also  a  devout  member  of  the  Baptist  church  and  a 

.  faithful  supporter  of  the  gospel. 


FRANK  SCHUSSMAN.  Everything  about  the 
premises  of  the  subject  of  this  article  manifests  the 
thrift,  thoroughness,  and  wise  industry  of  the  pro- 
prietor and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to 
grant  him  special  mention  in  the  history  of  Kootenai 
county,  both  because  of  his  real  worth  and  because  of 
his  excellent  works. 

Frank  Schussman  was  born  in  Waupaca  county. 
Wisconsin,  on  March  14,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Carl 
and  Caroline  (Bublitz)  Schussman,  natives  of  Ger- 


many, but  immigrants  to  America,  where  they  settled 
in  Waupaca  county.  They  still  live  there  and  are  the 
parents  of  ten  children:  William;  Carl,  deceased; 
Frank,  our  subject;  Albert,  deceased;  Emma;  Mary; 
Henry ;  Amelia,  deceased ;  Edward  ;  Carrie.  Frank 
was  educated  in  his  native  county  and  in  Calumet, 
Fond  du  Lac  county,  until  fourteen  years  old  and  then 
he  went  to  work  for  his  father  exclusively  until  he  was 
twenty.  At  that  age  he  started  out  for  himself,  work- 
ing for  the  neighbors  at  common  labor.  In  1886  he 
went  to  Dakota,  thence  to  Wyoming  in  a  year  or  so, 
where  he  was  occupied  in  the  woods.  Next  we  see 

his  way  to  Kootenai  county.  Here  he  has  remained 
since  and  has  bestowed  his  labors  on  his  homestead, 


pecting.  His  farn 
Clarkfork  and  has 
man  was  a  leadei 
raising  fowls  and 
raising  them  in  th 
before,  everything 
motto  of  what  is 
and  this  is  of  great  i 
Mr.  Schussman  ha; 
of  stock  and  also 
Mr.  J.  Nosker,  hi 
lives  with  Mr.  Schi 
ber  of  the  1.  O.  O. 
fork. 


i  lies  a  mile  and  a  half  west  from 
been  well  improved.  Mr.  Schuss- 
•  in  inaugurating  the  industry  of 
built  the  first  fine  structure  for 
is  section1  of  the  country.  As  said 
about  the  farm  is  done  on  the 
rorth  doing,  is  worth  doing  well, 
importance  in  building  up  a  country. 
5  some  fine  fowls,  a  goodly  holding 

is  brother-in-law,  with  his  family 
jssman.  Mr.  Schussman  is  a  mem- 
F.,  Myrtle  Lodge  No.  69,  at  Clark- 


VICTOR  W.  ROTH.  In  at  least  two  distinct 
lines  of  activity  has  the  subject  of  this  article  made  a 
good  success,  being  at  the  present  time  a  minister  of 
of  the  gospel  in  Clarkfork  and  Hope,  where  he  dis- 
courses words  of  truth  and  encouragement  to  all, 
while  he  also  carries  on  a  successful  farming  business. 

Victor  W.  Roth  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  on 
December  23,  1853,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  and 
Anna  (Hirsch)  Roth,  natives  of  Germany.  The 
mother  died  there  in  1858,  but  the  father  is  'still  liv- 
ing, having  been  a  school  teacher  for  many  years. 
Our  subject  received  a  liberal  college  education  and  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  years  started  out  in  life  for  him- 
self. He  journeyed  to  Switzerland  and  thence-  to  the 
United  States  in  1872,  locating  in  New  York.  He 
went  thence  to  Kentucky  and  in  1875  to  the  Black 
Hills,  where  he  followed  mining  and  prospecting  for 
many  years.  In  1891  Mr.  Roth  came  to  Clarkfork, 
and  since  that  time  has  been  in  this  section.  He  was 
a  real  missionary  in  this  place  and  did  the  first  gospel 
preaching,  and  organized  the  first  Sunday  school  there. 
Mr.  Roth  is  preaching  both  at  Hope  and  Clarkfork, 
and  is  a  popular  and  highly  esteemed  man.  In  1895 
he  bought  a  piece  of  hay  land  and  moved  to  Hope, 
but  being  burned  out  there  the  following  year  In- 
returned  to  Clarkfork,  and  this  has  been  the  family 

In  April,  1881,  Mr.  Roth  married  Florence  S., 
daughter  of  Marion  and  Mary  Fraker,  natives  of  Illi- 
nois. They  came  west  to  Colorado  in  1873,  where 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


they  reside  at  the  present  time.  Seven  children,  six 
of  whom  are  living,  have  been  born  to  this  happy 
union:  Charles,  Henry,  Ruth,  Victor,  Frederick,  and 
Marie,  al!  living  at  home.  Mr.  Roth  is  an  active  Re- 
publican and  takes  an  interest  in  the  welfare  and  ad- 
vancement of  the  country.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A. 
O.  U.  W.,  Hope  Lodge' No.  23.  In  1901  Mrs.  Roth 
•was  appointed  postmistress  in  Clarkford  and  is  hold- 
ing the  position  with  satisfaction  to  all  at  the  present 
time. 


FREDRICK  M.  OWEN,  deceased.  It  is  emi- 
nently proper  that  in  the  volume  which  records  the 
history  of  Kootenai  county  there  should  be  found  a 
memorial  of  the  esteemed  gentleman  whose  name 
appears  above. 

Fredrick  M.  Owen  was  born  in  Greene  county, 
Indiana,  and  thence  came  with  his  parents  to  Mis- 
souri when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  served 
about  four  years  in  the  Civil  war  in  the  Missouri 
militia.  His' home  was  in  Missouri  until  1883,  when 
he  came  to  Kootenai  county.  This  continued  to  be 
his  dwelling  place  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
:i897.  Mr.  Owen  has  always  been  an  industrious  and 
upright  man  and  has  made  a  career  which  is  viewed 
•with  pride  by  his  loved  ones  left  behind.  His  grand- 
father, Thomas  Owen,  was  a  soldier  under  Corn- 
wallis,  and  at  Gifford  courthouse  he  was  wounded  by 
the  Puritans.  His  kneecap  was  shot  away.  Our  sub- 
ject married  Miss  Susanna'  Barren,  who  survives  her 
husband  and  is  now  dwelling  on  the  old  homestead 
•west  from  Clarkfork.  Her  parents  were  Thomas  and 
Nancy  Barren  and  she  came  to  Missouri  with  them 
-when  she  was  small.  There  she  met  and  married 
Mr.  Owen.  Ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  living, 
•were  born  to  them  :  Josiah,  a  geologist  for  the  Southern 
Pacific,  now  being  engaged  in  their  coal  fields;  T.  J., 
P.  W.,  Calvin,  Samuel,  and  Fred  W.,  all  in  Kootenai. 
T.  J.  belongs  to  the  Phi  Kappa  Psi  college  order. 


CALVIN  OWEN  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers 
to  pierce  the  wilds  around  Clarkfork,  and  since  the  time 
when  he  blazed  the  way  into  this  region  he  has  been 
constantly  in  active  labor  for  its  development  and  im- 
provement and  today  is  residing  on  his  mother's  farm, 
about  two  miles  west  from  Clarkfork. 

Calvin  Owen  was  born  in  Caldwell  county.  Mis- 
souri, on  April  i,  1863,  being  the  son  of  F.  M.  and 
Susanna  (Barren)  Owen,  natives  of  Indiana  and 
Kentucky  respectively.  They  settled  in  Missouri  in 
an  early  day,  remaining  there  for  fifty  years  and  in 
1882,  they  all  came  to  Kootenai  county.  Especial  men- 
tion of  them  further  is  made  in  this  volume.  Our  sub- 
ject was  allowed  but  a  meager  privilege  of  securing 
an  education,  but  what  opportunity  was  offered  was 
improved  in  a  proper  manner.  He  came  with  his 
parents  to  Kootenai  county,  having  lived  with  them 
previous  to  that  time.  He  took  a  homestead  adjoin- 
ing that  of  his  father  and  has  improved  it  in  good 


shape.  At  present  Mr.  Owen  is  dwelling  with  his 
mother  and  is  handling  her  farm.  He  also  pays  con- 
siderable attention  to  raising  stock  and  has  now  twenty 
head  besides  much  other  property  in  the  way  of  im- 
provements of  the  ranches.  Mr.  Owen  is  a  man  who 
receives  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  and  is  a  substan- 
tial citizen. 


ISAAC  N.  DEITRICK.  Although  the  subject 
of  this  article  has  not  been  so  long  settled  on  his  pres- 
ent place  as  some  in  the  vicinity  of  Hope,  he  is  still 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  county  for  he  settled  first 
on  unsurveyed  land  and  his  labors  have  ma 
added  to  the  wealth  of  the  county  and  have  i 
in  building  up  this  section. 

Isaac  N.  Deitrick  was  born  in  Hamilton  county, 
Iowa,  on  March  23,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Philip  and 
Martha  (Strom)  Deitrick.  natives  respectively  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Indiana.  They  were  married  in  the 
latter  state  and  moved  to  Iowa,  where  they  lived 
thirteen  years.  The  mother  died  there  in  1855  and 
in  1858  the  balance  of  the  family  went  back  to  Indiana, 
where  they  remained  until  1880,  in  which  year  the 
father  went  to  California,  dying  in  this  latter  state 
in  1895.  He  was  a  commercial  salesman.  Our  sub- 
ject received  his  education  in  Greencastle,  Indiana, 
and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  went  to  work  on  the  farm 
for  himself.  When  nineteen,  he  went  to  railroading 
and  that  life  occupied  him  for  many  years.  He  was 
on  the  Union  Pacific  for  sixteen  years,  then  spent  a 
short  time  in  California,  whence  he  came  to  Hope  and 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Northern  Pacific.  In  1900 
Mr.  Deitrick  located  some  unsurveyed  land  and  later 
bought  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land  where 
he  resides  at  present,  three  miles  west  from  Clarkfork. 
He  has  an  excellent  place  for  a  home  and  handles 
considerable  stock,  raising  about  fifty  tons  of  hay  each  j 
year  and  doing  general  farming. 

On  December  31,  1883,  Mr.  Deitrick  married  Miss 
Minnie,  daughter  of  L.  E.  and  Mary  (Millis)  Spoor, 
who  now  live  in  Cheyenne,  Wyoming.  The  father  is  , 
foreman  in  the  Union  Pacific  shops  and  has  been  for 
twenty  years.  One  child,  Rex  E.,  has  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Deitrick.  Our  subject  is  an  active  and  in- 
telligent Republican  and  always  manifests  an  interest 
in  local  affairs.  He  has  been  school  trustee  of  the 
Hope  district  for  six  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  . 
M.  W.  A.,  Clarkfork  Camp  No.  7617,  and  also  of  the 
O.  R.  C,  Missoula,  Montana.  Mrs.  Deitrick  is  a 
member  of  the  Congregational  church. 


STEPHEN  B.  HOWES.  Without  doubt  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  was  one  of  the  first  ones  to  come 
to  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Clarkfork,  and  since 
the  early  days  of  his  advent  here,  he  has  devoted  him- 
self to  worthy  labors  of  improvement  and  development 
and  is  now  one  of  the  substantial  men,  whose  standing 
among  his  fellows  is  of  the  best  and  who  has  the  good 
will  and  confidence  of  all. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Stephen  B.  Howes  was  born  in  Bourbon  count}-, 
Kentucky,  on  October  6,  1833,  being  the  son  of  Reu- 
ben and  Catherine  (McNerg)  Howes,  natives  respec- 
tively of  Maryland  and  Kentucky.  The  father  served 
as  a  despatch  boy  in  the  war  of  1812.  Then  he  moved 
to  Kentucky,  where  he  married  and  dwelt  for  many 
years.  The  mother  died  when  our  subject  was  young 
and  the  father  moved  to  Illinois  in  1844,  where  he  lived 
until  1868,  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  the  father 
of  twenty-four  children.  Our  subject  received  no 
schooling  only  that  which  his  studious  and  industri- 
ous nature  picked  out  for  himself.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  went  to  New  York,  thence  to  Cuba 
and  Central  America  and  in  1855  ne  landed  in  the 
golden  California.  He  crossed  the  plains  east  in  1857 
and  in  a  short  time  returned  to  California  and  in  1860 
he  went  to  Colorado,  where  he  mined  for  three  years. 
During  the  Civil  war  he  was  east,  but  soon  went  to 
Montana,  locating  in  Galatin  valley,  where  he  built 
the  first  house  in  the  valley.  This  was  in  1864  and  his 
residence  in  that  section  covers  a  period  of  twenty-one 
years.  In  1876  Mr.  Howes  went  to  the  Black  Hills 
via  Bismarck,  and  fought  Indians  all  the  way.  In  1885 
he  went  to  Thompson  Falls  and  resided  there  for  three 
years.  He  had  visited  Clarkfork  before  this  and  in 
1889  he  came  thither  and  settled,  securing  by  purchase, 
-title  to  three  hundred  acres  of  land.  He  sold  that 
property  and  now  lives  on  one  hundred  acres  of  land 
on  which  he  has  four  mining  claims,  three  miles  west 
from  Clarkfork,  where  he  does  a  general  farming  and 
gardening  business.  Mr.  Howes  has  mined  more  or 
less  all  his  life  and  is  one  of  the  most  skillful  men  in 
all  branches  of  this  industry  to  be  found  in  the  county. 
He  has  some  fine  properties  now  which  he  is  developing 
and  which  are  showing  excellent  values  in  gold  and 
copper. 

In  Montana,  in  1878,  Mr.  Howes  married  Mrs. 
Johan  Lutton,  who  died  in  Thompson  Falls  in  1889. 
She  had  one  son  by  her  former  marriage,  Walter  Lut- 
ton, now  living  in  Hope.  Mr.  Howes  is  liberal  in  po- 
litical matters.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church  and  is  one  of  the  upright  and  exemplary  men 
of  this  vicinity. 


ROBERT  MURRAY.  This  industrious  and  sub- 
stantial agriculturist  and  stock  man,  whose  home  is 
four  miles  east  from  Hope,  on  a  quarter  section  that 
he  secured  under  homestead  right,  has  labored  faith- 
fully and  well  in  this  section  and  is  deserving  of 
especial  mention  in  the  volume  that  gives  his  county's 
history. 

Robert  Murray  was  born  in  Castle  Douglas,  Scot- 
land, on  April  19,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Robert  and 
Mary  (Cowan)  Murray,  natives  of  Scotland,  where 
they  remained  until  their  death.  The  father  was  a 
school  teacher  and  civil  engineer.  He  taught  school  for 
forty  years  of  his  life,  thirty  being  spent  in  one  school. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  his  native  place 
and  in  1869  came  to  Canada,  whence  four  years  later 
he  went  to  Texas,  where  he  lived  nine  years.  In  1882 
he  came  to  California  and  eight  years  were  spent  in 


that  state.  The  next  move  was  to  Washington,  one 
year  being  spent  in  Seattle,  whence  he  came  to  Spo- 
kane and  shortly  to  Kootenai  county,  where  he  has 
labored  since.  He  soon  took  the  homestead  mentioned 
and  there  he  has  made  his  home.  Part  of  his  land  is 
excellent  timber  and  a  portion  is  meadow.  Mr.  Mur- 
ray handles  about  thirty  head  of  stock.  In  political 
matters  he  is  allied  with  the  Democrats  and  always 
takes  an  interest  in  county  affairs.  He  has  been  elected 
justice  of  the  peace,  but  refused  to  qualify,  preferring 
not  to  take  part  in  public  office.  Mr.  Murray  has 
seven  brothers  and  three  sisters:  James,  in  Canada; 
Adam  C.,  killed  in  the  Civil  war  while  serving  under 
General  Sigel,  who  wrote  the  father  the  sad  news 
when  the  son  fell  at  Fort  McGilvery ;  Mary  B.,  living 
with  our  subject;  John  B.,  in  Scotland;  Robert,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch ;  George  C..  William  B.,  Marion 
J.,  deceased ;  and  Richard,  in  Scotland ;  Agnes  C.,  and 
Mary  with  our  subject. 


ELISHA  A.  CRANDALL  is  one  of  the  solid, 
industrious,  intelligent,  prosperous,  and  prominent 
farmers  and  stockmen  in  the  vicinity  of  Hope,  his 
estate  being  three  miles  east  from  that  place,  where 
he  handles  a  number  of  fine  Shorthorn  and  Durham 
cattle,  having  also  some  Jersey  and  Ayrshire  stock, 
doing  a  dairying  business  in  addition  to  his  farming. 

Elisha  A.  Crandall  was  born  in  Baraboo,  Sauk 
county,  Wisconsin,  on  March  15,  1847,  being  the  son 
of  Dr.  Samuel  M.  and  Elizabeth  (East)  Crandall, 
natives  of  New  York  and  Louisiana,  respectively. 
They  located  in  Baraboo  in  1843  and  in  1850  went  to 
Mississippi,  where  the  father  died,  and  in  1855  the 
mother  returned  to  Baraboo,  where  she  died  in  1857. 
They  were  both  descended  from  Revolution  veterans. 
Our  subject  attended  the  common  schools  and  finished 
his  educational  training  in  a  collegiate  institute.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Twenty- 
third  Volunteer  Infantry  of  Wisconsin,  as  a  drummer, 
under  Captain  J.  Schlick  and  Colonel  J.  J.  Guppy. 
He  served  thirty  months  and  was  mustered  out  on 
March  25,  i866\  and  received  his  final  discharge  on 
April  9th,  following.  He  served  much  of  the  time  as 
scout  under  the  noted  Kit  Carson  and  participated 
in  the  following  battles :  Sabine  Cross  Roads,  Pleasant 
Hill,  Cain  River,  Marksville  Prairie,  Alexandria, 
Bayou  Teche,  Jackson  Louisiana,  advance  on  Spanish 
Fort,  Fort  Blakely,  besides  fifteen  or  more  skirmishes. 
He  made  a  fine  record  and  one  of  which  any  veteran 
might  be  proud.  Following  the  war  Mr. 'Crandall 
farmed  for  a  time  and  then  railroaded,  first  on  the 
Chicago  and  Northwestern  for  fifteen  years,  then  with 
the  Chicago  Great  Western  nearly  three  years,  re- 
signing the  latter  to  take  a  position  with  the  Northern 
Pacific,  locating  at  Hope,  Kootenai  county.  On 
August  25.  1888,  he  landed  here  and  his  family  came 
the  next  year.  In  1890  Mr.  Crandall  took  his  present 
home  place  and  has  labored  here  with  manifestation  of 
wisdom  and  industry  since  and  has  accumulated  a  fine 
holding..  He  has  a  fine  eleven-room  residence,  barns 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and   outbuildings  and   other  improvements   to   match 
and  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the  section. 

On  November  8. '1868,  Mr.  Crandall  married  Miss 
Emma  J.,  eldest  daughter  of  George  and  Harriet 
Capener,  of  Baraboo,  Wisconsin,  where  the  father  now 
lives,  the  mother  having  died  in  1865.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union :  Walter  M.,  Mabel 
G.,  and  Robert  £.,  all  at  home.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cran- 
dall adopted  a  son,  Daniel  H.,  now  living  in  Fort 
Atkinson,  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Crandall  is  a  solid  Republi- 
can and  has  served  both  as  justice  of  the  peace  and 
as  school  trustee  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  has  been  district  deputy  for 
six  years  and  also  has  been  delegate  to  the  grand 
lodge  for  the  years  1896,  1897,  and  1902.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Mrs.  Crandall  and  her 
eldest  son  are  members  of  the  Adventist  church.  She 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs.  Mr.  Crandall  is 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  community  and  has  al- 
ways been  on  the  side  of  progress  and  advancement. 


HARRY  L.  BALDWIN.  In  every  sense  of  the 
word  a  true  pioneer  of  northern  Idaho,  a  man  possess- 
ing the  stanch  qualities  of  character  and  worth  to 
qualify  him  for  the  arduous  and  trying  labors  on  the 
frontier,  the  subject  of  this  article  is  eminently  fitted 
for  representation  in  the  history  that  has  to  do  with 
the  county  of  Kootenai,  and  accordingly  we  grant  an 
epitome  of  his  life. 

Harry  L.  Baldwin  was  born  in  the  Rogue  river 
country,  Oregon,  on  November  7,  1866,  being  the 
son  of  James  T.  and  Mary  W.  Baldwin,  natives  of 
Maine  and  Ohio,  respectively.  They  came  across  the 
Isthmus  to  Oregon  in  early  days  and  located  in  the 
Rogue  river  country.  Mr.  Baldwin  stocked  the  first 
stage  in  operation  for  Isch  &  Haley  from  Umatilla 
Landing  to  Walla  Walla  and  then  went  to  California, 
where  he  remained  until  1881.  In  that  year  they  came 
overland  to  Sandpoint  and  the  father  started  a  stage 
line  from  that  place  to  Maher's  Camp,  Camp  Two, 
Cabinet  Landing,  and  Rock  Island.  He  died  in  1896. 
The  mother  still  lives  in  Sandpoint,  being  sixty-two 
years  of  age.  Harry  was  educated  in  San  Francisco, 
in  Sonoma  county,  Cloverdale,  and  in  San  Mateo 
county,  completing  his  training  in  this  line  in  the 
latter  place.  He  came  with  his  father  to  Sandpoint 
in  1881.  He  worked  for  J.  Wicks,  Dubois  &  King 
and  then  freighted  for  a  time.  Later  he  worked  for 
Quirk  &  McLaughlin,  handling  a  store  for  them  at 
Clarkfork  and  at  Cabinet  Landing.  In  1885  he  bought 
a  restaurant  and  after  two  years  in  that  he  built  a 
hotel,  conducting  it  until  1893,  when  he  secured  an- 
other, and  after  fitting  it  up  it  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
After  this  Mr.  Baldwin  contracted  timbers  and  that 
has  occupied  him  more  or  less  until  the  present.  In 
addition,  he  has  a  fine  farm  and  handles  stock  and  does 
a  general  farming  business.  Mr.  Baldwin  had  the  first 
mail  contract  into  Bonners  Ferry,  this  being  in  1890. 

On  July  i,  1889,  Mr.  Baldwin  married  Miss  Josie, 
daughter  of  L.  M.  and  Hannah  (Galloway)  Sallee, 


natives  of  Kentucky.  They  came  to  Oregon  across 
the  plains  in  early  days.  Later  they  removed  to  Cali- 
fornia, thence  to 'Washington,  and  then  to  Rathdrum, 
taking  up  there  the  saw  mill  business.  In  1892  Mr. 
Sallee  removed  again  to  Vancouver,  Washington, 
where  he  is  now.  Mrs.  Sallee  died  there  in  1901. 
Our  subject  and  his  wife  are  the  parents  of  one  child, 
Hattie  M. 

Mr.  Baldwin  is  a  Republican,  helped  to  organize 
the  first  Republican  convention  in  this  county,  was 
nominated  assessor  when  twenty  and  has  been  active 
in  politics  ever  since  and  he  is  an  influential  figure 
at  the  conventions.  He  has  been  road  overseer  and 
warden  of  the  county  and  in  1894  he  was  deputy 
United  States  Marshall  under  Charles  Sweeney.  Mr. 
Baldwin  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Evening  Star 
Lodge  No.  36,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  at  Postfalls. 

It  is  very  interesting  by  way  of  reminiscence  to 
note  a  hunting  and  fishing  trip  that  Mr.  Baldwin  con- 
ducted for  some  of  the  leading  men  of  the  country. 
This  was  in  1887.  Among  the  number  were  General 
Rodney  C.  Ward,  Brooklyn,  New  York;  Judge  Gil- 
derslee,  also  of  New  York;  Lieutenant  Abercrombie, 
United  States  Engineering  Corps ;  Colonel  Hester,  one 
of  the  owners  of  the  New  York  Eagle ;  Dr.  Hoglan, 
one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Royal  Baking  Powder; 
Dr.  Merriman,  past  physician  of  Spokane  Post  and 
others,  making  the  tota'l  number  twenty-two.  They 
wrote  to  Mr.  Baldwin  to  prepare  for  them  to  go 
hunting  and  fishing  and  they  made  up  a  purse  of  ten 
thousand  dollars  for  the  expenses  of  the  trip.  He 
wisely  laid  out  the  route,  selected  the  best  places,  and 
skillfully  conducted  them  for  more  than  two  months 
and  they  had  a  delightful  time,  killed  many  deer, 
cariboo,  and  other  large  game  besides  taking  great 
quantities  of  fish. 

'Mr.  Baldwin  is  proprietor  of  the  largest  and  best 
hotel  in  Sandpoint,  which  is  the  only  hotel  in  the  c 
heated  by  hot  air 


IRVEN  J.  BRANT.  An  esteemed  and  sturdy 
pioneer  of  Kootenai  county,  a  man  whose  labors  have 
materially  assisted  to  bring  to  the  front  various  s< 
tions  of  the  northwest  and  who  is  at  this  time  one  of 
the  substantial  residents  of  Hope,  it  is  fitting  that  the 
subject  of  this  article  be  accorded  space  in  the  annals 
of  his  county  history. 

Irven  J. 'Brant  was  born  in  Mason  county,  Illinois, 
on  March  12,  1861,  being  the  son  of  John  L.  and  Har- 
riett (Winchell)  Brant,  natives  of  Illinois.  They  came 
to  Iowa  in  1867  and  there  the  mother  died  in  1869. 
The  father  remained  there  until  1889,  then  went  to 
Kansas,  thence  to  Kootenai  county  in  1891,  where  he 
now  lives.  By  his  first  marriage  he  has  four  children 
and  the  same  number  by  his  second  marriage.  Our 
subject  received  his  education  in  his  native  place  and 
at  the  early  age  of  twelve  began  life's  activities  for 
himself.  He  worked  for  the  neighboring  farmers  for 
the  intervening  time  until  he  was  seventeen  and  served 
an  apprenticeship  as  a  carpenter.  In  1882  he  came 
west  to  California,  thence  to  Yaquinna  bay,  where 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  prospected  a  year  and  then  he  came  to  Washington. 
his  first  setlement  was  in  the  Methow  country  and  in 
1887  was  in  Kootenai  county  and  since  that  early- 
day  he  has  been  one  of  the  developers  and  builders  of 
this  region.  In  1888  Mr.  Brant  went  to  Ainsworth, 
British  Columbia,  and  located  the  Galliger  group  of 
mines.  He  took  the  first  pack  train  into  that  country, 
made  the  first  trails,  did  the  first  mining,  shipped 
the  first  ore  in  car  load  lots  and  was  one  of  the  real 
promoters  of  the  country.  He  is  a  man  whose  skill 
and  energy  gave  much  to  this  section  and  great  credit 
is  due  him  for  his  stirring  and  worthy  efforts. 
Mr.  Brandt  sold  these  properties  and  in  1897 
bought  two  hundred  and  sixty-four  acres  of  land. 
Later  he  sold  a  quarter  section  and  now  rents  the 
balance.  In  1901  Mr.  Brant  moved  to  Hope,  bought 
a  residence  and  since  that  date  has  made  his  home  here. 
He  is  engaged  in  mining  and  farming  and  also  handles 
some  stock. 

In  April,  1890,  Mr.  Brant  married  Lucy  B.,  daugh- 
of 


te 


of  Richard  and  Jestina  Fry,  especial  mention 
m  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 


Three  chil- 


whom 

dren  have  been  born  to  this  union,  two  of  whom  are 
living:  Jestenia,  Fitzhugh  Lee,  both  with  parents. 
Mr.  Brant  is  allied  with  the  Democratic  party  in  politi- 
cal matters  and  has  been  delegate  to  the  county  con- 
ventions many  times.  He  is  an  active  advocate  of 
good  schools  and  gave  of  his  time  to  serve  on  the 
board  for  many  years,  when  he  was  at  Bonners  Ferry. 
Mr.  Brant  is  a  'member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the  K. 
O.  T.  M.  in  Bonners  Ferry  and  of  the  F.  of  A.  in 
Hope,  while  his  wife  is  a  'member  of  the  Order  of 
Pendo. 

In  1890  Mr.  Brant  located  the  townsite  of  Bonners 
Ferry  and  had  it  surveyed  into  lots  before  there  was 
a  government  survey  in  that  section,  and  built  the  first 
frame  house  in  the  town. 


HARLAN  P.  MANNING,  one  of  the  prominent 
men  of  the  Hope  county,  was  born  on  October  22, 
1848,  in  Manchester,  New  Hampshire,  being  the  son 
of  Isaac  and  Ann  E.  (Dodge)  Manning,  natives  of 
New  Hampshire.  The  mother  died  in  1849  and  the 
father  in  1893.  He  was  a  prominent  man  in  his  state, 
and  in  addition  to  being  member  of  the  legislature  for 
several  terms,  he  held  nearly  every  office  In  his  town. 
Johnson,  New  Hampshire.  He  was  beloved  by  all 

tightness  and  probity.  Soon  after  his  birth  the  par- 
ents of  our  subject  took  him  to  Lamoille  county,  Ver- 
mont, where  he  received  his  primary  education.  When 
thirteen  he  went  to  North  Boston,  there  taking  a 
literary  course  and  later  finished  his  education  in  La- 
moille county.  When  seventeen  he  enlisted  in  the  Elev- 
enth Vermont  Artillery  under  Captain  Woodberry, 
being  in  the  Second  Brigade  and  Second  division  and 
the  Sixth  corps.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Winchester,  Cedar  Creek,  Fisher's  Hill,  Petersburg, 
Richmond,  Muddy  Creek  and  many  others.  He  served 
three  years  and  four  months,  being  mustered  out  at 


Burlington,  Vermont,  in  June.  1865.  In  the  battle 
of  Winchester  he  was  knocked  down  by  a  shell,  and  at 
Petersburg  he  received  a  bayonet  wound  in  the  neck. 
After  the  war  he  went  to  St.  Louis,  thence  to  Mc- 
Henry  county,  Illinois,  for  two  years  in  the  hotel  busi- 
ness and  later  we  see  him  in  Wisconsin  for  three  years. 
A  visit  to  Vermont  then  followed  and  the  next  occu- 
pation was  in  Iowa,  where  he  entered  the  civil  engi- 
neer corps  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  rail- 
road. He  was  with  this  company  for  eight  years,  and 
then  spent  four  years  in  the  same  capacity  with  the 
Northern  Pacific.  He  dealt  in  machinery  in  Minne- 
sota for  three  years,  and  in  1876  he  was  in  the  Black 
Hills  mining.  In  1882  he  left  that  country  and  con- 
tracted ties  in  Montana.  He  next  participated  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  excitement,  and  in  1885  he  came  to  his 
present  place  and  has  been  engaged  by  Small  &  Ellis 
in  mill  overseeing.  He  has  prospered  considerable  and 
located  the  North  Star  and  the  Queen,  noted  prop- 
erties. In  1897  he  bought  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
four  acres  of  land,  and  now  has  this  leased,  as  he 
devotes  most  of  his  time  to  mining,  having  some  fine 
properties. 

On  October  8,  1891,  Mr.  Manning  married  Mrs. 
Mary  Jackson,  widow  of  Ben  Jackson,  of  Plymouth, 
England.  Mrs.  Manning  has  one  son,  Harry,  by  her 
former  husband,  and  he  is  in  England.  Mr.  Manning- 
is  a  Republican  and  is  always  interested  and  active 
in  the  affairs  of  the  country.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
1.  O.  O.  F.  and  a  popular  and  influential  man. 


ALEXANDER  WICKS.  It  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  are  enabled  to  grant  to  the  estimable  gentleman 
whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph  consideration  in 
the  abiding  chronicles  of  Kootenai  county.  He  is  emi- 
nently fitted  for  this  place,  since  he  is  one  of  the 
ear-liest  pioneers  of  the  section  where  he  lives,  six 
miles  north  from  Hope,  since  he  has  done  a  lion's 
share  in  the  development  of  the  county,  and  since  he 
has  ever  maintained  an  unsullied  reputation,  demon- 
strating himself  to  be  possessed  of  excellent  executive 
force  in  the  accomplishment  of  his  business  enterprises 
and  of  sagacity  in  all  his  ways,  being  also  a  man  of 
integrity  and  sound  principles. 

Alexander  Wicks  was  born  in  Nora,  Sweden, 
where  he  received  a  good  education  from  the  common 
schools.  His  parents,  Alexander  and  Annie  (Ander- 
son) Wicks,  were  natives  of  Sweden,  and  the  mother 
still  lives  there,  the  father  dying  in  1884.  The  an- 
cestors of  our  subject  were  prominent  people  in  the 
great  thirty  years'  war  and  they  have  in  Sweden  many 
relics,  as  cups,  swords,  saddles,  and  other  munitions 
of  war,  which  they  gained  in  that  struggle.  At  the 
early  age  of  seventeen  our  subject  stepped  from  the 
parental  nest  into  the  world  on  his  own  responsibilities, 
and  after  some  labor  in  his  native  place  in  1876  he  came 
to  America.  He  worked  one  year  in  a  saw  mill  in 
Minneapolis,  then  in  the  woods  for  a  time  and  in 
1878  went  to  work  on  the  Canadian  Pacific.  In  1880 
he  came  to  Fargo  and  the  following  year  he  was  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Idaho.  He  assisted  to  clear  the  right-of-way  for  the 
Northern  Pacific  through  Kootenai  county,  and  then 
went  back  to  Missoula,  Montana,  where  he  operated 
in  the  woods.  On  July  6,  1884,  he  settled  on  his 
present  place,  the  land  then  being  unsurveyed.  Upon 
survey  he  was  found  to  be  on  railroad  land,  and  he 
bought  fifty  acres,  but  later  bought  one  hundred  and 
twenty  more.  He  has  one  hundred  acres  of  fine  hay 
land  and  handles  fifty  head  of  cattle.  He  has  a  fine 
place  and  his  thrift  and  wisdom  have  improved  it 
in  a  first  class  manner.  Mr.  Wicks  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  Charles,  in  this  county,  and 
mentioned  in  this  volume;  William,  living  in  Walton, 
Wisconsin;  John;  Helen;  Annie,  married  and  living 
in  Sweden.  Mr.  Wicks  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and 
always  labors  for  the  success  of  his  party,  being  in- 
telligent in  the  questions  of  the  day.  Mr.  Wicks  is  a 
member  of  the  Swedish  Brethren  in  Minneapolis.  He 
is  a  man  who  has  the  good  will  and  approbation  of 
all  who  know  him  and  stands  well  in  the  community. 


GEORGE  HOLTON.  Among  the  pioneers  of  the 
Sandpoint  region  the  subject  of  this  article  is  to  be 
mentioned  as  one  of  the  first,  being  a  man  of  those 
excellent  qualities  which  make  the  first  class  fron- 
tiersman. And  since  the  time  when  he  first  came  here 
he  has  steadily  engaged  in  those  worthy  labors  of 
improvement  and  development  of  the  new  country 
which  have  resulted  in  much  good,  both  in  what  they 
have  accomplished  and  in  which  they  have  stimulated 
others  to  action  also. 

George  Holton  was  born  in  Canada,  on  July  18, 
1850,  being  the  son  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Bu- 
chanan) Holton,  natives,  respectively,  of  England  and 
Pennsylvania.  The  mother  was  third  cousin  to  Presi- 
dent Buchanan.  In  1841  they  went  to  Essex  county, 
Canada,  and  in  1854  they  came  to  Michigan,  where 
the  mother  died  in  1898.  The  father  was  drowned 
during  a  water-spout  in  Texas  in  1888.  Our  subject 
came  with  his  parents  to  Michigan  in  1854,  and  there 
he  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools,  and 
when  thirteen  went  out  in  the  battle  of  life  for  him- 
self. He  gave  his  attention  to  farming,  and  in  1886 
came  to  California,  thence  to  Oregon,  and  on  May  3, 
1886,  he  came  to  Kootenai  county,  and  since  that  early 
day  he  has  been  a  constant  resident  here.  In  1888 
he  took  his  present  homestead,  three  miles  west  from 
Sandpoint  on  the  Pend  Oreille  river.  For  a  time 
he  dwelt  in  Sandpoint,  having  a  residence  there,  but 
in  1891  he  came  to  the  homestead  permanently.  He 
raised  the  first  peaches  in  this  entire  section,  demon- 
strating their  adaptability  to  the  latitude,  and  in  many 
other  lines  he  has  taken  the  lead.  He  has  comfortable 
improvements  on  the  homestead,  handles  some  stock, 
and  does  a  general  farming  business. 

In  1877  Mr.  Holton  married  Miss  Delia  A.,  daugh- 
ter of  C.  L.  and  Sarah  Horning,  natives  of  New  York, 
but  pioneers  to  Michigan  in  an  early  day,  where  the 
father  was  killed  in  1873,  but  the  mother  still  lives 


there.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Holton,  named  as  follows:  Jay,  in  Sandpoint; 
Minnie,  wife  of  Fred  Foster,  in  Sandpoint;  Mable, 
Georgia,  Nellie,  Edna  and  Katie,  all  with  parents.  Air. 
Holton  is  a  true  blue  Democrat,  and  active  in  the 
political  campaigns.  He  has  been  delegate  to  the 
county  conventions  almost  each  electoral  year,  and  was 
constable  in  1888.  He  is  fraternally  affiliated  with 
the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


CHARLES  G.  WICKS.  A  capable  and  well-to- 
do  man,  an  upright  and  public-minded  citizen  and  a 
farmer  whose  labors  have  demonstrated  him  to  be  both 
industrious  and  sagacious,  and  who  has  done  a  good 
part  in  developing  the  county  and  augmenting  its 
wealth,  it  is  fitting  that  the  subject  of  this  article 
should  be  accorded  space  in  the  volume  that  chronicles 
the  history  of  Kootenai  county. 

Charles  Wicks  was  born  in  Oskevek,  Sweden,  on 
December  21,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Erik  and  Anna 
(Anderson)  Larson,  natives  of  Sweden,  where  also 
the  father  died  in  1884,  but  the  mother  lives,  being 
wealthy.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  nativt  land, 
remained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  seventeen  and 
then  stepped  out  from  the  parental  roof  to  meet  the 
burdens  and  responsibilities  of  life  for  himself.  He 
worked  on  the  neighboring  farms  for  two  years,  and 
in  1888  came  to  America,  locating  in  Butte,'  Montana, 
where  he  chopped  cordwood  for  one  year.  In  1889 
he  came  to  Oden,  Kootenai  county,  and  made  ties  for 
one  summer,  doing  the  same  work  in  Trout  creek  coun- 
try, Montana,  for  one  year  after  that.  His  next  work 
was  on  the  construction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  be- 
tween Missoula  and  Wallace  one  year,  after  which 
he  returned  to  Oden  and  cut  poles  for  one  winter  and 
then  worked  on  the  Great  Northern  construction  for 
nearly  two  years,  in  1892  he  took  his  present  place 
as  a  homestead,  which  has  been  improved  with  good 
buildings  and  has  eighty  acres  of  fine  meadow  land. 
He  devotes  much  attention  to  raising  stock  and  does 

In  1898  Mr.  Wicks  married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Richard  and  Susannah  (Jackson)  Palmer,  natives 
of  England,  who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1870, 
and  now  live  in  Kootenai  county.  Three  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wicks  :  Cicel  W.,  Maud  and 
Ethel,  twins.  Mr.  Wicks  is  a  stanch  Republican  and 
takes  a  lively  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  country  and 
community.'  He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  of 
Sandpoint,  Lodge  No.  7191. 


ROBERT  M.  GOOBY.  About  one  mile  east  from 
Kootenai  we  find  the  home  of  Mr.  Gooby,  which  land 
he  purchased  from  the  railroad  company  and  has  im- 
proved in  a  comfortable  manner.  He  has  a  good 
house,  barn,  out  buildings,  orchard  and  other  improve- 
ments, and  does  general  farming.  Mr.  Gooby  is  a 
man  of  popularity  in  his  community,  and  has  been 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


for  three  successive  terms  elected  road  supervisor, 
being  at  the  present  writing  in  that  capacity.  He  is  ••! 
liberal  Democrat,  reserving-  for  his  own  judgment 
the  decision  of  men  and  principles  rather  than  tying 
himself  under  the  lash  of  any  party.  He  is  also  com- 
mitteeman  from  his  precinct. 

Robert  M.  Gooby  was  born  in  Littleport,  Cam- 
bridgeshire, England,  on  August  17,  1861,  being  the 
son  of  Robert  and  Mary  (Walker)  Gooby,  natives  of 
England,  where  the  mother  still  lives,  the  father  having 
died  there  in  1891.  He  was  the  owner  of  several  canal 
boats  on  the  Ouse  river.  Our  subject  was  educated 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  1881,  when  he 
came  to  America,  locating  first  in  Illinois,  whence  six 
months  later  he  went  to  Colorado.  We  see  him  next 
in  Iowa,  then  in  Dakota,  and  in  1885  he  came  west 
to  Washington,  thence  to  Oregon,  remaining  in  the 
last  named  place  until  1891.  In  that  year  Mr.  Gooby 
went  to  Waterville,  Washington,  remaining  until  1897, 
in  which  year  he  came  to  Kootenai  county,  where  for 
a  time  he  contracted  timber  work  and  then  purchased 
his  present  home  place,  and  here  he  has  devoted  his 
'.abors  since  that  date. 

On  January  7,  1888,  Mr.  Gooby  married  Miss 
Ellen,  daughter  of  William  and  Susannah  Smith,  na- 
tives of  Southshield,  England,  and  pioneers  to  America 
in  the  early  seventies.  The  father  is  dead,  but  the 
mother  still  lives.  Four  children  have  been  born  to 
this  household:  Mary  S.,  Robert  W.,  Clifford  and 
Bassil.  Mr.  Gooby  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
Sanclpoint,  No.  7191.  He  is  a  popular  and  highly 
esteemed  man  and  is  one  of  the  real  builders  of  this 
section  of  Kootenai  county. 


PETER  LINDSTROM.  This  industrious  and 
thrifty  citizen  is  now  following  the  calling  which  occu- 
pied his  ancestors  for  many  generations  back,  that  of 
tilling  the  soil.  He  has  added  the  industry  of  logging 
and  is  now  handling  a  fine  contract  of  three  million 
feet  of  timber  and  three  thousand  poles. 

Peter  Lindstrom  was  born  in  Gustrickland,  Swed- 
en, on  June  n,  1861,  being  the  son  of  John  Pearson 
and  Bretta  (Olson)  Lindstrom,  natives  also  af  Sweden, 
where  the  father  is  still  farming,  but  the  mother  has 
passed  to  the  world  beyond.  Our  subject  received  his 
education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  land  and  re- 
mained working  with  his  father  until  he  was  twenty- 
five,  when  he  rented  land  for  himself,  and  in  1891 
bade  farewell  to  home  scenes  and  loving  relatives  and 
friends  and  set  his  face  to  the  land  of  the  west.  He 
came  direct  to  Spokane,  and  spent  some  time  in  view- 
ing eastern  Washington  to  find  a  home  place  for  him- 
self. In  1892  he  decided  to  settle  on  his  present  place, 
four  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Sandpoint,  and  there 
he  has  bestowed  his  labors  with  wisdom  ever  since. 
He  is  a  man  of  energy,  skill  and  good  business  judg- 
ment, and  the  result  is  that  he  has  been  prospered,  and 
is  one  of  the  men  whose  labors  have  resulted  in  de- 
veloping the  country  in  a  becoming  manner.  His  farm 


veil  improved,  and  shows  the  marks  of  care  and 
it.     He  has  a  fine  large  house  built  in  1900  and 
some   fifteen   or  twenty  head  of  cattle  besides  other 
slock. 

While  still  in  Sweden,  in  1886,  Mr.  Lindstrom 
married  Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Peter  Anderson  and 
Anna  (Pearson)  Pearson,  natives  of  Sweden,  where 
they  remained  until  their  death.  Six  children  have 
blessed  this  happy  union,  namely:  Volfrecl,  Oscar, 
.Mark,  August,  Angus,  Iruns.  Mr.  Lindstrom  was 
elected  on  the  school  board  when  the  district  was 
>rganized,  and  has  constantly  served  since,  being  an 
irdent  supporter  of  good  schools. 


ORSON  WARNER,  a  man  of  stability  and  self- 
reliance,  who  has  made  the  way  of  life  in  a  successful 
manner  in  the  western  country,  is  now  one  of  the 
established  and  thrifty  farmers  one-half  mile  west  from 
Wrencoe.  He  was  born  in  Fillmore,  Millard  county, 
Utah,  on  May  15,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Orange  and 
Mary  L.  Tyler,  natives  of  New  York.  The  family 
came  to  Utah  in  1852  and  settled  in  Millard.  The 
father  died  there  in  1881  but  the  mother  is  still  living 
there.  Our  subject  received  a  common  schooling  and 
when  sixteen  went  to  mining.  He  has  in  almost  all 
of  his  labors  so  contracted  that  he  has  always  been 
working  for  himself.  In  1876  he  went  to  work  at 
Fort  Hallick,  Nevada.  Then  he  took  a  contract  of 
cutting  wood  at  Tibo,  and  later  went  to  Fillmore 
again.  He  did  timber  work,  bought  a  farm,  later  sold 
and  logged,  then  contracted  freighting  and  grading 
on  the  railroad,  after  which  he  went  ^to  Bull'ionville, 
Nevada,  and  did  timber  work  on  contract.  After  an- 
other visit  to  Fillmore  he  came  to  Wood  river,  in 
Idaho,  in  1885,  and  thence  on  to  Boise,  then  to  Min- 
eral and  for  a  year  he  prospected  in  the  Seven  Devils 
country.  It  was  in  April,  1892,  that  Mr.  Warner 
came  to  Wrencoe,  building  the  first  cabin  in  the  town 
and  taking  a  homestead.  He  has  some  land  under 
cultivation,  and  does  a  great  deal  of  timber  work. 
He  is  making  a  fine  farm,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous 
men  of  the  section.  He  had  been  two  years  in  Koot- 
enai county  previous  to  this  time  and  had  taken  tie 
and  timber  contracts.  Mr.  Warner  has  three  brothers 
and  three  sisters:  Cyrus  A.,  Emily  M..  Rhoda  F., 
Jeddiah  G.,  Levi  M.,  and  Eliza  A.  'Mr.  Warner  is  a 
Democrat  in  political  views,  and  is  active  in  the  cam- 
paigns. He  was  elected  to  the  office  of  justice  of 
the  peace  but  refused  to  qualify. 


ANDREW  LEAF.  A  pleasant  and  genial  gen- 
tleman with  a  decided  turn  lor  business,  who  has  won 
and  retains  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his  fellows, 
and  who  is  faithfully  following  the  noble  work  of  de- 
veloping the  country,  being  now  a  resident  on  his 
estate  of  two  hundred  acres,  four  miles  west  from 
Sandpoint,  the  subject  of  this  article  is  one  of  the 


936 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


men  whose  career  should  be  published  in  the  county 
history. 

Andrew  Leaf  was  born  in  Gustuckland,  Sweden,  on 
December  27,  i8=;5,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and 
Christena  (Anderson)  Leaf,  natives  also  of  Sweden, 
where  the  father  died,  but  the  mother  still  lives,  aged 
eighty-seven.  The  father  of  our  subject  was  a  ship 
carpenter  in  his  young  days,  and  his  father  was  an 
officer  in  the  Swedish  army  for  twenty-five  years. 
Our  subject  was  liberally  educated  in  his  native  land, 
being  a  graduate  of  one  of  the  leading  colleges.  His 
commencement  day  was  in  1877,  and  then  he  took  a 
position  as  bookkeeper  in  a  commercial  establishment. 
He  also  acted  as  salesman  and  later  farmed  his  father's 
estate  for  five  years.  Then  he  did  carpenter  work  for 
five  years,  and  the  last  employment  in  the  old  country 
was  piloting  on  a  steamboat.'  In  July,  1891,  he  came 
direct  to  Spokane,  and  soon  thereafter  came  to  the 
vicinity  of  his  present  home.  He  settled  on  unsur- 
veyed  land,  and  when  the  survey  came  it  proved  to 
be  railroad  land,  and  Mr.  Leaf  removed  to  the  next 
section,  where  he  resides  now.  He  purchased  forty 
acres  from  the  railroad  company,  and  devotes  himself 
to  general  farming  and  raising  stock.  He  has  a  com- 
fortable home  and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  his 

On  April  28.  1880,  in  Sweden,  Mr.  Leaf  married 
Miss  Catherina,  daughter  of  Lars  and  Annie  (Olson) 
Larson,  natives  of  Sweden,  where  the  father  died  in 
1874.  but  the  mother  still  lives.  Four  children  were 
born  to  the  happy  union,  namely :  Andrew  R.,  Jennie 
C.,  Conrad  L.  and  Annie  C.  Mr.  Leaf  is  a  stanch 
Republican,  and  is  able  to  put  forth  intelligently  the 
tenets  of  his  party.  He  is  active  in  county  matters 
and  is  frequently  "on  the  school  board. 


CAREY  CARR.  The  subject  of  this  review  is 
descended  from  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  United 
States,  his  ancestors  coming  hither  nearly  three  hun- 
dred years  ago.  They  settled  on  what  was  known  as 
the  Vanransler  tract  of  land,  securing  a  lease  which 
said  they  were  to  have  possession  of  the  land  as  long 
as  water  runs  and  grass  grows  and  they  paid  a  certain 
rental  of  grain.  The  parents  of  Mr.  Carr,  Peleg  and 
Jane  E.  (Genung)  Carr,  met  in  Ohio  and  there  were 
married,  later  moving  to  Wisconsin,  which  was  still 
a  territory.  In  1846  they  located  in  Jefferson  county, 
whence  ten  years  later  they  went  to  Satik  county,  and 
there  remained  until  their  death.  Our  subject  was 
born  on  November  15,  1857,  in  Ironton,  Sauk  county, 
Wisconsin.  There  he  received  an  education  from  the 
public  schools  and  remained  with  his  parents  until  he 
was  twenty-one.  His  next  venture  was  to  work  on 
a  farm  and  make  cheese  for  eight,  years,  then  he  went 
to  Chicago  and  entered  the  works  of  an  electric  com- 
pany. Six  months  later  he  started  in  the  coal,  wood 
and  feed  business,  continuing  for  one  year.  I"  1888 
Mr.  Carr  came  to  Douglas  county,  Washington,  and 
after  four  and  one-half  years  in  that  locality  made  his 


way  to  his  present  abode,  seven  miles  west  from  Sand- 
point.  He  settled  on  unsurveyed  land,  and  is  making 
a  good  farm  and  improving  it  in  a  becoming  manner. 
He  does  a  general  farming  business  and  raises  some 
stock. 

In  1887  Mr.  Carr  married  Miss  Adaline  A.,  daugh- 
ter of  Roswell  and  Anna  (Bennett)  Ne'ff.  natives, 
respectively,  of  Pennsylvania  and  France.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union,  Ada  E.  and  Ben- 
jamin C.  Mr.  Carr  always  takes  an  active  interest 
in  the  affairs  of  the  county,  and  in  educational  matters 
has  given  of  his  time  on  the  board  of  trustees,  being 
an  advocate  of  good  schools. 


CHARLES  SMITH.  In  promoting  large  enter- 
prises in  the  west  and  successfully  carrying  them  out, 
Mr.  Smith  has  certainly  shown  remarkable  talent  and 
enterprise.  As  a  substantial  man,  a  thrifty  farmer,  a 
public-minded  citizen  and  a  stanch,  upright  man,  he 
stands  well  in  the  community. 

Charles   Smith  was  born  in   Brunswick,   Chariton 

nty,  Missouri,  on     une  10    18 
Joh 


, 

unty,  Missouri,  on  June  10,  1856,  being  the  son  of 
hn  and  Mary  Smith.  The  father  was  an  officer  in 
Company  H,  First  Missouri  Cavalry,  in  the  Federal 
army,  and  among  the  many  battles  in  which  he  partici- 
pated we  may  mention  Shiloh,  Pittsburg  Landing,  Bull 
Run,  Gettysburg,  Spottsylvania,  and  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  besides  many  skirniishes.  Being  so  crippled  with 
rheumatism  after  a  terribly  trying  and  hard  service, 
he  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  and  came 
home  only  to  find  the  bushwhackers  destroying  every- 
thing. One  night  they  surrounded  the  house  and  as 
he  arose  to  -get  his  gun  a  shot  crashed  through!  the 
door  and  seriously  wounded  his  brother,  who  was 
sleeping  with  our  "subject.  Those  were  trying  times 
and  hard  to  endure.  The  family  suffered  terribly  and 
lost  nearly  all  they  had.  The  father  never  recovered 
from  his  s'ickness  and  finally  died  a  few  years  later.  Our 
subject  took  a  trip  when  a  young  man  to  Arkansas 
and  Texas  and  then  back  to  Missouri.  In  1879  he 
went  to  Leadville  and  there  freighted  and  mined,  being 
very  successful.  In  1880  he  fitted  up  eighteen  wagons 
with  eight  mules  to  each  one  and  went  to  the  Black 
Hills  to  freight  and  did  exceptionally  well,  being 
skilled  in  handling  heavy  mining  machinery.  In  1881 
he  built  an  irrigating  canal,  five  miles  north  of  Fort 
Collins,  Colorado,  known  as  the  Pooder  Valley  High 
Land  Canal.  It  was  forty-five  miles  in  length  and  opens 
up  a  vast  agricultural  territory.  In  1882  he  trans- 
ported his  outfit  to  southern  Idaho  and  contracted  on 
the  Oregon  Short  Line.  In  1884  he  came  to  Rath- 
drum  and  fitted  up  his  mules  to  pack  and  operated  the 
largest  train  into  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  having 
eighty-three  head  of  stock.  He  handled  all  the  freight 
of  the  Eckard  &  Wardner  Company  and  did  general 
packing  to  Eagle  City  and  Murray.  In  the  spring  of 
1885  he  went  to  Spokane  and  contracted  to  move  six 
hundred  tons  of  freight  from  Spokane  to  the  Little 
Dalles,  on  the  Columbia  river,  a  distance  of  one  bun- 


CHARLES  SMITH. 


FRANK  DAHLGREN. 


JAMES  P.  CASEY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


937 


dred  and  fifty-six  miles.  Then  he  took  a  contract  of 
cutting  and  baling  several  hundred  tons  of  hay  for  the 
government  at  Old  Mission.  Afterwards  he  took 
another  contract  of  cutting  and  baling  hay  for  the  gov- 
ernment. In  1887  he  went  to  farming  and  opened  a 
livery  stable  and  in  1890  Mr.  Smith  came  to  the  reser- 
vation and  prospected.  He  located  a  valuable  claim 
which,  however,  he  did  not  develop  much  until  1899; 
it  is  known  as  the  Hidden  Treasure,  and  Mr.  Smith 
owns  the  controlling  interest  of  stock.  In  1891  Mr. 
Smith  located  his  present  place,  one  mile  below  Lane, 
on  the  south  side  of  the  river.  He  does  general  farm- 
ing and  handles  cattle,  being  prospered  in  all  his 


FRANK  DAHLGREN.  This  enterprising  and 
industrious  .young  man  has  wrought  faithfully  and 
skillfully  in  an  active  and  stirring  career,  wherein  he 
has  gained  a  suitable  success  to  the  excellent  vigor 
and  sagacity  displayed.  He  was  born  in  Erbrue  Lane, 
Sweden,  on  November  15,  1860,  being  the  son  of 
Charles  and  Greta  (Carlson)  Dahlgren,  natives  of 
Sweden,  where  the  mother  resides  now,  but  the  father 
died  in  1895.  Frank  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  quit  school 
and  went  to  learn  the  art  of  the  puddler  in  the  iron 
works,  confining  his  efforts  to  the  puddling  mill.  He 
labored  at  this  until  he  was  twenty  and  then  came  to 
America,  landing  here  in  1881.  He  at  once  went  to 
work  at  his  trade  in  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  and  one  and 
one-half  years  later  came  to  Pittsburg,  then  to  Mc- 
Keesport,  in  each  of  which  places  he  wrought  in  the 
iron  works.  Next  we  see  him  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
where  he  spent  one  year  in  the  coal  mines.  Then  he 
visited  Boulder  and  Denver,  Colorado:  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah;  Anaconda  and  Butte',  Montana,  then  in 
1890  he  came  to  Spokane.  He  labored  there  and  also 
prospected  on  the  Colville  reservation,  then  went  to 
the  Palouse  country,  later  to  Kalispell,  iVIontana.  and 
finally  came  in  1893  to  his  present  location  one  mile 
northeast  from  Ramsey  in  Kootenai  county.  He 
took  a  homestead  and  bought  another  quarter  from 
the  railroad  and  built  a  house  and  barn  and  did  other 
improving.  He  has  about  fifty  acres  under  cultiva- 
tion at  this  time,  and  has  made  many  improvements 
so  that  his  place  has  enhanced  much  in  value. 

In  political  matters  Mr.  Dalhgren  takes  an  active 
and  intelligent  part,  supporting  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  party.  He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  O.  A., 
Court  No.  14.  Rathdrum.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Swedish  Lutheran  church,  and  in  every  way  is  an 
exemplary  citizen  and  an  upright  man. 


JAMES  P.  CASEY.  Few  men  have  the  skill  to 
handle  successfully  as  many  industries  as  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  carries  on,  achieving  a  good  success  in 
them,  while  also  he  is  a  man  of  good  "standing  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  county  of  Kootenai. 

James  P.  Casey  was  born  in  Wauk'esha.  Wiscon- 
sin, on  March  19,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Daniel  and 


Johanna  (Carroll)  Casey,  natives  of  Ireland,  who 
came  to  America  in  1840.  They  settled  in  Waukesha 
and  there  the  mother  died  in  1872,  but  the  father  still 
lives  on  the  home  place.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place  and  was  reared 
on  the  farm.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to 
work  for  wages  and  in  1884  he  came  to  Fairfiekl, 
Washington.  He  worked  there  for  wages  some  and 
I  hen  rented  a  farm  for  four  years.  Next  we  see  him 
in  Kootenai  county,  and  he  took  a  homestead  where 
he  now  lives,  nine  miles  north  from  Coeur  d'Alene. 
He  has  improved  it  in  good  shape  and  made  it  a  fine 


.       In  additio 
stock,  Mr.  Casey  handles' 


gen 
' 


nd  rais 
m  threshing 


,        .  - 

fit.    Also  he  has  a  steam  hay  bailer.  In  1899  he  bought 
steam  sawmill  which  he  operates  at  Heyden  lake. 
s  he  carries  on  in  a  successful 
nd  has  manifested  great  skill 


and   industry   in    his 


All  of  these  enterp 

and  becoming  manner 

and   ability   as   well   as   energy 

career. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Casey  occurred  in  1897  and 
the  lady  becoming  his  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of 
Edwin  and  Jessie  (Reid)  Crockett.  The  father  was 
a  native  of  Maine  and  the  mother  of  Scotland.  She 
came  to  America  when  young  and  they  were  married 
in  Ohio,  where  they  lived  for  twenty  years  and  then 
removed  to  Missouri.  Ten  years  in  that  state  and  we 
find  them  in  1890  locating  at  Heyden  lake  in  this 
county.  Recently  they  removed  to  Hoodoo  valley 
and  there  they  reside  at  this  time.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Casey  there  have  been  born  three  children,  James  C, 
Hilda  A.  and  Mary.  Mr.  Casey  was  called  by  the 
franchises  of  his  fellows  to  the  position  of  justice  of  the 
peace  in  1898  which  office  he  filled  acceptably  for  one 
.erm,  two  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
:hurch  and  is  a  consistent  supporter  of  the  faith. 


JOHN  W.  RILEY  is  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  the  northern  Kootenai  country,  and  is  at  the  present 
time  operating  his  farm,  one  mile  west  from  Laclede, 
being  one  of  the  substantial  and  highly  respected  men 
of  this  section. 

John  W.  Riley  was  born  in  the  Willamette  valley 
on  January  4.  1857,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  P,.  and 
Caroline  (Brewer)  Riley,  natives  of  Georgia,  but  im- 
migrants across  the  plains  to  western  Oregon  in  1856. 
Shortly  afterward  they  went  to  Thurston  county, 
Washington,  where  the  mother  died  in  1863.  The 
father  moved  to  Colton,  Whitman  county,  where  he 
died  in  1890.  Our  subject  received  a  common  school- 
ing and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  started  out  in  life  for 
himself.  He  had  been  raised  by  his  uncle  after  his 
sixth  year,  the  time  when  his  mother  died.  His  first 
venture  on  the  sea  of  business  was  work  in  a  saw  mill 
for  a  year.  Then  he  farmed  for  the  summer  and  went 
to  the  woods  for  the  winter,  where  he  contracted  ty- 
phoid fever  and  spent  his  earnings  in  recovery.  In 
1876  he  went  to  Portland  to  celebrate  the  fourth  of 
July,  and  thence  he  came  to  Lewiston  to  see  his  father, 
•horn  he  had  not  visited  for  ten  years.  He  went  to 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


work  on  a  fruit  farm  for  a  year  and  then  with  his 
father  he  bought  horses  and  for  twelve  years  he  rode 
the  range.  Selling  out  he  went  with  a  partner  to 
Kootenai  valley  but  stopped  in  Colville.  This  was 
in  1886,  and  being  taken  with  the  ague  he  went  to 
Medical  lake  to  recruit.  Thence  to  Seneaquoteen  for 
one  winter,  and  in  the  spring  he  went  with  the  first 
pack  train  to  Priest  Lake,  but  as  one  man  died  they 
brought  him  back  to  Sandpoint.  He  prospected  an- 
other season  and  then  took  his  present  homestead, 
which  has  been  his  home  since.  In  addition  to  doing 
general  farming  he  operates  the  mail  from  Laclede  to 
Valley,  having  a  four-year  contract. 

In  1889  Mr.  Riley 'married  Mrs.  Mary  Schneider, 
whose  parents  were  natives  of  Switzerland,  and  came 
to  Wisconsin  in  1860.  By  her  former  husband,  Mrs. 
Riley  had  one  child,  Delia  B.  By  the  second  mar- 
riage there  has  been  one  son  born,  Joseph  H.  Mr. 
Riley  is  a  solid  Democrat,  and  takes  an  active  part  in 
politics,  as  each  citizen  should.  He  was  elected  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  in  1898,  but  refused  to  qualify.  He 
has  frequently  been  school  trustee.  At  the  time"  of  the 
Nez  Perces  war  Mr.  Riley  was  a  bridge  builder  with 
General  Howard,  and  for  the  entire  service  he  received 
three  dollars  per  day.  Mr.  Riley  is  a  man  of  relia- 
bility and  has  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  all. 


RUFUS  H.  GRAVES.  This  venerable  and  highly 
respected  gentleman  has  been  a  pioneer  in  various 
sections  and  has  labored  faithfully  here  for  a  long 
time  for  the  substantial  development  and  material 
progress  of  the  country.  At  present  he  is  living  in 
Laclede  and  owns  a  farm  of  forty  acres  near  by,  which 
he  handles,  while  also  he  has  various  other  property. 

Rufus  H.  Graves  was  born  in  Hartford,  Licking 
county,  Ohio,  on  March  8,  1821,  being  the  son  of 
Claudias  and  Electia  (Rose)  Graves,  natives  of  Massa- 
chusetts, but  immigrants  to  Ohio,  in  1790,  where  they 
lived  for  forty-seven  years.  The  father  was  born  in 
1788  and  served  in  the  war  of  1812.  His  father  served 
in  the  Revolution  as  a  teamster.  Our  subject  received 
his  educational  training  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
the  age  of  twenty-seven  went  to  traveling  to  various 
sections  of  the  country ;  he  also  did  considerable  raft- 
ing. Then  he  farmed,  and  in  1851  he  moved  to  Wis- 
consin, where  he  bought  a  sugar  maple  farm  and  did 
well  on  that  for  all  the  intervening  years  until  1885, 
when  he  sold  and  came  to  Kootenai  county.  He  used 
to  make  many  hundreds  of  pounds  of  maple  sugar  and 
much  syrup.  In  Kootenai  county  he  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  raising  stock  and  hay  and  did  well  until  1901, 
when  he  sold  his  place  and  returned  to  Wisconsin, 
where  he  visited  for  one  year  and  then  came  back  to 
the  west  and  bought  his  present  place,  which  he  han- 
dles now,  dwelling  in  town. 

In  September,  1850,  Mr.  Graves  married  Miss 
Hester  A.,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Jane  Knoll,  natives 
of  New  York  and  Canada,  respectively.  Seven  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  happy  union,  four  of  whom 


are  living,  named  as  follows :  Henry,  married  and 
living  in  Laclede;  Effie,  wife  of  John  Campfield:  Hat- 
tie  and  Nettie,  twins,  the  former  married  to  Lawrence 
Lutz,  and  the  latter  to  Edward  Lutz,  both  living  in 
Appleton,  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Graves  is  an  active  Re- 
publican, and  always  is  influential  in  the  campaigns. 
He  is  a  man  who  has  won,  in  his  long  residence  here, 
the  unbounded  esteem  and  good  will  of  all  who  may 
have  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance,  and  he  and  his 
gracious  life  partner  are  now  passing  the  golden  years 
of  their  well  spent  life  in  the  quiet  enjoyment  of  the 
good  things  which  their  faithful  labors  have  provided. 


ANDREW  CHRISTENSON.  The  town  of  La- 
clede owes  its  existence  to  the  indefatigable  and  in- 
telligent labors  of  the  subject  of  this  article,  and  he  is 
eminently  fitted  for  representation  in  this  volume. 

Andrew  Christenson  was  born  on  the  Island  i 
Lolland,  Denmark,  on  March  i,  1862,  being  the  son  of 
Hans  and  Johanna  (Erikson)  Christenson,  natives  of 
Denmark,  where  they  remained  until  the  time  of  their 
death.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  children:  An- 
drew, our  subject:  Martin,  in  Kansas;  Hilda  Jorgen- 
sen,  in  Denmark;  Christian,  in  Denmark;  Thorvald, 
on  the  old  homestead  in  Denmark.  Andrew  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  until  fourteen  and  then 
worked  for  his  parents  until  he  was  eighteen,  and 
then,  it  being  1880,  he  came  to  the  United  States.  He 
railroaded  for  two  years,  then  worked  in  a  st< 
lor  six  years  and  in  1888  came  west,  and  after  a  vi 
to  the  Sound  came  to  Kootenai  county  and  located 
where  Seneaquoteen  was  afterward  established.  He 
started  a  store  in  1891  and  was  postmaster.  Foi 
eleven  years  he  continued  there  and  then  sold  out  and 
bought  his  present  place,  one-half  mile  south  from 
Laclede.  Through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Christenson  the 
station  was  at  last  established,  and  he  started  a  saw 
mill,  which  was  sold  two  years  later  to  J.  M.  Bunker, 
and  a  year  or  so  afterward  a  stock  company  was 
formed,  and  Mr.  Christenson  took  a  large  interest  in 
it.  During  1902  he  was  manager  of  the  mill,  and  also 
the  large  store  which  the  company  handles  in  connec- 
tion with  the  plant.  They  also  have  a  large  shingle 
mill  and  are  capitalized  for  one  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars. They  are  doing  a  good  business  and  are  known 
as  the  Laclede  Lumber  Company.  Mr.  Christens 
has  a  fine  residence  on  his  land,  which  numbers  nearly 
two  hundred  acres,  and  sixty  acres  are  handled  to 
meadow.  In  addition  to  the'ir  lumber,  shingle,  and 
mercantile  business  they  deal  in  poles,  piling  and  all 
cedar  products,  owning  their  own  switch  and  all  con- 
veniences for  the  carrying  on  of  their  extensive  busi- 

In  1885  Mr.  Christenson  married  Miss  Mary, 
(laughter  of  Peter  and  Anna  Elizabeth  Peterson,  r 
lives  of  Denmark,  who  came  to  America  in  1866.  They 
located  at  Alden,  Minnesota,  and  farmed  until  1882, 
when  the  father  died ;  the  mother  still  lives  on  the  old 
homestead  with  her  youngest  son.  Seven  childre 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Christenson:  Hilda, 
Peter,  Andrew,  Anna,  Olga,  Robert  A.,  and  Victor. 
Mr.  Christenson  is  a  Republican  and  a  strong  supporter 
of  those  salutary  principles.  In  1896  he  was  nomi- 
nated against  the  fusionist,  A.  N.  Tucker,  for  county 
commissioner,  but  was  defeated  as  were  the  other 
candidates  for  office  on  his  ticket.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  and  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  orders.  He 
and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Danish  Lutheran  church. 


REUBEN  J.  SAGE.  The  occupations  of  farm- 
ing, stockraising  and  logging,  have  busied  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  for  the  years  in  which  he  has  resided 
in  Kootenai  county  and  he  is  considered  one  of  the 
leading  and  successful  men  of  the  community. 

Reuben  J.  Sage  was  born  in  Grand  Haven,  Michi- 
gan, on  September  5,  1863,  being  the  son  of  James  and 
Lydia  (Budd)  Sage,  natives  of  Michigan.  The  father 
was  a  lumberman  and  did  business  there  until  1877, 
when  he  came  to  Conconully,  Washington,  and  he  died 
in  1899,  July  14.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his 
native  place  and  at  the  age  of  ten  started  out  in  life 
for  himself.  He  learned  the  bakery  business,  continu- 
ing in  it  for  three  years  in  Marinette,  Wisconsin.  At 
thirteen  he  went  to  Matinique,  Michigan,  and  there 
learned  the  blacksmith  trade.  After  eighteen  months 
at  it  he  quit  and  went  to  the  woods.  He  ran  a  camp 
for  a  Minneapolis  house  for  four  years  out  of  Ash- 
land, Wisconsin,  and  in  1892  he  came  to  Kootenai 
county.  After  due  search,  he  settled  his  present  home- 
stead, about  two  miles  east  from  Laclede.  He  settled 

orchard,  good  buildings  and  handles  considerable  stock. 
During  the  winter  months  Mr.  Sage  does  much  logg- 
ing, having  a  fine  outfit  and  being  a  skillful  hand  in 
this  capacity.  He  puts  up  about  sixty  tons  of  hay  each 
year  and  also  raises  considerable  general  farm  pro- 
duce. 

In  Michigan,  on  March  12,  1883,  Mr.  Sage  mar- 
ried Miss  Minnie,  daughter  of  Cuthbert  and  Catherine 
(Monroe)  Cournyer,  natives  of  Canada.  They  came 
to  Michigan  in  1865,  where  Mrs.  Sage  was  born  Aug- 
ust 26,  1867,  and  there  the  father  died  in  1901  and  the 
mother  in  1892.  Six  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Sage:  Nora  C,  Cuthbert  J.,  Ruby  M..  James 
H.,  Lony  J.,  and  Grace.  Mr.  Sage  is  liberal  in  poli- 
tics, is  an  independent  thinker  and  always  takes  an 
active  part  in  the  campaigns  in  the  county.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Catholic  church  and  are 
devout  in  their  faith. 


THOMAS  S.  CAMPBELL.  While  the  subject 
of  this  article  is  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  of 
northern  Kootenai  county,  his  land  is  so  situated  that 
he  has  the  privilege  of  living  in  the  town  of  Laclede, 
where  the  family  residence  is  at  present.  He  was  born 
in  Poysippi,  Wisconsin,  on  January  6,  1866,  being  the 
son  of  Thomas  and  Kate  (Wilson)  Campbell,  natives 


of  Ireland  and  England.  They  came  to  America  in 
1852,  locating  in  Wisconsin  where  they  lived  for 
thirty-four  years,  then  removed  to  Sprague,  Washing- 
ton, where  they  now  reside,  the  father  eighty  and  the 
mother  seventy.  They  raised  twelve  children:  Ellen, 
wife  of  O.  P.  Shepherd,  in  Hartline,  Washington; 
Kate  S.  Hess,  in  Laclede;  Mary  Graves,  also  in  La- 
clede; Luke,  in  Sprague;  Jim,  married  and  living  at 
Wrencoe;  Jane  Summers,  in  Poysippi;  Thomas  S., 
our  subject;  William,  in  Sprague;  trank,  in  Laclede; 
Robert,  in  Sprague  and  two  that  died  in  infancy.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  when 
sixteen  started  for  himself.  In  1886  he  came  to 
Sprague  and  soon  bought  a  dairy,  where  he  did  busi- 
ness for  fifteen  months.  Then  he  worked  in  the  rail- 
road shops  in  Sprague  and  in  August,  1890,  he  came 
to  Kootenai  county.  He  took  a  homestead  and  bought 
thirty-four  acres  of  railroad  land.  In  1900  Mr.  Camp- 
bell sold  twenty-five  acres  to  Andrew  Christenson  for 
a  mill  site.  Mr.  Campbell  has  fifty  acres  cultivated, 
puts  up  considerable  hay  and  handles'  some  stock. 

In  1892  Mr.  Campbell  married  Miss  Edith,  daugh- 
ter of  Francis  and  Elmina  (Biggers)  Markham.  na- 
tives of  Illinois  and  Missouri,  whence  they  came  to 
Oregon  when  young  and  there  met  and  married.  After 
many  years  of  residence  there  they  came  to  Kootenai 
county,  where  they  still  live.  Five  children  have  been 
born  'to  Mr.  and"  Mrs.  Campbell :  Mina  K.,  Henry, 
died  May  16,  1898 ;  Francis  A. ;  James  J. ;  Oscar,  died 
September  16,  1902.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Camp- 
bell is  an  active  Democrat  and  was  the  starter  of  the 
petition  that  gave  them  their  present  school  district, 
in  which  he  has  been  trustee  since.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  of  P.,  Red  Cross  Lodge,  Spokane.  Mr. 
Campbell  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  respected  men 
of  this  section  and  stands  well  with  all. 


ADOLPH  MILLER.  Because  of  the  labors  of 
such  men  as  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  Kootenai  county 
is  becoming  one  of  the  well  settled  and  thriving  coun- 
ties of  the  state  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  able 
to  record  these  faithful  labors. 

Adolph  Miller  was  born  in  Baden,  Germanx-.  on 
February  29,  1868,  being  the  son  of  Rudolph  and 
Elizabeth  (Shoepflen)  Miller,  natives  of  Switzerland 
and  Baden,  respectively.  The  father  migrated  to  Ba- 
den and  there  married  and  settled  down  to  farming 
until  1877,  when  he  died.  The  mother  came  to  America 
and  died  in  1887,  in  New  York.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  in  his  native  place  and  in 
1883  came  to  Erie  county,  New  York,  with  his  mother. 
He  worked  on  farms  until  he  was  of  age  and  then,  in 
1887,  came  to  Sprague,  Washington.  He  wrought 
on  a  dairy  farm  for  one  year  and  then  drove  a  herd 
of  cattle  to  Kootenai  county.  Then  he  repaired  to 
Portland  and  for  three  years  he  wrought  at  bridge 
work.  Two  years  following  this  he  worked  in  a 
brick  yard,  at  "this  time  he  bought  fifty  acres  of  land 
near  New  Era,  Oregon,  but  later  sold  it.  In  1897  he 
came  to  his  present  place,  about  one  mile  east  from 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Wrencoe,  across  the  river.  He  took  a  quarter  section 
of  government  land,  improved  it  with  buildings,  as 
cabin,  barn,  and  so  forth  and  settled  down  to  farming 
and  raising  stock.  He  now  has  a  good  frame  house, 
barn,  sixty  acres  under  fence  and  cultivation  and  a 
bunch  of  stock.  He  has  also  a  million  feet  of  good 
saw  timber.  Mr.  Miller  is  one  of  the  substantial  men 
of  the  community  and  has  been  prospered  because  of 
his  thrift  and  industry.  He  has  two  brothers  and  one 
sister:  Fred,  Ernest,  Mary,  wife  of  C.  E.  Barger,  in 
Kootenai  county.  Mr.  Miller  was  married  in  Spokane, 
Washington,  on  December  27,  1902,  to  Miss  Effie  M. 
Barger,  formerly  of  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  but  lately 
employed  by  the  telephone  company  of  Spokane. 


CYRUS  B.  SHEAR.  A  prosperous  young  farmer 
and  stockman,  whose  labors  have  demonstrated  him  to 
be  possessed  both  of  skill  and  integrity,  while  he  has 
a  wealth  of  executive  force,  it  is  quite"  fitting  that  he 
should  be  accorded  representation  in  the  history  of  his 
county. 

Cyrus  B.  Shear  was  born  in  Salt  Lake  City,  on 
September  21,  1869.  being  the  son  of  Edward  A.  and 
Annie  (Stewart)  Shear,  especial  mention  of  whom  oc- 
curs in  another  portion  of  the  work.  The  family  went 
to  Provo  City,  Utah,  when  our  subject  was  small  and 
there  he  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  in 
the  Brigham  Young  Academy.  He  remained  with  his 
parents  in  the  various  places  where  they  lived  until  the 
time  of  his  majority,  when  he  took  up  work  in  the  Park 
City  mines  until  1891,  then  journeyed  as  far  as  Koote- 
nai county,  settling  in  his  present  place,  two  miles  south 
from  Wrencoe.  He  has  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres, 
well  cultivated  and  improved  with  good  buildings, 
which  supports  a  goodly  number  of  stock.  He  raises 
a  hundred  tons  of  hay  annually  and  keeps  sufficient 
stock  to  consume  it  all. 

On  November  20,  1890,  Mr.  Shear  married  Miss 
Louise,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mary  A.  (Essicks) 
Cook,  natives  of  England.  They  came  to  America  in 
1873  and  after  a  three  years'  residence  in  Chicago 
removed  to  Denver.  Colorado,,  where  Mr.  Cook  died. 
Later  they  all  came  to  Salt  Lake  City,  where  the 
mother  still  lives.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Shear:  William  H.,  Edward  C,  Joseph  E., 
Ralph  M.,  and  Mable  L.  In  political  matters  Mr. 
Shear  is  a  liberal  and  independent  thinker.  In  June, 
1899.  Mr.  Shear  was  elected  school  trustee  and  called 
the  first  meeting  to  set  off  a  new  district.  He  is  a 
supporter  of  good  schools  and  is  a  laborer  in  the  line 
of  general  progress.  Mrs.  Shear  is  a  member  of  the 
Latter  Day  Saint  church. 


JAMES  NELSON.  Mr.  Nelson  has  done  a  lion's 
share  in  the  development  of  the  west,  laboring  with  an 
energy  and  skill  that  have  brought  their  own  success. 
At  the  present  he  is  handling  his  estate  on  one  quarter 
section,  one  mile  south  from  Valley,  where  he  does 


a  general  farming  business,  raises  stock,  and  is  doing  a 
first-class  job  in  improvement. 

James  Nelson  was  born 'in  TornbeSogen,  Denmark, 
on  September  22,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Neils  Jensen 
and  Johanna    Marie    (Micheals)    Dater,   natives   also 
of  Denmark,  where  they  remained  until  the  time  of  their 
death.      James    received    a    common    schooling,    and 
worked  out  from  the  time  he  was  ten,  until  he  was 
fourteen,   going  to   school,   however,   in   the   winters. 
When   fourteen  he  went  to  do  for  himself,  herding 
"     and   farming.      Mr.    Nelson  desired   to  get   in 
he  marine  service,  but  not  being  tall  enough  was  de- 
ailed  for  the  land  force.     That  not  being  to  his  taste, 
left  Denmark  and   came  to   Pennsylvania,   thence 
California,  then  to  Fraser  river  country  and  at  the 
me  of  constructing  the  Northern  Pacific  he  came  to 
daho  and  wrought  here  between  Spokane  and  Rath- 
for  a  period.     He  then  took  a  squatter's  right 
n  surveyed  land  on  Eight-mile  Prairie,  later  sold  it 
nd  built  a  schooner  for  the   Pend  Oreille  lake  and 
id  freighting  for  a  couple  of  years.     Selling  this,  he 
ame  to  his  present  place  and  took  a  squatter's  right 
nd  homesteaded  as  soon  as  surveyed.     This  was  in 
887,  thus  making  Mr.  Nelson  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
f  this  section.    He  has  over  one  hundred  acres  under 
ultivation  and  raises  stock  in  addition  to  doing  general 
arming.     Good  buildings,  orchard,  fencing  and  other 
ubstantial  improvements  are  in  evidence  on  the  farm 
nd  testify  to  the  faithful  and  wise  labor  of  our  sub- 
ject. 

On  June  6,  1888,  Mr.  Nelson  married  Miss  Emma 
B.  Long,  of  Nashville,  Tennessee.  She  came,  in  1886, 
to  Sandpoint,  Idaho,  where  she  met  and  married  Mr. 
Nelson.  Mrs.  Nelson  has  been  in  the  work  of  the 
educator  for  a  number  of  years,  teaching  four  terms 
before  she  left  Tennessee.  'She  also  taught  two  years 
in  Idaho,  and  is  now  school  clerk.  One  child  has  been, 
born  to  this  happy  union,  Grace  J.,  now  in  school. 
Mr.  Nelson  is  independent  in  politics.  He  resigned  the 
office  of  road  supervisor.  Mr.  Nelson  is  a  member  of  the 
1.  O.  O.  F.  Lodge  No.  67,  at  Priest  River.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Nelson  are  widely  known  and  highly  respected, 
being  capable,  upright  and  enterprising  people  of  excel- 
lent standing. 


EDWARD  A.  SHEAR.  As  one  is  known  by  his 
work,  so  it  is  right  that  one's  work  should  praise  him. 
Surely  in  this  case  before  us,  it  is  but  right  to  state  that 
the  subject  of  this  article  has  been  one  of  the  most 
active  and  successful  mechanical  engineers  in  this 
portion  of  the  west  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
accord  him  representation  in  this  volume. 

Edward  A.  Shear  was  born  in  Grand  Rapids, 
Michigan,  on  January  5,  1850,  being  the  son  of  John 
B.  and  Ann  Robinson,  natives  of  Vermont  and 
New  York,  respectively.  They  came  to  Grand  Rapids 
and  later  moved  to  Lowell,  where  they  died.  The 
father  had  been  a  successful  operator  in  the  lumber  and 
general  merchandise  business.  Edward  was  educated 
in  Grand  Rapids  and  went  with  his  parents  to  Lowell, 
where  he  learned  well  the  business  of  his  father  and 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


also  was  well  trained  in  the  line  of  mechanical  engineer, 
being  apt  at  this  calling  from  the  start.  While  still 
a  young  man  he  came  to  Sedalia,  Missouri,  and  took 
charge  of  a  large  mercantile  establishment,  which  he 
closed  out  in  1870,  for  the  owners.  Next  he  went  to 
Texas  and  shortly  was  in  Salt  Lake  City  with  a  bunch 
of  cattle.  He  soon  went  to  the  mines  and  in  that 
capacity  he  has  wrought  more  or  less  since.  He  soon 
gained  the  name  of  the  Nevada  mill  builder.  He  built 
the  largest  cyanide  mill  in  the  world  and  a  thirty  stamp 
mill  in  the  "  Custer  City  district  in  Idaho.  He  also 
superintended  the  Raymond,  which  was  twelve  hun- 
dred feet  deep,  and  Eli  mines  in  Nevada.  He  built 
two  mills  in  the  Wood  river  country  and  put  up  the 
first  mill  in  the  Okanogan  country,  for  ex-governor 
Lawton.  Mr.  Shear  also  erected  the  Last  Chance  mill 
in  Bingham,  Utah,  and  the  Crescent  and  the  Glencoe 
mills  at  Park  City,  Utah.  He  did  other  work  at  Park 
City  and  also  put  up  the  hoisting  works  of  the  Lady 
of  the  Lake  Anchor  mines  and  the  Cactus  concentrator 
at  Copper  Gulch,  near  Frisco,  Utah.  In  1901  he  put 
up  the  works  on  the  Wabash,  in  Park  City  and  also 
the  large  saw  mill  at  Sandpoint.  He  erected  the 
cyanide  mill  in  the  Seven  Devils  country  and  many 
others  in  the  last  thirty  years.  In  1891  Mr.  Shear  came 
to  Kootenai  county  and  bought  a  relinquishaient  of  his 
present  place  in  Wrencoe,  which  he  has  improved  un- 
til it  is  one  of  the  finest  places  in  the  entire  county ; 
he  handles  many  tons  of  hay  and  lots  of  stock  each 
year.  Mr.  Shear  is  also  interested  personally  in  dif- 
ferent mines  and  is  a  man  of  commanding  ability  and 

many  excellent  works. 

In  1874,  Mr.  Shear  married  Miss  Annie  Stewart, 
whose  parents  were  natives  of  Utah.  The  wedding  oc- 
curred in  Silver  City,  Utah.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  this  union:  Cyrus  B.,  married  and  living  in 
this  county ;  William,  with  his  parents.  Mr.  Shear  is 
a  man  whose  labors  are  well  known  all  over  the  west 
and  is  in  demand  by  the  best  mining  companies,  having 
made  a  very  enviable  record.  He  is  esteemed  by  all 
who  know  him  and  is  counted  in  his  home  place  as 
one  of  the  best  of  neighbors  and  a  genuine  gentleman, 
genial  and  affable.  He  is  now  engaged  in  a  general 
merchandise  business  at  Wrencoe,  Idaho. 


DONALD  O.  MERRITT,  a  stirring  young  gen- 
tleman of  whom  we  now  speak,  is  one  of  the  later  set- 
tlers in  Kootenai  county,  having  a  farm  one  and  one- 
half  miles  south  from  Wrencoe.  He  is  a  man  of 
energy  and  patriotism  and  is  doing  a  first  class  work 
in  the  improvement  of  his  place. 

Donald  O.  Merritt  was  born  in  Streator,  Illinois, 
on  December  19,  1875,  being  the  son  of  Jay  K.  and 
Ella  (Morris)  Merritt,  natives  respectively  of  Michi- 
gan and  Canada.  The  mother  came  to  the  United 
States  when  ten  years  of  age,  settling  in  Streator. 
The  family  remained  there  until  later  years  when  Mr. 
Merritt  brought  them  all  to  the  Hoodoo  valley  in 
Idaho,  where  the  parents  now  reside.  Our  subject 


received  his  education  in  Streator  mostly,  and  when 
he  came  west  he  took  hold  with  a  trusty  pioneer  spirit 
and  is  the  proud  possessor  of  a  record  equal  to  any. 
In  1898  he  enlisted  in  Company  P.,  of  the  Idaho  Volun- 
teers, and  went  to  war  in  the  Philippines.  He 
fought  in  the  battles  of  Manila,  Santa  Ana,  and 
Calookan  and  was  then  taken  sick  and  languished  in 
the  hospital  in  that  tropical  climate  until  July,  when 
his  regiment  was  ordered  home  and  he  was  able  to 
join  them  before  they  sailed  for  San  Francisco.  He 
was  mustered  out  in  San  Francisco  after  a  continual 
service  of  sixteen  months  and  came  home  via  Boise. 
He  was  taken  sick  in  May,  1899,  left  Manila  July  31, 
and  was  mustered  out  on  September  29.  He  wrought 
in  the  woods  the  following  winter  and  in  1901  bought 
his  present  place,  which  he  has  begun  to  develop  in 
good  shape.  He  has  twenty-five  acres  under  tribute 
to  crops,  comfortable  buildings  and  is  handling  some 
stock. 

On  December  25.  1901,  Mr.  Merritt  married  Miss 
Maggie  L.,  daughter  of  Harry  and  Ellen  White, 
natives  of  Kansas.  They  came  to  Spokane  Prairie, 
Washington,  in  1891  and  reside  there  now.  Mrs. 
Merritt  has  one  sister,  Jennie,  with  her  parents.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Merritt  are  members  of  the  Seven  Day 
Advent  church.  They  are  young  people  of  good  stand- 
ing and  are  a  valuable  acquisition  to  the  society  of  the 
community. 


HANS  L.  JORGENSEN  is  an  enterprising 
agriculturist  and  stockman  and  also  one  of  the  lead- 
ing citizens  of  his  home  community,  where  he  is 
highly  respected  and  known  as  a  substantial  and  up- 
right man. 

Hans  L.  Jorgensen  was  born  in  Hoithorthrup  coun- 
ty, Denmark,  on  November  20,  1850.  being  the  son 
of  Peter  and  Esther  (Larsen)  JorgeWn,  also  natives 
of  the  same  place,  where  the  father  died  in  1887.  aged 
sixty-four,  and  the  mother  in  1898.  The  father  was  a 
teacher  in  the  public  schools  and  after  forty  years  of 
this  commendable  labor  he  received  a  pension  from  .the 
government.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, Jens  Jorgensen,  was  also  a  teacher  and  pensioned 
for  his  services.  King  Christian,  the  Ninth,  gave  him 
a  medal  of  decoration  for  his  long  service.  He  cele- 
brated his  silver,  golden,  and  diamond  wedding  in  the 
same  district  where  he  had  taught  for  so  long.  He 
died  aged  ninety-four  and  his  wife  preceded  him  one 
month,  being  ninty-three.  Our  subject  received  a 
first-class  education' and  at  the  age  of  twenty  gradu- 
ated from  the  Royal  High  Agricultural  School  in 
Copenhagen.  Then  came  six  months'  service  in  the 
army  and  after  that  he  was  the  favored  one  whose 
lot  was  drawn  to  be  allowed  to  spend  his  time  at  home. 

drilling  one  month  each  year  in  the  army  and  then 
operated  two  years  each  on  two  different  farms  as 
foreman.  He  also  conducted  a  dairy  farm  for  some 
time.  In  1880,  Mr.  Jorgensen  came  to  America, 
locating  in  Muskegon,  Michigan,  where  he  wrought 
in  a  saw  mill.  Then  we  see  him  in  Racine,  Wisconsin. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  next  spring  he  went  to  Duluth,  then  to  Dakota, 
where  he  rented  a  farm  near  Valley  City  for  one  year. 
Next  he  migrated  to  Spokane,  where  two  and  one-half 
years  were  spent,  and  in  1890  Mr.  Jorgensen  same 
to  his  present  place,  in  Valley,  where  he  has  dwelt 
since.  He  bought  a  squatter's  right  for  sixty  dollars, 
has  done  fine  improving  on  his  land,  has  a  goodly  herd 
of  cattle  and  raises  general  produce. 

On  February  10,  1895,  Mr.  Jorgensen  married  Mrs. 
Catherine  A.,  widow  of  Karl  J.  Agergaard,  of  Lemrig, 
in  Jutland,  Denmark.  He  died  in  Minnesota  in  1886. 
Mrs.  Jorgensen  was  born  in  Denmark  in  1851,  March 
14,  and  there  was  educated.  Her  parents,  Frederick 
M.  and  Frederica  (Knebus)  Becher,  were  natives  of 
Denmark,  where  they  now  live  aged  eighty-five  and 
eighty-four,  respectively.  After  her  first  husband's 
death,  Mrs.  Jorgensen  went  to  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin, 
thence  to  Laramie,  Wyoming,  later  to  Walla  Walla, 
thence  to  Portland,  and  finally  to  Kootenai  county, 
where  she  met  and  married  Mr.  Jorgensen,  as  stated. 
She  has  one  child  by  her  former  marriage,  Dana  B., 
going  to  school.  Mrs.  Jorgensen  is  a  member  of 
Danish  Sisterhood  Lodge  No.  8,  at  Oshkosh,  Wiscon- 
sin. She  and  her  husband  are  members  of  the  Luther- 
an church.  Mr.  Jorgensen  is  an  independent  thinker 
in  political  matters  and  has  been  active  in  the  realm 
of  good  government  and  progression.  He  was  at  the 
Populist  convention  in  1894  and  in  1902  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace  by  the  Republicans.  He  has  also 
served  on  the  school  board,  being  a  supporter  of  good 
schools. 


WILLIAM  R.  HOAR.  This  enterprising  and 
capable  gentleman  is  possessed  of  more  than  the  ordi- 
nary pluck  and  determination  since  he  has,  in  spite 
of  the  severest  obstacles,  wrought  his  way  to  success 
and  showed  his  ability  to  overcome. 

William  R.  Hoar  was  born  in  Pointe  De  Bute, 
Westmoreland  county,  New  Brunswick.  Canada,  on 
April  4,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Archibald  and  Miranda 
(Wells)  Hoar,  natives  of  the  same  place.  The  mother 
died  many  years  since,  but  the  father  lived  until  1888. 
He  was  a  harness  maker  and  owned  a  shop  of  his  own. 
William  received  a  common  schooling,  spent  one  year 
in  Amherst  college  and  then  learned  the  harness  makers 
trade  from  his  father,  which  he  followed  for  three 
years.  Subsequent  to  that,  he  went  to  sea  for  six  years 
and  then  learned  the  tanner's  art.  operating  3  nbnt 
of  his  own  for  three  years  and  in  1879  came  to  British 
Columbia  and  opened  a  tannery  on  the  Fraser  river. 
In  1884  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Auburn,  King  county, 
Washington,  where  he  opened  a  store,  also  was  post- 
master and  had  a  telephone  office.  This  occupied  him 
until  1890,  when  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Ellensburg, 
Washington,  from  which  point  he  prospected  and 
worked  on  the  railroad  until  1896.  During  this  time, 
he  had  the  great  misfortune  to  lose  one  of  his  arms, 
which  laid  him  up  for  one  year.  Arising  from  this 
bed  of  suffering  and  hardship,  Mr.  Hoar  again  con- 
fronted the  battles  of  life  and  although  thus  hampered, 


he  bravely  set  his  face  for  success,  in  1898  he  came  to 
his  present  place,  in  Valley,  where  he  bought  land 
and  went  to  farming  and  raising  stock.  He  has  made 
an  excellent  showing  here  and  is  on  the  road  to  a 
fitting  success. 

On  January  24,  1876,  Mr.  Hoar  married  Miss  Mary 
J.,  daughter  of  Burton  and  Caroline  (King)  Chappell, 
natives  of  Nova  Scotia,  where  they  remained  until  the 
time  of  their  death.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  this  union  :  Herbert  C.,  living  in  Spokane ;  William 
G.,  also  in  Spokane ;  Virgil,  attending  school  in  Spo- 
kane. Mr.  Hoar  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  takes  an 
active  part.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
Lodge  No.  60,  at  Auburn.  Mrs.  Hoar  is  a  member  of 
the  F.  U.  of  America. 


ANDREW  A.  MERRITT.  In  the  financial 
realm  Mr.  Merritt  is  a  prosperous  farmer  and  stock- 
man. Politically  he  is  influential  and  a  stanch  Re- 
publican. In  1902  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for 
county  commissioner  from  the  second  district  against 
S.  H.  Watkins,  Democrat.  He  has  been  influential 
since  his  residence  here,  in  all  the  conventions  and 
caucuses  and  is  now  one  of  the  substantial  and  capa- 
ble men  of  this  section. 

Andrew  A.  Merritt  was  born  in  Lansing,  Tomp- 
kins  county,  New  York,  in  1860,  being  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Eliza  (King)  Merritt,  natives  of  New 
York.  In  1862  they  removed  to  Michigan,  where  the 
father  died  in  1868,  the  mother  residing  there  a  de- 
cade longer  and  then  removing  to  Streator,  Illinois. 
In  1889  she  came  to  Kootenai  county,  where  she  died 
in  1895.  Andrew  received  his  education  in  the  var- 
ious places  where  the  family  lived,  remaining  with  his 
mother  until  1878,  when  lie  started  in  life  for  him- 
self :  He  married  soon  and  moved  to  Illinois  where  he 
wrought  at  the  carpenter's  trade.  Then  he  went  to 
Colorado  and  there  wrought  for  two  years.  In  1883 
he  was  in  Colfax  and  there  did  carpentering,  also 
handled  a  farm  and  in  1887  he  came  to  his  present 
place,  about  two  and  one-half  miles  southwest  from 
Valley.  Here  he  has  resided  since  and  in  addition 
to  the  homestead,  he  bought  a  forty  acre  tract  of  tim- 
ber land.  He  has  improved  his  place  in  fine  shape ;  has 
considerable  stock  and  raises  much  poultry. 

In  Eaton  county,  Michigan,  in  1879,  Mr-  Merritt 
married  Miss  Cora'E.,  daughter  of  Cyrus  and  Emma 
Cowan.  In  1883  he  got  a  divorce  and  has  not  mar- 
ried since.  Mr.  Merritt  has  always  conducted  him- 
self so  as  to  win  the  esteem  and  approbation  of  all  who 
knew  him  and  is  a  popular  and  upright  man.  He  has 
been  elected  road  overseer  for  a  number  of  terms.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M. 


CHARLES  GERTUM.  Adjoining  the  hamlet  of 
Valley  lies  the  estate  of  our  subject,  to  which  he 
acquired  title  by  the  homestead  right  and  he  now  de- 
votes himself  to  the  improvement  and  cultivation  of 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  farm,  having  demonstrated  himself  to  be  a  pro- 
gressive, capable  and  upright  man,  which  has  given 
him  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  people. 

Charles  Gertum  was  born  on  June  21,  1851,  in 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  being  the  son  of  Charles  and 
Helen  (Dick)  Gertum,  natives  of  Mayence,  Germany, 
that  place  being  on  the  Rhine.  On  account  of  taking 
part  in  the  rebellion  in  Germany  in  1848,  the  father  was 
forced  with  Carl  Schurz,  General  Sigel  and  others  to 
flee  that  country.  He  located  in  New  York  and  fol- 
lowed merchandising  and  in  1851  went  to  Brazil  where 
he  did  an  importing  and  exporting  business  until  1860, 
in  which  year  he  returned  to  the  United  States.  In 
1861  he  bought  a  truck  farm  near  Brooklyn  and  oper- 
ated that  for  two  years  and  then  sold  out  and  moved 
to  Brooklyn  where  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace 
and  continued  in  the  office  for  twenty-seven  years.  He 
died  in  1894;  his  wife  had  died  in  1871.  Charles  re- 
ceived his  elementary  training  in  the  common  schools, 
then  spent  three  years  under  private  instruction  and 
in  1867  graduated"  from  Tuner  College.  Then  he  took 
up  the  art  of  the  carpenter  and  builder  and  mastered 
it  in  due  time.  In  1884  he  came  to  Minnesota,  settling 
in  Ottertail  county,  and  farmed  there  for  five  years.  In 
1889  he  returned  to  New  York  to  take  charge  of  build- 
ing a  block  and  in  1890  he  came  back  to,  Hubbard 
county  and  wrought  at  his  trade  for  four  years,  when 
he  came  to  his  present  location.  He  has  thirty  acres 
cultivated  and  his  farm  improved  with  buildings,  or- 
chard, fence,  and  so  forth.  He  handles  stock  and  puts 
up  some  hay.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Gertum  is  a 
Democrat  and  has  done  good  work  in  promoting  the 
schools  of  his  vicinity.  He  is  now  justice  of  the  peace 
and  has  served  six  years  as  clerk  of  the  school  board. 
Mr.  Gertum  is  a  charter  member  of  the  F.  O.  A., 
Court  No.  18,  at  Priest  River. 


JAY  K.  MERRITT.  The  men  who  open  the 
country  for  settlement  are  the  ones  who  do  the  hard 
work  and  are  called  upon  to  stand  all  kinds  of  hard- 
ships and  endure  various  deprivations,  more  than  can 
be  enumerated,  and  surely  are  deserving  of  especial 


Our  subject  was  one  of  this  worthy  band  who  opened 
Kootenai  county  and  is  now  living  three  miles  south 
from  Valley  on  land  that  he  has  cleared  and  improved 
by  his  own  labor.  ' 

Jay  K.  Merritt  is  the  son  of  Thomas  O.  and  Eliza 
M.  (King)  Merritt,  natives  of  Cayuga  county,  New 
York.  In  1861  they  removed  to  Eaton  county,  Mich- 
igan, where  the  father  died  about  1870,  and  the  family 
came  on  to  Streator,  Illinois.  In  1888  the  mother 
:  to  the  home  of  our  subject  in  this  county  and 


ten  children,  nine  boys  and  one'  girl,  five  of  whom  are 
still  living,  Carrie,  wife  of  E.  B.  Smith,  in  Coldwater, 
Michigan:  Jay  K.,  our  subject;  Otis  and  Andrew, 
both  in  this  county;  Frank,  married  and  living  in 
Streator,  Illinois.  Jay  K.  was  born  in  Tompkins 
county,  New  York,  on  April  6,  1845,  ancl  there  he  re- 


ceived a  common  schooling.  He  remained  with  his 
mother  until  he  was  twenty-seven.  In  1861  he  began 
to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade  and  in  1868  came  to 
Streator,  where  Air.  Merritt  followed  his  trade  for 
many  years.  In  1889  he  came  to  Kootenai  county  and 
selected  his  present  place.  It  was  wild  country  with 
no  neighbors  near.  He  was  obliged  to  erect  his  house 
and  buildings  without  the  aid  of  a  team,  later  he 
bought  a  pair  of  bullocks  which  he  broke  to  harness 
and  afterwards  traded  for  a  span  of  horses;  the  joy 
of  getting  his  first  span  of  horses  to  replace  the  stub- 
born and  slow  oxen  impressed  itself  firmly  on  Mr. 
Merritt.  He  has  good  buildings,  fine  well,  good  or- 
chard, and  all  other  improvements  needed.  .  Mr. 
Merritt  devoted  much  attention  to  raising  stock  until 
1896,  when  an  under  current  broke  out  on  his  meadow 
and  since  he  has  been  unable  to  get  on  it.  He  con- 
templates draining  it  as  it  is  a  very  valuable  piece  of 
land. 

On  October  7,  1873,  Mr.  Merritt  married  Miss 
Ella  A.,  daughter  of  Prince  W.  and  Elizabeth  (Carey) 
Morris,  natives  of  England.  They  came  to  Canada 
when  young  and  to  the  United  States  in  1851,  locat- 
ing in  LaSalle,  Illinois,  where  the  father  died  in  1858, 
having  reared  seven  children.  The  mother  is  now  the 
wife  of  'Squire  Blakely.  Mr.  Merritt  is  an  active 
Republican,  especially  in  school  matters.  He  was  the 
first  to  agitate  the  question  of  getting  a  school  and  has 
since  served  as  director  with  wisdom.  Mrs.  Merritt 
is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 


ALBERT  H.  NOBLE.  In  the  person  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  we  have  one  who  has  weathered  the 
adversity  and  panicky  times  that  strewed  the  coun- 
try with  so  many  financial  wrecks,  and  has  now  come 
to  be  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  of  northern 
Kootenai  county,  while  he  started  here  in  the  very 
midst  of  these  times  with  no  capital  except  a  good 
stock  of  courage  and  determination  that  he  would  win. 
A  detailed  account  of  his  career  will  be  interesting;  to 
all. 

Albert  H.  Noble  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
\Yest  Virginia,  on  January  26,  1852,  being  the  son 
of  Sepher  and  F.meline  (.Bocok)  Noble,  natives  of 
Virginia.  They  moved  to  West  Virginia  and  there 
farmed  until  their  death.  They  raised  two  children. 
The  father  died  when  our  subject  was  an  infant  and 
the  mother  married  Joshua  Morris  in  1854.  They 
raised  five  children.  Albert  received  a  good  common 
schooling  and  remained  with  his  mother  in  the  work 
of  the  farm  until  he  was  nineteen  and  then  in  1871, 
he  went  to  Ohio  and  packed  salt  in  the  works  there 
lor  one  year.  After  this  he  returned  to  his  native 

In  that  year  he  came  with  his  family  to  Sprague, 
\Yashington,  thence  to  Wilbur  and  then  operated  a 
restaurant  in  Tyler.  It  was  1891  when  he  came  to 
Kootenai  county  and  for  two  years  he  chopped  cord 
wood.  In  1894  he  filed  on  his  present  place,  one- 
half  mile  north  from  Athol.  With  his  own  hands  he 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


built  a  house,  a  barn  and  out  buildings  and  when  they 
came  to  count  their  assets  they  found  that  one  dollar 
and  twenty-five  cents  was  the  sum  total  of  cash,  and 
they  had  a  small  stock  of  provisions.  The  times  had  i  ;en 
hard  and  the  wages  low  for  wood  cutting  in  the  two 
years  previous  and  Mr.  Noble  had  only  succeeded  in 
supporting  the  family.  Now,  a  bunch  of  thieving 
tramps  stole  all  the  provisions  and  the  cash,  when  all 
chanced  to  be  absent  from  the  cabin  and  it  was  evident 
that  a  crisis  was  on  hand.  This  was  the  awful  time 
of  panic  in  this  country  and  Mr.  Noble  sought  in 
every  direction  to  provide  for  his  needs.  Soon  he 
secured  a  part  of  a  contract  from  a  man  to  cut  wood 
for  the  railroad,  and  with  his  son,  twelve  years  of 
age,  he  succeeded  in  getting  enough  cut  and  hauled 
to  weather  them  through,  and  little  by  little  he  began 
to  improve  his  place.  He  has  a  good  farm,  is  all 
out  of  debt,  has  some  stock  and  is  on  the  road  to  a 
gratifying  competence. 

On  November  9,  1875,  Mr.  Noble  married  Miss 
Harriet,  daughter  of  Juble  and  Lucinda  Paine,  natives 
of  Virginia,  who  removed  to  West  Virginia  and  there 
remained  until  their  death.  They  were  parents  of 
four  girls.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Noble  have  three  children : 
Louise,  deceased ;  Albert,  married  and  living  in  Gran- 
ite: Mary,  wife  of  Albert  Sniders  in  Spokane.  Mr. 
Noble  is  a  Republican  and  serves  on  the  school  board. 
He  and  his  wife  are  devout  members  of  the  Baptist 
church.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Pine 
Lodge,  No.  75,  in  Athol. 


ULYSSIS  G.  SMITH.  About  one  mile  south 
from  Granite  one  finds  the  home  of  Mr.  Smith,  which 
is  a  valuable  place,  and  which  he  is  improving  in  a 
thrifty  way,  devoting  himself  both  to  general  farm- 
ing and  to  raising  stock,  of  which  he  has  about  thirtv 
head  at  the  present  time. 

Ulyssis  G.  Smith  was  born  in  Huntington,  In- 
diana,'on  July  1 6,  1865,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  (McClure)  Smith,  natives  of  Indiana,  and 
later  they  moved  to  Michigan,  where  they  now  live. 
Our  subject  went  with  the  family  to  the  vicinity 
of  Lansing  and  there  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  and  finished  it  in  a  business  college. 
When  eighteen  he  began  labor  for  himself  and  for  a 
time  wrought  on  the  neighboring  farms  and  in  Lan- 
sing. Later  he  was  in  Richmond,  Indiana,  working 
for  the  Adams  Express  Company.  In  1889  he  came 
to  Seattle  and  there  wrought  at  contracting  for  a  time. 
Then  he  visited  Yakima  and  spent  one  year  on  a  farm 
and  also  one  season  on  the  Yakima  reservation  farm- 
ing. After  this  he  sold  his  stock  and  came  to  Col- 
fax  and  conducted  a  wood  yard  for  a  time.  Next 
he  took  a  contract  of  cutting  three  hundred  cords  of 
wood  near  Rockford  and  after  completing  that  he 
came  to  his  present  place,  having  also  spent  some  time 
in  Rathdrum.  He  is  one  of  the  enterprising  farmers 
of  the  community  and  is  doing  well,  while  he  main- 
tains an  untarnished  reputation  among  all. 


In  June,  1900,  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss  Addie 
Shyter,  whose  parents  are  natives  of  Michigan.  They 
came  to  Wisconsin  and  in'  1888  made  the  journey  to 
Kootenai  county,  where  they  now  live.  One  child 
has  been  born  to  this  union,  Ivadell  T.  In  political 
matters  Mr.  Smith  is  a  firm  Republican  but  is  an  in- 
dependent thinker.  He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A 
at  Athol. 


CAPTAIN  PETER  C.  SORENSEN.  Among  the 
very  first  who  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  Coeur  d'Alene 
and  having  maintained  a  steady  residence  since  those 
early  days,  a  man  who  has  done  a  lion's  share  in  the 
development  of  the  resources  of  the  county,  while  also 
he  has  made  rapid  strides  in  the  business  world,  where 
he  has  accumulated  a  fine  property,  the  gentleman 
whose  name  appears  above  is  one  to  be  represented  in 
the  history  of  his  county,  since  also  he  is  a  man  of 
stanch  integrity,  and  is  a  substantial  and  capable  citi- 
zen, intelligent  and  upright. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  the  details  of  his  suc- 
cessful life  so  we  append  the  following.  Peter  C. 
Sorensen  was  born  in  Krogro,  Norway,  on  December 
25,  1833,  being  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Margaret 
( Christensen)  Sorensen,  natives  of  Norway,  where  they 
remained  on  a  farm  until  the  time  of  their  death.  Six 
boys  and  six  girls  were  the  children  of  this  family. 
Peter  C.  was  privileged  to  attend  school  six  weeks 
of  each  year  until  he  was  sixteen,  when  he  took  up  the 
stone  cutter's  trade.  He  came  to  America  in  1866, 
locating  in  Depere,  Wisconsin.  There  he  built  two 
smelting  furnaces  and  worked  for  the  Fox  River  Iron 
Company  for  eleven  years.  Then  he  came  to  the 
Sound  and  soon  returned  to  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  built 
a  steamboat  for  the  government,  known  as  Amelia 
Wheaten,  the  first  boat  on  the  lake,  of  which  he  was 
captain  for  three  years.  He  named  all  the  points 
about  the  lake,  such  as  Cougar  bay,  Collin  bay,  East 
point,  West  point,  and  many  others.  He  also  ex- 
plored the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  and  dug  through  the 
bar  that  hindered  navigation.  Then  Captain  "Soren- 
sen  gave  his  attention  to  building  ships  and  more  or 
less  since  that  time  he  has  labored  at  this  intricate 
craft,  in  which  he  has  done  some  excellent  work.  He 
built  the  Spokane  a  passenger  boat,  and  has  just  com- 
pleted a  ship  to  be  known  as  the  Colfax,  which  was 
launched  on  July  24,  1902.  Captain  Sorensen  has 
also  constructed  for  himself  a  fine  hotel  of  twenty-one 
rooms,  in  the  heart  of  the  town,  while  he  has  a  fine 
residence  two  miles  across  the  lake,  which  place  is 
known  as  Northcape.  He  has  two  good  cottages, 
also  six  hundred  fruit  trees.  And  as  an  ornament 
the  Captain  has  constructed  a  prohibition  church 
eight  feet  square  and  the  same  height,  entirely  made  of 
bottles  of  all  kinds.  He  has  also  constructed  a  sun 
dial,  known  as  the  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  has  also  a 
Marconi  wireless  telegraphic  paraphernalia  complete. 
These  things  demonstrate  the  genius  and  excellent 
taste  of  the  Captain  and  make  his  home  place  one  of 
the  most  attractive  and  pleasant  on  the  lake. 


CAPT.  PETER  C.  SORENSEN 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


In  1854  Captain  Sorensen  married  Miss  Marie, 
daughter  of  Ole  and  Hilga  Olesen,  natives  of  Nor- 
way, where  they  remained  until  their  death.  This 
estimable  lady  d'ied  in  1861,  leaving  one  child,  Chris- 
tine, now  Mrs.  Amanuel  Hosle,  who  is  landlady  of  the 
Sorensen  hotel.  Captain  Sorensen  is  an  active  and 
ardent  Republican  and  for  three  years,  from  1888  to 
1891,  he  was  a  member  of  the  town  board.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  is  one  of  the  most 
affable  and  genial  men  of  the  county. 


SAMUEL  H.  WATKINS.  This  well  known 
merchant  of  Athol  and  dealer  in  lumber  products  is 
one  of  the  real  pioneers  of  northern  Kootenai  county 
and  has  the  distinction  of  opening  the  first  mercantile 
establishment  in  Athol,  where  he  has  continued  since, 
now  doing  a  fine  business. 

Samuel  H.  Watkins  was  born  in  Detroit,  Michi- 
gan, on  March  4,  18^0,  being  the  son  of  Washington 
and  Mary  A.  (Hendricks)  Watkins,  natives  of  Xew 
York.  The  mother  died  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  De- 
cember, 1875,  and  the  father  died  the  following  year. 
The  father  had  served  in  the  Mexican  war  and  they 
were  the  parents  of  five  children:  Steven  E.,  de- 
ceased ;  Benjamin,  deceased ;  Mary  H.,  living  in  De- 

in  Detroit ;  Samuel  H.,  our  subject.  He  was  educated 
in  Detroit  and  Ypsilanti  and  then  completed  a  course 
in  the  state  normal  in  1868.  When  eighteen  he  went 
to  Cleveland  and  learned  the  harness  trade,  following 
it  until  1872.  Then  he  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Regu- 
lar Cavalry  and  served  through  the  Indian  wars  in 
New  Mex'ico  and  Texas  under  General  McKenzie. 
He  re-enlisted  in  the  First  Regular  Cavalry  under 
General  Grover,  uncle  of  Grover  Cleveland.  Serv- 
ing his  five  years,  he  came  to  the  coast  and  then  to 
Colfax,  Washington.  From  there  he  went  to  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  at  the  time  of  the  gold  excitement 
in  1883.  Later  he  went  to  work  on  the  Northern 
Pacific.  In  1888  he  opened  a  general  merchandise 
establishment  in  Ritzville,  Washington,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Bellamy  &  Watkins,  which  he  continued 
until  1895,  the  time  he  came  to  Athol,  erected  a  store 
and  brought  his  stock  hither.  During  his  stay  at 
Ritzville  Mr.  Watkins  made  a  trip  to  New  Hampshire. 
On  January  16,  1879,  Mr.  Watkins  married  Miss 
Mattie  E.,  daughter  of  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  A. 
(Brown)  Freeman,  natives  of  New  Hampshire, 
where  they  still  reside,  being  in  the  shoe  manufactur- 
ing business.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  children : 
Charles  W.,  married  and  living  in  New  Hampshire; 
Lizzie  A.,  wife  of  George  Adam,  living  in  New 
Brunswick :  Albert,  deceased ;  Frank,  married  and  liv- 
ing in  New  Hampshire;  Orrin  G.,  married  in  Mas- 
sachusetts ;  Hattie,  wife  of  Samuel  E.  Noyse,  in  New- 
Hampshire  ;  Bert,  deceased ;  Harry  O.,  single  and  liv- 
ing with  parents:  Lucius  R.,  married  and  living  in 
New  Hampshire.  Our  subject  has  three  children: 
Earl  F.,  Mark  O.  and  Glen  E.  Politically  Mr.  Wat- 
kins  is  a  Democrat  and  on  September  12,  1901,  he 


was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  to  the  position  of 
county  commissioner.  Pie  was  nominated  for  county 
commissioner  in  1902.  Mr.  Watkins  has  taken  great 
interest  in  organizing  districts  forty-nine  and  sixty- 
four  in  Kootenai  county,  and  is  a  champion  for  good 
schools.  Mr.  Watkins  is  affiliated  with  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  Pine  Lodge,  No.  75,  of  Athol;  and  is  also  a 
member  of  the  K.  P.  of  Rathdrum.  He  and  his  wife 
are  also  members  of  the  Rebekahs,  Evergreen  Lodge, 
No.  51.  They  attend  the  Methodist  church  and  are 
good  people  and  have  done  very  much  for  the  up- 
building of  the  place  and  this  portion  of  the  county. 


IRA  L.  YOUNG.  Deeds  speak  louder  than  words 
and  the  best  introduction  to  the  life  of  this  enterpris- 
ing and  successful  man  is  to  recount,  as  fully  as  space 
will  allow,  his  deeds  of  labor  and  his  achievements. 

Ira  L.  Young  was  born  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  on 
May  10,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Jethro  J.  and  Margaret 
E.  (Ferguson)  Young,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
family  settled  in  that  colony  long  before  the  Revolu- 
tion and  both  the  great-grandfathers  of  our  subject 
fought  in  that  conflict.  His  mother's  grandfather  lost 
two  children  by  Indian  massacre  and  all  his  property, 
while  the  ones  suffering  in  the  terrible  Gilbert  massa- 


came  to  Illinois,  thence  to  Iowa,  and  later  to  North 
Dakota,  where  the  mother  died  and  then  the  father 
returned  to  Jasper  county,  Iowa,  and  is  living  there 
now.  Ira  gained  his  education  from  the  schools 
where  the  family  lived  in  his  minority  and  when 
seventeen  commenced  working  out  on  adjacent  farms 
but  made  his  home  with  his  parents  until  twenty. 
Then  he  went  to  North  Dakota,  herded  cattle,  farmed 
and  dug  wells  until  1895,  when  he  went  with  a  good 
outfit  to  thresh  and  the  Great  Northern  engines  set 
fire  to  his  property  through  prairie  fires  and  destroyed 
if  all.  He  experienced  great  inconvenience  in  the 
blizzards  in  that  country  also,  living  one  week  on  pota- 
toes, as  the  weather  precluded  a  trip  for  supplies.  He 
took  a  timber  claim  there  and  still  owns  it.  The  losses 
of  nearly  six  thousand  dollars  worth  of  property  in 
the  fire  spoken  of  occurred  in  1895,  and  he  went  to 
work  by  the  day  for  a. time  and  in  1897  he  left  Turtle 
mountains  with  a  pack  train  of  six  horses  for  Wash- 
ington. He  left  the  horses  for  the  winter  in  Horse 
Plaines,  Montana,  and  the  next  spring  went  back 
from  Spokane  for  them  and  found  the}'  had  all  been 
eaten  by  grizzly  bears  and  mountain  lions.  He  then 
came  to  Athol,  bought  a  quarter  of  railroad  land  and 
settled  down,  but  he  had  not  a  dollar  and  so  went  to 
work  to  get  supplies  and  then  he  improved  his  place 
in  good  shape.  In  1901  Mr.  Young  went  to  the 
Palouse  country  and  there  lost  his  wife.  '  He  then 
went  to  Yakima  and  there  labored  and  took  a  desert 
claim,  which  he  still  owns.  In  1902  Mr.  Young  came 
back  to  his  present  place,  one-half  mile  west  from 
Athol  and  resides  there  now.  He  has  over  two  thou- 
sand acres  of  land,  which  he  has  accumulated  in  the 
last  five  years. 


946 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  February  9,  1900,  Mr.  Young  married  Mrs. 
Malissa  E.  Coursor,  of  Buffalo,  Missouri,  and  on  Sep- 
tember 8,  1901,  she  died.  Mr.  Young  is  a  charte: 


her  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Athol  Camp, 
he  is  a  Republican  and  -~f"'~  ~=- 


..  _^_3.  In  politics 
especially  in  local  mat- 
ters. Mr.  Young  was  in  the  government  service 
freighting  when  the  Sioux  broke  out  from  the  Pine 
Ridge  agency  in  Dakota,  and  he  heard  the  shot  that 
killed  Sitting  Bull,  the  famous  chieftain  of  that  tribe. 
On  December  29,  1902,  Mr.  Young  married  Sally 
A.  Dula,  of  Lenoir,  North  Carolina,  who  came  all 
the  way  from  her  home  to  get  married.  For  pastime 
Mr.  Young  has  recently  taken  up  photography,  and 
has  taken  some  very  fine  views  of  the  country  and 
logging  in  his  neighborhood. 


ROBERT  C.  EGBERS.  Prominent  in  the  edu- 
-cational  circles  of  northern  Idaho,  as  also  he  has  been 
in  other  places,  a  man  of  culture  and  talent,  while  also 
he  has  taken  hold  with  a  willing  hand  to  do  the  pio- 
•  Deer's  noble  work,  it  is  proper  to  place  a  review  of  the 
life  of  our  subject  in  the  history  of  Kootenai  county. 

Robert  C.  Egbers  was  born  in  Hancock  county, 
Illinois,  on  March  26,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Francis 
M.  and  Elizabeth  (Wilcox)  Egbers,  natives  of  Lou- 
isiana and  London,  England.  The  mother  came  to 
America  in  1847  and  located  in  Illinois,  where  she  was 
married,  and  for  twenty  years  they  lived  in  Hancock 
county,  and  in  1885  came  to  Ritzville,  Washington.  In 
1901  they  came  to  Kootenai  county  and  now  reside 
here.  Robert  received  a  common  school  education  and 
at  seventeen  started  out  for  himself,  teaching  vocal 
music  to  pay  the  expenses  of  a  more  extended  course 
lo  fit  him  for  his  profession.  He  taught  his  first  school 
in  Stillwell,  llllinois,  in  1885  and  since  that  time  he 
has  been  more  or  less  steadily  in  this  line  of  endeavor. 
He  removed  to  Ritzville  in  1886  and  was  soon  one  of 
the  board  of  examiners  for  Adams  county.  In  1888 
he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  party  against  J. 
C.  Hoffman,  Democrat,  for  county  superintendent  of 
schools-ami  won  the  day  by  ninety-nine  votes.  In  1890 
he  won  against  W.  R.  Cunningham  by  the  same  ma- 
jority, and  in  1892  he  won  against  B.  J.  Neare  by 
thirty-six  votes.  In  1894  he  was  nominated  for  clerk 
of  the  court  and  was  beaten  by  Louis  Walton,  fusion- 
ist,  by  a  small  majority.  His'  wife's  health  was  fail- 
ing and  he  was  forced  to  make  another  move,  and  ac- 
cordingly he  came  to  Athol,  Idaho.  He  at  once  went 
to  teaching  and  for  five  years  he  has  taught  steadily 
in  one  school,  giving  perfect  satisfaction  and  doing  a 
thorough  and  commendable  work.  Mr.  Egbers  has 
taken  a  homestead  where  he  now  lives,  four  miles 
southeast  from  Athol,  and  he  has  bestowed  much  labor 
in  improving  it  in  good  shape.  In  1900  Mr.  Egbers 
was  nominated  by  his  party  for  county  superintendent 
of  schools  agains't  Daniel  Van  Duzer  and  was  beaten 
by  a  small  majority.  Again  in  1902  he  was  nominated 
on  the  same  ticket,  Mr.  Van  Duzer  being  his  opponent, 
and  was  elected  by  three  hundred  and  eighty-one  ma- 
jority. 


In  December,  1888,  Mr.  Egbers  married  Miss 
Rhoda  M.,  daughter  of  C.  R.  and  Mary  Bardwell, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania  ahcl  Minnesota,  respectively, 
but  now  residents  of  Ritzville,  Washington.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Egbers  are  the  parents  of  six  children,  four  of 
whom  are  living,  as  follows:  Miles  F.,  Mark  W., 
Ruth  L.,  Dwight  S.  Our  subject  and  his  faithful  wife 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  church  and  are  leading 
and  highly  esteemed  people.  In  the  five  conventions 
that  nominated  Mr.  Egbers  he  has  never  had  an  oppos- 
ing vote. 


ANTHONY  A.  SAGE.  Six  and  one-half  miles 
southeast  from  Athol  is  the  estate  of  Anthony  A. 
Sage,  and  it  consists  of  one  section  of  good  land, 
while  his  son  and  daughter  own  enough  adjoining 
to  make  it  fourteen  hundred  acres.  Mr.  Sage  is  one 
of  the  leading  farmers  and  stockmen  of  Kootenai  coun- 
ty, and  he  is  an  upright  and  reliable  man  of  good 
standing. 

Anthony  A.  Sage  was  born  in  Saratoga  county, 
New  York,  on  January  24,  1850,  being  the  son  of 
Nester  and  Susan  (Gray)  Sage,  natives  of  New  York, 
but  emigrants  to  Iowa  in  1848.  They  located  at  Ana- 
niosa  and  there  the  father  wrought  at  the  carpenter 
trade  until  1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Thirty-first 
Iowa  and  fought  for  two  years  and  then  died  at 
Memphis  from  a  disease  contracted  in  his  service. 
In  1866  the  mother  married  again,  I.  N.  Potter  be- 
coming her  husband  and  in  1877  he  died.  She  now 
lives  in  Wyoming  and  last  year  made  a  visit  to  this 
son.  Anthony  received  his  education  in  the  places 
where  the  family  lived  and  after  his  father's  death 
much  of  the  burden  fell  on  him  as  he  was  the  eldest 
son.  After  his  mother's  second  marriage  he  again 
took  up  school  until  eighteen,  when  he  started  for 
himself.  He  rented  land  until  twenty-one,  and  then 
married  and  soon  after  he  was  taken  sick.  By  mis- 
take he  was  given  a  teaspoonful  of  morphine  and  the 
result,  while  not  fatal,  was  such  as  to  aggravate  the 
disease  so  that  he  did  not  recover  for  several  years. 
In  1874  Mr.  Sage  bought  cattle  in  Minnesota  and 
opened  a  butcher  shop  in  St.  Paul,  in  which  his  part- 
ner cheated  him  out  of  his  capital.  Then  he  wrought 
on  the  railroads  in  different  capacities,  especially  in 
the  shops,  both  in  St.  Paul  and  in  Iowa  for  a  number 
of  years  and  then  came  to  Ritzville,  Adams  county, 
Washington.  He  bought  a  half  section  of  land  and 
at  once  started  a  nursery,  seed  farm  and  experiment 
station.  This  was  operated  until  1896,  when  he  sold  i 
out  and  bought  his  present  place.  During  the  stay  ' 
in  Adams  county  Mr.  Sage  also  operated  a  butcher 
shop  in  Ritzville  and  very  much  credit  is  due  him  j 
for  the  excellent  manner  in  which  he  assisted  to  de-  = 
velop  Adams  county,  both  in  general  labors  and  in  his 
experiment  station,  where  untold  benefit  was  done  to 
the  farmers.  He  now  raises  hay,  does  general  farm- 
ing and  handles  stock. 

In    1872    Mr.    Sage    married    Miss    Minerva    A.,    j 
daughter    of    Lemuel    and     Caroline     (Braybender) 
Streeter,    natives    of    Pennsylvania.      To    this    happy 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


union  there  have  been  born  five  children:  Nester  J., 
George  L.,  married  and  living  at  Ritzville ;  Pearl,  wife 
of  R.  E.  Butler,  in  Lincoln  county,  Washington: 
Josie  and  Paul.  Mr.  Sage  is  an  active  Republican 
_and  always  takes  a  prominent  part  in  the  labors  of 
'the  campaign  and  is  an  influential  figure  in  the  con- 
ventions. Air.  Sage  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  Ritz- 
ville Lodge,  No.  36.  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
K.  O.  T.  M..  also  at  Ritzville.  His  people  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Sage  has  manifested 
great  wisdom  and  energy  in  his  labors  in  the  county, 
and  he  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  who  form  the 
bone  and  sinew  of  the  worth  of  the  countv. 


ALFRED  MARTIN.  This  industrious  and  ener- 
getic young  man  is  one  of  the  potent  factors  in  the  de- 
velopment of  northern  Idaho  and  he  has  done  a  good 
part  in  this  work  while  also  he  has  carefully  conserved 
his  business  interests  in  using  his  homestead  right  and 
securing  a  fine  piece  of  land  only  three-fourths  of  a 
mile  south  from  Elmira. 

Alfred  Martin  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Ottawa, 
Canada,  on  April  22,  1873,  being  the  son  of  Joseph 
and  Catherine  (Duncan)  Martin,  natives  of  Canada. 
They  all  came  to  Chattaroy,  Washington,  in  1886,  and 
toiled  there  for  nine  years,  when  they  removed  to 
Spokane.  In  1897  the  parents  came  to  Kootenai  coun- 
ty and  reside  here  now.  They  are  the  parents  of  nine 
children:  John,  in  Spokane;  Alfred,  the  subject  of 
this  article;  Robert,  in  Spokane;  Maggie,  wife  of 
Charles  Glover,  in  Spokane;  Nettie,  wife  of  James 
Fahey,  in  Spokane ;  Minnie,  wife  of  Walter  Geer,  in 
Spokane;  Lizzie,  single,  living  with  her  brother  Al- 
fred ;  Harry,  living  in  Elmira ;  Nellie,  living  with  her 
brother  Alfred.  Our  subject  received  the  educational 
training  to  be  had  from  the  public  schools  and  labored 
with  his  parents  until  twenty-three  and  then  went  to 
work  in  the  woods,  getting  out  poles,  shingle  bolts,  and 
;•  so  forth.  In  1897  he  located  the  homestead  where  now 
he  resides  and  he  has  devoted  himself  to  improving  it 
and  tilling  it  since  that  time.  He  made  his  final  proof 
in  1902.  He  has  some  hay  land,  a  small  orchard,  and 
other  improvements.  Mr.  Martin  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church  and  is  an  exemplary  and  upright  young 
man,  who  has  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  the  com- 


ia  tne  tamer  operated  a  large  narciware 
aore  there.  He  died  in  September,  1871,  his  wife 
having  died  in  March,  1870.  They  were  the  parents 
of  six  children,  Albert,  Charles,  Clarence,  Mayannie, 


Julius  and  James.  All  are  deceased  except  Albert, 
who  is  in  Alaska,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  James 
received  a  high  school  education  and  when  his  par- 
ents died,  he  being  about  thirteen,  he  went  into  the 
woods  to  assist  in  cooking.  Ten  or  more  years  were 
spent  in  this  work  and  cooking  in  a  restaurant,  and 
then  he  came  to  the  Murray  country  and  took  a  placer 
claim.  Selling  this  he  prospected  in  the  Priest  river 
district.  He  took  a  piece  of  land,  but  as  it  was  not 
surveyed  he  sold  his  right  and  went  to  the  head  waters 
of  the  Fraser  river  and  took  a  mining  claim.  This 
was  sold  for  one  hundred  dollars  and  the  next  year 
when  he  went  back  to  it  it  was  worth  fifty  thousand 
dollars.  Some  further  traveling  he  did  and  then  came 
to  his  present  place,  two  and  one-half  miles  west  from 
Athol,  which  he  secured  as  a  homestead.  Mr.  Mc- 
Donald has  improved  it  in  good-  shape  and  last  year 
he  received  over  two  thousand  bushels  of  grain,  which 
will  be  increased  annually.  He  has  good  buildings 
and  raises  some  stock. 

On  July  31,  1896,  Mr.  McDonald  married  Miss 
Cora  M.,  daughter  of  James  K.  and  Mary  (Ray) 
Bailey,  natives  of  Illinois.  They  came  to  Washington 
in  1885  and  located  in  Elma,  where  awful  forest  fires 
raged  since,  but  they  escaped.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McDonald,  Harry  and  Mary  C. 
Politically  Mr.  McDonald  is  a  Republican  and  is  al- 
ways ready  to  bear  his  part  in  the  labor  of  the  cam- 
paigns. He  is  now  clerk  of  the  school  board  and  is 
interested  in  good  schools.  Recently  Mrs.  McDonald 
was  called  away  from  her  home  and  loved  ones  by 
death. 


GEORGE  W.  FLEMMING  is  one  of  the  leading 
lumber  men  of  northern  Idaho,  having  his  outfits  at 
Athol,  where  he  has  made  a  good  success  in  the  years 
gone  by.  He  is  an  industrious  worker  and  displays 
executive  force  and  skill  that  have  enabled  him  to 
handle  other  men  in  the  business  to  a  profit  to  himself. 

George  W.  Flemming  was  born  in  Sherburne  coun- 
ty, Minnessota,  on  September  10,  1862,  being  the  son  of 
Tohn  and  Sarah  J.  (Christie)  Flemming,  natives  of 
Maine  and  New  Brunswick,  respectively.  They  set- 
tled in  Minnesota  in  1856  and  there  they  remained 
until  the  death  of  the  father  in  1877,  ami  two  years 
later  the  mother  passed  away  also.  George  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  place  and  in  Wright  county,  the 
same  state,  whither  his  parents  moved.  When  fifteen 
his  father  died  and  he  went  to  do  for  himself.  For 
seven  years  he  worked  in  the  woods  and  on  the  drive 
and  then  married  Miss  Mary  J.  Borthwick,  a  daughter 
of  Alexander  and  Lydia  (Hix)  Borthwick,  natives  of 
Prince  Edward  Island  and  New  York,  respectively. 
They  came  to  Minnesota  and  there  remained  until 
their  death.  In  1888  Mr.  Flemming  rented  land  and 
farmed  until  1892,  when  he  came  to  Rathdrum.  Two 
years  later  he  was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  his 
wife.  Then  he  returned  to  Minnesota,  spent  a  winter 
hunting  in  northern  Idaho,  spent  some  time  in  Everett, 
Washington,  and  finally  came  back  to  Rathdrum.  He 
spent  a  year  or  so  single  handed  in  the  woods  and  then 


948 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


bought  a  four-horse  outfit  and  went  to  logging.  He 
has  had  some  fine  contracts,  for  the  Rogers  &  Duns- 
more  Mill  Company  to  put  in  all  the  timber  in  one  en- 
tire section,  while  a'lso  for  the  Phoenix  mill  of  Spokane 
he  put  in  seven  hundred  thousand  feet.  Prosperity 
has  attended  him  and  he  is  now  located  three  and  one- 
half  miles  southeast  from  Athol,  where  he  has  prop- 
erty. 

On  May  26,  1898,  Mr.  Flemming  married  Mrs. 
Martha  Waddell,  widow  of  George  Waddell,  of  Rath- 
drum,  and  two  children  have  been  born  to  them,  Mary 
E  and  Cora  D.  By  her  former  husband  Mrs.  Flem- 
ming has  six  children,  Henry,  Ida,  Norah,  Willie, 
Claudie  and  Zollie.  All  are  at  home  with  their  par- 
ents. Mr.  Flemming  was  formerly  a  Republican,  but 
when  die  silver  issue  of  Bryan  came  to  the  front  he 
allied  himself  with  it  and  holds  firmly  on  that  line 
since.  Mr.  Flemming  is  a  man  of  due  conservatism 
and  wisdom,  but  is  dominated  by  a  progressive  spirit 
and  guided  with  a  keen  discrimination  that  have  won 
for  him  his  present  success. 


JOHN  W.  GREAVES.  Although  at  the  present 
time  located  two  miles  southeast  from  Elmira,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  is  nevertheless  a  skillful  and  leading 
seaman  and  has  descended  from  a  family  that  has  for 
three  hundred  years  back  been  seafaring  people  and 
has  furnished  some  of  the  best  men  in  this  line  in  the 
world.  His  people  live  on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic 
sea  and  are  all  sailors,  being  captains,  his  maternal 
uncle  is  a  teacher  in  navigation,  while  several  others  of 
the  relatives  are  also  instructors  in  the  naval  schools. 

John  W.  Greaves  was  born  in  Rigga,  Russia,  on 
November  19,  1865,  the  son  of  Michael  and  Tiney 
(Sholts)  Greaves,  natives  of  Levonia  province,  in 
Russia.  The  father  is  now  farming  and  fishing. 
The  father  was  shipwrecked  in  1871  on  the  coast  of 
Norway  and  lost  his  ship  but  saved  the  crew.  In  1880 
he  was  wrecked  again,  this  time  on  the  coast  of  Den- 
mark, and  the  ship  went  down  but  the  crew  was  saved. 
Then  he  turned  his  attention  to  farming  and  fishing. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
place  and  took  a  thorough  course  in  navigation.  At 
fifteen  he  went  on  board  as  cabin  boy  and  cruised  for 
three  years.  He  was  wrecked  on  January  14,  1886, 
while  sailing  on  the  Sir  Robert  McCluer ;  the  ship  was 
a  total  loss  but  the  crew  were  picked  up  by  a  French 
vessel  four  hours  later.  Returning  to  London,  he 
went  on  board  another  ship  and  came  to  Qubec,  where 
he  farmed  for  about  one  year,  then  railroaded  there 
and  in  Vermont.  Next  we  see  him  in  Boston  where 
he  shipped  to  Savannah,  then  he  worked  in  Birmingham 
mills  for  a  while,  after  which  we  see  him  successively 
in  Memphis,  Tennessee,  Illinois.  Louisanna  and  Utah. 
After  this  he  came  to  Boise,  Idaho,  and  thence  to 
Portland  in  1889.  He  assisted  to  build  the  Union 
Pacific  railroad  to  that  city,  then  came  to  Washington, 
and  later  harvested  in  Walla  Walla.  He  went  thence 
to  Bonner's  Ferry,  then  worked  in  British  Columbia 


and  then  returned  to  Peck  river,  Idaho,  where  he  took 
a  squatter's  right,  but  finding  it  railroad  land,  he  re- 
moved to  his  present  place'  and  since  that  time  he  has 
continued  in  this  place.  Mr.  Greaves  has  a  fine  body 
if  timber,  perhaps  as  excellent  as  can  be  found  in  the 
ounty.  Mr.  Greaves  has  part  of  his  land  under  cul-' 
tivation  and  also  raises  some  stock  and  pays  consider- 
able attention  to  lumbering.  He  is  genial  and  well 
liked  and  is  an  upright  and  substantial  man.  Mr. 
Greaves  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church  and  is  a 
progressive  and  capable  man. 


JOHN  McILHARGEY.  Among  the  industrious 
and  intelligent  men  of  Kootenai  county,  we  are  glad 
to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  who  is  well 
known  and  esteemed  by  his  fellows. 

John  Mcllhargey  was  born  in  Huron  county,  Michi- 
gan, on  October  30,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Mary  (Young)  Mcllhargey,  natives  of  Canada 
and  Ireland,  respectively.  The  mother  came  to  Can- 
ada when  five  years  old  and  was  married  there  in  1858 
and  they  at  once  removed  to  Huron  county,  Michigan. 
In  1882  they  removed  thence  to  Duluth,  Minnesota, 
where  they  still  reside,  the  father  being  engaged  in 
lumbering.  John  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and 
labored  in  the  woods  there  until  1881,  when  he  went  to 
Wisconsin  and  did  lumbering  work  until  1888.  Next 
we  see  him  in  Sandpoint  and  there  he  wrought  at  the 
same  work  until  1898.  At  that  date  Mr.  Mcllhargey 
took  his  present  homestead,  two  and  one-half  miles 
north  from  Elmira,  and  to  the  improvement  and  culti- 
vation of  this  he  has  devoted  his  energies  since.  He 
has  nearly  all  of  the  farm  under  cultivation,  raises 
many  vegetables  for  market  and  handles  some  stock.  3 
He  has  good  buildings  and  the  farm  bears  the  air  of 
thrift  and  painstaking  care. 

In  November,  1886,  Mr.  Mcllhargey  married  Miss 
Lizzie,    daughter   of   George   and   Margarie    (Brice)  j 
Maxwell,  natives  of  Scotland.     The  mother  died  in  j 
her  native  land  while  the  father  came  with  his  family 
to  Wisconsin  in  1884,  and  there  died  in   1896.     One 
child  has  been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife,  Viola  j 
M.  M.,  now  attending  school.     Mr.  Mcllhargey  is  a  j 
Democrat  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  . 
the  county.    He  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  j 
Martha,   wife  of   lames   Lahey,  in  Kootenai  county; 
Viola  M.,  wife  of   George  Conners,  of  this  county;  3 
Charles  E.,  single,  living  in  Duluth,  Minnesota;  James 
T.  L.,  living  in  Duluth ;  Egnitious,  married  and  living 
in  North  Dakota  ;  William,  single,  and  living  in  Duluth, 
Minnesota. 


ROBERT  McLELLAN.  Three  and  one-half- 
miles  west  from  Athol  lies  the  fine  estate  of  Mr.  Me- ": 
Lellan.  It  consists  of  one-half  section  of  land,  half  or 
which  was  taken  as  a  homestead.  Good  buildings  and 

one  of  the  excellent  places  in  this  section.     Mr.  Me- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Lellan  has  shown  commendable  zeal  as  well  as  wis- 
dom and  skill  in  making  his  place  one  of  the  best  and 
among  the  special  features  are  the  large  barn  forty  by 
forty-five  and  a  cistern  that  holds  two  hundred  barrels. 
He  does  a  general  farming  business  and  also  raises 
stock. 

Robert  McLellan  was  born  in  county  of  Lanark, 
Canada,  on  April  3,  1839,  being  the  son"  of  John  and 
Ellen  (Fleming)  McLellan,  natives  of  f Scotland  and 
immigrants  to  Canada  in  1812.  Robert  received  a  good 
education  and  then  labored  on  the  farm  with  his  father, 
clearing  the  land  and  making  potash.  He  was  skillful 
at  that  and  after  he  had  reached  his  majority  he  con- 
tinued at  it  for  some  three  or  four  years.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1865  and  rafted 'in  Minnesota,  then 
turned  his  attention  to  farming  for  a  dozen  years.  It 
was  1885  that  he  came  to  Spokane  and  worked  at  the 
carpenter  trade,  after  which  he  did  timber  work  for  a 
few  years  and  then  took  the  homestead  mentioned 
above.  He  has  continued  here  since  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  community,  a  man  of  substantial 
worth.  His  farm  is  largely  under  cultivation  and  an 
air  of  thrift  and  excellent  taste  pervades  the  entire 

In  1866  Mr.  McLellan  married  Miss  Ellen,  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  and  Mary  (Mathis)  Ferguson,  natives 
of  Canada,  where  they  farmed  until  their  death,  hav- 
ing raised  a  family  of  eight  children.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  this  household,  Mary  A.,  wife  of 
William  Ferguson  and  living  in  Canada;  John,  with 
his  parents ;  Ellen,  wife  of  Mr.  Dote,  in  Libby,  Mon- 
tana. In  political  matters,  Mr.  Lellan  is  a  liberal 
Democrat  and  always  allies  himself  on  the  side  of 
good  government. 


HENRY  GECK.  It  is  not  frequent  to  have  an 
opportunity  to  chronicle  the  career  of  one  who  has 
devoted  so  many  years  in  the  military  service  of  his 

a  more  minute  detail  of  the  matter  will  be  interesting 
to  the  readers  of  the  history  of  northern  Idaho. 

Henry  Geek  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  on  May 
18,  1840.  the-  son  of  Charles  and  Lizzie  (Veidener) 
Geek,  who  remained  in  Baden  until  the  time  of  their 
death.  Henry  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  native  place  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  learned 
the  baker's  trade,  then  went  to  Vienna,  Austria,  until 
he  was  twenty  and  at  that  time  returned  to  his  home. 
After  this  he  served  three  years  in  the  German  army 
and  then  migrated  to  the  United  States.  He  landed 
here  in  1864  and  two  clays  later  was  in  the  ranks  under 
General  Burnside  in  the  Forty-sixth  New  York  Infan- 
try and  was  fighting  for  the  stars  and  stripes.  He 
showed  his  loyalty  in  many  hard  contested  fields,  be- 
ing a  participant  in  the  battles  of  Nashville.  Fredericks- 
burg,  Cold  Harbor,  the  Wilderness,  Petersburg,  in 
which  last  fight  he  was  wounded  three  times.  Two 
months  in  the  hospital  and  he  rejoined  his  regiment. 
September  26,  1865,  he  enlisted  ifl  the  regular  army 
and  served  for  thirty  years.  He  was  on  the  ground 


where  the  brave  Custer  fell,  four  days  after  the  massa- 
cre, being  under  General  McKenzie.  Mr.  Geek  has 
been  quartered  in  every  fort  in  the  United  States  and 
for  twenty-three  years  he  was  in  the  Twenty-third 
Cavalry.  His  record  is  exceptionally  good  and  he  has 
shown  himself  to  have  been  a  faithful  and  brave  sol- 
dier, a  good  and  upright  man,  and  loyal  and  true  to  the 
noble  flag  of  our  country. 

In  1890  Mr.  Geek  was  quartered  at  Fort  Sherman 
and  in  1893  he  was  retired  as  a  veteran  on  a  stipend 
for  life,  of"  twenty-five  dollars  and  twenty-five  cents  per 
month.  Mr.  Geek  has  a  fine  homestead  on  Fish  lake 
and  spends  his  time  there  and  in  Coeur  d'Alene  and 
Rathdrmn.  He  is  esteemed  by  all  and  is  governed  by 
sound  principles  and  dominated  with  wisdom  in  all  of 
his  walk.  Mr.  Geek  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Gar- 
field  Post,  at  Rathdrum  and  is  a  man  of  excellent  stand- 
ing and  enjoys  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  all  who 
know  him. 


DUNCAN  S.  McKENZIE.  A  pioneer  in  many 
sections  of  the  west  where  he  has  followed  the  ardu- 
ous labor  of  prospecting  and  thus  opened  many  sec- 
tions to  the  ingress  of  civilization,  and  now  a  worthy 
and  enterprising  citizen  of  Kootenai  county,  we  are 
pleased  to  grant  to  the  subject  of  this  article  a  repre- 
sentation in  the  volume  of  his  county  history. 

Duncan  S.  McKenzie  was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich- 
igan, on  October  7,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Daniel  and 
Catherine  (Stalker)  McKenzie,  natives  of  Scotland. 
The  parents  came  to  America  in  1852  and  dwelt  in 
Michigan  for  about  fourteen  years,  then  migrated  to 
Kansas  and  there  lived  in  Rice  county  until  1896.  The 
father  died  in  1890  and  the  mother  moved  to  Elmira 
where  she  now  lives,  having  married  William  Scott. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Detroit  and  at 
the  early  age  of  eleven  he  went  to  Texas  and  for  ten 
years  could  have  been  found  in  the  employ  of  John 
King,  one  of  the  leading  cattle  men  of  the  west,  where 
he  became  skillful  in  all  departments  of  the  cattle  busi- 
ness. Then  he  went  to  work  for  McKenny  and  soon 
found  that  his  employer  was  one  of  the  noted  horse 
thieves  of  the  state  of  Texas  and  so  his  relations  were 
forthwith  severed.  Thence  Mr.  McKenzie  went  to 
New  Mexico.  Colorado,  Montana,  Utah  and  other 
places,  prospecting,  and  during  this  time  he  made  some 
good  locations.  In  1894  he  came  to  Idaho  and  spent 
his  time  between  prospecting  and  lumbering  until 
rSgg,  when  he  located  his  present  homestead,  two  and 
one  half  miles  south  from  Elmira.  Mr.  McKenzie  has 
good  buildings,  and  raises  considerable  hay. 

In  1890,  Mr.  McKenzie  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Cobb,  of  Pool,  England,  where  her  people  remained 
until  the  time  of  their  death.  To  our  subject  and  his 
worthy  wife  there  have  been  born  three  children,  Cath- 
erine, John,  and  Daniel.  In  political  matters,  Mr.  Mc- 
Kenzie is  an  intelligent  Democrat  and  always  takes  the 
part  of  the  interested  citizen.  He  has  held  the  office  of 
school  director  and  is  zealous  for  good  facilities  in  that 
line,  has  frequently  been  urged  to  hold  other  offices  but 
always  refuses.  Mr.  McKnezie  is  a  member  of  the  I. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


JAMES  M.  STONE.  In  the  enterprising  little  vil- 
lage of  Elmira  is  the  subject  of  our  sketch  located,  hav- 
ing a  hotel,  which  is  handled  in  good  shape  while  also 
he  devotes  some  time  to  overseeing  his  ranch  property 
which  adjoins  the  town  site.  Also  Mr.  Stone  has  in- 
vested in  other  property,  having  good  faith  in  the  coun- 
try and  is  an  enthusiastic  worker  in  helping  to  build  it 
up ;  and  it  is  just  such  workers  that  transform  the  wilds 
to  rich  regions. 

James  M.  Stone  was  born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  on 
February  6,  1866,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Ellen 
(Sloan)  Stone,  natives  of  England  and  Ireland,  respec- 
tively. They  came  to  Canada  and  located  in  Sault 
Ste  Marie  and  ten  years  later  removed  to  Cleveland, 
where  they  still  live,  the  father  operating  a  grocery  and 
feed  store.  Five  children,  as  follows,  were  born  to  this 
worthy  couple,  Daniel,  in  South  America;  James  M., 
our  subject ;  Jane,  married  and  living  in  Los  Angeles, 
California;  Mary,  Martha,  both  single  and  living  with 
their  parents.  James  studied  in  the  public  schools  until 
seventeen  and  then  worked  with  his  father  one  year 
more,  when  he  went  to  Colorado  and  labored  in' the 
mines  and  in  the  lumber  regions  for  five  years.  In 
1887  he  came  to  western  Washington  and  there 
wrought,  mostly  in  King  county,  until  1897,  when  he 
came  to  his  present  location.  He  purchased  the  relin- 
quishment  of  a  settler  and  since  that  time  has  been  an 
influential  factor  in  the  development  of  this  virgin  re- 
gion. Mr.  Stone  is  doing  well  and  is  making  his  ef- 
forts felt  in  his  worthy  work  of  progress. 

In  December,  1896,  Mr.  Stone  married  Mrs.  Emily 
Dorn,  daughter  of  John  and  Emily  Buchholz,  who  came 
to  this  country  but  returned  to  Dantzic,  Germany, 
where  they  now  reside,  Mr.  Buchholz  being  a  mill- 
wright. Mrs.  Stone  was  born  in  Germany.  They 
have  one  child,  Elizabeth.  Mr.  Stone  is  a  real  Jeffer- 
sonian  Democrat  and  takes  the  part  of  the  intelligent 
citizen  in  the  questions  of  the  day. 


JOHN  C.  GRANT.  A  man  of  broad  and  varied 
experiences  in  the  affairs  of  life,  successful  in  busi- 
ness, true  and  loyal  as  a  friend  and  public  spirited  and 
patriotic  as  a  citizen,  the  gentleman  whom  we  now  con- 
sider, is  eminently  fitted  for  representation  in  the 
history  of  Kootenai  county. 

John  C.  Grant  was  bo'rn  on  Faro  Island  on  August 
5,  1842,  being  the  son  of  Iver  and  Mary  (McGovern) 
Grant,  natives  of  Scotland,  which  continued  to  be  their 
home  until  1868,  when  they  removed  to  Australia. 
The  father  was  a  sea  captain  and  followed  a  seafaring 
life  for  forty-five  years.  They  died  in  Australia,  hav- 
ing been  the  parents  of  eight  children,  Emma,  Carrie, 


Bridget,  Arlo.  John  C.,  Peter  C.,  Sarah,  Valberg,  all 
deceased  except  the  subject  of  this  article.  When 
John  was  a  small  child  the  parents  removed  to  Scot- 
land and  there  he  was  educated  and  when  twelve  went 
on  a  voyage  with  his  father  around  the  world.  One 
year  was  occupied  in  this  and  then  he  sailed  with  his 
father  until  twenty.  Then  he  sailed  with  Captain 
Bertrand  Wallace  three  years,  with  Captain  Alfred  An- 
derson one  year,  with  Captain  Travis  for  one  year,  and 
with  Captain  Jordan  a  short  time.  Then  he  made  a 
trip  around  the  world  again  with  his  father  and  came 
back  to  England,  whence  he  came  to  his  oldest  brother 
in  Wisconsin.  Our  subject  then,  it  being  1872,  took 
up  railroad  contracting  and  for  twelve  years  he  was 
busy  in  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota,  working  on  every 
railroad  in  those  states  up  to  the  time  he  quit.  The 
next  move  was  to  Devils  lake,  where  Mr.  Grant  took 
a  preemption  and  farmed  for  four  years.  Then  he 
railroaded  again,  Montana  being  the  place,  after 
which,  in  1894,  he  came  to  Hope,  Idaho,  thence  to  El- 
mira, where  he  settled  on  a  homestead.  In  Februarv, 
1899,  Mr.  Grant  was  appointed  postmaster,  which  im- 
portant office  he  still  holds.  He  also  operated  as  a 
general  merchant  but  in  1901  Mr.  Grant  turned  his 
whole  attention  to  tilling  and  improving  his  home- 
stead. He  has  made  it  a  fine  property.  Politically, 
Mr.  Grant  is  an  active  Republican  and  'in  school  mat- 
ters he  has  always  been  zealous,  having  been  the  mov- 
ing spirit  to  establish  the  first  school  in  Elmira.  At 
present,  Mr.  Grant  is  justice  of  the  peace  and  is  very 
efficient  in  this  capacity.  Mr.  Grant  is  a  man  of  in- 
telligence and  stability  and  is  highly  respected  among 
his  fellows. 


JAMES  C.  FERGUSON.  One-half  mile  east 
from  Elmira  is  located  the  home  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  The  estate  is  now  one  of  value,  but  was  taken 
from  the  wilds  of  nature  as  a  homestead  and  upon  It 
Mr.  Ferguson  has  bestowed  much  labor  and  expense. 
He  now  has  fifty  acres  under  cultivation,  is  putting 
out  a  good  orchard,  has  erected  a  comfortable  resi- 
dence, good  barns  and  outbuildings  and  is  making 
the  place  a  desirable  and  profitable  property. 

James  C.  Ferguson  was  born  in  Canada,  April  15, 
1837,  being  the  son  of  Hugh  and  Rose  (Colgan)  Fer- 
guson, natives  of  Ireland  but  immigrants  to  Canada 
in  1824,  where  they  resided  for  forty  years.  Then  they 
removed  to  Brant,  Bruce  county  and  lived  there  fif- 
teen years,  the  father  dying  there  in  1883,  the  mother 
having  passed  away  at  their  first  residence.  James 

teen  married  and  settled  down  to  farming.  Twenty- 
two  years  he  farmed  in  Bruce  county  and  then  removed 
to  Swift  county,  Minnesota,  and  tilled  the  soil  for 
four  years.  1882  was  the  date  of  his  removal  to 
.Montana  and  for  fifteen  years  Mr.  Ferguson  was  en- 
gaged there  in  railroading.  It  was  1887  that  he 
came  to  Sandpoint  and  there  resided  until  1899,  when 
he  came  to  his  present  place,  taking  it  as  a  homestead, 
and  purchased  more  land  of  the  railroad. 

On  October  6,  1856,  Mr.  Ferguson  married  Miss 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Ann,  daughter  of  James  and  Catherine  (Delemore) 
Riley,  natives  of  Ireland.  They  came  to  Canada  in 
about  1824,  and  there  remained  until  the  time  of  their 
death.  Our  worthy  subject  and  his  estimable  wife 
are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  named  as  follows : 
Rose,  wife  of  Mike  Hanley,  living  in  Tacoma,  Wash- 
ington ;  Kate,  married  to  Tom  Cox,  at  Portland,  Ore- 
gon; Hugh,  killed  on  the  Northern  Pacific,  in  Miles, 
Montana ;  James,  living  at  Blacktail,  Idaho  ;  Mary,  wife 
of  William  Harwood,  in  Mullan,  Idaho:  Charlotte, 
single  and  living  at  Lakeview,  Idaho:  John,  single 
and  living  in  Mullan,  Idaho;  Mike,  single  and  living 
in  Sandpoint;  Hattie,  in  Portland,  Oregon,  with  her 
sister;  Thomas  and  Edna,  both  deceased.  Mr.  Fer- 
guson is  independent  politically,  and  takes  a  zealous 
interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  county.  He  and  his  fam- 
ily are  adherents  of  the  Catholic  church.  He  is  a 
man  of  industry  and  substantiality  and  is  of  good 
standing  among  his  fellows. 

He  bought  the  land  now  partly  occupied  by  Sand- 
point,  of  the  railroad   company. 


LOUIS  LA  VERGNE.  There  are  no  people  who 
.  do  more  to  open  new  countries  than  the  miners.  They 
have  pressed  into  the  fastnesses  of  the  globe,  have 
climbed  its  mountains,  searched  its  river  beds,  bored 
the  rock-ribbed  hills  and  ransacked  nature  generally, 
and  to  them  is  great  credit  due  for  the  energy,  skill  and 
tireless  enterprise  manifested  in  this  good  work  which 
not  only  yields  great  wealth  to  the  nation  but  also 
opens  the  way  for  many  thousands  of  settlers  who  still 
further  develop  the  country.  One  of  the  sturdy 
western  lads  who  has  displayed  stanch  qualities  in  this 
line  of  industry  is  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this  article 
and  he  is  deserving  of  representation  in  the  history 
of  his  county. 

Louis  La  Vergne  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  on 
July  7,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Bazil  and  Mary  La 
Vergne.  At  the  early  age  of  fourteen  he  took  up  the 


ing  and  invigorating  life  of  the  rafter  on  the 
Ottawa  river,  going  five  hundred  miles  to  the  interior 
and  bringing  timber  to  Quebec,  making  one  trip  each 
year.  It  is  a  life  of  great  hardship  and  danger.  The 
last  year  he  went  to  the  woods  and  worked  for  nine 
dollars  per  month.  In  1877  Mr.  La  Vergne  determined 
to  seek  new  fields  and  accordingly  came  to  Butte 
county,  California,  where  he  mined  and  remained  un- 
til he  received  his  citizenship  papers.  In  1886  while 
he  was  in  California  his  two  brothers,  Oscar  and  Fred, 
came  to  Murray  and  mined  and  in  1888  he  joined  them 
there  taking  part  in  mining  also.  Our  subject  was 
prospecting  at  the  time  of  the  strike  at  Wardner. 
Since  that  time  he  has  been  active  in  the  prospector's 
realm  and  has  searched  the  country  well  adjacent  to 
the  Couer  d'Alene  river.  He  now  has  nine  promising 
claims  near  Lane  and  also  has  an  interest  in  the  well 
known  Hidden  Treasure,  which  is  doubtless  to  be  one 
of  the  valuable  mines  of  this  district.  Some  of  his 
claims  are  adjoining  the  Hidden  Treasure  and  are 
properties  which  will  doubtless  make  good  payers 


later.  Mr.  La  Vergne  is  a  man  who  has  the  esteem 
and  confidence  of  his  fellows,  has  wrought  with  energy 
and  skill  and  manifested  integrity  and  intrinsic  worth 
of  character.  He  is  making  his  home  with  his  brother, 
who  has  a  homestead  about  one  and  one-half  miles 
northwest  from  Lane. 


WILLIS  H.  COOK  is  one  of  the  men  who  has 
ably  assisted  to  open  up  this  country  of  northern  Idaho 
and  is  now  one  of  the  substantial  and  active  residents 
of  the  vicinity  of  Elmira,  his  ranch  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  being  located  one  mile  north  of  town. 

Willis  H.  Cook  was  born  on  June  13,  1867,  being 
the  son  of  John  A.  and  Mary  E.  (Morlan)  Cook,  na- 
tives respectively  of  Kentucky  and  Maryland.  They 
came  to  Adair  county,  Missouri,  and  there  the  father 
died  in  Tune,  1902,  but  the  mother  still  lives  on  the 
old  homestead.  '  The  father  served  in  the  Civil  war. 
Children  were  born  to  them  as  follows:  George  W., 
John,  Fenley,  Fanny,  all  in  Missouri;  Permealy,  de- 
ceased. Macon  county  was  the  native  place  of  our 
subject  and  when  young  he  went  with  his  parents  to 
Adair  county.  He  obtained  his  education  from  the' 
district  schools  in  the  winter  and  remained  working 
with  his  father  until  twenty-two,  excepting  some  time 
spent  in  working  out.  In  1885  he  went  to  Colorado 
and  spent  two  years  on  the  range,  then  two  years  at 
home  and  next  we  see  him  in  Spokane.  He'  took  a 

in  the  spring  of  1890,  he  "came  to  Elmira.  He  labored 
in  the  woods  in  the  winters  and  harvested  in  the 
Palouse  in  the  summers,  then  took  a  squatter's  right 
on  unsurveyed  land.  This  was  sold  in  1897  and  in  1901 
Mr.  Cook  took  his  present  place,  which  he  has 'im- 
proved with  good  buildings,  orchard  and  so  forth. 

On  November  7,  1899,  Mr.  Cook  married  Miss 
Effie,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Allen) 
Peasley,  natives  of  Maine.  They  came  to  Wisconsin 
and  thence,  in  1894,  to  Idaho,  settling  in  Kootenai 
county,  where  the  mother  still  lives.  The  father  was 
killed  in  the  gold  excitement  at  Pikes  Peak.  One 
child  has  been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  estimable 
wife,  John  A.  Mr.  Cook  is  a  charter  member  of  the 
M.  W.  A.  at  Deep  Creek. 


JERRY  RICHMOND.  In  the  dual  occupation  of 
overseeing  his  farm  and  handling  a  general  merchan- 
dise establishment  at  Naples,  the  subject  of  this  arti- 
cle is  engaged  at  the  present  time,  and  he  has  the 
distinction  of  being  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  this 
section  and  his  hands  have  done  a  lion's  share  in' 
opening  up  the  country  for  the  ingress  of  civilization's 
benefits. 

jerry  Richmond  was  born  in  Northumberland, 
Canada;  on  February  21,  1838,  being  the  son  of  R.  C. 
and  Alary  (Alley) '  Richmond,  natives  of  the  same 
place.  Later  they  removed  to  Isabella  county,  Michigan 
and  there  the  father  died  in  1895,  and  the  mother  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1890,  after  having  raised  nine  children.  Terry  was 
educated  in  the  schools  available  to  his  native 'place, 
but  at  the  best  they  were  poor,  as  the  country  was  new 
and  so  personal  effort  and  careful  application  were 
needed  to  gain  this  training.  He  learned  the  car- 
penter trade  and  working  at  this  and  lumbering  he 
was  occupied  until  twenty-two,  then  he  worked  for 
himself  until  1868  in  the  same  lines  and  at  that  date 
went  to  Woodford  and  operated  a  hotel  for  a  year. 
Retiring  from  that  he  went  to  Mount  Pleasant,  Michi- 
gan, where  he  bought  a  very  valuable  stallion  which 
he  later  traded  for  a  forty  of  land.  Selling  the  land 
for  five  hundred  dollars,  "he  drove  stage  and  carried 
mail  for  a  year  and  ten  years  later  he  went  to  Ne- 
braska, and  soon  after  came  to  Idaho.  He  had  also 
one  time  kept  hotel.  He  spent  one  winter  in  Bonners 
Ferry  and  waited  in  a  hotel,  then  made  gloves  one 
winter  at  Deep  Creek,  Idaho,  and  in  1884,  Mr.  Rich- 
mond located  on  his  present  homestead.  It  is  the  land 
where  Naples  stands  and  he  has  laid  a  portion  of  the 
ground  into  lots,  renting  to  business  men.  In  1896 
Mr.  Richmond  opened  a  general  merchandise  store 
and  since  that  time  he  has  conducted  it  with  his  son. 
They  are  doing  a  nice  business  and  Mr.  Richmdnd 
is  well  liked  in  all  the  surrounding  country. 

In  1868  Mr.  Richmond  married  Miss  Anna  J.  Mor- 
row, a  native  of  Orangeville,  Canada,  where  also  she 
was  reared  and  her  parents  also  died  there.  One 
child  has  been  born  to  this  marriage,  William  A.,  mar- 
ried and  living  with  his  parents,  and  also  is  interested 
in  the  store.  Mr.  Richmond  is  a  Republican  and  takes 
an  active  part  in  the  realm  of  politics. 


PETER  G.  JOHNSON.  In  the  development  and 
progress  of  northern  Idaho,  the  subject  of  this  article 
has  done  a  good  part  and  is  now  one  of  the  substan- 
iial  and  respected  citizens  of  Naples,  in  Kootenai  coun- 
ty. Mr.  Johnson  has  a  fine  farm  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  which  he  is  fast  improving,  having  a  fine 
house,  good  barn  and  outbuildings,  while  he  is  also 
handling  a  considerable  orchard. 

Peter  G.  Johnson  was  born  in  Kalmar,  Sweden,  on 
February  8,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Johans  and  Ava 
Johnson^  both  natives  of  the  same  place.  The  father 
died  in  1867  and  the  mother  still  lives  there.  Six  chil- 
dren were  born  in  the  family  and  five  of  them  are 
still  living.  Peter  received  his  education  from  the 
careful  teaching  of  his  mother,  there  being  no  availa- 
fcle  schools  there.  At  the  early  age  of  eleven  he  went 
to  work  on  the  neighboring  farms  and  in  1882  came 
.to  Chicago,  there  being  employed  until  he  made  his 
way  to  Colorado,  whence  he  came  to  Soda  Springs, 
Idaho,  and  thence  to  Dillon,  Montana.  In  all  these 
places  he  was  engaged  in  labor  for  wages  and  did 
well.  In  Dillon,  Mr.  Johnson  spent  ten  years  on  a 
farm  and  in  1894  he  came  to  Sunset,  Washington, 
and  thence  to  his  present  location,  where  he  has  pros- 
pered, owing  to  his  industry,  thrift  and  wisdom  in 
handling  the  resources  placed  at  his  disposal. 


In  1887  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss  Manda  Peter- 
son, a  native  of  Kalmar,  Sweden.  Her  father  died 
there  in  1886,  and  her  mother  is  still  living  there. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  happy  union- 
Alfred  H.  and  Edwin,  both  attending  school.  Mr.  John- 
son is  a  liberal  Republican  and  reserves  for  his  own 
decision  the  questions  of  the  day,  not  pinning  his  faith 
to  the  tenets  of  any  man.  He  is  a  charter  member  of 
the  Northern  Lodge,  No.  81,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F..  at 
Deep  Creek,  Idaho. 


DAVID  BROWN.  One  mile  north  of  Medimont, 
on  the  north  side  of  the  river  is  found  the  home  place 
of  the  subject  of  this  article.  He  has  a  fine  estate  of 
two  hundred  and  fifty-two  acres  of  valuable  land 
which  annually  returns  abundant  crops  of  general  pro- 
duce, hay  and  fruit. 

David  Brown  was  born  in  Belleville,  Ontario,  on 
September  18,  1852,  being  the  son  of  James  and 
Mary  Brown.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  place 
and  there  learned  the  trade  of  making  galvanized 
cornice  and  ornamental  work  for  building.  In  1880 
he  went  to  Winnipeg  and  opened  business  also  han- 
dling hardware.  He  operated  here  for  five  years  and 
then  went  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  went  into  part- 
nership with  his  brother,  Alex  F.,  establishing  a  good 
business.  The  winter  following  the  big  fire  in  Spo- 
kane he  came  thither  and  did  well  at  his  trade.  The 
firm  was  known  as  Brown  Brothers  and  continued  un- 
til 1891,  when  our  subject  withdrew  and  came  to  the 
Couer  d'Alene  county.  He  located  a  portion  of  his  pres- 
ent fine  estate  as  a  homestead  and  bought  the  balance  of 
it  later.  He  has  a  fine  house,  large  barn,  two  good  or- 
chards and  is  a  well-to-do  resident,  being  also  a  man  of 
excellent  integrity,  uprightness  and  sound  principles. 
Mr.  Brown  has  some  fine,  thoroughbred  Shorthorn 
cattle.  He  is  considered  one  of  the  leading  men  of 
the  community  both  as  a  man  and  thrifty  agriculturist. 

In  1900  Mr.  Brown  took  a  trip  east,  going  clear  to 
his  native  place  to  see  his  mother.  He  visited  all  the 
large  cities  between  here  and  there  and  also  took  in  the 
Pan-American  exposition.  He  spent  considerable 
time  traveling  and  then  came  home  satisfied  that  we 
have  in  this  valley  one  of  the  best  countries  he  has 


WALKER  REID  DAVIS  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial and  prominent  residents  of  the  Couer  d'Alene  val- 
ley and  is  respected  and  esteemed  by  all.  He  was 
born  in  Maysville,  Kentucky,  on  July  25,  1846.  being 
the  son  of  Dr.  James  M.  and  Catherine  (Tebbs)  Davis. 
The  father  was  a  native  of  Ohio  and  a  graduate  of 
the  medical  college  of  Cincinnati.  He  at  once  com- 
nenced  the  practice  of  medicine  after  his  graduation 
ind  located  in  Maysville.  When  our  subject  was  ten 
the  family  went  to  St.  Louis  where  he  received  a  good 
idemic  education  and  then  commenced  the  study 
of  law.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  war  he  en- 
listed for  three  months  in  a  company  of  the  First  Mis- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


souri  Cavalry  in  the  Confederate  army  and  when  those 
three  months  were  up  he  enlisted  for  three  years  in 
Elijah  Gates'  regiment.  He  was  in  Price's  army  and 
fought  in  the  battles  of  Springfield,  Pea  Ridge,  Mem- 
phis, luka  and  at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg.  In  1862 
he  was  promoted  to  corporal  and  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  luka.  He  was  also  in  the  battle  of  Mur- 
freesboro.  He  served  faithfully  to  the  end  of  his 
enlistment  and  in  1864  was  captured  and  taken  to 
Memphis  where  he  took  the  oath  of  allegiance.  Then 
he  went  with  mule  team  to  Alder  Gulch,  Montana,  and 
although  the  Indians  were  hostile,  he  came  through 
with  no  loss.  He  mined  for  five  years  and  in  1869 
went  to  the  Whitepine  excitement  in  Nevada.  The 
next  year  Mr.  Davis  took  a  position  with  an  art  and 
music  house  and  travelled  all  over  the  west.  During 
this  time  he  met  Miss  Josephine,  youngest  daughter  of 
Resin  and  Susan  Reed,  pioneers  of  1847  m  Oregon, 
who  settled  on  a  donation  claim  where  Oakland  now 
stands.  On  January  10,  1877,  Mr.  Davis  married  this 
lady  and  to  them  have  been  born  the  following  named 
children:  Susan  L.,  teaching  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
public  schools  ;  Martha,  attending  school  in  California  : 
Charles  R.  and  Volney  D.,  in  Murray ;  Grace,  attend- 
ing school  in  Couer  d'Alene ;  Maud,  Mazel,  Pritchard. 
Mrs.  Davis  was  born  on  the  old  donation  claim  on 
July  26,  1858.  After  marriage,  Mr.  Davis  engaged  in 
raising  horses  and  in  1879  came  to  the  vicinity  of 
Farmington,  in  Idaho.  In  1883  he  leased  his  horses 
and  went  to  the  Couer  d'Alene  country  in  the  first 
excitement.  Later  he  was  in  litigation  with  Mr. 


Pritch; 


:ably  and  became  partners.  Mr.  Davis  located  the 
Occident  which  he  sold  well.  He  is  now  interested 
in  the  Rising  Sun  and  Denver  properties  and  also 
holds  a  large  interest  in  the  Murraj  Development 
Company.  '  Mr.  Davis  bought  his  present  place,  eight 
miles  up  the  river  from  Harrison,  on  the  north  side 
of  the  river,  in  1898.  He  has  a  valuable  farm,  good 
large  residence,  two  barns  and  ten  acres  of  orchards, 
besides  much  other  valuable  improvement.  Mr. 
Davis  also  has  a  homestead  near.  He  does  general 
farming  and  raises  catle.  having  some  good  grades. 
Mr.  Davis  was  named  after  Walker  Reid  of  Mays- 
ville,  who  is  his  cousin.  Mr.  Davis  is  also  related  to 
General  Smoothe,  of  Virginia,  and  to  Colonel  John 
Reid  of  Price's  army. 


TIMOTHY  MCCARTHY  is  one  of  the  well 
known  men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  having  been 
a  prominent  miner  and  prospector  since  the  earliest 
discoveries  here  and  is  still  interested  in  some  good 
properties  as  the  Flynn  group.  Mr.  McCarthy  is  now 
living  on  his  valuable  estate  one  mile  north  from  Lane 
on  the  north  side  of  the  Couer  d'Alene  river,  where  he 


has 


handles  much  hay  from  his  land. 

A  detailed  account  of  his  career  will  be  interesting 
to  the  pioneers  of  our  county  and  we  append  the  same. 
Timothy  McCarthy  was  born  in  county  Cork.  Ireland, 
in  the  early  fifties.  In  1874  he  boarded  a  sailing  vessel 


for  New  Zealand  and  has  never  seen  his  native  land 
since.  He  had  a  stormy  voyage  of  one  hundred  and 
four  days.  He  spent  two  years  in  that  land  after 
which  he  went  to  Melbourne,  intending  to  go  to  the 
Hokinson  gold  fields  in  Queensland,  but  turned  aside 
to  work  for  Samuel  McCaughey,  now  the  largest  sheep 
owner  in  the  world.  In  1880  he  boarded  the  steamer 
City  of  Sidney,  and  came  to  San  Francisco  touching 
at  Auckland  and  also  at  Honolulu,  where  he  went  to 
see  the  extinct  crater  near  by.  He  spent  about  three 
years  in  California  and  then  came  to  Rathdrum.  On 
January  23,  1884,  he  set  out  with  an  old  miner,  Alex- 
ander Fraser,  with  their  equipment  on  sleds  to  Coeur 
d'Alene  city.  They  packed  their  blankets  to  Wolf 
Lodge  which  Mr.  McCarthy  says  he  thought  the  most 
dismal  place  he  has  seen  in  his  travels  and  thought  at 
that  time  he  could  not  spend  more  than  three  months 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  but  he  is  here  yet, — so 
much  for  first  impressions — and  he  likes  the  country 
too.  At  Old  Mission  he  met  Judge  Clagget  and  other 
noted  ones  of  this  country,  and  at  Old  Mission  they 
forded  the  river  and  before  they  touched  the  Evolu- 
tion trail  they  had  forded  the 'stream  eleven  times. 
Such  were  the  hardships  of  the  early  and  intrepid  pio- 
neers. They  fell  in  with  Captain  Human's  pack  train 
which  was  the  first  to  cross  the  mountains  that  winter, 
and  when  he  got  to  Eagle  City  he  began  the  search  for 
placer,  but  later  turned  his  attention  to  quartz.  In  the 
spring  of  1885  he  crossed  over  Sunset  peak  to  where 
Burke  is  situated  now.  One  log  cabin  adorned  the  place 
and  two  miners  were  developing  the  Tiger  mine,  the 
nrst  lead  and  silver  mine  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  In 
April  he  located  the  now  well  known  mine,  the  Stand- 
ard, and  for  seven  years  he  and  his  partners  did  the  as- 
sessment work  and"  then  sold  for  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars,  which  gave  him  a  good  start,  'in  May  he  lo- 
cated the  Flynn  group  of  twelve  claims  and  still  owns 
an  interest  in  this  property.  In  1891  Mr.  McCarthy 
came  and  bought  his  present  place  of  one  hundred  and 
seventv-one  acres.  It  is  exceptionally  fine  land,  has  a 
good  orchard  and  produces  abundance  of  fine  hay. 
He  has  raised  as  high  as  twelve  tons  of  potatoes  to  one 
acre,  so  rich  is  his  land.  Mr.  McCarthy  stood  in  his 
orchard  one  day  and  distinctly  heard  the  explosion  of 
the  Bunker  Hill  and  and  Sullivan  mine  at  the  time  of 
trouble,  which  is  twenty-five  miles  away.  Showing  the 
amount  of  hard  labor  done  by  Mr.  McCarthy,  we  note 
that  one  day  in  a  conversation  with  Colonel  Wallace 
he  was  asked  by  that  gentleman  how  many  claims  he 
possessed  and  Mr.  McCarthy  replied  that  he  owned 
forty-nine  claims  and  seventeen  fractions.  He  and 
Larry  O'Neal  were  the  locators  of  the  Crown  Point, 
a  portion  of  which  he  sold.  In  this  mine  occurred  the 
shooting  tragedy  in  which  Jack  McCauley  was  killed 
and  one  man  wounded.  The  Crown  Point  is  now 
owned  by  Burbridge  and  lUirch.  Mr.  McCarthy  is 
one  of  the  most  skillful  prospectors  of  this  entire  coun- 
try as  his  work  will  show  where  he  is  well  and  favor- 
ably known  while  his  standing  is  of  the  best.  It  is  his 
intention  to  devote  considerable  time  in  the  future  to 
rhe  development  of  his  mining  properties  in  connection 
with  operating  his  present  home  farm. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


WASHINGTON  SNYDER.  In  many  ways  has 
Mr.  Snyder  demonstrated  his  enterprise  and  capabili- 
ties to  build  tip  the  west  and  to  make  substantial  im- 
provements in  these  new  sections  and  as  a  real  pioneer 
he  deserves  mention  in  the  history  of  the  county,  be- 
ing also  a  man  of  integrity  and  uprightness. 

Washington  Snyder  was  born  in  Lewis  county, 
New  York,  on  October  18,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Levi 
and  Louisa  (Helmer)  Snyder.  When  seven  he  went 
with  the  balance  of  the  family  to  Fond  du  Lac,  Wiscon- 
sin, where  he  was  educated  and  grew  to  manhood.  In 
the  spring  of  1865,  Mr.  Snyder  enlisted  in  the  Twenty- 
second  Wisconsin.  But  on  account  of  the  change  in 
the  play  of  war  he  was  not  called  from  his  state  but 
received  an  honorable  discharge  in  the  summer  fol- 
lowing. He  returned  to  his  home  and  at  once  took  up 
railroading,  and  later  learned  to  be  a  locomotive  en- 
gineer. From  1869  to  1884  he  followed  that  stirring 
calling  and  always  proved  himself  a  faithful  and  skillful 
engineer.  He  operated  in  various  sections  and  on  vari- 
ous roads  and  was  on  the  eastern  end  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  when  he  resigned  his  place  in  1884.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1884,  Mr.  Snyder  went  from  Thompson  Falls, 
Montana,  to  Murray,  Idaho,  with  a  sawmill,  making 
thirteen  camps  in  the  journey  and  consuming  three 
months  in  the  undertaking.  He  succeeded  in  getting 
his  mill  in  place  and  operated  it  successfully  for  three 
years  and  then  sold  it.  During  the  time  of  his  stay  in 
Murray  he  had  interests  in  various  fine  properties 
among  which  we  may  mention  the  Katie  Burnette  and 
the  Chess.  The  latter  is  now  called  the  Golden  Chess. 
These  properties  are  well  known  and  valuable.  In 
1900  Mr.  Snyder  sold  his  entire  holdings  in  the  mines 
and  came  in  the  spring  of  the  following  year  to  his 
present  place,  opposite  the  river  from  Dudley.  He 
bought  eighty  acres  of  good  land  and  has  it  well  im- 
proved with  farm  buildings,  in  addition  to  this  Mr. 
Snyder  has  a  fine  chicken  house  over  one  hundred  feet 
long  and  devotes  much  time  to  handling  these  fowls, 
having  several  hundred  fine  ones.  He  also  raises  cat- 
tle and  owns  some  fine  speciments  of  thoroughbred 
Herefords.  Mr.  Snyder 's  house  and  buildings  are  lo- 
cated on  a  fine  spot  overlooking  the  river  and  valley, 
where  he  has  a  pleasant  and  valuable  home. 

In  1886  Mr.  Snyder  married  Mrs.  Lula  Sayre,  in 
Murray.  She  has  three  children  by  her  former  mar- 
riage, William  K.,  Mrs.  Jennie  Fin'lavson  of  Murray; 
Mrs.  Lulu  Erwin  of  Wallace. 


CHARLES  E.  KAMLIN.  A  man  of  industry 
and  thrift,  a  public  minded  citizen,  a  good  neighbor,  a 
substantial  farmer  and  capable  business  man,  it  is  fit- 
ting that  the  subject  of  this  article  should  be  granted 
space  for  an  epitome  of  his  career  in  the  volume  of 
Northern  Idaho  history. 

Charles  E.  Kamlin  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
Stockholm,  Sweden,  on  February  19.  1865,  being  the 
son  of  L.  O.  and  Louisa  Kamlin.  The  father  died 
when  our  subject  was  a  boy  and  in  1880,  he  came  to 
the  United  States  with  his  mother.  They  located  in 


Burnett  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  railroaded  and 
later  farmed  until  1890.  Jn  that  year  he  came  to  St. 
Louis  county,  Minnesota,  and  worked  in  the  iron  mines 
and  at  lumbering  until  1897.  That  was  the  year  of 
his  advent  to  Spokane,  whence  he  came  at  once  to 
Wardner  and  worked  in  the  mines  until  the  fall  of 
1898.  In  that  year  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Old  Mis- 
sion and  took  up  logging  for  a  time.  Later  he  bought 
his  present  place,  one  quarter  section  of  hay  and 
timber  land,  two  and  one  half  miles  northeast  from 
Old  Mission.  Ht  pays  attention  to  general  farming, 
timber  work,  and  handling  hay.  Mr.  Kamlin  is  a 
member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Old  Mission.  He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church  and  stanch 
supporters  of  the  faith. 

On  August  29,  1899,  Mr.  Kamlin  married  Miss 
Maggie  Gillies,  whose  parents  live  in  the  vicinity  of 
Old  Mission,  and  two  children  have  been  born  to  them, 
Neal  J.  and  Harris  M. 


WILLIAM  P.  DWYER.  At  the  present  time 
Mr.  Dwyer  is  conducting  a  general  merchandise  estab- 
lishment at  Old  Mission,  where  he  does  a  good  busi- 
ness, and  also  devotes  some  of  his  time  to  the  over- 
ness  and  integrity  and  has  won  the  esteem  and  good 
will  of  all  who  have  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 

William  P.  Dwyer  was  born  in  Grass  Valley.  Cali- 
fornia, on  February  18,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Patrick 
M.  and  Catherine  (Powers)  Dwyer.  The  father  \ 
born  in  Ireland  and  came  to  the  United  States  with 
his  parents  when  five.  They  located  in  the  northern 
part  of  New  York  state  and  in  1850  Patrick  M.  w 
to  Houghton,  Michigan,  and  worked  there  in  the  cop- 
per mines  until  1853.  Then  he  came  via  New  York  and 
Panama  to  San  Francisco  and  engaged  in  mining  and 
the  hotel  business  in  Grass  Valley.  About  1864  he 
was  married  to  Catherine  Powers,  who  came  to  the  \ 
United  States  when  ten  from  her  native  land.  Ire- 
land. Her  parents  brought  her  to  California  via  Pan- 
ama. In  1869  the  family  went  back  to  Buchanan 
county,  Iowa,  and  the  father  took  up  farming.  In 
1870  they  moved  to  Nevada,  Gilpin  county,  Colorado, 
and  mined  until  1874.  then  they  all  went  to  Fayette 
county,  Iowa,  and  farmed  until  1888.  Then"  the 
father  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  bringing 
our  subject.  William  P.  remained  while  the  father 
returned  and  brought  the  balance  of  the  family.  He 
located  near  Medical  Lake,  Washington,  and  our  sub- 
ject took  a  squatter's  right  near  Old  Mission.  In  i^ 
the  father  and  another  son,  Hon.  P.  J.  Dwyer,  repre- 
sentative of  Kootenai  county  in  the  state  legislature 
in  1900,  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Old  Mission  and  took 
up  and  bought  land.  They  remained  there  until  1902, 
then  sold  out  and  located  near  Newman's  lake,  in  Spo- 
kane county,  Washington.  Our  subject  engaged  in 
the  general  merchandise  business  in  1900,  has  a  good 
store  building  and  is  doing  well.  He  was  married  on 
August  13.  1002,  to  Catherine  F.,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam and  Catherine  Ryan,  near  Cheney,  who  were 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


early  pioneers  in  that  section.  Mr.  Dwyer  is  a  mem- 
ber'of  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Old  Mission  and  is  a  repre- 
sentative man  of  excellent  ability  and  first-class  stand- 
ing wherever  lie  has  dwelt.  The  father  is  a  man  of 
wide  experience,  of  sterling  integrity  and  uprightness 
and  is  a  leading  man  in  his  community. 


FRANK  H.  QUINN.  This  enterprising  farmer 
of  the  vicinity  of  Old  Mission  is  one  of  the  sturdy  and 
intrepid  pioneers  who  pushed  into  this  wild  region  and 
made  it  the  abode  of  civilization  and  have  since  done 
worthy  labors  in  this  line  of  development  and  progress. 

Frank  H.  Quinn  was  born  in  Rockford,  Illinois,  on 
May  n,  i86i,"being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Eliza  (Dix- 
jftn)  Quinn,  natives  of  New  Jersey  and  early  pioneers 
to  Illinois.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  in  Fulton  College  and  then  went  to  Lyons, 
Iowa.  He  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  and  then 
wrought  at  it  for  the  years  of  1877  and  1878  after 
which  he  went  to  Minneapolis  and  worked  for  a  street 
railway  company.  Then  he  was  night  watchman  for 
the  Milwaukee  faidroad  and  in  1883  he  came  to  Port- 
land, going  thence  to  San  Francisco  on  the  steamer 
Oregon.  He  followed  street  railroading  there  a  time 
•and  then  went  to  Los  Angeles,  after  which  we  see 
him  in  Portland,  Spokane  and  later  in  Farmington. 
Here  he  went  to  work  in  a  saw  mill  and  while  plan- 
ing there  he  lost  one  hand  in  the  planer.  After  this 
great  misfortune  Mr.  Quinn  aroused  his  real  grit  and 
tenacity  of  purpose  and  renewed  the  battle  of  life 
with  even  greater  vigor  than  ever.  He  came  to  his 
present  place,  oiic  and  one-half  miles  north  from  Old 
Mission,  on  the  Mullan  road.  This  was  in  the  spring 
of  1889,  and  since  that  time  he  has  labored  with 
great  tenacity  of  purpose  and  courage  and  now  has  a 
fine  home  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  hay 
and  timber  land.  He  has  good  buildings  and  other 
improvements,  among  which  is  an  orchard,  which 
ground  he  grubbed  clear  from  the  native  timber  with 
one  hand.  Mr.  Quinn  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
here  and  has  always  taken  a  great  interest  in  the 
progress  and  upbuilding  of  the  country.  He  is  also 
active  in  educational  lines  and  has  given  his  time  and 
attention  to  the  office  of  director  of  schools  for  five 
years,  always  manifesting  faithfulness  and  efficiency 
in  his  labors. 


PATRICK  T-  WHALEN  is  one  of  the  earliest 
pioneers  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene  valley  and  is  now  the 
only  one  of  those  early  days  living  here.  He  came 
when  Father  Joset  and  a  Mr.  Hayden  were  the  only 
white  people  in  this  section  and  his  neighbors  were 
the  Indians.  He  arrived  here  on  January  15,  1883. 
A  review  of  his  career  as  an  old  pioneer  is  deserving 
a  place  in  the  history  of  the  county. 

Patrick  J.  Whalen  was  born  "in  Rockland  county, 
New  York,  on  the  Hudson  river,  on  July  6,  1850. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  Wicklow,  Ireland,  and 
came  to  the  United  States  before  the  steamboats  plied 


the  Atlantic,  being  six  months  on  the 
d  when  our  subject  was  a  chil 
mother.    He  followed  boatin 


The 


oating  on  the  Hud- 
t railroading.  On 
September  to,  1877,  Mr.  Whalen  married  Miss  Agnes 
Mabes,  of  German  and  Irish  descent.  She  was  born 
in  West  Point,  New  York.  When  Mr.  Whalen  came 
to  the  Old  Mission  he  at  once  located  a  squatter's 
right,  and  when  the  land  was  surveyed  took  a  home- 
stead, and  added  as  much  more  by  purchase.  He 
platted  the  town  of  Cataldo,  which  was  named  from 
an  early  missionary,  and  now  owns  the  land  where 
the  town  stands,  except  what  he  has  sold  as  lots.  Mr. 
Whalen  owns  and  operates  a  large  hotel.  In  addition 
to  this  he  does  general  farming.  In  early  days  he 
opened  the  first  ferry  across  the  Cceur  d'Alene  river 
and  operated  it  until  the  railroad  went  through.  Mr. 
Whalen  used  to  go  clear  to  Spokane  for  supplies  in 
early  days  and  has  paid  as  high  as  a  dollar  for  one 
letter.  In  1884  he  assisted  Colonel  Wallace  to  move 
to  where  Wallace  now  stands.  A  few  years  after 
Mr.  Whalen  came  here  he  sent  to  New  York  state 
and  brought  out  his  mother  and  one  sister.  Another 
sister  was  left  there,  but  she  died  shortly  afterward. 
The  sister  that  came  here  died  soon  after  her  arrival 
and  the  mother  died  in  1896.  Mr.  Whalen  has  no 
uncles,  aunts  or  relatives  that  he  knows  of  living 
except  his  children.  He  and  his  family  are  members 
and  supporters  of  the  Catholic  church.  The  follow- 
ing named  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Whalen,  and  also  five  who  are  deceased:  Dennis, 
Mary,  the  first  white  child  born  on  the  Creur  d'Alene 
river;  Patsey  D.,  Thomas  F.,  John  M.,  Catherine  E. 
A.  and  Morris  W. 


ARTHUR  E.  FROST  is  a  self-made  man  and  as 
Mark  Twain  remarks,  "He  did  not  stop  until  the  job 
was  finished."  He  is  now  a  popular  and  thriving  mer- 
chant of  Cataldo,  where  he  carries  a  first  class  stock 
of  well  assorted  general  merchandise  for  the  trade  and 
has  won  by  fair  dealing  and  genial  and  accommodating 
ways  the  good  will  and  patronage  of  the  people  of  the 
surrounding  country. 

Arthur  E.  Frost  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Berlin, 
Ottawa  county,  Michigan,  on  April  8,  1855.  being  the 
son  of  Oliver  and  Margaret  (Thompson)  Frost.  The 
father  died  in  1863,  Arthur  being  then  eight  years  old. 
Practically  he  began  doing  for  himself  then  and  has 
been  on  his  own  resources  for  the  intervening  time. 
When  he  was  ten,  he  went  to  Rome,  New  York',  where 
he  worked  for  his  board  at  an  uncle's  place  and  went 
to  school  for  six  years.  Then  he  went  to  Vicksburg, 
Michigan,  and  worked  on  a  farm  until  twenty-two.  In 
the  spring  of  1877  he  made  his  way  to  Fort  Worth, 
Texas,  and  railroaded  and  farmed  for  three  years.  In 
the  spring  of  1881  Mr.  Frost  came  to  Walla  Walla 
and  went  on  a  ranch  for  one  year  and  then  came  to 
Ellisport,  Idaho.  Thence  in  1883  to  Spokane,  where 
he  worked  in  a  lumber  yard  and  then  drove  stage  to 
Ft.  Spokane.  In  August,  1886,  Mr.  Frost  came  to 
Old  Mission  and  opened  a  general  merchandise  estab- 


956 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


dishment,  which  he  operated  successfully  until  April, 
1900,  when  he  came  to  Cataldo.  Mr.  Frost  was  post- 
master at  Old  Mission  as  he  is  in  Cataldo.  When  Mr. 
Frost  came  to  Cataldo  he  opened  a  general  store  and 
has  a  good  building  and  warehouse  well  filled  with  a 
choice  selection  of  goods  for  this  section.  He  al- 
so has  a  residence  and  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this 
vicinity. 

On  June  5,  1893,  Mr.  Frost  married  Miss  Ellen, 
daughter  of  George  and  Mary,  and  to  them  have 
been  born  five  children,  Alice  M.,  Arthur  E.,  Marga- 
ret, deceased,  Mable  M.,  Oliver  D. 


RICHARD  SHARPLEY  is  a  representative  citi- 
zen and  prosperous  stockman  of  the  Couer  d'Alene 
valley  where  he  settled  on  a  homestead  in  1891  and  has 
since  devoted  his  attention  to  handling  stock  and  do- 
ing general  farming. 

Richard  Sharplev  was  born  in  Buckingham,  Canada, 
on  April  20,  1844.  being  the  son  of  Nelson  and  Jane 
(Parsher)  Sharplev,  among  the  early  settlers  of  that 
section.  Our  subject  was  educated  and  reared  in  his 
native  place  and  there  on  July  17,  1873.  he  married 
Miss  Margaret  Ann,  daughter  of  Chancey  and  Mary 
J.  (Timmons)  Brewer,  also  early  pioneers  of  that  re- 
gion. Mrs.  Sharplev  was  born  in  Buckingham,  on  July 
18,  1850.  In  1880  'Mr.  Sharplev  came  to  the  United 
States  "and  settled  in  Norway.  Michigan,  whence  in  a 
short  time  he  went  to  Eau  Claire.  Wisconsin,  and  there 
worked  in  the  lumber  regions  logging.  In  1888  Mr. 
Sharplev  came  to  the  Old  Mission,  arriving  in  July. 
He  went  to  work  for  salary  at  once  and  being  so 
favorably  impressed  with  the  country  he  at  once  sent 
for  his  family  and  in  1891  located  his  present  home 
place,  three  and  one-half  miles  east  from  Lane  on  the 
south  side  of  the  river.  He  has  the  place  well  im- 
proved with  good  buildings,  orchards,  fences,  and  so 
forth,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  valley. 
Mr.  Sharplev  has  always  evinced  a  keen  interest  in 
educational  affairs  and  is  ever  ready  with  a  helping 
hand  to  aid  the  cause.  Six  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sharplev,  Ida  Ellen,  wife  of  Wyvel 
Mitchell,  of  Ada,  Washington:  Emma  M.  M.,  wife  of 
Charles  "W.  Harbor,  of  Murray.  Idaho ;  Richard  J., 
deceased:  Lillie  May,  wife  of  Sylvester  Arbogast, 
near  Lane  ;  Ethel  Lura,  Wilford  R.  " 


WILLIAM  L.  TRIPLETT.  As  one  of  the  lead- 
ing stockmen  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  valley  and  an  en- 
terprising citizen  and  upright  man,  we  grant  to  Mr. 
Triplett  space  for  a  review  of  his  life  in  the  volume 
that  chronicles  the  history  of  his  county. 

William  L.  Triplett  was  born  in  Triplett,  Missouri, 
on  Tune  24.  1859,  being  the  son  of  Tohn  E.  M.  and 
Nancy  (Cawthorn)  Triplett.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  Franklin  county,  Kentucky,  and  came  to  Chariton 
county.  Missouri,  in  1844,  being  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  that  section.  He  took  government  land,  married 


there  and  is  now  living  on  the  old  homestead.  He 
platted  some  of  his  land  and  named  the  place  Triplett 
,-hen  a  branch  of  the  Wabash  came  through  his  place. 
The  mother  died  there  in  August,  1901.  Our  subject 
ived  his  education  from  the  common  schools  and 
grew  to  manhood  there.  On  January  20,  1890.  at  Mob- 
berly,  Missouri.  Mr.  Triplett  married  Miss  Ella  L., 
daughter  of  John  and  Emma  (Wickes)  Windel,  living 
Newmarket,  Shenandoah  county,  Virginia,  where 
Mrs.  Triplett  was  born.  The  parents  died  there  and 
she  came  to  Moberly  to  live  with  her  uncle,  John  N. 
Kring,  who  is  a  retired  jewelry  merchant.  In  1891 
Mr.  Triplett  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  and  lik- 
ing the  county  so  well  he  selected  a  place  and  brought 
his  family  the  next  year.  His  farm  is  south  of  the 
river  and  two  and  one-half  miles  east  from  Lane. 
He  has  a  fine  farm  of  meadow  land  and  cuts  many 
tons  of  hay  each  year.  Mr.  Triplett  has  devoted  him- 
self steadily  to  raising  stock  since  the  time  he  came 
here,  being  blessed  with  gratifying  success  and  is  now 
one  of  the  well-to-do  farmers  and  stockmen  of  the 
county.  He  bought  eighty  acres  adjoining  his  home- 
stead, besides  owning  a  valuable  piece  of  land  of  eighty 
acres  in  Missouri.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
this  union:  Willie  K.  and  Nannie  P.  Mr.  Triplett 
has  his  farm  well  improved,  having  a  good  house, 
large  barn,  substantial  outbuildings,  excellent  orchard' 
and  much  other  improvement.  He  is  a  man  of  excel- 
lent standing  in  the  community  and  having  the  good 
will  and  esteem  of  all. 


EDWARD  C.  RAY.  Few  men  have  had  more 
varied  experiences  in  responsible  capacities  in  the 
range  of  the  western  mining  country  than  the  subject 
of  this  article,  who  is  now  living  a  retired  life  in  Lane, 
being  a  man  of  stanch  integrity,  fine  capabilities,  pos- 
sessed of  worth  and  sagacity  that  have  been  demon- 
strated in  a  long  career  of  activity  and  faithful  walk. 

Edward  C.  Ray  was  born  in  Randolph  county, 
North  Carolina,  on  December  13.  1835,  being  the  son 
of  Mark  and  Mary  Ray.  In  1853  Mr.  Ray  came 
across  the  plains  with  a  mixed  train  of  mule  and  ox 
teams  and  loose  cattle.  They  made  their  way  to  Plac 
ville,  California'  and  he  mined  there  for  two  or  three 
years  and  then  moved  to  Grass  valley  and  in  1858  ] 
came  thence  to  The  Dalles.  He  bought  a  pack  train 
and  went  to  Fraser  river,  after  which  he  went  with 
Major  Garnett  to  fight  the  Indians,  having  charge  of 
the  government  herd.  He  was  at  various  places  in  the  \ 
northwest  where  exciting  times  had  been  had  with  the 
Indians,  as  near  Spokane,  where  General  Wright 
killed  several  hundred  of  the  Indians'  horses,  and  also  j 
in  the  Okanogan  country.  He  then  went  to  Walla  Walla 
and  rode  express  to  Mullens  camp,  going  through  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country  in  1859.  Then  he  speculated 
in  cattle  in  California  and  in  1862  came  to  the  excite- 
ment in  the  John  Day  country.  In  the  summer  of 
1865  Mr.  Ray  was  with  the  "Wilson  stampede  that 
came  as  far  as  the  present  site  of  Wardner,  but  finding 
no  gold  they  were  gong  to  hang  Wilson  for  a  false  re- 


EDWARD  C.  RAY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


port.  Then  he  repaired  to  Helena  and  prospected  until 
1868,  when  the  St.  Joe  excitement  drew  him  thither. 
Also,  in  1865,  Mr.  Ray  was  in  the  Sun  river  stampede, 
wherein  ten  thousand  people  were  out  in  the  wilds  in 
the  dead  of  winter  and  over  one  hundred  were  frozen 
to  death.  After  the  St.  Joe  excitement  he  went  to 
Helena  and  mined  until  1877  and  then  took  charge  of 
the  Silver  Bow  in  Butte.  Then  he  went  to  the  Wood 
river  country  and  handled  the  Elkhorn  until  1882. 
Next  we  see'him  superintending  a  mine  in  the  Maiden 
region  and  thence  he  was  sent  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country.  In  1886  he  returned  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country  and  was  superintendent  of  the  Bunker  Hill  and 
Sullivan,  in  1887  of  the  Lost  Chance,  in  1888  of  the 
Frisco,  where  he  remained  until  1891.  Then  he  went 
to  Nelson,  British  Columbia,  and  developed  a  pros- 
pect. All  this  work  was  for  the  same  company,  known 
as  the  Helena.  Montana,  Company.  In  the  spring  of 
1892  Mr.  Ray  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river,  where 
he  bought  a  ranch  and  took  up  raising  stock.  He  se- 
cured two  car  loads  of  registered  Hereford  cattle,  pay- 
ing fifty  dollars  per  head  for  large  and  small.  He  has 
since  paid  attention  to  raising  stock  and  is  still  en- 
gaged in  this  occupation,  although  he  has  sold  his  farm. 
Mr.  Ray  is  an  expert  in  the  science  of  mining  and  has 
always  commanded  the  best  of  wages  and  now  in  the 
golden  years  of  his  life  he  is  entitled  to  the  retirement 
and  enjoyment  of  the  good  things  which  his  labor  has 
provided!  In  1870  he  went  east  to  see  his  mother  and 
his  brother,  E.  W.  Ray,  arich  banker  of  St.  Joseph, 
Missouri.  He  is  well  liked  by  all  and  stands  high  in 
the  esteem  of  the  substantial  people  of  the  community. 


TITUS  BLESSING.  A  pioneer  of  the  true  grit 
and  spirit,  a  man  of  sound  principles  and  uprightness, 
a  public  minded  citizen  of  worth  and  integrity,  and 
always  dominated  with  sagacity,  keen  foresight  and 
manifesting  energy  and  enterprise,  the  subject  of  this 
article  is  deserving  of  consideration  in  the  history  of 
his  county. 

Titus  Blessing  was  born  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  on 
August  4,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Frank  J.  and  Helen 
Blessing.  When  a  child  he  went  with  his  parents  to 
Albert  Lea,  Minnesota,  and  when  he  was  ten,  they 
went  to  the  vicinity  of  New  Ulm,  In  1876  Mr.  Bless- 
ing came  to  Helena,  Montana,  and  followed  the  mason 
trade,  which  he  had  learned  in  his  youth.  Later  he 
mined  and  prospected  in  all  the  leading  camps  of 
the  state.  In  1879,  May  31.  Mr.  Blessing  married  Miss 
Anna  M.,  daughter  of  Conrad  and  Catherine  Hoffman, 
seven  children  having  been  born  to  them :  Amelia, 
Anna  K.,  Rosa  E.,  Walter  L.,  Phillip  R.,  Bessie, 
John  W.  Mrs.  Blessing  was  born  in  Munster,  Ger- 
many, on  January  19,  1858,  and  came  to  California 
with  her  parents 'and  thence  by  stage  and  wagon  to 
Montana  to  see  her  cousin,  where  she  met  and  mar- 
ried Mr.  Blessing.  In  1883  they  came  with  team  to 
Spokane,  traveling  over  the'  Big  Bend  country.  Then 
Mr.  Blessing  left  his  family  in  Spokane  and  came  with 
pack  train  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  being  the 


first  in  there  before  the  rush.  He  was  one  who  helped 
draft  the  resolution  against  Chinamen  coming  into 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  which  is  still  in  force.  Mr. 
Blessing  followed  mining  and  prospecting  for  some 
time  and  then  sold  out  and  carne  to  Trent,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  went  into  the  stock  business  and  in  1891, 
when  the  reservation  was  thrown  open,  he  came  to  his 
present  place  at  Medimont  and  took  a  homestead. 
He  has  one  hundred  and  four  acres  of  good  land  and 
is  doing  well.  Mr.  Blessing  has  held  the  office  of  justice 
of  the  peace  and  is  an  excellent  officer,  being  faith- 
ful and  impartial.  He  has  been  active  in  the  advance- 
ment of  educational  facilities  and  is  a  progressive  man 
in  all  lines.  He  has  some  fine  placer  ground  in  the  Saint 
Joe  region  and  is  developing  it  well.  Mr.  Blessing 
and  his  wife  are  true  frontier  people  and  have  done  a 
good  work  in  development  and  building  up  the  coun- 
try. Mr.  Blessing  fought  Sitting  Bull's  band  in  1877 
and  was  a  private  scout  under  Buffalo  Bill,  who  was 
the  government  scout  for  General  Miles.  He  fought 
at  Strawberry  island  and  Ft.  Peck.  When  the  Nez 
1'erces  war  broke  out  he  came  with  eighty  citizens  of 
Helena  to  fight  the  redskins,  but  the  government  for- 
bade them  to  do  so  unless  they  would  enlist  and  be 
officered  by  the  government.  They  objected  and  re- 
turned. 


HON.  JESSE  P.  QUARLES.  This  well  known 
gentleman  and  patriotic  and  progressive  citizen  whose 
public  spirited  labors  have  redounded  to  the  good  of 
all  and  the  advancement  and  development  of  the  coun- 
try, is  well  deserving  a  representation  in  the  history 
that  chronicles  the  items  of  Kootenai  county  history. 

Jesse  P.  Quarks  was  born  in  Benton  county,  'Ar- 
kansas, on  November  15,  1845,  being  the  son  of  Thomas 
and  Rebecca  (Cox)  Quarks.  He  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  log  cabin  school  house  of  the  day  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  he  had  grown  to  man- 
hood. In  the  time  of  the  war,  Mr.  Ouarles  acted  as 
guide  for  General  Phillips  and  as  the  danger  increased 
it  was  found  necessary  to  remove  the  family  to  safer 
quarters  and  so  they  all  went  to  Leavenworth.  Kan- 
sas, whence  they  returned  after  the  war  to  their  home 
only  to  find  all  improvements  destroyed.  They  went 
to  work  improving  the  place  and  on  August  20.  1868, 
Mr.  Quarks  married  Miss  Margaret  A.  Coonfield.  In 
1873  they  started  across  the  plains  with  teams  and 
wagon  and  landed  in  Waitsburg,  Washington,  four 
months  later.  Soon  after  that  they  came  to  where 
Farmington  now  stands,  and  there  Mr.  Ouarles  built 
a  hotel,  after  having  farmed  for  a  time  on  a  piece  of 
land  he  bought.  His  hotel  was  the  first  in  the  town  and 
he  operated  it  successfully  for  a  term  of  years.  He 
was  elected  county  commissioner  for  a  period  of  two 
terms  and  also  served  as  chairman  of  the  board.  Then 
Mr.  Quarks  sold  his  hotel  and  bought  a  farm  across 
in  Nez  Perces  county,  where  he  lived  until  1891.  He 
was  elected  to  represent  Nez  Perces  county  in  the  state 
legislature  and  did  excellent  service.  He  removed  from 
that  place  in  1891  to  his  present  location  two  and  one- 
half  miles  east  from  Lane,  where  he  took  a  homestead 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  has  bought  as  much  more  land,  having  now  a  fine 
half  section  of  meadow,  being  very  fertile  land.  He 
has  good  improvements  and  is  one  of  the  progressive 
and  substantial  men  of  the  section.  In  1892  Mr.  Quar- 
les  was  elected  county  commissioner  of  Kootenai  coun- 
ty and  two  years  later  he  was  called  by  the  people  to 
serve  as  county  assessor  and  tax  collector.  He  has 
been  a  stanch  Republican  all  his  life  until  the  division 
on  silver  when  he  became  a  silver  Republican  and  is 
a  potent  factor  in  the  campaigns.  Mr.  Quarles  has 
been  a  Mason  since  1867,  holding  the  master  degree 
now  in  the  Harrison  lodge.  Mr.  Quarles  is  always  in- 
terested in  and  assists  all  movements  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  country  and  especially  is  he  zealous  and  ac- 
tive in  promoting  religious  and  moral  institutions  and 
improvement.  Nine  children  have  been  born  to  this 
worthy  couple:  Thomas  L.,  deputy  assessor  for  four 
years  and  later  chief  clerk  in  the  auditor's  office  and 
county  auditor  and  clerk  of  the  district  court ;  Ora  R., 
wife  of  G.  M.  Robertson,  county  treasurer  of  Idaho 
county  for  six  years  ;  Isaac  L.,  Richard  A.,  of  Wardner ; 
James  N.,  deceased :  Frank,  deceased ;  William  Clyde, 
Lula  B.,  Milton  Ray. 


PAUL  L.  ZIMMERMAN.  To  the  careful  in- 
dustry .enterprise  and  good  management  of  Mr.  Zim- 
merman, is  due  the  splendid  success  that  is  his  now  to 
enjoy.  He  is  a  general  merchant  in  Lane  and  carries 
a  fine  stock  of  goods,  well  selected,  and  by  honorable 
treatment  of  patrons  he  has  built  up  a  fine  trade,  being 
one  of  the  successful  and  substantial  men  of  the  county. 

Paul  L.  Zimmerman  was  born  in  Breslau,  the  capi- 
tal of  Silesia,  Germany,  on  May  31,  1860,  being  the 
son  of  August  F.  and  Agnes  (Prang)  Zimmerman. 
The  father  was  a  wholesale  tobacconist  and  did  a  thriv- 
ing business  until  1870,  when  he  died.  Our  subject 
attended  school  in  Germany  until  1874  and  migrated 
to  the  United  States  with  his  uncle,  Louis  Prang, 
who  is  now  in  business  in  Boston.  He  attended  col- 
lege in  New  York  for  one  year  and  then  went  to 


Four  years  later  he  went  to  Lexington,  Nebraska,  and 
there  operated  a  farm  for  his  mother  until  1891.  Then 
purchasing  a  team  and  wagon  and  a  stock  of  dry 
goods  he  started  west.  He  had  a  fresh  supply  shipped 
to  him  at  convenient  places  and  sold  all  through  the 
Palouse  country  until  1896,  in  which  year  he  came 
and  opened  a  small  store  in  Lane,  being  the  first  one 
to  settle  there.  He  did  well  from  the  start  and  soon 
a  postoffice  was  established  with  Mr.  Zimmerman  as 
postmaster  and  since  that  time  he  has  continued  in  this 
capacity  to  the  satisfaction  of  all.  He  has  now  a  large 
and  we'll  filled  store  with  a  good  warehouse  packed  full 
and  does  an  extensive  business.  Mr.  Zimmerman 
handles  feed  and  flour  and  has  a  good  trade  in  cord- 
wood  and  mining  timbers  with  his  other  business.  He 
has  a  nice  residence  in  the  town  and  has  always  been 
a  leader  in  any  movement  for  the  benefit  of  the  coun- 
trv.  He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Camp  No.  928, 
of  Lane,  being  clerk  of  the  camp.  Mr.  Zimmerman  is 


the  oldest  of  five  children,  his  mother  is  now  living  in 
Boston  with  one  of  his  brothers.  Mr.  Zimmerman  is 
a  member  and  stanch  suppdrter  of  the  Lutheran  church, 
being  an  exemplary  man  and  a  first  class  citizen. 


JAMES  W.  SLAYTER.  Doubtless  due  to  the  ef- 
forts of  the  subject  of  this  article  more  than  any  other 
man  is  the  establishment  of  the  town  of  Medimont  and 
also  the  bringing  of  it  to  the  front.  Mr.  Slayter  is  now 
the  leading  merchant  of  the  place,  having  a  fine  two- 
story  structure  well  filled  with  a  good  selection  of  the 
goods  needed  in  the  vicinity.  Also  he  owns  a  com- 
fortable residence  in  the  town  and  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing and  prominent  men  of  the  section. 

A  detailed  account  of  Mr.  Slayter's  life  will  be  ac- 
ceptable reading  for  the  volume  of  the  county  history. 
We  note  that  he  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Indiana,  on 
July  28,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Abraham  and  Margaret 
Slayter.  He  attended  school  in  his  native  place  and 
then  took  a  course  in  the  Normal  Institute  and  taught 
three  years  before  he  was  twenty.  In  1878  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  Polk  county,  Wisconsin,  and  en- 
gaged as  a  salesman  for  a  time  after  which  he  took  up 
lumbering.  There,  in  1884,  Mr.  Slayter  married 
Miss  Minnie  MaGee  and  two  children  were  born 
to  them,  Winona  and  Grover.  In  1886  Mr.  Slayter 
came  to  Rockford,  Washington,  and  after  he  came  here 
his  wife  died  in  the  cast.  Then  he  went  to  Wallace 
and  took  up  general  merchandising  until  1890,  when 
he  located  the  townsite  of  Medimont.  He  at  once 
established  a  store  and  since  that  time  has  done  an 
ever  increasing  trade.  Mr.  Slayter  succeeded  in  get- 
ting a  postoffice  established  at  the  time  he  came  here 
and  he  was  appointed  postmaster.  Since  then  he  has 
continuously  held  that  office  to  the  satisfaction  of  all. 
Mr.  Slayter  carries  a  large,  well  selected  stock  of  goods 
and  is  popular  and  stands  well  with  all. 

On  February  29,  1892,  Mr.  Slayter  married  again, 
Miss  Myrtle,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Jane  Cahill, 
becoming  his  wife  on  this  occasion.  Mr.  Cahill  was  a 
wealthy  farmer  of  the  vicinity  of  Dayton,  Washington, 
and  later  removed  to  Fairfie'lcl,  where  he  died.  Mrs. 
Cahill  lives  there  yet.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Slayter  there 
have  been  born  two  children,  Stanley  and  Dale. 


HON.  R.  KING  EMERSON.  From  the  early 
days  of  '49  to  the  present  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  has  been  on  the  frontier  in  all  the  leading  camps 
of  the  west  and  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  la- 
bors, hardships,  successes  and  disappointments  inci- 
dent to  this  rugged  life  and  it  is  but  right  to  say  that 
the  result  of  his  labors  has  been  much  development  and 
improvement  in  the  various  places  it  has  been  bestowed. 
At  present,  Mr.  Emerson  dwells  on  a  valuable  ranch 
about  one  mile  south  from  Medimont  and  there  devotes 
much  of  his  attention  to  general  farming  and  .stock 
raising. 

King  Emerson  was  born  in  Clark  county,  Kentucky, 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


on  April  3,  1832,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Mary 
Emerson.  When  a  child  he  went  with  his  parents 
to  Randolph  county,  Missouri,  where  they  remained 
until  the  spring  of  1850,  then  they  started  across  the 
plains  with  ox  teams  in  a  large  train.  Indians  were 
hostile  and  they  were  forced  to  drive  the  oxen  with 
whip  in  one  hand  and  a  trusty  rifle  in  the  other.  The 
trip  was  fraught  with  great  danger,  hardship  and  de- 
privation but  in  four  months  and  six  days  from  the 
time  of  starting  they  landed  in  Eldorado  county,  Cal- 
ifornia, and  at  once  went  to  delving  for  the  hidden 
treasures.  Later  they  were  in  Solano  county  and  fol- 
lowed farming  and  stock  raising ;  then  the  parents 
returned  to  Missouri  and  our  subject  went  back  to 
Eldorado  county.  The  father  died  in  Missouri,  on 
December  u,  1863,  on  his  seventy-second  birthday. 
The  mother  died  three  weeks  later  in  Linn  county,  the 
same  state.  In  1866,  Mr.  Emerson  went  to  Helena, 
Montana,  and  thence  to  Jefferson  county.  He  fol- 
lowed stock  raising  and  also  kept  the  Emerson  hotel. 
In  1872  he  was  elected  representative  to  the  state  legis- 
lature on  the  Democrat  ticket  and  later  was  chosen  as 
county  assessor.  In  1879  Mr.  Emerson  came  to  Butte, 
Montana,  and  there  remained  until  1881,  when  he  went 
to  Missoula.  In  the  fall  of  1883  he  established  the 
half-way  house  between  Trout  creek  and  Eagle  City 
and  operated  the  same  and  prospected  through  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country.  Following  this  he  was  in  busi- 

I  ness  four  years  in  Wardner;  in   1892  Mr.  Emerson 
came  to  the  Saint  Mary's  country,  homesteaded  and 

i  went  to  raising  stock.     Later  he  sold  that  place  and 
bought  his  present  home  which  is  a  fine  piece  of  land 

I   where  he  raises  cattle.     In  addition  to  this  Mr.  Emer- 
son operated  in  the  mercantile  field  for  two  years. 
On  September  3,  1857,  Mr.  Emerson  married  Miss 

I   Mary  A.  Douglas,  in  Solano  county,  California.     One 
child  has  been  born  to  them,  Nettie,  wife  of  John  Gil- 

;  lie,  of  Butte. 


JOSIAH  ROBERTS.  This  interpid  pioneer  and 
stirring  business  man  is  carrying  on  a  farm  and  also 
operating  a  hotel  which  is  known  as  the  half-way  place 
between  Saint  Maries  and  Santa,  on  the  Saint  Mary's 
I  river.  Mr.  Roberts  secured  his  land  by  homestead 
right  and  since  the  date  of  settlement  in '1893  he  has 
constantly  been  active  in  developing  the  country  and 
gaining  new  settlers  for  this  fertile  region. 

Josiah  Roberts  was  born  in  Nodaway  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  September  10,  1863,  being  the  son  of  John 
and  Elizabeth  (Corner)  Roberts.  In  1873  the  family 
came  west  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  the  father  took 
a  homestead  and  gave  his  attention  to  farming,  paying 
attention  also  to  stock  raising.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  came  in  due  time  to  the 
Inland  Empire  country,  locating  his  homestead  on  the 
Saint  Mary's  as  stated.  When  the  mining  excitement 
broke  out  at  Tyson,  Mr.  Roberts  was  among  the  very 
lirst  to  locate  in  that  section  where  he  secured  some 

some  valuable  diggings  on  his  own  homestead  which 
was  a  surprise  to  all.     Mr.  Roberts  is  a  member  of 


the  M.  W.  A.  at  Santa  and  is  a  man  of  excellent  quali- 
ties and  first-class  standing.  He  has  been  a  great 
traveler  having  made  five  trips  across  the  plains,  three 
of  which  were  made  in  1885.  He  has  had  much  trouble 
with  the  Indians  and  lost  one  hundred  head  of  stock 
besides  having  some  of  his  men  seriously  wounded. 
He  had  several  narrow  escapes  from  the  savages  him- 
self and  the  experiences  of  his  travels  would  make 
an  interesting  volume  themselves.  He  took  fifteen 
thousand  head  of  cattle  to  Texas  and  Old  Mexico  and 
in  1890  finished  this  work  and  settled  down  to  farming, 
later  coming:  to  the  favored  spot  of  the  Saint  Mary's. 
Mr.  Roberts  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  this 'vi- 
cinity and  is  a  real  pioneer  with  the  courage  and  en- 
durance to  accomplish  the  frontiersman's  labors. 


SILAS  REN  FRO,  deceased.  No  enumeration  of 
the  worthy  pioneers  of  the  Saint  Marys  region  would 
be  complete  without  special  mention  of  the  esteemed 
gentleman  to  whom  we  grant  a  memorial  in  the  vol- 
ume of  his  county's  history. 

Silas  Renfro  was  born  in  Grayson  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  January  25,  1828,  and  Mrs.  Renfro  was  born 
in  the  same  county  on  July  6,  1848.  They  removed  to 
Brown  county,  Illinois,  and  then  to  Linn  county,  Mis- 
souri, where  they  were  married  on  July  7,  1862.  Mr. 
Renfro  was  in  the  state  militia  under  Captain  Moses 
Roush  and  after  his  service  he  removed  to  Brown  coun- 
ty, Illinois.,  and  there  followed  farming  until  1865. 
Then  came  a  move  to  Henry  county,  Missouri,  and  two 
years  later  they  went  thence  to  Jasper  county,  in  the 
same  state.  Later  they  were  in  Marioti  county,  Iowa, 
and  in  1878  came  to  Lane  county,  Oregon,  where  Mr. 
Renfro  located  a  homestead.  In  1888  they  came  with 
their  cattle  and  drove  their  teams  to  Kootenai  county 
and  located  near  the  mouth  of  the  Saint  Marys,  where 
Saint  Maries  now  stands.  On  January  12,  1889,  Mr. 
Renfro  passed  away  and  the  heavy  burdens  of  caring 
for  the  family  rested  on  Mrs.  Renfro  alone.  The  de- 
ceased was  a  man  of  good  qualities  and  received  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  all.  doing  excellent  work  in  build- 
ing up  the  west.  Mrs.  Renfro  decided  to  sell  her  place 
at  the  first  location  and  did  so  in  May,  1890.  Then  she 
came  and  took  the  land  where  Santa  now  stands.  She 
went  to  work  with  a  will  and  a  keen  wisdom  and  fore- 
sight characterized  her  actions.  That  she  was  right 
in  her  calculations  is  evidenced  by  the  signal  success 
that  has  followed  her.  She  soon  saw  the  opening  for 
a  hotel  on  her  ranch  and  built  one.  She  secured  a 
postoffice  in  1894  and  has  since  continued  in  the  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  of  this  office  to  the  satisfaction  of 
all.  She  soon  sold  the  hotel,  then  built  her  present 

was  built.  She  his  steadily 'pursued"  the  way  of  busi- 
ness and  is  blessed  with  a  good  trade  in  the  mercan- 
tile line,  handles  a  feed  stable,  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
personages  of  the  southern  portion  of  the  county.  In 
the  spring  of  1902  Mrs.  Renfro  platted  a  townsite  and 
lias  sold  many  lots  since  that  time.  She  is  a  capable 
business  woman,  has  the  good  will  and  admiration  of 


960 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


all  and  is  deserving  of  the  abundant  success  and  good 
things  that  are  hers  now  to  enjoy.  Eight  children  have 
been  born  to  this  estimable  lady,  named  as  follows: 
Stephen  Edward,  Mrs.  Rhoda  A."  Post,  John  H.,  James 
B.,  Clark,  Mary  E.,  deceased,  Harvey,  Mrs.  Nora  A. 
Walkup,  Cora.  All  the  children  are  at  home  or  near, 
except  Mrs.  Post,  who  is  in  Lane  county,  Oregon.  In 
addition  to  the  enterprises  which  we  have  mentioned, 
Mrs.  Renfro  has  steadily  pursued  the  occupation  of 
raising  stock  and  now  has  a  fine  band  of  cattle.  In  the 
fall  of  1902  Mrs.  Renfro  caused  to  be  constructed  a 
residence  in  Santa,  that  has  not  its  equal  in  the  upper 
Saint  Maries  country.  It  contains  seven  rooms  and  is 
strictly  modern  and  of  neat  design. 


HENRY  R.  GRIFFUS.  Although  the  subject  of 
this  article  has  been  but  a  short  time  in  this  section 
of  the  country,  still  he  has  identified  himself  with  its 
interests  in  such  a  practical  and  strong  way  that  he  is 
considered  one  of  the  substantial  and  leading  men  of 
the  community.  Mr.  Griffus  and  son  have  some  valu- 
able mining  property  for  which  he  has  refused  three 
thousand  dollars.  In  addition  to  this  he  is  a  first  class 
millwright  and  labors  at  his  trade,  being  skillful  and 
capable. 

Henry  H.  Griffus  was  born  in  Saginaw  county, 
Michigan,  on  February  9,  1856,  where  he  grew  to  man- 
hood and  received  his  education.  He  learned  the 
trade  in  his  native  place  and  at  once  commenced  to 
labor  in  it  and  most  of  the  time  since  that  date  he 
has  wrought  with  industry  and  wisdom.  On  January 
n,  1878,  Mr.  Griffus  married  Miss  Anna  R.  Smeaton 
and  to  them  has  been  born  one  child,  John  W.,  of 
Tyson.  Mr.  Griffus  came  to  Idaho  on  September  27, 
1901,  and  soon  became  interested  in  mining  properties 
near  Tyson.  He  has  continued  here  since  and  has 
good  properties,  being  respected  and  esteemed  by  all, 
a  man  of  ability,  industry  and  integrity.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.",  Oakley  Lodge,  No.  198,  in 
Michigan,  and  is  past  grand  of  the  order. 


ELISHA  J.  WILSON  resides  two  and  one-half 
miles  southeast  from  Santa  on  the  Saint  Mary's  river, 
where  he  owns  a  good  farm  of  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
acres,  which  he  secured  from  the  government  by  home- 
stead right  in  1890.  The  place  has  some  excellent 
timber  and  contains  a  cultivated  portion  of  twenty 
acres.  Mr.  Wilson  has  good  improvements  and  is 
one  of  the  substantial  and  progressive  citizens  of  the 
county.  Mr.  Wilson  is  the  son  of  James  and  Eliza- 
beth (Harboor)  Wilson,  natives  respectively  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Ohio.  They  were  married  in  Champaign 
county,  Ohio,  and  there  our  subject  was  born  on  Au- 
gust 5,  1832.  His  great-grandfather  on  the  mother's 
side  was  in  General  Washington's  army  and  the  son 
of  this  patriot  served  in  the  war  of  1812."  When  Elisha 
was  a  child  the  family  went  to  Defiance  county,  Ohio, 
but  returned  a  few  years  later.  In  1841  they  "went  to 


Jefferson  county,  Iowa.  In  these  places  this  son  was 
ducated  and  in  1859  he  left  home  and  returned  to 
Ohio.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  was  caring 
for  his  grandmother,  a  woman  of  ninety  years,  and 
:ould  not  in  honor  leave  her  to  enlist,  although  he 
desired  to  do  so.  At  the  close  of  the  war  this  aged 
lady  passed  away  and  our  subject  returned  to  Iowa. 
In  February,  1867,  he  married  Miss  Anna  C.  Nelson,  a 
native  of  Sweden.  She  came  to  the  United  States 
when  she  was  nine  years  old.  Mr.  Wilson  farmed  in 
Iowa  for  several  years  and  then  removed  to  Blanchard 
county,  Missouri.  Three  years  after  that  he  went  to 
Beatrice,  Nebraska,  and  farmed  until  1888,  in  which 
year  he  located  near  Moscow.  In  1890  he  came  to  his 
present  place,  being  one  of  the  first  men  to  settle  here. 
He  has  done  a  noble  work  in  opening  the  country  and 
deserving  of  the  credit  always  due  the  intrepid  and 
courageous  pioneer.  Mr.  Wilson  does  general  farm- 
and  raises  some  stock.  He  has  always  been  a  pro- 
golden  years  of  his  life  he  is  entitled  to  enjoy  the  good 
things  which  his  industry  and  thrift  have  provided. 
Seven  children  have  been  born  to  this  household  and 
they  are  named  as  follows :  Frank,  in  Kootenai  coun- 
ty ;'Mrs.  Leticia  Weigle,  of  this  county;  Mrs.  Ophelia 
McGuire,  of  Moscow:  Edward,  of  Moscow;  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Renfro,  of  Santa,  Marion,  Clarence. 


HON.  SAMUEL  E.  HENRY.     This  young  and 
prominent  attorney  has  made  a  name  for  himself,  not 
only  in  Kootenai  county,  but  throughout  the  state  of 
Idaho,  which  grants  him  prestige  and  an  enviable  dis- 
tinction.    This  has  been  done  by  his  masterly  ability,   j 
not  only  in  the  practice  of  law,  wherein  he  has  gained 
a  brilliant  success,  but  also  in  the  halls  of  state  legisla- 
tion, where  he  has  left  a  record  that  causes  his  op- 
ponents to  fear  him  and  his  friends  to  give  warm  appro-    • 
bation. 

Reverting  to  his  personal  career,  we  note  that  he  i 
was  born  in  Findlay,  Ohio,  on  December  27,  1865,  be-  j 
ing  the  son  of  J.  C.  and  Levina   (Ferguson)   Henry, 
natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.    There  I 
were  twelve  children  in  the  family,  named  as  follows : 
C.  W.,  marriecl  and  living  in  Kansas ;  Samuel  E..  the  I 
subject  of  this  article;  Cora,  married;  Daisy,  wife  of  I 
W.  P.  Buell.  in  Shreveport,  Louisiana ;  Maggie,  wife 
of  James  McKeever,  in   Fremont,   Nebraska:  G.  A.,1 
married  and  living  in  Missouri  Valley.  Iowa :  Albert,  < 
married    and    living    in    Deadwood,    South    Dakota ;  1 
Francis,  married  and  living  in  Omaha,  Nebraska:  J.  I 
C.,    Jr.,    married    and    living   in    Omaha,    Nebraska; 
Laura,  married  and  living  in  Missouri;  Tutsey.   de- 
ceased: Turwines. 

The  parents  came  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  in  1871, 
and  there  the  father  did  business  as  one  of  the  leading 
shoe  merchants  until  he  retired.  He  is  now  there, 
aged  seventy-six,  and  the  mother  is  sixty-four. 

Samuel  E.  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Council 
Bluffs  and  at  Drake  University,  Des  Moines-  then 
completing  his  law  course  in  the  same  university  in  f 


-1 


HON.  SAMUEL  E.  HENRY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


961 


1889.  He  located  in  Council  Bluffs  and  practiced  un- 
til 1890,  and  then  came  to  Bonner's  Ferry  and  opened 
an  office,  where  he  has  done  a  lucrative  business  since 
that  time. 

In  1894  Mr.  Henry  married  Miss  Gertrude  M., 
daughter  of  A.  F.  and  Kate  Annis,  and  to  them  one 
child  has  been  born,  Patrick  Henry. 

In  the  political  realm  Mr.  Henry  has  done  a  fine 
work  and  has  shown  his  ability  to  the  satisfaction  of 
'  all  who  reposed  confidence  in  him.  He  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican and  imbued  with  the  patriotism  of  the  prin- 
ciples which  that  party  holds  forth.  In  1894  he  was 
nominated  to  represent  Kootenai  and  Latah  counties 
in  the  state  legislature,  and  although  the  Democrats  and 
Populists  combined  against  him  in  their  candidate, 
William  Yangaske,  he  beat  his  opponent  by  three  hun- 
dred. In  the  house  he  at  once  began  to  act  and  as- 
sisted materially  in  passing  the  irrigation  bill,  which 
was  strongly  opposed.  He  was  the  father  of  the  county 
division  bill  which  would  have  divided  Kootenai  coun- 
ty and  made  Bonner's  Ferry  the  county  seat.  The  bill 
passed  his  house  by  twenty-one  to  eleven  but  was 
•  ;d  in  the  other  house.  Mr.  Henry  killed  the  bill 
that  would  have  taken  the  institution  from  Moscow 

:  placed  a  portion  of  it  at  Weiser.    The  next  fight 

;  between  the  candidates  for  United  States  Senate, 
:they  being  Sweet  and  Shoop.  Shoop  was  finally 
elected  after  a  sixty-day  fight.  In  the  fight  regarding 
the  changing  of  the  boundaries  of  the  county  of  Blain 

I  Logan.  Mr.  Henry  held  the  house  for  three  days, 
Ithe  house  being  in  committee  of  the  whole.  At  the 


ion  and  reported  progress.  Again  the  house  went 
i  committee  of  the  whole  and  Mr.  Henry  was  ap- 
pointed chairman.  During  this  important  sitting  three 
Tof  the  most  important  bills  of  the  entire  session  were 
prepared  for  passage  and  practically  settled  and  the 
Idaho  Statesman,  commenting  upon  it,  said  if  the  house 
would  allow  Henry  to  act  as  chairman  he  would  have 
'cleared  up  the  calendar  in  twenty  minutes.  In  1899 
air.  Henry  was  again  before  the  people,  but  as  his 
fcarty  was  defeated,  he  went  with  it  and  since  that  time 
he  has  been  paying  his  attention  closely  to  the  practice 
fcf  his  profession  in  which  his  native  acumen,  deep 
penetration,  keenness,  excellent  fortification  by  constant 
and  careful  reading  have  made  him  eminently  success- 
ful and  he  is  sought  after  by  a  large  clientage. 


TOHX  McLEAN,  a  farmer  and  miner  near  Santa, 
i  the  son  of  John  and  Ann  McLean,  natives  of  the 
highlands  of  Scotland.  They  came  to  the  township 
of  Erin,  Wellington  county,  in  the  province  of  Ontario, 
in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century,  and  there 
our  subject  was  born  on  July  18,  1833.  He  was  edu- 
cated there  and  grew  to  manhood,  remaining  with 
his  parents  until  1866.  In  that  year  Mr.  McLean 
migrated  to  Whitecreek,  Huron  county,  Michigan,  and 
engaged  in  lumbering.  There,  on  November  27,  1868, 
Mr.  McLean  married  Miss  Mary  Self,  who  is  descended 
from  German  and  English  ancestry.  Thirteen  children 


were  born  to  this  marriage:  Charles  A.,  William  J., 
George,  Walter,  Daniel,  Frank,  Arthur,  Laughlin, 
Fred,  deceased,  Mrs.  Maggie  Trader,  Rachel,  Mary 
and  Lorilla.  Walter  enlisted  in  the  late  war  from 
Michigan,  but  was  mustered  out  in  the  south  before  he 
got  into  active  service.  William  J.  and  George  en- 
listed in  the  Philippine  war  from  Washington  and  went 
all  through  the  struggle  in  the  Philippine  islands. 
George  is  now  in  Oregon  City  and  William  went  to 
Great  Falls,  Montana.  Walter -went  to  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, after  the  war  and  then  shipped  to  Liverpol  as  a 
sailor,  having  had  some  considerable  experience  before 
the  mast  previous  to  this  time.  Charles  A.,  the  old- 
est son,  came  to  Spokane  and  thence  to  Camas  Cove 
mining  section  and  located  a  claim  which  he  and  his 
partner  sold  for  four  thousand  dollars.  He  also  owns 
several  mining  claims  with  his  father  and  has  a  tim- 
ber claim  which  is  valuable.  He  is  also  a  heavy  stock- 
holder in  the  Richmond  Mining  Company.  Our  sub- 
ject came  to  his  present  home  in  Santa  in  May,  1901, 
and  located  a  homestead  of  one  quarter  section.  He 
purchased  another  quarter  and  has  some  valuable  prop- 
erty. Mr.  McLean  has  always  been  an  enterprising  and 
progressive  man,  being  one  of  the  men  whose  labors 
count  for  development  and  upbuilding  in  all  lines  and 
whose  walk  is  above  reproach,  being  respected  and  es- 
teemed by  all. 


JOSEPH  T.  DUGAN.  No  mention  of  southern 
Kootenai  county  would  be  complete  were  there  fail- 
ure to  grant  consideration  to  the  well  known  gentle- 
man whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article,  since  he 
is  prominent  in  educational  circles  of  the  county  and 
also  had  much  to  do  in  opening  the  Tyson  camp  and 
is  a  man  of  ability  and  excellent  standing. 

Joseph  T.  Dugan  was  born  in  Bond  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  January  3,  1871,  being  the  son  of  John  W. 
and  Sarah  (Williams)  Dugan.  The  father  responded 
to  the  first  call  for  ninety-day  men  and  then  enisled  in 
Company  -  for  three  years.  He  served  out  this 

of  which  he  was  captain.  In  1881  'he  went  to  Fayette 
county  where  he  followed  merchandising  until  "1896 
and  then  went  to  Winslow,  Arkansas,  where  he  died 
in  March,  1902.  Our  subject  gained  his  primary 
education  in  the  common  schools  and  then  took  his  de- 
gree from  Almyra,  now  Greenville  College,  at  Green- 
ville, Illinois.  After  this  he  took  a  special  course  in 
Vandalia  state  normal  and  thus  was  especially  well 
fitted  for  teaching.  He  followed  this  important  oc- 
cupation for  four  years  in  Illinois  and  in  June.  1894, 
came  to  Rathdrum,  Idaho,  where  he  had  two  brothers 
and  one  sister  living.  Mr.  Dugan  at  once  took  up 
teaching  there  and  in~the  fall  of  1900  took  charge  of  the 
school  between  Fernwood  and  Santa.  During  va- 
cations Mr.  Dugan  followed  the  highly  interesting 
work  of  prospecting  and  has  various  claims 
cinity.  He  was  one  of  the  very  first  to  ca 
to  the  pay  dirt  in  the  vicinity  of  Tys 
went  to  work  and  the  discovery  was  mai 
some  of  the  first  ground  in  the  camp  ; 


n  the 


and  others 
He  located 


962 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


large  holding  there,  including  the  Pittsburg  Jane, 
Vandalia,  Beauty  and  others,  which  he  owns  with  his 
brothers  in  Rathdrum.  Mr.  Dugan  located  the  Cedar 
Creek  which  he  sold  to  D.  C.  Corbin  of  Spokane.  Mr. 
Dugan  has  about  as  heavy  interest  in  the  camp  as  any 
individual  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the  sec- 
tion. He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Saint  Maries 
Lodge  No.  32,  also  of  the  M.  W.  A.  of  Rathdrum.  Mr. 
Dugan  is  an  enterprising  and  capable  young  man  and 
has  the  esteem  and  good  will  of  all. 


AMOS  0.  VAN  ORSDAL.  Just  south  of  Tyson  is 
the  home  place  of  our  subject.  This  was  acquired 
from  the  government  by  homestead  right  and  is  one  of 
the  choice  pieces  of  land  in  this  vicinity,  being  both 
timber  and  hay  land.  Mr.  Van  Orsdal  has  labored 
here  with  enterprise  and  wisdom  and  has  done  a  good- 
ly share  in  developing  the  country. 

Amos  D.  Van  Orsdal  was  born  in  Keokuk,  Iowa,  on 
June  ii,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Valencourt  and  Louisa 
(Wright)  Van  Orsdal.  The  mother  died  the  year  of 
his  birth.  His  father  was  born  in  Missouri  and  cross- 
ed the  plains  in  the  early  fifties,  taking  part  in  the  min- 
ing industry  in  California.  He  also  raised  stock  and 
speculated  in  stock  considerable.  He  returned  to  Keo- 
kuk via  Panama  and  New  York,  and  there  married. 
He  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  in  Keokuk,  owning  a 
farm  where  part  of  the  city  now  stands.  He  operated 
a  livery  there  and  also  had  a  towing  boat  on  the  Miss- 
issippi' and  was  well  known  in  Iowa  and  Missouri 
until  his  death  in  1892.  Our  subject  gained  his  edu- 
cation -in  Keokuk  and  in  1888  came  to  Baker  City, 
Oregon  and  later  went  on  to  Malheur  county,  where 
his  brother-in-law,  Charles  Becker,  lived  near  Westfall, 
engaged  in  the  stock  business.  Mr.  Van  Orsdal  rode 
the  range  until  1894  and  then  came  to  Grangeville  and 
followed  freighting  until  1899,  when  he  came  to  his 
present  place,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been  identi- 
fied with  the  interests  of  this  section.  Mr.  Van  Ors- 
dal has  good  improvements  and  a  valuable  home 
place.  He  owns  the  Goldbug  quartz  and  the  Last 
Chance  placer  claims,  being  deeply  interested  in  min- 
ing here.  Mr.  Van  Orsdal  is  a  member  of  the  M. 
W.  A.  of  Santa.  He  is  a  man  entitled  to  and  the 
recipient  of  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the  entire 


SAMUEL  B.  RITCHEY.  A  well-known  busi- 
ness man  of  Tyson,  being  the  pioneer  merchant  and 
hotel  man  of  the  camp,  While  he  also  now  handles,  in 
addition  to  these  industries,  a  feed  stable  and  is  post- 
as  bo 


Ohio,  respectively.  They  were  married  in  L 
in  1853  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  and  located 
on  a  donation  claim  in  Lane  county.  There  they 
remained  until  their  death,  the  father  passing  away 


in  1891  and  the  mother  in  1899.  They  were  among 
the  earliest  pioneers  of  that  section  and  were  well 
known  and  highly  respected  people.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  his  native  place  and  came  to  Farmington, 
Washington,  locating  a  homestead  across  the  line  in 
Latah  county,  Idaho.  There  he  resided  and  did  gen- 
eral farming  until  1901,  when  he  sold  out  and  came 
to  Tyson,  taking  up  the  industries  mentioned  above. 
He  has  proved  himself  a  capable  business  man  and  is 
achieving  a  gratifying  success  in  his  labors.  Mr. 
Ritchey  was  one  of  the  first  locaters  of  mining  prop- 
erty here  and  now  has  one  placer  claim,  interests  in 
others  and  a  portion  of  the  stock  of  the  Richmond 
Gold  Mining  and  Milling  Company.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Maccabees,  and  when  in  Latah  county  was  jus-  , 
tice  of  the  peace,  and  was  also  constable  for  three 

On  December  31,  1889,  Mr.  Ritchey  married  Miss 
Emma  B.,  daughter  of  John  and  Martha  Cummings, 
who  were  among  the  earliest  pioneers  of  Latah  coui 
Thev  put  out  the  first  orchard  of  that  county, 
present  their  home  is  in  Alberta,  Canada.  Tw 
dren  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ritchey— Mel 
D.,  deceased;  Hettie  May.  Mr.  Ritchey  has  always 
shown  himself  to  be  a  progressive  and  enterprising 
citizen,  and  has  clone  a  good  part  in  the  development 
of  the  country,  being  a  man  of  public  spirit  and  gen- 
erosity. He  has  several  valuable  quartz  claims  and  | 
is  secretary  of  the  Miners'  Association  of  the  camp.  ] 


JOHN  O.  TYSON.  Among  the  pioneers  of' 
Kootenai  county  it  is  right  that  we  should  make  espe- 
cial mention  of  the  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the 
head  of  this  article,  being  a  man  of  energy,  integrity 
and  sagacity,  as  his  works  and  walk  will  show. 

John  Q.  Tyson  was  born  in  Lane  county,  Oregon, 
on  January  6,'  1866.  being  the  son  of  James  B.  and 
Mary  A.  (Price)  Tyson.    He  remained  with  his  par- 
ents near  Eugene,  Oregon,  until  1877,  and  then  they 
all    moved    to    Farmington,    Washington.     He    was 
educated  here  and  in  Oregon,  and  in  1886  took 
to  Santa  Rosa,  California,  where  he  lived  until  1890. 
Then  he  returned  to  Farmington  and  the  same  year; 
he   came   to   the    section   of   country    where   he  '  now 
resides.    Mr.  Tyson  was  pleased  with  the  country  and 
at  once  bought  the  relinquishment  of  a  man  by  the 
name  of  Ritchey.  who  was  the  only  settler  here  then, 
and  the  country"  was  wild  and  new.     Mr.  Tyson  w< 
to  work  at  farming  and  raising  stock,  and  more 
less  he  has  continued  at  this  since  that  time.     He  now  t 
owns  eighty  acres  adjoining  the  town  of  Tyson  ami 
has  it  well  improved.     In  addition  to  the  labors  men-f 
tioned  he  has  paid  considerable  attention  to  mining  ; 
and  was  one  of  the  first  to  locate  claims  in  the  now  I 
well  known  Tyson  camp.     He  has  interests  in  several  f 
valuable  quartz  and  placer  claims  and  was  one  of  th< 
incorporator?  of  the  Wasco  Mining  and  Milling  Cor 
pany,  being  one  of  the  enterprising  and  progressiv* 
citizens  of  this  country  whose  labors  have  done  a  great ;, 
deal  to  bring  it  to  its" present  development. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


963 


On  June  10,  1894,  Mr.  Tyson  married  Miss  Mary 
J.,  daughter  of  Hughes  and  Susan  East,  of  Emida. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  them — Guy,  Rich- 
ard Dewey,  Ruth.  Mr.  Tyson  has  always  been  active 
in  promoting  educational  facilities,  as  he  has  also  in 
general  progress  and  building  up  the  country  and 
i  one  of  the  substantial  and  well  respected  citizens. 


PETER  DESGRANGES,  JR.  A  miner  with  the 
true  spirit  of  '49,  as  will  be  developed  in  what  fol- 
lows, a  man  of  energy  and  ability,  well  experienced 
in  the  ways  of  business,  a  public  minded  and  progres- 
sive citizen,  one  of  the  leading  promoters  of  the  Tyson 
mining  region,  the  subject  of  this  article  should  be 
represented  in  this  history  and  with  pleasure  we  grant 
[n'm  this  consideration. 

Peter  Desgranges  was  born  in  Buffalo,  New  York, 
on  May  14,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Sophia 
(Dushan)  Desgranges.  Our  subject  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  schools  of  his  native  place  and  in  1870 
be  came  with  his  parents  to  Waverly,  Bremer  county, 
Iowa,  where  he  remained  until  1880.  In  that  year  he 
ia  San  Francisco,  Portland,  and  Walla  Walla 
to  Rockford,  Washington,  the  trip  from  Walla  Walla 
being  with  teams.  Two  small  houses  were  then  the 
sum  total  of  Rockford.  Mr.  Desgranges  took  a  home- 
stead and  later  was  connected  with  his  brother,  H. 
'.  Desgranges,  in  handling  a  newspaper  in  Rockford. 
ijAt  one  time  they  were  burned  out  and  securing  a  small 
butfit,  they  continued  the  paper  without  the  loss  of  a 
"  igle  issue.  Mr.  Desgranges  was  active  and  capable 
the  newspaper  world  and  brought  out  a  sheet  that, 
is  prized  and  approved.  On  March  I,  1900,  the  dis- 
feovery  of  gold  was  made  at  Tyson  and  our  subject 
promptly  locked  the  door  of  his  office,  bestrode  a  cay- 
Bse,  packed  another  and  made  his  way  to  the  new  fields. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  on  the  ground  and  swam  the 
raging  flood  of  the  St.  Marys  river  in  his  trip.  He  se- 
cured some  of  the  most  valuable  claims  in  the  vicinity 
tnd  has  stayed  with  the  camp  since  that  date.  He  was 
me  of  the 'organizers  of  the  Richmond  Gold  Mining 
and  Milling  Company,  it  being  the  first  company  or- 
:1  here.  Mr.  Desgranes  is  the  heaviest  stock- 


holder 


pany,  v.hich  is  verv  promising.  The  former  company 
has  the  original  discovery  claims  and  Mr.  Desgranges 
is  secretary  and  treasurer.  Mr.  Desgranges  is  doubt- 
less the  man  whose  energy  and  interest  has  done  more 
•Jfor  Tyson  than  any  other  one  man  and  he  is  deserving 
of  great  credit  for  his  labors.  On  March  5,  1903,  he 
married  Elizabeth  Evans,  who  was  born  August  21, 
1870.  at  Belmont,  Ohio. 


PINK  C.  MASHBURN.  This  worthy  and  enter- 
prising citizen,  whose  labors  have  wrought  out  an 
abundant  success  in  the  financial  world  of  Kootenai 
county,  is  entitled  to  a  place  in  its  history  because  of 
his  success,  his  ability,  his  standing,  and  his  sterling 
integrity  and  intrinsic  worth. 


Pink  C.  Mashburn  was  born  in  Cherokee  county, 
North  Carolina,  on  July  29,  1849,  being  the  son  of 
Joshua  and  Sarah  (McMahan)  Mashburn.  The  father 
died  in  1862.  Our  subject  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  was 
married  February  i,  1887,  to  Miss  Allie,  daughter  of 
Henry  and  Mary  (Hamphill)  Whitener.  The  ances- 
tors of  both  Mr  and  Mrs.  Mashburn  were  early  pio- 
neers of  the  county  of  Cherokee,  North  Carolina.  In 
[892  Mr.  Mashburn  came  west  with  his  family,  settling 
near  Oakesdale,  Washington.  One  year  later  he  came 
to  Indian  creek,  Kootenai  county,  near  what  is  now 
Sanders.  He  took  a  squatter's  right  and  improved 
the  land  until  1900,  when  he  sold  the  property  and 
bought  his  plesent  place,  at  the  mouth  of  Santa  creek. 
He  has  a  half  section  of  fine  land  in  that  place  and 
enough  more  in  other  places  to  make  over  seven  hun- 
dred acres.  He  raises  much  hay  and  also  handles  and 
raises  many  cattle.  Mr.  Mashburn  is  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  men  of  this  community  and  it  is  due  to  the 
great  wisdom  and  industry  that  he  has  manifested  in 
the  manipulation  of  his  business  affairs  in  the  time  in 
which  he  has  domiciled  here.  When  Mr.  Mashburn 
first  came  to  the  county,  he  was  possessed  of  but  little 
of  this  world's  goods  and  his  entire  holding  of  stock 
and  land  which  will  doubtless  aggregate  twenty 
thousand  dollars,  has  been  gained  here.  When  in 
Sanders,  he  was  postmaster  for  some  time.  In  politi- 
cal matters,  he  has  evinced  the  interest  that  is  becom- 
ing the  intelligent  citizen  and  is  a  progressive  and 
public  minded  citizen.  Seven  children  have  been  born 
to  our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife:  Charlie,  de- 
ceased, Florence  M.,  Benjamin  L.,  Luther  W.,  Jessie 
L.,  Ouincy  L,  deceased,  and  Olive  B. 


FRANCIS  M.  GUXN.  In  1897  we  find  that  Mr. 
Gunn  came  to  the  Santa  and  since  that  time  he  has 
been  one  of  the  leading  stockmen  of  the  country,  now- 
having  a  large  band  of  cattle,  numbering  between  one 
and  two  hundred.  He  is  a  substantial  and  esteemed 
citizen  and  has  the  good  will  of  all. 

Francis  M.  Gunn  was  born  in  Cass  county.  Mis- 
souri, on  September  17,  1860.  being  the  son  of  Tames 
M.  and  Eliza  (Wallace)  Gunn.  The  father,  who  was 


grew  up  on  a  farm  and  in  the  spring  of  1880.  started 
across  the  plains  with  teams  and  wagon.  His  sister 
and  brother-in-law,  Perry  Prettyman.  accompanied 
him.  They  came  direct  to  Whitman  county  and  lo- 
cated near  Oakesdale,  taking  a  homestead  and  engag- 
ing in  raising  stock  and  general  farming. 

On  February  16.  1882.  Mr.  Gunn  married  Miss 
Cora,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  L.  and  Angelinc  Strenge, 
who  came  from  the  state  of  Missouri.  Air.  Strenge 
came  to  California  in  1849,  then  went  to  Oregon  where 
he  was  married.  He  lived  in  Linn  county  some  time 
and  there  Mrs.  Gunn  was  born  on  April  24.  1864.  Soon 
after  that  date  the  family  moved  back  to  Missouri  and 
later  returned  to  the  west  by  team.  This  time  they 
located  near  Oakesdale  where  the  parents  now  live, 
retired.  Our  subject  remained  in  the  vicinity  of  Oakes- 


964 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


dale  until  1897.  He  was  engaged  in  general  merchan- 
dising in  Oakesdale  for  a  long  time  and  in  the  year 
mentioned  he  came  to  his  present  place  on  Santa  creek. 
He  is  living  in  the  town  of  Emida  and  attends  to  his 
stock  business  from  there.  Mr.  Gunn  is  considered  as 
one  of  the  substantial  and  capable  business  men  of  the 
country  and  has  always  been  in  the  front  in  any  line 
of  improvement.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  this 
happy  couple,  Stella  Frances,  Maude  Pearl,  deceased, 
Claude  Earl,  Nina  Pearl. 


HUGHES  EAST.  The  esteemed  and  substantial 
gentleman  and  public  minded  citizen  of  whom  we  now 
have  the  pleasure  of  speaking  was  born  in  Lawrence 
county,  Indiana,  on  December  IT,  1842,  being  the  son 
of  Hughes  and  Rosa  East.  He  grew  to  manhood  and 
was  educated  in  his  native  place.  On  September  20, 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  F.  Forty-third  Indiana 
Volunteers,  going  in  as  a  private  and  rising  by  merit 
to  the  position  of  corporal.  He  first  served  under 
General  Buell  in  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  then  was 
transferred  to  Grant's  army.  He  served  in  the  sieges 
of  Vicksburg  and  Memphis,  was  in  the  battle  of  Hel- 
ena anr!  many  skirmishes  in  Mississippi  and  then  was 
transferred  to  General  Steele's  army  in  Arkansas. 
He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Little  Rock,  fought 
Price  several  times  and  took  part  in  the  Red  river  ex- 
pedition. From  Camden  his  regiment  was  ordered 
to  Pine  Bluff  and  there  he  fought  at  Mark's  Mill  and 
received  a  wound  in  his  leg.  He  languished  in  prison 
for  a  month  and  then  was  paroled.  On  his  way  home 
he  volunteered  to  assist  in  driving  out  Morgan,  who 
was  troublesome,  and  having  clone  that  he  went  home, 
whence  he  soon  returned  to  the  front  and  served  con- 
tinuously until  June  20,  1865.  when  he  was  mustered 
out.  Mr.  East's  first  battle  was  at  Madrid,  Missouri, 
and  he  also  fought  at  Island  Xo.  10,  besides  many 
conflicts  not  mentioned  and  numerous  skirmishes. 
During  the  war  Mr.  East  was  forced  to  endure  great 
hardships,  was  in  the  heat  of  battle  or  on  the  march 
almost  constantly  and  was  always  found  to  be  a  faith- 
ful, courageous 'and  unflinching  soldier.  He  is  now 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  at  Garfield. 

While  on  the  furlough  home  Mr.  East  married 
Miss  Susan,  daughter  of  Valentine  and  Harriet  Rain- 
bolt,  the  date  of  the  wedding  being  July  12,  1864. 
Mrs.  East  was  born  in  Greene  county,  Indiana,  on 
February  n,  1842.  In  1867  they  removed  to  Jasper 
county,  Iowa,  then  to  Shelby  county,  where  they 
farmed  until  1879.  In  that  year  they  started  across 
the  plains,  having  a  family  of  six  children.  They  came 
to  the  Palouse  country  and  camped  where  Garfield  now 
stands.  They  located  a  homestead  about  two  miles 
south  and  commenced  to  improve.  Mr.  East,  on  a 
prospecting  tour,  came  to  his  present  home  place  in  the 
vicinity  of  Emida  in  1881.  Being  so  well  pleased  with 
it  he  determined  to  make  it  his  permanent  home.  In 
the  spring  of  1885  he  came  thither  with  two  others 
and  since  that  time  he  has  constantly  been  in  the  good 
work  of  improving  and  building  up  the  country.  He 


has  a  valuable  ranch,  has  handled  considerable  stock 
and  is  a  leading  citizen.  ,  In  May,  1900,  Mr.  East  en- 
gaged in  general  merchandise  and  in  August,   1902,  1 
he  sold  out  to  his  partner,  Mr.  Levi  Crow.     At  pres-  1 
ent  Mr.  East  is  leading  a  retired  life  in  Emida  and  is  j 
fully  entitled  to  enjoy  the  good  things  his  labor  ha 
provided,  for  he  has  materially  assisted  in  building 
this  section  and  was  one  of  its  very  first  settlers.    1 
and  Mrs.  East  are  the  parents  of  nine  children :    Ann 
],.,  wife  of  Joseph  Gill,  of  Kootenai  county:  Lei 
wife  of  Edward  E.  Dawson,  of  Emida;  Louisa,  w 
of  Guy  Davis,  of  Harrison;  Thomas  J.,  married 
Bessie   Sherman,   of   Emida;   Luther;   Mary,   wife 
John  Tyson,  of  Tyson ;  Katie,  Jennie  A.,  Grover.   M 
and  Mrs.  East  have  always  evinced  a  great  interest  i 
religious  and  educational  work  and  have  done  muc 
toward  uplifting  the  community  and  placing  it 
better  plane. 


WILLIAM   DAWSON.     About   a  quarter  of 
mile  from  Emida  postoffice  we  find  the  home  of  < 
subject  and  the  thrift  and  industry  that  he  has  pu 
forth  have  made  the  wild  a  fertile  farm  and     - 
him  a  valuable  and  comfortable  home  place. 

William  Dawson  was  born  in  Jasper  county,  Mis 
souri,  on  March   14,   1866.  being  the  son  of  Levi  to 
and  Charlotte   (Hays)   Dawson.     The  father  enlistee 
for  a  short  service  in  the  Confederate  army  and  the 
returned  to  his  farm.     Our  subject  grew  to  manhoo< 
in  the  native  place  and  received  his  education  th 
as  well  as  a  good  training  on  the  farm.    In  1879,  v 
his   parents.,  he   came   to  Walla   Walla,   crossing 
plains  with  teams.     Later  we  see  him  in  Spokane,  : 
in  the  vicinity  of  Waverly  the  father  took  a  homesteat 
and   there   engaged   in    general    farming   and   r; 
stock. 

On  January  19,  1888,  Mr.  Dawson  married  Mis 
Martha  J..  daughter  of  Mordecai  and  Dora  Griffith 
of  Rosalia.  In  the  fall  of '1890  he  came  to  his  pres 
ent  place  and  entered  land  as  a  homestead.  Few  set 
tiers  were  in  this  entire  region  and  our  subject,  beinj 
a  real  pioneer,  was  forced  to  endure  the  hardships  an< 
perform  the  trying  and  arduous  labors  incident  to  mak 
ing  a  fine  farm  from  the  wilderness.  He  has  given  h; 
attention  to  general  farming  somewhat,  but  is  most! 
occupied  in  raising  hay  and  stock.  He  has  eight 
acres  seeded  to  timothy  and  has  also  some  fine  spec 
mens  of  mutton  sheep,  as  well  as  some  cattle.  Ml 
Dawson  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Emida 
is  one  of  the  leading  and  substantial  men  of  this 
tion.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  this  household 
Corry  William,  Ollie,  Bertha  Pearl  and  Lillie  May. 


LEVI  CROW.  This  well  known  business  man  j 
proprietor  of  a  general  merchandise  establishment  i» 
Emida,  where  he  is  doing  a  thriving  business  and  i* 
both  popular  and  sustains  a  reputation  which  ha 
given  him  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  all. 

Levi  Crow  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Carthage, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


965 


Missouri,  on  May  17,  1868,  being  the  son  of  William 
and  Catherine  (Hays)  Crow,  natives  of  Kentucky  and 
Ohio,  respectively.  The  father  enlisted  in  Company 
E.  Thirteenth  Kansas  Cavalry  and  served  in  Kansas, 
Missouri  and  Arkansas  all  through  the  war  and  was 
honorably  discharged  at  the  close.  He  was  married 
•  1866  near  Carthage.  In  1873  he  was  killed  by  the 
kick  of  a  horse.  Our  subject  remained  with  his  mother 
until  her  death  in  1879  and  then  in  1881  came  across 
the  plains  with  his  uncle,  George  E.  Ray,  direct  to 
Thurston  county,  Washington.  He  attended  common 
school  and  finished  his  education  in  the  Collegiate 
Institute  at  Olympia.  Then  he  bought  land  and 
farmed  until  February  6,  1892,  when  he  started  for 
the  Santa  valley.  He  entered  a  homestead  about  two 
miles  below  the  present  Emida,  where  he  has  about 
sixty  acres  of  timothy  and  here  he  gave  his  attention  to 
ing  stock  until  October,  1901,  when  he  sold  his 
stock  and  took  a  half  interest  in  a  general  merchandise 
establishment  with  Mr.  East.  In  August,  1902,  Mr. 
Crow  bought  the  interest  of  Mr.  East  and  now  has  a 
fine  store.  The  building  is  24x40,  well  filled  with 
a  fine  assortment  for  the  trade  and  the  entire  establish- 

lent  breathes  of  the  business  spirit  and  enterprise  of 
the  proprietor,  while  the  community  manifest  their 
confidence  and  approval  of  Mr.  Crow's  methods  by 
granting  him  a  first-class  patronage.  Mr.  Crow  is  a 
nember  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  at  Emida,  and  has  held  the 
office  of  justice  of  the  peace  since  1893.  He  takes  an 

tive   part    in    the    educational    advancement    of    the 

untry  and  is  a  public  spirited  man. 

On  October  7,  1894,  Mr.  Crow  married  Miss  Maud 
M.  Davis,  whose  parents,  Theodore  and  Sydney  Davis, 
;Were  among  the  first  pioneers  of  the  Santa  valley. 
Three  children  were  born  to  them:  William  G.,  Rosa 
M.  and  Myrton  E.  On  June  20,  1900,  Mrs.  Crow  was 
ailed  away  by  death.  On  May  20,  1902,  Mr.  Crow 
took  to  himself  a  second  wife,  the  lady  being  Mrs. 
Eugenia  (Carton)  Norton,  who  has,  by  her  former 
husband,  one  child,  Orla  Norton.  Our  subject  is  one 
^  t  the  real  builders  of  this  section  and  his  public  spir- 
it and  enterprise  have  done  a  lion's  share  in  pressing 
|he  country  to  the  front  and  in  building  it  up  and 


THOMAS  H.  FENN.  A  worthy  pioneer,  who 
descended  from  one  of  the  pioneer  families  of  the 
aorthwest,  a  reliable  and  upright  man,  a  public  minded 
and  progressive  citizen,  it  is  proper  that  an  epitome  of 
the  career  of  our  subject  be  granted  space  in  the  his- 
tory of  Kootenai  county. 

.  Thomas  H.  Fenn  w'as  born  in  Springfield.  Illinois, 
on  March  29,  1845,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Eliza- 
beth (Jory)  Fenn.  natives  of  Illinois,  In  one  of  the 

tile  train  that  Dr.  Whitman  led  across  the  plains,  our 
subject  was  brought  by  his  parents  from  his  native 
place  to  Oregon  City.  This  was  accomplished  by  ox 
teams  about  1847.  The  father  made  a  trio  to  Cali- 
fornia and  was  one  of  the  fortunate  ones  in  mining. 


and,  returning,  he  took  a  donation  claim  near  Albany, 
which  was  the  home  until  the  early  seventies,  when  he 
came  to  where  Rosalia  now  stands,  took  land  and 
made  a  home,  where  he  died  in  1877.  He  was  a  vet- 
eran in  the  Indian  fights  in  Oregon  and  had  the  hard- 
ships of  hauling  all  his  supplies  from  \Valla  Walla 
when  at  Rosalia.  Our  subject  remained  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Rosalia  until  1887  and  then  came  to  the  St. 
Alarys  river.  The  following  year  he  came  to  the  pres- 
ent site  of  Fernwood,  where  he  took  a  squatter's  right 
and  began  improving.  He  continued  in  raising  general 
farm  products  until  1902.  when  he  platted  a  portion 
of  the  land  and  established  the  town  of  Fernwood. 
The  original  name  was  Fennwood,  from  Mr.  Fenn, 
but  the  postoffice  department  mistook  and  printed  it 
Fernwood,  and  refused  to  rectify  the  mistake.  It  is 
a  bright  little  hamlet  and  promises  a  prosperous  fu- 
ture. Lumbering  and  mining  are  the  principal  indus- 
tries and  agriculture  will  be  more  pronounced  in  the 
future.  The  little  log  cabin  where  Mr.  Fenn  spent 
the  first  few  years  stands  yet.  It  is  a  goodly  specimen 
of  the  pioneer  architecture  and  with  its  spacious  fire- 
place, its  smoke-begrimed  walls  and  its  diminutive 
size,  speaks  with  eloquent  voice  of  the  pioneer's 
struggles  and  the  charm  even  of  the  bare  little  hut 
which  goes  by  the  name  of  home.  Mr.  Fenn  weath- 
ered all  the  hardships,  made  pilgrimages  to  the  Pa- 
louse  country,  packing  his  blankets,  to  earn  money  to 
buy  food  and  is  now  entitled  to  the  prosperity  that  has 
come  and  is  coming  to  crown  his  faithful  labors.  All 
honor  to  the  intrepid  pioneers,  all  honor  to  the  cour- 
age that  could  pass  the  lonely  winter  nights  and  the 
lonelier  days  sometimes,  and  endure  all  the  hardships 
of  the  rugged  frontiersman  with  never  a  complaint 
or  a  sigh,  that  the  grand  new  country  could  be  opened 
up  to  the  settlement  and  for  the  homes  of  the  more  timid 
one  to  follow.  Such  a  worthy  labor  has  been  accom- 
plished by  Mr.  Fenn  and  he  "is  now  privileged  to  see 
the  crowning  of  the  enterprise  by  the  gathering  set- 
tlers and  opening  industries. 


CLARENCE  CHAMBERS.  Among  those  who 
deserve  mention  in  the  history  of  Kootenai  county 
we  are  constrained  to  name  the  subject  of  this  article 
and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  can  speak  of  him  as  an 
upright,  capable  and  reliable  citizen  whose  labors  have 
done  much  for  the  development  of  the  country. 

Clarence  Chambers  was  born  in  Knox  county,  In- 

Carey  and  i  I  nrv  "(  Maxwell)  Chambers,  natives  of  In- 
diana and  North  Carolina,  respectively.  In  the  fall 
of  1872  the  family  came  to  Linn  county,  Oregon,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1877  they  came  to  Whitman  county, 
where  the  father  took  land  and  improved  it.  This 


. 

oscow  and  in  1888  he  sold  the  farm  and 
moved  to  the  Hoodoo  mines  in  Latah  county.  Three 
years  later  he  went  to  California  and  thence  he  re- 
turned to  Palouse,  where  he  remained  until  his  death, 
November  10,  1901.  The  widow  went  back  to  San 
Francisco,  where'  she  still  remains.  Our  subject  early 


966 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


went  into  the  lumbering  business  and  also  devoted 
considerable  attention  to  trapping  the  various  game  of 
the  mountains.  He  spent  three  winters  thus  in  the 
Clearwater  country  and  was  successful  in  the  enter- 
prise. Next  we  see  him  engaged  on  the  Saint  Mary's 
river  in  the  same  occupation  and  many  is  the  lusty  bear 
and  cunning  cougar  that  have  fallen  into  his  snares, 
Mr.  Chambers  has  been  speculating  in  timber  and  has 
gained  a  gratifying  success  in  this  line.  He  is  at  pres- 
ent living  in  Fernwood,  where  he  has  a  comfortable 
residence  of  five  rooms  and  some  other  property. 

On  August  13,  1899,  Mr.  Chambers  married  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  and  Annie  (Piper) 
Rusnell.  Mr.  Rusnell  is  now  living  in  Fernwood. 
One  child  has  been  born  to  this  happy  union,  Ray, 
born  March  15,  1900.  Mr.  Chambers  came  to  this 
country  when  it  was  wild  and  uninhabited  and  has 
remained  continuously  in  the  excellent  labors  of  devel- 
opment and  building  up  with  a  courage  and  enterprise 
that  are  worthy  to  be  recognized  and  which  have  done 
much  good  for  this  section,  not  only  in  the  actual  la- 
dished,  but  in  stimulating  others  to  action 


JOHN  C.  BOWMAN.  Among  those  who  have 
done  excellent  work  in  the  development  of  southern 
Kootenai  county  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the 
agriculturist  and  stockman  whose  name  appears 
above. 

John  C.  Bowman  was  born  in  Stone  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  January  2,  1850,  being  the  son  of  John  C.  and 
Elizabeth  (Dewey)  Bowman.  Our  subject  grew  up 
on  a  farm  with  his  parents  and  during  the  awful  times 
of  the  war  the  family  were  forced  to  flee  from  their 
home  on  account  of  the  dire  destruction  that  resulted 
from  opposing  armies,  who  were  sweeping  back  and 
forth  over  the  stricken  country.  All  the  settlers  of 
this  region  were  also  forced  to  flee  for  their  lives. 
Our  subject  and  his  parents  went  to  Dallas  county 
and  when  the  smoke  of  strife  ceased  they  returned  to 
the  farm  only  to  find  blackened  ruins  of  all  their  im- 
provements. Two  uncles  and  one  brother  of  Mr. 
Bowman  were  killed  in  the  war.  The  father  settled 
on  his  farm  and  went  to  improving  it.  Our  subject 
remained  there  until  1873  and  on  December  24th  of 
that  year  he  as  married  in  Taney  county  to  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Martha  'May,  who 
removed  to  California,  where  the  father  died,  but  the 
mother  is  still  living  in  San  Bernardino  county.  In 
1875  Mr.  Bowman  started  across  the  plains  with  ox 
teams.  His  family  consisted  of  wife  and  one  child 
when  he  started  and  two  children  when  they  landed 
in  Crook  county,  Oregon,  six  months  after  the  start. 
Soon  they  went  to  Lane  county  and  thence  in  1877 
they  journeyed  to  where  Fairfiekl,  Washington,  now 
stands.  He  entered  a  homestead  and  improved  it  and 
was  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  there  until  1899, 
when  he  went  to  Mexico  for  the  health  of  one  of  his 
boys.  One  winter  was  spent  there  and  Mr.  Bowman 
came  to  Saint  Maries,  purchasing  his  present  place, 


two  and  one-half  miles  above  the  town.  He  has  a 
quarter  section,  comfortable  buildings  and  gives  his 
attention  to  general  farming  and  raising  stock.  Six 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bowrr 
named  as  follows:  Alvin,  James  Pope,  deceased,  Ada, 
wife  of  Levi  Laird,  an  engineer  on  the  steamer  Schley; 
William,  Elsie,  deceased,  and  Earl.  Mr.  Bowman 
and  his  estimable  wife  are  important  additions  to  the 
society  of  this  region  and  have  made  many  warm  and 
true  friends  and  are  highly  respected,  having  the  good 
will  of  all. 


HENRI  ROCHAT  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneei 
of  the   Saint  Joseph   river   country,   coming   here  i 

1884.  His  fine  hay  ranch  is  located  nine  miles  above 
Saint  Maries  on  the  north  side  of  the  Saint  Joseph 
liver.    We  are  especially  pleased  to  grant  him  a  rep 
sentation  in  this  volume,  as  he  has  always  been  an  up- 
right and  loyal  citizen  and  a  valuable  member  of  the 
community,  having  ever  voiced  and  demonstrated  the 
principles  of  truth  and  uprightness. 

Henri  Rochat  was  born  in  Le  Pont,  Switzerland, 
on  July  5,  1828.    He  gained  his  educational  training 
the  schools  of  his  native  place  and  then  learned  the 
watchmaker's  trade.     At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  com- 
menced at  this  trade  and  more  or  less  since  that  tim 
he  has  continued  it.    In  1852  he  emigrated  from  Switz- 
erland to  New  York,  then  went  to  Virginia,  but  as  the 
climate  was  too  warm  and  he  was  opposed  to  slavery 
from  principle,  he  returned  to  the  banks  of  the  Hud- 
son and  there  wrought  at  his  trade  and  also  gave  much  1 
of  his   time   to   the   instruction  of  the   free   negroes.  j 
Two  years  later  he  returned  to  Switzerland.    Soon  aft-  I 
erward  he  came  again  to  the  United  States,  but  desir-  J 
ing  to  seek  his  life  helpmeet  from  his  own  country-! 
women,  he  returned  to  Switzerland  and  there  on  Sep-i 
tember  2,  1856,  Mr.  Rochat  married  Miss  Fanny  Ros-  j 
selet.     She  shared  his  life  and  faithfully  walked  with  I 
him  until  September  14,   1874,  when  she  went  to  bel 
with  the  Lord.     Immediately  after  his  marriage  Mr.  1 
Rochat  came  to  this  country  again  and  settled  in  St.  1 
Paul,  Minnesota.     He  engaged  there  in  the  jewelry  I 
business  and  was  favored  with  a  fine  patronage  and  i 
abundantly    prospered,    but    when    the    wife    died    he 
deemed  it  best  to  return  to  the  old  country,  and,  ac-« 
cordingly,  in  1875,  he  took  his  little  flock  of  six  chil-j 
dren  and  made  the  journey  to   Switzerland,   settling! 
in  his  old  home  place,  which  was  known  as  the  French-I 
Port.      About    eight    years    were    spent   in    different 
places  in  the  old  country  and  then  he  brought  the  fam- 
ily back  to  this  country  and  went  to  Walla   Walla.  ;. 
His  daughter,  Matilda,  had  learned  the  watchmaking 
trade  and  started  a  jewelry  store  in  Walla  Walla  and 
Mr.  Rochat  wrought  with' her.     She  was  well  known', 
as  the  lady  watchmaker.    During  that  time  Mr.  Rochat 
went  to  the  Sound  country,  taking  his  son,  Paul     The 
latter   remained   there   and   the   father   came   back  to:: 
Walla  Walla.     Later  he  made  another  trip,  taking  his 
son  William  that  time.     As  stated  above,  Mr.  Rochat 
came  to  the  Saint  Joseph  river  in  1884  and  in  June, 

1885,  located  his  present  place,  which  doubtless  is  one! 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


967 


of  the  best  places  on  the  river.  He  and  his  two  sons 
now  own  one  section  of  land.  He  has  a  good  six-room 
house,  large  barns  and  a  band  of  cattle.  Mr.  Rochat 
is  one  of  the  thrifty  and  substantial  men  of  the  com- 
munity. 

The  children  born  to  Mr.  Rochat  and  his  devoted 
wife  are  named  below:  Eugene;  Mrs.  Eva  Thonney, 
of  Walla  Walla :  Mrs.  Anna  Berney,  of  Walla  Walla ; 
Matilda,  now  deceased;  Paul,  married  to  Miss  Leah 
Jacot,  to  whom  have  been  born  five  children,  Mark, 
August,  Helene,  Rose  and  Emily;  William,  married 
to  Helene  De'Lepine,  and  to  them  has  been  born  one 
child,  Matilda. 

Mr.  Rochat  was  formerly  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church,  but  being  exorcised  as  to  the  correct- 

sideration  in  the  light  of  the  Scriptures  alone  and  be- 
came thoroughly  convinced  that  the  church  spoken  of 
in  the  Bible," 'The  body  of  Christ,"  was  a  very  differ- 
ent thing  from  the  sects  of  man's  organization.  Be- 
lieving this,  he  was  forced  to  withdraw  from  his 
church  membership,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been 
without  the  "camp"  gathered  "unto  His  Name"  alone. 
This  position  has  of  course  brought  him  face  to  face 
in  opposition  to  the  popular  teachings  in  religious  mat- 
ters of  the  day.  While  he  firmly  believes  the  truth 
of  the  principles  that  his  stand  bears  a  testimony  to, 
how  faithfully  he  has  made  his  works  show  his  faith 
is  a  matter  in  which  all  who  know  him  may  testify. 
Mr.  Rochat  has  brought  his  children  up  in  this  faith 
of  the  Bible,  always  firmly  believing  that  the  Scriptures 
meant  what  they  "said  and  said  what  they  meant.  He 
is  held  in  esteem  by  all  who  know  him  and  the  golden 
days  of  the  vears  of  his  life  are  being  spent  in  rest  on 
the  strong  "Rock"  where  he  has  buildecl,  in  the  se- 
curity of  the  "strong  tower"  wherein  he  has  run,  and 
in  the  sweet  consolation  of  the  words  spoken  to  the 
separated  ones,  "I  will  be  a  Father  unto  you." 


ALBERT  B.  ALLEN.  The  valley  of  the  Saint 
Joseph  and  the  Saint  Maries  river  has  been  opened  as 
has  the  other  frontier  countries  of  the  west,  by  the 
hardship  and  sturdy  efforts  on  the  part  of  the  stanch 
pioneers  who  made  their  way  hither  in  the  early  days 
and  who  fought  and  overcame  the  forces  of  nature  con- 
gregated against  them.  Mr.  Allen  is  one  of  the  wor- 
thy number  who  has  a  goodly  part  in  this  development 
work  and  is  to  be  mentioned  with  the  pioneers  of  this 
section. 

Albert  B.  Allen  was  born  in  Piketon,  Ohio,  on  Sep- 
tember 24,  1869.  being  the  son  of  George  W.  and  Cath- 
erine (Socks)  Allen.  The  father  served  in  the  Union 
army.  Our  subject  attended  the  common  schools  of 
his  native  place  and  grew  up  on  a  farm.  Later  he  was 
favored  with  the  training  of  the  high  schools.  His 
mother  died  when  he  was  twelve  and  his  father  is  now 
living  at  Decatur,  Illinois.  In  1891  Albert  came  to 
Spokane.  Washington,  and  shortly  afterwards  made 
his  way  to  Harrison  and  thence  in  January,  1892.  came 
over  the  ice  to  his  present  place.  His  farm  is  located 


near  Saint  Joe  and  consists  of  three  hundred  acres 
of  fine  meadow  and  timber  land.  It  was  a  very  differ- 
ent country  when  Mr.  Allen  tramped  over  the  ice  to 
take  a  home  place  and  his  labors  have  made  a  great 
change.  He  has  good  timothy  meadows,  fields  and  so 
forth  and  his  residence  is  a  fine  new  eight-room  house. 
He  has  a  large  barn  and  handles  Jersey  and  Short- 
horn cattle.  Mr.  Allen  owned  and  operated  the  De- 
fender in  1898,  but  sold  out. 

On  May  21,  1902,  Mr.  Allen  married  Miss  Grace, 
daughter  of  Arthur  A.  and  Cora  E.  Harvey,  natives 
of  Michigan.  Mrs.  Allen  was  born  at  Maple  Rapids. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harvey  now  live  on  the  Saint  Joseph 
river  near  Saint  Joe.  Mr.  Allen  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Coeur  d'Alene  Lodge,  No.  34.  He  is  a 
well  respected  man  and  stands  well  in  the  community. 


GEORGE  L.  HAYS.  The  name  of  Captain  Hays 
is  familiar  to  all  dwellers  in  the  regions  of  Saint  Joe 
and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  lake.  He  is  favorably  known 
also  wherever  he  is  acquainted.  His  home  is  situated 
on  the  Saint  Toseph  river,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  above  the 
town  of  Saint  Joe.  He  has  a  fine  meadow  of  ninety 
acres  in  timothy,  good  residence,  commodious  barns, 
and  all  outbuildings  needed,  and  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial and  prosperous  men  of  this  section.  In  addition; 
to  the  industry  of  raising  hay  Mr.  Hays  has  a  band  of 
Jersey  cattle.  ' 

Reverting  to  his  personal  career,  we  note  that  it 
began  in  Pike  county,  Ohio,  on  September  27,  1834, 
his  parents  being  James  and  Margaret  Hays.  His 
native  place  was  in  the  Scioto  valley.  He  grew  up  on 
the  farm  and  attended  the  public  schools,  some  times 
held  in  the  log  cabins.  On  August  6,  1856,  he  married 
Miss  Emily  E.,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Matilda  Cole- 

In  September,  1862,  Air.  Hays  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany B,  One  Hundred  and  Seventeenth  Ohio,  and  his 
regiment  was  afterwards  transferred  to  the  First  Ohio 
Heavy  Artillery.  He  went  in  as  private,  was  promoted 
to  a  second  lieutenancy  in  Company  B,  One  Hundred 
and  Seventeenth  Ohio,  was  mustered  out  and  received 
a  commission  as  first  lieutenant,  was  mustered  out 
again  and  commissioned  captain.  He  was  in  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  and  served  under  General  Sher- 
man most  of  the  time.  He  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Wataga  river,  was  in  many  close  places  and  hot 
skirmishes,  where  he  did  hard  fighting,  but  was  never 

that  he  made  as  a  commissioned  officer  and  can  give 
an  account  of  every  man  in  his  company.  He  also  has 
his  muster  out  roll  Three  years  and  twelve  days  he 
served  and  then  took  his  honorable  discharge  and  went 
to  Ohio.  He  organized  a  couple  of  militia  companies 
and  drilled  them,  holding  the  position  of  < 


At  the 


not  on 


the  Haymarket  square  in  Cincinnati  hi; 
called  out  to  quell  the  affair.  Captain  Hayes  has 
been  commander  of  the  Hibbens  Post  of  the  G.  A.  R. 
at  Piketon,  Ohio,  for  two  terms.  He  is  now  a  member 


p68 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  A.  T.  McReynold's  Post,  No.  34,  at  Coeur 
d'Alene.  In  1856  Mr.  Hays  was  made  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Piketon  Lodge,  No.  323,  and  since 
that  time  he  has  held  his  membership  there.  He  has 
never  been  behind  in  his  dues  and  has  taken  a  benefit 
but  once. 

In  1872  Captain  Hays  built  a  roller  mill  at  Piketon 
and  operated  it  until  1883.  In  1889  he  came  to  Spo- 
kane and  in  March,  1890,  he  came  to  his  present  loca- 
tion, taking  one  hundred  and  forty-eight  acres  as  a 
squatter  on  the  south  side  of  the  river.  Few  settlers 
were  here  then  and  the  Captain  has  been  a  real  pioneer 
in  this  section. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hays  there  have  been  born  the 
following  named  children:  Margaret,  wife  of  John 
J.  Patterson,  of  Portland,  Oregon;  Emily,  wife  of 
John  J.  Ross,  on  the  Saint  Joseph  river;  Hattie, 
wife  of  Frank  Bishop,  of  Coeur  d'Alene ;  George  W. ; 
Kate  M.,  wife  of  Harris  McConaughy,  of  Portland, 
Oregon.  The  Captain  and  Tiis  wife  are  devoted  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  church  and  are  upright  and  high- 
ly respected  people. 


GEORGE  O.  NEWCOMB.  The  valuable  estate 
of  Mr.  Newcomb  lies  on  the  Saint  Joseph  river  about 
two  miles  above  the  town  of  St.  Joseph  and  consists 
of  something  over  on  half  section.  It  is  valuable  hay 
land  and  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres  will  raise  tim- 
othy, one  hundred  acres  being  now  in  timothy.  It  is 
one  of  the  fine  hay  ranches  on  the  river  that  is  noted 
for  raising  excellent  timothy.  Part  of  this  land  lies 
in  Shoshone  county  and  part  lies  in  Kootenai  county. 

Mr.  Newcomb  'is  the  son  of  George  O.  and  Cath- 
erine A.  (O'Conner)  Newcomb.  They  were  natives 
of  New  York  and  our  subject's  grandfather  New- 
comb  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  while  his  great- 
grandfathers on  both  sides  of  the  house  were  partici- 
pants in  the  Revolution.  The  parents  came  to  Mexico 
from  New  York  state,  thence  to  San  Francisco  and 
thence  to  Sacramento,  in  which  last  place  their  son, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  on  March  24,  1857. 
The  father  kept  the  Orleans  Hotel  in  Sacramento  for 
fourteen  years  and  also  operated  the  Brooks  Hotel  on 
the  beach  in  San  Francisco.  Our  subject  received  his 
early  education  in  California  and  soon  started  in  life 
for  himself.  He  traveled  all  over  the  western  states 
and  many  portions  of  the  eastern  ones.  In  1880  he 
went  to  Oregon,  then  to  Utah  and  in  1891  he  came  to 
his  present  place.  He  took  a  homestead  and  added  by 
purchase  until  he  has  his  present  estate.  Mr.  New- 
comb  has  a  comfortable  house,  large  barns,  substantial 
outbuildings  and  all  the  improvements  called  for  on 
the  ranch  and  his  place  bears  an  appearance  of  thrift 
that  bespeaks  the  industry  and  good  management  of 
the  proprietor.  He  also  owns  a  band  of  good  graded 
Shorthorn  cattle.  Mr.  Newcomb  is  a  Royal  Arch  Ma- 
son, having  been  made  a  Mason  in  New  York.  He  has 
held  and  still  holds  the  position  of  justice  of  the  peace 
in  his  precinct. 

On  March  29,  1898,  Mr.  Newcomb  married  Miss 


Rebecca  J.  Evans,  of  Buffalo,  New  York,  and  two 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  George  Evans  and 
Edward  Revington. 


EDWARD  DIGHTON.  Among  the  prosperous 
hay  raisers  of  the  St.  Joseph  valley  is  to  be  men- 
tioned the  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this 
article.  His  fine  place  of  one  half  section  is  located 
on  the  banks  of  the  river  at  St.  Joe  and  is  one  of  the 
best  hay  ranches  in  the  state  of  Idaho.  He  has  three 
large  hay  barns,  a  good  six-room  house  and  all  the  im- 
provements that  are  needed  on  the  place. 

Edward  Dighton  was  born  in  India,  on  December 
30,  1851,  being  the  son  of  John  H.  and  Caroline 
Dighton.  The  father  was  a  captain  in  the  British  army 
and  was  stationed  in  India.  He  is  now  retired  and 
lives  in  the  old  home  place,  known  as  the  Oak  House, 
in  Newland,  Gloucester  county,  England.  The  mother 
lives  there  also.  When  Edward  was  a  child  he  was 
taken  to  England  and  educated  in  some  of  the  leading 
colleges  of  that  country.  After  his  school  days,  he 
gave  attention  to  the  oversight  of  his  father's  estates 
until  1879,  when  he  came  to  the  United  States.  Land- 
ing at  New  York  he  came  thence  to  St.  Peter,  Minne- 
sota, and  three  years  later  went  over  the  Northern 
Pacific  to  Rathdrum.  Later  he  came  to  Coeur  d'Alene 
and  in  1884  he  settled  on  his  present  place,  taking  a 
squatter's  right.  Mr.  Dighton's  place  is  not  only  a 
valuable  place,  but  it  is  also  a  very  beautiful  place. 
He  raises  much  stock,  having  some  fine  blooded  cattle 
and  also  some  good  horses.  Mr.  Dighton  came  to  this 
country  with  but  very  little  of  this  world's  goods,  but 
now  he  has  acquired  a  first-class  holding  of  good  div- 
idend paying  property. 

On  April  30,  1893,  Mr.  Dighton  married  Miss 
Annie  Machen,  an  old  acquaintance  from  the  old 

ntry.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dighton  are  highly  resepected 
nd  have  host 


people   and   are   este 
friends  from  all 
society. 


f 
and  are  valuable  members  of 


med 


WILLIAM  O'NEAL.  At  the  head  of  navigation 
on  the  Saint  Joseph  river,  in  a  spot  where  the  river 
forms  the  boundary  of  the  grounds  on  three  sides, 
stands  the  attractive  and  tasty  hotel  and  summer  re- 
sort of  the  subject  of  this  article.  He  has  a  fine  two-  j 
story  building,  twenty-one  bedrooms,  large  and  airy 
office,  excellent  cuisine  and  dining  apartments,  while  j 
his  parlors  are  fitted  up  in  exquisite  shape  and  the 
buildings  are  provided  with  pleasant  nooks  and 
porches  and  verandas,  which  offer  inviting  retreats 
of  refreshments  in  this  salubrious  climate.  The  es- 

is  provided  for  entertainment  and  comfort  of  guests 
that  can  be  arranged  and  it  is  a  pleasant  place  to  re-  j 
tire  from  the  worry  of  business  and  gain  the  joy  and 
Hfe  to  be  had  in  the  fresh  air  and  charming  surround- 


T  O'Nez 


born   in   Harrisville,  Alcona 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


county,  Michigan,  on  April  26,  1861,  being  the  son  of 
Matthew  and  Catherine  (Miller)  O'Neal.  The  father 
was  a  native  of  Canada  and  the  mother  of  Germany 
and  they  were  married  in  Monroe,  Michigan,  and  la- 
ter removed  to  Harrisville,  being  the  earliest  pioneers 
of  that  section.  The  father  died  in  August,  1898,  but 
the  mother  is  still  living  on  the  old  homestead.  Will- 
iam was  brought  up  on  a  farm  and  also  followed  lum- 
bering, receiving,  when  a  boy,  a  good  education  from 
the  common  schools.  He  was  in  the  employ  of  Alger, 
Smith  &  Company  for  twenty-five  years,  Mr.  Alger  be- 
ing the  ex-secretary  of  war.  Much  of  the  time  he  had 
charge  of  a  camp  and  understands  the  lumber  busi- 
ness thoroughly. 

On  July  iij  1887,  Mr.  O'Neal  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  David  and  Sarah  Ducharme,  whose  par- 
ents were  of  French  extraction  and  residents  of  Can- 
ada. In  1889  Mr.  O'Neal  came  to  Saint  Maries  and 

;  opened  a  hotel  and  in  the  spring  of  1901  he  came  to 
his  present  place  and  purchased  something  over  twen- 
ty acres  and  built  the  establishment  spoken  of  above. 
He  has,  in  addition,  a  separate  building  with  a  fine 

\  bar  stocked  with  choice  wines,  liquors  and  tobaccos. 
In  addition  to  this  fine  property  Mr.  O'Neal  has  a 

!  timber  claim  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres.  He  is 
doing  a  good  business  and  is  being  prospered. 

Mr.  O'Neal  is  a  member  of  the  Foresters  at  Harri- 
son and  is  distributing  clerk  for  this  precinct. 


JOHN  W.   SKELTON   is  a  prominent  business 


Skelton  &  Warren,  general  merchants  of  that  town, 
and  he  has  made  a  good  record  and  a  gratifying  suc- 
cess in  his  business  enterprises,  while  he  stands  well 
and  is  one  of  the  men  whose  numerous  friends  are 
numbered  from  every  class. 

John  W.  Skelton"  was  born  in  Polk  county,  Tennes- 

I  see,  on  November  II,  1861,  being  the  son  of  William 
and  Jane  M.  (Hannah)  Skelton,  natives  of  Tennes- 
see. The  father  served  in  the  Confederate  army,  un- 

:  der  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  and  the  war  devas- 
tated his  property  so  that  in  1866  he  left  Tennessee  and 

,  went  to  Washington  county,  Arkansas,  where  our  sub- 
ject was  reared  and  educated.  His  primary  training 
was  received  in  the  common  schools,  and  then  in  the 
Prairie  Grove  College  he  finished  his  education.  He 
taught  school  for  a  time  and  in  1886  he  married  Miss 

j  Martha,  daughter  of  Hardv  and  Elizabeth  Warren, 
and  together  they  came  to  Whitman  county  in  1887. 
They  located  near  Oakesdale  on  a  homestead  and  im- 
proved it  and  it  formed  the  familv  home  until  1898. 
In  that  year  Mr.  Skelton  came  to  Saint  Maries  and  in 
company  with  his  brothers-in-law,  Charles  G.  and 
James  M.  Warren,  he  started  a  general  merchandise 
establishment.  At  first  they  opened  on  a  small  scale, 
but  by  kind  and  deferential  treatment  of  patrons,  a 
wise  and  careful  handling  of  stock,  they  have  built  tip 
a  large  trade  and  are  leading  merchants  of  the  county. 
Charles  G.  sold  out  to  our  subject  and  to  James  M. 
Warren  and  the  firm  is  composed  as  stated  above. 


They  carry  a  large  stock  of  general  merchandise  and 
as  well  selected  and  appropriate  for  the  country  as  is 
to  be  found  anywhere.  They  also  own  a  large  two- 
story  structure  thirty  by  eighty  feet,  in  the  first  story 
of  which  is  their  business.  The  second  story  is  used 
for  a  lodge  room  and  an  opera  house.  In  addition  they 
have  the  building  used  by  them  before  this  was  erected. 
Mr.  Skelton  has  a  fine  residence  and  also  other  prop- 
erty. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Skelton  is  affiliated  with  the  M.  W. 
A.,  Camp  No.  8555,  and  with  the  Saint  Maries  Lodge, 
No.  32,  of  the  L  O.  O.  F.,  being  a  charter  member 
and  past  grand  of  the  latter  order.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Skelton  have  been  blessed  with  six  children,  named 
as  follows :  William  Roy.  deceased,  Elizabeth  I.,  Lou. 
James  Robert.  Maud  and  Una.  Mr.  Skelton  has  made 
a  good  record  in  his  business  career,  having  been  uni- 
versallv  successful  since  he  came  west  and  he  has  ac- 
cumulated a  goodly  holding. 


WILLIAM  S.  COLE.  Saint  Maries  has  been 
fortunate  from  the  start  in  getting  a  class  of  men  who 
:;re  enterprsing  and  have  the  interests  of  the  town  at 
heart  and  are  possessed  of  ability  sufficient  to  carry- 
forward the  various  industries  that  combine  to  make 
a  live  and  progressive  town.  Among  this  number  is 
to  be  mentioned  the  gentleman  whose  name  initiates 
this  article  and  who  stands  at  the  head  of  one  of  the 
most  important  industries  of  the  section,  namely  that 
of  cheese  making.  Saint  Maries  is,  and  will  be,  dis- 


of  home  plants  to  handle  the  products  of  the  ranches 
will  be  of  untold  benefit  to  the  community.  To  the 
keen  foresight  and  energy  of  Mr.  Cole  is  to  be  credited 
the  initial  move  in  this  direction.  A  brief  review  of  his 
life  will  be  interesting  matter  in  the  county  history 
and  therefore  we  append  it. 

William  S.  Cole  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Spring- 
field, Illinois,  on  December  26,  18^9,  beine  the  son  of 
Tohn  and  Rebecca  (Montanye)  Cole.  While  he  was 
a  child  the  familv  went  to  Scott  county,  Minnesota, 
and  he  was  reared  on  a  farm.  They  dwelt  a  time  in 
Renville  county,  and  when  William  was  twenty  years 
of  age  he  went'to  Page  county,  Iowa,  where  his  parents 
had  preceded  him  and  in  College  Springs  he  appren- 
ticed himself  to  learn  the  important  business  of  cheese 
making.  Havine  perfected  himself  in  this  labor  he 
rame  west  to  Portland,  Oregon,  the  date  being  1887. 
The  next  spring  he  went  to  Ritzville.  Washington,  en- 
bonglit  railroad  land  and  improved  the  same.  In 
1890  he  went  to  Postfalls  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same 
vear  he  came  to  Saint  Maries.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  and  various  labors  engaged  him  until 
1896,  having  in  the  meantime  taken  a  preemption. 
Then  he  took  a  trip  to  his  old  home  in  Iowa.  In  the 
spring  of  1897,  accompanied  by  his  brother.  Joseph  A., 
he  came  west  and  together  they  built  the  Saint  Maries 
cheese  factory  and  in  1898  started  the  industry.  From 
the  outset,-  the  factory  was  a  success  and  as  the  fine 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


quality  of  its  productions  became  more  and  more 
known,  there  could  not  enough  be  manufactured  to 
allow  of  shipment,  as  the  home  demand  was  sufficient 
to  consume  it  all.  No  higher  commendation  could  be 
given  to  the  institution  than  his.  The  skill  and  busi- 
ness ability  of  the  management  which  rests  in  our 
subject  are  apparent  in  thus  gaining  a  fine  success 
from  the  start.  The  factory  is  a  story  and  one-half 
structure,  the  upper  part  being  rented  out.  In  addi- 
tion to  a  two-thirds  interest  in  this  business  and  plant, 
the  brothers  own  a  hay  ranch  of  two  hundred  and  forty 
acres  above  the  town,  a  five-acre  tract  in  the  town, 
and  a  nice  modern  dwelling  of  eight  rooms,  also  some 
town  property.  Joseph  A.  is  purser  on  the  Schley, 
one  of  the  finest  steamers  on  the  lake. 

The  factory  has  a  capacity  of  four  hundred  pounds 
per  day  and  we  consider  it  one  of  the  most  important 
industries  in  the  entire  valley.  It  is  decidedly  a  step 
in  the  right  direction  and  in  time,  under  the  skillful 
management  of  the  capable  overseer,  will  develop  into 
a  far  reaching  and  very  beneficial  promoter  of  the 
wealth  and  advancement 'of  the  entire  valley. 

The  parents  came  west  in  1898,  also  another  broth- 
er, John.  They  reside  in  Saint  Maries,  being  retired. 
John  owns  a  hay  ranch  and  town  property.  Our  sub- 
ject is  a  member  of  the  M.  \V.  A.,  Camp  No.  8555, 
and  all  the  brothers  belong  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Saint 
Maries  Lodge,  No.  32.  He  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Mary 
Brummett.  in  Nodaway  county,  Missouri.  The  fam- 
ily are  all  adherents  of"  the  Alethodist  church  and  are 
devoted  supporters  of  the  faith. 


SYLVESTER  RAMEY.  At  one  time  Mr.  Ramey 
was  one  of  the  sturdy  pioneers  of  the  west,  did  a  good 
share  in  opening  up  different  sections  for  the  abode  of 
men,  has  achieved  success  in  his  labors  and  is  now  one 
of  the  retired  citizens  of  Harrison,  where  he  is  highly 
esteemed  and  respected  for  his  worth  and  his  integrity 
and  stanch  qualities. 

Sylvester  Ramey  was  born  in  Buchanan  county, 
Virginia,  on  April  30,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Nancy  Ramey.  He  was  educated  in  Virginia  and 
at  the  breaking  oiit  of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  the  Twen- 
ty-ninth Kentucky  Cavalry  and  served  eight  months 
in  the  Union  army.  He  was  on  scout  duty  much  of  the 
time,  and  being  a  mere  boy  he  was  worn  out  by  his 
service  and  was  discharged.  He  came  with  his  parents 
to  Minnesota  and  there  in  February,  1864,  he  en- 
listed again,  this  time  in  the  First  Minnesota,  Com- 
pany E,  Heavy  Artillery,  and  was  stationed  at  Chatta- 
nooga, where  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
being  under  General  Curtis.  When  the  war  was  over 
he  received  his  honorable  discharge  and  returned  to 
Minnesota  to  take  up  the  civilian's  duties  once  more. 
He  engaged  in  farming  there  and  on  March  17,  1867, 
he  married  Miss  Delilah  C.  Gilbert,  At  his  home  place 
Mr.  Ramey  was  supervisor  for  ten  years.  It  was  in 
1880  that  Mr.  Ramey  brought  his  wife  and  six  chil- 
dren via  San  Francisco  and  Portland  to  Texas  Ferry, 
on  the  Snake  river,  in  Washington.  Later  he  went  to 


Rosalia,  in  the  same  state,  and  then  to  Rockford.  He 
engaged  in  lumbering  there  and  in  1890  came  to  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  river,  near  where  Harrison  is.  He  took 
up  the  stock  business  and  also  lumbering  and  he 
gained  a  good  success  in  each  line.  He  gave  his  undi- 
vided attention  to  the  prosecution  of  his  business  i; 
til  1902,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Harrisc 
where  he  has  a  fine  home,  his  house  being  in  one  of  the 
choice  locations  of  the  town  and  a  five  room  structure 
of  modern  architectural  design.  Mr.  Ramey  also  owns 
some  other  valuable  property  in  the  town  and  is  one 
of  the  substantial  men.  Mr.  Ramey  is  a  member  of  the 
J.  B.  Wyman  Post,  No.  44,  Department  of  Washing- 
ton and  Alaska,  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  at  Rockford. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ramey  have  been  born  six  chil- 
dren, named  as  follows :  William  J.,  of  Nez  Perces 
county:  Mrs.  Polly  J.  Roscoe,  of  Kootenai  county; 
Mrs.  Roxie  VanAmburg,  of  Harrison ;  Mrs.  Victoria 
Bailey,  of  Harrison  ;  Charles  P.,  of  Nez  Perces  coun- 
ty :  Mrs.  Effie  Ribstein,  of  Harrison. 


JOSEPH -FISHER  is  the  real  promoter  of  the 
town  of  Saint  Maries,  now  a  thriving-  village,  and  to 
his  efforts  more  than  to  any  other  man  is  due  the  build- 
ing up  of  the  town  and  the  success  that  has  attended 
it.  He  is  the  pioneer  of  this  section,  has  always  la- 
bored for  the  advancement  and  progress  of  the  com- 
munity and  the  town  and  is  a  public  minded  and  gen- 
erous citizen  of  excellent  standing  and  enjovs  the  es- 
teem of  all. 

Joseph  Fisher  was  born  in  Harrisville,  Michigan, 
December  25,  1856,  being  the  first  white  boy  born 
there.  His  parents  were  Joseph  and  Rachel  (Taylor) 
Fisher.  He  grew  up  on  a  farm  and  received  his' edu- 
cation in  his  native  place.  On  September  26,  1878,  he 
married  Miss  Addie,  daughter  of  Guy  C.  and  Mariah 
Lewis.  In  1888  he  migrated  to  Idaho,  settling  m 
his  present  location.  He  then  took  a  trip  to  Oregon 
and  later,  in  the  spring  of  1889,  he  returned  to  this 
place  and  purchased  a  forty-acre  tract  from  the  rail- 
road. There  he  located  the"  town  of  Saint  Maries  and 
he  has  been  one  of  the  enterprising  builders  ever  since. 
In  the  fall  of  1889  he  sent  for  his  family  and  in  the 
same  fall  he  was  appointed  postmaster,  having  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  an  office  established.  He  held  the 
office  continuously  for  six  years.  He  was  the  first  one 
to  open  up  a  general  merchandise  store  there,  and 
to  the  upbuilding  of  his  business  he  has  devoted  his 
efforts  with  becoming  wisdom,  to  which  he  owes  his 
success.  In  1902  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican 
party  for  county  commissioner  and  was  elected  by 
about  280  majority.  In  January,  1902,  the  fire  fiend 
destroyed  his  entire  store  and  building,  but  not  to  be  j 
daunted,  he  has  erected  a  three-story  structure,  which 
lie  is  finishing  in  good  shape.  He  is  doing  a  good  busi- 

of  groceries,  feed,  provisions,  crockery  and  so  forth,  i 
He  rents  some  of  the  store  rooms  of  the  building  to 
hardware  and   furniture  establishments.     Mr.   Fisher 
has  a  good  hotel  in  addition  to  the  mercantile  business 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  the  upper  rooms  of  his  store,  building  will  be  uti- 
lized as  an  extension  of  the  hotel  business,  making  him, 
all  told,  about  fifty  rooms,  which  gives  him  ample  op- 
portunity to  entertain  the  increasing  travel  of  that 
section.  Mr.  Fisher  owns  a  third  interest  in  the  In- 
terstate Telephone  Company,  a  third  interest  in  the 
townsite  and  a  third  interest  in  the  cheese  factory, 
and  is  a  real  leader  in  the  development  of  the  town. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Lodge  No.  8555  ; 
and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  32,  at  Saint  Maries. 
Mr.  Fisher  has  thirteen  children,  named  as  follows: 
Mrs.  Alice  Lindstrom.  of  Saint  Maries;  Mrs.  Sadie 
Brown,  also  of  Saint  Maries ;  Guy,  deceased ;  Ethel, 
Bert  F.,  Sherman,  deceased.  Grant,  Edna,  Addie,  Jo- 
sie,  Harold,  Ray,  Fernie  and  Florence.  Mr.  Fisher  has 
displayed  commendable  wisdom  in  the  affairs  of  his 
business,  has  conducted  himself  in  a  worthy  manner  as 
a  man  and  citizen  and  he  stands  well  in  the  community, 
being  a  leading  man. 


PETER  MOC-TIL-MA.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  recount  the  various  adventures  and  experiences  in 
the  life  of  this  venerable  and  influential  Indian.  He 
has  been  one  of  the  keen  and  energetic  men  of  his  tribe 
in  whose  remembrance  the  important  items  of  pio- 
neer history  of  the  northwest  have  occurred.  He  is 
now  considered  one  of  the  capable  and  keen  men  of  the 
agency  and  has  demonstrated  his  ability  in  numerous 
ways  and  at  divers  occasions. 

Peter  Moc-Til-Ma  is  the  son  of  Old  Chief  Moc- 
Til-Ma  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  and  was  born  in  1840, 
where  Spokane  now  stands.  His  life  was  spent  largely 
with  his  people  and  he  selected  a  fine  piece  of  land 
at  the  time  of  the  segregation  of  the  reservation.  This 
is  an  estate  of  four  hundred  acres  of  valuable  grain 
land,  about  eight  miles  northwest  from  Desmet.  He  has 
it  well  under  cultivation  and  improved  in  a  becoming 
manner.  He  has  enough  land  in  addition  to  this  to 
make  an  estate  of  two  thousand  acres.  Peter  married 
Agnes  and  they  have  four  children,  Louie,  aged  thirty 
years:  Bartholemew.  aged  sixteen;  Ellen,  aged  four- 
teen ;  Felician,  aged  eleven.  They  are  all  able  to  read 
and  write  the  English  language  well  and  are  promis- 
ing young  people.  Peter  Moc-Til-Ma  is  a  man  held 
in  high  repute  among  his  people  and  is  influential  and 
substantial. 


EDWARD  STUVE.  It  gives  us  pleas 
able  to  give  in  this  volume  of  the  county  1 
epitome  of  the  career  of  the  respected  and  ca 

paragraph,  both  because  of  the  good  achiev( 
has  accomplished  in  the  business  world  and  t 
his  own  personal  worth  and  integrity. 

Edward  Stuve  was  born  in  Norway,  on  . 
1862,  being  the  son  of  Howell  and  Margai 
also  natives  of  that  land.  In  1877  he  can 
country  with  his  parents,  having  been  educa 
native  "land.  They  landed  in  New  York 


thence  to  Tackson  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  1883.  when  he  came  to 
Clarkford,  Idaho,  and  with  his  brothers  established 
a  sawmill  and  shingle  mill.  They  did  a  good  business 
there  until  1891.  when  they  removed  their  plant  to 
where  Harrison  now  stands.  But  very  few  people 
were  here  then  and  their  mill  was  the  first  shingle  mill 
and  the  first' industry  of  the  kind  in  the  town.  To  the 
steady  prosecution  of  this  business,  which  was  at- 
tended with  good  success,  Mr.  Stuve  gave  his  undi- 
vided attentiop  until  1901,  when  they  sold  the  entire 
business.  Since  that  time  he  has  retired  from  active 
life  and  is  investigating  different  lines  with  a  view 
of  again  establishing  himself  in  business.  Mr.  Stuve 
has  a  fine  residence  in  Harrison  and  is  one  of  the  re- 
spected and  leading  citizens  of  the  town. 

In  1888  Mr.  Stuve  went  to  Jackson  county,  Wis- 
consin, and  there  married  Miss  Ellen  Erickson.  the 
nuptials  occurring  on  July  29th  of  that  year.  To  this 
happy  marriage  there  have  been  born  five  children, 
named  as  follows :  Edna  M.,  Lula  L.,  deceased.  Helen 
M.,  Esther  F.,  Howard  A.  Mr.  Stuve  is  a  member 
of  the  Maccabees  and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of 
the  Methodist  church.  He  takes  a  warm  interest  in 
the  advancement  of  educational  facilities  and  he  always 
is  found  allied  on  the  side  of  of  sound  principles.  Mr. 
Stuve  came  to  the  west  without  money  and  by  his  in- 
dustry, his  sagacity  in  business  and  the  wisdom  in 
handling  his  interests,  he  has  gained  a  goodly  com- 
petence and  is  a  substantial  and  upright  man. 


LOUIS  STUVE.  Among  the  leading  citizens  of 
Harrison  there  should  be  mentioned  the  subject  of  this 
article,  since  he  was  one  of  the  very  first  settlers  here, 
since  he  started  the  first  shingle  industry  where  the 
town  now  is.  since  he  has  always  manifested  a  public 
spirit  and  labored  for  the  general  progress,  and  since 
personally  he  is  a  man  of  untarnished  reputation,  is  a 
power  for  good,  has  arrayed  his  influence  for  good 
morals  and  does  a  worthy  part  in  supporting  the 
churches  and  all  good  institutions. 

Louis  Stuve  was  born  in  Norway,  on  March  2. 
1856,  being  the  son  of  HoweH  and  Margaret  Stuve. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  his  education 
in  his  native  land.  In  1882  he  migrated  to  the  United 
States,  landing  at  New  York,  whence  he  went  to  Jack- 
son county,  Wisconsin,  whither  his  parents  had  pre- 
ceded him.  In  the  summer  of  1883  he  came  to  Clark- 
fork  and  there  engaged  in  the  shingle  business  with 
his  three  brothers.  In  1891  they  came  thence  to  Har- 
rison and  located  a  shingle  mill  here.  Few  settlers 
were  here  then  and  this  mill  was  the  first  industry  of 
its  kind  in  the  community.  They  continued  in  "this 
business  until  the  spring  of  1901.  when  they  sold  out 
and  since  that  time  our  subject  has  been  retired  from 


relations  again.  Mr.  Stuve  has  a  fine  residence  in  the 
town  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  citizens.  He  has  al- 
ways manifested  an  active  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
town  and  the  educational  facilities  and  other  enter- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


prises  calculated  to  benefit  all.  Mr.  Stuve  is  a  member 
of  the  Maccabees  and  of  the  M.  W.  A. 

On  September  n,  1897,  Mr.  Stuve  married  Miss 
Emma,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Samantha  C.  Glo- 
ver, and  to  them  have  been  born  three  children :  Myr- 
tle I.,  Lilly  C.,  Roy  H. 

When  Mr.  Stuve  came  to  this  western  country  he 
came  over  the  Northern  Pacific  and  as  the  road  was 
not  finished  he  had  to  walk  from  Helena  to  Missoula. 
He  helped  to  make  the  first  wagon  road  from  Sand- 
point  to  Bonners  Ferry  and  was  with  the  first  party 
that  traveled  on  that  road.  Mr.  Stuve  has  the  respect 
and  esteem  of  all  in  the  community  and  he  is  a  sub- 
stantial and  enterprising  citizen. 


IRAL  RIGGS,  manager  for  the  Remington  Type- 
writer Company,  covering  eastern  Washington  and 
the  five  northern  counties  of  Idaho,  the  Kootenai  dis- 
trict of  British  Columbia,  the  state  of  Montana,  and 
the  northern  tier  of  counties  in  Wyoming,  has  his 
main  office  at  No.  no  Washington  street,  Spokane 
Club  building.  He  has  a  force  of  ten  employes, 
which  is  to  be  increased  in  the  near  future,  as  business 
is  being  rapidly  built  up.  He  handles  Remington  type- 
writers, oftice  furniture,  such  as.  desks,  chairs  and  ta- 
bles, also  supplies  for  all  makes  of  machines.  There 
is,  also,  in  connection  a  strictly  first-class  repair  de- 
partment. His  traveling  salesmen  cover  this  territory 
regularly  and  thoroughly  . 

Mr.  Riggs  was  born  in  Springfield,  Illinois,  June 
6..  1877,  being  the  son  of  George  W.  and  Ann  M. 
(Ellis)  Riggs.  who  reside  at  Ceresco,  Nebraska.  The 
father  is  a  rancher.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  our  subject 
was  matriculated  in  the  Nebraska  State  University, 
Lincoln.  Nebraska,  taking  the  scientific  course,  and 
remaining  three  and  one-half  years.  Until  the  open- 
ing of  the  Spanish-American  war  he  was  engaged  as 
a  shipping  clerk  in  Chicago.  June  24.  1898,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  K,  Captain  Rogers,  Twentieth  Uni- 
ted States  Regular  Infantry.  At  Fort  McPherson, 
Georgia,  he  did  garrison  duty  until  August  I5th,  when 
he  was  sent  to  Leavenwort'h,  Kansas,  and  was  dis- 
charged October  23,  1898.  In  1899  he  engaged  with 
the  Remington  people  and  had  charge  of  their  office 
at  Lincoln,  Nebraska.  Later  he  became  city  salesman 

that  point.  In  March,  1903.  Mr.  Riggs  came  to  Spo- 
kane and  assumed  charge  of  this  territory  as  general 
manager  for  the  Remington  Company. 

Our  subject  was  united  in  marriage  at  Omaha, 
April  15.  1901,  to  Miss  Jennie  Hughes,  daughter  of 
Erlward  and  Mary  Hughes.  Mrs.  Riggs  is  a  native 
of  New  York  state.  Her  father  is  a  building  con- 
tractor at  Lincoln.  Nebraska.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Riggs 


.  .  . 

have  been  born  two  children,  Paul  H.  and  Katherir 

The  Remington  typewriter  was  first  owned  and 
manufactured  by  E."  Remington  &  Sons.  Wyckoff, 
Seamans  &  Benedict  were  their  sole  agents  until  about 
1882,  when  they  took  over  the  entire  business  and  it 
was  conducted  under  their  name  until  January,  1903, 


when  it  became  known  as  the  Remington  Typewriter 
Company.  The  factory  is  located  at  Ilion,  New  York. 
The  general  offices  are  at  No's.  325  and  327  Broadway, 
New  York.  Offices  are  located  in  every  important 
city  in  the  world.  The  actual  sales  exceed  two  hun- 
dred machines  a  da}-,  and  they  transact  the  most  exten- 
sive business  in  this  line  in  the  world.  The  Remington 
typewriters  are  used  by  all  nations. 


MORRIS  ANTELOPE  is  one  of  the  bright  and 
enterprising  young  men  of  his  tribe,  being  born  in  1868, 
to  Louie  Antelope,  who  is  now  one  of  the  largest  stock- 
men of  the  reservation  and  resides  near  Tekoa.  Mor- 
ris was  reared  in  this  section  and  made  his  home  with 
his  father  until  1900,  when  he  removed  to  his  present 
place,  a  farm  of  two  thousand  acres,  sixteen  miles 
northwest  from  Desmet.  This  fine  estate  is  all  fenced 
and  Mr.  Antelope  is  endeavoring  to  make  of  it  one  of 
the  fine  farms  of  the  reservation.  His  aggressiveness 
and  spirit  are  shown  in  that  he  reads  and  writes  the 
English  language  well,  although  he  has  never  had  the 
opportunity  of  school  facilities.  For  nine  years  he  op- 
erated a  store  in  Desmet,  but  sold  out  at  the  end  of 
that  time  and  has  since  paid  attention  to  raising  stock 
and  handling  wood,  being  successful  in  his  labors. 

Morris  Antelope  married  Mary,  now  aged  twenty- 
nine  and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren, Louie,  aged  twelve,  Mary,  aged  five,  Annie,  aged 


BEER  BARZA,  one  of  the  blacksmiths  in  the 
government  shop  and  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  of 
two  hundred  acres  three  miles  northwest  from  Des- 
met, is  one  of  the  native  Coeur  d'Alenes,  being  born 

the  reservation  in  1868.    His  father  was  a  sub-chief 


d'Alene  tribe.  She 
Mr.  Barza  married 
and  they  have  five 
?,  age  ten,  John,  age 
Mr.  Barza 


and  his  mother  one  of  the  Coei 
is  now  living  with  our  subject. 
Josett,  who  is  aged  twenty-seven, 
children,  Joseph,  age  twelve,  Lizzie, 
seven,  Mary,  age  five,  Madeline,  ag 
has  a.  dwelling  in  Desmet  in  addition  to  the  property 
mentioned  above.  His  farm  is  well  fenced  and  im- 
proved in  a  fine  shape  and  he  receives  good  returns 
in  crops  annually.  Mrs.  Barza  is  of  the  Kalispell 
tribe,  but  was  born  in  this  reservation.  Mr.  Barza 
had  little  opportunitv  to  receive  educational  training  in 
the  schools  during  his  youth,  but  his  burning  desire 
to  learn  the  English  spurred  him  on  until  by  careful 
personal  research,  he  has  enabled  himself  to  read  and 
write  the  English  language.  His  ability  in  mechanics 
is  evident  in  his  work  in  the  blacksmith  shop  and  he  is 
to  be  commended  for  the  progress  he  has  made. 


BONA  MACHA.  Without  doubt  the  subject 
of  this  article  is  one  of  the  most  progressive  and  ad- 
vanced men  of  his  tribe,  being  of  strong  determination, 
good  judgment  and  ability  to  grasp  and  execute  proper 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


973 


designs.  He  was  born  in  1854  in  Montana.  He  is  a 
descendant  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  and  spent  his  life 
in  visiting  between  here  and  the  tribes  in  Montana 
until  this  reservation  was  set  aside,  when  he  took  up 
his  permanent  abode  here.  He  owns  one  of  the  best 
dwellings  in  Desmet,  and  also  has  a  fine  farm  of  one 
thousand  acres  three  miles  west  from  town,  which  is 
well  improved  with  good  buildings  and  is  handled  with 
great  credit  to  the  owner.  In  addition  to  doing  gen- 
eral farming,  Mr.  Macha  raises  considerable  stock. 
He  is  captain  of  the  police  and  has  made  his  name  a 
terror  to  evil  doers.  It  is  well  known  that  when  he 
goes  after  a  man,  he  is  sure  to  bring  him  and  his  firm 
and  determined  stand  for  law  and  order  have  done  a 
great  deal  to  advance  the  cause  on  the  reservation. 
Mr.  Macha  is  a  member  of  the  Council  and  is  esteemed 
for  his  wisdom  and  excellent  ways  there. 

Bona  Macha  married  Isabelle,  who  is  now  aged 
twenty-four,  and  they  have  two  children,  John,  aged 
eight  "and  attending  the  Fathers'  school;  Bonamacha, 
the  baby. 


BARNEY  CAMELL  is  one  of  the  younger  men 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  tribe  who  was  born  on  the  res- 
ervation in  the  vicinity  of  Desmet,  the  date  being  1883. 
His  parents  are  Peter  and  Pauline  Catnell,  who  now 
live  about  eight  miles  northwest  from  Desmet.  The 
home  estate  consists  of  fifteen  hundred  acres  of  fine 
land,  all  of-  which  is  fenced  and  laid  under  tribute  for 
pasture  and  grain.  Our  subject  lives  with  his  parents 

The  father  has  a  goodly  herd  of  horses  and  handles 
considerable  grain.  Barney  was  educated  in  the  ex- 
cellent school  conducted  at  "the  mission  by  the  Fathers 
and  is  well  versed  in  the  English  branches.  He  gives 
promise  of  being  one  of  the  important  and  influential 
men  of  the  tribe  and  his  natural  capabilities  coupled 
with  good  training  have  fitted  him  well  for  weighty 
responsibilities  among  his  people. 


WILLIAM  RYAN  has  been  in  Kootenai  county 
for  a  good  many  years  and  during  all  this  time  he  has 
been  prominent  in  its  affairs  and  a  leading  citizen, 
while  his  wisdom  and  integrity  have  made  him  one  of 
the  best  of  its  citizens,  in  whom  the  people  have  con- 
fidence. He  is  at  present  deputy  collector  of  cus- 
toms at  Porthill  and  is  an  efficient  and  well  liked  officer. 

William  Ryan  was  born  in  Cumberland,  Alleghany 
county,  Maryland,  on  May  15,  1842,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Mary  (Dignanj  Ryan,  natives  of  Ireland. 
They  came  to  "the  United  States  in  1818  and  1820,  re- 
spectively, and  were  married  in  this  country.  When 
our  subject  was  four  years  of  age  they  removed  to 
Iowa  while  it  was  still  a  territory  and  there  he  was 
educated,  finishing  this  important  part  of  his  life  train- 
ing in  the  Table  Mound  seminary,  near  Dubuque.  In 
1859,  Mr.  Ryan  crossed  the  plains  to  Pike's  Peak, 
clerked  in  a  store  for  one  year  and  returned.  After 
some  time  farming  in  Iowa,  he  returned  to  Colorado, 


and  in  June,  1865,  went  to  Montana,  where  he  mined 
and  freighted  for  two  years.  In  the  fall  of  1867  Mr. 
Ryan  descended  the  Missouri  from  Ft.  Benton  to 
Sioux  City  in  a  Mackinaw  boat  and  for  six  years 
thereafter  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and  handling 
stock  in  Iowa.  He  then  spent  two  years  in  the  copper 
mines  of  northern  Michigan,  mining  and  butchering. 
From  1876  he  spent  five  years  in  the  Black  Hills  min- 
ing and  contracting  mining  timber.  Next  we  see  him 
in  the  Puget  Sound  country  and  in  1887  he  made  his 
way  to  Kootenai  county.  He  located  near  Rathdrum 
that  fall  and  engaged  in  lumbering  and  tie  contract- 
ing. In  1892  Mr.  Ryan  was  elected  county  as- 
sessor and  in  1894  was  chosen  sheriff.  Following  this 
in  June,  1897,  Mr.  Ryan  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  commission  to  classify  the  mineral  lands  within 
the  boundary  of  the  Northern  Pacific  land  grant. 
March  31,  1900,  he  was  appointed  deputy  collector  of 
customs  at  Porthill  and  since  that  time"  he  has  con- 
tinued in  the  office  and  is  now  discharging  the  duties 
of  that  incumbency  with  discrimination  and  wisdom. 
He  is  a  popular  officer  and  a  man  of  excellent  standing. 
January  n,  1897,  at  Coeur  d'Alene.  Mr.  Ryan 
married  Mrs.  Mary  V.  Ray  and  two  sons  have  been 
born  to  them,  William  and  "Matthew.  They  also  have 
a  daughter,  Hazel  Editha,  a  child  of  Mrs.  Ryan  by 
a  former  marriage.  Mr.  Ryan  is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
.sonic  fraternity  at  Coeur  d'Alene. 


STANISLAUS  ARRAPA.  Among  the  substan- 
tial young  men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  we  should  men- 
tion the  subject  of  this  article,  who  has  a  fine  farm  of 
six  hundred  acres,  three  miles  northeast  from  Desmet 
and  also  a  dwelling  in  Desmet.  His  farm  is  well  im- 
proved with  good  buildings  and  he  floes  a  general 
farming  business,  being  successful  in  his  labors.  Mr. 
Arrapa  is  a  member  of  the  Indian  police  and  is  known 
by  all  as  a  man  of  integrity  and  honor,  being  gifted 
in  talent  and  principle.  He"  was  born  in  1879  the  son 
of  Arrapa  and  Susan.  The  father  died  about  twelve 
years  since  and  the  mother  is  living  with  our  subject. 
The  marriage  of  our  subject  and  Emma,  who  is  one  of 
the  Spokane  tribe,  was  consummated  about  six  years 
since  and  three  children  have  been  born  to  them,  Louie, 
Gabriel  and  Damas.  Stanislaus  Arrapa  stands  well 
with  the  people  of  the  agency,  among  his  own  people 
and  wherever  he  is  known,  being  a  man  who  is  gov- 
erned by  principles  of  honor  and  right  and  is  a  fine 
representative  of  his  people. 


PETER  GIRARD  has  demonstrated  his  ability  to 
so  handle  the  resources  of  southern  Kootenai  county 
that  a  good  degree  of  property  of  a  substantial  kind 
has  accrued  to  him  as  the  reward  of  his  sagacity  and 
thrift.  He  is  a  man  whose  labors  have  done  much 
for  the  upbuilding  of  the  country  and  its  interests  and 
lie  is  now  possessed  of  a  good  farm  at  St.  Joe  post- 
office  which  is  well  improved  and  productive  of  fine 


974 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


annual  dividends  of  .hay  and  general  crops.  He  also 
possesses  thirty  or  more  head  of  cattle,  which  with 
other  crops  make  him  one  of  the  substantial  and  pros- 
perous citizens  of  this  section.  Mrs.  Girard  is  post- 
mistress of  St.  Joe  and  is  well  liked  by  all  the  patrons 
of  the  office. 

Peter  Girard  was  born  in  Canada,  on  March  29, 
1874,  the  son  of  William  and  Mary  Girard,  natives  of 
Canada.  Our  subject  had  but  scanty  opportunity  to 
gain  education  in  his  youth  and  he  was  dependent 
upon  his  personal  efforts  also  after  eleven  to  support 
himself  in  this  world.  The  lines  being  cast  thus  in 
hard  places  for  him,  he  developed  a  self-reliance  and 
sturdiness  that  have  wrought  well  for  him  in  later 
years.  In  1886  Mr.  Girard  made  his  way  to  Spokane 
and  later  came  to  Desmet,  where  he  worked  for  eight- 
een months.  Next  we  sec  him  in  Coeur  d'Alene, 
where  he  wrought  for  two  years.  His  next  move  was 
to  his  present  place,  where  he  located  a  handsome 
homestead  and  went  to  raising  stock.  He  has  good 
buildings  and  a  fine  farm  in  every  particular  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  this  entire  section. 

On  June  2,  1888,  Mr.  Girard  married  Miss  Mary 
Morens,  a  native  of  Canada  who  died  leaving  no  is- 
sue. On  January  4,  1897,  he  contracted  a  second 
marriage  with  Mildred  M.  Humes,  and  to  them  have 
been  born  four  children:  William,  born  October  12, 
1897;  Marguerite,  born  April  12,  1899;  Pauline,  born 
January  26,  1901 ;  and  Rose,  born  December  i,  1902. 


CHARLES  O.  WORLEY  was  born  in  Peoria, 
Illinois,  on  July  18,  1854,  being  the  son  of  John  J. 
and  Sarah  (Bradford)  Worley,  natives  of  Ohio.  In 
1856  the  family  went  to  Plattsmouth,  Nebraska,  where 
the  father  operated  an  Indian  trading  store  until  1864. 
He  was  in  the  Second  Nebraska  Cavalry  under  General 
Sully  and  was  discharged  at  the  end  of  nine  months 
on  account  of  being  wounded.  In  1865  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Montana  and  remained  four  years,  during 
which  period  he  had  many  fights  with  the  Indians. 
In  1864  the  family  was  driven  out  of  Plattsmouth 
by  the  Indians;  the  settled  in  Scioto  county,  Ohio, 
near  Portsmouth,  until  1869,  in  which  year  they  set- 
tled at  Quenemo,  Kansas,  it  being  the  Sac  and  Fox 
Indian  agency.  Our  subject  assisted  his  father  in 
farming  here  until  1871,  in  which  year  he  started  out 
for  himself.  He  made  a  trip  to  Colorado  and  returned 
in  the  following  year.  In  1875  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  California  and  worked  there  at  carpenter  work, 
which  trade  he  had  learned,  until  1877,  in  which  year 
he  returned  to  Kansas  and  was  married.  He  remained 
in  Kansas  until  the  spring  of  1882,  where  he  did  car- 
penter work  and  then  came  to  Washington  territory. 
He  located  at  Rockford  and  followed  his  trade  until 
the  spring  of  1885  and  then  made  the  trip  back  to 
Kansas,  where  he  lived  until  1890.  In  that  year  Mr. 
Worley  came  to  Rockford  again,  bringing  his  parents 
with  him.  The  father  died  in  Rockford  in  1892  and 
the  mother  the  year  following  and  both  are  resting  in 
the  Rockford  cemetery.  Our  subject  had  learned  en- 


gineering in  the  years  previous  to  this  date  and  when 
he  located  in  Rockford  this  last  time  he  followed  this 
business  in  connection  with 'carpenter  work,  until  the 
spring  of  1896  when  he  received  the  appointment  as 
engineer  for  the  government  mills  at  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
reservation.  He  continued  in  charge  of  the  mills  until 
July  25,  1901,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  position 
of  sub-agent  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  reservation,  which 
position  he  has  since  filled  to  the  satisfaction  of  all. 
Mr.  Worley  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Lodge 
45 ;  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Fairview  Lodge,  No.  40 ;  of  the 
W.  W.,  Camp  No.  422,  all  of  Rockford.  He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  United  Brethren  church  in 
Rockford.  Mr.  Worley  was  always  allied  with  the 
Republicans  and  served  as  treasurer  of  Osage  county 
for  two  years.  He  also  has  been  deputy  sheriff  for 
three  different  terms,  has  been  city  councilman  and 
also  city  marshal. 

At  Quenemo,  Kansas,  on  August  22,  1878,  Mr. 
Worley  married  Miss  Noydee,  daughter  of  Sylvester 
and  Emmaline  (Little)  Washburn,  who  are  now  de- 
ceased. Mrs.  Worley  was  born  'in  Columbus,  Iowa, 
March  3,  1855.  Three  children  were  born  to  this  un- 
ion :  Frank,  who  died  when  he  was  twenty ;  William, 
deceased,  aged  twenty-one ;  Lawrence,  aged  nine.  Mr. 
Worley  has  property  in  Tekoa  and  Rockford  and  also 
farm  land,  all  of  which  he  rents. 


CHIEF  SALTESE,  deceased.  Among-  the  really 
great  Indian  chiefs  of  the  Pacific  Northwest,  or  of  the 
entire  west  for  that  matter,  none  deserves  greater  rec- 
ognition than  Saltese,  the  late  chief  of  the  Coeur  d'Al- 
enes,  whose  mother  was  a  Spokane  and  his  father  a 
Coeur  d'Alene.  Few  there  were  among  the  red  men 
who  could  equal  this  beloved  chieftain  in  physical 
courage  and  strength,  moral  stamina  and  intellectual 
capacity  and  none  has  left  a  worthier  record  or  a  more 
potent  influence  upon  his  race.  Saltese  was  a  vigor- 
ous man  until  the  last  few  days  of  his  life,  despite  the 
fact  that  he  had  reached  and  passed  the  ripe  age  of 
ninety-two,  and  until  he  breathed  his  last  he  was  an 
ardent  champion  of  all  that  is  good  and  a  relentless 
enemy  of  wickedness.  Surrounded  by  the  members 
of  the  family  at  his  home  near  the  old  Desmet  Mis- 
sion, in  Kootenai  county,  on  April  20,  1902,  the  aged 
warrior,  ruler  and  Christian  leader  passed  over  the 
great  divide  of  life  into  the  better  world  beyond,  which 
tc  him  meant  more  than  "the  happy  hunting  ground." 
His  remains  were  laid  at  rest  at  the  Mission,  a  most 
fitting  place. 

From  the  days  of  his  youth,  Saltese  was  a  power- 
ful man  in  the  tribe  and  was  renowned  for  his  valiant 
deeds  in  time  of  war.  In  council  his  eloquent  voice 
was  ofter  heard.  It  was  he  who  led  the  war  against 
Colonel  Steptoe  in  1857.  When  the  war  councils  were 
held  and  the  older  chiefs  opposed  hostilities,  it  is  said 
that  Saltese  made  the  most  thrilling  speech  of  his  life, 
a  speech  which  was  so. persuasive  that  it  drew  to  his 
side  the  younger  element  and  they  followed  him  to  a 
successful  war,  driving  Steptoe  out  of  the  country  and 
nearly  annihilating  his  little  band  in  a  fierce  battle  on 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  hill  overlooking  the  site  of  Rosalia.  All  day  the 
battle  waged  with  disastrous  results  to  the  soldiers 
and  at  sundown,  when  the  Indians  withdrew,  there 
were  only  four  rounds  of  cartridges  to  the  man  and 
many  members  of  this  ill-fated  expedition  had  lost 
their  lives.  During  the  night  Timothy,  a  friendly 
Nez  Perces,  guided  the  remnant  away  in  the  darkness 
and  they  ultimately  escaped  across  the  Snake  river  to 
Fort  'Walla  Walla.'  The  next  summer  Colonel  Wright 
came  northward  to  punish  the  Indians,  a  mission  which 
he  successfully  accomplished,  subduing  them  for  all 
time  to  come.  None  among  the  Indians  was  quicker 
to  appreciate  the  situation  than  Chief  Saltese,  who 
thenceforth  turned  his  strength  and  ability  toward  a 
better  end  and  soon  became  the  acknowledged  leader 
of  the  more  progressive  class  of  Indians.  He  discarded 
the  blanket  for  the  white  man's  dress,  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  the  English  language,  although  he  al- 
ways preferred  to  converse  in  his  native  tongue,  assisted 

orously  against  the  liquor  traffic,  ruled  and  advised 
his  people  well  and  by  dint  of  hard  work  and  un- 
usually careful  business  management  finally  became 
a  wealthy  man,  owning  and  farming  1,000  acres  of  the 
finest  land  on  the  reservation. 

In  personal  appearance  Saltese  was  a  magnificent 
specimen  of  manhood  and  few  would  have  guessed  his 
age  at  over  sixty.  He  walked  firmly,  his  carriage  was 
erect  and  dignified,  and  he  generally  wore  a  neatly 
fitting  suit  of  some  dark  color,  a  negligee  shirt,  neck- 
tie and  a  black  derby  hat,  always  commanding  the  ut- 
most respect  wherever  he  went.  He  made  frequent 
trips  over  the  railroads  and  was  each  year  granted 
an  annual  pass  by  the  O.  R.  &  N.  Co.  M.  M.  Cowley, 
of  Spokane,  who  knew  Saltese  as  early  as  1866,  in 
closing  an  eulogy  on  Chief  Saltese,  recently  said :  "He 
was  not  the  hereditary  chief  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes, 
but  in  his  younger  days  was  one  of  the  war  chiefs, 
and  when  the  hereditary  chief,  Scon  Shinn,  died  Sal- 
tese had  so  risen  from  the  ranks  of  his  tribe  that  he 
was  elected  to  the  position,  more  than  a  third  of  a  cen- 
tury ago.  He  was  a  born  diplomat. 


OTIS  F.  WARREN.  This  gentleman  has  occu- 
pied the  position  of  inspector  of  customs  at  Porthill 
and  Bonners  Ferry,  Idaho,  since  1899  and  is  an  effi- 
cient and  capable  officer  whose  standing  is  of  the  best 
and  whose  friends  are  numbered  by  legion  from  every 
quarter. 

O.  F.  Warren  was  born  in  Naples,  New  York,  on 
July  7,  1839,  the  son  of  Elijah  and  Eliza  Ann  (Ful- 
ler) Warren,  natives  of  New  York  and  Connecticut, 
respectively.  The  father  was  a  farmer  and  held  va- 
rious offices  of  trust.  Our  subject  is  descended  from 
Mayflower  stock  on  both  sides  of  the  house  and  his 
grandfather  was  a  cousin  of  the  General  Warren  of 
Revolutionary  fame.  In  his  native  place,  O.  F.  Warren 
was  educated,  completing  his  training  in  the  Naples 
Academy;  he  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1 857.  In  April,  1861, 
he  enlisted  in  the  three  months  service;  the  quota  of 


Wisconsin  being:  full,  he  re-enlisted  for  three  years  but 
owing  to  sickness  was  not  mustered  in.  Later  in  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  register  of  deeds  of  Buffalo 
county,  Wisconsin,  and  in  June,  1862,  he  entered 
Company  A,  Twentieth  Regiment,  Wisconsin  Infantry 
and  served  at  the  headquarters  of  the  military  com- 
mander of  Wisconsin  until  October  4th,  when  he  was 
discharged  on  account  of  disability.  In  November  of 
1 863  he  was  re-elected  register  and  took  the  office  again 
in  1867  and  later  was  in  company  with  his  father-in- 
law  in  a  flouring  mill  for  ten  years.  In  tne  meantime 
he  took  up  general  merchandising  extensively,  but  the 
crash  of  1876  caused  him  to  lose  heavily.  From  1877 
to  1883,  Mr.  Warren  devoted  himself  to  farming  in 
Wisconsin.  In  the  latter  year  he  removed  to  Dakota. 
There  he  was  installed  in  several  offices  of  trust  by  the 
people,  among  others  being  assessor  of  Clark  county 
tor  one  term.  In  December,  1890,  Mr.  Warren  came 
to  Idaho  and  in  March  of  the  following  year  he  lo- 
cated west  of  Deep  creek  and  farmed.  The  next  year 
we  see  him  in  Postfalls,  being  chosen  by  the  Spokane 
assessor  for  much  of  the  intricate  work  of  that  county. 
Then  Mr.  Warren  embarked  in  the  merchandise  busi- 
ness again,  buying  out  W.  D.  Plant.  He  continued 
this  until  July,  1898,  when  he  sold  to  A.  J.  Manor. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  county  commissioners 
from  1895  to  1896.  In  January,  1899,  Mr.  Warren 
was  appointed  inspector  of  customs  and  has  held  the 
position  since,  being  in  Porthill  in  later  years. 

On  May  14,  1865,  at  Alondovi,  Wisconsin,  Mr. 
Warren  married  Hannah  Mary,  daughter  of  Harvey 
and  Hannah  (Arnold)  Farrington.  Four  children 
have  been  born  to  this  union,  Milton  S.,  a  farmer  and 
hotel  man  at  Postfalls;  Myrtie  E.,  wife  of  Thomas 
W.  Foy,  a  hotel  man  in  Hope;  H.  Clay,  painter  at 
Postfalls;  Earl  B.,  in  the  employ  of  the  Fidelity  Ab- 
stract Company,  Spokane,  having  graduated  from  Blair 
Business  College.  Mr.  Warreri  is  a  member  of  the  G. 
A.  R.  and  also  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  Knights  of 
Pvthias. 


FRED  C.  FISHER  is  the  owner  and  operator 
of  a  saloon  in  Porthill,  where  he  is  doing  a  prosper- 
ous busines  at  the  present  time.  He  also  has  nu- 
merous mining  interests  and  owns  a  ranch  south  of 
Porthill. 

Fred  C.  Fisher  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1853,  the 
son  of  Christian  and  Frederika  Fisher,  both  natives  of 
Germany.  The  father  died  when  this  son  was  five 
and  the  mother  migrated  with  him  and  an  older  son 
to  the  United  States  when  Fred  was  nine.  They  lo- 
cated in  Illinois  and  there  and  in  Wisconsin  Fre 


ucati 


e  ovi 


After    scho 
the  Mis 


ng  o 


Thii 


sippi 


ied  him  until  he  came  west.  In  1888  Mr.  Fisher  came 
j  Portland  and  there  wrought  until  after  the  Spo- 
™e  fire,  when  he  went  thither  and  did  mason  work 
i  that  city  for  some  time.  In  1890,  he  came  to  the 
iootenai  'valley  and  homestead  land  four  miles 
outh  from  Porthill.  In  1892  Mr.  Fisher  went  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


.^  U,i^  ^.^  ..«»sonry  work.  Coming  back  to  his 
ranch  in  the  fall  of  1895  he  opened  the  International 
saloon  in  Porthill  and  has  continued  in  this,  together 
with  his  mining  and  farming  interests. 

In  1887,  while  in  Minnesota,  Mr.  Fisher  married 
Miss  Kate  Bosl,  a  native  of  Germany,  who  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1881.  Mr.  Fisher  has  one  brother. 
Ernest,  a  stone  mason,  living  on  a  fai 


H.  L.  GRAVES  is  a  farmer  and  stockman  in 
Kootenai  count)-,  whose  estate  of  one-half  section  lies 
about  three  miles  up  the  river  from  Laclede,  where 
he  does  general  farming  and  is  prospered. 

H.  L.  Graves  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  on  Septem- 
ber 26,  1853,  the  son  of  Rufus  and  Ann  (Knoll) 
Graves,  mention  of  whom  is  made  in  another  portion 
of  this  work.  He  was  educated  there  in  the  public 
schools  and  remained  with  his  parents  until  1887,  when 
he  came  to  Sprague,  Washington,  and  worked  in  the 
railroad  shops  for  a  year.  In  May,  1888,  he  came  to 
Laclede  and  homesteaded  a  quarter  section  and  also 
bought  as  much  more  railroad  land.  He  has  a  goodly 
portion  under  cultivation  and  besides  many  other  im- 
provements has  an  orchard  of  two  hundred  trees.  In 
addition  to  this  property,  Mr.  Graves  has  a  house  and 
lot  in  town.  In  the  pol'itical  realm,  he  is  a  stanch  and 
active  Democrat  of  the  Jeffersonian  type.  Mr.  Graves 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  Foresters. 

On  January  9,  1880,  at  Appleton,  Wisconsin,  he 
married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Kate 
(Wilson)  Campbell,  natives  of  Ireland  and  Scotland, 
respectively.  Mrs.  Graves  was  born  in  Wisconsin. 
Nine  children  have  been  born  to  this  union:  Gladys, 
deceased.  Grace,  Glenny,  deceased,  Frank,  deceased, 
Lillie,  Earl.  George,  Effie,  deceased,  and  Jennie,  de- 
ceased. 


WESLEY  SULLIVAN  is  a  veteran  of  the  Re- 
bellion, whose  faithful  service  in  the  cause  of  the  Union 
places  him  high  in  the  esteem  of  every  loyal  citizen 
of  this  fair  land  today.  He  was  in  the  heat  and  burden 

in  the  southern  hospitals.  A  detailed  account  of  his 
career  will  be  interesting  for  the  readers  of  the  history 
of  northern  Idaho  and  we  accordingly  append  the 
same. 

Wesley  Sullivan  was  born  in  Ohio,  on  September 
r6,  1840.'  the  son  of  James  and  Rebecca  Sullivan, 
natives  of  North  Carolina.  When  Wesley  was  small 
the  family  removed  to  Ft.  Wayne,  Indiana,  and  there 
he  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  also  worked 
on  the  farm.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  left  the 
parental  roof  and  came  to  Danville,  Illinois,  where 
he  wrought  until  October  3,  1861,  then  enlisted  in 
Company  F,  Thirty-fifth  Illinois  Infantry.  He  was 
sent  first  into  Missouri,  then  under  Rosecrans  in  Ten- 
nessee and  later  with  Sherman  on  the  memorable  march 
to  the  sea.  He  participated  in  all  the  battles  of  these 
well  known  commanders  and  was  in  constant  action. 


He  was  mustered  out  at  the  expiration  of  his  time  and 
afterward  re-enlisted  in  Company  K,  One  Hundred 
and  Fiftieth  Illinois  for  a  year  idnger.  He  was  ser- 
geant during  this  period  and  at  the  close  of  the  war 
was  mustered  out,  at  Springfield  in  1865.  He  then 
returned  to  Danville,  Illinois,  and  there  wrought  in 
the  coal  mines  for  twenty  years.  Next  we  see  him  in 
the  Cascades,  where  he  was  in  the  coal  mines  for  two 
years,  after  which  he  came  to  his  present  place.  'Here 
"Mr.  Sullivan  cleared  the  right  of  way  for  the  rail- 
road and  made  ties.  Then  he  took  his  present  place 
two  and  one-half  miles  west  from  Laclede.  Mr.  Sul- 
livan is  a  stanch  and  active  Republican  and  is  also  a 
member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  In  reminiscence  we  note  that 
when  Grant  and  Sherman  came  to  Chattanooga,  that 
Mr.  Sullivan  was  detailed  to  fire  on  the  steamboat 
Painted  Rock,  and  run  the  blockade  past  the  old  Look- 
out mountain,  which  was  done  successfully  under  a 
most  galling  fire. 


CHARLES  W.  FEELY  is  a  man  of  stability  and 
integrity,  whose  skillful  labors  in  Kootenai  county 
have  produced  the  meed  of  a  valuable  holding  of  real 
estate  five  miles  south  from  Rathdrum,  where  he  makes 
his  home  at  the  present  time.  The  home  place  is  a 
quarter  section  which  is  well  improved,  with  good 
buildings,  orchard,  and  so  forth  and  is  annually  laid 
under  tribute  to  produce  abundant  returns  of  the  ce- 
reals and  general  crops.  In  addition  to  this  land,  Mr. 
Feely  owns  other  land  in  company  with  his  brothers 
who  are  all  mentioned  in  this  work. 

Charles  W.  Feely  was  born  in  Shelby  county, 
Iowa,  on  February  17,  1878,  the  son  of  Thomas  N. 
and  Alice  M.  Feely,  who  now  reside  near  this  s 
They  all  came  from  Iowa  in  1881,  settling  in  Washing- 
ton, where  they  continued  their  residence  until  1890, 
at  which  time  they  located  in  Hoodoo  valley  i 
thence  removed  to  their  present  place  in  1895.  Mr. 
Feely,  with  his  brothers  and  father,  has  labored  stead- 
ily in  their  occupation  of  general  farming  and  abun- 
dant success  has  rewarded  them  all.  Our  subject  is 
;<  man  of  independence  and  original  thought  and  i 
political  matters  he  is  dictated  by  his  own  judgmer 

married  and  has  one  of    his  sisters  to  keep  the  hou; 


H.  E.  BURNHAM.  As  the  following  epitome 
of  the  career  of  Mr.  Burnham  will  evidence,  he  is  a 
man  of  energy  and  enterprise,  possessed  ot  that  sterling 
quality  of  executive  ability  that  puts  through  to  a  suc- 
cessful termination  the  undertaking  to  which  he  turns 
his  attention.  Kootenai  county  has  been  benefited 
much  by  his  labors  in  various"  lines ;  at  the  present 
time  he  is  operating  a  good  sawmill  about  seven  miles 
east  from  Rathdrum.  where  he  has  a  body  of  two  hun- 
dred and  eighty  acres  of  timber  land.  In  addition 

in  various  other  places. 

H.  E.  Burnham  was  born  in  Dunkirk,  New  York, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


on  March  12,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Sydney  and  Lou- 
ise L.  Burnham,  natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Penn- 
sylvania, respectively.  The  father  was  a  stockman  and 
butcher.  Our  subject  worked  with  his  father  until 
the  age  of  thirteen  had  been  attained  and  he  then 
sailed  on  the  lakes  for  two  years.  Then  came  a  period 
of  nine  years  of  railroading  from  which  he  was  al- 
lured bv  the  enticing  features  of  the  oil  business  in 
Pennsylvania.  Thirteen  years  he  was  held  in  this  oc- 
cupation and  in  1889  made  the  journey  across  the  con- 
tinent to  Spokane.  A  short  time  was  spent  in  that 
centre  of  the  Inland  Empire  country  when  he  came  to 
Postfalls,  where  he  purchased  property  and  went  into 
the  grocery  business.  Later  he  followed  butchering 
for  two  years  and  then  turned  his  attention  to  dairying 
and  stock  farming  for  six  years.  The  next  industry 
to  claim  his  attention  was  sawmillilng  and  in  the  ma- 
nipulation of  a  successful  trade  here  we  find  him  at 
the  present  time.  In  addition  to  this  he  is  interested 
in  real  estate  in  different  locations. 

At  Jamestown,  New  York,  in  1877,  occurred  the 
happy  event  of  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Burnham  and 
Miss' Phoebe  C.  Simmonds,  a  native  of  New  York  and 
the  daughter  of  Zibe  Simmonds.  They  have  one  child, 
Lyon.  Mr.  Burnham  is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M. 
Politically,  he  is  independent  and  untrammelled  by  the 
party  lines  of  any  tenets;  he  reserves  for  himself  the 
right  to  choose  the  man  and  the  principles  which  his 
vote  will  support. 


CHARLES  W.  GULP,  one  of  the  publishers  of 
the  Silver  Blade,  and  of  its  successor,  the  Rathdrum 
Tribune,  a  paper  of  distinct  vitality  and  merit  at  the 
county  seat  of  Kootenai  county,  is  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  the  county  and  together  with  his 
brother,  who  is  his  partner,  has  conducted  the  Blade 
for  some  time  and  wielded  an  influence  for  progression 
and  advancement  throughout  the  county. 

Charles  W.  Culp  was  born  in  Lincoln,  Montana,  on 
January  8,  1879,  the  son  of  David  W.  and  Mary  J. 
(Mufrley)  Culp,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  still 
living.  They  were  born  at  Shippinsburg,  October  5, 
1830,  and  at  Mt.  Eagle,  February  4,  1846,  respectively. 
The  dates  of  their  removal  to  Montana  are  1865  and 
1870,  respectively,  and  they  have  been  on  the  crest  of 
frontier  life  ever  since,  being-  a  worthy  couple  in  their 
endeavors  to  assist  in  the  progress  of  civilization.  Our 
subject  was  educated  at  Thompson,  Montana,  and  as 
soon  as  the  school  days  were  ended  he  was  apprenticed 
to  learn  the  printer's  art,  which  he  accomplished  in 
due  time  with  a  skillful  finish.  He  came  to  Rathdrum 
in.  July.  1902,  with  his  brother,  and  purchased  the 
Blade,  which  has  been  as  its  successor  is  now,  the  ex- 
ponent of  sound  principles  since  and  the  champion  of 
the  interests  of  the  citizens  of  the  county,  while  its 
clear  cut  enunciation  of  the  questions  of  the  day  and 
logical  conclusions  in  reference  to  the  same  have  made 
it  one  of  the  leading  sheets  of  the  northwest.  In  its 
devotion  to  the  welfare  of  local  interests,  the  Tribune 
has  not  forgotten  to  be  free  from  local  jealousies  and 
prejudicies  that  embitter,  and  the  kindly  spirit  mani- 


fested to  all  while  correcting  false  moves  and  general 
good  will  and  heartiness  always  expressed  have  made 
it  a  favorite  and  a  power  for  good. 

Mr.  Culp  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
].  R.  M.,  his  partner;  W.  S.,  in  Rathdrum;  Thomas 
P.,  deceased;  Jennie  M.  and  Elizabeth  C.,  living  in 
Rathdrum.  Mr.  Culp  is  an  active  and  intelligent  Re- 
publican and  with  convincing  force  is  able  to  give  a 
reason  for  his  political  faith.  He  is  an  active  worker 
in  the  Al.  W.  A.  and  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  his 
standing  in  the  county  is  of  the  very  best.  Mr.  Culp 
and  his  people  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 


CLARENCE  H.  FEELY  is  one  of  the  wide 
awake,  thrifty  and  sagacious  farmers  of  Kootenai 
county.  He  is  a  young  man  of  excellent  habits  and 
sound  principles  and  is  a  loyal  friend  and  progres- 
sive citizen.  His  estate  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  lies  four  miles  south  from  Rathdrum  and  its 
thrifty  appearance,  well  kept  and  excellent  buildings, 
choice  orchard  and  broad  fields  all  testify  to  the  abil- 
ity and  skill  of  the  proprietor.  Mr.  Feelv  also  owns 
other  land,  being  interested  with  his  brothers.  The 
boys  and  their  father  own  one  thousand  acres  together 
and  it  is  one  of  the  finest  bodies  of  land  in  the  county. 

Clarence  H.  Feelv  was  born  in  Shelby  county, 
Iowa,  on  September  6,  1879,  the  son  of  Thomas  N. 
and  Alice  M.  Feely,  who  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in 
the  work.  In  1881  the  family  came  from  their  Iowa, 
home  to  Washington,  where  our  subject  gained  most, 
of  his  educational  discipline.  In  1890  they  located  in 
Hoodoo  valley  and  there  the  home  continued  until 
1895  when  a  move  was  made  to  their  present  excellent 
location.  The  brothers  have  continued  in  their  efforts 
together  with  their  father  and  the  wisdom  of  it  is  ap- 
parent in  the  valuable  holdings  now  possessed  by 
them.  Our  subject  is  still  in  the  possession  of  the 
charms  of  celibacy,  having  never  ventured  to  embark 
on  the  sea  of  matrimony.  He  is  an  exemplary  young 

Feely  is  an  independent  thinker  on  all  the  questions 
of  the  day  and  his  sturdiness  of  character  is  mani- 
fested in  that  he  is  not  trammelled  or  bound  by  the 
tenets  of  any  political  party,  but  votes  as  his  wisdom 
dictates. 


IRVAN  E.  FEELY  is  a  native  of  the  Occident, 
being  born  in  Washington,  Spokane  county,  and  the 
date  August  8,  1883.  He  received  his  education  in  that 
state  and  in  Idaho  and  has  continued  with  his  parents 
until  the  present  time.  He  came  with  them  to  Hoodoo 
valley  in  1890  and  thence  to  the  present  location  in 
1895!  He  is  a  young  man  of  good  qualities,  has  prin- 
ciples of  uprightness  and  manifests  intrinsic  worth 


been  trained  in  the  way  of  industry  and  thrift  by  a  wise 
father  and  the  result  "is  that  a  man  of  reliability  and 
stability  is  now  the  pride  of  his  father  and  the  rirh 
reward  of  the  excellent  training. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Our  subject  owns  land  in  connection  with  his  broth- 
ers. They  have  so  acted  in  unison  in  their  business 
endeavors  that  they  have  conserved  their  interests  in 
a  remarkable  manner  and  the  excellent  wisdom  mani- 
fested in  this  course  is  a  bright  example  to  all.  While 
Irvan  Feely  has  not  yet  passed  the  mile  post  of  his  ma- 
jority, still  the  qualities  of  a  wise  and  capable  man  are 
manifest  and  it  is  to  be  expected  that  he  will  be  one  of 
the  leading  citizens  of  this  great  county  for  many  years 
to  come,  gaining  distinction  and  affluence  as  the  proper 
result  of  his  course. 


WILLIAAI  F.  ALLBAUGH  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  the  thriving  town  of  Hope,  Idaho, 
being  proprietor  of  the  butcher  shop  there.  He  is  a 
man  of  sterling  worth  and  has  manifested  excellent 
capabilities  in  his  business  career. 

William  F.  Allbaugh  was  born  in  Keithsburg,  Illi- 
nois, on  June  30,  1873,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Martha  (Catlin)  Allbough,  natives  of  Carroll  county, 
Ohio,  and  now  living  in  this  county.  Our  subject  re- 
ceived his  education  in  his  native  state  and  there 
learned  the  butcher  business  and  followed  it  for  some 
time.  He  came  west  in  1889  and  after  exploring  some 
time  went  to  Spokane  where  he  followed  the  grocery 
business.  Three  years  there  and  then  he  came  to  north- 
ern Idaho,  where  he  had  previously  been,  and  opened 
a  meat  market  in  Hope,  which  he  is  conducting  at  the 
present  time  and  where  he  does  a  good  business.  Mr. 
Allbaugh  has  been  on  his  own  resources  since  he  was 
sixteen  years  of  age  and  has  always  shown  an  enter- 
prising spirit  and  a  tenacity  that  has  given  him  the 
success  that  merit  deserves. 

Mr.  Allbaugh  has  the  following  named  sisters: 
Alice,  Laura,  Olive  and  Emma,  all  deceased;  Carrie, 
wife  of  George  Ferris;  Louise,  in  Hope;  Josephine, 
wife  of  T.  C.  Peck,  in  Nelson,  B.  C. ;  Edna,  wife  of 
A.  Croy,  in  Hope. 

At  Rathdrum,  on  July  4,  1900,  Mr.  Allbaugh  mar- 
ried Miss  Addie  E.  Smith,  whose  parents  are  leading 
citizens  of  this  county  and  are  mentioned  in  another 
portion  of  this  work.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
bless  the  marriage,  Margaret.  Mr.  Allbaugh  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  W.  and  in  political  adherence  is  a  Demo- 
crat. He  is  a  man  of  sterling  qualities  and  is  one  of 
the  genial  and  popular  citizens  of  Hope. 


ALEXANDER  QUIRIE.  That  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  one  of  the  highly  esteemed  and  popular 
men  of  Kootenai  county  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that 
in  1902  he  was  nominated  on  the  Republican  ticket 
for  commissioner  of  the  county  and  although  the  coun- 
ty is  Democratic,  he  was  elected  by  the  overwhelming 
majority  of  six  hundred  and  twenty  votes.  He  is  a 
man  of  stanch  worth  and  integrity  and  the  people  of 
the  commonwealth  are  safe  in  entrusting  the  import- 
ant interests  of  the  county  in  his  hands. 

Alexander  Quirie  was  born  in  Scotland.  July  16, 


1861,  the  son  of  John  and  Margaret  (Walker)  Quirie, 
natives  of  Aberdeen,  Scotland.  The  father  died  in  1891 
and  the  mother  in  1862,  -In  their  native  land.  Our 
subject  inherited  the  stanch  qualities  of  the  Scotch 
blood  and  from  his  youth  manifested  an  integrity  and 
stability  that  betokened  the  strong  man  of  today.  He 
was  well  educated  in  his  native  place  and  in  1887 
left  the  scenes  of  youth  and  came  to  the  United  States. 
He  landed  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  and  engaged  on  a 
stock  farm  for  two  years.  Next  we  see  the  adventu- 
rous spirit  in  Washington  and  for  a  year  he  was  ex- 
ploring the  various  portions  of  the  northwest.  He 
finally  returned  from  the  coast  to  Spokane  and  worked 
on  a  dairy  farm  for  a  time.  On  June  I,  1890,  he  came 
to  Hope  and  for  three  years  he  was  teaming  for  H.  M. 
Casey.  Then  Mr.  Quirie  located  his  present  place  on 
Trestle  creek,  three  miles  west  from  Hope  and  op- 
ened a  dairy.  He  furnished  milk,  cream  and  butter 
to  Hope  for  eight  years  and  then  retired  from  that 
business  and  devoted  himself  to  raising  stock  and  gen- 
eral farming.  He  has  a  good  place,  well  improved  and 
productive  of  good  crops.  A  fine  orchard  of  one 
hundred  trees  embellishes  the  place.  Mr.  Quirie  is 
a  thrifty  and  up-to-date  farmer. 

Mr.  Quirie  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters: 
George  and  John,  farmers  in  Scotland ;  Mary,  wife  of 
Alexander  Aderson,  and  Margaret,  wife  of  John 
Bagrie,  both  in  Scotland.  Mr.  Quirie  is  a  Republican 
from  principle  and  in  religious  persuasion  is  a  Pres- 
byterian. He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  is  a 
man  in  whom  his  neighbors  confide  and  who  is  worthy 
of  the  esteem  and  confidence  reposed  in  him. 


WILLIAM  T.  STONE,  who  dwells  five  miles 
south  from  Bonners  Ferry,  is  one  of  the  substantial 
and  prosperous  farmers  of  his  section  and  a  leading 
man  in  the  community.  He  was  born  in  Audrain 
county,  Missouri,  on  January  13,  1855,  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Kizerie  (Cardwell)  Stone,  natives  of 
Kentucky.  The  father  died  in  Oregon  in  1898.  Our 
subject  has  two  brothers,  Thomaston  and  J.  D.  He 
was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  in  Bedford 
county,  Indiana,  whither  the  family  went  when  he 
was  a  boy.  Later  they  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  1874 
William  made  his  way  to  Texas.  He  followed  the 
basic  art  of  agriculture  until  1885  in  the  great  state 
and  then  he  was  attracted  by  the  varied  beauties  and 
resources  to  visit  California.  After  one  year  in  ex- 
ploring the  state  he  made  his  way  to  Oregon,  and  for 
nine  years  was  numbered  with  the  progressive  and 
enterprising  citizens  of  the  Web-foot  state.  Next  he 
journeyed  on  to  Washington  and  after  due  deliberation 
he  came  to  Idaho.  Search  revealed  the  land  now 
known  as  government  land  and  he  homesteaded  ; 
quarter.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Stone  has  devoted  him- 
self to  the  improvement  and  culture  of  his  land,  and 
now  has  a  valuable  farm.  He  is  one  of  the  stirring  men 
of  the  section  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the  affairs 
f  the  county. 

In  1878  occurred  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Stone  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


979 


Miss  Alice  Stillwell.  The  nuptials  were  celebrated 
in  Montague  county,  Texas.  Mrs.  Stone's  parents 
were  natives  of  Virginia  and  came  to  Texas  in  very 
early  days.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  this  happy 
marriage :  Lottie,  Robert  F.,  Lulu,  and  Alice.  Mr. 
Stone  is  independent  in  political  matters,  as  also  in 
settling  the  questions  of  the  day  he  is  untrammelled 
by  the  ties  of  party  or  sect.  He  is  a  man  of  worth 
and  integrity  and  stands  high  in  the  esteem  of  the 
people. 


JOSEPH  M.  JEANNOT,  a  capitalist  and  property 
owner  of  Hope,  is  a  man  whose  industry  and  thrift, 
dominated  by  sagacity  and  keen  discrimination,  have 
given  the  reward  of  a  fine  competence  and  the  good 
will  of  all  as  well.  He  was  born  in  Kankakee,  Illi- 
nois, on  May  16,  1858,  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Philo- 
mina  (Lambert)  jeannot,  natives  of  Three  Rivers, 
Canada.  Mr.  Jeannot  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters ;  F.  E.,  deceased :  J.  M.,  died  in  infancv ;  J.  O., 
in  Michigan;  L.  H.,  in  Hope;  G.  E.,  in  Hope;  W. 
E.,  in  Wisconsin;  Arthur  and  Thomas,  deceased; 
Sarah,  in  Spokane;  Phoebe,  Lenora  and  Georgia,  in 
New  York,  all  married  but  Phoebe;  Susan,  Mary, 
Angelena,  Beatrice,  Lorna,  all  deceased,  with  twins 
who  died  when  infants.  Our  subject  received  his  early 


L-ducation  in  Illinois  and  there  he  remained  until  July, 
1871,  when  he  took  a  journey  to  Kansas,  where  lie 
farmed  for  ten  years.  Then  he  went  to  Colorado  and 
|  mined  for  two  years,  after  which  he  came  to  Idaho 
and  railroaded  for  some  time,  then  went  to  Portland. 
Next  we  see  Mr.  Jeannot  in  the  Sound  count 


did  logging  and  afi 
and  tended  bar  for  thi 
:o  the  Coeur  d'Alene  countr 

of    the    chloride 


returned  to  Portland 
.  His  next  move  was 
'here  he  operated  a  sa- 
ree  years.  At  the  time 
e  came  to  the  Pend 
Oreille  country  and  engaged  in  steamboating  and 
other  business  at  Hope.  He  has  also  followed  mining 
since  coming  here,  and  is  an  active  and  progressive 
laborer  for  the  upbuilding  and  advancement  of  the 
place.  Mr.  Jeannot  has  fine  business  property  in  the 
town  and  is  contemplating  the  erection  of  a  first- 
class  hotel  here. 

In  1894  Mr.  Jeannot  celebrated  his  marriage  with 
Miss  Anna  Sucker.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Elks,  the 
Foresters,  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  is  a  man  of  in- 
fluence and  popularity  in  these  relations.  Mr.  Jean- 
not is  a  well  informed  Democrat  and  an  adherent  of 
the  Catholic  church.  He  has  shown  marked  capabili- 
ties in  his  business  career  and  has  made  his  present 
gratifying  holding  by  his  own  unaided  efforts,  which 
is  a  real  crown  of  enjoyment. 


PART  VI. 

HISTORY  OF  SHOSHONE  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


CURRENT    HISTORY— 1860-1885. 


e  present  county 
:  that  stimulated 


It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  the  leading  county  ol 
Idaho  in  its  mineral  production  was  likewise  the  first 
in  which  mineral  wealth  was  found.  It  was  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  within  the  limits  of  the 
of  Shoshone  by  Captain  E.  D.  Pi. 
the  first  grand  stampede  into  north  Idaho  and  caused 
the  subsequent  settlement  and  subjugation  of  the  coun- 
try. But  while  Shoshone  county  furnished  the  stimulus 
to  this  development,  it  did  share  equitably  in  the 
results.  Oro  Fino  and  Pierce  City  did  not  long  re- 
main the  magic  names  around  which  the  gold-hungry 
population  of  the  Northwest  -wove  bright  visions  ol 
fortunes  to  be  made  in  a  day.  Subsequent  discoveries 
turned  the  attention  of  goid  hunters  elsewhere,  the 
mercurial  population  of  the  place  was  largely  drawn 
away  by  more  alluring  prospects  in  other  parts  of  the 
north  Idaho  country,  and  the  support  for  a  local  gov- 
ernment was  for  many  years  so  inadequate  that  the 
question  of  dismemberment  of  the  county  was  more 
than  once  mooted. 

Prior  to  the  discovery  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene  mines 
the  settled  portions  of  this  vast  political  division,  im- 
perial in  its  extent,  were  the  country  contiguous  to 
Pierce  City,  the  Moose  creek  mining  country  and  the 
Weippe  and  Fraser  stock  raising  and  agricultural  com- 
munities. The  earliest  history  of  the  first  mentioned 
has  already  found  a  place  in  these  chapters.  Like  the 
rest  of  the  old  placer  fields,  its  wealth  soon  began  to 
show  signs  of  exhaustion  and  eventually  the  placer 
fields  passed  largely  into  the  hands  of  the  Chinese. 
The  white  population  dwindled  to  a  comparatively- 
insignificant  number,  yet  there  were  present  always 
a  few  representatives  of  the  Caucasian  race,  and  as 
the  county-seat  was  located  in  their  central  town,  they 


ested  to  do  what  they  could  for 
of  the  county  organization. 

The  Moose  creek  mines  were  discovered  in  1862 
by  a  wandering  band  of  prospectors.  They  are  sit- 
uated on  the  headwaters  of  the  north  fork  of  the 
Clearwater,  many  miles  to  the  northeast  of  Pierce. 
They  paid  their  discoverers  well  for  a  short  time,  but 
were  soon  deserted,  the  rich  deposits  that  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  first  miners  being  apparently  of 
limited  extent.  A  second  influx  of  population  was 
stimulated  in  the  late  'sixties  by  further  d  scoveries 
made  by  prospectors  named  Ernest  Hil  on  and 
William  Shepard  and  Tommy  O'Brien.  I  is  said 
that  fully  two  hundred  people  rushed  in.  T  is  influx 
resulted  in  the  founding  of  Moose  City,  whi  h  at  one 
time  had  a  saloon,  restaurant,  hotel  and  three  general 
stores.  For  three  years  the  diggings  produced  well, 
supporting  a  considerable  population,  but  during  the 
early  'seventies  they  began  to  fail  again,  though  a  few 
continued  to  mine  in  the  district  twelve  or  fifteen 
years  longer. 

The  first  permanent  settler  in  the  Weippe  section, 
it  is  said,  was  Wellington  Landon,  who  took  up  his 
abode  on  the  present  town  site  of  Weippe  October  6, 
1875.  Previous  to  this,  however,  there  had  been  a 
few  settlers,  principally  stockmen,  among  them  a  man 
named  Petjade,  who  kept  a  station  on  Ford's  creek 
during  the  early  sixties ;  John  Wilson,  Martin  Mauli 
and  Peter  Hourcade.  In  1879  Patrick  Gaffney  settled 
with  his  family  on  land  contiguous  to  the  Landon 
place,  and  later" came  Harvey  Setzer,  William  Gamble, 
Levi  Goodwin  and  a  family  named  French.  These 
were  the  only  inhabitants  of  this  rich  grazing  section 
until  after  the  country  was  surveyed  in  1884,  when  a 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


small  addition  to  their  numbers  was  attracted  to  the 
legion. 

What  is  known  as  the  Fraser  country  lies  between 
the  country  just  described  and  Greer,  along  the  brakes 
of  Lolo  creek  and  the  Clearwater  river.  The  earliest 
settler  in  this  region,  it  is  thought,  was  a  man  famil- 
iarly known  as  "Texas,"  who  lived  on  a  claim  about 
two  miles  east  of  the  site  of  Fraser  postoffice.  He 
took  up  his  residence  in  these  parts  about  1863  or  pos- 
pibly  a  year  earlier.  For  a  few  years  he  kept  a  station 
there,  then  sold  his  right  and  improvements  to  one 
Milo  Thomas,  who  was  succeeded  some  five  or  six 
years  later  by  Mauli  &  Hourcade,  stockmen.  The  next 
settler,  probably,  was  John  Alsop,  who  came  about 
1872  and  located  on  what  is  called  the  Hole-in-the- 
ground  ranch.  In  1874  John  D.  Reed  took  a  claim 
south  of  the  present  Fraser  postoffice  on  the  brakes 
of  the  Lolo,  and  some  four  years  later  Patrick  Keane 
took  a  place  half  a  mile  west  of  the  old  Texas  ranch. 
These  were  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the  region  and 
practically  the  only  residents  until  the  developments 
of  the  past  few  years  began. 

With  so  few  communities  to  support  a  local  gov- 
ernment and  these  so  small  and  weak,  the  mystery  is 
that  county  organization  could  be  maintained  at 'all. 
Much  credit  is  due  the  pioneer  people  of  southern 
Shoshone  for  their  successful  fight  against  political 
disintegration.  Their  existence  as  a  'separate  county 
was  not  maintained  without  sacrifice,  and  it  is  thought 
that  had  not  the  Cceur  d'Alenes  been  discovered  the 
struggle  would  soon  have  been  given  up. 

The  summary  of  assessments  for  the  year  1865 
gives  us  some  idea  of  conditions  obtaining  in  Shoshone 
county  at  that  time.  The  persons  owning  assessable 
property  numbered  273.  Forty-six  houses  were  as- 
sesed,  seven  ditches,  namely,  the  Upper  Shanghai, 
Lower  Shanghai,  Barclay's  gulch,  Rhoades  creek, 
Lower  Rhoades  creek,  McConnel's  and  George  Kleas- 
man's:  three  saloons— D.  H.  Jaume's,  Stanford 
Capps's  and  James  Connelly's:  one  drug  store,  Par- 
ker's; one  saw  mill,  D.  M.  Eraser's;  one  store  and 
gaining  room,  D.  F.  Leonard's;  three  general  stores, 
J.  P.  Butler's,  Levi  Ankeny's  and  Seidner  &  Loewen- 
berg's.  The  assessed  valuation  of  this  property,  added 
to  that  of  the  two  horses  and  367  head  of  beef  cattle 
assessed  to  A.  J.  Watson  and  the  horse,  wagon  and 
harness  and  twelve  cows  assessed  to  John  Corn, 
amounted  in  all  to  $41,960.  Each  of  the  273  persons 
assessed  was  required  to  pay  $4  poll  tax  and  $i  mili- 
tary enrollment  tax. 

The  revenue  collectable  from  every  source  was 
small  even  in  1865  and  it  became  much  smaller  later. 
Edward  Hammond  states  that  by  the  winter  of  1869- 
70  the  population  of  Pierce  City  and  vicinity  had 
fallen  to  about  a  hundred  white  men,  though  there  were 
three  hundred  or  more  Chinamen  in  the  camp,  many 
of  whom  were  doing  well  in  their  mining  operations. 
On  Weippe  prairie  were  a  few  farmers  engaged  in 
raising  cattle,  horses,  hay,  vegetables,  cereals  and  such 
other  products  as  they  could  find  a  market  for  among 
the  miners. 


The  people  of  southern  Shoshone  county,  like 
those  in  other  parts  of  north  Idaho,  were  greatly  dis- 
turbed by  the  Indian  war  of  1877,  though  happily 
comparatively  little  damage  was  done  them  and  their 
numbers  were  not  reduced  by  the  fell  wrath  of  the 
red  man.  The  first  news  of  the  outbreak  was  brought 
to  Pierce  City  by  a  friendly  Nez  Perces  squaw  named 
Louise,  who  lived  on  the  North  Fork.  She  was  at 
that  time  about  thirty-five  years  of  age.  By  frequent 
visits  to  Pierce  City  with  vegetables  she  had  become 
well  acquainted  with  the  white  residents  of  the  town, 
for  whom  she  had  the  kindliest  sentiments.  The  white 
miners  of  Shoshone  county  had  always  been  friendly 
to  the  Indians,  purchasing  from  them  grain  and  vege- 
tables every  year.  When  Louise  announced  that  cer- 
tain Indians  had  taken  the  warpath  they  felt  they  had 
nothing  to  fear  from  the  Kamiahs,  North  Forks,' Lap- 
\vais  or  Clearwaters,  but  they  were  afraid  lest  some 
marauding  detachment  from  Joseph's  band  might  do 
them  harm.  The  inhabitants  were  in  no  condition  to 
defend  themselves  in  case  of  attack.  Their  number 
did  not  exceed  twenty-five  at  the  time,  though  they 
were  reinforced  a  little  later  by  the  arrival  of  Welling- 
ton Landon,  Patrick  Gaffney  and  family,  Martin 
Mauli,  Peter  Hourcade  and  '  John  Reed' from  the 
Weippe  prairie,  and  D.  W.  C.  Dunwell  from  his  ferry 
on  the  Clearwater  near  the  site  of  the  present  Greer. 

rifles  in  the  town;  Francis  Carle  was  armed  with  a 
shotgun  supplied  with  only  one  lock,  and  a  few  of 
the  men  had  revolvers.  The  Chinese  population  was 
still  more  poorly  armed  and  for  some  reason  it  did  not 
seem  anxious  to  prepare  for  defense. 

The  white  people  determined  to  fortify  the  home 
of  Francis  Carle,  in  the  lower  end  of  town, 'and  around 
it  they  built  a  stockade  of  cordwood  eight  feet  high, 
inclosing  two  wells  that  they  might  have  an  abundant 
supply  of  water.  A  small  log  fort  was  also  built  just 
east  of  town  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  school- 
house.  Guards  were  thrown  out  around  the  town,  but 
it  was  the  intention  of  the  people  to  treat  for  peace 
should  the  Indians  appear,  as  they  realized  fully  their 
inability  to  do  more  than  make  a  show  of  defense. 

Shortly  after  the  warning  had  been  given  the 
whites  by  Louise,  Edward  Hammond  determined  to  go 
through  to  Lewiston,  if  he  could,  and  sue  for  aid. 
Starting  in  the  morning,  he  reached  Weippe  prairie 
early  in  the  afternoon  and  from  a  position  in  the 
woods  which  surrounded  the  little  meadow,  he  saw 
seventy  or  eighty  Indians  in  council.  Their  tepees 
had  been  erected  and  a  temporary  camp  established. 
He  also  saw  that  Mr.  Landon's  house  had  been  burned. 

Hastily  returning  to  Pierce  City,  Mr.  Hammond 
informed  his  fellow  citizens  there  of 'what  he  had  seen. 
The  people  did  not  doubt  but  they  would  be  attacked 
forthwith.  All  was  quiet  that  night.  Next  morning, 
however,  two  friendly  Kamiahs  under  flag  of  truce 
came  into  town  with  a  message  from  Chief  Lawyer  to 
the  effect  that  the  hostiles  were  about  to  attack- the 
settlement  and  that  the  whites  should  be  on  their 
guard.  The  settlers  were  unable  to  do  more  than 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


983 


remove  their  women  and  children  to  the  woods  south- 
east of  town,  as  they  had  already  made  such  meagre 
preparations  for  defense  as  lay  in  their  power.  Fortu- 
nately, the  Indians  never  put  in  an  appearance.  It 
was  subsequently  learned  that  they  had  been  dissuaded 
from  attacking  the  town  by  those  of  their  own  num- 
ber who  had  traded  with  the  whites  for  years  and  con- 
sequently looked  upon  them  as  friends.  Many  of  the 
Indians  were  very  much  in  favor  of  the  attack  and 
gave  it  up  only  after  a  long  and  vigorous  contest  in 
the  council. 

The  day  following  the  arrival  of  the  two  Kamiahs 
with  Lawyer's  message  the  whites  decided  to  send  a 
company  of  men  to  Lewiston  for  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion. Eight  men  volunteered  to  go  on  this  dangerous 
journey,  namely :  John  Greer,  Horatio  L.  Gray,  Elliot 
G.  Cole,  Hirani  Nelson,  Frank  Capps,  Patrick  Keane, 
Lawrence  T.  Dunwell,  Robert  Yantis  and  Edward 
Hammond.  Setting  out  from  Pierce  late  in  the  after- 
noon unarmed,  for  they  left  their  weapons  to  those  in 
the  fort,  they  descended  to  the  north  fork  of  the  Clear- 
water  via  Quartz  creek,  crossed  the  river  in  a  canoe 

ceeded  thence  to  Lewiston,  at  which  town  they  arrived 
early  next  morning.  They  experienced  no  difficulty 
in  procuring  sixteen  rifles  and  an  abundance  of  ammu- 
nition. With  these  they  set  out  forthwith  on  the  return 
journey — all  but  Hiram  Nelson,  who  went  to  his  home 
in  Walla  Walla.  Jacob  Schultz,  of  Lewiston,  took  his 
place. 

Being  now  well  armed,  the  doughty  eight  did  not 
fear  to  return  by  the  main  trail  to  Pierce.  At  the 
Clearwater  they  found  the  ferry  burned,  so  were  forced 
to  build  a  raft  in  order  to  cross  the  stream.  They 
arrived  in  town  about  noon  next  day  after  an  unevent- 
ful journey,  and  strengthened  the  defenses  by  their 
presence  and  the  arms  they  brought,  but  fortunately, 
the  rude  fortifications  of  the  miners  were  not  put  to 
the  test.  The  Indians  did  not  attack  the  town  when 
they  could  and  opportunity  to  do  so  never  returned, 
for  they  were  soon  driven  to  parts  beyond  Idaho. 
Shoshone  county  suffered  comparatively  little  from 
the  outbreak,  though  several  score  of  cattle  and  horses 
were  stolen  from  the  ranges  around  Weippe,  one  house 
and  one  ferry  were  burned,  the  miners  were  compelled 
to  desist  from  productive  employment  for  several 
weeks,  and  men  of  all  occupations  were  forced  to  neg- 
lect their  usual  work.  The  direct  and  indirect  losses 
of  the  war  were  considerable. 

In  1881  the  assessed  valuation  of  property  in 
Shoshone  county  was  only  838,981.  The  condition  of 
things  in  the  weak  and  struggling  political  organiza- 
tion may  be  gathered  from  the  following  editorial  in 
the  Lewiston  Teller  of  July  21.  1881,  based  on  infor- 
mation obtained  from  Edward  Hammond : 


Our  Pie 


organization   of   Shoshone,  leaving  the  peopl 
•'   e  officer 

fill    t In -rii'/anT "after 
have   been    mndi 
number  of  whit. 


and  i 


i  les 


the  burdens  of  supporting  a  county  organi 

A  natural  county  pride  has  induced  the  citizens  to  keep 
up  the  organization  in  the  hope  that  immigration  would  soon 

there  has  been  any,  has  been  principally  among  the  Chinese, 
who  have  gone  there  for  mining  purposes  and  bought  the 

tially  worked  by  the  whites.     Little  new  ground  having  been 

remain  in  the  county,  the  latter  have  gradually  diminished 
in  numbers  until  they  are  now  reduced  to  what  we  have 
indicated  above.  It  is  true  that  on  the  north  fork  of  the 
Clearwater  in  said  county,  a  large  number  of  men  each  year 
are  engaged  temporarily  in  the  lumber  business,  but  they 


Ther 


:ounty  whose  busi- 


i  residence  in  the  county  for  agricultural  purposes,  not- 
vithstanding  several  townships  of  the  best  agricultural  land 
ie  within  the  borders  of  the  county  in  it-  southwestern  por- 


utilized  and  be  of  great  value,  and  no  doubt  this   hope  has. 

organization    till    the    time    should    arrive    when    they    would 
find  the  organization  much  easier  to  maintain.     Terms  of  the 


they   i 


irery  < 


the  i 


bers  of  the 

and  when  there 

the  number  of  c 

practicable  to  secure  an  impartial  jury.     Several  of  the  citi- 


expressed  themselves  as  against  the  change.  As  matters  now 
stand,  the  condition  of  things  is  anything  but  pleasant,  and 
the  perplexities  that  arise  are  constantly  becoming  much 


till  the  ne> 


of  the  legislat 


But  the  county  organization  was  not  given  up  in 
1881,  and  fortunate  it  was,  for  even  before  that  date, 
unknown  to  the  residents,  forces  had  been  silently  at 
work  which  were  destined  to  cause  the  county  speedily 
to  become  populous  and  to  leap  at  a  single  bound  to 
a  position  of  prominence  among  its  sister  counties. 
From  the  earliest  times  the  existence  of  gold  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  had  been  suspected.  While  Lieutenant 
Mullan  was  constructing  his  well  known  military  road 
through  the  region  his  men  observed  indications  of 
the  precious  metals,  if  they  did  not  actually  discover 
them.  His  suspicions  of  the  existence  of  gold  in  this 
legion  and  elsewhere  along  the  road  are  frankly  ex- 
pressed in  the  following  interesting  letter  : 

WASHINGTON,  D.   C.,  JUNK  4.   1*84. 
received  your  very  courteous  let- 


of  such 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


e  both 


til.-!' 


wing   the   ground,   particularly   on   the    St.   Joseph 
points   a"ongWthe  IhiTof  "ny^'oaY'  afo^the^Co^ur"  d^Akn^ 

now   recall   quite  vividly  one  of   my   herders   and  hunters,   a 
n  by  the  name  of  Moise,  a  French-Canadian   (the 

of  Lo 
lage  about 


e  day 


found   on   the   headwaters   of   the    north    fork   of   the    Coeu: 
d'Alene   while  out   hunting    for    our    expedition.     This    gol< 
'     ivy   and 


rock  and  weighing  several  ounces  that  it  attracted  not  onl 
i  our  camp,  becau: 


usidera 


ondary 


Rocky  mountains,  between  the  45th  and  the  481)1  parallels  of 
latitude,  that  all  other  development;;  would  necessarily  am" 
naturally  soon  followd. 

last  September,  when  going  out  to  assist  in  driving  the  last 
spike  on  the  N.  P.  railway,  countless  herds  of  stock  grazing 

with  towns  and  villages,  and  being  peopled  by  a  hardy  p 

the  site' oTthrbeludful "town  (SVissou^or  "o  see  the  broad 
plains  of  the  Spokane  fenced  in  and  reduced  to  cultivation,  or 
the  waste  waters  of  the  Spokane  at  Spokane  falls,  harnessed 

by  steamers,  right  in  the  heart  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mow 


ung  tl 


the  i- 


by  me  thirty  years  ago,  and  stated  as  likely  to  take  place.  To 
me  it  is  peculiarly  gratifying  to  know  that  I  have  been  enabled 

suits  of  our  early  labors. 

Your   mines,   if   as   rich   and   extensive   as   reported,   are 

and  promise  to  make  the  city  of  Portland,  Oregon,  a  great 
ulation  and  industrial  development.  Fort  Benton  and  Helena 

Should  your  mining  camps  become  even  one-half  what  is 
expected  of  them,  I  would  not  be  surprised  to  see  the  entire 
mountain  system  from  Eagle  City  on  the  north  to  Pierce  City 


south   bank   of   the   Bitter   Root 
of  the  mountains   and   the   preset 
Spangler,  whether  justly  or  not,  ii 


from  the  line  of  our  road,  where  the  alleged  discovery  was 
ing  on  a  certain  Sunday  on  Fline  creek,  a  tributary  to  Hell 


gold. 

Passing  still  h 
•discovery  of  gold 
fork,  wher  ~ 


everal  pans  of  gravel  an 
y  instance  found  gold  a 


and  towns,  connected  by  a  system  of  narrow  gauge  railroads, 

a   bed    of  mountains,    where    for   so   many   ages   silence   has 
reigned  supreme,  and  whose  industrious  residents,  I  hope,  may 


, 
worked.     Pass 


still  farther 


of  gold  on  , 

rich  deposits  around  Helena  have  been  worked. 

largely  ^f  "old"  m^ner°s  from  CsSffoniS,  anT^n^ad  more 
or  less  experience  in  noticing  the  indications  of  mineral  de- 
posits, their  universal  verdict  was  that  the  entire  country 

-slope  of  tin-  R.,ckv  mountains  was  one  vast  gold  bearing 
country,  and  I  was  always  nervous  as  to  the  possible  dis- 
covery of  gold  along  the  line  of  my  road,  and  I  am  now 

at  that  time!  for\  feared  "hat'  any  rich^discovery  woSTlead 
and  thus,  destroy  the  probable  consummation  of  my  work 
same"  I  then  regarded  it  as  of  the  first  importance  to  myself 

Spokane  onPthe  west  to'thVplains  of  the*"  Missouri  on"  the  .east* 
from  which  other  lines  could  be  subsequently  opened  and  by 

delineated. 

My  object  at  that  time  and  the  object  of  those  whose  views 

as  it  was  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  there  was 


isted  a 


y  prac 


ble  pass  in  the  main  range  of  the  Rocky 

e  could  carry  a  wagon  road,  to  be  followed 
and  I  did  not  hesitate  to  make  all  other 


There  was  a  newspaper  dispute  shortly  after  the 
first  rush  of  gold-seekers  into  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  and 
while  some  of  the  earliest  discoveries  were  in  litiga- 
tion as  to  who  should  be  credited  with  the  distinction 
of  having  first  prospected  in  this  region.  Adam  Aul- 
bach,  the  editor  of  the  Sun  and  the  champion  of  those 
opposed  to  A.  T-  Prichard  and  his  friends,  made  this 
statement :  "The  first  prospector  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
was  Tom  Irwin,  who  came  to  these  mountains  fully 
six  months  before  Mr.  Prichard  did.  Irwin  worked 
a  quartz  claim  on  the  Mullan  road  at  a  place  called 
Miners'  Cabin  as  early  as  the  spring  of  '79.  Prichard 
made  his  appearance  in  that  neighborhood  in  the  fall  ; 
from  Montana,  accompanied  by  William  Gerrard,  and 
went  to  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene.  Prichard  had  no  idea  of  j 
prospecting,  but  came  into  the  country  to  secure  a  j 
lumber  contract  from  Cannon,  Warner  &  Company, 
of  Spokane  Falls,  to  which  he  gave  his  attention. 
Irwin  in  the  meantime  continued  to  prospect,  going 
into  the  mountains  north  of  Nigger  prairie  on  the  south  ] 
fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene.  He  formed  a  favorable 
opinion  of  the  country  and  thought  that  placers  ex-  I 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


isted,  but  could  not  find  any  that  would  pay  in  his 
immediate  line  of  search.  He,  however,  repaired  to 
Fort  Coeur  d'Alene,  where  Prichard  was  logging,  and 
called  the  latter's  attention  to  the  mineral  bearing- 
nature  of  the  region  he  had  prospected  and  made  an 
effort  to  induce  Prichard  and  John  Dason,  a  man 

Both  declared  their  willingness  to  go,  but  were  not 
ready  at  the  time.  Irwin  went  back  to  his  cabin  on 
the  Mullan  road,  accompanied  by  William  Dobson, 
and  resumed  work  on  his  quartz  claim.  Some  time 
afterward  Prichard  came  along  and  signified  his  will- 
ingness to  accompany  the  party,  and  some  prospecting 
was  done,  but  nothing  of  value  was  discovered.  This 
was  in  1880." 

In  answer  Mr.  Prichard  said: 

"I  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  by  way  of 
Montana  from  New  Mexico  to  Colorado  in  the  fall  of 
1878,  and  had  never  heard  of  Cannon,  Warner  & 
Company  before  my  arrival  at  the  post.  I  found  the 
quartz  lead,  known  as  the  Evolution  lead,  on  my  way 
in  in  the  month  of  November,  1878.  On  my  way  I 
left  the  road  and  followed  the  ridges,  crossing  small 
tributaries  looking  for  quartz,  and  one  night  did  not 
get  into  camp  until  midnight.  It  being  late  in  the 
fall,  I  went  to  Post  Coeur  d'Alene,  thence  over  to 
Heyden's  lake,  where  I  did  some  work  for  Heyden, 
and  remained  until  January.  While  there,  hearing 
that  Cannon,  Warner  &  Company  wanted  some  logs, 
I  went  to  Spokane  Falls  to  see  them  and  took  a  con- 
tract which  was  to  have  been  completed  by  July  I, 
'79,  that  being  about  the  time  the.  water  runs  down 


the  unusual  high  water  swept  away  Cannon  &  Com- 
pany's boom,  consequently  they  could  not  receive  the 
logs.  The  money  I  brought  to  the  country  being 
invested  in  the  contract,  Cannon  &  Company  sent  for 
me  and  I  went  to  the  Falls,  where  they  made  further 
arrangements  with  me,  increasing  the  contract  so  as 
to  give  me  employment  until  they  could  replace  the 
boom,  which  they  failed  to  complete  until  late  in  the 
fall.  My  first  acquaintance  with  Tom  Irwin  was  in 
January,  '79,  while  at  the  Falls.  Finding  him  gentle- 
manly and  an  old  prospector,  we  talked  over  the  pros- 
'.  pects  of  the  country,  in  which  I  spoke  of  my  finding 
,  what  is  now  known  as  the  Evolution  lead.  In  the 
spring  while  I  was  at  work  Mr.  Irwin  came  up  on  a 
prospecting  trip  on  the  South  Cceur  d'Alene.  The 
water  being  high,  he  left  some  of  his  packs  at  the 
mission  and  went  as  far  as  Nigger  prairie  with  some 

ing  for  me.  They  had  to  take  the  high  water  trail, 
:  and  it's  being  blocked  with  fallen  timber  and  brush, 
caused  much  delay.  The  men  going  to  Montana  being 
short  of  provisions,  ate  Irwin  out,  so  he  had  to  return, 
doing  very  little  prospecting.  On  his  return  he  found 
the  lead  near  Miners'  camp,  to  which  he  afterward 
returned  and  put  up  his  cabin  in  the  summer  of  '79. 
As  the  editor  claims,  with  much  emphasis,  that  I  did 
not  come  until  the  fall  of  '80,  I  will  add  that  I  have  a 
bill  of  goods  bought  of  C.  F.  Yeaton,  post  trader  ot 


the  Cceur  d'Alene,  lying  before  me  dated  July  7,  1879, 
and  one  of  August  i,  1879,  amounting  up  to  that  date 
to  $610.26.  I  came  in  the  fall  before  I  put  up  my  cabin 
at  Evolution,  the  fall  of  '79,  above  Miner's  camp  and 
worked  my  lead  through  the  winter,  doing  very  little 
execution,  having  no  tools  to  work  with  and  no  money 
to  buy,_having  only  a  silver  dollar  left  on  arriving. 
and  in  February  I  commenced  prospecting  on  a  small 
gulch  called  Prospect  gulch,  putting  in  sluice  boxes 
in  March,  and,  to  my  knowledge,  taking  out  the  first 
placer  gold  on  the  Coeur  d'Alene.  It  being  a  small 
gulch,  the  water  did  not  last  long,  but  I  got  some  very 
nice  specimens  of  coarse  gold." 

No  means  are  available  for  determining  whether 
the  account  of  Mr.  Prichard  is  or  is  not  correct.  John 
P.  Vollmer,  of  Lewiston,  stated  to  the  writer  that  he 
and  other  merchants  of  that  town  outfitted  a  party  of 
prospectors  and  sent  them  into  the  Cceur  d'Alenes  be- 
fore either  Prichard  or  Irwin  had  entered;  that  the 
party  returned  with  some  excellent  specimens  of  gold- 
bearing  quartz,  was  outfitted  again  the  next  season  and 
sent  back  to  develop  further  its  first  discovery ;  and 
that  it  failed  to  find  either  the  ledge  it  had  left  the  year 
before  or  any  other  prospects  rich  enough  to  justify 
its  return.  He  asserts  that  he  and  his  associates  were 
the  first  to  prospect  systematically  in  the  present  Cceur 

In  answer  to  a  request  by  mail  for  further  informa- 
tion, Mr.  Vollmer  sent  along  with  a  copy  of  the  mining 
laws  of  the  Agawam  mining  district  the  following  let- 
ter, bearing  date  June  14,  1903 : 


priority    of    prospecting    the    Coc...    „ ,    ..^    —   

date  Prichard  five  years.  In  June,  1873,  Frank  E.  Peck,  of 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  and  myself  fitted  out  a  prospecting 
party  at  Lewiston,  Idaho,  for  the  purpose  of  prospecting  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  for  gold.  The  party  was  made  up  of  the 
following  members:  Frank  E.  Peck,  of  Boston,  Massachu- 
setts ;  John  O.  Barbour,  George  A.  Frost,  John  Desmukes  and 
—  Delaney,  all  of  Lewiston.  On  the  I3th  of  June  all  prepa- 
rations were  completed  and  the  party  started.  Arriving  at  St. 
Joe  in  due  time  they  proceeded  thence  to  the  Mission,  thence 

along  the  Mullan  road  to  Mud  prairie,  thence  over  the  high 
water  trail  of  the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  to 
the  St.  Regis,  thence  down  that  river  to  the  old  Mullan 
camp  near  which  they  remained  for  a  number  of  days.  They 

of  Moose  creek,  thence  up  Fish  creek  to  Fish  lake.  They 
then  began  a  thorough  system  of  prospecting  between  the  St. 

nearly  all  those  parts  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  that  had  until 
then  not  vet  been  prospected.  The  party  in  its  search  found 


the  party   decided  to  return   to   Lewiston,   where  they  arrived 
some  time  between  the   I4th  and  2Oth  of  November,   1873. 

The  finds  of   t873  being  satisfactory,  T  decided,  with  Mr. 
Peck  to  have  the  party  return  to  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  in  1874 

MiningSD1isZtri(-t.''ml(nin|nclose1Cyou°a  'copy  of  t 
adopted.) 

On  June  9,  1874.  the  party  set  out  again  f 
but  ibnuuh  thev  traveled  and  prospected  aboi 
months  among  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains 
they  failed  to  again  locate  the  rich  find  of  the  y. 


986 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


rant  their  being  worked  under  the  conditions  obtaining  in 
those  days,  we  decided  to  abandon  further  search.  The  party 
again  reached  Lewiston  about  October  1st,  1874.  The  fore- 


But  it  is  almost  universally  conceded  that  to  A.  J. 
Prichard  rightfully  belongs  the  honor  of  having  made 
the  discovery  that  first  introduced  the  region  to  the 
notice  of  the  world.  Even  Mr.  Aulbach,  who  was  an 
opponent  of  Mr.  Prichard  in  the  early  disputes,  has 
conceded  this,  as  appears  from  the  following  extract 
from  an  article  written  by  him  and  published  in  the 
Oregonian  during  the  year  1896: 

"Gold  was  discovered  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  in 
1882  by  A.  J.  Prichard  on  what  is  now  known  as 
Prichard  creek,  one  of  the  tributaries  of  the  north 
fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river.  In  early  days,  or,  to 
be  more  definite,  in  r884,  some  controversy  arose  as 
to  whether  Prichard  should  have  the  credit  of  the 
discovery  or  his  companions.  The  writer,  however, 
who  came  into  the  Cneur  d'Alenes  early  in  1884,  after 
considerable  research  and  interviewing,'  concluded  that 
Prichard  deserved  the  honor.  Prichard  was  preceded 
though  by  prospectors  who  left  the  country  shortly 
before  the  discovery  of  gold.  *  *  *  Near  the  site 
of  the  present  Murray  the  actual  discovery  of  placer 
gold  is  said  to  have  been  made,  but  as  the  party  be- 
came separated,  it  is  doubtful  who  made  it,  Gela'tt  or 
Prichard.  It  is.  however,  certain  that  the  party  was 
under  the  direction  of  Prichard  and  that  if  he  did  not 
dig  the  first  prospect  hole  and  wash  the  first  pan  of 
pay  dirt,  he  was  entitled  to  be  considered  the  discov- 
erer of  the  creek." 

Unfortunately,  the  few  extant  accounts  of  the  pre~ 
liminary  prospecting  which  resulted  in  the  discovery 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  placers  can  not  be  harmonized. 
Mr.  Prichard  and  the  men  who  were  with  him  have 
either  died  or  left  the  country,  so  that  it  is  impossible 
to  interview  them,  and  as  far  as  known,  they  have  left 
no  complete  accounts  of  their  doings.  Mr.  Prichard 
prepared  a  history  of  his  adventures  and  experiences, 
but  it  was  destroyed  by  fire  while  yet  in  manuscript 
form.  According  to  the  account  of  Adam  Aulbach, 
who  claims  that  his  article  in  the  Oregonian  was  the 
result  of  careful  and  exhaustive  research,  made  in  1884, 
when  all  the  original  discoverers  could  be  seen  and 
interviewed,  Irwin  traded  his  stock  of  provisions  in 
1 88 1  to  W.  Edson  and  Bob  Fanning  for  a  horse  and 
departed  for  Colorado.  Fanning  and  Edson  met 
Prichard  and  arranged  with  him  for  an  expedition 
into  the  mountains  to  the  north.  Proceeding  to 
Beaver  creek,  they  prospected  it  for  several  days  with- 
out finding  anything,  then  returned  to  Miner's  cabin, 
about  twelve  miles  distant.  They  then  made  a  trip 
to  Canyon  creek,  at  that  time  named  Miller  creek, 
which  they  also  prospected  without  success.  Dis- 
gusted, Fanning  and  Edson  set  out  for  civilization, 
while  Prichard  again  returned  to  the  "cabin." 

Some  letters  Mr.  Prichard  had  written  to  outside 


parties  either  having  been  too  enthusiastic  or  havi 
been  misconstrued,  a  crowd  of  gold-seekers  was 
cited  to  rush  into  the  "cabin"  and  Evolution.  When 
Prichard  could  not  show  them  any  placer  ground  they 
threatened  to  lynch  him  and  came  near  carrying  their 
threat  into  execution,  but  wiser  counsels  eventually 
prevailed. 

In  June,    1882,    Prichard    again    went   to   Beaver 

creek,  accompanied  this  time  by Gelatt  and  Philip 

Markson.     In  a  little  gulch  near  the  site  of  the  pre 
Delta  they  found  an  old  prospect  hole,  dug,  as 
learned  later,  by  Dawson,  Kirby,  Dempsey  and  Perry. 
No  pay  dirt  was  discovered.     The  party  then  cut  its 
way  through  the  forest  to  the  north  fork  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene,  losing  Gelatt  en  route.    The  old  man,  though 
sixty-five  years  of  age,  was  active,  robust  ai  "  ' 
pendent,  and   it  was  his  custom  to  separate  himself 
from  his  companions  whenever  he  chose.     This  tin 
his  absence  was  protracted  through  several  days.   ' 
other  members  of  the  party  gave   up  hope  of  < 
seeing  him  again  and  pushed  on  up  the  north  fork 
through    the    forest    to   the    mouth    of   what    is    now 
named  Prichard  creek,  which  they  resolved  to  explore,   ; 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  their  supply  of  provi- 
sions was  getting  low.     At  the  site  of  old  Eagle  City 
they  stopped  to  rest  and  prospect.     Here  th 
rejoined,  to  their  great  joy,  by  Gelatt,  who  had  been 
doing  a  little  prospecting  on  his  own  account,  but  had  \ 
found  nothing.    William  Gerrard  came  into  ca 
clay  with  a  small  supply  of  provisions,  having  been  j 
true  to  his  promise  to  follow  up  the  other  prospectors. 
This  party  discovered,  it  is  claimed,  some  gold  near 
their  camp  and  one  of  its  members  made  the  disc 
near  Murray  which  caused  the  great  influx  of  miners.   I 
The  same  story  is  told  by  Mrs.  Prichard,  who  is  J 
simply  rehearsing 'what  her  husband  told  her.  in 

stance  as  follows  •     Prichard  remained  at  Evolutio 

the  south  fork  during  1880,  developing  and  prospert- 
pecting,  but  in  1881  he  started  alone  for  the  north  ] 
fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  on  his  regular  annual  pros-  ; 
pecting  trip.  He  crossed  Evolution  mountain  north  ] 
of  Beaver  creek,  having  to  cut  his  way  through  the  | 
heavy  timber  and  undergrowth  that  then  covered  the  1 
ntry.  From  Beaver  creek  he  crossed  the  low  range  I 
on  to  what  is  now  Prichard  creek,  then  turned  up. I 
Eagle  creek  and  ascended  that  stream  nine  or  I 
miles,  or  about  to  the  mouth  of  what  later  became  J 
known  as  Tributary  gulch.  Here  he  found 
excellent  prospects,  so  good  indeed  that  he  remained  J 
until  the  first  heavy  snow  fell,  when  he  turned  his  j 
face  toward  home.  Upon  reaching  Prichard  creek  he  j 
found  that  rain  had  been  falling  there  instead  of  s 
so  he  determined  to  prospect  in  that  vicinity  awhile.  1 
He  worked  the  site  of  the  present  Murray  on  one  J 
corner  of  what  afterward  became  known  as  Widow's  j 
:laim,  obtaining  excellent  results.  After  six  weeks  otl 
toil  he  was  driven  back  to  Evolution  by  the  heavy  1 

lowfalls.     From  one  pan  of  Prichard  c'reek  dirt  he  ) 

ashed  $42. 
In    1882   he    returned   to   the   north    fork,   accom- 

inied   by   William    Dempsey,   Fanning,   Gelatt  ; 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


987 


md  Phil  Markson.  They  found  some  diggings  near 
the  mouth  of  Eagle  creek  and  spent  most  of  the 
summer  building  and  preparing  to  work  the  ground. 
Prichard  for  some  reason  unknown  did  not  lead  the 
party  to  his  discovery  of  the  year  before  on  Prichard 
creek. 

In  March,  1883,  Mr.  Prichard  located,  in  the  vicin- 
f  of  the  present  Murray,  the  Discovery  group,  con- 
sisting of  four  claims,  one  of  which  was  for  his  son 
;se,  one,  the  Pacific,  later  known  as  the  Murray,  for 
rs.  C.  A.  Schnltz,  of  Michigan  ;•  one,  the  Lane,  for 
Mrs.  Mary  H.  Lane,  of  Illinois  (this  is  the  claim 
which  subsequently  became  known  as  the  "Widow's 
claim"),  and  one  for  Willard  O.  Endicott,  a  son  of 
Mr.  Prichard's  old  lieutenant.  In  each  of  these 
Prichard  was  to  have  a  half  interest  for  working  and 
management.  Besides  the  Discovery  group  he  took 
a  great  many  other  claims  on  the  creek  bank  for  differ- 
ent friends  by  power  of  attorney.  Gelatt  took  a  claim 
which  developed  into  one  of  the  leading  producers  in 
the  camp.  Dempsey  located  placer  ground  about  a 
mile  above  Eagle. 

Mrs.  Prichard  gives  it  as  her  belief  that  there  is 
no  truth  in  the  assertion  that  the  man  who  afterward 
became  her  husband  was  threatened  with  lynching  in 

52,   or  at  any  other  time.     Robert  T.   Horn,  who 

e  to  the  country  in  August  of  that  year,  believes 
[the  story,  however,  and  William  Osburn  says  he  was 
vith  the  party  who  threatened  to  inflict  this  summary 
punishment  for  an  imaginary  wrong,  but  he  fixes  the 
date  as  May.  1883.  He  says  the  gold-hunters  came 
to  Prichard  and  urged  that  he  show  them  the  place 
where  he  had  made  his  discoveries.  The  latter  expos- 
tulated with  them  that  a  trip  to  the  place  was  useless 
:at  that  season  of  the  year  and  very  arduous.  They 
said  the  journey  could  not  be  worse  than  the  one  they 
had  taken  and  still  urged  him  to  become  their  guide. 
At  length  he  yielded.  He  led  them  to  the  spot  where 
gold  had  been  discovered,  but  the  ground  was  covered 
so  deep  with  snow  that  no  prospecting  could  be  done. 
The  gold-hunters  then  became  angry  and  talked  of 
lynching  their  guide,  whereupon  William  Osburn,  who 
•was  with  the  partv,  called  their  attention  to  the  fact 
that  they  came  to  the  country  against  Prichard's 
vishes  (for  he  desired  to  keep  his  discoverv  a  secret 
from  all  except  the  members  of  a  certain  order  of  lib- 
eralists  to  which  he  belonged),  that  they  had  been 
accommodated  by  him  and  that  they  were  utterly  with- 

:  excuse  for  a  display  of  anger  or  violence.  Appar- 
ently they  saw  the  injustice  of  their  position,  for  they 
desisted  from  further  threats  against  Prichard's  life. 

As  just  intimated,  Mr.  Prichard  wished  very  much 
|  save  the  best  locations,  and  indeed  all  locations,  for 
his  friends  of  the  Liberal  League.  In  1888  the  Spo- 
kane Review  published  what  it  claimed  to  be  a  copy 
of  one  of  these  letters.  Though  the  writer  can  no't 
be  absolutely  sure  of  its  authenticity,  it  is  here  repro- 
duced and  given  for  what  it  is  worth : 

EVOLUTION,  Jan.  7,  1883. 
Mr.  C : 

Dear  Sir— As  I  came  across  your  name  in  the 
'Truthseeker,  I  take  the  liberty  of  addressing  you  a 


few  lines  in  hopes  of  giving  my  "liberal  friends"  a  little 
assistance.  I  can  not  enter 'into  details  in  a  short 
letter,  but  will  give  enough  to  give  you  an  understand- 
ing of  what  I  wish  and  will  ask  you  as  a  gentleman 
and  brother  liberal  not  to  make  it  known  outside  the 
I  .iberal  League  and  its  members. 

I  have  made  a  discovery  of  a  gold-bearing  coun- 
try that  will  give  employment  to  at  least  15,000  to 
20.000  men.  There  are  two  streams  that  I  have  pros- 
pected well;  one  is  sixteen  to  twenty-five  miles  long, 
as  near  as  I  can  judge ;  the  other  twelve  to  sixteen 
miles  and  an  average  width  of  sixty  to  seventy  rods  • 
have  found  gold  on  three  other  streams  of  near  the 
same  size,  but  have  not  tested  them  enough  to  know 
how  they  will  pay.  The  two  streams  I  speak  of  will 
pay  their  whole  length  and  probably  the  most  of  their 
tributaries,  with  an  abundance  of  good  timber  and 
water.  Bedrock  from  five  to  twelve  feet.  Gold 
coarse  and  of  good  quality.  There  are  two  good  and 
natural  town  sites  where  will  be  built  cities  represent- 
ing thousands  in  less  than  two  years,  and  the  country- 
is  traversed  with  hundreds  of  mineral  bearing  lodes 
of  quartz.  And  now  for  good  reasons  which  I  have 
not  time  to  explain  I  would  like  to  see  as  much  of  this 
go  into  the  hands  of  the  liberals  as  possible,  and  also 
see  them  build  a  city  where  they  can  have  their  own 
laws  and  enough  of  this  vast  mining  region  to  sup- 
port it,  which  they  can  do  if  they  will  go  at  it  cool 
and  work  together.  I  have  spent  four  years  here  by 
myself  looking  and  working  it  up.  I  first  discovered 
and  located  a  lode  on  the  Mullan  road,  and  not  having 
much  means  to  open  it  up,  I  spent  all  of  my  spare 
time  looking  for  placers,  not  anticipating  finding  ex- 
tensive mines,  only  something  to  help  me  open  my 
[ode,  but  I  have  found  a  richer  and  bigger  section  than 
I  supposed  lav  undiscovered  in  the  Rocky  range,  and 
now  if  you  will  convey  the  purport  of  what  I  give 
you  to  as  many  leagues  as  you  can  on  this  coast,  and 
request  them  to  get  together  and  keep  this  information 
to  themselves,  they  can  secure  the  "lion's  share."  I  am 
in  the  mountains,  fifty  miles  from  a  postoffice,  and  can 
do  but  little  in  winter,  for  the  snow  gets  from  three 
to  four  feet  deep  here.  I  will  give  directions  how  to 
get  there  and  what  is  needed.  My  location  I  call 
"Evolution,"  as  that  is  the  name  of  my  lode.  It  is  on 
the  old  Mullan  road  to  Montana.  I  am  fifty  miles 
east  of  Fort  Cosur  d'Alene  and  twenty-three  miles  east 
of  the  old  mission.  The  Northern  Pacific  railroad  runs 
within  twelve  miles  of  the  post,  where  there  is  a  town 
called  Rathdrum.  Parties  coming  will  want  pack  ani- 
mals, as  the  new  mines  are  back  from  my  place  on  the 
road  forty  miles  in  the  mountains,  with  but  poor  pack 
trails  yet,  as  I  have  not  had  time  to  cut  them  out  more 
than  enough  to  get  through,  and  they  will  want  sup- 
plies for  a  month  or  two,  as  there  will  be  no  chance 
of  getting  anything  after  leaving  the  post  at  present. 
Probably  the  best  place  for  those  that  have  to  buy 
horses  would  be  to  stop  at  Spokane  Falls,  Washington 
Territory,  which  is  thirty  miles  from  the  post,  and  per- 
haps they  might  do  better  in  provisions  and  groceries, 
tools,  etc. 

Now,   if  there   are  many   that   conclude   to   come 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


they  might  leave  the  impression  along  the  road  that 
they  were  going  to  Montana  and  give  as  many  liberals 
as  possible  a  chance  to  get  in  before  they  get  up  an 
excitement. 

I  shall  be  down  about  the  middle  of  April  and 
that  is  as  soon  as  they  need  to  get  to  the  post,  as  they 
can't  get  into  the  mountains  until  the  water  runs  down, 
and  sometimes  it  keeps  up  until  the  middle  of  May, 
so  they  need  not  be  in  a  hurry  getting  an  early  start. 
There  are  but  three  or  four  that  have  a  knowledge  of 
it  (the  discovery  of  gold)  here,  and  that  is  merely  a 
suspicion.  They  have  agreed  to  keep  it.  I  am  a  little 
afraid  of  one  of  them  or  I  would  have  waited  a  little 
longer,  but  shall  try  to  get  ready.  I  wanted  to  pros- 
pect a  little  more  before  a  rush  commenced,  for  it  will 
surely  come.  Now,  hoping  that  my  friends  may  profit 
by  die  knowledge  I  have  given  them,  I  remain, 
Yours  fraternally, 
A.  J.  PRICHARD. 

Such  letters  as  the  foregoing  sent  to  members  of 
Liberal  Leagues  in  Montana,  Colorado  and  elsewhere 
induced  quite  a  stampede  into  the  gold  belt  of  the 
Creur  d'Alenes  in  1883.  The  secret  was  not  well  kept 
by  the  liberal  people.  The  news  was  spread  abroad 
and  soon  reached  the  miners  of  the  Black  Hills,  who 
began  pouring  into  the  new  Mecca  of  the  gold-seeker 
in  June.  When  they  arrived  they  found  that  nearly  all 
the  valuable  placer  ground  along  the  creek  had  been 
taken  by  Prichard  for  his  friends  through  power  of 
attorney.  Not  to  be  baffled,  they  at  once  began  jump- 
ing the  best  claims.  Prichard,  Gelatt,  Fisher  and  Bob- 
lett  saw  that  their  locations  for  absent  persons  would 
not  be  respected,  so  they  sent  to  the  Palouse  country 
for  friends  residing  in  that  farming  district.  At  least 
fifty  responded,  coming  in  by  every  species  of  convey- 
ance and  soon  reaching  the  gold  fields,  for  they  had 
only  a  short  distance  to  come.  Mr.  Horn  tells  us 
that  about  the  same  time  a  third  district  party  of 
twenty  or  thirty,  under  the  leadership  of  William  Stil- 
well,  'Barney  McAleer,  William  Osburn  and  a  man 
named  Eumas,  came  in  and  that  the  three-cornered 
clash  naturally  arising  out  of  those  conditions  was  the 
beginning  of  the  troubles  in  the  gold  mining  district. 
At  first  claims  were  held  by  those  who  could  muster 
the  greatest  show  of  force  to  defend  their  real  or  pre- 
tended rights,  but  the  numerous  disputes  were  later 
taken  into  the  courts  and  made  the  subject  of  pro- 
tracted and  costly  litigation. 

The  rush  of  the  spring  and  summer  of  1883  was  a 
small  affair  compared  with  that  of  the  ensuing  fall, 
winter  and  spring.  Among  those  whose  attention  was 
attracted  to  the  new  mining  district  by  the  reports 
circulated  in  the  early  months  of  1883  and  confirmed 
by  subsequent  developments  was  H.  C.  Davis,  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad,  who  saw  in  the  Cceur 
d'Alene  mining  excitement  an  opportunity  to  secure 
patronage  for  his  line  and  also  perhaps  to  induce  the 
permanent  settlement  of  a  region  contigous  to  his  road. 
He  therefore  caused  the  circulation  of  a  pamphlet 
describing  the  new  mining  district  in  glowing  lan- 
guage. The  Northern  Pacific  gold  circular  has  be- 
come famous  in  the  history  of  the  camp  as  the  chief 


cause  of  that  great  winter  rush  of  1883-4.  It  repre- 
sented that  $100  a  day  to  the  man  were  being  taken 
out  of  the  rimrock  of  the  gulches,  while  in  the  gulches 
§25  to  $40  per  diem  per  man  were  being  panned. 

"The  claims  are  very  rich,"  says  this  circular,  "and 
are  located  in  the  gulches  of  the  north  fork  of  the 
Cceur  d'Alene  river,  Eagle,  Prichard  and  Beaver 
creeks,  streams  running  into  the  Cceur  d'Alene  river, 
Rich  placer  deposits  have  already  been  discovered  foi 
a  considerable  distance  on  Prichard  creek  and  the  same 
distance  on  Eagle -creek,  the  creeks  being  known  by 
the  latter  name  from  the  point  where  they  come 
gether.  Nuggets  have  been  found  which  weigh  $50, 
Sioo,  $166  and  $200.  An  intense  excitement  has 
sprung  up  in  regard  to  the  quartz  deposits  of  this  dis- 
trict, the  immediate  occasion  of  this  being  a  'find'  of 
a  valuable  quartz  lode  at  the  head  of  Prichard  creek. 
The  vein  has  been  traced  on  the  surface  for  a  dis- 
taince  of  five  hundred  feet  and  the  outcroppings  i 
very  prominent.  The  ore  taken  from  the  vein  shows 
a  great  amount  of  free  gold,  in  fact,  it  fairlv  glis- 
tens. *  *  * 

"The  most  extensive  galena  belt  known  at  the  pres- 
ent day  is  being  developed  on  Beaver  creek.  The  vein 
can  be  readily  traced  on  the  surface  for  five  or 
miles,  the  ore  carrying  from  eighty  to  ninety  oui 
of  silver  and  35  to  40  per  cent.  lead.  *  *  * 

"Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene  mines,  j 
which  surpass  in  richness  and  volume  the  most  fabu-  | 
lous  quartz  and  placers  ever  discovered,  even  the  1 
famous  deposits  of  'Potosi'  being  inferior  to  those  j 
which  underlie  the  mountains  of  the  Cceur  d'Alenes.  ' 
As  the  mines  of  the  old  world,  some  of  which  have  j 
been  worked  since  the  eleventh  century,  are  still  em-  I 
ploying  thousands  of  men,  the  conclusion  to  be  drawn! 
in  regard  to  the  Cceur  d'Alenes,  a  region  far  superior  \ 
in  every  way,  is  that  they  are  inexhaustible,  and  al-  J 
though  thousands  may  work  them,  there  will  still  be! 
room  for  thousands  more." 

Unquestionably  the  many  who  poured  into  the  I 
Cceur  d'Alene  country  over  the  crests  of  snow-clad! 
and  forbidding  mountain  ranges  during  the  memora-  | 
ble  winter  of  1883-4  knew  that  the  statements  of  the  | 
circular  were  gross  exaggerations,  but  they  all  thought  ' 
that  without  doubt  a  rich  mining  region  had  been  dis-i 
covered,  and  they  accordingly  poured  into  the  country  I 
despite  the  warnings  of  the  press  and  of  experienced! 
men.  It  was  estimated  that  there  were  fully  one  thou- 1 
sand  men  in  the  district  by  the  middle  of  February. 

Of  course,  there  were  ambitious  towns  in  Montana 
and  Washington  desirous  of  gaining  as  much  as  pos- 
sible by  the  rush  and  in  a  very  short  time  numerous  I 
routes  to  the  mining  districts  had  been  constructed 
and  their  promoters  were  vicing  with  each  other  for  • 
public  favor.     As  a  matter  of  historical  interest,  the  v 
principal  routes  of  travel  may  be  alluded  to  briefly.       * 

The  Jackass  trail  was  one  of  the  best.  In  order 
to  take  it  the  traveler  left  the  railroad  at  Rathdrum, 
in  Kootenai  county,  traveled  by  stage  to  Cceur  d'Alene 
City,  thence  by  steamer  to  Kingston,  where  a  train  ^ 
of  thirty  saddle  horses  were  in  readiness  to  convey 
passengers  to  Jackass,  a  point  on  the  Mullan  road 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


hree  miles  above  Kingston,  and  from  that  over  the 
divide  to  Eagle  City  by  way  of  Beaver,  h  was  stated 
hat  by  this  route  passengers  reached  their  destination 
n  the  evening  of  the  day  upon  which  they  started 
from  Coeur  d'Alene  City. 

The  North  Fork  route  was  over  a  trail  used  by  the 
Indians  long  before  the  foot  of  white  man  ever  rested 
on  the  soil  of  the  Northwest.  It  was  also  the  high 
r  trail  used  in  early  days  by  packers  between 
Wallula  and  Helena. 

The  Thompson  Falls  route  was  in  course  of  con- 
ruction  in  the  spring  of  1884.  It  left  Thompson 
Falls,  Montana,  the  most  easterly  point  on  the  rail- 
road from  which  access  could  be  had  to  the  mines,  and 
proceeded  up  Prospect  creek  to  the  summit,  thence 
ist  the  head  of  Prichard  creek  and  through  the 
wns  of  Sullivan  City,  Raven  City  and  Murrayville 
and  down  the  creek  to  Eagle. 

The  Belknap  trail  was  an  important  route,  connect- 
ing the  town  in  Montana  from  which  it  took  its  name 
with  Eagle  City.  It  became  the  mail  route  as  soon 
as  a  postoffice  was  established  in  Eagle,  and  later  a 
telegraph  line  between  the  two  towns  followed  it.  The 
town  of  Belknap  was  favored  by  the  wealth  and  pow- 
erful influence  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  which  of  course 
Ivocated  the  Belknap  route. 

By  no  means  least  in  importance,  though  mentioned 

it  in  this  review,  was  the  Trout  Creek  trail.     This 

is  referred  to  by  the  Eagle  as  "the  great  snow  trail 

about  which  so  many  columns    of    description  were 

ten  during  the  winter."     "Hundreds  of  people," 

;  that  newspaper,  "wrote  glowing  accounts  of  the 
perils  of  the  passage  to  Eagle  City  by  way  of  Trout 
;ek,  but  never  an  accident  occurred  from  the  time 
was  opened  until  the  bottom  fell  out  of  it  when  the 
snow  went  off.  During  the  winter  it  was  the  main 
inlet  and  outlet  for  the  mines,  and  it  is  reported  that 
with  some  little  work  a  good  trail  and  wagon  road  can 
:  be  built  into  Eagle.  Trout  Creek  is  a  station  on  the 
railway  midway  between  Belknap  and  Thompson 
Falls  and  distant  from  Eagle  about  thirty-five  miles." 

The  first  town  laid  out  in  the  Cceur  d'Alenes  was 
Eagle  City.  It  took  its  name  from  Eagle  creek,  which 
so  denominated,  it  is  said,  from  the  fact  that  from 
immemorial  a  certain  tree  on  its  bank  near  the 
spot  on  which  the  town  was  built  was  used  by  eagles 
is  a  nesting  place.  The  tree  was  a  high  cottonwood 
without  limb  or  branch  below  forty  feet.  At  this 
leight.  however,  a  cluster  of  limbs  branched  out,  fur- 
nishing support  for  the  weather-beaten  and  time-worn 
nest  in  which  the  eagles  had  reared  their  young,  the 
Indians  said,  for  at  least  forty  years. 

Eagle  City  was  a  magic  word  in  the  years  1883-4. 
The  history  of  the  town  was  that  of  a  pioneer  mining 
amp ;  its  decline  was  as  rapid  as  its  rise.  We  are  in- 
formed that  in  March,  1884,  town  property  was  in 

:at  demand,  lots  bringing  from  $200  to  $2,000 ;  also 
that  for  one  or  two  established  business  houses  offers 
of  $10,000  were  refused.  The  Coeur  d'Alene  Nugget 
March  22,  1884,  tells  us  that  twenty  new  business 
bouses  were  opened  in  the  mining  district  during  the 
receding  week.  By  the  same  issue  we  are  informed 


that  stoves  were  the  highest-priced  commodities  in 
camp,  the  Sibley  variety,  which  were  nothing  more 
than  conical  sheet-iron  structures,  each  with  a  door 
and  place  for  a  stovepipe,  selling  for  from  $30  to  $40 ; 
sheet-iron  box  stoves  for  from  $20  to  $80,  and  ordi- 
nary cook  stoves  from  $75  to  $150;  also  that  Hood  & 
Company,  at  an  enormous  expense  and  in  the  face  of 
tremendous  obstacles,  had  established  the  first  saw 
mill  in  the  mines,  a  steam  mill  with  a  capacity  of 
14,000  feet  each  twenty-four  hours.  The  mil!  was 
brought  on  sleighs  through  Fourth  of  Tuly  canyon  and 
by  boat  up  the  north  fork.  It  tells  us  that  the  Eagle 
City  Bank  had  the  honor  of  having  brought  the  first 
safe  into  the  mines;  a  Herring's  fire  proof,  weighing 
about  two  hundred,  and  fifty  pounds.  The  safe  was 
dragged  in  over  the  Trout  Creek  trail  by  two  men. 
In  the  same  number  appears  a  fiat,  promulgated  by 
the  residents  of  the  district,  that  no  Chinaman  shall 
ever  enter  the  camp  on  pain  of  expulsion  or  death  and 
the  expulsion  of  the  person  importing  such  Chinaman. 
The  business  directory  set  forth  in  its  columns  is : 

Lawyers :  S.  C.  'Hyde,  W.  H.  Johnson,  Charles 
W.  O'Neil,  French,  Woody  &  Marshall,  William  Seal- 
Ion,  W.  T.  Stoll,  L.  H.  Prather,  L.  E.  Nash.  J.  M. 
Kinnaird,  Maloney  &  Trumbull ;  real  estate  agents: 
L.  F.  Butler  &  F.  A.  Wickersham,  A.  P.  Benton  & 
Company  (W.  E.  Hunt),  Charles  A.  Webster;  gen- 
eral stores,  MacKenzie  &  Evans,  Samuel  H.  Hays 

meat^iarket,  Moffitt  &  Wise ;' hardware,  H.  j!  Blume; 
Eagle  City  Bank;  saw  mill,  Hood  &  Company;  for- 
warding company,  B.  C.  Eckers  &  |.  F.  Wardner ;  bar- 
ber shop,  Parker  &  Boyer ;  physicians,  E.  Thiele.  Fred 
Quimby,  H.  O.  Beeson'&  P.  B.  Williams,  J.  B.  Patter- 
son ;  restaurants,  Matt  Brown  &  Company,  the  Pioneer, 
K.  Y.  Jeffrey,  proprietor;  lodging  houses,  the  Coeur 
d'Alene,  Carey  &  Carlton,  proprietors,  the  Arlington, 
Kuebler  &  Vedder,  proprietors ;  paints,  L.  P.  Cough- 
lin ;  builders,  D.  W.  Mclntosh,  J.  A.  Rives :  mining 
recorder  and  justice  of  the  peace,  Frank  Points  ;  notary 
public,  James  F.  Topliff;  saloons,  Cole  Brothers,  the 
Daisy,  Coy  &  Hess,  proprietors,  the  Comstock.  Fender 
&•  Shaw,  proprietors. 

"The  most  aggravating  evil  which  vexes  this  camp 
at  present,"  says  the  Nugget,  "is  not  poorly  cooked 
beans,  bad  whiskey,  dead  beats  nor  the  dreadful  con- 
dition of  our  trails.  All  these  are  bad  in  their  way, 
but  are  glorious  when  compared  to  the  difficulty  and 
uncertainty  of  getting  our  mail.  In  the  early  days  of 
the  camp  a  weekly  mail  was  established  by  the  way  of 
Fort  Coeur  d'Alene.  It  was  brought  in  on  snow  shoes, 
or  otherwise,  as  the  conditon  of  the  trail  allowed.  Those 
who  subscribed  certain  amounts  per  month,  say  $30.  • 
•eceived  all  their  mail  for  this  sum.  All  others  paid 


'  satis- 


factorily to  the  public  and'  paid  very  remunerative 
wages  to  the  carriers  so  long  as  there  were  only  two  or 
three  hundred  men  in  camp.  Now  that  thousands  are 
here,  and  tens  of  thousands  coming,  the  carriers  may 
be  making  money,  but  the  public  are  far  from  happy. 
No  contracts  can  now  be  made  by  the  month  and  no 
less  than  fifty  cents  will  secure  a  letter.  This  works 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  great  hardship  upon  business  men,  who  have  lately 
established  themselves  in  the  mines.  The  mail  comes 
very  slowly  and  with  perplexing  uncertainty,  two  weeks 
being  frequently  required  to  bring  a  letter  from  Spo- 
kane Falls.  But  this  is  not  all.  There  is  no  postoffice 
in  the  mines.  Out  of  mere  accommodation  and  without 
a  cent  of  remuneration  W.  J.  Shelton  &  Company  have 
permitted  letters  to  be  left  at  their  store.  The  con- 
stant interruptions  and  vexations  occasioned  of  late, 
however,  have  caused  Mr.  Shelton  to  object,  and  Kueb- 
ler  &  Vedder  have  accepted  the  irksome  task  of  keep- 
ing and  distributing  the  mail.  Something  must  be 
done  and  that  right  speedily.  Many  a  poor  fellow  is 
in  camp  who  cannot  pay  fifty  cents  for  a  letter ;  many 
a  one  who  could  do  so  cannot  get  his  letters  with  any 
degree  of  promptness  or  certainty.'' 

But  the  trouble  about  mail  was  of  short  duration, 
for  in  April  A.  F.  Parker  received  his  commission  as 
postmaster,  also  a  mail  key,  supply  of  stamps,  etc., 
and  by  about  the  2oth  a  postoffice,  known  as  Eagle, 
was  opened  for  business.  Mail  arrived  and  departed 
Monday,  Wednesday  and  Friday  of  each  week. 

The  Eagle,  another  pioneer  paper  of  the  district, 
gives  us  the  following  picture  of  conditions  in  Eagle 
City  in  April,  1884: 

At  this  stage  of  its  growth  and  development,  Eagle 
presents  the  appearance  of  a  "hard"  place.  Its  buildings  are 
located  on  lots  from  which  snow  to  the  depth  of  four  feet 
has  been  excavated  and  dumped  into  the  street,  so  that  be- 
tween the  buildings  and  the  streets  there  is  a  solid  wall  of 
snow.  The  buildings  are  composed  of  logs  and  shakes. 
Great  tents  with  gaudily  painted  signs  loom  up  in  endless 
variety  before  the  spectator,  while  from  within  come  the 
sound  of  revelry  and  strains  of  music,  the  click  of  chips  and 
the  metallic  chink  of  hard  cash  as  it  passes  over  the  bar. 
The  streets  and  places  of  public  resort  are  thronged  night 
and  day  with  miners  and  prospectors  waiting  for  the  snow 
to  disappear  so  they  can  get  off  into  the  mountains  on  their 
annual  prospecting  tour.  Then  there  are  the  packers  and 
transient  population,  a  tough  looking  crowd,  but  very  or- 
derly, who  stand  around  enjoying  the  luxury  of  a  sun  bath. 
On  the  corners  are  knots  of  men  talking  mines  and  mining, 

The  stores  are  thronged  discussing  the  locality  and  merits 
of  the  last  new  thing  in  rich  strikes :  the  centers  are  strewn 
with  specimens  of  quartz  from  the  different  districts;  while 

shot   will  bring  a  hundred  men  to  their  feet  for  an  instant, 

ne^rTcTiirred4  yet"     Thir  there*  are*  ^"an^Tof   pack 

lapidation   fromgghard  "usag^on  ^e Different  trails.     On  all 

hands  carpenters  and  mechanics  are  busy  erecting  shanties 
for  temporary  occupancy,  but  talk  with  whom  you  will  you 
find  that  the  utmost  confidence  is  expressed  in 'the  outcome 

'gest  camp  in  America  and  that  the  business  men  are  con- 
servative enough  not  to  be  guilty  of  exaggerating  the  mineral 
wealth  of  our  placer  fields  and  quartz  ledges  in 
order  to  encourage  a  wild  stampede.  On  all  hands 

the  camp  sustain  itself  and  to  await  developments  on  the  more 

business  men  of  Eagle  include  representatives  of  every  state 
in  the  union,  and  it  is  a  promising  sign  that  they  are  pur- 
ing  to  erect  larger  and  more  commodious  places  of  business 


as  soon  as  the  material  can  be  procured.  This  is  about  t 
status  of  Eagle  to-day.  Every  branch  of  business  is  well  re 
resented.  We  have  two  banks,  several  stores  of  general  m« 
chandise  and  more  saloons  and  lodging  houses  than  you  c 
shake  a  stick  at. 

Thousands  of  dollars  worth  of  real  estate  transfers  a 
made  and  recorded  daily,  and  thousands  more  are  being  i 
vested    in    substantial    buildings    and    other    business    enter- 
prises.    No  lawlessness  exists. 

While  in  1883  Eagle  City  was  practically  the  only 
town,  the  influx  that  winter  and  in  1884  gave  it  nu- 
merous rivals  and  by  the  fall  of  that  year  Murrayville 
had  gained  the  lead.  Other  towns  which  came  into 
existence  during  the  twelvemonth  were :  Beaver  City, 
which  in  April  had  three  stores,  two  saloons  and  a 
number  of  dwelling  houses:  Carbon  City,  six  miles 
further  up  Beaver  creek,  near  the  then  famous  "Sun- 
set" galena  lode;  Butte  City,  later  named  Littlefield, 
on  Prichard  creek,  about  seven  miles  west  of  Eagle 
City,  which  contained  in  May  about  thirty  buildings : 
Raven  City,  on  Prichard  creek,  six  miles  above  Murray- 
ville, a  way  station  on  the  Thompson  Falls  route,  and 
supplied  in  April  with  eleven  saloons,  three  general  mer- 
chandise stores,  and  a  number  of  restaurants  and  lodg- 
ing houses;  and  Myrtle,  on  Trail  creek  at  the  inter- 
section of  Placer  and  Potosi  gulches,  containing  busi- 
ness establishments  owned  by  Wardner  &  Company, 
Coy  &  Hess,  William  Osburn,  William  Buzzard  and  E. 
Bolger.  It  is  probable  that  other  towns  were  also  laid 
out  in  1884. 

The  placer  mines  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  were  really 
rich,  and  while  many  who  flocked  in  were  disappoint- 
ed, as  is  invariably  true  of  mining  excitements,  i 
others  reaped  a  rich  harvest.  Perhaps  the  principal 
drawback  to  development  was  the  unfortunate  If  ' 

The  United  States  statutes  allowed  each  man  to  claim 
twenty  acres  of  placer  ground,  and  to  hold  it  legally  by 
doing  a  comparatively  small  amount  of  development 
work  each  year.  Many  farmers  from  the  Palouse 
country  and  elsewhere  and  many  others  whose  bus 
was  not  mining,  took  advantage  of  the  law  to  hold  rich 
ground,  while  they  gave  much  of  their  attention  to 
other  pursuits.  Mining  men  who  had  come  long  dis- 
tances to  secure  claims  and  make  a  stake  working  them 
were  naturally  chagrined  at  this  condition  of  things 
and  jumped  claims  without  scruple  whenever  they 
found  the  letter  of  the  law  had  not  been  complied  with. 

miners'  meetings  were  held  at  different  times  and  laws 
governing  the  districts  were  enacted.  By  this  m 

as  sought  to  reduce  the  size  of  a  claim  to  ten  acres. 
Of  course  the  United  States  statutes  were  held  para 
mount  to  any  local  enactments,  where  disputes  wer 
taken  into  the  courts,  and  the  original  claimant  eventu- 
illy  secured  the  ground  in  all  cases  where  the  testi- 
nony  clearly  showed  priority  of  location,  and  a  dis-  ] 
position  to  comply  with  the  law  in  good  faith. 

One  claim  which  became  the  subject  of  litigation 
;as  especially  famous  in  the  early  days,  not  alone 
for  its  richness,  but  because  of  the  wit  and  humor  which 
grew  out' of  the  trouble  concerning  it.  This  was 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


"Widow's  claim,"  heretofore  mentioned  as  having  been 
located  by  A.  J.  Prichard.  It,  along  with  other  claims, 
\vas  jumped  by  miners.  Perhaps  the  most  persistent 
of  the  widows  who  claimed  it  was  Mrs.  A.  M.  Edding- 
ton,  a  woman  of  about  forty -five  summers.  Airs. 
Prichard  says  she  was  an  impostor  out  and  out;  that 
she  had  no  right  whatever  to  the  mining  claim  and  no 


in  it  by  inducing  Mr.  Prichard  to  marry  her.  This 
he  refused  to  do.  The  real  widow,  the  one  for  whom 
the  claim  was  taken,  was  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Lane,  of  Illi- 
•  nois,  who  came  to  the  mines  in  1884  and  was  an  im- 
portant witness  for  Mr.  Prichard  in  his  various  law- 


Another  subject  cf  litigation  was  the  location  of  the 
mining  region,  jurisdiction  over  it  being  claimed  orig- 
inally by  both  Kootenai  and  Shoshonc  counties.  At  the 
June  term  of  court  the  case  was  decided  by  Judge 
Norman  Buck  in  favor  of  Shoshone  county. 

The  year  was  one  of  great  activity  on  the  gulches 
of  Prichard  and  Eagle  creeks  in  developing  placer 
nines,  and  in  all  parts  of  the  region  in  prospecting 
for  both  placer  and  quartz  locations.  While  many 
claims  yielded  an  ounce  of  gold  a  day  to  the  man  and 

2  others  gave  even  larger  cleanups,  it  was  found 
that  the  greatest  wealth  of  the  country  was  beyond 
the  reach  of  the  poor  man  and  could  only  be  garnered 
vith  capital  to  install  large  enterprises.  Ac- 
cordingly, some  effort  was  made  to  interest  capital  in 
ditch  schemes  and  other  developments,  and  a  few  enter- 
rises  of  the  kind  were  begun. 

In  its  issue  of  May  7,  1884,  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Nug- 
get gave  a  general  view  of  activities  at  that  time.  As 
-iffording  a  glimpse  of  the  golden  days,  it  is  here  quoted 
at  length  : 

All  the  mines  have  yielded  finely  this  week.  The  George 
3.  Ives,  H.  E.  Wolf  and  the  Widow  continue  to  yield  over 
in  ounce  a  day  to  the  man.  Missoula  gulch  lacks  water,  but 
.s  recognized  as  ranking  among  the  best  paying  claims.  Lucky 

''a   of   dust.      This    week    settles   the    fact   that    Eagle 
as  rich  as  the  most  sanguine  have  predicted.     Oregon 

Everybody  in  camp  is  excited  over  quartz.  Discoveries  are 
reported  daily  that  are  too  fabulous  for  belief.  The  rich- 
ess  of  the  placers  is  universally  acknowledged  and  the  day 
f  croaking  has  passed.  Many  an  old  prospector,  however, 

..lagnificent  returns  are  assured  from  the  quartz.  Gen.  A.  P. 
Curry  has  interviewed  the  bankers  and  business  men  of  Eagle 
and  found  that  exactly  58  1-3  pounds  of  gold  dust  were 
handled  by  them  in  the  last  two  weeks.  This  is  doubtless 

o  keep  the  dust  themselves. 

Buckskin  gulch  has  given  the  camp  the  principal  excite- 
nent  of  the  past  week.    Hundreds  of  men  have  flocked  thither 
ery  unusual  spectacle  of  men  picking  gold  from 


what  they  witnessed.     Robert  Williams, ~  David  Bryant,  John 
F.  Hennessy  and   Frank   Barnes  own  claim  No.  3  and  upon 

)ck  averaged  $5  to  the  pan.     One  nugget   weighed  $45. 

of  Buckskin  finding  ounce  diggings  in  the  gravel. 

Two  cleanups  on  the  Widow  this  week  netted  60  ounces 
d  8  pennyweights  and  88  ounces  respectively.  Work  has 
en  commenced  on  a  ditch  to  be  taken  from  Alder  creek. 


This  ditch  will  be  two  and  one-half  miles  long  and  greatly 
increase  the  production  of  the  Widow.  From  the  Webfoot, 
Gen.  A.  P.  Curry  washed  $21.50  from  one  pan  of  dirt  selected 
at  random.  The  total  yield  of  the  Webfoot  thus  far  has  been 
71  pounds  or  $10,052.65. 


L     Robert: 


da, 


Fa 


worked  by  a  force  of  eight  men.  Fancy  gulch  is  a  tributary 
above °Eagle.  The  gold  is  identical  in  appearance  with  that 

close  together  and  flow  in  opposite  directions.  The  Robert- 
son claim  is  known  as  No.  6,  being  the  sixth  from  the  mouth. 
J.  M.  Robinson  has  No.  3,  but  has  not  yet  opened  it.  A.  J. 
Prichard  located  claim  No.  I  in  Fancy  gulch,  Captain  James 


is  the  Golden  Chief.  It  crosses  Fancy  gulch  at  right  angles 
and  dips  to  the  westward  at  an  angle  of  about  35  degrees. 

Messrs.  Porter  &  Henderson  are  the  present  owners  of 
the  mine.  It  contains  free  gold  in  paying  quantities  and 

out  to  a  height  of  ten  or  twelve  feet  on  one  side  of  the  gulch, 
and  is  from  eight  to  forty  feet  wide.  It  can  be  traced  read- 
ily for  1,500  feet.  J.  B.  Stevens  owns  the  southern  ex- 
tension and  C.  R.  Teems,  the  northern. 

The  New  Comstock,  owned  by  the  Homestake  Corn- 
suits!  1ThTs°mine?  is°in  thT'side' of  ^he  mountain  'bdcVEagie 
and  can  be  seen  from  portions  of  the  town. 

Eagle  "crLk'Vboiu  a  nSe^bove^ovvn^Ir^in^B.  ^opkins,"  J° 
M.  VanHoose,  George  Oswalt,  George  Wortman,  J.  J.  John- 
son, Henry  Moots  and  Patrick  Sullivan  own  seven  2O-acre 
claims  in  Ruby.  They  have  been  working  for  about  eight 
weeks.  They  are  digging  through  wash  gravel  and  have  got 
fair  prospects  from  the  surface  down. 

Dr.  H.  R.  Littlefield,  T.  M.  Pugh,  M.  C.  Rudder  and  J. 

The  Butte  Company  is  working  on  bedrock  and  taking 
out  good  pay.  Patrick  Flynn,  the  gentlemanly  superintendent, 
did  not  wish  the  exact  cleanups  stated,  but  assured  a  Nugget 

Chance  is  operating  a  set  of  sluice  boxes  only  a  few  yards 
from  the  sluices  of  the  Butte  Company.  No  other  claims  are 
being  worked  so  far  up  Prichard  creek. 

Prospecting  parties  were  very  aggressive  through- 
out the  entire  year.  Encouraged,  it  is  said,  by  Mr. 
Prichard,  a  number  of  men  visited  Canyon  creek  in 
April,  1884,  found  what  they  considered  prospects 
and  staked  out  claims.  Nine-Mile  was  also  prospect- 
ed and  staked  and  quite  a  rush  to  these  canyons  and 
to  Nigger  prairie  was  incited.  It  is  stated  that  some 
of  the  early  placer  prospectors  filed  claims  covering 
the  very  ground  upon  which  the  now  famous  silver- 
lead  mines  were  later  discovered,  but  they  were  look- 
ing for  placer  gold,  and  were,  perhaps,  without  much 
skill  in  their  business,  so  failed  to  see  the  riches  that 
lay  before  their  eyes. 

It  was  stated  that  by  the  middle  of  August  two 
thousand  locations  of  placer  mining  ground,  einbrac- 


recorcled  on  the  books  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district 
alone,  and  it  was  only  one  of  five  districts  then  in 
existence,  the  other  four  being  Summit,  Beaver,  Evo- 
lution and  Eagle.  Of  course  the  usual  excitement 
and  stampeding  attended  this  activity,  and  the  popu- 
lation showed  itself  true  to  the  usual  instincts  of  a 
mining  class  in  flocking  en  masse  to  each  point  where 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  find  was  made  or  reported.  Several  discoveries  of 
real  merit  were  made  this  year  in  the  now  famous 
silver-lead  belt  of  the  south  fork  country,  but  of  these 
more  anon. 

The  Coeur  d'Alenes  fortunately  did  not  experience 
any  such  reign  of  outlaws  and  desperadoes  as  did 
Oro  Fino  and  Florence  placer  districts,  but  there  was 
some  bloodshed  during  the  early  days.  The  first 
homicide  of  the  region  was  committed  in  April,  1884, 
by  T.  F.  Richards,  who  shot  and  killed  Walter  Mc- 
Donald. The  deed  was  held  justifiable  by  the  coro- 
ner's jury,  as  the  killing  was  plainly  in  self-defense. 

The  second,  of  which  record  has  been  found,  was 
the  shooting  of  Thomas  Steele  by  D.  S.  Ferguson. 
From  the  testimony  adduced  by  the  coroner's  inquest 
it  appears  that  Steele  was  ill-treating  a  drunken 
cyprian  and  that  Ferguson  interfered  in  her  behalf, 
whereupon  Steele  drew  a  revolver  and  struck  him  a 
violent  blow  over  the  head.  He  then  stepped  back  a 
few  paces  and  fired  at  Ferguson,  but  missed  his  mark. 
Ferguson  then  shot  him.  inflicting  a  mortal  wound. 

A  homicide  which  attracted  wide  attention  and 
roused  the  community  to  a  high  pitch  of  excitement 
was  the  killing  of  John  Enright  by  Henry  Bernard, 
July  2,  1884.  The  victim  was  a  compositor  in  the 
office  of  the  Pioneer,  of  which  paper  Bernard  was 
editor.  It  appeared  from  the  testimony  at  the  pre- 
liminary hearing  that  Enright  had  been  discharged 
and  paid  the  afternoon  of  the  homicide ;  that  he  came 
to  the  office  for  his  blankets,  but  instead  of  taking 
them  and  going  quietly  about  his  business  kept  com- 
plaining to  Bernard  of  the  shabby  treatment  which 
he  claimed  had  been  given  him.  Bernard  told  him  to 
go  two  or  three  times,  but  he  still  hung  around  the 
office.  Finally  Bernard  drew  a  revolver  and  pointed 
it  at  him,  telling  him  he  must  leave  or  get  hurt.  En- 
right  received  the  threats  in  a  jocular  manner,  and 
soon  the  fatal  shot  was  fired. 

By  change  of  venue  Bernard  was  tried  at  Lewis- 
ton  in  September.  The  jury  found  him  guilty  of  man- 
slaughter ;  Judge  Buck  sentenced  him  to  eight  years' 
imprisonment,  and  he  was  confined  in  the  state  peni- 
tentiary for  a  time,  but  was  eventually  pardoned  by 
Governor  Shoup. 

Ever  since  the  first  settlement  of  northern  Sho- 
shone  county  a  natural  desire  had  existed  among  the 
people  to  have  the  county  seat  nearer  than  Pierce 
City.  There  was  some  talk  of  dividing  the  county, 
and  giving  the  southern  portion  to  Nez  Perces  county, 
but  objection  to  this  was  made  by  the  few  residents 
still  in  Pierce  and  on  Weippe  prairie.  One  hundred 
and  eighty  thousand  acres  had  just  been  surveyed; 
of  this  one  hundred  thousand  was  thought  to  be  good 
farming  land  and  it  was  felt  that  such  a  rich  section  of 
country  could  not  long,  remain  unsettled.  The  resi- 
dents hoped  that  as  soon  as  it  became  peopled  they 
might  have  a  more  convenient  county  government  than 
Nez  Perces  could  furnish.  The  matter  was  finally 
compromised  by  the  passage,  in  the  legislature  of 
1884-5,  of  a  bill  providing  for  the  removal  of  the 
county  seat  temporarily  to  Murray  and  for  a  special 
election  to  be  held  in  Shoshone  county  the  first  Mon- 


day in  June.  1885,  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  a  coun- 
ty seat.  The  bill  was  signed  by  the  governor  just 
before  Christmas,  1884.  » 

At  the  specia)  election  held  pursuant  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  the  vote  was  as  follows :  Summit 
precinct — Murray,  636,  Delta,  31 ;  Beaver  precinct — 
Murray  25,  Delta  264;  Littlefield  precinct— Murray 
70,  Delta  14  ;  Myrtle  precinct — Murray  100,  Delta  77 ; 
Mullan  precinct — Murray  121,  Delta  2;  Canyon  Creek 
precinct — Murray  19,  Delta  5;  Kingston  precinct — 
Murray  7,  Delta  39;  Coeur  d'Alene  precinct— M  urray 
42,  Delta  I ;  Ellensburg  precinct — Murray  53,  Delta 
3;  Big  Jam  precinct — Murray  I,  Delta  6;  Pierce  pre- 
cinct— Murray  I,  Delta  15;  Murray's  total,  1,075; 
Delta's,  457.  Add  to  these  two  votes  cast  for  T 
(the  former  name  of  Delta),  two  for  Eagle  ar 
for  Littlefieid,  and  we  have  a  total  vote  in  the  county 
of  1,537- 

A  comparatively  few  persons,  perhaps  4,000,  spent 
the  cold  winter  of  1884-5  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  One 
rather  amusing  incident,  illustrative  of  the  character 
of  a  mining  people,  occurred  on  New  Year's  day, 
when  about  fifty  men  concluded  they  had  urgent  bus* 
ness  at  the  head  of  Eagle  creek.  What  caused  the 
stampede  none  seemed  to  know  definitely,  but  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  the  thermometer's  finger 
was  down  below  the  zero  mark  and  playing  around  the 
figure  twenty-five,  the  miners  trudged  through  two 
feet  of  snow  for  fifteen  miles  to  locate  claims  on  land 
they  could  not  see,  much  less  prospect.  Claims  were 
staked  on  the  main  stream  and  on  the  various  tribu- 
taries and  the  adventurers,  having  peacefully  accom- 
plished the  object  of  their  mission,  returned  to  Murray. 

As  the  season  advanced  the  camp  took  on  an  air 
of  activity  and  progress.  A  correspondent  of  the 
Lewiston  Teller,  writing  under  date  March  5,  1885, 
speaks  of  the  great  confidence  manifested  in  the  dis- 
trict by  almost  all  the  miners,  and  states  that  he  count- 
ed eleven  buildings  under  construction  in  Myrtle, 
some  of  them  large  ones,  that  there  was  a  steady  rush 
to  the  bars  of  Beaver  creek  and  Beaver  City  was  en- 
joying a  healthy  boom  in  consequence.  "Murray," 
he  said,  "is  fast  building  up  and  assuming  the  air 
of  a  mining  metropolis,  and  property  here  has  a  value 
outside  of  what  is  justified  by  present  appearances. 
Real  estate  changes  hands  daily  and  business  pros- 
pects are  bright.  Two  shingle  mills  are  the  latest 
improvements  and  parties  are  daily  in  search  of  busi- 
ness locations.  There  are  twelve  stores  where  goods 
of  all  kinds  can  be  procured,  three  drug  stores,  several 

In  the  south  fork  country  there  was  also  consid- 
erable activity.  Only  four  men  wintered  on  Niggei 
prairie,  but  by  April  1st  twenty-three  were  there  and 
a  new  town  known  as  McFarland  had  been  laid  out. 
In  a  short  time  McFarland  had  a  rival  half  a  mile 
distant,  named  Mullan  from  the  man  who  constructed 
the  military  road  through  the  country.  The  occasio 
for  the  platting  of  these  towns  was  the  discovery  of  the  \ 
Hunter.  Evening,  Morning  and  other  mines. 

While  the  year  1885  was  one  of  great  development 
in  the  gold  belt  and  much  mining  was  done  by  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


primitive  methods  in  vogue  during  the  earliest  days 
of  the  placer  fields,  yet  it  is  plainly  evident  that  the 
district  was  in  a  state  cf  transition  from  primitive 
mining  to  more  advanced  methods.  Even  in  the 
creek  bottoms,  where  the  gold  could  be  most  easily 
secured,  many  of  the  miners  spent  the  early  spring 
months  in  preliminary  work,  rather  than  in  direct 
production,  and  considerable,  was  this  year  in- 
vested in  ditches  and  other  essentials  of  hydraulic 
mining.  The  Coeur  d'Alene  Water  &  Supply  Com- 
pany was  busy  constructing  what,  in  its  inception,  had 
been  known  as  the  Coulter  canal,  intended  to  furnish 
water  for  the  supply  of  Murray  and  for  the  working 
of  hillside  claims,  also  to  float  to  points  where  needed 
along  its  course  mining  timbers,  lumber,  fuel,  etc. 
In  October  there  were  285  men  at  work  on  the  bed 
rock  flume  at  Eagle,  an  enterprise  which  was  claimed 
to  be  the  most  gigantic  ever  undertaken  in  the  history 
of  placer  mining  up  to  that  date.  According  to  con- 
tract with  miners,  the  Bedrock  Pool,  which  was  con- 
structing it,  was  obligated  to  put  in  a  bedrock  flume 
from  the  north  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  at  a 
point  below  the  mouth  of  Eagle  creek,  along  said 
Eagle  creek  to  its  confluence  with  Prichard  creek; 
thence  along  said  Prichard  creek  to  the  mouth  of 
Butte  creek,  the  excavation  to  be  sixteen  feet  wide 
at  the  bottom. 

By  November  the  last  pipe  on  the  Beaver  and 
Potosi  ditch  was  put  in  place,  completing  an  aque- 
duct from  the  head  of  Beaver  creek  to  American  gulch, 
distance  thirteen  miles.  Across  Pony  gulch  1,584 
feet  of  twenty-inch  piping  were  laid.  The  mass  of 
heavy  iron  was  put  in  place  by  the  aid  of  water  power 
so  applied  as  to  haul  the  large  pipes  up  the  mountain 
side  to  the  places  where  needed.  It  was  planned  to 
continue  the  ditch  to  Placer  and  Trail  gulches  and 
beyond.  The  same  company  also  constructed  a  small- 
er ditch  from  Beaver  creek,  below  Carbon,  to  Potosi 
gulch. 

But  while  these  larger  enterprises  were  being 
pushed  with  vigor,  the  miner  who  for  lack  of  capital 
must  content  himself  with  smaller  things  was  busily 
at  \tork.  That  his  labor  did  not  in  all  cases  go  un- 
rewarded is  illustrated  by  the  day  book  of  the  Myrtle 
Mining  Company,  consisting  of  Pat.  Mahoney,  James 
Osborn,  Mike  Conners,  Dick  Buckingham  and  Dave 
Alvord.  These  men,  with  five  or  six  employees  work- 
ing with  wheel  barrows  on  a  claim  a  mile  above  Delta, 
are  shown  by  their  day  book  to  have  made  the  follow- 
ing clean-ups :  March  24  to  28,  inclusive,  1885,  $495  ; 
March  30  to  April  4,  $1,621.50  (this  clean-up  included 
one  nugget  worth  $165)  ;  April  7-11,  $1,054.50;  April 
14-18,  $689.50;  Apru2i-25,  $1,158;  April  27-May 
2,  $1,188:  May  9,  clean-up,  $1,010;  May  11-16, 
$1,690.50;  May  19-23,  $1,700.15;  May  26-30, '$905. 50; 
June  2-6.  $585.50;  June  8-13,  $865.25;  June  18-20, 
$935  •  June  22-27,  $2,595  :  June  30- July  4,  $2,282  ;  July 
6-1 1,  $2,040;  July  13-18,  $1,916.50;  July  21-25,  $803; 
July  27- August  i,  $935  ;  August  3-4,  $168;  August  29- 
.September  4.  $553.50;  September  5-12,  $561 ;  Septem- 
.ber  14-20,  $2,878;  September  21-27,  $3,891;  Septem- 
ber 28-October  4,  $4,131.50;  October  5-11,  $2,167; 


October  12-18,  $1,385;  October  19-25,  $1,826.50;  Oc- 
tober 26-November  i,  $2,814;  November  3-8, 
$1,896.50;  November  9-15,  $1,638.50;  Novemfber  16- 
22,  $1,030;  November  24-29,  $1,549.50;  December  i- 
6,  $1,131;  December  7-11,  $707.  One  nugget  worth 
$300  was  taken  out  of  this  claim. 

More  important,  however,  as  subsequent  events 
proved,  than  all  other  developments  of  the  year  1885 
was  that  of  the  silver-lead  properties  of  the  south 
fork.  These  were  found  to  produce  from  the  surface, 
and  such  large  bodies  of  ore  were  uncovered  by  the 
small  developments  resulting  from  a  few  months  of 
effort  that  the  eyes  of  capital  were  already  turned  in 
their  direction  and  railway  magnates  began  looking 
toward  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  as  a  promising  field  for 
future  operations. 

One  entering  the  country  from  the  west  in  the  fall 
of  1885  with  an  intention  of  examining  these  proper- 
ties would  doubtless  first  pass  up  Milo  creek  and  visit 
the  Bunker  Hill  mine.  This  was  the  first  claim  dis- 
covered in  the  district.  It  was  found  in  the  late  sum- 
mer of  1885  by  N.  S.  Kellogg  and  Phil.  O'Rourke. 
The  location  was  filed  by  O'Rourke  September  10, 
1885.  By  November  developers  starting  from  the 
discovery  cut  had  reached  one  wall  fifty-two  feet  to  the 
south,  but  the  north  wall  of  the  vein  had  not  yet  been 
found.  On  the  same  ledge  with  this  mine  was  the 
Jackass,  with  a  thirty- foot  tunnel.  Further  down 
the  creek  on  the  third  parallel  vein  of  the  system  was 
the  Omaha,  located  September  18,  1885,  by  Frank 
McElroy  and  Mike  McHale,  and  the  Buckeye,  an  ex- 
tension of  the  Lackawanna,  located  by  the  same  indi- 
viduals. Besides  these  were  the  Stemwinder,  located 
by  F.  R.  Devine,  J.  P.  Smith  and  C.  E.  Tyler,  and  the 
Tyler,  located  by  the  same  persons  on  the  same  vein. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  canyon  from  the  Bunker 
Hill  was  the  Sullivan,  located  October  2,  1885,  by 
Con.  Sullivan  and  Jacob  Goetz,  better  known  as 
"Dutch  Jake."  It  was  being  opened  at  the  time  of 
which  we  are  writing,  and  a  vein  28  feet  6  inches 
from  wall  to  wall  had  been  uncovered.  The  luka,  an 
eastern  extension  of  the  Sullivan,  had  been  taken  by 
J.  M.  Pannel  and  Albert  Allen,  and  was  a  promising 
prospect.  These  were  the  principal  mines  in  what 
was  then  known  as  the  Yreka  district  in  1885.  Ken- 
tucky was  the  name  of  an  ambitious  town  in  the 
vicinity. 

Proceeding  up  the  river  six  miles  the  visitor  would 
arrive  at  Evolution,  the  oldest  mining  settlement  on 
the  river,  and  the  first  mine  to  attract  his  attention 
would  be  the  Polaris,  located  by  W.  B.  Heyburn,  Clem 
Matheson  and  others  in  May,  1884.  Half  a  mile 
south  of  this,  on  the  same  ve'in,  was  the  Edner,  dis- 
covered in  October,  1884,  and  owned  by  Brown  & 
Stringer.  Assays  of  ore  from  these  mines  were  said 
to  have  given  as  high  as  303  ounces  of  silver  and  60 

S;r  cent.  lead.      In  the  same  vicinity  were  the  Blake 
rothers,  the  Silver  Crown,  the  Badger  and  the  Gen- 
eral Grant,  all  slightly  developed. 

Between  Evolution  and  Placer  Center  (Wallace) 
were  a  large  number  of  claims,  among  them  the  Cap. 
Place,  so  named  from  its  discoverer,  Captain  Place; 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  the  George,  located  November  i,  1885,  by  Lee 
George,  who  took  a  ranch  in  the  valley  of  the  river 
near  his  claim.  Near  the  head  of  Placer  creek  were 
the  Silver  Tip,  located  by  Messrs.  McKinlay,  Holohan 
and  Arthur ;  the  Charter  Oak,  discovered  by  the  same 
persons,  and  the  Iron  King,  located  at  the  same  time 
by  the  same  individuals,  with  E.  J.  Livermore  added 
to  their  company. 

Proceeding  up  the  river  nine  miles  from  Placer 
Center,  the  visitor  of  1885  came  to  Hunter  creek, 
some  three  or  four  miles  up  which  was  the  Hunter 
mine,  the  second  claim  in  the  entire  south  fork  sys- 
tem to  be  discovered.  Tiger  being  the  first.  Its  dis- 
coverers were  J.  G.  Hunter  and  F.  A.  Moore,  Montana 
prospectors,  and  the  time  of  its  uncovering  was  May 
15,  1884.  Inside  of  eighteen  months  it  was  devel- 
oped by  a  main  tunnel  175  feet.  Its  vein  was  57  feet 
wide,  and  its  ore  was  remarkably  rich.  At  this  time 
the  mine  was  bonded  to  Franks  &  Martin  for  $50,000. 
The  Yolande  was  a  northwestern  extension  of  the 
Hunter,  located  by  the  same  men  June  3,  and  pro- 
ducing similar  ore.  The  Evening  lode,  an  extension 
of  the  Yolande,  and  belonging  to  the  same  group,  was 
discovered  bv  a  sixty-five-foot  tunnel. 

Returning  to  Placer  Center  the  visitor  "would  nat- 
urally be  impelled  to  ascend  Canyon  creek  to  the 
Tiger,  eight  miles  upstream.  This  mine  was  the  first 
silver-lead  claim  to  reward  the  search  of  the  south 
fork  prospector,  being  discovered  May  2,  1884.  John 
Carton  and  Almeda  Seymore  were  the  fortunate  min- 
eral hunters.  As  soon  as  they  had  well  opened  their 
vein  they  bonded  it  to  John  M.  Burke,  of  Murray, 
who  in  turn  bonded  it  to  S.  S.  Glidden,  of  St.  Paul, 
for  $35,000.  In  1885  the  mine  was  Mr.  Glidden's 
property,  with  Burke  and  Carton  holding  a  contingent 
interest.  It  was  at  that  time  developed  by  three  tun- 
nels, 575  feet  long  in  the  aggregate.  Eighteen  men 
were  employed  in  the  mine  at  $3.50  a  day. 

Directly  opposite  the  Tiger,  on  the  other  side  of 
Gftiyon  creek,  was  the  Lelande,  closed  in  1885  by  liti- 
gation. Up  the  creek  from  the  mines  just  described 
•was  the  Silver  Chief,  located  and  owned  by  the  Blake 
Brothers.  Between  the  Tiger  and  the  mouth  of  the 
creek,  on  different  sides  of  the  stream,  were  the  Union, 
the  Diamond  Hitch,  discovered  May  16,  1884,  by  J.  P. 
Smith,  C.  E.  Tyler,  Frank  Bell  and  John  Lennahan ; 
the  Ore-or-no-g'o,  by  Colonel  W.  R.  Wallace,  J.  M. 
Arasmith,  Oscar  B.  Wallace,  T.  H.  Doud,  J.  A.  Flute 
and  Theodore  Davis ;  the  Black  Bear,  located  May  4, 
1884,  by  John  Bartlett  and  W.  S.  Haskins,  R.  C.  Van- 
derford' buying  on  interest  later ;  the  Cape  Horn,  lo- 
cated by  same  parties  May  4,  1885;  the  Badger,  lo- 
cated May  10,  1885,  by  John  Bartlett,  E.  J.  Lee,  W. 
S.  Haskins  and  F.'  M.  Prichard ;  the  San  Francisco 
(or  Frisco),  located  May  16,  1885,  by  Charles  A. 
Pearson :  the  Gem  of  the  Mountains,  located  the  same 
day  by  R.  C.  Vanderford,  William  Gaughn,  Thomas 
Cavanaugh,  R.  M.  Howell  and  William  Barens. 

On  Nine  Mile,  which  empties  into  the  south 
fork  near  the  mouth  of  Canyon  creek,  was  the  Black 
Cloud,  located  by  Oscar  Wallace  May  7,  1884;  the 
Ohio,  located  August  29,  1885,  by  Benj.  McElroy, 


John  J.  Johnson  and  Scott  McDonald ;  the  California, 
located  by  Scott  McDonald,  John  J.  Johnson  and 
Benj.  F.  McElroy  August  24,  1885;  and  the  Contact 
and  Sweepstakes,  located  by  these  same  prospectors' 
May  7,  1884.  Between  Nine  Mile  and  Canyon  creeks 
was  the  Granite,  located  by  Bartlett  &  Vanderford  July 
13,  1885,  and  there  were  several  prospects  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  Placer  Center. 

From  the  foregoing-  review  of  silver-lead  discover- 
ies on  the  south  fork  it  will  be  seen  that  nearly  all 
the  mines  which  have  since  made  the  Coeur  d'Alei 
country  famous  the  world  over  were  discovered  and 
were  being  developed  in  1884  and  1885,  the  years'  of 
greatest  excitement,  if  not  of  greatest  activity,  in  the 
gold  belt  of  the  north  fork. 

Some  other  improvements  brought  by  the  busy 
season  of  1885  must  now  be  mentioned.  During  the 
session  of  the  Montana  legislature  that  body  empow- 
ered Missoula  county  to  levy  a  special  tax  of  two 
mills  for  the  purpose  of  building  a  road  from  Thomp- 
son Falls  to  the  Idaho  line.  In  March  the  Missoula 
commissioners  visited  Murray  to  confer  with  the  Sho- 
shone  county  board,  and  the  result  of  their  conference 
was  that  a  highway  connecting  the  two  territories  w 
constructed.  This  road  is  today  the  only  one  for 
wagons  over  the  Bitter  Roots  to  Montana  from  this 

A  new  road  from  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  to  Murray 
was  likewise  completed  in  1885,  and  on  July  28th  the 
first  stage  made  a  trip  over  it.-  Thereafter  the  mini 
district  had  stage  connections  with  Spokane  Falls. 
The  same  morning  the  first  train  of  freight  wagons 
came  into  Murray.  It  consisted  of  two  four-mule 
teams  and  two  vehicles,  and  belonged  to  T.  S.  Smith. 
The  first  stage  from  Thompson  Falls  came  into  Mur- 
ray November  16,  1885,  and  the  line  from  the  east 
with  the  one  from  the  west  made  the  isolation  of  the 

The  one  great  tragedy  of  1885  in  Shoshone  county 
occurred  at  Pierce  City 'in  September.      On  the  lOth  1 
of  that  month  at  an  early  hour  the  body  of  the  well    ; 
known  and  respected  old  pioneer,  David  M.  Fraser, 
was  found  in  the  deceased's  own  store,  literally  hacked 
to  pieces  with  axes,  hatchets  and  knives.      A  bullet, 
also,  had  entered  the  mouth  and  passed  out  through  the 
side  of  the  neck.     An  old  county  safe  had  been  bat- 
tered and  the  lock  broken,  but  Mr.  Eraser's  own  safe  i 
was   untouched,  as  was  all  the  rest  of  his  property. 
The  body  was  taken  to  Lewiston  for  interment.    After  j 
its  arrival  there  twenty  or  twenty-five  citizens  left  for  I 
the  scene  to  endeavor  to  find  a  clue  to  the  murderers 
and  these  were  joined  by  about  fifteen  from  Camas  £ 
prairie.     Upon  their  arrival  they  surrounded  the  town, 
sending  in  a   small   posse   to   learn  of  the  situation. 
It  was  found  that  'the  few  white  men  in  camp  had  ar-  ' 
rested  eight  Chinamen  on  a  charge  of  complicity  in 
the  crime,  including  two  Chinese  merchants  of  Pierce. 
A  preliminary  hearing  had  been  given  them  and  five 
were  held  for  trial,  the  others  being  discharged.      It 
developed    that    the    crime    had    been    committed    for 
the  purpose  of  ridding  the  town  of  the  only  white 
merchant,  that  the  Chinamen  might  have  a  monopoly. 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  business,  also  thai  the  Mongolians  were  angry  at 
Fraser  for  taking  the  part  of  Indians  against  them 
when  they  had  paid  the  red  men  in  bogus  gold  dust. 

It  is  said  that  the  evidence  upon  which  the  citi- 
zens held  the  Chinamen  was  obtained  by  disguising  as 
1  an  Indian  a  young  man  named  Sears,  who  could 
speak  Chinese.  Sears  stole  up  to  the  courthouse  jail 
and  heard  the  eight  Chinamen  incarcerated  there  dis- 
cussing the  crime  and  what  were  best  to  do  to  escape 
punishment. 

After  the  departure  of  the  Lewiston  and  Camas 
prairie  people  the  few  white  men  left  began  asking 

:  another  what  was  to  be  done  with  the  accused 
Chinamen.  It  being  evidently  impossible  to  guard 


them  in  Pierce  until  next  term  of  the  district  court, 
the  whites  decided  to  take  them  to  Murray.  Seven 
men,  one  of  whom  was  the  deputy  sheriff,  started 
with  the  prisoners.  When  they  were  about  four  miles 
out  they  were  met  by  a  mob,  only  one  member  of 
which  was  masked.  The  mob  overpowered  the  guard, 
seized  the  Chinamen  and,  notwithstanding  the  fervent 
pleadings  of  the  wretched  Mongolians,  hanged  them 
to  a  pole  between  two  trees.  No  punishment  was  ever 
meted  out  to  the  lynchers,  although  the  matter  was 
officially  investigated  by  Secretary  of  State  Bayard 
in  July,  1886,  for  the  purpose  of  satisfying  the  Chinese 
government. 


CHAPTER   II. 


CURRENT    HISTORY— 1886-1892. 


The  initial  month  of  the  year  1886  was  marked  in 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  by  the  first  fatal  snow- 
lide  in  the  region.  Willow  creek,  a  tributary  of  the 
outh  fork,  was  the  scene,  and  Andy  P.  Richards  and 
Simon  Christenson  the  victims.  At  the  time  the  slide 
took  place  the  men  were  doing  some  work  on  the 
Elder  mine,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  divide  in  Mon- 
tana. As  the  entire  region  had  been  burned  over 
'the  summer  previous,  there  was  nothing  to  hold  the 
>w  on  the  steep  mountain  side.  The  bodies  were 
found  January  2;th  by  I.  C.  Sargent  and  W.  S.  Har- 
who  lived  near  the  scene.  Harris  started  at  once 
for  aid,  but  before  he  could  return  with  reinforcements 
from  the  Hunter  the  bodies  were  buried  deep  under 
another  snow  slide,  so  deep  that  they  could  not  be 
exhumed  without  danger,  so  they  were  left  in  their 
sepulchre  of  snow  for  the  time  being. 

In  April  of  this  year  an  important  move  was  made 
ward  giving  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  railroad 
facilities  by  the  organizations  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
Railway  and  Navigation  Company.  D.  C.  Corbin, 
Gov.  S.  T.  Hauser,  A.  M.  Holter,  S.  S.  Glidden, 
James  F.  Wardner,  James  Monaghan  and  A.  M.  Esler 
were  the  incorporators  and  their  object  was  to  estab- 
lish a  railway  connecting  some  point  on  the  main  line 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  with  Coeur  d'Alene 
lake,  and  a  line  of  steamers  to  operate  between  the 
ailway  and  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  river. 

As  the  season  advanced  considerable  railway  activ- 
:y  developed,  three  companies  being  in  the  field  and 
naking  preparations  to  build,  all  of  them  apparently 
n  earnest.  The  Coeur  d'Alene  Railway  &  Naviga- 
tion Company,  with  D.  C.  Corbin  at  its  head,  was  ad- 
vertising for  bids  for  clearing  the  right  of  way  and 
for  ties ;  another  company,  with  Armstrong,  Turner 


and  other  heavy  capitalists  of  Montana,  was  pushing 
preparations,  though  its  line  had  not  yet  been  definitely 
located ;  and  the  third,  the  Spokane  &  Coeur  d'Alene 
branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  was  purpos- 
ing to  build,  if  practicable,  a  road  to  leave  the  main 
railway  at  the  Idaho  line.  Its  engineers  were  in  the 
field  in  search  of  a  route.  J.  J.  Browne,  of  Spokane, 
was  president  of  the  company  in  charge  of  this  work. 

Later  in  the  year  the  O.  R.  &  N.  entered  the  field 
with  its  engineers,  making  a  preliminary  survey  from 
Farmington  to  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Joe  river,  and 
on  to  the  Montana  line.  The  survey  was  stopped  in 
November  by  the  authorities  in  Washington,  D.  C., 
who  objected  to  further  work  on  the  Indian  reserva- 
tion until  permission  should  be  officially  obtained. 

Operations  were  pushed  by  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
Railroad  &  Navigation  Company  with  unusual  energy 
and  before  the  end  of  the  year  1886  a  road  was  com- 
pleted between  Hauser,  a  point  on  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific about  midway  between  Rathdrum  and  the  Idaho 
line,  and  Kingston.  On  November  gth  the  road  from 
Hauser  Junction  and  Coeur  d'Alene  City  was  turned 
over  to  the  operators.  Unfortunately,  however,  the 
road  did  not  prove  a  success  at  first,  as  appears  from 
the  following  item  from  the  Murray  Sun  of  December 
24,  1886: 

"We  sincerely  regret  to  learn  that  communication 
has  not  yet  been  opened  up  on  the  Mission-Wardner 
railroad, 'and  that  the  prospects  are  slim  for  the  early 
running  of  trains  over  this  road.  It  seems  that  much 
of  the"  iron  was  laid  during  the  first  cold  snap  in 
November.  At  the  time  the  embankment  was  frozen 
and  looked  solid  enough.  Later  the  Chinooks  came, 
and  they  have  literally  melted  away  much  of  the  road 
bed,  the  black  loam  "soil,  without  gravel  for  ballast, 


996 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


readily  yielding.  The  road,  such  as  it  is,  is  ironed  to 
-Milo,  but  as  it  stands  is  useless.  One  engine  is  on 
the  track  between  Pine  flat  and  Mud  prairie  and  an- 
other between  Kingston  and  the  mission,  unable  to 
move.  Freighting  is  being  done  by  team  and  travel 
by  cayuse.  The  predicament  is  an  unfortunate  one." 

However,  all  such  misfortunes,  when  they  come  to 
an  aggressive  company,  are  temporary,  and  in  a  short 
time  the  road  was  ballasted  and  in  operation.  The 
untenantecl  wilderness  of  forest,  the  complex  labyrinth 
of  mountain  solitudes  had  been  penetrated,  three  short 
years  after  the  first  great  rush  of  prospectors,  by  the 
mighty  arteries  of  the  world's  commerce. 

May,  1886,  witnessed  the  completion  of  a  tele- 
phone system  between  Thompson  Falls,  Montana,  and 
Murray'  It  was  ready  for  use  at  6  o'clock  on  the 
evening  of  the  24th,  and  shortly  after  S.  Fuller  sent 
the  first  message,  a  private  one.  Later  the  same  year 
a  telephone  line  was  put  in  between  Murray  and  Delta, 
with  the  intention  of  extending  it  to  Wardner. 

It  was  reported  in  July  that  though  excellent  clean- 
ups were  still  being  made  on  Trail  and  Beaver  creeks, 
the  center  of  interest  had  shifted  to  the  south  fork, 
that  hundreds  of  people  were  pouring  into  that  sec- 
tion and  that  commercial  enterprises  there  were  boom- 
ing. Wardner  was  receiving  much  attention,  also  the 
Pine  creek  country,  where,  it  was  reported,  a  rich 
silver-lead  strike  had  been  made.  The  original  dis- 
covery was  made  by  William  Reineger,  and  numerous 
other  prospects  were  soon  discovered  in  the  district. 

In  other  parts  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  also,  there 
was  much  mining  activity  during  1886.  The  second 
stamp  mill  in  the  district  was  put  into  operation  at 
the  Golden  King  mine,  two  miles  below  Murray,  No- 
vember 7th.  It  was  a  ten-stamp  mill  to  be  operated 
in  connection  with  three  Duncan  concentrators,  the 
first  thus  completely  equipped  in  the  region.  On 
Canyon  creek  about  fifty  men  were  engaged  in  devel- 
oping the  different  lodes,  pushing  work  vigorously. 
The  town  of  Burke  had  two  stores,  one  belonging  to 
Stephen  S.  Glidden,  the  other  to  the  Armstrong  Min- 
ing Companv.  both  of  which  were  doing  a  flourishing 
business.  There  was  one  saloon,  that  of  Dick  Wilmer. 
The  Tiger,  Union,  Black  Bear.  Diamond  Hitch  and 
Hidden  Treasure  were  the  leading  properties  at  that 
time.  In  the  Mullan  district  several  of  the  largest 
properties,  including  the  Hunter,  the  Morning  and  the 
Evening-,  were  bonded  to  capitalists,  who  were  devel- 
oping them  Steadily,  though  the  attention  of  many  of 
the  holders  of  undeveloped  prospects  had  been  dis- 
tracted by  the  Wardner  mines.  It  is  stated  that  the 
first  out-and-out,  bona  fide  sale  of  a  property  for  a 
considerable  sum  was  effected  this  year,  though  of 
course  many  mines  had  been  bonded.  This  was  the 
transfer  of  the  Sunset  mine,  near  Carbon,  from  Phil, 
Markson  to  J.  K.  and  W.  A.  Clark,  Oliver  Durrant 
and  Alexander  H.  Tarbet  for  $17,500. 

The  greatest  sensation  of  1886  was  the  trouble  over 
the  Eureka  mine,  the  details  of  which  were  given  in 
the  Murray  Sun  of  October  loth,  as  follows : 

The  trouble  with  the  Crown  Point  or  Eureka  mine  in 
Government  gulch  on  the  south  fork  culminated  yesterday 


morning  in  a  bloody  conflict  in  which  Jack  McCauley  was 
killed  and  A.  R.  Campbell  seriously  wounded.  The  facts  of 
the  trouble  are  related  by  Bill  Payne  as  follows :  It  appears 
that  Pat  Flynn  and  party  obtained  possession  of  the  prop- 
erty last  Wednesday,  but  in  what  manner  is  unknown  a 


yesterday  morning  and  were  on  guard.  Early  yes- 
terday morning  these  four  men  were  on  the  alert  at  the  mouth 
of 'the  tunnel.  Pat  Flynn  is  said  to  have  declared  he  saw 
some  one  moving  in  the  thick  mist  up  the  mountain  side  ; 
Jack  McCauley,  with  his  revolver  strapped  to  his  s 
climbed  the  steep  hillside  to  see  who  it  was.  Upon  arriv 
at  the  place  indicated  he  stopped  and,  peering  about  in 
semi-darkness  evidently  discovering  no  one,  turned  as  though 


was  going  on,  and  consisting  of  Bill  Payne,. 
and  Con.  Sullivan,  headed  by  Deputy  Sheriff  Joe 
.     Payne  went  up  the  hill  to  the 


Jack  Cur  . 

Campbell  rode  up  to  the  . 

far  fronTwhere  ^cCaufey^fSrhe  found6  a'^at*  and  T  gun, 
which  were  sub-cqm-mly  di-covered  to  belong  to  A.  R.  Camp- 
bell. formerly  of  Campbell  &  Pease,  of  Murray,  who  vras. 
found  at  a  cabin  on  the  road  seriously  wounded  in  the  left 
shoulder.  He  admitted  being  in  the  fight. 

A    coroner's    jury    rendered    a    verdict    that    Mc- 
Cauley came  to  his  death  at  the  hands  of  a  party  c 
parties    unknown.      Shortly    after    the    verdict     Pat 
Flynn  swore  out  a  complaint  against  L.  F.  Robinson, 
J.'C.   Caldwell,  Joseph   Holly,  A.   R.   Campbell,  A.  1 
Small  and  an  old  man  named  Fisher,  charging  them 
with  doing  the  killing.     The  affair  stirred  up  a  serious. 
factional  row  on  the  south  fork. 

That  fall  a  grand  jury  indicted  J.  C.  Caldwell,  Pat  ' 
Flynn,  Joseph  Skeffington  and  six  others  on  a  charge 
of  conspiracy,  the  offense,  it  was  alleged,  being  com-  \ 
mitted  in   connection   with   the   Crown   Point-Eureka 
mine  trouble,  but  there  was  failure  at  the  subsequent 
trial  to  convict  any  of  the  accused. 

The  wondrous  'developments  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenel 
country  were  certainly  not  wrought  without  great  ex-  | 
pense.      Though   Shoshone  county  was  virtually  but  -j 
three  years  old,  it  was  already  in  debt,  including  inter- 
est,  something    like    $155,000.      Three-fifths  of  thisl 
amount,  it  was  estimated,  had  been  expended  by  the  f 
commissioners  in  the  construction  of  roads  expressly  . 
demanded  by  the  people.      It  is  related  that  the  Delta- 
Kingston  road  cost  $100,000.      The  remaining  two-  1 
fifths  was  made  up  by  court  expenses  and  other  dis-| 
bursements  incidental   to  the  organization   of  a  new 
community   and   the   installing   of   the   machinery   of  £ 
government.      Thus  the  people  of  southern  Shosh'one,. 
who  had  borne  with  fortitude  the  burdens  of  county  J| 
government   for   so   many  years,   burdens   necessarily 
heavy  on  account  of  the  paupity  of  their  numbers,  were 
now  compelled  to  pay  between  four  and  five  per  cent.   • 
taxes  for  improvements  from  which  they  could  derive 
but   little   benefit.       The   only   noticeable   effect   upon 
them  was  that  their  county  seat  was  removed   from 
their   midst   to   the   distant   town   of   Murray,   which 
could  be  reached  bythem  only  after  long  and  arduous 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


997 


travel.  It  is  not  surprising  that  these  people  be- 
came dissatisfied  with  their  political  affiliations  and  be- 
gan agitating  for  a  change.  By  this  time  the  popula- 
tion of  southern  Shoshone  had  grown  to  perhaps  300 
or  400.  They  thought  that,  few  though  they  still 
were,  they  would  rather  form  an  independent  county 
than  put  up  with  existing  conditions,  so  they  began 
circulating  petitions  for  a  new  county  to  include  all 
of  Shoshone  south  of  the  north  fork  of  the  Clearwater. 
The  movement  was  not  successful,  nor  has  any  such 
movement  since  been. 

Unusually  heavy  snow  storms  in  the  early  months 
$f  1887  brought  some  inconvenience  and  occasioned  a 
snow  slide  at  Wardner  which  threatened  the  lives  oi 
several  people,  but  the  opening  of  the  year  was  a  most 
propitious  one,  notwithstanding.  In  April  there  was 
effected  a  sale  of  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  mines, 
the  Sancho,  Important  and  Bunker  Hill  fractions, 
with  the  concentrator  and  a  contract  with  A.  M.  Esler 
&  Company,  the  price  being  $1,500,000.  Of  this 
Cooper  &  Peck  received  $75,000,  in  consideration  of 
their  dropping  their  suit  for  an  interest.  S.  G.  Reed, 
of  Portland,  was  the  purchaser.  Naturally  a  transfer 
of  such  magnitude  attracted  not  a  little  attention  with- 
in and  without  the  mining  district,  those  within  looking 
upon  it  as  an  evidence  of  faith  in  the  camp  and  a 
favorable  portent  for  its  future. 

In  September  following  another  important  sale  was 
made,  that  of  the  Poorman  mine,  at  Burke,  to  Marcus 
Daly,  Patrick  Clark,  Ben  Kingsbury  and  others  of 
Butte  and  Helena.  The  purchase  price  was  $136,000. 
It  was  the  purpose  of  the  new  company  to  erect,  the 
following  spring,  a  new  concentrator  to  handle  the 
ore,  the  product  of  the  mine  in  the  meantime  to  be 
shipped  out  for  treatment.  Much  credit  was  accorded 
John  M.  Burke  at  the  time  for  his  zeal  in  bringing  the 
Canyon  creek  mines  to  the  front.  He,  with  Vincent 
and  Frank  Lelande,  Ed.  Benjamin.  Alexander  Caza 
and  others,  all  poor  men,  received  a  small  fortune 
each  out  of  this  sale.  The  costly  litigation  between 
.nd  the  Tiger,  which  is  situated  on  the 


thi 


.   had   been   settled  pre 


to  the   date  of   this 


The  railway  situation  continued  interesting 
•throughout  the  year  of  1887.  A  war  of  no  small 
magnitude  developed  between  the  Northern  Pacific 
and-  the  Union  Pacific,  the  two  great  companies  operat- 
ing in  the  district  under  different  local  names  or  sup- 
porting local  companies.  The  O.  R.  &  N.  Company, 
the  protege  of  the  latter  corporation,  had  been  pro- 
jecting a  line  from  Farmington  to  the  Alontana  line, 
passing  through  the  south  fork  country.  It  was  oper- 
ating through  what  was  known  as  the  Washington 
&  Idaho  Company.  The  Northern  Pacific  Company 
was  watching  the  situation  with  a  jealous  eye  on  ac- 
count of  the  coveted  Mullan  pass.  The  Coeur  d'Alene 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company,  of  which  Corbin  was 
the  leading  spirit,  but  which  was  doubtless  under  the 
protection  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Company,  already 
had  a  narrow-gauge  road  to  Wardner  Junction  and 
vas  pushing  eastward.  By  July  the  road  had  been 
attended  to  Miner's  cabin,  and  the  right  of  wav  was 


cleared  to  within  a  few  miles  of  Wallace.  The  build- 
ing of  this  road  occasioned  the  laying  out  of  a  new 
town,  first  called  Georgetown,  after  Lee  George,  one 
of  the  owners  of  the  town  site.  It  later  became  known 
by  the  pioneer  name  of  Osburn.  It  was  expected  that 
this  would  be  the  Carbon,  Delta,  Myrtle  and  Murray 

Rapidly  work  on  this  narrow-gauge  was  pushed, 
and  early  in  September  it  had  reached  Wallace,  but  the 
jubilation  which  greeted  its  entrance  into  that  town 
was  premature,  for  a  temporary  injunction  was  grant- 
ed by  the  courts  on  complaint  of  the  Washington  & 
Idaho  Railroad  Company,  tying  up  a  mile  and  a  half 
of  its  track  between  Osburn  and  Wallace.  TKis  was 
a  disastrous  coup  not  alone  for  the  railway  but  for  the 
people  of  the  south  fork,  for  the  roads  in  the  bottoms 
were  wretched :  winter  was  coming  on ;  no  ores  could 
be  shipped  out  and  enterprises  in  the  upper  mining 
country  were  suffering.  Fortunately,  on  October  2gth 
the  injunction  was  dissolved  by  Judge  Buck,  and  this 
incubus  upon  industry  was  removed. 

Another  important  effect  of  the  decision  just  re- 
ferred to  was  that  it  encouraged  vigorous  work  on 
the  Burke  branch.  The  Canyon  Creek  Railway  Com- 
pany, of  which  S.  S.  Glidden,  of  the  Tiger  mine,  was 
president,  had  been  working  on  this  short  line  since 
July,  but  as  long  as  the  Corbin  road  was  tied  up  there 
was  nothing  to  be  gained  by  its  immediate  construc- 
tion. As  soon  as  the  tie-up  was  at  an  end,  however, 
work  was  resumed  in  good  earnest,  and  on  December 
22d.  the  iron  rails  were  in  Burke.  A  rousing  celebra- 
tion was  held,  attended  by  delegations  from  all  parts 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes. 

The  events  of  this  year  rrtay  be  summarized  as 
follows :  Sale  of  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  mine  and 
effects ;  sale  of  the  Poorman  and  effects ;  railway  activ- 
ity on  the  south  fork ;  phenomenal  growth  of  Wardner, 
Wallace,  Burke  and  south  fork  mining  camps ;  placer 
outputs  begin  to  decline;  deep  interest  is  felt  all 
over  the  United  States  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines; 
two  noted  homicides. 

From  the  report  of  Governor  Stevenson  it  appears 
that  the  population  of  Shoshone  county  at  this  time  was 
8,500;  that  the  taxable  property  amounted  to  $929.680; 
that  there  were  twelve  concentrators,  quartz  mills  and 
arrastres  in  the  county ;  also  twelve  towns. 

"The  Treasure  Box  Company,  on  the  Mother  lode," 
continues  the  report,  "has  taken  out  in  six  weeks, 
with  an  arrastre,  $60,000  in  gold.  Mother's  Boy, 
Golden  Chest,  Buckeye  Boy,  Occident  and  Golden 
King,  on  the  .same  vein,  are  each  producing  daily  out- 
puts of  gold. 

"The  principal  placer  mining  gulches  are  the 
Prichard.  Trail,  Eagle,  Buckskin,  Missoiila,  Pony  and 
Day.  Besides  these  there  are  hill  diggings  which 
are  being  worked  with  great  success  by  hydraulics; 
and  a  flume  costing  $500,000  is  now  being  constructed 
to  work  these  placer  mines." 

On  January  12,  1888,  at  five  o'clock,  began  what 
was  classed  as  the  severest  storm  experienced  up  to 
that  time  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  The  wind,  which 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  disastrous,  but  it  had  sufficient  strength  to  pile 
the  snow  up  in  huge  banks  in  unsheltered  places. 
Next  day  the  wind  subsided,  then  came  a  cold  snap  of 
unprecedented  severity.  At  noon  the  temperature  in 
Murray  had  fallen  to  thirteen  degrees  below  zero;  at 
six  o'clock  it  stood  at  twenty-three  degrees;  at  mid- 
night it  had  reached  thirty-four  degrees ;  and  at  day- 
light it  was  forty  degrees.  On  the  morning  of  the 
1 5th  the  thermometer  again  registered  forty  degrees, 
and  next  morning  it  fell  to  that  point  for  the  third 
time.  A  spirit  thermometer  is  said  to  have  registered 
forty-four  degrees  on  the  morning  of  the  I5th.  Such 
weather  was  phenomenal  in  a  region,  which,  though 
elevated,  usually  enjoys  comparatively  mild  climate. 

In  March  of  this  year  the  Emma,  Last  Chance  and 
Republican  Fraction,  located  northerly  from  the 
Bunker  Hill,  near  Warclner,  were  sold  to  a  syndicate, 
of  which  A.  M.  Esler,  Charles  Sweeney  and  Frank 
Moore  were  the  leaders.  The  first  two,  it  is  said, 
were  located  on  the  same  day,  September  17,  1885, 
by  John  Flaherty,  J.  L.  Smith,  Alike  Carlin  and  John 
M.  Burke. 

In  the  mines  generally  the  year  was  a  prosperous 
one.  The  fortunate  jump  in  the  price  of  lead  in 
August  gave  a  remarkable  impetus  to  operations  in  all 
the  silver-lead  mines  and  prospects.  From  $3.75  it 
rose  to  $4.75  in  two  weeks,  and  it  retained  its  upward 
tendency  until  it  reached  $4.92^. 

According  to  reports  of  the  United  States  assay 
office  at  Boise,  Shoshone's  production  of  minerals 
from  November,  1887,  to  November,  1888,  was:  Gold, 
$350,288:  silver,  $1,327,500;  lead,  $1,794.000;  total, 
$3,471,788.  The  official  figures  showed  that  the  value 
of  minerals  produced  was  more  than  twice  as  great  as 
that  of  Lemhi  county,  the  next  in  rank  among  the 
political  sub-divisions  of  Idaho.  Lemhi,  Boise  and 
Alturas  counties  were  ahead  in  the  production  of 
gold ;  Ouster  was  next  below  in  silver,  with  a  produc- 
tion of  $1.061,300 ;  and  Lemhi  was  next  in  lead,  with  a 
record  of  $700,000. 

The  mining  situation  in  the  country  was  thus  ably 
summarized  by  the  Murray  Sun  of  January  i,  1889- 

The  year  just  closed  has  not  been  unkind  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes.  It  is  true  the  gold  belt  has  not  kept  pace  with  the 
silver-lead  section,  yet  in  the  main  it  has  made  some  progress, 
and  we  think  the  output  will  approximate  $250,000.  But  there 
has  been  no  special  advance.  The  main  enterprise  upon 
which  our  people  had  built  some  hope,  the  Prichard  creek 
bedrock  flume,  did  not  materialize,  and  so  far  -as  ,the  future 
may  be  read  by  the  present  state  of  affairs,  there  is  no  likeli- 
hood that  anything  will  be  done  in  that  line  during  the  en- 
suing year.  The  next  best  enterprise,  the  Coeur  d'Alene 

state,  and  future  prospects  are  unfavorable.  The  Idaho™?!! 
from  which  we  expected  so  much,  is  still  closed  down  and 
this  valuable  property  is  practically  a  nonentity  in  the  affairs 
of  this  camp.  The  Golden  Chest  has  contributed  slightly  to 
the  gold  output  during  the  year,  but  has  been  no  material 
agent  in  illustrating  the  quartz  possibilities  of  the  north 
side.  The  Colder.  King  mill  lias  now  something  like  a  small 

although  there  are  eight  or  ten  locations  in  the  group.  If  a 
mine  can  be  developed,  there  is  a  prospect  ahead.  The  Ophir 
hill  mines  have  been  the  backbone  of  the  north  side  during 
the  year  and  it  seems  as  if  we  have  to  depend  upon  them 


cerned.     Although  v 


of  the 


least  thirty  men  will  find  steady  employment.  The  Californi 
ditch,  with  a  flow  of  300  inches  for  about  eight  months  in 
the  year,  has  proven  one  of  Murray's  best  friends.  The  mines 
under  it  have  produced  steadily.  About  $10,000  has  been 

Mr.  Mills's  Ilumes  on  Eagle  creek  have  been  important 
to  our  material  prosperity  during  the  year  in  giving  employ- 
ment to  many  men.  The  water  flume  being  finished  to  Fancy 
gulch,  the  scene  of  placer  operations,  will  add  largely  to  our 
"dust"  product  and  it  is  also  quite  probable  that  the  bedrock 
flume,  near  the  head  of  East  Eagle  creek,  will  be  sufficiei 
advanced  by  spring  to  contribute  some  of  the  yellow  m 
and  encourage  more  extensive  work  by  Mr.  Mills.  These  e 
terprises  have  kept  Eagle  alive. 

On  Trail  and   Bear  gulches  the  march  of  progres 

than  a  rush.    The  placers  on  Trail  have  yielded  well  and 
output   in    1889   promises   to   surpass   that   of   former 
The  most  notable  improvement  in  the  district  has  been  ____ 
in  the  quartz  belt  on   Pony  gulch,  where  the  Fay  Templet 


o  locations, 
vhich   flow   : 


Should   this   mill   prove  a   success,   the   camp's 
nil  be  increased  $100,000.     Sunset  peak  belongs 

ito  the  north   fork.     Although  these  mines  are 


o  bespeak  for  them  a   "be 
lished. 

The    phenomenal    silver 

idvance   during  the  year,   < 

1    prosperity    except    the 


During  the  year  1888  postoffices  were  established 
in  Burke  and  M'ullan  and  daily  mails  to  all  the  towns   I 
except  the  latter.      Fifty  miles  of  telephone  lines  were 
built  by  the  Norman  Company,  giving  Wardner,  Wai-  I 
lace,    Mullan   and   Burke   direct   communication   with   ( 
Walla  Walla,   all   Palouse   country    towns,    Moscow,  { 
Lewiston  and  other  Idaho  points,  Fort  Spokane 


Davenport,  in  the  Big  Bend 
points,  all  through  the  Westei 
pany  with  the  entire  outside 
The  railroad  situation 
throughout  the  whole  of  i« 
year  Senator  Dolph  introdv 
Washington  &  Idaho  Rail: 


iuntry,  and  many  other  j 
Union  Telegraph  Com-  ' 
rorld. 

continued      interesting  j 
In  February  of  that  1 
•d   a   bill    granting   the 
id  Company  the  right  of 


through    the    Coeur    d'Alene    reserv; 
about  the  middle  of  May  it  became  a  law,  and  on  June  1 
1st  a  special  to  the  Oregonian  from  Farmington  an- 
nounced that  "the  first  sod  of  the  railway  to  Spokane 
Falls  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines  was  broken  this 
afternoon  by  Corey  Brothers,  contractors  at  this  point. 
The  road  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  branches  off  eastward  ', 
at  a  point  ten  miles  north  of  Farmington  and  the  con*  i 
tractors   are   now   on   the  ground   looking  over  their 
line  .for  the  purpose  of  bidding  on  the  work." 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


999 


By  July  a  large  force  of  graders  was  at  work  and 
grading  was  being  pushed,  except  through  the  reser- 
vation, where  a  gang  of  surveyors  was  engaged  in 
locating  the  road.  It  is  stated  that  the  company 
would  have  built  from  some  other  point  than  Farming- 
ton  if  the  Indians  had  not  raised  serious  objections. 
Many  difficulties  stood  in  the  way  of  the  road,  how- 
ever, the  greatest,  perhaps,  being  the  opposition  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  Company.  Under  date  of  Aug- 
ust 7,  1888,  the  Murray  Sun  commented  On  the  situa- 
tion as  follows : 

Railroad  work  is  not  progressing  very  rapidly  on  the 
South  Fork  lines.  The  Northern  Pacific,  or  Spokane  and 
Idaho,  is  said  to  be  doing  very  little  work  on  the  South  Fork, 

Fourth  of  July  canyon  to  connect  the  Mission  and  Coeur 
d'Alene  City  by  rail.  Although  the  grading  contract  on  the 
W.  &  I.  to  Mullan  is  to  be  finished  by  January  I,  1889,  it  is 
thought  to  be  impossible  to  carry  it  out  by  that  time  unless 
legal  difficulties  are  settled.  Several  hundred  men  are  tied 
up  at  Farmington  and  everywhere  along  the  route  are  small 
gangs  of  laborers  occupying  disputed  ground  on  which  they  are 
supposed  to  work.  Everywhere  along  the  route  the  pioneer's 
notice  that  he  claims  a  patent  of  ground  stares  the  railroader 
in  the  face  and  the  W.  &  I.  is,  literally  compelled  to  buy 

have  been  at  work  appraising  land  claimed  by  the  N.  P. 
have  finished  their  labor  and  handed  their  report  to  the 
court.  The  good  land  was  appraised  at  $6  and  the  poor 
land  at  $2. 

It  must   be   understood  that  nearly  all   the   land  on  the 

Coeur-  d'Alenes  is  claimed  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Company 
as  being  within  their  forty-mile  grant,  and  as  the  Northern 
Pacific  objects  to  the  W.  &  I.  crossing  its  territory,  the  court, 
according  to  the  prayer  of  the  plaintiff,  appointed  a  com- 
mittee of  appraisers  to  set  a  value  on  the  land  for  a  right  of 
way.  Since  the  appraisement  it  has  leaked  out  that  the 
Northern  Pacific  folks  claim  that  the  land  has  been  transferred 
to  the  Spokane  &  Idaho  Company,  whose  line  runs  from 
Spokane  to  Coeur  d'Alene  City,  and  that  the  W.  &  I.  will 
have  to  commence  proceedings  against  that  company  in  order 
to  obtain  relief.  It  is  alleged  that  N.  P.  engineers  surveyed 
that  company's  land  grant  here,  eighteen  months  ago,  and 
found  it  entirely  within  the  boundaries. 

These  difficulties  and  those  over  the  right  of  way 
across  the  reservation  were  finally  overcome,  and  we 
are  informed  that  in  April,  1889,  2,000  men  were  en- 
gaged in  pushing  grading  work  on  the  reservation. 
On  December  9th  it  made  its  entrance  into  Wallace, 
and  needless  to  say  it  was  received  with  great  re- 
joicing. 

Just  one  year,  and  a  few  days  later,  or  to  be  more 
specific,  on  December  22,  1890.  a  junction  was  effected 
between  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Railway  &  Navigation 
Company's  line,  which  had  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  Company,  and  the  Missoula  cut- 
off, which  it  was  then  thought  was  intended  as  the 
main  line  of  that  transcontinental  road.  This  was, 
indeed,  a  great  day  for  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  as 
it  settled  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner  the  problem, 
important  everywhere,  but  especially  so  to  a  mining 
community,  of  railway  transportation.  Indeed  the  dis- 
trict is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  speed  and  prompt- 
ness with  which  it  achieved  the  boon  which  other  com- 
munities have  sought  for  decades  without  success. 

The  phenomenal  growth  of  the  South  Fork  country 


occasioned  a  movement  for  the  removal  of  the  county 
seat  from  Murray,  which  was  then  rather  quiet,  on 
account  of  the  gradual  decline  of  placer  mining,  to 
some  point  more  nearly  central  to  the  great  body  of 
the  population.  Agitation  began  about  the  year  1888 
and  continued  throughout  the  next  twelvemonth  and 
the  next.  Several  mass  meetings  were  held  in  differ- 
ent south  fork  towns,  but  as  is  usually  the  case  in. 
such  matters  unanimity  of  opinion  or  even  an  approxi- 
mation thereto,  could  not  be  secured.  Mr.  S.  V.  W.. 
Osburn  made  a  proposition  at  one  of  these  meetings- 
that  if  the  seat  of  government  should  be  located  on 
his  land  at  the  junction  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Railway 
&  Navigation  Company's  line  with  the  Murray  wagon 
road,  he  would  build  and  rent  to  the  county  for  ten 
dollars  per  annum  a  suitable  building  for  court  house 
purposes.  Osburn  seems  to  have  been  quite  favorably 
considered  by  a  large  number  of  people  at  this  time. 

March  15,  1890,  a  bill  previously  passed  by  both 
houses  of  congress  was  signed  by  the  president,  pro- 
viding that  the  location  of  the  county  seat  of  Shoshone 
county,  Idaho  Territory,  be  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the 
legal  voters  of  said  county,  at  the  next  general  elec- 
tion. In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
a  vote  was  taken  on  the  question  in  October,  the  result 
of  which  was  that  Murray  continued  to  hold  the  hon- 
ors. The  vote  was  as  follows :  Kellogg,  3 ;  Wallace, 
706;  Osburn,  982;  Murray,  364;  Kingston,  i ;  Gem,  i. 
From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  Osburn,  the  favorite 
town,  lacked  47  votes  of  having  the  requisite  majority 
of  all  votes  cast. 

The  second  month  of  the  year  1890  was  marked 
in  northern  Shoshone  by  a  serious  disaster  at  the 
Custer  mine  on  Nine  Mile  creek.  Fortunately  a  few- 
days  previous  to  the  accident  twenty-five  of  the  forty 
men  employed  were  laid  off  work.  About  twelve  of 
the  remainder  were  at  supper  on  the  evening  of  Feb- 
ruary 3,  in  a  building  on  the  side  of  the  hill,  when  an 
avalanche  started  from  above.  It  struck  the  building 
just  high  enough  to  send  the  broken  timbers  on  the 
men  who  were  sitting  facing  the  slide,  killing  three 
almost  instantly.  Those  on  the  other  side  of  the  table, 
which  was  parallel  to  the  mountain  side,  escaped  with 
a  number  of  bruises.  Building  and  men  were  carried 
far  down  into  the  gulch.  Some  of  the  living  suc- 
ceeded in  digging  their  way  out  and  then  went  to 
work  vigorously  to  succor  their  less  fortunate  com- 
rades. So  great  was  the  danger  of  another  snow  slide 
that  one  of  the  men  who  came  to  the  rescue  took  the 
names  of  those  at  work.  After  about  fifteen  hours 
of  incessant  labor  all  were  recovered.  The  dead  were 
John  Galbraith,  foreman;  Thomas  Sturgeon,  miner; 
J.  Gillbright,  miner;  Mike  Flynn,  cook;  Tom  Malloy, 
assistant  cook;  Ole  Olson,  waiter. 

This  was  the  most  disastrous  of  a  large  number  of 
snow  slides  that  had  caused  loss  of  life  and  property 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  during  the  winter  of  1889-90 
and  previous  years.  The  contour  of  the  country  i& 
very  favorable  to  such  slides,  and  their  frequency 
proved  a  serious  drawback  to  winter  mining. 

The  chief  mining  excitement  of  this  year  on  the 
north  fork  was  that  incited  by  the  news  of  a  mammoth 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


find  of  lead  carbonates  on  upper  Prichard  creek,  on  the 
old  Thompson  road,  a  mile  and  a  half  above  Raven. 
Scores  rushed  to  the  new  district  and  the  entire  coun- 
try surrounding  was  agitated.  Before  the  fires  of  ex- 
citement had  begun  to  subside  they  received  fresh  fuel 
by  the  discovery  of  gold  quartz  in  Cement  gulch  in 
the  same  neighborhood.  It  is  stated  that  the  carbon- 
ate discovery  was  first  made  as  early  as-  1884,  but  was 
neglected  oii  account  of  the  fact  that  everyone  had  the 
gold  fever  then.  It  was  relocated  in  1889,  and  later 
sold  for  a  nominal  sum  to  W.  H.  Douty  and  George 
Chapman,  who  sank  a  shaft,  discovered  some  fine  ore 
and  then  quit  operations.  Though  the  secret  was 
carefully  guarded,  the  news  eventually  reached  the 
ears  of  George  P.  Carter,  one  of  the  discoverers  of 
the  Poorman  mine,  and  Smith  Darling,  who  began 
prospecting  in  the  vicinity  with  great  earnestness.  As 
a  result  of  their  labors  showings  were  made  which  in- 
cited the  stampede. 

Another  exciting  event  of  the  twelvemonth  now 
under  review  was  the  jail  break  at  Murray  on  Novem- 
ber 1 7th,  the  details  of  which,  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascer- 
tained, were  as  follows :  When  Jailor  Ives  brought  in 
the  evening  meal  Nicholas  Tully,  who  was  in  the  habit 
of  assisting  the  authorities,  caught  Ives  in  the  steel 
cage,  and  with  the  help  of  another  prisoner  named 
Edward  Smith,  overpowered,  bound  and  gagged  him, 
took  his  watch,  money  and  keys,  and  locked  him  in  the 
cell.  He  then  released  four  other  prisoners,  secured 
two  revolvers  and  prepared  for  flight.  When  dark- 
ness came  on  the  six  set  out  to  enjoy  their  freedom. 
The  escaped  prisoners  were :  Nicholas  Tully,  held  for 
assault  with  intent  to  kill ;  Edward  Smith,  for  highway 
robbery ;  Thomas  Ryan  and  John  McEvoy,  for  grand 
larceny ;  Henry  Goodman,  for  highway  robbery :  and 
Peter  'Snowball,  for  the  murder  of  John  Galbraith,  at 
Pottsville. 

Ives  chewed  the  rope  with  which  he  was  gagged, 
into  two,  and  yelled  for  aid.  Only  with  great  diffi- 
culty was  his  release  effected,  for  it  was  necessary  to 
file  some  of  the  bars  of  the  cage.  The  sheriff  was 
absent  at  the  time.  Commissioner  Kraus  called  for 
volunteers  to  go  out  and  arrest  the  escaped  prisoners. 
He  received  a  ready  response.  William  L.  Tinker 
and  Will  Hooper  set  out  for  Thompson ;  O.  D.  Jones 
and  George  W.  Chapman  for  the  south  fork.  The 
latter  two  discovered  at  Delta  that  they  were  on  the 
right  track.  Pushing  on  to  Beaver  Station  they  saw 
the  fugitives  in  a  field  near  that  point.  Securing  the 
aid  of  Ed.  Clongh  and  the  Wallace  stage  driver,  they 
started  back  to  the  place  where  the  culprits  had  been 
seen.  Jones  and  Chapman  rushed  ahead  and  secreted 
themselves  near  the  road,  onto  which  the  fugitives 
soon  emerged  from  the  brush.  Jumping  up  suddenly 
in  front  of  the  sextette,  they  gave  the  command  to  halt 
and  throw  up  hands.  A  fight  might  have  ensued  had 
not  the  two  men  in  the  rear  come  up  just  then  with 
their,  shot-guns,  arriving  in  time  to  satisfy  the  escaped 
s  that  resistance  was  useless.  The  desperadoes 


silv 


cd  t 


their 


jensus  of  1890  gives  the  popu- 


lation of  Shoshone  county  by  precincts  as:  Burke, 
482;  Carbon,  157;  Delta,  106;  Eagle,  56;  Elk,  339; 
Kellogg,  324;  Kingston,  158;  Mullan,  818 ;  Murray, 
450;  Osburn,  269;  Pierce,  238;  Wallace,  913;  Ward- 
ner,  858;  Weippe,  156.  Total,  5,882.  In  1880  the 
population  of  the  county  was  only  469. 

On  February  16,  1891,  a  meeting  of  the  mine  own- 
ers and  mine  managers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  con- 
vened at  Wallace  and  resulted  in  the  organization  of 
Mine  Owners'  Protective  Association,  claimed  to 
have  been  the  first  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States. 
Its  purpose  was  co-operation  in  all  matters  pertaining 
to  mining  in  the  silver-lead  district,  such  as  the  ad- 
justment of  freight  and  transportation  rates  with  the 
railways,  the  handling  of  labor,  etc.  The  organization, 
like  the  miners'  union,  which  came  into  being  the 
previous  year,  was  destined  to  play  a  prominent  part 
in  the  history  of  the  region. 

Railway  activity  in  the  county  this  year  took  the 
form  of  changing  the  Northern  Pacific  cut-off  from  a 
narrow  to  a  broad  gauge  and  the  effecting  of  a  like 
change  in  the  Burke  branch. 

August  19  a  terrible  accident  occurred  at  the  Black 
Bear  mine,  on  Canyon  creek,  causing  the  death  of 
four  men.  Two  hundred  pounds  of  giant  powder, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  lower  tunnel,  was  exploded  acci- 
dentally, caving  the  tunnel  for  a  distance  of  fifty  feet. 
The  result  was  that  G.  M.  Neil,  general  manager, 
Will  Janse,  assistant  manager,  Robert  Blackburn  and 
Alex.  Barren,  miners,  who  were  working  at  the  breast 
of  the  tunnel,  were  imprisoned  and  suffocated  by  the 
gas  before  help  could  reach  them.  A  number  of  oth- 
ers were  missing,  but  it  later  developed  that  these  men 
were  in  another  tunnel  and  out  of  harm's  way.  No 
blame  attached  to  anyone. 

A  few  months  afterward  the  first  fatal  accident  in 
the  vicinity  of  Wardner  occurred  in  the  Stemwinder. 
A  cave  of  twenty  tons  of  rock  and  ore  caught  Richard 
Griffin,  a  native  of  Wales,  causing  his  instant  death. 

Those  who  were  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  at 
the  time  will  remember  that  as  the  Northern  Pacific 
passenger  train  was  approaching  the  town  of  Potts- 
ville, near  the  Montana  line,  on  November  19,  1891, 
Express  Messenger  R.  R.  Case  had  two  unwelcome 
visitors,  who  requested  him  to  unlock  his  safe,  empha- 
sizing the  request  with  an  ugly  looking  pistol.  After 
securing  $2,800.  destined  for. Mullan.  and  perhaps 
much  more  money,  the  robbers  departed.  At  the  point 
where  the  robbery  was  effected  the  road  makes  a  long 
curve  and  the  grade  is  heavy,  necessitating  the  slowing 
down  of  the  train.  It  was  thought  that  the  robbers 
boarded  it  from  ambush,  expecting  to  get  the  money 
that  was  being  shipped  in  from  Montana  to  pay  the 
Gold  Hunter's  men  the  next  day.  The  affair  was  well 
planned  and  well  executed  and  the  perpetrators  of  the 
crime  were  never  apprehended. 

The  vear  1891  is  noted  as  being  the  one  in  which 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  labor  troubles  had  their  origin. 
Some  time  in  July  the  Miners'  Union  at  Wardner  peti- 
tioned V.  M.  Clement,  manager  of  the  Bunker  Hill  & 
Sullivan  mines,  that  the  existing  arrangement  whereby 
the  miners  paid  a  dollar  a  month  for  medical  treatment 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


without  hospital  facilities  should  cease,  and  that  the 
same  money  should  be  deducted  from  each  man's  pay 
and  applied  to  the  maintenance  of  the  Central  Miners' 
Union  Hospital  at  Wallace.  Early  in  August  the 
company  posted  notices  in  prominent  places  about  the 
'mine  calling  an  election  for  the  purpose  of  choosing 
between  these  three  propositions,  viz:  To  continue 
the  existing  arrangement;  to  build  a  new  hospital  on 
the  company's  grounds  at  Milo,  the  company  to  give 
lumber  and"  sufficient  ground  for  all  purposes,  condi- 
tioned on  the  men's  obtaining  sufficient  money  from 
individuals  and  other  local  companies  to  pay  other 
•expenses;  exemption  from  hospital  taxation  upon 
signing  a  contract  with  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan 
Mining  Company,  releasing  them  from  all  liabilities  for 


sickness  or  injury  while  in  their  employ.  Only  a  few 
of  the  miners  voted,  and  most  of  these  who  did  favored 
the  Wardner  hospital  proposition.  The  result  was 
that  the  company  gave  notice  of  its  intention  to  deduct 
the  dollar  a  month  and  that  all  miners  objecting  to 
this  plan  should  call  a  once  for  their  time.  Most  of 
the  men  went  out  on  a  strike,  causing  the  temporary 
closing  of  the  mine  and  mill.  Strikers  demanded 
$3-[io  a  day  for  all  candle-bearers  and  the  privilege  of 
sustaining  with  their  dollar  a  month  the  Central  Union 
Hospital.  Late  in  December  the  difficulty  was  ad- 
justed by  agreement  between  the  local  union  and 
central  union  of  the  Coenr  d'Alenes,  denominated  the 
"Consolidated- Union,"  on  the  one  side,  and  the  Bunker 
Hill  company  on  the  other. 


CHAPTER  III. 


CURRENT    HISTORY— 1892-1903. 


The  mine  owners  were  in  considerable  difficulty 
throughout  the  entire  fall  of  1891  and  a  part  of  the 
•ensuing  year,  not  only  through  differences  with  their 
•employes,  but  on  account  of  disagreements  with  the 
railroad  companies  about  freight  rates.  By  January 
I5th  all  the  producing  mines  in  the  district  were  closed 
except  the  Hunter,  at  Mnllan,  and  the  mines  of  the 
north  side.  The  former  remained  in  operation  owing 
to  the  fact  that  its  contract  with  the  smelter  only  re- 
quired its  ore  to  be  delivered  at  the  railway.  A  mine 
owners'  committee  was  sent  to  St.  Paul  and  Omaha 
to  arrange,  if  possible,  for  lower  rates.  In  March  the 
differences  were  settled  by  the  railway  company's 
agreeing  to  return  to  the  1890  rate,  which  was  $2  a 
ton  lower,  and  the  Mine  Owners'  Association  an- 
nounced that  on  April  ist  the  mines  would  be  re- 
opened. However,  they  insisted  that  only  $3  a  day 
should  bo  paid  to  carmen  and  shovelers,  a  proviso 
which  did  not  tend  to  harmonize  the  strained  relations 
existing  between  them  and  their  men. 

No  attempt  will  be  here  made  to  discuss  the  rights 

,  and  wrongs  of  this  controversy,  but  that  the  reader 
may  have  seme  data  upon  which  to  found  an  opinion 

>?  of  his  own,  the  official  statements  of  both  sides  of  the 
•case  are  here  incorporated,  as  follows : 


the   Association   thinks   it   proper  to   publish   the   proposftio 


The  proposition  is  given  helow,  and  what  the 


The  Mine  Owners'  Association  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes 
takes  this  public  method  of  informing  all  former  employes 
of  the  various  mines  and  mills,  as  well  as  the  public  gen- 
erally, that  having  reached  a  satisfactory  settlement  of  all 

and  other  matters,  that  all  mines  will  be  ready  to  resume  work 
on  or  about  April  i,  or  sooner  if  a  sufficient  number  of  the  old 
hands  can  get  back  before  that  date.  In  order  to  give  them 
time  to  get  back  it  is  probable  that  not  more  than  one  or  two 

will  be  given  to  all  former  employes. 

Believing  most  earnestly  that  the  advance  of  the  wages 
of  carmen  and  shovelers,  which  was  forced  upon  the  mine 


for  obvious  reasons,  to  both  employers  and  miners,  the  Asso- 
ciation begs  leave  to  announce  the  following  scale  of  wages : 

shovelers,   $3   per   day  of  ten   hours,   except   in   shaft   mines, 
where  carmen  and   shovelers  will  be  paid  $3.50  per  day,  or 

clothes  ^necessary,  wilM*  ifcid  $3.50  "per^day  .'"where 
miners   or   carmen   are   put   on   special   eight-hour   shifts   the 

Wa°This' scale  of6  wages, 'aft er  mrch  "consideration,  has  been 

is  .hoped  that  it  may  meet  the  approval  of  all  old  employes 
as   well   as   the   public   generally.     The    Association   also   an- 

\-  night  they  may, 
ic   manager,   have 

I  at  all  the  Coeur 


The  above  are  the  wages 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO.    . 


not  only  to  the  miners,  but  also  to  the  community  generally 

only  the  miners  but  all  of  the  people  of  the  several  town* 
of  this  county  to  live  here.     Are  they  not,  we  would  ask  in- 

i^ie^ISefeon?Ss0ro^£ll€I^i 

SXSiSSraSS?Ss?ig 

ing  miners  have  contributed  to  the  coffers  of  the  unions,  ex- 
cepting  in   the   matter   of   the    Sisters'   hospital,    which   is   a 

their  beds,  and  so  on.     Supposing  these  threats  were  carried 
"killed   off,"  as6  the'"  esay!Tow   would^t^benefit  therrT'of^the 

country  any  length  of  time  and  too  generally  known  to  ad- 
mit of  any  contradiction. 
The  only  men  who  can  be  said  to  have  been  benefited 

diately  or  make  business  active?     Certainly  not.     Would  such 
a   state    of   anarchy    encourage   capitalists    to   come    into   the 

at  all  are  the  carmen  and  shovelers,  worthy  men,  no  doubt, 

are  lying  idle?     We  do  not  think  it  would  be  very  encourag- 

pay  as  skilled  miners,  who  have  spent  years  in  learning  their 
trade?     We"  have  endeavored  many  times  to  learn  by  what 
reason  the   unions    demanded   the   same   pay   for   these   men 
that  they  do  for  miners,  but  have  failed  entirely  to  get  any 

country  do  anybody  any  good?     It  certainly  does  not,  but  on 
the  contrary,  it  docs  the  whole  community  harm. 
What  is  the  cause  of  it?     Simply  this  :     A  few  agitators, 

and  shovelers  work  under  ground  and  run  the  same  dangers 
as  miners,  and  also  that  such  was  the  custom  in  Butte.    The 

desire  to  terrorize  this  whole  community  and  they  make  these 
utterances  themselves,  or  induce  their  friends  to  do  so,  with 

country  have  been  caused  in  one  way  or  another  by  unlocked 
for  explosions  of  powder.     Then,  too,  they  work  mostly  on 
the  floors  and  in  tunnel  levels,  while  the  miner  has  to  work 

mitting  that  the  danger  is  equal  to  both  miner  and  carmen 
alike,  we  would  ask  if  the  world's  work  is  paid  for  without 
regard  to  skill?     Does  the  locomotive  fireman  get  the  same 
pay  as  the  engineer?     Does  the  brakeman  get  the  same  pay 

they  have  succeeded,  we  may  state  that  the  whole  community 
is  terrorized  or  appears  to  be  so,  and  in  evidence  of  this  is  the 
fact   that   while   the    majority   of  the   business   men   of   thi« 

and  state  among  themselves  tl'at  they  are  surprised  that  the 
unions  do  not  accept  it,  they  dare  not  say  as  much  in  any 

the  talking  and  instead  of  devoliivj  themselves  to  a  fair  dis- 

men  to  be  anything  but  laborers. 
We  have   gone   into   this   matter   at   greater   length   than 

mine  owners.     We  would  ask   if  this  is   sensible  and  right? 
Is  there  anv  justification  for  it?     Are  any  higher  wages  paid' 

of  carmen  and  shovelers  has  been  the  cause  of  endless  trouble 
the  main  bone  of  contention  at  the  present  time. 

tions  of  living  are  as  favorable  as  here?     Is  it  not  true  that 
much  lower  wages  are  paid  in  many  mining  sections  of  this^ 
country   where  the   conditions   are   not   as   favorable?     Take- 

men  and  shovelers  last  year  at  the  demand  of  the  unions,  but 

10,000   feet   above   the   sea    level,    and    where   the   mines   are 

justice.  ^However,  at  Aat  tin*  .lead  and  silver  were  much 

wages  there  now  and  have  been  since  the  strike  of  1880  $3. 

changed  ;  lead  is  only  four  cents  and  tending  downward.     Sil- 
ver is  below  90  and  going  lower,  and  the  mine  owners  are 

shaft  mines,  and  in  shaft  mines  here  we  offer  to  pay  the  same- 
wages. 
Pay  days  have  always  been  regular  here,  the  men  as  well 

It  is  entirely  a  matter  of  business.    The  ores  of  this  camp 

mate  pleasant;  in"  short  ther'e  is  not  a  mining  camp  'in  the- 

management   to   make   the   business   profitable   and   when   the 
d'Alene  lead  mines  is  considered  it  must  be  evident  to  anybody 

?J^2^S£^?'£^i??^3 

ever  can  be  made. 
These    are    facts   and   we   state   them   at    length    for  the 

more  work  can  be  done  in  this  camp.      While  this  is  the  ulti- 
matum of  the  committee,  many  of  the  best  miners  of  the  coun- 

aWe  wish  tobSorm  them  also  that  our  interests  are  mu- 
tual ;   that   miners,  mine  owners   and   all   the  people   of  this 
Coeur  d'Alene  region  depend  solely  upon  the  mines  for  sup- 
port.    There  is  nothing  else,  as  everybody  knows,  and  when 

Now  it  is  equally  true  that  after  the  prospector,  the  mine 
owners  were  here  first  and  by  means  of  their  skill  and  capital 
opened  and  equipped  the  mines  and  made  it  possible  for  not 

i°  i^°  with   the  Zlsines'Tmen3  and  "ew^er^"^^^'  with 
the  miners  themselves.     They  all  fear  to  state  their  real  opin- 
ions for  obvious  reasons.    We  would  ask  if  this  is  a  desirable- 
condition   of  things?     We   hold  that  this   is  a   free  country 

his  honest  convict-mi-.  \\ithmit  being  threatened  for  doing  so. 
We   have  an   interest   in   this   question,   for  the  living  of  atf 
depends  upon  its  solution,  and  we  hold  that  it  is  not  only  the: 

HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


th                    d                        h            "              b         f     h          ' 

We  do  not  ask  anybody  to  take  our  side.     We  leave  the 
side  that  they  will  take  to  their  own  good  judgment,  but  we 

of  his  union,  lawful  or  unlawful. 
Men  cannot  associate  together  and  form  societies  to  do 

what  is  just  and  honorable  to  all  concerned.     All  trust  also 
that  every  citizen  who  has  any  stake  in  this  community  will 
appreciate    the    necessity    of    discountenancing    and    opposing 

or  three  leaders  made  speeches  and  motions  and  carried  things, 
to  suit  themselves.    This  has,  we  think,  been  the  trouble  right 
along  in  the  proceeding?  of  the  unions.  Two  or  three  men  who 

ditious  talk,  may  undertake. 

majority  of  the  sober,  sensible  men,  partly  through  fear  and 

in  any  good  to  anyone.     We  trust  there  will  be  no  more  dis- 
graceful   scenes    such    as   were   witnessed    during   the    strike 

the  sentiments  of  those  present,  for  if  we  hear  them  rightly, 

rage.     By  what  right  did  those  men  arrogate  to  themselves. 

to  inform  those  who  are  now  contemplating  similar  outrages 

prisonment   in  the   penitentiary  and  we  propose  hereafter  to 
see  the  law  strictly  enforced,  and  we  think  we  will  have  the 
active    support   of   every   respectable   cKlzen   of   this    country 
in  so  doing. 
It  may  be   said  by  some  that  this   is   no  fight  of  ours; 

complishment   of   the   beneficial   objects   that   properly   come 
thing  and  everybody  with  a  high  hand,  to  lay  down  the  law 

thority  to  convert  the  unions  they  control  into  great  tyrants 

aVhfhaes  lo  sSr"^  ^T££*^^* 

their  own  members.     Such  a  course,  whether  pursued  by  a 

or    destruction    of    any    mills    or   other    property,    Shoshone 

them  and  old  miners  can  call  to  mind  many  within  their  own 

lished   fully  at  the  time  of  the  Pittsburg  riots  in  '77.     Alle- 
gheny county  paid  over  $3,000,000  to  the  owners  of  property 

reckless  leaders,  the  union  demanded  an  advance  for  miners 
from  $3.50  to  $4  per  day,  and  after  a  strike  which  cost  the 

Can  it  be  said,  therefore,  that  where  men  are  daily  talking 

and  money,  they  ended  by  going  to  work  at  $3  per  day.     If 

not  one  cent  at  stake  themselves  that  the  citizens  who  have 

d'Alenes,  we  very  much  fear  that  after  weeks  and  months  of 

History  repeats  itself  over  and  over  again. 
It    may    be    answered    that    the    members    of   the    Coeur 

np  objection,  to  them  if  they  are  conducted  by  prudent,  sensi- 

never   undertake   anything  not   properly   within   the   province 

their  efforts  to  mutually  aiding  and  benefitting  all   working 

leaders  have  not  now  made  up  their  minds  that  if  they  are 

they  undertake  to  run  the  whole  country  ;  when  they  undertake 
to  terrorize  everybody  and  by  threats  and  intimidation,  coerce 
and  force  men  to  join  the  union  whether  they  wish  to  or  not, 

urge  a  strike  for  $4  per  day  for  miners,  for  the  closing  of  all 
company  boarding  nouses,  for  a  boycott  on  all  business  enter- 

if  not  freely  then  by  force,  that  no  mine  foreman  shall  dis- 

It  will  doubtless  be  said  that  the  unions  do  not  undertake 

things  been  talked  up,  but  thev  have  been  voted  upon,  and  if 
not  definitely  determined  as  yet,  it  is  well  known  that  they  will 
be  when  the  time  is  considered  ripe. 

violence?     Who  were  the  men  who  drove  the  two  miners  off 
the  Little   Chap  ground  last   fall   and  threatened  their  lives 

fair   country   would   be   secured?     Vain   hope!      We   venture 
the  belief  and  we  have  good  grounds  for  it,  that  sixty  days 

undertaken   by  threats   and   force   to   make   miners   at   nearly 

the  fiat  of  the  union  would  go  forth  and  must  be  complied 
with  or  the  offending  mine,  or  all  of  them,  would  be  closed 

the  countrv?     It  may  be  answered  that  the  unions  are  not  re- 
sponsible for  these  acts  of  some  of  their  members.     But  were 

sible  for  all  "the  acts  of  their  memberVwhich  a'rise'out  of  or 

we,  the  mine  owners,  think  it  is  about  time  to  call  a  halt-  and 

will"  say,  "Amen.    You°are  "right6  and  we"  are  with  you."    We 
would  ask  again,  was  there  ever  any  cut  in  wages  in  any  camp 

HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


what 


.ing  of  n 


r  thn- 


if  property  befc 

•ywhere  until  the  fall  of 


the  destru 
ions?     Everybody  knows 

1890,  when  the  miners'  i 
began  almost  immediate!; 
and  it  has  been  increasing  in  volume  and  violence 

have  broken  a  contract  which   they  had  with  the  unio 
pay  shovelers  and  carmen  $3.50  per  day  and  that  the 


e  had  lots  of  i 


c  Ow 


rs'  Asso 


absurd  and  false  as  to  cause  a  blush  of  apology  on  the  cheeks 
of  Ananias,  but  as  working  men  we  ask  a  thoughtful  and 
considerate  public  to  view  both  sides  of  the  question  before 

brought  before  their   notice.     Without   eulogy  or  self  praise 


change  of  wages.  We  would  in  answer  ask  if  the  unions  no- 
tified the  mine  owners  last  year  before  they  decided  on  de- 
manding a  raise  in  the  wages  of  carmen  and  shovelers  ?  They 
did  not,  but  they  simply  made  a  peremptory  demand  on  the 
mine  owners  and  said,  "Raise  these  carmen's  pay  to  $3.50 


those  members  of  the  miners'  unions  who  have  been  in  the 
past  or  are  now  prominently  identified  with  these  organizations 


o  be  above  and  beyond  the  reproach  of  the  Mine  Owne 


meeting  with  refusal  in  three  places,  they  did  close  the 
mines,  to  the  great  loss  of  all  concerned.  When  the  advance 

we  do  not  remember  that  there  was  in  a  single  case  any  cove- 
nant or  agreement  that  it  should  stand  for  any  specified  time, 
[n  short  the  mine  owners  had  no  opportunity  to  agree  and 
they  were  simply  held  up  and  told  to  do  certain  things,  which 

side  that  it  should  continue  for  any  specified  time,  or  that 
any  notice  should  be  given  by  any  one  side  or  the  other  de- 
siring to  change  it. 

committee  has  notified  us  that  they  will  permit  no  work  to  be 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  excepting  at  $3.50 


i    be    practical 


the 


pie  of  t 


done 


per  day  for  all  men  underground  and  at  short  hours,  th; 
to  say,  ten  hours  for  the  day  shift,  excepting  Saturday — nine 
hours — and  nine  hours  for  the  night  shift,  excepting  Saturday 
night— eight  hours.  Let  us  take  a  look  over  the  situation 


because  they  simply  cannot  afford  to  run?      Is  it  not  true  that 
there  are  from  l.ooo  to  2,000  miners  idle  in  Butte  and  vicinity 

try?     Is  it  not  true  that  copper  "and  iron  ore  are  very  low, 


s  and  laborers  ?  Is  it  not  true  that  the 
ire  working  at  $2  and  less  per  day  of 
•ue  that  in  nearly  every  camp  in  Utah, 


Coeur  d'Alene,  are  being  damned  and  vilified  and  threatened 
for  offering  to  pay  the  scale  of  wages  stated  at  the  beginning 
of  this  article.  We  will  simply  add  that  we  have  determined 
that  the  wages  cited  are  fair  and  liberal,  and  all  we  ought 
to  be  asked  to  pay,  and  having  so  determined  we  do  not  mean 
at  any  higher  wages.  We  will  wait  until 


to  start  up  o 

they  decline  to 
the  right 


cept, 


will  hav 


and  own)  c 
to  do  so  w 
ing.  howevs 
they  see  fit 


other  course  but  to 
s  (which  we  have  paid  for 
nd  we  are  fully  determined 


es?  Is  there  any  sense  or  reason  in  it?  Hav< 
everybody  regularly  all  that  we  owed  them?  '. 
led  anybody?  Have  we  wronged  anybody  in  a 
anything  of  .the  kind  ever  heard  prior  to  last  j 

d  anybody  be  living  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  if  th 


R  D'Ar.F 


•  MINE  Ow 


RS'  Ass 


•s  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  can  appeal  to  the  peo- 
tion,  in  whose  minds  the  memory  is  still  fresh 
ot  tne  course  pursued  by  some  of  the  mine  owners  when  an 
endeavor  was  made  to  establish  the  Sisters'  hospital  in  our 
midst.  It  is  also  well  known  that  what  they  now  truthfully 
call  a  "noble  institution"  formerly  they  designated  a  "foreign 
and  un-American  corporation.''  It  is  also  thoroughly  under- 
stood that  it  was  the  refusal  of  some  Wardner  companies  to 
deduct  hospital  fees  in  accordance  with  the  wishes  of  the 
majority  of  their  employes  that  led  to  the  misunderstanding 
of  last  summer,  and  that  since  the  local  unions  have  consoli- 

of  fees  collected  in  dues  from  their  members,  cared  for  their 
sick,  as  well  as  decently  interred  their  dead,  and  in  sick 
benefits  have  paid  as  largely  as  any  of  the  secret  benevolent 
societies  in  existence,  besides  equally  establishing  better  feel- 
ings for  the  welfare  of  their  members  and  their  mutual  pro- 
'tection.  When  we  bear  this  expense  we  would  like  to  ask  the 
Mine  Owners'  Association  and  the  public  whether  the  tax- 
caused,  time  lost  or  feelings  engendered?  We  emphatically 
say  yes,  and  challenge  even  our  worthy  foes  to  truthfully  deny 
this  assertion. 

From  items  appearing  in  the  public  press,  gathered  from 

states,  we  are  led  to  believe  that  wages  cut  no  figure  in  the 
late  shut  down,  but  now  the  only  motive  seems  to  have  been 
to  crush  out  organized  labor  and  to  establish  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes  hy  importation  of  contract  labor  (that  curse  of 

about   from  thfs   course   in   some   of   the   older   states.     That 

seeks  to  deny,  but  the  fact  still  remains  that  nowhere  in  latter 
day.;  has  capital  invested  in  mining  enterprise  been  so  pro- 
ductive in  so  short  a  time  as  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  In  proof 

ports  of  some  of  our  mine  managers  to  their  directors  for  the 
past  year.  One  of  the  managers  sometime  since  made  a  state- 
ment, afterward  appearing  in  the  public  press,  that  the  con- 
cessions received  from  the  railroad  companies  would  to  his 
company  alone  make  a  difference  of  $30,000  per  annum,  which, 

What  is  true  in  this  case  is  equally  so  of  the  other  companies, 
except  where  affairs  have,  as  is  generally  understood,  been 
grossly  mismanaged. 

That  the  "altitude  is  low  and  the  climate  pleasant"  we  do 
not  deny ;  nor  do  we  feel  under  any  obligations  to  the  mine 
owner  for  this  gratuitous  gift  of  Providence,  but  if  at  some 
of  the  mines  where  the  companies  rim  the  boarding  and  lodg- 
ing houses  the  condition  of  the  houses  and  the  quality  of  the 

stance  we  would  feel  that  in  that  matter  we  were  being  treated 
with  only  a  merited  degree  of  justice.  To  show  how  unfairly 
the  Mine  Owners'  Association  dealt  with  us,  let  us  review 
their  assertion  that  the  wages  offered  in  their  statement  were 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


those  existing  ever  since  the  mines  started.  We  answer  that 
the  statement  is  false,  for  in  all  of  the  principal  mines  until  the 
summer  of  1887  the  wages  for  all  underground  men  were 
$3.50  per  day,  when  the  wages  of  carmen  and  shovelers  in 
some  of  the  mines  were  reduced  to  $3  per  day.  Immediately 
after  this  reduction  of  wages  the  first  miners'  union  was  or- 


made  last  year  was  paid  under  protest  is  also  false,  as  we  hold 

tional  wages  were  paid  without  the  solicitation  of  the  miners' 
union,  much  less  under  protest.  The  ultimatum  of  the  Mine 
Owners'  Association  conveys  the  idea  that  we  are  nothing 
more  nor  less  than  a  band  of  anarchists  continually  threaten- 
ing the  destruction  of  life  and  property,  liable  at  any  mo- 
purpose.  This  is  interesting  news  to  the  people  of  this  sec- 
tion. Whatever  the  effect  of  such  slanders  on  the  outside 
may  be  we  have  no  fear  of  the  result  at  home.  We  ask 
when,  where  and  by  whom  were  such  threats  made?  When 
did  the  destruction  of  life  by  the  miners'  union  begin?  When 
were  the  mines  of  the  several  companies  burned?  When  were 
the  flumes  blown  up  and  what  name  did  the  mine  manager 
bear  when  in  the  flesh  who  was  killed  in  his  boots  or  threat- 
thai  such  dire  threats  were  never  made  by  anyone  acting 
under  authority  of  the  union,  and  we  know,  a"s  do  all  the  citi- 
zens of  Ihis  section,  they  were  never  carried  out  nor  could 
they  be  with  the  consent  of  any  of  the  unions. 

Of  some  of  the  managers  it  may  be  said  that  a  change 
seems  to  have  come  over  the  sp.irit  of  their  dreams  since 
September  of  last  year.  On  the  24th  of  that  month  the  then 
manager  of  the  Bunker  Hill  and  S.ulUvan  Company,  with  the 

"In  consideration  of  the  foregoing  concessions  the  con- 
solidated miners'  unions  of  tht  Coeur  d'Alene  hereby  guar- 
antee to  protect  all  the  company's  property,  its  agents  and 
officers,  from  any  acts  or  demonstrations  of  violence  or 
threats  from  individuals  or  bodies  of  its  members." 

We  ask  before  becoming  a  party  to  the  statement  pub- 

on  which  the'local  o™c"ntral  unioVvio7atTd%iisSor°anye other 
agreement  made  with  him  or  others?  The  Coeur  d'Alene 

their  denial  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding,  in  which  the 
following  occurs :  "That  there  shall  be  no  person  employed 
in  our  mines  at  a  less  price  than  $3.50  per  day  until  I  shall  first 
notify  you  in  writing." 

There'  is  no  doubt  that  the  mine  owners  would  not  object 
to  the  unions  provided  they  were  officered  by  their  nominees, 

they  might  be 'in  a  position  to  direct  their  efforts  to  mutually 

the  future  to  select  a  county  ticket  to  be  voted  on 
in  the  fall  is  a  falsehood  without  a  vestige  of  truth.  The 
miners  did  without  doubt  at  the  last  election  vote  for  and  elect 
certain  managers  and  others  to  the  state  legislature,  but  the 

couragement  to  the  people  to  elect  any  of  them  again.  The 
union  as  a  society  did  not  perpetrate  the  outrages  in  Wardner 

ing  where  certain  men  were'  forced  to  leave  by  the  decree  of 

zens  to  leave  Wardner  is  so  tinged  with  falsehood  as  to  re- 
main unanswered.  If  our  local  unions  sanction  the  acts  of 

lie* womd^madTto' believe,  "ou/constitutk^'is  open^the 
public  and  we  invite  all  to  study  it  carefully,  as  we  defy  any 

in  order  to  enlist  member-;,  the  people  here  know  well  we 
have  never  used  the  like  with  one-half  the  force  the  associa- 
tion has  done  to  compel  outside  mines  to  fall  in  line.  Will 
the  Mine  Owners'  Association  allow  their  constitution  to  be 


been  boycotted  by  the  unions  here  simply  becav 


nade  to  for 


rade  v 


mpts  were 
unions  did 
it  been  with 


the  Managers'  Association?  It  has  continually  purs 
members,  and  to  be  an  officer  in  either  local  or  central  union 
has  been  for  a  long  time  since  sufficient  reason  for  the  black- 
listing of  the  offending  member.  In  all  mining  districts  in  the 

We  thank  the  citizens  of  our  respective  communities  for  their 
expressions  of  sympathy  and  hope  always  to  merit  their  ap- 

THE    CENTRAL    MINERS'    UNION    OF    THE 
COEUR  D'ALENE. 

The  proposition  of  the  mine  owners  was  finally  re- 
jected by  the  Central  Executive  union  and  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Mine  Owners'  Association  issued  a  manifesto 
in  which  they  said,  among  other  things : 

"We  have  made  an  effort  in  good  faith  to  resume 
work,  but  cannot  do  so  under  existing  circumstances. 
We  could  bring  in  men  from  distant  mining  sections 
who  would  be  glad  to  work  for  the  wages  offered, 
but  we  will  not  do  so  except  as  a  last  resort.  *  *  * 
We  desire  to  announce  that  we  now  withdraw  the 
proposition  made,  and  also  that  we  have  decided,  as 
we  cannot  work  the  mines,  to  reduce  expenses  as 
much  as  possible  and  to  allow  our  mines  to  remain 
idle  until  June  fst,  by  which  time  we  hope  to  have 
made  such  arrangements  as  will  enable  us  to  resume 
business." 

As  the  first  of  June  approached  the  mine  owners 
began  bringing  in  miners  from  the  outside,  under 
guard  of  armed  detectives.  They  also  sued  out  in- 
junctions in  the  Federal  court  and  had  them  served  on 
a  number  of  different  persons,  restraining  them  from 
interfering  in  any  way  with  the  operation  of  the  mines. 
During  the  month  of  June  some  of  the  mines  were 
run  by  non-union  labor,  short-handed  and  intermit- 
tently," whereas  in  others  union  and  non-ui 


;  beet 


side  by 


the  for 


at  least,  at  the  old  scale  of  $3.50  a  day,  and  in  still 
others  only  union  men  were  employed. 

The  mines  which  came  under  the  special  displeas- 
ure of  the  union  men  were  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sulli- 
van, at  Wardner..  and  the  Gem  and  Frisco,  on  Canyon 
creek.  At  the  Canyon  creek  mines  the  feeling  be- 
tween the  union  strikers  and  the  non-union  men  who 
had  taken  their  places  and  were  working  under  guard 
was  very  bitter.  Exchange  of  harsh  words  were  very 
frequent  and  fist  fights  were  not  uncommon.  These 
eventually  precipitated  an  armed  encounter  on  July 
nth  between  union  men  and  the  employes  and  guards 
of  the  Frisco  mine.  At  about  five  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing of  that  day  the  firing  commenced.  It  is  said  by 
both  sides  that  the  shooting  was  not  intended  at  first 
to  do  other  execution  than  to  frighten  the  men  out 
of  the  mine.  Soon,  however,  a  pitched  battle  resulted, 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


both  miners  and  guards  firing  to  kill.  The  strikers 
were  at  a  disadvantage,  so  withdrew  up  the  hills.  It 
was  now  that  the  plan  of  destroying  the  mills  took 
shape  in  their  minds.  They  came  to  the  end  of  the 
tramway,  placed  some  giant  powder  in  a  car  and 
started  it  to  the  buildings  on  its  errand  of  destruction. 
The  fuse  was  too  short,  so  the  explosion  took  place 
too  soon  to  do  serious  damage,  though  the  tramway 
was  destroyed.  Powder  was  then  carried  to  the  flume 
and,  the  water  having  been  first  turned  off,  sent  down 
the  penstock  and  to  the  water  wheel.  The  old  mill 
was  thus  wrecked,  but  fortunately  most  of  the  men  had 
withdrawn  to  the  new  mill,  thus  saving  their  lives. 
The  men  in  the  mill  continued  firing  a  short  time,  but 
soon  realizing  their  hopeless  position,  surrendered. 

Soon  the  battle  began  at  the  Gem.  The  men  in 
that  mine  had  made  some  preparation  by  erecting 
barricades  of  wood  and  lumber.  As  the  night  shift 
was  going  off  and  the  day  force  going  on,  the  firing 
began.  After  a  large  number  of  shots  had  been  ex- 
changed by  the  strikers  in  the  town  of  Gem  and 
the  men  at  the  mine,  a  conference  was  held  under  flag 
of  truce,  in  which  it  was  agreed  that  the  non-union 
men  should  surrender  if  so  advised  by  A.  L.  Gross, 
the  only  member  of  the  Gem  company  in  the  country. 
Gross  advised  the  surrender  and  the  men  handed  over 

In  the  two  battles  two  non-union  men  were  killed, 
namely,  John  Starlick  and  Ivery  Bean,  also  three 
strikers, — James  Hennessy,  Gus  Carlson  and  Harry 
Cummings.  A.  considerable  number  were  wounded. 

After  their  victories  at  the  Gem  and-  the  Frisco 
the  strikers  proceeded  to  Wardner,  going  from  a  point 
outside  of  Wallace  to  the  junction  in  two  freight  cars 
propelled  by  gravity.  They  arrived  after  dark  on  the 
night  of  the  i  ith,  took*  possession  of  the  Bunker  Hill 
concentrator  and  placed  a  ton  of  powder  under  it. 
Next  morning  Mr.  Clement  had  the'choice  of  discharg- 
ing his  non-union  employees  and  sending  them  out 
of  the  country  or  having  his  mill  blown  to  pieces. 
Under  the  circumstances  he  agreed  to  send  away  the 
men,  which  was  done. 

Many  of  the  non-union  men  left  the  country  July 
.  !2th,  going  by  rail  to  the  Mission  and  arriving  at 
that  point  about  three  o'clock.  The  steamer  was 
transferring  troops  across  the  lake  and  did  not  reach 
the  Mission  until  one  o'clock  next  morning.  While 
waiting,  the  non-union  men  were  made  the  victims 
of  an  outrage  which  has  been  condemned  by  both 
parties  to  the  quarrel  as  a  dastardly  and  utterly  inex- 
cusable affair.  Persons  whose  identity  is  unknown 
to  the  writer  and  perhaps  not  known  with  certainty 
by  many  outside  of  their  own  number,  came  down  on 
a  hand  car  to  the  Mission  and  attacked  the  unarmed 
men  with  guns.  The  men  fled,  of  course.  They  were 
pursued  by  the  attacking  party  over  the  meadow 
toward  Fourth  of  July  canyon,  six  miles  distant,  and 
all  of  them  subjected  to  the  hardship  of  spending  a 
night  in  various  hiding  places.  Those  who  took  re- 
fuge along  the  banks  of  the  river  either  made  their 
way  back  to  the  Mission  in  small  boats  or  were  picked 
up  by  the  steamer  next  morning.  From  the  number 


missing  it  was  supposed  that  many  had  been  killed, 
but  no  bodies  were  found.^  although  diligent  search 
was  made  for  them.  At  least  one  man,  John  H.  Ab- 
bott, was  severely  wounded  in  the  left  breast  by  a 
bullet,  so  that  he  was  not  expected  to  recover,  but 
we  are  informed  that  he  eventually  did.  The  purpose 
of  the  attack  was  doubtless  robbery  rather  than  blood- 
shed. Many  of  the  victims  had  everything  in  the 
world  that  they  possessed  taken  from  them.  It  should 
be  added  that 'the  miners'  union  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
emphatically  denied  that  it  or  any  of  its  members  had 
anything  to  do  with  this  outrage,  directly  or  indirectly. 

Martial  law  was  promptly  declared,  and  under  the 
protection  of  the  soldiers  many  of  the  expelled  non- 
union men  returned.  With  such  help,  the  Bunker 
Hill  and  Sullivan  Company  had  resumed  work  before 
July  1st.  According  to  the  mining  notes  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Miner  of  July  30*,  the  Gem,  Granite,  Custer 
and  Sierra  Nevada  were  then  all  at  work  and  all  ex- 
cept the  Custer  with  non-union  men.  The  Tiger  and 
Poorman  mines  were  closed  by  command  of  Colonel 
J.  F.  Curtis,  on  August  2oth,  also  all  the  saloons  in 
Burke.  The  reason  was  unknown,  but  it  was  sup- 
posed that  the  colonel  considered  the  mines  and  the 
saloons  as  meeting  places  of  those  plotting  crimes  and 
breaches  of  the  peace. 

Many  of  those  who  were  most  active  in  the  uprising 
were  compelled  to  flee  from  the  country ;  many  others 
were  placed  under  arrest,  but  only  a"  comparatively 
few  were  convicted  and  punished.  Twenty-five  were 
tried  in  the  Federal  court  on  a  charge  of  violating  the 
restraining  order,  and  of  these  Thomas  O'Brien  was 
sentenced  to  eight  months  and  F.  T.  Dean,  R.  M. 
Boyce,  Thomas  Henney  and  Thomas  Doyle  to  six 
months'  imprisonment.  A  number  were  tried  at  Coeur 
d'Alene  City  for  conspiracy  and  four  were  sentenced 
to  the  House  of  Correction  at  Detroit,  Michigan,— 
George  A.  Pettibone  for  two  years.  M.  L.  Devine  and 
Charles  St.  Clair,  for  eighteen  months,  and  John 
Murphy  for  fifteen  months. 

Gradually  the  troops  were  removed,  and  Novem- 
ber 18,  1892,  martial  law  was  revoked.  Besides  the 
state  militia  there  were  stationed  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes 
companies  from  the  Fourth,  Fourteenth,  Twenty-sec- 
ond and  Twenty-fifth  United  States  Infantry,  all  under 
command  of  Genera!  W.  P.  Carlin.  ' 

Eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  the  year  of 
panic  and  hard  times,  was  not  a  prosperous  one  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country.  During  the  spring  most  of 
the  mills  closed  down,  throwing  hundreds  out  of  em- 
ployment. May  i  ith  the  Small  &  Colby  Lumber  Com- 
pany, of  Kingston,  failed,  owing  $35,000  to  employees, 
but  it  did  a  noble  thing.  By  giving  a  mortgage  on 
all  its  property  it  raised  sufficient  money  to  pay  its 
men  in  full,  saving,  no  doubt,  a  great  deal  of  hardship 
and  suffering.  By  September  county  warrants,  which 
before  the  financial  crash  brought  90  cents  on  the  dol- 
lar, had  fallen  to  40  cents.  In  the  gold  belt  prospects 
were  allowed  to  go  without  even  the  performance  of 
assessment  work,  and  valuable  properties  were  per- 
mitted to  lie  idle.  In  the  silver-lead  belt  many  of  the 
mines  remained  inactive  during  the  greater  part 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


-of  the  year.  The  railroads  offered  a  reduction 
of  $2  a  ton  during  the  spring,  and  an  effort 
was  made  in  July  to  resume  work,  but  the 
mine  owners  claimed  they  could  not  afford  to  pay 
the  union  scale  of  $3.50  a  day,  owing  to  the  low  price 
of  lead  and  silver,  and  the  miners  refused  to  accept 
a  less  rate.  As  a  result  large  bodies  of  men  were  out 
of  employment  and  there  was  undoubtedly  some  desti- 
tution among  their  families. 

The  Murray  Sun,  which  was  strongly  union  in  its 
sympathies,  thus  comments  on  the  situation  in  its 
issue  of  October  13,  1893: 


•mistake  by  not  accepting,  in  the  first  place,  the  sliding  scale 
of  wages  for  tunnel  mines,  and  subsequently  the  tender  of 
$3  and  $3.50  for  the  same  character  of  mining.  As  a  result 


. 


sihfer^should  ha^been  "taken*  into  consideration  b°y  alUntdlli- 

gent  laboring  men,  who  are  not  bent  on  destroying  the  very 

•out  the  civilized  world.  Labor  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  would 
have  achieved  one  of  the  greatest  victories  yet  recorded 
in  the  union  had  either  scale  been  adopted,  and  set  every 

•employment    would    have    been   given    under   a   sliding   scale 

the  black  list  of  'the  most  infamous  military  rule  that  ever 
cursed  civilization.  The  right  against  unions  had  ceased  and 

lead  declined  in  sympathy.  The  mines  could  not  be  operated 
successfully  without  some  labor  concessions.  Although  re- 
quested, they  were  refused  by  the  miners  of  Canyon  creek 
and  Mullan,  although  at  Wardner  some  of  the  mills  have 
teen  operating.  The  majority  of  the  mines  and  mills  remain 
idle  and  hundreds  of  miners  are  living  upon  the  charity  of 
organized  labor  elsewhere,  their  families  are  in  need  and 
the  children,  we  are  told,  frequently  cry  for  bread.  Many 
of  those  who  sympathized  with  organized  labor  have,  though 
prosperous  eighteen  months  ago,  been  reduced  to  dire  straits, 
and  some  have  gone  to  the  wall.  Indeed  the  situation  could 

all  could  easily  be  changed  and  humiliation  avoided  by  say- 

depressed  value  of  silver  and  lead."  It  would  have  been 
•dignified  and  honorable.  But  another  feature  is  also  pre- 

ing  to  the  "south   fork   by  hundreds.      These  men  are  nearly 

What  will  result?  A  permanent  decline  in  wages  to  $3 
and  $2.50. 


However,  the  silver  lining  to  the  dark  clouds  is 
pointed  out  by  the  same  paper  in  its  issue  of  December 
:2gth  in  the  following  language : 

Although  dark  shadows  are  thrown  across  the  country 
on  the  threshhold  of  the  new  year,  with  business  stagnation 
everywhere  in  the  land,  the  people  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes 

selves  that  the  industrial   i-nnditinn   is  not  so  bad  here  as  it 
elsewhere.      Fortunately  the  mining  situation   in  the 


lici 


the  r 


'  previous  one  in  the  history  of  the  camp.  During  the  past 
year  the  Mother  lode  has  made  substantial  improvements, 
increasing  its  milling  capacity  from  five  to  ten  stamps ;  the 
Golden  Chest  has  dropped  ten  stamps  regularly  and  shipped 
a  large  quantity  of  concentrates  and  crude  ore ;  the  King 


into  a  big  ten-stamp  mill  battery  before  another  new  year; 
the  Fay  roller  mill  on  Pony  gulch  has  been  running  for 
some  time,  off  and  on;  the  Ward  arrastrc  at  Delta  has  been 
grinding  for  months  and  we  may  safely  estimate  that  the  out- 
put of  gold  from  this  source  during  the  year  has  been 
$200,000.  Our  extensive  placer  interests,  too,  have  shown 
good  and  substantial  development.  The  booming  process  in 
our  big  gulches  and  on  lower  Prichard  creek  has  come  to 


the 


drifted   with   a 


eek  her 


good   r 


and  o 


sults 


Trail  gulch  is  bein 
r  befor 


r  bette 


relopment,  yield- 
ing its  regular  output  of  dust  from  year  to  year.     The  output 

This  would  give  us  a  total  yield  of  $500,000  from  quartz  and 
placers,  a  healthy  state  of  affairs.  One  of  the  incidents  of 
the  year  has  been  the  successful  experiment  of  the  Colder 

concentrated  sul^urets.    "' 


acting 


Although  the  year  1894  had  a  somewhat  unpropi- 
tious  opening,  it  brought  substantial  improvements  over 
its  predecessor  in  financial  conditions.  There  were  some 
snow  slides  in  January,  in  one  of  which  "Doc"  Mc- 
Grevey  and  John  Bollen,  prospectors,  lost  their  lives. 
This  was  in  Bowlder  gulch,  two  miles  east  of  Mullan. 
In  February  a  serious  accident  occcurred  in  the  Will- 
iams slope  "of  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  mine,  by 
which  Patrick  Curran,  Adolph  Markaite  and  Frank 
Sobalja  lost  their  lives :  Peter  Overwrader  suffered  a 
compound  fracture  of  the  left  leg,  and  Henry  Schmell- 
ing  a  double  fracture  of  the  leg  and  a  compound  fract- 
ure of  the  right  foot.  The  coroner's  jury  in  the  case  held 
the  company  at  fault.  During  the  'closing  days  of 
March  seven  snowslides  occurred  on  Canyon  creek, 
damaging  flumes  and  railway  tracks  and  by  "interfering 
with  transportation  causing  mining  companies  to  sus- 
pend operations.  One  slide  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Black 
Bear  mine  buried  and  occasioned  the  death  of  the  fol- 
lowing persons :  Stephen  Deiro,  Mrs.  Stephen  Deiro, 
Victoria  Deiro,  five  years  old,  Michael  Martino,  Mrs. 
Benjamin  Rowe.  In  May,  the  entire  south  fork  valley 
was  flooded,  doing  immense  damage,  especially  to  rail- 
roads. Many  houses  were  .entirely  submerged.  At 
Harrison  the  water  was  at  one  time  twenty-four  inches 
above  the  railroad  track.  From  Cataldo  to  Kingston 
there  was  scarcely  anv  track  of  either  road  visible ;  be- 
tween Kingston  and  Wallace,  the  Union  Pacific  track 
was  badly  washed  out,  and  between  that  point  and 
Mullan  still  greater  damage  was  done.  On  Canyon 
creek  the  railways  had  been  similarly  damaged,  while 
the  village  of  Black  Bear  was  for  a  "time  under  water 
and  its  inhabitants  were  camped  on  the  hillsides.  Wal- 
lace was  never  in  danger  of  loss  of  life  or  great  prop- 
erty loss,  but  it  suffered  considerable  damage.  No 
mail, reached  the  town  between  May  22cl  and  June  5th. 
It  is  stated  that  at  Murray  the  snow  fall  during  the 
winter  had  been  20  feet  3  inches,  and  on  the  higher 
altitudes  around  it  was  known  to  have  been  vastly 
greater.  The  precipitation,  rain  and  snow,  from  No- 
vember 7,  1893,  to  March  31,  1894,  was  29.4  inches. 

As  the  season  advanced  these  difficulties  passed 
away  and  the  damage  was  repaired,  though  the  Coeur 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


d'Alene  cutoff  was  not  in  operation  until  late  in  July. 
The  second  week  in  August  all  the  Canyon  creek  mines, 
which  had  been  idle,  resumed  operations,  paying  $3.50 
per  diem  for  all  underground  workers.  -The  terms  of 
the  agreement  between  the  unions  and  the  mine  owners, 
under  which  the  work  was  begun,  were  thus  set  out 
in  writing: 

"The  present  maximum  wages  of  $3.50  per  day 
shall  be  paid  to  all  underground  men. 

"There  shall  be  no  discrimination  in  the  employ- 
ment of  men,  the  men  now  in  the  country  shall  have 
the  preference.  No  men  shall  be  imported  for  the 
purpose  of  working  in  the  mines. 

"The  men  who  lately  left  the  employment  of  the 
company,  who  were  objected  to,  shall  not  again  have 
employment  in  any  of  the  above  mines. 

"It  is  hereby  agreed  by  both  parties  hereto  that 
should  any  difference  arise  between  the  parties  hereto, 
that  the  same  shall  be  settled  by  arbitration. 

"It  is  the  desire  of  both  of  the  above  parties  that 
the  long  existing  differences  be  and  are  hereby  buried 
for  all  time ;  that  henceforth  both  parties  be'  friends 
and  work  for  the  mutual  benefit  of  both  parties." 

This  agreement  was  signed  by  the  Milwaukee  Min- 
ing Company,  the  Standard  Mining  Company,  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Mining  and  Concentrating  Company 
by  A.  B.  Campbell  and  A.  L.  Gross;  also 
by  Edward  Boyce,  president  central  executive  commit- 
tee Miners'  Union  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes. 

Notwithstanding  all  drawbacks,  it  is  claimed  that 
times  in  Shoshone  county  were  better  than  in  1893, 
and  it  is  certain  according  to  the  report  of  the  United 
States  assay  office  at  Boise  .the  production  of  mineral 
wealth  was  greater. 

The  year  1895  was,  however,  far  from  being  a  pros- 
perous one  in  the  lead-silver  district  of  Shoshone  coun- 
ty. The  price  of  lead  was  low.  The  union  in  most 
places  was  successful  in  maintaining  the  $3.50  schedule, 
though  there  was  much  trouble  between  the  labor  or- 
ganizations and  the  mine  owners,  rendering  production 
fitful  and  unsteady.  Where  a  community  is  depend- 
ing entirely  upon  one  industry,  it  can  be  easily  imag- 
ined what  the  effect  of  having  that  industry  paralyzed 
is.  All  business  must  become  stagnant;  all  energy  is 
fettered.  It  was  stated  that  the  price  of  living  became 
cheaper  during  the  summer  and  fall  than  was  ever 
before  known  in  the  camp. 

In  October,  1895,  there  was  a  slight  uneasiness  lest 
open  trouble  betwen  the  contending  forces  in  the  labor 
disputes  should  break  out.  A  dispatch  was  sent  to 
the  governor  saying  that  the  Hunter  mine  was  threat- 
ened. The  governor  telegraphed  the  sheriff  to  protect 
life  and  property  or  martial  law  would  be  declared. 
Fortunately  there  was  no  cause  of  alarm  and  the  sheriff 
after  visiting  ihe  scene,  so  advised  the  chief  executive! 

But  while  the  lead  mines  were  comparatively  quiet, 
the  gold  belt  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  was  making  sub- 
stantial progress.  "Without  noise,"  says  the  Sun, 
"mill  after  mill  has  been  erected  and  the  development 
work  has  kept  pace  with  the  increased  reduction  facili- 
ties. As  no  outside  capital  has  been  invested,  we  can 
lay  claim  to  superior  merit  for  our  prospects  and 


mines,  for  the  home  people  are  investing  from  ex- 
perience and  knowledge  of, their  surroundings.  From 
two  stamp  mills  two  years  ago  we  have  increased  t 
nine  and  one  in  course  of  construction.  The  1 
placers  lacked  water  during  the  year  and  did  not  ( 
so  well  as  in  previous  years,  but  this  admitted  of  some 
development  work  and  the  season  was  not  entirely  a 
blank.  The  low  placers  have  held  their  own.  Alto- 
gether our  people  should  feel  grateful  toward  : 
for  it  has  placed  the  gold  belt  on  the  road  to  success." 

The  year   1896  brought  brighter  prospects 
silver-lead   sections.      In  February  arrangements  1 
been  made  whereby  the  following  mills  were  either  i 
operation  or  soon  to  open:     Standard,  capacity   ' 
tons  of  crude  ore ;  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan,  800  t 
Last  Chance,   150  tons;  Stemwincler,  150  tons;  ( 
200  tons;  Helena-Frisco,  500  tons;  Tiger-Poc 
450  tons;  Morning,  300  tons;  Hunter,  150  tons, 
was  expected  that  the  output  of  the  year  would  exc< 
that  of  1891,  the  banner  year  in  the  history  of  the 
trict. 

Another  encouraging  feature  was  the  fact  that  on 
March  i8th  county  warrants  sold  at  par  for  the  first 
time,  it  is  said,  in  the  history  of  the  county.  It  was 
claimed  in  January,  1897,  that  the  county's  indebted- 
ness was  reduced,  during  1895  and  1896,  about  $25,000. 

The  encouraging  indications  in  the  early  months 
of  1896  did  not  prove  illusory,  for  the  mines  were 
operated  extensively  throughout  practically  the  whole 
of  the  year,  employing  from  nine  to  twelve  hundred 
men  steadily  at  an  average  daily  stipend  of  perhaps* 
$3.  The  price  of  lead  continued  low;  there  was  talk 
at  times  of  a  general  cessation  of  operations,  but  for- 
tunately no  such  thing  occurred.  In  December,  ac- 
cording to  the  Wallace  Press,  the  following  mines  were 
running  steadily:  At  Burke,  the  Standard  and  the 
Mammoth;  at  Gem,  the  Frisco;  at  Mullan,  the  Morn- 
ing and  the  Hunter ;  at  Wardner,  the  Bunker  Hill  and 
Sullivan,  Last  Chance  and  Stemwinder;  at  Murray, 
the  Idaho,  Daddy,  Golden  Chest  and  Yosemite.  "In 
a  smaller  way,"  continues  the  paper,  "we  find  the 
Hecla,  Gem,  Granite,  Joe  Dandy  and  Nellie,  all  under 
lease ;  and  in  addition  to  them  there  are  the  Tiger- 
Poorman,  Formosa,  Phoenix,  Black  Cloud  and  numer- 
ous others  with  small  forces  at  work." 

The  one  disaster  of  the  year  was  the  flood  of  No- 
vember, one  unprecedented  for  that  season.  The  even- 
ing of  the  1 5th,  Pri chard  creek  broke  over  the  north 
bank  in  the  upper  part  of  Murray  and  the  water  rushed 
down  Gold  street.  Early  next  morning  people  were 
warned  by  the  night  watchman  that  they  were  in  dan- 
ger, and  by  threeVclock  men  were  astir  with  lanterns 
in  the  intense  darkness  and  heavy  rains.  A  hard  fight 
was  necessary  to  save  the  Second  street  bridge.  Some 
other  bridges  were  swept  away  and  much  damage  was 
inflicted  upon  mining  property  and  that  stored  in  cel-^ 
lars. 

On  the  south  fork  the  loss  to  property  pwners  was- 
considerable.  Wallace  was  damaged  sixteen  or  seven- 
teen thousand  dollars,  the  small  farms  between  that 
point  and  the  lake  were  inundated,  roads  were  oblit- 
erated, bridges  swept  away,  railways  washed  out.  The 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Northern  Pacific  train  from  the  east  failed  to  reach 
Wallace  on  the  i6th,  though  it  got  as  far  as  Mullan, 
and  traffic  from  the  west  ceased  two  days  earlier. 

It  was  claimed  by  the  Sun  that  November,  1896, 
broke  three  records.  It  had  to  its  credit  the  greatest 
precipitation  of  any  month  since  the  settlement  of  the 
county,  11.12  inches;  the  lowest  temperature  for  the 
season  of  the  year  ever  experienced,  8  degrees  below 
zero ;  and  the  highest  water  ever  known. 

Ever  since  the  discovery  of  the  mines,  the  proposi- 
tion of  dividing  Shoshone  county  so  as  to  give  the 
southern  portion  autonomy  in  local  government  has 
been  agitated  in  some  form.  It  can  hardly  be  deniecr 
that  justice  and  equity  require  a  different  division  of 
the  territory  of  Northeastern  Idaho  than  now  obtains 
and  that  something  should  be  done  for  the  amelioration 
of  conditions  in  the  Weippe  and  Pierce  City  sections. 
None  have  deserved  better  at  the  hands  of  the  state 
government  than  these  people.  For  years  they  main- 
tained a  county  organization,  although  their  numbers 
were  so  few  and  the  revenue  so  meagre  that  the  bur- 
den was  a  grievous  one  and  could  not  have  been  borne 
had  not  the  county  officers  for  several  years  remitted 
half  of  their  legal  salaries.  Then  came  the  discovery 
of  the  mines,  the  removal  of  the  county  seat  and  the 
incurring  of  a  large  indebtedness,  a  proportionate  share 
of  which  the  southern  section  was  required  to  pay, 
though  it  was  incurred  solely  on  behalf  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  watershed.  "The  protracted  and  excessively 
costly  litigation  attending  the  development  of  the  Coeui 
cV'Alene  mines,  as  well  as  the  many  criminal  trials  in 
the  same  section,  ran  the  county  debt  up  enormously  in 
the  two  years  succeeding  the  discovery.  The  first  term 
of  the  district  court  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  was  held  at 
Eagle  City  in  July,  1884,  and  continued  six  weeks.  The 
docket  comprised  thirty-nine  civil  cases  and  the  grand 
jury  found  six  indictments  for  murder.  One  of  the 
latter,  the  State"  versus  Bernard,  for  killing  Enright, 
was  transferred  to  Lewiston  on  change  of  venue,  and 
cost  the  taxpayers  of  Shoshone  county  close  upon  $20,- 
ooo.  None  of  these  cases  originated  in  the  Pierce  City 
country.  In  the  general  election  of  1884  and  sub- 
sequently, county  commissioners  were  elected  who  in- 
augurated of  wagon  roads  throughout  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country  and  thus  very  largely  increased  the 
county's  debt  without  benefit  to  the  southern  half." 

It  was  natural  then  that  the  people  who  suffered 
by  the  existing  arrangement  should  keep  up  agitation 
for  their  relief,  but  the  matter  did  not  assume  definite 
form  until  1897.  In  the  spring  of  that  year  a  bill 
was  introduced  dividing  Shoshone  county  and  creating 
a  new  political  entity  by  the  name  of  Clearwater.  It 
passed  both  houses  of  the  legislature,  but  was  vetoed 
by  the  governor.  The  action  of  the  chief  executive 
was  heartily  condemned  not  alone  by  those  who  suffered 
through  it" but  by  the  fair-minded  and  justice-loving 
people  of  the  north. 

Two  unfortunate  events  transpired  during  the  year, 
no  doubt  arising  out  of  the  feeling  engendered  by  the 
labor  difficulties.  May  I4th,  about  i  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  a  number  of  masked  men  entered  the  bar- 
room of  the  Steele  hotel,  Mullan,  and  compelled  O.  S. 


Roof,  lessee  of  the  bar,  to  conduct  them  to  a  room  iti 
which  rifles  belonging  to  the  local  militia  company  were 
stored,  also  to  the  ammunition.  Next  day  Capt.  Link, 
of  Company  F,  residing  at  Wardner,  in  compliance  with 
tdegraphic  instructions  from  the  governor,  repaired 
to  Mullan  and  secured  such  guns  as  were  in  other  parts 
of  the  town.  He  said  the  stolen  guns  were  in  reality 
the  property  of  the  United  States.  The  number  of. 
men  engaged  in  the  robbery  is  said  to  have  been  six. 
to  the  identity  of  no  one  of  whom  has  any  clue  been 
found.  It  is  known  that  the  unfortunate  occurrence 
prevented  the  consummation  of  three  different  deals 
in  mining  property. 

The  second  event  which  stained  the  annals  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  in  1897  transpired  at  Gem  on  the  even- 
ing of  December  23d.  Just  at  Yuletide,  when  all  Chris- 
tendom was  singing  the  glad  gospel  of  "Peace  on  earth, 
good  will  to  men,"  foul  and  cowardly  assassins  to  the 
number  of  about  twenty  entered,  at  the  hour  of  nine 
in  the  evening,  or  later,  the  house  in  which  Fred  D. 
Whitney,  foreman  of  the  Frisco  mill,  was  rooming. 
They  proceeded  to  Whitney's  apartments,  forced  his 
companion,  Mr.  Weimar,  to  turn  his  face  to  the  wall, 
while  Whitney  arose  and  dressed,  then  compelled  Whit- 
ney to  accompany  them.  They  took  him  through  the 
town  of  Gem,  and  when  he  reached  the  outskirts  of 
the  village  he  probably  sought  to  escape  by  flight, 
whereupon  a  number  of  shots  were  fired  and  he  fell 
wounded.  He  was  discovered  a  little  later  by  a  man 
entering  the  town,  and  eventually  conveyed  to  Provi- 
dence hospital.  Examination  proved  that  he  had  been 
shot  through  the  right  thigh,  the  bullet  entering  from 
behind.  'The  limb  was  amputated ;  the  man  could  not 
stand  the  shock,  and  on  Christmas  day  he  died.  He 
was  a  member  in  good  standing  of  a  Montana  miners" 
union.  The  perpetrators  of  the  foul  deed  escaped  ar- 
rest and  punishment,  though  rewards  aggregating  $17,- 
ooo  were  offered  for  their  apprehension  and  convic- 
tion. 

In  the  mines  the  year  1897  was  one  of  progress  and 
prosperity,  as  appears  from  the  following  review  from 
the  Wallace  Press  of  December  29th : 

The  year  1897  now  drawing  to  a  close  has  been  a  most 
prosperous  one  for  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  few  regions  in  the 
world  showing  as  decided  a  move  forward  and  none  having 

present  rate  of  production  practically  one-half  of  the  lead 
product  of  the  United  States  comes  from  the  northern  end 
of  Shoshone  county,  and  the  gold,  silver  and  antimony  are 
worth  little,  if  any,  less  than  the  lead. 

beginning  of  1897,  although  the  greatest  strides  were  made 
during  the  year.  When  the  Tiger- Poorman  concentrator 
burned,  March  17,  1896,  it  looked  as  though  a  hard  blow 
was  struck  to  the  silver-lead  belt.  The  mine  was  already 
down  1,200  feet  and  was  the  most  expensive  one  in  the 
district  to  operate.  For  weeks  it  was  doubted  if  the  com- 
pany would  rebuild,  in  spite  of  assurances  that  it  would. 
When  work  did  begin  on  the  new  concentrator  larger  and 
better  than  the  old  one,  the  world  knew  that  the  people  wha 
knew  the  country  best  had  faith  in  it,  and  money  cautiously 

November,  a  foreign  syndicate  "sought  a  controlling  interest 
in  the  Helena-Frisco  at  a  price  approximating  $1,500,000,  we 
realized  that  better  times  were  coming,  although  there  could 
be  no  marked  change  until  spring  opened.  That  we  were 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


called. 

The  Helena-Frisco,  in  accordance  with  the  policy  of  thi 
new  owners,  closed  down  on  the  last  day  of  1896,  and  unti 
July  employed  from  60  to  100  men  doing  development  worl 
and  adding  new  machinery  and  additions  to  the  concentrator 
When  it  was  ready  to  start  it  had  one  of  the  finest  plant: 
ever  erected,  to  which  further  additions  have  since  been 
made.  Since  starting  it  has  run  steadily,  averaging  about 
100  tons  of  concentrates  daily,  requiring  the  labor  of  150 

The  Standard  has  had  its  output  reduced  by  serious 

head  of  the  Coeur  d'AIene  mines  in  the  value  of  its  product. 

employing  two-thirds  that  number. 

The  Mammoth  employs  80  men.  During  the  summer  the 
company. leased  the  old  Milwaukee  mill  and  doubled  its  out- 
put. It  is  still  shipping  a  large  percentage  of  crude  ore,  con- 
centrated by  nature 

The  Tiger- Poorman  did  not  start  its  mill  until  nearly  the 
end  of  1896,  since  which  time  it  has  been  operated  continu- 
ously. One  hundred  and  forty  men  are  employed  in  turning 
out  from  60  to  75  tons  of  concentrates  daily. 

The    Formosa   company    completed    its    new   mill    in    the 

turned  out.  Considerable  trouble  was  experienced  with  the 
machinery.  The  company  was  organized  late  in  the  summer 
and  a  new  tunnel  started  at  the  mill  level.  The  mill  has 
been  shut  down  until  next  winter. 

steadily  on  the  Hecla 


e  been 


and   Nine   Mile  district,  the   property  c 


ctivity  in  the  Sun 


proceeds  vigorously  on  the  Colwyn  group,  now  owned  by  the 
Lenox  Lead  and  Silver  Mining  Company,  the  Father  lode,  the 
Chloride  Queen  Mining  Company's  claims,  Amazon,  Man- 
hattan Fraction,  Blue  Grouse,  Cusler,  Granite,  Black  Cloud, 
which  was  sold  during  the  fall  to  E.  S.  McGraw,  of  New 
York  state,  Atlantic  claims,  Yellow  Jacket,  Panhandle  and 


null,    i 


contim 
tons,  of  con 
o  to  250 


utput   i 


2,500  to  3,000 
oll  carries  from 


The  pay  roll 

doing  development  work  and  a  new  mill  will  be  built  early 
in   the   spring. 

At  Wardner  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  has  run  stead- 
ily during  the  year,  except  a  short  shut-down  of  two  weeks 
in  August,  employing  between  300  and  400  men.  About 
$300,000  has  been  spent  in  improvements,  chief  among  which 
is  the  largest  air  compressor  plant  in  the  Northwest.  The 
Last  Chance  has  from  TOO  to  125  men  working  steadily.  An 
important  event  this  year  was  the  bonding  of  the  Nabob  Min- 


ploying  20  men. 

The  gold  belt  was  not  behind  in  the  march  of  progress. 
Old  properties  were  successful  and  new  ones  came  to  the 

mills  were  added,  particularly  at  the  opening  of  the  galena 
belt  at  the  head  of  Prichard  creek.  The  tonnage  was  greatly 
increased  and  before  long  the  canyons  of  the  north  side  will 
echo  to  the  locomotive. 

The  year  1898  was  one  of  uninterrupted  prosperity 
in  the  Coeur  d'AIene  mining  country,  and  in  all  other 
parts  of  the  county.  From  official  and  semi-official 
sources  the  Wallace'  Press  compiled  the  following  sta- 


tistics of  outputs  of  the  silver-lead  district,  the  figures 
representing  tons  of  concentrates,  except  where  other- 
wise stated  :  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Mining  &-  Milling 
Company,  26,400;  Helena-Frisco  Mining  Company, 
22,550;  Morning  Mining  Company,  16,280;  Consoli- 
dated Tiger- Poorman  Mining  Company,  15,350;  Stand- 
ard Mining  Company,  13,460;  Empire  State-Ida!- ~ 
0,650;  Mammoth  Mining  Company,  7,000;  Milwa 
Mining  Company  (lessees),  850;  Hecla  Mining  ( 
pany,  300;  Blake  Brothers,  at  Osburn,  ore,  100;  ( 
wyn  Mining  Company,  ore,  60;  miscellaneous,  en 
ere  and  concentrates,  500.  Figuring  60  per  cent.  1 
and  35  ounces  of  silver  a  ton,  the  Press  estimates  t 
value  of  this  product  at  $12,400,000,  one-fourth  of 
which  went  to  labor,  one-fourth  for  freights  and 
smelter  charges,  one-fourth  for  supplies  and  develop- 
ments and  most  of  the  remainder  to  stockholders. 

The  outbreak  of  the  Spanish-American  war  was 
the  occasion  for  an  ebullition  of  patriotic  fervor  in 
Shoshone  county,  as  elsewhere,  and  the  sons  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  were  ready  and  anxious  to  bear  their 
part  in  the  conquering  to  their  country  of  a  glorious 
peace.  The  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Mining  Company 
encouraged  enlistment  among  its  employes  by  giving 
each  one  who  enrolled  for  service  under 'the  Stars  and 
Stripes  $100  in  money  and  assurances  of  employment 
on  his  return.  The  roster  of  Company  F,  made  up  al- 
most entirely  of  Shoshone  county  men,  is  as  follow 

Company  F.— Officers ;  M.  J.  Link,  captain  ;  Edgar 
T.  Hawley,  first  lieutenant;  Isaac  M.  Busby,  second 
lieutenant;  Alfred  J.  Dunn,  first  sergeant;  A.  H.  Rom- 
bo,  quarter-master-scrgeant;  Louis  H.  Pohle,  Thomas 
Proctor,  Abel  R.  Knight,  Arthur  Brown,  sergeants; 
William  S.  Smith,  Louis  B.  Beach,  Ira  S.  Milton,  Will- 
iam A.  Walker,  Bernard  Maxwell,  John  H.  Reed,  Fred 
C.  Skinner,  corporals:  William  J.  Buckley,  musicia 
William  G.  Kuch,  artificer :  Gus  Becker,  wagoner. 

Privates:  Charles  Banky,  John  C.  Bargfield,  Al- 
bert Burke,  Amos  D.  Burrows,  Fred  C.  Conklin,  Will- 


Peter  Ghigliere,   I 
er,  Hugh  Hutchins 


L.  W.  Griaff,  Charles  Hartinger,  Hugh  Hutchinson, 
Felix  Keenan,  M.  W.  Koskela,  Enoch  S.  Koth,  Charles 
S.  Lamb,  Paul  T.  Larsen,  Robert  Lent,  Henry  Levy, 
William  H.  Luddy,  G.  Mayland,  Napoleon  Mattel,  F. 
Manson,  Archie  McDonald,  Edward  H.  Parks,  John 
H.  Reynolds,  Henry  R.  Snider,  Bruce  Southern,  Alex- 
ander Steadman,  Neil  Strom,  Marcus  B.  White,  Frank 
E.  Wood,  Fred  Worley,  Ugile  Young. 

Discharged  :  William  J.  Kipp,  first  lieutenant,  July 
ji,  1899;  Peter  R.  Nelson,  July  30,  1899;  Orin  Smith, 
corporal,  July  28,  1899;  Stanley  Hills,  musician,  July, 
28,  1899;  John  Anderson,  July  23,  1899:  Mead  Barr, 
November  8,  1898;  George  Babcock,  July  15,  1899; 
Frank  Bennefield,  July  —  ,  1899  ;  Orville"  V.  Brown, 
July  12,  1899;  Morris  Carlson,  July  15,  1899;  Tasper 
D.  Carter,  July  —  ,  1899  ',  Charles  C.  Chambers,  July 
S,  1899;  Thomas  Clagett,  July  29,  1899;  Beinard  Dil- 
lon, December  28,  1898;  Charles  Gabriel.  July  29, 
1899:  George  Lester,  July  27,  1899;  T.  B.  Lotmey, 
October  23,  1898;  John  C.  McBride,  December  14, 
1898;  David  McEwen,  July  15,  1899;  William  H. 
Moss,  September  21,  1898;  William  Munson,  January 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


25,  1899;  James  Patterson,  July  29,  1899;  Robert  Per- 
cival,  —  ;  Isaac  Peterson,  July  15,  1899;  Will- 
lam  Siebert,  July  15,  1899;  lames  Whalen,  April  23, 
1899;  Eugene  E.  White,  July  — ,  1899. 

Transferred:  William  C.  Field,  to  hospital  corps; 
Harry  Hood,  to  hospital  corps;  Isaac  Troutman.  to 
hospital  corps. 

Wounded:  Louis  B.  Beach,  in  action,  February 
5,  1899;  Hugh  Hutchinson,  in  action,  June  6,  1899; 
Enoch  S.  Koth,  in  action,  February  5,  1899;  Charles 
S.  Lamb,  in  action,  February  24,  1899. 

Dead :  William  D.  Gillespie,  quartermaster  ser- 
geant, Manila,  P.  I.,  December  i,  1898;  Charles  F. 
O'Donnell,  musician,  Manila,  P.  I.,  October  15,  1898; 
Adolph  Agidius,  Manila,  P.  I.,  February  23,  1899; 
William  Beaushene,  Manila,  July  24,  1899. 

Organized  at  Wardner,  Shoshone  county,  Idaho; 
mustered  into  United  States  service  at  Camp  Steven- 
son, Boise,  Idaho,  May  7,  1898. 

Battles  and  engagements :  With  Spanish  forces, 
assault  and  capture  of  Manila,  August  13,  1898;  with 
Filipino  insurgents,  Santa  Ana,  February  4-5,  1899; 
Caloocan,  February  10,  1899;  Malabon  Road,  Febru- 
ary II,  1899:  Santa  Cruz  expedition,  April  8-17,  1899, 
including  engagement  in  front  of  the  city,  April  gti\, 
and  battle  of  Santa  Cruz,  April  loth. 

Mustered  out  of  service  at  the  Presidio,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  September  25,  1899. 

During  the  early  months  of  1899  all  the  indications 
pointed  toward  a  season  of  unusual  prosperity  in  the 
south  fork  mines,  but  in  April  clouds  began  to  gather, 
and  before  the  month  was  past  an  event  occurred  which 
greatly  disturbed  conditions,  materially  reducing  the 
output  of  the  mines  for  the  year.  It  cannot  be  denied 
that  ever  since  the  trouble  in  1892  a  fight  was  waged 
between  union  and  non-union  labor,  and  that  either  as 
incidents  of  that  struggle  or  on  account  of  the  bitter- 
ness engendered-by  it  in  the  minds  of  hot-headed  and 
•evil-disposed  individuals,  several  outrages  were  c»m- 
mitted,  one  of  the  most  heinous  of  which  was  the  mur- 
der of  John  Kneebone,  on  July  3,  1894,  and  the  ex- 
pulsion from  the  country  of  Superintendent  R.  K.  Neil, 
Foreman  Crumer,  Frank  Higgins  and  Charles  West. 
It  is  claimed  that  some  forty  men  participated  in  this 
crime. 

This  trouble  was  brought  to  a  crisis  when,  on  April 
23,  a  demand  was  made  upon  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sulli- 
van Company  by  a  committee  representing  the  Wardner 
miners'  union  that  wages  should  be  increased  to  $3.50 
for  al}  underground  men  and  that  the  union  should  be 
recognized.  Frederick  Burbige,  manager  of  the  com- 
pany, to  whom  this  committee  applied,  said  he  would 
submit  the  matter  to  other  officers  of  the  company.  The 
company  agreed  to  increase  the  wages  of  all  laborers 
from  $2.50  to  $3  and  of  miners  from  $3  to  $3.50  a 
•day,  but  the  union  men  nevertheless  went  out  on  a 
strike.  On  the  26th  the  company's  tramway  was  in  the 
hands  of  a  body  of  armed  men  from  10  o'clock  in  the 
morning  to  10  o'clock  in  the  evening.  It  was  testified 
to  afterward  in  the  trial  of  Paul  Corcoran  that  men  on 
their  way  to  work  were  at  different  times  stopped  and 
turned  back  after  the  strike  had  been  declared. 


In  the  same  trial  it  was  also  testified  that  masked 
men  took  possession  at  Gem  of  the  train  from  Burke 
on  April  29th;  that  they  compelled  the  engineer  to 
back  the  train  to  the  Frisco  powder  house,  where  sixty 
or  seventy-five  boxes  of  giant  powder  were  loaded  in 
one  of  the  box  cars.  The  train  then  went  to  Wallace. 
Failing  to  get  running  orders  there  it  went  on  to  Ward- 
ner anyway,  going  over  the  O.  R.  &  N.  tracks.  It  was 
testified  that  a  number  of  men  from  Mullan  got  on 
the  train  at  Wallace,  also  that  a  number  from  Wardner 
met  the  train  a  mile  put  from  that  town  and  boarded 
it,  the  engineer  having  been  ordered  to  stop  for  them. 
It  was  estimated  that  by  the  time  these  men  reached 
the  Bunker  Hill  mill  there  were  about  a  thousand  of 
them,  three  hundred  of  whom  were  masked  and  armed. 
In  a  few  minutes  several  hundred  pounds  of  powder 
were  placed  under  the  mill  and  it  was  completely  de- 
stroyed. Witnesses  say  there  were  three  distinct  ex- 
plosions. 

''After  the  terrific  shock  of  the  last  explosion  had 
died  away  in  the  distant  mountains,"  says  the  Idaho 
State  Tribune,  "an  ominous  stillness  of  a' few  minutes 
followed.  The  delegation  from  Canyon  creek  and  Mul- 
lan, together  with  a  large  portion  of  the  people  from 
Wardner,  were  either  on  or  about  the  train,  which  con- 
sisted of  nine  cars  and  two  engines.  Winchesters  and 
revolvers  were  everywhere  in  evidence.  The  silence 
was  broken  by  a  single  shot  from  a  Winchester  from 
some  person  on  top  of  the  cars,  followed  b"  a  deafen- 
ing fusillade.  For  five  minutes  the  rattle  of  musketry 
was  incessant.  It  was  evident,  however,  from  the  be-  ' 
ginning  of  the  firing  that  no  harm  was  intended ;  that 
the  men  were  simply  celebrating  the  victory  they  had 
secured  in  the  destruction  of  the  Bunker  Hill  concen- 
trator. In  the  midst  of  the  firing  the  engines  gave  the 
starting  signal  and  the  train  moved  slowly  toward 
Wallace,  but  when  about  one-half  mile  from  Wardner 
was  stopped,  it  being  claimed  that  75  of  the  Canyon 
creek  and  Mullan  delegation  were  left  at  Wardner. 
The  train  slowly  backed  down  to  the  depot  again,  and 
quite  a  few  more  boarded  the  cars,  when  it  proceeded 
on  its  way  to  Wallace." 

During  the  excitement  subsequent  to  the  blowing 
up  of  the  mill,  John  Smythe,  a  miner  at  the  Frisco 
mine,  was  shot  and  killed ;  James  Cheyne,  a  vanner  at 
the  Bunker  Hill  mill,  was  shot  through  the  hip  so  that 
he  afterward  died,  and  R.  R.  Rogers,  stenographer  for 
the  Bunker  Hill  Company,  was  wounded.  It  has  been 
claimed  that  Smythe  was  killed  purposely  by  union 
men  because  he  was  suspected  of  being  a  traitor  and 
spy ;  and  it  was  on  a  charge  of  having  murdered 
Cheyne  that  Paul  Corcoran  was  tried  in  the  district 
court  of  Shoshone  county.  Incidentally  it  may  be 
stated  that  the  trial  resulted  in  a  conviction  of  murder 
in  the  second  degree,  and  that  Corcoran  was  sentenced 
to  seventeen  years'  imprisonment  in  the  state  peni- 


upon  these 
•ealed  to  the 


tentia  . 

Of  course  martial  law  followed  close  upon  these 
warlike  events.  The  governor  at  once  appeal 
president  to  call  forth  the  military  forces  of  the  United" 
States  to  assist  in  establishing  and  maintaining  order. 
The  request  was  complied  with  and  General  Merriam, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


then  at  Denver,  Colorado,  ordered  to  the  scene.  Nu- 
merous arrests  were  made  and  the  large  body  of  pris- 
oners taken  into  custody  on  suspicion  of  being  impli- 
cated in  the  blowing  up  of  the  Bunker  Hill  mill 
were  confined  in  a  temporary  prison  which  later  be- 
came popularly  known  as  the  "bull  pen."  All  who 
were  merely  charged  with  minor  offenses  were  in  time 
released,  the  county  deeming  itself  unable  to  individually 
try  so  many  different  persons,  and  most  of  those 
cnarged  with  major  offenses  escaped  and  could  not 
again  be  apprehended.  Paul  Corcoran,  however,  was 
tried  for  murder,  of  which  he  was  convicted  in  the  sec- 
ond degree,  as  heretofore  stated.  He  has  since  been 
pardoned. 

So  many  bitter  complaints  were  made  against  the 
soldiers  under  General  Merriam,  the  treatment  of  the 
prisoners,  and  the  actions  of  both  state  and  federal 
officers,  that  January  8,  1900,  an  amended  resolution 
was  passed  in  the  national  congress  referring  the  mat- 
ter to  the  full  investigation  of  the  committee  on  Mili- 
tary Affairs.  As  this  resolution  furnishes  a  concise 
outline  of  the  various  charges  and  complaints,  it  is 
here  set  forth  in  extenso: 

bv  the  public  press  and  charged  by  the  industrial  organization 
known  as  the  Western  Federation  of  Miners  that  United 
States  troops  have  been  sent  into  the  state  of  Idaho  in  de- 
fiance of  and  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  Article  IV,  section 
4,  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  in  that  it  was 
done  at  the  individual  request  of  the  governor  of  Idaho, 
without  the  authority  of  the  legislature,  and  at  a  time  when 

the  legislature  could  have  been  called  together  without  danger 
or  delay  from  any  source  whatever;  and,  further,  without 
even  consultation  by  the  governor  with  the  sheriff  of  Shoshone 
s  desired  that  the  troops  should  be,  and 


Whereas,  in  defiar 


rticle   I,  of  the  con- 
e  of  profound  peace, 


corpus  suspended  in  said  county 

when  there  was  no  condition  or  reoeinon  or  invasion  or  any 

menace   to   the  public   safety ;   and 

Whereas,  it  is  charged  that   Brig.   Gen.   H.   C.   Merriam, 

imprisoned  hundreds  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  of 
the  state  of  Idaho,  and  held  them  prisoners  under  the  most 
brutal  and  tyrannical  conditions,  denying  to  them  their  con- 
stitutional right  to  speedy  trial  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the 

Whereas  it  is  charged  that  the  said  Brig.  Gen.'  H.  C. 
Merriam  did,  in  defiance  of  and  contrary  to  the  provisions 
of  the  fourth  amendment  of  the  constitution,  subject  the 
persons,  houses,  papers  and  effe 
and  arbitrary  search  and  seizui  .  

Whereas  it  is  charged  that  the  said  military  commander 

missioners,  and  subsequently  deposed  them  fi 
unproved  pretext  of  neglect  of  duty;  and 
Whereas    it   is   charged   that   the   said    I 


thize  with  the  cause  of  organized  labor ;  and 

Whereas  it  is  charged  that  those  citizens  were  impriso 
in  what  was  known  as  the  "bull  pen,"  a  place  unfit  for  hur 
habitation,  and  that  so  brutal  and  degrading  was  the  tr< 


;nt  inflicted  on  these  prisoners  by  Brigadier-General   Mer- 
im  and  the  United  States  troops  under  his  orders  that  one 

unty  iail  he  broke  from  his  guards  and  jumped  into  the 
_./er,  and  a  negro  soldier,  at  the  command  of  the  Bunker  Hill 
Mining  Company's  doctor,  fired  three  shots  at  him,  and  he 
vas  dragged  from  the  river  dead,  and  that  another  unfortu- 

ind  his  dying  request  was  denied;  and 

Whereas  the  imprisoned  citizens  were  denied  opportunity 

.nd  were  denied  the  right  of  speedy  and  impartial  trial,  were 

nonths  without  charge  or  indictment  against  them,  although 
wo  sessions  of  the  grand  jury  were  held  in  the  meantime, 
ind  during  their  confinement  were  treated  by  the  officers  and 
soldiers  of  the  United  States  army  as  convicted  felons  and 

cruel  and  degrading  punishments,  such  as  being  compelled  to 

sleep  on  bare  boards,  placed  on  a  diet  of  bread  and  water  for 

days,  and  compelled  to  stand  erect'  seven  hours  each  day 

:he   hot  sun  under  penalty  of  death  if  they  attempted  to 

e  inflicted  upon  them  by  the  orders  of  Captain  Edwards, 
United  States  army,  who  amused  himself  by  calling  the  pris- 

Whereas  it  is  charged  that  by  the  use  of  the  military 
power  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  was  suspended  for  months 
in  Shoshone  county,  and  the  right  of  free  speech,  free  press 
and  peaceable  assemblages  were  denied  to  the  peaceable  citi- 
zens of  that  community  without  any  excuse  or  justification 
whatever;  and 

Whereas  when  the  Industrial  Commission  sat  in  Wallace 
all  union  men  who  had  long  been  residents  of  the  county  were 

commission ;  others  were  arrested  while  on  their  way  to  Wal- 
lace to  appear  before  the  commission;  and  thrown  into  the 

Whereas  it  is  charged  that  the  following  proclamation^ 
in  gross  violation  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States 

issued  and  enforced  by  Brigadier-General  Merriam,  to-wit : 


tate   authorities,   by   whom    martial   law   has   been   declared, 

'"To  the  mine  owners  of  Shoshone  county: 
"  'Certain  organizations  or  combinations  existing  in  Sho- 
hone  county  have  shown  themselves  to  be  criminal  in  purpose, 
nciting  and,   as  organizations,  procuring  property  to  be   de- 
royed  and  murders  to  be  committed,  by  reason  whereof  it 


s  been  t 


a  declar 


IT  in  Shoshone 


tion  is  not  observed  your  mines  will  be  closed.' 

"Therefore,  in  order  to  carry  into  effect  the  spirit  of  the 
foregoing  notice  and  restore  the  industries  of  the  district 
as  far  as  possible,  it  becomes  necessary  to  establish  a  system 
by  which  miners  who  have  not  participated  in  the  recent  acts 
of  violence,  and  who  are  law-abiding  people,  may  obtain  work, 

ployers   in   the   affected   district: 

"  "All  parties  applying  for  underground  work  in  any  of  the 

France,  the  duly  appointed  anl  authorized  agent  for  the  state 
of  Idaho  for  this  purpose,  or  his  deputy,  at  Wardner  or  at 

ment  in'any  of  the  following  mines:  Bunker  Hill  and  Sulli- 
van, Last  Chance,  Empire  State-Idaho.  Consolidated  Tiger 
and  Poorman,  Hecla.  Mammoth.  Standard.  Helena-Frisco, 
Gem,  Morning,  Hunter,  and  such  others  as  may  be  hereafter 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


included  in  the  above  list.  Parties  applying  for  such  permits 
must  be  prepared :  First,  to  deny  all  participation  in  the 
riots  of  April  29,  1899,  in  Shoshone  county,  and,  second,  to 

cited,  encouraged  or  approved  of  said  riots  or  other  violation 
of  public  law. 

for  underground  work  who  do  not  present  a  duly  signed  per- 
mit authorizing  the  same.  Such  permit  will  be  deposited  in 

"All  parties  now  under  employment  by  any  of  the  mines 


fro 


:   of  thei 


espectiv 


sved: 


.    Stat 


"H.  C.  MERRIAM. 
Brigadier-General  United  States  Anny. 
"Dated  May  8,  1809. 

"The  application   for  permits  to  seek  employment  which 
union  men  must  sign  is  as  follows : 

"'Application    For    Leave    to    Seek    Employment    in    the 
Mines  of  Shoshone  County. 

"  To  Dr.  Hugh  France,  State  Representative. 
"  'Sir :     I  hereby  make  application  for  issuance  to  me  of 
a  permit   allowing  me   to   seek  employment   in  the   mines   of 
Shoshone  county. 

by 


of  the  United  States. 
"  ' 


"  'I  did  not  participate  actively  or  otherwise  in  the  riots 
which  took  place  at  Wardner  on  the  29th  of  April,  1899. 
Believing  that  the  crimes  committed  at  Wardner  on  said 


unions  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  I  hereby 
fied  disapproval  of  said  acts,  and  hereby 
abjure  all  allegia 


my  unquali- 
and  forever 
aojure  an   allegiance  to  tne  saia  miners    union,  of  which  I 

the  law  and  not  to  again  seek  membership  in  any  society  which 


"  'Dated  this 


Dr.  Hugh  France,  State  Representa 

I  heieby  make  application  for  issv 

illowintf  me  to   seek  employment   in 


of  the  United   States. 

"  'I  last  worked  at  the  n 

'"Mv  shift  boss  was 

'"I  have  not  been  for y 

"  'I  took  no  part,  cither  actively 
t  Wardn''  "" 


"At  this  writing  no  union  n 
the  county:  the  meetings  of  t 
hibited;"  and 

Whereas  it  is  charged  that 
great  portion  of  the  male  citize 
thus  unlawfully  held  in  imprisc 
troops  the  wives  and  families  o 


jected  to   insult  and  outrage  by  the  soldiers  of  the  United 

tes  stationed  in  that  county  ;'  and 
Whereas  it  is  charged  that  the  outrageous  misuse  of  the 

itary  power  of  the  United  States,  hereinbefore  mentioned, 
brought  about  at  the  instigation  and  in  the  interest  of  the 
ers  of  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  mines,  who,  it  is 

" 


and 


by  the  United  States  army  and  its  officers,  are  an  intolerable 
abuse  of  the  right  of  citizens  and  a  dire  menace  to  the  perpe- 


on    Military   Affairs    for   a   thorough   and 


After  an  investigation  lasting  from  February  20, 
1900,  to  May  8,  1900,  in  the  course  of  which  thirty- 
five  sworn  witnesses  gave  testimony  and  various  docu- 
ments and  exhibits  wene  examined,  the  committee  to 
which  the  resolutions  were  referred  prepared  an  ex- 
haustive report.  It  reviewed  each  charge  in  the  reso- 
lution, and  its  findings  in  brief  were  that  none  of  the 
"whereases"  were  sustained  by  the  evidence.  It  is 
but  fair  to  state,  however,  that  a  minority  report  was 
signed  by  seven  members  of  the  committee,  namely: 
William  Sulzer,  John  L.  Lentz,  N.  N.  Cox,  James  Hay, 
Thomas  M.  Jett,  James  L.  Slayden  and  Robert  F. 
Broussard,  condemning  the  actions  of  the  governor, 
the  president  and  General  Merriam  as  in  violation  of 
the  rights  of  free  American  citizens,  complaining  that 
persons  were  imprisoned  without  being  charged  with 
any  crime,  and  recommending  the  adoption  of  the  fol- 
lowing resolution  : 

"Resolved  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  That 
the  conduct  of  the  president  and  of  the  military  forces 
of  the  United  States  in  Shoshone  county,  Idaho,  has 
been  reprehensible,  violative  of  the  liberty  of  the  citi- 
zen, and  totally  unwarranted  by  the  laws  and  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States/' 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  disturbance  of  condi- 
tions incident  to  the  blowing  up  of  the  mine  and  the 
imprisonment  for  months  of  a  large  number  of  men 
had  its  deterrent  effect  upon  production,  and  that  the 
figures  of  the  United  States  assay  office  at  Boise  were 
not  as  favorable  to  Shoshone  county  as  the  year  be- 
fore. However,  the  district  recovered  itself  with  rap- 
idity and  enjoyed  a  goodly  measure  of  prosperity  not- 
withstanding this  great  misfortune.  The  leaders  of  the 
disturbance  were  compelled  to  scatter  to  different  parts 
of  the  United  States,  leaving  the  Coeur  d'Alene  coun- 
try, and  as  the  danger  of  trouble  between  employer  and 
employe  has  been  greatly  lessened  by  their  departure, 
the  district  is  in  a  fair  way  to  speedily  make  up  for 
losses  sustained.  It  is  to  be  hoped,  and  perhaps  -may 
be  reasonably  expected,  that  the  present  harmonious 
conditions  in"  the  district  shall  continue,  and  that  never 
again  shall  the  occasion  arise  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes 
for  warfare  between  labor  and  capital—  warfare  which, 
from  the  nature  of  things,  must  prove  disastrous  to  the 
interests  of  both  belligerents.  The  effect  of  peace  was 
shown  in  the  production  of  the  year  lyoo,  which,  ac- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


cording  to  estimates  probably  correct,  amounted  to 
$11,500,000,  as  against  $6,500,00  the  preceding  year. 
The  author  of  this  estimate,  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Mining 
Journal,  divides  credit  for  this  output  among  the  dif- 
ferentf  mines,  as  follows:  Bunker  Hill,  $1,750,000; 
Standard.  $1,600,000;  Morning,  $1,600,000;  Frisco, 
$1,350,0000;  Tiger-Poorman,  $1,350,000;  Empire 
State,  $1,250,000;  Mammoth,  $1,000,000;  Hunter, 
$525,000:  Hecla,  $500,000;  Crown  Point  and  Silver 
King,  $300,000;  Sixteen  to  One,  $150,000;  north  gold 
belt  mines,  $125,000. 

Speaking  of  conditions  in  the  north  fork  country, 
the  Murray  Sun  of  January  5,  1901,  says: 

"The  chief  industrial  feature  of  the  county  during 
the  year  1900  was  the  absorption  of  nearly  all  the  placer 
ground  on  Prichard  creek  and  its  tributaries  by  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Mining  Company,  and  the  full  payment 
for  all  the  claims.  Perhaps  nowhere  else  in  the  his- 
tory of  mining  has  a  deal  been  perfected  which  em- 
braced so  many  owners,  or  which  distributed  such  large 
sums  to  so  many  persons.  Many  of  the  claims  had  from 
two  to  six  owners,  and  these  in  the  aggregate  must 
have  footed  up  several  hundred.  Barry  N.  Hillard,  the 
company's  manager,  accomplished  a  tremendous  under- 
taking in  bringing  all  of  these  claim  owners  to  an  har- 

mated.  and  he  did  it  in  an  incredibly  short  time. 

"The  large  payments  periodically,  there  being  four 
payments,  and  the  gradual  release  of  individual  owner- 
ship, changed  the  entire  financial  and  industrial  situa- 
tion. Old  debts  were  paid,  and  money  became  abun- 
dant, -while  all  those  who  desired  work,  secured  it  at 
ruling  wages. 

"The  company,  with  remarkable  energy,  under  the 
general  local  management  of  Mr.  Hillard,  installed  a 
hydraulic  elevator,  put  surveyors  in  the  field,  bought 
and  located  water  rights,  commenced  the  construction 
of  ditches  and  flumes,  repaired  the  huge  pipe  line,  built 
trails  and  roads,  put  in  a  sawmill,  started  bedrock 
drains,  built  a  new  creek  channel  and  allowed  not  an 
hour  to  go  to  waste.  What  would  never  have  been 
accomplished  by  individual  effort  is  now  being  done  by 
the  company.  The  progress  already  made  justifies  the 
belief  that  placer  mining  on  the  most  extended  scale 
may  soon  be  expected.  This  prosperity  will  be  further 
enhanced  by  the  splendid  gold  quartz  prospects  and  the 
developments  in  our  silver-lead  and  copper  districts." 

Throughout  the  entire  year  iqoi  quiet  prevailed 
and  steadily  the  mines  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  poured 
forth  their  wealth.  Political  interest  this  year  centered 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  which  had  con- 
tinued to  work  for  segregation  and  the  formation  of  a 
new  county.  The  people  of  the  north  did  not  oppose 
their  wishes-  on  the  contrary  they  were  favorable  to 
the  organization  of  a  new  political  entity,  but  there  was 
some  opposition  from  Nez  Perces  county,  a  portion 
of  whose  territory  it  was  sought  to  take.  Much  of  the 
history  of  the  short-lived  Clearwater  county,  the  pass- 
age of  the  bill  intended  to  create  it  and  the  litigation 
which  resulted  in  this  bill's  being  held  unconstitutional 
has  been  detailed  in  connection  with  the  history  of  Nez 
Perces  county,  included  in  this  work.  Before  the  fatal 


supreme  court  decision  was  rendered  the  county  was 

fifteen  days,  was  held.  The  board  adjourned  May  I5th 
to  meet  again  the  2Oth  of  the  same  month,  but  the 
second  session  was  never  held  on  account  of  the  ad- 
verse decision  referred,  to. 

A  noteworthy  event  of  the  year  1901  was  the  exe- 
cution at  Boise  of  Edward  Rice,  convicted  in  a  Sho- 
shone  county  court  of  murder  in  the  first  degree.  The 
crime  for  which  he  suffered  the  supreme  penalty  was 
the  murder  of  Matthew  Mailley,  at  Wallace,  Septem- 
ber 3oth  of  the  previous  year.  The  motive  was  a  base 
one,  and  the  evidence,  though  circumstantial,  was  so 
clear  that  the  jury  found  a  verdict  in  thirteen  minutes. 
By  appeals,  the  condemned  man's  attorneys  delayed 
his  execution  more  than  a  year.  He  was  hanged  No- 
vember 30th.  There  have  been  numerous  homicides 
in  Shoshone  county,  but  this  was  the  first  and  only  in- 
stance where  a  man  convicted  of  such  crime  suffered 
death.  Many  of  those  accused  of  taking  human  life 
have  been  exonerated  on  the  plea  of  self-defense,  some 
have  been  sent  to  the  penitentiary,  and  one  escaped 
execution  because  death  claimed  him  before  the  date 
set. 

The  annals  of  the  year  were  darkened  by  a  foul 
murder  at  Mace  on  November  nth,  when  Eugene 
Klein,  time  keeper  at  the  Standard,  came  to  his  death 
at  the  hands  of  C.  E.  Shuff,  a  miner,  who  had  been 
;n  the  employ  of  the  company  but  was  laid  off.  Shuff 
came  armed  to  the  office  of  his  victim  and  demanded 
a  time  check.  Henry  Lippert,  who  was  with  Klein 
at  the  time  of  Shuff's  entrance,  was  forced  to  leave 
the  room.  As  he  retired  he  heard  a  shot  and  a  scream. 
Forthwith  Shuff  passed  him  in  retreat,  using  some 
threatening  language.  Lipper.t  informed  Superinten- 
aent  Moffitt  of  the  shooting ;  the  latter  gathered  a  posse 
and  set  put  in  pursuit,  eventually  capturing  the  fugi- 
tive. 

It  was  found  on  investigation  that  Klein  had  been 
shot  in  the  back,  the  ball  striking  the  lower  part  of  the 
shoulder  blade  and  emerging  under  the  right  nipple. 
He  never  regained  consciousness,  though  he  survived 
a  short  time. 

Shuff,  who  was  a  Missourian,  about  twenty-four 
years  old,  was  tried  in  April,  1902,  convicted  of  mur- 
der in  the  first  degree  and  sentenced  to  death  on  June 
24th.  He  took  an  appeal,  however,  and  by  dilatory 
proceedings  has  prolonged  his  life  to  the  present, 
though  he  is  still  in  custody. 

The  second  month  of  the  year  1902  brought  one  of 
the  worst  disasters  of  its  kind  in  the  history  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene.  About  three  o'clock  on  the  morning 
of  the  25th  of  February,  the  large  two  and  a  half 
story  frame  structure  on  Canyon  creek,  belonging  to 
Milton  Flohr.  H.  R.  Allen,  and  the  White  & 
Bender  Company,  and  known  as  the  Standard  boarding 
and  lodging  houses,  were  destroyed  by  fire.  The  resi- 
dence of  William  Fletcher  was  also  a  total  loss,  having 
been  blown  up  by  dynamite  to  prevent  the  flames  from 
reaching  the  Standard  works.  It  is  thought  the  fire 
started  in  the  men's  drying  room  of  the  lodging  house. 
It  spread  with  great  rapidity,  and  in  thirty  minutes 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


had  done  its  work  of  destruction.  So  swift  were  the 
devouring  flames  that  time  was  not  given  to  arouse  all 
of  the  forty-seven  men  and  the  help  asleep  in  the  build- 
ings, and'j.  W.  Edwards,  aged  twenty.-two;  R.  D. 
Mann,  twenty-five;  Eugene  Bangs,  twenty-one,  and 
M.  T.  Moore^  forty-five,  were  burned  to  death.  Dun- 
can McCallum  and  John  H.  D.  Bowhay  were  also  so 
badly  burned  that  they  died  later  at  the  hospital,  mak- 
ing the  death  list  in  this  terrible  holocaust  number  six 
in  all.  Besides  these  the  following  were  so  badly  in- 
jured as  to  require  hospital  treatment:  Thomas  Yar- 
brough  and  L.  V.  Eberhart,  seriously  burned;  Frank 
Townsen,  K.  Mackenzie,  Tom  Bowers,  R.  N.  Brand, 
B.  J.  Bond,  John  McAuliff,  J.  C.  McConnell,  John 
Eckland  and  A.  H.  Adams,  slightly.  The  only  means 
of  exit  from  the  building  was  a  second  story  window, 
eighteen  feet  above  the  ground,  and  no  doubt  some 
were  wounded  in  the  jump. 

In  industrial  circles  the  year  1902  was  quieter  than 
its  predecessors,  owing  to  troubles  between  mine  own- 
ers and  the  smelter  trust.  On  this  account  the  looked 
for  increase  in  the  production  over  that  of  1901  did 
not  materialize,  though  the  differences  were  settled  in 
time  to  keep  the  output  of  the  mines  up  to  the  average. 
Whether  on  account  of  this  difficulty  or  for  some  other 
reason,  there  was  some  complaint  among  business  men 
in  Mullan,  Burke,  Gem,  Wardner  and  Wallace  during 
the  summer  and  fall  that  trade  was  unusually  dull. 
Some  of  these  men  were  inclined  to  blame  the  permit 
system,  which  had  been  in  vogue  since  the  last  labor 
trouble's,  and  which,  they  claimed,  had  a  tendency 
to  keep  married  men  out  of  the  mines  or  at  least  to 
deter  them  fro'm  bringing  their  families  into  the  coun- 
try. The  permit  system  has  since  been  abolished. 

In  August  of  the  year  under  review  a  company  of 
Canyon  creek  and  other  mine  owners  was  formed  for 
the  purpose  of  buying  out  the  holdings  of  farmers  on 
the  rich  bottom  lands  along  the  south  fork,  and  these 
lands  were  purchased  and  leased  to  their  former  own- 
ers for  a  period  of  ninety-nine  years.  The  object  of 
this  was  to  avoid  the  litigation  and  trouble  incident 
to  the  fact  that  every  flood  carried  tailings  from  the 
mines  over  the  land,  utterly  destroying  its  value  for 
agricultural  purposes. 

An  exciting  event  of  October,  1902,  was  the  hold- 
up on  the  second  last  day  of  that  month,  of  one  of 
Glen  McDonald's  livery  rigs,  while  it  was  conveying 
"  Frank  Watson,  a  mining  man ;  William  Trout,  of 
Spokane ;  W.  F.  Kuder  and  A.  H.  Blankerton,  of  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  from  Wallace  to  Murray.  The  scene  of 
the  robbery  was  a  point  a  quarter  of  a  mile  toward 
Murray  from  Beaver  station.  The  robber  was  masked 
with  a  polka  dot  handkerchief,  and  he  wore  gunny 
sacks  on  his  feet,  while  in  his  hands  were  two  mur- 
derous, apparently  brand  new  revolvers.  Though  evi- 
.  dently  a  novice,  he  succeeded  in  compelling  the  men 
to  alight,  take  off  their  coats  and  vests  and  hand  them 
over.  His  crime  was  rewarded  by  thus  securing  $75 
in  money  and  watches.  By  hard  begging  Mr.  Wat- 
son prevailed  upon  the  robber  to  give  him  back  his 
watch.  The  right  man  was  never  apprehended,  though 
two  arrests  on  suspicion  were  made. 


Early  in  the  current  year  an  event  occurred  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  county,  which  aroused  the 
people  to  a  high  pitch  of  excitement.  In  May  John 
J.  McDonough  was  murdered  from  ambush  in  a  most 
brutal  manner.  His  body  was  found  by  a  young  lad 
named  Amil  Hendrickson,  who  had  gone  over  to  Me- 
Donough's  farm  on  a  visit,  lying  in  the  road  in  front 
of  the  house,  by  the  side  of  the  deceased's  wagon  and 
team.  Four  bullets  had  entered  the  body  from  behind. 

Suspicion  of  having  committed  the  murder  attached 
to  Frank  Peters,  who,  it  is  claimed,  had  attempted 
formerly  to  kill  McDonough  while  the  latter  was  plow- 
ing in  his  garden.  Jealousy  is  the  supposed  cause. 
Posses  have  been  out  in  search  of  Peters,  but  at  this 
date  they  have  not  yet  been  successful  in  apprehending 

So  far  southern  Shoshone  county  has  not  yet  at- 
tained the  boon  of  autonomy  in  local  matters,  though 
it  made  anther  effort  therefor  at  the  last  meeting  of 
the  legislature.  It  is,  however,  almost  universally  con- 
ceded that  this  region  cannot  much  longer  be  deprived 
of  the  blessings  it  covets.  It  has  been  forging  ahead 
during  the  last  few  years  at  a  rapid  rate,  and  it  needs 
but  the  convenience  of  an  efficient  local  government  to 
convert  it  into  a  prosperous,  happy  and  contented  com- 

At  this  writing  conditions  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country  are  quite  favorable.  All  the  mines  are  at  work 
in  full  blast';  .the  relations  between  the  employers  of 
labor  and  their  employees  are,  perhaps,  as  pleasant  as 
they  have  ever  been  in  the  district ;  the  wheels  of  in- 
dustry are  revolving  steadily  and  the  rate  of  output  is 
greater  than  ever  before.  In  recent  years  the  list  of 
producers  have  been  swelled  by  the  addition  of  one  fa- 
mous mine — the  Hercules.  It  is  said  that  new  locations 
of  mining  properties  are  being  made  at  the  rate  of 
about  a  thousand  a  year.  Many  skillful  miners  and 
prospectors  are  at  work  developing  these  claims  as 
rapidly  as  circumstances  and  conditions  will  allow, 

few  of  them  will  take  their  places  with  the  great  mines 
which  have  given  the  district  fame  throughout  the  en- 
tire American  Union.  With  a  united  people  working 

that  of  garnering  all  the  wealth  of  the  district,  we  may 
expect  that  the  country,  already  so  prominent  among 
the  mining  regions  of  the  world,  will  more  than  double 
its  output,  and  assume  a  place  of  still  greater  import- 
ance as  a  contributor  to  the  wealth  of  mankind. 

In  closing  this  general  review  of  events  in  Shoshone 
county,  it  is  fitting  to  refer  to  an  exceedingly  pleasant 
occurrence  of  recent  date,  the  reception  of  President 
Roosevelt  during  his  two  hours'  stay  in  the  central  city 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  Special  trains  brought  crowds 
of  people  to  the  scene  and  it  was  estimated  that  by 
7:30  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  tlie  261)1  of  May,  the 
day  of  his  advent  into  the  town,  ten  thousand  people 
had  assembled  to  greet  him.  When  the  train  arrived 
every  effort  was  made  to  do  fitting  honor  to  the  dis- 
tinguished guest,  the  school  children,  it  is  said,  strew- 
ing his  pathway  with  bouquets  of  flowers. 

As  fitting  souvenirs  of  the  occasion  the  president 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  presented  with  a  pyramid  paper  weight  made  of 
lead,  copper,  silver  and  gold  nuggets  from  the  great 
mines  of  the  district,  also  a  bar  of  pure  gold  from  the 
Golden  Chest  mine  at  Murray.  The  large  flag  floating 
proudly  over  the  platform  on  which  the  president  stood 
as  he  made  his  timely  speech  to  the  citizens  gathered 
to  greet  him  was  said  to  be  the  first  Union  flag  un- 
furled in  this  county,  having  floated  upon  the  breezes 
which  blew  in  1865.  It  had  been  sent  to  Wallace  for 
the  occasion  by  I.  B.  Cowen,  chairman  of  the  county 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  destiny  of  this  county  and 
this  great  mining  district  may  be  wrought  out  in  future 
in  strict  harmony  with  the  sentiments  expressed  by  the 
closing  words  of  the  president's  speech.  After  briefly 
referring  to  the  qualities  of  good  citizenship,  he  said : 

"There  are  two  attributes  of  which  as  a  people  we 
need  to  beware  more  than  any  of  the  others ;  the  arro- 
gance which  looks  down  on  those  not  so  well  off  and 
treats  them  with  brutal  and  selfish  disregard  for  their 
interests,  and  the  equally  base  spirit  of  envy,  hatred  and 
rancor  for  those  that  are  better  oft'.  Either  spirit  is 
utterly  un-American,  utterly  alien  to  our  institutions, 
utterly  alien  to  the  spirit  shown  alike  by  the  men  who 
founded  this  republic  and  the  men  who  under  the  lead 
of  Abraham  Lincoln,  saved  and  perpetuated  the  repub- 


lie ;  the  men  who  in  the  Civil  war  established  once  fot 
all  in  this  country  the  principle  that  we  are  a 
in  fact  as  well  as  in  name,  and  that  this  is  a  govern- 
ment not  of  license,  but  of  liberty  under  and  through 
the  law.  The  worst  foe  to  American  institutions,  to 
American  life,  is  the  man  who  seeks  to  cause  hatred 
and  distrust  between  one  body  of  Americans  and  any 
other  body  of  Americans.  It  is  just  as  base  no  matter 
whether  the  appeal  is  made  to  inflame  section  against 
section,  creed  against  creed,  or  class  against  class ;  in 
any  event  the  appeal  is  unworthy  of  American  institu- 
tions and  if  listened  to  will  hurt  none  so  much  as  those 
who  pay  heed  to  it. 

"Any  man  who  endeavors  to  make  you  do  wrong 
!  under  the  plea  that  it  is  in  your  interest  to  follow  him 
in  doing  wrong  will  do  wrong  to  you  if  the  oppor- 
tunity arises.     The  only  safe  principle  upon  which  to 
act  is  in  accordance  with  the  immutable  law  of  de- 
:  cency  and  fair  dealing,  to  give  each  man  a  chance, 
I  to  give  one  man  the  same  justice  that  you  give  to  any 
I  other,  to  draw  the  line  not  between  one  class  and  an- 
j  other  on  artificial  grounds,  not  between  rich  man  and 
poor  man,  but  between  the  man  who  is  straight  and  the 
j  man  who  is  crooked,  without  any  reference  to  whether 
one  be  rich  or  one  be  poor.    That  is  the  only  ground 
1  upon  which  you  can  afford  to  act." 


CHAPTKR  IV. 


POLITICAL. 


Although  Shoshone  county  was  created  as  early  as 
1858,  a  county  government  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  organized  until  after  the  discovery  of  the  Oro 
Fino  mines,  and  the  settlement  of  that  region.  As 
noted  elsewhere  in  this  work,  the  county's  population 
increased  from  a  mere  handful  of  people  in  1860  to 
several  thousand  in  the  summer  of  1861,  necessitating 
the  immediate  organization  of  a  local  government. 
Thus,  in  pursuance  of  the  requirements  of  law,  an' 
election  was  held  July  8,  1861,  the  only  record  of 
which  is  as  follows : 

"I,  George  Galbreath,  county  auditor  within  and 
for  Walla  Walla  county,  do  hereby  certify  that  the 
following  named  citizens  were  duly  elected  to  the 
several  offices  set  opposite  their  respective  names,  in 
and  for  Shoshone  county,  said  territory,  by  the  quali- 
fied votes  thereof,  at  the  annual  election  held  in  and 
for  said  county,  July  8,  1861  :county  commissioners, 
T.  Tudor,  W.  Cardwell,  J.  C.  Griffin;  probate  judge, 
D.  M.  Jessee ;  sheriff,  R.  L.  Gillespie ;  auditor,  E.  L. 
Bradley  ;  treasurer,  L.  H.  Coon ;  assessor,  H.  M.  Bell ; 
coroner,  D.  Bell;  constable,  —  —  Vamastram  (E. 
M.  Van  Nostron).  Dated  August  20,  1861." 


A  majority  of  these  men  accepted  the  honor  con- 
ferred upon  them,  and  ,  forthwith  entered  upon  the 
administration  of  their  duties.  However,  as  might  be 
expected,  the  quest  for  gold  was  far  more  alluring 
than  office  holding,  consequently  the  membership  of 
Shoshone  county's  official  family  was  constantly 
changing.  Among  those  who  served  the  county  in 
an  official  capacity  in  1861  and  in  the  spring  of  1862, 
we  find,  besides  those  already  mentioned,  the  follow- 
ing: T.  B.  Buker,  E.  Kinsey,  E.  B.  Stone.  D.  M. 
Boon,  George  McCully,  William  James,  Thomas 
Stringham,  Levi  Anderson,  justices  of  the  peace; 
Neil  McClinchey,  William  Atlee,  treasurers;  D.  H. 
Brown,  D.  M.  Boon,  Thomas  Stringham,  S.  Leonard, 
Charles  J.  Marvin,  Stephen  Jewett,  county  commis- 
sioners ;  J.  B.  Buker,  coroner ;  Israel  Mitchell,  survey- 
or; J.  P.  Butler,  auditor;  J.  M.  Moore,  prosecuting 
attorney;  Stanford  Capps,  assessor. 

The  first  regular  term  of  county  commissioners' 
court  opened  Monday,  September  2,  1861,  every  mem- 
ber being  present.  After  effecting  an  organization  the 
board  at  once  proceeded  to  establish  three  precincts, 
Pierce  City,  Oro  Fino  and  Elkton.  The  boundaries  of 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  first  named  precinct  were  fixed  as  follows:  "All 
of  that  portion  of  Shoshone  county  north  of  a  line 
running  due  east  and  west  and  crossing  the  Oro  Fino 
creek  about  one  mile  southeast  of  the  town  of  Pierce 
City,  at  a  point  near  the  mouth  of  what  is  known  as 
the  canal  gulch  on  the  west  side  of  said  Oro  Fino 
creek."  The  boundaries  of  Oro  Fino  precinct  were : 
"On  the  north  by  the  Pierce  City  precinct,  on  the 
south  by  the  south  fork  of  the  Clearwater  and  on  the 
east  by  the  boundary  line  of  Shoshone  county."  There 
is  no  mention  of  a  western  boundary.  Elkton  pre- 
cinct was  made  to  include  all  the  territory  in  the  coun- 
ty bounded  "on  the  south  by  Snake  river,  on  the 
north  and  west  by  the  south  fork  of  the  Clearwater 
and  on  the  east  by  the  boundary  line  of  Shoshone 
county." 

On  this  same  day  the  board,  or  court,  decided  up- 
on the  following  official  ferry  rates  for  crossing  Snake 
river:  wagon,  carriage  and  other  vehicle  with  ani- 
mals, $1.50;  pleasure  wagon  with  two  horses,  $1.50; 
additional  animals,  25  cents  each;  cart,  wagon  or  car- 
riage with  one  horse,  75  cents;  man  and  horse,  50 
cents ;  each  animal  and  packhorse,  50  cents ;  footman, 
25  cents ;  loose  animal,  other  than  sheep,  goats  or  hogs, 
10  cents ;  sheep,  hogs  and  goats,  1 5  cents.  The  ferry 
rates  for  crossing  the  Clearwater  were  made  consider- 
ably lower  than  those  for  crossing  the  Snake. 

After  fixing  the  assessment  rate  at  five  mills  for 
all  purposes  and  providing  that  liquor  dealers  in  the 
county  should  pay  the  county  license  of  $300  per 
annum,  the  court  adjourned  to  meet  in  special  ses- 
sion September  loth.  Nothing  of  special  importance 
-  came  before  the  court  at  this  special  session,  or  at 
special  sessions  held  on  October  7th  and  28th. 

The  discovery  of  the  Forence  mines  in  the  south- 
ern portion  of  the  county,  led  the  county  court,  on 
January  3,  1862,  to  create  Florence  precinct,  to  which 
they  gave  the  following  boundaries :  "All  of  that  sec- 
tion of  country  west  of  the  dividing  ridge  between  the 
south  fork  of  Clearwater  and  Snake  rivers  and  run- 
ning east  to  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  mountains." 
Thomas  Stringham  was  appointed  as  the  first  justice 
of  the  peace  in  this  precinct.  A  glance  at  the  map 
of  Idaho  will  give  the  reader  an  excellent  idea  of  the 
immensity  of  this  precinct  and  of  the  dim  conception 
which  the  commissioners  had  of  the  region  around 
them. 

At  the  May  term  the  county  court  took  up  the  mat- 
ter of  arranging  for  a  permanent  courthouse,  a  build- 
ing of  great  need,  as  heretofore  the  county  had  been 
paying  out  considerable  money  in  rent.  Sheriff  Gil- 
lespie was  appointed  to  draft  the  plans  and  Charles 
J.  Marvin  and  S.  F.  Leonard  were  appointed  to  se- 
cure a  site  in  Pierce  City,  where  a  majority  of  the 
sessions  had  been  held.  On  Tune  7th,  the  commission- 
ers, Stephen  Jewett.  S.  F.  Leonard  and  Charles  I. 
Marvin,  accepted  the  bid  of  K.  C.  Reed  and  W.  Keith 
to  build  a  courthouse  and  jail  at  Pierce  City  for  $3,700 
in  county  scrip.  This  building  was  completed  in  Aug- 
ust and  accepted  by  the  county.  It  served  as  a  court- 
house until  the  removal. of  the  county  seat  to  Murray, 


in  1884,  when  it  was  sold  to  Edward  Hammond  for 
less  than  $75. 

Through  the  creation  of  Idaho  and  Nez  Perces 
counties  in  December,  1861,  Shoshone  county  lost  two 
of  its  largest  precincts,  leaving  only  five,  Pierce  City, 
Oro  Fino,  Rhodes  creek,  Placer  Flat  and  Lone  Tree. 
Election  day  fell  on  July  I4th.  The  official  returns 
are  as  follows :  For  representatives,  S.  S.  Slater,  A. 
B.  Andrews,  James  Orr,  Unionists,  282,  262,  and  268 
votes  respectively,  J.  M.  Murphy,  E.  P.  Bostwick,  M. 
S.  Winkle,  Democrats,  164,  137  and  170  votes  re- 
spectively; county  commissioners,  S.  F.  Leonard,  D. 
M.  Fraser,  S.  Jewett,  Unionists,  231,  268  and  279 
votes  respectively,  A.  Former,  D.  Litton  and  James 
Bowers,  Democrats,  148,  128  and  votes  respec- 
tively; treasurer,  William  A.  Atlee,  Unionist,  292, 
J.  P.  Butler,  Democrat,  132;  auditor,  P.  S.  Black, 
Unionist,  259,  A.  Thompson,  Democrat,  167 ;  assessor, 
Stanford  Capps,  Unionist,  331,  G.  E.  Pearson,  Demo- 
crat, 94;  probate  judge,  William  James,  Unionist, 
204,  Jesse  Bond,  Democrat,  180;  prosecuting  attorney, 
H.  Martin,  Unionist,  269,  J.  H.  Parker,  Democrat, 
1 62 ;  coroner,  G.  R.  Sheldon,  Unionist,  273,  John  Cain, 
Democrat,  133.  Lone  Tree  precinct  did  not  cast  a 
single  vote  for  a  Democrat.  Strangely  enough  there 
appears  to  have  been  no  contest  for  the  office  of  sheriff, 
R.  L.  Gillespie  being  allowed  to  retain  office  without 
rivalry. 

Several  resignations  were  accepted  by  the  board  in 
the  course  of  the  next  few  months,  among  them  the 
resignation  of  Sheriff  Gillespie,  who  was  succeeded  by 
Thomas  Cann  and  he  by  W.  A.  Busey ;  that  of  Com- 
missioner Jewett,  succeeded  by  Ed.  Harris;  that  of 
Commissioner  Leonard,  who  was  succeeded  by  Sam- 
uel Ramsay  and  Ramsay  in  turn  by  J.  M.  Merrill; 
then  Harris  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  William 
A.  Goulder;  Capps  resigned  the  assessorship  and 
Robert  McCullough  took  the  office  for  a  short  time, 
resigning  in  April,  1863.  Then  for  a  time  the  county 
organization  virtually  went  to  pieces,  nearly  all  of  the 
officers  resigning.  Several  of  them,  including  Fraser 
and  Harris,  donated  their  salaries  to  the  treasury. 
The  report  of  the  auditor  on  March  9,  1863,  shows  that 
the  county  had  issued  up  to  that  time  $8,834.32  in 
scrip,  of  which  $3,913.20  was  for  building  the  court- 
house and  jail ;  that  of  this  amount  $£,845.47  was  yet 
unpaid. 

The  reason  for  this  almost  total  dissolution  of  the 
county  is  to  be  found  in  the  phenomenal  growth  of 
the  Florence,  Elk  City,  Warren  and  Montana  mining 
districts,  which  drew  away  thousands  from  the  Pierce 
City  district.  It  would  "be  impossible  to  accurately 
enumerate  the  different  men  who  were  appointed  and 
resigned  offices  at  this  period  of  the  county's  history, 
but  among  them  we  find  J.  M.  Carpenter,  commis- 
sioner; William  N.  Hudson,  auditor;  John  H.  Lauck, 
auditor;  E.  B.  Stone,  prosecuting  attorney;  Elijah 
Davidson,  sheriff:  Levi  Ankeny.  treasurer;  S.  M. 
Stout,  assessor;  George  Moeller,'justice  of  the  Pcace; 
I.  B.  Cowan,  justice  of  the  peace :  E.  K.  Davidson, 
coroner;  N.  M'.  Pratt,  sheriff. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


The  election  of  1864  was  held  October  loth.  There 
were  only  two  precincts  in  the  county,  Pierce  City  and 
Oro  Fino.  The  polls  in  the  former  precinct  were 
opened  at  the  Pioneer  hotel;  in  the  latter,  at  Gram's 
drug  store.  As  Idaho  territory  was  not  created  until 

1863,  this  was  the  first  election  held  under  Idaho  laws. 
The  vote  cast  at  this  election  follows:     For  delegate, 
Samuel  C.  Parks,  80,  E.  D.  Holbrook,  39;  represent- 
ative, William  A.  Goulder,  72,  J.  H.  Parker,  52;  terri- 
torial auditor,  B.  F.  Lambkin,  75,  William  McDaniels, 
33;  territorial  treasurer,  Charles  D.  Vajen,  54,  M.  A. 
Kelly,   54;   superintendent   public   instruction,   D.    M. 
Walters,  7.2,  A.  Benedict,  35;  probate  judge,  Samuel 
Ramsay,  67.  David  Elliott,  38,  L.  Reed,  8;  commis- 
sioners, D.  M.  Fraser,  107,  Samuel  Walker,  54,  Will- 
iam  B.   Perry,  62,   William  A.   Goulder,  48,  D.  H. 
Jaume,  62 ;  treasurer,  Levi  Ankeny,  1 10 ;  auditor,  John 
B.  Lauck,  75;  sheriff,  E.  K.  Davidson,  118;  assessor, 
S.  K.  Waymire,  66,  Alexander  Damas,  2;  justice  of 
the  peace,  I.  B.  Cowan.  121  ;  district  attorney.  G.  M. 
Pomeroy,  75,  W.  \V.  Thayer,  40;  constable,  L.  Reed, 
41- 

But  before  we  enter  deeper  into  the  political  his- 
tory of  Shoshone  county,  it  will  not  be  amiss  to  say 
a  few  words  regarding  the  pioneer  district  court  of  the 
county.  Not  until  Shoshone  county  became  a  politi- 
cal division  of  Idaho  territory  was  the  first  term  of 
court  held,  the  day  of  opening  being  September  8, 

1864,  and  the  place  Pierce  City.     Hon.  Alexander  C. 
Smith,  judge  of  the  first  Idaho  district,  presided,  Levi 
Ankeny  was  present  as  clerk.  Sheriff  E.  K.  Davidson 
attended,   and  Thomas   M.   Reed  was  present  in  his 
official  capacity  of  prosecuting  attorney.     I.  C.  Hilde- 
brand  acted  as  bailiff.     The  grand  jury  consisted  of 
Francis    Carroll,    H.    Nelson,   A.    G.    Corbett.    Jesse 
Frickle,  Frank  Hawk,  I.  E.  Clark,  S.  K.  Waymire, 
Samuel  Gaton,  Julius  Mack,  R.  Filkins,  Henry  Myers, 
D.  Haneford,  William  Hackett,  Ed.  Chatfield,  L.  Reed 
and  D.  W.  Carty. 

fore  this  court ;  in  fact  the  session  lasted  only  two  days. 
The  most  important  jury  case  was  that  of  John  Pont- 
'  ade  versus  C.  Schwindsbn,  Peter  Dubaison  and  Peter 
Manett,  a  suit  brought  for  the  recovery  of  money. 
The  petit  jury  comprised  Rufus  Hardy,  foreman, 
George  Brown",  Robert  Walker,  David  Bassey,  Peter 
Eddy,  E.  C.  Rose,  T.  Lodgdson,  Thomas  Giles,  Peter 
Fisher,  Samuel  Sayers,  John  Straw,  and  Samuel  White. 
The  plaintiff  was  awarded  $350  and  costs.  Shoshone 
county  was  not  again  visited  by  a  judge  until  June  27, 
1868, 'when  Milton  Kelly  held  one  day's  court  at  Pierce 
City.  At  this  term  no  jury  was  called.  When  one  con- 
siders the  isolation  of  this  mining  district  and  the  law- 
lessness which  generally  prevails  in  mining  camps, 
Shoshone  county  has  reason  to  feel  proud  of  its  pioneer 
miners.  Of  the  pioneer  lawyers  who  practiced  in  the 
first  courts  we  find  the  names  of  only  E.  B.  Stone, 
A.  H.  Colvin,  Thomas  M.  Reed  and  W.  A.  George, 
the  two  latter  being  prosecuting  attorneys. 

The  result  of  the  election  held  in  1866,  as  shown 
by  the  records,  was  as  follows:  For  delegate,  J.  M. 
Kirkpatrick,  Republcan,  received  39  votes,  E.  D.  Hol- 


brook, Democrat,  27  votes;  for  councilman,  W.  H, 
Hudson,  sole  candidate,  received  51  votes;  for  joint 
councilman,  C.  T.  Nelson,  Republican,  received  22 
votes,  I.  K.  Whitson.  Democrat,  13 ;  for  superintendent 
of  public  instruction,  E.  K.  Davidson,  Republican,  re- 
ceived 49  votes;  for  representative  in  the  legislature, 
W.  F.  McMillen,  Republican,  received  49  votes;  for 
sheriff,  I.  B.  Cowan,  Republican,  received  66  votes; 
for  probate  judge,  B.  F.  Yantis,  Democrat,  received 
50  votes;  for  treasurer,  G.  W.  Crampton,  received 
58  votes ;  for  auditor,  John  P.  Lauck,  Republican,  re- 
ceived 58  votes ;  for  assessor,  S.  K.  Waymire,  Demo- 
crat, received  50  votes ;  and  George  Moeller,  A.  G. 
Cowanson  and  Joseph  Fettis  were  elected  county  com- 
missioners, vote  not  given.  As  well  be  seen  from  the 
foregoing,  there  was  no  special  party  strife,  in  most 
cases  only  one  candidate  being  nominated.  Some  of 
the  men1  elected  served  full  terms,  others  resigned 
shortly  after  being  sworn  in.  As  an  illustration  of  the 
unsettled  condition  of  the  county  government,  we  find 
that  in  September,  1867,  Samuel  Ramsay,  C.  T.  Nel- 
son and  S.  M.  Stout  were  the  county  commissioners; 
A.  T.  Currier  was  county  treasurer;  and  Stanford 
Capps  was  prosecuting  attorney. 

When  the  annual  election  of  1868  came  around,, 
the  two  precincts  that  Shoshone  county  formerly  had, 
were  combined  into  one.  The  Democrats  were  vic- 
torious in  this  county,  capturing  a  majority  of  the 
offices.  J.  K.  Shafer,  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
delegate  to  congress,  received  44  votes,  T.  J.  Butler,, 
the  Republican  candidate.  42  votes ;  S.  S.  Fenn,  Demo- 
crat, was  given  44  votes  for  county  attorney,  while  his- 
Republican  opponent,  W.  A.  George,  received  3  votes 
less ;  for  councilman,  B.  F.  Yantis,  Democrat,  received 
a  majority  of  IQ  votes  over  his  opponent,  W.  Hudson, 
who  received  thirty  votes:  W.  A.  Goulder.  Republi- 
can, was  chosen  assemblyman,  49  votes  being  cast 
for  him  and  34  for  G.  Trook,  the  Democratic  candi- 
date ;  I.  B.  Cowan,  the  Republican  nominee  for  sheriff, 
received  54  votes,  S.  K.  Waymire,  his  Democratic 
opponent,  only  28  votes ;  B.  Bowers  was  elected  pro- 
bate judge,  receiving  18  votes,  while  C.  Ewing,  Demo- 
crat, received  15:  for  treasurer,  R.  L.  Yantis  received 
49  votes,  Alexander  McGregor,  31,  a  victory  for  the 
Democrat:  J.  B.  Lauck  was  re-elected  recorder  and 
auditor  without  opposition,  his  vote  being  55 ;  the 
contest  for  the  assessorship  was  more  spirited,  the 
three  candidates  and  their  votes  being  as  follows: 
John  Ragan,  Democrat,  38.  Thomas  Hudson,  Republi- 
can, 24,  S.  M.  Ramsay,  Independent,  15 ;  for  com- 
missioners, C.  T.  Nelson,  Republican,  received  58 
votes,  Francis  Carle,  Republican,  45  votes,  D.  H. 
Jaume,  Democrat,  56  votes,  and  David  Elliott,  Demo- 
crat, 30  votes ;  A.  Damas,  Democrat,^  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace,  his  contestant  being  James  Bu- 
chanan ;  and  John  Rogers,  Republican,  was  victorious 
over  his  opponent,  J.  C.  Hiltebrand,  for  the  office 
of  constable. 

The  official  vote  cast  at  the  annual  election  held 
June  6,  1870,  was  as  follows:     For  delegate,  S.  A.    ; 
Merritt,  Democrat,  102.  T.  J.  Butler,  Republican.  56; 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


,  Democrat,  94,  John  Ragan,  Re- 


B. Yantis,  Democrat,  101,  A.  McGregor,  Republican, 
50;  probate  judge,  Alexander  Damas,  Democrat,  89, 
George  Moeller,  Republican,  64;  district  attorney, 
John  Clark,  Republican,  59;  sheriff,  Matthew  Fettis, 
Democrat,  83,  I.  B.  Cowan,  Republican,  66;  auditor 
and  recorder,  Thomas  Hudson,  Democrat,  69,  J.  B. 
Lauck,  Republican,  87;  treasurer,  Robert  L.  Yantis, 
Democrat,  102,  D.  M.  Fraser,  Republican,  55  ;  com- 
missioners, 1st  district,  D.  L.  Elliott,  Democrat,  101, 
Peter  Thompson,  Republican,  58;  2d  district,  James 
Mclnroe,  Democrat,  42,  Henry  Mauli,  Republi 
51  ;  3d  district,  Alla 
D.  W.  C.  Dunwell, 
publican,  63. 

From  the  following  official  summary,  the  names  of 
the  successful  candidates  for  office  in  Shoshone  coun- 
ty at  the  election  of  1872  may  be  picked:  Delegate, 
J'ohn  Hailey,  Democrat,  34,  J.  W.  Huston,  Republi- 
can 27;  district  attorney,  John  Clark,  Republican,  49, 
James  W.  Poe,  Democrat,  9;  councilman,  Stanford 
Capps,  Republican,  40,  Joseph  Lees,  Democrat,  22; 
representative  or  assemblyman,  J.  B.  Sisson,  joint 
nominee,  59;  probate  judge,  Philip  Streeter,  Republi- 
can, 32,  D.  M.  Murray,  Democrat,  26  ;  auditor  and  re- 
corder, D.  M.  Fraser,  Republican,  32,  Frank  Capps, 
Democrat,  26;  sheriff,  Francis  Carle,  Republican,  36, 
S.  K.  Waymire,  Democrat,  19;  assessor,  Samuel  Ram- 

y  Say,  Republican,  29,  Charles  Brown,  Democrat,  20,  J. 
Rodgers,  Independent,  8  ;  commissioners,  D.  H.  Jaume, 
Republican,  59,  M.  V.  Cole,  Republican,  31,  George 
Moeller,  Republican,  28,  Thomas  Hudson,  Democrat, 

i  31  (resigned).  Patrick  Gaffney,  Democrat,  29; 
treasurer,  Robert  L.  Yantis,  Republican,  42,  Joseph 
Alexander,  Democrat,  17;  superintendent  of  public 
schools,  Frank  Capps,  21,  George  Lawhow,  Democrat, 
t2;  coroner,  James  Buchanan,  Democrat,  29;  road 
supervisor.  John  Rodgers,  31,  C.  Swendson,  30;  justice 
of  the  peace.  J.  C.  Hiltebrand,  53,  S.  Anderson,  31  ; 
constable,  John  Rodgers,  29.  In  1873  William  V. 
.Heskett  was  appointed  probate  judge  and  at  a  special 
election  held  March  28,  1874,  George  Moeller  and 
Irwin  Anderson  were  elected  commissioners  to  fill 

The  official  vote  at  the  election  of  1874  is  missing, 
so  that  we  are  unable  to  present  anything  except  a 
roll  of  the  officers  elected,  which  follows:  council- 
man, William  A.  Goulder;  assemblyman,  W.  B.  Yan- 
tis; sheriff,  |ohn  Rodgers;  commissioners,  George 
Moeller,  D.  H.  Jaume,  Swan  Anderson;  treasurer,  R. 
L.  Yantis:  probate  judge,  William  V.  Heskett;  as- 
sessor, Charles  F.  Brown;  auditor  and  recorder,  D.  M. 
.Fraser;  justice  of  the  peace,  J.  C.  Hiltebrand.  The 
following  year  several  changes  were  made  in  Sho- 
Shone's  official  family.  John  Molloy  was  appointed 
sheriff  on  October  4,  1875  ;  Francis  Carle  was  ap- 
pointed commissioner  to  succeed  Swan  Anderson,  the 
date  of  his  appointment  being  August  21,  1875;  like- 
wise, I.  B.  Cowan  succeeded  D.  H.  Jaume  as  com- 
mssioner,  on  October  4th.  September  6th,  D.  M. 
Fraser  qualified  as  superintendent  of  county  schools. 

The  following  campaign  was  marked  by  a  stronger 
party  organization  than  had  prevailed  in  1874,  when 


considerable  apathy  was  manifested.  The  canvass- 
ing board  made  the  following  returns :  For  delegate, 
John  Clark,  Republican,  39,  S.  S.  Fenn,  Democrat,  37 ; 
councilman,  D.  W.  C.  Dunwell,  Republican,  sole  candi- 
date, 61 ;  representative,  Edward  Hammond,  Republi- 
can, sole  candidate,  68 ;  district  attorney,  Jasper  Rand,. 
Republican,  46,  James  W.  Poe,  Democrat,  28;  pro- 
bate judge.  D.  L.  Elliott,  Democrat,  43,  J.  C.  Hilte- 
brand, Republican,  22;  sheriff,  John  Molloy,  Demo- 
crat, sole  candidate,  68;  auditor  and  recorder,  Frank 
Capps,  Republican,  37,  D.  M.  Fraser,  also  Republican, 
33;  treasurer,  Martin  Mauli,  Democrat,  35,  E.  H. 
Gollings,  Republican,  32;  assessor,  C.  F.  Brown,  Re- 
publican, 38,  George  Baraman,  Democrat,  31 ;  com- 
missioners, R.  M.  G.  Bradley,  Republican,  37,  I.  B. 
Cowan,  Republican,  34,  H.  L.  Gray,  Republican,  34, 
W.  B.  Yantis,  Democrat,  38,  Herman  Loewenberg, 
Democrat,  31;  coroner,  D.  H.  Jaume,  Republican,  7; 
justice  of  the  peace,  John  Kimble,  35 ;  constable,  C. 
Swandson,  37.  The  following  November  special  elec- 
tion, held  for  the  purpose  of  electing  one  commissioner, 
resulted  in  the  choice  of  Herman  Loewenberg  for  the 
office.  Several  resignations  and  appointments  are  re- 
corded during  the  ensuing  few  months. 

From  a  vote  of  76  for  delegate  in  1874  the  county's 
voting  strength  decreased  to  a  vote  of  30  for  the  same 
officer  in  1878,  showing  a  loss  of  more  than  fifty  per 
cent.  Under  these  circumstances  it  is  not  strange  that 
the  county  had  great  difficulty  in  maintaining  an  or- 
ganization during  the  ensuing  six  years;  it  is  not 
strange  that  resignations  and  appointments  became  so 
numerous  as  to  preclude  a  complete  record  of  all  who 
served  the  county  as  officers  without  a  very  exhaustive 
and  unsatisfactory  search.  Frequently  the  office  went 
begging  for  the  man,  thus  rendering  party  organiza- 
tion an  impracticability.  Under  these  circumstances 
an  accurate  compilation  of  political  history  is  a  most 
difficult  task,  incomplete  records  rendering  it  still  more 
difficult. 

The  returns  for  the  election  of  1878  show  that 
George  Ainslie,  the  Democratic  candidate  for  delegate, 
received  28  votes  in  this  county ;  Jonas  W.  Brown,  Re- 
publican candidate,  only  2;  for  councilman,  W.  B. 
Yantis,  sole  candidate,  received  39  votes;  for  repre- 
sentative, Robert  L.  Yantis,  Democrat,  received  23 
votes.  Daniel  McPherson.  Republican,  20  votes ;  James 
W.  Poe.  Democrat,  received  34  votes  for  district  at- 
torney; for  probate  judge,  I.  B.  Cowan,  Republican, 
received  26  votes,  J.  C.  Hiltebrand.  Democrat.  7  votes, 
D.  L.  Elliott,  Democrat,  I  vote;  Edward  Hammond, 
Republican,  was  elected  auditor  and  recorder,  his  vote 
being  37;  for  sheriff,  Robert  Templeton,  Republican, 
received  22  votes.  Patrick  Gaffney,  Democrat.  20 
votes;  for  assessor,  E.  G.  Cole,  Republican,  received 
35  votes,  being  the  only  candidate ;  for  treasurer,  Mar- 
tin Mauli,  Democrat,  had  no  opposition,  receiving  30 
votes ;  for  commissioner,  Abe  Harpster,  Democrat,  re- 
ceived 33  votes,  Thomas  Wilson,  Republican,  28,  John 
Molloy,  Democrat,  26.  and  Horatio  L.  Gray,  Repub- 
lican, 17;  surveyor,  Pierre  Duboison,  Democrat,  re- 
ceived 10  votes;  for  coroner,  Chris.  Swandson  re- 
ceived the  total  vote  cast,  8 ;  John  Kemble,  Democrat, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


was  elected  justice  of  the  peace;  and  John  Evans  was 
chosen  constable. 

The  vote  for  officers  in  1880  follows:  Delegate, 
Mason  Brayman,  annexationist,  39.  George  Ainslie, 
Democrat,  6;  joint  councilman,  T.  B.  Cowan,  Repub- 
lican, 41  ;  representative,  William  Nichol,  Democrat, 
27,  Robert  L.  Yantis,  Republican.  7,  Horatio  L.  Gray, 
Republican,  7 ;  district  attorney,  A.  Quackenbush,  Re- 
publican, 15.  I.  N.  Maxwell. 'Democrat,  29;  probate 
judge,  Silas  W.  Moody,  Republican,  36,  D.  L.  Elliott, 
Democrat,  6;  sheriff,  John  Molloy,  Democrat,  35;  pub- 
lic administrator,  Herman  Loewenberg,  Democrat,  25 ; 
auditor  and  recorder,  Edward  Hammond,  Republican, 
33;  treasurer,  Aaron  Kuhn,  Republican,  22,  Martin 
Mauli,  Democrat,  20:  surveyor,  Pierre  Duboison, 
Democrat,  35;  coroner,  D.  L.  Elliott,  Democrat,  32; 
assessor.  Patrick  Keane,  Republican.  26,  Dominique 
Jaume,  Democrat.  17 ;  justice  of  the  peace,  J.  C.  Hilte- 
brand,  Republican,  37;  commissioners,  Abe  Harpster, 
E.  H.  Gollings,  Patrick  Gaffney,  Democrats,  19,  32 
and  4  votes,  respectively,  Theodore  Thompkins,  Rob- 
ert Templeton,  C.  D.  Jones,  Republicans,  19,  23  and 
16  votes,  respectively ;  for  annexation  to  Washington 
territory,  45  ayes,  no  nays.  The  tie  vote  for  com- 
missioner resulted  in  a  special  election  being  held  No- 
vember 1 3th,  1880,  at  which  Thomas  Wilson  received 
10  votes  and  Abe  Harpster,  8  votes.  Nearly  all  of  the 
above  candidates  for  office  were  placed  in  nomination 
at  a  citizens'  convention  held  at  Pierce  City,  October 
6,  1880.  The  nominations  were  made  irrespective  of 
political  parties. 

A  like  policy  was  adopted  in  1882,  when  the  coun- 
ty's life  was  at  its  lowest  ebb.  As  will  be  seen  from  the 
recapitulation  which  follows,  the  highest  vote  cast  was 
31.  The  election  was  simply  a  matter  of  form.  Theo- 
dore F.  Singer,  the  Republican  nominee  for  delegate 
to  congress,  received  30  votes ;  I.  B.  Cowan,  nominee 
for  joint  councilman,  received  27  votes ;  O.  A.  Dodge, 
nominee  for  joint  representative,  received  28  votes; 
J.  C.  Elder,  nominee  for  district  attorney,  received 
28  votes ;  E.  G.  Call,  nominee  for  probate  judge,  L.  T. 
Dunwell,  nominee  for  sheriff,  D.  M.  Eraser,  nominee 
for  auditor  and  recorder,  P.  T.  Lomas,  nominee  for 
treasurer,  and  W.  G.  Osborne,  nominee  for  assessor, 
each  received  28  votes ;  Francis  Carle,  C.  D.  Jones  and 
Patrick  Keane,  nominees  for  county  commissioners,  re- 
ceived 27,  24  and  26  votes,  respectively;  J.  C.  Hilte- 
brand.  nominee  for  coroner,  received  28  votes,  Theo- 
dore Tompkins  and  L.  T.  Reed,  aspirants  for  the  office 
of  justice  of  the  peace,  received  19  and  12  votes,  re- 
spectively :  and  Wellington  Landon  and  D.  W.  C.  Dun- 
well  received  I  vote  each  for  constable. 

The  discovery  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines  and  the 
great  influx  of  population  into  that  district  in  the  fall 
of  1883  and  the  succeeding  winter  and  spring,  resulted 
in  the  complete  transference  of  political  power  in  the 
county  to  the  northern  end,  where  the  balance  of  power 
still  remains.  Thereafter  the  northern  portion,  or  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes,  were  in  complete  control  of  the  coun- 
ty's government  for  many  years  and  only  quite  recent- 
ly has  the  southern  portion  acquired  such  a  large  pop- 
ulation as  to  return  to  it  in  part  its  old  influence. 


Thousands  flocked  into  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  while 
scores  were  settling  along  the  Lolo  and  Clearwater 
and  at  Pierce.  From  a  position  of  lowest  importance 
among  the  counties  of  the  state,  Shoshone  county  has 
become  one  of  the  foremost  in  wealth  and  population, 
in  1882  the  county's  highest  vote  was  31 ;  in  1902, 
4,962  votes,  including  those  of  qualified  women  voters, 
were  cast. 

The  influx  of  miners  in  1883  and  1884  necessitated 
the  creation  of  three  new  precincts,  Beaver,  Sum 
and  Coeur  d'Alene,  all  in  the  northern  end  of  the  coun- 
ty. There  were  three  tickets  in  the  field,  the  regular 
Republican  and  Democratic  organizations  and  an  in- 
dependent ticket.  The  Republicans  met  at  the  Masonic 
hall  in  Murray,  Saturday,  October  nth,  and  placed 
in  nomination  a  full  ticket:  the  Democrats  convened 
I  wo  days  later  at  Murray,  and  the  Independents,  com- 
posed of  ex-members  of  the  old  parties,  held  their  con- 
vention at  Murray  on  the  same  day.  In  making  these 
nominations  the  southern  end  of  the  county  was  al- 
most entirely  unrepresented.  Election  day  passed  off 
very  quietly  and  was  marked  by  a  long,  heavy  rainfall. 
There  was  considerable  scratching  of  tickets'  indulged 
in  by  all  parties.  The  largest  vote  polled  in  any  pre- 
cinct was  that  cast  in  Summit  precinct,  of  which  Mur- 
ray was  the  center  of  population,  597 ;  Beaver  precinct 
cast  165  votes ;  Coeur  d'Alene,  or  Eagle  precinct,  cast 
only  71  votes ;  while  Pierce  City  precinct  cast  about  the 
same  vote  as  in  1882.  The  official  count  gave  the 
following  figures:  For  delegate,  T.  F.  Singiser,  Re- 
publican. 500,  John  Hailey,  Democrat,  357;  joint 
councilman,  J.  D.  Wooden,  Independent  Democrat, 
475,  Silas  W.  Moody,  Republican,  377;  joint  repre- 
sentative, William  King,  Republican,  522,  Thomas 
Hentley,  Independent  Democrat,  348 ;  district  attorney, 
Albert"  Allen,  Independent  Republican,  471,  W.  T. 
Stoll,  Democrat,  398:  probate  judge,  R.  E.  McFar-  ' 
land,  Democrat,  408,  J.  C.  Harkness,  Republican,  400, 
C.  P.  Tatro,  Independent,  56;  recorder,  X.  S.  Burke, 
Independent,  298,  T.  E.  McLelland,  Republican,  297, 
Robert  Neill,  Democrat,  278;  treasurer,  Francis  Jen-  ] 
kins,  Republican,  398,  Philip  Markson,  Democrat,  ! 
380,  C.  C.  Higby,  Independent,  91;  sheriff,  T.  B.I 
Guthrie,  Democrat,  455.  William  Chambers,  Republi-  ] 
can,  233,  T.  L.  Dunwell,  Independent,  183 ;  assessor,  5 
A.  Kavanaugh,  Democrat,  426,  A.  Rerikert,  Republi- 
can, 343,  D.  Doherty,  Independent,  108;  commission- 
ers, C.  T.  F.  Bass,  "Independent  Republican.  506,  M.  I 
C.  Human,  Republican,  447,  Frank  Grove,  Democrat, 
411,  Patrick  Mahoney,  Democrat,  409,  William.Keeler,  I 
independent  Republican,  372,  Charles  Grossman,  Dem- 
ocrat, 322,  Edward  Moffitt.  Independent,  95  ;  surveyor,  . 
Jerry  Dunlee,  Democrat,  446.  John  M.  Marsh,  Repub- " 
iican,  426;  coroner,  J.  McLansing,  Independent  Re- 
publican, 495,  J.  A.  Campbell,  Democrat,  372. 

In  1886  the  main  issue  before  the  voter  was  the  - 
Mormon  question,  the~  Republicans  being  the  most 
radical  against  that  rapidly  growing  power.  In  this 
county  the  Republicans  and  Democrats  divided  honors, 
ss  will  be  seen  from  the  following  official  summary 
of  the  vote  cast:  For  delegate.  F.  T.  Dubois,  Re- 
publican, 921,  John  Hailey,  Democrat,  893 :  joint  coun- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


cilman,  Alexander  E.  Mayhew,  Democrat,  972 
(elected),  W.  H.  Clagett,  Republican,  838;  joint  as- 
semblyman, John  M.  Burke,  Democrat,  951  (elected), 
O.  A".  Dodge,  Republican,  835;  assemblyman,  Dr.  R. 
S.  Harvey,  Democrat,  977,  Albert  Allen,  Republican, 
8i8;~  sheriff,  Thomas  F.  Hanley,  Republican,  1,000, 
T.  B.  Guthrie,  Democrat,  800;  auditor  and  recorder, 
Thomas  E.  McLelland,  Republican,  986,  Robert  Neill, 
Democrat,  806;  treasurer,  [ohn  Coumerilh,  Democrat, 
1,266,  Warren  Hussey,  Republican,  508;  assessor,  J. 
B.  Fenn,  Republican,  "1,058,  G.  V.  Byrnett,  Democrat, 
743;  district  attorney,  Walter  A.  Jones,  Republican, 
925,  B.  F.  Stoll,  Democrat,  854 ;  superintendent  of 
schools,  W.  W.  Hammell,  Republican,  909,  A.  O. 
Ingalls,  Democrat,  894;  surveyor,  X.  S.  Burke,  Demo- 
crat, 904,  Frank  C.  Loring,  Republican,  894;  probate 
iudge,  G.  M.  Cone,  Democrat,  916,  Henry  S.  Gregory, 
"Republican,  887;  commissioners  ist  district,  T.  J. 
Argyle,  Democrat,  345,  A.  L.  Scofield,  Republican, 
333;'  2d  district,  W.  C.  Human,  Republican,  101,  J. 
H.  Miller,  Democrat,  93;  3d  district,  Patrick  Mc- 
Gowan,  Democrat,  516,  Robert  T.  Horn,  Republican, 
403;  coroner,  J.  C.  Bolander,  Democrat,  917,  W.  P. 
Couillard,  Republican,  873. 

The  main  features  of  the  campaign  of  1888,  was  the 
county  seat  contest,  which  we  will  not  discuss  here, 
in  as  much  as  the  subject  has  been  fully  treated  in 
another  chapter  of  this  history.  The  south  fork  of 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  was  rapidly  becoming  more  popu- 
lous than  the  north  Tork  and  naturally  enough,  an 
j  attempt  was  made  to  remove  the  county  seat  to  a 
point  on  the  former  stream.  The  attempt  failed.  The 
Republicans  held  their  convention  at  Wallace,  Sep- 
tember 20th  and  adopted  a  platform  in  accord  with  the 
national  one.  They  also  endorsed  Dubois  for  a  second 
I  term  as  delegate.  The  Democrats  met  at  Wardner, 
Wednesday,  October  y\.  Their  platform  was  also  an 
endorsement  of  the  national  platform,  besides  which 
it  endorsed  Hawley  for  delegate.  Both  conventions 
ignored  the  annexation  question,  except  in  so  much 
;  as  to  declare  themselves  in  favor  of  statehood  for  the 
territory.  The  official  vote  follows :  " 

Delegate,  James  H.  Hawley,  Democrat,  737,  Fred 
T.  Dubois,  Republican,  1,029,  Norman  Buck,  Annex- 
I  ationist.  35 ;  joint  councilman,  Alexander  E.  Mayhew. 
Democrat,  992,  George  T.  Crane,  Republican,  805 ; 
joint  representative,  John  M.  Burke,  Democrat,  906, 
:'  J.  Rand  Sandburn,  Republican,  842;  representative, 
Robert  S.  Harvey,  Democrat,  794,  Isaac  C.  Sargent, 
Republican,  985;  sheriff,  Richard  A.  Cunningham, 
Democrat,  920,  Jerry  Savage,  Republican,  872  ;  auditor 
and  recorder,  Frank  Tibbals,  Democrat.  899,  Thomas 
E.  McLelland,  Republican,  890 ;  treasurer,  David  Holz- 
man,  Democrat,  790,  George  W.  Owens,  Republican, 
964;  assessor  and  collector,  James  Ferguson,  Demo- 
crat, 550,  John  B.  Fenn,  Republican,  1,241;  probate 
judge,  George  M.  Cone,  Democrat,  863,  John  C.  Hark- 
ness,  Republican,  927 ;  district  attorney,  Albert  Hagan, 
Democrat,  780,  Charles  W.  O'Neill,  Republican,  1,008; 
superintendent  of  schools,  Albert  O.  Ingalls,  Demi 
crat,  023,  O.  H.  Culver,  Republican,  863;  corone., 
Joseph  A.  R.  Campbell,  Democrat,  855,  James  C.  Bo- 


lander,  Republican,  930;  surveyor,  Xifery  S.  Burke, 
Democrat,  843,  Frank  C.  Loring,  Republican,  952; 
commissioners  ist  district,  Thomas  Shuster,  Democrat, 
183,  Fred  A.  Weber,  Republican,  250;  2d  district, 
William  Gerrard,  Democrat,  483,  Nelson  Martin,  Re- 
publican, 267;  P.  J.  Holohan,  Democrat,  296,  G. 
Scott  Anderson,  Republican,  302. 

As  showing  the  distribution  of  the  voting  popula- 
tion of  the  county  at  this  time  we  give  herewith  the 
vote  by  precincts  "for  delegate :  Wardner,  399 ;  Mur- 
ray, 226;  Delta,  71;  Myrtle,  21;  Eagle,  56;  Carbon, 
35;  Milo,  124;  Wardner  Junction,  59;  Kingston,  94; 
Osburn,  74;  Burke,  244;  Wallace,  202;  Mullan,  118; 
Pierce,  17;  Weippe,  21. 

Another  county  seat  contest  marked  the  election 
of  1890,  with  the  same  result  as  in  1888,— the  county 
seat  remained  where  it  was,  at  Murray.  Both  county 
conventions  met  at  Wallace,  the  Democratic  conven- 
tion on  August  i8th,  the  Republican  on  the  I2th.  The 
platforms  adopted  were  purely  national  in  character. 
Below  will  be  found  the  vote  cast  at  this  election  in 
this  county:  Congressman,  5 ist  congress,  Alexander 

E.  Mayhe'w,  Democrat,  1,026,  Willis  Sweet,  Republi- 
can,   1,149;    52(i    congress,    Alexander    E.    Mayhew, 
Democrat,"   1,019,   Willis   Sweet,    Republican,     1,154; 
governor,  Benjamin  Wilson,  Democrat,  979,  George 
L.  Shoup,  Republican,   1,198;  lieutenant  governor,  S. 

F.  Taylor,  Democrat,  988,  N.  B.  Willey,  Republican, 
1,192;  secretary  of  state,  E.  A.  Sherwin,  Democrat, 
991,   A.  J.   Pinkham,    Republican,    1,185;    treasurer, 
Timothy  Regan,  Democrat,  992,  Frank  R.  Coffin,  Re- 
publican.    1,186;    state    auditor,  J.  H.   Wickersham, 
Democrat,  994,  Silas   Moody,  Republican,   1,184;  at-  " 
torney    general,    R.    Z.    Johnson,    Democrat,     1,005, 
George  H.  Roberts,  Republican,  1,172;  superintendent 
of  public  instruction,  M.  A.  Kelly,  Democrat,  996,  J. 
Harroun,  Republican,  1,181 ;  justices  of  supreme  court, 
F.  E.  Ensign,  H.  W.  Weir,  I.  N.  Maxwell,  Democrats, 
i, 008.  981  and  992,  respectively,  Joseph  W.  Huston, 
J.  T.  Morgan  and  I.  N.  Sullivan,  Republicans,  1,194, 
1,164  and  1,190,  respectively;  state  senators,  W.  W. 
Woods,  Democrat,  1,008,  Robert  Neill,  Democrat,  979, 
J.  S.  Langrishe,  Republican,  1,156,  John  A.  Finch.  Re- 
publican,   1,182;    representatives,    J.    W.    McMullen, 
Peter  Joyce,  M.  Maher,  W'illiam  Powers,  Democrats, 
965,  992,   1 ,009  and   1,023,  respectively,  James  Cam- 
eron, C.  D.  Porter,  A.  L.  Scofield,  John  Hanley,  Re- 
publicans, 1,154,  i,i75,  I)I95  ar>d  1,141  votes,  respect- 
ively;   district    judge,    Junius    Holleman,    Democrat, 
1,117,  M.  C.  Athey,  Republican,  1,012;  district  attor- 
ney, R.  E.  McFarfand,  Democrat,  920,  C.  W.  O'Neil, 
Republican.  1,150:  clerk  and  recorder,  Barry  N.  Hill- 
ard.  Democrat,  1,432,  M.  J.  Sweeney,  Republican,  726; 
sheriff,  R.  A.  Cunningham,  Democrat,   1,231,  George 
Hardesty,   Republican,   923;   treasurer,   Fred   Dutton, 
Democrat,  950,  F.  F.  Johnson,  Republican,  1,222;  as- 
sessor, William  Gerrard,  Democrat,  938,  John  B.  Fenn, 
Republican,  1,227;  probate  judge,  A.  O.  Ingalls,  Dem- 
ocrat, 973,   H.   S.   Gregory,   Republican,    1,195;  com- 
missioners,   ist   district,   C.   N.    Ferguson,    Democrat, 
152,  Camil  Kraus,  Republican,  173:  2d  district,  Paul 
Hirlinger,  Democrat,  253,  George  T.  Crane,  Republi- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


can,  315;  3d  district,  John  W.  Livers,  Dem 
W.  S.  Has'  ' 


rat,  640, 

iskins,  Republican,  620;  surveyor,  Jerry  Dun- 
lee,  Democrat,  958,  Frank  C.  Loring,  Republican, 
1,212;  coroner,  W.  S.  Sims,  Democrat,  1,094,  D.  H. 
Brien,  Republican,  1,084.  From  the  foregoing  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  county  was  strongly  Republican. 

Still  another  county  seat  contest  marked  the  cam- 
paign of  1892,  in  which  Murray  and  Wallace  were  the 
rival  candidates.  Because  of  the  aspirations  of  other 
towns  on  the  south  fork  Wallace  lost  the  county  seat 
for  the  time  being,  through  a  lack  of  only  25  votes, 
as  will  be  seen  from  the  vote  given  below.  In  1892, 
also,  the  Populist  party  first  came  into  the  local  field, 
although  it  is  true  that  no  nominations  for  county 
offices  were  made  until  two  years  later.  The  Prohi- 
bitionists polled  a  vote  of  less  than  10  in  this  county. 
Harrison  received  936  votes;  Cleveland,  971  votes. 
The  vote  for  other  officers  was:  For  congressman, 
Willis  Sweet,  Republican,  887,  Edward  B.  True,  Dem- 
ocrat, 796,  James  Gunn,  Populist,  175  ;  supreme  judge, 
Isaac  N.  Sullivan,  Republican,  839,  Francis  N.  En- 
sign, Democrat.  865,  Thomas  M.  Stewart,  Populist, 
6;  state  senators,  I.  B.  Cowan,  Republican,  808,  John 
R.  Stephens,  Republican,  810,  Alexander  E.  Mayhew, 
Democrat,  1,030,  Robert  Neill,  Democrat,  931;  rep- 

oitatives,  Robert  E.  Brown,  William  King,  W. 


Sheill,  Henry  Drought,  Republicans,  837,  935,  869 
and  840  votes,  respectively,  Palmer  G.  Cartnell,  W.  H. 
Frazer,  Charles  Heim,  Frank  Gaffney,  Democrat; 


$34,  873  and  886  votes,  respectively,  Wilson  R. 
Stokes,  Independent,  65 ;  governor,  William  J.  Mc- 
Connell,  Republican,  198,  John  M.  Burke  (one  of  the 
pioneers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene),  Democrat,  902,  Abra- 
ham J.  Crook,  Populist,  234;  lieutenant  governor, 
Frank  B.  Willis,  Republican,  831,  George  V.  Bryan, 
Democrat,  880,  Junius  B.  Wright,  Populist,  135 ;  sec- 
retary of  state,  James  F.  Curtis,  Republican,  802, 
James  W.  Wickersham,  Democrat,  933,  Benjamin  E. 
Chancy,  Populist,  113;  attorney  general,  George  M. 
Parsons,  Republican,  830,  William  T.  Reeves,  Demo- 
crat, 888.  John  R.  Wester,  Populist,  103;  treasurer, 
William  C.  Hill,  Republican,  837,  Philip  A.  Regan, 
Democrat.  906.  Thomas  J.  Sutton,  Populist,  101  ; 
auditor,  Frank  C.  Ramsay,  Republican,  839,  William 
J.  McClure,  Democrat,  878,  James  H.  Anderson,  Pop- 
ulist, 103 ;  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  B.  By- 
ron Lower,  Republican,  830,  John  W.  Farris,  Demo- 
crat, 879,  Leighton  L.  Shearer,  Populist,  102;  sheriff, 
Donald  R.  Cameron,  Republican,  1,039,  John  K- 
Waite,  Democrat,  919;  assessor,  Charles  B.  Halstead, 
Republican,  723,  John  T.  Argyle,  Democrat,  1,161 ; 

?robate  judge,  Henry  S.  Gregory,  Republican,  1,012, 
ames  E.  Gyde,  Democrat,  824;  treasurer,  Frank  F. 
Johnson.  Republican.  898,  Harry  R.  Hall.  Democrat, 
962:  surveyor,  W.  Clayton  Miller,  Republican,  935, 
Isaac  S.  Daly,  Democrat,  874;  coroner,  M.  W.  Burner, 
Republican.  "803,  W.  F.  Herrington,  Democrat,  1,011; 
commissioners,  1st  district,  Fred  T.  Dutton,  Demo- 
crat, 268,  no  opposition ;  2d  district,  Al.  Page,  Republi- 
can, 390,  John  Pelkes,  Democrat,  196;  3d  district, 
Marenus  Janse,  Republican,  415,  A.  W.  Steele,  Demo- 
crat, 542. 


The  vote,  by  precincts,  for  the  permanent  location 
of  the  county  seat  was  as,  follows :  Wardner,  for  Mur-  • 
ray  103,  for  Wallace  2bi ;  Wallace,  for  Murray  18, 
for  Wallace  457 ;  Mullan,  for  Murray  56,  for  Wallace 
156;  Burke,  for  Murray  41,  for  Wallace  92;  Gem,  for 
Murray  II,  for  Wallace  89;  Kellogg,  for  Murray  52, 
for  Wallace  457  5  Mullan,  for  Murray  56,  for  Wallace 
7 ;  Osburn,  for  Murray  76,  for  Wallace  28 ;  Kingston, 
for  Murray  17,  for  Wallace  43 ;  Littlefield,  for  Mur- 
ray 36,  for  Wallace  4 ;  Delta,  for  Murray  72,  for  Wal- 
lace, 6 ;  Eagle,  for  Murray  29,  for  Wallace  6 ;  Lolo,  for 
Murray  33,  for  Wallace  o;  Pierce,  for  Murray  12,  for 
Wallace  o;  Weippe,  for  Murray  22,  for  Wallace  2; 
Elk,  for  Murray  6,  for  Wallace  2;  total,  1,884  votes, 
of  which.  Murray  received  652,  Wallace  1,232;  vote 
necessary  to  choice.  1,256. 

On  December  8,  1892,  John  K.  Waite  filed  a  con- 
test for  the  office  of  sheriff,  alleging  fraud  and  corrup- 
tion in  the  precincts  of  Kellogg,  Wardner  and  Wallace, 
that  Cameron  was  not  a  citizen  at  the  time  of  his  elec- 
tion and  that  money  had  been  used  in  his  behalf  for 
bribery  purposes.  At  the  March  term  of  court,  1893, 
Judge  Holleman  dismissed  the  case. 

Two  years  later  the   People's  party   in   Shoshone 
county  had  attained  so  much  strength  that  it  was  able   . 
to  elect  its  candidates  to  every  office  except  two,  those   : 
of  probate  judge  and  county  clerk.      Every  labor  or-  1 
ganization  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  endorsed  the  People's 
party  platform  and  nominees.     The  silver  question  was 
the  paramount  issue  in  this  county,  although  the  tariff  1 
received  no  little  attention.     The  main  struggle  for  of-  j 
fice  was  between  the  candidates  for  sheriff,  clerk  and  ' 
state  representatives  and  senators.     The  People's  par- 
ty held  its  county  convention  at  Wallace,  July  23d ;  the   ', 
Democrats  convened  at  the  same  place  a  week  later; 
while  the  Republicans  did  not  meet  until  September 
2.5th,  holding  their  convention  in  Wallace,  also.     The  ] 
official  count  of  the  election,  held  on  November  6th, 
is  given  below. 

For  congressman,  James  M.  Ballentine,  Democrat, 
232,  James  Gunn,  Populist,  991,  Edgar  Wilson,  Re-  j 
publican,  668:  supreme  judge,  John  C.  Elder,  Demo-  • 
crat,  243,  Texas  Angel,  Populist,  904,  Joseph  W.  Hus-  j 
ton,  Republican,  684;  governor,  Edward  A.   Steven-  j 
son,   Democrat.  283,  James   W.    Ballentine,    Populist, 
930.  William  J.  McConnell,  Republican,  608;  lieuten-  . 
ant  governor,  John  B.  Thatcher,  Democrat,  260,  John  ( 
J.  Chambers,  Populist,  915,  Frederick-  Mills,  Republi- 
can, 671 ;  secretary  of  state,  James  R.  Hall,  Democrat,  ;' 
195,  Frank  Tibbals,  Populist,  1,108,  Isaac  W.  Garrett,  • 
Republican,  623 ;  treasurer,  James  H.  Bush,  Democrat, 
245,  Callistus  W.  Cooper,  Populist,  929,  Charles  Bunt- 
ing, Republican,  686;  auditor,  James  Stoddard,  Dem- 
ocrat,  230.   Frank   Walton,    Populist,   970,   Frank   C. 
Ramsay,  Republican,  672 ;  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction,   John  W.   Paris,   Democrat,   240,   Major  J.  I 
Steele,  Populist,  933,  Charles  A.  Foresman.  Republi- 
can, 683 :  attorney  general,  William  T.  Reeves,  Dem- 
ocrat, 243,   Robert   S.   Spence,  Populist,  934,  George 
M.    Parsons,   Republican,  677,   district   judge,   Junius 
Holleman,    Democrat,    243,    Alexander    E.  Mayhew, 
Populist,  1.223,  James  A.  Keat,  Republican,  481;  dis- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1023 


trict  attorney,  Robert  E.  McFarland,  Democrat,  208, 
Walter  A.  Jones,  Populist,  957,  Charles  W.  Beale,  Re- 
publican, 758 :  senators,  Hugh  France,  Democrat,  195, 
John  E.  Steen  and  Edward  Boyce,  Populists,  953  and 
•972  votes  respectively ;  William  W.  Hammeli  and  Phil- 
ip O'Rourkc,  Republican,  670  and  722  votes  respec- 
tively ;  representatives,  George  H.  Coonce,  Thomas 
Shuster,  Frank  Gaffney,  and  Charles  Heim,  Demo- 
crats, 174,  215,  185  and  169  votes  respectively,  Hur- 
ley L.  Hughes,  Robert  Neill,  John  J.  Sanders  and 
James  D.  Young,  Populists,  911,  992,  917,  and  936 
votes  respectively,  George  Garbutt,  William  King,  O. 
R.  Young  and  Charles  T.  Tozier,  Republicans,  711, 

-  654,  629  and  642  votes  respectively ;  commissioners, 
1st  district,  Frank  C.  Gordon,  Democrat,  233,  Adam 
Aulbach,  Populist,  924,  L.  M.  Parks,  Republican,  627; 
<jd    district,   Anderson    W.    Nuckols,    Democrat,    216, 
James  Lyle,  Populist,  923.  H.  L.  Day,  Sr.,  Republi- 
can, 630;  3d  district,  Richard  Wilson,  Democrat,  288, 
John  Stack,  Populist,  956,  Gus  Walgren,  Republican, 
530;   sheriff,   Eugene   Sage,    Populist,    i,m,    Francis 
Jenkins,   Republican,   814;   clerk,   Barry   N.   Hillard, 
Democrat,  1,048,  Andrew  E.  Carlson,  Republican,  689; 
treasurer,  Fred  Dutton,  Democrat,  249,  Charles  A.  Ir- 
vin,   Populist,  831,   Charles   Swain,   Republican,  739, 
probate  judge,   lames  E.  Gyde,  Democrat,  609,  Isaac 
H.  Kelly,  Populist,  598,  Henry  S.  Gregory,  Republi- 
can, 619:  assessor,  John  C.  McDiarmid,  Democrat,  524, 
Fred  W.  Walton,  Populist,  828,  Thomas  A.  Helm,  Re- 
publican, 539:  coroner,  Charles  V.  Genoway,  Democrat, 
266,   William   F.   Herrington,   Populist,  886, 'William 
Worstell..  Republican,  676 ;  surveyor,  W.  Clayton  Mil- 
ler, Populist.  1,130,  James  M.  Porter,  Republican,  691. 

The  memorable  campaign  of  1896  witnessed  the 
dissolution  of  the  Republican  party  in  Shochone  county 
as  it  did  in  other  counties  in  the  state,  also  serious  di- 
visions among  contemporary  parties.  Here  as  else- 
where the  silver  question  was  the  paramount  issue  and 
as  might  have  been  expected  of  the  greatest  silver  camp 
in  the  Northwest.  Shoshone  county  cast  an  enormous 
silver  vote,  more  than  seventy-nine  per  cent  of  the  total 
vote  polled.  The  first  division  in  the  Republican  party 
took  place  at  the  convention  held  at  Wallace,  August 
I7th,  held  for  the  purpose  of  electing  delegates  to  the 
state  convention.  The  gold  wing  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Weldon  K.  Heyburn  left  the  convention  hall  and 

•  assembled  at  the  Carter  house  where  delegates  were 
|  «lected  to  attend  the  regular  convention  at  Boise.    The 
:   silver  wing  adopted  resolutions  announcing  its  allegi- 
|  ance  to  the  principles  of  bi-metallism,  protection,  reci- 
I  procity  and  restricted  immigration,  but  asserting  that 

the  silver  question  was  the  main  issue  in  this  county, 
in  the  state  and  in  the  nation.  At  Boise  the  silverites 
combined  their  forces  and  placed  in  nomination  a  fusion 
ticket  under  the  name  of  the  People's  Democratic  par- 

.  ty.  September  i8th,  the  Populist,  Democratic  and  Sil- 
ver Republican  conventions  assembled  in  Wallace.  It 
•was  considered  probable  that  the  Populists  and  Dem- 
ocrats would  effect  a  union  of  forces,  but  some  misun- 
derstandings regarding  the  distribution  of  offices  arose 
and  the  parties  were  unable  to  agree.  Thereupon  the 

•  Populists  nominated  a  straight  party  ticket.     The  Dem- 


ocrats then  opened  negotiations  with  the  Silver  Re- 
publicans, met  with  success  and  a  union  ticket  was 
placed  in  the  field.  The  Populists  incorporated  an 
equal  suffrage  plank  in  their  platform.  Eight  days 
later  the  Republican  county  convention  was  called  to 
order  at  Wardner  and  proceeded  to  nominate  men 
pledged  to  suport  the  national  platform.  Among  oth- 
er resolutions  passed,  was  one  commendatory  of  Ma- 
rion Kramer,  prosecuted  for  perjury  in  connection  with 
the  trial  of  Walter  A.  Jones  for  murder.  The  con- 
vention declared  him  innocent  and  that  he  was  the  ob- 
ject of  malicious  persecution. 

The  official  vote  follows  :  Presidential  electors  W. 
W.  Woods,  William  F.  Smith,  Lorenzo  L.  Evans, 
People's  Democratic  party  nominees,  1,760,  1,741  and 
1,736  votes  each,  W.  B.  Heyburn,  James  F.  Ailshie, 
George  C.  Parkinson,  Republican  nominees,  497,  493 
and  496  votes  each ;  congressman,  James  Gunn,  Popu- 
list-Democrat, 1,067,  William  E.  Borah,  Silver  Repub- 
lican, 525,  John  T.  Morrison,  Republican,  508;  gover- 
nor, Frank  Steunenberg,  Fusionist,  1,533,  David  H. 
Budlong,  Republican,  582 ;  lieutenant  governor,  George 
F.  Moore,  Populist-Democrat,  967,  Edward  B.  True, 
Silver  Republican,  558;  Vincent  Bierbower,  Republi- 
can, 521 ;  secretary  of  state,  George  J.  Lewis,  Populist- 
Democrat,  992,  Isaac  W.  Garrett,  Republican,  572, 
Charles  Durand,  Silver  Republican,  518;  auditor, 
James  H.  Anderson,  Populist-Democrat,  979,  Elmore 
A.  McKenna,  Republican,  566,  Bartlett  Sinclair,  Sil- 
ver Republican,  509;  treasurer,  George  H.  Storer, 
Populist- Democrat,  960,  Timothy  Regan,  Democrat, 
534,  Frank  C.  Ramsey,  Republican,  584 ;  attorney  gen- 
eral, R.  E.  McFarland,  Populist-Democrat,  941,  John 
A.  Bagley,  Republican,  564,  George  M.  Parsons,  Silver 
Republican,  562 ;  superintendent  of  public  instruction, 
L.  N.  B.  Anderson,  Populist-Democrat,  956,  Charles 
A.  Foresman,  Republican,  588,  Mathias  F.  Cow-ley, 
Silver  Republican,  496;  mine  inspector,  Benjamin  F. 
Hastings,  Populist-Democrat,  1,479,  Theodore  Brown, 
600;  supreme  judge,  Ralph  P.  Quarles,  Populist- 
Democrat,  940,"  Drew  W.  Standrod,  Republican, 
564,  Edgar  Wilson,  Silver  Republican,  537 ;  state  sen- 
ator, James  D.  Young,  Populist-Democrat,  951, 
Charles  W.  O'Neil,  Silver  Republican,  632,  George  B. 
Dean,  Republican,  536;  representatives,  C.  C.  Fuller, 
Thomas  Clagett,  Ed.  J.  Flannigan,  W.  R.  Golden- 
smith,  Populist-Democrats,  887,  877,  864,  861  votes 
respectively,  Robert  T.  Horn,  John  P.  Sheehy,  Ed- 
ward Hammond,  Thomas  F.  Donahue,  Democrat-Sil- 
ver Republicans,  738,  730,  719  and  717  votes  respec- 
tively, N.  R.  Dunn,  H.  I,  Chamberlain.  William  B. 
Sams,  W.  Scott  Landes,  Republican,  562,  516, 
si6  and  512  votes  respectively;  commissioners, 
'ist  district,  M.  S.  Simmons,  Populist-Democrat,  881, 
H.  H.  Hathaway.  Republican,  576,  John  T.  Pollock, 
Silver  Republican,  545;  2nd  district,  H.  L.  Day,  Sr., 
Democrat-Silver  Republican,  1,186,  Harry  Drought, 
Republican,  623,  H.  L.  Day,  Independent. '190,  James 
Lyle,  Populist,  19;  3rd  district,  Frank  Ryan.  Populist- 
Democrat,  880,  George  W.  Moore,  Republican,  601, 
W.  B.  Pvper,  Democrat-Silver  Republican,  580; 
sheriff,  Thomas  Heney,  Populist-Democrat,  965, 


1024 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Frank  M.  Rose,  Republican,  722,  John  F.  Murphy, 
Democrat-Silver  Republican,  585;  treasurer,  William 
P.  Northrup,  Republican,  774,  Albert  Johnson.  Dem- 
ocrat-Silver Republican,  681 ;  assessor,' James  J.  Pur- 
cell,  Populist-Democrat,  847,  Adam  Goettge,  Republi- 
can, 675,  C.  C.  Higby,  Democrat-Silver  Republican, 
594;  probate  judge,  Joseph  F.  Whelan,  Populist-Demo- 
.  crat,  870,  M.  E.  Rogers,  Republican,  640,  Charles 
Heim,  Democrat-Silver  Republican,  531 ;  surveyor, 
George  R.  Trash,  Democrat-Silver  Republican,  688, 
David  A.  Porter,  Republican,  647;  coroner,  F.  P. 
Matchette,  Populist-Democrat,  888,  Charles  V.  Geno- 
way,  Democrat-Silver  Republican,  751  ;  amendments, 
for  woman  suffrage,  625,  opposed,  582,  for  the  creation 
of  the  office  of  county  attorney,  670,  opposed,  356,  for 
the  separation  of  the  offices  of  probate  judge  and  super- 
intendent of  public  instruction,  658,  opposed,  379.  The 
Prohibition  vote  for  any  one  officer  did  not  exceed  10. 
Conditions  obtained  in  1898  similar  to  those  in  1896. 
The  Democrats  and  the  two  wings  of  the  Republican 
party  held  their  conventions  in  Wallace  about  the  first 
of  September.  A  long  and  determined  effort  was 
made  by  the  Silver  Republicans  and  Democrats  to 
effect  fusion,  but  without  success.  Finally  the  Silver 
Republicans  and  the  Gold  Republicans  agreed  to  nom- 
inate a  joint  ticket,  which  was  done  forthwith.  The 
Democrats  adjourned  until  September  I5th  when  they 
nominated  an  independent  ticket.  The  Populists  con- 
vened at  Mullan  September  I2th.  Among  other  can- 
didates they  placed  before  the  people  were  two  women, 
nominees  for  treasurer  and  superintendent  of  public 
instruction.  From  the  official  vote  given  below,  the 
political  condition  may  be  better  judged:  For  con- 
gressman, James  Gunn,  Populist,  1,526,  Weldon  B. 
Heyburn,  Republican,  734,  Edgar  Wilson,  Silver  Re- 
publican, 968,  William  G.  Boone,  Prohibitionist,  22; 
for  governor,  James  H.  Anderson,  Populist,  1,518, 
Albert  B.  Moss,  Republican,  733,  Frank  Steunenberg, 
Democrat,  978.  Mrs.  Marv  C.  Johnson,  Prohibitionist, 
33;  lieutenant  governor,  Tannas  E.  Miller,  Populist, 
1,464,  James  F.  Hunt,  Republican,  764,  Joseph  H. 
Hutchinson,  Democrat-Silver  Republican,  919,  James 
Ballentine,  Prohibitionist,  23 ;  secretary  of  state,  Jo- 
seph H.  Bonham,  Populist.  1,472,  Robert  S.  Bragaw. 
Republican,  776,  Mart.  Patrie,  Democrat-Silver  Repub- 
lican, 867.  John  W.  Knott,  Prohibitionist,  22 :  attorney 
general,  Thomas  L.  Glenn,  Populist,  1,456,  Frank  T. 
Wyman,  Republican,  772,  Samuel  H.  Hays,  Democrat- 
Silver  Republican,  897,  William  A.  Hall,  Prohibition- 
ist, 18;  state  auditor,  Arthur  G.  Whittier,  Populist, 
1,460,  Tames  H.  VanCamp,  Republican,  781,  Bartlett 
Sinclair,  Democrat  -  Silver  Republican,  886,  Mrs. 
Naomi  McD.  Phelps,  Prohibitionist,  30;  state  treas- 
urer, Lucius  C.  Rice,  Democrat- Silver  Republican, 
2,318,  George  W.  Fletcher.  Republican.  785.  John  J. 
Anthony,  Prohibitionist,  23;  mine  inspector.  David 
Farmer,  Populist,  1,535,  Jonn  W.  Stoddard,  Republi- 
can, 767,  J.  A.  Czizek,  Democrat-Silver,  Republican- 
Prohibitionist.  814:  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, Permeal  French,  Democrat-Silver-Republican- 
Populist,  2,092,  Miss  Lucy  F.  Dean,  Republican, 
1,056,  Joshua  N.  Reynolds,  Prohibitionist,  20;  supreme 


judge.  Isaac  X.  Sullivan,  Democrat-Silver  Republican- 
Populist,  1,194,  Drew  W.,Standrod,  Republican,  827- 
district  judge,  Wallace  N.  Morphy.  1473,  Alexander 
E.  Mayhew,  Democrat-Silver  Republican.  1,371  •  state 
senator,  Charles  F.  Easton,  Populist,  1458,  Robert  N. 
Dunn,  Republican-Silver  Republican,  1,340,  Daniel 
Harrington,  Democrat,  366;  representatives,  John  F 
Stark,  Populist,  1,463,  Edward  Beaudette,  Populist 
1,458.  William  A.  Miller,  Populist,  1.472,  C.  S.  Moody, 
Populist,  1,447,  George  W.  Moore.  Republican-Silver 
Republican,  1317,  Henry  Drought,  Republican-Silver 
Republican,  1,258,  Alfred  Page.  Republican-Silver  Re- 
publican, 1,344,  Thomas  E.  Anderson,  Republican-Sil- 
ver Republican,  1,244,  William  O.  Early.  Democrat. 
330,  Richard  P.  Bacon,  Democrat,  324,  Charles  Heim, 
Democrat,  319,  John  T.  Molloy,  Democrat,  320: 
sheriff,  James  D.  Young.  Populist,  1.512,  Angus  Suth- 
erland, Republican-Silver  Republican,  1,368,  Mill 
P.  Cheney,  Democrat,  474 ;  clerk,  Edward  Boyce,  F 
ulist,  1,514.  Horace  M.  Davenport.  Republican-Si 
Republican,  1,651,  George  Miner,  Democrat,  162:  z 
fessor,  Michael  J.  Dowd,  Populist,  1,451,  John  C.  F 
han,  Republican-Silver  Republican,  1,326,  Andi 
McClusky,  Democrat,  414,  treasurer.  Mrs.  Anna 
ner,  Populist-Democrat,  1,695,  W.  P.  Northrup,  1__ 
publican-Silver  Republican,  1,546:  probate  judge,  A. 

D.  McKinlay.    Populist-Democrat,    1,690,    Henry    S. 
Black,    Republican-Silver    Republican,    1,453;    county 
attorney,   Henry   F.    Samuels,   Populist.    1,636.  James 

E.  Gyde,     Democrat-Silver     Republican-Republican, 
1,565;  superintendent  of  schools,  Miss  Mary  Halpin, 
Populist,   1,490,  Adelaide  M.  Vance,  Democrat-Silver 
Republican-Republican,  1,739;  surveyor.  David  Reese, 
Republican-Silver  Republican,  1,372,  George  R.  Trask, 
Democrat,   679;   coroner.    F.    P.    Matchette,    Populist, 
1.551,  Hugh  France,  Democrat-Republican-Silver  Re- 
publican, T.594;  commissioners,  1st  district,  Moses  S.     *j 
Simmons,  Populist.  1,600,  Fynis  C.  Gordon,  Democrat- 
Republican-Silver     Republican,     1.483:     2nd     district. 
William  Boyle.  Populist,  1,470,  Charles  S.  Perrin,  Re- 
publican-Silver Republican.   1,289.  George  McKinnis, 
Democrat,  332 ;  3d  district,  William  Stimson.  Populist, 
1,513,    Samuel    R.    Trengove,    Republican-Silver    Re- 
publican, 1,228,  John  T.  Argyle.  Democrat.  382. 

In   1898,  also,  the  county  seat  was  removed  from    <. 
Murray  to  Wallace,  by  the  following  vote:     Murray, 
864,  Wallace,  2,471. 

The  campaign  of  1900  was  not  as  demonstrative  a  ; 
one  in  this  county  as  the  campaign  of  1896  or  that  of 
1898.  The  silver  question  dropped  into  the  back- 
ground, its  place  being  taken  by  those  of  "imperialism" 
and  other  administration  policies.  The  Silver  Repub- 
licans in  this  county  disbanded  their  party  organization 
and  individually  joined  one  of  the  other  parties.  The 
Democratic  party,  after  adjusting  factional  differences 
between  the  Clark-Barton  and  the  Murphy  wings,  fused 
with  the  Populists  and  nominated  a  union  ticket  Sep- 
tember 4th.  The  official  vote  cast  at  the  election  fol- 
lows: 

For  presidential  electors.  Joshua  G.  Rowton.  Re- 
publican, 2,378,  George  M.  Parsons.  Republican,  2,360, 
Weldon  B.  Heyburn.  Republican,  2,347,  James  W.  I 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Reid,  Democrat.  2.901,  Edward  J.  Dockery,  Democrat, 
2,868,  Samuel  J.  Rick,  Democrat,  2.870 ;  congressman, 
John  T.  Morrison,  Republican,  2,446,  Thomas  L. 
Glenn,  Democrat,  2,654;  supreme  judge,  Edgar  C. 
Steele,  Republican,  2,474,  C.  O.  Stocklager,  Democrat, 
2,610;  governor,  Drew  W.  Standrod,  Republican, 
2,505,  Frank  W.  Hunt,  Democrat,  2,791 ;  lieutenant 
governor,  Addison  A.  Crane,  Republican,  2,479, 
Thomas  F.  Terrell,  Democrat,  2,759  '  secretary  of  state, 
Martin  Patrie.  Republican,  2,476,  Charles  J.  Bassett, 
Democrat,  2,742 :  auditor,  Henry  J.  Syms,  Republican, 
2,454,  Egbert  W.  Jones,  Democrat,  2,742;  treasurer, 
George  H.  Kester,  Republican,  2,470,  John  J.  Plumer, 
Democrat,  2,739;  attorney  general,  George  E.  Gray, 
Republican,  2,571,  Frank  Martin,  Democrat,  2,691 ; 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  Jessie  Riley,  Re- 
publican, 2,455,  Permeal  French,  Democrat,  2,737 ; 
mine  inspector,  Robert  D.  Bell,  Republican,  2,457, 
Martin  H.  Jacobs,  Democrat.  2,720;  state  senator, 
John  L.  Dunn,  Republican,  2.482 ;  Charles  S.  Moody, 
Democrat,  2.773 :  representatives,  John  Johnston,  Isaac 
M.  Busby,  James  R.  Green,  Elias  E.  Horst,  Repub- 
licans, 2,540,  2,562,  2,538  and  2,535  respectively, 
Glenn  P.  McKiniay,  Edmund  R.  Oxley,  Thomas  Hen- 
ley, John  Kelley,  Democrats,  2,642,  2,636,  2,710,  2,632, 
respectively ;  county  attorney,  R.  N.  Dunn,  Republican, 
2,634.  James  M.  Addle,  2,581 ;  commissioners,  Albert 
Otto,  Henry  Drought,  Israel  B.  Cowan.  Republicans, 
2,566,  2,489  and  2,581,  respectively,  Moses  S.  Sim- 
mons, John  M.  Elliott,  Frank  Gaffney,  Democrats. 
2,607,  2,696  and  2,576,  respectively ;  sheriff,  Angus 
Sutherland.  Republican,  2,807,  James  Lyle,  Democrat, 
2,505:  treasurer,  Musa  K.  Howes,  Republican,  2,483, 
Anna  Connor,  Democrat,  2,731 ;  probate  judge,  Henry 
P.  Knight,  Republican,  2,596,  Alexander  D.  McKiniay, 
Democrat,  2,587;  superintendent  of  public  insruction, 
Charles  W., Vance,  Republican,  2,610,  Helen  L.  Young, 
2,619;  assessor.  Charles  S.  Perrin,  Republican,  2,349, 
George  Miner,  Democrat,  2,853 ;  coroner,  Abraham  L. 
Lehman,  Republican,  2,409,  Tracy  R.  Mason,  Demo- 
crat, 2,667;  surveyor,  David  B.  Porter,  Republican, 
•2,553-  John  Norclquist,  Democrat,  2,574. 

The  last  election  is  of  too  recent  date  to  require  a 
detailed  discussion  of  the  platforms  and  policies  of  the 
different  parties.  The  Republicans  met  at  Wallace 
September  16,  1902.  They  pledged  their  candidates 
for  the  legislature  to  support  W.  B.  Heyburn  for 
United  States  senator  and  also  to  support  the  move- 
ment under  way  for  the  segregation  of  the  southern 
portion  of  the  county.  The  Democrats  convened  at 
Wardner,  September  22cl.  They  indorsed  the  Poca- 
tello  platform,  and  pledged  themselves  to  economically 
administer  county  affairs  should  their  nominees  be 
elected.  The  Populists  and  Prohibitionists  each  placed 
a  ticket  in  the  field,  but  the  support  given  them  by  the 
voters  was  immaterial  in  determining  the  general  re- 


sult in  the  county.     The  official  canvass  of  the  Demr- 
cratic  and  Republican  votes  follows : 

For  congressman,  Burton  L.  French,  Republican, 
2,813,  Joseph  H.  Hutchinson,  Democrat,  2.085  :  gov- 
ernor, John  T.  Morrison,  Republican,  2,702,'  Frank 
W.  Hunt,  Democrat,  2,260 ;  lieutenant  governor,  James 
M.  Stevens..  Republican,  2,754,  William  E.  Adams, 
Democrat,  2,125;  secretary  of  state,  Wilmot  H.  Gib- 
son, Republican,  2,776,  Charles  J.  Bassett,  Democrat, 
2,108:  state  auditor,  Theodore  Turner,  Republican, 
2,758,  John  C.  Callahan,  Democrat,  2,'ii2;  state  treas- 
urer, Henry  N.  Coffin,  Republican,  2,748,  Edward  P. 
Coltman,  Democrat,  2,111;  attorney  general,  John  A. 
Bagley,  Republican,  2,753  J  Fred  D."  Culver,  Democrat, 
2,105,  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  Major  L. 
Scott,  Republican,  2,736,  Permeal  French,  Democrat, 
2,183  ;  mine  inspector,  Robert  Bell,  Republican,  2,672, 
John  H.  Norclquist,  Democrat,  2,206;  supreme  judge, 
James  F.  Ailshie,  Republican,  2,738,  Frank  E.  Fogg, 
Democrat,  2,083:  state  senator,  Bernard  F.  O'Neil, 
Republican.  2,864,  Patrick  H.  Blake,  Democrat,  2,028; 
representatives,  Ole  A.  Anderson,  James  R.  Greer, 
Howard  R.  McBride,  Alfred  Page,  Republicans,  2,716, 
2,634,  2,763  and  2,641,  respectively,  Mills  W.  Hoyle, 
Daniel  Harrington,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hutton,  Sumner 
Rigdon,  Democrats,  2,097,  2,\^2,  1,963,  2,137;  district 
judge,  Ralph  T.  Morgan,  Republican,  2,649,  Liguori 
A.  Doherty,  Democrat,  2,200:  county  clerk,  Stan- 
ley P.  Fairweather,  Republican,  2,759,  Jonn  P- 
Sheehy,  Democrat,  2,169;  commissioners,  ist  district, 
Fremont  S.  Rowe,  Republican,  2,715,  James  J.  Pur- 
cell,  Democrat,  2,118;  2d  district,  Ewen  Mclntosh,, 
Republican,  2,632,  Edward  Bolger,  Democrat,  2,110; 
3d  district,  Israel  B.  Cowan,  Republican,  2,695,  Edward 
J.  Clark,  Democrat,  2,108;  sheriff,  Charles  Manley,  Re- 
publican, 2,940,  Thomas  Heney,  Democrat,  2,042; 
county  attorney.  Robert  N.  Dunn,  Republican,  2,593, 
Henry  P.  Knight,  Democrat,  2,290;  treasurer,  Hans 
J.  Rice,  Republican,  2,521,  Mrs.  Carrie  Shearer,  Demo- 
crat, 2,357;  probate  judge,  Thaddeus  C.  Riddle,  Re- 
publican. 2.758,  John  H.  Wourms,  Democrat,  2,062; 
superintendent  of  schools,  Mary  O.  Wickersham,  Re- 
publican, 2,627,  Mrs.  Helen  L.  Young,  Democrat, 
2,293;  assessor,  William  T.  Hooper,  Republican, 
2,702,  Charles  Heim,  Democrat,  2,117;  coroner,  D.  E. 
Keep,  Republican,  2,688.  Franklin  P.  Matchette,  Demo- 
crat, 2.087;  surveyor,  David  A.  Porter,  Republican, 
2,736,  William  A.  Hesse,  Democrat,  2,112. 

At  the  last  session  of  the  legislature  Shoshone 
county  was  signally  honored  by  the  election  of  one  of 
her  foremost  citizens,  Welclon  "B.  Heyburn,  as  United 
States  senator  for  Idaho.  This  recognition  is  both  de- 
served and  popular  and  because  of  it  Shoshone  county 
will  doubtless  come  into  a  national  prominence  in  poli- 
tics during  the  next  few  years  as  the  home  of  one  of 
Idaho's  able  senators. 


CHAPTKR  V. 


CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


WALLACE. 

Congressman  Proctor  Knott  once  described  the  city 
of  Duluth,  Minessota,  as  a  glorious  metropolis,  "sit- 
ting at  the  feet  of  her  own  possibilities."  Far  more 
aptly  would  this  apply  to  Wallace,  the  capital  of  Sho- 
shone  county,  for  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  are  her  possi- 
bilities, and  among  them  she  nestles,  the  prettiest,  best 
groomed  municipality  in  northern  Idaho.  To  the 
Eagle,  a  small  sheet  published  temporarily  at  the  mining 
camp  of  Eagle,  Wallace  owes  the  first  notes  from  the 
trump  of  journalistic  fame.  .On  May  10,  1884,  the 
Eagle  said,  under  headline  of  "Placer  Center:" 

"This  is  the  name  of  a  new  town  started  on  the 
south  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene,  at  a  point  about  seven 
miles  up  the  road  from  Evolution.  The  town  is  situ- 
ated in  a  good  location  and  commands  the  Canyon  creek 
mines  and  other  tributaries  of  the  South  Fork,  wherein 
mining  in  a  small  way  is  going  on.  The  town  will  be 
a  good  point  for  prospectors  who  intend  to  put  in  a 
summer's  work  on  the  range  between  the  Coeur  d'- 
Alene and  St.  Joe,  and  its  permanency  is  assured  from 
the  fact  that  it  is  on  the  Mullan  road,  which  is  the  main 
emigrant  road  on  the  Bitter  Root  divide." 

"Placer  Center"  is  the  Wallace  of  today,  a  city  of 
handsomely  paved  streets,  substantial  business  blocks, 
elegant,  home-like  residences,  pure  water  in  ample 
quantity,  and  supplied  with  all  modern  municipal  im- 
provements. At  a  meeting  of  the  Shoshone  county 
commissioners,  May  2,  1888,  |.  C.  Harkness  presented 
a  petition  from  citizens  of  Wallace  praying  for  in- 
corporation of  the  town,  consisting  of  eighty  acres, 
originally  held  by  Colonel  W.  R.  Wallace, -by  virtue 
of  Sioux  half-breed  scrip.  This  petition  was  granted. 
The  commissioners  named  as  trustees  W.  R.  Wallace, 
D.  C.  McKissick,  Horace  King,  C.  M.  Hall  and  C. 
W.  Vedder. 

The  city  of  Wallace  is  located  on  portions  of  two 
sections,  34  and  27.  The  former  section  comprised  a 
part  of  the  original  filing  for  townsite  purposes,  of 
Col.  W.  R.  Wallace:  the  latter,  railroad  land  owned 
by  the  Northern  Pacific  railway  company.  The  energy 
and  patience  manifested  by  Col.  Wallace  in  securing 
the  townsite  of  the  city  which  bears  his  name,  was 
not  rewarded,  so  far  as  he  was,  financially,  concerned. 


His  claim  was  successfully  contested,  and  he  lost  the  . 
fruits  of  his  labor.    In  a  letter  to  the  editor  of  the  Mur- 
ray Sun,  dated  March  i,  1889,  Col.  Wallace  recites  his 
side  of  the  controversy  as  follows : 

For  two  years  I  held  the  land  on  which  the  town  was 
built,  on  an  agricultural  location,  and  with  my  own  hands 
split  the  rails  and  segregated  the  land  from  the  public  domain, 
and  when  I  had  secured  the  title  to  the  same  by  the  location 
of  Sioux  half-breed  scrip,  the  outside  fences  were  left  stand- 
ing, and  those  on  each  side  of  the  old  Mullan  road  were  taken 
down,  as  the  title  was  unquestioned.  And  from  all  past  pre- 

ment  never  claimed  that  the  scrip  was  other  than  genuine, 
but  in  1887  it  made,  through  the  general  land  office,  a  decision 
that,  because  the  scrip  had  been  located  by  a  duplicate  in 
Dakota,  the  original  and  genuine  scrip  was  canceled.  I 
can  prove  by  the  American  consul,  at  Winnipeg,  that  the  scrip 
was  located  by  the  original  owners,  Walter  Bourke  and  wife; 
that  he  made  oath,  and  still  lives  to  verify  the  same;  that 
he  had  never-  parted  with  the  original,  and  never  gave  anyone 
power  to  use  his  name  in  any  other  location ;  never  knew  of 
any  entry  of  this  (his  scrip),  and  under  this  I  felt  perfectly 
secure  that  the  title  would  be  made  to  the  "Wallace  Town- 
site  Company"  instead  of  the  claimants  in  Dakota,  and  steps 
were  taken  to  this  end  last  November  by  D.  C.  Corbin,  who 
employed  the  Hon.  Luther  Harrison,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

*  *  *  *  The  present  jumping  of  the  site  is  unjust, 
ajid  in  line  with  other  attempts  made  in  the  past  to  defraud 
our  pioneers  of  their  property.  *  *  *  *  I  have  built  roads 
leading  here,  and  borrowed  money  to  pay  for  the  same  that 
the  community  might  thrive.  I  have  lived  here  through  dark 
and  gloomy  days,  when  none  would  take  part  in  the  present  ' 
townsite  as  a  gift,  and  I  have  been  called  a  fool  and  crank 
because  I  could  see  in  the  future  an  opportunity  to  build  a 
prosperous  town,  while  they  could  not.  But  after  I  have 
proven  the  prophecy  of  five  years  ago,  by  my  energy  and 
work,  they  would  rob  me  of  what  little  I  have  left  of  the 

my  case  without  my  being  allowed  a  defense.  The  higher 
courts  will  ere  long  decide  the  validity  of  the  claimants.  Re- 
spectfully yours,  W.  R.  WALLACE. 

Results  of  the  decision  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  were  sensational.  Incidental  scenes  were  thus 
graphically  portrayed  in  the  Wallace  Miner : 

On  the  night  of  February  19,  1889,  the  ground  upon 
which  the  town  of  Wallace  now  stands  suddenly  reverted  from 
patented  ground  to  the  public  domain,  and  hundreds  who  had 
paid  for  government  title  to  lots  found  themselves  with  noth- 
ing but  squatters'  rights.  *  *  *  *  The  excitement  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


t  had  thrived 

foot  of  Wallace.     Sioux"  half-breed  scrip  had  been  placed  on 
this   eighty-acre  tract  for  the  sole  benefit  of  the  half-breed, 


office,  Idaho,  allowed  a 
fact,  with  the  original 


eiver  of  the  Coeur  d'Alem 
tion  by  W.  R.  Wallas,  aunt- 
said  piece  of  scrip,  for  a  tr 


nership. 

But  when  the  secretary  of  the  interior  decided  agains 
ertain  Sioux  scrip  location,  near  Glendive,  Montana,  a  fev 
our  citizens  concluded  that  if  that  location  was  defectiv. 
:  must  be.  It  was  not,  necessarily,  a  logical  con 


this  o 

more  daring  looked  over  the  town  plat,  and  finally  concluded 
that  the  lots  on  the  corner  of  Cedar  and  Sixth  streets  pos- 

quietly  walked  over  and  took  possession  of  it,  posting  a  notice 
in  a  conspicuous  place,  asserting  his  claims.      This  was  be- 


In  the  case  of  jGilbert  vs.  Sharpson   (.14  Munn,  544)   the 

operate  as  a  transfer  would  be  of  no  avail;  the  right  of  the 
half-breed  in  the  scrip  and  the  land  would  remain  the  same; 
it  could  not  be  made  revocable  nor  create  any  intent  in  the 
attorney.  Therefore  the  matter  is  solely  between  the  gov- 


This 


the 


papers  therein  appear  regular ;  therefore,  it  is  reasonable  to 
conclude  that  the  location  made  with  the  duplicate  scrip  was 
properly  made  and  that  the  patent  therein  was  in  full  satis- 


beginning.     The  corner  of  Bank  and  Sixth    

The  jumping  became  general.  Business  men,  laboring  men, 
hoboes  and  rounders  all  joined  the  wild  scramble  for  lots. 
Choice  business  locations>  went  first,  then  outside  property. 
Excitement  was  intense.  Hurriedly  written  notices  claiming 
so  many  feet  of  ground  were  placed  on  every  available  lot. 

the  affair.  A  few  were  cool-headed  and  quiet  in  their  de- 
meanor. Notable  among  these  was  Henry  Howes,  who,  view- 
ing the  wild  uproar  all  a'round  him,  quietly  said  he  had  been 
working  here  hard  for  three  years,  and  had  finally  secured  a 
place  to  build  a  home.  D.'C.  McKissick  and  C.  B.  Halstead 
were  two  other  cool  ones.  They  quietly  took  possession  of 
three  fine  lots,  corner  of  Cedar  and  Fifth,  built  a  bonfire  and 
sat  up  all  night. 

change  that  had  taken  place  in  the  ownership  of  property,  it 
was  regarded  by  some  as  a  huge  joke,  so  great  was  the  con- 
fidence in  the  word  of  W.  R.  Wallace.  The  hobo  element  was 
going  to  hold  the  ground,  right  or  wrong.  Possession  was 

which  included' the  mass  of  the  inhabitants,  realized  that  the 


The    government    having   thus    discharged    its    obligation 


the  - 


status 


. 

eetings  were  held,  records  examined  and  the  conclusion 
reached  that  the  land  was  public  domain,  subject  to  occupancy 
by  any  citizen  of  the  United  States.  The  secretary  of  the 
interior  has  just  decided  that  they  were  right,  and  the  appli- 
cations now  in  for  a  patent  will,  in  all  probability,  settle  the 
matter  beyond  a  doubt. 

The  foregoing  article,  published  in  the  white  heat 
of  the  excitement  attending  the  decision  of  the  secretary 
of  the  interior,  must  be  accepted  with  due  consider- 
ation. Many  respectable  citizens  were  compelled  to 
•'jump"  lots  in  order  to  protect  their  rights  and  the 
homes  they  had  established.  In  order  that  a  full  un- 
derstanding of  this  case  may  be  presented  to  the  reader, 
the  following  ruling  by  the  commissioner  of  the  general 
land  office  concerning"  this  matter  is  herewith  given  : 


Pages  27  to  32  of  the  decision 
Sept.  6)    is  as   follows:      By  act  of 

'          1aV'a 


f  the 


Bonrke  were  issued  five  pieces  of  scrip  for  480  acres  of  land. 
Said  scrip,  numbered  4,30,  letters  A.  B.  C.  D  and  E.,  A  and  B 
for  forty  acres  each,  C  for  eighty  and  D  and  E  for  160  acres 
•each. 


ommnrofindian    affairs    issued    a    duplicate   thereof; 

aid  duplicate  was  duly  located  March  9,  1880,  and  a  patent 
for  the  land  embraced  in  the  location  was  properly  issued 
as  hereinbefore  set  forth.  Thereafter,  on  the  fifth  of  June, 


March  13,  1889,  the  Register  reports  that  Mr.  Wallace  was 
but  no  appeal  was  properly  taken  therefrom.  In  view  of  the 
submitted'  by  the  counsel  on  both  sides,  I  conclude  that  the 

Mr.  Wallace  is  denied.  Action  is  suspended  under  Rule  80, 
of  practice. 

On  June  n,  1892,  a  townsite  patent  for  the  Wallace 
location  was  issued  to  John  L.  Dunn,  John  R.  Cameron, 
George  P.  White,  Henry  E.  Howes  and  Thomas  A. 
Helm",  trustees  of  Wallace,  for  the  north  half  of  the 
northeast  quarter  of  section  34,  township  48,  north 

This  tract  embraced  the  greater  portion  of  the  present 
townsite.  The  land  on  section  27,  north  of  an  alley 
between  Pine  and  Cedar  streets,  was  railroad  land. 
This  has  been  sold  to  Wallace  citizens,  a  portion,  lying 
along  the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river,  hav- 
ing been  donated  to  the  city  for  park  purposes  by  the 
Northern  Pacific  railway  company. 

Following  the  contest  on  July  12,  1892,  was  filed 
the  original  town  plat,  surveyed  by  J.  M.  Potter.  Ad- 
ditions, preceding  and  subsequent  to,  the  filing  of  this 
plat,  are  as  follows:  Mountain  View,  October  24, 
1890;  Knob  Hill,  June  3,  1891;  Sunnyside,  July  n, 
1895  ;  Huttons,  October  i,  .1891  ;  Teal's.  October  14, 
1893 ;  Park,  June  15,  1899. 

In  1889  Governor  Stevenson  said  in  his  report : 
"The  town  of  Wallace,  one  thousand  population, 
is  situated  in  a  beautiful  basin  of  the  South  Fork  Val- 
ley, at  the  junction  of  Nine  Mile,  Placer  and  Canyon 
creeks,  and  is  the  supply  depot  of  the  great  mining 
interests  of  these  gulches.  It  is  the  railway  transfer 
point  of  all  the  tributaries  of  the  upper  south  fork  and 
has  many  well  supplied  and  substantial  business  houses 


several  societies,  good  schools,  and  an  able  and  enter- 
prising tri-weekly  paper,  the  Wallace  Free  Press. 
Wallace  will  more  than  double  in  population  the  com- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ing  year  from  the  fact  of  its  situation  and  selection  as 
the  division  terminus  of  the  through  railroad,  now 
building  toward  Missoula,  Montana." 

The  death  of  Col.  W.  R.  Wallace,  founder  of  the 
prosperous  city  which  bears  his  name,  occurred  in  No- 
vejnber,  1901, "at  Whittier,  California,  whither  he  had 
gon  in  search  of  health. 

During  the  five  years  previous  to  1893  the  town  of 
Wallace  was  governed  by  a  board  of  trustees.  In  that 
year  it  was  organized  under  a  city  charter.  W.  S. 
Haskins  was  the  first  mayor  elected.  The  succeeding 
mayors  up  to  the  present  period  have  been  Oscar  Wal- 
lace, son  of  Col.  W.  R/ Wallace,  now  a  resident  of 
Spokane,  Washington,  Jacob  Lockman,  Herman  Rossi, 
T.  N.  Bernard,  Frederick  Smith,  who  served  three 
terms,  and  T.  Connor,  present  incumbent.  At  the 
present  writing.  July  190$,  the  municipal  administra- 
tive officers  of  Wallace  are,  T.  D.  Conner,  mayor;  J. 
F.  Whalen,  city  clerk  ;  H.  P.  Knight,  attorney ;  Maurice 
H.  Hare,  treasurer;  George  A.  Cunningham,  police 
judge;  P.  F.  McGovern,  chief  of  police;  P.  F.  Smith, 
assistant.  Councilmen:  First  ward— H.  M.  Thosten- 
sen,  W.  H.  Turner :  second  ward— John  Pressly,  Davis 
Walford :  third  ward— E.  Burnham,  James  H.  Taylor; 
fourth  ward— John  Hogus,  Herman  J.  Rogers.  From 
the  date  of  the  organizaton  of  the  city  government,  in 
1893,  until  1900,  Wallace  contained  but  three  wards. 
]n  1889  an  excellent  sewer  system  was  added  to  the 
municipal  improvements,  at  a  cost  of  $20,000.  The 
work  was  completed  under  direction  of  Contractor 
Thomas  Olson. 

The  earliest  pioneer  in  W'allace,  in  a  business  sense, 
•was  Alexander  D.  McKinlay,  who  came  here  April 
16,  1885,  accompanied  by  Peter  J.  Holohan,  a  partner 
with  whom  he  has  been  associated  twenty-eight  years, 
in  Idaho  and  other  states.  Mr.  McKinlay  recalls  the 
fact  that  he  was  obliged  to  cross  the  swampy  area  of 
Cedar  street  by  leaping  from  log  to  log  and  stump  to 
stump  in  order  to  pass  over  dry  shod.  In  1886 
Messrs.  Howes  &  King  located  in  "Placer  Center,"  and 
opened  a  general  store  in  a  log  building,  having  pur- 
chased the  grocery  business  of  A.  D.  McKinlay  and  J. 
P.  Holohan.  E.  D.  Carter,  the  same  year,  erected  the 
first  sawmill,  which,  as  may  be  readily  imagined, 
enjoyed  a  handsome  patronage.  The  initial  drug  store 
was  opened  by  E.  A.  Sherwin,  and  the  first  hardware 
concern  by  J.  R.  Marks,  William  Hart,  and  E.  H. 
Moffiitt,  whose  pioneer  institution  is  now  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Hardware  Company.  John  Cameron  arrived 
in  the '"camp"  in  the  winter  of  1886-7,  and  he  became 
the  proprietor  of  the  original  saloon  on  the  townsite. 
The  first  business  lot  purchased  from  Col.  Wallace  was 
bought  by  E.  D.  Carter,  in  1886,  on  which  he  erected 
a  frame  hotel.  The  first  livery  and  transfer  business 
was  controlled  by  Southerland  &  White.  In  1887  Will- 
iam S.  Haskins  arrived  from  Kingston,  with  a  fair 
stock  of  general  merchandise.  Subsequently  he  dis- 
posed of  his  goods  and  business  to  O.  C.  Otterson. 
The  Dunn  Brothers,  A.  J.  and  J.  L.,  were  the  pioneer 
editors  and  proprietors  of  newspapers  in  Wallace,  their 
.first  venture  being  the  Wallace  Free  Press.  This  plant 
they  sold  out  and  placed  the  Miner  in  the  field  in  the 


fall  of  1890.  At  present  the  press  of  Wallace  is  rep- 
resented by  the  Idaho  State1  Tribune,  edited  by  J.  R. 
Sovereign,  and  the  Wallace  Press,  E.  B.  Reitzel,  pro- 
prietor. In  December,  1886,  the  Carter  Hotel  was 
completed  and  M.  D.  Flint  assumed  charge  of  the  same 
as  proprietor.  W  nat  might  be  termed  the  spontaneous 
growth  of  the  young  city  is  described  in  the  Murray 
Sun,  of  December  4,  1886: 

The  town  of  Wallace  is  more  than  holding  its  own  in  the 
way  of  solid  and  rapid  improvement.  One  of  the  finest,  if 
lot  the  largest  blocks  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  is  now  in  the 


irgest  t  . .    _   . 

course   ot   erection   by   Col.   Wai 
eighty    feet   in    size.       The   ground   floor   will    contain   three 

second  will  be  devoted  to  a  large  public  hall.  Carter's  saw 
mill  cannot  supply  the  demand  for  lumber.  Flint's  hotel  is 
to  be  enlarged.  Georse  &  Human,  of  Delta,  have  bought  two- 
choice  lots  and  intend  building  on  them.  Charles  Seelig  has 
purchased  a  location  with  a  view  of  building  a  brewery 
thereon.  Three  saloons  are  doing  a  flourishing  business. 
The  work  of  clearing  Main  street  is  being  pushed  with  vigor. 
The  use  of  giant  powder  is  clearing  the  town  of  stumps. 

The  excellent  school  facilities  at  present  enjoyed 
by  Wallace  are  developed  from  humble  and  primitive 
origin.  In  the  fall  of  1887  the  first  school  was  opened 
in  a  log  building  on  the  corner  of  Cedar  and  Third 
streets,  with  Miss  Annie  Angell  as  teacher.  Here 
school  was  continued  for  one  year,  when  a  frame  build- 
ing was  exchanged  for  a  log  "shack"  on  Pine,  between 
Fifth  and  Sixth  streets.  One  year  later  the  trustees 
of  the  school  district  erected  a  building  for  school  pur- 
poses which  was  subsequently  converted  into  a  resi- 
dence by  O.  B.  Olson. 

In  June,  1892,  the  trustees  purchased  six  lots  on 
the  northeast  corner  of  Third  and  River  streets,  com- 
prising an  area  of  100x150  feet,  and  a  most  eligible 
site  for  school  house  purposes.  The  price  paid  was 
$1,750.  The  same  year  a  handsome  brick  building, 
two  stories  in  height,  surmounted  by  a  tower  of  Moor- 
ish design,  was  erected.  During  the  spring  of  1901 
an  annex  to  the  original  edifice  was  built,  somewhat 
larger,  but  of  the  same  style  of  architecture  and  general 
design.  It  is,  at  present,  one  of  the  most  attractive 
structures  in  the  city. 

From  this  institution,  on  May  17,  1895,  was  gradu- 
ated the  first  class  in  the  history  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes. 
The  exercises  took  place  at  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
•hurch  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  C.  W.  Vance.  The 
graduates  were  Myrta  Howes,  Nina  Hogan,  Katie 
Hanley,  Katie  Baldwin  and  Luneti  Worstell.  With  the 
exception  of  two  slight  epidemics  of  diphtheria  the 
Wallace  schools,  in  District  No.  8,  enjoyed  uninter- 
rupted success  during  term  time  since  1892.  At  the 
present  writing,  1903,  the  officers  and  faculties  of  the 
grades  are  as  follows:  Superintendent,  H.  M.  Cook; 
'  :ipal  of  high  school,  Mrs.  Edna  Clayton  Orr; 
c  teacher,  Miss  Grace  Jenkins ;  grade  teachers, 
Kathryn  Cunningham,  Mollie  Fulmer,  Myrta  Howes, 
Sadie  Skattaboe.  1'he  high  school  enrollment  in  1903 
boys,  eighteen;  girls,  twenty-four.  The  average 
attendance  is  twenty-nine.  During  the  past  nine 
months  there  have  been  no  graduation  exercises, 
Charles  Dunn,  eligible  to  that  honor,  having  been  ap- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


,     pointed  to  the  naval  academy,  Annapolis,  and  dropping 
out  without  formal  graduation  from  the  high  school. 

The  following  comprehensive  resume  of  existing 
conditions  in  Wallace  in  1900  was  furnished  by  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Mining  Journal,  of  date  January  i, 
1901 : 

The  year   1900  gave  to  Wallace  its  greatest  measure  of 

general  enlightment,  and  her  citizens  cross  the  threshhold  of 
a  new  year  satisfied  with  the  treatment  they  have  received  at 
the  hands  of  the  departed  year.  *  *  *  *  Suffering  nearly 
total  destruction  by  fire  on  July  27,  1900,  the  town  has  made 
better  progress  than  formerly,  until  it  has  become  what  the 

all  the  embellishments  of  modern  civilization,  splendid  build- 
ings, superb  electric  light  and  water  plants,  all  the  standard 
fraternal  organizations  and  religious  societies,  good  public 
schools,  a  magnificent  Thespian  temple,  etc.  The  city's  popu- 
lation today  is  only'  two  thousand,  but  the  next  five  years 

Wallace  made  permanent  progress  during  1900  in  every 
commendable  respect,  truly  reflecting  the  unprecedented  pros- 
perity in  local  mining  circles.  The  municipal  improvements, 
new  cross  walks,  leveling,  grading  and  macadamizing  of 
streets,  made  during  the  year,  cost  $14,450.29,  every  dollar  of 
which  was  judiciously  expended.  The  city  officials,  led  by 
Mayor  Smith,  have  made  a  splendid  record.  Municipal  af- 
fairs have  been  well  managed,  and  let  it  be  said  incidentally 
that  the  city's  indebtedness  is  only  $8,000,  a  bond  obligation 
created  to  furnish  the  city  with  a  first-class  sewer  system. 
And  it  should  also  be  stated  in  this  connection  that  the  Wallace 
Manufacturing,  Electric  &  Power  Company  has  a  splendid 
combination  light  and  water  plant,  which  has  a  patronage  of 
3,000  incandescent  and  eighty  arc  lights,  and  600  faucet  and 
surface  connections.  The  double  plant  is  one  of  the  best  and 
most  perfectly  equipped  in  the  west,  worth  $150,000,  and  is 
under  the  management  of  H.  W.  Fellows,  the  officers  of  the 
proprietary  company  being  A.  B.  Campbell,  president ;  Rich- 
ard Wilson,  vice-president  and  F.  F.  Johnson,  secretary  and 

The  business  of  the  Wallace  postoffice  for  1900  was  one- 
reflects  the  general  advancement  of  the  community.  Ac- 
cording to  comparative  population  of  Idaho  towns,  the  Wallace 
postoffice  easily  ranks  first.  But  the  record  of  the  First 


of  the  ity  y  the  officiaortofFirt  National, 
issued  December  13,  it  was  learned  that  the  individual  de- 
posits were  $552,313,  against  $466,523  for  the  corresponding 

check,  in  September,  1898,  were  only  $272.703.  *  '  *  *  The 
First  National  began  business  August  8,  1892,  and  closes  the 
year  1900  with  resources  of  $784,513. 

The  building  record  made  by  Wallace  during  iqoo 
eclipsed  that  of  any  preceding  year,  the  money  ex- 
pended in  the  erection  of  business  houses  reaching 
close  to  the  $100,000  mark,  while  the  erection  of  dwell- 
ings and  handsome  cottages  absorbed  about  $^o,ooo. 
The  new  business  structures  included  : 

Holohan-McKinlay  block,  two-story  brick,  with 
fine  store  rooms  on  the  first  floor,  $20,000;  Sunset 
brewery,  four-story  brick  block,  erected  and  owned 
by  ex-Mayor  Jacob  Lockman  and  association,  $15,- 
ooo;  brick  warehouse,  by  White  &  Bender,  $12,000; 
Coeur  d'Alene  Hardware  Company,  warehouse  No. 
2,  fac  simile  of  No.  i,  $7,000;  Furst  block,  two-story 
brick,  by  John  Furst,  $7,000;  Otterson,  two-story 
brick,  50x100,  by  O.  C.  Otterson,  $12,000;  Heller, 


two-story  brick  block,  by  Mrs.  Eliza  Heller,  $7,000; 
Carl  Mallon,  brick  and  stone  brewery,  $6,500;  Mayor 
P.  F.  Smith,  warehouse,  $3,500 ;  Jones  &  Deane,  addi- 
tion to  second  story,  $5,000;  Coeur  d'Alene  Iron 
Works,  two-story  frame,  35x100,  $3,000;  fifty  feet 
addition,  two-story,  to  ,Odd  Fellows  Hall,  $3,000; 
Wood  &  Keats,  two-story  frame,  25x60,  $2,500;  M. 
C.  Murphy,  lodging  house,  $2,500  ;  Fred  Kelly,  lodging 
house,  $2,500;  George  F.  Moore,  improvements  on 
furniture  store,  $2,000 :  total,  $97,000.  The  new  resi- 
dence buildings  included:  William  Hart,  $7,500;  E. 
Proesting,  $6,500;  Dan  McGinnis,  $5,000;  Mrs.  Mo- 
riarty,  $3,000;  George  Garrett,  $3,000;  W.  D.  Pow- 
ers, $2,000;  John  Pressley,  $2,000. 

Among  the  business  houses  represented  in  the  Wal- 
lace Press  in  November,  1890,  were  these : 

Hotels :  Carter  House,  E.  D.  Carter,  proprietor ;  the 
Idaho,  N.  R.  Penny;  the  Crazy  Horse,  Simnett  & 
Webster ;  Hanley  House ;  American  House,  George  H. 
Heller;  Michigan  House,  Charles  Mehl.  Liveries: 
Sutherland  &  White,  Red  Front,  McDonald  &  John- 
son. Clothing  houses :  The  O.  K.,  Julius  Kohn,  man- 
ager; the  Colorado,  Sam  Heller,  proprietor.  Res- 
turants:  The  Cedar  Street,  Mesdames  Hogan  & 
Place,  proprietors ;  the  Frankfurt.  City  transfer : 
Paul  F.  Smith,  William  H.  Otto.  Jeweler :  Eli  Ritch- 
ott.  Meat  markets :  Silver  Belt,  Bafger  &  Sears,  pro- 
prietors ;  Follet  &  Harris.  Hardware :  Holley,  Mason 
Marks  &  Company.  Furniture  and  undertaking :  Will- 
iam Worstell.  Bank :  Bank  of  Wallace,  Charles  Hus- 
sey,  proprietor,  C.  M.  Hall,  cashier.  Ice:  Carl  Mal- 
lon. Dry  goods,  Mrs.  A.  A.  Schofield ;  Galland  Broth- 
ers; Chicago  Beehive.  Blacksmith:  James  Hennessy. 
Real  estate:  N.  Witner.  Bakeries:  City  Bakery; 
Muir  &  Dicks,  proprietors ;  Walalce,  Woods  &  Keats ; 
Bank  Street  Bakery,  Paul  Herlinger  &  Company.  Tin 
shop  :  K.  B.  Sauter,  proprietor.  Photography  :  T.  N. 
Barnard's  Studio.  Lawyers:  Walter  A.  Jones  and 
J .  C.  Harkness  :  Henry  S.  Gregory ;  W.  B.  Heyburn ; 
A.  L.  Dunn.  Building  contractors  :  Fuller  &  Warren. 
Cigars  and  tobacco :  W.  H.  Leghorn  &  Brother.  Sash 
and  door  factory:  H.  Wood.  Painters:  McFadden 
&  Langrell.  News  stand .  Tabor  &  Vinos.  Harness 
shop:  J.  M.  Carmelius.  Justice  of  the  peace:  A.  E. 
Angel.  Doctors:  U.  T.  Campbell,  A.  Boston.  Engi- 
neers :  W.  Clayton  Miller  ;  George  R.  Trask.  Grocers : 
White  &  -Bender ;  Howes  &  King.  Tailors :  Pfister  & 
Wassenberg.  Wholesale  liquors:  D.  C.  McKissick. 
Brewery:  Carl  Mallon.  Street  lighting:  Wallace 
Manufacturing,  Electric  &  Water  Company.  News- 
papers :  The  Wallace  Press :  the  Wallace  Miner.  Bot- 
tling Works:  Staley  &  Zweifel.  Harness  and  saddlery: 
J.  M.  Carmelius.  There  was  also  the  American  Loan 
Company.  The  saloons  of  Wallace  at  that  period  num- 
bered twenty-seven.  General  merchandise  was  repre- 
sented by  Dobscn  &  Nottingham. 

The  Wallace  Board  of  Trade,  in  March,  1902,  com- 
pleted all  necessary  details  for  the  establishment  of  a 
publicity  bureau,  taking  cognizance  of  the  mines  ot 
this  particular  district.  To  prospectors  and  small  prop- 
erty holders  blank  forms  were  forwarded,  with  a  re- 
quest that  as  full  information  as  possible  be  furnished 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  bureau  concerning  mines,  prospects  and  other  hold- 
ings. Responses  have  been  full  and  complete,  and  the 
enterprise  is  a  commendable  success.  Free  postal  de- 
livery is  not  yet  a  fact  in  Wallace,  but  should  the  in- 
crease in  postoffice  business  for  the  succeeding  two 
quarters  equal  the  last  two,  free  delivery  will,  undoubt- 
edly be  established.'  The  census  of  1900  gave  Wallace 
a  population  of  2,265,  and  today  it  is  claimed,  on  fairly 
substantial  atuhority  that  there  are  within  its  limits 
3.000  inhabitants. 

The  first  serious  loss  by  fire  in  Wallace  occurred 
Sunday  evening,  July  27,  1890.  This  overwhelming- 
disaster  originated  in  the  Central  Hotel,  on  Sixth 
street.  When  the  end  came  Wallace  was,  practically, 
in  ashes.  Ten  minutes'  service  by  the  fire  department 
resulted  in  exhausting  the  water  supply,  and  the  young 
city  was  at  the  mercy  of  the  flames.  Fanned"  by  a 
stiff  gale  they  spread  up  Sixth  to  Cedar  street,  leaped 
Cedar,  and  in  a  few  minutes  later  the  Hanley  House 
and  Club  theater  were  ablaze.  From  this  period  the 
fate  of  the  doomed  town  was  assured.  With  the  single 
exception  of  one  building  six  blocks  were  destroyed, 
the  one  solitary  edifice  remaining  in  this  section  being 
Ihe  Pavilion,  corner  of  Cedar  and  Fifth  streets.  Giant 
powder  was  brought  into  service  to  check  advancing 
flames  by  blowing  up  buildings,  but  such  efforts  proved 
futile.  So  rapid  was  the  work  of  destruction  that 
absolutely  nothing  of  immense  stocks  of  goods  was 
saved.  .  One  fatality  resulted :  An  Italian,  Centimio 
Denarco.  was  burned  to  death  while  in  a  drunken  stu- 
por in  the  New  State  saloon,  on  Sixth  street.  Within 
the  boundaries  of  Fifth  street  the  river  on  the  east  and 
north,  and  the  hills  to  the  south,  every  business  house 
and  residence  was  destroyed.  The  loss,  as  estimated 
by  the  Murray  Sun,  was  $500,000,  with  insurance  of 
only  $43,750.  The  business  houses  and  dwellings 
burned  were : 

Sixth  street,  south  of  depot — Doell  Bros.'  .saloon, 
Denver  Shorty's  saloon,  Central  Hotel,  tailor  shop,  Ut- 
ley's  Hall  (I.  O.  O.  F.  building),  bakery,  millinery 
store,  office  of  Grace  &  Horbress,  Wallace  Hotel,  Han- 
ley  House,  Tim  Morcarity's  barber  shop,  Al.  McHor- 
ter's  barber  shop,  Tabor '&  Vinas'  fruit  store,  J.  M. 
Carmelius'  harness  shop,  O.  K.  Clothing  store,  Joseph 
&  Carlson,  Julius  Kline's  saloon,  G.  H.  Leghorn's 
cigar  store,  aHthway  building,  Flaherty  &  William- 
son's saloon,  Rayner's  saloon. 

West  side  of  Sixth  street,  south  of  depot— Carpen- 
ter shop.  New  State  saloon,  Bee  Hive  clothing  store, 
Louis  Kosminsky,  tailor,  residence,  Sutherland  & 
White,  livery,  Barnard's  studio,  Eli  Rechott,  jewelry, 
K.  B.  Sauter,  tin  shop,  shoe  store. 

Cedar  street,  from  Fifth  street  east,  north  side— 
Myer's  butcher  shop,  Pennly  Hotel,  McDonald  &  John- 
son, livery  stable,  J.  B.  Cameron's  saloon,  Jamison  & 
Horton,  saloon,  William  Kellem,  restaurant,  Steward 
Fuller's  saloon,  Palace  restaurant,  two  dwellings  and 

Cedar.,  from  Fifth  street  east,  south  side— Black- 
smith' shop,  two  residences,  D.  C.  McKissick,  whole- 
sale liquors,  Barger  &  Sears'  butcher  shop,  vegetable 
store,  Liverpool  saloon,  J.  C.  Boyer's  barber  shop,  Mc- 


Kissick &  Fitz's  saloon,  Club  theater,  three 
Carrie  Young's  saloon. 

Bank  street,  from  Fifth  east,  north  side— W.  C. 
Human's  residence,  Wallace  block  (W.  T.  Stall's  and 
W.  C.  Miller's  offices),  Portland  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany's office,  telephone  exchange,  McNab  &  Liver's 
drug  store,  Coeur  d'Alene  Clothing  store,  Mrs.  Scho- 
field's  dry  goods  store,  Bolander's  restaurant,  Lang- 
well's  residence,  William  Worstell's  furniture  store, 
ice  house  and  new  building. 

Bank,  from  Fifth  street  east,  south  side — Scott 
Anderson,  surveyor,  Wallace  Free  Press  office.  Drs. 
Watkins  &  Sims'  office.  C.  D.  Porter's  residence,  Bank 
of  Wallace,  George  &  Human's  block,  including  offices 
of  Dr.  Boston,  W.  A.  Jones,  Henry  Ford  and  Henry 
L.  Gregory,  White  &  Bender,  Howes  &  King,  post- 
office,  Heller  Hotel,.  Vedder  &  McElroy,  R.  M.  Dry- 
den's  saloon,  barber  shop,  Holley.  Mason,  Marks  & 
Company,  office  of  sampling  works^  D.  C.  Stetson,  dry 
goods,  clothing,  etc.,  E.  D.  Carter's  saw  mill. 

Hotel  street,  north  side,  from  Sixth  street,  east — 
Coeur  d'Alene  Miner  office,  E.  D.  Carter's  office,  three 
vacant  buildings. 

South  side— Carter  Hotel,  stables,  F.  M.  Franks 
office,  laundry. 

Several  warehouses,  supposed  to  have  been  fire- 
proof, were,  with  the  single  exception  of  White  & 
Bender's,  destroyed,  as  were  all  the  records  of  the 
postoffice,  registered  and  ordinary  mail,  money  orders, 
etc.  Although  Postmaster  Dunn  had  removed  this 
property  to  what  he  considered  a  place  of  safety,  the 
flames  insiduously  crept  toward  that  point  and  licked 
it  up.  In  speaking  of  the  generous  proffers  of  aid 
the  Murray  Sun,  of  July  30,  1890,  said : 

"The  towns  of  Mullaii,  Wardner  and  Osborn  be- 
ing on  the  line  of  railroad,  and  in  easy  communica- 
tion with  Wallace,  sent  car-loads  of  provisions  early 
Monday  morning.  Offers  of  assistance  were  tele- 
graphed from  Spokane  and  'other  towns,  but  were  de- 
clined with  thanks,  the  surrounding  towns  being  amply 
able  to  relieve  the  temporary  necessities  of  the  people. 
The  disaster  was  an  appalling  one,  but  not  enough  to 
injure  the  town  temporarily,  as  the  work  of  rebuild- 
ing will  be  o'n  a  larger  scale  than  before.  Petitions 
have  been  presented  to  the  board  of  trustees  of  Wal- 
lace, praying  that  only  iron,  stone  and  brick  buildings 
may  be  erected  in  certain  down  town  districts,  and 
these  petitions  have  been  granted.  Thus  far  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Clothing  Company  is  the  only  one  that  has  . 
failed,  as  a  result  of  the  fire." 

Early  in  the  morning  of  November  u,  1898,  the 
Idaho  Hotel,  John  B.  Cameron's  and  Thomas  Rey- 
nolds' saloon  buildings,  all  two-story  frame  structures, 
were  destroyed  by  fire,  and  the  Fuller  House  badly 
damaged,  involvnig  a  loss  of  $12,000,  with  insurance 
of  only  $500  on  the  Idaho  Hotel's  furniture.  The 
latter  property,  owned  by  Glen  McDonald,  and  leased 
by  Johnson  &  Wilmot,  contained  forty-one  rooms,  all 
oi"  which  were  occupied.  In  this  disaster  a  rare  qual- 
ity of  heroism  was  displayed  by  Gus  Enz,  the  night 
clerk.  Discovering  the  fire  he  ran  up  stairs  and 
awakened  the  sleeping  guests,  all  of  whom,  with  the 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


exception  of  John  F.  Moore,  a  waiter,  and  W.  H. 
Dwyer,  a  cigarmaker,  escaped.  These  two,  and  Enz, 
the  faithful,  courageous  night  clerk,  were  burned  to 
death,  the  latter  laying  down  his  life  to  save  others, 
and  thus  giving  force  to  the  words  of  the  immortal 

"Whether  on  the  scaffold  high, 

Or  in  the  battle's  van, 
The  noblest  place  for  man  to  die 
Is  where  he  dies  for  man." 

Mrs.  Alice  Finnegan,  chamber  maid,  George  W. 
Mitchell  and  William  Palmer  were  seriously  burned. 
As  in  the  case  of  the  great  fire  of  1890,  immediate 
steps  were  taken  to  repair  the  damage  sustained  in 
the  disaster  of  1898.  In  both  events  Idaho  pluck  and 
energy  were  in  evidence,  and  scarcely  were  the  ashes 
of  the  1890  conflagration  cold  ere  temporary  build- 
ings sprung  up  to  be  soon  replaced  by  more  substan- 
tial structures.  The  sentiment  of  the  people  of  Wal- 
lace concerning  the  ramarkable  progress  in  rebuild- 
ing the  town  is  fittingly  voiced  by  the  editor  of  the 
Free  Press  in  the  issue  of  November  29,  1890: 

Wallace  "hcf'looked  forward  tcfsuchT cheerful Tnd^appy 
Thanksgiving  as  the  one  enjoyed  on  Thanksgiving  last.  On 
the  twenty-eighth  of  July  the  town  presented  a  scene  of  deso- 
lation. On  Thursday  last  there  was  a  rebuilt  city,  with  sub- 
burnt  area  to  the  other,  covering  nine  squares.  In  the  face  of 
limited  transportation,  lack  of  building  materials  and  labor 

ashes  in  so  short  a  time  borders  on  the  magic.  The  trans- 
formation is  complete.  Wallace  is  today  a  more  substantial 
city  than  before  the  fire ;  more  solidly  built  and  more  thrifty. 
Much  of  this  is  due  to  the  handsome  brick  buildings  that  have 

pretty  mountain  home. 

Among  the  most  prominent  of  these  edifices  are 
the  Hardware  Block,  erected  by  Holley,  Mason, 
Marks  &  Company,  D.  C.  McKissick's  wholesale 
liquor  block,  Colonel  Steward  Fuller's  new  hotel,  the 
National  Bank  block,  the  Bank  of  Wallace  block,  L. 
Manheim's  block,  Howe  &  King's,  O.  C.  Otterson's 
White  &  Bender's  and  Mrs.  A.  A.  Schofield's  blocks. 
These  are  all  new  brick  blocks,  modern  and  com- 
pletely furnished.  Their  cost  is  not  less  than  $100,- 
ooo,  which  is  very  good  testimony  to  the  vitality  of 
the  business  men  of  Wallace  and  their  unshaken  faith 
in  the  grand  future  of  the  town. 

Following  the  terrible  trial  bv  fire  of  July  27, 
1890,  a  new  hose  company  was  organized  to  replace 
the  old  fire  department,  which  had  been  practically 
innocuous  since  that  event.  It  was  named  Wallace 
Hose  Company  No.  i,  and  comprised  a  membership 
of  twenty  active  men,  with  Adam  Aulbauch  as  fore- 
man. It  came  into  being  at  a  public  meeting  held 
November  2,  1890.  Of  the  old  department  Scott  Mc- 
Donald had  been  chief.  The  new  company  comprised, 
aside  from  Foreman  Aulbach,  Scott  McDonald,  first 
assistant,  A.  P.  Horton,  second  assistant,  Julius  Kline, 
Jacob  Lockman,  James  Hennessy,  John  Frazer,  pipe- 


men;  Peter  Holohan,  Jesse  Tabor,  hydrant  men; 
George  Heller,  H.  D.  Sawyer,  Ed  Sarbin,  Louis  Kos- 
minsky,  Charles  Woodman,  O.  C.  Otterson,.  Al 
Honeke,  Harry  Germond,  A.  H.  Utley,  Augustus 
Sutherland  and  J.  M.  Carmelius,  hosemen.  The  pres- 
ent organization  is  partly  a  volunteer  department,  of 
which  Fred  H.  Kelly  is  chief  and  M.  C.  Murphy  as- 
sistant. The  excellent  water  system  was  established 
in  1890,  water  being  led  from  Placer  creek,  the  reser- 
voir being  on  a  high  elevation  south  of  the  city,  and 
affording  a  pressure  of  450  pounds. 

As  early  as  1889  a  company  was  organized  in  Wal- 
lace for  the  purpose  of  exploring  a  system  of  light  and 
water  works.  Some  progress  had  been  made  in  the  en- 
terprise, but  the  fire  of  1890  consumed  the  rather  rudi- 
mentary plant,  and  seriously  embarrassed  the  new  or- 
ganization. The  franchise  and  such  property  as  re- 
mained were  secured  by  E.  D.-  Carter,  who  rebuilt  the 
lines  and  began  to  develop  the  system.  In  1897  the 
Wallace  Light  &  Water  Company  bought  the  interest 
of  Mr.  Carter.  This  company  comprised  J.  A.  Finch, 
A.  B.  Campbell,  F.  White,  Richard  Wilson  and  F. 
F.  Johnson.  At  present  the  company  is  officered  as 
follows:  F.  F.  Johnson,  president;  R.  E.  Strahorn, 
of  Spokane,  vice-president  and  manager;  E.  J.  Dyer, 
secretary  and  treasurer,  and  D.  C.  McKissick,  local 
superintendent.  The  capital  stock  is  $125,000. 

Quoting  from  the  Murray  Sun,  of  March  25, 
1893:  "The  Providence  Hospital  at  Wallace  is  an 
institution  which  has  no  equal  of  its  kind  in  the  state 
of  Idaho,  and  no  superior  of  its  size  in  the  United 
States."  In  May,  1891,  a  temporary  Miners'  Union 
hospital  was  located  in  the  American  House  building 
on  East  Bank  street.  Its  financial  condition  was  ex- 
cellent, each  miner  connected  with  the  various  mines, 
with  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan,  having  agreed  to 
pay  into  the  hospital  treasury  monthly  dues  of  one 
dollar  each.  But  at  that  period  plans  for  a  more 
elaborate  institution  were  being  prepared.  On  June 
6,  1891,  a  committee  of  the  Miners'  Union  and  a  citi- 
zens' committee  met  with  Sisters  Joseph  and  Made- 
laine,  of  Montreal,  in  the  parlor  of  the  Carter  House 
to  consider  the  question  of  the  proposed  new  hospital. 
The  citizens'  committee  comprised  Messrs.  McKis- 
sick, Gibson  and  Aulbach.  They  were  asked  by  rep- 
resentatives of  the  Miners'  Union  if  there  was  any 
valid  objection  to  a  transference  by  the  miners  of  the 
hospital  scheme  to  the  sisters.  There  being  none,  the 
plan  was  consummated,  which  provided  that  the  Sis- 
ters expend  the  sum  of  $30,000  in  the  erection  of  a 
handsome.,  four-story  brick  building,  with  Mansard 
roof  and  a  frontage  of  100  feet,  not  including  the 
verandas.  It  was  provided  that  thq  depth  of  the  build- 
ing should  be  from  forty  to  eighty  feet,  the  basement 
to  be  of  stone,  ten  feet  high.  It  was  estimated  that  the 
structure  would  require  250,000  brick.  Ground  was 
broken  for  the  new  institution  July  9,  1891.  Concern- 
ing this  handsome  structure  the  Murray  Sun  of  March 
25,  1893,  said : 

The 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


lent,  accidents  numerous,  and  there  was  no  place  to  take 
proper  care  of  the  unfortunates  under  their  direction.  The 
large  membership  of  the  unions  justified  the  hospital,  and  in 
1891  it  was  put  under  way.  The  generous  offer  of  the  people 
of  Wallace  was  accepted,  and  the  site  located.  This  created 
serious  opposition  in  Wardner,  which  town  also  wanted  the 
hospital,  and  the  friction  between  the  factions  led  to  the 
outbreak  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenc  strike  in  1892.  The  miners, 
however,  ignored  the  Wardner  feud,  and  a  temporary  hospital 
was  established  in  Wallace  and  arrangements  made  to  erect 
a  $10,000  building,  this  being  the  agreement  made  with  the 
citizens  of  Wallace.  The  miners,  through  the  conduct  of  the 
temporary  hospital,  for  seven  months,  found  that  it  was  almost 
impossible  for  them  to  make  a  success  of  it.  Several  meet- 
ings of  the  executive  committee  were  held  and  it  was  seriously 
proposed  to  give  up  the  entire  project  and  let  each  union  take 

theCaid  of  the  sisters  of  mercy,  and  accordingly  three  sisters, 
including  Sister  Joseph,  the  present  Lady  Superior  of  the 
hospital,  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  on  a  tour  of  inspection 

Wallace   transferred   the  agreement   to   the   sisters.      At   first 

frame  structure.  Finally,  after  numerous  vexatious  delays, 
work  was  commenced  on  the  new  brick  building,  pledged  to 
cost  $35,000,  and  this  is  now  a  reality.  The  citizens  of  Wallace 
have  turned  over  a  deed  for  the  ground  and  water  privileges. 
The  building  is  located  on  a  block  in  the  eastern  portion 
of  Wallace.  It  is  substantially  built  of  brick,  with  granite 

ment  is  lofty  and  as  pleasant  as  any  of  the  upper  three  stories. 
Air  the  stories  arc  hard  finished  and  divided  into  large  wards 
and  single  rooms,  which  are  as  cheerful  as  it  is  possible  to 
make  them.  The  hallways  are  broad  and  stair-ways  of  easy 

modern   convenience   has   been    introduced,   including  hot   air 


fur 


the  hospital  is  about  125  patients.  The  hospital  was  only  put 
in  complete  running  order  last  week,  although  occupied  for 
nearly  a  year. 

On  Saturday,  September  10,  1887,  the  first  rail- 
road to  reach  Wallace  was  completed  to  this  point.  It 
was  a  narrow  gauge  line,  exploited  by  D.  C.  Corbin 
and  associates,  of  New  York  city.  At  that  time  the 
Burke  extension  was  contemplated,  but  right  of  way 
had  not  been  secured.  A  depot,  24x80  feet,  had  been 
constructed,  and  regular  trains  were  running  to  Wal- 
lace on  September  19,  1889.  This  road  was  subse- 
quently sold  to  the  Northern  Pacific  company,  washed 
out  and  abandoned  in  1890. 

The  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  ran  its 
initial  train  from  Missoula  to  Wallace,  in  August,  1890. 
In  1900  a  new  round  house,  with  a  capacity  sufficient 
to  accommodate  six  engines,  replaced  an  inferior  struc- 
ture. December  29,  1901,  the  company's  officials 
first  occupied  the  new  depot,  an  elegant  brick  and  con- 
crete edifice,  ornate  and  picturesque,  located  on  Sixth 
street,  on  the  north  bank  of  the-  South  Fork  of  the 
Coeur  d'Aleae  river.  The  concrete,  of  which  the 
greater  portion  of  this  building  is  constructed,  'is  com- 
posed of  "tailings"  from  ore  concentrators,  and  cement. 
Its  cost  was  between  $8,000  and  $10,000.  A  new  ad- 
dition to  this  building  is  contemplated. 

On  December  9,  1889,  the  Oregon  Railroad  &  Navi- 
gation Company  brought  its  first  train  in  from  Tekoa 
to  WaHace,  the  terminus  of  the  Tekoa  division.  At 
present,  however,  O.  R.  &  N.  business  is  carried  as 
far  east  as  Mttllan,  by  special  arrangement  with  the 
Northern  Pacific  Company.  Both  the  Oregon  Railroad 


&  Navigation  Company  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Com- 
pany have  standard  gauge  extensions  up  Canyon  creek 
to  Burke,  a  distance  of  seven  miles.  The  new  depot  of 
the  O.  R.  &  N.  was  built  in  1901.  G.  A.  Newell,  the 
present  local  agent  at  Wallace,  has  been  with  the  com- 
pany fourteen  years,  coming  here  June  n,  1889. 


The  banking  hist 


irked  by  c 


servatism  and  business  sagacity  fully  equal  to  that  of 
any  other  town  in  Idaho,  and  superior  to  many.  Un- 
settled financial  conditions  in  1893-4,  of  course,  reacted 
upon  all  the  banking  centers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes, 
but  in  Wallace,  particularly,  recovery  was  rapid  and 
financial  loss  far  below  the  average.  On  January  2, 
1891,  articles  of  incorporation  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
Bank,  of  Wallace,  were  filed  in  the  office  of  the  recorder 
of  Shoshone  county,  by  virtue  of  which  the  institution 

in  the  state  of  Idaho.  The  capital  stock  was  $50,000; 
the  directors  John  A.  Finch,  Amos  B.  Campbell.  Pat- 
rick Clark,  Charles  M.  Hall  and  Joseph  K.  Clark.  In 
1893  the  bank  appears  to  have  passed  into  the  hands 
of  George  B.  McAulay  and  Van  B.  DeLashmitt,  who 
owned,  also,  the  Miners'  Exchange,  of  Wardner.  In 
April,  1893,  the  Bank  of  Coeur  d'Alene  asked  for  a 
receiver,  attributing  the  cause  af  failure  to  bad  debts, 
universal  hard  times  and  closing  down  of  imporant 
mines.  The  liabilities  were  $70,679.73,  of  which 
$19,014.67  was  due  depositors,  $18,561.25  to  creditors 
holding  certificates  of  deposit,  and  remainder  to  outside 
state  banks,  including  $42,429.07,  overdraft  on  Bank 
of  Wardner.  In  the  Bank  of  Coeur  d'Alene  Shoshone 
county  had  on  deposit  $18,435.22.  This  was  secured 
by  attaching  the  bank  building  in  Wallace.  Assets 
were,  personal  property,  including  notes,  loans,  dis- 
counts, etc..  $72,729.20,  and  bank  building  at  Wallace, 
$20,153.92. 

In  December,  1890,  the  Bank  of  Wallace  had  closed 
its  doors,  subsequent  to  a  run  which,  for  the  time  be- 
ing, had  been  successfully  withstood. 

August  8,  1892,  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wal- 
lace was  organized  with  a  capital  of  $50,000.  The  of- 
ficers were  F.  F.  Johnson,  president,  Henry  White, 
vice-president,  Horace  M.  Davenport,  cashier ;  Charles 
W.  O'Neil,  R.  R.  Neill,  Richard  Wilson,  Albert  John- 
son, Henry  White,  C.  E.  Bender,  and  F.  F.  Johnson, 
directors.  In  1903  M.  J.  Flohr  succeeded  Horace  M. 
Davenport  as  cashier.  The  capital  stock  is  $50,000; 
surplus  fund,  $10,000;  undivided  profits,  $5,148  and 
circulation  $42,700.  President  Johnson  is  "treasurer  of 
Shoshone  county,  president  of  the  Wallace  Light  & 
Water  Company  and  cashier  of  the  Bank  of  North 
Idaho,  at  Murray. 

The  State  B'ank  of  Commerce,  successor  to  the 
Bank  of  Commerce,  which  was  organized  in  1901, 
came  into  existence  May  i,  1903.  It  is  officered  by 
Bennett  F.  O'Neil,  president,  Maurice  H.  Hare,  cash- 
ier, Thomas  L.  Greenough,  vice-president,  and  Charles 
Z.  Seelig,  assistant  cashier.  The  directors  are  Thomas 
L.  Greenough.  Albert  Burch,  Ewen  Mclntosh,  August 
Paulson.  G.  Scott  Anderson,  Maurice  H.  Hare  and 
Bernard  F.  O'Neil. 

Erection  of  the  Masonic  Temple,  in  1896,  was  an 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1033 


•event  worthy  of  the  originators  of  the  project,  and  the 
result  creditable  to  the  city  of  Wallace.  Shoshone 
Lodge,  No.  25,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  appointed  a  committee 
in  May,  of  that  year,  to  arrange  for  the  building  of  a 
combination  temple  and  opera  house.  The  resultant 
organization  was  known  as  the  "Masonic  Building 
Association,  Ltd."  Estimated  cost  of  the  structure 
was  $7,000,  half  of  which  amount  was  pledged  by 
members  of  the  association.  For  the  remainder  bonds 
•of  the  denomination  of  $25,  drawing  six  per  cent  in- 
terest, due  in  ten  years,  were  issued.  The  committee 
in  charge  of  building  operations  were,  A.  B.  Campbell, 
chairman,  F.  F.  Johnson,  secretary,  George  Steward, 
E.  H.  Moffitt  and  L.  W.  Hutton.  January  i,  1897,  the 
Temple  was  dedicated  with  appropriate  Masonic  cere- 
monies by  members  of  Shoshone  Lodge  and  chapter, 
•O.  E.  S..  and  several  officers  of  the  grand  lodge  of  the 
state  of  Idaho.  Spokane  talent,  mainly,  was  employed 
in  the  construction  of  this  imposing  edifice.  The  build- 
jng  was  erected  by  Huber  &  Huelter;  plastering  by 
John  Coleman ;  the  heating  apparatus  was  provided  by 
the  Griffiths  Heating  Company;  the  painting  and  in- 
terior decorations  were  the  work  of  John  McFarlane  ; 
the  scenery  was  painted  by  Herman  Ludcke,  while  the 
stage  mechanism  was  under  direction  of  F.  Thompson. 
Electrical  appliances  were  provided  by  E.  C.  Morrow, 
of  Wallace:  Prusse  &  Zittel,  of  Spokane,  were  the 
architects.  Total  cost  of  the  building  was  $20,000. 
The  seating  capacity  of  the  opera  house  is  660;  the 
stage  is  58x28x45  feet  in  size,  there  are  seven  exits, 
toilet  rooms,  galleries  and  dressing  rooms.  The  elec- 
trical plant  consists  of  fourteen  circuits,  350  ten  and 
sixteen  candle  power.  The  second  floor  is  divided  into 
a  lodge  room,  banquet  hall,  paraphernalia  rooms  and 
•kitchen.  Nearly  all  the  fraternal  societies  of  the  city 
convene  here,  and,  at  present,  the  hall  is  utilized  as  a 
court  room. 

During  the  year  1892  a  county  seat  contest  was 
•sprung,  ostensibly  between  Murray,  Osburn  and  Wal- 
lace, but  in  reality  between  Murray,  the  county  seat, 
and  Osburn.  Wallace  threw  the  weight  of  its  influence 
and  votes  in  favor  of  Murray,  and  the  contest  proved 
unavailing.  But  in' 1898,  at  the  expiration  of  the  six- 
year  limit,  provided  by  law,  to  intervene  between  coun- 
ty seat  imbroglios,  the  people  of  Wallace  joined  in  a 
•petition  asking  for  removal  of  the  capital  of  Shoshone 
from  Murray  to  Wallace.  Practically  there  was  no 
•contest.  Sentiment  was  universal  that  the  county  seat 
•should  be  located  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Coeur 
f  d'Alehe  river.  Consequently  Wallace  was  the  only 
•real  contestant.  Of  3.335  votes  cast,  Murray  received 
864;  Wallace,  2,471. 

In  December  1902.  the  Wallace  Public  Library, 
near  the  corner  of  Sixth  and  Bank  streets,  was  opened 
with  pleasing  social  demonstrations.  To  the  efforts 
of  Rev.  J.  B.  Orr,  pastor  of  the  Congregational  church, 
the  foundation  and  success  of  this  institution  are  due, 
and  he,  at  present  donates  his  services  as  librarian.  At 
its  inception  he  paid  the  first  month's  rent,  $30.  On  go- 
ing to  a  coal  dealer  he  was  informed  that  the  dealers 
in  the  city  would  undertake  to  heat  the  building  gratui- 


tously. Thus  it  was  with  the  electric  light  company, 
and  Mayor  Connor's  suggestion  that  Mr.  Orr  apply  for 
aid  in  paying  the  rent  met  with  a  cheerful  response 
from  the  city  council.  Contributions  of  books  flowed 
in,  Mr.  Orr  taking  the  initiative  with  a  liberal  donation 
of  volumes,  and  he  was  followed  by  the  Episcopalians, 
who  placed  a  generous  addition  in  the  city  library.  A 
free  traveling  library  is  sent  out  from  the  parent  insti- 
tution. No  fees  are  charged  for  the  use  of  books.  Two 
committees  are  assisting  in  this  commendable  work, 
the  male  members  being  representatives  of  fraternal 
societies  in  the  city,  viz.  •  George  Warren,  Masons ; 
Otto  Freeman,  Odd  Fellows ;  William  Wourms,  Wood- 
men of  the  World  ;  Al.  Crawford,  Knights  of  Pythias  ; 
J.  R.  Sovereign,  Eagles:  William  Stoehl,  Socialists; 
Robert  A.  iVlarshall,  Order  of  Washington;  William 
Aclamie,  Shoshone  Club.  The  ladies'  committee  com- 
prise Mrs.  W.  W.  Wood,  chairman ;  Mrs.  A.  R.  Car- 
penter, treasurer:  Miss  Carrie  Sovereign,  Mrs.  Harry 
Wood,  Mrs.  R.  E.  Seysler,  Miss  C.  M.  Hathaway, 
Miss  Mamie  Turner,  Miss  Agnes  Sutherland.  The 
library  contains  over  1,000  volumes,  and  the  patronage 
of  Wallace  and  surrounding  country  is  increasing. 

In  August,  1891,  Company  A,  Idaho  National 
Guards,  a  Wallace  organization,  was  mustered  into 
service  by  Captain  Langdon,  of  Company  C,  Moscow. 
The  company  comprised  forty-three  members,  officered 
as  follows :  Captain,  Thomas  A.  Linn ;  first  lieutenant, 
Robert  Short ;  second  lieutenant,  E.  G.  Arment ;  order- 
ly sergeant,  A.  D.  Short;  second  sergeant,  William 
Hood;  third  sergeant,  A.  G.  Larsen ;  fourth  sergeant, 
A.  H.  Utley;  fifth  sergeant,  Fred  S.  Bubb;  first  cor- 
poral, Robert  Duncan;  second  corporal,  Hugh  Ross; 
third  corporal,  Jacob  Lockman ;  fourth  corporal,  John 
Van  Dorn.  Musicians,  William  Fitzpatrick,  W.  B. 
McCrary. 

In  response  to  a  call  of  the  citizens,  signed  P.  F. 
Smith,  chairman,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Masonic  Tem- 
ple, July  i,  1902,  at  which  was  organized  he  Wallace 
Board  of  Trade.  The  following  officers  were  chosen, 
who,  with  the  membership,  comprise  the  only  board  of 
trade  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes:,  P.  F.  Smith,  president; 
O.  D.  Jcnes,  first  vice-president;  T.  D.  Connor,  sec- 
ond vice-president;  Herman  J.  Rossi,  secreary ;  L.  L. 
Sweet,  treasurer;  executive  committee— T.  D.  Con- 
nor, W  W.  Hart,  L.  L.  Odell,  J.  R.  Sovereign,  J.  A. 
Allen,  H.  E.  Howes,  M.  M.  Taylor,  M.  J.  Flohr,  Theo. 
Jamison,  H.  J.  Read,  O.  D.  Jones,  Harry  White, 
George  S.  Warren,  Jacob  Lockman,  W.  A.  Jones.  The 
board  has  a  membership  of  ninety,  meeting  the  first 
Tuesday  in  each  month  at  the  city  hall.  Harold  J. 
Reach,  chairman,  P.  F.  Smith  and  Herman  J.  Rossi 
comprise  a  special  committee  on  mining.  Among  fu- 
ture exploitations  contemplated  by  the  board  are  a 
street  railway  for  Wallace,  and  electric  lines  from 
Wardner  to  both  Burke  and  Mullan,  requiring  forty 
miles  of  rails,  together  with  a  wagon  road,  twenty-three 
miles  in  length,  to  tap  the  St.  Joe  timber  belt,  extending 
up  Placer  creek,  over  the  divide,  directly  south  of 
Wallace.  The  highest  grade,  near  Summit,  is  ten  per 
cent.  In  this  vicinitv  several  claim  owners  are  now  en- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


gaged  in  logging.  The  board  has  already  constructed 
six  miles  of  this  road  at  an  expense  of  $3,000.  An- 
nual dues  of  members  are  $10. 

The  primary  church  organization  in  Wallace  is  the 
Episcopalian,  the  South  Methodists  coming  next,  who 
in  turn,  were  followed  by  the  Methodist  Episcopalians. 
Subsequently  the  Baptists  purchased  the  building  of 
the  South  Methodists. 

The  Congregational  church,  of  which  Rev.  J.  B. 
Orr  is  pastor,  is  a  thriving  organization  of  five  years' 
growth.  Previous  to  1898  Rev.  Jonathan  Edwards,  at 
that  time  of  Wardner,  came  occasionally  to  Wallace 
and  preached  to  the  Congregationalists,  as  did,  also, 
Rev.  Samuel  Green,  state  Sunday  school  superintend- 
ent of  Washingon.  At  present  the  Congregationalists, 
are  holding  services  in  Masonic  Temple  and  other 
halls,  but  in  August  they  will  occupy  a  new  church 
building,  now  in  process  of  erection,  corner  of  Fourth 
and  Cedar  streets,  costing  $3,500,  exclusive  of  the  lots. 
One  !ot  is  reserved,  adjoining  the  new  church,  on  which 
will  be  erected  a  gymnasium  and  bath  rooms.  The 
Congregational  Sunday  school  numbers  seventy-five 
pupils.  On  alternate  Sundays  Rev.  Orr  preaches  at 
Kellogg. 

Organization  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
dates  from  September,  1894,  when  Rev.  J.  W.  Craig, 
appointed  to  Wardner,  Wallace,  and  at  intervals,  to 
Murray,  Kingston,  Gem  and  Burk,  held  services  in 
this  city.  Rev.  Craig,  also,  organized  the  local  Ep- 
worth  League.  Rev.  W.  H.  Selkirk  came  in  1895,  suc- 
ceeding Rev.  Craig,  from  Pendleton,  Oregon.  He  was 
appointed  by  Bishop  Bowman,  the  annual  conference 
sitting  at  Spokane.  Rev.  Selkirk  was  returned  the  sec- 
ond year,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  R.  W.  Moore,  Jr., 
and  in  turn  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  M.  R.  Brown,  -in 
1899.  The  latter  remained  in  the  Wallace  field  until 
1902,  when  Rev.  H.  M.  Hobbs,  appointed  by  Bishop 
Earl  Cranston,  arrived  in  Wallace,  September  14,  and 
is  the  present  pastor  of  the  M.  E.  congregation.  The 
organization  has  a  pretty  and  commodious  church 
building  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Pine  streets,  one 
block  north  from  the  new  Congregational  building. 

The  Catholic  church  of  Wallace,  now  in  charge  of 
Father  Becker,  assisted  by  Father  Beusman,  was  dedi- 
cated by  Bishop  Glorieux,  Sunday,  October  20,  1896. 
This  was  the  second  church  organization  in  the  county, 
of  that  denomination.  The  present  church  edifice,  cor- 
ner of  Pine  and  Second  streets,  was  built  under  di- 
rection of  Father  Keyzer,  who  was  the  first  clergyman 
in  charge.  Father  Becker,  present  incumbent,  came  to 
Wallace,  Mav  11,  1897.  The  labors  of  Fathers  Becker 
and  Beusman  are  not  confined  to  Wallace.  They  visit 
the  outlying  missions  of  Wardner,  Mullan  and  Burke. 
The  church  organization  of  Wallace  comprises  fifty 
families. 

The  Baptist  denomination  has  a  regularly  organized 
church  in  Wallace,  holding  services  in  what  was  once 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  on  Bank  street.  In 
1896  it  was  in  charge  of  Rev.  Lewis  Smith,  of  Spo- 
kane, assisted  by  Rev.  A.  M.  Allyn,  at  that  period  dis- 
trict missionary  for  Washington  and  northern  Idaho. 

Rev.   George  E.   Graves,  rector  of  Trinity  Epis- 


copalian church,  Wallace,  assumed  charge  of  this  pas- 
torate in  May,  1902.  This  church  is  the  primary  or- 
ganization of  the  city,  having  been  established  in  1890. 
The  predecessor  of  Rev.  Groves  was  Rev.  Freeman 
Daughters,  who  was  stationed  at  this  point  four  years. 
Rev.  Groves  holds  services  also  in  Wardner,  Mullan. 
and  Burke.  The  church  edifice,  corner  of  Cedar  and 
Fourth  street,  as  well  as  others  throughout  the  county, 
were  built  under  direction  of  Bishop  Talbot. 

In  March,  1901,  a  new  brewery,  and  the  only  one 
at  present  in  Wallace,  was  thrown  open  to  the  public. 
The  three  principals  buildings  were  erected  in  1900, 
solid,  substantial  brick  structures,  located  east  of  the 
Carter  House,  at  the  termination  of  the  O.  R.  &  N. 
Company's  warehouse  tracks.  The  office  is  a  single- 
story  brick  building,  27x62  feet  in  size.  The  brewery,  a 
twin  building,  has  a  frontage  of  fifty-six  and  a  depth- 
of  eighty-six  feet,  and  is  four  stories  high.  It  has  an 


board :  David  Holzmann,  president,  Jacob  Lockman, 
secretary,  treasurer  and  manager,  J.  Henry  Beckman, 
Freida  Lockman  and  Joseph  A.  Rubens. 


Since  1892  the  prominent  mining  town  of  Wardner, 
one  mile  south  of  Kellogg,  has  been  a  point  of  histor- 
ical interest,  and  a  remarkable  feature  in  the  "Winning- 
of  the  West."  The  wealth  of  its  surrounding  mineral 
district,  its  picturesque  location  in  the  lower  levels  of 
a  deep  canyon,  known  as  Milo  Gulch,  the  sensational 
scenes  incidental  to  industrial  troubles  in  the  past,, 
have  combined  to  lift  Wardner  from  the  realms  of  the 
commonplace  to  a  position  of  national  significance. 

The  second  largest  town  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  dis- 
trict Wardner  ranks  next  to  Wallace.  It  controls 
lucrative  trade  from  Government  Gulch,  and  mines  on 
Pine  creek  and  Grouse  Gulch,  and  is  a  d 
tributing  center  for  many  surrounding  mines.  Aside 
from  the  business  prosperity  of  Wardner,  influenced 
greatly  by  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  and  Empire 
State  mines,  the  town  owes  much  to  adjacent  locations 
of  the  Wyoming,  Black  Hawk,  O.  K.,  Stewart  and 
other  great  properties  in  that  vicinity.  The  census  of 
1900  accorded  Wardner  a  population  of  2,000,  but  ' 
conservative  citizens  say  that  the  town,  at  present, 
contains  fully  2,500  inhabitants. 

In  1889  the  governor  of  Idaho,  in  his  report  to  the-  j 
department  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  said : 

"Wardner,  in  Milo  Gulch,  about  two  miles  from  the-  j 
South  Fork,  is  the  business  heart  of  the  great  group 
of  working  mines  which  have  gradually  opened  in  that 
district  since  the  first  discovery  of  the  famous  Bunker 
Hill  &  Sullivan.  The  population  is  800.  It  has 
schools,  societies,  fire  department  and  an  excellent 
weekly  mining  journal  and  newspaper,  the  Wardner 
£Jews.  Its  population  will  largely  and  quickly  increase 
with  the  advent  of  railroads." 

But  the  Wardner  of  1903  is  the  "Kentuck"  of  1885. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


October  10,  1885,  a  meeting  was  held  in  the  cabin  of 
"Dutch  Jake,"  on  Milo  creek,  for  the  expressed  pur- 
pose of  laying  out  a  townsite  and  naming  the  same. 
James  Kelly  served  as  chairman  and  Robert  T.  Horn 
as  secretary.  There  were  also  present,  Philip  O'Rouke, 
"Dutch  Jake"  (Jacob  Goetz),  Jack  Fitzgerald,  Thomas 
Hanley/L.  F.  Robinson  and  Thomas  Irwin.  At  this 
meeting  the  name  of  Yreka  was  bestowed  upon  the 
district,  and  "Kentuck,"  or  Kentucky,  upon  the  town, 
the  latter  in  honor  of  the  owners  of  the  famous  Golden 
Chest  mine,  at  Murray,  who  were  Kentuckians. 

Near  the  Last  Chance  mine  James  Kelly  built  the 
first  cabin  in  the  place,  November  i,  1885.  A  second 
and  third  cabin  were  run  up  by  "Dutch  Jake,"  and 
Mr.  Horn,  respectively,  and  the  first  store  building,  a 
cabin  roofed  with  canvas,  was  built  hastily  by  Thomas 
Irwin  and  Tony  Tubbs.  During  the  succeeding  holi- 
days a  small  stock  of  general  merchandise  was  ex- 
posed for  sale  by  them.  "Kentuck"  grew  rapidly. 
January  i,  1886,  it  could  boast  of  one  hundred  inhab- 
itnats ;  by  March  the  number  was  increased  to  300,  and 
by  July  4,  one  thousand  people,  all  residents,  could 
have  assisted  in  celebrating  the  day.  During  the 
Thanksgiving  holidays  of  1886  Abe  Goldstein  opened 
a  hotel  and  lodging  house,  Paul  Herlinger  was  pro- 
prietor of  the  original  bakery,  and  Tom  Henly  of  the 
first  saloon.  Thereafter  other  business  men  arrived 
rapidly. 

A  mass  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Kentucky  was 
held  Sunday  afternoon,  April  4,  1886,  for  the  purpose 
|  of  consultation  and  heart  to  heart  talks  concerning  the 
:  necessity  of  changing  the  name  of  the  town.  This 
move  was  rendered  compulsory  by  the  postal  authori- 
ties at  Washington.  D.  C,  who"  declined  to  establish  an 
office  there  named  Kentucky.  At  the  meeting  the  names 
"Irwin,"  "Bunker  Hill"  and  "Wardner"  were  proposed, 
each  finding  enthusiastic  sponsers,  and  following  a 
free  discussion  of  the  respective  merits  of  each,  it  was 
unaniinousuly  agreed  that  the  town  should  be  known  in 
the  future  by  the  name  of  "Wardner,"  in  honor  of 
James  Wardner,  a  widely  known  and  popular  citizen 
who  did  much  toward  advancing  the  prosperity  of  the 
young  but  ambitious  town. 

In  March,  1886,  the  editor  of  the  Spokane  Review 

•  printed  in  his  paper  the  following  impressions  of  the 
new  location : 

Some  three-quarters  of  a  mile  up  the  gulch  (from  Milo) 

the  mountains  at  the  time  of  our  visit,  but  on  every  hand 
men  were  at  work  putting  up  houses,  arid  under  the  pushing 

The  nature  of  the  ground  would  hardly  hold  out  inducements 

•  paid  build  a°  town  Anywhere.  *'  The  gulcHs  Harrow,  "broken 

of  fallen  Timber.  *ag?e"*S  °  There  Ire  a  Tew  ^og  cabins 
covered  with  shakes,  but  most  of  the  dwellings  are  tents,  or 
log  walls  with  tent  roofs.  Tom  Irwin,  whose  name  has  been 
closely  associated  with  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  keeps  the  only  eat- 
ing house,  and  is  assisted  by  Tony  Tubbs,  the  once  land  prince 


(i  is  assisted  by  Tony  ' 

course  of  construction,  and  the  town  is  full  of  them  by  thi: 
time.      The  lodging  house  consisted  of  a   double  tent,  will 


Such  is  a  fairly  accurate  and  unbiased  account  of 
the  municipal  statiis  of  Wardner  in  the  earlier  days  of 
its  history.  In  May,  1886,  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  buildings  had  been  erected,  a  "Main"  street  estab- 
lished and,  in  the  language  of  the  Murray  Sun,  "the 
town  was  booming  right  along."  Between  Wardner 
and  the  Mission  a  telephone  line  was  established  by 
C.  B.  Hopkins,  and  the  Wardner  News  had  issued  its 
first  number.  Thursday,  June  24,  1886,  was  a  red 
letter  day,  for  it  was  the  date  of  the  successful  trial  of 
the  Bunker  Hill  concentrator,  and  this  event  was  the 
occasion  of  universal  rejoicing  and  celebration.  The 
Bank  of  Wardner  opened  its  doors  for  business  in 
November,  1886.  The  officers  were  N.  S.  Kellogg, 
president ;  J.  F.  Wardner,  vice  president ;  H.M.Daven- 
port, secretary  and  cashier.  The  directors  were 
A.  M.  Mason^  N.  S.  Kellogg,  J.  F.  Wardner,  E.  C. 
Gove,.H.  M.  Davenport  and  C.  T.  Crane.  On  Novem- 
ber n,  the  same  year,  Wardner  polled  462  votes,  three 
less  than  the  town  of  Murray,  and  about  this  time  was 
completed  the  Wardner  water  works  system.  December 
25,  1886,  a  postoffice  was  established  and  A.  B.  Gold- 
stein appointed  postmaster. 

March  23,  1887,  the  Murray  Sun  claimed  Wardner's 
population  1,500.  Undoubtedly  this  estimate  included 
many  residents  of  the  gulch  whose  habitations  were 
outside  the  limits  of  the  original  townsite.  Yet  even  on 
this  basis  it  will  be  seen  that  the  anticipations  of  the 
pioneers  of  Wardner  were  not  too  sanguine.  Lumber 
was  purchased  as  quickly  as  it  was  available  at  the 
mills;  limits  of  the  business  portion  of  the  town  em- 
braced five  blocks,  while  between  Wardner  and  Milo,  a 
-distance  of  one  mile,  cabins  lined  the  roadway.  Town 
lots  that  a  year  previous  had  sold  at  from  $100  to  $200, 
were  held  at  $800  up  to  $3,000  apiece.  Yet  it  was  at 
this  period  generally  acknowledged  -  that  the  inflation 
of  prices  was  due,  largely,  to  a  sudden  influx  of  enter- 
prising and  ambitious  visitors,  and  encouraging  appear- 
ance of  the  adjacent  mines.  In  1887  the  growth  of 
Wardner  was,  as  claimed  by  the  editor  of  the  Murray 
Sun,  "ahead  of  development  of  mineral  resources." 

Aleck  Monk  and  Scott  McDonald,  in  May,  1887, 
entered  into  a  contract  with  the  town  authorities  to 
replace  the  original  water  works  with  a  complete  new 
system.  The  contract  was  given  to  J.  R.  Monk  &  Co., 
of  Murray,  the  estimated  cost  of  which  was  $10,000. 
The  new  system  was  named  "Silver  Creek  Water 
Works."  Of  six  and  five  inch  mains  2,300  feet  were 
laid,  leading  from  a  supply  tank  of  50,000  gallons  ca- 
pacity. There  were  five  hydrants ;  the  highest  pres- 
sure attained  being  250  feet. 

January  4,  1890,  the  most  disastrous  conflagration 
that  had,  at  that  date,  occurred  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes, 
broke  out  in  Wardner.  During  a  fateful  period  of 
four  hours  the  fire  raged  furiously,  and  within  that  time 
a  number  of  the  best  business  houses  and  several  resi- 


response  from  hundreds  of  people,  including  the  fire 
department,  but  with  the  deepest  chagrin  it  was  dis- 


1036 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


covered  that  no  water  was  available.  And  then  the 
panic-stricken  populace  began  fighting  the  flames  with 
snow,  which  was  thrown  upon  the  burning  structures. 
In  a  laundry,  at  the  rear  of  the  Mint  restaurant,  the 
fire  originated,  and  it  is  claimed  that,  had  there  been  a 
water  supply  the  flames  could  have  been  checked  at 
this  point.  Retarded  somewhat  in  their  course  by  the 
small  avalanches  of  snow  heaped  upon  them,  the  fire 
slowly  but  surely  ate  its  way  along  the  lines  of  busi- 
ness houses,  destroying  the  telephone  office,  the 
Moore  block,  and,  extending  up  the  street,  attacked  the 
main  business  district  of  the  town.  Giant  powder  was 
resorted  to  for  the  purpose  of  blowing  up  the  Grand 
Hotel  and  buildings  lower  down  the  street,  but  this 
plan  failed  of  the  desired  effect,  and  not  until  the  store 
of  Samuel  A.  Fischer  was  destroyed  was  the  progress 
of  the  fire  checked. 

It  is  a  pleasing  commentary  on  the  intelligence  and 
good  sense  of  the  residents  of  Wardner  that  during 
this  trial  by  fire  the  best  of  order  was  maintained 
throughout  the  city.  Following  is  a  list  of  the  build- 
ings destroyed,  with  approximate  losses : 

Smith  Sisters,  building,  $1,200;  Higby  &  Boyer, 
building  and  stock,  $8,000,  insurance,  $3,000;  C.  W. 
Weber  &  Co.,  building  and  stock,  $2,000;  Holley, 
Mason,  Marks  &  Co.,  building  and  stock,  $16,000, 
insurance,  $8,500;  Moore  block,  four  buildings, 
$7,000 ;  Al  Page,  stock  and  fixtures,  $2,500; 
Norman's  telephone  office  and  fixtures  $3  So; 
Mrs.  Snyder,  building,  $300;  Mrs.  Smitn, 
laundry,  $150;  J.  A.  Mayer,  Grand  Central  Hotel, 
three-story  building  and  furniture,  $10,000;  William 
Bolger,  club  rooms,  $1,200;  Charles  King,  restaurant 
fixtures,  $150;  D.  L.  Harley,  cigar  store,  $700;  Cos- 
tello  &  Sullivan,  restaurant,  $225;  J.  A.  Currie,  two 
buildings,  $2,000;  Comer  &  Parker,  building,  $2,000; 
James  Colligan,  saloon  fixtures,  $200;  William  Will- 
iams, building.  $1,000:  Joseph  Stehle.  beer  hall,  $600; 
B.  Flaig,  jewelry,  $250 :  Follett  &  Harris,  two  buildings, 
§1,500;  G.  M.  Spenar,  barber  shop,  $500;  C.  T.  Ander- 
son, tailor,  $150;  Edward  Bolger,  sample  room,  $250; 
White  House  building,  $7,000. 

The  buildings  partially  destroyed  were  Jacob  Abra- 
ham's, loss,$5oo:  H.  Pre'ssy's,  $500;  and  E.  Rupert's, 
postoffice  fixtures,  stock,  etc.,  $500. 

Among  the  more  enterprising  citizens  of  Wardner 
an  enthusiasm  prevailed  for  more  advanced  municipal 
features,  and  on  Monday,  April  13,  1891,  the  commis- 
sioners of  Shoshone  county  granted  a  petition,  signed 
by  a  majority  of  tax-paying  citizens,  asking  for  incor- 
poration. For  the  first  'year  Alexander  Monks,  A.  E. 
Carlson,  Charles  Sweeny,  Al  Page  and  H.  Drought 
were  named  as  trustees. 

Agitation  in  behalf  of  a  street  railway  was  begun  in 
November,  1808,  but  is  was  without  tangible  result. 
The  Wardner-Kellogg  Electric  Railway  Company 
filed  articles  of  incorporation  with  the  secretary  of 
state,  the  amount  of  capital  stock  being  placed  at  $500,- 
ooo.  The  board  of  directors  comprised  Bartlett  Press- 
ley,  and  Margaret  Pressley,  of  Kellogg,  Lawrence 
O'Neil,  of  Murray,  B.  Flaig,  of  Wardner,  and  William 
Woods,  of  Wallace.  It  was  the  announced  purpose  of 


this  company  to  construct  an  electric  system  from  Kel- 
logg, on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river, 
through  Wardner  to  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  mines, 
and  also  from  Kellogg  to  Gevernment  Gulch.  Owing 
to  insurmountable  difficulty  in  securing  a  right  of  way 
the  project  was  abandoned. 

On  New  Year's  Day,  1901,  responsible  citizens 
claimed  for  Wardner  a  population  of  2,000.  Through- 
out the  year  previous  the  town  had  forged  ahead  v\ 
derfully;  local  merchants  enjoyed  an  excellent  busi- 
ness ;  many  new  buildings  were  erected  and  an  atmos- 
phere of  prosperity  prevailed  throughout  the  Yreka 
mining  district.  Although  a  postoffice  had  been  es- 
tablished at  Government  Gulch,  handling  a  portion  of 
the  business  that  was  formerly  controlled  by  Wardn< 
the  amount  of  mail  received  and  dispatched  increas  _ 
twenty  per  cent.  For  the  year  1900  the  estimated  out- 
put of  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  mine,  from  figures 
compiled  by  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  Mining  Journal,  was 
29,717.66  tons  of  concentrates  and  crude  ore,  contain- 
ing 30,000,000  pound's  of  lead  and  606,000  ounces  of 
silver,  valued  at  $1,750,000.  It  is  only  in  the  contem- 
plation of  such  figures  that  one  can  appreciate  Ward- 
ner's  phenomenal  development. 

Officers  of  the  present  city  government  of  Ward- 
er are  as  follows :  Dr.  Hugh  France,  mayor ;  W.  H. 
North,  city  clerk ;  W.  J.  Baker,  city  treasurer ;  Fred 
Decker,  chief  of  police.  The  councilmen  from  the 
three  wards  in  the  city  are:  Al  Page,  Dr.  E.  W. 
Peebles,  R.  C.  Parry,  J.  H.  Collins  and  Edward  Bol- 
ger. In  the  two  precincts  of  the  city  are  four  justices 
of  the  peace,  viz. :  First  precinct,  R.  S.  Kelly,  Henry 
A.  Jones;  second  precinct,  John  A.  Parsons,  unarles 
H.  Wentz.  Fred  Decker  serves  as  constable  in  the  J 
first  and  J.  A.  R.  Campbell  in  the  second  precinct. 

An  excellent  water  system  has  been  provided  for 
Wardner,  owned  by  Alex  Monk,  at  present  a  resident  ! 
of  Ireland.     The  system  is  under  the  local  manage- 
ment of  Edward  Bolger. 

The    pioneer    church    edifice    in    Wardner    is    St.  I 
Peter's  Episcopal  church,  located  below  what  is  known 
as  the  "old  town."     It  was  dedicated  Saturday  .eve- ". 
ning,  November  29,  1895,  by  Bishop  Talbot,  assisted 
by  Rev.  P.  Murphy,  rector  of  St.  Mark's  church,  of  Y 
Moscow,  and  Rev.  A.  J.  Holworthy,  of  Trinity  church, 
Wallace.     At  present  there  are  four  church  organiza- 
tions,    the     Methodist     Episcopal,      Congregational, 
Episcopalian   and   Catholic,  and  an   Epworth   League 
society.     Rev.  D.  W.  Raines  is  the  resident  pastor  of 
the  M.  E.  church ;  Rev.  George  E.  Groves,  rector  off 
Trinity  church,  Rev.  J.  B.  Orr,  pastor  of  the  Congre- 
gational church,  and  Father  Becker,  of  the  Catholic 
church,  all  of  Wallace,  hold  service  at  Wardner  on  al- 
ternate Sundays. 

The  fraternal  societies  in  Wardner  are  represented 
by  the  Wodmen  of  the  World ;  Eagles,  Aerie  No.  170; 
Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  Knights  of  Pythias,  Improved 
Order  of  Red  Men  and  Wardner  Industrial  Union. 


PIERCE  CITY. 

To  Pierce  City  belongs  the  distinction  of  being  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


1037 


oldest  placer  mining  camp  in  Idaho.  Few  places  in 
the  northwest  possess  such  an  interesting  and  re- 
markable history.  In  this  section  of  the  west  there 
are  only  half  a  dozen  of  these  historic  towns,  and 
around  their  misty  past  have  been  woven  many  a  ro- 
mance, not  infrequently  containing  more  solid  truth 
than  fanciful  imagination,  dealing  with  the  golden 
days  of  old,  when  Dame  Fortune  was  in  a  most  ca- 
pricious mood.  Wonderful  tales  they  are,  of  fabulous 
fortunes,  the  exploits  of  hundreds  of  desperadoes  who 
mled  the  region,  the  free  and  strenuous  life  led  by  these 
dauntless  gold  seekers.  One  cannot  enter  the  pre- 
cincts of  these  old  camps,  having  read  and  heard  of 
their  history,  without  being  somewhat  awed  by  the 
scenes  before  him,  and  when  he  considers  that  thou- 
sands, perhaps  tens  of  thousands  of  pioneers  have  trod 
the  ground  on  which  he  walks,  and  that  millions  ot 
gold  have  been  washed  from  the  soil  beneath  his  feet 
is  it  strange  that  his  emotions  should  be  stirred? 

From  the  crest  of  the  hill  overlooking  Pierce  City 
from  the  southwest  one  can  view  the  little  valley  be- 
neath through  which  courses  Orofino  creek.  This  is 
the  famous  stream  that  drew  to  its  shores  the  pioneer 
miners  of  Idaho.  Half  a  mile  down  the  creek  stands 
the  cluster  of  buildings  forming  the  town  of  Pierce 
City.  From  all  sides  of  the  town,  except  where  a 
narrow  meadow  lies  along  the  banks  of  the  creek,  pine- 
clad  hills  and  mountains  rise  and  fall  gracefully  back 
against  the  horizon.  Here  and  there  can  be  seen 
enormous  piles  of  "tailings,"  debris  of  fallen  timber  in 
a  gulch  whose  sides  have  been  eaten  away  by  the  ener- 
getic toil  of  the  ambitious  miner  of  days  gone  by,  show- 
ing where  a  portion  of  the  millions  yielded  by  this  dis- 
trict have  been  secured.  A  well  constructed  bridge 
crosses  the  Orofino,  the  road  passing  along  the  bottom 
lands,  and  into  town.  As  is  usual  in  small  towns 
located  in  this  section,  there  is  but  one  street  in  Pierce 
City,  on  each  side  of  which  are  a  majority  of  the 
buildings  in  the  place.  Several  new,  commodious 
buildings,  mostly  for  business  purposes,  indicate  that 
Pierce  City  is  growing,  and  large  stocks  of  goods  tes- 
tify that  it  enjoys  a  commercial  importance.  And  yet, 
on  all  sides  are  to  be  seen  many  of  the  picturesque 
cabins  of  pioneers,  combining  to  accentuate  the  fact 
that  this  is  a  historical  town.  On  the  eastern  side  stands 
the  old  court  house,  a  substantial,  two-story  log  build- 
ing, erected  in  1862,  and  which  at  one  time  served  as 
the  county's  official  building  until  1884.  It  cost  be- 
tween $3,500  and  $4,000;  such  was  the  low  value 
placed  upon  town  property  after  removal  of  the  county 
seat,  in  the  later  year,  that  this  "court  house"  was  sold 
for  less  than  $50  to  Edward  Hammond.  Financially 
Mr.  Hammond  did  well  by  holding  the  property  until 
the  arrival  of  more  prosperous  times.  The  altitude  of 
Pierce  City  is  a  little  over  3,000  feet :  its  normal  popu- 
lation between  150  and  200. 

•  The  town  has  four  large  general  stores,  owned  re- 
spectively by  T.  B.  Reed  &  Co..  Samson  Snyder,  W.  H. 
Dahl  and  A.  M.  Roberts:  a  grocery  presided  over  by 
Duck  Lee,  a  Chinaman;  a  Chinese  store,  owned  by 
Lune  Wah;  two  excellent  hotels,  the  Pioneer,  con- 
ducted by  John  Lane,  and  the  City  Hotel,  A.  S.  War- 


ren, proprietor ;  a  well  stocked  drug  store,  the  property 
of  C.  Smith;  a  meat  market,  belonging  to  Saling  & 
King;  two  blacksmith  shops,  conducted  by  J.  Barney 
Richardson  and  I.  D.  Cleek;  three  livery  and  feed 
barns,  controlled  by  Col.  John  Lane,  A.  S.  Warren 
and  William  Curry:  two  lodging  houses,  kept  by 
William  Dahl  and  Samson  Snyder ;  a  barber  shop,  the 
property  of  E.'  B.  McElwain ;  a  postoffice  and  express 
office,  under  the  care  of  A.  M.  Roberts ;  a  saw  mill  of 
5,000  feet  capacity,  operated  by  the  American  Placer 
Mining  Company,  on  Canal  Gulch,  and  three  saloons. 
Besides  these  business  institutions  we  must  not  over- 
look the  Pierce  City  Miner,  a  newsy  little  paper  pub- 
lished weekly  by  the  Miner  Publishing  Company.  D. 
M.  Nulty  edits  the  journal  and  manages  the  property, 
which  is  creditable  to  the  camp  and  an  excellent  ex- 
ponent of  this  section's  advantages  and  resources.  All 
of  these  concerns  are  doing  a  gratifying  business  and 
sanguinely  looking  forward  to  more  prosperous 
periods  than  ever  before  experienced  in  the  later  his- 
tory of  the  camp.  In  1896  was  erected  a  comfortable 
school  house,  at  a  cost  of  $500,  in  which  nine  months' 
school  is  maintained.  Mrs.  Fred  Roos  is  the  present 
instructor.  This  building,  standing  on  the  hillside, 
occupies  the  site  of  the  old  fort  built  at  the  time  of  the 
Indian  war  of  1877.  As  yet  there  are  no  church  so- 
cieties in  the  town,  but  the  generous,  whole-souled 
hospitality  and  social  qualities  of  the  inhabitants  in- 
dicate a  congenial,  satisfied  and  well-purposed  com- 
munity. And  in  this  Pierce  City  is  but  typical  of  all 
mining  towns  of  Shoshone  county. 

With  the  outside  world  Pierce  City  is  connected 
with  telephone,  and  also  by  a  passenger  and  mail  stage 
making  six  trips  a  week  between  Greer  and  the  former 
place,  a  distance  of  twenty-nine  miles.  The  telephone 
system  is  a  private  line  installed  last  year.  There  is  a 
wagon  road  between  Orofino  and  Pierce  City,  a  much, 
travelled  summer  route,  though  not  so  popular  as  the 
Greer-Weippe  road.  Four  years  ago  Pierce  City  suf- 
fered a  severe  loss  by  fire,  flames  breaking  out  in  the 
store  of  Lee  Duck,  a  Chinese  merchant.  This  re- 
sulted in  the  destruction  of  Lee  Duck's  emporium, 
Charles  Smith's  saloon,  Jim  Fee's  store  and  two  vacant 
residences,  all  on  the  east  side  of  Main  street.  For- 
tunately there  was  considerable  snow  on  the  ground, 
and  by  keeping  William  Davis'  saloon  building  wet 
with  snow  and  water,  progress  of  the  fire  was  stayed 
and  the  town  saved.  The  log  buildings  destroyed  were 
soon  replaced  by  frame  structures,  arid  the  fire  his- 
tory of  more  ambitious  towns  was  repeated  in  Pierce 
City.  None  of  the  losses  was  covered  by  insurance. 
In  March,  1903,  the  store  of  A.  M.  Roberts  caught 
fire  and  a  more  serious  loss  than  that  of  1899  was  nar- 
rowly averted.  As  early  as  1865  a  fire  company  was 
organized,  consisting  of  between  thirty  and  forty  men, 
equipped  with  buckets,  hooks  and  ladders,  but  this 
primevial  department  has  long  since  passed  away,  re- 
membered only  by  the  earliest  pioneers.  Another  com- 
pany on  more  modern  lines  will,  probably,  be  put  in 
the  field  at  an  early  date. 

Lentil  1894  not  sufficient  was  thought  of  the  town- 
site  of  Pierce  City  to  warrant  any  one  in  claiming 


1038 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


possession  of  it.  But  that  year  Francis  Carle  and 
Augustus  Erickson  filed  mining  claims  upon  the  land, 
and  subsequently  Frank  Gaffney  entered  a  portion  as 
a  mining  claim.  In  December,  1901,  these  claims  were 
platted  in  a  townsite,  and  in  July,  1902,  the  land  was 
patented  and  deeds  given  the  claim  owners.  Of  these 
sixty  acres  only  a  few  acres  have  been  laid  out,  al- 
though all  of  the  land  is  suitable  for  building  purposes. 
The  three  principal  streets  are  Main,  Carl  and  Court, 
the  first  named  being  seventy-eight  feet  wide. 

With  an  enormous  mineral  body,  carrying  ores 
itnd  placer  gold  of  all  degrees  of  richness,  thousands 
of  acres  of  the  finest  white  pine,  red  and  white  fir, 
cedar  an  dtamarack  in  the  west  surrounding  the  town, 
a  splendid  site  and  energetic,  progressive  business  men, 
Pierce  City  has  before  it  a  most  promising  future,  and 
great  developments  may  be  confidently  expected  within 
the  succeeding  few  years. 


In  opening  this  sketch  of  Orofino  an  explanation  is 
due  relative  to  the  inconsistency  in  the  spelling  of  its 
name.  The  two  Spanish  words,  Oro  Fino,  mean  "fine 
gold,"  and  are  correctly  used  as  two  separate  words. 
A  recent  order  of  the  United  States  postal  department 
refuses  to  allow  the  use  of  double  names  for  postoffices. 
Hence  the  people  of  Orofino  were  compelled  to  change 
the  name  of  their  own  town  or  else  conform  to  the 
decision  of  the  department.  They  chose  the  latter 
alternative. 

It  is  the  largest  town  in  southern  Shoshone  county, 
situated  at  the  mouth  of  Oro  Fino  creek,  on  the  Clear- 
water  Short  Line  railroad,  four  miles  from  the  north 
fork,  and  forty-four  miles  from  Lewiston.  The  name, 
alone,  attracts  attention,  for  it  was  from  the  auriferous 
gravel  of  Oro  Fino  creek  that  the  first  gold  was  taken 
that  set  aflame  with  excitement  the  country,  synchrone- 
ous  with  the  attack  on  Fort  Sumter.  Fitting  it  is  that 
this  euphonious  Spanish  name  should  be  signalized  by 
the  building  of  a  city  and  the  naming  of  the  angry 
torrent.  To  this  end  nature  has  contributed  by  creat- 
ing. a  beautiful  site  at  the  mouth  of  Oro  Fino  canyon, 
which  widens  into  a  pretty,  park-like  cove,  extending 
inland  for,  perhaps,  a  mile.  Toward  the  Clearwater 
gently  slopes  the  broad  meadow,  and  the  creek  and 
open  parks,  and  alternating  clusters  of  yellow  pines 
and  budding  copses,  in  garbs  of  emerald  hue;  grass- 

be  seen  the  outer  edges  of  the  great  Clearwater  for- 
est ;  the  rushing,  tumbling  waters  of  the  creek  ;  the 
majestic  sweep  of  the  larger  stream,  all  add  to  the 
picturesqueness  of  the  town.  Especially  is  this  true 
in  the  springtime  when  the  sharp  contrast  between  the 
Clearwater  valley  and  the  high,  open  prairies  on  either 
side  is  marked.  The  valley  has  the  superior  winter, 
the  prairies  the  superior  summer  climate. 

At  the  head  of  this  attractive  cove,  then,  the  town 
of  Orofino  has  grown  and  prospered;  has  become  the 


most  important  point  in  the  surrounding  region.     At 
one  time  it  possessed  the  dignity  of  a  county-seat;  a 
s  the  county  of  which  it  became 


the  temporary  capital  was  declared  an  illegitimate  cre- 
ation and  was  dissolved.'  Previous  to  the  advent  of 
white  man,  in  1895,  Hale  Moody,  a  wealthy  Indian, 
was  the  most  prominent  resident  in  the  valley.  Before 
the  opening  of  the  reservation  he  lived  for  many  years 
on  Oro  Fino  creek.  When  the  reservation  was  finally 
thrown  open  to  the  whites  Hale  Moody  sold  his  stock, 

"Folded  his  tent  like  the  Arabs, 
And  silently  stole  away." 

Whence  he  came  and  whither  he  went  no  one  ap- 
pears to  know.    He  was  not  a  .Nez  Perce  India 
had  come  from  some  portion  of  Montana.     And  the 
old  "Hale  Moody"  place  is  now  the  property  of  Ben- 
jamin Hines,  whose  wife  is  a  Nez  Perce  woman.   This 
tract  embraces  about  one  hundred  and  forty  act 
the  best  land  in  the  valley  and,  together  with  j 
lotment  belonging  to  an   Indian   woman  named   ] 
las-poo,  or  Nancy,  as  she  is  known  by  the  whites,  i 
eludes  the  major  portion  of  the  bottom  land,  leavi 
only  a  comparatively  small  tract  of  deeded  land 
town-site  purposes.     The  Hines  place,  being  inh< 
Indian  land,  the  citizens  of  Qrofino  are  arranging  t 
purchase  a  portion,  if  not  all,  of  it  that  the  limits  of   ; 
the  town  may  be  extended.    The  tract  is  an  unusually 
fine   site,   the   ground    lying    practically   level   to   the 
water's    edge.     Across   the   Clearwater   a   precipitous 
bluff  rises  several  hundred  feet  from  the  river,  pre- 
cluding a  settlement  in  that  vicinity. 

The  strip  of  land  along  the  Oro  Fino  and  Clear- 
water,  still  unallotted  when  the  reservation  was  opened 
on  November  18,  1895,  was  homesteaded  by  Clifford  ' 
C.  Fuller,  on  November  19,  and  it  is  on  this  ground 
that  the  town  has  been  built.     Mr.  Fuller  commuted 
his  filing  in  February,   1896,  and  in   1898  the  Clear-  i 
water  Improvement  Company  was  organized  with  Mr.  ' 
Fuller  at  its  head  for  the  purpose  of  laying  out  a  town-  ] 
site  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  building  a  ferry  and 
otherwise   fostering  a  settlement  at  this  point.     The  j 
extreme  northwestern  forty  of  the  claim,  lying  in  sec-  j 
tion  7,  township  36,  north  range  2,  east  of  the  Boise  > 
meridian,  was  platted  in  June,  1898.    During  the  sum-  \ 
mer  a  ferry  was  built  which  was  placed  in  charge  of  I 
William  M.  Chandler,  and  a  rough  wagon  road  was  } 
constructed  to  the  top  of  the  western  side  of  the  can-  ; 
yon.     On  his  homestead  Mr.  Fuller  had  established  a  ; 
small  trading  post,  a  few  rods  from  the  bank  of  the 
river,     above   the    creek.      His    successor,   Dr.    C.    S.| 
Moody,  removed  the  goods  to  a  building  near  the  de-  '* 
pot  site,  and  there,  assisted  by  his  father,  conducted 
?  drug  and  general  merchandise  store.     The  story  oil 
the  establishment  of  Orofino  depends  upon  the  build- 
ing of  the  steamer  Hannaford  in  the  spring  of  1898 
by  the  Idaho  &  Washington  Transportation  Company, 
[t  was  proposed  by  this  organization  to  run  a  steamer 
line  between  the  mouth  of  Potlatch  creek  and  some 
point  on  the  upper  Clearwater,  connecting  that  sec- 
tion with  the  railroad.     In  order  to  control  this  trade 
Orofino  was  founded.     But  before  the  Hannaford  was 
completed    the    Northern   Pacific   Railway    Company 
purchased  the    boat  and  began  construction    of    the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


greatly  desired  railroad  up  the  Clearwater.  The  Han- 
naford  made  four  trips  and  was  then  taken  to  the 
Snake  river. 

To  the  little  hamlet  the  railroad  proved  a  boon. 
Orotino  was  made  division  headquarters  during  the  en- 
tire period.  There  were  one  thousand  men  on  the  pay- 
roll ;  payment  of  so  much  money  could  not  fail  to  at- 
tract merchants  to  the  town.  First  of  these,  after  the 
Moodys.  was  John  G.  Buescher.  He  opened  his  stock 
of  goods  October  i,  1898,  in  a  little  building  near 
Moody 's  store.  Ben  Rowland  had  built  a  little  cabin 
for  residence  purposes,  and  these  three  buildings,  to- 
gether with  C.  C.  Fuller's  home,  a  warehouse,  the 
ierry  and  the  postoffice,  which  had  been  removed  from 
Gilbert,  at  the  mouth  of  the  north  fork,  to  Orofino 
May  i,  1897,  and  Mrs.  Lois  J.  Anderson  appointed 
postmistress,  constituted  the  town  until  the  spring  of 
1899.  During  the  following  spring  and  summer 
stores  were  established  by  Langdon  &  Downing,  Mer- 
rill &  Woods,  Means  &  McKee,  Carlson  Brothers, 
Horace  Noble,  William  A.  Curry,  Jacob  Moritz,  R. 
F.  Woelk  and  Anderson  &  Company,  most  of  whom 
are  still  engaged  'in  business  in  the  town.  The  same 
spring  another  important  project  was  exploited,  the 
Orofino  Courier,  the  initial  number  being  issued  May 
19,  1899.  Its  publishers  were  Horace  E.  and  James 
R.  Greer.  From  that  time  on  the  outside  world  was 
advised  of  the  existence  of  Orofino.  The  pioneer  ho- 
tel was  the  Buckhorrf,  near  the  Courier  office,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Clearwater,  E.  R.  Reed  proprietor.  It 
was  abandoned  in  1900.  Another  hotel  was  opened 

I  in  July,   1899,  the  Noble  House;  proprietor,  Horace 

I  Noble.  At  present  it  is  owned  by  Mark  Means.  To 
Orofino  the  railroad  was  completed  September  22, 
1899,  and  a  station  opened  in  November,  the  site  being 
on  a  twenty-four-acre  tract  of  condemned  Indian  land. 
.The  spring  of  1899  witnessed  the  submergence  of  the 
streets  of  Orofino  by  the  waters  of  the  Clearwater  and 
the  creek. 

Never  since  has  Orofino  been  as  populous  as  it 
-was  in  1899.  This  is  owing  to  the  immense  number 
of  railroad  men  there  at  that  period,  but  its  permanent 
population  steadily  increased  from  the  time  of  its  es- 
tablishment, and  is  still  increasing.  A  census  of  the 
town,  taken  in  1901.  revealed  375  people,  and  this 
number  has  since  been  perceptibly  augmented.  In  1902 

'the  commissioners  of  Shoshone  county  appropriated 
$1,000  and  the  citizens  of  Orofino  $1,500  to  build  a 
Toad  between  Pierce  City  and  Orofino.  The  road  was 

'  "built  and  will  be  materially  improved  during  the  com- 
ing year.  Money  has  also  been  expended  improving 
the  grade  up  the  canyon  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Clearwater. 

The  business  interests  of  the  town  are  looked 
after  particularly  by  the  Orofino  Commercial  Club,  or- 
3?anized  in  the  spring  of  1900.  The  first  officers  were : 
P.  H.  Blake,  president ;  E.  H.  Fuller,  secretary ;  J.  W. 

-Merrill,  treasurer.  This  creditable  association  is  at 
present  officered  and  managed  by  James  A.  Parker, 
president :  Dr.  H.  M.  Cochran,  secretary,  and  J.  W. 

"  Merrill,  treasurer.  Monthly  meetings  are  held  by  the 
club. 


Realizing  that  Orofino  could  not  expand  on  Indian 
land,  Ellis  Small  and  J.  G.  Wright  platted  Small  & 
Wright's  addition  in  1899.  At  present,  there  are  prob- 
ably one  hundred  people  living  in  this  portion  of  Oro- 
fino. The  two  sections  of  the  town  are  separated  by 
a  strip  of  Indian  land  half  a  mile  wide,  but  the  walk 
is  a  delightful  one,  over  a  new  sidewalk  recently  laid 
between  the  two  divisions.  There  are  no  business 
houses  in  the  new  addition,  though  a  saw  mill  is  op- 
erated there  by  Hunsperger  &  Boehl. 

The  first  school  in  Orofino  convened  in  a  small 
frame  building  on  the  present  depot  grounds  in  the 
spring  of  1898.  The  teacher  was  Mrs.  Charles  Moody 
and  the  succeeding  term  was  taught  by  Miss  Anna 
Tierney.  Last  fall  a  new  schoolhouse,  a  handsome 
frame  structure,  was  opened  in  the  main  town.  To  pay 
for  this  building  the  district  issued  bonds  in  the  sum 
of  $1,850.  The  school  is  now  under  the  supervision 
of  Professor  I.  F.  Couch  and  Miss  Jessie  Haever- 
nick.  The  enrollment  is  113,  of  whom  fifty-seven  are 
boys.  The  Methodist  church  is  on  the  hill  above  the 
main  portion  of  the  town.  Rev.  T.  C.  Craig  is  pastor 
and  this  is  the  only  church  denomination  represented. 
There  are  three  fraternal  societies — Orofino  Lodge, 
No.  31,  Knights  of  Pythias;  Orofino  Lodge,  No.  64, 
I.  O.  O.  F..  and  Orofino  Camp,  No.  7810,  Modern 
Woodmen  of  America.  On  the  hill  above  town  are  a 
number  of  fine  springs,  and  a  company  is  now  being 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  putting  in  a  complete  water 
system.  The  Cascade  Lumber,  Light  and  Power  Com- 
pany was  recently  organized  with  a  capital  of  $300,- 
ooo.  It  has  purchased  a  tract  of  land  lying  below  the 
falls  on  Oro  Fino  creek,  four  miles  east  of  the  city, 
and  here  will  be  established  a  large  saw  mill  and 
power  plant.  The  main  thoroughfare  of  Orofino  is 
Jackson  street,  a  broad  avenue  along  the  entire  length 
of  the  town,  and  here  are  located  a  majority  of  the 
business  houses.  On  every  hand  may  be  seen  well 
built  homes,  and  the  people  within  them  possess  those 
qualities  of  generosity,  hospitality  and  progressiveness 
characteristic  of  the  new  West. 

.  The  business  houses  and  professional  men  of  Oro- 
fino may  be  listed  as  follows:  General  mercantile 
stores— J.  G.  Buescher,  J.  W.  Merrill,  Oro  Fino  Trad- 
ing Company,  Ltd. ;  Mark  Means,  Oro  Fino  Mercan- 
tile Company,  Ltd.;  Jacob  Moritz.  Private  banks- 
Mark  Means.  Oro  Fino  Trading  Company,  Ltd. 
Newspapers— The  Orofino  Courier,  Greer  Brothers; 
Optimist,  Charles  Hoffstetter,  editor  and  manager,  is- 
sued by  the  Optimist  Publishing  Company.  Hotels- 
Noble  House,  A.  J.  Payne,  proprietor:  Reynolds 
House,  conducted  by  Mrs.  M.  L.  Reynolds.  Hard- 
ware— L.  Stannus,  successor  to  Stannus  &  Olcott. 
Drug  store- -Dr.  J.  E.  Beck.  Meat  market— O.  F. 
Woelk.  Bakeries— Mrs.  W.  P.  Greer,  John  Taylor. 
Livery  barn— Clearwater  Livery  and  Feed  Stables, 
Demarest  &  Edmonson,  proprietors.  Feed  stable— 
Hanks  &  Phelps.  Millinery— Miss  Maggie  Smith, 
Miss  Mary  Finney.  Harness  and  saddlery— George 
W.  Moody.  Notions — James  A.  Parker.  Cigars  and 
confectionery— W.  A.  Curry,  F.  T-  Sisk.  Blacksmiths 
— Olsen  Brothers.  Barbers— W.'  A.  Curry.  Real  es- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


tate — Clearwater  Real  Estate  and  Loan  Agency,  Al- 
bert L.  Morgan  and  Harry  Caufield,  proprietors.  At- 
torneys at  law— William  M.  Chandler,  Albert  L.  Mor- 
gan, Frank  H.  Greenman.  Physicians— Dr.  J.  E. 
Beck,  Dr.  Henry  E.  Fry.  Dentist— H.  Miles  Cochran. 
Postmaster — James  A.  Parker.  A  brass  band  of  ten 
pieces  is  being  trained  under  the  leadership  of  a 
skilled  and  painstaking  musician. 

MULLAN. 

In  his  annual  report  for  1889  the  Governor  of 
Idaho  said : 

"Mullan,  seven  miles  east  of  Wallace,  has  a  natural 
location  of  great  beauty,  and  is  one  of  the  coming 
towns  of  Cceur  d'Alene.  It  is  well  built,  has  two  fine 
hotels,  a  public  school  and  a  weekly  newspaper,  the 
Mullan  Tribune.  The  population  is  800,  and  it  is  the 
center  of  a  large  mining  district." 

As  early  as  1885  a  town-site  company  was  incor- 
porated, comprising  Charles  J.  Best,  president,  and 
John  W.  Marr,  C.  A.  Earle,  Enos  G.  Good  and  A.  J. 
Betaque,  directors,  for  the  purpose  of  laying  out  and 
platting  the  town  of  Mullan.  August  4,  1888,  in  the 
Shoshone  county  auditor's  office  was  filed  the  original 
plat.  The  field  notes  were  filed  one  month  later,  de- 
scribing the  location  as  Hunter's  Mining  District, 
bounded  by  Mill  creek  on  the  west,  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
railway,  later  the  O.,  R.  &  N.,  on  the  south ;  govern- 
ment town-site.  The  original  area  was  19.045  acres, 
on  the  Mullan  road,  west  of  the  Idaho  and  Montana 
line,  on  land  once  known  as  "Nigger  prairie," 
eighteen  miles  east  of  Evolution,  and  seven  miles  from 
the  confluence  of  Canyon  creek  and  the  south  fork  of 
the  Cceur  d'Alene  river.  In  1888  Mullan  contained 
twenty  log  and  fifteen  frame  houses,  one  saw  mill,  one 
two-story  log  and  one  two-story  frame  hotel  and  150 
inhabitants.  The  estimated  value  of  improvements 
was  $10,000.  The  same  year  Mullan  was  surveyed 
by  George  R.  Trask,  assisted  by  Probate  Judge  Cone, 
for  patent  purposes  under  the  incorporation  law  of 
Idaho.  For  a  short  period  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company  ignored  the  name  of  Mullan  and  at- 
tempted to  rechristen  the  town  Ryan,  but  this  effort 
proved  futile,  although  the  citizens  acknowledged 
themselves  deeply  indebted  to  Mr.  Ryan  for  his  val- 
uable assistance  in  building  up  the  town.  It  was  Ryan 
who  purchased  the  Hunter  mine  in  the  infancy  of  the 
camp. 

During  the  year  1889  Judge  Potts,  at  present  a 
resident  of  Mullan,  attempted  to  establish  a  rival  town 
three  miles  east  of  the  latter  place.  As  he  himself 
expresses  his  opinion  of  prevailing  conditions  at  that 
period,  'There  was  a  wild  time  in  Mullan."  Concern- 
ing this  project  a  writer  in  the  Mullan  Tribune  of 
September  5,  1889,  says : 

"Visitors  to  the  Summit  on  Sunday  afternoon, 
September  r,  were  surprised  to  find  a  force  of  men 
busily  engaged  in  laying  out  a  town-site  on  the  small 
clearing  just  this  side  of  the  south  fork,  where  the 
Northern  Pacific  engineer  corps  is  camped.  On  Sun- 
day morning  the  engineers  surveyed  the  plat,  named 


it  Tunnel  City  and  began  fencing  it  in  at  once  and  by 
evening  had  about  thirty  acres  inclosed.  Some  Mul- 
lanites  hearing'  of  these  proceedings,  early  on  Monday 
morning  rode  out  and  each  staked  off  a  lot,  beginning 
at  the  boundary  line  of  Tunnel  City  and  following  the 
Mullan  road  toward  town.  There  are  now  probably 
a  hundred  lots  fenced  or  located.  The  railroad  boys 
are  in  favor  of  naming  the  place  Tunnel  City,  but  as 
it  has  been  previously  christened  "Pottsville"  by  some 
ladies,  it  is  thought  that  the  latter  name  will  prevail. 
The  future  for  the  little  town  looks  quite  encouraging. 
Messrs.  Potts  &  White  are  already  running  a  hotel  and 
general  store.  Messrs.  Lardis  &  Perkins  are  fitting 
up  a  restaurant.  A  blacksmith  shop  and  meat  market 
are  scheduled." 

This  attempt  to  establish  a  rival  to  Mullan  came 
to  naught,  as  did  the  "McFarland"  enterprise  in  1885. 
The'  latter  was  an  attempt  to  convert  into  a  town-site 
a  mining  camp  about  a  mile  west  of  the  town-site  of 
Mullan.  In  October,  1892,  Probate  Judge  Gregory 
received  a  United  States  patent  for  18.874  acres  of 
the  town-site  of  Mullan.  This  included  the  main 
business  portion  of  the  town,  but  did  not  take  in  the 
entire  settlement.  Several  years  previous  the  patent 
had  been  applied  for,  but  owing  to  differences  of  opin- 
ion among  the  residents,  more  land  was  not  included 
in  the  patent.  In  December,  1888,  Mullan  was  en- 
joying a  lively  boom,  accelerated  mainly  by  prospects 
of  an  early  completion  of  a  railr&ad  to  this  place.  The 
Hunter  concentrator,  capacity  300  tons  a  day,  was 
under  construction,  there  were  many  strangers  in 
town,  and  building  operations  were  in  full  swing. 

Saturday  evening,  July  24,  1897,  occurred  the  first 
serious  loss  by  fire.  At  10  o'clock  p.  m.  the  watchman 
of  the  Gold-Hunter  mill  discovered  the  roof  of  the 
boiler  room  in  flames.  There  being  sufficient  steam 
ieft,  he  immediately  sounded  the  whistle.  This  sum- 

ployes,  who  attempted  to  connect  the  hose  in  the  boiler 
room.     They  were  driven  away  by  heat.     Although 
subsequent   connection   was   made   with   the   fireplug, 
this  proved  useless  and  the  entire  structure  was  soon 
in  flames.     From  Wallace  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail-    ; 
way  Company  sent  out  an  engine  to  release  a  number 
of  cars  on  the  mill  sidetrack,  which,  with  the  exeep-    •. 
tion  of  two,  were  saved  from  destruction.     The  mill   I 
was  burned  to  the  ground.     The  fire  was  caused  by    ' 
sparks  from  the  smokestack  and  is  supposed  to  have    I 
been  smoldering  some  time  previous  to  its  discovery.    ] 
The  loss  was  estimated  at  $50,000.  with  insurance  of   | 
$30,000.     By  this  disaster  between  fifty  and  sixty  men   j 
were  deprived  of  employment. 

Monday,  April  18,  1898,  the  Morning  mill  was  de-    | 
stroyed  by  fire,  involving  a  loss  of  $100,000,  covered   J 
by  insurance  of  $60,00.    From  a  heating  stove,  the  only    > 
one  in  the  building,  the  fire  originated,  spreading  so 
rapidly  that  employes  had  barely  time  to  escape  with 
their  'lives.      Three    hundred   men    were    temporarily 
thrown  out  of  work,  but  the  owners  of  the  plant,  who 
were  on  the  ground,  announced  their  intention  of  re- 
building so  soon  as  the  insurance  could  be  adjusted. 
At  that  period  the  daily  output  of  the  concentrator  was 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


ioo  tons,  and  the  pay-roll  amounted  to  $35,000  a 
month. 

Conditions  in  Mullan  during  the  year  1900  are 
concisely  described  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Mining  Jour- 
nal, of  September  i,  1901: 

The  town  of  Mullan  is  located  in  a  stretch  of  mountain, 
valley,  or  canyon,  oasis,  on  the  banks  of  the  south  fork  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  river,  a  spacious,  beautiful  spot  for  a  thrifty 
mining  town.  In  other  words,  Mullan  has  room  to  grow,  and 
is  expanding  along  desirable  lines.  Her  population  is  increas- 
ing and  the  trade  of  her  merchants  keeping  pace  with  the 

good  water  service,  an  electric  light  plant,  a  nine-grade  public 
school,  with  over  two  hundred  children  attending,  in  charge  of 
Prof.  Conklin,  the  usual  number  of  religious  societies  and  fra- 

civilized  and  progressive  class  of  people.  The  year  just  closed 
gave  to  Mullan  many  new  residences,  besides  a  three-story 
block,  43  by  65  feet,  erected  by  Townsmen  Frank  Edwards 
and  Gus  Glome.  The  demand  for  residences  has  not  been 

the  present  year.  Real  estate  is  rapidly  advancing  in  price. 
Thomas  Henry,  representative-elect,  is  a  large  owner  of  town 
realty.  Railroad  traffic  increased  fifty  per  cent  in  1900,  and  the 
volume  of  postoffice  business  in  proportion. 

At  present  the  population  of  Mullan  is  1,200.  Re- 
ligious societies  are  represented  by  the  Congregation- 
alists,  Episcopalians  and  Roman  Catholics,  all  of  which 
have  church  organizations  and  buildings  for  worship. 
Fraternal  societies  include  Odd  Fellows,  Improved 
Order  of  Red  Men,  Ancient  Order  United  Workmen, 
Woodmen  of  the  World,  Foresters,  Scandinavian 
Brotherhood,  Women  of  Woodcraft  and  Degree  of 
!  Honor.  An  excellent  system  of  water  works  is  sup- 
plied from  Boulder  and  Silver  Creeks.  The  principal 
mines  adjacent  to  the  town  are  the  Morning,  on  the 
west,  and  the  Hunter,  on  the  east.  Aside  from  these 
the  Snowstorm,  a  copper  discovery,  two  miles  east  of 
Mullan,  is  in  a  flattering  stage  of  development,  a  1000- 
foot  tunnel  now  being  completed  on  a  level  of  1,072 
feet.  Should  sulphite  ore  be  struck  in  the  ledge  the 
company,  represented  by  Mr.  Thomas  Donnelly,  an 
experienced  mining  man,  will  erect  a  smelter.  There 
are,  also,  numerous  other  prospects  in  the  vicinity  of 
Mullan,  including  the  You  Like,  Just  As,  Reindeer, 
Silver  Cliff,  Missoula,  Copper  King  and  Copper  Plate. 
The  Evening  mine  was  the  first  discovery  on  Chloride 
Hill. 

Of  the  school  of  Mullan.  District  No.  12,  the  county 
superintendent's  report  gives  the  following  figures: 
Number  of  boys  enrolled,  38 ;  number  of  girls,  26,  to- 
tal, 64.  Average  attendance,  44.11.  The  teacher  is 
Beth  Moran.  There  are  two  school  terms  of  171^ 
days  each,  during  the  year,  and  the  salary  paid  the 
teacher  is  $80  a  month. 


To  chronicle  the  history  of  the  oldest  existing,  and, 
:  for  years  the  most  important  town  in  the  Coeur  d'A- 
lenes,  involves  a  judicious  condensation  of  much  val- 
uable information.  Were  the  story  exhaustively  re- 
lated it  would  occupy  a  score  of  pages,  or  more,  in 
a  work  like  this,  for  around  and  within  the  limits  of 


Murray  were  grouped  important  and  impressive 
events ;  portrayals  of  early  struggles  and  uplifting  of 
this  region.  In  earlier  years  Murray  was  the  abode  of 
the  camp's  most  notable  pioneers.  Her  earlier  history 

tive  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  and  patiently  must  these 
threads  be  untangled  in  one's  efforts  to  present  an  ac- 
curate, yet  satisfactory  history  of  the  town.  It  was 
named  in  honor  of  George  Murray,  a  part  owner  of  one 
of  the  claims  on  which  the  town  was  built. 

A  typical  Coeur  d'Alene  town,  Murray,  originally 
Murraysville,  is  situated  in  a  canyon  on  Pritchard 
Creek,  main  tributary  of  the  north  fork  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river,  about  twelve  miles  due  north  from  Wal- 
lace, with  which  city  it  is  connected  by  one  of  the  fin- 
est mountain  roads  in  the  district.  Concerning  its 
earlier  history  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Eagle,  of  April  12, 
1884,  said: 

"Murraysville  is  the  name  of  a  town  on  Prichard 
Creek,  laid  out  January  22,  last.  The  townsite  is  lo- 
cated on  three  creek  claims,  and  next  to  Eagle  it  is 
the  best  location  in  the  camp  for  a  town.  There  is  a 
surprising  activity  in  building  at  the  present  time,  and 
those  who  have  located  there  are  enthusiastic  over  the 
prospect  of  its  future  growth.  Every  branch  of  busi- 
ness is  represented  and  all  are  making  money.  The  fa- 
mous Widow  claim  lies  immediately  above  the  town 
and  one  mile  above  the  creek  is  the  Mother  Lode.  The 
Murraysville  people  are  active  and  enterprising  and 
ialk  of  making  the  town  a  lively  rival  of  Eagle.  The 
camp,  however,  is  rich  enough  and  extensive  enough 
to  support  two  or  three  towns  the  size  of  Eagle  without 
their  interests  conflicting.  Murraysville  is  headquart- 
ters  for  Summit  mining  district,  which  was  organized 


February  7,  and  in  vvhic 
placer  claims  have  been  f 


placer  claims  have  been  found." 

In  May,  1885,  it  is  noted  in  the  Murray  Sun  that 
"a  year  ago  a  dense  forest  occupied  the  townsite  of 
Murray,  so  dense  that  it  was  with  extreme  difficulty 
that  even  a  woodsman  could  make  his  way  through 
it."  Yet  in  1885  so  industriously  had  Murray  spun 
the  web  of  her  municipal  destiny  that  she  secured  the 
county  seat  from  Pierce  City,  and  as  early  as  July  10, 
1884,  her  business  houses  comprised  the  following: 

J.  R.  Marks  &  Co.,  hardware;  C.  D.  Beckwith,  pho- 
tographer; Bass  &  Ingalls,  drugs;  C.  A.  Hoyt,  as- 
sayer ;  F.  W.  Brown,  fruits,  nuts,  etc. ;  J.  L.  Benning- 
ton,  Barrett  &  Zeigers,  G.  M.  McCowen,  restaurants ; 
A.  Erwin,  boots  and  shoes;  Brown  Brothers,  lodging 
house;  Idaho  Sun,  Pioneer,  newspapers;  Benjamin 
Eggleston,  feed  stable;  Eugene  Kline,  successor  to 
Sinclair  &  Lockwood,  Roderick  McKenzie,  Wardner 
&  Co.,  and  Dennell  &  Co.,  general  merchandise;  J. 
F.  Stevens,  J.  T.  Roberts,  <  ontractors ;  "Dave's  Place," 
saloon ;  Ainsworth,  Hawkins  &  Co.,  bankers ;  Lafferty 
Bros.  &  Click,  bakery.  J.  A.  Mattis  was  postmaster. 

Sunday  morning,  November  2,  1884,  the  first  Cath- 
olic mass  held  in  Murray  was  celebrated,  Rev.  Louis 
Jacquet,  a  Jesuit  attached  to  the  Spokane  Mission  on 
Peone  prairie,  and  known  by  the  Indians  as  "Broken 
Arm,"  leading  the  services.  The  first  Episcopalian 
service  was  held  Sunday,  October  25,  1885,  in  the  old 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


court  room,  at  which  Right  Reverend  Dr.  Turtle, 
Bishop  of  Idaho,  presided.  The  first  M.  E.  church  was 
built  in  1896.  The  initial  bank  in  the  town  was  known 
as  the  Bank  of  Murray,  established  in  1884,  C.  L. 
Dahler,  president;  Charles  Hussly,  secretary,  and  W. 
Hussly,  cashier.  During  May,  1884,  the  department 
at  Washington,  D.  C.,  adopted  the  name  of  Curry  as 
the  designation  of  the  postoffice,  but  this  was  changed 
to  Murray  within  a  very  short  time. 

A  private  school  was  opened  September  15,  1884, 
by  Mrs.  Robert  Neil,  with  an  attendance  of  thirteen 
pupils.  Monday,  March  30,  1885,  the  school  trustees 
of  District  No.  3  (Murray),  having  so  ordered,  the 
first  public  school  taught  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  was 
opened  with  25  pupils ;  fourteen  girls  and  eleven  boys. 
Miss  Selma  Talbott  had  been  engaged  as  teacher  at 
a  salary  of  $75  a  month.  During  the  same  year  a  lot 
was  purchased  for  public  school  purposes  and  a  suita- 
ble building  erected  thereon.  The  present  handsome 
building,  built  in  1897,  cost  $2,350. 

Mr.  Adam  Aulbach,  edior  and  proprietor  of  the 
Murray  Sun,  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  in 
the  winter  of  1884-5  there  were  one  thousand  people 
on  the  Murray  townsite,  and  fifteen  hundred  in  contig- 
uous mines.  There  were,  also,  fifty  saloons.  The 
same  winter  a  heav  snow  storm,  whi'ch  set  in  on  the 
-afternoon  of  December  18,  wrought  considerable  dam- 
age, crushing  four  large  buildings,  and  destroying  the 
roofs  of  others.  The  largest  of  tht  structures  thus 
:nuined  was  the  Theater  Comique.  By  December  23, 
ihirty  inches  of  snow  had  fallen  during  the  season. 

A  call  for  a  public  meeting  to  participate  in  the  or- 
ganization of  a  fire  department  was  issued  in  January, 
1885,  pursuant  to  which  the  court  room  of  Justice  Mc- 
Kay was  filled  with  an  enthusiastic  gathering  of  the 
business  men  of  Murray.  A  volunteer  fire  company 
was  rapidly  enrolled,  and  the  following  officers  elected : 
J.  T.  Roberts,  chief;  J.  Marks,  assistant;  John  M. 
Burke,  foreman;  J.  Hackleman,  assistant  foreman; 
Frank  Stevens,  second  assistant  foreman ;  M.  L.  Fein- 
berg;  G.  N.  Culver,  treasurer.  The  name  of  the  organ- 
ization was  Friendship  Company,  No.  i.  The  immi- 
nent danger  from  fire  was  again  eagerly  discussed 
March  11,  1886,  at  a  public  meeting  held  at  Union  hall. 
Before  adjournment  a  committee  of  eleven  was  named 
and  instructed  to  devise  some  practical  plan  for  pro- 
tecting the  town  from  fire.  The  committee  selected 
were  W.  L.  Blossom,  S.  Fuller,  W.  W.  Hart,  Warren 
Hussly,  W.  J.  Hawkins,  Roderick  McKenzie,  A.  B. 
Levi,  O.  D.  Garrison,  Adam  Aulbach  and  Messrs. 
Moffitt  and  Wolf.  The  result  of  the  deliberations  of 
this  committee  was  the  establishment  of  the  Murray 
Water  Company,  with  a  capital  of  $5,000,  divided  into 
shares  of  $25  each.  This  stock  was  readily  taken  by 
the  citizens  of  the  town,  and  a  water  right  was  located 
at  the  head  of  the  east  fork  of  Alder  gulch,  and  fifty 
inches  of  water  were  taken. 

From  the  many  lot-jumping  sensations  common  to 
Shoshone  county  residents  of  Murray  were  not  ex- 
empt. In  January,  1885,  a  number  of  unoccupied 
lots  on  lower  Main  street  were  jumped.  Temporarily 
this  excited  only  passing  comment,  as  the  owners 


were,  at  the  time,  out  of  the  county.  This  served, 
however,  to  embolden  others;  the  contagion  spread 
rapidly.  Within  a  remarkably  short  period  every 
vacant  lot  in  Murray  was  jumped.  The  title  under 
which'  the  jumpers  purposed  to  hold  these  lots  never 
possessed  any  validity  whatever,  and  was,  in  the  main, 
a  side  issue  of  the  Schultze-Keeler  case,  adjudicated 
several  years  later.  Still  it  was  serious  enough  to  en- 
danger a  small  reign  of  terror.  The  climax  was 
reached  at  n  o'clock,  a.  m.,  January  30,  when,  ac- 
cording to  the  Murray  Sun,  one  man  "planted  himself 
on  the  north  side  of  First,  at  the  intersection  of  Main 
street,  stuck  up  a  notice  that  the  ground  belonged  to 
him,  and  with  a  shovel  proceeded  to  clear  away  the 
snow."  This  action  developed  a  panic.  To  protect 
the  other  side  of  the  streets  citizens  hastily  secured 
planks  and  fenced  them  in.  In  their  raid  a  number 
of  the  jumpers  attacked  the  "Widow  Claim,"  erecting 
fences  right  and  left.  These,  however,  were  promptly 
razed  to  the  ground  by  William  Keeler,  Mr.  Cromie 
and  others.  So  serious  became  the  situation  that,  in 
response  to  a  petition  a  public  meeting  was  held  at 
Smith's  hall,  and  the  following  resolution  unani- 
mously adopted : 

Resolved,  that  the  streets  of  Murray,  between  Gold  Run 
and  Alder  Gulch,  as  laid  out  by  the  original  locators  of  the 
town,  must,  and  shall  be,  kept  open  as  public  thoroughfares. 

At  this  meeting  Judge  Claggett,  one  of  Murray's 
earliest  pioneers,  made  an  earnest  and  patriotic  appeal 
for  law  and  justice  to  the  property  owners.  To  en- 
force this  resolution,  remove  obstructions  and  assume 
general  charge  of  the  'matter,  a  committee  was  named 
comprising  J.  R.  Roberts,  Con  Sullivan,  William  Keel- 
er, R.  R.  Cummins  and  Adam  Aulbach.  The  spirit  of 
this  meeting  was  manifested  by  a  motion  which  heart- 
ily prevailed,  to  the  effect  that  all  lots  of  fifty  feet 
front  and  125  feet  in  depth,  upon  which  there  were 
improvements,  should  be  protected  vie  et  armis  against 
jumpers. 

This   outbreak   was   followed   by  litigation  of   far 
greater  significance.     It  was  in  1884  that  the  famous    ] 
suit  of  A.  J.  Prichard  vs.  William  Keeler,  et  al.,— a 
causuc    celebre — was    placed    upon    the    court    calen-    j 
dar,  there  to  remain  ten   years,  or  until  July,   1894.    j 
The  original  plaintiff,  however,  had  been  C.  A.  Schultze    - 
and  the  suit  involved  title  to  four-fifths  of  Murray's    j 
townsite.     It  was  finally  compromised  and  the  plain- 
tiff, Prichard,  who  had"  taken  up  the  claim  of  C.  A.  1 
Schultze,  M.  H.  Lane  and  W.  O.  Endicott,  was  per-  I 
mitted  to  take  judgment.     Keeler,  as  it  appears  from  1 
the  records,  was  accused  of  having  jumped  the  claims 
of  these  parties. 

Another  legal  decision  has  been  embalmed  in  the  $ 
archives  of   Murray,  and  one  which  assumed  rather 
dramatic  effects.    The  story  is  well  told  in  the  Murray 
Sun,  of  October  27,   1885. 


:ident  for 


. -ing  when  news  that  Judge  Buck  had  given  hii 
favorable  to  the  Golden  Chest  Mining  Company,  i 
which  this  company's  right  to  the  ledge  was  contested 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1043 


— ^ ~.^. 

demonstration,   significant    in   its   spontaneity,   f 

'      :  at  the 


iad  been  prepared  and  placed  in  a  box. 


number  of  cartridges  had  been  prepared  and  placed  in  a  box. 
In  lighting  the  fuse  of  the  first  cartridge  a  spark  must  have 
ignited  some  of  the  fuse  in  the  box,  for  immediately  after  the 


hastily   improvised  transparencies.      No  polit 

this   sympathetic  community  toward  the   pioi 
and  the  company. 

Most  of  the  more  prominent  fraternal  societies  are 
represented  at  Murray.  Tuesday  evening,  November 
I  ->4,  1885,  the  first  A.  O.  U.  W.  lodge  in  the  Coeur 
L  d'Alenes  was  organized,  No.  14,  under  jurisdiction  of 
'•  the  grand  lodge  of  Nevada.  The  original  officers  were  • 
.  Richard  A.  Pomeroy,  P.  M.  W. ;  ]ohn  C.  Harkness, 
:  M.  W. ;  Thomas  A.  Linn,  overseer;  Jesse  Coulter, 
|  ioreman;  C.  T.  P.  Bass,  recorder;  Ernest  Rammerl- 
[  meyer,  recorder;  Thomas  E.  McLelland,  financier; 
I  John  M.  Burke,  guide ;  William  P.  Conellard,  I.  W. ; 
'  Andrew  Cavanaugh,  O.  W. ;  John  M.  Burke,  Richard 
I  A.  Pomeroy  and  Thomas  F.  Hanley,  trustees.  This 
lodge  was  organized  with  a  membership  of  thirty. 

Coeur  d'Alene  Lodge.  No.  20,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  was 
organized  in  November,  1886.  Canby  Post  No.  n, 
|G.  A.  R.,  was  mustered  in  at  Masonic  Hall,  Sunday 
afternoon,  October  3,  1886.  Murray  Lodge  No.  38, 
1.  O.  O.  F.,  with  twenty-two  charter  members,  was 
^organized  in  March,  1891.  Damon  Lodge,  No.  22, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  was  among  the  pioneer  organi- 
zations in  the"  Coeur  d'Alenes. 

.  Coulson  &  Company's  express  line,  the  first  stage 
route  .between  Murray  and  Wrardner,  began  making 
regular  trips  May  10,  1886.  On  March  31,  1891,  the 
mail  contract  between  Murray  and  Thompson,  Mont., 
was  discontinued,  since  which  period  all  mail  has 
reached  Murray  from  Wallace,  on  the  south  fork.  April 
•  I,  1891,  the  Bank  of  North  Idaho  was  opened  by 
Frank  F.  Johnson,  superseding  Hussey's  bank.  The 
present  officers  are  L.  A.  Doherty,  president;  C.  B. 
Craven,  cashier. 

Sunday  afternoon,  September  20,  1896,  Murray 
suffered  from  the  most  disastrous  fire  in  her  history. 
Considering,  however,  the  demoralized  condition  of 
the  fire  department  it  was  acknowledged  by  all  resi- 
dents that  they  escaped  cheaply.  This  was  rendered 
possible  by  absence  of  high  wind.  The  fire  originated 


from  a  panful  of  lard  in  the  residence  of  Pascal 
Michieu,  on  Gold'  street,  between  First  and  Paradise 
avenues.  Five  buildings  were  destroyed  and  the 
flames  communicated  to  Niedenthal  &  Smith's  new 
barn  and  the  roof  of  Coons  &  Paskill's  place.  Mich- 
ieu, whose  residence  was  destroyed,  was  badly  burned 
on  one  hand  and  lost  $50  in  currency.  Although  the 
entire  loss  suffered  by  this  disaster  was  not  large,  it 
fell  mainly  upon  poor  people  who  could  ill  afford 
to  lose  their  homes. 

Events  in  Murray  during  1898  were  sharply  ac- 
centuated by  a  homicide,  the  killing  of  James  Urqui- 
hart  by  Mrs.  Thomas  Saling.  The  husband  of  the 
woman  was  away  from  home,  and  Monday  morning, 
December  5,  LTrquihart,  who  was  under  the  influence 
of  liquor,  attempted  to  break  into  the  cabin.  Mrs. 
Saling  seized  a  rifle  and  shot  him.  The  wounded  man 
was  taken  to  the  Providence  Hospital,  Wallace,  where 
he  died  at  4  o'clock,  Wednesday  morning.  Mrs.  Sal- 
ing was  promptly  acquitted  by  a  coroner's  jury. 

Flames  again  menaced  Murray,  February  21,  1901, 
and  it  was  with  no  little  difficulty  that  the  town  was 
saved  from  destruction.  The  fire  threatened  seriously 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  Company's  large  warehouse,  and 
only  a  desperate  half  hour's  fight  kept  the  flames  with- 
in bounds.  A  gasoline  lamp  explosion,  in  the  rear  of 
the  postoffice  building,  was  the  cause  of  the  fire.  This 
building,  with  much  of  its  contents,  was  totally  de- 
stroyed, with  a  loss  of  $2,000,  partly  insured. 

The  business  enterprise  of  Murray  in  1902  is  rep- 
resented as  follows : 

General  stores— Murray  Mercantile  Company,  J. 
C.  Feehan,  manager ;  M.  "Prager  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Louis 
Prager,  manager.  Grocery  and  bakery — E.  W.  Bur- 
ton. Hardware — Murray  Hardware  Company.  W. 
P.  Northup,  manager.  "  Druggist — Dr.  George  S. 
Lesher.  Express  and  postoffice — C.  C.  Landes.  Meat 
market— Fuller  Bros.  Millinery  and  dry  goods— Mrs. 
Tena  Schmidt ;  Mrs.  Josephine  Erwin.  Restaurant- 
Mrs.  Klepinger  and  sister.  Hotels — Murray,  George 
Gilpatrick  ;  Louisville,  Charles  Manley.  Rooming  house 
Mrs.  Martha  McCorkingale.  Blacksmith— Amos  Wat- 
kins.  Barber  shop— Robert  Wilkinson.  Fruit  stand- 
Frank  Savage.  Doctors— G.  S.  Lesher,  Rova  Alex- 
ander. School  teachers — G.  H.  Dunn  and  wife.  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace — Dr.  G.  S.  Lesher.  Constable — Ben 
Schneiderjamm.  Livery— McCann  &  Dunn.  Tailor— 
E.  G.  Tarbox. 


The  original  plat  of  the  town  of  Kellogg  was  filed 
with  the  auditor  of  Shoshone  county  July  7,  1893.  At 
that  period  the  streets  were  Silver,  Mill,  Market,  Port- 
land, First,  Main,  Fifth  and  the  Mullan  road.  To  Mr. 
Robert  Horn  we  are  indebted  for  the  following  facts 
concerning  the  early  history  of  Kellogg : 

In  September,  "1885,  Robert  and  Jonathan  Ingalls 
located  the  flat  below  Wardner  as  a  ranch  four  days 
after  discovery  of  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sulllivan  mine. 
These  men  were  deeply  impressed  with  the  conviction 
that  the  district  was  destined  to  increase  in  importance 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  in  January,  1886,  they  laid  out  the  town  of  Milo, 
named  after  Milo  creek,  along  whose  banks  it  was  lo- 
cated. Of  the  original  town  site  there  were  eight 
owners, — Robert  Horn,  Jonathan  Ingalls,  John  M. 
Burke,  Alfred  Brile,  Thomas  Hanley,  John  A.  Martin, 
Jr.,  Charles  Sinclair  and  Jacob  Goetz ("Dutch  Jake"), 
the  latter  at  present  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Cceur 
d'Alene  Theater,  Spokane,  Washington.  The  entire 
ranch,  comprising  160  acres,  was  divided  into  town 
lots.  Within  the  year  following  the  name  "Milo"  was 
exchanged  for  that  of  Kellogg,  in  honor  of  N.  S.  Kel- 
logg, discoverer  of  the  Bunker  Hill 'mine.  At  one 
period  the  town  entered  the  contest  for  county  seat  dis- 
tinction, but  was  defeated  by  Murray  which,  in  turn, 
lost  to  Wallace.  The  pioneer  business  man  of  Milo 
was  Morris  Prager,  who  brought  in  the  first  stock  of 
general  merchandise  in  May,  1886.  During  the  fall  of 
1885  Messrs.  Horn  &  Sinclair  began  work  on  a  hotel 
which  was  completed  the  following  spring.  At  pres- 
ent it  is  the  oldest  building  in  the  gulch  and  is  occupied 
by  the  Fair  store.  Other  pioneer  business  men  were 
George  McGinnis,  John  Polly,  W.  W.  Calder  and  Ed- 
ward Wilson.  The  political  trend  of  thought  among 
citizens  of  Kellog  is  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  of  the 
ninety-two  votes  polled  in  1886,  eighty-eight  of  them 
were  Republican.  In  the  summer  of  1886  a  school 
house  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $800.  Miss  Nettie 
Buck,  niece  of  Judge  Buck,  was  the  first  teacher  em- 
loyecl.  In  the  establishment  of  the  school  Mr.  Horn 
was  an  important  factor,  being  at  that  period  acting  in 
the  capacity  of  town  site  agent. 

Kellogg,  as  delineated  .by  Mr.  Horn,  has  always 
enjoyed  the  reputation  of  a  moral  town,  the  first  law 
passed  by  the  authorities  prohibiting  a  "red  light  dis- 
trict;" and  which  has  since  never  been  permitted  to 
be  established.  Rev.  J.  B.  Orr,  Congregational  min- 
ister at  Wallace,  preaches  at  Kellogg  on  alternate  Sun- 
days. 

In  1901  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  mining  com- 
pany donated  to  the  town  of  Kellogg  one  of  the  finest 
brick  school  houses  in  the  state,  costing  $8,000.  At 
present  the  enrollment  of  the  district,  No.  9,  is  107 
boys  and  96  girls ;  the  total  average  attendance  166.5. 
Four  teachers  are  employed,  Alice  Tarkington,  James 
W.  Hodge,  S.  Annette  Bowman  and  Minnie  C.  Mur- 
phy. In  1886  the  townsite  company  gave  the  Oregon 
Railway  &  Navigation  Company  fifteen  acres  of  land 
for  sidetrack  purposes,  and  secured  the  road.  The 
first  train  steamed  into  Kellogg  in  1888. 


If  not  the  oldest,  Burke  is  certainly  one  of  the  old- 
est mining  towns  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  is 
regarded  as  one  of  the  most  important  camps  in  the 
district.  Of  the  more  prominent  mines  Burke  is  the 
home  of  the  Hecla,  Tiger-Poorman  and  Hercules,  the 
latter  being  one  of  the  most  prominent  of  recent  min- 
eral discoveries.  There  are,  in  the  immediate  vicin- 
ity of  Burke,  aside  from  these  great  producers,  pros- 
pect properties  like  the  Sonora,  Hummingbird,  Burke, 
Anchor,  Ajax,  Oom  Paul,  Echo,  Trade  Dollar,  Oreans 


and  others,  all  in  various  stages .  of  development  and 
many  of  which,  it  is  safe  to  assume,  are  destined  to 
show  rich  values.  Burke  is  located  on  Canyon  creek, 
seven  miles  from  Wallace,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  both  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  O.  R.  &  N.  rail- 
roads. 

The  organization  of  the  town  of  Burke  dates  from 
June  13,  1885,  when  at  a  meeting  of  Canyon  Creek  mi- 
ners, out  of  thirty  votes  cast,  twenty-nine  were  polled 
for  the  name  of  "Burke."  The  odd"  vote  was  cast  for 
"Onealville."  James  Brady  and  Dan  Martin  were  ap- 
pointed to  wait  upon  Mr.  ]'.  M.  Burke  and  inform  him 
of  the  action  of  the  meeting.  Thereafter  Mr.  Burke 
appeared  at  the  meeting,  thanked  those  present  for  the 
honor  conferred  upon  him,  and  extended  courtesies  of 
a  more  substantial  character  to  the  miners.  At  that 
period  the  town  consisted  of  twelve  habitations,  includ- 
ing tents,  and  one  store  under  the  management  of  Ben- 
jamin Stringham.  Of  the  new  town  the  Wallace  Press, 
of  January,  1888,  said :  "The  town  of  Burke  has  two 
mines  in  operation,  one  concentrator  (Tiger,)  seven- 
teen saloons,  four  general  stores,  one  beer  hall,  two 
boarding  houses,  two  hardware  stores,  one  fruit  and 
confectionery  store,  one  butcher  shop,  one  livery  sta- 
ble, one  lawyer,  one  physician,  one.  furniture  store,  one 
baker's  shop,  about  800  inhabitants,  a  large  visiting  ele- 
ment, the  Canyon  Creek  railroad  and  not  a  hotel  in 
town.  There  are  two  lots  only  that  are  suitable  for 
hotel  purposes,  and  these  may  be  purchased  in  the  fu- 
ture. From  three  to  five  carloads  of  ore  are  being  ship- 
ped daily." 

In  1888  Burke  could  boast  of"3oo  buildings.     One 
year  previous  the  town  had  but  twenty.     In  1888  the 
South  Fork  Lead  &  Silver  Company  constructed  a  con- 
centrator under  the  supervision  of  Otto  Abeling.     The 
Burke  fire  company  was  organized  July  16,  1888,  with 
twenty-two  members  and  the  following  officers :     J.  C. 
House,  chief;  George  Hardest)-,  treasurer;  George  H. 
Green,  secretary  ;  J.  K.  Waite,  foreman  ;  J.  Davis,  assis-  I 
tant  foreman.     The  same  year  the  Granite  mine  com-  j 
pany  constructed  a  concentrator,  and  a  branch  county  I 
jail  was  erected,  18x30  feet  in  size,  built  of  wood  and  j 
iron.     Quoting  from  the  Murray  Sun,  of  May  17,  1887:  j 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Canyon  creek, 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  Tiger  mine,  Sunday,  May  15,  at  I 
which  R.  M.  Dryden  presided,  and  G.  V.  Byrnet  act-  I 
eel  as  secretary,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  lay  out  | 
a  town  site,  make  rules,  etc.     The  chair  named  Jesse  ? 
Tabor,    Tames    Brady,    Michael   Therriault,   Theodore 
Jacoby  and  G.  V.  Byrnet.     On  Monday  evening  the 
meeting  reconvened  at  McDonald's  saloon.     They  re-  ' 
ported  substantially  as  follows,  which  report  was  adopt-  . 
c-d  :     That  the  town  be  known  as  Burke ;  that  our  main 
street   be   named    Flidden,   one   cross    street   O'NeH,  I 
one  south  side  street.  Brady;  that  lots  be  50x125  feet 
in   size;   that   each    lot  must  be   recorded   within  ten 
days   from   date  of   location,  and  a  substantial   fence 
built  around  it,  which  shall  hold  good  for  sixty  days 
pending   substantial   improvements;   that   all   disputes 
shall  be  settled  by  a  citizens'  committee  of  five  ;  fliat 
the  recording  fee  be  $2 ;  that  50  cents  shall  be  col-  •• 
lected  from  each  lot  owner  to  defray  the  expense  of 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


surveying  the  town-site ;  that  no  person  can  take  more 
than  one  lot  of  fifty  feet  front,  and  that  no  location 
can  be  made  by  proxy,  except  with  the  single  pro- 
vision that  those  who  were  absent  and  had  cabins 
completed,  or  nearly  so,  were  entitled  to  this  privi- 
lege. 

At  this  same  meeting  the  Lelande  Mining  District 
was  organized  and  G.  V.  Byrnet  was  recommended 

I  for  the  position  of  deputy  mineral  recorder.  The 
same  year  Burke  enjoyed  the  "unique  distinction  of 
being  the  only  mining  town  known  that  ever  se- 
cured a  railroad  before  it  had  a  wagon  road.  This 
year  a  school  district  was  allotted  to  Burke,  with 
William  Graham,  R.  M.  Dryden  and  Dr.  J.  C.  House 
as  trustees.  The  town  was  progressing  rapidly  and 
several  hundred  men  were  at  work  in  the  mines.  The 
department  grants  a  postoffice,  insisting  on  calling 
it  Bayard,  and  appointing  R.  H.  Kello  postmaster. 
Subsequently  a  vigorous  protest  is  entered  against 
this  name  and  it  is  changed  to  Burke. 

Thursday  evening,  May  17,  1888,  a  number  of 
public-spirited  citizens  assembled  and  organized  the 
Burke  Water  Power  Company,  placing  the  capital 
stock  at  $2,000,  divided  into  shares  of  $5  each.  S. 
S.  Glidden  was  selected  as  president,  William  W. 
Hart,  vice-president;  P.  O.  Weber,  second  vice-pres- 
ident; G.  V.  Byrnet,  secretary,  and  William  Graham, 
treasurer.  The  pipe  was  furnished  by  J.  R.  Marks 
&  Co.,  of  Murray. 

Early  Monday  morning,  September  14,  1896, 
Burke  was  visited  by  a  disastrous  fire,  entailing  loss 
of  life  and  destruction  of -the  Tiger-Poorman  Hotel. 
While  the  night  cook  was  at  work  at  the  range  a 
quantity  of  grease  ignited  and  the  room  was  soon 
enveloped  in  flames.  Donaldson,  the  'cook,  ran  up- 
stairs, giving  the  alarm  to  the  sleepers  as  rapidly  as 

I  possible,  who  rushed  forth  in  their  night  clothes, 
leaping  from  windows  and  dropping  from  the  porch 
to  save  their  lives.  Annie  Johnson,  an  employe  of 
the  hotel,  fell  twenty  feet  to  the  ground,  receiving 
a  bad  shaking  up,  but  was  not  otherwise  injured. 
William  O'Mera  was  burned  to  death  in  his  room. 
His  gold  watch  was  found  beside  him,  but  the  body 
was  so  badly  charred  as  to  be  unrecognizable,  all  but 
the  thighs  behig  burned  to  a  crisp.  He  was  a  pioneer 

'-  in  the  country,  about  forty  years  of  age,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  and  had  no  relatives  in  this  section.  He 
was  a  member  in  good  standing  in  the  Burke  Miners' 
Union  and  was  buried  by  that  organization  in  Union 
cemetery,  Nine  Mile  gulch.  Others  who  were  in- 
jured were:  W.  P.  Fought,  badly  burned;  E.  L. 
Searles,  three  ribs  broken;  Joseph  Coburn,  W.  P. 
Waterman,  Pat  and  Martin  McHale  and  .Thomas 
Smith.  They  were  taken  to  the  Providence  Hospital, 
Wallace.  The  hotel  was  completely  destroyed.  It 
was  located  thirty  feet  east  of  a  mill,  the  "roof  of 
which  caught  fire,"  and  for  awhile  it  looked  as  if  there 
would  be  entailed  a  loss  of  at  least  $100,000.  The  en- 
tire loss  was  $10.000,  of  which  $5,500  was  covered 
by  insurance. 

Educational  matters  have  from  the  first  engaged 
the  attention  of  the  best  citizens  of  Burke.  The 


school,  which  is  in  District  No.  n,  is  taught  by  Alice 
Fahey,  principal,  and  Miss  Dunham,  assistant.    There  ' 
are  enrolled  fifty-seven  boys  and  forty-four  girls,  and 
the  average  attendance  is   sixty-six  and   four-tenths. 
The  district  supports  a  nine  months'  school. 

GEM. 

Midway  between  the  towns  of  Wallace  and  Burke, 
on  the  same  lines  of  railways  that  connect  the  two 
places,  is  the  mountain  town  of  Gem.     Here  is  lo- 
ited  the  great  Helena-Frisco  mine,  and  its  surround- 
ig  prospects,  many  of  which  are  under  process  ol 
evelopment.     "For  at  least  half  a  century  to  come," 
"eclare  mining  experts,  "Gem  will  maintain  its  stand- 
rd  among  the  prominent  lead  and  silver  camps  of 
ic  Cceur  d'Alenes."    At  present  Gem  is  a  lively,  en- 
irprising  town  which,  although  it  suffered  severely 
uring  the  low  price  of  lead-  and  silver,  has  resumed 
ts   place   among   the   actively   energetic   output   sta- 
ions  of  this  wonderful  mining  district.     The  town 
i  situated  four  miles  below  Burke,  in  the  same  can- 
on, and  from  the  Governor's  report,  in   1889,  it  is 
i(?arned  that  there  were  at  that  period  two  hundred 
people  in  the  vicinity  of  the  new  works  of  the  Gem 
and  San  Francisco  mines.     The  excellent  water  sup- 
ply of  Gem  is  obtained  from  a  spring  in  the  gulch 
north  of  the  town,  the  fall  of  which  is  three  hundred 
feet.     The  school  district,  No.  16,  supports  a  graded 
school  of  one  hundred  and  ninety-four  pupils — Nine- 
ty-four boys  and  one  hundred  girls — and  the  average 
attendance  is  one  hundred  and  twelve.     The  teachers 
are     Mary     E.     Halpin,     principal;     Kathryn     M. 
O'Rourke,  May  McKenzie.     Two  miles  above  Gem, 
toward  Burke,"  is  the  postoffice  of  Mace,  of  which 
Miss  Clara  Hooper  is  postmistress.    This  is  the  home 
of  the  Standard  mine,  and  the  shipping  point  of  its 
valuable  output.     The  town  is  situated  on  the  right- 
of-way  of  the  oNrthern  Pacific  and  O.  R.  &  N.  W.  rail- 
ways,   with   an    immediate    and    surrounding   popula- 
tion of  two  hundred  and  fifty  or  three  hundred  peo- 
ple.    The  hotel   is   conducted   by  •  Charles   McKinnis, 
and  White  &  Bender  and  M.  j.  Flohr  are  proprie- 
tors of  mercantile  establishments  in  the  town.     A  sa- 
loon is  conducted  by  Friedman  &  Company. 

KINGSTON. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  north,  where  it  forms  a 
confluence  with  the  south,  fork  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene 
river,  is  situated  the  town  of  Kingston.  As  early 
as  April  28,  1884,  the  Cceur  d'Alene  Pioneer,  pub- 
lished at  Murray,  said : 

"At  the  present  steamboat  landing  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river  the  new  town  of  Kingston  is  located. 
Wagons  run  along  the  old  Mullan  "road  to  Jackass 
station,  about  nine  miles  distant,  where  the  trail  to 
F.agle  begins.  Kingston  contains  about  two  dozen 
tents  and  the  same  number  of  log  buildings.  The 
Spokane  &  Coeur  d'Alene  Stage  Company  are  run- 
ning a  line  of  wagons  from  Kingston  to  Jackass  sta- 
tion, where  they  connect  with  saddle  trains  for  Eagle 


1046 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


City.  The  trail  is  shoveled  and  graded  through 
eight  feet  of  snow  and  the  stage  company  intends  to 
replace  it  with  a  wagon  road  as  quickly  as  possible." 
From  the  Eagle  of  the  same  year  "we  learn  that 
the  new  town  was  enjoying  "a  tremendous  boom 
consequent  on  the  report  that  it  is  to  be  the  head 

dred  buildings  were  then  erected  and  different  busi- 
ness enterprises  established.  In  July,  1888,  the  atten- 
tion of  the  citizens  was  directed  mainly  to  the  new- 
railroad  then  being  graded  through  the  town.  Kings- 
ton is  located  on  the  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific, 
about  one-half  mile  south  of  the  O.,  R.  &  N.,  the  lat- 
ter road  being  at  present  the  only  line  in  operation, 
high  water  having  forced  the  abandonment  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  The  school  report  of  Kingston, 
District  No.  5,  is  as  follows:  Number  of  boys  en- 
rolled, fourteen ;  girls,  thirteen ;  total,  twenty-seven. 
There  are  eight  months'  school,  taught  by  Edwin 
Smith.  The  average  attendance  is  twenty. 


Weippe  is  the  trading  point  of  the  prairie  and  re- 
gion which  bears  that  name  in  the  southern  portion 
of  Shoshone  county.  The  town-site  is  on  the  north- 
ern end  of  the  prairie,  on  Ford's  creek.  R.  J.  Ander- 
son owns  a  general  store,  which,  though  not  on  the 
town-site,  is  really  a  portion  of  the  town;  Welling- 
ton Landon,  the  pioneer  settler,  conducts  a  small  es- 
tablishment, in  which  he  dispenses  refreshments  of 
various  kinds  to  the  weary  traveler;  Frank  Gaffney 
has  a  small  general  store;  John  Tory  a  blacksmith 
shop,  and  W.  W.  Gardner  conducts  the  Weippe  Hotel 
and  livery  barn,  and  also  the  postoffice.  In  1895  a 
comfortable  little  schoolhouse  was  erected  by  the  dis- 
trict, and  here  school  is  maintained  for  six  months 
during  the  year.  At  the  present  time  there  are 
eighteen  pupils  under  the  instruction  of  Miss  Coontz. 
R.  J.  Anderson's  saw  mill  is  near  the  town  of 
Weippe,  a  plant  having  a  capacity  of  about  16,000  feet 
of  lumber  a  day,  and  employing  many  men.  Three  and 
a  half  miles  west  of  towfi  a  smaller  mill  is  operated  by 
the  Barry  Brothers.  Tributary  to  Weippe  is  a  prosper- 
ous, stock-raising  and  farming  community,  and  the 
prospect  that  the  town  will  increase  materially  in  the 
future  is  flattering.  It  would  seem  that  development 
of  the  vast  timber  resources  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Weippe  would  alone  prove  an  incentive  to  the  growth 
of  a  town  of  respectable  size. 


Delta  is  situated  on  Beaver,  at  the  mouth  of  Trail, 
creek.  There  is  only  a  semblance  of  the  old  placer 
center  now  left.  The  Mascot  Gold  Mining  Company 
has  acquired  the  ground  upon  which  the  town  stood, 
and  is  at  present  engaged  in  removing  buildings, 
fences,  etc.  At  one  period  Delta  had  1,000  inhab- 
itants, and  was  a  formidable  rival  of  Murray,  but 
with  the  decline  of  placer  industry  in  the  North  Fork 
country  it  steadily  fell  off  until  there  were  left  only  a 


handful  of  the  former  population.  Two  years  ago  the 
dredge  company  entered  <the  field  and  acquired  the 
claims  upon  which  the  town  is  located.  Aside  from 
dredge  work  there  is  little  to  maintain  a  town  at  this 
point.  Individual  prospectors  and  miners  go  either 
to  Murray  or  Wallace  for  supplies.  The  mining  com- 
pany, however,  has  set  aside  a  small  tract  of  land  just 
above  the  old  town,  and  on  this  ground  the  few  busi- 
ness buildings  needed  in  the  future  will  be  built.  Al- 
ready Thomas  Shustef,  an  '83  pioneer,  has  erected 
a  coinmodious  and  comfortable  hotel  on  the  new  site 
and  other  business  men  contemplate  a  revival  of 
building.  Should  future  conditions  demand  a  large 
town  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  ground  can  lie 
secured.  Mrs.  Emma  McNall  is  Delta's  postmistress, 
and  she,  with  her  husband,  also  conducts  a  small 


Another  of  the  North  Fork's  old  placer  towns  is 
Thiard,  formerly  Myrtle,  although  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  few  residences  and  one  business  house,  noth- 
ing of  importance  remains  of  a  once  lively  and  bus- 
tling mining  camp.  In  1885-6  the  population  of 
"Myrtle"  was  close  to  a  thousand  people,  and  there 
was  more  gold  dust  handled  at  that  point  than  in  any 
other  place  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  The  town  was 
named  after  the  daughter  of  one  of  the  locators  of 
the  Myrtle  claims.  Several  years  ago  the  postoffice 
was  abandoned,  but  subsequently  re-established.  The 
name  Myrtle  had  been  taken  by  another  town  in  the 
state,  however,  so  the  place  was  christened  Thiard, 
in  honor  of  one  of  its  pioneers.  It  is  situated  on 
Trail  creek,  one  mile  east  of  Delta.  By  numerous 
individual  miners  there  are  a  number  of  claims  still 
being  worked,  and  with  reasonable  success.  George 
Woods  is  the  postmaster,  merchant  and  landlord. 


Another  thriving  reservation  town,  situated  on  the 
Clearwater  Short  Line  Railway,  in  southern  Shoshone 
county,  is  Greer.  It  is  the  first  station  below  Kamiah 
and  the  first  above  Orofino,  four  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  Jim  Ford's  creek.  The  site  is  similar  to  that 
of  Stites  in  that  it  is  on  a  narrow  strip  of  land  in  the 
bed  of  Clearwater  canyon,  which  at  this  point  is  pre- 
cipitous and  narrow.  Greer  is  the  gateway  to  southern 
Shoshone  county;  practically  all  shipping  is  done 
from  here;  here  is  situated  the  old  Greer  ferry,  con- 
necting the  town  with  Nez  Perces  prairie.  Two 
excellent  wagon  roads  climb  the  sides  of  the  canyon 
at  this  point,  neither  road  having  a  grade  averaging 
over  10  per  cent.  The  road  into  the  Weippe  and 
Pierce  City  regions  is  an  old  one,  but  the  one  going 
to  the  prairie  was  constructed  by  John  Greer,  aided  by 
a  few  settlers,  in  1890. 

The  settlement  at  this  point  of  the  river  dates 
back  to  1861,  when  Colonel  William  Craig  and  Jacob 
Schultz  built  a  ferry  "here  to  accommodate  travel  to 
the  Oro  Fino  mines.  The  Witts,  Caleb  and  his  son 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1047 


James,  conducted  the  ferry  for  a  time;  then  Schultz 
took  over  the  property  and  operated  it  until  1870.  He 
was  followed  by  John  D.  Reed,  who  acted  as  ferry- 
man for  four  years,  after  which  D.  W.  C.  Dunwell 
purchased  the  property.  The  ferry  was  destroyed  at 
the  time  of  the  Nez  Perces  Indian  war.  John  Greer 
and  John  Molloy  acquired  possession  of  the  historic 
ferry  in  the  fall  of  1877,  Mr.  Greer  subsequently  pur- 
chasing Molloy's  interest.  He  is  now  sole  owner.  The 
boat  is  first  class  and  is  well  maintained  by  its  owner, 
who  is  as  well  known  in  central  Idaho  as  any  other 
man  in  the  region. 

When  the  railroad  came  up  the  Clearwater  in 
1899  Air.  Greer  formed  a  partnership  with  John 
Dunn  and  platted  a  town-site  on  the  north  forty  acres 
of  the  former's  homestead.  Seventeen  acres  addi- 
tional were  subsequently  platted,  making  the  aggre- 
gate size  of  the  town-site  fifty-seven  acres.  To  the 
railroad  company  a  right-of-way  fifty  feet  in  width 
was  donated,  together  with  a  tract  of  land  1,000x250 
feet,  the  latter  being  for  yard  purposes.  The  com- 
pany has  rewarded  this  generous  action  by  building 
an  extensive  system  of  sidetracks  at  this  point  and  a 
commodious  depot.  Usually  a  new  town's  pioneer  en- 
terprise is  a  store;  a  blacksmith  shop  led  the  van  in 
Greer.  William  Varner  and  John  Bush  built  such  a 
shop  on  the  town-site  in  the  spring  of  1889.  John 
Gamble  ran  up  a  livery  stable ;  in  October  came  E.  T. 
Lensegraff,  John  and  Albert  Carlson,  and  they  opened 
a  general  store  under  the  firm  name  of  Carlson  Broth- 
ers &  Company.  Albert  Carlson  and  Mr.  Lensegraff 
still  conduct  the  business.  The  succeeding  general 
mercantile  store  was  that  of  the  Clearwater  Mercan- 
tile Company,  composed  of  Edward  Crosson  and  Duke 
Robbins,  who  came  to  Greer  in  the  spring  of  1900. 
Later  the  business  was  purchased  by  Means  &  Bell, 
and  subsequently  the  Noble  Brothers  secured  the 
property. 

This  same  spring  William  Davis  erected  a  store  in 
Greer  which  he  sold  to  Erb  Brothers  in  1902.  The 
first  hotel  was  called  the  Montana  House,  and  was  con- 
ducted in  a  portion  of  Carlson  Brothers  &  Company's 
store  building  by  R.  W.  Tanner.  This  hostelry  was 
established  in  the  fall  of  1899.  Mr.  Tanner  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1900  by  Carlson  Brothers  &  Company,  and 

>  they  in  turn  by  W.  P.  Wilson.  Two  years  ago  the 
latter  built  a  new  hotel  building  across  the  street  from 

:  the  old  one,  and  subsequently  sold  it  to  J.  I.  Coontz, 
the  present  proprietor.  Such  is  a  condensed  history 
of  the  beginning  of  Greer. 

In  1902  John  Greer  presented  to  the  school  dis- 
trict a  site  for  a  suitable  edifice,  and  a  small  structure 

k  was  at  once  erected  on  the  ground.  The  first  term 
was  taught  by  Miss  Cora  Fabrique.  Miss  Lulu  Pal- 


merton  is  the  present  school  mistress  and  has  under 
her  instruction  fifteen  pupils.  A  nine  months'  school 
term  is  maintained.  As  yet  there  are  no  churches  in 
the  town,  though  this  step  of  progress  will,  doubtless, 
shortly  be  taken  by  the  community.  Two  large  ware- 
houses are  required  to  handle  the  grain  which  is 
shipped  annually  from  Greer,  that  of  the  Vollmer 
Clearwater  Company,  of  Lewiston,  and  Kerr,  Gifford 
&  Company,  of  Portland.  From  M.  B.  Erb,  manager 
of  the  former  warehouse,  which  handles  approxi- 
mately three-fifths  of  the  business,  it  was  learned  that 
his  house  bought  nearly  $40,000  worth  of  grain  last 
season.  This  firm  purchased  5,554  sacks  of  wheat, 
12,271  sacks  of  flax,  4,387  sacks  of  oats  and  4,459 
sacks  of  barley,  practically 'all  of  which  came  from 
\Nez  Perces  prairie. 

At  present  Greer  is  an  unincorporated  village,  con- 
taining only  about  one  hundred  people,  but  it  is  stead- 
ily growing  and  will,  doubtless,  continue  to  grow  for 
several  years,  as  the  country  tributary  fully  warrants 
a  much  larger  trading  point  on  the  river.  The  size 
and  importance  of  the  Pierce  City  mining  district  also 
favor  Greer  to  a  great  extent.  Nearly  all  the  traffic 
to  that  region  passes  through  the  town.  The  Pierce 
C'ity  Stage  Company  operates  a  six-times-a-week  con- 
veyance between  Greer  and  Pierce  City,  the  line  be- 
ing conducted  by  Samuel  Elben.  A  summary  of  the 
business  houses  and  professional  men  of  Greer  closes 
this  article: 

General  stores— Carlson  &  Lensegraff,  Erb 
Brothers,  Noble  Brothers.  Hotel — J.  I.  Coontz.  Drug 
store — Harry  M.  Richardson.  Livery  barn — Charles 
Stenzil.  Blacksmith  shop— William  Varner,  John 
Greer.  Cigars,  confectionery,  etc. — E.  Howard  Dul- 
magc.  Barber — Joseph  Bradley.  Postmaster — Pat- 
rick Keane.  Northern  Pacific  station  agent — T-  S. 
Hall. 

AHSAHKA. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  north  fork  of  the  Clearwater 
is  situated  the  little  trading  town  of  Ahsahka.  This 
peculiarly  named  hamlet  was  called  into  existence  by 
the  building  of  the  railroad  through  the  canyon,  which 
widens  out  into  a  miniature  valley  at  this  point,  and 
the  erection  of  McLean  Brothers'  saw  mill  near  the 
junction  of  the  two  streams.  This  saw  mill  has  a 
capacity  of  20,000  feet  a  day,  requiring  the  assistance 
of  many  men  around  the  mi'll,  on  the  river  and  in  the 
woods.'  All  tillable  land  is  owned  by  Indians,  and 
Ahsahka  possesses  one  of  the  five  Indian  churches  on 
the  reservation.  A.  M.  Pierce  &  Son  opened  a  store 
here  in  1899,  which  is  at  present  owned  and  conducted 
by  T.  Y.  Cox.  Mrs.  Cox  acts  as  postmistress  and 
Frank  Surprise  conducts  a  hotel. 


CHAPTER    VI 


DESCRIPTIVE. 


Shoshone  county  is  one  of  the  important  divisions 
of  what  is  colloqnally  known  as  the  "Panhandle"  of 
Idaho.  From  Montana  it  is  separated  by  its  eastern 
boundary,  the  Bitter  Root,  and  their  northerly  ex- 
tending spurs,  the  far-famed  Cceur  d'Alene  moun- 
tains. These,  with  Shoshone  county's  southern  boun- 
dary, the  Lolo  fork,  and  a  line  northward  from  the 
Clearwater,  near  the  Seventh  Standard  parallel,  to  a 
point  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Lake  Pend 
Oreille,  inclose,  in  an  area  of  4,400  square  miles, 
one  of  the  richest  mineral  producing  sections  of  the 
United  States.  The  census  of  1900  gives  the  county 
a  population  of  11,950. 

As  Shoshone  is  the  oldest  county  in  the  state, 
created  December  21,  1861,  so,  too,  it  is  the  richest 
in  mineral  wealth.  ]ts  history,  comparatively  recent, 
when  considered  in  connection  with  those  of  other 
states,  and  which  is  treated  in  extenso  in  another  chap- 
ter of  this  work,  is  punctuated  with  surprising  and  un- 
expected discoveries,  mineral  strikes  under  abnormal 
conditions,  acute  and  sensational  crises  in  industrial 
circles,  but  always  steadily  progressive  and  constantly 
developing  new  and  valuable  resources. 

The  general  contour  of  Shoshone  county,  from  the 
Lolo  fork  to  its  northern  limits,  is  a  succession  of 
mountain  ranges,  from  two  to  eight  thousand  feet  in 
height,  seared  and  seamed  with  canyons  and  gulches, 
through  which  wind  and  twist  in  innumerable  convo- 
lutions sparkling  streams  of  the  purest  water,  alive 
•  with  salmon  and  trout  and  affording  the  one  indis- 
pensable requisite  to  profitable  mining.  The  fauna  is 
represented  by  elk,  bear,  deer,  moose  and  mountain 
sheep.  Grouse,  pheasants  and  ptarmigan  are  abund- 
ant, and  the  rrtore  ambitious  hunter  may  seek,  not  un- 
successfully, the  cougar,  lynx  and  bob-cat.  It  is  still 
a  wide  field  for  the  prospector  and  the  many  rumors 
of  lost  mines,  abandoned  ledges,  yet  rich  with  fabu- 
lous indications,  are  never-failing  incentives  held  be- 
fore the  eyes  of  enthusiastic  explorers. 

When  more  amply  developed  the  lumber  interests 
of  Shoshone  county  will  constitute  a  source  of  great 
wealth.  A  dense  growth  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  hemlock 
and  spruce  timber  lines  the  banks  of  rivers  and  creeks 
and  spreads  over  the  flanks  of  the  mountains.  Con- 
tiguous to  the  south  branch  of  the  Clearwater  lie 


expensive  reaches  of  agricultural  and  grazing  lands, 
not  thickly  settled  even  at  the  present  day,  but  which 
in  the  future  are  destined  to  become  the  comfortable 
homes  of  thousands.  Since  1860  placer  mining  on 
Oro  Fino  creek  has  been  prosecuted  with  varying  suc- 
cess, but  activity  in  the  later  methods  of  quartz  mining 
is  constantly  increasing. 

Climatic  conditions  in  Shoshone  county  are,  prob- 
ably, more  varied  than  in  any  other  locality  in  the 
state.  Light  winters  prevail  along  the  Clearwater 
river,  snow  never  being  sufficient  to  warrant  the  pur- 
chase of  hand-sleds  or  sleighs.  To  the  north  and  east 
one  experiences  sharp  fluctuations  in  climate,  varying 
with  the  distance  traveled  and  altitude  gained.  Ten 
miles  from  the  Clearwater  river  there  is  an  abundance 
of  snow  in  the  winter  months,  and  residents  enjoy  ex- 
cellent sleighing,  while  a  distance  of  thirty  or  forty 
miles  insures  sleighing  from  December  until  March, 
and  through  the  months  of  January  and  February  se- 
vere cold  weather  prevails,  averaging  from  fifteen  to 
twenty  degrees  below  zero.  Throughout  the  northern 
and  eastern  portions  of  the  county  the  winter  season 
is  not  so  severe  as  it  is  on  the  same  latitude  east  of 
the  Rocky  mountains.  Quoting  from  the  North  Idaho 
Home  Finder,  published  at  Orofino:  "The  summer 
nights  are  comfortably  cool,  no  mosquitoes,  and  a 
shady  spot  is  pleasant  and  agreeable  in  warm  weather. 
There  are  no  cyclones  in  Shoshone  county  and  a  sun- 
stroke has  never  been  known.  Stock,  such  as  cattle, 
sheep,  horses,  hogs  and  mules,  feed  on  the  river 
ranges  the  year  round,  and  are  found  in  good  condi- 
tion every  month  in  the  year." 

The  United  States  Geological  Survey  of  1900  gives 
the  various  altitudes  of  Shoshone  county  as  follows: 

Osbtirn.  2,521  feet;  Summit  (two-mile  divide), 
4,081  feet;  Beaver  Station,  2,785  feet;  Delta,  2,517 
feet;  Murray  Summit,  3,321  feet;  Littlefield,  2,930 
feet ;  Raven,  3,060  feet ;  Sullivan,  3,477  feet ;  Summit 
(between  Idaho  and  M.),  4,862  feet;  Wallace,  2,728 
feet;  Gem,  3,197  feet;  Burke,  3,736  feet;  Glidden 
Pass  (Bitter  Root),  5,768  feet;  Dobson  Pass  (county 
road),  4,174  feet. 

Writing  upon  the  conditions  and  possibilities  of 
the  Cceur  d'Alenes  in  1891,  Mr.  H.  W.  Ross  said: 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


>f  the  n 

and  al' 

such  things 


As  to  the  permanency  of  the  productiveness 

are  largely  a  matter  of  personal  judgment,  and  correct  ci 

The  dynamic  Lre™  thaV  disttibut«Hhe  mineral  weaW^of  ! 

earth  seem  to  have  acted  in  few  places  the  same  way.  Char- 
acteristic features  that  are  significant  of  much  in  one  place 
have  little  significance  in  another.  In 

characteristic  features  of  the  principal  mining  camps  of  the 
continent  regarded  the  geological  structures  and  dispositions 
of  ores  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  with  doubt  and  unfavorable 
opinions.  Miners  who  believed  that  they  had  seen  all  th< 
conditions  peculiar  to  veins  and  ore,  and  entertained  the  ide; 
that  some  of  thtse  conditions  were  essential  to  profitable 
mines,  were  not  the  ones  who  undertook  the  developmei 

not  hampered  by  experience  elsewhere,  or  with  fixed  opii 
that  any  particular  features  were  essential  to  mines,  e: 
ore,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  these  men  have  not  only  been 
successful  in  an  ordinary  way,  but  beyond  their  most  sanguine 
expectations. 

The  best  judgment  on  undeveloped  prospects  is  liable  to 
err,  but  as  developments  proceed  the  predominating  tendency 

portion  of  the  earth  is  usually  by  the  same  agency  and  the 
same  characteristics  prevail  throughout.  In  this  respect  the 

were,  indeed,  meagre,  and  without  many  of  those  conditions 
indicating  productiveness  of  ore,  and  the  predominating 
tendencies  are  the  expansion  of  ore  bodies  and  productiveness 
of  ore,  as  explorations  are  directed  downward.  There  have 

velopmentof  the  district's  mines,  and  it  is  well  worthy  of 
going  on  record.  The  peculiar  geological  structure  covers 

prevail  throughout.  It  is  evident  that  these  ores  are  not 
incidental  to  any  other  feature,  but  that  they  are  permanent 
and  fixed  features  of  the  geological  structure,  and  that  they 
will  continue  to  produce  to  a  depth  as  far  as  modern  mining 
appliances  will  extract  it. 

Geologically  speaking,  the  formation  is  closely  bedded 
schists  of  the  same  general  character,  occasionally  grading 
into  quartzite,  and  in  places  alternating  with  slate.  At  one 
place  in  the  midst  of  the  district  a  granite  dome  seems  to 
have  protruded  through  the  bedded  rocks,  but  no  other 
eruptive  rocks  appear  in  the  district.  The  lines  of  strike  of 
these  stratified  rocks  are  nearly  due  east  and  west  and  tilted 
up  to  angles  varying  from  forty-five  degrees  from  the  horizon 


arly 


The  r 


rali/: 


throughout  the  district  is  a  subject  of  considerabli 
versy,  some  contending  that  the  ores  are  contained  in  filled 
fissures,  or  veins  interposed  between  beds  of  schistose  rocks, 
while  others  argue  that  but  few,  or  none,  of  the  mines  are 
veins  at  all,  but  simply  mineralized  country  rocks,  especially 
at  Wardner,  where  the  ore-bearing  ground  is  of  such  unusual 
width  as  to  almost  preclude  any  idea  of  a  vein  in  the  usual 
sense.  The  mineralized  rock  is  identical  with  the  country 
formation  on  cither  side,  and  entirely  conformable  to  the  dip 
and  strike  of  the  stratification. 

The  theory  is  that  the  minerals  were  deposited  and  held 
in  solution  in  a  gaseous  form  at  the  same  period  as  the  sedi- 
mentary beds,  and  that  the  metamorphosis  of  the  sedimentary 

temporaneous,  and  by  the  same  agency,  and  that  throughout 
subsequent  disturbance  in  mountain  making  and  the  tilting 
up  of  these  metamorphine  beds  the  ore  and  rocks  retained  their 

but  a  mineralized  zone  'of  indefinite  width.      Evidence  in  sup- 


clean  galena  within  the  same  plane  of  stratification,  and  that 
these  planes  are  conformable  to  the  dip  and  strike  of  the 

be  500  feet  wide  in  places,  and  extends  from  the  Miners'  De- 
light, near  the  Sullivan,  to  the  Tyler,  nearly  one  mile  in  length. 
Near  the  Sullivan  two  parallel  claims  are  located  upon  the 


zone,  each  of  them  with  large  outcrops  of  ore.      It  is  also 
well  demonstrated  by  underground  explorations,  through  the 

To  the  admiration-compelling  beauties  of  the  nat- 
ural scenery  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  no  pen  of  the  his- 
torian can  do  adequate  justice.  Innumerable  points 
of  interest  are  found  by  the  traveler  through  the  moun- 
tains, be  he  prospector,  pleasure-seeker  or  emigre. 
Temporary  hardships  incidental  to  such  an  enterprise 
are  rewarded  many  fold  by  awesome  sublimities,  or 
quiet,  sequestered  landscapes,  tinted  by  the  unrivaled 
brush  of  nature.  The  old  Mullan  road  winds  through 
the  most  attractive  portions  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes. 
This  is  a  government  highway,  originally  constructed 
for  the  purpose  of  providing  transportation  facilities 
between  Fort  Walla  Walla  and  Fort  Benton,  previous 
to  the  advent  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  For 
many  years  it  was  a  trail  for  whites  and  Indians  alike, 
and  even  now  it  is  utilized  by  the  Flatheads  in  their 
annual  incursions  through  the  Bitter  Root  mountains 

Included  in  the  list  of  minerals  found  in  Shoshone 
county  are:  Gold,  in  placers  and  quartz;  tellurium; 
native,  crystalized,  wire  and  flaked  silver;  copper,  sul- 
phide, arsenical  and  corbonate;  antimony,  sulphide; 
magnesia,  associated  with  iron;  zinc  blende;  spathic 
iron,  iron  pyrites,  arsenical  iron;  silver-bearing  grey 
copper;  lead  in  the  following  forms — galena  or  sul- 
phide, anglesite,  cerussite,  pyromorphite,  platnerite — 
magnesium  ;  granite  ;  talc  :  slate  ;  quartz  ;  quartzite. 

"Platnerite,  one  of  the  minerals  named,  is  rare,  hav- 
ing been  found  in  but  few  places  in  the  United  States. 
In  Shoshone  county  there  are  two  mines  from  which 
platnerite  has  been  taken  in  limited  quantities.  These 
mines  are  the  You  Like,  at  Mullan,  and  the  Mammoth/ 
at  Burke.  In  1891  men  commissioned  by  the  Smith- 
;onian  Institute,  Washington,  D.  C.,  came  to  Mullan 
ind  obtained  specimens  of  this  rare  mineral  deposit. 
The  lead  crystals  found  in  Shoshone  county  are  gen- 
'ly  associated  with  wire  silver,  and  the  following 
es  have  produced  some  beautiful  specimens  of  this 
ore:  Custer,  Sierra  Nevada,  Last  Chance  and  Mam- 

f  pyromorphite,  and  a  number  of  rare  crystals  were 
obtained  from  the  Mammoth.    The  upper  workings  of 
the  Frisco  contained  beautiful  specimens  of  cerussite, 
:t  duplicates  of  some  found  in  Bavaria.    The  Nellie 
mine  is  noted  for  spathic  iron  and  antimonial  copper. 
From  the  towns  of  Murray  and  Pierce  have  been  se- 
ired  handsome  specimens  in  the  forms  of  nuggets 
id  gold  quartz.    Zinc  blende  is  found  associated  with 
galena,  and,  as  a  rule,  is  easily  eliminated  by  concen- 
tration.    In  the  North  Fork  country  is  an  excellent 
grade  of  copper,  while  along  Pine  creek  is  found  a  fine 
quality  of  antimony. 

Wherever  mill  "tailings,"  or  "concretes,"  impreg- 
nate water  flowing  through  producing  land,  the  latter 
is.  reduced  to  a  worthless  condition.  This  is  the  condi- 
tion of  the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  from 
Mullan  westward.  The  stream  is,  also,  rendered 
poisonous  to  cattle  and  other  species  of  stock.  In  con- 
lence  of  this  a  number  of  lawsuits  have  been  insti- 


1050 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


tuted  against  various  mining  companies.  For  the  pur- 
pose of  obviating  this  incalculable  damage,  work  has 
recently  been  begun  on  what  is  to  be,  eventually,  a  large 
dam  across  the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene,  at  the 
mouth  of  Pine  creek,  seven  miles  below  Wardner.  It 
is  anticipated  that  by  this  means  the  massive  affair  will 
retain  all  the  "tailings"  which  at  present  flow  down 
the  river  and  into  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene,  for  the  suc- 
ceeding ten  or  fifteen  years.  The  work  is  the  joint 
enterprise  of  various  mining  companies  along  the 
stream.  It  is  sincerely  hoped  that  this  costly  dam  will 
be  the  means  of  preventing  the  destruction  of  property 
in  the  future.  The  "tailings"  contain  values  of  two 
dollars  a  ton,  and  it  is  thought  that  the  enormous  pile 
of  "low  grade  ores"  may  be  worked  to  advantage  when 
more  delicate  machinery  is  invented  to  treat  it. 

Canyon  and  Nine  Mile  creeks,  converging  at  Wal- 
lace, and  debouching  into  the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river,  are  wonderful  regions  when  one  con- 
siders the  range  of  their  possibilities,  together  with 
the  amount  of  development  and  industrial  activity  al- 
ready in  progress.  In  the  main  the  hanging  walls  of 
Canyon  creek  are  more  silicious  than  the  foot-walls, 
the  fissures  cutting  through  the  country  rock  about 
north,  •  sixty-five  degrees,  west,  and  varying  in  dip 
from  vertical  to  eighty  degrees  to  the  north,  or  south, 
cutting  the  bedding  planes  on  trend  and  dip.  Belts  of 
quartzite  and  slate  cut  through  this  district.  Granite 
dykes  cut  through  in  the  vicinity  of  Gem. 

On  Nine  Mile  creek  the  geological  formation  is 
mainly  slate  for  the  first  few  miles.  The  Granite  mine 
is  in  the  quartzite.  belt,  between  two  granite  dykes, 
the  only  one  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  Well-defined 
veins  attain  a  depth  of  about  1,000  feet;  tunnel  mines 
and  fissure  veins,  the  same  trend  and  dip  as  in  Canyon 
creek,  and  the  prevailing  ore  is  the  same.  The  mining 
district  in  the  vicinity  of  Mullan  is  nearly  identical, 
geologically,  with  that  of  Canyon  creek.  All  sedi- 
mentary rock  in  the  Wardner  district  is  plain  quartz- 
ite (sandstone  changed  by  heat  and  pressure).  The 
foot-wall  is  stratified  quartzite;  the  hanging  wall  a 
blocky  and  more  sandy  quartzite.  The  limits  of  the 
zone  are  indicated,  mainly,  by  "petering  out,"  and  de- 
crease of  dynamic  action  which  formed  the  original 
zone  in  which  the  ore  was  deposited.  The  float-wall, 
or  master  fissure,  trends  north,  fifty  degrees,  west, 
and  dips  from  thirty-five  to  forty-five  degrees  south- 
west. There  are  continuous  ore  bodies,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  intervals,  for  half  a  mile  along  the  length 
of  the  vein,  in  which  there  are  two  series  of  ore  shoots, 
hanging  and  foot-ore  bodies.  Toward  the  extreme 
west  of  the  Wardner  belt  the  master  fissure  strikes 
into,  and  becomes  merged  with,  slate  contact.  The 
width  of  the  ore  body  varies  from  six  or  eight  to  sev- 
enty feet. 

Picturesque  north  Shoshone  county  is  not,  as  yet, 
a  vacation  Mecca  for  the  annual  tourist.  What  the 
Adriondacks  were  to  the  Knickerbocker  settlers  of 
Manhattan  a  century  ago;  what  the  Yellowstone  Park 
and  Yosemite  Valley  were  to  the  average  business 
man  of  the  middle  west  five  decades  ago,  the  region 
of  the  north  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  is,  today, 


to  almost  the  entire  world.  Writing  in  his  paper,  the 
Murray  Sun,  Editor  Adam  Aulbach  says  of  this  erst- 
while terra  incognita : 

"The  North  Fork  river  region,  although  it  has 
been  penetrated  by  sportsmen  and  trappers  for  the  past 
fifteen  years,  is  still  an  unknown  country — a  sealed 
book.  Even  prospectors  have  very  seldom  ventured 
into  the  region.  *  *  *  *  To  a  person  prepared 
with  heavily  nailed  shoes,  not  high  or  low  gum  boots, 
the  wading  in  the  limpil  stream,  above  its  confluence 
with  Prichard  creek,  is  not  disagreeable.  The  bed  is 
rocky,  mostly  round  boulders,  and  very  slippery.  The 
water,  in  what  are  termed  pools,  is  seldom  three  feet 
in  depth ;  the  most  that  is  waded  in  is  not  over  eight- 
een inches,  and  so  clear  that  every  pebble  may  be  seen. 
There  are  frequent  pools  of  considerable  depth  in 
which  the  forest  and  sky  are  perpetually  mirrored.  In 
fact  the  entire  distance  we  traveled  was  a  successio 
of  long,  shallow  rapids,  with  projecting  rocks  and 
boulders,  against  which  the  water  dashes  in  everlast- 
ing glee,  and  long  pools  as  smooth  as  glass  that  form 
minature  lakes  in  their  wonderful  beauty.  With  ma- 
jestic sweep  the  river  courses  along  between  low  banks 
and  high,  rugged  bluffs,  never  less  than  one  hundred 
feet  wide,  but  mainly  one  hundred  and  fifty.  With  two 
exceptions  the  valley,  to  the  mouth  of  Big  creek,  is 
narrow,  walled  in  on  either  side  by  crooked  moun- 
tain ranges,  unexplored  b£  man.  There  is  fine  timber 
everywhere,  from  the  water's  edge  to  the  mountain's 
crest.  On  the  bottom  lands  are  large  cedars,  many  of 
them  measuring  thirty  feet  in  circumference  near  the 
ground.  There  is  a  lovely  flat  at  what  is  known  as 
Qiicago  Crossing,  extending  half  a  mile  back.  There  ; 
is  another  at  the  mouth  of  Big  creek,  but  densely  cov- 
ered with  timber.  It  is  a  glorious  stream,  and  a  true 
sportsman's  paradise." 

The  north  fork  of  Clearwater  river  constitutes  the 
northern  boundary  of  what  is  termed  southern  She 
shone  county.    Between  that  river  and  the  Lolo  Fork,  - 
the  latter  the  extreme  southern  boundary  of  the  coun-   3 
ty,  is  a  vast  tract  of  mountainous,  heavily  timbered   j 
country,  interspersed  with  meadows  whose  abundant 
resources  have  as  yet  hardly  been  primarily  developed.  I 
A  portion  of  the   Bitter   Root   forest   reserve  lies   in    ; 
,  Shoshone  county,  north  of  the  Lolo  Fork  and  east  of  j 
Pierce  City.     Within  and  without  the  boundaries  of  j 
this  reserve  are  billions  of  feet  of  the  finest  timber  in  j 
the  northwest,  white,  yellow  and  black  pine,  white  and 
red  fir,  cedar,  spruce  and  tamarack.     And  lying  be-  j 
neath  these  forests  is  a  vast  mineralized  region,  carry-  1 
ing  gold,  silver,  lead,  iron,  copper  and  coal,  the  sur-  j 
face  of  which  has  barely  been  scarred  by  the  pick  of  I 
the  miner.    Here,  too,  may  be  found  some  of  the  finest   ', 
hay  and  grain  land  in  the  state,  and  grazing  lands  for  j 
thousands  of  head  of  stock.    While  it  is  a  country  of  j 
varied  and  magnificent  resources  they  are,  as  yet,  but  i 
feebly  comprehended  by  the  less  than  2,060  inhabitants 
within  the  limits  of  southern  Shoshone  county.     The 
most  ordinary  foresight  can  anticipate  the  day  when   I 
these   broad,   cavernous    canyons   will    ring   with   the  $ 
stroke  of  the  lumberman's  axe  and  the  continuous  hum 
of    sawmills;    a    time    when    the    sparkling,    dashing, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


mountain  torrents,  now  the  habitat  of  gamey  trout, 
will  be  utilized  to  spin  the  wheels  of  industry;  when 
the,  as  yet,  undeveloped  meadow  lands  will  respond 
generously  to  the  efforts  of  the  farmer,  and  the  richly 
timbered  lands  shall  have  been  transformed  into  grain 
and  stock  farms;  when  stamp  mills  and  hydraulic 
plants  will  be  robbing  this  earth  of  its  mineral  for 
transformation  into  the  metal  of  commerce — the  cur- 
rency of  the  world. 

Actual  sight  lends  forceful  inspiration  to  a  descrip- 
tion. And  it  was  this  truism  that  led  the  writer  to 
make  a  reconnoisance  into  this  southern  portion  of 
Shoshone  county.  This  was  in  April  last.  It  was  a 
period  when  the  earth  was  still  snowbound,  not  the 
most  propitious  season  in  which  to  "spy  out"  any  land, 
and  one  could  hardly  hope  to  view  this  goodly  country 
at  its  best.  Still,  even  this  invasion  was  fruitful  of  grati- 
fying results.  Ascent  to  the  high  table  land  lying  east 
of  Clearwatcr  river  was  made  from  Greer  over  an  ex- 
cellent grade,  between  three  and  four  miles  long.  On 
reaching  the  summit  an  inspiring  scene  was  presented. 
Fifteen  hundred  feet  below  wound  the  Clearwater,  a 
silken  ribbon  between  precipitous  caayon  walls.  Scat- 
tered along  its  banks  were  a  few  habitations,  gardens 
and  grain  fields,  and  at  one  point  a  narrow  line  of 
huddled  frame  buildings*  through  which  ran  two 
gleaming  lines  of  metal — the  village  of  Greer  and  its 
railroad  track.  From  above  the  snow-line  one  could 
gaze  on  the  lower  altitudes,  clothed  in  garb  of  brightest 
green,  prophetic  of  summer's  appearance,  and  the 
charm  of  the  picture  was  further  enhanced  by  the  sight 
of  butter-cups,  violets  and  other  floral  offerings  of 
spring,  in  bloom  along  the  road  to  the  summit.  Far 
across  the  long,  serpentine  canyon  could  be  seen  the 
rolling  prairies  of  Nez  Perces  county,  and  the  heavy 
growth  of  timber  lying  north  of  them.  In  the  greater 
distance  Craig's  mountain  reared  its  snow-crowned 
peak  above  the  grand  undulating  prairies  at  its  feet, 
and  still  farther  to  the  west  and  south  a  broken,  jagged, 
white  sky-line  marked  the  location  of  the  Salmon  riv- 
er and  Seven  Devils  ranges  of  mountains,  the  nearest 
of  which  was  sixty  miles  distant.  East  of  this  view 
point  the  landscape  sweeps  away  in  long,  rolling  swells, 
parks  and  meadows  alternating. 

To  the  eastward  is  the  Fraser  country,  so  named 
after  the  postoffice  established  in  that  section.  Mag- 
nificent groves  of  yellow  pine  cast  shadows  across  the 
rich,  black  loam  upon  which  they  thrive  in  stately 
beauty.  As  one  continues  along  the  road  numerous 
dwellings  of  pioneers  fall  into  view,  accentuated  occa- 
sionally by  improved  farms,  and  not  infrequently  hid- 
eous fields  of  stumps ;  rough,  but  eloquent  testimony  of 
a  partially  developed  ranch.  Included  in  the  Fraser 
country  is  a  strip  of  land  about  five  miles  in  width, 
lying  along  the  north  side  of  Lolo  creek  for  a  distance 
of  twelve  miles  from  its  mouth.  Here  the  chief  indus- 
try is  stock-raising,  although  considerable  wheat  and 
other  cereals  are  cultivated.  The  rolling  hills  in  this 
vicinity  are  densely  timbered  and  sparsely  populated. 
Crossing  a  rather  swampy  stretch  of  country,  tamarack 
being  the  predominating  timber,  at  the  end  of  a  four- 
teen mile  ride,  the  beautiful  Weippe  prairie  bursts 


upon  the  view.  This,  too,  is  a  region  of  alternating 
forest  and  meadow,  although  what  is  recognized  is 
Weippe  prairie  proper,  lies  in  the  form  of  a  circle 
fringed  with  forest.  The  prairie  is  a  level  meadow, 
perhaps  two  miles  in  diameter,  and  through  it  sinu- 
ously winds  Jim  Ford's  creek.  Here  have  been  held, 
in  earlier  days,  innumerable  Indian  councils,  and  for 
years  it  was  their  favorite  camping  ground.  In  sum- 
mer time  this  historic  place  was  frequented  by  the  Nez 
Perces.  They  erected  hundreds  of  lodges,  fished  and 

game  resorts,  smoked  the  pipe  of  peace  or  tripped  the 
hideous  measures  of  the  war  dance.  Reluctantly  the 
swart  Indian  yielded  this  spot  of  beauty  to  the  invad- 
ing white  man.  He  called  it  the  "Weippe,"  signify- 
ing a  place  of  tepees,  or  "wickiups,"  a  camping  and  a 
council  ground.  And  by  the  name  of  Weippe  prairie 
has  it  ever  since  been  known. 

But  the  Pierce  City  mines  were  discovered.  By 
thousands  the  whites  passed  through  the  Weippe, 
driving  before  them  the  Indians,  although  for  several 
years  subsequently  the  red  man  continued  to  haunt  its 
preceincts  arid  hold  therein  annual  encampments.  In 
the  latter  'seventies  permanent  settlers  succeeded  stock- 
men, and  thereafter  population  continued  to  increase 
in  a  gratifying  ratio  until  now  it  is  all  under  cultiva- 
tion and  improved,  with  comfortable  farm  houses  and 
ample  barns,  corrals  and  granaries. 

During  the  vear  1884  the  government  surveyed  a 
large  portion  of  the  country  lying  between  the  Lolo 
and  Clearwater,  and  the  official  opening  of  this  terri- 
tory was  immediately  followed  by  an  army  of  settlers. 
Four  years  later,  in  1888,  a  town  was  laid  out  on  the 
northern  border  of  the  prairie,  and  named  Weippe. 
Approximate  size  of  the  portion  which  is  thickly  set- 
tled is  about  twenty-five  square  miles,  although,  as  be- 
fore mentioned,  the  main  Weippe  prairie  is  not  more 
than  half  that  size.  An  estimate  of  the  producing  ca- 
pacity of  the  land,  furnished  by  farmers  in  that  section, 
accords  timothy  hay  the  first  place,  which  averages 
three  tons  to  the  acre.  Oats  yield  fifty,  barley  between 
eighty  and  ninety  bushels  per  acre,  while  vegetables 
and  the  hardy  fruits  are  raised  in  large  quantities.  The 
soil,  a  black,  vegetable  loam,  lies  about  three  feet 
deep,  upon  a  strata  of  clay,  and  which  is  considered 
an  excellent  hardpan  for  the  conservation  of  moisture. 
The  average  altitude  of  this  section,  as  given  by  Wel- 
lington Landon,  pioneer  settler  and  owner  of  the  town- 
site  of  Weippe,  is,  approximately,  3,000  feet.  Two 
sawmills,  perennially  industrious,  cut  an  excellent 
quality  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  tamarack  and  less  important 
woods.  Bands  of  cattle  are  not  large,  ranging  from 
ten  to  fifty  head,  but  for  this  number  excellent  feed  is 
still  found.  Jim  Ford's  creek  is  named  after  a  pio- 
neer wood  dealer  of  Lewiston.  Ford  came  up  the 
Clearwater  to  this  stream,  where  he  cut  logs,  floated 
them  down  the  river  to  Lewiston  and  converted  them 
into  stove  wood.  Ford's  creek  is  a  broad,  swift  stream 
and  a  populous  haunt  of  the  finny  tribe  during  the 

this  is,  at  present,   utilized   to 
miles  below  Weippe  prairie  the 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


graceful  waterfall  whose  murmur  may  easily  be  heard, 
on  a  clear  day,  so  far  away  as  Weippe.  The  creek, 
after  leaving  the  prairie,  enters  a  canyon  through 
which  it  flows  to  the  Clearwater,  debouching  into  that 
stream  four  miles  above  Oro  Fino. 

After  leaving  Weippe  prairie  the  road  passes  over 
small  ridges  and  up  several  streams,  lined  with  pret- 
ty meadows,  until  a  low  mountain  divide,  separating 
Oro  Fino  creek  from  Ford's  creek,  is  reached.  This 
is  at  a  point  about  five  miles  west  of  Pierce  City.  Here 
one  enters  a  portion  of  the  far-famed  white  pine  belt 
of  northern  and  central  Idaho,  and  a  magnificent  piece 
of  timber  it  is.  This  timber  is  of  the  finest  grade  and 
improves  in  quality  and  size  as  the  Bitter  Root  summit 
is  approached.  The  Weyerhauser  syndicate's  hold- 
ings, amounting  to  nearly  100,000  acres  of  white  pine, 
lie  adjacent  to  Pierce  City.  During  the  past  two  years 
practically  every  valuable  quarter  section  has  been  ap- 
propriated by  scrip  filings,  and  under  the  stone  and 
timber  act.  Last  season  hundreds  went  into  this  dis- 
trict and  many  are  still  searching  for  unoccupied  tracts. 
This  timber  will  run  from  1,500,000  to  4,000,000  feet 
to  the  quarter  section.  As  clear  pine  lumber  now  sells 
at  not  less  than  $30  per  thousand  feet  at  the  railroad, 

belt  may  be  gained.  The  entire  district  is  traversed 
by  streams,  many  of  them  large  enough  for  logging 
purposes.  Still,  the  main  timber  bodies  are  destined 
to  be  tapped  by  railroads  in  the  future.  From  the 
summit  of  the  divide,  west  of  Pierce  City,  may  be 
gained  a  fair  idea  of  the  country  farther  inland.  With 
the  exception  of  meadows  on  the  creeks  a  vast  forest 
covers  every  foot  of  the  region.  From  the  crest  of 
French  mountain,  a  high  divide  separating  Oro  Fino 
from  Oro  Grande,  creek,  the  summits  of  this  most 
rugged  and  wildest  of  Idaho  mountain  chains  can  be 
seen.  The  altitude  of  the  low  divide  west  of  Pierce 
City  is,  approximately,  4,000,  while  that  of  French 
mountain  must  be,  at  least,  6,000  feet.  Pierce  City  is 
3..ooo  feet  above  the  sea  level. 

It  is  claimed  by  residents,  and  indisputable  evi- 
dence has  borne  out  the  claim,  that  the  meadows  along 
the  creeks  of  this  region  produce  the  finest  qualities 
of  hay,  grain  and  fruit.  Frank  Carle,  owner  of  a  por- 
tion of  the  townsite  of  Pierce  City,  has  harvested  forty 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre,  and  cuts  annually  three 
tons  of  timothy  to  the  acre.  Oro  Fino,  Lolo  and 
Ford's  creeks  are  the  largest  streams  in  this  section, 
their  waters  flowing  into  the  Clearwater.  The  Lolo 
heads  at  the  summit  of  the  Bitter  Root  range;  the 
Oro  Fino  and  Ford's  creeks,  about  forty  miles  in 
length,  head  further  down  the  slope.  All  flow  west- 
ward, the  Oro  Fino  being  the  most  northerly.  North 
of  Oro  Fino  creek  a  high  divide  separates  the  water- 
shed of  that  stream  from  the  north  fork  of  the  Clear- 
water,  the  largest  branch  of  this  famous  river.  From 
its  headwaters  this  stream  flows,  or  rather  leaps, 
through  narrow,  densely  timbered  canyons,  and  hun- 
dreds of  smaller  branches  gush  forth  from  precipitous 
mountain  sides  to  the  very  summit  of  the  Bitter  Root 
range,  contributing  their  crystal  waters  to  the  forma- 
tion of  the  mighty  torrent 'below.  Its  most  easterly 


feeders  have  never  been  thoroughly  explored.  Brave 
is  the  man  and  skillful  should  be  his  woodcraft,  if  he 
aims  to  penetrate  the  broken  wilds,  among  which  are 
the  hidden  sources  of  the  north  fork.  It  is  a  primeval 
region,  haunted  by  moose,  elk,  bears,  cougars,  deer 
and  other  wild  game,  a  region  of  impassable  canyons, 
stifling  forests  and  hoary  mountain  peaks. 

Along  the  eastern  canyon  of  the  Clearwater  the  coun- 
try is,  for  the  most  part,  considerably  broken  and  tim- 
bered, mainly  with  yellow  pine,  for  a  distance  of  eight 
or  ten  miles  back,  after  which  an  increasing  amount  of 
white  pine  is  found.  Practically  the  canyon  bottoms  is 
all  under  cultivation,  and  every  tillable  spot  on  the  can- 
yon's side  has  been  eagerly  appropriated  by  the  home- 
seeker.  West  of  the  town  of  Orofino  there  are  many 
fine  farms,  the  character  of  the  country  being  similar 
to  that  of  the  Fraser  district,  already  described.  The 
principal  industry  is  stock-raising.  Six  miles  west  of 
Orofino  is  the  postoffice  and  settlement  of  Blake,  at 
which  there  are  a  store  and  postoffice  combined,  con- 
trolled by  Edwin  Blake.  Four  years  ago,  on  land 
owned  by  Isaac  Gregg,  a  comfortable  school  house 
was  erected.  At  present  it  is  attended  by  nineteen 
pupils,  who  are  instructed  by  Chester  W.  Groves.  A 
petition  has  been  presented  to  the  commissionrs  of 
Shoshone  county  asking  for  an  appropriation  of 
$i,ooo  for  the  purpose  of  opening  a  trail  on  the  north 
fork,  from  Ahsahka  to  Big  Island,  a  distance  of  fifty 
miles.  To  this  fund  it  is  expected  that  many  private 
subscriptions  will  be  added,  and  the  trail  immediately 
constructed.  This  will  afford  an  outlet  to  a  large  sec- 
tion of  grazing  country  and  several  promising  mining 
districts. 

The  foregoing  description  of  Shoshone  county, 
cursory  though  it  be  in  many  respects,  outlines  the 
chief  characteristics  of  the  northern  and  southern  por- 
tions of  this  minor  political  division  of  Idaho's  "Pan- 
handle." In  directing  attention  to  a  section  whose 
principal  source  of  wealth  lies  in  its  mineral  deposits, 
it  follows  as  a  corrolary,  that  the  description  would 
be  incomplete  and  unsatisfactory  devoid  of  a  general 
review  of  its 

MINES   AND    MINING. 

Commenting  upon  the  important  problem  of  prac- 
tical mining  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  Mr.  W.  H.  Ross 
says : 

"The  natural  facilities  offer  exceptional  opportuni- 
ties for  economical  mining.  In  most  places  the  angle 
of  the  hills  rises  abruptly  from  the  gulches,  affording 
opportunities  for  deep  .explorations  by  tunnels.  The 
ore,  as  taken  from  the  mines,  is  not  in  marketable  con- 
dition, but  requires  concentration.  This  is  done  by  a 
very  complete  but  inexpensive  process  of  crushing, 
screening  and  "jigging."  So  cheap  is  the  process  of 
assorting  and  dressing  the  ore  that  but  little  care  is 
taken  in  mining  it.  The  ground  is  worked  in  large 
breasts  and  stopes,  and  everything  that  contains  ore 
is  put  through  the  mill.  In  some  places  large  bodies 
of  clear  galena  are  found,  and  this  is  sacked  and 
shipped  direct  from  the  mine,  but  the  bulk  of  the  val- 
ues occurs  in  greater  or  less  quantities  of  galena,  des- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1053 


seminatecl  through  a  large  extent  of  rock.  These  mills 
are  ingenious  and  practical  contrivances,  being  almost 
automatic.  Large  quantities  of  water  are  used  in 
dressing  the  ore,  and  the  mills  may  be  said  to  be  only 
huge  washing  machines.  The  product  of  the  mills  is 
called  "concentrates,"  and  has  a  value  of  about  thirty 
ounces  oi  silver  and  sixty  per  cent,  lead  per  ton." 

Through  the  northern  portion  of  the  county,  from 

Railroad  &  Navigation  Company's  Idaho  extension, 
situated  on  the  western  boundary  of  Shoshone  county, 
to  the  Bitter  Root  mountains,  on  the  east,  extends  what 
is  known  as  the  silver-lead  belt,  development  of  which 
is  still  in  its  infancy.  This  El  Doradian  territory  lies 
between  the  north  and  south  forks  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river,  whose  confluence  is  at  Ena,  near  the 
western  boundary  of  the  county.  Aside  from  this  vast 
reach  of  untold  ore  values  there  are  two  distinct  "gold 
belts ;"  one  north  of  the  south  fork,  and  the  other,  the 
"Pierce  City  belt,"  or  "Pierce  District  belt,"  in  the 
southern  portion  of  the  county.  The  important  posi- 
tion of  Shoshone  county  in  the  mineral  group  of  our 
national  industries  may' be  satisfactorily  estimated  by 
the  fact  that  its  output  of  lead  amounts  to  nearly  one- 
half  of  all  the  lead  mined  in  the  United  States.  The 
following  table,  showing  the  amounts  and  value  of  out- 
put of  Coeur  d'Alene  silver-lead  mines  for  1902,  while 
not  official,  is  said  by  the  most  prominent  mining  men 
in  the  district  to  be,  approximately,  correct : 


17,054.50  SU93.H15.00  HX6.f«4  *  127,080.3:!  SI, 621, 495.32 

12.W9.50        891,765.00  891.765      428,047.20  1,319,812.20 

11.000.00        770,000.00500,000      -'40.000.00  1,010.000.00 

7,514.88        526.041.00  922.951       W3.016.48  969,057.48 


Tieer-Poorman 

Silver  King 

Hercules 

Hunter 

California  Consolida 


192.19* 


03.556.00  5,527, 132  S2.635.578. 96*8.339, 134.9 


To  these  may  be  added  the  outputs  of  the  Crown 
Point,  $1,006,047.50:  the  Golden  Chest,  in  the  Murray 
gold  belt,  $100,000,  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  placers, 
$65,000.  In  pure  lead  and  silver  the  output  for  1902 
.was  87,709  tons  of  lead  and  5,512,289  ounces  of  silver. 
The  latter  figures,  obtained  from  resident  officers  of 
the  companies,  may  be  considered  accurate. 

Within  the  confines  of  Shoshone  county  the  authen- 
tic original  discovery  of  mineral  was  made  in  Eleverton 
gulch,  near  Osburn,  in  1878,  by  Andrew  J.  Prichard. 
The  Shoshone  county  records,  however,  established  the 
fact  that,  as  early  as,  November  15,  1865,  F.  D. 
Schnebly  and  eleven  others,  filed  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion of  the  Mountain  Chief  Gold  and  Silver  Mining 
Company.  These  properties  were  located  near  Mis- 
sion. They  may,  and  may  not,  have  been  in  Shoshone 
county,  but  it  is  quite  certain  they  were  either  within  its 
territory  or  contiguous  to  it.  In  early  territorial  days 
Shoshone  was  the  only  organized  county  in  north  Ida- 
ho. Naturally  this  mining  company  would  seek  legal 


acknowledgement  of  their  claim  at  the  nearest  available 
point.  Still,  it  is  certain  that  for  fourteen  years  there- 
after nothing  resulted  from  the  alleged  location  of 
these  rather  mythical  mines.  On  the  wings  of  rumor 
flew  the  wildest  reports  all  over  the  northwest,  invari- 
ably centering  at  some  point  near  Mission,  but  noth- 
ing was  developed ;  nothing  tangible  resulted,  and  the 
locators  appeared  to  be  fully  as  elusive  as  the  crew 
of  the  Flying  Dutchman.  Not  until  1883  did  mining 
operatives  enter  upon  their  hegira  from  California  and 
Montana  to  Eagle  City,  Shoshone  county,  where  the 
Mother  Lode  was  exposed  and  where,  at  one  period, 
5.000  people  swarmed  and  toiled;  were  fired  by  hope 
and  sobered  by  despair. 

Of  the  heaviest  mineral  producing  localities  in  this 
country,  undoubtedly  Canyon  creek,  debouching  into 
the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene,  at  Wallace,  leads 
all  the  rest.  At  the  mouth  of  this  stream  is  located  the 
Standard  mill,  which  treats  all  ore  from  the  Standard 
mine,  five  miles  up  the  creek.  A  railway  between  the 
mine  and  mill  transports  about  550  tons  of  ore  a  day, 
the  product  of  which  concentrates  in  the  neighborhood 
of  2,200  tons  a  month.  Farther  up  Canyon  creek  are 
the  Formosa  mine  and  mill,  located  within  one  mile 
of  Gem.  Next  is  the  Granite,  and  then  the  Gem  mill, 
and  as  one  continues  his  explorations  of  the  upper 
waters  of  this  wonderful  stream  he  encounters  the 
Mammoth,  the  Frisco  mine  and  mill,  the  Black  Bear 
and,  at  Burke,  the  Tiger-Poorman  concentrator.  Can- 
yon creek  was  the  original  location  in  the  Silver-Lead 
belt  of  Shoshone  county,  and  it  has  been  a  most  lib- 
eral producer  since  1887.  Today  the  deeper  levels  are 
more  generous  than  were  the  leads  nearer  the  surface. 
Identical  conditions  exist  in  the  Helena  &  Frisco  mine, 
a  property  in  the  same  canyon,  now  down  a  vertical 
depth  of  more  than  2,000  feet.  It  remains  for  the 
most  conservative  deep  mining  expert  to  foretell  the 
future  of  these  Midian  properties,  and  he,  too,  shall . 
lay  himself  open  to  the  charge  of  extravagance. 

The  Nine  Mile  district,  deriving  its  name  from 
Nine  Mile  creek,  extends  in  nearly  a  northerly  direc- 
tion from  Wallace,  the  stream  joining  the  south  fork 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river  at  the  depot  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railway  Company.  The  most  important  group 
of  mines  and  concentrators  in  this  district  are  the 
properties  of  the  Black  Cloud  Company.  Aside  from 
these  there  are  the  Custer,  Tamarack  &  Chester,  Cow- 
an, Blue  Grouse  and  other  minor  properties.  Today 
the  original  discoveries  are  more  liberal  producers  than 
ever  before  in  their  history  . 

On  May  7,  1885.  Timothy  McCarthy,  Timothy 
Hynes,  Frank  Hanson  and  John  H.  Simmons  located 
the  Standard  group  of  claims,  all  in  the  Canyon  creek 
mining  district,  one  mile  from  Burke.  They  comprise 
the  following  patented  lode  claims :  Standard,  Snow 
Line,  Banner,  Sandwich,  Youngstown,  Sancho.  Par- 
allel, Little  Chap,  Sullivan  Fraction,  Mammoth  Frac- 
tion, portions  of  the  Columbia,  Crown  Point,  Tariff 
and  Tom  Reed  and  the  Union  millsite,  at  Wallace. 
The  capital  stock  of  the  Standard  Mining  Company, 
holding  patents  on  all  these  claims,  is  $500,000,  in 
shares  of  one  dollar  each.  This  stock  is  held,  princi- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


pally,  by  the  Finch  &  Campbell  syndicate,  of  Youngs- 
town,  Ohio,  Milwaukee  and  Chicago.  It  is  officered 
by  Amos  B.  Campbell,  president ;  John  A.  Finch,  sec- 
retary and  treasurer,  and  E.  H.  Moffitt,  Wallace,  Id- 
aho, manager.  In  the  fall  of  1892  pay  ore  was  struck, 
since  which  period  it  has  been  a  reliable  dividend  pay- 
er. This  silver-lead  "proposition,"  assaying  from  ten 
to  fifteen  per  cent,  lead  and  from  twelve  tp  thirty-five 
ounces  in  silver,  is  one  of  the  best  equipped  mines,  and 
from  the  initial  period  of  its  development,  was  under 
the  supervision  of  Archie  McCallum  until  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  E.  H.  Moffitt.  From  the  mine  the  ore  is 
transported  six  miles  to  a  concentrator,  at  Wallace,  the 
capacity  of  which  is  600  tons  of  crude  ore  in  twenty- 
four  hours.  The  original  cost  of  the  property  was 
$38,804.80.  It  has  paid  $3,000^00  in  dividends.'  For- 
mal incorporation  was  made  in  the  spring  of  1892. 
The  initial  tunnel  extended  was  the  Standard,  1,700 
feet;  second.  Banner,  2,000  feet;  third,  Wilson,  800 
feet;  and  the  Campbell,  3,300  feet,  the  latter  being 
now  worked,  the  others  abandoned  or  leased  to  the 
owners  of  the  Mammoth  mine  for  transportation  pur- 
poses. 

At  the  terminus  of  the  Campbell  tunnel  is  a  shaft 
1,050  feet  in  depth.  There  are  levels  at  200,  450,  600, 
800  and  1,000  feet;  three  compartments,  steam  and 
motor  hoists,  6oo-horse-power.  Steam  and  electrical 
pumps  are  employed,  the  company  owning  one  of  the 
latter,  manufactured  by  Allis-Chalmers,  built  in  two 
units,  under  a  i,O5O-foot  lift,  with  a  capacity  of  250 
gallons  a  minute.  This  is  a  "wet"  mine,  requiring  ex- 
pensive pumping  facilities,  one  of  the  pumps  alone 
costing  $15,000.  An  electric  railway  is  provided  with 
two  50-ton  motors,  each  hauling  twenty  cars ;  capacity 
one  and  one-half  tons  each,  the  ore  from  which  is 
transferred  to  railway  cars  and  hauled  to  the  mill  six 
miles  distant.  The  company  employs  260  men  at  the 
mines  and  thirty  at  the  mill.  J.  H.  Neil  is  superintend- 
ent and  A.  D.  Marshall  mine  foreman.  The  average 
capacity  of  the  mill  is  550  tons  crude  ore,  concentrating 
to  fifty-five  or  sixty  per  cent,  lead  and  forty  ounces 
of  silver  to  the  ton.  It  is  a  water  power  mill,  supplied 
by  two  flumes,  one  from  the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene,  and  the  other  from  Canyon  creekj  the  former 
for  wash  and  the  latter  for  pressure.  Every  day  in 
the  year  this  mill  is  in  operation,  with  two,  shifts. 
Concentrates  are  loaded  direct  on  cars  belonging  to  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company. 

Air  is  supplied  at  the  mine  by  two  compressors,  one 
of  the  Ingersoll-Sergeant  patent,  capacity  900  cubic 
feet  per  minute ;  the  other  an  Ingersoll,  of  800  cubic 
feet  capacity,  both  of  them  being  double  machines. 
There  are  two  timber  hoists  in  each  level,  of  ten-horse- 
power each,  using  1,500  lineal  feet  of  stull  timber  per 
day,  principally  red  fir.  Electrical  appliances  have  been 
supplied  by  the  General  Electric  Company  of  Schnec- 
tady,  New  York,  including  a  2,3OO-volt  dynamo,  300 
incandescent  and  six  arc  lights.  The  average  ore  body 
is  a  fifteen-foot  ledge;  one  thousand  feet  the  length 
of  the  stope.  The  total  cost  of  the  mine  plant  was 
$300,000.  The  vein  lies  east  and  west,  with  a  dip  of 
between  sixty-eight  and  seventy  degrees  north.  The 


Campbell  tunnel  was  driven  in  1895.  At  each  level  is 
a  station  twenty  feet  wide^  eighteen  feet  high  and  120 
feet  long. 

The  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  mine,  the  "Pandor; 
Box"   of   the   Coeur   d'Alene   silver-lead   district, 
without  doubt,  the  heaviest  single  producer  hi  Sho- 
shone  county.     About  eighty  claims  are  embraced 
these  properties,   lying   in  the   immediate  vicinity 
Wardner.    At  all  periods  of  the  year  over  500  men  ;_ 
employed,  and  many  miles  of  tunnels  have  been  run 
into  the  heart  of  one  of  the  richest  mines  in  this  dis- 
trict.   The  early  history  of  these  mines  was  condensed 
by  F.  R.  Culbertson,  in  1897,  as  follows: 


In  the  fall  of  1885  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  mi 
were  discovered  at  Wardner.  The  surface  showings  at  the 
discovery  were  so  much  larger  than  anything  that  had  been 
found  up  to  that  time  that  quite  an  excitement  was  created, 
and  numerous  other  valuable  properties  were  located.  Also, 
during  the  early  part  of  1885,  the  Hunter,  Morning  and 
Evening  and  other  properties  were  discovered  at  Mullan. 
The  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  property  was  leased  by  the 
original  locators  to  Jim  Wardner,  after  whom  the  town  o' 
Wardner  was  named.  Through  him  some  Helena,  Montanz 
parties  were  interested  in  the  deal,  and  a  contract  was  enterei 
into  with  the  locators  for  concentrating  50,000  tons  of  ore, 
at  $5  a  ton,  which  at  this  time  would  be  considered  an  < 
travagant  price.  The  first  concentrator  in  the  district  \ 
placed  on  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  mine,  and  was  built  by 
A.  M.  Esler,  in  the  interest  of  the  Helena  parties  having 
the  50,000  ton  contract,  and  was  of  100  tons  capacity.  Before 
the  expiration  of  the  contract  the  property  was  sold  to  Sim 
Reed,  of  Portland,  Oregon,  who  paid  the  different  parties 
interested  in  the  property  at  that  time  about  $625,000,  at  that 
period  considered  an  -extravagant  price.  Two-thirds  of  this 
money  found  its  way  to  Spokane,  Washington,  and  helped  to 
build  up  the  town.  Following  a  long  course  of  litigation,  in- 
stituted for  the  purpose  of  perfecting  the  title  to  the  mine, 

an  aggregate  amount  of  $100,000,  Sim  Reed  worked  the  prop- 

who  are  California  parties,  and  members  of  the  Standard  Oil 
Company.  The  property  is  now  under  the  management  of 
F.  W.  Bradley,  with  head  office  at  San  Francisco,  California, 
and  F.  Burbidge,  of  Wardner,  is  resident  manager.  The 


.  ,  ,  . 

mpany  has  absorbed  all  the  adjacent  claims,  and  now  c 

ols    something  like    forty   or   fifty   locations,   adjoining  and 

connecting,  and  with  the  exception  of  the  Last  Chance  Mining 

' 


, 

Company's  properties,  they  have  about  all  the  desirable  loca- 
tions near  Wardner.  As  a  whole  it  is  probably  the  greatest 
lead  property  in  the  world,  exceeding  that  of  the  Broken 
Hills  mine  in  Australia,  which,  heretofore,  had  been  c- 
ered the  greatest  lead  producer. 

Many  rumors  have  been  current  throughout  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  concerning  the  discovery  of  the  Bunker 
Hill  &  Sullivan  mine.  One  of  the  most  insistently 
urged  is  to  the  effect  that  a  donkey  stumbled  in  the 
snow  and  revealed  the  ledge.  A  quietus  is  put  to  this 
myth  bv  United  States  Senator  W.  B.  Heyburn,  who 
says: 

Many  fables  have  been  told  as  to  the  discovery  of  the 
Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  mines,  and  while  it  is  not  our  inten- 

to  say  that  the  story  of  the  jackass  is  purely  a  myth.  Kellogg, 
the  discoverer  had  been  furnished  with  the  jackass  to  pack 
his  provisions  some  weeks  before  the  discovery  of  the  Bunker 
Hill,  but  the  animal  was  not  with  him  at  the  time,  and  the 
discovery  of  the  Bunker  Hill  was  made  by  him  in  the  ordinary 
process  of  prospecting  and  tracing  the  outcrop  of  the  ledge 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1055 


The  night  before  he  discovered  the  Bunker  Hill  mine 
Mr.  Kellogg  passed  at  the  Polaris  cabin,  and  after  breakfast 
in  the  morning,  assisted  by  Harry  Dennis,  who  was  part 
owner  of  the  Polaris  mine,  set  up  poles  along  the  outcrop  of 
the  ledge  on  that  claim,  and  taking  a  line  from  these  poles 
he  followed  this  outcrop  across  Big  Creek,  Elk  Creek  and  into 
Milo  Gulch,  and  by  so  doing  found  the  outcrop  of  the  Bunker 
Hill  lode,  which  showed  plainly  and  needed  no  uncovering 
by  man  or  animal.  The  jackass  first  came  into  notoriety  in 
the  litigation  of  Cooper  and  Peck,  against  Kellogg,  involving 
a  grub  stake  contest,  and  the  mirth  of  counsel  relative  to  the 
outfit  which  had  been  furnished  him  by  Cooper  and  Peck, 
with  which  to  prospect,  was,  doubtless  the  original  of  the 

manTheseiefact°  are  from  one  who  knows. 

Among  the  more  prominent  mines  on  Canyon  creek 
at  Burke  is  the  Tiger,  first  located  in  1884,  and  which 
has  proved  a  steady  producer  since  1887.  John  Carton 
and  Almedos  Seymour,  the  original  discovers,  bonded 
the  mine  to  John  M.  Burke  and  S.  S.  Glidden  for 
$35,000.  Until  September,  1887,  the  only  material  de- 
velopment in  this  property  was  a  thirty  foot  tunnel. 
During  the  following  winter  some  work  was  carried 
on,  but  owing  to  the  inaccessibility  of  the  mine  but  lit- 
':  tie  was  accomplished.  The  property  was  thoroughly 
examined  in  1885  by  Mr.  Glidden  and  F.  R.  Culbertson, 
and  the  latter  installed  as  manager.  Trails  were  cut 
to  the  Thompson  Falls  road,  and  also  to  Placer  Center, 

•  now  Wallace,  and  supplies  were  packed  into  the  mine 
[   from  the  Mission.    The  result  of  an  eighty-ton  ore  test 

at  a  smelter  proved  satisfactory  and  work  was  prose- 

•  cuted  on,  a  wagon  road  from  Burke  to  the  Thompson- 
|    Murray  road  at  the  Summit  House.    In  1886  a  narrow- 
gauge  railroad  was  extended  to  Wallace  and  Mr.  Glid- 
den organized  the  Canyon  Creek  Railroad  Company  in 
1890.    This  line  was  subsequently  sold  to  Mr.  Corbin. 
He  disposed  of  it  to  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  Com- 
pany by  whom  it  is  now  owned  and  operated. 

In  1887  construction  was  begun  on  the  Tiger  con- 
L  centrator,  and  machinery  shipped  to  Thompson,  from 
'  whence  it  was  hauled  by  wagons  to  Burke.  December 
I  15,  1887,  the  mill  was  completed  and  one  year  later  the 

Coeur  d'Alene  Railway,  now  the  Northern  Pacific,  was 
!  finished  to  Wallace.  In  January,  1888,  the  initial  ship- 
[  men  of  concentrators  was  made. 

Scott  McDonald,  for  himself,  W.  S.  McCune  and 
P  A.  W.  Wertenweiter  located  the  Poorman  mine,  si 

consolidated  with  the  Tiger,  and  known  as  the  Tiger- 
'  Poorman.  one  year  after  the  location  of  the  Tiger. 

Litigation  over  'this  location  subsequently  ensued,  but 

•  was  amicably  adjusted.     The  right  of  the  Tiger  p 
'.    pie  to  the  ground  claimed  as  a  discovery  by  Garten  i 

contested  in  the  courts,  involving  the  best  legal  talent 
available.  This  complication  was  adjusted  by  Patrick 
Clark  and  Simon  Healy  bonding  the  interests  of  the 
litigants,  and  Mr.  Clark  became  manager,  remaining 
'-'  as  such  until  the  consolidation  was  effected,  October 
15,  1895.  The  Poorman  mill  was  constructed  in  1888 
and  ran  continuously  until  destroyed  by  fire,  in  March 
1896.  The  lower  workings  of  the  Tiger-Poorman 
properties  are  far  better  today  than  they  were  near  the 
surface.  The  Tiger  and  Poorman  mines  were  consol- 


idated  under  the  title  of  the  Consolidated  Tiger  &  Poor- 
man  Co.,  capital  $1,000,000  in  one  million  shares, 
half  of  which  are  set  aside  for  the  stockholders  of  the 
Poorman,  and  half  for  S.  S.  Glidden,  present  owner 
the  Tiger.  The  Morning  mine,  west  of  Mullan, 
was  located  in  1884  by  George  Goode.  Following  the 
iperficial  opening  ic  was  bonded  by  Lewis  Martin, 
S.  M.  Franks  and  Charles  Hussey  for  twenty-five 
thousand  dollars,  the  bond  maturing  in  1889.  Later 
it  became  the  property  of  Warren  and  Charles  Hussey. 
Uxmt  one-half  mile  below  Mullan,  on  the  narrow-gauge 
railway  track,  a  concentrator  of  two  hundred  and  fifty 
tons'  capacity  was  built,  ore  being  conveyed  from  the 
mines  by  a  cable  tramway.  Later  in  1890  the  prop- 
erty passed  into  the  hands  of  Receiver  Peter  Porter 
and  was  purchased  by  a  Milwaukee  syndicate.  They 
organized  the  Morning  Mining  &  Mill  Company. 
The  same  year  a  new  concentrator  was  erected  and  a 
railroad  run  to  the  mine.  Two  plans  of  conducting 
this  mine,  one  of  them  co-operative,  failed  financially, 
and  in  1895  the  property  was  leased  and  bonded  from 
the  Morning  Mining  &  Milling  Company  by  Peter 
Larsen,  of  Helena,  Montana,  and  Thomas  L.  Green- 
ough,  of  Missoula,  Montana.  While  being  worked  in 
connection  with  the  You  Like  mine  it  was  destroyed 
by  fire  April  17,  1898.  One  week  afterward  work 
was  commenced  on  the  present  mill,  and  the  concen- 
trator put  in  operation  August  15. 

Originally  the  property  consisted  of  the  Morning, 
Evening,  Silver  King,  Silver  Queen  and  Park  mining 
claims,  to  which  have  been  added  the  Grouse,  Noon- 
day Fraction,  Iron  Crown,  Lauren  J.  Fraction  and 

the  Morning  group.  The  average  assay  of  the  ore, 
a  silver-lead  product,  is  five  per  cent,  lead  and  one 
and  a  half  ounces  silver  to  the  ton ;  the  low  grade  of 
ore  necessitates  handling  and  working  in  large  quanti- 
ties. It  is  mined  by  a  series  of  tunnels,  ten  thousand 
feet  in  length.  These  are  connected  with  a  level  of 
the  railway  by  a  tramway,  the  railway  connecting  the 
mines  with  a  concentrator,  being  two  and  three-quarter 
miles  in  length.  It  is  claimed  that  this  concentrating 
plant  is  the  largest  in  the  northwest,  and  is  supplied 
with  the  latest,  costliest  and  highest  improved  me- 
chanical appliances. 

What  is  known  as  the  Paragon  group,  owned  by 
the  Paragon  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Company,  in- 
corporated, of  which  L.  W.  Stedman  is  superintendent 
and  manager,  consists  of  six  claims  and  one  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  of  land,  viz:  Paragon,  Lavanche, 
Rhea,  Ida,  Bertha  and  Julia,  the  Paragon  having  been 
located  in  1890  by  Charles  Tilden.and  others.  Mr. 
Stedman  located  the  remainder  of  the  claims  from  time 
to  time.  They  were  purchased  for  cash  by  the  com- 
pany in  1899.  At  the  time  the  company  took  over 
the  properties  developments  consisted  of  a  thirty-two 
foot  shaft  and  tunnel.  Mr.  Stedman  continued  the 
shaft  down  several  feet,  in  order  to  secure  the  trend 
of  the  ledge,  and  then  followed  the  tunnel  until  a  depth 
of  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  had  been  attained. 
Thence  was  run  a  cross-cut  which  cut  the  ledge.  The 
mine  was  supplied  with  an  air  shaft  of  three  hundred 


1056 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  thirty-four  feet,  and  also  an  exploration  shaft. 
On  the  old  works  eighteen  hundred  feet  were  com- 
pleted by  Mr.  Stedman.  In  order  to  secure  depth 
a  three-hundred-foot  shaft  is  being  sunk,  on  the  com- 
pletion of  which  it  will  be  necessary  to  cross-cut  a 
hundred  and  forty-five  feet  to  catch  the  ledge.  For 
shaft  purposes  the  company  erected  a  sawmill  and  cut 
their  own  lumber.  The  silver  and  lead  ore  lies  in 
quartzite  and  slate,  the  ledge  running  north  of  west 
and  south  of  east,  and  clips  to  the  south.  The  discovery 
ore  averaged  seventy-eight  per  cent,  lead,  six  ounces  of 
silver  and  a  little  gold  to  the  ton.  At  a  depth  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  feet  the  ore  ran  from  twenty  to  forty 
ounces  of  silver.  The  Paragon  mine  is  located  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  west  of  the  state  line,  in  Shoshone 
county,  at  an  elevation  of  four  thousand  two  hundred 
feet.  It  is  connected  with  the  Thompson  Falls  road  by 
a  private  roadway  one  mile  in  length  constructed  by 
the  company.  The  air  line  distance  from  Burke  is 
six  miles  ;  seven  by  trail.  Of  this  property  the  Murray 
Sun  of  December  7th,  1902,  said : 

The  work  now  being  done,  and  the  extensive  improve- 
ments being  made,  by  the  Paragon  company,  are  the  natural 
result  of  developments  made  by  tunnel  in  the  .east  side  of 
the  mountain.  Here  exploitation  was  carried  on  for  several 
years  under  Manager  Stedman's  directions,  in  a  moderate 
way,  until  finally  it  was  demonstrated  by  a  cross  drift  that 
the  company  had  a  ledge  fifty  feet  wide,  all  but  five  feet 
showing  concentrating  material,  with  here  and  there  streaks 
of  pure  shipping  ore.  The  large  extent  of  the  ledge  was 
so  clearly  proven  that  the  company  immediately  began  ar- 
rangements for  deeper  prospecting  on  a  larger  and  more  far- 
reachine  scale.  Hence  the  present  preparations  for  the  in- 
stallment of  heavy  machinery  fpr  sinking  to  a  greater  depth 
than  obtained  on  the  north  side. 

The  Paragon  company  has  large  holdings  on  Paragon 
gulch,  practically  all  the  ground  along  both  sides,  except  a 
number  of  claims  owned  by  Charles  Manley  and  his  associates, 
and  two  owned  by  Mr.  Peterson,  Charles  W.  Tilden  and  Ole 
Larson,  the  latter  joining  the  Paragon  on  the  west.  An 
extension  of  the  Paragon  on  the  northwest  reaches  the  claim 
of  John  Broderick,  which  unites  the  Beartop  mines  with  the 
Paragon  group.  The  ore  belt  is  no  doubt  the  same,  and 
continues  westward  for  five  miles.  All  the  Paragon  claims 
are  heavily  timbered  and  there  is  ample  water  for  concentrat- 
ing purposes.  The  Paragon  is  an  incorporated  company. 
The  capital  stock  is  two  hundred  thousand  dollars,  divided 
into  two  hundred  thousand  shares.  The  officers  are  citizens 
of  prominence  in  St.  Paul  and  they  have  all  visited  the  camp 
the  past  summer.  Dr.  G.  P.  Sandberg  is  president,  Dr. 
George  S.  Monson.  vice-president,  F.  O.  Hammer,  secretary 
and  treasurer,  N.  W.  Dunn,  attorney,  and  L.  W.  Stedman, 
local  manager. 

The  Mammoth  Alining  Company.  Ltd.,  is  composed 
mainly  of  Coeur  d'Alene,  Portland.  Oregon,  and  Spo- 
kane,'  Washington,  capitalists.  The  mine,  of  which 
Richard  Wilson  is  manager  and  James  McCarthy  as- 
sistant, is  on  Canyon  creek,  near  Mace,  between  six  and 
seven  miles  north  from  Wallace,  the  mill  being  located 
at  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  at  the  latter  place.  The 
Mammoth  mine  is  a  silver-lead  property,  the  principal 
one  of  twelve  claims  and  fractions.  The  working  tun- 
nel is  three  thousand  five  hundred  feet  in  length,  tap- 
ping the  Selkirk,  Combination,  Etta  No.  One,  Etta  No. 
Two,  Fraction,  Tariff  and  Mammoth.  All  the  ore  is  at 
present  taken  from  the  Mammoth,  at  a  depth  of  eighteen 


hundred  feet,  the  daily  output  being  from  .three  hun- 
dred and  fifty  to  four  hundred  tons,  and  employing 
one  hundred  and  seventy-five  men.  At  this  writing 
it  is  a  dry  tunnel  mine,  but  a  shaft  is  contemplated  in 
the  future.  Ore  is  run  by  electric  motors  hauling 
one  and  one-quarter  ton  cars,  and  dumped  into  an  ore 
bin,  from  which  it  is  transported  to  the  mill,  at  Wallace, 
by  the  Oregon  Railroad  &  Navigation  Company's  c 
line.  The  mine  is  provided  with  two  six-drill  ; 
compressors,  a  fifty-horsepower  engine  to  furnish 
power  for  locomotives  and  lights,  and  a  machine  shop 
supplied  with  lathes,  planers,  drills,  press,  pipe-cutting 
and  threading  machines,  etc.  It  is  the  intention  of  the 
company  to  sink  a  shaft  at  the  terminus  of  the  thre 
thousand  five  hundred  foot  tunnel. 

The  mill  at  Wallace  is  driven  by  water  power  sup- 
plied from  Canyon  creek  and  the  south  fork  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  river,  and  produces  eighteen  hundred 
tons  of  concentrates  per  month,  which  are  disposed  of 
to  the  American  Smelting  and  Refining  Company.  The 
mill  was  built  in  1899,  was  nrst  operated  .in  January, 
1900,  and  has  been  in  constant  use  since. 

It  is  provided  with  the  latest  inventions  in  mining 
devices,  and  its  slime  capacity  is  greater  than  that  of 
any  other  mill  in  the  Cceur  d'Alenes.  Its  daily  capac- 
ity is  two  hundred  tons  of  ore.  Work  on  the  structure 
was  begun  in  1897,  previous  to  which  only  crude  ore 
was  shipped  direct  to  the  smelter.  Between  1897  and 
1900  the  company  leased  the  mill  of  the  Milwaukee 
Mining  Company  at  Gem.  The  mine,  originally 
worked  in  1890,  has  been  practically  developed  since 
then. 

The  Hunter  mine,  owned  and  operated  by  the 
Gold-Hunter  Mining  Company,  is  one  and  one-half 
miles  northeast  from  Mullan,  the  concentrating  mill 

The  controlling  majority  of  the  stock  is  owned  by 
Messrs.  Hennessy  and  Keeley.  Among  the  great 
mines  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  it  has  obtained  a 
prominent  standing,  and  its  owners  have  a  good  rea- 
son to  feel  proud  of  their  sagacious  investment  in 
group  of  ore  bodies.  Since  the  initial  period  of  its 
operation  the  Hunter  has  produced  upwards  of  two 
hundred  thousand  tons  of  lead  and  one  million  dollars 
ilver.  Its  net  profits  exceed  five  hundred  thousand 
dollars.  Under  control  of  the  company  are  large  tracts 

jf  mineral  lands,  all  most  favorably  located  and  pat- 

•nted. 

One  of  the  best  dividend-paying  silver-lead  propo- 
sitions in  the  Cceur  d'Alenes  is  the  Empire  State,  lo- 

ited  in  the  Wardrfer  district,  owned  by  the  Empire 
State-Idaho  Company,  which  also  controls  the  Tiger- 
Poorman  at  Burke.  It  is  said  to  be  a  conservative 
estimate  that  these  two  mines,  the  Empire  State  and 
the  Tiger-Poorman,  produced  in  1902  thirty-five  thou- 
sand tons  of  ore,  running  59  per  cent,  lead  and  twenty- 

ix  ounces  of  silver.     In  the  production  of  lead  and 

ilver  ores  the  Empire  State  is  quite  enterprising.  To 
the  careful  and  conscientious  work  of  Charles 
Sweeney,  who  up  to  a  year  ago  was  manager,  is  due 
a  large  share  of  the  success  that  has  attended  this 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


The  Monarch,  owned  by  the  Monarch  Mining 
Company,  Ltd.,  is  located  five  miles  east  of  Murray, 
on  the  south  fork  of  Prichard  creek.  The  product 
is  lead  and  silver  ore,  the  property  being  a  consolida- 
tion of  the  Monarch  and  Barton  groups,  the  new  com- 
pany taking  possession  in  January,  1902.  It  was  lo- 
cated in  the  winter  of  1897-8.  There  are  six  thousand 
feet  of  development  work,  the  mines  being  opened 
principally  by  cross-cut  tunnels  and  drifts.  There  are 
two  veins,  the  Barton  and  the  Monarch.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1902,  the  twelve-drill,  water-power  Leyner  du- 
plex compressor  was  installed.  A  two-thousand- 
eight-hundred-foot  cross-cut  tunnel  is  now  being  run, 
over  eighteen  feet  of  which  are  completed.  It  is  an- 
ticipated that  this  will  open  up  the  Monarch  ore  body 
at  a  depth  of  fourteen  hundred  feet.  As  outlined  by 
Superintendent  E.  P.  Spalding,  the  erection  of  a  con- 
centrator will  follow  the  tapping  of  this  ore. 

The  Hecla  mine,  located  at  Burke,  is  owned  by 
Finch  &  Campbell  and  is  at  present  making  a  steady 
and  successful  record  of  shipments.  The  company 
also  controls,  in  connection  with  the  Hecla,  the  Katie, 
May,  Consolidated  Extension,  Ironsides,  Mascot,  Or- 
phan Girl,  Orphan  Boy,  Oronogo,  Denver,  Leadville, 
Lcadville  Fraction,  Muscatine,  Muscatine  Fraction, 
Burlington,  Croesus,  Star,  Fox,  Rooster,  Hecla  Frac- 
tion, Climax  and  Silver  Knight.  Principal  develop- 
ments are  in  the  Hecla,  Oronogo,  Orphan  Boy  and  Or- 
phan Girl.  The  Hecla  is  provided  with  three  tunnels, 
eight  hundred,  fifteen  hundred  and  twenty-seven  hun- 
dred feet  in  length,  respectively.  The  concentrator, 
situated  at  Gem,  was  erected  in  the  winter  of  1893-4. 
Originally  it  was.  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  tons  ca- 
pacity, which  has  since  been  raised  to  six  hundred 
tons,  until  it  is  now  the  third  in  size  in  the  Ceeur 
d'Alenes.  The  mine  is  run  by  two  ten-hour  shifts; 
the  mill  by  two  twelve-hour  shifts;  the  lowest  wages 
being  $3.50  and  the  highest  $5  per  diem.  The  output 
is  seventeen  thousand  tons  per  month,  the  ore  running 
.  50  per  cent,  lead  and  thirty-five  ounces  of  silver. 

The  Hercules  mine,  which  has  been  appropriately 
called  "the  Wonder  of  the  Camp,"  is  situated  about 
two  miles  from  Burke.  It  is  one  of  the  new  develop- 
ments of  this  district,  the  "strike"  having  been  made 
i  July  2,  1901.  Up  to  that  date  it  had  been  simply  an 
encouraging  prospect.  Its  crude  product  is  the  rich- 
,  est  in  the  camp  and  its  ore  shoots  the  largest.  For 
their  young  bonanza  the  owners  have  refused  a  bond- 
ing proposition  of  $2.000,000.  The  wonderful  produc- 
tion of  this  mine  is  given  elsewhere.  The  Hercules 
was  discovered  by  poor  men  in  this  world's  goods, 
and  one  of  the  present  owners,  G.  Paulson,  is  said 
,  to  have  secured  a  half  interest  in  the  property  for 
$750.  The  mine  is  owned  by  H.  L.  Day,  sons  Harry, 
ferome,  Eugene,  Mrs.  E.  B!  Boyce,  G.  Paulson,  Syl- 
vester Markwell,  C.  H.  Reeves,  L.  W.  Hutton,  Dan 
Cardoner,  H.  T.  Samuels  and  F.  M.  Rothrock,  all 
residents  of  the  Cceur  d'Alenes.  The  ore  is  all  clean, 
shipping  quality,  and  is  sent  direct  to  the  Everett 
smelter  and  New  Jersey  reduction  works.  The  ex- 
penses for  operation  for  1892,  according  to  the  Cceur 
d'Alene  Mining  Record,  were:  Wages,  $50,000; 


freight  and  treatment  charges,  $85,000;  fuel,  timber, 
repairs,  etc.,  $15,000;  total  $150,000.  This  leaves  net 
profits  of  $170,000,  the  total  gross  value  of  output 
having  been  $320,000.  This  is  certainly  a  grand  rec- 
ord for  a  new  mine — unsurpassed  in  the  history  of 
lead  mining.  The  management  is  now  driving  a 
twenty-five-hundred-foot  tunnel  that  will  explore  the 
mammoth  ore  shoot  five  hundred  feet  below  the  upper 
workings.  It  is  believed  this  tunnel  will  open  up  ore 
reserves  of  the  value  of  $1,500,000,  and  some  local 
mining  experts  prophesy  that  the  Hercules  "will  make 
a  $10,000,000  mine."  Harry  L.  Day,  Jr.,  is  the  man- 
ager of  the  Hercules  mine. 

On  the  north  fork  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene  river,  twen- 
ty miles  above  the  mouth  of  Prichard  creek,  there  are 
several  copper  prospects  which  show  up  well.  These 
prospects,  carrying  copper,  gold  and  silver,  are  being 
developed.  As  yet  the  stratas  found  are  quite  small, 
not  over  two  or  three  inches,  but  exceedingly  rich.  It 
is  believed  that  with  depth  obtained  these  strata  will 
run  together.  .  The  surrounding  country  is  quite  wild 
and  heavily  timbered  with  white  pine,  tamarack,  fir, 
spruce  and  cedar,  the  cedar  and  pine  principally  being 
suitable  for  lumber.  So  far  this  locality  has  been 
prospected  only  to  a  limited  extent,  and  is  unsur- 
veyed. 

In  the  course  of  the  following  resume  of  the  mines 
and  prospects  in  the  Pierce  City  mining  district  no 
attempt  is  made  to  recount  the  history  of  the  early 
placer  diggings  discovered  in  and  around  Pierce  City 
nearly  half  a  century  ago.  That  interesting  story  is 
told  elsewhere  in  this  work.  Undoubtedly  there  are 
millions  of  dust  in  the  sands  and  gravel  of  this  famous 
district.  Possibly  it  may  be  secured  by  the  indefati- 
gable industry  of  future  miners.  But  the  present 
prestige  of  this  district  rests  mainly  upon  the  rich  and 
extensive  quartz  ledges.  It  is  of  this  branch  of  mod- 

itself. 

The  first  quartz  float  was  picked  up  by  the  earlier 
placer  miners.  In  those  days  of  primitive  mining 
methods,  however,  only  deposits  of  free  gold  were 
sought,  and  only  these  were  worked.  Many  stories 
are  current  of  fabulously  rich  float  quartz  having  been 
found  as  early  as  1864  near  the  old  town  of  Orofino. 
As  these  stories,  however,  are  rather  mythical  and 
lacking  spissitude,  it  were  best  to  confine  our  account 
within  the  limits  of  fact.  In  1867  no  little  excitement 
was  occasioned  among  placer  miners  by  reported  dis- 
coveries of  rich  ledges  on  the  divide  between  Canal 
gulch  and  Rhoades'  creek,  east  of  Pierce  City.  For 
a  short  time  the  secret  was  concealed,  but  when  di- 
vulged a  rush  to  the  locality  immediately  ensued. 
More  than  fifty  claims  were  located,  but  alas  for  hu- 
man hopes !  Rich  quartz  failed  to  materialize  ;  excite- 
ment soon  wore  away;  no  work  was  done  upon  the 
claims.  Now,  in  this  connection,  it  is  interesting  to 
note  what  those  pioneer  miners  considered  "rich 
quartz."  Some  of  it,  forwarded  to  Dr.  Day's  assay 
office  in  Walla  Walla  by  the  Nelson  Brothers,  assayed 
a  hundred  and  eighty  in  silver  and  thirty-five  dollars 
in  gold.  Still,  with 'lack  of  transportation  and  other 


1058 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


difficulties  to  overcome,  this  assay  was  not  considered 
sufficiently  large  to  justify  working. 

Thus  remained  the  status  of  mining  in  the  Pierce 
City  district  until  1893.  Auriferous  quartz  was  be- 
lieved to  exist  in  large  bodies,  but  it  had  never  been, 
discovered  in  what  was  considered  paying  quantities. 
In  1893  the  old  Crescent  quartz  mine,  located  in  the 
middle  sixties  by  James  McCarty,  and  possessed  in 
turn  by  Silas  W.  Moody,  who  paid  $2,000  for  it,  and 
subsequently  by  I.  B.  Cowan,  was  by  the  latter  sold 
to  R,  N.,  A.  L.  and  John  Dunn,  brothers.  They  imme- 
diately opened  this  virtually  abandoned  property  and 
discovered  a  pay  ledge  which  showed  flatteringly.  A 
two-stamp  mill  was  installed  and  for  five  years  Dunn 
Brothers  &  Carr  profitably  worked  this  property,  tak- 
ing out,  it  is  reported,  $50,000.  The  Crescent  Con- 
solidated Mining  Company,  of  which  Hon.  Willis 
Sweet  is  president,  secured  the  property  in  1897.  They 
erected  a  five-stamp  gravity  mill,  the  stamps  weighing 
nine  hundred  pounds  each.  At  present  the  company 
has  abandoned  the  old  shaft,  and  are  driving  a  tunnel 
at  the  mouth  of  which  the  mill  is  to  be  placed.  The 
tunnel  is  down  two  hundred  and  fifty  'feet  and  will 
cut  the  ledge  at  the  depth  of  three  hundred  and  fifty 
feet.  The  vein  now  being  developed  is  about  fourteen 
inches  wide,  lies  on  an  incline  of  about  thirty  degrees 
west  and  carries  principally  free  milling  ore.  The 
claims  in  this  group  are  the  Crescent,  Bole,  Golden, 
Columbia,  Hoodoo,  Bond,  Twin,  Twin  Fraction, 
Washington,  Wildcat,  Best  Chance,  Magic,  Humbug, 
and  Gem  Fraction.  They  are  situated  about  three 
miles  east  from  Pierce  on  Bartlett  and  Clearwater 
gulches,  tributaries  of  Rhoades  creek. 

Commencement  work  on  the  Crescent  naturally 
attracted  attention  of  the  mining  world.  The  year 
1893  witnessed  quite  an  influx  of  prospectors.  For 
two  or  three  years  the  camp  enjoyed  a  boom,  subse- 
quently suffering  a  relapse.  Meanwhile  a  number  of 
experienced  quartz  miners  located  in  the  district. 
Prominent  among  them  were:  Dr.  H.  H.  Bole,  a  vet- 
eran miner  of  Montana;  I,  D.  Cleek,  a  pioneer  Ida- 
hoan,  and  M.  A.  Ellis.  With  indomitable  persever- 
ance these  men  continued  to  work  with  the  gratifying 
result  that  Pierce  City  now  has  an  established  reputa- 
tion as  a  quartz  camp.  At  present  the  most  distin- 
guished property  in  the  Pierce  City  district  is  the 
Wild  Rose.  It  'is  located  on  Clearwater  gulch,  three 
and  one-half  miles  east  of  Pierce  City.  The  ledge  was 
found  in  toot  by  W.  S.  Wilkinson,  who  owns  a  half 
interest,  J.  L.  Dunn  and  M.  A.  Ellis  owning  one-quar- 
ter each.  Last  year,  in  an  eighty  days'  run  a  three- 
stamp  gravity  mill  saved  $20,000  in  gold,  aside  from 
many  tons  of  concentrates,  averaging  $12  a  ton.  The 
richness  of  this  ledge  may  be  estimated  by  the  fact 
that  the  capacity  of  the  mill  is  only  two  tons  a  day. 
One  hundred  and  ten  feet  of  shaft  has  been  sunk  and 
about  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  of  drifting  com- 
pleted. The  vein  is  large,  thirty-three  feet  and  six 
inches  between  walls  at  a  depth  of  one  hundred  and 
ten  feet,  and  contains  three  principal  pay  streaks.  In 
the  property  are  included  seven  claims  and  a  mill  site, 


the  Wild  Rose  having  attained  the  greatest  develop- 
ment. 

The  Santiago  property  lies  on  Rose  Creek,  three 
and  one-half  miles  northeast  of  Pierce  City.  By  its 
owners  it  is  claimed  to  be  the  best  developed  property 
in  the  camp.  To  this  group  belong  the  Sampson, 
Schley,  Miles,  Shatter  and  Santiago  claims,  a  veri- 
table Spanish  war  aggregation.  In  these  several 
claims  more  than  twelve  hundred  feet  of  tunneling  has 
been  completed,  the  principal  vein  tapped  being  from 
six  inches  to  four  feet  wide,  and  carrying  ore  aver- 
aging $15,  besides  rich  concentrates.  Three  years  ago 
a  two-stamp,  triple-discharge  Hendy  mill  was  ac- 
quired and  is  now  in  operation.  M.  A.  Ellis  and 
James  Morrow  discovered  the  Santiago  group  in  1898. 
The  latter  now  owns  three-eighths,  J.  A.  Morrow  and 
I.  C.  Johnson  the  remainder. 

On  French  creek,  seven  miles  east  of  Pierce  City, 
are  located  the  Golden  Gate  and  Klondyke -  quartz 
mines.  The  Golden  Gate  is  at  the  head  "of  French 
creek,  contiguous  to  the  Fidelity  placer  and  quartz 
group  on  the  south.  There  are  thirty-four  claims  in 
the  group,  most  of  which  were  located  five  years  ago 
by  Horatio  L.  Gray,  a  pioneer  of  Pierce  City.  He 
bonded  them  to  a  Cleveland,  Ohio,  syndicate  three 
years  ago,  since  which  period  from  fifteen  to  twenty 
men  have  been  steadily  at  work  developing  the  prop- 
erty. A  Hendy,  triple-discharge,  two-stamp  mill  is 
in  operation  and  about  two  hundred  feet  of  shaft  has 
been  sunk,  and  seven  hundred  feet  of  tunnel  driven. 
In  March,  1903,  this  group  was  bonded  to  a  New 
York  syndicate  for  $300,000.  The  veins  run  from 
three  to  seventeen  feet  in  width.  Sample  assays  have 
reached  $2,500.  The  ore  is  free  milling,  but  it  is  an- 
ticipated that  with  depth  it  will  become  refractory. 
The  Klondyke  is  on  Bear  gulch,  adjoining  Golden 
Gate.  There  are  five  claims  in  this  group,  on  which 
more  than  eight  hundred  feet  of  underground  work 
has  been  done.  The  ledge  runs  north  and  south,  which 
is  the  general  trend  of  all  leads  in  this  region.  The .  • 
ore  is  arsenical  sulphides,  and  when  oxidized  becomes 
free  milling.  The  property  is  owned  by  the  Klondyke 
Mining  and  Mill  Company.  Two  years  ago  a  Ham- 
mond, self-contained,  water  power,  five-stamp  mill  and 
Bartlett  concentrator  were  erected.  In  the  develop- 
ment of  this  mine  I.  D.  Cleek  has  been  prominent,  and 
is  the  principal  owner.  The  Fleetwood,  another  well  ] 
known  property  in  this  district,  lies  three  miles  east 
of  Pierce  City,  in  Osborne  gulch,  a  branch  of  j 
Rhoades'  creek.'  The  ore,  which  is  free  milling,  is  the 
.same  as' other  ore  in  the  district.  A  two- foot  ledge 
has  been  tapped  which  assays  between  $14  and  $15. 
It  was  discovered  in  1899  by  Alvin  Arnold,  who  dis- 
posed of  it  to  Mr.  Coach,  of  Michigan.  In  1901  a 
three-stamp  Hendy,  triple-discharge,  seven-hundred- 
and-fifty-pound  stamp  mill  was  installed  jointly  by  -j 
the  Fleetwood  and  Santiago  companies. 

One  mile  and    a    half    east  of   Pierce   City,  on 
Rhoades  creek,  are    three    groups  showing  flattering 
promise  of  becoming  producing  mines.     They   are  the  ,| 
Ozark,  Orion  and  Homestead  groups,  owned  respect-  • 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ively  by  Frank  and  William  Gaffney  and  John  Pons, 
the  Ohio-Idaho  Mining  and  Development  Company, 
Ltd.,  and  Dr.  H.  H.  Bole.  These  three  groups  have 
shown  exceedingly  rich  ore,  a  large  proportion  free  mill- 
ing, the  remainder  containing  rich  sulphides.  Develop- 
ment in  the  Ozark  is  more  advanced  than  in  the  other 
two.  With  only  a  limited  mill  capacity,  consisting  of  a 
steam  engine  and  Bryant  rocker,  equaling  two  stamps, 
gold  sufficient  to  finance  one  thousand  feet  of  tunnel, 
thoroughly  opening  the  mine,  has  been  extracted.  Last 
winter  the  Ozark  was  bonded  to  a  Spokane  company, 
at  the  head  of  which  is  Judge  L.  H.  Prather,  for 
$60,000.  From  the  Ozark  vein  sample  assays  have 
shown  values  amounting  to  $260  a  ton,  although  the 
average  is  below  this.  The  Red  Cloud  is  an  extension 
of  the  Ozark  group  and  included  in  the  bond.  The 
eight  claims  comprised  in  the  Homestead  group  are 
Homestead,  Lookout,  Samson,  Outcrop,  McCormick, 
Big  Bar,  Overlap  and  one  other.  The  principal  de- 
velopment work  has  been  done  in  the  Lookout,  where 
five  hundred  and  sixty  feet  of  tunnel  has  been  driven, 
the  lower  tunnel  tapping  the  vein  at  one  hundred  and 
sixty-five  feet,  the  greatest  vein  yet  attained  in  the 
the  camp.  The  ore  body,  a  large  one,  is  one  hundred 
feet  wide,  and  high  values  are  found  in  small  streaks 
in  the  enormous  ledge,  carrying  quartz  assaying  from 
$10  to  $128.  This  property,  discovered  in  1900,  has 
been  continuously  developed  since.  Between  the 
Homestead  and  Ozark  groups  lies  the  Orion,  discov- 
ered by  Dr.  H.  H.  Bole  in  1898,  and  bonded  to  the 
present  owners  in  1901. 

Completing  the  list  of  prominent  properties  in 
this  camp  is  the  Dewey,  although  there  are,  doubtless, 
many  others  which  by  the  time  this  article  is  pub- 
lished will  have  attained  to  fully  as  much  importance, 
since  the  camp  is  growing  rapidly.  The  Dewey  joins 
the  Wild  Rose  group  on  the  north.  It  is  owned  by 
M.  A.  Ellis,  J.  A.  Morrow,  G.  A.  Rubeden  and  R.  M. 
Walker.  Over  six  hundred  feet  of  tunneling  has  been 
completed  and  a  fine  body  of  ore  opened.  Forty-two 
tons  of  ore  taken  from  the  mine,  sampled  at  a  custom 
mill,  averaged  $30  a  ton. 

The  greater  portion  of  placer  mining  in  this  camp 
is  done  on  French  creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Oro 
Grande.  French  creek,  a  small  stream  fifteen  miles 

of  Pierce  City,  and  flows  in  a  northwesterly  direction. 
The  topography  of  the  region  is  similar  to  that  of 
southern  Shoshone  county  in  general,  densely  tim- 

Although  in  earlier  days  considerable  placer  mining- 
was  exploited  on  French  creek,  it  is  universal  belief 
that  only  a  very  small  portion  of  the  ground  has  ever 
;  been  worked.  At  the  junction  of  French  and  Oro 
Grande  creeks  are  Johnson  Brothers'  group  of  placers, 
comprising  six  claims.  At  present  they  are  being 
worked  by  hydraulic  process.  The  gold  is  coarse  and 
pure,  worth  $19.21  an  ounce.  Adjoining  these  claims 
are  seventeen  belonging  to  J.  P.  Walsh  and  R.  J. 
Kelly.  It  is  said  that  Joaquin  Miller,  the  Poet  of  the 
Sierras,  worked  these  claims  as  early  as  1864,  at 
•  which  period  they  were  rich  producers.  Between  1895 


and  1900  the  Idaho  Consolidated  Gold  Placer  Mining 
Company  exploited  these  claims  successfully. 

The  next  group  of  placers  on  French  creek  is  con- 
trolled by  the  Fidelity  Placer  Mining  and  Develop- 
ment Company,  Inc.,  of  Spokane.  In  the  group  are 
six  placer  and  two  quartz  claims.  During  the  past 
winter  a  bedrock  flume  was  completed,  a  new  ditch 
constructed,  and  in  the  spring  hydraulic  operations 
were  commenced.  In  the  'sixties  the  ground  paid 
$22  to  $30  to  the  man.  At  present  nine  men  are 
employed  under  management  of  Christopher  C.  Garrett, 
of  Salt  Lake.  These  placers  appear  to  have  been  fed 
by  stringers  of  development  quartz  at  intervals  of  a 
few  yards. 

Several  companies  are  at  work  on  Oro  Fino  creek. 
The  Rich  Hill  Water  and  Mining  Company,  of  which 
L.  T.  Culver,  formerly  of  Pasadena,  is  manager,  owns 
six  hundred  acres  of  ground  lying  east  of  Pierce 
City  on  what  is  known  as  Rich  Hill.  Twelve  thousand 
dollars  has  been  expended  in  improving  the  ditch,  pur- 
chasing machinery,  etc.  The  ground  prospects  as 
high  as  $2  a  yard.  The  Chicago- Pierce  Developing 
Company  has  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  on  Oro 
Fino  creek,  beginning  four  miles  up  the  bed  of  the 
creek.  The  old  Gulling  ditch,  built  in  the  seventies, 
has  been  purchased  by  the  company  and  is  used  to 
operate  a  hydraulic  elevator,  costing  $10,000,  with  a 
capacity  of  two  thousand  yards  a  day.  Below  Pierce 
on  Oro  Fino  creek  another  hydraulic  elevator  will  be 
placed  in  operation  this  season  by  the  American  Placer 
Mining  Company,  which  controls  the  bed  of  the 
creek  for  a  distance  of  eight  miles,  beginning  at 
Quartz  creek.  A  plant  has  been  installed  and  a  high 
line  ditch,  carrying  one  thousand  five  hundred  inches 
of  water,  will  be  constructed.  The  elevator  will  han- 
dle about  two  thousand  five  hundred  yards  a  day.  The 
Chicago-Spokane  Company  owns  several  hundred 
acres  of  land  on  Oro  Fino  and  Rhoades  creeks. 

placers  on  Snake  creek,  nine  miles  north  of  Pierce. 
Most  prominent  of  these  companies  is  the  one  working 
the  Y.  V.  Friedman  property.  A  Cleveland  syndi- 
cate is  building  an  elevator  plant  on  Gold  and  the 
Kmpire  Company  is  operating  on  Breakfast  creek, 
twelve  miles  east  of  Pierce  City.  A  Detroit,  Michi- 
gan, syndicate  has  recently  acquired  the  Musselshell 
Falls  group  and  will  do  considerable  work  there  the 
coming  season.  Many  other  smaller  concerns  and 
private  individuals  are  engaged  in  restoring  the  Pierce 


Undoubtedly  the  most  potent  factor  in  modern  placer 
mining  is  the  use  of  improved  machinery,  especially 
the  hydraulic  elevator  and  steam  hydraulics.  When 
the  rich  ground  in  the  vicinity  of  Pierce  Ciey  is  worked 

prediction  too  sanguine  to  say  that  the  annual  yield 
cannot  be  expressed  in  six  figures. 


A    synchronous   description    of   the    "gold   belt   of 
Shoshone   county"   would    be    incomplete   did   it   not 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


state  that  its  actualities  and  possibilities  are  widely 
divergent.  Lying  within  an  area  of  twenty  miles 
square,  in  the  extreme  northern  portion  of  the  county, 
this  gold  district  has  witnessed  a  variety  of  exciting 
and  sensational  scenes  occurring  on  a  variety  of  dates. 
Gold  has  been  found  in  placers  to  an  almost  unlim- 
ited amount,  but  in  recent  years  placer  has  been  sup- 
plemented by  quartz  mining.  In  earlier  years  the  lat- 
ter method  has  been  neglected  for  the  more  readily 
procured  and,  apparently,  more  abundant  and  richer 
placer  gold.  This  has  been  the  history  of  all  im- 
portant gold  regions. 

It  was  during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1883  that  the 
gold  belt  proper  of  Shoshone  county  first  came  into 
prominence.  Eagle  City,  which  once  swarmed  with 
a  population  of  over  two  thousand  enthusiastic  gold- 
seekers,  is  now  one  of  the  deserted  mining  camps  of 
the  district.  Yet  it  was  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Eagle  that  placer  gold  was  first  discovered,  on  Prich- 
ard  creek,  and,  by  many,  A.  J.  Prichard,  for  whom 
the  stream  was  named,  is  credited  with  the  initial  dis- 
covery of  the  yellow  metal  in  this  locality.  By  some 
this  is  disputed.  However,  fabulous  reports  of  the 
richness  and  extent  of  this  gold-bearing  district  soon 
attracted  the  attention  of  thousands.  Of  this  excit- 
ing period  F.  A.  Culbertson  in  July,  1898,  said:  ' 

"In  the  spring  of  1884  there  was  quite  a  stampede 
into  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district,  being  somewhat  simi- 
far  to  the  present  excitement  over  Klondyke.  Pros- 
pectors for  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  from  the  West  out- 
fitted at  Spokane  and  proceeded  thence  by  rail  to 
Rathdrum,  by  stage  to  Cceur  d'Alene  City  and  from 
this  point  on  by  the  old  Mullan  road  (built  by  the 
government  as  a  military  road)  to  Evolution,  about 
twenty  miles  above  the  Mission,  and  from  this  point 
by  trail  to  Eagle  City.  Prospectors  from  the  East 
left  the  main  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  at  Herron 
and  Trout  creek  and  continued  thence  by  trail  into 
the  mines.  Stories  related  by  old  prospectors  of  the 
difficulties  of  getting  into  the  country  over  these  trails 
remind  one  of  the  description  and"  accounts  of  the 
Skaguay  trail." 

Eagle  City,  in  the  spring  of  1884,  had  developed 
into  a  mining  camp  of  two  thousand  souls,  with  all 
the  usual  accessories,  saloons,  dance  halls,  the  lair  of 
the  "tiger,"  etc.,  and  one  paid  $2  for  a  meal  of  bacon 
and  beans,  and  $i  for  a  place  to  "flop"  with  one's 
blankets.  Five  miles  up  Prichard  creek  the  town  ot 
Murray,  destined  to  become  the  county-seat  of  Sho- 
shone county,  was  laid  out  in  1884,  and  the  same  event- 
ful year  Thompson  Falls,  across  the  line  in  Montana, 
was  established,  and  a  trail  blazed  from  there  to 

November  18,  1884,  application  No.  i  for  a  pat- 
ent to  mining  property  was  filed  at  the  United  States 
Land  Office,  Lewiston,  Nez  Perces  county.  The  ap- 
plicants were  George  B.  Ives  and  John  Silverthorn. 
The  application  was  for  the  Idaho  Bar  Placer  Claim, 
near  Murray.  Application  No.  2  was  for  a  patent  on 
the  Wolf  Placer  Claim,  owned  by  Hiram  E.  Wolf, 
dated  March  31,  1885,  and  application  No.  3  for  the 
Silver  City  Placer,  owned  by  William  G.  Shedd,  Wil- 


Ham A.  Farish,  Commodore  P.  Crawford,  Thomas 
Lyons,  Bernard  McDonald  and  Angus  Campbell.  It 
was  dated  April  20,  1885. 

The  Mother  Lode,  one  of  the  richest  prospects 
ever  developed  in  the  gold  belt,  is  tluis  described  by 
Mr.  Adam  Aulbach  in  1891 : 

The  Mother  Lode  Company  started  in  1885  with  a  Spanish 

realizing  big  dividends.  The  last  clean-up,  three  weeks  ago, 
reached  fifty-two  pounds  of  gold  bullion,  or  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  $13,000.  This  result  was  from  a  single  month's 
run.  The  mine  known  as  the  Mother  Lode  was  one  of  the 
first  quartz  lodes  located  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  during  the 
rush.  It  became  a  great  point  of  attraction  and  created  much 

in  the  croppings  which  were  exposed  in  Prichard  Creek  a 
the  foot  of  a  steep  mountain.  One  section  of  these  croppings 
revealed  a  flat  portion  of  white  quartz,  literally  covered  with 
the  yellow  metal.  For  a  year  the  four  owners— D.  H.  Wilsey, 
William  King,  Albert  Coolidge  and  Albert  Otto— sat  and 
watched  the  golden  slab,  going  hungry  at  times,  but  always 

this  mining  property  was  refused.  They  were  afraid  to  s  , 
for  fear  there  might  be  more  wealth  in  the  mine  than  the 
offer  amounted  to.  At  a  rough  estimate  the  mine  has  yielded 
$200,000  up  to  the  present  date,  and  is  scarcely  opened  up. 
Several  rich  pockets  have  been  found,  one  of  which  gave 
up  about  $20,000.  Nuggets  weighing  as  high  as  twenty  and 
twenty-seven  ounces  of  pure  gold  were  hammered  out  of  the 
quartz,  and  are  still  in  existence  at  the  Spokane  National 
Bank,  Spokane,  Washington. 

Aside  from  the  Mother  Lode  this  group  contains 
the  Mother's  Boy,  Treasure  Box,  Occident,  Chicago, 
Red  Cloud,  Mountain  Queen,  Lost  Fraction,  Old 
Shape  Fraction  and  Fourth  of  July.  The  ore  is  la 
ribbon  quartz,  carrying  considerable  iron  sulphurets, 
free  gold  on  the  surface  growing  baser  as  the  ledges, 
are  followed,  averaging  $15  a  ton,  free  milling,  and 
much  higher  if  concentrated  and  treated.  The  ledge 
runs  from  four  to  twenty-four  inches  in  width.  It 
is  a  blanket  ledge,  extending  back  into  the  hill,  a 
peculiar  and  unusual  formation.  Quite  frequently 
pockets  carrying  from  $500  to  $3,000  were  opened. 
The  "golden"  slab"  of  the  Mother  Lode  was  a  slab  of 
quartz  sixteen  feet  square,  impregnated  with  gold  to 
the  depth  of  an  inch.  From  the  Mother  Lode  up- 
wards of  $250,000  has  been  taken  and  undoubtedly  the 
group  has  produced  half  a  million  dollars.  The  vein 
has  been  followed  for  about  six  hundred  feet.  . 

Of  the  group  owned  by  the  Daddy  Gold  Mining 
Company,  located  near  Mother  Lode  Hill,  the  Daddy 
quartz  mine  is  the  most  prominent.     The  company,.  ^ 
comprising  Coplen   Brothers,  of  Latah,  Washington; 
Robert   Horn  and  Charles  Mead,  own  six  claims  in.   • 
the  group— the  Daddy,  Mead,  Mead  Fraction,  Woods,    j 
Daddy's    Boy  and  Mclntee.     In  October,    1883,    the 
original   Daddy  claim   was   located  by   B.   F.   Coplen, 
George     Bartlett    and    Robert     Horn.      Development 
work  on  the  Daddy  was  commenced  in   1891.  and  in 
June,  1894,  the  present  mill  was  erected.     Owing  to 
the  great  railway  strike  of  the  A.   R.  U.  machinery 
was  not  installed  until  late  in  the  summer,  but  from 
August  28,  1894,  the  mill  ran  steadily  three  years.    In.  -" 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1895  the  company  purchased  the  Mead  and  Mead 
Fraction  for  $56,000.  In  1898  the  mill  closed  down, 
since  which  period  it  has,  at  various  times,  been  op- 
erated by  lease.  It  is  a  forty-horse-power  steam  plant, 
Nagle  engine,  Frazier-Chalmers  mill  and  amalgamating 
plates,  Gilpin  concentrators.  It  is  provided  with  an 
eighty-light,  sixteen-candle-power  dynamo,  operated 
by  water  power,  and  also  a  complete  canvas  plant,  the 
only  one  in  the  Cceur  d'Alenes.  It  is  utilized  for  con- 
veniently and  economically  handling  base  ores,  and  is 
the  predecessor  of  the  Frue  Vanners  and  Wilfley  ta- 
bles. This  mine  has  produced  $250,000,  the  ore  aver- 
aging between  $8  and  $24  a  ton.  One  pocket  yielded 
$15,000.  In  the  future  the  ore,  which  has  become 
base,  must  be  worked  by  the  cyanide  process,  and  ex- 
periments to  that  end  are  now  in  progress. 

The  Golden  Chest  quartz  lode,  the  richest  pro- 
ducer in  the  Shoshone  county  gold  belt,  is  situated  at 
the  head  of  Reeder  gulch,  a  small  stream  that  empties 
into  Prichard  creek  from  the  north,  and  a  short  dis- 
tance east  of  Murray.  The  owners  of  this  mine  boast 
of  the  pioneer  stamp  mill  of  the  Cceur  d'Alenes.  On 
Wednesday,  April  15,  1885,  it  was  set  in  motion.  It 
is  a  twenty-stamp  mill. 

In  November,  1900,  the  Golden  Chest  Mining 
Company  made  a  settlement  that  removed  litigation 
that  had  for  several  years  been  pending,  and  gave  the 
company  possession  of  the  Katie,  Dora,  Paymaster 
and  some  other  properties,  together  with  the  Idaho 
mill.  As  expressed  by  the  Murray  Sun,  this  was  "a 
consolidation  that  had  been  hoped  for  by  our  people 
for  years.  The  company  is  now  fitting  up  two  stamp 
batteries,  put  in  some  time  ago,  with  concentrators, 
and  in  a  short  time  there  will  be  twenty  stamps  crush- 
ing ore  at  the  mouth  of  Reeder  gulch/' 

The  Yosemite  Mining  Company,  comprising  John 
A.  Finch,  W.  W.  Hart,  E.  H.  Moffitt  and  Clarence 
Cunningham,  of  Wallace,  are  the  principal  owners  of 
the  Yosemite.  This  group  of  mines  consists  of  the  Yose- 
mite and  Denver  Fraction  claims  on  Prichard  creek  east 
of  Murray  and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
Mother  Lode  and  Daddy  groups.  The  company 
erected  a  stamp  mill  in  1895,  provided  with  a  superior 
equipment.  The  ore  bodies  are  identical  in  general 
character  with  those  of  the  Mother  Lode  Hill. 

The  most  prominent  operator  on  Eagle  creek, 
which  forms  a  confluence  with  Prichard  creek  at  the 
old  town  of  Eagle,  is  George  F.  Viter.  It  is  under- 
stood that  he  controls  all  available  mines  on  the  creek, 
including  Fancy  (and  Daisy)  gulch,  about  eight 
miles  up  the  stream.  At  present  the  company  is  doing 
merely  assessment  work,  but  intends  to  build  a  hy- 
draulic elevator  at  the  mouth  of  Fancy  gulch  during 
the  present  year,  using  the  old  Mills  ditch,  taking 
water  from  Eagle  creek,  below  White  Rock.  Mr. 
Viter  succeeds  the  Sidney  Mills  Company ;  Barry  Hill 
is  local  manager  of  the  property. 

As  practically  illustrative  and  descriptive  of  the 
•  entire  gold  belt  of  northern  Shoshone  county,  the  fol- 
lowing may  prove  of  interest  to  all  seeking  information 
concerning  this, golden  region: 

Three  thousand  acres  of  patented  ground  on  Prich- 


ard creek,  and  along  the  old  wash  channel  on  the 
hill  to  the  north  are  owned  by  the  Coeur  d:Alene 
Mining  Company.  William  Q.  Brown,  an  experienced 
California  miner,  is  manager;  Fred  M.  Brown,  his 
brother,  superintendent.  At  present  the  company  is 
simply  prospecting  to  test  the  ground  and  ascertain 
the  better  methods  of  mining  it.  The  old  channel  dig- 
gings can  easily  be  worked  by  hydraulics,  and  pros- 
pecting is  now  in  progress  in  Nugget,  Buckskin  and 
Drain  gulches  with  encouraging  results.  Entirely  dif- 
ferent is  the  proposition  on  the  creek.  Here  the 
bedrock,  except  where  the  rim  protrudes,  lies  from 
twenty-five  to  thirty  feet  below  the  surface.  Probably 
there  is  no  rockier  place  in  the  United  States.  The 
ground  is  one  mass  of  bowlders  and  gravel ;  expensive 
to  handle  and  slow  of  process.  Moreover,  the  bed- 
rock lies  on  an  incline;  the  gold  in  seams,  sometimes 
a?  deep  into  the  bedrock  as  two  feet.  This  rock,  which 
is  hard,  has  to  be  thoroughly  broken  up  before  the 
gold  can  be  extracted.  The  company  had  at  work, 
on  the  old  Gelatt  claim,  below  Murray,  a  small  Evans 
elevator.  But  several  months'  experience  with  this 
appliance  convinced  the  owners  that  this  method  is 
impracticable,  being  slow  and  expensive.  The  ma- 
chine is  now  employed  in  prospecting  work.  On  the 
ground  is  machinery  for  a  link-belt  elevator.  Should 
it  be  found  practicable  to  utilize  it  the  same  will  be 
put  in  operation.  Its  capacity  is  two  thousand  yards 
a  day.  On  these  creek  claims' no  pay  ore  is  found  until 
bedrock  is  reached,  and  to  clean  one  foot  of  bedrock 
it  is  necessary  to  remove  one  cubic  yard  of  earth. 
Following  the  installation  of  a  suitable  plant  several 
hundred  men  will  doubtless  be  employed  in  sifting 
gold  from  the  North  Fork  country.  For  the  opera- 
tion of  this  elevator  water  is  secured  from  the  old 
Coeur  d'Alene  Company's  pipe  line  from  Raven ; 
twenty-two  inches  in  diameter. and  with  a  pressure  of 
n  2  pounds  to  the  square  inch  at  the  elevator.  Water 
is  supplied  to  this  pipe  from  a  flume  extending  to 
Twin  Lakes,  east  of  the  Montana  divide,  in  Mon- 
tana. As  they  are  at  a  greater  altitude  than  the  back- 
bone of  the  divide  the  water  can  be  conveyed  from 
the  lakes  into  Idaho  and  used  on  Prichard  creek.  Day 
and  night  several  men  are  employed  at  the  elevator, 
of  whom  S.  S.  Catching  is  foreman. 

The  process  of  dredging  for  gold  is  one  of  recent 
introduction  in  Shoshone  county,  but  it  is  claimed  by 
mining  men  to  be  a  practical  method.  Operating  on 
Beaver  Creek,  a  trifle  north  of  midway  between  Prich- 
ard Creek  and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
river,  are  three  dredge  companies,  the  Northern,  Delta 
and  Mascot.  The  trio  is  under  one  management, 
Philadelphia  capital  controlling  all  of  them.  J.  M. 
Savage,  of  Delta,  president  of  each  company,  is  the 
originator  of  these  enterprises.  C.  S.  Crysler  is  gen- 
eral manager.  Large  quantities  of  placer  gold  have 
been  taken  from  several  tributaries  of  Beaver  Creek, 
notably  Trail  Creek,  as  well  as  from  the  main  stream. 
It  is  aid  to  be  a  conservative  estimate  that  fully  $2,- 
000,000  has  been  taken  from  Trail  Creek  alone.  Be- 
cause the  bedrock  lies  between  twenty-five  and  thirty- 
five  feet  deep  on  Beaver  Creek,  it  has  been,  practically, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


beyond  the  range  of  the  poor  miner.  In  building  their 
huge  machines,  acquiring  properties  and  in  preliminary 
work,  the  companies  have  expended  not  less  than 
$200,000.  So  far,  however,  but"  little  ground  has  been 
worked. 

October  i,  1902,  work  on  the  first  dredge,  that  of 
the  Northern  Company,  was  completed.  It  is  located 
on  the  Prichard  group  of  claims,  on  Beaver  Creek, 
two  miles  northwest  of  Delta.  To  the  Delta  Company 
l>elongs  the  second  machine,  erected  in  May,  1903. 
At  present  it  is  at  work  on  the  Coulson  and'  Hustcs 
group  of  claims,  one  mile  west  of  Delta.  The  third 
dredge,  property  of  the  Mascot  Company,  was  com- 
pleted in  June,  1903.  It  is  on  a  larger  scale  than 
the  two  earlier  dredges,  the  hull  being  longer  and 
wider  by  several  feet,  the  ladder  ten  feet  longer,  and 
capacity  four  buckets  greater.  The  ground  embraced 
in  the  townsite  of  Delta,  at  the  mouth  of  Trail  Creek, 
will  be  thoroughly  worked  by  the  latter  machine.  The 
buildings  of  this  pioneer  mining  town  are  being  rap- 
idly removed.  Soon  nothing  but  a  large,  cavernous 
p;t,  filled  with  water  and  "tailings,"  will  mark  the  spot 
where  was  once  a.  thriving  city  of  more  than  1,000 
inhabitants. 

These  three  powerful  machines  are  products  of  the 
Risdon  Iron  Works,  San  Francisco,  California,  and 
are  made  under  the  Postlethwaite  patents.  The  lumber 
utilized  in  their  construction  is  Oregon  fir,  first  grade, 
and  about  60,000  feet  were  required  for  each  dredge. 
Their  per  diem  capacity  of  twenty-four  hours  is,  ap- 
proximately, i, 800  yards  each;  theoretical  calculation 
being  2,000  yards.  Each  is  supplied  with  its  own 
electric  lighting  plant ;  a  fifty-horse-power  boiler  pro- 
vides power  to  operate  the  massive  machinery.  Or- 
dinarily two  men  are  required  to  operate  the  dredge, 

firing.  There  are  not  so  many  large  boulders  here 
as  there  are  in  Prichard  Creek,  and  the  machines 
are  comparatively  easy  to  work.  At  mouths  of  the 
gulches'  gold  lies  all  through  the  earth  from  the  sur- 
face to  bedrock.  On  the  remainder  of  the  creek  no 
values  of  consequence  are  found  above  the  fifteen  foot 
level.  Bedrock  is  termed  "soft,"  and  buckets  cut  into 
it  to  a  depth  of  two  feet.  As  in  Prichard  Creek  there 
is  a  pay  streak  which  must  be  followed  to  obtain  gold. 
The  quality  of  the  gold  is  medium ;  the  form  coarse. 
It  is  not  considered  unlikely  that  the  Mascot  dredge 
may  uncover  some  large  nuggets,  as  Trail  Creek  has 
produced  many  of  unusual  size.  Only  a  few  months 
ago  a  $1,200  nugget  was  found  in  this  gulch. 

Clearly  of  the  highest  type  and  a  triumph  of  mod- 
ern mechanism  is  the  Postlethwaite,  or  Risdoo,  dredge. 
It  is  the  result  of  years  of  thought  and  experience  of 
the  most  skilled  mechanics  in  this  line  of  work.  For 
this  dredge  a  lifetime  of  fifteen  years  is  claimed  by 
the  manufacturers,  which  is  long,  considering  the 
strain  and  pressure  incident  to  gold  dredging.  The 
dredge  is  of  continuous-bucket  type,  with  a  stiff  box- 
girder  ladder  nearly  seventy  feet  in  length.  Quite 
strong  are  these  brackets,  with  heavy,  chilled  steel 
lips,  which  owing  to  a  peculiarity  in  shape  and  action 
dig  into  the  hardest  ground.  There  are  usually  thirty- 


four  buckets,  of  three  and  one-fourth  feet  capacity. 
They  travel  at  the  rate  of  fourteen  a  minute,  giving  a 
theoretical  capacity  of  100  cubic  yards  an  hour,  which 
delivered  in  an  almost  continuous  stream  into  a 
perforated  revolving  screen.  The  screen  is  set  on  a 
grade,  the  heavy  material  traveling  through  it  and 
discharging  overboard  at  the  stern  of  the  dredge  by 
means  of  an  ingenious  and  perfect  stacker.  Into  t' 
screen  extends  a  perforated  water-pipe,  five 
in  diameter,  and  about  twenty-five  feet  long,  convey- 
ing water  at  the  rate  of  several  hundred  gallons  a 
minute,  thus  thoroughly  washing  the  gravel,  and  mak- 
ing its  way  with  the  gold  and  fine  material  through  the 
perforations  of  the  screen  into  a  distributing  box. 
Thence  the  gravel  is  washed  onto  the  gold  saving 
tables,  a  set  of  which  is  on  each  side  of  the  screen. 
Into  sections  these  tables  are  divided,  covered  with 
cocoa  matting  and  expended  metal  riffles,  one  of  the 
notable  features  of  the  Risdon  machines.  Should  any 
gold  escape  from  the  first  or  lower  table  it  is  caught 
in  the  riffles  by  a  long  sluice  box  which  carries  all 
the  waste.  '  No  quicksilver  is  used  on  the  Risdon 
machine  except  where  there  is  flour  gold  in  the 
ground. 

Water  is  supplied  by  a  centrifugal  pump  and  the 
whole  of  the  machinery  on  the  dredge  is  run  by  a  100- 
horse-power,  surface-condensing,  compound  marine 
engine.  The  winch  has  six  barrels,  four  of  which 
control  the  cable  lines  running  from  each  corner  of  the 
dredge.  One  regulates  the  headline,  and  the  other 
raises  and  lowers  the  bucket  ladders.  By  means  of  the 
five  working  lines  it  is  possible  to  make  the  dredge 
assume  any  particular  position  within  a  few  moments, 
the  advantage  of  this  over  the  old  method  being  very 
decided.  A  glance  at  the  enormous  pile  of  "tailings" 
left  behind  the  machine  affords  eloquent  testimony 
to  the  immense  amount  of  earth  handled  by  the  dredge- 
as  compared  to  the  work  of  the  individual  miner  with 
pick,  shovel  and  hoist.  These  "tailings"  rear  them- 
selves to  a  height  of  twenty  feet  above  the  water,  while 
underneath  it  they  may  be  lying  on  ground  thirty- 
five  or  forty  feet  lower  than  the  surface. 

At  the  present  writing  the  Golden  Chest  and  Gran- 
ite Lodes  are  the  only  ones  being  actively  worked  ( 
Prichard  Creek.  Much  prospecting,  however,  is  being 
done  throughout  this  gold  belt.  The  Granite  i 
property  of  the  Granite  and  Allie  Consolidated  Min- 
ing Company,  formerly  known  as  the  Granite  Prop- 
erty Stock  Company.  This  was  organized  December 
18,'  1902,  with  the  following  officers:  John  E.  Steen. 
president;  Louis  Prager,  vice  president:  Dr.  George 
S.  Lesher,  secretary;  B.  F.  Morgan,  treasurer.  The 
capital  stock  is  divided  into  1,500,000  shares,  at  one 
dollar  a  share.  In  1896  a  ten-stamp  water-power 
mill,  with  concentrating  plant,  was  put  into  the  Gra 
ite  mill.  By  this  means,  however,  the  company  was 
unable  to  save  values,  and  a  forty-ton  cyanide  plant 
was  secured.  There  are  in  the  Granite  mine  280  feet 
of  tunnel;  100  feet  of  shaft  and  cross-cuts,  and  ore- 
tunnel.  Values  are  found  in  sulphide  ore  in  quartz — 
gold  ore  strictly.  The  vein  runs  northwest  and  south- 
east, and  is  almost  vertical,  lying  betwen  quartzite  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1063 


granite.      A    large   improved    cyanide   plant,    for    the 

In  describing  individual  properties  we  have,  in 
the  majority  of  cases,  availed  ourselves  of  information 
furnished  by  owners  themselves,  together  with  such 
other  accurate  information  as  could  be  found,  and  have 
leaned  toward  conservatism  in  making  statements. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

Interest  in  the  advancemnt  of  educational  privi- 
leges in  Shoshone  county  is  constantly  increasing.  The 
general  topography  of  this  section  renders  the  crea- 
tion of  country  school  districts  almost  impossible,  with 
the  natural  conesquence  that,  with  but  few  excep- 
tions, these  districts  are  confined  within  the  limits  of 

Edward  Hammond,  a  resident  of  Weippe  prairie, 
and  a  graduate  of  St.  Xavier's  College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
was  the  first  school  superintendent  of  Shoshone  county. 
The  first  school  established  in  the  county  was  at  Pierce 
City,  in  a  small  log  .cabin  on  West  Main  street,  taught 
by  Mr.  Hammond.  It  was  a  subscription  school,  and 
the  total  attendance  did  not  exceed  half  a  dozen  pupils. 
The  second  term  was  taught  by  Edward  Scott,  an 
Englishman,  formerly  of  Lewiston,  and  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Emory  Watkins.  This  was  in  1879.  In 
1883  a  school  district  was  created,  and  in  1895  the 
present  school  house  was  erected  in  Pierce  City.  On 
the  authority  of  Frank  Gaffney,  a  resident  of  the  lat- 
ter town,  it  may  be  stated  that  the  first  school  taught 
at  Weippe,  a  private  institution,  was  in  charge  of  Ed- 
ward Hammond,  in  a  small  log  building  beween  the 


j  Gaffney  and  Anderson  places,  about  1883-84.  The 
term  was  three  months  in  length,  and  Mr.  Hammond 
was  paid  by  subscription.  There  were  six  or  seven  pu- 
pils. M.  L.  Butler  was  the  second  teacher.  Of  the 
Pierce  City  district,  No.  i,  in  1879,  Patrick  Gaffney 
and  C.  D.  Jones  were  trustees. 

The  growth  of  the  educational  interests  of  Sho- 
shone county  may  be  satisfactorily  shown  by  the  two 
contrasting  reports  of  school  superintendents.  That 
of  Superintendent  Hammond,  from  September  I, 
1882,  to  August  31,  1883,  the  original  report  of  the 
county  shows,  as  follows:  Total  number  of  children 
of  school  age  in  the  county,  12;  girls,  4,  boys,  8. 
School  months  during  the  year,  7^.  Number  of 
scholars,  10 :  schools,  i ;  districts,  i ;  buildings,  i ; 
teachers'  salaries,  $501.25 ;  incidental  expenses, 
$46.45.  During  the  succeeding  year  the  school  term 
dropped  to  three  and  one-half  months,  ten  scholars, 
and  teachers'  salaries  of  only  $273. 

The  report  of  Mrs.  Helen  L.  Young,  Shoshone 
county  school  superintendent  for  1902,  is  as  follows: 

Report  for  the  year  ending  August  31,  1902.  The  report 
for  1903  will  show  a  slight  increase  all  along  the  line,  but 
the  following  figures  are  for  the  year  1902 :  Number  of  dis- 
tricts, regular,  29;  independent,  2,  31.  School  houses,  29; 
independent,  2,  31.  Graded  schools,  5^  independent,  2,  7. 
Ungraded  schools,  24;  teachers  employed— male,  12;  female, 
41;  average  monthly  wages— males,  $85.01;  females,  $72. 
Number  of  children  between  the  ages  of  five  and  twenty-one 
years  (white),  males  1,252;  females,  1,196;  colored,  males, 
2;  females,  8.  Number  of  children  enrolled  for  the  year- 
males,  1,112;  females,  1,021;  average  daily  attendance  for 
the  year,  1,297;  per  cent  enrolled,  85.1 ;  per  cent  of  attendance, 
66.  Average  number  of  months  of  school  for  all  districts, 
201 ;  average  number  of  months  of  school  per  district,  6.5. 


JUDGE  ISRAEL  B.  COWEN. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 

SHOSHONE  COUNTY 


JUDGE  ISRAEL  B.  COWEN.  No  man  in  the 
entire  mining  regions  of  northern  Idaho  is  better  known 
than  Judge  Cowen,  and  surely  no  man  is  more  popular 
and  more  highly  esteemed  than  is  he.  Since  the 
earliest  days  of  discoveries  in- the  Pierce  country  until 
the  present  he  has  been  more  or  less  identified  with 
the  district  and  has  been  in  constant  public  service, 
holding  the  highest  offices  the  people  were  empowered 
to  grant.  In  all  this  career,  both  of  public  service  and 
private  enterprise,  Judge  Cowen  has  been  characterized 
with  those  moral  virtues  and  the  intrinsic  worth  which 
is  the  part  and  parcel  of  the  true  man  and  loyal  citizen. 
Israel  B.  Cowen  was  born  in  Buncombe,  Lafayette 
county,  Wisconsin,  on  August  22,  1828,  the  son  of 
Israel  B.  and  Mary  K.  (Kinney)  Cowen.  The  father 
was  of  Scotch  ancestrage  and  was  born  in  Vermont 
in  1789.  The  family  has  been  in  the  United  States  for 
eight  generations  and  noble  representatives  fought  in 
the  war  of  independence  and  the  struggle  of  1812.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  in  1800.  When 
this  son  was  five  the  family  removed  to  where  Warren, 
Illinois,  now  stands,  and  there  he  was  educated  and 
reared.  On  April  13,  1849,  our  subject  left  Galena, 
Illinois,  with  a  train  of  immigrants  for  the  west,  and 
via  Council  Bluffs,  Salt  Lake  and  so  forth  they  made 
.  their  way  to  Webberville,  Eldorado  county,  California, 
and  young  Cowen  at  once  went  to  mining  for  himself. 
He  continued  for  thirteen  years,  also  teaching  school 
for  three  months  in  1853.  Then  he  went  via  steamer 
to  Portland  and  Lewiston,  landing  at  the  latter  place 
May  27,  1862.  He  went  over  the  trail  on  foot  to 
Pierce  and  mined  until  1863,  when  he  carried  express 
for  a  year  to  Lewiston,  making  weekly  trips.  Then 
he  mined  until  January  i,  1866,  and  the  following  June 
was  elected  sheriff  of  Shoshone  county.  He  served 
with  acceptability  for  two  years  and  was  then  elected 
his  own  successor,  serving  until  1871.  During  his 
administration  the  foreigners  were  all  taxed  five  dol- 
lars per  month  to  mine  in  this  district.  After  this 
incumbency  Mr.  Cowen  mined  until  August,  1872, 
when  he  visited  his  old  home  in  Wisconsin  and  Illinois 
and  also  went  to  Indian  Territory,  Texas  and  on  to 
California,  then  returned  to  Los  Angeles  and  Prescott, 


Arizona,  and  then  made  his  way  to  Pierce  again.  He 
went  to  mining  again  and  soon  bought  ground  and  built 
a  ditch  twelve  miles  long.  He  continued  operating  this 
property  until  1893,  when  he  sold  it,  and  since  that 
time  has  devoted  himself  to  quartz  mining.  In  1875 
Judge  Cowen  was  selected  county  commissioner  of 
Shoshone  county.  In  1880  he  was  elected  to  the  legis- 
lature and  again  in  1884.  In  1900  he  was  elected 

elected.  He  has  been  probate  judge  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  also  justice  of  the  peace.  From  1866  to 
1872  Judge  Cowen  was  postmaster  at  Pierce.  It  is 
significant  that  Judge  Cowen  was  a  Republican  in  prin- 
ciple long  before  the  party  was  organized.  He  owns 
considerable  property  in  Pierce  and  other  places.  Thus 
it  is  seen  that  he  has  been  one  of  the  foremost  and 
prominent  men  of  this  district  for  many  years  and  in 
various  capacities,  some  of  them  grave  with  responsi- 
bility, he  has  served  his  constituency  in  faithfulness 
and  with  efficiency,  and  now,  in  the  years  of  the  golden 
period  of  his  life,  he  is  surrounded  with  many  friends 
and  far  and  near  everyone  has  a  good  word  for  the 
venerable  judge  and  wise  and  patriotic  citizen. 


JESSE  FREEMAN,  who  is  now  one  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  Senate  saloon  at  Mace,  is  one  of  the 
skilled  and  leading  miners  of  the  district  and  has  had 
ample  experience  in  the  science  of  unearthing  the  pre- 
cious metals  from  their  resting  places  to  give  him  the 
skill  and  success  he  has  attained  in  the  art.  He  was 
born  in  Indiana,  on  September  11,  1869,  the  son  of 
John  and  Harriet  (Raper)  Freeman,  natives  of  In- 
diana also.  The  father's  parents  came  of  English  and 
French  stock  and  were  native  to  Virginia.  The  moth- 
er's parents  were  natives  of  Maine.  Our  subject's  per- 
ents  live  in  Illinois.  He  was  raised  and  educated  in 
Illino 
Whe 


s  ve  n  nos.  e  was  rase  an  eucae 
nois  principally,  receiving  a  high  school  training. 
When  nineteen  he  started  out  in  the  world  for  himself 
and  for  a  time  worked  in  the  Springfield  roller  mills. 
Then  he  turned  his  attention  to  mining  and  for  twelve 
years  he  followed  it  assiduously.  He  has  held  var- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ious  positions  in  the  work,  as  shift  boss,  foreman  and 
so  forth.  He  was  shift  boss  of  the  Ibex  mine  in  Colo- 
rado two  years,  superintended  the  Morning  Star  mine 
in  Webb  City,  Missouri,  and  also  the  New  England 
mine  in  Galena,  Kansas.  He  has  also  been  engaged 

came  to  CoeuT'd'AJene  country5  from  Webb  City"  in 
1901  and  accepted  a  position  in  the  Standard  until 
April,  1902,  when  he  entered  the  saloon  business. 
Later  he  sold  an  interest  to  Harmon  Carlyle  and  to- 
gether they  handle  the  business  today.  Mr.  Freeman 
has  one  sister,  Mary  E.  Houston. 

On  September  2,  1895,  at  Webb  City,  Missouri, 
Mr.  Freeman  married  Jennie  B.,  daughter  of  James 
and  Sarah  J.  (Hoops)  Gunning,  natives  of  Ohio.  The 
father  served  three  years  in  an  Ohio  regiment  during 
the  Rebellion  and  died  in  1899.  The  mother  still  lives 
in  Jasper  county,  Missouri.  Mrs.  Freeman  has  three 
brothers  and  one  sister,  Clarence  E.,  Seymour,  Will- 


I.  O.  O.  F.  and  in  political  matters  he  is  untrammelled 
by  the  tenets  of  any  party  and  is  an  independent  thinke/-. 


HON.  WILLIAM  H.  CLAGETT.  Perhaps  no 
one  of  the  early  stalwart  and  worthy  pioneers  was  bet- 
ter known  and  respected  than  the  subject  of  this  arti- 
cle. In  every  line  ,of  life,  Judge  Clagett  stood  for  true 
principles  and  high  ideals  both  in  private  and  political 
life;  at  all  times,  and  on  all  questions  he  ranked  the 
purity  and  integrity  of  the  home  and  national  life  as 
one.  and  honesty  and  justice  as  their  mighty  bulwarks. 

William  Horace  Clagett  was  born  in  Prince  Georges 
county,  Maryland,  September  21,  1838.  His  ancestors 
dating  back  to  the  time  of  William  of  Normandy  were 
of  ancient  English  stock.  They  came  to  the -new 
world  with  Lord  Baltimore  and  received  from  him  a 
land  grant  which  included  nearly  all  of  what  is  now 
Marlboro  and  Prince  Georges  county,  Maryland.  His 
father,  Thomas  William  Clagett,  an  abolitionist  in 
advance  of  his  generation,  removed  to  Keokuk,  Iowa, 
in  1850,  and  became  district  judge.  Later,  as  editor 
of  the  Constitution,  he  dealt  forceful  blows  against 
the  monster,  slavery,  and  during  the  Civil  war  was  sub- 
jected to  mob  violence  at  the  hands  of  southern  sym- 
pathizers. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in  Keokuk 
and  at  the  Albany  Law  School  of  New  York,  and  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1858.  In  1861  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  Carson  City,  Nevada,  and  later,  in  Humbolt,  rose 
to  distinction  in  his  chosen  profession.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Nevada  territorial  house  of  representatives 
in  1862  and  reelected  in  1864  upon  the  admission  of 
the  state. 

In  1864  he  stumped  Nevada  on  the  Republican  ticket 
which  elected  William  M.  Steward  as  United  States 
senator  and  in  this  campaign  made  the  reputation  as  a 
political  speaker  which  won  for  him  the  title  of  "the 
silver  tongued  orator  of  the  west,"  which  soubriquet 
he  justly  held  throughout  the  whole  northwest  for 
nearly  forty  years. 


In  1866  he  removed  to  Montana  and  was  ele 
delegate  to  congress  from  that  territory  in  1870.  For 
some  years  he  has  taken  ah  active  political  part  in  t 
Mormon  question  and  while  in  the  National  Legisla- 
ture, thrilled  the  nation  with  eloquent  speeches  against 
the  Mormon  church,  against  its  distinctive  religious 
tenet  of  polygamy  and  against  the  atrocities  committed 
in  the  name  of  the  church  upon  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren. Years  after  when  the  Edmunds  bill  was  passed 
which  •  abolished  polygamy  these  speeches  were  re- 
called and  Mr.  Clagett  was  frequently  alluded  to  as  the 
originator  of  the  movement  which  culminated  in  the 
Edmonds  law.  He  was  one  of  the  original  drafters 
of  the  bill  and  procured  its  passage,  which  established 
the  present  National  Park  at  the  head  waters  of  the 
Yellowstone.  The  preservation  of  this  park,  now 
famous  as  a  land  of  wonder  the  world  over,  should 
alone  entitle  Mr.  Clagett  to  high  rank  in  the  history  of 
the  northwest.  He  also  secured  the  passage  of  the 
mineral  land  act  of  1872  and  assisted  in  other  impor- 
tant mining  laws;  introduced  the  bill  establishing  the 
United  States  assay  office  at  Helena  and  later  was  as- 
sociated with  James  A.  Garfield  (afterwards  president) 
as  especial  United  States  counsel  in  several  prosecu- 
tions for  frauds  in  the  Indian  service  and  in  appor- 
tionments of  Indian  reservations  throughout  Montana. 

In  1872  he  was  a  candidate  for  reelection  but  was 
defeated  largely  through  the  hospitality  and  instrumen- 
tality of  the  Mormons.  He  removed  to  Deadwood, 
Black  Hills  in  1877,  where  for  five  years  he  won  dis- 
tinction as  a  prominent  and. most  successful  lawyer, 
winning  some  of  the  most  noted  cases  in  mining  liti- 
gation which  have  ever  been  appealed  to  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court.  After  the  discovery  of  gold 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  in  the  winter  of  1883-4 
Judge  Clagett,  then  a  resident  of  Portland,  stampeded 
into  the  new  bonanza  field,  locating  at  Eagle  City. 
When  the  rich  strikes  were  made  on  Prichard  creek, 
Mr.  Clagett's  cabin  was  the  first  one  put  up  in  Mur- 
ray. Here  ample  opportunity  was  afforded  for  him  to 
show  forth  the  rich  kindness  and  generosity  of  his 
nature  and  many  a  sick  frontiersman  owes  his  life  to 
the  tender  nursing  and  hospitable  care  received  at  1 
hands.  It  became  a  veritable  hospital  to  those  suffer- 
ing from  exposure  and  deprivation.  Possessing  some 
practical  knowledge  of  medicine,  Mr.  Clagett  was  the 
first  to  extend  a  helping  hand  to  sufferers  of  that  win- 
ter, and  in  their  hearts  tender  memories  will  ever  dwell. 
He  was  president  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  Idaho  in  1889  and  to  his  advice  is  largely  due  many 
of  the  wisest  features  of  the  Idaho  constitution.  In 
1891  he  made  the  fight  for  United  States  senator  against 
Senator  Dubois  but  the  latter  was  declared  elected.  He 
contested  Dubois'  election,  had  the  privilege  of  the 
United  States  senate  chambers  and  in  his  own  behalf, 
made  a  speech  and  argument  that  astonished  the  vener- 
able senators.  Dubois  however  retained  his  seat.  He 
was  again  candidate  for  the  senate  from  Idaho  in  1895 
but  was  defeated  by  Heitfeldt.  Friends  and  foes  alike 
unite  in  believing  he  was  too  uncompromising  to  suc- 
ceed in  politics.  His  motto  was  "win  honestly  or  die 
game ;"  political  intrigue,  policy  or  expediency  were 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1067 


unused  weapons  in  his  campaigns,  and  state  and  na- 
tional questions  were  ever  handled  by  him  from  the 
ethical  standpoint  instead  of  along  party  lines.  A  nat- 
ural reformer  wherever  he  was,  he  advocated  and 
fought  for  changes  and  measures  to  make  things  bet- 
ter. His  earnestness  and  sincerity  won  for  him  the  ad- 
miration and  devotion  of  many  friends  and  even  his 
enemies  had  for  him  a  genuine  respect. 

From  1895  to  1901  he  traveled  much  for  his  health 
and  practiced  law  in  Spokane,  Washington,  in  which 
place  he  died  at  the  home  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Mabel 
C.  Lucas,  on  August  4,  1901. 

In  1861  Mr.  Clagett  married  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Hart 
of  Keokuk,  a  niece  of  Oliver  P.  Morton,  the  famous 
war  governor  of  Indiana.  She  survives  her  husband 
and  resides  in  Portland,  Oregon.  Of  the  nine  chil- 
dren born  to  this  union,  eight  are  living  and  are  named 
as  follows:  Dr.  Mary  Clagett  of  Chicago;  Ida  B. ; 
Emma  G. ;  Mabel  C.  Lucas  of  Spokane,  Washington ; 
Thomas  W.  of  Sunset,  Washington;  George  D.  of 
Nome,  Alaska;  William  H.  of  Wallace,  Idaho;  Grace 
Clagett  of  Portland,  Oregon. 

In  a  tribute  to  his  memory,  a  friend  of  forty  years 
says  of  him:  "He  will  always  be  remembered  as  an 
historic  character  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  great  north- 
west and  when  in  future  years,  the  west  shall  build 
a  Hall  of  Fame  for  her  immortals,  in  a  niche  where  the 
sunlight  falls  softest  there  should  be  placed  a  statue  of 
William  H.  Clagett." 


LEWIS  L.  SWEET,  in  company  with  O.  M.  Grant, 
handles  the  Wallace  hotel,  the  leading  hostelry  of  the 
city.  His  past  experience,  genial  manner,  and  untir- 
ing care  for  the  comfort  of  guests,  enable  him  to  man- 
age a  popular  and  first  class  house,  which  is  appre- 
ciated by  a  traveling  public. 

Lewis  L.  Sweet  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  on 
March  21,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Ambrose  M.  and 
Maria  (Buckbee)  Sweet,  natives  of  New  York.  The 
father  was  engaged  by  the  government  to  construct 
railroads  during  the  Civil  war  and  he  was  wounded  by 
guerrilla  bands.  He  died  in  1896,  aged  seventy-five. 
Three  of  his  brothers  had  sons  in  the  war  and  one, 
Horace,  died  in  Andersonville.  The  Sweet  family 
is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  prominent  of  colonial 
days.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  of  English 
ancestry  and  died  in  1887.  aged  fifty-eight.  Our 
subject  "was  reared  on  a  Pennsylvania  farm  until  twelve 
and  then  went  with  the  family  to  Michigan.  He  fin- 
ished his  education  in  the  graded  and  the  Brighton 
Union  schools.  When  eighteen,  he  entered  the  lum- 
ber business  and  followed  it  steadily  for  six  years.  In 
the  spring  of  1881  Mr.  Sweet  came  to  the  Salmon 
river  mines  and  did  mining,  transporting  ore  and  ma- 
chinery, handled  the  amalgamating  in  a  large  mill  for 
ten  years  and  then  went  to  Portland  and  took  up  the 
meat  business  for  a  time.  Thence  he  came  to  Wallace 
with  a  horse  and  cart  and  an  invoice  showed  him  pos- 
sessed of  two  dimes  when  he  landed  here.  This  was 
in  the  fall  of  1891.  Later  he  opened  a  saloon  in  Gem 
with  Wm.  R.  Stimson  as  partner,  which  they  closed 


vhen  the  strike  came  on. 
i  opened  the  bimetallic 


He  prospected  awhile  and 
hotel  and  bar  in  Wallace  and 

later  operated  the  old  Utley  house.  In  August,  1894. 
Mr. 'Sweet  went  to  the  Clearwater  placers  and  came 
thence  on  snow  shoes  in  the  dead  of  winter.  He  oper- 
ated a  saloon  in  Kingston,  worked  for  Al  Steers,  ran 

and  cigar  store  in  Gem  and  in  1898  opened  a  bar  and 
restaurant  in  the  Jones  and  Dean  block.  On  April  I, 
1901,  he  sold  out  and  took  charge  of  the  Wallace  hotel, 
where  we  find  him  at  present  handling  a  good  trade. 
Mr.  Sweet  has  three  brothers,  George  W.,  Eugene  W., 
and  Melvin  M. 

On  January  8,  1891  Mr.  Sweet  married  Laura  E. 
Jones,  whose  family  all  live  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  ex- 
cept her  father,  who  is  dead.  Mr.  Sweet  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Custer  Lodge  No.  21 ;  of  the  Custer 
Encampment  Lodge  No.  10 ;  of  the  Rebekahs ;  of  the 
Eagles,  Wallace  Aerie,  No.  54,  being  past  president ; 
of  the  I.  O.  R.  M.,  being  past  sachem  of  Lakota  Tribe 
No.  13:  of  the  Foresters  of  America,  being  past  chief 
ranger  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Lodge  No.  9.  M'r. 
Sweet  is  treasurer  of  the  board  of  trade  and  of  the  fire 
department.  He  is  popular  and  stands  well,  having 
a  host  of  warm  friends. 


SAMUEL  NORMAN  is  one  of  the  old  pioneers 
of  the  Eagle  excitement  times  and  has  mined  all  through 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  with  varying  success,  while 
also  he  has  travelled  all  o'ver  the  west  and  wrought  in 
various  capacities.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey  on 
October  31,  1862,  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Emma 
(Harker)  Norman,  natives  of  Norway  and  New  Jer- 
sey, respectively.  The  father  was  a  machinist  on  a 
Cuban  sugar  plantation  and  died  just  before  our  sub- 
ject was  born.  The  mother  then  married,  when 
subject  was  four,  Edward  L.  Stratton.  whose  father 
was  a  United  States  congressman.  The  mother's  en- 
cestors  were  American  patriots  for  generations  back, 
served  in  the  Indian  troubles,  fought  in  the  Revolution 
and  in  the  war  of  1812.  Mr.  Stratton  fought  in  the 
Civil  war  and  lost  a  leg  in  the  battle  of  Chancellors- 
ville.  They  now  dwell  at  Mellica  Hill,  New  Jersey. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  state,  gained  a 
public  school  education  and  when  eighteen  came  west, 
having  promised  his  mother  to  write  to  her  once  every 
week  and  come  back  when  twenty-one.  He  was  in 
Colorado,  rode  the  range,  went  to  Montana,  was  en- 
gaged variously,  was  quarantined  for  smallpox,  which 
proved  to  be  chicken  pox,  then  fell  in  with  Hoffman  of 
Spokane  and  they  rode  handcar  and  walked  seeking  a 
job,  worked  on  a  farm  and  then  our  subject  went  home 
to  redeem  his  promise  and  after  a  two  weeks'  visit 
came  back  to  Montana  and  in  1884  came  with  a  com- 
pany to  Eagle  City,  hauling  freight  on  a  toboggan  and 
when  in  Murray,  on  April  i,  1884,  they  pitched  a  tent 
and  soon  had  located  a  claim  in  Dream  gulch,  our  sub- 
ject, Hoffman,  J.  A.  Alger,  Beck  and  another  one  being 
partners.  They  worked  on  a  ditch  to  get  a  start  and 
later  mined  and  after  a  summer's  work  they  cleaned 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


up  one  hundred  dollars.  Their  claim  was  jumped  but 
afterward  was  returned  to  them.  Our  subject  then 
went  to  Pendleton,  then  visited  an  aunt  in  Portland  and 
coming  back  to  Pendleton  found  some  of  the  old  part- 
ners and  they  decided  to  try  the  old  claim.  They  refused 
to  pay  a  man  t6  show  them  the  pay  streak  and  later 
found  it  and  took  out  as  high  as  one  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  per  day  to  the  man.  Several  thousand 
dollars  rewarded  their  work  that  summer  and 
then  our  subject  bought  a  farm  which  he  sold  later 
to  a  good  advantage.  .Since  that  time  Mr.  Norman 
has  given  his  attention  to  packing  and  mining  and  is 
now  mining  entirely.  He  is  a  well  known  and  ener- 
getic miner  and  skillful  in  the  art.  He  has  one  brother, 
Harry,  and  one  half  brother,  Edward  L.  Strattpn,  also 
three  sisters,  Sarah  M.  Harley,  Deborah  H.,  Emma. 

On  March  21,  1900,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Norman  mar- 
ried Miss  Annie  B.,  daughter  of  Gorge  and  Annie 
Johnson,  natives  of  Norway  and  now  deceased.  Mrs. 
Norman  has  two  brothers,  George  and  Bennett.  Mr. 
Norman  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  being  past  chan- 
cellor, and  of  the  Red  Men  and  the  Miners. 


FRED  H.  KELLY. "  Wallace  is  especially  favored 
with  a  corps  of  business  men  who  are  thoroughly  prac- 
tical and  of  wide  experience  in  the  walks  of  life;  one 
of  the  prominent  participants  in  the  commercial  and 
industrial  realm  here  is  mentioned  at  the  head  of  this 
sketch  and  a  detailed  account  of  his  career  will  be 
ciuite  in  place  in  the  history  of  this  county. 

Fred  H.  Kelly  was  born  in  Detroit,  M ichigan,  on 
April  2,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Fred  H.  and  Emma 
(Hafften)  Kelly.  The  father  was  born  in  New  York 
state  and  served  through  the  entire  Civil  war  as  cap- 
tain in  the  New  York  artillery,  and  was  active  all  the 
time.  He  was  wounded  in  the  leg  and  then  had  charge 
of  prisoners.  He  died. in  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1885, 
aged  seventy-two.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Germany,  came  to  the  United  States  when 
twelve  years  old,  married  in  New  York  state,  and  now 
lives  in  San  Francisco.  Our  subject  Was  educated  in 
the  graded  schools  and  when  he  was  fifteen  the  family 
removed  from  Chicago  to  San  Francisco  and  later  went 
to  Portland.  He  traveled  about  and  wrought  in  var- 
ious capacities  on  the  Pacific  coast  and  in  Mexico,  also 
making  three  trips  to  the  east  before  1895,  when  he 
settled  permanently  in  Wallace.  Since  that  time  Mr. 
Kelly  has  conducted  a  large. painting  establishment, 
where  he  also  deals  in  supplies  in  this  line.  He  does 
a  house  and  carriage  painting  business  and  has  done 
some  of  the  best  pieces  of  work  in  Wallace,  including 
the  finest  buildings  and  residences.  In  season,  Mr. 
Kelly  handles  about  fourteen  men  and  has  a  thriving 
business.  He  also  does  fine  sign  writing.  Mr.  Kelly  has' 
two  sisters,  Mrs.  A.  E.  Raleigh,  a  widow  residing  in 
.  San  Francisco :  Mrs.  F.  M.  Street,  in  Butte,  Montana, 
whose  husband  is  an  insurance  man. 

On  March  15,  1892,  Mr.  Kelly  married  Miss  Car- 
rie M.,  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Marple,  of 
Smartville,  California.  The  mother  is  deceased,  but 


the  father  is  following  his  trade  of  blacksmith  in  his 
home  town.  He  is  also  a  mine  owner  and  crossed  the 
plains  in  1848  with  his  wife  and  family.  Mrs.  Kelly 
has  five  brothers  and  one  sister,  Harry,  Samuel, 
Charles,  George,  Fred,  Mrs.  Fanny  Hapgood,  all  in 
Smartville.  Charles  has  just  returned  from  Manila, 
having  been  in  the  Eleventh  United  States  Regular 
Infantry.  Our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  have 
one  son,  Fred  B.,  aged  nine.  Mr.  Kelly  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  R.  M.,  Latoka  Tribe  No.  13,  being  sachem; 
of  the  Eagles,  Aerie  54,  being  president ;  and  is  the  pre- 
sent chief  of  the  fire  department,  having  served  one 
term  previous.  Mr.  Kelly  is  popular  in  his  fraternal 
relations  as  in  general  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  and 
highly  esteemed  men  of  the  city. 


THOMAS  N.  BARNARD.  A  thorough  gentle- 
man, a  fine  artist,  a  substantial  and  progressive  citi- 
zen, a  man  up  to  the  times  and  handling  the  leading 
gallery  with  a  choice  assortment  of  art  goods  including 
a  complete  and  excellent  collection  of  views  of  this 
coutry  which  he  has  made  himself,  we  are  consrained 
to  grant  to  Mr.  Bernard  a  representation  in  this  vol- 
ume as  one  of  the  leading  men  of  Wallace. 

Thomas  N.  Barnard  was  born  in  Belmont  county, 
Ohio,  on  November  30,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Narcissa  (Newport)  Barnard.  The  father  was 
born  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  and  came  with  his  people  to 
Wheeling,  West  Virginia,  when  he  was  eighteen  months 
old.  He  grew  up  there  and  followed  horticulture, 
having  one  of  the  best  and  the  first  nursery  in  that 
section.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ohio 
and  her  father  and  mother  were  natives  of  Pennsylva- 
nia and  Virginia,  respectively.  They  were  Quakers 
for  many  generations  back,  and  while  the  family 
would  not  carry  arms,  they  gave  liberally  to  the  Ameri- 
can cause  and  supported  it  with  enthusiasm  and  dur- 
ing the  Civil  war  were  strongly  Union.  Our  sub- 
ject was  raised  in  Iowa  until  nineteen,  graduated  from 
the  high  school,  then  went  to  Miles  City,  Montana  and 
worked  three  years  in  a  photograph  gallery.  In  1883 
he  came  to  Oregon,  visiting  Pend'leton,  Portland  and 
other  portions  of  the  Willamette  valley,  and  then  set- 
tled in  the  Horse  Heaven  country  in  Washington,  be- 
ing the  pioneer  of  that  section.  He  followed  ranching 
and  contracting  in  these  places  and  in  North  Yakima 
;md  in  1887  he  opened  a  gallery  in  Murray.  One  year 
later,  he  removed  to  Wardner  and  two  years  from  that 
date  he  came  to  Wallace.  He  opened  a  gallery  and  an 
art  store  and  in  the  great  fire  of  1890,  he  lost  all.  But 
with  enthusiasm  he  went  forward  and  erected  a  fine 
structure  at  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Cedar  streets 
and  here  he  is  carrying  on  his  business  at  present.  Mr. 
Barnard  makes  a  specialty  of  first  class  view  work  and 
has  some  choice  pictures.  He  has  one  brother  and  two 
sisters,  Charles,  in  Springview,  Nebraska;  Mrs.  R.  O. 
Manson,  in  Sibley,  Iowa ;  Mrs.  Frank  Murphy,  in  Cas- 
lana,  Iowa. 

In  March,  1888,  Mr.  Barnard  married  Miss  Laurel 
Larsen,  whose  parents  died  when  she  was  young.  She 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1069 


has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Charles,  a  prominent 
builder  and  lumber  dealer  in  Miles  City,  Montana ;  Mrs. 
L.  J.  Whitney,  in  Seattle,  Washington.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  our  subject  and  his  wife,  Enoch, 
Nathan,  and  William,  aged  thirteen,  seven,  and  six,  re- 
spectively. Mr.  Barnard  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P., 
Wallace  Lodge  No.  9,  being  past  C.  C. ;  of  the  Elks ; 
of  the  W.  W.,  Wallace  Camp  No.  279.  He  is  inde- 
pendent in  political  faith  and  binds  himself  to  the  tenets 
of  no  party,  preferring  to  be  untrammelled  in  his 
thoughts  on  the  questions  of  the  day.  Mr.  Barnard 
has  been  mayor  of  Wallace.  He  is  greatly  interested 
in  prospecting  and  mining  and  owns  valuable  inter- 
ests in  mining  properties  of  merit.  He  is  a  popular 
business  man,  handles  a  thriving  patronage  and  he  and 
his  wife  are  admired  by  many  friends,  being  held  in 
high  esteem  in  the  best  circles. 


ROBERT  C.  STUART,  who  is  master  mechanic 
at  the  Hecla  mine  at  Burke,  Idaho,  is  a  native  of 
Wythe  county,  Virginia.  In  due  time  he  matriculated 
in  the  Polytechnic  college  at  Blacksburg,  in  his  native 
state.  In  1895  he  took  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Sci- 
ence from  this  institution.  In  1898  he  came  west  and 
gave  himself  to  his  profession  of  civl  engineer.  In 
various  mines  and  different  districts  he  has  wrought 
with  distinction,  and  at  the  present  time  is  holding  a  re- 
sponsible position  as  stated  above. 


WILLIAM  J.  BRAND  is  well  and  favorably 
known  in  the  Coeur  ?l'Alene  country,  is  a  man  of  ability 
and  trustworthiness  and  has  won,  by  reason  of  real 
worth  and  meritorious  conduct,  the  esteem  and  confi- 
dence of  all  who  may  have  the  pleasure  of  his  acquain- 
tance. He  was  born  in  West  Virginia  on  December  1 1 , 
1866,  the  son  of  John  F.  and  Martha  (Deem)  Brand, 
natives  of  Virginia.  The  father  served  in  the  Re- 
bellion in  Company  E,  Thirteenth  West  Virginia 
Cavalry  for  three  and  one  half  years.  He  languished 
a  term  in  Libby  prison  and  finally  escaped.  He  now 
lives  in  Wood  county,  West  Virginia,  where  also  his 
wife  still  lives.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  dis- 
trict school,  then  took  a  complete  course  in  the  state 
normal.  While  taking  this  latter  course  he  spent  two 
years  in  teaching  and  subsequent  to  his  graduation,  he 
taught  for  three  years.  In  1891  he  came  to  Colorado 
and  went  to  mining.  Cripple"  creek  was  the  scene  of 
his  labors  for  a  time  and  then  he  took  the  foremanship 
of  a  large  irrigating  company  for  three  years.  After 
that  he  went  to  California  and  for  two  years  had  charge 
of  the  London  Gold  Tunnel  Company's  works  in  Shasta 
county.  Then  for  two  years  was  hoistman  in  the 
National  mine  for  the  same  company.  Next  we  see 
him  in  the  Standard  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and 
for  eighteen  months  he  was  shift  boss  and  for  the  past 
two  and  one-half  years  he  has  held  the  responsible 
position  of  foreman  of  the  Standard  mine  and  in  this 
capacity  has  shown  excellent  skill  and  ability  which 


commends  him  to  all,  while  his  integrity  and  upright- 
ness are  commensurate  therewith.  Mr.  Brand  has 
five  brothers,  Albert,  Emery,  Samuel,  Isaac,  Brady. 

On  April  30,  1900,  Mr.  Brand  married  Miss  Nel- 
lie, daughter  of  Edwin  and  Mary  (Hatton)  Markwick, 
natives  of  England  and  now  living  in  Redding,  Cali- 
fornia, where  his  marriage  occurred.  Mrs.  Brand  is  a 
native  of  California  and  has  two  brothers  and  one  sis- 
ter, Frederick,  Warren,  Mrs.  Lizzie  Tipton.  Mr. 
Brand  is  a  member  of  the  Elks  and  is  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican and  was  a  delegate  to  the  last  county  convention. 


GEORGE  E.  HOVEY,  an  intelligent  and  indus- 
trious young  man  of  Burke,  is  one  of  the  rising  busi- 
ness men  of  the  place,  and  is  held  in  good  standing, 
while  his  geniality,  capability  and  close  attention  to 
business  commend  him  to  all.  He  is  at  the  present 
time  assistant  postmaster  under  Mr.  Cogswell,  and  in 
this  capacity  he  transacts  the  business  of  the  portion 
dependent  upon  him  in  an  efficient  manner  and  dis- 
plays those  qualities  which  have  made  him  friends 
from  all  classes. 

George  E.  Hovey  was  born  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  on 
May  9,  1881,  the  son  of  George  and  Lena  (Schliff) 
Hovey,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  died  when  this 
son  was  an  infant,  and  the  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject fought  for  the  union  in  the  Civil  war.  The  mother 
married  Clement  J.  Howell,  a  contractor  and  builder 
of  Spokane,  where  they  now  dwell.  Our  subject  has 
two  brothers,  William  and  Edwin.  He  was  raised  in 
Toledo  until  fifteen,  attending  the  public  schools  of 
that  city.  At  that  time  the  family  came  to  Spokane 
and  he  came  with  them  and  there  he  completed  in  1900 
a  course  in  the  Blair  College.  Immediately  follow- s 
ing  that  he  came  to  Burke  and  took  a  position  with 
the  Tiger  mine  as  bookkeeper,  which  he  held  for  one 
year,  and  then  accepted  his  present  incumbency.  Mr. 
Hovey  is  a"n  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Elks  and  the 
K.  P.,  and  in  political  persuasion  he  is  a  Republican. 


AL  C.  CRAWFORD  is  a  popular  and  .successful 
business  man  of  Wallace,  whose  affability,  integrity 
and  courteous  treatment  of  all  have  given  him  a  first 
class  standing  and  the  reward  of  a  thriving  patronage 
in  his  shoe  store,  where  he  carries  a  complete  and 
choice  stock  of  the  best  goods. 

Al  C.  Crawford  was  born  in  Prince  Edward  Isl- 
and, Canada,  on  November  21,  1868,  the  son  of  John 
J.  and  Matilda  (Wallace)  Crawford.  The  father  was 
born  in  Prince  Edward  Island  of  Scotch  descent,  and 
died  in  Wallace  in  1900.  aged  eighty-two.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Nova  Scotia  and  died  in  Prince  Edward 
Island  in  December,  1898,  aged  sixty-four.  Mr.  Craw- 
ford remained  at  home  until  eighteen,  when  he  grad- 
uated from  the  high  school  and  then  came  to  Minne- 
sota. He  was  engaged  in  various  employments  there 
and  in  Dakota.  In  December,  1887,  he  went  to  Col- 
orado and  visited  the  leading  camps,  and  the  following 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


year  came  on  to  Portland,  Oregon.  He  was  with  the 
engineer  corps  on  government  work  for  a  year  there, 
and  1889  found  him  in  the.  Coeur  d'Alene  country. 
He  did -railroad  construction  for  a  year,  wrought  in 
the  mines  as  millwright  until  1896,  when  he  went  home, 
in  1899  he  returned  to  Wallace  and  bought  his  present 
business.  He  has  done  well  since  that  time  and  has  the 
leading  house  in  his  line  in  the  city.  Mr.  Crawford 
has  one  brother  and  four  sisters:  Ernest  E.,  a  min- 
ister in  the  Christian  church  at  Akron..  Ohio;  Hattie 
M..  living  with  subject;  Mrs.  R.  E.  Bagnall,  whose 
husband  is  genera!  agent  for  the  New  York  Life  In- 
surance company  in  Boston;  Mrs.  C.  D.  Bell,  whose 

and;  and  Mrs.  M.  F.  Callback,  in  Prince  Edward 
Island. 

Mr.  Crawford  was  married  on  January  i,  1902, 
to  Miss  Lillian  E.  Lay,  of  Tacoma.  Her  father  was 
a  prominent  attorney  in  Canada  and  died  when  young. 
Her  mother  lives  in'  Tacoma.  Mrs.  Crawford  has  one 
sister  and  two  brothers:  Lucia  M.,  holding  the  chair 
of  modern  languages  in  Whitworth  College,  Tacoma; 
Lynds  D.,  in  the  office  of  the  auditor  of  Pierce  county, 

Mr.  Crawford  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  Wallace 
1  odge,  No.  9,  being  past  C.  C. ;  of  the  B.  P.  O.  E., 
Coeur  d'Alene  Lodge,  No.  331  ;  and  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  Foresters  in  Canada. 


WILLIAM  F.  FRAZER  is  the  engineer  for  the 
Tiger  mine  in  the  compressor  department,  and  is  a 
substantial  and  well  liked  man,  capable  in  his  trade 
and  a  skilled  mechanic,  whose  broad  experience  and 
'  ability  vouch  the  best  results  of  the  craft  known  to 
the  age.  He  was  born  in  Watertown,  New  York,  on 
November  14,  1848,  the  son  of  ]dhn  and  Margaret 
(White)  Frazer.  The  father  was' born  in  Watertown 
and  his  parents  were  natives  of  Scotland.  He  died 
m  his  native  place  in  1895,  aged  ninety-seven.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Richmond,  Virginia,  and  died 
at  Watertown  in  1894.  aged  eighty-eight.  The  grand- 
father of  William  F.  was  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  1812. 
Our  subject  spent  the  first  decade  of  his  existence  in 
Watertown,  and  then  went  to  New  York  alone  and 
sold  papers  and  also  followed  other  occupations  until 
eighteen.  Then  he  went  to  Troy,  New 'York,  and 
served  three  vears  as  apprentice  in  the  Starbuck  iron 
works,  and  afterward  followed  his  trade  for  twenty 
\ears,  erecting  machinery  in  Troy  and  vicinity.  After 
this  he  went  to  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  and  for  six 
years  was  with  the  Ingersoll  steam  drill  works  and 
traveled  all  over  the  country,  installing  their  machinr 
ery  in  mines.  In  1873  Mr.  Frazer  went  to  Venezuela 
for  the  Orinoco  Exploring  and  Mining  Company  as 
master  mechanic,  and  spent  three  vears  in  that  capacity. 
In  1876  he  returned  to  eastern  Ontario  to  accept  the 
position  of  superintendent  of  the  Mississippi  Iron 
mines.  Three  years  later,  we  find  Mr.  Frazer  at  Fort 
William,  Ontario,  as  assistant  master  mechanic  of  the 
Canadian  Pacific  railroads  shops.  In  1888  he  was 


chief  engineer  for  the  Thomas  Iron  Company,  of  Du- 
luth,  Minnesota,  whence  in  1889  he  came  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country,  and  since  that  time  he  has  remained 
in  this  place.  He  spent  two  years  in  the  machine  shop 
and  then  took  his  present  position  in  the  compressor. 
Mr.  Frazer  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters :  Robert, 
Samuel,  James,  Mrs.  Margaret  Burns,  Mrs.  Mary 
Chamberlain. 

At  Troy,  New  York,  in  1866,  Mr.  Frazer  married 
Agnes  Hamilton,  a  native  of  Scotland.  She  died  in 
1873,  at  Troy,  and  no  children  survive.  At  Morris- 
town,  New  Jersey,  in  1875,  Mr.  Frazer  married  Kath- 
erine  E.,  daughter  of  John  G.  and  Martha  (Stevens) 
Schenck,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey, 
respectively.  The  father  came  from  Dutch  stock,  and 
the  mother  is  descended  from  one  of  the  oldest  families 
in  New  Jersey.  Her  father  was  a  patriot  in  the  war 
of  1812.  Mrs.  Frazer  was  born  in  Morristown.  Two 
children  have  come  to  bless  this  marriage,  Florence 
E.  and  Annie  E.  Mrs.  Frazer  and  her  daughters 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  church.  Mr.  Frazer 
has  a  four-acre  orchard  in  Clarkston,  Washington, 
and  eventually  intends  to  make  it  the  family  home. 


ALBERT  H.  FEATHERSTONE.  Shoshone 
county  is  not  lacking  members  of  the  legal  profession 
who  stand  with  the  best  in  the  state  of  Idaho;  the 
well  known  and  popular  young  attorney  mentioned  at 
the  heal  of  this  article  is  one  of  the  prominent  and 
capable  members  of  the  Wallace  bar,  and  during  the 
time  of  his  practice  here  he  has  demonstrated  him- 
self to  be  possessed  of  excellent  ability  as  a  first  class 
lawyer,  fortified  with  a  fund  of  legal  lore  and  given 
to  deep  study,  so  that  he  is  a  worthy  antagonist  to 
the  best  this  country  can  afford,  while  his  success  and 
intrinsic  worth  have  given  him  a  fine  clientage,  which 
is  constantly  increasing. 

Albert  H.  Featherstone  was  born  in  Goodhue  coun- 
ty, Minnesota,  on  October  27,  1869,  being  the  son  of 
William  J.  and  Helen  (Leavitt)  Featherstone,  natives 
of  Canada  and  Ohio,  respectively,  and  now  living  in 
Featherstone  township,  Minnesota.  Our  subject  was 
reared  in  his  native  place,  gained  a  primary  education 
in  the  public  schools  and  then  completed  his  literary 
training  in  the  state  university.  Following  this  he 
taught  for  four  years  and  then  took  a  thorough  course 
in  the  university  in  law,  receiving,  upon  his  graduation, 
the  degree  of'L.L.  M.  In  1898  Mr.  Featherstone 
came  to  Wallace  and  at  once  opened  an  office,  and 
since  that  time  he  has  been  constantly  gaining  a  fine 
practice  and  stands  today  one  of  the  substantial  men, 
1 /regressive  and  patriotic  citizens,  and  leading  attor- 
neys of  this  section.  Mr.  Featherstone  has  been  elect- 
ed justice  of  the  peace  on  the  Republican  ticket,  and 
has  been  deputy  sheriff.  He  has  two  sisters:  Mrs. 
H.  B.  Fryberger,  of  Duluth,  Minnesota;  Ora,  single, 
and  teaching  languages  in  the  Zumbrota  high  school, 
Minnesota. 

On  December  n,  1901,  Mr.  Featherstone  married 
Miss  Grace,  daughter  of  Leonidas  and  Julia  Poe,  for- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


merly  of  Cannon  Falls,  Minnesota.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Featherstone  are  popular  people  in  the  leading  circles 
of  society  and  are  admired  by  hosts  of  friends. 


JOHN  C.  BROWN  is  the  popular  and  efficient 
foreman  of  the  Hecla  mines,  having  arisen  to  that 
responsible  position  by  reason  of  real  merit  and  close 
attention  to  business.  He  stands  well  in  the  com- 
munity, is  popular  and  a  man  of  reliability. 

John  C.  Brown  was  born  in  Vandalia,  Illinois,  on 
October  13,  1871,  the  son  of  John  and  Margaret  (Mc- 
Afee) Brown,  who  now  dwell  at  Usk,  Washington. 
The  father  was  born  in  Ireland  and  the  mother  in 
Ohio,  and  is  of  Scotch  ancestry.  Our  subject  was 
reared  in  Illinois  until  seventeen,  gained  a  good  com- 
mon schooling,  and  then  came  west  and  went  to  work 
in  1889  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mines.  He  wrought  first 
in  the  Frisco,  then  in  the  Gem,  and  also  in  different 
properties.  He  held  different  positions,  being  shift 


on,  and  since  has  been  an 
imbent.  He  assumed  the 
lary  13,  1902.  Mr.  Brown 
sisters:  George,  Mrs.  R. 
1,  Bessie,  Margaret. 


:  Standard  fo  two  years,  after  which  he 
accepted  his  present  pos 
efficient  and  faithful  i; 
duties  of  foreman  on  J; 
has  one  brother  and  fou 
K.  Neill,  Mrs,  J.  H.  Ne 

On  August  6,  1896,  at  Friday  1  labor,  Washingtc 
Mr.  Brown  married  Miss  Lelia  L.,  daughter  of  L.  C. 
and  Celia  Larson,  natives  or  Norway  and  the  United 
States,  respectively.  Mr.  Larson  lives  in  Friday  Har- 
bor, and  devotes  himself  to  the  culture  of  fruit.  He 
is  auditor  of  his  county.  Mrs.  Brown  has  four  broth- 
ers and  six  sisters:  Clarence,  Loyal,  Roy,  Curtis,  Mrs. 
Fred  Nichols,  Edna,  Myrtle,  Ivy,' Beulah,  Floy.  Three 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown: 
Sherman  L.,  Margaret  M.,  Myrtle  V.  Mr.  Brown 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  is  a  man  of  excellent 
standing  among  the  people  and  has  displayed  those 
qualities  of  worth  which  win  success  in  the  business 
world. 


ANGUS  D.  MARSHALL  is  one  of  the  most 
thorough  mining  men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country, 
and  the  outline  of  his  various  labors  in  a  long  and 
active  career  in  this  industry  will  be  interesting  to 
all  readers  of  the  history. 

Angus  D.  Marshall  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  on 
April  i,  1853,  the  son  of  John  and  Wilena  (Douglass) 
Marshall,  natives  of  Scotland.  The  father  died  in  Cali- 
fornia when  this  son  was  young.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  pioneers  to  the  Golden  state,  and  wrought  at 
mining.  The  mother  died  in  February,  1902,  at  Far- 
go, North  Dakota.  Our  subject  was  taken  to  Cali- 
fornia by  his  parents  when  an  infant  in  arms,  gping 
thence  by  the  Isthmus.  In  California  and  Nevada  he 
was  reared  and  educated.  He  at  once  went  to  mining 
on  arriving  at  sufficient  age  and  in  all  departments 
of  the  art  he  has  continued  since.  He  has  mined  in 
all  the  prominent  districts  on  the  coast  and  in  central 
•western  United  States,  in  Mexico,  old  and  new,  and 


in  all  intervening  places.  In  1880  he  was  superinten- 
dent of  the  Silver  Ord  at  Leadville,  continuing  three 
years,  then  held  the  same  position  in  the  Lillian  also 
in  several  other  properties  there.  Next  we  see  Mr. 
Marshall  in  Montana  superintending  the  Granite 
Mountain  mine,  where  eight  years  were  spent.  He 
opened  .up  the  Monte  Christo  in  Washington  in  1893 
and  superintended  it  one  year,  then  was  with  the 
iVIarysville  mine  in  Montana,  then  handled  the  Drum 
Lummond.  being  in  charge  of  that  property  for  nearly 
seven  years.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Marshall  in  Burke, 
and  for  two  years  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Frisco. 
In  January,  1902,  he  accepted  the  superintendency  of 
ihe  Standard,  and  since  that  time  he  has  devoted  him- 
self to  this  property.  He  has  the  following  brothers : 
Henry,  James  W.,  John  R.,  Daniel,  George  G.,  Alex- 
ander, Dougall  L. 

At  Missoula,  Montana,  in  1890,  Mr.  Marshall  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  M.  Cumming,  a  native  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts.  She  has  one  brother,  William  C.  Four 
children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage :  Wilena  D., 
Georgie  G.,  Mildred,  John,  all  at  home.  Mr.  Mar- 
shall is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  also  the  R. 
A.  chapter,  the  K.  T.  commandery,  the  Nobles  of  the 
Mystic  Shrine,  while  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the 
O.  E.  S.  Mr.  Marshall  is  past  master.  He  is  Repub- 
lican in  political  persuasion  and  while  not  especially 
active  is  interested  in  the  welfare  and  advancement 
of  the  community  and  state. 


CARL  H.  MALLON,  an  intelligent  and  prosper- 
ous business  man  of  Wallace,  is  proprietor  of  the  Wal- 
lace brewery  and  bottling  works,  and  is  also  an  ice 
dealer.  He'was  born  January  2,  1844,  in  Russia,  but 
was  raised  in  Germany.  He  took  a  special  course  in 
chemistry  and  learned  the  brewing  business.  He  was 
back  and  forth  between  this  country  and  Germany  until 
1870,  when  he  was  conscripted  in  the  German  army, 
and  served  through  the  Franco-Prussian  war.  After 
the  close  of  the  war  he  came  to  the  United  States  and 
lived  in  Chicago  for  several  years,  engaged  in  the 
brewing  business,  and  in  1883  he  came  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country.  In  February,  1884,  he  opened  a 
brewery  at  Belknap,  on  the  state  line  and  it  was  the 
first  plant  of  its  kind  in  this  section.  In  May,  1884, 
he  removed  to  Murray  and  there  remained  until  1889. 
He  operated  the  first  brewery  and  bottling  works  in 
the  country.  At  the  last  date  mentioned  he  came  to 
Wallace  and  here  he  has  done  business  since,  being  a 
successful  man  and  doing  a  thriving  trade.  Mr.  Mal- 
lon  has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  living. 

In  1884  Mr.  Mallon  married  Maggie,  daughter  of 
Henry  and  Marie  Holts,  pioneers  of  Montana  in  1863, 
coming  across  the  plains.  To  this  happy  union  there 
have  been  born  five  children:  Minnie,  Pansy,  Rose 
Marie,  living.  One  of  Mr.  Mallon's  daughters  has 
a  very  valuable  stamp  collection,  worth  several  thou- 
sand dollars.  Mr.  Mallon  is  a  member  of  a  number 
of  different  fraternal  orders,  among  them  being  the 
Masons,  the  B.  P.  O.  E.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  the  I.  O. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


R.  M.,  the  Foresters  of  America,  the  Fraternal  Order 
of  Eagles.  Mr.  Mallon  is  very  popular  in  these  orders, 
as  he  is  in  his  standing  also.  Pie  has  been  chief  of 
the  fire  department  and  also  has  served  on  the  city 
council,  being  efficient  in  all  these  varied  .capacities. 


WILLIAM  H.  FARRELL  is  master  mechanic  at 
the  Standard  mine  at  Mace,  and  in  this  capacity  has 
rendered  excellent  service  for  a  number  of  years.  He 
*  was  born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  on  April  20,  1863,  the 
son  of  Henry  and  Margaret  (Hartrey)  Farrell.  The 
father  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1848  with  his  parents,  who  located  at 
Green  Bay,  Wisconsin.  His  grandfather  was  for 
many  years  master  mechanic  in  Liverpool,  and  when  he 
came  to  this  country  took  a  homestead  at  the  place 
mentioned  above.  Subject's  father  went  to  Cleveland 
when  eighteen  and  took  up  the  wholesale  oyster  busi- 
ness, which  he  has  followed  for  forty-five  years.  The 
mother  of  William  H.  was  born  in  Waterford,  Ireland, 
and  now  dwells  in  Cleveland.  Our  subject  was  raised 
and  educated  in  Cleveland,  and  when  seventeen  learned 
the  machinist  trade  at  the  Variety  iron  works,  and  then 
took  the  position  of  assistant  foreman  in  those  works, 
holding  the  same  three  years  until  1889.  Then  he  mi- 
grated to  Phillipsburg,  Montana,  where  he  continued 
at  his  trade  two  years.  Then  he  came  to  Wallace  and 
built  the  Coeur  d'Alene  iron  works  there.  He  managed 
them  five  years,  and  then  leased  and  later  sold  the  plant 
to  Taylor"  &  Whitlaw,  mentioned  in  this  work.  This 
was  in  1896,  then  Mr.  Farrell  accepted  a  positoin  with 
the  Tiger  people,  and  did  machine  work  for  two  years. 
Then  he  engaged  in  his  present  position,  and  for  six 
years  has  done  first  class  work  in  the  intricate  depart- 
ment of  which  he  has  charge.  Mr.  Farrell  has  four 
brothers  and  three  sisters:  Nicholas,  Charles,  Al- 
bert, John,  Mary,  Margaret  Morheim,  Ellen. 

At  Cleveland,  Ohio,  on  May  12,  1887,  Mr.  Farrell 
married  Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary 
(Daniels)  Morgan,  natives  of  Wales,  now  dwelling 
in  Cleveland,  retired.  The  father  was  a  puddler.  Mrs. 
Farrell  has  four  brothers  and  three  sisters:  Thomas, 
David,  William,  Garfield.  Rebecca  Leidenbach,  Mary 
Mawby,  Sadie  Matche.  Three  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Farrell :  Mary,  aged  thirteen ;  Ethel, 
aged  eleven;  William,  aged  seven.  Mr.  Farrell  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  and  a  charter  member 
of  the  Elks.  He  is  allied  with  the  Republican  party 
in  political  belief,  but  is  not  desirous  of  personal  prefer- 
ment. 


FRANCIS  M.  SALING,  a  substantial  and  thrifty 
farmer  and  stockman,  residing  seven  miles  north  from 
Weippe,  was  born, in  Missouri  on  November  17,  1836, 
being  the  son  of  Rumsey  and  Matilda  (Snow)  Saling, 
natives  of  Tennessee,  the  father's  parents  being  natives 
of  Tennessee,  but  the  mother's  ancestors  were  of.  Ire- 
land. They  died  in  Texas.  Mr.  Francis  Saling  was 
reared  in  Missouri  and  educated  in  the  district  schools. 


At  the  time  of  the  Civil  war  he  was  serving  in  Company 
A,  of  a  Missouri  regiment  of  the  Confederacy,  and 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Lexingon  and  also  in  many 
skirmishes.  In  1863  he  came  to  Montana  and  mined, 
and  the  next  year  he  pushed  on  to  Idaho,  mining  in 
Boise  basin  for  two  years.  Then  he  returned  to  Mis- 
souri and  remained  until  1870,  when  he  went  to  Collins 
county,  Texas,  and  dwelt  there  for  nineteen  years. 
His  business  was  raising  stock  and  farming.  In  1888 
he  came  to  the  Palouse  country  and  the  next  year 
found  him  penetrating  to  the  section  where  he  is  now 
living.  He  pre-empted  a  quarter  section  and  has  since 
devoted  himself  to  dairying,  raising  stock  and  farm- 
ing. He  has  now  thirty  cattle,  some  hogs  and  horses 
and  raises  much  hay.  Mr.  Saling  has  two  brothers 
and  three  sisters, — James,  a  stockman  in  Texas; 
Thomas,  in  Indian  Territory;  Malinda,  widow  of  Will- 
iam Moore,  in  Missouri ;  Emily,  wife  of  Frank  Dry, 
in  Indian  Territory;  Mollie,  wife  of  George  Gordon, 
in  Indian  Territory.  In  1868,  while  in  Missouri,  Mr. 
Saling  married  Miss  Susan  Snell,  who  died  in  Texas 
on  February  14,  1879,  aged  thirty-two.  Four  children 
are  the  fruits  of  this"  union —Ida,  wife  of  Jeff  Wilson, 
in  Texas;  Maggie,  wife  of  Hayden  Wilson,  in  Mis- 
souri ;  Granville  and  William,  with  their  parents. 

Mr.  Saling  celebrated  his  second  marriage  in  Texas, 
Sarah  Burcham  becoming  his  wife  this  time.  Her 
parents,  Enoch  and  Permelia  (Brooks)  Burcham,  are 
natives  of  Indiana  and  are  now  deceased.  Mrs.  Saling 
was  born  in  Bollinger  county,  Missouri,  on  June  5, 
1860,  was  raised  principally  in  Illinois,  whither  the 
family  went  when  she  was  eight  years  old.  Nora,  a 
granddaughter  of  Mr.  Saling,  has  been  adopted  into 
his  family  and  lives  with  them  now.  Mr.  Saling  is  a 
true  blue  Democrat  and  has  the  courage  of  his  convic- 
tions. He  is  a  substantial  and  reliable  man,  whose 
ways  of  uprightness  and  wisdom  have  given  him  the 
esteem  and  good  will  of  all. 


J.  A.  BRADY  was  born  in  Bollinger  county/  Mis- 
souri, on  August  17,  1839.  His  parents  were  natives 
of  Ireland  and  came  to  America  in  1838.  The  family 
removed  to  Palo  Pinto  county,  Texas,  in  1854  and 
took  up  the  cattle  business.  Our  subject  had  received 
his  education  in  his  native  place  and  in  Texas,  and  in 
that  state  started  out  for  himself  and  was  soon  in  the 
employ  of  the  Pecos  Land  &  Cattle  Company,  with 
whom"  he  wrought  for  seven  years,  being  one  of  their 
most  trusted  men.  He  lost  heavily  in  the  drouth  of 
1884  and  after  that  left  Texas  and  went  to  Woodward, 
Oklahoma.  After  some  time  there  he  went  to  North 
Dakota,  settling  in  Dickinson,  where  he  took  up  the 
cattle  business.  In  this  place  he  succeeded  well,  and 
on  August  17,  1902.  Mr.  Brady  removed  to  his  present 
location,  having  sold  his  interests  in  Dakota.  He  is 
on  Grain  meadow,  near  Weippe,  and  is  engaged  in 
farming  and  raising  stock.  Mr.  Brady  has  shown  a 
marked  spirit  of  enterprise  and  he  has  spent  a  large 
portion  of  his  life  on  the  frontier  opening  the  way  for 
the  civilization  of  the  east  to  come  in. 


MRS.  FRANCIS  M.  BALING. 


FRANCIS  M.  BALING. 


J.  A.  BRADY. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  Brady  has  four  sisters —Sarah  Markham,  liv- 
ing in  Palo  Pinto  county,  Texas ;  Nancy  C.  Gonce,  in 
the  same  county ;  Emma  Maxwell,  in  southeastern  Mis- 
souri;  Nellie  Stephens,  in  Alvarado,  Johnson  county, 
Texas.  Mr.  Brady  is  a  stanch  Democrat  of  the  Jeffer- 
sonian  kind,  and  is  deeply  interested  in  the  welfare  of 
the  county,  and  especially  this  community.  He  is 
filled  with  the  spirit  and  enterprise  of  his  ancestors, 
and  the  genial  ways  and  uprightness  which  are  char- 
acteristic of  him  have  made  him  hosts  of  friends  and  he 
stands  well  in  the  community. 


JOHN  H.  NORUQUIST.  In  every  human  breast 
there  is  a  feeling  of  joy  to  observe  true  grit  and  pluck 
succeed  in  encounter  with  the  obstacles  of  life.  Es- 
pecially is  it  gratifying  to  observe  the  young  man  of 
willing  hands  and  strong  heart  set  his  mark  high  in  life 
and  then  with  the  labor  of  his  hands  accomplish  the 
noble  results.  Such  a  one  is  the  gentleman  of  whom 
we  now  speak. 

John  H.  Norclquist  was  born  in  Sweden  on  Sep- 
tember 11,  1867,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Britta 
Norclquist,  both  natives  of  Sweden.  The  mother  is 
still  living  there,  but  the  father  died  in  .1877,  age^ 
forty-eight.  John  H.  received  a  primary  schooling 
in  his  own  country  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  came  to 
the  land  where  greater  opportunities  awaited  him.  He 
worked  in  Michigan  for  a  few  months  and  then  went  to 
Sandstone,  Pine  county,  Minnesota,  where  he  labored 
in  the  stone  sawing  mills  until  1888,  when  he  came  to 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  He  secured  employment 
in  the  Gem  and  steadily  followed  mining  until  1896, 
saving  his  money  carefully  that  he  might  accomplish 
the  ambition  of  his  life.  In  the  year  last  mentioned  lie 

:    went  to  a  Helena  business  college  a  year,  and  then 

.  made  his  way  to  Valparaiso,  Indiana,  where  is  the  well 
known  school  that  stands  in  its  line  of  work  second  to 

;  none.  He  took  up  a  civil  engineering  course,  and  his 
careful  study,  backed  with  natural  talent,  soon  placed 

I  him  in  possession  of  the  coveted  lore.  Two  years  in 
that  valued  institution  and  he  went  thence  to  the 
Houghton  School  of  Mines  in  Michigan,  where  he  com- 
pleted his  training  for  a  first  class  civil  and  mining 
engineer.  In  1900  he  made  his  way  back  to  Wallace 
and  hosts  of  warm  and  admiring  friends  were  ready 
to  welcome  his  return.  He  opened  an  office  in  partner- 
ship with  W.  A.  Hesse,  and  in  the  fall  he  was  elected 
county  surveyor,  running  ahead  of  his  ticket. 
In  the  spring  he  was  elected  city  engineer, 
and  in  1902  he  was  promptly  re-elected.  Each 
time  Mr.  Nordquist  ran  ahead  of  his  ticket,  thus 
demonstrating  his  popularity,  the  last  city  election  go- 
ing one  hundred  and  thirty-five  ahead.  He  was  nomi- 

I  nated  by  his  party,  the  Democratic,  for  state  mining 
inspector,  and  although  as  usual  he  went  ahead  of  his 
ticket,  he  was  defeated. 

Mr.  Nordquist  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister  in 
the  United  States,— Oscar,  a  millwright  in  the  Stand- 
ard mine ;  Albert,  railroading  in  Utah ;  and  Theresia, 
in  Montana.  ' 


Mr.  Nordquist  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
Porter  Lodge  No.  47,  in  Valparaiso ;  Wallace  Chapter, 
9,  R.  A.  M.;  Coeur  d'Alene  Commandery,  K.  T.,  of 
Wallace;  Scottish  Rite,  eighteenth  degree,  Wallace; 
Order  of  the  Eastern  Star;  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Chickwick 
Lodge  No.  5,  at  Valparaiso  ;  the  Order  of  Washington ; 
and  Scandinavian  Brotherhood.  He  has  been  dele- 
gate to  the  state  and  county  conventions  and  is  one  of 
the  stanch  and  influential  Democrats  of  the  state.  Mr. 
Nordquist  has  certainly  achieved  an  enviable  success, 
and  his  careful  labor,  wise  handling  of  the  resources 
placed  in  his  hands,  his  uprightness  and  his  steady 
adherence  to  business,  presage  a  bright  future  for  him. 

At  Spokane,  Washington,  on  January  26,  1903,  Mr. 
Nordquist  and  Miss  Laura  Sommers,  of  Kellogg,  Ida- 
ho, were  united  in  the  holy  bonds  of  matrimony.  They 
are  popular  people  and  have  hosts  of  friends. 


AXEL  SWAN  is  an  enterprising  and  energetic 
man,  as  the  following  will  manifest.  He  was  born  in 
Sweden  on  May  25,  1864,  the  son  of  Johnson  and  Lena 
(Erickson)  Swan,  natives  of  Sweden.  The  father 
died  in  1884,  but  the  mother  still  lives  in  her  native  land. 
She  was  born  in  1834.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
the  public  "schools,  completing  a  high  school  course. 
Then  he  worked  in  his  father's  brewery  until  eighteen 
when,  he  came  to  this  country.  He  went  to  work  in 
Minnesota  for  a  brick  maker  at  twelve  dollars  per 
month.  Later  he  spent  three  months  working  in  plas- 
tering and  then  got  thirty,  then  fifty  dollars  per  month, 
and  finally  four  dollars  per  day.  Then  he  commenced 
contracting,  and  the  money  received  from  that  he  used 
to  purchase  well  boring  machinery,  which  he  used  until 
1887,  three  years,  then  came  to  Spokane.  He  bought 
machinery  here,  but  it  would  not  work  on  the  gravel, 
so  he  laid  it  aside  and  dug  by  hand,  utilizing  nine  men. 
Among  others  he  dug  the  Lidgerwood  well  in  Spo- 
kane and  put  in  the  pumps.  Then  he  sold  and  opened 
a  butcher  shop,  which  lost  him  six  hundred  dollars. 
Then  he  tried  a  boarding  house  for  eighteen  months 
and  did  well.  He  took  a  claim  near  Moscow  and  later.  ' 
sold  his  right.  Then  he  bought  a  farm  near  Sprague 
and  sold,  making  five  hundred  dollars.  Next  we  sec 
Mr.  Swan  prospecting  in  Slocan,  then  he  bought  some 
good  property  in  Spokane  that  brought  a  rental  of 
eighty-two  dollars  per  month,  but  the  panic  coming  on 
he  lost  all.  After  that  he  came  to  Gem  in  1894  and 
worked  in  the  mines  until  the  strike  and  then  was  pros- 
pecting in  the  hills  for  a  time,  after  which  he  came 
to  work  again  in  the  mines,  but  later  located  a  water 
right  and  built  a  mill,  which  caught  fine  ore  that  paid 
him  and  his  partner  seven  dollars  each  per  day.  Lead 
went  down  and  he  sold  his  mill.  Unfortunately  for 
Mr.  Swan  he  lost  his  number  in  the  hospital  am!  so 
could  not  get  in  the  mine,  and  accordingly  he  started 
a  saloon  with  Gus  Carlson,  but  bought  him  out  later. 
He  continues  this  business  and  owns  mining  property 
in  the  Stevens  peak  country,  as  the  Petrolia,  Ninety- 
six,  Trade  Dollar,  Stanley,  The  Belle,  and  the  Tam- 
arack, besides  others.  Mr.  Swan  has  the  following 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


brothers  and  sisters :    John,  Albert,  Mrs.  Annie  Claw- 
son,  Mrs.  Alma  Peterson,  Ottillie  and  Sister. 

On  July  25,  1892,  Mr.  Swan  married  Miss  Annie 
Anderson,  a  native  of  Sweden.  Her  parents  are  both 
deceased.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Spokane,  and  Mrs. 
Swan  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters:  Charles, 
Eurich,  Mrs.  Annie  Ranstrom,  and  one  in  Sweden. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  union :  Dellner, 
Elsie,  Esther.  Mr.  Swan  is  a  member  of  the  Red  Men. 


WILLIAM  H.  HOOVER,  who  is  one  of  the 
rising  young  men  of  Gem,  is  at  this  time  holding  the 
important  position  of  bookkeeper  for  the  Frisco  mine, 
and  in  this  capacity  has  shown  good  business  ability 
and  a  reliability  and  efficiency  that  have  commended 
him  to  the  company  and  all  who  may  have  the  pleasure 
of  his  acquaintance. 

William  H.  Hoover  was  born  in  Windsor,  Mis- 
souri, on  July  5,  1879,  the  son  of  Winfield  S.  and 
Annie  (Fisher)  Hoover,  who  now  dwell  in  Spokane, 
and  are  natives  of  Maryland  and  Missouri,  respective- 
ly. Our  subject  attended  public  school  in  Montana, 
whither  his  parents  came  when  he  was  young,  and 
when  he  was  ten  the  family  came  to  Spokane,  and  in 
this  city  he  acquired  his  education.  He  completed 
the  high  school  course  and  also  a  business  course  and 
a  training  in  stenography  in  the  Spokane  business  col- 
lege. Then  he  accepted  a  position  for  the  Washington 
Mill  Company,  later  was  with  the  Shaw  Wells  Com- 
pany, and  after  three  years  in  that  capacity  he  was 
one  year  with  the  union  depot  company,  after  which 
Mr.  Hoover  took  a  position  with  the  Morning  Mine 
company.  Two  years  and  eight  months  he  could  have 
been  found  with  those  people  at  Mullan  as  their  book- 
keeper, and  in  November,  1902,  Mr.  Hoover  accepted 
his  present  position  and  since  that  time  he  has  con- 
tinued here.  He  is  an  efficient  accountant  and  stands 
well  in  the  community  and  is  entitled  to  and  receives 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all.  Mr.  Hoover  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister:  Ernest,  an  electrician  in  Spo- 
•  kane;  Pearl  F.  Mr.  Hoover  is  an  active  and  enthusi- 
astic member  of  the  Elks  in  Wallace,  and  is  also 
always  allied  on  the  side  of  upbuilding  and  progress. 


HARRY  P.  WARD.  This  popular  and  genial 
voting  business  man  of  Wallace  has  been  a  moving 
spirit  in  organizing  and  promoting  the  library  asso- 
ciation and  reading-  room.  He  conducts  an  under- 
taking and  embalming  establishment  and  is  a  skillful 

Harry  P.  Ward  was  born  in  Pioche,  Nevada,  on 
February  18,  1874,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Ade- 
laide (L'eCount)  Ward.  The  father  was  born  in  Eng- 
land, came  to  the  United  States  in  1862,  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alen  country  in  1886,  and  followed  the  undertaking 
and  furniture  business.  He  served  in  the  Civil  war, 
and  now  lives  in  Kansas  City.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  New  York,  and  died  when  Harry 


P.  was  an  infant,  she  being  then  thirty-two  years  old. 
Our  subject  was  raised  Jn  Reno  and  Carson,  Nevada, 
and  received  a  good  education  in  the  public  schools, 
and  completed  the  same  in  the  B.  &  S.  Commercial 
College  in  Boston.  He  also  learned  embalming  in 
Boston  from  the  Massachusetts  College  of  Embalm- 
ing. In  1890  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
and  joined  his  father  in  Wallace,  whither  he  had  re- 
moved from  Wardner.  In  1894  he  bought  out  his 
father,  and  since  then  has  conducted  the  business  her 
Mr.  Ward  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  A.  W.  Allen,  Jr.,  in 
Kansas  City. 

On  June  15,  1897,  Mr.  Ward  marired  Miss  Lizzie 
E.,  daughter  of  Harry  and  Elizabeth  Thompson,  resi- 
dents of  Wallace.  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  prominent  n  ' 
ing  man,  was  born  in  England  and  came  to  the  United 
States  when  an  infant.  He  has  been  a  prospector  for 
years  in  Montana,  and  is  now  interested  in  the  Stev- 

the  Montana  Pioneer  Society,  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.  Mrs. 
Ward  has  one  brother,  a  mechanic  in  Wardner.  and 
one  sister,  Florence,  at  home.  Politically  Mr.  Ward 
is  independent.  Fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Wallace  Lodge,  No.  33,  is  past  noble 
grand,  and  has  attended  the  grand  lodge  for  four 
years;  with  the  Coeur  d'Alene,  No.  331,  B.  P.  O.  E., 
being  treasurer;  with  the  I.  O.  R.  M.,  Kqotenai  Tribe, 
No.  3,  being  past  sachem ;  with  the  Foresters  of  Am 
ca,  Court  "No.  9,  being  past  chief  ranger;  with  the 
Order  of  Washington,  being  treasurer  of  the  Wallace 
Union,  No.  49:  with  the  K.  O.  T.  M.,'  Silver  Tent, 
No.  3.  Mr.  Ward  is  also  a  member  of  the  Shoshone 
Club,  and  is  a  popular  and  highly  esteemed  man. 


NATHAN  WITTNER.     This  stirring  and  pro- 
gressive business  man  is  conducting  a  real  estate  and  ', 
mining  brokerage  business  in  Wallace  and  is  one  of 
the  oldest  operators  in  this  line  of  business  in  the  city,  : 
and  enjoys  a  first  rate  patronage,  while  also  he  is  pro- 
moting  several    large   mining   properties. 

Mr.  Wittner  is  a  native- of  Germany,  and  was  there 
thoroughly  educated  in  the  famous  'Heidelberg  and 
Leipsic  Universities,  taking  a  special  course  in  chemis-  ; 
try.  Subsequent  to  leaving  the  university  he  was  em-J 
ployed  in  a  large  coalter  distillery  in  Manheim  and 
later  was  so  engaged  in  Leipsic.  In  1877  Mr.  Witt- 
ner came  to  the  United  States  and  after  a  short  stay 
in  New  York  he  pushed  on  to  San  Francisco. 
There  he  taught  a  private  school  for  eighteen  months, 
and  then  took  up  the  real  estate  business.  Later  he 
was  in  Portland,  and  in  January,  1884,  Mr.  Wittner 
made  his  way  into  Eagle  City.  He  prospected  until 
July  and  then  went  to  Murray  and  handled  the  business 
department  of  the  Idaho  Sun,  a  bright  newspaper  of 
the  day.  Later  five  years  were  spent  in  mining  and 
prospecting,  and  in  1887  he  was  appointed  deputy 
sheriff,  after  which  he  was  constable  and  also  justice 
of  the  peace.  In  1889  Mr.  Wittner  opened  a  real 
estate  office  in  Wallace,  and  he  has  transacted  business 
here  since  that  early  day.  He  has  promoted  several 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


properties  during  that  time  and  now  is  heavily  inter- 
ested in  the  O.  K.  Consolidated,  Giant  Mining  and 
Development,  the  Trail  Gulch  Gold  Mining  and  Mill- 
ing and  other  companies.  Mr.  Wittner  is  the  only 
member  of  his  family  in  this  country.  He  has  demon- 
strated himself  a  keen  business  man  and  possessed 
of  the  energy  requisite  for  consummating  good  enter- 
prises. 


JOHN  W.  EVIRS,  who  is  yard  foreman  for  the 
Tiger  &  Poorman  mine,  is  one  of  the  popular  men 
of  Burke,  and  a  man  whose  experience  in  various 
capacities  and  in  many  places  in  the  west  has  broad- 
ened and  fitted  him  for  the  responsible  position  he  now 
occupies.  He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  on  April 
25>  I853,  the  son  of  James  and  Margaret  (Regon) 
Evirs,  natives  of  New  Hampshire  and  Canada,  re- 
spectively. The  father  came  from  an  old  and  promi- 
nent American  family,  and  died  on  October  n,  1902. 
The  mother  had  died  some  years  previous.  Our  sub- 
ject remained  in  his  native  state  until  1873,  gaining 
his  education,  and  then  came  west.  From  that  time 
forward  he  has  been  in  various  capacities,  especially 
in  the  manufacture  of  lumber  and  has  wrought  all 
through  the  northwest.  He  was  in  Eagle  City  in 
1883  on  the  crest  of  the  wave,  then  went  to  Murray, 
later  to  Wardner,  all  the  time  handling  saw  mills. 
Jn  this  last  place  he  was  in  partnership  with  Messrs. 
Cameron,  Rutter  and  Hill,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
•work.  Later  he  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Cameron  and 
1885  went  to  Ashley,  now  Kalispel,  Montana,  where 
he  remained  until  1896.  Next  we  see  him  in  Ana- 
conda, and  two  years  later  he  went  to  Kaslo  and 
stepped  from  the  sawmilling  business  to  prospecting 
and  mining  for  a  year.  Thence  he  went  to  Philipsburg, 
.  and  next  to  Burke,  where  we  find  him  at  the  present 
ic.  For  a  time  after  coming  here  he  wrought  at 
carpentering  and  then  took  the  yard  foremanship  of 
the  Tiger  and  has  done  efficient  work  here  since  that 
time.  Mr.  Evirs  has  two  brothers  and  three  sisters: 
James,  Dennis,  Mrs.  Annie  Davis,  Mary,  Kate. 

On  September  29,  1888,  at  Kalispel/Montana,  Mr. 
Evirs  married  Mrs.  Clara  A.  Carroll,  daughter  of 
John  and  Mary  Hague.  Mrs.  Evirs  has  one  daughter 
by  her  first  marriage,  Dollie.  Mr.  Evirs  is  a  Republi- 
can and  while  not  desirous  of  personal  preferment  is 
always  on  the  side  of  advancement  and  progress. 


WILLIAM  R.  SWICEGOOD,  who  is  shift  boss 
in  the  Tiger,  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  Burke, 
being  a  man  of  excellent  qualifications,  both  by  na- 
ture's endowment  and  careful  training  and  is  the  re- 
cipient of  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all.  He  was 
born  in  Warrensburg,  Missouri,  on  October  19,  1866, 
the  son  of  James  and  Malinda  (Whitsitt)  Swicegood. 
The  father  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  Four  broth- 
ers came  from  Germany  to  this  country  in  1674  and 
settled  in  Gilpin  county,  North  Carolina,  and  our  sub- 
ject descended  from  one  of  them.  The  family  were 


all  prominent  American  patriots  and  fought  in  all  the 
struggles  for  the  advancement  and  independence  of  the 
colonists  and  in  the  war  of  1812.  Our  subject's  grand- 
father figured  in  these  wars  and  was  a  Lutheran 
preacher.'  The  father  and  mother  now  live  in  Joplin, 
Missouri,  he  being  engaged  in  mining  interests.  He 
served  in  the  Civil  war  and  was  captured  by  Price 
and  parolled.  Returning  to  Sedalia,  where  he  enlisted, 
he  went  from  Kansas  City  to  Walla  Walla  with  an  ox 
team,  then  mined  in  Alder  gulch,  doing  well.  The 
mother's  ancestors  were  a  prominent  American  family 
and  fought  in  the  Revolutionary  war  and  the  struggle 
of  1812.  Four  of  her  brothers  fought  in  the  Civil  war 
for  the  Union  and  one  uncle  was  in  the  Mexican  war. 
She  was  born  in  Missouri  and  her  parents  in  Ten- 
nessee. Our  subject  has  two  brothers,  James  and 
John.  William  R.  received  a  good  common  schooling, 
then  went  through  the  high  school  and  business  col- 
lege, and  later  took  his  degree  from  the  Rolla  School 
of  Mines  in  Rolla,  Missouri,  receiving  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Science  in  1890.  Following  this  he  su- 
perintended the  mines  at  Aurora,  Missouri,  and  later 
prospected  some  and  spent  several  years  in  Colorado 
and  Mexico.  It  was  1899  that  he  came  to  Wallace  and 
was  superintendent  and  manager  of  the  Custer  mine  for 
three  years.  On  December  i,  1902,  Mr.  Swicegood 
came  to  Burke  and  took  his  present  position. 

On  January  23,  1900,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Swicegood 
married  Miss  Josephine,  whose  father,  William  C.  Lof- 
tiu,  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  now  dwells  in  Jasper 
county,  Missouri.  Mrs.  Swicegood  has  two  brothers 
and  eight  sisters :  Barney,  William,  Mrs.  Minnie  Tip- 
ton,  Mrs.  Delia  Wright,  Mrs.  Florence  Mitchell,  Mrs. 
Isabel  Melton,  Chrissie,  Celia,  Edith,  Delia.  Mr. 
Swicegood  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  in  poli- 
tics is  tied  to  the  tenets  of  no  party  but  is  an  indepen- 
dent thinker. 


JEROME  F.  TACOBS  is  one  of  the  well  known 
business  men  of  Wallace  and  at  present  is  conducting 
a  popular  resort,  known  as  Jerome's  place.  He  was 
born  in  Portland,  Oregon,  on  January  12,  1853.  His 
parents  were  Hiram  S.  and  Nancy  (Olds)  Jacobs.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  New  York,  crossed  the  plains 
with  ox  teams  in  1847  to  Portland,  and  in  1864  re- 
turned to  New  York.  He  died  in  the  city  of  Mexico, 
in  1900,  aged  seventy-one.  He  was  a  well  known 
mining  man  of  the  early  days  in  Idaho,  Colorado, 
Utah,  South  America,  and  so  forth.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Michigan  and  now  lives  in. 
McMinnville,  Oregon.  Her  parents  were  early  pioneers 
of  Oregon,  crossing  the  plains  with  ox  teams  in  1847. 
She  was  married  in  Oregon.  Jerome  F.  was  raised  in 
Portland  until  1864  and  then  went  to  New  York  with 
his  parents,  where  he  completed  his  education  and 
studied  civil  engineering.  In  1868  he  went  to  Colora- 
do and  wrought  in  that  line  and  in  1871  Mr.  Jacobs 
came  to  Utah  and  followed  civil  engineering  and  the 
liquor  business  for  ten  years.  Thence  he  journeyed 
to  Nevada  and  returned  to  Utah,  and  in  1884  we  find 
him  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  Eagle  City  countrv. 


1076 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Later  he  went  to  the  Wood  river  country,  and  thence 
to  Fairhaven,  Washington,  where  he  remained  through 
the  boom  of  that  country.  It  was  1892  that  Mr.  Jacobs 
came  to  Wallace,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been 
one  of  the  active  business  men  of  the  place.  Mr. 
Jacobs  has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Martin  H., 
mining  inspector  of  Idaho;  Nettie  Ungerman,  in  Mc- 
Minnville,  Oregon. 

In  1885  Mr.  Jacobs  married  Miss  Josephine  Wheel- 
er at  Ketchum,  Idaho. 


WILLIAM  H.  SMITH  is  a  leading  citizen  of 
Burke,  a  successful  business  man  and  one  of  the 
progressive  factors  of  this  section.  He  is  cashier  of 
the  Bank  of  Burke,  and  in  addition  to  this  he  does 
a  real  estate  business  and  owns  and  rents  nine  dwell- 
ing houses  in  Burke. 

William  H.  Smith  was  born  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
on  January  27,  1863,  the  son  of  George  D.  and  Edith 
(Cashow)  Smith,  natives  of  Iowa.  The  father  crossed 
the  plains  in  1848  and  located  on  the  present  site  of 
Portland.  When  the  excitement  of  forty-nine  broke 
out  he  abandoned  his  claim  and  went  to  California. 
Four  years  later  he  returned  to  Oregon  and  opened  a 
harness  shop  in  Portland.  He  moved  to  Arlington 
in  1880  and  there  died 'in  1889.'  The  mother  came 

ried  in  Brownsville.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  Brownsville  and  when  twelve  came  with  his 
mother  and  step-father,  A.  A.  Keyers,  to  Palouse, 
where  he  remained  until  1895.  In  1895  our  subject 
went  to  Spokane  and  a  year  later  came  to  Burke.  He 
was  in  Mr.  Gardener's' store  for  a  year  and  a  half, 
and  then  was  postmaster  for  four  years,  and  in  connec- 
tion with  this  operated  a  cigar  and  stationery  store. 
In  addition  to  his  present  business  Mr.  Smith  is  secre- 
tary of  the  Henton  Mining  Company,  and  a  heavy 
stock  owner  in  it.  He  has  been  three  times  to  the 
county  convention,  and  was  central  committeeman  for 
four  years.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the  Elks,  of 
the  I.'O.  O.  F..  and  of  the  Redmen,  being  past  sachem 
of  the  last  order.  Mr.  Smith  has  one  brother,  Jesupa. 
In  January,  1889.  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss  Lizzie 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Murphy,  who  dwell  in 
Burke,  the  father  being  a  miner.  The  wedding  oc- 
curred in  Burke ;  they  have  one  child,  Francis.  Mrs. 
Smith  is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 
Air.  Smith  is  justice  of  the  peace  and  has  been  for 
three  terms.  He  was  also  notary  public. 


ELLIS  L.  HALE  is  the  master  mechanic  for  the 
Empire  State  mine  at  Burke  and  Wardner,  and  is  a 
man  whose  natural  qualifications  and  careful  training 
and  broad  experience  have  amply  fitted  for  this  re- 
sponsible position,  which  he  fills  with  acceptability. 

Ellis  L.  Hale  was  born  in  Virginia  on  April  13, 
1869,  the  son  of  John  and  Caroline  (Osborne)  Hale, 
natives  of  Virginia  and  descended  from  old  and  promi- 


nent families  of  that  state.  The  father  is  now  liv 
in  Texas  but  the  mother  died  in  1900.  Our  subject 
was  reared  in  Virginia  and  remained  in  school  until 
fifte'en,  then  apprenticed  himself  in  the  Baldwin  Loco- 
motive works  in  Roanoke,  Virgina,  to  learn  the  ma- 
chinist trade.  After  several  years  there,  he  we 
thence  to  Pocahontas,  Virginia,  to  the  coal  mini 
being  in  the  machinist  department,  where  also  he  £ 
quired  a  fine  training  in  mining  and  was  in  the  e 
tensive  shop  where  they  constructed  nearly  all  the 
machinery  used  in  the  mammoth  establishment.  Next 
we  see  Mr.  Hale  in  Bessemer,  Michigan,  operating  n 
diamond  drill,  after  which  he  was  in  the  coal  mines 
in  Red  Lodge,  Montana,  being  engineer  and  electrician. 
After  this  he  was  master  mechanic  in  the  Cumberland 
lead  mines  at  Castle  Mountain,  Montana.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1892,  he  came  to  Burke  and  was  master  mechanic 
seven  years  in  different  mines  and  in  October,  1898, 
he  retired  from  this  and  operated  at  Leadville,  Colora- 
do. Eight  months  later  Mr.  Hale  was  back  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  soon  held  the  posit 
where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time.  He  is  a  r 
thoroughly  posted  in  the  intricate  problems  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  is  a  valuable  addition  to  the  Empire  m 
agement.  Mr.  Hale  has  one  sister,  Ida  Hampton,  re- 
siding in  Virginia. 

On  July   15,   1892,  Mr.  Hale  married  Miss  Kate, 
daughter  of  Martha  Barnes.     The  father  is  deceased. 
Mrs.  Hale  is  a  native  of  Iowa  and  has  two  brothers, 
Robert  and  Arthur,  miners  in  Montana.     She  also  has 
one  sister,  Mrs.  Ellen  Torphey.     One  child  has  been 
born  to  this  couple,  Ellen.     Mr.  Hale  is  a  member  of 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  the  K.  P.,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  I 
He   is  a   Republican  and  always  has  been  and   is 
stanch  advocate  of  principles  held  forth  by  that  party  : 
and  is  able  to  give  a  reason. 


WILLIAM  R.  MILLER  is  the  manager  and  heav- 
iest owner  of  the  Burke  electric  light  works,  which  he 
is  operating  in  a  first  class  manner  at  the  present  time. 
The  plant  is  one  of  the  latest  and  is  in  every  respectjj 
up-to-date  and  first  class. 

William   R.   Miller  was   born   in   Nova   Scotia  on:! 
May  6,  1862,  the  son  of  Robert  and  Jane  (Murdoch!! 
Miller,  natives  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  descended  fromjj 
Scotch  ancestry.     They  now  reside  at  Kamloops,  Brit-  •  • 
ish    Columbia,"  the    father    aged    eighty-two    and    thej; 
mother  aged  seventy-five.     Our  subject  received  a'dis-jj 
trict  schooling  in  his  native  place  until  thirteen,  thenf; 
worked  on  the  farm  and  at  lumbering  until  twenty- 
four.    In  1886  he  came  to  Spokane,  thence  to  Wardner, 
later  to  Wallace  and  then  up  the  'canyon  to  Burke, 
where  he  has  been  engaged  since.     Mr.  Miller  mined 
in   the  Tiger  a  year,  then  operated   the   engine  until 
1892,    then    went    east    on    a    visit    of    seven    months. 
Upon  his  return  he  operated  the  engine  for  the  Poor-' 
man  until  the  Tiger  was  consolidated  with  it,  when  he 
went  to  the  Frisco  and  operated  the  engine  there  for 
a  year.     While  there  Mr.   Miller  became   interested 
with  Norman  Ebbley  and  Harry  Jackman  in  the  pres- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ent  electric  light  plant,  which  they  erected.  Our  sub- 
ject and  Ebbley  bought  out  Tackman  before  the  plant 
started  and  later  Mr.  Miller  bought  out  Mr.  Ebbley 
and  formed  a  stock  company.  This  was  in  1899,  and 
since  then  Mr.  Miller  has  continued  in  the  operation 
of  the  plant  successfully.  Mr.  Miller  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  George,  Mitchell,  Allen.  Hedley, 
Mrs.  Mary  J.  Stevens,  Mrs.  W.  E.  Runner. 

.  At  Spokane,  on  July  22,  1889,  Mr.  Miller  married 
Miss  Jennie,  daughter  of  Donald  and  Kate  Henderson, 
the  former  deceased  and  the  latter  living  in  Nova 
Scotia.  Mrs.  Miller  has  three  brothers  and  three  sis- 
I  ters:  Norman.  Daniel,  Alexander,  Mary  Sutherland, 
Lizzie  McPhai'l,  Christie  Crowe.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Miller  there  have  been  born  two  children,  Drysdale, 
aged  twelve,  and  Ronald,  aged  eight.  Mr.  Miller  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  P.,  and  in  political  alliance  is  with 
the  Democrats,  but  is  never  desirous  for  personal 
preferment,  although  he  is  at  the  county  conventions 
and  his  influence  is  always  on  the  side  of  advancement 
and  progress. 


BENJAMIN  F.  STRINGAM  is  well  known  in 
Burke,  where  he  handles  a  general  transfer  and  teaming 

.   business,  utilizing  five  teams  and  considerable  rolling 

••   stock.    He  was  born  in  Springfield,  Illinois,  on  March 

[  25,  1851,  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  (Bovee) 
Stringam,  natives  of  New  York,  and  died  in  1898  and 
1867,  respectively,  in  Utah.  Our  subject  was  raised 
and  educated  in  Missouri  until  he  was  thirteen  and 
ihen  the  family  came  to  Salt  Lake  City,  and  later  to 
Manti,  where  Benjamin  freighted  for  ten  years  and 
did  mining  in  the  coal  properties.  Then  he  was  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  later  in  Truckee,  California,  team- 
ing, and  in  May,  1876,  he  went  to  Walla  Walla  and 
worked  for  Dr.  Blalock,  after  which  he  went  to  Idaho 
Falls,  then  Eagle  Rock.  He  was  with  Lang  &  Ryan 
and  drove  cattle  from  Pendleton.  Later  Mr.  Stringam 

•  was  in  Geldale.  Montana,  and  hauled  charcoal,  split 
rails,  farmed  for  Tom  Foley,  logged,  hauled  supplies 
to  the  post  and  in  the  spring  of  1880  he  came  to  Coeur 
d'Alene  and  furnished  telegraph  poles  for  the  govern- 
ment with  his  partner,  John  McCormick.  Then  lie 
freighted  from  Dillon  to  Missoula  and  in  1881  came 
back  to  Coeur  d'Alene  with  Major  Robinson  repairing 

I  roads.  After  this  Mr.  Stringam  operated  a  stopping 
place  out  of  Missoula  until  March,  1884,  when  he 

.  came  to  Littlefield.  two  miles  from  Murray,  and  there 
operated  a  store  and  saloon,  also  packed  from  there  to 
Thompson  Falls,  for  three  years.  Then  Mr.  String- 
ham  came  to  Burke  and  since  then  has  been  occupied 
in  his  present  business.  In  addition  to  teaming  he 
does  also  considerable  packing  as  occasion  requires. 

.  Mr.  Stringam  has  four  brothers:  George,  William, 
Jacob,  Jeremiah,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Marv  Colby. 
All  are  in  Utah. 

p  On  August  22,  1881,  Mr.  Stringam  married  Miss 
Mary  J.,  daughter  of  lohn  and  Tosephine  Carters,  now 
living  in  Missoula.  The  wedding  occurred  in  New 
Chicago,  Montana,  and  the  father  of  Mrs.  Stringam  is 
a  well  known  prospector  not  only  in  Montana,  but  also 


located  the  Tiger  in  1884.  Mrs.  Stringam  has  one 
brother,  William,  and  three  sisters.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  this  union,  Benjamin,  Susan,  Edna, 
all  at  home.  Mr.  Stringam  is  a  Republican  and  al- 
ways on  the  side  of  progress. 


WALTER  ALLEN  JONES.  Among  the  pio- 
neers of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  as  one  who  has 
ever  manifested  the  true  spirit  of  progression  and  who 
has  wrought  with  sagacity  and  enterprise  in  material 
development  of  the  country,  and  as  one  of  the  leading 
property  owners  and  legal  "lights  of  the  county,  we  are 
constrained  to  mention  the  estimable  gentleman  whose 
name  appears  above. 

Walter  Allen  Jones  was  born  in  Pottsville,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  May  5,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  D. 
and  Catherine  A.  (Kaercher)  Jones,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  father  died  in  1866,  aged  forty-six. 
His  ancestors  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  being 
prominent  citizens  of  that  commonwealth  for  two  cen- 
turies. The  mother  of  our  subject  died  in  1898,  aged 
seventy-three.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  lived  in 
Pennsylvania  until  he  was  thirty.  He  graduated  from 
the  high  school  in  due  time,  then  entered  commercial 
life  until  he  was  nineteen,  when  he  commenced  reading 
law.  In  1878  he  was  admitted  to  the  practice  and  con- 
tinued in  the  same  in  Pennsylvania  until  he  was  thirty. 
In  1886  Mr.  Jones  came  to  Murray  and  there  practiced 
and  later  removed  to  Wallace.  He  has  continued  in 
this  county  in  active  practice  since  the  early  days  of 
his  arrival  here  and  is  one  of  the  leading  attorneys 
of  northern  Idaho.  Mr.  Jones  was  elected  district 
attorney  in  1886  and  in  1889  he  was  elected  city  at- 
torney of  Wallace,  continuing  in  the  same  for  five 
terms".  Until  1892  Mr.  Jones  was  allied  with  the  Re- 
publican party,  but  in  that  year  he  went  with  the 
People's  party  and  has  continued  with  them  since. 
In  addition  to  a  large  practice  Mr.  Jones  is  heavily 
interested  in  mining  and  has  some  fine  properties.  He 
also  owns  a  half  ( interest  in  the  Jones  &  Dean  block, 
a  large  business  structure  at  the  corner  of  Cedar  and 
Sixth  streets  in  Wallace.  Our  subject  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,  Dory  S.,  a  machinist  in  the  Baldwin 
Locomotive  Works  "in  Philadelphia ;  Lavinia  E.,  wife 
of  William  H.  M.  Oram,  a  prominent  attorney  in  Sha- 
mokin,  Pennsylvania. 

At  Kingston,  Pennsylvania,  on  January  I,  1880, 
Mr.  Jones  married  Frances  M.  Thomas.  She  was  edu- 
cated in  Wyoming  Seminary  in  Kingston,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Mr.  "and  Mrs.  Jones  are  of  excellent  standing 
in  the  city  and  are  leaders  in  society  and  very  popu- 
lar, being  admired  by  hosts  of  friends. 


MARSHALL   M.   TAYLOR.     A   prominent  and 
cessful   business    man.    whose    achievements    have 
itrated  him  to  be  one  of  the  leading  manipula- 
tors of  commercial  interests  in  the  county,  a  man  of 
integrity  and  possessed  of  excellent  qualities  of  worth 


1078 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  uprightness,  a  patriotic  and  enterprising  citizen 
given  to  generosity  and  of  public  mind,  it  is  evident 
that  no  work  of  the  character  of  this  volume  would 
be  complete  without  prominent  mention  of  Marshall 
M.  Taylor.  He  was  born  in  Iowa  on  May  17,  1862, 
being  the  son  of  Stephen  L.  and  Cecelia  (Dupney) 
Taylor.  The  father  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
on  October  22,  1825,  and  died  on  May  9,  1878.  He 
was  of  Welsh  ancestrage.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  St.  Clair  county,  Illinois,  on  November 
16,  1836,  and  died  on  December  20,  1895.  Her  par- 
ents were  natives  of  Kentucky,  descended  from  the' 
French  Huguenots  and  were  early  pioneers  of  Illinois 
and  Iowa.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Iowa  until  he 
was  twenty,  completing  high  school  and  business  col- 
lege courses,  and  then  came  to  the  Black  Hills,  South 
Dakota.  Later  he  went  to  Kansas  and  in  1889  he 
came  to  Washington.  At  Cheney  he  opened  a  general 
merchandise  establishment,  and  in  1894  he  removed 
to  Wallace.  At  the  present  time  Mr.  Taylor  is  senior 
member  of  the  firm  of  Taylor  Brothers,  the  brother, 
John  B.,  being  now  a  student  in  the  Chicago  Univer- 
sity. Our  subject  is  managing  the  store  now  and 
handles  a  thriving  patronage.  They  have  a  choice 
stock  of  high  grade  clothing,  gents'  furnishings,  and 
so  forth,  and  carry  eighteen  thousand  dollars'  worth 
of  well  selected  goods.  Their  store  compares  favor- 
ably with  any  in  the  northwest,  and  Mr,  Taylor  is 
a  leader  in  the  realm  of  commercial  activity.  The 
firm  are  agents  for  the  celebrated  Knox  hats,  Man- 
hattan shirts,  and  many  other  of  the  leading  goods 
in  their  line. 

On  November  23,  1894,  Mr.  Taylor  married  Miss 
Edith  D.,  daughter  of  Horace  H.  and  Harriet  Hub- 
bard,  who  now  live  in  Spokane,  the  father  being  audi- 
tor of  Spokane  county.  Mrs.  Taylor  was  born  in  Kal- 
amazoo,  Michigan,  on  August  n,  1870.  Fraternally, 
Mr.  Taylor  is  affiliated  with  the  K.  P.  in  Cheney,  and 
the  W.  'W.  in  Wallace. 


THOMAS  O.  GRIFFITH  is  a  miner  of  the  first 
class,  having  spent  his  entire  life,  since  the  school 
days  of  boyhood,  in  the  mastery  of  the  intricate  prob- 
lems of  the  art  and  in  becoming  skilled  in  the  science 
and  practice  of  mining.  He  is  at  present  shift  boss 
in  the  Frisco  at  Gem,  and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by 
all,  both  fellow  workmen  and  those  for  whom  his 
services  are  enlisted. 

Thomas  O.  Griffith  was  born  in  Wales,  on  May 
15,  1864,  the  son  of  Owen  and  Mary  (Evans)  Grif- 
fith, natives  of  Wales.  The  mother  lives  there  now  and 
the  father  died  when  our  subject  was  two  years  ot 
age.  Thomas  O.  was  an  apt  scholar  in  the  public 
schools  until  the  age  of  eleven,  and  then  he  went  into 
the  mines  and  the  mines  have  been  the  scene  of  his 
faithful  and  skillful  labor  since  that  time  and  he  has 
come  to  know  the  layers  and  stratas  of  the  earth  as 
the  farmer  knows  the  familiar  stock  of  his  barn.  He 
wrought  in  Wales  until  he  had  reached  his  majority, 
and  then  came  to  the  slate  quarries  in  Pennsylvania. 


coal  mines,  and  c 
spirit  led  him  to  the 


A  year  later  we  find  hin 

year  there  and  his  advei 

treasure  fields  of  Montana,  and  near  Butte  he  was  em 

ployed  in  mining  for  eighteen  months.     In  1886  Mr. 

Griffith  came  to  Wardner  and  in  the  Sierra  Nevada 

and  the  Bunker  Hill  he  wrought  for  five  years.    Then 

came  two  years  in  the  Black  Hills,  in  South  Dakota. 

After  that  he  returned  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  coun- 
try and  wrought  once  more  in  the  Bunker  Hill.  A 
short  time  thereafter  the  reports  from  Coloi 
Mr.  Griffith  to  go  thence  and  one  year  later  he  re- 
turned again  to  the  Bunker  Hill.  In  July,  1899,  Mr- 
Griffith  came  to  the  Frisco  and  was  installed  as  shift 
boss,  having  also  held  the  same  position  in  the  Bunker 
Hill.  He  has  continued  since  in  that  capacity  and  has 
rendered  excellent  service.  Mr.  Griffith  has  one  sis- 
ter, Ellen  Jones,  in  Wales. 

In  Slatington,  Pennsylvania,  in  November,  1890, 
Mr.  Griffith  married  Miss  Lizzie,  daughter  of  John 
W.  and  Ruth  [Williams)  Evans.  The  father  ^ 
native  of  Wales,  and  died  in  Pennsylvania  in  1895 
but  the  mother  lives  in  New  York.  "  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  this  union :  Ruth,  aged  nine,  i 
only  one  living.  Mr.  Griffith  is  a  Republican  and  a 
man  of  excellent  judgment  and  sound  principles. 


ANDREW  WILMOT  is  a  well  known  and  popular 
hotel  man  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  is  one 
of  the  men  whose  skill  and  ability  in  the  line  of  busi-. 
ness  which  he  handles  have  given  him  an  unbounded 
success,  while  he  has  won  friends  from  all  quarters, 
and  has  displayed  worth  and  integrity  in  his  career. 

Andrew   Wilmot  was  born   in   Texas   on    March 
15,  1867,  the  son  of  Frank  and  Elizabeth  (McLain) 
Wilmot.    The  father  was  born  in  England  and  died  in 
Illinois  in   1870.     The  mother  was  born  in  Virginia, 
descending  from  an  old  and  prominent  family.     She 
is  a  niece  of  Wade  Hampton,  and  "now  lives  in  Rich- 
mond county,  Illinois.    Our  subject  was  reared  mostly 
in  Illinois,  and  received  a  good  education   from  the   j 
public  schools.    When  eighteen  he  went  to  southeastern 
Missouri  and  sold  pianos  for  eighteen  months.     Then    • 
he  went  to  Colorado  and  took  up  the  hotel  business 
for  two  years.     Next  we  see  him  in  Montana  in  the   j 
same  business  .arid  also  interested  in  mining.     In  1891 
Mr.  Wilmot  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  land- 
ing in  Gem  from  Thompson  Falls,  and  the  first  night    ; 
was   spent  in  the  house  which  he  now   handles,  the   ; 
Frisco  boarding  house  at  Gem.     Mr.  Wilmot  did  bak- 
ery work  for  a  time  and  then  went  to  Wallace,  and 
since  that  time  he  has  constantly  been  occupied  in  hotel    ' 
and  restaurant  business.     He  spent  one  year  in  a  min-  J 
ing  venture,  which  was  unsuccessful.  Mr.  Wilmot  has    j 
one  brother,  Samuel.     The  marriage  of  Mr.  Wilmot 
and  Miss  Anna  Johnson  was  solemnized  at  Wardner 
on  June  12,  1893.     Mrs.  Wilmot  was  called  hence  by 
death  on  December  14,  1894,  and  left  one  child,  Anna, 
now  aged  eight  years.     Mr.  Wilmot  is  a  Republican 
and  a  man  of  influence  and   always  on   the  sfte  of  I 
progress. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


EDWARD  OLSON  is  the  foreman  of  the  Frisco 
mill  at  Gem,  and  is  an  efficient  and  faithful  man  in 
this  responsible  position.  He  is  a  man  whose  genial 
ways,  intelligence  and  upright  principles  have  made 
popular  with  all  who  know  him  and  he  is  a  loyal  and 
capable  citizen. 

Edward  Olson  was  born  in  Sweden  on  March  6, 
1864,  the  son  of  Ole  and  Charlotte  (Larson)  Olson, 
natives  of  Sweden  alsc.  The  father  died  when  Ed- 
ward was  ten  years  of  age,  but  the  mother  still  lives 
in  the  native  place.  Our  subject  was  well  educated 
in  the  schools  of  his  home  place  and  in  1882,  being 
eighteen,  he  came  to  the  United  States.  He  located 
in  Wisconsin  and  there  took  a  position  on  a  farm, 
where  he  could  spend  his  winters  in  the  study  of  the 
English  language,  the  ways  of  the  American  people, 
and  our  free  institutions.  This  continued  for  four 
years,  and  Mr.  Olson  became  well  posted  in  the  lines 
which  he  pursued.  Then  came  two  years  in  farm 
work  in  South  Dakota,  after  which  he  journeyed  to 
Kootenai  county,  Idaho,  and  did  lumbering  until  1894, 
when  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  since 
that  time  he  has  been  here.  He  took  employment  at 
the  Frisco  mill,  and  for  the  last  seven  years  he  has 
held  the  position  of  foreman  of  it.  Mr.  Olson  has 
two  brothers  and  one  siter,  Fred,  Swan,  Mrs.  Hulda 
Simpson. 

On  March  13,  1899,  at  Gem,  Mr.  Olson  married 
Miss  Dora  Clinesburg,  whose  parents  live  in  Germany. 
Mrs.  Olson  was  born  in  Germany.  Mr.  Olson  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  P.  and  is  past  C.  C.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican and  takes  the  interest  due  from  every  intelli- 
gent citizen  of  this  coinmonweatlh.  ,  Mr.  Olson  stands 
well  in  the  community,  and  is  a  man  of  real  worth  of 


HENRY  FLOYD  SAMUELS.  Perhaps  no  class 
of  men  hold  a  higher  responsibility  regarding  the  wel- 
fare of  the  state  than  do  the  attorneys  and  it  is  well 
known  that  the  wisdom  and  justice  of  our  laws  are 
dependent  upon  the  erudition,  probity,  and  integrity 
of  these  professional  men.  The  bar  of  Wallace  com- 
pares favorably  with  the  balance  of  the  state  of  Idaho 
and  well  to  the  head  of  this  important  body  we  find 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  a  man  possessed  of  ex- 
cellent natural  ability;  a  forceful,  forensic  orator,  a 
thorough  student  and  especially  well  fortified  in  legal 
lore,  a  man  of  integrity,  and  a  gentleman  of  honor. 
His  bright  success  in  his  practice  here  has  demon- 
strated these  excellent  qualities  and '  acquirements  and 
a  bright  future  is  presaged  for  this  talented  and  popu- 
lar attorney. 

Henry  Floyd  Samuels  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Mississippi,  on  April  4,  1869,  being  the  son  of 
Floyd  and  Isabelle  (Jenkins)  Samuels.  The  Samuels 
family  came  from  the  British  Isle  long  before  the 
Revolution  and  settled  in  Virginia.  Soon  after  the 
Revolutionary  war  one  branch  of  the  family  blazed 
the  path  to  Kentucky  and  was  among  its  first  set- 
tlers. From  there,  John  Samuels,  the  great-grand- 
father of  our  subject,  moved  into  southern  Indiana,  and 


was  a  friend  and  neighbor  to  William  Henry  Harri- 
son, and  was  with  him  in  his  Indian  struggle  at  Tip- 
pecanoe.  His  brother.  William,  was  an  officer  in  the 
war  of  1812.  Their  father  was  one  of  the  patriots 
of  the  Revolution.  Floyd  Samuels,  the  father  of  our 
subject,  was  born  in  Indiana  and  reared  in  Kentucky, 
and  when  Lincoln  called  for  volunteers  to  save  the 
Union,  he  responded  by  organizing  Company  E,  of 
the  Twelfth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  being  captain.  His 
brother  joined  the  southern  cause.  Captain  Samuels 
with  his  company  was  surrounded  seven  times  and  it 
was  a  struggle  of  saber  against  bayonet.  He  par- 
ticipated in  fifty-three  battles.  The  mother  of  our 
subject,  Isabelle  Jenkins  Samuels,  was  a  native  of 
Indiana,  and  died  in  1873,  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven 
years.  Three  of  her  brothers  were  soldiers  on  the 
Union  side  during  the  Rebellion,  and  when  the  smoke 
of  battle  had  cleared  away  two  of  them  were  sleeping 
in  unknowirgraves  in  the  sunny  south.  Henry  Jen- 
kins, her  father,  was  state  senator  of  Indiana  during 
the  Civil  war,  and  was  a  prominent  and  well-to-do 
citizen.  The  Jenkins  family  is  one  of  the  old  American 
families  and  contributed  aid  in  gaining  our  freedom 
from  England.  Thus  we  note  that  our  subject  comes 
from  patriotic  and  strong  ancestors  on  both  sides.  Mr. 
Samuels  was  raised  in  Indiana  on  a  farm  and  received 
a  common  education  from  the  district  school.  Realiz- 
ing much  the  need  of  a  higher  education,  he  allowed 
no  obstacle  to  turn  him  from  gaining  it.  He  boarded 
at  home  and  walked  five  miles  every  night  and  morning 
to  attend  the  high  school  at  Leavenworth,  Indiana.  At 
eighteen  he  started  westward,  wrought  for  the  sum- 
mer as  a  farm  hand  in  Nebraska,  saved  his  wages, 
and  started  to  school  in  the  fall.  By  working  night  and 
morning  he  continued  paying  his  expenses  as  he  went 
until  he  graduated  at  Ulysses,  Nebraska.  There  he 
commenced  the  study  of  the  law  with  Waldo  Broth- 
ers. He  next  went  to  Ann  Arbor  to  attend  the  law 
department  of  University  of  Michigan.  While  at- 
tending there  his  health  broke  down  and  he  returned 
to  the  homestead  in  southern  Indian,  and  as  soon  as  he 
recovered  secured  a  positoin  with  the  law  firm  of 
Tracewell  &  Founkhouser,  and  continued  the  study 
of  the  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  February, 
1892,  at  Leavenworth,  Indiana. 

Mr.  Samuels,  in  April  of  1892,  came  to  Idaho,  and 
soon  opened  a  law  office  at  Grangevillc.  In  1895  he 
moved  to  Wallace,  where  he  soon  built  a  lucrative 
business.  In  1897  he  was  chosen  attorney  for  the  city 
of  Wallace,  and  in  1898  was  elected  the  first  county 
attorney  for  Shoshone  county.  During  his  term  of 
office  occurred  the  labor  strike  of  1899,  which  brought 
with  it  one  of  the  most  trying  ordeals  that  could  befall 
an  official,  but  Mr.  Samuels  was  equal  to  the  occasion, 
and  his  deep  love  for  justice  and  right  characterized 
his  actions  all  through  his  term,  and  he  filled  the  office 
with  distinction  and  credit.  Mr.  Samuels  always  hav- 
ing a  desire  to  finish  the  law  course  he  had  to  give 
up  on  account  of  his  health  in  1891,  in  1901  he  took  a 
post-graduate  course  at  the  Columbian  University, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  received  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Law. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Not  only  has  Mr.  Samuels  been  successful  at  the 
practice  of  the  law  but  mining  as  well,  for  he  is  a 
co-owner  of  the  famous  Hercules  mine,  and  many 
other  valuable  mining  interests,  and  each  year  as  it 
goes  by  adds  to  his  prestige  and  wealth. 


HENRY  L.  DAY  is  one  of  the  prominent  and 
enterprising  mining  men  of  the  rich  Coeur  d'Alene 
district,  and  his  skill  and  sagacity,  coupled  with  long 
experience  in  the  business  world,  have  made  him  one  of 
the  foremost  men  of  the  section,  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  are  enabled  to  grant  to  him  a  representation 
among  the  leading  citizens  of  northern  Idaho. 

Henry  L.  Day  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Maine,  on  January  28,  1835,  the  son  of  William  and 
Sarah  (Averill)  Day,  natives  also  of  Maine.  The 
father  was  a  lumber  man,  and  died  in  Maine  June  6, 
1854.  and  the  mother  died  in  Minnesota  December  12, 
1864.  Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  completed  his  training  in  the  Bucksport 
seminary.  He  came  to  California  via  the  isthmus  in 
1854  and  located  first  near  Nevada  City.  He  mined 
there  for  a  year  and  then  bought  a  claim  and 
did  well.  The  following  spring  he  sold  "out 
and  turned  his  attention  to  lumbering.  For 
twenty  years  Mr.  Day  was  principally  engaged 
in  lumbering,  and  he  wrought  in  various  sec- 
tions. Four  years  out  of  this,  however,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  butchering  in  Nevada.  Following  that  he 
was  in  Truckee,  and  for  about  twenty  years  he  was 
active  in  lumbering  there.  During  this  time  his  family 
was  in  Sacramento  about  four  years.  Then  Mr.  Day 
came  to  Wardner,  and  the  dairy  business  engaged  him 
for  four  and  one-half  years.  Then  he  went  into  the 
grocery  business  until  1902,  in  which  year  he  sold  out 
and  retired  from  business.  He  has  a  beautiful  home 
at  the  corner  of  Second  and  Cedar  streets  in  Wallace, 
where  the  family  reside  at  the  present  time.  Mr.' Day 
has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Bernice  Robinson,  in  Minneapolis, 
her  husband  being  a  retired  capitalist. 

At  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  on  December  29,  1864, 
Mr.  Day  married  Miss  Ellen,  daughter  of  James  and 
Mary  (McAvit)  Powers,  and  a  native  of  Plattsburg, 
New  York.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1812,  being  seventeen 
years  of  age.  He  came  at  the  time  of  the  battle  of 
Plattsburg,  New  York,  and  was  in  company  with  his 
uncle,  Captain  Edward  Hayes.  He  died  in  May,  1865. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Day  was  also  a  native  of  Ireland, 
and  came  to  New  York  state  when  a  young  girl.  Mrs. 
Day  has  one  brother  and  one  sister, — Richard  Powers, 
an  extensive  land  owner  in  Plattsburg,  New  York :  Mrs. 
Katherine  Bancroft,  in  Westfield.  Massachusetts.  Mrs. 
Day  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  later  in 
select  schools.  Mrs.  Day  is  a  devout  Catholic  and  an 
estimable  lady.  Mr.  Day"  is  one  of  the  principal  owners 
of  the  famous  Hercules,  and  his  son,  Harry  L.,  men- 
tioned elsewhere,  is  manager  of  the  same.  Mr.  Day 
has  always  been  a  stanch  and  active  Republican  and 
has  held  many  responsible  offices  at  the  hands  of  the 


people.  He  was  county  commissioner  for  five  years 
in  California,  and  for  several  terms  in  this  county. 
He  is  a  man  of  worth  and  integrity  and  has  always 
been  active  in  business,  and  now,  in  the  golden  years  of 
his  life,  he  is  retiring  to  enjoy  the  rewards  of  his  enter- 
prise and  sagacity. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day  have  the  following  named  chil- 
dren :  Harry  L.,  Eleanor,  Eugene  R.,  Jarome  J., 
Blanche  E.  'These  all  own  equal  shares  with  their 
father  in  the  famous  Hercules  mine. 


JOHN  W.  WIMER,  who  is  at  present  the  efficient 
assayer  for  the  Frisco  mine  at  Gem,  is  one  of  the 
reliable  and  progressive  business  men  of  the  district, 
and  has  demonstrated  in  long  years  of  excellent  enter- 
prise here  his  worth,  integrity  and  skill.  He  was  born 
in  Eugene,  Oregon,  on  January  14,  1872,  the  son  of 
Adam  J.  and  Lydia  E.  Wimer."  The  father  was  born 
in  Ohio,  crossed  the  plains  to  California  in  1849  a 
after  six  years  of  mining,  came  to  the  Willamette 
valley,  where  he  embarked  on  the  mercantile  sea.  He 
now  dwells  with  his  wife  in  Uniontown,  Washington, 
retired  from  active  business.  The  mother  was  born  in 
Iowa  and  crossed  the  plains  with  her  husband  a 
has  been  his  constant  companion  since.  Our  subject 
was  reared  principally  in  Uniontown,  Washington, 
and  there  received  a  good  public  schooling.  Later  he 
finished  his  educational  training  in  the  Spokane  bu 
ness  college,  and  then  commenced  as  a  bookkeeper. 
He  operated  for  the  White  &  Bender  and  the  Tiger 
stores  for  four  years  and  then  took  a  position  with  the 
Frisco  people,  where  he  has  continued  for  eight  yea 
He  commenced  the  study  of  assaying  years  ago,  and 
has  continued  a  devoted  pupil  to  the  science  and  has 
attained  excellent  skill  and  a  deep  knowledge  of  i 
in  the  time  of  his  study. 

Mr.  Wimer  has  three  brothers.  Glen,  Frank,  Ellis, 
and  three  sisters,  Estelle  Wade,  Zola  and  Bernice.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Elks  and  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  In 
political  matters  he  is  allied  with  the  Republicans  and 
is  a  man  of  keen  perception  and  weighs  the  questic 
of  the  day  with  a  discriminating  and  discerning  mind. 


OTTO  FREEMAN.     A  man  of  integrity,  enter- 
prise and  talent,  well  informed  in  business  and  especial- 
ly so  in  his  line,  which  embraces  real  estate  and  mining 
brokerage,  Mr.  Freeman  is  to  be  numbered  with  the   ; 
substantial  business  men  of  Wallace  and  is  transact- 
ing a  thriving  business.  A  detailed  account  of  his  career 
will  be  quite  in  place  in  the  history  of  his  county  and  j 
we  append  the  same  with  pleasure. 

Otto  Freeman  was  born  in  Sweden  on  February 
19,  1858.  being  the  son  of  Jeppa  Froberg  and  Anna 
(Ofelt)  Freeman,  natives  of'Sweden.  The  father  was 
born  in  1812  and  died  in  1899.  He  was  a  non-com- 
missioned officer  for  eighteen  years  in  the  army  and 
later  was  a  bookkeeper.  The  mother's  father  was  also 
a  non-commissioned  officer  in  the  Swedish  army,  was 


HENRY  L.  DAY. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


born  in  1815,  and  died  in  1881.  Our  subject  attended 
the  public  school  in  his  native  place,  and  took  a  special 
course  in  geometry  when  twenty.  In  1882  he  bade 
farewell  to  his  native  land  and  came  to  the  United 
States.  In  Michigan  he  did"  contract  work  on  the 
railroad  and  then  spent  four  years  in  some  of  the 
leading  iron  mines  of  that  state.  After  that  he  did 
various  work  all  the  way  from  that  place  to  the  west, 
and  landed  in  Spokane,  where  he  remained  until  May, 
1890,  at  which  date  he  came  to  Wallace,  and  was  en- 

this  section.  Mr.  Freeman  was  active  in  these  years 
and  he  became  personally  acquainted  with  about  every 
property  of  any  note  in  this  entire  mining  region,  and 
Ulso  did  considerable  prospecting.  In  April,  1901, 
he  opened  his  present  office  and  since  that  time  he  has 
attended  strictly  to  this  line  of  business  and 
made  a  good  success.  He  is  prepared  to  furnish  in- 
formation regarding  any  mine  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
district,  and  handles  stock  on  commission.  Last  year 
he  disposed  of  over  fifty  thousand  shares  of  the  Tar- 
box  and  other  mines.  He  is  promoting  the  Horn  Sil- 
ver mine,  Powhattan,  Arlington,  Belmont  and  several 
others.  He  has  promoted  others  and  he  is  considered 
an  expert  in  deciding  on  mining  property  in  this  see- 
Fraternally  Mr.  Freeman  is  affiliated  with  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  Wallace,  No.  33,  being  noble  grand  and 
recording  secretary.  Politically  he  is  a  Socialist.  He 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  August,  a 
tobacconist ;  Johannes,  school  inspector  in  Sweden ; 
Nels,.  station  master  on  the  railroad ;  Per,  baggage- 
man; Carl,  switchman;  Elsie  Eliason ;  Christina,  a 
widow :  Johanna,  a  school  teacher. 


'  JAMES  H.  TAYLOR.  The  Coeur  d'Alene  Iron 
Works,  one  of  the  prosperous  and  large  business  in- 
dustries of  the  city  of  Wallace,  is  handled  and  owned 
by  Taylor  &  Whitlow.  The  subject  of  this  article 
is  manager  of  the  establishment  and  is  both  a  practi- 
cal man  in  all  departments  of  the  plant,  as  well  as 
a  thorough  business  man.  The  plant  consists  of  a 
first  class  blacksmith  shop  fitted  to  do  the  largest 
work,  a  fine  machine  shop  and  a  good  foundry  and  they 
are  prepared  to  do  any  piece  of  work  in  their  lines 
demanded  in  this  section  of  the  country,  and  are  hav- 
ing a  thriving  and  ever  increasing  patronage,  owing 
to  the  excellent  work  turned  out  and  the  thorough 
business  principles  upon  which  the  industry  is  operated. 
James  H.  Taylor  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  Jan- 
uary 13,  1869,  being  the  son  of  Timothy  and  Jemima 
Taylor,  natives  of  England,  where  also  they  were 
married.  They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1868 
and  the  father  wrought  at  his  trade,  that  of  a  mill- 
wright, until  his  death  in  1898,  being  aged  fifty- four 
then.  The  mother  is  still  living  in  Philadelphia."  Our 
subject  remained  in  Philadelphia  until  he  was  twenty- 
one.  During  these  years  he  attended  common  schools, 
worked  in  the  woolen  mills  and  learned  the  mill- 
wright's and  patternmaker's  trades.  When  twenty- 


one  he  came  to  Montana  and  wrought  at  his  trades  in 
various  places  and  in  1895  he  came  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country.  He  wrought  here  for  eighteen 
months  and  then  returned  to  Montana  for  one  year, 
after  which  he  came  back  to  Wallace  and  leased  his 
present  foundry.  In  September,  1902,  Mr.  Taylor 
formed  a  partnership  with  Charles  Whitlow  and  pur- 
chased the  plant.  Since  then  they  have  devoted  their 
entire  attention  to  the  work  and  have  made  a  good 
success  of  it.  They  handle  as  many  as  twenty-three 
men  and  their  business  is  rapidly  increasing. 

Mr.  Taylor  has  one  brother  and  four  sisters: 
Frank,  a  machinist  in  our  subject's  foundry  and  shop; 
Mrs.  Clara  Guest.  Sadie  Wickworth,  Bessie  and  Nel- 
lie, single,  all  in  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Taylor  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  W.  W.  and  the  Elks  in  Wallace.  '  He  is  a 
Republican  and  active,  having  been  in  the  conventions. 
Mr.  Taylor  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and 
always  labors  for  the  general  welfare  and  advance- 
ment of  the  city. 


GUS  EHRENBERG,  the  assistant  manager  of 
the  Frisco  Consolidated  Mining  Company,  limited,  is 
one  of  the  capable  and  thorough  mining  men  of  the 
northwest,  and  the  position  which  he  now  holds, 
wherein  he  has  manifested  efficiency  and  a  consummate 
knowledge  of  both  men  and  mines,  with  executive 
ability  and  insight  into  details,  becoming  a  leader,  has 
been  graced  with  a  completeness  in  management  that 
brings  satisfaction  alike  to  mine  owner  and  operators. 

Gus  Ehrenberg.  was  born  in  Sweden,  November 
15,  1868,  the  son  of  John  P.  and  Bertha  (Chris- 
topher) Ehrenberg,  both  natives  of  Sweden  also.  The 
father  died  when  this  son  was  one  year  old  and  the 
mother  was  called  to  the  world  beyond  when  he  was- 
seven  years  old.  Thus  being  left  an  orphan,  he  re- 
mained with  his  older  brothers  and  sisters  and  with 
them  came  to  the  United  States  when  he  was  aged 
ten.  They  lived  in  Leadville,  Colorado,  for  three  years 
and  there  he  attended  the  district  school.  Then  came 
a  move  to  Boulder,  Colorado,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge  until  1885,  at  which  time 
he  entered  Bethany  College,  at  Lindsboro,  Kansas, 
from  which  he  took  his  degree  in  1888.  He  returned 
to  Colorado  and  soon  we  find  him  in  the  office  of  the 
Leadville  Mines,  limited.  In  the  spring  of  1889,  he 
went  thence  to  Sonora,  Mexico,  with  the  Santa  Anna 
Mining  Company  and  was  hoist  engineer  for  a  year. 
After  this  Mr.  Ehrenberg  came  on  to  Montana,  where 
he  worked  under  ground  in  the  Clipper  mine  for  a  time. 
Next  he  came  to  Helena  and  there  entered  the  employ 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  Express  Company,  remaining 
until  1893.  He  then  took  a  position  with  Peter  Winne, 
a  real  estate  and  insurance  man,  where  he  remained  for 


'ith 


He 


the  firm  being  known  as  Winne  &  Ehr 
continued  in  this  capacity  until  181)7,  th(jn  s()kl  his  '"- 
terest  in  the  firm  and  came  thence  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country  and  at  once  was  installed  in  charge  of  the 
office  of  the  Frisco  mines.  He  held  this  position  with 
display  of  excellent  ability  until  December,  1000,  when 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  MacDonald,  manager,  retired  from  the  employ  of 
the  company,  and  Mr.  Ehrenberg  was  installed  in  his 
place.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Ehrenberg  has  conducted 
the  affairs  of  the  company,  both  its  mines  and  its  mills, 
and  has  shown  himself  a  man  of  capabilities  of  a  high 
order  and  worthy  of  the  fullest  confidence  of  the 
management  of  the  mine.  It  will  be  noticed  by  this 
outline  of  Mr.  Ehrenberg's  career  that  he  has  had 
practical  and  full  experience  along  all  lines  from  the 
underground  work,  the  management  of  the  office, 
the  positions  requiring  technical  skill,  to  the 
general  management  of  a  large  concern,  all  of 
which  has  amply  fitted  a  man  of  his  talent 
to  fully  discharge  his  important  duties  with 
becoming  skill  and  sagacity.  Mr.  Ehrenberg  has  two 
brothers  and  two  sisters,  Charles,  J.  Walter,  Mrs. 
Bernard  MacDonald,  Mrs.  Swan  Anderson. 

Mr.  Ehrenberg  is  an  enthusiastic  member  of  the 
Elks  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the 
R.  A.  M.,  the  K.  T.  and  the  Shriners.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican and  active  in  the  interests  of  the  county  and 
state.  Mr.  Ehrenberg  has  been  delegate  twice  to 
the  state  conventions  and  three  times  to  the  county 
conventions.  He  is  a  man  of  influence,  and  of  de- 
cided ideas  and  is  able  to  give  good  and  sufficient  rea- 
sons for  his  acts  and  belief.  In  fact,  although  Mr. 
Ehrenberg  is  a  man  of  excellent  spirit  and  maintains 
a  high  sense  of  honor,  he  is  strictly  governed  in  all 
his  business  and  social  life  by  wisdom  and  sound 
judgment  and  conserves  the  interest  of  right  and  jus- 
tice in  all  lines. 


ARTHUR  C.  COGSWELL.  The  natural  ability 
and  real  worth  of  the  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the 
head  of  this  article,  brought  to  the  front  by  a  de- 
termined will  and  fitted  for  the  prosecution  of  a  large 
business  by  a  careful  and  thorough  training,  have 
fitted  him  to  hold  the  leading  position  in  Burke, 
where  he  is  operating  at  this  time.  He  is  postmas- 
ter of  that  town  and  manager  of  the  Tiger  Mercan- 
tile Company's  establishment  in  connection.  He  is 
one  of  the  rising  men  of  the  district  and  is  popular 
and  highly  respected. 

Arthur  C.  Cogswell  was  born  in  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  April  11,  1868,  the  son  of  William  H.  and 
Mary  (Woodill)  Cogswell,  natives  of  Nova  Scotia. 
The  family  is  an  old  English  and  prominent  line  and 
some  of  them  were  the  Pilgrims  in  the  Mayflower 
while  others  came  and  founded  Halifax.  Our  sub- 
ject descended  from  the  Halifax  line.  The  father 
died  in  Rockford,  Washington,  in  1897.  The  mother 
came  from  an  old  English  family  and  died  in  Rock- 
ford  in  1894.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated 
in  Halifax  and  graduated  from  the  high  school  there 
when  thirteen,  having  also  carried  the  business  college 
course  in  the  evenings.  When  he  was  seventeen,  the 
family  came  to  Oregon  and  four  years  later  removed 
to  Rockford,  Washington,  where  our  subject  was 
partner  with  his  father  in  general  merchandising.  In 
1895  Mr.  Cogswell  came  to  Murray  and  took  charge 
of  the  late  M.  Prager's  business  and  continued  with 


the  company  for  one  year.  After  the  death  of  that 
gentleman  our  subject  came  to  Burke  and  took  charge 
of  the  Tiger  Mercantile  establishment  and  has  demon- 
strated his  ability  and  efficiency  here.  He  has  one 
brother,  Byron  F.,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Rose,  whose 
husband  is  manager  of  a  steamboat  company  and  a 
prominent  merchant  in  Dawson,  where  they  dwell.  It 
is  of  note  that  the  well  known  philanthropist,  Cogs- 
well, now  deceased,  of  San  Francisco,  is  a  second 
cousin  of  our  subject's  father. 

In  April,  1897,  at  Rockford,  Washington,  Mr. 
Cogswell  married  Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Alfred  M. 
and  Regina  Rud,  natives  of  Norway,  now  residing  in 
Rockford.  Mrs.  Cogswell  was  born  in  Elgin,  Illinois. 
Mr.  Cogswell  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  being  past' 
C.  C.,  of  the  Elks  and  in  political  matters  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  active.  He  has  been  delegate  to  the  state 
convention  and  was  secretary  of  the  fifth  senatorial 
district  in  Washington  several  years.  He  is  now  a 
member  of  the  county  central  committee. 


O.  D.  JONES,  a  popular  and  successful  business 
man  of  Wallace,  is  one  of  the  firm  of  Hayes  &  Jones, 
leading  clothiers,  gents'  furnishers  and  shoe  dealers 
of  Wallace.  They  carry  an  excellent  stock,  both  as 
to  quality  and  assortment,  do  a  thriving  business  and 
are  up-to-date  merchants  in  every  respect.  Fifteen 
thousand  dollars  worth,  and  more  of  well  selected 
goods  are  on  their  shelves  at  all  times. 

O.  D.  Tones  was  born  in  Indiana  on  August  23, 
1861,  being  the  son  of  James  R.  and  Mary  A.  (Carr) 
Jones,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Indiana,  respectively. 
The  father  was  a  pioneer  in  Indiana,  served  through 
the  Civil  war  in  an  Indiana  regiment  and  died  in 
1892  at  Humansville,  Missouri.  The  mother  now  lives 
in  Missouri.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Indiana  and 
graduated  from  the  high  school  at  the  age  of  nine- 
teen.  At  that  age  he  went  to  Missouri  and  one  year 
later  to  Arkansas  and  in  a  few  months  from  that  time 
he  was  in  Pocatello,  where  on  March,  1883,  he  went  to 
railroading.  He  did  contract  work  there  and  in  Pull- 
man,  Washington,  and  in  February,  1884,  he  came  to 
Murray,  where  he  did  excellent  business  in  the  placer 
' 


ines.'  After  that  venture  Mr.  Jones  did  quartz  min- 

irig,  having  an  interest  in  the  Occident.     He  sold  that  I 

property  in  1892  and  about  that  time  he  was  appointed  11 

postmaster  of  Murray,  which  position  he  filled  with  | 

faithfulness  and  efficiency  for  four  years.    During  this  I 

time  he  had  been  interested  with  Mr.  Smith  in  the  coal  I 

and    brokerage  •  business    and    after    he     resigned  the  | 

postmastership  in  Murray  he  came  to  Wallace  and  ac-  f 

tively  engaged  with  Mr."  Smith.     Two  years  later  he  I 

sold  out  and  bought  a  half  interest  with  Mr.  J.  J.  ]' 

Hayes,  where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time..    He  1 

brought   to  the   firm   a   wealth   of   excellent   business  $ 

ability,  enterprise  and  integrity  and  they  now  do  one  i 
of  the  finest  trades  in  the  city. 

Fraternally  Mr.  Jones  is  affiliated  with  the  K.  of  P.  I 

and  the  Elks  and  is  popular  and  highly  esteemed  in  f 

these  relations   as  also   in   all  his   walks.     Politically  f 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


he  is  a  Democrat  and  a  forceful  factor  in  the  cam- 
paigns. Mr.  Jones  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister, 
W  P.,  a  miner  at  \Vardner :  Frank  S.,  a  merchant  at 
Deer  Lodge,  Montana ;  Lione  J.  England,  in  Missouri. 
On  February  27,  1894,  Mr.  Jones  married  Miss 
Ella  Stabnenow,  whose  parents  now  live  in  Germany. 
The  nuptials  occurred  in  Murray  and  to  this  couple 
there  has  been  born  one  child,  Leslie. 


JOHN  CARLSON,  of  the  firm  of  Carlson  & 
Erickson,  proprietors  of  the  Carlson  &  Erickson  sa- 
loon, in  Gem,  is  a  man  of  large  experience  in  the 
mining  world  and  in  addition  to  his  business  here 
has  some  fine  interests  in  a  promising  group  of  claims 
that  he  assisted  to  locate  some  years  since.  He  was 
born  in  Sweden  on  December  30,  1870,  the  son  of 
Carl  and  Lizzie  (Swanson)  Peterson,  natives  of  Swe- 
den. The  father  is  a  carpenter  and  builder  and  lives 
in  Sweden  now.  The  mother  died  in  September, 
1902,  in  her  native  land.  •  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  until  he  was  fifteen  and-  then 
came  to  the  United  States.  He  at  once  took  a  position 
in  the  mines  and  in  the  mining  mills  in  Colorado  and 
.for  six  years  he  was  found  steadily  pursuing  his  way 
in  these  lines  and  during  this  time  he  became  a 
very  skillful  miner  and  a  good  judge  of  minerals, 
which  knowledge  has  been  of  inestimable  value  to  him 
in  his  subsequent  career.  In  1891  Mr.  Carlson  came 
to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  for  the  first  eleven 
months  was  engaged  in  the  Frisco.  Then  in  company 
with  his  brother,  Andrew  Peterson,  Gus  Nelson  and 
Gus  Peterson,  he  located  the  group  of  claims  referred 
to 'and  known  as  the  Great  Eastern.  They  are  located 
near  the  Mammoth  and  since  their  location  they  have 
been  pushing  development  work  vigorously.  They  have 
eleven  hundred  feet  of  tunneling  and  the  showings 
justify  the  work  being  done,  as  the  property  is  one  of 
ihe  promising  mines  of  the  district.  And  here  we  wish 
to  mention  that  Mr.  Carlson  is  one  of  the  men  whose 
skilled  knowledge  tells  him  that  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country  is  one  of  the  greatest  mining  districts  of  the 
world  and  he  manifests  his  excellent  judgment  in 
unbounded  faith  in  the  mineral  resources  of  this  sec- 
tion, which  doubtless  are  but  in  their  infancy  at  the 
present  time.  In  June,  1898,  Mr.  Carlson  embarked 
in  the  saloon  business  and  since  that  time  he  has 
conducted  the  business  with  his  partner  in  addition 
to  his  mining  interests.  He  has  one  brother,  Gus, 
and  two  sisters,  Mrs.  Emma  Lundine.  Mrs.  Tilda 
Wineburg. 

At  Spokane,  in  1897,  Mr.  Carlson  married  Mrs. 
Anna  Sawyer,  a  native  of  Minnesota.  She  has  one 
daughter,  Maud  Conlon,  in  Rossland,  British  Colum- 
bia. Mr.  Carlson  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P. 


PAUL  F.  SMITH.  When  the  time  was  ripe  for 
the  organization  of  the  Wallace  Board  of  Trade  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  prime  mover  in  the  ac- 


complishment of  the-  excellent  enterprise  and  to-day 
he  holds  the  responsible  position  of  president  of  that 
body  and  skill,  executive  ability  and  keen  business 
discrimination  are  of  inestimable  value  to  the  board, 
and  thus  to  the  town  of  Wallace.  Mr.  Smith  is  con-' 
ducting  a  prosperous  business  in  the  line  of  grain,  coal 
and  merchandise  broker,  and  his  efforts  are  crowned 
with  a  gratifying  success. 

Paul  F.  Smith  was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois, 
On  November  20,  1861,  being  the  son  of  John  P.  arid 
Janie  (Selby)  Smith,  natives  of  "Illinois  and  Kentucky, 
respectively.  Major  Robert  F.  Smith,  the  paternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
of  English  parentage,  and  enlisted  in  the  Sixteenth 
Illinois  Infantry.  He  served  four  and  one-half  years 
and  rose  to  the  rank  of  major  general.  He  had  been 
in  the  state  militia  many  years  previous  to  this,  and 
was  engaged  in  putting  down  the  Mormon  troubles  at 
Nauvoo  and  Carthage.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
came  from  an  old  and  prominent  southern  family,  and 
died  when  this  son  was  eight.  Paul  F.  was  reared 
in  Illinois,  and  attended  the  district  schools.  When 
nineteen  he  went  to  Montana  and  entered  the  transfer 
business,  where  he  operated  for  several  years,  and  in 
1884  we  find  him  among  the  early  ones  in  Eagle  City, 
and  in  1889  he  settled  in  Wallace.  He  at  once  en- 
gaged in  his  present  occupation,  and  since  that  time  has 
given  strict  attention  to  business  and  has  achieved  a 
flattering  success  in  this  line.  Fraternally  Mr.  Smith 
is  a  member  of  the  Elks  and  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Lodge 
Xo.  9,  in  Wallace,  being  past  C.  C. 

On  November  25,  1889,  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss 
Mabel  E.,  daughter  of  Oscar  and  Minnie  Pease.  The 
father.is  deceased,  but  the  mother  is  now  residing  in 
Murray.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  mar- 
riage,— Frank,  aged  eleven,  and  Clarence,  aged  nine. 
Mr.  Smith  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Wallace, 
and  his  popularity  is  unmistakable,  for  he  has  three 
times  been  chosen  chief  executive  of  the  city. 


ALBERT  S.  BALCH  is  at  the  present  time  con- 
ducting a  saloon  in  Gem,  but  he  is  a  thorough  mining 
man,  and  has  wrought  in  that  line  largely,  while  also 
he  is  now  interested  heavily  in  promising  properties  of 
this  district.  He  was  born  in  Kalamazoo,  Michigan, 
on  April  24,  1862,  the  son  of  Samuel  R.  and  Elizabeth 
(Woods)  Balch,  natives  of  Vermont.  The  father 
came  to  Michigan  in  1837,  and  his  father  was  a  native 
of  Massachusetts.  This  gentleman  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  John  Adams  when  he  was  quite  young  and 
was  brought  up  by  Adams.  The  first  ancestor  of  the 
Balch  family  known  now  was  one  of  the  first  white 
children  born  in  Plymouth  bay  settlements.  Samuel 
R.  Balch  died  in  Kalamazoo,  .Michigan,  August  3,  1890, 
aged  eighty-six.  He  had  been  a  farmer  and  stockman 
all  his  life.'  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  called  from 
the  scenes  of  earth  on  December  25,  1866.  She  came 
from  an  old  New  England  family.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  Michigan  and  remained  there  until  1881, 
when  he  migrated  to  Missouri,  doing  railroad  work 


1084 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


there  for  two  years.  Then  he  went  to  Eldorado, 
Kansas,  and  learned  the  butcher  trade,  remaining  until 
1886.  He  also  operated  a  meat  market  in  Scott  City 
for  two  years.  In  1888  Mr.  Balch  came  to  Puget 
Sound  and  for  eighteen  months  was  in  Tacoma,  and 
then  went  to  Fairhaven,  where  he  continued  until  1896. 
December  6,  of  that  year,  found  him  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country,  where  since  that  time  he  has  been. 
Mining  occupied  him  until  1900,  when  he  started  his 
present  business.  Mr.  Balch  has  four  brothers  and 
one  sister— Herbert  M.,  Elmer  A.,  William  A.,  Uriel 
K.  and  Laura  O.  Chapman. 

On  May  7,  1902,  Mr.  Balch  married  Miss  Josephine 
Wandou,  the  wedding  occurring  in  Wallace.  Mr. 
Balch  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F,  Fairhaven  Lodge 
No.  79,  having  been  noble  grand  five  terms ;  of  the  K. 
P.,  past  C.  C.,  being  in  the  order  since  1883;  of  the 
Uniform  Rank,  being  Sir  Knight  Captain ;  of  the  Elks, 
-  and  has  been  financial  secretary  of  the  miners'  union. 
Mr.  Balch  was  one  of  the  most  enthusiastic  workers 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  especially  of  the  K.  P.,  in  the 
Sound  country,  and  was  c*e  of  the  most  prominent 
members  of  the  latter  order  in  that  section.  He  was 
a  charter  member  of  these  lodges  and  did  much  for 
their  advancement. 


CHARLES  EHRENBERG  is  a  popular  man  of 
Gem,  where  he  has  resided  for  some  time.  He  is  now 
an  efficient  shift  boss  in  the  Frisco,  where  he  has  served 
with  acceptability  for  some  time.  He  was  born  in 
Sweden  May  10,  1864,  and  his  parents  are  mentioned 
elsewhere  in  this  work.  Our  subject  came  to  the 
United  States  with  his  brothers  and  sisters  when  young 
and  settled  in  Leadville,  Colorado,  where  he  attended 
district  school  for  some  time,  later  taking  a  high  school 
course.  In  the  spring  of  1881  he  went  to  Lake  valley, 
New  Mexico,  and  mined  there  for  five  years.  Then 
he  returned  to  Colorado  and  remained  until  1889.  min- 
ing, at  which  time  he  made  a  trip  to  his  native  country 
and  also  traveled  through  the  countries  of  Denmark, 
Scotland,  Ireland  and  England.  Returning  to  the 
United  States,  he  later  came  on  to  Sonora,  Mexico, 
where  his  brother  was,  and  there  he  wrought  in  the 
mines  for  a  time.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Ehrenberg  in 
Pony,  Montana,  and  also  he  visited  other  places  in  that 
state  and  was  employed  in  various  capacities  in  the 
mines.  It  was  1891  that  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country,  and  for  three  years  he  was  in  the  Tiger  and 
Poorman,  and  then  five  years  were  spent  in  the  hoist, 
making  continuous  service  except  the  time  he  was  at 
the  World's  Fair  in  .1893.  After  this  long  term  of 
service  was  expired  Mr.  Ehrenberg  spent  six  months 
in  British  Columbia  and  then  came  to  the  Frisco,  .where 
he  mined  six  months  and  then  took  his  present  position, 
in  which  he  has  constantly  operated  since. 
'  On  August  9,  1897,  Mr.  Ehrenberg  married  Miss 
Freda  Larson,  daughter  of  Carl  and  Ulrika  (Peterson) 
Larson,  natives  of  Sweden.  The  father  died  in  Boulder 
county,  Colorado,  in  188";,  and  the  mother  lives  there 
now. "  Mrs.  Ehrenberg  was  born  in  Sweden  and  came 


to  the  United  States  with  her  parents  when  three  years 
old.  She  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters,— Andrew 
G..  Emil.  Christine  Norberg,  Elizabeth  Rawley.  To 
this  marriage  have  been  born  the  following  children: 
Thelma,  aged  four,  Gladys,  aged  two,  and  Helen,  aged 
six  months.  Mr.  Ehrenburg  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.  the  R.  A.  M.,  the  K.  T.  and  the  Nobles  of  the 
Mystic  Shrine.  In  political  matters  Mr.  Ehrenberg  is 
an  independent  thinker. 


ABRAHAM  L.  LEHMAN,  M.  D.,  V.  S.,  is  one  of 
the  leading  physicians  of  northern  Idaho  and  stands 
as  a  most  skillful  surgeon,  having  demonstrated  his 
skill  and  ability  on  numerous  occasions.  He  is  not 
only  popular  with  the  people  but  is  held  in  high  repute 
among  his  confreres  and  is  a  man  of  keen  ability  in 
diagonsis  and  of  deep  erudition  in  the  medical  lore  ot 
the  day. 

Abraham  L.  Lehman  was  born  in  New  York  city, 
on  April  14,  1865,  being  the  son  of  David  and  Rachel 
(Burnham)  Lehman.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  died  in  1870,  aged  forty-five  years 
and  had  followed  a  mercantile  life.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Germany  and  died  in  1898  aged  sixty-five. 
Our  subject  was  raised  in  his  native  place  and  after  the  ' 
grammar  and  high  school  came  west,  following  mer- 
chandising in  Mullan  from  1888  to  1894.  He  then 
spent  five  years  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  at 
Philadelphia,  receiving  his  diploma  from  the  medical 
and  veterinary  departments.  He  commenced  prac- 
tice in  Montana  and  then  came  to  Wallace,  opened  an 
office  and  is  now  at  the  head  of  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice.  Dr.  Lehman  is  surgeon  for  the  Northern 
Pacific  and  the  Providence  hospital.  He  is  a  man  of 
quick  and  brusque  manner  but  is  possessed  of  a  ten- 
der heart  and  alert  sympathy  and  has  rendered  untold 
benefit  in  his  service  to  the  suffering.  He  has  no 
brothers  or  sisters  and  fraternally  he  is  affiliated  with 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M..  Shoshone  Lodge  No.  25;  and 
with  the  Scottish  Rite  in  the  thirty-second  degree  at 
Spokane. 

In  January,  1889,  Dr.  Lehman  married  Miss  Han- 
nah, daughter  of  Henry  and  Fanny  Levinger,  both 
deceased.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  crown  this 
happv  union.  Benjamin,  Walter,  Fannv,  Henrv  and 
Rachel. 


ROY  H.  KINGSBURY,  the  capable  and  popular 
bookkeeper  of  the  Empire  State  &  Idaho  Mining  & 
Development  Company,  in  Burke,  is  one  of  the  rising 
young  business  men  of  this  section  and  deserves  repre- 
sentation in  the  history  of  this  county.  He  was  born 
in  Yankton,  South  Dakota,  on  January  19,  1877,  the  son 
of  Theodore  A.  and  Frances  M.  (Hollister)  Kingsbury. 
The  father  was  born  near  Utica,  New  York,  and  served 
in  the  Civil  war,-being  a  surgeon.  Following  the  war 
he  was  in  a  drug  store  in  Yankton  and  then  acted  as 
chief  clerk  in  the  United  States  land  office  at  Water- 

n  of  South  Dakota.  After  this  he  owned  and  opera- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ted  a  drug  store  at  Watertown  and  in  May,  1888,  he 
was  called  hence  by  death.  The  mother  was  born  near 
Delavan,  Wisconsin,  and  now  lives  in  Spokane.  Her 
father  still  lives  at  the  old  home  place,  a  prominent 
man  and  an  old  pioneer  of  that  state.  Our  subject's 
father  and  his  father's  brother,  George  W.,  were  pio- 
neers in  South  Dakota,  and  .Kingsbury  county  is  named 
for  them.  The  uncle  has  served  in  the  state  legisla- 
ture and  is  at  present  owner  and  editor  of  the  Press 
and  Dakotian,  one  of  the  leading  papers  of  the  state. 
Their  sister  is  the  wife  of  Colonel  Melvin  Griggsby  of 
the  Rough  Riders.  Our  subject  remained  in  Dakota 
until  thirteen,  being  in  the  high  school  in  Watertown 
then.  At  that  time  he  and  his  mother  and  sister  re- 
moved to  Spokane  where  he  resumed  his  studies  in  the 
high  school.  After  the  high  school  course,  Mr. 
Kingsbury  learned  bookkeeping  and  stenography  and 
occupied  a  position  in  the  office  of  the  Echo  mills. 
When  he  resigned  from  there  he  was  wheat  buyer  and 
bookkeeper.  Then  he  was  with  the  Washington  Mill 
Company  for  a  time  and  in  January,  1900,  he  accepted 
his  present  position  with  the  Empire  State  and  Idaho 
Mining  and  Development  Company,  and  has  since  that 
time  steadily  continued  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
incumbent  upon  him  here.  He  has  one  sister,  Mabel  I., 
court  stenographer  several  years  in  Spokane  and  now 
in  Chicago. 

On  February  20, 1901,  Mr.  Kingsbury  married  Miss 
Bertha  L.,  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Ina  A.  Hender- 
son/ natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  is  now  de- 
ceased and  the  mother  lives  at  Sprague.  Washington. 
Mrs.  Kingsbury  was  born  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  and 
has  one  brother,  Martin  C.,  and  one  sister,  May.  Mr. 
Kingsbury  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  while  he  and 
his  wife  belong  to  the  Episcopalian  church. 


J.  WALTER  EHRENBERG  is  well  known  as  one 
of  the  most  skillful  wood  workers  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
district.  He  comes  from  the  nation  whence  came  some 
of  the  most  skillful  mechanics  known  to  the  civilized 
world,  among  which  is  Ericsson,  world  famous  for  his 
skilled  inventions.  Our  subject  was  born  in  Sweden, 
February  19,  1856.  His  parents  and  brothers  and  sis- 
ters are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  work.  In  1879 
Mr.  Ehrenberg  came  to  Leadville,  Colorado,  with  his 
brothers  and  joined  his  sister,  Mrs.  Anderson,  already 
there.  He  was  well  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  land  and  served  a  good  apprenticeship  in 
ihe  wood  working  craft.  He  wrought  in  Leadville  on 
the  new  smelter  and  the  Little  Chief  mine  for  a  year 
and  then  went  to  Lake  Valley,  New  Mexico,  where  he 
did  carpenter  work  in  the  mines,  his  brother-in-law,  B. 
MacDonald,  being  there  also.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Ehren- 
berg in  Boulder,  Colorado,  visiting,  after  which  he  went 
to  New  Mexico  again  and  then  visited  his  native  land. 


He 


ics  in  New  Mexico  and  Colorado  and  from  Denver 
ie  to  Spokane.  In  the  time  of  the  Murray  rush,  in 
$4,  he  went  thither  and  later  went  to  Montana  and 
ought  in  the  Lee  Mountain  and  Cumberland  mines. 


In  1892  Mr.  Ehrenberg  returned  to  Denver  and 
erected  a  commodious  dwelling  and  determined  to  re- 
main there.  But  soon  his  adventurous  spirit  led  him 
to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  he  wrought  in  the 
Frisco  for  six  months  and  then  returned  to  Denver  and 
married.  The  lady  becoming  his  wife  was  Ingard 
Johnson,  who  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  October,  1870. 
Her  parents,  Magnus  and  Martha  (Gummerson)  John- 
son, were  natives  of  Sweden  and  now  live  there.  Mrs. 
Ehrenberg  had  one  brother,  Peter,  and  two  sisters, 
Inez  and  Sophie.  On  August  20,  1899,  death  invaded 
the  happy  home  of  our  subject  and  took  hence  the  be- 
loved wife.  Typhoid  fever  was  the  cause  of  the  death 
and  it  occurred  in  Spokane.  Two  children  were  left 
to  mourn  this  sad  loss,  Arthur  and  Ruby,  aged  now 
nine  and  seven  respectively.  After  his  marriage,  Mr. 
Ehrenberg  took  a  trip  to  Sweden  and  also  visited 
the  World's  fair  with  his  bride.  Then  he  came  to  this 
district  and  took  a  position  in  the  Frisco  and,  excepting 
six  months  in  the  Tiger,  has  been  with  this  company 
since  that  time.  In  1901  he  was  given  entire  charge  of 
the  carpenter  work  and  is  an  efficient  and  faithful  man, 
deserving  of  the  confidence  and  esteem  that  are  reposed 
in  him  liberally.  Mr.  Ehrenberg's  children  are  with 
his  sister,  Mrs.  Anderson,  in  Boulder,  Colorado.  Mr. 
Ehrenberg  is  a  Republican  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Maccabees. 


DAVID  A.  PORTER,  deceased.  Although  Mr. 
Porter  was  no  politician  in  the  sense  of  the  word's  or- 
dinary use,  and  never  sought  personal  preferment,  still 
in  the  election  of  1902  he  was  chosen  county  surveyor 

appearing  on  the  Republican  ticket. 

David  A.  Porter  was  born  in  Chicopee.  Massachu- 
setts, on  October  13,  1871,  being  the  son  of  James  E. 
and  Eliza  F.  (Westcott)  Porter,  both  descended  from 
prominent  and  old  New  England  families.  The 
father  was  born  in  Maine  and  his  family 
dates  back  to  David  K.  Porter,  who  came 
from  Weymouth,  England,  in  1635.  James  E.  Porter 
graduated  from  West  Point  in  1869  and  was  first  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Seventh  United  States  Cavalry  under 
General  Custer  and  was  killed  in  the  famous  Custer 
massacre  in  1876.  Our  subject  spent  the  first  thirteen 
years  of  his  life  in  Rhode  Island  and  Maine  and  then 
came  with  his  mother  to  California  and  during  the 
next  ten  years  he  prepared  for  and  completed  a  uni- 
versity course  in  Berkeley,  graduating  as  civil  engineer 
in  the  class  of  1894.  He  was  then  appointed  on  the 
United  States  geological  survey  for  southern  California 
and  in  the  Wodd  river  country,  Idaho.  In  1895  Mr. 
Porter  came  to  Wardner  and  for  five  and  one-half 
years  he  was  civil  engineer  for  the  Bunker  Hill  and 
Sullivan  mine.  In  1901  he  came  to  Wallace.  This  was 
in  March  and  he  followed  his  profession  until  his  elec- 
tion and  after  that  he  added  to  his  duties  those  of  the 
county  position,  in  which  he  was  faithful  and  effi- 
cient.' Mr.  Porter  was  a  popular  young  business  man 
and  was  recognized  by  all  as  possessed  of  excellent  tal- 
ent and  integrity. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Fraternally  he  was  affiliated  with  the-United  Order 
of  Junior  Mechanics  of  Wardner;  with  the  A.  F.  and 
A.  M.,  Shoshone,  25 ;  with  the  Wallace  Chapter,  R.  A. 
M. ;  with  the  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon,  a  college  fraternity. 

On  Septemebr  II,  1898,  in  San  Francisco,  Califor- 
nia, Mr.  Porter  married  Miss  Augusta,  daughter  of 
Urias  S.  and  Susan  H.  Nye-  The  father  was  a  Cali- 
fornia pioneer,  crossing  the  plains  in  1849.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  prominent  raisers  of  fine  stock  in  Cali- 

ly,  where  he  lived  for  many  years,  but  is  now  de- 
ceased. The  mother  now  resides  in  Willow,  Glenn 
county,  California.  Mrs.  Porter  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Berkeley  high  school  and  also  took  a  special  course  in 
the  university.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Porter  were  blessed  with 
two  children,  Ernestine,  aged  three,  and  James  F., 
aged  two. 

On  account  of  his  excellent  work  in  the  university, 
Mr.  Porter  received  the  rank  of  major  in  the  National 
Guards.  He  always  displayed  those  excellent  qualities 
of  worth,  integrity  and  kindness  which  commended 
him  to  all  who  had  the  pleasure  of  his  association.  He 
rose  rapidly  in  his  profession  and  had  he  lived,  doubt- 
less he  would  have  become  signally  honored  for  the 
excellent  work  he  would  have  accomplished.  The  sud- 
den and  painful  taking  away  of  Mr.  Porter  occurred  on 
April  18,  1903.  He  was  working  hard  on  a  flume  line 
for  the  New  Jersey  mine  four  miles  from  Wallace,  the 
company  being  anxious  to  have  it  in  working  order 
soon ;  he  was  putting  forth  every  effort  to  complete  the 
work  in  hand.  He  ate  as  usual  on  the  night  of  his 
death,  wrote  until  late  on  his  notes  and  after  making 
the  last  entry,  "The  grade  came  out  fine,  will  finish  to- 
morrow," he  retired.  In  the  morning  he  was  found 
cold  in  death.  Failure  of  his  heart  action  is  attributed 
as  the  cause  of  his  demise. 

The  funeral  was  held  amid  mourning  on  every  hand 
for  David  A.  Porter  was  a  general  favorite  and  was  an 
exemplary  young  man.  His  sorrowing-widow  and  two 
children  are  left  to  mourn  the  sad  death. 


MICHAEL  MAKER  is  one  of  the  worthy  pioneers 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  at  present  a  citizen 
of  Burke,  where  he  handles  a  cigar  store  and  attends 
to  the  business  of  justice  of  the  peace,  having  had  the 
confidence  of  the  people  reposed  in  him  by  being  elected 
to  that  office.  He  is  a  capable  and  impartial  peace  of- 
ficer and  has  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  . 

Michael  Maher  was  born  in  Ireland,  on  September 
28,  1846,  the  son  of  Edmund  and  Margaret  (Doyle) 
Maher,  natives  of  the  Emerald  Isle,  but  now  deceased. 
Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Ireland  and  in 
1867  he  determined  to  try  his  fortunes  in  America  and 
accordingly  came  hither.  He  spent  four  years  in  New 
Jersey  and  then  journeyed  to  Sacramento  in  1874. 
After  a  few  months  there  he  went  to  Nevada  and  for 
ten  years  was  active  in  mining,  being  in  the  Comstock. 
In  1881  he  came  to  Oregon  and  did  railroad  contract 
work  on  the  O.  R.  &  N.  Two  years  later  he  was  sim- 
ilarly employed  on  the  N.  P.  and  in  1884  he  came  on 


the  crest  of  the  Prichard  creek  excitement  to  Eagle 
City.  He  operated  a  general  merchandise  establish- 
ment in  Murray  for  two  years,  then  removed  to  Mullan, 
where  he  was  in  the  mercantile  business  for  ten  years. 
In  1897  Mr.  Maher  came  to  Burke  and  opened  his 
present  establishment  and  has  continued  in  its  oper- 
ation and  the  duties  of  justice  of  the  peace  since. 
He  was  justice  in  Mullan  a  number  of  years  and  has 
served  in  this  office  for  ten  years  altogether.  Mr.  Ma- 
her is  a  Democrat,  always  has  been  and  always  ex- 
pects to  be.  He  has  the  old  Jeffersonian  doctrines  well 
established  in  his  political  belief  and  is  solid.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Catholic  church.  Mr.  Maher  has  two 
brothers,  John  and  Thomas.  He  has  never  left  the 
retirement  of  the  celibatarian  and  is  still  blessed  with 
its  quiet  joys  and  charms. 


MRS.  ELEANOR  BOYCE;  whose  parents,  Henry 
L.  and  Ellen  (Powers)  Day,  are  well  known  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country,  is  now  a  resident  of  Denver, 
Colorado.  She  was  born  in  Story  county,  Nevada,  on 
December  23,  1867.  She  remained  with  her  parents  un- 
til she  arrived  at  the  age  for  teaching  and  then,  having 
been  well  prepared  by  various  educational  courses  for 
that  important  work,  she  took  it  up.  Mrs.  Boyce  had 
finished  the  grammar  and  high  schools  and  had  grad- 
uated with  distinction  from  the  state  normal  at  San 
Jose,  California,  the  oldest  one  in  the  state,  before  she 
took  up  her  profession  and  then  she  entered  on  the 
work  with  the  sense  of  a  first-class  preparation  and  she 
made  a  first-class  success  in  the  educator's  chair.  Shortly 
after  her  graduation,  Mrs.  Boyce  taught  school  in  Spo- 
kane and  for  a  num'ber  of  years  was  one  of  the  prom- 
inent teachers  there.  Then  came  three  years  of  devoted 
labor  in  this  line  in  Wardner  and  two  years  followed  in 
Wallace.  For  five  years  after  that  we  might  have  found 
her  toiling  conscientiously  in  the  Gem  schools.  She  is 
interested  in  the  mine  with  her  father,  brother  and  sis- 
ters. She  is  at  the  present  residing  in  Denver,  but  she 
has  been  closely  identified  with  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country  and  is  highly  esteemed  here. 


JACOB  LOCKMAN  stands  at  the  head  of  one  of 
the  larges  establishments  in  Wallace,  being  manager 
of  the  Sunset  Brewing  Company  and  part  owner.  He 
is  a  keen  business  man  and  has  manifested  his  ability 
in  the  affairs  of  the  company  and  in  bringing  to  the 
front  the  products  of  the  brewery  in  a  most  successful 
and  popular  manner. 

Jacob  Lockman  was  born  in  Germany  on  January 
23,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Rebecca  (Pain) 
Lockman,  natives  also  of  the  fatherland.  They  came 
10  the  United  States  in  1871,  and  the  father  died  in 
1894  in  Benton  county,  Iowa,  having  been  a  farmer. 
The  mother  died  in  Germany  in  1902.  Our  subject 
was  reared  and  educated  in  Iowa,  after  coming  to  this 
country,  until  1876,  when  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills 
where  he  did  butchering  and  mining.  In  1880  he  went 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  southern  Idaho,  and  in  1886  he  came  west  to  Butte, 
Montana.  He  was  engaged  in  various  employments 
for  two  years  and  then  came  to  north  Idaho,  landing 
in  Wallace  in  1889.  He  was  engaged  in  the  saloon 
business  with  Thomas  Mitchell  until  1892  when  he  sold 
that  business  and  went  into  the  bottling  business  and 
handled  ice.  In  1897  he  bought  out  his  partner  and 
on  January  i,  1901,  he'organized  the  Sunset  Brewing 
Company,  of  which  David  Holzman  is  president  and 
our  subject  is  secretary,  treasurer  and  manager.  They 
have  the  finest  and  largest  brewery  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  state,  and  it  is  equipped  with  the  best  and  latest 
appliances  for  the  manufacture  of  beer.  They  have  an 
excellent  large  ice  plant  and  do  a  good  business  in 
that  line,  as  also  they  do  in  wholesaling  liquors  and 
bar  supplies.  The  beer  made  here  is  justly  famous  for 
it  is  of  the  best  to  be  found  and  rivals  any  made  in  the 
United,  States.  The  plant  is  of  ten  thousand  barrels 
capacity  per  year.  Mr.  Lockman  is  the  moving  spirit 
and  really  the  head  of  this  establishment,  and  it  is  due 
to  his  wise  skill  and  energy  that  such  fine  success  has 
crowned  their  efforts. 

In  1893  Mr.  Lockman  married  Aliss  Frieda,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Graf,  a  prominent  farmer  in  Kootenai 
county.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, — 
Paul,  aged  nine,  and  Tilden,  aged  seven.  Mr.  Lock- 
man is  a  member  of  the  B.  P.  O.  E.,  Cceur  d'Alene 
Lodge,  No.  3V,  being  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
order  in  Wallace.  He  is  allied  with  the  Democratic 
*  party  and  is  active  in  all  campaigns.  Mr.  Lockman 
has  two  brothers, — John  and  Henry,  living  in  the  east. 


JULIUS  BRASS  is  a  prominent  and  substantial 
business  man  of  Wallace  and  is  one.  of  the  members  of 
the  board  of  trade,  while  his  enterprise  and  sagacity 
have  built  for  him  a  business  of  generous  proportions 
and  thriving  patronage.  He  is  proprietor  of  the  meat 
market  where  he  has  been  found  closely  attending  to 

Julius  Brass  was  born  in  Sheboygan  county,  Wis- 
consin, on  May  24,  1868,  the  son  of  Cornelius  and 
Freda  (Strassbergur)  Brass.  The  father  was  born  in 
Germany,  came  to  the  United  States  when  sixteen,  lo- 
cated in  Wisconsin  and  died  in  1881,  aged  thirty-six. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Wisconsin  and  now  lives  on 
the  old  homestead.  Our  subject  attended  district 
school  and  labored  on  the  farm  until  he  was  fourteen 
years  of.  age,  and  then  he  went  to  Sheboygan  and 
learned  the  butcher  trade.  Following  this 'he  spent 
three  years  in  Milwaukee  and  three  and  a  half  in  Mich- 
igan. Next  we  see  him  in  Seattle,  Portland,  Spokane, 
and  in  1889  he  located  permanently  in  Wallace.  For 
six  years  after  coming  here  Mr.  Brass  was  associated 
with  Follett  &  Harris,  and  then  he  entered  partnership 
with  Frank  M.  Rothrock  and  together  they  con- 
ducted a  thriving  business  until  May,  1902,  when  Mr. 
Brass  bought  the  interest  of  his  partner  and  since  that 
time  he  has  conducted  the  business  himself.  Mr.  Brass 
has  four  brothers  and  three  sisters, — Otto,  Herman, 


Gustave,     Cornelius,    Bertha     Myer,     Lena    Buscher, 

At  Wardner  on  December  2,  1894,  Mr.  Brass  mar- 
ried Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Anna 
(Owens)  Ryan.  Mrs.  Brass  was  born  in  Bloomfield, 
Nevada  county,  California,  and  she  has  two  brothers, 
John  and  Thomas  R.,  the  latter  being  on  the  gunboat 
Helena  in  Manila.  Mr.  Ryan  was  born  in  New  York, 
and  died  in  California  in  1888.  He  came  to  the  Golden 
State  in  the  early  'fifties  and  followed  mining  and  the 
hotel  business,  and  for  years  was  in  the  employ  of 
Fair  &  Mackey  and  superintended  the  Comstock  and 
other  of  their  properties.  He  had  valuable  mining  in- 
terests of  his  own  and  was  a  prominent  man  in  Nevada 
county.  Mrs.  Ryan  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  now  lives 
in  Wallace.  To  Mr.  Brass  and  his  wife  three  children 
have  been  born,  Lester  ].,  Gustav  W.,  Verla  A.  M. 
Mr.  Brass  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  W.  W.  and 
in  political  alliances  is  with  the  Republicans. 


DAVID  C.  McKISSICK,  of  Wallace,  Idaho,  is  a 
man  of  first  class  business  qualifications,  possessed  of  a 
genial  spirit,  has  had  a  vast  experience  in  the  affairs  of 
life,  and  is  particularly  acquainted  with  the  hardships 
and  arduous  labors  incident  to  frontier  existence. 

Mr.  McKissick  was  born  in  Jordan,  New  York,  on 
February  15,  1853.  In  1882-3  ne  was  superintendent 
of  a  wheat  farm  in  North  Dakota,  in  January,  1884, 
came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  locating  at  Kings- 
ton, and  later  he  came  to  what  is  now  known  as  Wal- 
lace and  went  placer  mining  on  Canyon  and  Nine-mile 
creeks,  but  met  with  poor  success.  In  1886  he  was  pur- 
ser on  the  Coeur  d'Alene  steamer,  running  from  Coeur 
d'Alene  City  to  Old  Mission.  The  following  spring- 
he  opened  a  wholesale  liquor  and  cigar  house, 
and  did  well  until  the  depression  of  1893, 
when  this,  coupled  with  the  strike  of  the  year 
previous,  caused  him  to  suspend  business.  He  had 
previous  to  that  time  been  burned  out  in  the  big  fire. 
Following  the  strike,  Mr.  McKissick  was  engaged  vari- 
ously until  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Wallace  Light 
&  Water  Company,  and  two  years  later  was  placed  as 
superintendent,  in  which  position  he  is  still  engaged. 
On  September  12,  1892,  Mr.  McKissick  married  Miss 
Madeline  Toe  Colburn,  a  native  of  Kansas.  One  child 
has  been  born  to  this  union,  Joe  Carson,  aged  five.  Po- 
litically, Mr.  McKissick  is  a  Republican.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Shoshone  Lodge  No.  25,  and 
of  the  Rose  Croix  Scottish  Rite,  also  of  the  Elks  Lodge 
No.  331,  all  of  Wallace. 


CHARLES  FRIDSTRAND  is  well  known  in 
Mullan  and  at  the  present  time  he  occupies  the  position 
of  shift  boss  in  the  Morning  mine,  in  which  capacity 
he  renders  efficient  service  and  has  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  all.  He  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  March  28, 
1864,  the  son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Erickson)  Frid- 
strand,  natives  of  Sweden,  where  the  father  lives  now 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


retired  from  active  work.  He  was  a  miner.  The  mo- 
ther died  in  1892.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  na- 
tive place  and  learned  thoroughly  the  mining  art  from 
his  father,  and  in  1890  came  the  time  when  he  sought 
the  greater  opportunities  of  the  United  States.  Bid- 
ding native  land  and  friends  farewell,  he  came  hither, 
landing  on  April  i-jth  of  that  year.  He  went  at  once  to 
Wisconsin  mines  and  two  years  later  he  wrought  in  the 
iron  mines  of  Michigan.  There  he  remained  until 
1896,  when  he  came  to  Mullan  and  took  a  position  in 
the  Morning  mine.  He  rose  in  the  esteem  of  the  man- 
agement and  over  a  year  ago  he  was  appointed  shift 
boss  and  in  that  capacity  he  is  now  operating.  Mr. 
Fridstrand  has  three  sisters,  Louise,  Jennke,  and  Eva, 
all  in  Sweden. 

On  July  5,  1896,  Mr.  Fridstrand  married  Miss  Jen- 
nie Massing,  whose  parents  and  brothers  and  sisters 
are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Four  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union,  Hilda,  Hannah, 
Esther,  and  Helen.  Mr.  Fridstrand  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Scandinavian  Brotherhood.  Mrs. 
Fridstrand  is  handling  the  Golden  Rule  restaurant  and 
she  and  her  husband  are  good  substantial  people  of  the 
community.  Mr.  Fridstrand  has  a  good  reputation  as 
a  capable  and  reliable  man  and"  is  worthy  of  it. 


CHARLES  H.  REEVES  is  a  leading  capitalist  and 
mining  man  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  has  his 
headquarters  in  Wallace,  where  he  devotes  himself  to 
supervising  his  mining  matters  and  also  gives  atten- 
tion to  other  property.  Mr.  Reeves  is  a  man  of  large 
•  business  experience  and  has  demonstrated  himself  to 
be  possessed  of  both  executive  ability  and  keen  dis- 
crimination, while  sound  wisdom  has  always  character- 
ized him. 

.  Charles  H.  Reeves  was  born  in  Illinois  on  April 
22,  1842,  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Jennings) 
Reeves,  natives  of  Ohio.  They  both  came  from  old 
and  prominent  American  families,  the  father  of  English 
and  the  mother  of  Irish  extraction.  The  father  died 
in  1897,  aged  ninety-one,  and  the  mother  died  shortly 
after  the  war,  aged  sixty-three.  The  family  removed 
to  Wisconsin  and  then"  to  Iowa,  and  in  these  states 
our  subject  received  his  education  and  was  reared. 
In  1862  Charles  H.  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Twenty- 
first  Iowa  Infantry,  under  Captain  W.  D.  Crook. 
When  he  was  mustered  out  he  was  under  Colonel  S. 
S.  Merrill,  who  afterwards  was  governor  of  Iowa  for 
four  terms.  Mr.  Reeves  was  active  the  first  winter 
after  Price,  then  was  transferred  to  the  Vicksburg 
campaigns,  then  participated  in  the  movements  and 
battles  at  Jackson,  Mississippi.  He  also  was  in  the 
struggle  about  New  Orleans,  then  went  to  Texas, 
helped  capture  Mobile  and  took  part  in  the  Red  River, 
expedition.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Reeves  was 
honorably  discharged,  and  having  gained  a  good  knowl- 
edge of  the  tonsorial  art  in  the  army,  he  went  to  work 
in  that  occupation  and  more  or  less  until  seven  years 
ago  he  followed  it.  He  operated  a  shop  in  Iowa,  Wis- 
consin and  Minneapolis  and  came  to  Wallace  in  1889. 


Here  Mr.  Reeves  opened  a  shop  and  did  an  excellent 
business,  also  handling  mines.  He  owned  a  half  inter- 
est in  the  Hercules  and  later  sold  a  portion,  having 
now  a  goodly  portion  of  it.  He  has  been  associated 
with  Harry  L.  Day  and  with  him  located  the  Happy 
Day  group,  adjoining  the  Hercules.  "He  also  has  inter- 
ests in  many  other  fine  properties.  Mr.  Reeves  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister,-- -Nathan  and  Mrs.  Mary  M. 
Shattuck.  Mr.  Reeves  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 

A.  M.,  the  Elks,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the  Wallace 
board  of  trade. 

On  July  4,  1861,  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wisconsin, 
Mr.  Reeves  married  Miss  Annie,  daughter  of  Joseph 
and  Elizabeth  (Walker)  Watson,  natives  of  England. 
The  father  is  deceased,  and  the  mother  lives  in  Mason 
City,  Iowa.  Mrs.  Reeves  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  and 
has  three  sisters, — Mrs.  Mary  J.  Farrell ;  Mrs.  Louisa, 
widow  of  V.  K.  Goss;  Mrs.  Josephine,  widow  of  C. 

B.  Maben.      To  this  marriage  there  have  been  born 
fifteen  children,  ten  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows: 
Ella,  wife  of  L.  H.  Woodcock,  a  millwright  in  Wallace ; 
Carrie,  wife  of  F.  H.  Hopper,  a  prospector  in  Spo- 
kane; Ida,  wife  of  C.  E.  Brooks,  who  has  charge  of 
Mr.  Reeves'  stock  ranch  at  St.  Regis,  Montana;  Lem- 
uel C.,  a  barber  in  Colfax ;  Jay  A..,  a  student  at  the  uni- 
versity in  Moscow ;  Alice  J.,  at  home ;  Arthur  E.,  at 
home";  Sidro  D.,  a  student  at  St.  Helen's  hall  in  Port- 
land ;  Harry  H.,  a  student  at  Moscow  ;  Bessie,  at  home. 
Mr."  Reeves  has  a  stock  ranch  of  four  hundred  acres,  be- 
sides his  other  property.     He  is  a  Republican,  but  while  ' 
he  has  frequently  been  delegate  to  the  conventions,  he 
does  not  aspire  to  political  distinction.      Mr.  Reeves  is 
a  good,  substantial  man  of  excellent  business  ability 
and  has  not  only  made  a  first  class  success  in  his  career 
but  has  so  conducted  himself  that  he  has  won  the  re-    ; 
spect  and  admiration  of  all. 


.EMIL  ZEITFUCHS  is  one  of  the  leading  liquor 
dealers  of  the  town  of  Wallace  and  he  also  handles  bar 
fixtures  and  supplies  of  all  kinds.  He  was  born  in 
Germany,  on  August  24,  1836,  and  his  parents  died 
when  he  was  smatl.  He  received  his  education  in  that 
country  and  in  1852  came  to  the  United  States.  He 
landed"  in  Cincinnati  and  at  once  begun  to  learn  the 
cabinet  maker's  trade.  In  1858  he  went  to  San  Fran- 
cisco and  there  wrought  at  his  trade  until  1862.  Then 
came  the  journey  to  Portland,  where  he  remained  until 
1896.  From  1862  to  1873,  he  was  at  the  head  of  a 
large  furniture  establishment  which  was  burned  in  that 
year.  After  the  adjustment  of  the  insurance  companies 
the  business  was  continued  and  the  partnership  dis- 
solved, Mr.  Zeitfuchs  then  bought  a  farm  for  five 
thousand  dollars  and  after  improving  it  for  some  time 
sold  it  for  fifteen  thousand  dollars.  In  1878  he  em- 
barked in  the  wholesale  liquor  business  in  Portland  and 
took  as  partner,  his  son-in-law,  Carl  Seelig.  The  busi- 
ness continued  until  1884  when  he  dissolved  partner- 
ship and  engaged  in  other  transactions.  In  1888,  with 
associates,  he  organized  the  Pacific  Coast  Furniture 
Company,  being  secretary  and  treasurer  and  principal 


CHARLES  H.  REEVES. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


stockholder.  They  did  well  until  the  advent  of  the 
Northern  Pacific,  when  the  eastern  competition  closed 
their  business  and  he  lost  fourteen  thousand  dollars  in 
the  transaction.  Our  subject  remained  in  Portland, 
closing  up  his  various  business  deals  and  handling  real 
estate  until  1896,  when  he  came  to  Wallace  and  opened 
his  present  business  and  since  that  time  he  has  enjoyed 
a  good  patronage.  Mr.  Zeitfuchs  has  one  brother, 
Ulrich. 

At  Portland,  in  1864.  Mr.  Zeitfuchs  married  Miss 
Carmelita  Savedra,  a  native  of  Chile  and  now  deceased. 
In  1884,  Mr.  Zeitfuchs  married  Tillie  Stockman,  a  na- 
tive of  Germany  who  came  to  the  United  States  with 
her  parents  when  young.  Her  father  is  dead  and  her 
mother  is  living  in  Wallace.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Zeitfuchs 
have  one  adopted  daughter,  that  married  Carl  Seelig, 
who  is  now  deceased.  Two  sons  were  born  to  Mrs. 
Seelig,  Emil  and  Charles  and  they  live  with  Mr.  Zeit- 
fiichs.  Emil  has  been  with  White  &  Bender  for  five 
years  anc  Charles  is  assistant  cashier  of  the  Wallace 
bank.  Both  young  men  are  prominent  in  social  circles 
and  are  members  of  the  Elks. 


JOHN  B.  JOHNSON.  Among  the  substantial 
ami  capable  business  men  of  Wallace,  we  should  not 
fail  to  mention  J.  B.  Johnson  who  is  proprietor  of  the 
Banquet  restaurant,  one  of  the  finest  and  most  popu- 
lar eating  places  in  the  northwest.  It  is  especially 
noted  among  traveling  men  and  enjoys  a  first-class 
patronage,  which  its  excellence  in  appointment,  ser- 
yice  and  cuisine  richly  merits.  For  twelve  years  last 
passed,  this  restaurant  has  bee'n  in  constant  operation 
and  it  is  the  oldest  one  in  the  county.  Mr.  Johnson 

skilled  in  all  departments.  He  is  a  member  of  some 
of  the  leading  fraternal  orders  and  is  allied  with  the 
commercial  and  general  development  of  the  district. 


SYLVESTER  MARKWELL  is  one  of  the  hardy 
pioneers  whose  sterling  worth  and  enterprise  have  en- 
abled him  to  become  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
Coetir  d'Alene  district  where  he  is  of  enviable  stand- 
ing and  has  wrought  well  for  more  than  a  decade, 
leading  the  good  work  of  developing  the  country  and 
building  up  the  industries. 

Sylvester  Markwell  was  born  in  Indiana,  on  June 
12,  1842,  the  son  of  Hiram  and  Sarah  (  Noggle)  Mark- 
well.  The  father  was  born  in  Kentucky  and  served 
two  years  for  the  Union.  The  mother  "was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  and  his  father  is  a  relative  of  the  Hearsts 
of  Kentucky  and  the  Arbuckles,  of  New  York.  Our 
subject  earlv  learned  dairying  and  came  to  Nodaway 
county,  Missouri,  and  remained  there  until  twenty-five. 
Then  he  went  to  Alder  gulch,  Montana,  and  located 
a  rich  claim,  which,  however,  he  deserted  on  the 
strength  of  richer  ones  ahead  and  in  .the  endeavor  to 
find  them  they  were  left  afoot  by  the  Indians  steal- 
ing their  horses.  Thus  handicapped,  they  made  their 


way  to  Denver  through  great  suffering  and  hardship. 
Mr.  Markwell  went  thence  to  Cheyenne  and  operated 
a  dairy,  later  returned  to  Missouri,  and  next  we  find 
him  in  Nevada.  He  was  engaged  in  stock  raising  and 
was  present  in  Virginia  City  when  the  noted  Slade  was 
hung.  Ten  years  in  that  state  and  Mr.  Markwell 
went  to  California  and  took  up  the  butcher  business 
for  ten  years  in  Healdsburg.  In  1890  he  came  to  Wal- 
lace and  managed  the  dairy  of  Robert  Neill.  The  next 
year  he  bought  the  business  and  with  his  sons  continued 
it  until  1896,  in  which  year  he  retired.  Mr.  Markwell 
has  two  brothers,  John,  James,  and  four  sisters,  Maggie 
T'oatright,  Levisa  Conklin,  Monia  Gossett,  Mrs. 
George  Cane. 

On  June  15,  1866,  Mr.  Markwell  married  Miss 
Hattie  F.  Stevens,  at  Denver,  Colorado.  Her  father 
was  a  Methodist  minister  and  her  mother  was  a 
Crocket.  Mrs.  Markwell  has  manifested  talent  in  the 
composition  of  poetry.  She  has  three  brothers  and 
two  sisters,  Charles,  'Jacob,  Andrew,  Ella  Adair,  Mira 
Reynolds.  Four  sons  have  been  born  to  this  couple, 
J.  Fred,  Jesse  E..  Frank  P.,  Charles  A.,  and  two  daugh- 
ters, Effie  Wilmot,  Emma  Hardwick.  Mr.  Markwell 
and  his  sons  are  interested  in  the  Father  Lode,  an  ex- 
tension of  the  famous  Hercules,  in  which  property 
also  they  bought  an  interest  in  1896.  They  also  have 
other  property  and  are  handling  a  force  of  men  in 
development  work.  Mr.  Markwell  served  in  the  Union 
army,  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  K.  of  P.  and  G. 
A.  R.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
church.  For  many  years  Mr.  Markwell  was  a  stanch 
and  prominent  Democrat  but  for  the  last  two  years  he 
has  been  allied  with  the  Republicans. 


HAROLD  J.  READ.  Among  the  leading  busi- 
ness men  is  to  be  mentioned  the  gentleman  whose 
name  appears  above  and  who  is  a  professional  man  of 
excellent  standing  and  skill,  handling  a  fine  patronage 
in  his  dentistry  work  and  being  at  the  head  in  this 
important  calling. 

Harold  J.  Read  was  born  in  Hudson,  Kansas,  on 
July  14,  1875,  being  the  son  of  Tames  H.  and  Laura 
I.  (Johnson)  Read.  Mr.  James  H.  Read  was  a  native 
of  Illinois  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  George  Read,  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He 
was  a  merchant  and  served  through  the  entire  Civil 

and  endured  all  the  hardships  of  that  terrible  ordeal! 
He  was  lieutenant  of  a  volunteer  company  from  Illinois 
and  died  in  1879,  aged  thirty-seven.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  is  a  native  of  Portland  and  lives  in  Portland, 

an  old  family.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Coffeyville, 
Kansas,  until  sixteen  and  graduated  from  the  high 
school.  Then  he  came  to  Butte,  Montana,  and  entered 
a  dental  office  and  after  completing  his  course  he  came 
to  Wallace,  where  he  has  practiced  his  profession 
since.  In  1901  Dr.  Read  took  a  supplementary  emirsc 
in  the  dental  department  of  Harvard  University.  He 
is  skillful  in  his  profession  and  has  a  fine  patronage. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Dr.  Read  is  a  moving  spirit  in  the  business  realm  of 
the  city  and  has  done  a  great  deal  of  excellent  work 
in  promoting  its  welfare.  He  was  one  of  the  leaders 
in  the  organization  of  the  Board  of  Trade  and  .has 
since  its  existence  taken  an  active  part  in  its  work.  He 
is  chairman  of  the  committee  on  mines  and  is  active  and 
skillful  in  the  work  devolving  upon  him  in  this  capacity. 
Dr.  Read  is  vice-president  of.  the  Oom  Paul  Mining 
Company,  which  owns  the  extension  of  the  Hercules. 
He  promoted  the  company  and  is  also  interested  in 
several  other  mining  propositions. 


WILLIAM  K.  MOE  is  foreman  in  the  Hunter 
mill,  a  position  which  he  has  held  for  some  time  and  for 
which  he  is  well  fitted,  having  worked  his  way  up  in 
the  mining  business  from  the  beginning  and  under- 
standing thoroughly  the  intricacies  of  the  place.  He  is 
a  man  of  ability  and  good  practical  judgment  and 
stands  well. 

William  K.  Moe  was  born  in  Norway,  September 
72,  1863,  the  son  of  Martin  W.  C.  and  Walberg 
(Saqueland)  Moe,  natives  of  Norway,  where  they  now 
dwell.  The  father  is  a  miller  and  farmer.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  his  native  land  and  remained 
there  until  1887  when  he  came  to  the  United  States 
to  seek  the  opportunities  and  success  that  were  of- 
fered here.  He  located  first  in  North  Dakota,  then 
went  to  Minnesota,  later  to  Wisconsin  and  logged. 
Then  he  railroaded  in  Montana  and  Utah.  His  next 
enterprise  was  to  take  construction  work  on  the  North- 
ern Pacific  and  continued  with  it  as  it  built  through 
this  country.  After  this  he  spent  a  winter  in  the 
Palouse  country  and  in  the  following  spring  he  came 
to  Mullan  and  took  a  position  in  the  mill.  He  con- 
tinued until  the  mill  closed,  then  he  wrought  at  Burke 
and  came  to  the  mill  here  again  when  it  opened.  He 
continued  until  1893  when  it  closed  again.  In  1893 
Mr.  Moe  went  to  the  World's  Fair  in  Chicago  and  then 
returned  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  Frisco  mill  two  years.  In  1895  he  made 
a  visit  to  Norway  and  then  returned  to  the  Frisco 
•  mill.  He  also  wrought  in  the  Tiger.  In  July,  1901, 
Mr.  Moe  accepted  his  present  position  and  since  that 
time  has  continued  here  with  good  success  attending 
his  efforts.  He  has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Olof, 
night  shift  boss  in  the  same  mill ;  Mrs.  Lena  Dewey,  at 
Independence,  Colorado.  Mr.  Moe  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O  .O.  F.  and  of  the  Scandinavian  Brotherhood.  He 
is  an  independent  thinker  in  politics. 


J.  FRED  MARKWELL  is  one  of  the  men  of  pro- 
nounced personality,  whose  business  successes  have 
stamped  as  a  man  of  excellent  capabilities  and  worth. 
He  is  well  known  throughout  the  Coeur  a'Alene  coun- 
try and  has  wrought  here  with  display  of  keen  fore- 
sight and  sagacity  which  have  brought  their  due  re- 
ward of  a  good  property  holding  and  a  prestige  which 
is  enviable. 


Mr.  Markwell  is  a  native  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming, 
and  his  parents  are  mentioned  in  another  portion  of 
this  work.  He  was  educated  primarily  in  the  public 
schools  and  then  took  a  degree  from  the  Methodist 
College  at  Santa  Rosa.  He  was  valedictorian  of  his 
class  and  carried  the  college  honors  for  oratory.  Mr. 
Markwell  carries  from  his  classical  work  the  degree  of 
A.  B.,  and  upon  completion  of  this  course  he  entered 
(he  Harvard  University  of  law  and  took  his  degree 
with  distinction  from  that  institution.  Mr.  Markwell 
has  never  turned  his  attention  to  the  practice  of  law,  as 
he  deemed  there  were  better  opportunities  in  the  mi 
ing  world  than  in  the  legal  profession.  Being  thus 
determined  he  refused  flattering  offers  from  large  firr 
m  California  and  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
and  his  unbounded  success  here  has  led  him  not  to 
regret  his  choice.  He  is  operating  a  dairy  with  his 
brothers  and  in  addition  to  this  has  large  mining  in- 
terests, among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  famous 
Hercules.  Mr.  Markwell  has  always  been  in  business 
with  his  father  and- they  have  shared  together  the  la- 
bors and  hardships  of  handling  a  large  business  and 
have  also  reaped  together  the  result  of  their  wisdom  and 
thrift  in  good  returns.  » 

On  June  15,  1901,  at  Spokane,  Mr.  Markwell  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Smith,  whose  parents  live  near 
Deer  Park,  Washington.  Her  mother  is  from  the 
Hobart  family  of  which  Vice  President  Hobart  was  a 
member.  The  maternal  uncles  of  Mrs.  Markwell- are 
prominent  in  the  Methodist  ministry.  Mrs.  Markwell 
was  reared  in  Minnesota.  She  is  a  graduate  of  the 
state  normal  and  taught  in  Minnesota,  Seattle,  Topeka 
and  Spokane.  In  1896  she  graduated  from  the  school 
of  oratory  in  Washington,  D.  C.  Mrs.  Markwell  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters,  Julia  Dollman,  Ruby, 
Maria  Clark,  John,  William,  Edward.  Mr.  Markwell 
is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  R.  A.  M.,  the 
K.  T.,  the  Scottish  Rite  Masons  of  Perfection  Lodge, 
and  of  the  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine.  Mr.  Markwell 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 


FRANK  P.  MARKWELL  represents  one  of  the  •' 
largest  industries  of  the  state  of  Idaho  and  the  posi-  I 
tion  he  occupies  is  held  by  reason  of  especial  fitness  and 
ability  to  'handle  large  and  intricate  interests.  He  is 
in  partnership  with  his  brother  Fred  and  they  own  and . . 
operate  the  dairy  that  supplies  the  entire  Coeur  d'Alene 
country.  They  milk  two  hundred  and  forty-six  cows, 
having  Jersey,  Holstein.  and  Durham  stock.  From  be- 
ginning to  finish  the  entire  business  is  operated  with 
the  best  of  wisdom  and  the  latest  and  most  approved 
methods  and  appliances  are  in  use.  The  executive 
ability  of  our  subject  is  manifest  in  the  discharge  of 
the  responsible  duties  devolving  upon  him  in  the  rela- 
tion of  managing  with  his  brother  the  concern  and 
they  are  to  be  congratulated  on  their  magnificent  suc- 
cess, which  is  the  result  of  enterprise  and  business 
ability.  They  employ  from  fifteen  to  twenty  hands  all 
the  time  and  the  dairy  is  a  model  of  order  and  cleanli- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  Markwell  is  a  member  of  the  Elks  and  is  one 
of  the  popular  young  men  of  the  district.  He  is  a 
liberal  supporter  of  the  Methodist  church. 

Mr.  Markwell  has  with  the  rest  of  the  family  valu- 
able mining  interests  and  among  them  may  be  men- 
tioned the  Hercules. 


r 

GRANT  S.  POTTER.  This  well  known  business 
man  is  one  of  the  leading  merchants  of  Wallace  and 
one  of  the  esteemed  and  substantial  men  of  the  section. 

Grant  S.  Potter  was  born  in  Tompkins  county, 
New  York,  on  August  21,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Rol- 
and E.  and  Mary  A.  (Schaeffer)  Potter.  The  father 
was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  from  an  old  colonial 
family  and  is  now  a  retired  farmer  in  Ithaca,  New 
York.  The  mother  of  our  subject  is  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  of  German  descent.  Grant  S.  was  reared 
in  New  York  and  remained  there  until  1888.  He  at- 
tended the  high  school  and  took  a  two  years'  course  in 
the  Cornell  University  and  in  1888  he  came  to  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country.  He  did  carpenter  work  in 
Wallace  and  other  labors  for  a  time  and  then  opened 
a  paint  and  oil  store.  He  carries  a  fine  stock  of  wall 
paper  and  also  handles  building  material  and  does  a 
good  business.  Mr.  Potter  has  as  a  partner,  G.  Scott 
Anderson,  his  brother-in-law. 

On  July  5,  1897,  Mr.  Potter  married  Miss  Nora  E., 
daughter  of  Norton  R.  and  Elnora  (Atwater)  Penney, 
who  live  in  Gem.  Mr.  Penney  is  postmaster  there. 
Mrs.  Potter  has  one  brother  living,  Norton,  attending 
high  school  in  Wallace,  and  one  brother,  Theodore,  a 
graduate  of  Amherst  College,  who  was  drowned  in 
Massachusetts  in  1899.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Potter,  Elnora,  aged  three  years.  Mr. 
Potter  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Congregational 
church  and  are  highly  respected  and  esteemed  people. 


JOHN  L.  EAYNE,  who  at  the  present  writing  is 
in  charge  of  the  Wallace  employment  office  of  the  Mine 
Owners'  Association,  is  one  of  the  well  known  men  of 
the  entire  Coeur  d'Alene  district  and  enjoys  at  this 
time  an  enviable  standing  and  is  popular  with  all. 
His  duties  require  an  executive  ability  and  discrimi- 
nation that  make  the  position  trying,  but  Mr.  Bayne 
has  shown  himself  master  of  the  situation  and  has 
rendered  service  that  gives  satisfaction  alike  to  mine 
owner  and  employee. 

John  L.  Bayne  was  born  in  Grass  Valley,  Califor- 
nia, on  July  2,  1868,  the  son  of  George  and  Mary 
,'Lyle)  Bayne,  natives  of  Scotland  and  now  living  in 
Corvallis,  Oregon.  The  father  came  to  California  in 
1861,  mined  and  later  went  to  farming.  Our  subject 
was  four  when  the  family  came  to  Oregon  and  there 
he  received  a  very  liberal  education,  but  was  prevented 
from  taking  higher  courses  by  ill  health.  He  had 
studied  in  the  Philomath  college  and  in  the  agricul- 
tural college  of  the  state.  Following  his  educational 
courses,  he  went  to  railroading,  operating  in  the  bridge 


construction  department,  near  Spokane.  Then  he  did 
carpenter  work  for  a  time  and  in  July,  1895,  Mr.  Bayne 
came  to  Wardner.  He  accepted  a  position  in  the  Bun- 
ker Hill  mines  and  for  five  years  continued  there. 
Eighteen  months  were  spent  in  the  work  of  the  miner 
and  the  balance  of  the  time  he  was  shift  boss.  In 
December,  1900,  Mr.  Bayne  was  chosen  to  handle  the 
employment  office  in  Wardner  and  there,  he  continued 
until  March  4,  1903,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Wal- 
lace, where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time  and  in  the 
discharge  of  his  responsible  and  trying  duties  he  has 
manifested  a  clearness  and  keenness  in  discrimination 
and  judgment,  a  thoroughness  in  handling  the  details 
and  efficiency  throughout  that  have  commended  him 
to  all  concerned.  Mr.  Bayne  has  one  brother,  George 
A.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Knights  of  Kadosh  and  is  a  Shriner  in  Spo- 
kane. Mr.  Bayne  is  a  Republican  and  has  frequently 
been  a  delegate  to  the  county  conventions  but  is  never 
an  aspirant  for  office.  He  is  interested  in  the  Sierra 
Mining  Company  of  Sierra  county,  Camornia,  and 
also  owns  other  property. 


CYRUS  J.  COLE  is  a  leading  and  popular  citizen 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  his  enterprise  and 
sagacity  have  placed  him  among  the  thriving  business 
men  of  the  district  and  he  is  today  a  heavy  property 
holder.  He  is  engaged  in  contract-ing  timbers  for  vari- 
ous mines  ar;d  also  owns  a  ranch  of  two  hundred  and 
eighty  acres  near  Cataldo,  where  he  superintends  a 
general  farming  business  and  raises  stock.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  interests,  Mr.  Cole  owns  large  mining  in- 
terests, among  which  we  may  mention  the  Banner,  Nine 
Mile,  Happy  Day,  Kismet  and  others. 

Cyrus  Cole  was  born  in  Canada,  on  September  i, 
1846,'  the  son  of  Ethan  and  Lucretia  (Gilson)  Cole, 
natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Vermont,  respectively. 
The  father  died  in  Missouri  Valley,  Iowa,  in  January, 
1864,  aged  sixty.  He  had  been  a  lumberman  most  of 
his  life.  His  ancestors  came  to  the  American  shores 
early  in  the  seventeenth  century  and  figured  in  colonial 
days  and  were  prominent  in  the  Revolution  and  the 
war  of  1812.  The  mother  was  born  in  1810  and  died 
in  1873.  Her  ancestors  were  an  old  family  in  Amer- 
ican matters  and  served  in  the  Revolution.  Our  sub- 
ject was  brought  to  the  United  States  when  a  year  old, 
then  came  to  Illinois  and  later  to  Iowa.  He  received 
education  from  the  public  schools,  the  Tabor  Academy 
and  a  Chicago  business  college.  In  October,  1862, 
when  sixteen,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Second  Ne- 
braska Cavalry,  for  nine  months  on  the  frontier,  but 
was  kept  two  months  over  time.  He  had  hard  service 
in  long  marches,  scant  clothing  and  short  rations.  He 
fought  the  Indians  and  one  especial  battle  was  waged 
on  June  22,  1863.  Being  discharged,  he  returned  home 
and  remained  a  year,  the  father  having  died,  and  then 
enlisted  in  the  Third  Towa  Battery  of  Light  Artillery 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Following  the 
business  course  Mr.  Cole  sold  lightning  rods  and 
pumps,  then  came  to  the  Pacific  coast  and  railroaded 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


for  ten  years,  being  baggageman,  fireman,  engineer 
and  so  forth.  Then  he  farmed  a  time  and  in  1883  came 
to  Stevens  and  Spokane  counties,  Washington.  He 
took  a  claim  and  lost  it  by  mortgage.  In  1892  he 
came  to  Kingston  and  contracted  timber  and  took  his 
present  land  and  in  this  vicinity  he  has  been  since,  en- 
gaged in  handling  the  farms  and  contracting  timber 
work.  Mr.  Cole  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters  : 
Ethan,  Enos,  Zerina,  widow  of  Roger  Wolcott,  Maria 
.  Davidson,  living,  j.  he  following  are  deceased  :  Eleazar, 
Eliezer,  Isaac,  John  G.,  Abigal,  Lucretia. 

On  November  19,  1875,  at  Sacramento,  California, 
Mr.  Cole  married  Miss  Hannah  M.,  a  native  of  Ireland 
and  daughter  of  Martin  and  Jane  Sullivan.  The  fa- 
ther is  deceased  and  the  mother  lives  in  Ireland.  Mrs. 
Cole  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters:  Maggie, 
Charles,  Michael,  Thomas  and  Tilly.  Three 
children  are  the  fruit  of  this  union,  Arthur  E.,  born 
November  i,  1876;  Roy,  born  April  24,  1882;  Glenden, 
born  November  27,  1894.  Mr.  Cole  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  and  in  political  matters  he  is  independent,  but 
has  often  been  delegate  to  the  Republican  conventions. 


HERMAN  J.  ROSSI.  The  genial,  generous,  and 
popular  young  man  whose  name  appears  above  is 
doubtless  as  well  and  favorably  known  as  any  man  in 
the  entire  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  his  friends  are 
numbered  by  the  scores  from  every  walk  in  life.  A 
stirring  business  man  who  made  his  way  into  the  min- 
ing country  without  a  penny,  endured  the  hardships 
•  incident  to  such  a  position,  and  by  sheer  worth  and 
sagacitv  and  deferential  treatment  of  everybody  he  has 
won  the  esteem  of  all.  gained  a  business  standing  of 
the  best  and  is  a  social  leader  and  a  favorite. 

Herman  J.  Rossi  was  born  in  Switzerland,  January 
21,  1870,  being  the  son  of  Gartano  and  Josephine  (Ren- 
ner)  Rossi.  The  father  was  born  in  Italy  and  was  a 
noted  architect  in  his  country.  He  built  a  remarkable 
piece  of  masonry  on  the  Rhine  at  Basle,  Switzerland, 
which  is  one  of  the  noted  labors  of  the  country.  It  ex- 
tends for  miles  along  the  river.  He  is  now  retired  and 
lives  in  San  Francisco.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
born  in  Switzerland  and  died  in  1896,  at  Wallace,  aged 
fifty.  Our  subject  came  to  the  United  States  with  his 
parents  in  1880,  and  they  located  in  Napa  county,  Cali- 
fornia, taking  up  the  hotel  business.  Herman  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools.  After  this  he  worked  for 
a  hardware  house  in  San  Francisco  for  years  and  in 
1888,  he  came  to  Burke.  He  entered  the  employ  of 
S.  S.  Glidden.  a  general  merchant  operating  in  con- 
nection with  the  Tiger.  Four  years  later  he  went  to 
work  for  White  and  Bender  Company  and  took  charge 
of  their  store  in  Gem  on  July  12.  1892.  the  day  after 
the  Frisco  was  blown  up.  He  remained  there  until 
1896,  pining  friends  from  all  by  his  kind  ways  and 
geniality.  In  1896,  Mr.  Rossi  bo'ught  out  the  firm  of 
Vedder,  Sawyer  &  Herrington,  and  the  company  was 
as  Herrington  &  Rossi.  They  took  up  insur- 


. 

ance  and  loans  and  in  the  form 
centage  of  the  entire  business 


er  line  do  a  large  per- 
of the  Coeur  d'Alene 


country.  They  erected  a  .•fine  pressed  brick,  two-story 
business  block  in  a  good  portion  of  the  town  and  half 
of  the  ground  floor  is  occupied  with  their  commodious 
offices,  while  the  other  portion  of  the  ground  floor  is 
occupied  by  the  Wallace  Light  and  Water  Company. 
The  upper  story  is  rented  as  offices.  At  the  close  of 
the  year  1902,  on  account  of  Mr.  Herrington's  ill  health, 
thelfirm  was  dissolved  and  Mr.  Rossi  handles  the  entire 
business.  He  owns  property  in  the  various  towns  of 
this  section  and  has  many  residences.  Some  time  since 
an  old  prospector  interested  Mr.  Rossi  in  some  claims 
adjoining  the  Poorman  and  the  result  is  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  company  by  Mr.  Rossi  and  twenty  claims  are 
known  as  the  Famous  Hummingbird  mine,  which  is 
about  ready  to  begin  shipping.  In  this  one  scheme  of 
promotion,  Mr.  Rossi  has  achieved  a  good  life's  work, 
for  right  in  the  midst  of  great  mines  he  has  brought  a 
magnificent  property  that  promises  to  rival  the  well 
known  dividend  properties  of  this  rich  country.  Few 
would  have  had  the  faith  to  have  gone  forward  as  he 
has  done  and  it  demonstrates  his  keen  insight  and  prac- 
tical judgment.  Mr.  Rossi  is  secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  and  was  a  moving  spirit  in  its  organization. 
He  was  elected  mayor  of  Wallace  on  the  Citizens' 
ticket  in  1898  and  was  councilman  for  two  years.  Mr. 
Rossi  is  past  exalted  ruler  of  the  Wallace  Lodge 
No.  331,  of  the  B.  P..-O.  E. ;  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
A.  M.,  Shoshonc  Lodge  No.  25 ;  of  the  Wallace  Chap- 
ter, R.  A.  M. ;  and  of  the  K.  T. 

On  February  4,  1894,  occurred  the  marriage  of 
Mr.  Rossi  and  Margaret  Lawson,  a  native  of  Solano 
county,  California.  They  have  one  child,  Justin,  aged 
seven.  Mrs.  Rossi  is  a  'member  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic church. 


JOSEPH  E.  ST.  JEAN,  M.  D.,  physician  and  sur- 
geon in  Burke,  is  a  popular  and  capable  professional 
man  and  is  deserving  of  the  thriving  practice  that  has 
come  to  him  as  the  reward  of  his  skill  and  excellence 
as  a  physician  and  uprightness  and  integrity  as  a  man. 
He  was  born  in  Adamsville,  Quebec,  on  May  30,  1875. 
His  parents  are  mentioned  in  another  portion  of  this 
work.  When  the  family  came  to  Anaconda  he  attend-  ': 
ed  the  common  schools  a  time  and  then  was  sent  back 
to  Canada  and  thoroughly  educated  in  classical  train- 
ing in  the  Marysville  and  Montreal  seminaries.  Then 
he  entered  the  oldest  medical  college  in  Canada,  the 
Laval,  which  has  branches  in  both  Montreal  and 
Quebec,  and  after  four  years  of  most  careful  training,  \ 
he  was  the  recipient  of  his  degree  with  honors.  His 
entire  education  has  been  in  French  and  he  sat  under 
some  of  the  most  skilled  demonstrators  and  scientific 
men  of  the  age.  After  receiving  his  degree  in  1896, 
he  came  to  Anaconda  and  practiced  eighteen  months. 
then  one  year  in  Mtillan.  then  two  in  lUitte.  after  I 
which  he  located  at  Burke,  where  we  find  him  at  the 
present  time.  Dr.  St.  Jean  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of 
W.,  the  M.  W.  A.  and  of  the  United  .Moderns,  to 
which  latter  order  his  wife  belongs.  He  also  belongs  < 
to  the  Elks  and  the  Foresters. 

On  February  18,  1901,  at  Butte,  Montana.  Dr.  St. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Jean  married  Miss  Phedora  A.,  daughter  of  Joseph 
A.  and  Delia  E.  Nadeau,  natives  of  Quebec  and  Swit- 
zerland, respectively.  They  now  reside  in  Butte  and 
the  father  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  wealthy  citi- 
zens of  that  city.  Mrs.  St.  Jean  was  educated  at 
Villa  Anna,  a  college  at  Lachine,  Quebec,  graduating 
in  1898.  After  this  she  travelled  in  the  United  States, 
Italy,  Belgium,  France,  and  so  forth,  up  to  the  time 
of  her  marriage.  Dr.  St.  Jean  and  his  estimable  wife 
are  leading  members  of  society  and  are  widely  known 
and  highly  esteemed  by  all. 


ENGELBERT  TURK,  of  the  firm  of  Belville  & 
Turk,  is  one  of  the  best  known  tailors  in  the  entire 
Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
are  enabled  to  state  that  he  is  one  of  the  finest  artists 
in  his  line  in  the  northwest.  He  is  a  man  of  integrity 
and  sound  principles  and  justly  deserves  representation 
in  the  history  that  has  to  do  with  northern  Idaho. 

Engelbert  Turk  was  born  in  Austria  on  November 
3,  1861,  and  there  received  a  first-class  education  and 
served  in  the  army  three  years.  After  that  he  was 
revenue  officer  for  two  years  and  then  for  two  years 
he  was  clerk  in  the  Vienna  postoffice.  He  learned  the 
art  of  the  tailor  and  draper  and  became  master  of  the 
art  of  handling  cloth  and  making  garments  of  all  kinds 
and  his  experience  has  been  unique  in  that  he  has 
made  clothing  and  uniforms  for  all  nations.  In  1889 
Mr.  Turk  located  in  Columbus,  Nebraska,  and  there 
and  in  Kearney  spent  some  time.  He  was  in  various 
other  eastern  places  until  1894  when  he  came  to  Boise 
from  Salida,  Colorado,  being  accompanied  by  his  part- 
ner, Mr.  Belville.  They  were  employed  two  years  by 
T.  O.  Baker  and  then  Mr.  Turk  returned  to  Nebraska. 
In  1894  they  opened  a  shop  in  Payette  and  later  were 
in  Salmon  City,  whence  they  came  to  Wallace  and  since 
that  time  they  have  been  engaged  in  handling  the  finest 
trade  of  the  district,  which  came  their  way  as  soon  as 
their  skill  became  known.  Mr.  Turk  is  a  member  of 
the  Foresters  and  the  Red  Men  and  in  politics  he  is 
independent.  Mr.  Turk  has  a  sister,  Mrs.  Mary 
Wanke,  in  Nebraska. 


MARTIN  BELVILLE.  Among  the  genial,  popu- 
lar and  capable  business  men  of  Wallace  we  are  con- 
strained to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article,  whose 
career  has  been  fraught  with  interesting  experience 
and  who  has  ever  manifested  that  uprightness  and  in- 
tegrity which  command  the  respect  and  win  the  con- 
fidence of  all. 

Martin  Belville  was  born  in  Italy,  on  July  18, 
1855.  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  December,  1886. 
He  attended  the  common  schools  in  his  native  land  un- 
til  twelve  and  then  went  to  the  seminary,  having  been 
chosen  to  fill  the  priesthood.  His  education  from  that 
time  on  was  to  fit  him  for  that  position  and  later  in 
life  he  preferred  to  take  up  business  instead  of  the 
clerical  orders.  From  eighteen  to  twenty  Mr.  Bel- 


ville was  employed  in  a  wholesale  wine  house,  after 
which  came  three  years  in  the  standing  army.  Then 
Mr.  Belville  went  to  Marseilles,  France,  and  there 
learned  the  tailor  trade,  spending  four  years  in  it. 
Next  we  see  him  in  Algeirs  railroading,  after  which  he 
returned  to  Marseilles  and  went  thence  to  Barcelona, 
Spain.  Later  we  see  him  in  Paris  and  in  these  various 
places  he  wrought  at  his  trade  and  doubtless  it  may 
be  asserted  without  fear  of  contradiction  that  Mr.  Bel- 
ville has  had  experience  in  making  clothes  for  different 
nations  and  uniforms  of  various  kinds  beyond  that  of 
any  man  in  the  entire  northwest.  This  has  given  him  a 
skill  that  stamps  him  a  real  artist  in  his  profession. 
Mr.  Belville  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Severma  Bonn,  in 
Wallace.  His  parents  are  deceased,  as  also  are  those 
of  his  partner.  Mr.  Belville  is  a  member  of  the 
Foresters  and  of  the  Red  Men  and  he  is  independent  in 
political  belief.  Mr.  Belville  is,  as  is  his  partner  also, 
a  single  man  and  they  may  well  be  termed  "Jolly  Bach- 
elors," as  they  are  both  genial  gentlemen  of  excellent 


EDWARD  H.  MOFFITT.  The  energy,  capabili- 
ties, keen  perception  and  executive  force  of  this  gen- 
tleman have  won  him  a  leading  and  prominent  posi- 
tion in  the  various  walks  of  life.  Being  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  at  the  time  of  the  Eagle  rush  to 
Prichard  creek,  he  has  been  intimately  acquainted 
with  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  in  every  respect  and 
stands  one  of  the  promoters  of  its  resources  and  most 
capable  business  men  in  northern  Idaho.  Practical 
contact  with  various  lines  of  business  in  his  earlier 
days  and  rising  by  reason  of  his  worth  and  ability  to 
handle  large  interests,  Mr,  Moffitt  stands  today  the 
manager  of  the  Standard  and  Hecla  mines,  is  director 
of  the  company  and  operates  with  some  of  the  heaviest 
capitalists  in  the  northwest. 

Passing  more  particularly  to  the  details  of  his 
career,  we  note  that  Edward  H.  Moffitt  was  born 
in  Allegheny,  Pennsylvania,  on  August  22,  1845,  being 
the  son  of  Thomas  and  Maria  L.  (Patterson)  Moffitt. 
The  father  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1813.  and  died  in  1878.  having  been  a  faith- 
ful preacher  of  the  gospel  in  the  Methodist  church  for 
thirty  years.  The  naternal  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject was  a  native  of  Scotland  and  of  Scotch-Irish  line- 
age. The  mother  of  Edward  H.  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  1818  and  now  lives  with  this  son,  aged  eighty-five. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  place  until  thirteen 
and  attended  the  city  schools.  In  1858  he  went  with  his 
parents  to  Illinois  and  there  attended  the  public  schools- 
In  February,  1864,  he  responded  to  the  call  of  patriot- 
ism and  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Second  Illinois  Cavalry, 
under  Captain  M.  H.  Musser  and  Colonel  John  J. 
Mudcl.  Two  years  Mr.  Moffitt  served  in  the  arduous 
duties  of  the  soldier,  participating  in  the  battle  of  Mo- 
bile and  much  other  active  service.  At  the  close  of  his 
term  he  was  honorably  discharged  and  returned  to 
Illinois,  where  he  operated  a  grocery  for  two  years. 
Then  he  spent  two  years  in  Kansas  and  traveled  in 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Colorado,  Dakota  and  Utah,  mining  in  various  camps. 
In  1879  he  see  him  in  the  Wood  river  country  in  Idaho, 
where  four  years  were  spent  in  active  mining.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1884,  Mr.  Moffitt  made  his  way  to  the  Murray 
country  and  in  partnership  with  C.  E.  Bender,  he 
opened  the  first  meat  market  there.  He  was  also  in- 
terested in  some  good  properties.  In  1887  Mr.  Moffitt 
came  to  Wallace,  where  he  has  resided  since.  He  at 
once  manifested  his  worth  in  the  business  arid  politi- 
cal world  and  among  the  excellent  achievements  of  his 
skill  we  may  mention  the  organization  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Hardware  Company,  of  which  .concern  he 
is  an  important  member.  He  has  been  the  promoter  of 
numerous  enterprises  and  in  1898,  he  became  inter- 
ested in  the  Standard  and  Hecla  mines  and  the  follow- 
ing year  he  was  chosen  general  manager,  in  which  po- 
sition he  has  consummated  important  achievements  in 
reference  to  the  properties.  Mr.  Moffitt  is  also  general 
manager  of  the  Finch  &  Campbell  properties  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  has  skill  and  sagacity  and 
fine  practical  judgment  have  placed  him  as  one  of  the 
leading  mining  operators  in  the  entire  northwest. 

Politically  Mr.  Moffitt  stands  as  one  of  the  potent 
factors  of  the  state  and  has  attended  all  the  county  and 
state  conventions  since  residing  in  Wallace.  He  is  al- 
lied with  the  Democrats  and  is  a  man  of  great  influ- 
ence in  the  campaigns. 

In  fraternal  affiliations,  Mr.  Moffit  is  a  member  of 
the  Shoshone  Lodge,  No.  25,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. ;  of  the 
Wallace  ChapterNo.  7,  R.  A'.  M. ;  of  the  Wallace  com- 
mandery,  K.  T. ;  U.  D. ;  of  the  El  Katif  Temple,  Mys- 
tic Shrine,  in  Spokane. 

Mr.  Moffit  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters: 
Thomas  M.,  an  artist  in  Illinois;  Grantly  R.,  in  Texas; 
Lewis,  at  Nashville,  Tennessee:  Mrs.  Anna  E.  Brad- 
bury, Canyon  City,  Colorado ;  Mrs.  Elvira  C.  Morgan, 
in  Chicago. 

On  February  15,  1888,  occurred  the  marriage  of 
Mr.  Moffitt  and  Miss  Effie  J.  Colborn,  the  daughter  of 
J.  F.  and  lola  Colborn.  They  were  the  first  settlers  in 
lola,  Kansas  and  the  place  was  named  from  Mrs.  Col- 
born. The  town  is  an  important  zinc  smelting  place 
of  eight  thousand.  Mr.  Colborn  is  a  retired  merchant. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  crown  this  happy  union, 
Robert  C.,  aged  eight,  and  Thomas  E.,  aged  five.  Mr. 
Moffitt  is  one  of  the  highly  esteemed  men  of  the  coun- 
ty, while  Mrs.  Moffitt  is  a  leader  in  society  circles  and 
presides  with  gracious  dignity  over  their  pleasant 
home,  which  is  a  center  of  refined  hospitality. 


HON.  WELDON  BRINTON  HEYBURN,  of 
Wallace,  Idaho,  was  born  in  Delaware  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, May  23,  1852.  His  parents  were  Quakers,  of 
English  descent.  He  received  an  academic  education 
and  afterwards  studied  largely  under  private  tutors; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1876  and  has  practiced  law 
continuously  since  that  time. 

In  the  winter  of  1883-4  he  came  to  Shoshone  coun- 
ty, and  has  resided  there  ever  since.  Mr.  Heyburn 
has  always  voted  and  supported  the  Republican  ticket ; 


was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  national  convention 
of  1888,  1892  and  1900 ;  was  not  affected  by  the  silver 
craze  of  1896  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  main- 
taining the  Republican  organization  in  Idaho  during 
that  campaign,  and  since,  which  resulted  in  the  sweep- 
ing Republican  victory  in  1902 ;  was  the  nominee  of 
the  Republican  party  of  Idaho  for  congress  in  1898, 
but  was  defeated  by  a  fusion  of  the  Democrats,  Popu- 
lists and  Silver  Republicans ;  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  senate  on  January  13,  1903,  receiving  the  entire 
Republican  vote  of  the  legislature  to  succeed  Henry 
Heitfield,  Democrat,  and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1903. 
His  term  of  service  will  expire  March  3,  1909. 


FRANK  M.  ROTHROCK.  a  prominent  mining 
man  and  capitalist  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  is  a 
leading  business  man  of  Wallace,  where  his  head- 
quarters are  at  the  present  time.  He  is  well  and 
favorably  known  throughout  the  district  and  has 
many  friends  from  every  quarter. 

Frank  M.  Rothrock  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
Wyandotte  cave,  Crawford  county,  Indiana,  on  July 
29,  1870,  the  son  of  Harrison  W.  and  Alice  G.  (Miles) 
Rothrock,  natives  of  the  same  vicinity.  The  father 
came  from  an  old  Pennsylvania  Dutch  family  of  prom- 
inence. He  was  a  leading  miller.  His  father  located 
the  famous  cave  where  our  subject  was  born.  It  is 
a  famous  summer  resort  and  our  subject's  father  re- 
sides there  now  and  conducts  a  large  hotel.  The 
mother  died  when  Frank  was  five  years  of  age.  He 
remained  at  his  native  place  until  eighteen,  gaining 
a  good  education  from  the  district  schools  and  the 
Danville  college.  Following  that  five  years  were 
spent  as  a  stock  broker  at  the  stock  yards  in  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky.  In  the  spring  of  1894  Mr.  Roth- 
rock came  to  Wallace  and  shortly  afterward  entered 
partnership  with  Mr.  Brass,  who  is  mentioned  alse- 
where  in  this  volume.  They  operated  a  butcher  shop 
until  recently,  when  they  dissolved  partnership  and 
Mr.  Rothrock  now  devotes  his  entire  attention  to  his 
real  estate  and  mining  interests.  Mr.  Rothrock  is  one 
of  the  owners  of  the  famous  Hercules  and  also  owns 
interests  in  the  Hummingbird  and  numerous  other 
mines  and  prospects.  He  has  one  sister,  Catherine 
Sibert. 

On  June  26,  1895,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Rothrock  mar- 
ried Miss  Minnie  E.,  daughter  of  Jesse  and  Frances 
(Mauck)  Snyder,  natives  of  Indiana,  and  now  living 
at  Medimont,  Idaho.  .  They  are  descendants  of  old 
Pennsylvania  Dutch  families  and  are  substantial  peo- 
ple. Mrs.  Rothrock  has  one  brpther,  Raymond,  and 
four  sisters:  lona  Samuels,  Ora,  Cora,  "Ada.  One 
child  has  been  born  to  this  happy  marriage,  Zena,  born 
February  15,  1901.  Mr.  Rothrock  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  6.  F.  and  the  W.  W.  He  is  a  Republican. 
Mr.  Rothrock  is  a  man  of  keen  discernment  and  broad 
business  experience  and  has  made  a  brilliant  success 
in  his  career. 

Our  subject  and  his  uncle,  H.  A.  Rothrock,  are 
sole  owners  of  the  famous  Wyandotte  cave,  hereto- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1095 


fore  mentioned  in  this  article.-  It  is  a  cave  of 
twenty-three  miles  of  underground  avenues  and 
palaces,  a  perfect  mecca  for  travelers  and  sightseers. 


LEOPOLD  J.  ST.  JEAN  is  one  of  the  leading 
professional  men  of  the  countv  of  Shoshone  and  has 
made  a  reputation  for  himself  by  his  skill  in  his  pro- 
fession and  close  attention  to  business  that  is  truly 
enviable.  Dr.  St.  Jean  is  a  dentist  of  marked  success, 
which  has  been  achieved  as  a  result  of  natural  ability, 
first  class  training  and  a  love  for  adherence  to  his 
profession.  A  detailed  acocunt  of  his  life  will  be 
interesting  to  the  residents  of  northern  Idaho.  Leo- 
pold J.  St.  Jean  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada,  on 
December  19,  1870,  the  son  of  Ludger  and  Sophie 
(Vautrin)  St.  Jean,  natives  of  Montreal.  The  father 
and  his  ancestors  owned  a  large  part  of  the  site  of 
Montreal  but  the  property  was  confiscated  by  the 
English.  He  now  dwells  at  Anaconda,  retired' from 
active  business,  having  by  good  business  ability  se- 
cured a  generous  competence.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  comes  from  a  prominent  French  family  of  old 
ancestrage  and  she  now  resides  in  Anaconda.  Our 
subject  was  raised  in  Montreal  till  fourteen  and  se- 
cured good  training  in  the  excellent  public  schools 
of  that  place,  besides  a  course  in  the  normal  school. 
Then  the  family  removed  to  Anaconda,  where  he  also 
studied  in  the  schools  and  then  returned  to  Montreal 
and  took  a  thorough  course  under  private  tutors. 
Following  this  Mr.  St.  Jean  entered  Laval  Medical 
College  and  one  year  later  came  to  St.  Louis,  where 
he  matriculated  in  the  Missouri  Dental  College,  a  de- 
partment of  the  St.  Louis  Medical  College.  He  grad- 
uated from  this  institution  in  1894  and  returned  to 
Anaconda  and  practiced  for  four  years.  Then  Dr.  St. 
Jean  took  up  mining  in  British  Columbia,  but  being 
unsuccessful  in  it  he  returned  to  his  profession  and 
located  in  Mullar.  He  came  three  weeks  before  the 
strike  in  1899  and  as  soon  as  that  affair  was  settled 
he  at  once  gained  a  good  practice.  The  fact  that  Dr. 
St.  Jean  is  a  man  at  the  head  of  the  profession  has 
brought  him  patronage  from  every  quarter  and  he 
richly  deserves  it  all.  as  he  is  capable,  skillful  and  first 
class".  He  has  two  brothers,  Felix  L.  and  Joseph  E., 
the  former  a  physician  in  Anaconda  and  the  latter 
a  physician  in  Burke.  He  also  has  one  sister,  Airs. 
T.  L!  Mitchell,  in  Spokane.  Dr.  St.  Jean  is  a  Redman 
and  in  political  matters  is  an  independent  thinker. 


F.  GUSHING  MOORE.  Prominent  among  the 
mining  men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  as  well  as 
of  wide  experience  in  the  various  mining  fields  of  the 
entire  northwest,  a  man  of  manifest  ability  and  a  mas- 
ter of  his  profession,  that  of  mining  and  civil  engineer- 
ing, the  subject  of  this  article  is  deserving  of  especial 
mention  in  any  volume  that  has  to  do  with  the  leading 
people  of  northern  Idaho. 

F.  Gushing  Moore  was  born  in  Walla  Walla  on  De- 


cember 3,  1875.  His  parents,  Charles  and  Julia 
(Kneen)  Moore,  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  vol- 
ume. The  father  was  really  the  founder  and  promoter 
of  Moscow  and  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the  state. 
He  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  his  ancestors  came  from 
the  Isle  of  Man.  He  served  in  the  First  Wisconsin 
Volunteers  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh. 
Upon  recovering  he  re-enlisted  and  served  faithfully 
to  the  close,  of  the  war.  He  died  in  Walla  Walla  in 
1888  and  was  a  well  known  and  prominent  man,  inter- 
ested in  general  development,  and  handled  mills,  real 
estate  and  did  mining.  Mrs.  Moore,  his  widow,  is  liv- 
ing in  Moscow  and  is  a  large  property  owner.  Our 
subject  was  reared  in  Moscow  principally  and  studied 
in  some  of  the  leading  institutions  of  the  land.  He  was 
a  student  in  the  Northwestern  University  of  Chicago, 
at  the  University  of  the  Pacific,  in  California,  and  in 
1899  he  graduated  from  the  Idaho  University  at  Mos- 
cow. Following  this,  Mr.  Moore  associated  himself 
with  J.  C.  Ralston,  mining  engineer,  of  Spokane,  who 
operated  in  the  northwestern  camps.  He  was  there 
until  January,  1901,  when  he  came  to  Wallace  and 
opened  offices  in  the  Herrington-Rossi  building,  where 
we  find  him  at  the  present  time.  During  his  work  with 
Mr.  Ralston  Mr.  Moore  had  charge  of  the  construc- 
tion of  the  cvanide  works  at  Republic  for  the  Republic 
Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company.  He  also  did 
some  excellent  service  in  charge  of  the  Deer  Creek  Gold 
Mining  Company's  engineering  work  in  Deborgia, 
Montana.  He  is  United  States  deputy  mineral  sur- 
veyor for  Idaho,  Montana  and  Washington,  and  has 
done  considerable  patent  work  in  these  states.  Last 
summer  he  did  extensive  engineering  work  in  the  Cas- 
cades for  the  Bonanza  Oueen  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany. Mr.  Moore  is  a  member  of  the  American  Insti- 
tute of  Mining  Engineers  and  is  a  young  man  of  ex- 
cellent qualities  and  gives  himself  to  his  business 
strictly,  in  which  he  is  winning  a  fine  success.  He  has 
hosts  "of  friends  and  is  a  genial  and  affable  man.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  B.  P.  O.  E.,  Lodge  No.  331,  of  Wal- 
lace, and  stands  well  in  fraternal  and  social  circles. 
Mr.  Moore  has  one  brother,  Harry  K.,  an  attorney  in 
Moscow:  and  two  sisters,  Flora  P.  and  Edna  L.",  at 


FRED  W.  WALTON,  who  is  proprietor  of  the 
planing  mill  and  wood  working  establishment  so  well 
known  in  Wallace,  is  a  skilled  mechanic  and  competent 
contractor  in  his  line  and  has  done,  since  taking  up  this 
business,  a  large  amount  of  the  best  work  in  the  town 
and  is  handling  now  a  thriving  patronage.  He  is  a 
man  of  good,  substantial  qualities  and  is  prominent 
in  general  affairs  and  popular. 

Fred  W.  Walton  was  born  in  Livennore,  Maine, 
on  January  10,  1862,  the  son  of  Jeremiah  D.  and 
Beulah  P.'  (Norris)  Walton,  natives  of  Maine  and 
now  living  at  Wayne,  in  that  state.  Our  subject  wa"s 
reared  in  Maine  and  there  received  a  good  education 
from  public  and  private  schools  and  a  good  training 
on  the  farm  with  his  father.  He  had  operated  suc- 
cessfully three  large  farms  before  he  was  of  age 


1096 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  at  that  important  time  he  went  into  an  oil  cloth 
factory  and  learned  the  printing  trade  connected  with 
that  business.  He  spent  some  years  there  and  in  vari- 
ous other  employments  and  was  also  employed  in 
Boston  and  in  1886-7  Mr.  Walton  made  his  way  to 
Butte,  Montana.  He  wrought  that  summer  at  Phil- 
iipsburg  on  a  ranch,  then  returned  to  Butte,  where  he 
worked  for  the  Alice  and  Moulton  Mining  Company, 
in  the  amalgamation  mills,  returning  to  Phillipsburg 
in  1890.  In  1891  he  made  his  way  to  Wallace  and 
since  then  has  remained  here  with  the  exception  of 
two  years,  1895  and  1896,  when  he  was  county  as- 
sessor and  resided  at  the  county  seat,  Murray.  Fol- 
lowing a  successful  term  of  office  he  returned  to  Wal- 
lace and  bought  his  present  business  from  Lyman 
Wood,  H.  K.  Helbostal  being  his  partner.  Mr.  Wal- 
ton bought  out  his  partner  in  January,  1898,  and  has 
since  continued  the  business.  He  does  all  kinds  of 
wood  work  and  has  a  thoroughly  equipped  plant,  em- 
bracing all  the  latest  contrivances  for  wood  and  or- 
namental work.  Mr.  Walton  has  two  brothers, 
Charles  H.  and  Herbert  N. 

In  May,  1882,  Mr.  Walton  married  Miss  Emma 
F.  Remich,  a  native  of  Winthrope,  but  this  relation 
was  ended  in  1891,  by  a  divorce.  Two  children  were 
the  fruit  of  the  union.  Gertrude  E.  and  Arthur  A. 
In  February,  1892,  Mr.  Walton  married  Mrs.  Flor- 
ence Coon.'  Mr.  Walton  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  of  the  Encampment,  being  past  grand,  also 
past  chief  patriarch.  He  has  been  delegate  to  the 
grand  lodge  for  four  terms.  Mr.  Walton  also  be- 
longs to  the  Carpenter's  Union  and  is  one  of  the 
executive  board  of  the  American  Labor  Union.  In 
political  matters  Mr.  Walton  is  a  member  of  the 
Socialist  party  and  was  for  years  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  Populists.  He  was  chairman  of  the  first 
county  central  committee  of  that  party  in  Shoshone 
county.  Mr.  Walton  is  a  director  in  the  Granite  and 
Allie  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Company,  owns  stock 
in  several  other  prominent  mining  interests.  Mr. 
Walton  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Tribune  Pub- 


JESSE  T.  WRIGHT,  is  one  of  the  rising  young 
men  of  Wallace  and  is  deserving  of  the  popularity  that 
he  enjoys,  both  because  of  his  geniality  and  ability. 
He  is  at  the  present  time  assistant  assayer  in  the 
Standard,  Hecla  and  Mammoth  mines,  with  headquar- 
ters at  Wallace,  and  he  brings  to  this  important  branch 
of  science  a  well  trained  mind  and  fortified  with  prac- 
tical work  in -various  capacities. 

Jesse  T.  Wright  was  born  in  Kansas  on  December 
2,  1876,  the  son  of  Thomas  Wright,  who  is  mentioned 
in  this  work  elsewhere.  Jesse  T.  was  reared  in  Kan- 
sas and  received  a  common  schooling  there,  and  in  1890 
he  came  to  Idaho.  He  studied  in  the  graded  schools 
in  Wardner  for  six  years  and  then  'went  to  Moscow, 
where  he  entered  the  State  University,  and  from  which 
he  took  his  degrees  in  June,  1902.  He  spent  the  years 
in  careful  study  and  painstaking  investigation,  espe- 
cially along  the  lines  in  which  he  is  Engaged  at  present, 


and  the  result  is  that  he  is  a  good  chemist,  a  master  of 
assaying  and  skilled  in  metallurgy. 

Mr.  Wright  is  a  member  of  the  Elks  in  Moscow  and 
also  belongs  to  the  Shoshone  Club.  He  is  received  in 
the  best  circles  and  is  a  young  man  of  capability  and 


has    manifested 
cour 


Dung  man  of  capability  and 
mghness    and    efficiency    in    his 


JOHN  GREEK.  It  is  with  pleasure  that  we  seize 
the  opportunity  to  chronicle  the  career  of  this  estimable 
and  well  known  pioneer,  whose  life  on  the  rugged  fron- 
tier has  demonstrated  him  to  be  made  of  the  qualities 
that  know  neither  fear  nor  fatigue  and  which  have  left 
their  mark  indelibly  on  the  civilization  of  the  west, 
since  he  has  done  much  in  opening  the  way  for  his 
fellows  to  follow. 

John  Greer  was  born  in  Westchester  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  June  16.  1836.  being  the  son  of  James  and 
Mary  (Patchell)  Greer,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  fa- 
ther came  to  the  United  States  when  nineteen,  settling 
in  Westchester  county.  Pennsylvania,  where  he  married 
and  later  moved  to  Ohio.  He  died  at  Steubenville,  in 
the  latter  state,  in  1856,  aged  about  fifty-eight.  The 
mother  came  to  the  United  States  with  her  parents 
when  she  was  fourteen,  and  died  in  Fraser,  in  June, 
1893.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Ohio,  and  there  re- 
ceived his  education  from  the  common  schools,  his 
parents  having  come  thither  when  he  was  six.  When 
John  was  nineteen,  the  year  being  1854,  he  started,  on 
April  17,  with  ox  teams,  to  California.  He  mined  at 
Placerville.  then  called  Hangtown,  Eldorado  county. 
Then  he  wrought  in  Amador  and  Calaveras  counties 
until  1860,  whence  he  went  to  Shasta  county  for  two 
years.  After  that  Mr.  Greer  came  to  the  Pierce  dis- 
trict, and  since  that  time  he  has  been  a  well  known 
factor  in  the  development  here.  He  was  engaged  in 
mining  until  1876..  In  1877,  the  time  of  the  Indian 
war,  Mr.  Greer  bought  the  ferry  at  Greer  from  L. 
Dunwell,  who  started  it  in  1861!  The  Indians  had 
burned  his  property  and  had  set  the  ferry  adrift.  Since 
then  he  has  been  the  ferryman  and  everybody  for  many 
miles  distant  knows  him  as  an  affable  and  genial  gentle- 
man. He  has  a  residence  in  the  edge  of  town  and  also 
has,  across  the  river,  a  farm  of  two  hundred  acres.  Mr. 
Greer  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  has  always  been  an 
adherent  of  that  party.  "  He  has  three  brothers,— 
James  and  Henry,  on  the  Lolo ;  and  William,  in  Har- 
rison county,  Ohio.  Mr.  Greer  has  a  nephew  and  his 
wife  living  with  him.  and  who  keep  house  for  him.  He 
has  been  of  late  years  a  great  sufferer  from  sciatic 
rheumatism,  and  the  riper  years  of  his  life  have  been 
spent  in  much  pain,  but  this  has  not  dimmed  his  bright 
and  genial  spirit,  and  he  has  hosts  of  friends.  During 
the  trying  times  of  Indian  warfare  Mr.  Greer  was  one 
of  the  scouts  who  kept  watch  of  .the  actions  of  the  red- 
skins, thus  enabling  the  soldiers  to  handle  them  with 
wisdom.  It  is  pleasant  to  see  the  hardy  men  who 
braved  all  the  dangers,  fought  the  battles  and  cleft  the 
way  into  the  wilderness  now  enjoying  some  of  'the  pros- 
perity and  good  cheer  of  this  fertile  and  wealthy  region, 
and  we  know  of  none  who  stands  higher  in  the  opinion 


JOHN  GREEK. 


EDWARD  HAMMOND. 


FRANK  GAFFNEY. 


JOHN  J.  GAFFNEY. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  the  people  and  who  is  more  deserving  than  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  and  we  cheerfully  accord  to  him 
a  place  among  the  leaders  of  the  country  and  feel  as- 
sured that  those  who  follow, will  regard  with  gratitude 
the  labors  he  has  done  in  opening  this  country  for 
his  fellows.  The  town  of  Greer,  which  was  laid  out 
i  in  1898,  was  named  after  the  subject  of  this  article. 


HON.  EDWARD  HAMMOND.  No  more  pleas- 
it  task  could  be  assigned  to  us  than  to  write  the  salient 
points  in  the  career  of  the  well  known  and  highly  re- 
spected gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph, 
since  he  is  a  man  of  integrity  and  sterling  worth,  since 
he  is  a  true  pioneer  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  since 
j  he  has  done  a  noble  work  to  develop  and  build  up  this 
tion  of  the  Pierce  district  as  well  as  many  others 
:  in  the  northwest.  These  and  many  other  reasons  en- 
title him  to.  especial  mention  in  the  history  of  this 
county. 

Edward  Hammond  was  born  in  New  Orleans  on 
[March   I.   1830,  being  the  son  of  Edward  and  Mary 
I  (Fox)   Hammond.      The  father  was  born  in  Ireland 
id  came  to  the  United  States  in  1824.      He  was  a 
Dne  mason  and  wrought  on  the  old  locks  of  the  Erie 
nal.      He  then  moved  to  Cincinnati  and  later  came 
L  flat  boats,  trading  on  the  river,  to  New  Orleans, 
here  he  died  of  the  cholera  in  1834,  aged  fifty-four. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Worcestershire, 
'  England,  and  married  in  England  shortly  before  com- 
'  ing  to  the  United  Stafes.     After  her  husband's  death 
she  took  her  children  to  Cincinnati  and  there  remained 
until  her  death,  in  1875,  being  aged  eighty-seven.     Our 
:  subject  was  raised  in  Cincinnati  and  received  a  thor- 
ough education  in  the  St.  Xavier  college  of  the  Jesuits. 
'  Upon  leaving  the  college,  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he 
joined  the  expedition  of  General  Lopez,  a  fillibustering 
•  undertaking  to  Cuba.      They  were  seven  hundred  and 
't  fifty  men  strong  and  went  by  the  steamship  Creole. 
Theodore  O'Hara,  author  of '"The    Bivouac    of    the 
Dead,"  was  one  of  the  number.      On  May  12,   1850. 
they  landed  at  Cardenas,  General  Pickett,  of  Gettysburg 
'fame,  commanding  them.     While  they  were  landing  a 
train  was  in  readiness  to  go  to  Mantanzas,  and  pulled 
t.      Five  thousand  infantry  were   dispatched   from 
that  point  by  land  and  the  Pizzaro,  a  man  of  war,  by  sea 
to  intercept  and  capture  the  Americans.      When  Gen- 
ral  Lopez  heard  of  this  he  started  to  return,  and  at 
that  juncture  three  hundred  lancers,  the  advance  guard 
of  the  infantry,  came  up  and  a  battle  ensued,  wherein 
nearly  all  of  the  lancers  were  slaughtered.     The  Ameri- 
cans then  took  the  town,  losing  fifteen  men  and  having 
thirty  wounded.      They  were  hardly  able  to  bury  the 
dead  before  the  forces  were  coming  up,  and  then  the 
Americans  took  to  their  steamer.      In  attempting  to 
take  the  vessel  out  of  a  narrow  bypath  channel  it  was 
grounded,  and  they  were  unable  to  get  out  for  some 
time.      All  luggage  was  thrown  overboard,  but  to  no 
avail.      The   Pizzaro  came  steaming  into  the  harbor 
and,  having  made  the  circuit  of  it  and  supposing  the 
filibusters  were  gone  to  New  Orleans,  started  in  pur- 


suit. The  Creole  had  been  lying  with  all  lights  out 
and  the  men  unloading  to  shallow  water.  After  five 
hundred  were  out,  she  bore  up  and,  all  being  taken 
abroad,  they  made  for  Key  West.  The  Pizarro  hav- 
ing cruised  for  them  enroute  to  New  Orleans,  came 
toward  Key  West,  and  two  pilots  came  out  at  the  same 
time  for  the  two  vessels.  Thus  the  Creole  was  hurried 
into  the  harbor  before  the  Pizarro  could  fire  on  them. 
The  Creole  was  confiscated,  however,  but  the  men  made 
their  escape.  The  wounded  were  cared  for  by  Gen- 
eral Lopez  as  well  as  possible. 

In  1852  Mr.  Hammond  came  to  California,  and 
after  a  few  months  on  American  river  went  to  Sierra 
county.  He  spent  eight  years  there  and  during  this 
time  he,  in  company  with  Albert  Damas,  now  of  Lewis- 
ton.,  sank  the  first  shaft  on  Holland  flat,  named  from  Mr. 
Hammond's  partner,  and  bed  rock  dirt  showed  up  three 
dollars  and  fifty  cents  per  pan.  In  1858  he  went  to 
Yreka  and  mined  on  Scott's  bar  until  1860,  when  one 
hundred  of  them  went  to  San  Francisco  to  join  the 
regular  cavalry.  Not  being  able  to  join  only  after  be- 
ing distributed  in  the  infantry,  about  half  of  them,  in- 
cluding our  subject,  came  back  to  Yreka.  In  the 
spring  of  1861  Mr.  Hammond  came  to  Lewiston  and 
on  to  Pierce  the  same  year.  A  few  months  later  he  re- 
turned to  Lewiston  and  then  went  to  Montana  and  Cali- 
fornia, and  in  1872  came  back  to  Lewiston.  He  has 
followed  mining,  merchandising  and  ranching  since. 
He  now  has  a  farm  of  hay  and  timber  about  eleven 
miles  southwest  from  Pierce.  In  1874  he  was  probate 
judge,  and  again  in  1880.  In  1877  he  was  called  by 
the  people  to  represent  them  in  the  legislature,  and 
did  his  work  well  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  all.  He 
was  also  auditor  and  recorder  for  four  years. 

The  last  mining  that  Mr.  Hammond  did  was  on 
the  old  Nelson  ditch,  which  he  owned.  This  originally 
cost  Nelson  about  twenty  thousand  dollars.  He  sold 
it  to  Chinamen  and  in  later  years,  as  they  had  no  legal 
right,  they  sold  it  for  five  dollars  to  Pat  Kane,  who 
leased  it  to  them,  thus  avoiding  danger  from  jumpers. 
Later  the  jumpers  came  again,  and  Kane  feared  they 
might  succeed,  so  he  called  the  neighboring  farmers 
in  to  assist  him.  They  all  remained  at  the  Chinese 
boarding  house  all  summer  and  spent  a  fine  holiday. 
They  tired  of  the  expense  and  came  to  Mr.  Hammond 
and 'agreed  that  if  he  would  buy  the  ditch  they  would 
pay  him  any  rental  he  would  choose.  He  bought  it 
from  Kane  for  two  hundred  dollars,  and  then  charged 
the  Chinamen  one  hundred  dollars  per  year  for  it. 
This  continued  for  ten  years.  Mr.  Hammond  also 
had  the  privilege  of  taking  the  surplus  water,  which 
netted  him  about  five  hundred  dollars  per  year.  Last 
year  the  lease  expired  and  he  sold  the  ditch  to  the  Gold 
Hill  company,  and  the  Chinese  returned  to  China. 

Mr.  Hammond  had  one  brother,  James,  who  per- 
ished in  Andersonvillc  prison  during  the  Civil  war. 

On  January  8,  1884,  Mr.  Hammond  married  Mrs. 
Mary  F.,  widow  of  John  Carrigan,  who  was  born  in 
Missouri  in  1846.  Her  father  and  his  family  settled 
in  Oregon  when  Mrs.  Hammond  was  a  child.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hammond  are  hisjhly  respected  people  and 
have  the  good  will  and  esteem  of  all.  They  are  fully 


1098 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


entitled  to  the  goodly  share  of  this  world's  goods  which 
they  have  gathered  by  their  industry  and  are  now  en- 
joying in  the  golden  years  of  their  lives. 


HON.  FRANK  GAFFNEY  is  one  of  the  best 
known  men  of  southern  Shoshone  county,  and  he  is  as 
popular  as  he  is  well  known.  When  but  twenty-six 
years  of  age  he  was  called  by  a  hearty  vote  of  the  people 
to  act  as  the  representative  to  the  state  legislature,  and 
in  that  capacity,  as  in  all  others,  he  has  been  found  a 
man  of  intelligence,  integrity  and  executive  force.  He 
is  now  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  of  two  hundred  acres, 
which  is  well  stocked  with  cattle,  horses  and  hogs, 
while  also  he  does  a  mercantile  business  in  Weippe.  He 
is  a  thorough  business  man  and  has  done  a  lion's  share 
in  the  development  of  the  country. 

Frank  Gaffney  was  born  in  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia, on  October  16,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Patrick 
and  Bridget  Gaffney,  who  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in 
this  volume.  When  nine  months  of  age  he  was  brought 
in  his  mother's  arms  to  Pierce,  and  here  he  has  resided 
since.  Before  the  schools  were  established  his  wise 
father  hired  a  college  graduate  for  eighty  dollars  per 
month  to  teach  his  sons,  and  the  result  was  that  the 
boys  all  have  a  fine  practical  education.  Our  subject 
worked  with  his  father  and  studied  until  twenty-one, 
and  then  he  filed  on  a  claim  adjoining  his  father's  place 
and  has  raised  stock  and  hay  since  that  time.  When 
the  new  county  was  organized  he  was  appointed  audi- 
tor. It  was  iii  November,  1892,  that  Mr.  Gaffney  was 
called  to  the  legislature,  and  he  has  appeared  in  poli- 
tics, always  a  stanch  Democrat,  but  owing  to  the  Popu- 
list movement,  lie  was  defeated.  Last  year  he  lacked 
only  five  votes  of  being  county  commissioner. 

'On  September  24,  1895,  Mr.  Gaffney  married  Miss 
Belle,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Susan  (Mitchell) 
Steele,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father  was  a  promi- 
nent and  wealthy  stock  owner,  and  died  in  Woodbine, 
Kentucky,  on  May  9,  1902,  aged  sixty-nine.  The 
paternal  great-grandfather  of  our  subject-  was 
in  the  war  of  1812.  The  parents  of  our 
subject's  mother  were  prominent  land  owners, 
and  the  father  was  a  Christian  preacher  and  influ- 
ential man  in  politics.  Mrs.  Gaffney  was  born  in 
Woodbine,  Kentucky,  on  November  24,  1868.  She 
was  educated  in  the  Cora  Institute  at  Pleasant  View, 
Kentucky,  being  thoroughly  qualified  for  the  work  of 
the  educator.  She  taught  in  Kentucky  for  two  years, 
and  in  1889  came  to  Washington  and  taught,  then  fol- 
lowing her  profession  in  Lewiston  and  later  in  Weippe 
she  taught  ten  months.  Mrs.  Gaffney  has  two  brothers 
and  one  sister,— Edmund  and  Emby,  "both  in  Kentucky  ; 
Emma,  wife  of  Walter  Graves,  a  merchant  in  Ken- 
tucky. Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gaffney— Frank  E.,  John  P.,  Fay  S.  and  Clyde  A. 


JOHN  T.  GAFFNEY.  It  is  seldom  our  privilege 
to  be  able  to  chronicle  the  career  of  one  so  thoroughly 
a  pioneer  as  the  subject  of  this  article,  as  the  following 
will  testify. 


John  J.  Gaffney  was  bprn  in  Barclay's  gulch,  three 
miles  east  from  Pierce,  oh  November  19,  1868,  being 
the  son  of  Patrick  and  Bridget  (Gaffney)  Gaffney, 
natives  of  Ireland,  and  although  of  the  same  name  yet 
not  related.  John  was  raised  in  the  Pierce  district, 
and  thus  has  known  the  frontier  all  of  his  days.  'He 
was  educated  in  the  schools  which  the  wisdom  and  en- 
ergy of  his  father  established,  and  he  was  an  apt  scholar 
both  in  books  and  in  learning  the  ways  of  raising  stock, 
mining  and  other  pioneer  undertakings.  In  1889  he 
filed  a  pre-emption  and  later  took  a  homestead,  the 
half  section  being  near  Weippe.  He  handles  one  hun- 
dred acres  to  hay  and  most  of  the  balance  is  first  class 
timber.  Mr.  Gaffney  gives  his  attention  mostly  to 
mining,  and  is  a  master  hand  at  that.  He  owns  the 
Ozark  group  of  four  claims,  about  one  mile  southeast 
from  Pierce,  having  as  partners  in  this  his  brother, 
William,  and  John  Pond.  Our  subject  discovered  the 
property  in  1898,  and  they  now  have  a  Kendall  roller 
mill,  eight  hundred  feet  of  tunnel  and  have  milled 
three  hundred  and  six  tons,  which  averaged  eighteen 
dollars  and  thirty  cents  per  ton.  The  milling  has  all 
been  done  since  June,  1901.  They  use  from  six  to 
twelve  men  when  running  and  the  property  is  now 
bonded  for  fifty-seven  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Gaffney 
also  has  eighty  acres  within  the  limits  of  the  Pierce 
town  site.  He  also  owns  the  Pioneer  hotel,  which  he 
has  recently  erected  in  Pierce,  and  which  is  doing  a 
good  business.  Mr.  Gaffney  has  three  brothers, — 
Frank  and  William,  who  are  mentioned  in  this  work, 
and  Robert,  who  is  operating  a  farm  near  Weippe. 
Also  he  has  one  sister,  Mary,  wife  of  Matthew  Dowd, 
in  Tammany  hollow.  Mr.  Gaffney  is  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat and  is  generally  found  at  the  conventions,  and.  is 
committeeman  for  his  precinct. 

On  January  i,  1893,  Mr.  Gaffney  married  Miss 
Dora,  daughter  of  George  and  Harriet  (Dorothy)  Bar- 
rows, natives  of  Iowa  and  now  living  near  Fraser. 
Mrs.  Gaffney  was  born  in  Iowa  on  May  26,  1874,  and 
has  one  brother  and  five  sisters, — Emmet,  at  home; 
Fannie,  wife  of  Flemmins:  Smith;  Annie,  wife  of 
Charles  Loney  :  Erne,  wife  "of  James  Jolly ;  Jannie,  wife 
of  Charles  Myers,  all  near  Fraser ;  Arlie,  at  home.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Gaffney  have  two  children,— Edwin  and  Ella. 
Mr.  Gaffney  is  a  man  of  intelligence  and  energy  and 
has  made  a  place  for  himself  among  the  leaders  of  this 
enterprising  community,  where  he  is  recognized  as,  a 
man  of  sterling  worth  and  integrity. 


AUGUST  PAULSEN.  We  greet  with  pleasm. 
the  privilege  of  recounting,  though  necessarily  in  an 
epitomized  form,  the  salient  points  in  the  career  of 
the  subject  of  this  article.  Not  alone  because  he  is 
one  of  the  leading-  capitalists  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
districts,  and  has  demonstrated  himself  one  of  the 
keen  and  far  seeing  mining  men,  but  because  of  the 
personal  characteristics  that  are  manifested  in  his 
every  day  walk  and  the  stability  and  firmness,  domi- 
nated v,  ith  cool  reserve  and  consummate  wisdom 
which  have  brought  to  him  his  brililant  success. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


August  Paulsen  was  born  in  Denmark  on  July  29, 
1871,  the  son  of  Paul  and  Anna  (Andersen)  Paulsen, 
natives  of  Denmark,  where  the  mother  now  lives,  the 
father  having  died  when  August  was  an  infant.  Our 
subject  received  an  education  in  his  native  country 
and  in  1891  bade  farewell  to  all  native  scenes  and 
friends  and  came  to  the  United  States.  He  landed 
in  Chicago  on  June  ist,  and  followed  farm  work  in 
Illinois  until  September,  1892.  Then  came  a  trip  to 
Spokane  where  he  entered  the  employ  of  some  of  the 
leading  dairymen  and  continued  steadily  at  this  call- 
ing until  April,  1894.  Then  he  came  to  Wallace  and 
entered  the  employ  of  Mr.  Markwell,  mentioned  else- 
where in  this  work.  He  continued  with  him  until 
June,  1896,  and  during  this  time  he  bought  an  interest 
in  the  Hercules,  paying  eight  hundred  and  fifty  dol- 
lars for  a  fourth  of  the  property.  In  the  summer  of 
1896  Mr.  Paulsen  worked  in  the  mine  and  in  the  win- 
ter returned  to  the  dairy  business.  He  continued  this 
method  until  December  12,  1901,  and  it  is  testified 
to  by  all  that  in  all  these  years  of  trying  labor  and 
pushing  forward  under  great  difficulties  the  develop- 
ment of  this  property,  none  manifested  such  zeal  in 
the  labor,  such  faith  in  the  property  and  such  steady 
determination  to  reach  the  goal  of  showing  up  what 
the  property  possessed  as  did  Mr.  Paulsen.  He  was 
ready  for  the  hardest  part  and  always  willing  to  take 
up  the  most  arduous  burden  and  with  vigor  and  good 
will  put  the  work  along.  Following  his  labors  in 
the  mine,  Mr.  Paulsen  went  to  San  Francisco  and 
accomplished  a  purpose  long  in  his  mind,  that  of  get- 
ting higher  training  in  the  field  of  education  and  there 
under  private  instruction  he  continued  his  studies  with 
the  gratifying  result  that  he  desired. 

On  September  15,  1902,  Mr.  Paulsen  married 
Miss  Myrtle  White,  who  was  born  in  Colfax,  March 
20,  1880.  Since  that  date  Mr.  Paulsen  has  been 
traveling  with  his  bride  and  they  have  visited  many 
popular  and  famous  resorts.  Mrs.  Paulsen  has  three 
brothers  and  one  sister:  John,  Warren  A.,  Edward, 
Mrs.  Anna  Conner.  Mr.  Paulson  has  one  brother, 
Charles,  and  one  sister,  Emma. 

Mrs.  Paulsen  is  a  graduate  of  the  high  school  at 
Colfax  and  also  took  a  business  course 'in  Spokane. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paulsen  are  of  excellent  standing  and 
are  amoncr  the  substantial  and  capable  people  of  the 

r  city  of  Wallace.  Mr.  Paulsen  has  manifested  in  his 
career,  when  he  was  facing  the  wave  of  a  strong  bat- 

(  tie,  in  the  industrial  world  and  all  along  from  the 
time  that  he  commenced  to  do  for  himself,  the  quality 
that  won  for  him  his  mammoth  holding,  namely  that 
of  cool  and  calm  deliberation  in  sagacity  and  backed 

mount   any   difficulty   and   unlock   the   most   intricate 
problem. 


HORATIO  L.  GRAY:  A  well  known  mining  man, 
a  genial  and  intelligent  companion,  an  upright  and 
well  posted  citizen,  with  public  spirit  and  progressive 
ideas,  and  withal,  one  of  the  leading  mining  property 
owners  of  this  section,  it  is  quite  fitting  that  we  should 


accord  to  Mr.  Gray  representation  in  the  history  of 
Shoshone  county. 

Horatio  L.  Gray  was  born  in  Maine  on  January  3, 
1838,  being  the  son  of  Horatio  and  Eliza  (Madden) 
Gray,  natives  of  Maine.  The  father  died  in  1840,  aged 
thirty-five.  The  mother  died  in  1882,  aged  ninety. 
Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Maine,  and 
when  he  was  eighteen  went  to  New,  Brunswick  and 
Nova  Scotia,  where  he  did  lumbering  for  two  years. 
In  1859  he  came  to  California  and  mined  and  freighted 
and  did  general  merchandising.  In  1862  he  was  in 
Pierce  and  two  years  were  spent  in  the  different  camps 
and  then  he  went  to  Eagle  creek,  in  eastern  Oregon, 
and  there  spent  six  years  in  mining,  merchandising 
and  freighting.  He  finally  returned  to  the  Pierce  dis- 
trict in  1870  and  located  the  Agnostic  mine  and  sev- 
eral others  of  the  French  Creek  Mining  Company, 
which  is  doubtless  a  company  with  some  good  prop- 
erty. Our  subject  also  owns  three  hundred  and  eighty 
acres  of  fine  placer  ground,  upon  which  he  operates 
about  six  men  in  season.  In  1897  he  located  on  what 
is  now  known  as  the  Ellis  Small  place,  and  having 
commuted,  he  took  an  interest  in  the  Wright  &  Small 
addition  to  Orofino,  and  there  he  makes  his  home -in 
the  winters..  Mr.  Gray  has  one-third  of  this  property. 
He  has  two  brothers,  one  half  brother  and  one  sister, 
named  in  their  order,  George,  William  Grav,  Andrew 
White.  Martha  Cracker. 

On  January  i,  1879,  at  Lewiston,  Mr.  Gray  mar- 
ried Miss  Louisa,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Louisa 
(Morrison)  Cox.  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Illi- 
nois, respectively.  The  father  came  to  Oregon  in 
1847  with  ox  teams  and  was  a  sturdy  pioneer.  He 
died  March,  1894.  The  mother  came  to  Oregon  with 
her  parents  in  an  early  day  and  was  married  in  Yam- 
hill  countv.  Mrs.  Gray  was  born  in  S'ilverton,  Marion 
county..  Oregon,  on  June  9,  1860,  and  she  has  four 
brothers— Wesley,  Leander,  Edgar,  Ernest— all  farm- 
ers. Five  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gray— Mabel.  Robert,  Joe,  Roxie  and  Martha. 


ANNIE  SQUANCE.  Among  the  leading  busi- 
ness people  of  Wallace  there  must  not  be  failure  to 
mention  the  name  of  the  subject  of  this  article,  a  lady 
whose  skill  and  executive  ability  have  wrought  out 
excellent  success  in  all  her  career,  which  has  been  an 
active  one  in  various  large  centers  of  the  world. 

Annie  Squance  was  born  in  Devonshire,  England, 
on  December  3,  1865,  the  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Susan  (Lee)  Squance,  natives  of  England.  The 
father  died  March  23,  1902,  and  the  mother  lives  in 
Exeter,  England.  Miss  Squance  was  well  educated  in 
her  native  land  and  in  1881  landed  in  New  York.  She 
soon  went  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  and  took  up  the 
lodging  house  business.  Later  we  find  her  in  the  same 
business  in  Chicago,  whence  she  returned  to  New  York 
and  after  a  time  in  that  metropolis  she  went  to  Eng- 
land and  in  London  and  later  in  Paris  she  did  srood 
business  in  the  lodging  house  and  hotel  business.  Since 
that  time,  Miss  Squance  has  crossed  and  re-crossed 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  ocean  nine  times.  She  settled  in  California,  and  for 
seven  years  was  prominently  identified  with  the  hotel 
and  lodging  house  busjness  in  that  state.  Later  she 
went  to  Calaveras  county  and  paid  attention  to  mining 
for  one  year.  She  now  owns  the  Ellen  Vtmnon,  a  pay- 
ing mine  six  miles  from  San  Andreas.  The  mine  is 
provided  with  an  eight  stamp  mill  and  is  a  paying  prop- 
erty. On  September  18,  1900,  Miss  Squance  came  to 
Wallace  and  soon  thereafter  leased  the  well  known  Pa- 
cific hotel,  one  of  the  leading  hostelries  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country.  It  is  the  only  strictly  American  plan 
.house  in  the  town  and  is  one  of  the  popular  resorts  of 
ning  men  and  the  public  in  general.  Miss  Squa 


ha 


put  her  practical  knowledge  i 
and  the  result  is  n 


n  this 


property  and  the  result  is  now  one  of  the  finest  places 
for  the  traveling  public  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
state. 

Miss  Squance  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters :  George,  Richard,  William,  Thomas,  Henry,  Maty 
Evarren,  Ellen  Wright.  She  has  much  property  in  va- 
rious places,  especially  in  England,  where  she  owns 
twelve  fine  dwellings.  She  is  a  woman  of  culture  and 
refinment  and  withal  possesses  the  happy  faculty  of 
business  ability  and  sagacity  which  have  been  demon- 
strated in  an  unbounded  success  in  the  financial  world. 


RODERICK  J.  McLEOD  is  at  the  present  time 
the  efficient  and  capable  blacksmith  in  the  Morning 
mine  at  Mullan  and  is  a  man  of  good  standing 
and  the  recipient  of  the  esteem  of  the  people.  He 
was  born  in  Gelgarry  county,  Ontario,  on  October  27, 
1854,  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  (McDonnell)  Mc- 
Leod, natives  of  Ontario,  where  they  now  live.  The 
paternal  ancestors  came  from  Scotland  in  1786  as  also 
did  the  maternal  ancestors.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  excellent  public  schools  of  Ontario  and  assisted 
his  father  on  the  farm.  When  eighteen  he  came  to 
Michigan  and  learned  the  blacksmith  trade,  which  he 
wrought  at  until  1877,  when  we  see  him  in  Leadville, 
Colorado.  In  1885  he  went  back  to  his  native  place 
and  visited  for  three  years  and  then,  it  being  1888,  he 
came  to  Mullan.  From  that  date  until  1894,  he  was 
blacksmith  for  the  Hunter  mine.  Then  we  see  him 
in  the  same  capacity  for  the  New  York  and  Last 
Chance  until  1896,  in  which  year  he  returned  to  Mul- 
lan and  held  the  position  of  foreman  of  the  Hunter 
mine  for  two  years.  The  next  year  he  was  blacksmith 
for  the  Morning  mine  and  the  two  years  following  that 
he  was  again  foreman  for  the  Hunter  mine.  After 
that  time  had  expired  he  returned  again  to  his 
former  position  of  blacksmith  for  the  Morning  mine 
where  he  has  continued  until  the  present  time.  Mr. 
McLeod  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters : 
John  C,  lohn  S.,  Christopher,  Finley,  Mrs.  Annie 
McDonald^  Mrs.  Jeanette  McDonald. 

On  June  30,  1879,  at  Leadville,  Colorado,  Mr.  Mc- 
Leod married  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Alexander  and 
Sarah  McPhee.  Mrs.  McLeod  has  one  brother  and 
five  sisters,  Alexander,  Mrs.  Mary  McDonald,  Mrs. 
Christie  Foley.  Mrs.  Flora  McDonald.  Mrs.  Hattie  Mc- 


Kay, Mrs.  Isabelle  Crawford.  Six  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McLeod,  Isabella,  Sarah,  wife  of 
Joseph  Fay,  in  Butte,  Montana;  Mary,  Cassie,  John  and 
Jennet,  deceased.  Mr.  McLeod  is  a  member  of  the 
W.  W.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  is  independent  in  po- 
litical matters  and  a  man  of  substantial  qualities  and 
always  allied  on  the  side  of  progress  and  unbuilding. 


WILLIAM  R.  TURNER,  of  the  firm  of  Turner 
Brothers,  is  a  popular  and  substantial  business  man 
Wallace  and  at  his  neat  and  attractive  store,  where  he 
deals  in  confections,  stationery  and  cigars,  he  is  to  be 
found  always  attentive  to  business  and  characterized 
by  a  geniality  and  gentlemanliness  that  have  won  him 
the  esteem  of  all. 

William  R.  Turner  was  born  in  Michigan,  on  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1877,  the  son  of  Dionysius  J.  and  Eliza  J. 
(Sharpe)  Turner,  natives  of  Ireland  and  Canada,  re- 
spectively. The  father  died  in  Michigan  in  1885  and 
had  been  in  the  office  of  the  overseer  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  lines  for  twenty-one  years.  The  mother  lives 
in  Quebec.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Michigan  until 
eight  and  then  went  to  Canada  to  dwell  wkh  his  uncle 
on  a  farm.  He  attended  district  school  until  thirteen 
and  then  commenced  his  career  in  a  general  merchan- 
dise store.  Five  years  were  spent  in  this  fine  training 
and  then  we  see  him  in  Butte,  Montana,  where  he  was 
employed  in  a  concentrating  plant.  Four  years  w< 
spent  in  that  service  and  in  1899,  Mr.  Turner  came  to 
Wallace.  Shortly  after  arriving  here  he  and  his  broth- 
er, Winfield  Turner,  bought  out  the  business  of  Hone- 
ker  &  Fordyce,  and  since  that  time  the  Turner  Broth- 
ers have  been  one  of  the  prosperous  and  progressi 
business  firms  of  Wallace.  Our  subject  gives  his 
personal  attention  to  the  business  and  his  brother  i 
now  in"  Montana  taking  care  of  other  interests  of  the 
firm.  They  have  a  nice  new  store  and  carry  a  large 
ytock  of  goods,  of  the  choicest  brands,  and  their  kind 
and  deferential  treatment  of  all  have  given  them  a  thriv- 
ing patronage.  Mr.  Turner  has  one  other  brother, 
Richard  J.,  and  two  sisters,  Theresa  A.,  Charlotte  L. 
Eager. 

On  November  14,  1898,  at  St.  Marie,  Michigan, 
Mr.  Turner  married  Ida  M.,  daughter  of  John  and 
Annie  (McQitcheon)  Craigie,  natives  of  the  province 
of  Quebec.  The  father  is  deceased  and  the  mother  lives 
there  now.  Mrs.  Turner  was  born  ifi  Quebec  and  has 
two  brothers,  William  and  Harry.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  this  union,  Esther  A.,  born  February  n, 
1900,  and  Harold  D.,  born  August  30,  1901.  Mr. 
Turner  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  he  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  Episcopalian  church. 


CHRISTIAN  D.  JONES  was  born  in  Swansea, 
Wales,  on  May  /,  1824,  being  the  son  of  David  Jones, 
who  was  drowned  at  sea  when  Christian  was  two  years 
old.  The  father  was  a  sea  captain.  The  mother  died 
when  this  son  was  one  year  old.  Left  an  orphan,  he. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  brought  up  on  board  a  ship  and  has  visited  all  parts 
of  the  globe.  In  1849  he  came  as  mate  on  a  bark  to 
San  Francisco  and  went  at  once  to  mining,  and  'as  he 
was  successful,  he  bought  the  schooner  Francis  Adams, 
took  her  to  Tahita  to  get  oranges,  and  as  he  was  sailing 
to  San  Francisco  he  was  obliged  to  beach  her  to  save 
the  crew.  Again  he  turned  to  the  mines  for  a  stake, 
which  he  made.  Then  came  a  trip  to  Maine  to  marry 
Emma  Moody,  with  whose  father  he  had  sailed  for  a 
long  time,  and  whom  he  had  known  since  they  were 
children.  He  brought  her  to  the  coast  and  located 
twenty-five  miles  above  Marysville  on  the  Yuba  river 
"  and  did  a  butcher  business.  Then  he  mined  a  couple 
of  years  and  went  to  San  Francisco  and  left  his  wife 
and  child.  Later  divorce  proceedings  came  on  and  he 
secured  his  child,  Ida,  who  is  now  the  wife  of  H. 

in  a  private  hospital,  being  a  skilled  physician,  having 
graduated  from  Kinsell  College,  Lewiston,  Maine. 
After  this  blow  our  subject  remained  in  California  un- 
til 1861,  then  came  to  Pierce  and  Elk  Creek.  Gbing 
out  for  supplies,  he  was  snowed  out  and  wintered  in 
Walla  Walla.  He  then  packed,  mined  and  freighted. 
He  was  taken  sick  with  typhoid  in  Salt  Lake  City  and 
upon  recovery  went  horseback  to  Omaha,  thence  to 
St.  Joseph,  to  see  his  daughter  there  in  school.  In  1865 
Mr.  Jones  went  to  South  America.  He  prospected  in 
Peru,  Ecuador,  United  States  of  Colombia,  up  and 
down  the  Isthmus  region  and  in  Central  America  and 
found  gold,  but  was  unable  to  stand  the  people  and 
the  climate.  Then  he  returned  to  the  United  States 
and  mined  and  wrought  in  various  sections  and  finally 
drifted  back  to  his  present  place,  one  mile  east  from 
Blake,  which  he  took  in  1881,  He  raises  stock,  winter- 
ing as  high  as  ninety-five  head.  He  has  given  his  at- 
tention to  this  labor  since  his  settlement  here,  and  Mr. 
Jones  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  this  section.  He 
is  passing  the  golden  years  of  his  eventful  and  active 
career  alone  in  the  quiet  retreat  of  his  home,  and  labors 
on  with  the  gratifying  meed  of  success  in  financial  mat- 
ters. He  is  respected  by  all.  has  been  a  faithful  and  up- 
right man,  has  hosts  of  friends  and  is  traveling  the  pil- 
grim journey  in  the  evening  of  life  with  an  assurance 
that  he  has  wrought  well. 


EDWARD  H.  WRIGHT,  who  manages  the  Pa- 
cific Hotel  in  such  a  skillful  manner  that  he  has  made 
it  one  of  the  popular  houses  of  the  entire  Cceur  d'Alene 
country,  is  a  genial  and  affable  man,  with  great  experi- 
ence in  the  ways  of  business,  and  is  a  successful  and 
leading  citizen. 

Edward  H.  Wright  was  born  in  Wabasha,  Minne- 
sota, on  September  24,  1862,  the  son  of  Warren  W. 
and  Mary  f.  (Isman)  Wright,  natives  of  New  York. 
The  father  died  in  January.  1902,  and  his  parents  were 
natives  of  Ireland.  The  mother  lives  in  St.  Cloud, 
Minnesota.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Minnesota 
and  was  well  trained,  having  the  benefit  of  a  State 
Normal  course  and  a  special  course  in  Bishop  Whip- 
pie's  school,  Shattuck  Hall.  On  leaving  his  studies  he 


took  up  telegraphy  and  was  soon  in  the  railroad  serv- 
ice, and  so  faithful  and  efficient  was  he  in  this  line  that 
for  twenty-four  years  Mr.  Wright  could  have  been 
found  at  his  desk  in  some  of  the  leading  positions  in 
the  country.  He  was  city  ticket  agent  in  St.  Cloud  for 
twelve  years,  then  chief  clerk  in  the  superintendent's 
office  of  the  Duluth,  Mesaba  &  Northern,  and  in  1897 
lie  came  thence  to  Portland,  where  he  was  with  the  O., 
R.  &  N.  for  some  time.  Following  that  time  Mr. 
Wright  was  for  several  months  engaged  in  traveling 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  after  which  he  was  agent  at  Burke 
and  cashier  in  Wallace.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Wright  in 
his  present  position,  and  since  he  has  devoted  his  ener- 
gies to  the  interests  of  the  Pacific  House,  and  a  natter- 
ing success  has  attended  him,  as  is  evidenced  in  the 
thriving  patronage  which  the  hotel  enjoys. 

Mr.  Wright  has  three  sisters,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Gude,  Mrs. 
J.  D.  Stevenson,  Mrs.  Charles  Oram. 

On  Januaury  22,  1884,  Mr.  Wright  married  Miss 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  Henry  and  Charlotte  (Lee) 
Brown,  natives  of  England.  The  wedding  occurred  at 
St.  Cloud,  Minnesota,  and  there,  also,  on  April  29, 
1899,  Mrs.  Wright  was  called  by  death,  and  she  left 
two  daughters,  Charlotte  B.  and  Helen  J.,  now  aged 
eighteen  and  sixteen,  respectively.  They  live  in  She- 
boygan,  Wisconsin.  On  December  14,  1901,  at  Wal- 
lace, Mr.  Wright  married  Miss  Ellen  Squance,  a  na- 
tive of  England,  whose  parents  and  brothers  are  men- 
tioned elsewhere.  Mr.  Wright  is  a  member  of  the  A. 
F.  and  A.  M.,  the  R.  A.  M.  and  the  K.  P.  Mr. 
Wright  is  a  Democrat,  but  does  not  participate  in  pol- 
itics for  personal  preferment. 


MAURICE  H.  'HARE  is  cashier  of  the  Bank  of 
Commerce  and  in  that  responsible  position  he  has  man- 
ifested great  skill  and  fine  business  ability,  while  com- 
mensurate therewith  has  been  displayed  stanch  and 
unswerving  integrity  and  a  faithfulness  and  uprightness 
which  have  commended  him  to  the  esteem  and  confi- 

Maurice  H.  Hare  was  born  in  Greensburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  June  n,  1868,  the  son  of  Felix  N.  and  Anna 
E.  (Cochrane)  Hare,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  also  and 
descended  from  old  and  prominent  families.  The  mother 
clied  in  1898,  but  the  father  still  lives  at  Lima,  Ohio. 
Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  place 
till  about  thirteen  and  then  he  started  out  in  life  for 
himself  and"  worked  at  various  employments  in  the  oil 
regions,  never  forgetting  to  keep  industriously  at  the 
books  and  reading,  even  to  the  present  day,  which  have 
furnished  his  mind  with  a  wide  range  of  knowledge 


age.  He  learned  telegraphy  and  followed  it  almost 
constantly  until  his  acceptance  of  his  present  position, 
in  November,  1902.  He  came  west  in  1888  and  until 
1892  he  was  cashier  in  the  N.  P.  office  at  Coeur  d'Alene 
city,  in  the  auditing  department  in  Spokane  and  agent 
of  the  Spokane  Falls  &  Northern.  In  1892,  Mr.  Hare 
went  to  Michigan  and  was  agent  for  the  C.  &  W.  M.  R. 
R.  at  Charlexoix  and  Petoskey  for  five  years.  Then  we 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


see  him  in  the  superintendent's  office  of  the  N.  P.  in 
Missoula.  Later  he  was  agent  at  Burke  and  after  that 
he  was  agent  here  at  Wallace  for  more  than  three 
years.  Mr.  Hare  has  shown  efficiency  and  faithfulness 
in  all  of  his  career  and  he  is  a  good  man  now  in  a 
responsible  position.  Mr.  Hare  has  the  following  broth- 
ers and  sisters :  Charles  V.,  Paul  F.,  Olive  Fitch,  Hel- 
en Powell,  Katherine. 

On  September  25,  1892,  Mr.  Hare  married  Miss 
Ruby,  daughter  of  Willard  B.  and  Julia  Field,  natives 
of  Illinois.  The  father  died  in  Spokane  in  1902,  but 
the  mother  still  lives  in  that  city.  They  were  descended 
from  prominent  and  old  American  families  and  Mr. 
Field  was  a 'prominent  man  in  the  state  affairs  of  Wash- 
ington, having  been  state  senator  from  Stevens  and 
Spokane  counties.  Mrs.  Hare  was  born  in  Iowa  and 
her  wedding  occurred  in  Lament,  that  state.  She  has 
three  brothers  and  three  sisters,  Orin,  Fred,  Willard. 
Alice  Bungay,  Mary,  Bernice.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hare 
four  children  have  been  born,  Bernice,  Hellen,  Doro- 
thy, Maurice.  Mr.  Hare  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and 
A.  M.,  the  R.  A.  M.,  of  the  K.  T.  and  of  the  Elks.  He 
is  a  strong  Republican  and  is  treasurer  of  the  'city  of 
Wallace.  Mr.  Hare  is  interested  in  mining  property 
and  is  treasurer  of  the  Oreano  and  secretary  of  the 
Comet  and  treasurer  of  the  Trade  Dollar. 


\ 

EDWIN  W.  BLAKE  was  born  in  the  province  of 
Quebec  on  June  15,  1839,  being  the  son  of  Francis  and 
Sophia  (Brown)  Blake.  The  father  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire  and  his  father  also.  He  went  to  Canada 
when  twenty-one  and  remained  until  his  death  in  1866, 
when  he  was  aged  eighty-seven  years,  seven  months 
and  twenty-seven  days.  He  was  an  officer  in  the  Brit- 
ish army,  being  both  major  and  recruiting  officer.  He 
was  prominent  in  political  matters  and  was  county 
judge  for  eight  years.  The  paternal  grandfather  of  our 
subject  served  for  years  in  the  Revolution.  The  mother 

family.  Her  father  was  in  the  Revolution  and  her 
brother  Moses  was  a  captain  in  the  Civil  war.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  and  reared  in  Canada  and  learned 
there  the  carpenter  trade.  He  worked  with  his  father 
until  twenty-two  and  then  received  land  from  his  father 
and  that  he  farmed  until  the  father  died.  At  that  time 
he  moved  to  New  York  and  wrought  at  his  trade  for 
twenty  years.  Then  he  wrought  in  Sully,  South 
Dakota,  Duluth.  Minnesota,  Spokane,  Postfalls,  erect- 
ing a  large  flour  mill  in  the  latter  place.  He  was  cap- 
tain of  a  steamboat  on  Lake  Coeur  d'Alene  for  a  year, 
then  built  a  flour  mill  at  Leland  and  after  a  couple  of 
years  farming  he  came  to  his  present  place,  at  Blake. 
Mr.  Blake  is  postmaster.  He  has  one  of  the  best  if  not 
the  best  place  in  the  vicinity  and  raises  tomatoes  and 
kindred  vegetables  and  fruits.  He  has  good  improve- 
ments, a  fine  supply  of  pure  spring  water,  does  general 
farming  and  stock  raising.  Mr.  Blake  has  four  broth- 
ers, Moses,  Isaac,  Oscar,  Ashley,  and  four  sisters,  Lu- 
cinda,  widow  of  N.  Wentworth,  Nancy  Moore,  Emily 
Lockwood,  Mary  J.  Lippett. 


At  Gray  Eagle,  Minnesota,  on  May  27,  1888,  Mr. 
Blake  married  Miss  Minnie  E.,  daughter  of  Alvin  P. 
and  Sarah  M.  (Ives)  Davies.  She  was  born  in  Man- 
kato,  Minnesota,  on  May  27,  1860.  Mr.  Davies  was 
born  in  New  York,  on  October  30,  1832  and  died  in 
1897.  He  served  in  Company  E,  Ninth  Minnesota  all 
through  the  war.  He  was  sergeant  and  refused  a  cap- 
taincy. His  father  served  in  war  of  1812  and  his  grand- 
father was  in  the  Revolution,  crossed  the  Delaware  with 
Washington,  participated  in  Valley  Forge  sufferings 
and  served  through  the  entire  war.  Mr.  Alvin  P.  Davis 
came  from  Wisconsin  to  Minnesota  with  ox  teams  and 
was  prominent  in  affairs  of  the  latter  place.  The  mother 
of  Mrs.  Blake  was  born  in  New  York  from  a  promi- 
nent New  England  family  and  her  father's  ancestors 
were  leading  individuals  in  the  Revolution.  Six  chil- 
dren were  born  to  Mr.  Blake  by  a  previous  marriage, 
Charles  E.,  Arthur  C,  Chauncey  W.,  Henry  E.,  Eva 
A.,  Ida  M.  By  his  present  marriage  he  has  six  chil- 
dren, Francis  A.,  Clyde  D.,  Mabel,  Earl,  Ruth,  Teodore. 
Mr.  Blake  has  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
for  forty  years  and  has  acted  as  pastor  and  local 
preacher  for  many  years  and  in  many  places.  He  has 
also  been  superintendent  of  Sunday  school  for  much  of 
his  life,  having  been  engaged  thus  in  some  very  large 
schools.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican,  is  justice  of  the 
peace  and  clerk  of  the  school  board.  Mr.  Blake  has 
given  considerable  intelligent  attention  to  rearing  trout 
and  has  two  fine  ponds  and  is  constructing  others.  He 
receives  consignments  of  he  small  fishes  from  the  gov- 
ernment hatcheries  and  is  an  expert  and  quite  enthusi- 
astic in  this  line  of  important  industry. 


HARRY  COLLER.  From  the  noted  land  of 
Greece,  born  of  a  family  of  merchants  and  prominent 
people,  comes  the  subject  of  this  article,  who  is  now  one 
of  the  patriotic  and  substantial  citizens  of  Mullan,  Ida- 
ho, where  in  partnership  with  Fred  Greenwald,  he  con- 
ducts the  Windsor  hotel.  This  hotel  is  the  leading 
commercial  and  popular  hotel  of  the  town,  is  head- 
quarters for  mining  men  and  prospectors  and  is  a  pop- 
ular resort.  They  maintain  a  fine  exhibition  of  min- 
erals, have  a  stock  quotation  board  and  are  one  of  the 
leading  business  establishments  of  the  district. 

Harry  Coller  was  born  in  Greece,  on  February  8, 
1870,  the  son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Smith)  Coller,  na- 
tives of  Greece,  where  they  now  reside.  Our  subject 
graduated  from  the  high  school  of  Corfu  and  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1891,  having  also  been  book- 
keeper in  Greece  a  time  before  that.  After  a  short  time 
in  New  York,  he  came  to  Seattle  and  worked  in  va- 
rious hotels  until  1893.  Then  he  came  to  Spokane 
and  in  the  Spoknae  hotel  he  was  in  every  capacity  in  the 
kitchen  from  the  broiler  to  head  cook,  leaving  there 
in  1898.  The- next  year  he  was  in  the  fine  seventy 
thousand  dollar  hotel  in  Grand  Forks,  British  Colum- 
bia, and  later  had  charge  of  the  dining  room.  When 
the  boom  broke,  he  returned  to  Spokane,  then  came  to 
the  Morning  mine  and  worked  for  Larson  &  Greenough 
for  twenty-eight  months.  After  this  service,  Mr.  Col- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


ler  entered  partnership  with  Mr.  Greenwald,  who  is 
mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume,  and  they  are  still 
in  the  management  of  the  Windsor  house,  which  they 
have  placed  as  the  leading  hotel  of  the  section.  Mr.  Col- 
ler  has  one  brother,  Fred,  in  this  country,  now  in  the 
Morning  mine  boarding  house.  He  has  two  brothers  in 
Greece,  Alchibiades,  a  student  in  college;  Demitrious, 
who  is  managing  the  family  estate.  Mr.  Coller  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Encampment,  and  the 
Rebekahs.  He  also  belongs  to  the  Foresters,  while  in 
political  matters  he  is  not  bound  to  any  party  or  under 
any  dictations,  but  reserves  for  himself  the  right  of  in- 
dependent thought  and  unrestricted  choice. 


HENRY  GROVES.  '  It  is  with  unfeigned  pleas- 
ure that  we  are  enabled  to.  give  a  review  of  the  active 
and  interesting  career. of  this  good  man  and  substan- 
tial and  intelligent  citizen.  Henry  Groves  was  born 
in  Franklin  county,  New  York,  on  March  13,  1831, 
being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Eunice  (Fall)  Groves. 
The  Groves  family  is  an  old  and  prominent  New 
England  house  and  six  generations  are  buried  in  the 
cemetery  at  Brimfield,  Massachusetts.  Thomas 
Groves  was  born  in  1790  and  died  in  1860,  the  death 
occurring  in  lona,  Michigan.  He  served  all  through 
the  war  of  1812  with  General  Scott,  being  two  years 
in  active  service.  Joseph  Groves,  the  grandfather  of 
our  subject,  served  seven  years,  six  months,  and  four- 
teen days  in  the  Revolutionary  war  and  was  with 
George  Washington  at  Valley  Forge,  crossing  the 
Delaware,  and  at  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis.  He 
was  broken  in  health  and  survived  the  war  only  a  few 
>ears.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ver- 
mont in  1795  and  died  in  Iowa  in  1867.  Her  father 
was  a  sea  captain,  born  in  England  and  died  six  months 
after  the  birth  of  this  daughter.  Our  subject  was  raised 
in  New  York  until  nine,  then  went  to  Michigan  and 
remained  twenty  years.  He  was  educated  in  the 
district  schools  and  in  1860  he  came  to  Iowa  with  his 
mother.  Two  years  later  he  went  to  Colorado  and 
farmed  and  freighted  for  five  years.  A  year  was  then 
spent  in  Chicago  in  a  tannery  and  planing  mill.  The 
next  year  he  was  married  and  with  only  a  small  capi- 
tal farmed  near  by  for  a  period  of  two  years.  Next 
with  his  wife  and  baby  and  only  a  team  and  wagon 
he  journeyed  to  Kansas  and  took  a  quarter  there, 
bought  another  which  in  tilling  he  did  well  for  the 
first  ten  years,  when  the  drought  struck  the  country 
and  that  with  bad  health  ate  all  his  holdings  and  he 
landed  in  Pullman,  Washington,  with  a  few  head  of 
stock  and  some  farm  implements.  Two  years  there 
and  he  bought  a  farm,  paying  nearly  three  thousand 
cash  and  giving  a  mortgage  for  twelve  hundred. 
1893  tel's  tne  res't  and  he  went  to  Moscow  financially 
depleted.  He  worked  out  and  rented  ten  acres  near 
town.  In  the  winter  of  1895  Mr.  Groves  moved  to 
the  forks  of  the  Potlatch,  bought  improvements  on 
unsurveyed  land  and  went  to  dairying,  but  the  failure 
of  the  mines  which  were  his  market,  spoiled  this  deal. 
Then  he  went  to  the  Tee  meadows,  where  the  snow, 


six  feet  deep,  drove  him  away  and  he  found  a  place 
on  Ford's  creek  ridge  in  Shoshone  county.  A  year  later 
he  came  to  his  present  place,  five  miles  from  Orofino, 
which  place  is  owned  by  his  son.  They  do  general 
fanning,  raising  stock,  dairying  and  fruit  raising,  find 
a  ready  market  to  the  miners  and  prospectors  and 
are  doing  well.  Their  home  is  called  "Fair  View 
Fruit  Farm." 

On  November  18,  1870,  at  Sandwich,  Illinois,  Mr. 
Groves  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Walter  and 
Sarah  A.  (Park's)  Whipple.  The  father  was  born 
of  an  old  family  in  Chenango  county,  New  York, 
being  of  Scotch  descent,  and  died  in  Kansas  on  March  ' 
2,  1883,  aged  seventy-seven.  The  mother  was  de- 
scended from  a  prominent  English  family  and  was 
born  in  Rochester,  New  York.  She  died  in  the  same 
state  on  January  14,  1866,  aged  fifty-two.  Mrs. 
Groves  was  born  in  New  York,  on  October  8,  1845. 
Threee  children  are  living,  out  of  a  family  of  nine 
born  to  this  worthy  couple,  and  their  names  are  as  fol- 
lows :  Elson  H.,  who  owns  the  ranch  where  the 
family  lives,  and  who  was  born  in  Kansas,  Smith 
county,  on  January  8,  1878,  and  who  has  constantly 
been  engaged  with  his  parents  and  is  a  faithful  and  sub- 
stantial young  man;  Chester  W.,  born  November  22, 
1882,  in  Kansas,  and  now  teaching  school,  being  one 

county;  Emma  G.,  born  December  25,  1881,  and  is 
now  the  wife  of  Fred  Luttropp,  residing  on  Ford's 
creek.'  They  were  married  on  December  2q,  1898, 
and  have  three  children :  Chester  A.,  Effie  M.,  and 
Austin  F. 


R.  P.  HEARD,  who  is  owner  and  operator  of  one 
of  the  leading  cigar  stores  of  Wallace,  is  one  of  the 
genial  and  affiable  men  who  has  hosts  of  friends  and 
whose  ability  in  the  business  world  has  been  mani- 
fested in  a  long  career  of  railroading  in  responsible 
positions.  He  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  on  May 
6,  1862,  the  son  of  Richard  and  Celia  (Preston)  Heard, 
natives  of  England  and  the  province  of  Quebec,  re- 
spectively. The  father  came  to  Canada,  when  two 
years  old  with  his  parents.  He  died  in  Minesota.  in 
1897.  The  mother  died  in  1898.  Our  subject  was 
reared  on  a  farm  until  nineteen,  having  attended  the 
public  schools  and  then  he  went  to  Michigan,  farm- 
ing. Being  taken  sick  he  returned  home  for  a  year 
and  later  went  to  Minnesota  and  railroaded.  He  was 
on  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  lines  and  learned  teleg- 
raphy and  was  assistant  in  the  dispatcher's  office. 
Then  he  went  to  Montana  on  the  N.  P.,  and  for  five 
years  was  operator  at  Heron.  Then  he  was  operator 
at  Sprague  for  a  time  and  later  returned  to  Heron. 
Next  we  see  him  agent  in  Portland  for  the  Willamette 
Valley  line,  the  Southern  Pacific  and  after  that  he 
was  on  the  O.  R.  &  N.  as  operator  for  eight  years 
and  for  about  two  years  he  was  cashier  at  Wallace. 
He  was  taken  sick  and  went  east  for  relief  but  finding 
none  came  back  to  Wallace,  whence  he  went  to  Hot 
Springs,  Arkansas,  and  was  cured.  Then  Mr.  Heard 
came  to  Wallace  and  entered  partnership  with  C.  A. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Hill  in  the  cigar  business.  This  was  in  June  and  in 
December  of  the  same  year  he  bought  his  present 
business  and  has  since  that  time  conducted  it  with 
excellent  results  and  now  enjoys  a  thriving  patronage. 
Mr.  Heard  has  three  brothers,  George,  Edward, 
Cecil,  and  two  sisters;  Annie  Bunton,  Belle.  Mr. 
Heard  has  never  quit  the  charms  of  the  jolly  bachelor. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Elks  and  the  Order  of  R.  R. 
Telegraphers.  He  is  a  Republican  but  has  never 
sought  for  personal  advancement  in  office.  He  is  a 
man  of  frankness  and  enterprise  and  is  a  firm  be- 
liever in  the  excellent  resources  of  the  country. 


HOMER  G.  BROWN.  Among  the  stirring  and 
enterprising  young  business  men  of  Wallace,  we  are 
constrained  to  mention  the  subject  of  this  sketch  who 
is  to  be  found  in  the  cashier's  office  of  the  Sunset 
brewery,  which  department  he  handles  with  efficiency 
and  display  of  merit  and  faithfulness. 

Homer  G.  Brown  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  on 
September  21,  1866,  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Addie 
(Swartz)  Brown,  natives  also  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
father  is  a  lumber  inspector  in  Reed  City,  Michigan, 
and  his  ancestors  were  the  sturdy  Scots.  The  mother 
comes  from  an  old  Dutch  family  and  lives  in  Reed 
City.  Our  subject  was  permitted  to  finish  the  high 
schools  in  Michigan  whither  he  went  with  his  parents 
when  he  was  six.  And  when  he  was  sixteen  h.e  com- 
menced a  career  of  railroading  which  led  him  all  over 
the  United  States,  and  in  which  he  has  made  a  clean 
record.  He  learned  telegraphy  and  was  operator,  cash- 
ier and  agent  in  various  places  in  the  east  and  in  1889 
was  stationed  as  operator  in  Orting,  Washington. 
Later  he  was  with  the  O.  R.  &  N.,  at  Colfax,  Walla 
Walla,  and  on  -May  10,  1892,  he  was  stationed  at  Os- 
burn.  Five  months  later  he  was  sent  to  Burke  and  for 
eight  years  he  was  in  charge  of  that  office.  On  Au- 
gust 14,  1900,  Mr.  Brown  came  to  Wallace  and  took 
the  position  of  cashier  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  and  on  March 
29,  1902,  he  accepted  his  present  position.  He  has  two 
brothers,  Milton  N.  and  Norman  O.,  and  two  sisters, 
Orrel  A.  Fulcher  and  Alta  C.  Ball. 

At  Wallace,  on  November  15,  1895,  Mr.  Brown 
married  Miss  Sophia  M.,  daughter  of  John  and  Cath- 
erine (Cyr)  Therriault,  natives  of  New  Brunswick 
and  now  living  in  Wallace.  Mrs.  Brown  was  born  in 
Missoula,  Montana,  on  January  27,  1877,  and  has  one 
sister,  Alice,  widow  of  Jeff  O'Meara.  Two  children 
have-been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown,  Muriel,  aged 
two,  and  Dorothy,  aged  four  months.  Mr.  Brown  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  the  R.  A.M.  and  the 
K.  T.  and  the  Elks.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  has  been 
central  committeeman  for  several  years.  Mr.  Brown 
is  interested  in  mining  and  is  secretary  of  the  Little 
Chief  Company. 


JOSHUA  PANNEBAKER  is  one  of  the  promi- 
nent business  men  of  Wallace  and  is  a  leading  citi- 
zen and  an  influential  man  in  political  matters  and  the 
questions  of  the  day.  He  is  handling  a  large  and  lu- 


crative business  in  contracting  and  building  and  is 
a  master  hand  in  this  art,  having  learned  it  young  and 
followed  it  all  his  life,  being  also  possessed  of  a  high 
order  of  natural  ability  in  the  mechanical  art. 

Joshua  Pannebaker  was  born  in  Huron-  county, 
Ontario,  Canada,  on  November  25,  1860,  the  son  of 
Henry  and  Mary  (Jacobs)  Pannebaker,  natives  of 
Ontario.  The  father  died  in  February,  1900,  in  Mich- 
igan and  lie  had  followed  carpentering  and  building 
all  his  life.  The  mother  lives  in  Port  Huron,  Michigan 
now.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  place  and 
had  the  advantage  of  the  famous  schools  of  Ontario. 
When  nineteen  he  went  to  Michigan  and  did  carpenter 
work  for  three  years.  Then  he  wrought  in  Minnes- 
ota and  in  1891;  we  see  Mr.  Pannebaker  in  Wallace 
where  he  spent  two  years  prospecting.  He  then  went 
to  North  Dakota  and  remained  for  three  years.  Fol- 
lowing this  Mr.  Pannebaker  came  back  to  Wallace 
and  took  up  his  present  business  which  he  has  followed 
with  good  success  since  that  time.  He  is  now  one  of 
the  leading  business  men  of  the  town  and  is  substantial  , 
and  capable.  Mr.  Pannebaker  has  five  brothers  and 
three  sisters :  Henry,  Jacob,  John,  Daniel,  Charles,  Re- 
becca Hart,  Rachel  Hart,  Mary  Neale. 

On  December  28,  1898,  Mr.  Pannebaker  married 
Miss  Barbara,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Light- 
weiler)  Easier,  natives  of  Switzerland  and  immigrants 
to  the'  United  States.  The  father  died  in  Minnesota 
in  1852,  aged  fifty-three.  The  mother  lives  in  Wis- 
consin. Mrs.  Pannebaker  was  four  years  old  when 
she  came  to  this  country  with  her  parents.  She  has 
three  brothers  and  three  sisters:  Jacob,  Robert,  Fred, 
Louise  Miller,  Bertha  Burlingame,  Lena  Smead.  Mr. 
Pannebaker  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  in  po-  i 
litical  matters  is  a  strong  Democrat.  He  is  member 
of  the  city  council  and  has  been  delegate  to  the  county 
conventions.  Three  children  are  the  fruit  of  this  mar- 
riage, Mary,  aged  three,  Ralph,  aged  two  and  an  in-  \ 


JAMES  LEONARD  is  not-  only  one  of  the  suc- 
cessful mining  'men  of  Wallace,  but  is  also  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  a 
man-  of  excellent  ability  and  unquestioned  standing. 
He  was  born  in  Beaver  Meadow,  Carbon  count}',  Penn- 
sylvania, on  March  3,  1855,  the  son  of  Bernard  and 
Margaret  (Ryan)  Leonard.  The  father  was  born  in 
Ireland,  came  to  the  United  States  when  seventeen, 
served  forty  years  in  coal  mining  and  was  disabled  by 
a  blast  and  died  in  Jeansville,  Pennsylvania,  in  1885. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Northampton  county  and  died 
when  James  was  five.  He  was  reared  and  received 
a  limited  schooling  in  his  native  place,  and  when  ten 
/ent  to  breaking  coal.  Such  was  the  start  in  life,  and  • 
e  continued  at  that  work  and  other  employment  until 
wenty-six.  He  had  become  an  expert  miner  and  did 
iver  work  at  Pittsburg,  then  erected  a  cofferdam  for 
the  government  at  Davis  island.  After  this  he  did 
blast  furnace  work  at  Miles,  Ohio,  then  was  in  the 
Michigan  iron  mines  and  later  prospected  in  Arkansas 
and  finally  came  to  Montana.  He  remained  there  until 


JAMES  LEONARD. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1886,  when  he  came  on  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country, 
and  here  he  has  been  prospecting  and  mining  ever 
since.  His  brother  located  the  Mammoth  in  1884,  and 
he  is  now  interested  with  this  brother  in  that  mine. 
Mr.  Leonard  also  owns  several  other  properties,  both 
adjoining  the  Mammoth  and  in  other  localities.  Mr. 
Leonard  also  owns  a  home  in  Wallace  and  other  prop- 
erty. He  has  two  brothers —William  and  Frank ;  and 
one  sister, — Mary. 

January  17,  1900,  Mr.  Leonard  married  Miss  Anna, 
(laughter  of  Patrick  and  Rose  (Farrell)  Donnelly,  na- 
tives of  Ireland  and  now  living  in  North  Yakima,  where 
the  wedding  occurred.  Mrs.  Leonard  was  born  in 
Washington  September  16,  1876,  and  she  has  three 
brothers  and  two  sisters, — Thomas,  Peter,  Joseph,  Kate 
and  Rose.  Mr.  Leonard  is  a  member  of  the  Elks. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leonard  have  one  child,— Margaret  R., 
born  January  30,  1901.  Mr.  Leonard  is  independent 
in  political  matters  and  always  votes  for  the  man  who 
will  do  the  best  for  the  country.  He  is  a  well  informed 
and  substantial  man  and  has  hosts  of  friends. 


CHRISTEN  ANDERSEN.  About  four  miles 
east  from  Orofino  is  located  the  establishment  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  The  same  consists  of  a  first- 
class  country  hotel,  well  kept  and  undergoing  all  im- 
provements to  fit  it  to  be  a  comfortable  and  attractive 
stopping  place  for  travelers.  Mr.  Andersen  is  off 
from  the  reservation  and  carries  a  license  for  the  sale 
of  spiritous  and  malt  liquors  and  has  in  stock  a  choice 
selection  of  these  with  cigars  and  tobaccos.  His  place 
is  popular  and  is  receiving  a  good  patronage  which 
is  handled  in  a  satisfactory  manner  by  the  skillful,  gen- 
ial and  hospitable  host. 

Christen  Andersen  was  born  in  Denmark,  on  July 
4,  1854,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and  Carrie  Andersen, 
natives  of  Denmark.  The  father  died  in  1876,  aged 
sixty-four,  but  the  mother  died  after  coming  to  the 
United  States.  Our  subject  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1884  and  after  a  sojourn  in  Wisconsin  for  three 
months,  he  came  to  Idaho  and  worked  in  the  Democrat 
mine  in  the  Pierce  district.  Then  he  took  a  claim,  six 
miles  out  from  Orofino  and  proved  up  on  it  and  for 
fifteen  years  he  did  general  farming  and  raising  sto-k. 
He  was  very  successful  in  this  as  also  in  raising  vegeta- 
bles and  packing  to  the  mines  and  his  financial  rating 
was  of  the  first-class.  Recently,  he  sold  that  property 
and  bought  his  present  place  of  one  hundred  and  thir- 
teen acres,  which  is  well  provided  with  commodious 
buildings  for  the  trade,  and  which  Mr.  Andersen  is 
still  improving.  Mr.  Andersen  has  one  brother  and 
seven  sisters:  Nels,  Stena,  Dorothy,  Meren,  Hannah, 

In  February.  1884,  Mr.  Andersen  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Matamaria  Thompson, 
natives  of  Denmark  where  they  now  live.  This  wed- 
ding occurred  in  Denmark  and'  Mr.  Andersen  brought 
his  wife  to  this  country  with  himself.  She  has  two 
sisters,  Annie  and  Mollie,  in  Denmark.  One  child 
has  been  born  to  this  marriage.  Both  Mr.  Andersen 


and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church.  '  In 
political  matters  he  is  independent  and  reserves  for  his 
own  decision  both  the  questions  of  the  day  and  the  men 
for  whom  he  will  cast  his  vote,  rather  than  being  bound 
by  party  tenets.  Mr.  Andersen  stands  exceptionally 
well  in  the  community  and  has  a  popular  stopping 


CHARLES  H.  JONES,  who  is  at  present  a  black- 
smith for  the  Frisco  mine  at  Gem,  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial citizens  of  that  town  and  a  man  of  reliability 
and  good  standing.  He  was  born  in  Houghton,  Michi- 
gan, on  February  i,  1873,  the  son  of  William  E.  and 
Keziah  (Rule)  Jones,  natives  of  England.  The  father 
came  to  this  country  with  his  parents  while  a  small 
boy  and  they  located  in  Dodgeville,  Wisconsin.  Later 
he  went  to  Houghton,  Michigan,  and  was  foreman  in 
different  mines  in  northern  Michigan  for  thirty  years. 
He  and  his  wife  now  dwell  at  Iron  Mountain,  Michi- 
gan, retired.  The  mother  came  to  this  country  when 
live  years  old,  was  married  in  Wisconsin  and  now 
lives  in  Iron  Mountain.  Our  subject  was  reared  and 
educated  in  the  various  places  where  the  family  lived 
during  the  years  in  which  his  father  operated  in  dif- 
ferent mines.  He  was  favored  with  a  good  high  school 
education  and  at  Iron  Mountain  he  learned  the  black- 
smith trade.  Then  he  went  to  northern  Michigan 
and  operated  a  diamond  drill  for  a  party  for  two  years. 
In  1895  he  came  to  Gem  and  since  that  time  he  has 
been  in  this  vicinity  and  has  given  his  attention  to 
his  trade.  Mr.  Jones  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters':  William  H.,  Obadiah.  Edward,  Thomas, 
Charles,  Albert,  Joseph,  Mrs.  Nellie  Terbilcox,  Mrs. 
Bessie  Hebbert.  Mr.  Jones  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  the  Encampment,  while  in  political  matters 
he  is  independent. 


ELLIS  SMALL.  The  estate  of  our  subject  is  sit- 
uated about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  northeast  from 
Orofino  and  is  in  fact  partly  platted  for  a  town,  and 
J.  G.  Wright,  who  is  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  vol- 
ume, is  interested  in  the  property  with  Mr.  Small. 

Ellis  Small  was  born  in  Aroostook  county,  Maine, 
on  September  16,  1850.  being  the  son  of' John  L. 
and  Jeanette  (Stephens)  Small,  natives  of  New  Bruns- 
wick. The  father  was  born  on  August  24,  1814,  and 
died  in  Lewiston,  on  March  23,  1901,  aged  eighty- 
seven.  His  parents  came  from  England  and  he  came 

1886,  to  Lewiston.  The  mother  was  born  on  October 
17,  1821,  married  October  7,  1839,  and  died  in  Le\vis- 

cated  in  the  district  school  until  sixteen,'  then  worked 
on  the  farm  and  in  the  woods  until  twenty-one,  and 
then  he  left  Maine,  coming  to  Walla  Walla,  where  he 
worked  in  the  saw  mills  for  a  year.  We  next  see  him  in 
Spokane  in  the  employ  of  Ira  and  David  W.  Small, 
large  contractors  of  the  Northern  Pacific  and  cousins 
of  our  subject.  After  this  he  worked  in  Tacoma.  then 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


returned  to  Wisconsin,  and  in  1885  he  came  to  Lewis- 
ton,  bought  a  ranch,  married  and  a  few  years  later  came 
to  his  present  place.  Mr.  Small  has  one  brother, 
George,  and  three  sisters,  Eliza,  widow  of  R.  Ingra- 
ham;  Lydia  Smith,  Annie  E.  Cochran.  There  were 
nine  children  in  the  family  but  the  others  are  dead.  Mr. 
•Small  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  is  a  member  of  the 
W.  W.,  also  is  vice-chancellor  of  the  K.  P.,  Orofino 
Lodge,  No.  31. 

On  October  i,  1887,  at  Lewiston,  Mr.  Small  mar- 
ried Miss  Zoe  L.,  daughter  of  Malcolm  G.  and  Julia 
(Johnson)  Marsilliot,  and  a  native  of  Calumet  county, 
Wisconsin.  Mr.  Marsilliot  was  born  near  Euclid, 
Ohio,  and  shortly  after  his  marriage  he  enlisted  in  the 
United  States  army  and  during  the  Civil  war  he  was  a 
marine  engineer  on  the  Mississippi  squadron.  He  was 
commissioned  in  the  U.  S.  Revenue  service  in  1865  and 
served  for  thirty  years.  He  was  in  Behring  sea  sev- 
eral seasons.  Mr.  Marsilliot  was  a  man  of  considera- 
ble prominence  in  marine  circles  and  his  death  oc- 
curred at  Port  Townsend  on  April  26,  1895.  He  was 
Ixjrn  on  August  29,  1833.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Small 
was  a  native  of  Staten  island,  New  York,  born  Septem- 
ber 21,  1844,  and  now  lives  at  Asotin,  Washington. 
Mrs.  Small  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  Verner 
I_,  Malcolm  G.,  Blanch  Richards.  Mrs.  Small  is  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  church.  She  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  Wilbur  college,  graduating 
in  1886.  When  sixteen,  Mrs.  Small  began  teaching 
and  has  been  engaged  in  educational  work  more  or  less 
since.  She  is  now  assistant  county  superintendent 
of  schools  in  Shoshone  count.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Small,  Hattie,  aged  fifteen ; 
Jay,  aged  thirteen.. 


CHARLES  H.  BELLMER.  This  prominent  busi- 
ness man  of  Orofino  conducts  a  first-class  jewelry  store 
and  is  known  as  one  of  the  early  pione'ers  of  this  sec- 
tion and  is  established  as  one  of  the  leading  business 
men  and  progressive  spirits  of  the  town. 

Charles  E.  Bellmer  was  born  in  Bremen,  Germany, 
*>n  May  17,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Frederick  and  Ma- 
rie (Essen)  Bellmer,  natives  of  Germany.  The  father 
is  a  wood  mechanic  and  a  contractor  and  lives  in  the 
home  place.  The  mother  of  our  subject  died  in  1894. 
aged  forty-nine.  Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  his 
native  place  and  learned  the  jeweler  trade  and  had 
charge  of  a  large  establishment  when  he  left  Bremen 
at  the  age  of  nineteen.  He  spent  a  short  time  in  Balti- 
more and  Chicago  and  then  came  on  to  Iowa. "  Four 
years  were  spent  in  Iowa  at  his  trade  and  during  this 
time  we  note  the  energy  of  our  subject  in  that  he  mas- 
tered the  intricacies  of  pharmacy.  In  1888  he 'came 
to  Lewiston  and  worked  a  time  and  then  opened  a  drug 
store  and  jewelry  store  in  Juliaetta.  Six  weeks  later, 
this  burned  down  and  he  was  left  with  a  few  old 
'clothes  and  two  dollars  in  cash.  From  this  stunning 
loss,  he  at  once  recovered  and  started  in  partnership 
with  Frank  Kelley,  in  Moscow.  He  did  the  bench 
work  and  his  partner  attended  to  the  store.  From  Au- 


giist, 1889,  to  April,  1890,  he  wrought  there  and  then 
opened  a  store  for  himself  in  Palouse.  He  did  well 
for  a  time  and  then  took  a  position  in  a  drug  store.  His 
health  failing,  he  went  onto  the  farm  of  his  brother- 
in-law  and  later  took  to  raising  stock  on  his  c 
count.  He  settled  on  Whiskey  creek  and  raised  stock 
there  for  four  years.  At  the  opening  of  the  reserva- 
tion he  took  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres.  He  ab- 
andoned the  Whiskey  creek  place  and  brought  his 
thirty  head  of  stock  to  his  homestead.  In  1899  Mr. 
Bellmer  came  to  Orofino  and  opened  a  drug  store  in 
partnership '  with  Dr.  Moody.  He  now  occupies  a 
window  in  the  store,  Dr.  Beck  owning  it.  He  does 
a  good  business  in  the  jewelry  line  and  is  one  of  the 
substantial  and  prosperous  men  of  the  town.  He  also 
owns  forty  acres  near  town  besides  other  property. 
Mr.  Bellmer  has  two  sisters,  Meta,  wife  of  John  Black, 
in  Leland;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Mr.  Goldman. 

On  June  6,  1900,  Mr.  Bellmer  married  Miss  Roset- 
ta,  daughter  of  John  and  Charlotte  (Mason)  Taylor, 
who  now  reside  in  Orofino.  One  child,  May,  has  been 
born  to  this  marriage.  Mrs.  Bellmer  was  born  in  La- 
tah  county,  on  October  25,  1871,  and  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters :  Alfred,  at  Grangeville  ;  Ira  and 
Ernest,  in  Rosetta;  Elmer,  Tohn,  and  Roy,  at  home: 
Eva,  wife  of  Charles  W.  Green,  in  Lenore ;  lona  and 
Mina,  at  home. 


JAMES  BOND,  of  the  firm  of  Bissinger  &  Bond, 
proprietors  of  a  leading  saloon  in  Wallace,  is  a  man  of 
wide  and  large  experience  in  the  business  and  mining 
world  and  is  really  one  of  the  best  expert  miners  of  the 
entire  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  which  is  demonstrated 
by  some  of  the  trying  and  difficult  work  which  he  has 
accomplished  successfully  in  the  face  of  great  odds. 

James  Bond  was  born  in  England  on  August  27, 
1864,  the  son  of  Henry  and  Ellen  (Webb)  Bond,  r 
tives  of  England,  where  the  father  now  lives.  The 
mother  died  there  in  1864.  Our  subject  was  well 
educated  in  his  native  land  and  in  1881,  he  came  to 
the  United  States.  He  was  the  youngest  of  thirteen 
children  and  early  learned  self  reliance.  In  this  coun- 
try he  worked  in  the  New  Jersey  mines,  then  contracted 
to"  sink  shafts  in  the  Pennsylvania  coal  fields  and  then 
we  find  him  in  the  iron  mines  of  the  Lake  Superior 
region.  He  was  one  of  the  first  five  who  went  to  the 
Cascade,  called  now  the  Volunteer.  He  was  there 
four  years,  being  shift  boss.  During  this  time  a  terri- 
ble epidemic  of  typhoid  fever  raged  and  our  subject 
and  the  bookkeeper  were  the  only  two  of  the  officials 
left  and  they  managed  by  almost  superhuman  effort  to 
keep  things  running,  sometimes  remaining  forty-eight 
hours  at  a  time  without  sleep.  He  and  his  wife  op- 
erated the  boarding  house  there  and  later  sold  it  and 
went  to  England.  They  returned  to  this  country  and 
Mr.  Bond  was  foreman  in  the  Sheridan  near  McKin- 
ley  for  four  years.  Then  he  went  to  Montana  and 
there  accomplished  a  timbering  of  a  cave-in  of  a  mine 
which  was  accounted  impossible.  Later  he  put  into 
practical  execution  the  hydraulic  drill  which  was 
thought  by  all  to  be  impractical.  He  was  night  boss 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


107 


for  a  year,  then  came  to  the  Tiger.  Six  days  later  he 
hurt  his  foot  and  went  to  the  hospital,  then  went  to 
work  in  the  Standard  after  which  Mr.  Bond  opened  a 
grocery  store  at  Black  Bear  and  conducted  it  until 
recently,  and  still  owns  the  building,  it  being  rented. 
Mr.  Bond  owns  the  Anglers'  Inn  on  Lake  Coeur 
d'Alene  and  March  14,  1903,  he  opened  his  present 
business  which  is  thriving  because  of  the  fact  of  his 
extensive  acquaintance  and  popularity.  Mr.  Bond  has 
two  brothers,  Ernest,  Charles,  policeman  in  Liverpool, 
England.  He  has  two  sisters,  Nellie,  Annie. 

In  England,  in  1885,  Mr.  Bond  married  Miss  Ellen, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Lane  Pierce.  The  father  was 
killed  in  a  Cornish  mine  a  few  years  previous  to  this 
marriage  and  the  mother  lives  in  Wales.  Mrs.  Bond 
has  four  brothers:  Alfred,  Frank,  William,  Richard, 
and  three  sisters:  Annie  Rolfe,  Beatrice,  and  Helena. 
Beatrice  sang  by  royal  command  before  the  queen. 
Mrs.  Bond  has  always  been  associated  with  her  hus- 
band in  business,  having  acquired  a  good  training  in 
business  schools  in  England.  Mr.  Bond  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  P.,  of  the  Foresters,  of  the  Redmen,  of  the 
•A.  D.  K.,  being  oriental  guide  in  the  last  order.  Mr. 
Bond  is  largely  interested  in  the  Headlight  and  the 
e  and  manv  ot 


Surprise  a 


other  leading  mining  properties. 


LYMAN  WOOD,  a  prominent  man  of  Wallace; 
a  leading  and  enterprising  citizen,  has  for  years  and  is 
now  handling  a  fine  building  and  contracting  business. 
He  is  a  skilled  and  capable  man  in  his  line  of  business 
and  has  the  confidence  of  the  people  and  his  wisdom 
and  skill  have  been  active  in  producing  some  of  the 
finest  edifices  of  the  town. 

Lyman  Wood  was  born  in  Mercer  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  March  18,  1852,  the  son  of  Eli  C.  and 
Elizabeth  (Ross)  Wood.  The  father  was  born  in  Ver- 
mont and  he  came  from  an  old  New  England  family  of 
prominence.  He  went  to  Murray  in  the  first  rush  and 
died  there  in  November,  1902,  having  spent  the  inter- 
vening years  there  in  mining.  The  mother  was  born 
of  a  Dutch  family  in  Pennsylvania  and  died  in  1893. 
Our  subject  was  educated  and  reared  in  La  Salle  coun- 
ty, Illinois,  whither  his  parents  had  removed  in  1856. 
In  1864  he  left  the  parental  roof  and  went  to  Streator, 
Illinois,  taking  up  the  carpenter  trade,  which  he  had 
learned  from  a  skilled  father.  He  followed  the  trade 
in  Illinois  for  the  intervening  years  until  he  was 
twenty-two  and  then  went  to  Denver,  Pueblo,  and  other 
places  in  Colorado  and  Kansas.  In  1875  he  journeyed 
to  Wisconsin  and  remained  a  decade.  Next  we  see 
him  in  Murray  and  there  he  remained  until  1890.  He 
followed  his  trade  and  in  1890  he  wrought  in  Osburn 
and  the  following  year  he  located  in  Wallace  and  this 
has  been  the  scene  of  his  labors  since.  For  a  time  Mr. 
Wood  operated  a  planing  mill  and  later  built  another 
but  of  late  years  he  has  given  his  attention  entirely  to 
his  craft.  In  addition  to  this,  however,  Mr.  Wood  has 
large  interests  in  various  mining  properties,  is  a  trus- 
tee for  the  Comet  and  acting  agent  for  the  Atlas, 
whose  owners  are  largely  in  Boston.  The  latter  is  a 


Stevens  Peak  copper  property.  He  also  owns  prop- 
erty in  Wallace  and  is  a  substantial  man.  Mr.  Wood 
has  three  brothers,  James  R.,  Josiah,  Jesse,  and  three 
sisters,  Lydia  Dunn,  Sarah  Ashley  and  Katherine 

On  April  16,  1876,  at  Omro,  Wisconsin,  Mr.  Wood  - 
married  Miss  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  John  and  Eliza- 
beth Challoner,  natives  of  England,  where  they  were 
married.  They  came  to  this  country  and  the  father 
died  in  1897  and  the  mother  in  1894.  Mrs.  Wood 
has  one  brother,  John.  Four  children  have  been  born 
to  this  marriage,  Bessie,  wife  of  G.  W.  Brown,  with 
the  N.  P.  in  Wallace ;  John  C.,  operates  the  concentra- 
tor in  Gem;  Edgar,  a  carpenter  in  Wallace;  Earl 
A.,  handling  a  poultry  ranch  at  Tekoa,  Washington. 
Mr.  Wood  is  a  member  of  the  Elks,  of  the  Maccabees, 
and  in  political  alliances  is  with  the  Republicans. 


CHESTER  B.  BOYDEN  is  a  miner  of  extended 
experience  in  the  northwest  and  also  in  southwestern 
United  States.  He  was  born  in  Canton,  New  York, 
on  May  18,  1850,  the  son  of  William  D.  and  Dolly 
(Nash)  Boyden.  The  father  was  born  in  Massachu- 
setts, coming  from  an  old  American  family  of  English 
descent.  He  died  in  1882  aged  sixty-five.  "  The  mother 
was  born  in  St.  Alb.ans,  Vermont.  Our  subject  was 

teen  he  went  to  Chicago,  thence  to  Pioche,  Nevada, 
where  he  spent  eight  years  prospecting,  mining  and  as- 
saying. He  was  in  various  places  in  Nevada  and 
Arizona,  then  operated  a  hoisting  engine  for  four 
and  one  half  years  at  Tombstone,  Arizona.  In  1884 
Mr.  Boyden  started  out  on  a  trip  to  Nevada,  California. 
Colorado,  then  to  Missouri,  and  then  went  east  on  a 
visit.  Later  we  see  him  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  where 
he  was  in  a  railroad  office  for  eight  years.  In 
1896-7  he  came  to  the  coast  and  prospected  in 
British  Columbia,  then  went  to  Alaska,  going  over 
the  Stickeen  pass  to  Teslin  lake  and  thence  clown 
the  river  to  Dawson.  He  was  taken  with  typhoid 
pneumonia  and  went  down  the  river  to  St.  Michaels 
with  four  other  prospectors  in  an  open  boat,  dining  on 
salmon  and  rice.  Then  he  took  passage  on  a  sailing 
vessel  and  in  thirty-eight  days,  after  a  stormy  voyage, 
was  in  Seattle,  whence  he  came  to  Spokane.  'The' next 
spring  we  find  Mr.  Boyden  in  the  Buffalo  Hump 
country  and  after  some  prospecting  for  that  season,  he 
came  to  Mullan  and  since  that  time  he  has  been  here- 
in mining  operations.  Mr.  Boyden  is  of  the  opinion 
that  this  is  the  best  mining  section  that  he  has  visited 
and  is  satisfied  with  its  promises,  which  are  daily  be- 
ing verified  into  paying  mines.  Mr.  Boyden  is  inter- 
ested in  the  Boston  group,  a  lead  property,  about  one 
mile  west  from  Mullan.  He  also  has  other  properties 
and  is  giving  his  attention  to  their  development  and  im- 
provement. Mr.  Boyden  has  three  brothers,  Henry 
D.,  William  H.,  Leslie  A. 

On  October  20,  1878,  Mr.  Boyden  married  Miss 
Delia,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Angelina  Gleason.  Mr. 
Gleason  is  dead,  but  his  widow  lives  in  Canton,  New 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


York,  where  Mrs.  Boyden  was  born.  The  wedding  oc- 
curred at  Pioche,  Nevada.  Mrs.  Boyden  has  two  sis- 
ters, Mrs.  Hattie  Roys,  and  Mrs.  Cora.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boyden,  Dwight 
A.,  aged  twenty;  Dollie,  aged  nineteen;  Nellie,  aged 
nine.  Mrs.  Boyden  and  the  children  are  at  present 
in  Canton,  New  York,  but  expect  soon  to  come  to  the 
west  again.  Mr.  Boyden  is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T. 
M.,  and  a  Republican. 


NORTON  R.  PENNEY  is  the  postmaster  at  Gem 
and  also  conducts  a  large  mercantile  establishment 
which,  because  of  his  capabilities  and  enterprise  in 
this  line,  has  become  a  leading  establishment  of  the 
district  and  is  now  favored  with  a  thriving  patronage. 

Norton  R.  Penney  was  born  on  Long  Island,  New 
York,  on  April  i,  1840,  the  son  of  Manassah  F.  and 
Phoebe  (Robinson)  Penney,  natives  of  Long  Island. 
The  family  of  Norton  was  one  of  the  early  families  on 
Long  Island  and  prominent  in  the  America'n  cause.  ( >ur 
subject's  paternal  grandmother  was  a  Squires  and  the 
family  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  on  Long  Island 
and  they  still  retain  the  old  homestead.  A  cousin  of 
his  grandfather  was  retained  in  the  Halifax  prison 
for  trying  to  blow  up  a  British  man-of-war  in  the 
time  of  the  Revolution.  Joseph  Penney,  brother  of  our 
subject's  father,  was  in  the  war  of  1812  and  was  af- 
terward a  famous  sea  captain.  The  father  came  to 
Illinois  in  185.5  and  died  there  in  1890,  having  been 
a  prominent  man  of  the  state.  The  mother  of  Norton 
R.  died  in  1854,  aged  thirty-nine,  in  Illinois.  Her  father 
came  to  that  state  with  the  Andover  colony  in  the 
early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century.  Norton  R.  was 
reared  and  educated  in  Illinois,  and  when  nineteen 
went  to  California,  it  being  an  extension  of  a  trip  to 
Pikes  Peak.  He  located  at  Poorman's  creek  and 
mined  three  years  and  then  returned  to  Illinois.  In 
1870  he  went  to  Iowa  and  in  1874  journeyed  to  Utah, 
where  lie  mined  until  1888.  Then  Mr.  Penney  came 
to  Wallace  and  took  a  contract  on  the  O.  R.  &  N.  be- 
tween Tekoa  and  Wallace  and  a  year  later  brought  in 
his  family  and  opened  the  Penney  hotel.  This  property 
was  cons'uitied  in  the  big  fire  of '1890  and  then  he  con- 
ducted the  Idaho  two  years,  selling  to  Fred  Kratzer 
at  that  time.  Mr.  .Penney  operated  the  Carter  a  while 
and  then  did  a  dairy  business  and  in  the  fall  of  1902, 
he  came  to  Gem  and  established  the  mercantile  house 
which  he  conducts  at  this  time.  Mr.  Penney  has  three 
brothers,  Charles,  Theodore  M.,  and  Warren  D..  the 
last  two  being  prominent  in  the  Civil  war  and  both 
dying  in  that  conflict.  He  has  three  sisters,  Maria  S. 
Converse,  Rose  Jacks,  Isahelle  Woods. 

On  January  i,  1866,  at  Munson,  Illinois,  Mr.  Pen- 
ney married  Miss  Elnora,  daughter  of  Elisha  and 
Margaret  (Wright)  Attwater.  The  father  was  born 
in  New  York,  of  an  American  family  of  prominence, 
and  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  Otic  Hundred  and 
Twelfth  Illinois  Mounted  Infantry.  During  the  French 
and  Indian  war  a  brig  was  captured  which  belonged 
to  the  family  and  recently  Mrs.  Penney  received  a 


check  for  two  dollars  and  sixty  cents  as  her  part  of  the 
reimbursement,  the  amount  being  so  small  on  account 
of  the  great  increase  of  heirs.  Mrs.  Penney 's  mother 
was  born  in  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  comes 
from  a  prominent  family.  Mrs.  Penney  was  born  in 
Rocky  Island,  September,  1848,  and  has"  four  brothers 
and  one  sister:  George,  Robert,  John,  Frank,  Mary 
E.  Boyd,  whose  husband  is  a  prominent  man  in  Kan- 
sas. Four  children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage : 
Margaret,  wife  of  J.  F.  Nottingham,  a  merchant  in 
Dayton,  Washington:  Nora,  wife  of  Grant  S.  Potter, 
a  business  man  in  Wallace;  Gertrude,  Norton  E.,  in 
the  high  school:  Theodore  A.,  who  was  drowned  at 
Dudley,  Massachusetts.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Am- 
herst  and  was  an  instructor  in  Dudley  academy.  His 
death  occurred  on  August  13,  1900.  Mr.  Penney  is 
a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  and 
his  -wife  are  members  of  the  Congregational  church. 


JOHN  C.  WOOD  is  doubtless  the  youngest  fore- 
man in  the  entire  Coeur  d'Alene  district,  and  it  is  un- 
necessary to  remark  that  unusual  ability  and  efficiency 
have  brought  him  this  position.  He  is  foreman  of  the 
Hecla  concentrator  at  Gem  and  his  career  has  always 
been  characterized  by  wisdom,  enterprise  and  dis- 
cretion as  have  been  evinced  in  the  capacity  where 
we  find  him  at  the  present  writing. 

John  C.  Wood  was  born  in  New  London,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  January  12,  1880,  and  his  parents  and  brothers 
and  sisters  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this  volume, 
namely :  in  the  sketch  of  Lyman  Wood.  In  1885  the 
family  removed  to  Murray  and  our  subject  there  be- 
gan his  school  course  which  was  finished  in  the  high 
school  in  Wallace.  In  1896  he  left  that  pleasant  part 
of  life,  the  school  days,  and  began  the  real  battle  of 
business.  He  was  in  the  employ  of  Finch  &  Camp- 
bell in  outside  work  about  the  Standard  for  three  years. 
Then  he  was  appointed  shift  boss  in  the  mill  at  Wal- 
lace, where  he  did  good  work  for  three  years.  In 
July,  1902,  he  was  transferred  as  foreman  of  the  Hecla 
mill  and  there  he  is  fulfilling  the  duties  incumbent  in 
a  capable  and  faithful  manner.  Mr.  Wood  is  inter- 
ested heavily  with  his  father  in  mining  properties  and 
is  a  stirring  spirit  in  this  line.  Fraternally,  he  is  affili- 
ated with  the  Elks  and  the  Maccabees  and  in  political 
matters  he  is  independent.  Mr.  Wood  is  a  popular  and 
highly  esteemed  young  man. 


JOHN  F.  METZ,  of  the  firm  of  Mctz  &  Meal 
proprietors  of  the  Idaho  resort  in  Wallace,  is  an  ener- 
getic and  enterprising  business  man  and  is  conducting 
a  popular  place  of  business.  He  was  born  in  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota,  on  September  22,  1869,  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Mary  (Gruppel)  Metz,  who  now  dwell  in  St. 
Paul.  The  father  was  born  in  Germany  and  followed 
contracting  and  building.  The  mother  was  born  in  St. 

spent  the  first  seventeen  years  of  his  life  in  his  native 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


place  and  acquired  a  good  education  and  then  started 
out  for  himself.  He  first  went  to  Montana  and  was  en- 
gaged in  a  hotel  and  later  in  a  restaurant,  learning  the 
business  thoroughly.  In  1888  Mr.  Metz  went  to 
Tekoa,  Washington,  and  opened  the  Pioneer  restau- 
rant and  conducted  it  a  year.  Next  we  see  him  in  Wal- 
lace and  for  three  years'  he  was  in  the  saloon  and  res- 
taurant business.  In  1894  Mr.  Metz  leased  the  Idaho 
hotel  and  for  three  years  he  did  a  good  business  and 
then  sold*out  and  went  to  Ft.  Steele,  where  he  operated 
a  restaurant  for  one  year.  Next  he  followed  the  same 
business  in  Saltese,  Montana,  and  also  conducted  a 
saloon.  Mr.  Metz  then  turned  to  prospecting  and  did 
some  exploiting  in  the  Buffalo  Hump  country.  He  lo- 
cated a  claim  but  being  short  of  funds  abandoned  it. 
It  was  relocated  and  sold  for  ten  thousand  dollars.  In 
1899  ne  returned  to  Wallace  and  January  first  engaged 
in  hts  present  business  with  Ed  O'Mally.  who  recently 
sold  his  interest  to  Michael  Mealley.  they  conducted 
a  place  which  is  a  popular  resort  for  miners  and  pros- 
pectors. Mr.  Metz  has  five  brothers,  William,  Henry, 
Charles,  George,  Herbert,  and  one  sister,  Christena 
Hendricks.  Mr.  Metz  is  still  the  possessor  of  the  joys 
and  quietness  of  the  bachelor.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Elks  and  in  polifks  is  a  Democrat. 


FRED  C.  GREENWALD  is  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Greenwald  &  Coller,  proprietors  of  the 
Windsor  hotel,  the  leading  hostelry  in  Mullan,  and  a 
[  house  which  is  a  favorite  with  the  traveling  public  and 
the  recipient  of  a  thriving  patronage. 

Fred  C.  Greenwald  was  born  in  Herne,  Germany, 
on  April  i ,  1870,  the  son  of  Robert  and  Alwine  ( Erde- 
len)  Greenwald,  natives  of  Herne.  The  father  died 
in  1892.  He  had  been  a  soldier  in  the  Austrian  and 
the  Franco-Prussian  wars.  The  mother  still  lives 
in  Herne.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  learned  the  confectioner's  art.  He  wrought 
at  this  industry  until  he  was  eighteen,  then  came  to 
the  United  States  and  located  in  Hoboken,  New  Jer- 
sey. One  year  there  in  a  hotel,  then  to  Buffalo,  New 
York,  then"  in  Kansas  City,  later  in  Arizona,  Los  An- 
geles and  other  places  in  California  he  wrought  in  cook- 
ing and  at  his  trade.  In  the  fall  of  1891,  he  came  to 
Spokane  and  was.  pastry  cook  there  until  June,  1896,  in 
the  Spokane  hotel.  Then  he  came  to  Wallace  and 
took  a  position  in  the  Carter  house,  after  which  he 
was  in  the  Morning  mine  in  Mullan,  then  cooked  at 
the  miners'  boarding  house  in  Burke  and  in  Septem- 
ber, 1901,  Mr.  Greenwald  entered  partnership  with 
Ed  Lappat  and  bought  the  business  of  the  Windsor 
house.  Later  Mr.  Lappat  sold  to  Mr.  Coller  who  is 
now  in  partnership  with  our  subject.  Their  excel- 
lent cuisine,  wise  management  of  business,  kind  treat- 
ment of  all  and  genial  manner,  have  won  for  them  a 
gratifying  patronage  and  made  their  house  the  center 
of  the  travelers  for  this  town. 

Mr.  Greenwald  has  four  brothers  and  two  sisters 
living  in  Germany,  Paul,  Ernest,  William.  Robert, 
Adele.  Emma.  On  October  5,  1898,  at  Spokane,  Mr. 


Greenwald  married  Miss  Thea  C.  Carter,  who  is  a 
native  of  Norway.  Her  parents  are  both  deceased. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  Alma  A. 
and  Clara  T.  Mr.  Greenwald  is  a  member  of  the  Red- 
men  and  is  past  sachem.  He  is  manager  of  the  Stev- 
ens Peak  Copper  and  Gold  Mining  Company,  secre- 
tary of  the  Wellington  Copper  and  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany and  is  also  interested  in  several  other  promising 
properties. 


ALBERT  E.  BOOKW ALTER  is  master  me- 
chanic of  the  Mammouth  mine  at  Gem  and  in  this  ca- 
pacity has  manifested  great  skill  and  execution  in  his 
line  and  is  a  popular  and  substantial  man.  He  was 
born  in  Indiana,  on  September  7,  1862,  the  son  of  Will- 
iam H.  and  Bettie  (Flora)  Bookwalter,  natives  of 
Indiana,  and  they  now  live  at  Bookwalter,  Nebraska. 
They  came  from  old  and  prominent  families  and  are 
leading  people  in  their  present  home.  Our  subject 
was  educated  well  and  learned  the  machinist  trade 
while  going  on  with  his  school.  This  was  at  Pawnee 
City,  Nebraska.  Since  that  time  he  has  given  most 
of  his  time  to  engineering  and  machine  work.  He 
followed  his  trades  in  Nebraska  until  1890  and  then 
came  to  Corvallis,  Oregon.  He  was  engineer  and 
master  mechanic  in  the  carriage  works  there  for  five 
years,  then  went  to  Salem  and  took  charge  of  the  elec- 
tric plant  there  until  August,  1899.  At  the  last  date 
mentioned,  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and 
was  installed  as  master  mechanic  at  the  Mammoth 
and  there  he  has  continued  since.  Mr.  Bookwalter 
has  four  brothers  and  four  sisters:  Frank,  Allison, 
John,  Joseph,  Lilly,  Annie,  Lida,  Bertha. 

On  August  4,  1883,  Mr.  Bookwalter  married  Ma- 
linda  J.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Sophia  (Clark) 
Cruse,  natives  of  Indiana  and  now  living  at  Liberty, 
Nebraska.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Pawnee  City, 
Nebraska.  Mrs.  Bookwalter  is  a  native  of  Franklin 
county,  Indiana,  and  has  two  brothers  and  three  sis- 
ters: Marion,  Henry,  Elnora  Patterson.  Elsie  Harris, 
Lulu  Doty.  To  Mr',  and  Mrs.  Bookwalter  there  have 
been  born  six  children  :  Vernon,  William,  Lewis,  Flora, 
Elnora,  Marie  M.  Mr.  Bookwalter  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  W.  W.  He 
is  a  Republican  and  always  allied  on  the  side  of  prog- 
ress and  improvement. 


JACOB  MORITZ,  one  of  the  best  known  mer- 
chants of  Orofino,  is  eminently  deserving  of  mention 
in  the  history  of  northern  Idaho,  since  he  has  been 
more  or  less  connected  with  the  country  for  a  score  or 
more  of  years,  since  he  is  now  one  of  the  steady  labor- 
ers for  development  and  advancement,  since  he  is  a 
man  of  integrity,  and  since  he  is  a  popular  and  capa- 
ble man  and  possessed  of  a  public  spirit.  Perhaps  no 
man  in  the  Clearwater  valley  is  beloved  sincerely  by 
more  people  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  his 
affability,  kindness,  real  worth  of  character,  genuine 
sympathy  with  his  fellows,  and  cheering  words  to  all, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


are  some  of  the  reasons  that  have  wrought  this  state 
of  affairs  and  hold  his  large  circle  of  admiring  friends. 

Jacob  Moritz  was  born  in  York,  Pennsylvania,  on 
May  12,  1860,  being  the  son  of  Moses  and  Henrietta 
(Danabaum)  Moritz,  natives  of  Germany.  The  father 
was  a  prominent  physician  in  York  and  died  in  Sep- 
tember, 1879.  The  mother  died  when  our  subject  was 
twenty.  Jacob  had  received  a  good  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  high  school  in  York  and  in  1882 
he  went  to  Pueblo,  Colorado,  to  visit  relatives.  Thence 
he  made  his  way  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  soon  was 
installed  as  steward  on  one  of  the  O.  R.  &  N.  steamers. 
For  eighteen  years  he  made  the  Snake  river  trip  and 
Was  known  favorably  all  over  the  country  adjacent  to 
that  run.  He  is  an  only  child,  but  has  "half-brothers 
and  half-sisters  as  follows:  Frank,  David  and  Pau- 
line. In  1899  Mr.  Moritz  located  in  Orofino  and  op- 
ened a  general  merchandise  store  and  has  enjoyed  a 
first-class  trade  since  that  time. 

At  Lewiston,  on  August  7,  1897,  Mr.  Moritz  mar- 
ried Miss  Hattie  M.,  daughter  of  Frank  and  Sarah 
(Maguire)  -Pixley.  Mr.  Pixley  died  when  Mrs.  Mor- 
itz was  five  years  old  and  his  widow  is  now  living  at 
Waha,  on  the  reservation.  Mrs.  Moritz  was  born  in 
Kansas,  on  February  22,  1877,  and  has  three  brothers, 
Orrin,  in  Lewiston;  Walter  and  James,  at  Waha. 


CHARLES  E.  FORT,  who  is  well  known  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country,  is  a  popular  business  man  in 
Gem  and  is  also  interested  in  mining,  to  which  he 
gives  his  attention  a  portion  of  the  time.  He  was  born 
in  Rock  county,  Wisconsin,  on  February  15,  1867, 
the  son  of  Thomas  S.  Fort,  native  of  New  York  state. 
The  father  was  a  pioneer  to  Wisconsin  and  died  in 
Michigan  in  1887.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Wiscon- 
sin until  twelve,  attended  district  school  and  then  went 
to  Michigan  with  the  family.  There  he  was  a  con- 
stant attendant  in  school  until  he  was  sixteen  when  he 
learned  the  baker's  trade  and  followed  it  in  Michi- 
gan for  some  time.  Then  after  his  father's  death  he 
was  employed  in  the  mines  in  various  places  in  the 
state  until  1892,  when  he  opened  a  cigar  and  confec- 
tionery store  in  Ironwood,  Michigan,  and  sold  out 
one  vear  later.  He  was  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
in  1897  he  came  to  Gem.  He 
ines  and  then  opened  a  cigar 
Mr.  Fort  has  one  brother, 


ness  there  for  a  time  and 
took  a  position  in  the  m 
and  confectionery  store. 
Edward. 

At  Hurley,  Wisconsin,  on  January  21,  1889,  Mr. 
Fort  married  Miss  Lauretta,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Julia  (Johnson)  Strike,  natives  of  England  and  New 
York,  reespectively.  The  father  lives  in  Wisconsin, 
where  he  follows  blacksmithing.  The  mother  died 
April  26,  1902.  Mrs.  Fort  died  August  16,  1900, 
at  Gem,  aged  twenty-five  years,  leaving  two  sons, 
Thomas  R.,  and  Harvey.  On  September  26,  1901,  Mr. 
Fort  married  Mrs.  Mary  Lawrence,  who  is  a  sister  of 
his  first  wife.  The  marriage  occurred  in  Missoula, 
Montana.  Mrs.  Fort  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  Sep- 
tember 23,  1872.  She  has  two  girls  by  her  first  mar- 


riage. Clara  M.  and  Olive  M.  Mrs.  Fort  has  two 
sisters  living,  Sarah  J.  Jones  and  Grace,  and  two 
brothers,  Harry  and  James.  Mr.  Fort  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Encampment  and  the  K.  P.  He  is 
handling  a  fine  cigar  store  and  confectionery  estab- 
lishment, his  wife  aiding  in  this  enterprise,  while  he 
also  does  considerable  work  in  photography  and  has 
some  elegant  views  on  sale. 


! 

FRANCIS  E.  GILLICE  is  one  of  the  young  men 
of  Gem  whose  popularity  is  unmistakable,  and  whose 
uprightness  and  capabilities  have  hightly  won  for  him 
this  enviable  position  and  the  confidence  which  is  his 
to  enjoy  in  unstinted  measure.  He  is  at  present  the 
hoist  engineer  in  the  Frisco  mine  and  is  one  of  the  effi- 
cient men  of  the  district. 

Francis  E.  Gillice  was  born  in  Placer  county,  Cal- 
ifornia, on  October  10,  1877,  the  son  of  Owen  and 
Ingeberg  (Wickstrom)  Gillice.  The  father  was  a 
native  of  Ireland,  came  to  California  in  1849  and  there 
followed  mining  until  his  death,  in  1881.  He  had  come 
across  the  plains.  The  mother  was  born  in  Sweden  and 
now  lives  near  Salem.  After  the  death  of  his  father 
our  subject  came  with  his  mother  and  the  balance  of 
'the  family  to  Kansas,  whence  they  went  to  Oregon. 
Mrs.  Gillice  married  Samuel  Miles  'in  Kansas,  a  native 
of  Indiana,  whose  ancestors  were  of  the  stanch  Quaker 
stock..  Our  subject  attended  the  graded  and  high 
schools  in  Salem  and  in  October,  1898.  he  came  thence 
to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  where  he  at  once  began 
labor  in  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan.  He  remained 
there  until  the  mines  closed  in  1899  and  after  work  was 
resumed  he  came  to  the  Frisco  and  since  then  he  has 
been  one  of  the  efficient  force  in  that  property.  He 
has  held  his  present  position  about  nine  months  and  is 
a  capable  hand  in  this  responsible  place.  Mr.  Gillice 
has  one  brother,  Oscar.  Mr.  Gillice  is  a  member  of 
the  Elks  and  popular  in  this  leading  fraternal  order  in 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  country. 

I 


HON.  CLIFFORD  C.  FULLER,  now  conducting 
a  real  estate  and  insurance  business  in  Orofino,  is  with- 
out doubt  one  of  the  leading  business-men  of  the  Clear- 
water  valley,  as  will  be  evident  from  a  perusal  of  his 
life's  review,  which  we  append,  deeming  it  a  pertinent 
portion  of  the  history  of  Shoshone  county. 

Clifford  C.  Fuller  was  born  in  Morenci,  Michigan, 
on  August  21.  1868,  being  the  son  of  Morris  F.  and 
Mary  L.  (Page)  Fuller.  The  father  was  born  in  New 
York  State,  being  descended  from  a  prominent  family 
of  long  standing  in  the  Empire  State.  His  eldest 
brother.  Rev.  J.  O.  Fuller,  was  a  well  known  divine  of 
Atlanta.  Georgia'."  The  father  is  now  a"  retired  fanner 
in  Huron,  South  Dakota.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Fairfield  township,  Michigan.  Her  par- 
ents were  natives  of  New  York  State  and  early  pio- 
neers to  Michigan.  They  were  in  Detroit  when  it  was 
held  by  the  British.  The  maternal  grandmother  of  our  . 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


subject  was  a  Morris  and  her  ancestors  were  of  na- 
tional fame  in  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  one  of 
them  being  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence. Our  subject  attended  school  in-  Morenci  until 
fifteen  and  then  came  with  the  family  to  South  Dakota, 
who  were  part  of  a  large  colony  of  Michigan  people. 
The  father  took  land  and  our  subject  completed  his 
education  in  a  private  school  and  later  taught  school 
for  three  winters.  When  he  was  twenty  he  engaged 
in  the  real  estate  business  in  Huron,  and  as  this  was  in 
the  time  when  the  strong  fight  for  the  state  capital  was 
being  taken  up,  wherein  a  quarter  of  a  million  was 
spent,  there  was  a  great  boom.  When  the  capital  was 
located  Mr.  Fuller  withdrew  from  business,  as  the 
boom  was  over.  In  1890  he  came  to  Olympia  and  read 
law  for  one  year,  thence  to  Moscow,  where  he  contin- 
ued this  reading,  and  there  also  he  embarked  in  a 
commercial  brokerage  and  collection  business  in  part- 
nership with  G.  G.  Pickett.  He  continued  in  business 
there  until  the  reservation  opened  up  and  he  came  to 
the  present  site  of  Orofino  and  filed  on  one  hundred 
and  "forty-seven  acres  of  land.  He  erected  a  store, 
fenced  the  land  and  made  other  improvements.  He 
conducted  a  general  merchandise  business.  At  this 
time  Mr.  Fuller  put  into  execution  a  plan  which  he  had 
long  considered  feasible,  that  of  running  a  steamer  on 
the  Clearwater.  and  the  Lewiston  was  the  boat  that  he 
hired  for  one  trip,  in  which  it  transported  large 
amounts  of  cordwood  to  Lewiston.  This  was  an  ex- 
cellent undertaking,  and  will  doubtless  result  in  much 
good,  as  it  is  demonstrated  how  that  the  steamers  are 
able  to  make  the  trips,  and  when  a  small  amount  of 
Improving  is  done  by  the  government  this  waterway 
will  be  opened  up  and  be  of  untold  benefit  to  the  sur- 
rounding country.  And  in  this  connection  we  are 
bound  to  mention  that  to  Mr.  Fuller  much  credit  is 
due  for  his  aggressive  labors  in  many  lines  in  this  sec- 
tion, in  addition  to  this  important  move,  which  will  be 
evident  as  we  proceed.  In  1896  Mr.  Fuller  was  nom- 
inated for  lieutenant-governor  of  Idaho  on  the  Fusion 
ticket,  but  declined,  being  too  young  for  eligibility  to 
the  position.  In  the  same  campaign,  however,  he  was 
nominated  for  representative  to  the  state  legislature 
and  elected  by  a  handsome  majority,  having  the  dis- 
tinction of  running  far  ahead  of  his  ticket.  In  that 
legislature  he  took  an  important  part  in  the  Heitfield- 
Dubois  senatorial  fight.  The  former  being  elected,  our 
subject  was  appointed  his  secretary  and  served  for  one 
year  in  Washington,  then  resigned  to  return  to  his 
business  at  Orofino.  He  had  previous  to  this  organized 
a  company  known  as  the  Clearwater  Improvement 
Company,  he  being  president  and  P.  H.  Blake  secre- 
tary, to  "which  company  he  had  deeded  his  land.  The 
company  built  a  warehouse,  platted  a  town-site  and  did 
other  improving  in  1898.  They  also  constructed  a 
ferry  and  the  town  commenced  to  grow.  It  was  named 
Orofino  from  the  well  known  creek  and  a  new  town 
with  excellent  prospects  was  launched.  The  railroad 
came  in  the  fall  and  the  town  has  become  well  known 
and  promises  great  things  for  the  future.  Mr.  Fuller 
has  also  been  active  in  the  interests  of  the  new  county 
and  spent  the  winter  in  Boise  in  arduous  labor  for  it. 


Mr.  Fuller  is  a  member  of  the  B.  P.  O.  E.,  Mos- 
cow, No.  249.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  is  a 
potent  and  well  known  figure  in  the  conventions,  both 
state  and  county.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters :  James  M.,  an  expert  with  a  threshing  ma- 
chine company  in  Grinnell,  Iowa ;  Edward  H.,  a  gfain 
buyer  in  Genesee;  Arthur  D.,  a  railroad  engineer  in 
Fond  du  Lac,  Wisconsin;  Nelly,  a  widow;  Alice,  a 
school  teacher ;  Ada,  a  stenographer,  all  in  Huron. 

In  February.  1898.  Mr.  Fuller  married  Miss  Mabel 
B.  Anderson  at  Moscow.  Her  father  is  deceased  and 
her  mother  was  the  first  postmistress  in  Orofino,  and 
now  lives  on  the  reservation.  Mrs.  Fuller  was  born  in 
Iowa  on  August  31,  1875,  and  is  now  attending  the 
State  University  in  Moscow.  They  have  one  child, 
Lucelle. 


STEPHEN  V.  OSBURN  is  one  of  the  earliest 
and  most  prominent  pioneers  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene  dis- 
trict, and  since  the  days  of  the  Prichard  creek  excite- 
ment until  the  present  he  has  allied  himself  with  this 
section  and  is  one  of  the  best  known  men  of  the  coun- 
try. He  was  born  in  Virginia  November  I,  1835,  the 
son  of  Enos  and  Sarah  (Castleman)  Osburn,  natives 
of  Virginia.  The  father  was  born  in  1796  and  died  in 
1868,  had  served  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  subject's 
grandfather  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution.  The  fam- 
ily started  in  this  country  by  the  emigration  6f  four 
brothers  from  England  in  1728.  The  mother  came 
from  a  prominent  old  Virginia  family  who  were  very 
wealthy  and  were  leaders  in  the  American  cause  and 
fought  in  all  the  struggles  pertaining  to  it.  Our  subject 
came  to  Illinois  when  small  with  the  family  and  there 
gained  his  education  from  the  public  schools.  He  went 
to  do  for  himself  when  twenty  and  bought  a  farm  for 
one  thousand  dollars,  took  two  crops  off  from  it  and 
sold  it  for  two  thousand  dollars.  He  then  bought  a 
large  farm  in  Logan  county  and  there  saw  the  hardest 
times  of  his  life,  corn  and  wheat  selling  as  low  as  ten 
and  forty  cents  respectively.  In  February,  1863,  he 
came  to  Montana  and  mined  in  Alder  gulch,  in  1865 
went  to  Butte,  at  Helena  and  at  other  places  he  mined 
unsuccessfully,  and  finally  in  1870  he  struck  it  rich  in 
Illinois  gulch  and  went  east  but  stopped  at  Salt  Lake 
City  to  mine,  being  interested  in  Dry  Canyon.  In  1876 
he  went  to  the  Black  Hills  arid  to  use  his  expression, 
went  broke  and  got  in  debt  eight  hundred  dollars.  He 
returned  west  and  visited  Butte  and  other  places  and 
finally  on  May  12,  1883,  he  arrived  in  the  Eagle  City 
country.  He  at  once  secured  a  claim,  built  a  hewed  log 
house  and  brought  in  a  stock  of  goods  and  his  place 
was  known  as  Osburn.  March  18,  1886,  he  took  his 
present  place  'and  secured  eighty  acres  additional  as  a 
townsite.  Mr.  Osburn  has  three'  brothers  and  four  sis- 
ters, George,  Marion,  Thomas,  Farrinda,  widow  of  W. 
Bone,  Lucy  Ulett.  Laura  Nance,  Sarah  Speers.  Mr. 
Spcers'  mother  was  captured  by  the  Indians  and  was 
forced  to  marry  an  Indian,  but  later  escaped  and  mar- 
ried. Her  daughter  by  the  Indian  raised  a  family  of 
bovs,  two  of  whom  became  famous  preachers. 

"  At  Rathdrum  in  the  fall  of  1888,  Mr.  Osburn  mar- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO.- 


riecl  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Smith,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Osburn  has  heavy  mining  interests,  among  which 
we  may  mention  the  Mineral  Point  property,  a  pro- 
ducer, the  Terror,  the  Evolution,  which  was  the  first 
claim  located  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  by  Prichard,  and 
many  other  properties.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Elks. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Osburn  are  well  known  and  have  hosts 
of  friends  in  this  country  and  are  among  the  leading 
people  of  the  entire  district. 


JOSEPH  E.  BECK,  M.  D.  A  representative  and 
well  known  business  man  of  Orofino,  where  the  Doctor 
does  both  an  extensive  medical  practice  and  also  is  pro- 
prietor of  a  first  class  drug  store,  it  is  fitting  that  an 
epitome  of  his  'career  be  granted  among  the  prominent 
men  of  his  town  and  vicinity. 

Joseph  E.  Beck  was  born  in  Armstrong  county, 
Pennsylvania,  on  May  5,  1864,  being  the  son  of  Jacob 
P.  and  Sophia  (Saxmon)  Beck,  natives  of  Pennsylva- 
nia and  of  German  ancestrage.  The  father  is  a  promi- 
nent Republican  in  his  section  and  is  now  leading  a 
retired  life  from  his  active  labors  of  a  farmer  hereto- 
fore. The  mother  of  our  subject  died  in  September, 
1901.  Our  subject  received  a  common  schooling  and 
then  graduated  from  Dayton  Academy,  Pennsylvania, 
and  then  entered  the  state  university  of  Iowa,  taking 
up  the  medical  course,  which  he  finished'  with  distinc- 
tion in  1887.  An  active  practice  soon  began  and  he 
followed  his  profession  one  year  in  Pennsylvania,  seven 
years  in  South  Dakota,  four  years  in  Kansas,  and  one 
year  in  Washington.  Then  he  retired  from  active  prac- 
tice for  one  year,  visiting  various  places  in  the  north- 
west, finally  locating  in  Orofino,  where  he  purchased 
his  present  store  from  Dr.  Charles  S.  Moody.  The  Doc- 
tor does  a  good  practice  in  the  town  and  surrounding 
country  in  addition  to  handling  his  store  and  he  is  a 
leading  business  man  of  this  section.  Doctor  Beck  has 
four  brothers,  Dr.  Peter  S.  Beck,  in  Genesee ;  Dr.  John 
A.  Beck,  in  Salinas,  California ;  Jacob  S.,  a  farmer  in 
Pennsylvania:  Christian  S.,  a  miner  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Orofino  64,  being 
vice  grand;  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Orqfino  31,  being  pres- 
sent  C.  C. :  and  of  the  M.  W.  A. 

On  September  22,  1893,  in  Chicago,  Dr.  Beck  mar- 
ried Miss  Delia  E.,  daughter  of  James  Yates,  whose 
parents  were  natives  of  England  and  were  married  in 
London.  Mrs.  Beck  was  born  in  Tennessee.  Her  par- 
ents now  live  in  Kansas  and  the  father  is  a  retired  iron 
worker,  being  a  very  skillful  artisan.  Mrs.  Beck  is 
now  conducting  a  drug  store  in  Pasco,  Washington. 


PETER  SCHUE,  a  genial  and  affable  gentleman 
whose  uprightness  and  capabilities  have  won  for  him 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  all,  is  now  living  at  Os- 
burn, and  is  heavily  interested  in  mining  properties 
that  have  shown  great  value.  He  was  born  in  Indiana 
November  10,  1847,  the  son  of  Frank  and  Lucy  (Brun- 
ner)  Schue,  natives  of  Alsace-Lorraine  and  Switzer- 


land, respectively.  The  father  settled  in  Indiana  when 
sixteen  and  was  one  of  the  leading  pioneers  of  the 
country.  He  died  in  1849,  aged  twenty-four.  He  was 
a  prominent  young  man.  The  mother  came  to  the 
United  States  when  five  years  of  age,  was  married  in 
Dearborn  county,  Indiana,  and  now  lives  in  Osage 
county,  Missouri,  the  widow  of  John  G.  Schwind.  O«r 
subject  had  the  privilege  of  but  one  term  in  school  and 
like  many  of  the  hardy  pioneers  he  was  obliged  to 
gather  his  education  from  the  available  means  as  he 
grew  tip.  He  remained  in  Indiana  until  twenty-six, 
engaged  in  buying  cattle  and  hogs.  On  May  26,  1876, 
he  landed  in  Kansas,  returned  soon  to  Indiana,  bought 
horses  and  mules  and  returned  to  Kansas  and  broke 
prairie  in  various  places,  working  for  Mrs.  White,  the 
mother  of  Senator  White,  which  person  helped  him  to 
break  twelve  miles  of  fire  breaks  in  two  days.  Mr. 
Schue  farmed  and  raised  stock  there  until  1889,  when 
he  came  to  Farmington.  Washington.  In  1899  Mr. 
Schue,  with  Messrs.  F.  T.  Brown,  J.  J.  Winship,  John 
McNull,  John  Flink  and  Nathan  Wittner,  advanced 
funds  and  incorporated  the  O.  K.  Mining  Company. 
In  addition  to  this  property  Mr.  Schue  is  interested  in 
the  Salmon  river  mines  and  has  some  very  valuable 
property.  He  has  one  half-brother  and  three  half- 
sisters, — Louis,  Mary  Bengal,  Barbara  Lambert  and 
Lena  Keller. 

On  September  7,  1899,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Schue  mar- 
ried Miss  Annie,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Eliza  (Mur- 
ray) McRedmond,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  en- 
listed in  the  Civil  war,  and  died  soon  after  from  yellow 
fever,  when  Mrs.  Schue  was  five  months  old.'  The 
mother  died  in  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  in  January, 
1872.  Mrs.  Schue  lived  in  Westfield,  but  made  several 
trips  to  the  west  to  visit  friends.  Mr.  Schue  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  Encampment.  Mrs. 
Schue  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church.  Politically 
they  are  independent. 


OLE  H.   LINN  is  a  mining  man  and  a  leading 
business  man  of  Wallace,  of  excellent  standing,  and 

front  and  to  the  attention  of  investors.  He  was  born 
in  Sweden  March  20,  1871,  the  son  of  Hans  and  Emma 
(Bur)  Linn,  natives  of  Norway  and  Sweden,  respect- 
ively. They  came  to  the  United  States  in  1887,  and  the 
father  died  in  Douglas  county,  Minnesota,  a  few  days 
after  his  arrival.  The  mother  still  lives  in  Minnesota. 
Our  subject  came  to  this  country  two  years  after  his 
parents  and  spent  one  year  in  Minnesota  and  North 
Dakota,  and  then  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country. 
He  landed  here  in  March,  1890,  and  went  to  work  in 
the  various  mines  of  the  district.  He  invested  his 
earnings  carefully  in  grubstaking  and  in  stocks,  and 
the  results  are  that  he  is  now  one  of  the  principal  men 
of  the  section.  He  is  president  of  the  Nine  Mile  prop- 
erties and  manager  and  director  of  the  O.  K.,  at  Gov- 
ernment gulch,  besides  being  heavily  interested  in  vari- 
ous other  properties  that  are  of  value.  He  is  handling 
a  force  of  eight  men  in  development  work  on  the  O. 


PETER  SCHUE. 


OLE  H.  LINN. 


JOHN  W.  FLINK. 


FRANK  M.  EDMONSON. 


JOHN  H.  HANSEN. 


GUS  PETERSON. 


CHARLES  E.  BENNETT.  HARRY  M.  RICHARDSON. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


K.  and  the  property  will  soon  be  a  producer.  Mr.  Linn 
has  also  an  eighth  interest  in  the  Sixteen  to  One 
claims.  Mr.  Linn  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Michael.  Samuel,  Andrew,  Annie  Flink, 
Emma  Holm.  Martha. 

On  January  22,  1894,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Linn  mar- 
ried Miss  Annie,  daughter  of  Magnus  and  Mary  (Er- 
rickson)  Mattson,  natives  of  Sweden.  The  father  died 
when  this  daughter  was  young,  and  the  mother  died  in 
her  native  land  in  1891.  Mrs.  Linn  was  born  in 
Sweden  on  January  19,  1871,  and  she  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,— Charles  and  Tillie  Michael.  Mr.  Linn 
is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  the  Elks,  of  the 
K.  P.  and  of  the  Scandinavian  Brotherhood.  He  is  a 
stanch  Republican  and  is  on  the  school  board  and  at- 
tended the  seventh  state  convention. 


JOHN  W.  FLINK  is  a  leading  mining  man  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we 
are  enabled  to  grant  an  epitome  of  his  interesting  ca- 
reer in  the  history  of  his  county.  He  was  born  in 
Sweden  on  July  6,  1866,  the  son  of  Charles  and  Han- 
nah Flink,  natives  also  of  Sweden,  where  the  mother 
died  when  our  subject  was  six  years  of  age.  The 
father  was  for  many  years  a  non-commissioned  officer 
in  the  army,  and,  as  is  customary  in  that  country,  he 
was  given  a  name,  when  he  entered  the  army,  and  they 
have  retained  the  name  since.  He  is  now  retired. 
Our  subject  was  well  educated  in  his  native  land,  and 
in  March,  1887,  he  came  to  the  United  States.  He 
soon  made  his  way  to  Minnesota  and  worked  in  the 

when  he  went  to  Puget  Sound.  In  the  winter  of  1889 
he  returned  east  as  far  as  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
and  worked  on  the  railroad  between  Wallace  and  Mul- 
lan.  Next  we  see  him  in  Stevens  county,  Washing- 
ton, and  in  Spokane,  and  in  the  winter  of  1890  he  came 
to  Wallace,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been  identified 
with  the  mining  interests  of  this  district.  He  did 
contract  work  on  prospects  and  worked  in  the  different 
large  properties  and  in  1896  Mr.  Flink  located  the 
famous  Sixteen  to  One  mine.  He  bonded  to  Finch 
&  Campbell,  and  they  paid  several  payments  and  then 
let  it  come  back  on  account  of  litigation  regarding  sur- 
face rights.  Mr.  Flink  still  owns  three-eighth's'  inter- 
est in  the  property,  which  is  considered  worth  more 
than  a  million.  He  is  also  interested  in  the  O.  K.  and 
owns  heavily  in  the  Nine  Mile  Company.  He  is  man- 
ager of  one  and  holds  official  positions  in  the  others. 
Mr.  Flink  has  considerable  other  mining  property  and 
also  owns  considerable  residence  property  in  Wallace, 
which  brings  in  a  steady  revenue,  and  also  has  some 
fine  property  in  Seattle*  He  has  two  brothers  and 
one  sister,— Johan.  Peter  and  Emily.  Mr.  Flink  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  the  Elks,  and  of  the 
Scandinavian  Brotherhood.  He  is  a  Republican  and 
frequently  is  delegate. 

On  September  9,  1900,  in  Douglas  county,  Min- 
nesota. Mr.  Flink  married  Miss  Anna  H.,  daughter  of 
Hans  and  Ingeborg  Linn,  natives  of  Norway  and 


Sweden,  respectively.  The  father  died  a  few  days 
after  getting  to  this  country,  and  the  mother  lives  now 
in  Minnesota..  Mrs.  Flink"  is  a  native  of  Sweden  and 
has  four  brothers  and  two  sisters,— Michael  H.,  Ole  H., 
Andrew  H.,  Samuel  H.,  Ingeborg  Holm  and  Martha  H. 


ALLY  McGILLIVRAY.  The  real  worth,  enter- 
prise and  business  ability  of  the  subject  of  this  article 
have  found  fitting  expression  in  his  excellent  achieve- 
ments and  various  business  ventures  in  and  adjacent 
to  Kingston.  He  does  general  farming,  operates  in  the 
mining  realm  quite  extensively,  takes  and  executes 
large  logging  contracts  ;  handles  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  feet  of  mining  timbers  in  addition  to  an  extensive 
pole  business.  In  this  latter  industry  Mr.  McGillivray 
is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  Northwest.  He 
drives  his  products  down  the  tributary  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  river  and  distributes  these  poles  to  all  sections 
of  the  United  States,  shipping  as  far  as  New  York. 
In  this  alone  he  handled  over  one  hundred  carloads 
last  year. 

Ally  McGillivray  was  born  in  Michigan  on  June  5, 
1869,  the  son  of  Duncan  D.  and  Emma  (Uden)  Mc- 
Gillivray, natives  of  Scotland  and  Canada,  respectively. 
The  father  came  from  Scotland  to  Canada,  then  to  the 
United  States  in  the  early  'sixties,  settling  in  Michigan, 
where  he  died  in  1880.  The  mother  still  lives  at 
Nuir,  Michigan.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Michigan, 
and  there  received  a  very  thorough  education  in  the 
high  school,  graduating  from  the  latter  in  1887;  then 
he  came  to  Livingston,  Montana,  whence  he  soon  made 
his  way  to  .Cataldo,  and  there  and  in  Kingston  he  has 
continued  in  the  industries  as  outlined  above.  Re- 
cently Mr.  McGillivray  bought  forty  acres  of  good 
tillable  land,  where'  he  erected  his  present  residence. 
He  has  two  brothers,— George  H.  and  Duncan  D. ; 
and  four  sisters,— Edith  Toan,  Jessie  Jones,  Ada  and 
Minnie,  teachers  in  Michigan. 

On  December  25,  1901,  at  Kingston,  Mr.  McGilli- 
vray married  Miss  Ina  P.,  daughter  of  Frank  and 
Elizabeth  (Littlefield)  Smith.  One  child  has  been 
born  to  bless  this  union,— Edna  B. 


FRANK  M.  EDMONSON  is  a  well  known  and 
stirring  business  man  in  Orofino,  being  manager  and 
one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Clearwater  livery  and  feed 
stable  in  Orofino  which  is  handled  by  Demarest  & 
Edmonson. 

Frank  M.  Edmonson  was  born  in  Newaygo  county, 
Michigan,  on  November  22,  1870,  being  the  son  of 
William  P.  and  Adelia  (Fairbanks)  Edmonson,  na- 
tives of  New  Jersey  and  Michigan,  respectively.  The 
father's  ancestors  also  were  natives  of  New  Jersey, 
and  he  served  in  the  Seventh  Michigan  for  four  years, 
being  in  thirteen  battles.  He  was  wounded  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness  and  died  at  Leland  on  Oc- 
tober 10,  1894.  aged  fifty-six.  The  mother  lives  with 
our  subject,  and  her  father  and  mother  were  natives  of 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


New  York  and  Vermont,  respectively.  Frank  was 
raised  in  Michigan  until  nine  and  then  came  with  his 
parents  to  Idaho.  He  was  educated  in  the  district 
schools  in  Michigan  and  in  the  Potlatch  country.  He 
remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty-two  and  after 
his  father's  death  he  engaged  in  a  meat  market  in  Le- 
land  for  two  years.  At  the  opening  of  the  reservation 
Mr.  Edmonson  went  to  Central  ridge  and  took  a  place, 
which  he  later  sold.  Then  he  took  another  claim, 
across  the  river  from  Orofino.  In  August,  1902,  in 
partnership  with  Mr.  Demarest,  he  bought  his  present 
business,  including  stock,  stables  and  some  rigs.  The 
barn  will  accommodate  nearly  forty  transients,  and 
they  own  fifty  head  of  stock.  About  twenty-five  head 
of  saddle  animals  have  been  in  constant  use  and  they 
also  have  some  first  class  rigs,  and  all  that  care,  dili- 
gence and  pains  can  do  for  the  comfort  and  accommo- 
dation of  their  patrons  is  done,  which  gives  the  barn 
a  fine  reputation. 

Mr.  Edmonson  has  one  brother  and  three  sisters, — 
George,  who  owns  a  farm  adjoining  his;  Mary  E.,  a 
widow,  with  our  subject :  Grace  and  Esther,  both  single 
and  with  our  subject.  They  are  school  teachers,  and 
Esther  will  graduate  from  the  state  normal  at  the  next 
term.  Mr.  Edmonson  has  never  seen  fit  to  leave  the 
ranks  of  the  bachelors,  although  many  are  falling 
around  him.  and  he,  too,  is  a  first  class  man  who  enjoys 
the  confidence  and  good  will  of  all.  Politically  he 
is  a  Democrat  and  able  to  uphold  intelligently  the 
principles  of  his  party. 


JOHN  H.  HANSEN.  No  more  patriotic  and  true 
American  citizens  come  to  the  shores  of  the  United 
States  than  the  descendants  of  the  early  discoverers 
of  this  continent.  Among  this  class  of  sturdy  men  and 
noble  women  we  are  constrained  to  mention  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article,  who  is  one  of  the  substantial  and 
leading  business  men  in  Wallace,  where  for  more  than 
a  decade  he  has  followed  successfully  his  occupation  of 
contractor  and  builder,  doing  a  good  business  and 
erecting  some  of  the  best  buildings  in  the  city,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  the  Pacific  hotel,  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Hardware  Company,  Finch  &  Campbell's  office 
and  many  others,  besides  completing  much  work  in  the 
various  mines  adjacent  to  this  centre. 

John  H.  Hansen  was  born  in  Denmark  on  Septem- 
ber 23.  1864,  being  the  son  of  Hans  and  Caroline  (Hen- 
riksen)  Hansen,  natives  of  Denmark  and  dying  in 
1900  and  1876,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  con- 
tractor and  builder,  and  our  subject  learned  the  busi- 
ness thoroughly  from  him.  He  was  also  educated  in 
his  native  land,  and  in  1882  he  came  to  the  United 
States.  He  wrought  first  in  Watertown,  South  Da- 
kota, then  went  to  Minnesota,  and  to  Spokane,  whence 
he  came  to  Wallace  in  1890.  He  has  made  a  fine  repu- 
tation for  himself,  not  only  as  a  first  class  builder, 
but  also  as  a  man  of  integrity  and  stability,  having 
demonstrated  his  intrinsic  worth,  and  he  stands  well 
in  the  community.  Mr.  Hansen  has  no  relatives  in 


the  United  States,  but  he  has  brothers  and  sisters  in 
Denmark. 

On  September  I,  1895,  Mr.  Hansen  married  Miss 
Christina  Christensen,  whose  parents  live  in  Denmark. 
The  wedding  occurred  in  Wallace,  and  they  have  two 
children,— John  H.,  born  September  i,  1896;  Chester 
A.,  born  January  23,  1898.  Mrs.  Hansen  has  one 
brother, — Rasmus,  dwelling  near  Spokane.  Mr.  Han- 
sen is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  \V.,  Mullan  Camp, 
No.  22.  He  is  an  active  and  progressive  member  of 
the  board  of  trade,  and  in  political  matters  he  is  allied 
with  the  Democratic  party.  Mr.  Hansen  is  president 
of  the  North  Star  Mining  Company,  which  has  a  fine 
gold  and  copper  property  on  the  St.  Joseph  river. 
He  also  has  interest  in  the  several  mines  adjacent  to 
Wallace  and  is  vice-president  of  the  Pretoria  Mining 
Company. 


GUS  PETERSON  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Furst  &  Peterson,  who  conduct  the  Colorado  saloon  in 
Gem.  He  was  born  in  Sweden  on  September  22,  1859, 
the  son  of  Peter  Person  and  Ingre  (Erickson)  Peter- 
son, natives  also  of  Sweden,  where  they  live  now.  Oui 
subject  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  place  and 
remained  in  his  native  country  until  1881,  when  he 
came  to  Chicago.  He  was  soon  employed  in  Pullman, 
when  there  were  but  fifteen  houses  there.  Later  he 
did  railroad  contract  work,  and  then  went  to  Fort 
Collins,  Colorado,  where  he  worked  in  the  stoi 
and  later  was  boss  of  the  quarry  for  two  years.  In 
1886  he  went  to  the  state  of  Sonora,  Mexico,  wl 
he  was  engaged  in  mining.  Then  he  worked  in  the 
Gold  Hill  mines,  and  mining  from  that  time  until  1900 
was  his  constant  occupation.  He  made  a  trip  to  the 
old  country  in  1889,  and  in  1892  Mr.  Peters 
into  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  engaged  with  the 
Tiger,  where  he  remained  in  efficient  labor  until  1899. 
He  was  a  year  with  the  Frisco  people,  and  thei 
the  time  of  starting  his  present  business.  Mr.  Peterson 
has  one  brother,  John  N.,  and  four  sisters, — Blenda, 
Matilda  Anderson,  Ida  and  Fea  Swansc 

At  Helena,  Montana,  on  April  10,  1891,  Mr.  Peter- 
son married  Miss  Lena  Roelson,  whose  parents  dwell 
in  the  Black  Hills,  where  she  was  born.  Hei  " 
the  wife  of  Mr.  Peterson's  partner.  Mrs.  Peterson 
has  three  brothers  and  one  sister, — Jacob,  Ole,  Rudolph 
and  Tena  Christiansen.  Mr.  Peterson  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  P.,  of  the  Scandinavian  Brotherhood,  and  is  a  j 
popular  man  in  the  district.  Three  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peterson,— Myrtle,  aged  eleven ; 
Clara,  deceased ;  Pearl,  aged  seven.  Mr.  Peterson  is 
interested  in  a  number  of  promising  and  valuable  min- 
ing properties. 


CHARLES  E.  BENNETT.  Of  one  it  is  said  "Let 
his  works  praise  him  in  the  gates."  Surely  no  greater 
praise  cculd  be  bestowed  upon  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
than  to  properly  represent  the  excellent  work  he  has 
done  in  his  profession.  He  is  one  of  the  most  skilled 
machinists  and  mechanical  engineers  in  the  northwest, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  has  wrought  in  the  interests  of  some  of  the  largest 
companies,  installing  intricate  machinery  in  difficult 
positions  and  accomplishing  some  of  the  most  difficult 
.  operations  in  the  line  of  mechanical  engineering  and  in 
the  art  of  machinist. 

Charles  E.  Bennett  was  born  in  Maine  on  October 
16,  1865,  the  son  of  Otis  G.  and  Hannah  (Bursley) 
'Bennett,  natives  also  of  Maine.  The  paternal  great- 
grandfather of  onr  subject  came  from  England  to 
Gloucester,  Massachusetts,  was  a  sea  faring  man  and 
fought  for  the  independence  of  the  colonies.  The  fa- 
ther of  our  subject  opened  the  noted  slate  quarries  of 
Monson.  Maine,  in  1873.  He  died  in  March,  1892,  .at 
Tacoma,  Washington.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
comes  from  a  prominent  and  old  New  England  family, 
some  of  the  ancestors  arriving  on  these  shores  in  the 
Mayflower.  She  died  in  May,  1876,  in  Maine.  Our 
subject  was  raised  in  Maine  and  received  a  good  high 
school  course,  and  before  that  was  completed  he  took 
up  the  problem  of  learning  the  machinist's  art,  carrying 
the  two  at  the  same  time.  Later  he  went  to  Cambridge- 
port,  Massachusetts,  where  he  finished  his  trade  and 
returned  to  Maine.  A  year  later  he  was  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, then  spent  a  time  in  Maine,  and  soon  was  in 
Montana.  He  was  master  mechanic  in  the  Empire 
mine,  then  came  to  Seattle,  and  traveled  some  and  later 
went  to  the  Spotted  Horse  mine  in  Montana.  Later 
he  was  machinist  in  Dewey  Flat  and  at  the  Big  Ox 
mine,  then  returned  to  the'  Old  Empire.  Five  years 
were  spent  in  Helena  in  charge  of  the  electric  plant, 
and  in  1898  he  came  to  the  Frisco.  Fifteen  months 
here  and  he  went  to  Alaska  for  the  Moore  Investment 
Company.  From  there  he  returned  to  the  Frisco,  and 
here  he  has  been  since.  In  all  these  places  Mr.  Bennett 
was  handling  large  and  intricate  propositions,  which 
required  a  master  mind  and  a  skilled  and  experienced 
hand,  with  talent  to  direct  it  all.  He  has  been  emi- 
nently successful  in  all  the  lines  which  he  has  pur- 
sued, and  in  the  undertakings  of  his  hands,  and  is  also 
one  of  the  popular  men  of  the  district.  He  is  the 
centre  of  a  large  circle  of  admiring  friends  and  is 
worthy  of  the  esteem  and  confidence  placed  in  him. 
Mr.  Bennett  has  two  brothers,  Charles  S.  and  Frank  B. 
On  June  6,  1898,  Mr.  Bennett  married  Miss  Thana 
A.,  daughter  of  William  and  Frances  (Bolin)  Thomp- 
son, natives  of  California.  The  father  died  in  1880, 
and  the  mother  in  1895.  She  was  among  the  very  first 
white  children  born  in  Dutch  Flat,  California.  This 
wedding  occurred  in  Helena,  Montana.  Mrs.  Ben- 
nett has  one  half-sister, — Mrs.  James  Conway.  Mr. 
Bennett  is  a  Republican  and  a  man  of  square  opinions 
on  the  issues  of  the  dav. 


HARRY  M.  RICHARDSON.  The  owner  and 
proprietor  of  a  first  class  drug  store  in  Greer,  and  a  well 
known  and  representative  citizen  of  this  common- 
wealth, it  is  fitting  that  we  accord  to  the  subject  of 
this  article  a  consideration  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

Harry  M.  Richardson  was  born  in  Cedar  county, 
Missouri,  on  March  8,  1870.  being  the  son  of  Edward 


and  Milinda  (Codrick)  Richardson,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee and  Illinois,  respectively.  The  father  was  a 
physician  and  lives  in  Lyons,  Kansas.  He  is  a  promi- 
nent man  there  and  in  1890  ran  for  governor  on  the 
Democratic  ticket,  and  although  he  ran  far  ahead  of  his 
ticket,  he  was  defeated  by  a  small  majority.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  descended  from  German  and 
English  parents  and  is  still  living.  Harry  M.  was 
reared  in  Emporia.  Kansas,  and  received  a  good  educa- 
tion, finishing  in  the  high  school.  After  that  he  spent 
two  years  in  his  father's  drug  store,  and  then  he  came 
to  Colfax,  where  he  clerked  for  Dr.  Buzzings  for 
nearly  two  years.  Following  this  period  Mr.  Richard- 
son came  to  the  vicinity  of  Nezperce  and  took  an  eighty- 
acre  homestead.  After  proving  up  on  this  he  sold 
it  and  came  to  Greer,  where  he  bought  the  store  and 
stock  of  Dr.  Moody,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been 
identified  with  .the  business  population  of  this  place. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  labors  faith- 
fully for.  the  betterment  of  educational  facilities.  Mr. 
Richardson  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  and  the  Circle, 
while  he  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Baptist  church. 

In  January,  1900.  Mr.  Richardson  married  Miss 
Bertha,"  daughter  of  John  B.  and  Ellen  (Hayden) 
Heister.  The  wedding  occurred  in  Pullman,  Wash- 
ington. Mrs.  Richardson  was  born  in  Iowa  in  1871, 
and  she  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Fritz, 
a  cigar  maker  in  Walla  Walla ;  Eugene,  in  the  United 
States  army  in  the  Philippines ;  Dell,  wife  of  Charles 
Elliott,  in  Kenclrick ;  Edith,  wife  of  John  Dunwoody, 
at  Colfax;  Lillie.  wife  of  Louis  Siebert,  in  Marysville, 
Kansas.  Air.  Richardson  has  three  sisters, — Sarah, 
wife  of  Judge  Jarvis  R.  Crawford,  of  Nezperce ;  Alma, 
wife  of  "Edwin  Barber,  near  Nezperce:  Edna,  wife  of 
Joseph  Donaldson,  near  Nezperce.  Mr.  Richardson 
and  his  estimable  wife  have  become  the  parents  of 
three  children,— Monnie.  Myra  Fern  and  Mildred  J. 
In  1902  Mr.  Richardson  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  he  is  an  efficient  incumbent. 


BARNET  FORD.  The  popular  and  efficient  mar- 
shal of  Mullan  is  named  at  the  head  of  this  article,  and 
the  esteem  in  which  he  is  held  is  evidenced  by  the  fact 
that  he  is  now  serving  his  third  term  in  this  capacity. 
He  is  a  man  of  reliability  and  excellent  standing  and 


of  hi- 


official  capacity. 

Barnet  Ford  was  born  in  Tennessee  on  December 
2.  1861.  the  son  of  Isaac  and  Harriet  (Cabbage)  Ford, 
natives  of  Tennessee.  The  family  dwelt  near  the  state 
line  of  Virginia  for  many  years.  The  paternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  'in  the  war  of  1812  and  the 
father  of  that  patriot  came  from  Ireland.  The  father 
of  Barnet  was  too  old  to  enlist  in  the  Civil  war.  but 
two  of  his  sons  fought  for  the  Union.  The  father  gave 
his  life  for  the  cause,  too,  as  while  he  was  piloting  a 
party  through  the  mountains  to  the  Union  army,  where 
they  intended  to  enlist,  he  was  assassinated.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  came  from  German  ancestry. 
Barnet  was  reared  in  his  native  place  and  when 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


eighteen  years  old  came  to  California  and  there  farmed 
for  nine  years.  Then  he  did  railroad  contract  work  in 
Washington,  and  in  1894  he  came  tp  the  Cceur  d'Alene 
country  and  worked  in  the  mines  until  the  time  of  the 
labor  troubles,  when,  as  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Miner's  Union,  he  was  obliged  to  retire  from  that  em- 
ployment, but  was  soon  appointed  night  watchman  in 
Mullan  and  then  elected  marshal,  where  we  find  him  at 
the  present  time.  Mr.  Ford  has  three  brothers  and  two 
sisters,— Wilson,  Thomas.  Archie,  Mrs.  Isaac  Huston, 
Mrs.  John  Gregory. 

On  November  24,  1900,  Mr.  Ford  married  Mrs. 
Hannah  Brock-rick,  daughter  of  Dennis  and  Sarah 
Reardon,  natives  of  the  Emerald  Isle.  Mr.  Reardon 
has  since  passed  away,  but  his  widow,  a  lady  now 
of  eighty  years,  is  living  with  Mrs.  Ford.  She  is  re- 
markably well  preserved  for  one  over  fpur  score  years 
old  and  is  enjoying  the  things  of  life  and  the  hearty 
good  will  and  esteem  of  all.  No  children  have  been 
born  to  this  marriage,  but  Mrs.  Ford  has  four  bright 
children  by  her  first  husband.  They  are  named  as  fol- 
lows,— John,  aged  fourteen,  Mamie,  aged  twelve, 
Sadie,  aged  ten,  Frances,  aged  eight.  Mr.  Ford  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


ISRAEL  ST.  GERMAIN,  well  known  through- 
out the  entire  Cceur  d'Alene  country  as  a  pioneer  and 
an  industrious  developer  of  the  resources  of  the  coun- 
try, is  now  handling  a  thriving  mercantile  business  at 
Osburn.  He  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada,  on 
March  11,  1852.  the  son  of  Antoine  and  Harriett 
(Onimett)  St.  Germain,  natives  of  Montreal.  The 
father  died  in  Illinois  August  9,  1883,  aged  sixty- 
nine,  and  the  mother  lives  there,  aged  seventy-seven. 
The  family  came  to  Illinois  when  our  subject  was  an 
infant  and  in  Kankakee  he  was  educated.  The  father 
•operated  a  tannery  in  Canada  and  in  Kankakee, 
which  a  son  is  now  handling.  When  Israel  was 
twenty-two  the  father  bought  him  a  farm  and  he 
operated  it  fifteen  years,  then  sold  and  went  to  Kan- 
sas, Clay  county,  where  he  stayed  a  year  and  left  be- 
cause of  the  cyclones.  Then  "he  came  to  Portland, 
and  later  was  in  Vancouver,  where  he  operated  a 
hotel.  Next  he  went  to  Spokane  and  afterward  to 
the  Cceur  d'Alene  country.  He  railroaded  here  and 
started  a  store  half  way  between  Osburn  and  Wal- 
lace, when  the  only  settlers  were  Osburn  in  the  town 
of  Osburn  and  some  prospectors  in  a  shack  in  Wal- 
lace. Mr.  St.  Germain  bought  land  three  miles  be- 
low Osburn  and  for  ten  years  raised  vegetables  and 
packed  to  the  mines.  He  did  also  considerable  con- 
tract work  and  put  the  first  mules  into  the  mines. 
Later  he  sold  out  and  went  to  Black  Bear  and  did  ore 
hauling  by  contract.  Then  he  came  to  Osburn  and 
started  a  mercantile  establishment,  which  he  is  op- 
erating. Mrs.  St.  Germain  gives  her  attention  large- 
ly to  the  operation  of  the  store,  while  her  husband  is 
away  attending  to  contract  work.  He  took  out  ten 
thousand  fence  posts  for  the  O.  R.  &  N.  last  winter 
and  does  much  contracting.  Mr.  St.  Germain  has  a 


property  adjoining  the  Jersey  and  also  several  other 
valuable  properties.  He  also  owns  real  estate  in  Os- 
burn. Mr.  St.  Germain  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters :  Louis,  Roman,  Dennis,  Adolphe,  Hypo- 
lite.  Matilda  Carrow,  Mary  Kerrick. 

On  August  26,  1872,  at  Kankakee,  Illinois,  Mr. 
St.  Germain  married  Miss  Victoria  M.,  daughter  of 
Benoni  and  Melanie  (Bouteiller)  Maynard.  The 
father  came  from  Paris,  where  he  was  born,  and  he 
died  January  22.  1899,  aged  ninety-eight.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Arcadia,  Canada,  and  she  died 
in  Montreal  July  21,  1897.  Mrs.  St.  Germain  was 
born  in  Montreal  July  5,  1854,  and  has  the  following 
named  brothers  and  sisters :  Peter,  Jacob,  David, 
Toel,  Florence,  Trudeau,  Prospere  Lanier,  Doma- 
thilde,  Remillard,  Judith  Maynard,  Lia  Bertrand.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  St.  Germain  have  been  born  four  chil- 
dren— Rosanna,  wife  of  George  Demers,  a  mining 
man  in  Osburn ;  Walter,  Victor  A.,  Arthur  H.  Mr. 
St.  Gerrhain  is  independent  in  politics,  but  his  wife 
is  a  Socialist.  She  is  a  member  of  the  school  board. 


AXEL  E.  HOLM  BERG.  A  popular  and  well 
known  business  man  of  Orofino,  being  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  I.  M.  Anderson  &  Company,  which  does 
a  fine  business  in  general  merchandising,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  is  deserving  of  representation  in 
any  volume  that  purports  to  grant  records  of  the 
loading  men  of  the  county. 

Axel  E.  Holmberg  was  born  in  Sweden  on  March 
5,   1862,  being  the  son  of  Gabriel  G.  and  Ebba  L. 
(Elg)  Holmberg,  natives  of  Sweden,  and  now  living 
in    Saint    Peter,    Minnesota.     The    father  came    to   j 
America   with   his   family   in    1864.     He  filed   on    a  ] 
homestead  near  Saint  Peter  and  remained  on  it  un- 
til  1882,  when  he  took  a  position  of  tailoring  in  the 
State  Hospital  there.     Our  subject  was  reared  and 
educated   in    Saint   Peter,   and   when   twenty   took    a    j 
position    in    the    State   Hospital   as    nurse,    and    then 
clerked  in  the   store-room  of  the  institution.     Later  j 
he  was  salesman  for  Stark  &  Davis  in  Saint  Peter, 
and  also  he  clerked  in  Gibbon  and  Lakefield,  near-by 
towns.      Then    Mr.    Holmberg   entered    into   partner- 
ship with  Ole  A.  Anderson,  as  mentioned  elsewhere 
in   the  volume.     At  present  he  is   conducting  a  fine 
business  in  Orofino  and  is  very  popular  and  influen- 
tial.    He  has    not,  as    his    partner,  taken    forward 
ground  in  political  matters,  but  as  a  substantial  busi- 
ness man  and  associate,  he  is  no  whit  behind  in  gen- 
eral popularity:     Mr.  Holmberg  has  two  brothers  and 
two  sister,  Albert  J.,  a  merchant  in  Saint  Peter ;  Mar-   ; 
tin  A.,   formerly  in  general  merchandise  business  in  .' 
Minnesota,  but  now  visiting  his  brother,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch;   Christena,  wife  of  Louis  Oleson,  in 
Saint  Peter:  Anna,  wife  of  Peter  Adolphson,  a  shoe- 
maker, also  in  Minnesota. 

At  Saint  Peter,  on  May  23,  1886,  Mr.  Holmberg 
married  Miss  Blencla,  daughter  of  Lars  Snygg,  a  na- 
tive of  Sweden,  and  now  a  retired  officer  of  the  army 
in  that  country.  His  wife  was  a  native  of  Sweden 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


117 


and  died  in  1887,  aged  seventy-two.  Mrs.  Holmberg 
was  born  in  Sweden  on  April'  5,  1863.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Holmberg  there  have  been  born  three  children: 
Ebba,  aged  fifteen ;  Mabel,  aged  thirteen ;  Oliver, 
aged  eleven.  Mr.  Holmberg  is  a  member  of  the  Oro- 
fmo  Lodge,  No.  64,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  been 
treasurer  of  the  organization  since  its  inception  here. 
Mr.  Holmberg  is  a  Democrat  and  when  in  Minne- 
sota was  postmaster  of  Kinbrae  for  three  years.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


GILBERT  THORKELSON  is  a  man  of  enter- 
prise and  has  displayed  commendable  energy  and 
industry  in  this  country  and  now  is  the  possessor  of 
some  of  the  valuable  claims  of  the  district.  He  was 
born  in  Itswald,  Norway,  on  January  7,  1846,  the  son 
of  Thorkel  and  Louise  (Gilbrunsen)  Christiansen, 
natives  of  Norway,  where  the  mother  -now  lives.  The 
father  died  when  our  subject  was  seventeen.  Gilbert 
was  trained  in  the  public  schools  of  his  country  and 
remained  there  until  1883,  when  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  located  in  Minnesota.  He  worked  on  the 
farms  there  for  two  years  and  then  went  to  the  woods, 
where  he  spent  some  time  logging.  After  that  he 
came  to  St.  Paul  and  took  up  bridge  work  and  later 
we  find  him  in  Montana.  While  in  that  state  a  coun- 
tryman of  Mr.  Thorkelson  robbed  him  of  one  hundred 
arid  fifty  dollars  in  cash  and  hearing  that  the  thief 
•was  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  he  came  hither  in 
search  of  him.  So  good  were  the  opportunities  here 
and  such  resources  seemed  to  invite  him  that  he  re- 
mained and  has  since  that  date  allied  himself  with  the 
development  of  the  country.  He  has  some  valuable 
claims  and  spends  his  time  in  developing  them.  He 
is  living  on  the  Hopeful  but  is  interested  in  the  Lin- 
coln, the  Bullpen  and  the  Stockman,  Aaron  Noling 
and  Louis  Nelsen  being  his  partners  in  these.  Mr. 
Thorkelson  has  one  brother  and  one  sister, — Thomas 
and  Dora  Tonsegersen.  He  is  still  enjoying  the  free- 
'  dom  of  the  bachelor  and  is  secure  in  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  the  people. 


OLIVER  S.  ROOF  is  a  mining  man  of  Mullan, 
who  has  wrought  with  wisdom  and  enterprise  to 
bring  to  the  front  the  mining  interests  of  this  rich 
district,  many  of  whose  properties  need  but  to  be 
known  to  be  made  leading  producers  by  the  invest- 
ment of  capital.  He  is  a  man  of  intelligence  in  this 
f  line  of  work  and  is  the  possessor  of  some  valuable 
and  promising  properties,  such  as  the  Black  Traveler 
group  of  copper  claims,  six  miles  from  Salte.se,  Mon- 
tana: the  Stillwater  Fraction,  the  Jersey  Miner  and 
a  number  of  other  claims  which  need  but  to  be 
brought  to  the  front  to  be  quickly  taken  up  by  search- 
ers after  wealth  producers. 

Oliver  S.  Roof  was  born  in  New  Jersey  on  July 
25,  1848,  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Huff)  Roof, 
natives  of  New  Jersey.  Our  subject  was  raised  in 


New  Jersey  and  attended  the  public  schools  until  he 
was  sixteen  years  old,  when  he  enlisted,  the  date  be- 
ing the  sixteenth  anniversary  of  his  birth,  in  Com- 
pany D,  Fifteenth  New  Jersey  Volunteer  Infantry, 
under  Captain  James  Cole  and  Colonel  Penroie.  He 
served  the  last  eleven  months  of  the  war  and  was  in 
many  severe  battles,  among  which  may  be  mentioned 
Perry ville,  Winchester,  Fisher  Hill,'  Cedar  Creek, 
Gettysburg;  Yorktown  and  others.  Following  the 
war  he  went  to  various  sections  and  finally  settled  in 
Texas  and  bought  cotton.  Five  years  later  he  went 
to  Michigan  and  visited  with  his  brother  two  years, 
and  in  1881  he  came  to  Waitsburg,  Washington, 
whence  he  came  to  Wardner  in  1885.  He  gave  his 
attention  to  mining  and  prospecting  there  for  two 
years  and  then  transferred  his  headquarters  to  Mul- 
lan, where  we  find  him  at  the  present  time.  Mr.  Roof 
has  been  constantly  interested  in  mining  since  coming 
here,  and  is  well  posted  throughout  the  district.  He 
has  various  interests  in  addition  to  what  has  been 
mentioned  and  is  a  substantial  man  and  a  citizen  of 
good  standing.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Barnet,  Mrs.  Phoebe  Tura,  Mrs.  Nettie 
Ayeres.  Mr.  Roof  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and  A. 
M.  and  in  political  alliance  he  is  with  the  Republicans. 
Mr.  Roof  is  enjoying  the  quiet  pleasures  of  the  bach- 
elor's life,  being  thus  far  satisfied  not  to  embark  on 
the  uncertain  sea  of  matrimony. 


JAMES  LYLE.  Few  men  have  had  a  wider  and 
more  active  life  in  pioneering  and  employments  inci- 
dent to  that  life  than  the- subject  of  this  sketch,  who 
now  is  a  resident  of  Osburn  and  a  leading  man  of  the 
county.  He  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  April  i, 
1851,  and  comes  of  stanch  Scotch  ancestry,  whose  traits 
of  determination  and  substantiality  are  inherited  by  this 
descendant.  His  parents,  John  and  Agnes  (Yeats) 
Lyle,  were  born  in  Lanarkshire  and  Renfrewshire,  re- 
spectively. The  father  died  in  the  parish  of  Eskine. 
Renfrewshire,  Scotland,  in  October,  1902,  aged  seventy- 
eight.  The  mother  lives  there  now.  Our  subject  was 
reared  principally  in  Renfrewshire,  and  was  well  edu- 
cated. He  was  then  apprenticed  to  learn  the  machinist 
trade  and  also  shipbuilding.  When  nineteen,  it  being 
1870,  he  came  to  the  United  States,  just  before  his  ap- 
prenticeship ended.  For  six  months  he  traveled  and  then 
located  in  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  and  for  some  time 
worked  at  his  trade  with  the  Comstock  people.  In 
1874  he  went  to  San  Francisco,  then  went  to  the  south 
Pacific  ocean  and  visited  Australia,  New  Zealand,  Fiji 
islands  and  Sandwich  islands  and  finally  came  back. 
He  mined  in  Butte  county  and  drove  nine  hundred  feet 
of  tunnel  and  then  sold  the  mine,  which  has  since  be- 
come very  valuable.  In  1881  Mr.  Lyle  went  to  the 
Wood  river  country  and  in  1884  came  thence  to  Mur- 
ray, only  to  return  in  a  few  months.  He  made  six 
thousand  dollars  in  one  summer  there  and  then  went 
to  Scotland.  In  January,  1886,  he  came  to  Kentuck, 
now  Wardner,  and  bega'n  to  build  and  contract,  and 
he  doubtless  put  up  more  buildings  in  Wardner  than 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


any  other  one  man.  Mr.  Lyle  owns  many  there  now 
and  rents  them.  He  was  also  in  the  wholesale  liquor 
business  for  eight  years  and  was  a  prominent  man 
politically,  being  road  supervisor,  justice  of  the  peace 
and  county  commissioner,  was  nominated  for  a  second 
term,  but  went  to  Ft.  Steele  at  that  time  and  did  not 
run.  There  he  operated  a  hotel  and  returned  to  this 
country  and  later  was  six  months  in  Portland  and  now 
is  in  Osburn,  whither  he  came  from  Portland.  Mr. 
Lyle  has  some  valuable  property  and  located  the  Snow- 
storm. He  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters,— Will- 
iam. John,  Alexander,  Annie  and  Jessie. 

At  Wardner,  on  November  8,  1892,  Mr.  Lyle  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Elizabeth  J,  Hamilton,  the  daughter  of  Rob- 
ert and  Alinerva  (Kneighton)  Walker.  The  father 
was  born  in  Kentucky,  coming  from  an  old  and  promi- 
nent American  family.  He  died  in  March,  1901.  He 
had  crossed  the  plains  in  1847.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Missouri,  crossed  to  Oregon  in  1847,  where  she 
was  married  and  now  lives  at  Forest  Grove.  Mrs. 
Lyle  was  born  in  Oregon  and  has  four  brothers  and 
one  sister —Robert,  Samuel,  James,  William,  Willissa 
Armentrout.  Mrs.  Ly.le  has  two  children  by  her 
former  marriage,— Charles  and  Ora  Wales.  One 
child,  Agnes,  has  been  born  to  the  present  marriage. 
Mr.  Lyle  had  for  many  years  been  a  prominent  Demo- 
crat, but  is  now  allied  with  the  present  administra- 
tion. He  ran  for  sheriff  in  1900  and  was  defeated  by 
only  one  hundred  and  ninety-six. 


WILLIAM  H.  FARRAR  is  a  typical  pioneer  in 
every  true  sense  of  the  word  and  is  one  of  the  strong 
characters,  whose  labors  and  daring  deeds  have  been 
-  bestowed  and  displayed  all  over  the  west  in  addition 
to  a  brilliant  career  in  the  Civil  war.  He  is  a  man 
who  commands  the  respect  of  all  and  is  secure  in  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  the  entire  country. 

William  H.  Farrar  was  born  in  Fulton, "Callaw ay 
county,  Missouri,  on  February  18,  1843,  the  son  of 
Asa  and  Amanda  (Parker)  Farrar,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky. The  father's  grandfather  fought  for  the  Amer- 
ican cause  in  the  Revolution  and  that  patriot's  son 
helped  whip  the  British  again  in  the  war  Of  1812. 
The  ancestors  settled  in  Boston  among  the  first  col- 
onists, and  the  great-grandfather  of  our  subject  mi- 
grated to  Virginia  and  his  son  accompanied  Boone, 
Callaway,  Howard,  Montgomery  and  other  pioneers 
to  the  wilds  of  Kentucky,  and  there  he  died  in  1789, 
aged  seventy-eight.  The  mother  of  our  subject  de- 
scended from  the  well  known  and  prominent  Parker 
family,  from  whom  Parkersburg,  Virginia,  is  named. 
Her  father  was  Major  Gabriel  Parker,  of  the  Ken- 
tucky militia  that  did  valiant  service  in  the  war  of 
1812.  Her  mother  was  a  Lightel,  which  family  were 
prominent  in  the  Revolution  and  the  war  of  1812. 
She  died  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  in  1880.  Our  subject 
was  reared  in  Kentucky  and  Missouri  until  nineteen, 
and  then  left  the  junior  class  of  Westminster  College 
to  take  a  position  on  the  Gadsden  survey.  For  about 
two  years  he  was  interpreter  and  then  went  to  mining 


in  California.  In  1860  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  in  San  Francisco,  but  when  the  Civil  war 
commenced  he  went  at  once  to  Missouri  and  enlisted 
in  the  Bledsoe  Battery,  under  Price.  He  was  aid  to 
A.  S.  Johnston  and  Beauregard  and  Van  Dorn  and" 
fought  in  the  battles  of  Wilson  Creek,  Carthage,  Cane 
Hill,  Lexington,  Lone  Tack,  Shiloh,  Pea  Ridge  and 
Memphis,  and  was  finally  taken  prisoner  in  1862  and 
paroled  at  St.  Louis.  Then  he  returned  to  California 
and  prospected  and  soon  went  to  Boise  basin.  Next 
we  see  Mr.  Farrar  in  Lewiston  teaching,  being  the 
second  teacher  there.  After  this  he  was  in  Warren 
and  operated  the  first  quartz  mill  there.  The  mill 
was  packed  in  by  mules  and  one  animal  carried  one 
piece,  seven  hundred  pounds,  the  heaviest  load  known 
to  have  been  carried  by  one  animal.  From  this  place 
he  went  to  Douglas  county,  Oregon,  did  merchandis- 
ing at  Canyonville,  taught  school,  farmed  and  bought 
wool.  Later,  in  1871,  he  went  to  Linkville,  Califor- 
nia, and  while  camped  there  the  Modoc  war  broke 
out  and  he  carried  express  for  the  government  for 
nine  months.  In  this  occupation  he  had  five  differ- 
ent skirmishes  with  the  savages,  and  on  one  occasion 
he  had  a  hand-to-hand  encounter  with  one  savage. 
He  was  unarmed,  but  the  Indian  had  a  knife  and  was 
about  to  dispatch  our  subject,  when  he  was  shot  by 
another  express  messenger.  Mr.  Farrar  carries  a 
mark  of  this  encounter  on  one  ear.  While  in  Ari- 
zona interpreting  he  was  wounded  three  times  by  In- 
dian arrows.  Following  the  Indian  war,  Mr.  Farrar 
took  up  assaying  and  mill  operating  again,  being  an 
expert  in  this,  and  followed  it  in  various  places,  and 
in  Utah,  then  in  Wyoming,  then  in  Wood  river  and 
finally  he  came  to  Eagle,  was  in  Thunder  mountain 
two  seasons,  and  in  1888  came  to  Wardner.  He  took 
charge  of  the  Daddy  in  1893  and  also  handled  several 
other  properties  in  Murray.  He  now  has  a  bond  in 
the  Vortex,  Hornet  and  Wasp,  near  Osburn,  but  his 
family  dwells  in  Murray,  where  he  owns  property. 
Mr.  Farrar  has  one  brother,.  Edward,  and  four  sis- 
ters, Emma  Parsons,  Idalette  Kendall,  Jesamine  A., 
Ella. 

In  Oregon,  on  August  6,  1869,  Mr.  Farrar  married 
Martha  Perdue,  a  native  of  that  state,  whose  parents 
crossed  to  it  in  1849.  He  was  married  the  second 
time  on  February  23,  1892,  at  Osburn,  Mrs.  Eliza- 
beth Kelley,  a  native  of  Illinois,  becoming  his  bride. 
By  the  first  marriage  one  child  was  born,  Cora  Sum- 
mers. Mrs.  Farrar  has  the  following  children  by  her 
former  marriage:  Addie  Burton,  Lulu  Pritchard, 
Mina,  Samuel,  Ernest.  Mr.  Farrar  is  a  Democrat, 
but  independent.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  and 
A.  M.,  the  Maccabees,  the  Red  Men,  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  is  prominent  in  fraternal  circles. 


EDWIN  M.  HARTMUS,  who  now  holds  the  po- 
sition of  night  shift  boss  in  the  Hunter  mine,  dwells 
at  Mullan  and  is  a  man  of  capabilities  in  his  line  of 
industry  and  has  wrought  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  coun- 
try for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  born  in  Livings- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ton,  Missouri,  on  December  3,  1868,  the  son  of 
George  B.  and  Nellie  M.  Hartmus.  The  father  was 
born  in  Virginia  and  now  lives  in  Portland,  having 
retired  from  active  business.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject died  at  Salem,  Oregon,  in  1892.  The  family 
came  to  Oregon  when  Edwin  M.  was  a  small  boy, 
and  there  he  was  raised  and  educated,  being  a  pupil 
in  the  Salem  public  schools.  When  sixteen  he  went 
to  work  on  his  father's  farm,  remaining  thus  engaged 
until  the  time  of  his  majority.  Then  he  took  ap  tnin- 
ing  and  followed  it  in  various  places  until  1898,  when 
he  came  to  the  Cceur  d'Alene  country.  lie  was  en- 
gaged at  Wardner  first,  being  in  the  Bunker  Hill  mill 
for  nearly  four  years.  After  the  catastrophe  of  the 
explosion  he  was  shift  boss  for  a  time,  and  it  was  a 
perilous  position.  Following  that  he  came  to  his 
present  position  and  has  remained  here  steadily  since 
that  time.  Mr.  Hartmus  has  one  brother  and  one  sis- 
ter, William  E.,  in  the  office  of  the  Evening  Tele- 
gram at  Portland ;  Mrs.  Alice  I.  Ellis,  residing  at 
Portland. 

On  May  28,  1902,  Mr.  Hartmus  married  Miss 
Lillie  M.,  daughter  of  James  A.  and  Polly  Richards, 
natives  of  England,  who  now  dwell  at  Mehama,  Ore- 
gon, the  place  where  the  wedding  occurred.  Mrs. 

•  Hartmus  has  two  brothers,  James  A.,  John  R.     Mr. 

I.  Hartmus  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  its 
auxiliary,  Degree  of  Honor. 


WILLIAM  M.  CHANDLER  was  born  in  Polk 
county,  Oregon,  on  September  23,  1858,  being  the 
son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Buff)  Chandler.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  Illinois  and  came  overland  with 
oxen  in  1849  to  California  and  thence  to  Rogue  river 
country  in  1855,  where  he  enlisted  in  Oregon  Mounted 
Volunteers,  under  Captain  Abel  George,  to  fight  the 
Indians.  Four  months  at  this  and  then  he  bought 
land  in  Polk  county.  In  1878  he  came  thence  to 
Walla  Walla  and  four  years  later  to  Whitman  county. 
In  the  spring  of  1897  he  came  to  the  reservation 
country,  and  now  lives  on  an  eighty  \vhich  he  filed  on 
at  that  time.  He  has  always  been  a  prominent  Re- 
publican, but  never  sought  office.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Platte  county,  Missouri,  crossed 
the  plains  in  1852  with  ox  teams.  She  married  in 
1857,  in  Polk  county,  Oregon.  Her  father  was  a 
descendant  of  the  Pennsylvania  Dutch  and  his  great- 
grandmother  was  one  of  the  damsels  brought  over  in 
1600  and  traded  for  tobacco,  which  unique  undertak- 
ing furnished  the  material  for  Mary  Johnston's  pop- 
ular novel,  "To  Have  and  to  Hold.""  The  maternal 
grandmother  of  our  subject  was  a  Simpson  and  a 
second  cousin  of  General  Grant  and  Jeff  Davis.  Our 
subject  has  four  brothers  and  five  sisters:  James 
D.,  at  Farmington,  Washington;  Asa  H.  and  Clar- 
ence, in  the  Walla  Walla  valley;  Perry  A.,  in  Nez 
Perces  county;  Henrietta,  wife  of  James  M.  -Sanders, 
of  Orofino,  Idaho ;  Lena,  wife  of  Toseph  \.  Ownbey, 
of  Walla  Walla  valley ;  Ida  M.,  wife  of  J.  B.  Dick- 
son,  in  Nez  Perces  county ;  Mary,  wife  of  J.  F.  Dick- 


son,  also  in  this  county;  Edna,  single,  and  at  home. 
William  was  raised  and  educated  in  Polk  county,  and 
when  nineteen,  in  1877,  came  to  Walla  W'alla."  For 
four  years  he  was  employed  in  riding  the  range, 
ranching  and  teaching  school.  In  1881  he  came  to 
Sprague  and  in  the  real  estate  and  insurance  business, 
handling  an  agency  for  Wells,  Fargo  &  Company,  and 
practicing  in  the  land  office,  he  was  employed  until 
1882.  He  was  deputy  county  auditor  later,  and  from 
1887  to  1889  he  was  probate  judge.  Mr.  Chandler 
also  handled  the  Mail,  a  newspaper,  which  he  after- 
ward sold.  He  was  assistant  chief  clerk  of  the  house 
in  the  first  and  second  sessions  of  the  legislature  in 
Washington  after  it  was  a  state.  He  was  clerk  in  the 
office  of  the  commissioner  of  public  lands  in  Olym- 
pia  for  a  short  time  and  also  was  deputy  in  the  treas- 
urer's office  in  Thurston  county  for  a"  year.  After 
four  years  in  Olympia  he  came  to  Whitman  and 
farmed  near  Sprague.  In  1897  he  came  with  his 
father  and  two  brothers  to  the  reservation  country, 
and  in  1900  he  came  to  his  present  place,  and  is  now 
conducting  a  real  estate  and  insurance  office  in  Oro- 
fino, also  does  a  great  deal  of  practice  before  the  land 
office  and  Department  of  the  Interior. 

On  October  16,  1883,  Mr.  Chandler  married  Miss 
Louisa,  daughter  of  Edwin  and  Sarah  (Phillips) 
Dane,  a  native  of  Oregon.  Her  parents  are  both 
dead.  Her  mother's  parents  were  early  pioneers  to 
Oregon,  coming  in  1850.  Three  children  have  been 
born  to  this  union— Edith,  Edwin  and  Eugene.  Mrs. 
Chandler  was  born  in  Douglas  county,  Oregon,  on 
September  3,  1866.  Mr.  Chandler  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Orofino,  No.  64,  and  is  secretary  and 
district  deputy.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Kamiah 
Encampment,  and  has  been  representative  to  the 
grand  lodge  for  Washington  and  Idaho. 


JOHN  W.  EBY.  This  gentleman  is  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  intelligent  young  farmers  of  the 
southern  Shoshone  country  and  has  displayed  manli- 
ness and  uprightness  in  all  his  ways,  while  he  is  also 
characterized  by  industry  and  thrift. 

John  W.  Eby  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Kan- 
sas, on  May  30,  1870,  being  the  son  of  David  L.  and 
Mary  L.  (Shreeves)  Eby,  natives,  respectively,  of 
Illinois  and  Indiana.  The  father  served  in  the  Civil 
war  and  the  mother  now  lives  near  our  subject.  When  . 
John  was  about  four  the  family  came  to  Wyoming, 
thence  to  the  Rogue  river  region,  in  Oregon,  and 
about  five  years  afterward  they  journeyed  to  Wash- 
ington, where  our  subject  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools.  The  father  worked  there  at  his 
trade.  When  John  was  eighteen  the  family  came  to 
Camas  Prairie,  and  in  1889  the  mother  filed  on  a 
piece  of  land  one  and  one-half  miles  west  from 
Fraser,  a  part  of  which  was  sold  to  our  subject,  and 
this  is  his  family  home  now.  Mr.  Eby  has  six  broth- 
ers, Charles,  Samuel,  Fred,  Jess,  Dallas  and  Ray.  He 
also  has  one  sister,  Etta,  wife  of  Stephen  Reed,  in 
Washington. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  August  7,  1899,  Mr.  Eby  married  Miss  Mary 
S.,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  L.  (Minter)  Stuart. 
Mrs.  Eby  was  born  in  Missouri,  on  September  u, 
1878,  and  she  has  four  brothers  and  four  sisters,  named 
as  follows:  Richard,  farming  near  by;  Homer  C, 
Archie  L.,  Elmer  O.,  Belle  H.,  Clara  F.,  Cora  L., 
Minnie  E.,  all  at  home.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eby,  Myrtle.  Politically  Mr.  Eby  is 
allied  with  the  Socialists  and  is  a  clear  expounder  of 
their  principles. 


ELIAS  E.  HORST,  who  is  one  of  the  enthusiastic 
mining  men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  has  met  with 
good  success  in  securing  some  properties  of  value. 
He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  on  July  20,  1854,  the  son 
of  Samuel  and  Katherine  (Schaeffer)  Horst,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania.  1'he  father  died  in  1859,  tne  mother 
in  1882.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Pennsylvania, 
where  also  he  was  educated  and  when  he  had  reached 
his  majority  he  journeyed  west  through  Iowa;  later 
he  went  to  Minnesota,  then  to  Waitsburg,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  filed  on  a  homestead  and  also  worked  in 
a  flour  mill.  In  1883  he  came  to  Rathdrum  and  the 
next  spring  on  to  Kingston.  From  April  to  August 
of  that  year  he  prospected  on  the  North  Fork  and  the 
winter  was  spent  in  the  flour  mills  of  eastern  Wash- 
ington; then  he  returned  to  Kingston  and  since  that 
time  has  been  giving  his  attention  continuously  to  min- 
ing. He  is  interested  in  some  valuable  properties  on 
the  North  Fork  and  is  president  of  the  Horst  Powell 
Copper  Mining  Company  whose  properties  are  also 
located  on  the  North  Fork ;  they  have  six  hundred  feet 
of  development  work  done  and  showings  that  indicate 
some  very  valuable  property.  Mr.  Horst  owns  one- 
half  interest  in  the  Pine  Creek,  the  Eberta  and  May- 
bird  ;  also  owns  some  mining  property  with  T.  Brown 
and  a  one-half  interest  in  the  Big  Gem,  besides  other 
mining  properties.  Mr.  Horst  has  one  brother,  John 
S.,  and  four  sisters,  Elizabeth  Bittner,  Sarah  Kreider, 
Fanny  Bucher,  Katherine  Bomberger.  Mr.  Horst  is 
fraternally  affiliated  with  the  Eagles  and  the  Foresters 
of  Wallace.  He  is  a  good  solid  Republican  and  has 
been  a  delegate  to  the  county  and  state  conventions ;  his 
name  appeared  on  that  ticket  in  1900  for  representa- 
tive to  the  state  legislature,  but  owing  to  the  defeat 
of  the  party  he  was  not  elected.  Mr.  Horst  is  a  genial, 
capable  and  popular  man  and  he  has  great  prospects  of 
being  very  wealthy  with  his  mining  properties. 


ELIZA  HELLER.  The  energy,  tenacity  and  en- 
terprise manifested  in  a  long  career  of  active  business 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  by  the  subject  of  this 
article  have  placed  her  high  in  the  esteem  of  all  and 
have  given  her  the  excellent  meed  of  a  fine  holding  in 
property. 

Eliza  Heller  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Frankfort- 
on-the-Main.  in  Germany,  on  March  31.  1849,  the 
daughter  of  Johannes  and  Katherine  (Matthies)  Roth, 
natives  of  Germany.  The  father  was  in  the  employ  of 


the  German  government  for  many  years  and  died  i 
1868,  aged  forty-eight.  The  mother  still  lives  in  Chi- 
cago, aged  eighty.  Our  subject  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1867,  lived  in  New  York  three  years  and  then 
married  Frank  J.  Heller  and  came  to-  Chicago.  Mr. 
Heller  did  upholstering  for  a  time  after  the  big  fire 
there  and  then  operated  a  saloon.  The  next  move  wa: 
to  Denver  in  1876,  where  they  lived  for  some  years 
During  this  time  they  conducted  a  hotel  and  also  did 
business  in  Pueblo,  Colorado.  In  Pueblo  he  operated 
the  Turner  opera  house  and  a  large  restaurant.  Then 
they  came  to  Missoula  and  in  the  winter  of  1884  they 
came  to  Eagle,  the  father,  mother  and  four  children, 
the  youngest  being  but  fifteen  months  old.  They 
camped  on  the  summit  in  eighteen  feet  of  snow  and 
drew  their  supplies  on  toboggans.  They  were  the  first 
family  in  Eagle  and  the  little  child  was  called  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Lilly.  For  three  years  they  did  hotel 
business  in  Eagle  and  Murray  and  at  Eagie  they  lost 
much  by  boarders  not  being  able  to  pay  through  the 
failure  of  the  big  Hopkins  deal.  They  came  to  Wal- 
lace, it  being  then  but  a  hamlet  of  half  dozen  houses 
and  Mr.  Seelig  erected  them  a  hotel  building  and  they 
did  well  and  in  July,  1890,  they  were  offered  eighteen 
thousand  dollars  for  it.  but  the  fire  came  on  the  twenty- 
ninth  and  took  everything  but  the  clothes  they  wore. 
Then  they  moved  into  a  cabin  and  Mr.  Heller  and  his 
wife  determined  to  separate,  believing  it  best.  Mrs. 
Heller  was  penniless,  but  she  bravely  took  care  of  her 
little  family  by  washing  and  soon  got  started  in  a 
boarding  house  and  soon  afterward  erected  the  Pacific 
Hotel  and  later  put  up  the  substantial  annex,  where 
she  lives  now.  She  rents  her  property  and  is  retired, 
having  well  earned  the  pleasure  of  that  life  from  her 
extra  industry  and  labors.  She  is  highly  respected  by 
all  and  is  a  capable  and  true  lady.  Mrs.  Heller  has 
two  sisters,  Bertha  Mangier ;  Dora,  who  is  a  graduate 
of  the  college  at  Rockford,  Illinois,  and  a  successful 
educator  of  Los  Angeles,  where  she  has  taught  for 
five  years  in  the  Marlborough  school.  She  is  now  the 
wife" of  Walter  S.  Heinman.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  Mrs.  Heller :  George,  with  White  &  Bender ; 
Frank,  a  mining  man  ;  William,  a  musician,  but  blind 
since  he  was  one  year  old ;  Lilly,  wife  of  John  Curran, 
an  engineer  on  the  Northern  Pacific. 


JOHN  "J.  TILSLEY.  Although  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  at  the  present  time  living  in  the  city  of 
Spokane,  nevertheless  he  is  deeply  interested  in  the 
mining  properties  of  northern  Idaho  and  therefore  he 
should  be  represented  among  the  leading  citizens  and 
enterprising  developers  of  this  favored  region. 

John  H.  Tilsley  was  born  in  Newport,  Kentucky, 
on  January  10,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Cath- 
arine (Fitch)  Tilsley.  When  a  child  he' came  with 
his  parents  to  Central  City,  Nebraska,  and  a  few  years 
later  the  family  went  to  Greeley,  Colorado,  where  John 
finished  his  education,  graduating  from  the  Greeley 
Business  College.  The  father  was  a  carpenter  and 
bridge  builder  and  so  traveled  over  the  country  con- 


ELIAS  E.  HORST. 


MRS.  ELIZA  HELLER. 


JOHN  H.  TILSLEY. 


RICHARD  H.  PASCOE. 


JOHN  C.  FURST. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


siderably  and  in  1887  they  all  came  to  Spokane,  Wash- 
ington. Our  subject  was  soon  installed  as  night  man- 
ager of  the  A.  D.  T.  Company  and  continued  in  it  un- 
ti'l  the  big  fire  in  Spokane.  After  this  dreadful  event 
he  opened  a  grocery  in  a  tent  on  Howard  street,  near 
Spragne  avenue,  and  later  bought  out  the  C.  O.  D.  gro- 
cery on  Riverside,  which  he  operated  in  partnership 
with  A.  M.  Bibbins.  He  continued  in  this  until  1898, 
then  sold  out  and  accepted  a  position  as  deputy  county 
treasurer,  under  A.  L.  Smith,  serving  two  years.  At 
the  expiration  of  this  term  Mr.  Tilsley  took  up  real 
estate  and  mining  and  since  then  has  given  his  undi- 
vided attention  to  this  business  and  has  made  a  good 
success  in  it.  Mr.  Tilsley  has  handled  considerable 
property  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  region  and  is  interested 
there  now.  His  home  is  at  203  Fourth  avenue  and  he 
has  his  offices  at  408  Traders  block.  Mr.  Tilsley  has 
demonstrated  himself  to  be  a  first-class  real  estate  man 
and  a  first-class  promoter  of  mining  properties  and  the 
result  is  that  good  financial  returns  have  been  his  to 
enjoy.  Mr.  Tilsley  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
Oriental  Lodge,  No.  74,  also  of  the  Royal  Arcanum. 

On  October  10.  1895.  Mr.  Tilsley  married  Miss 
Emily,  daughter  of  John  R.  Armstrong,  who  is  at  pres- 
ent dwelling  in  Santa  Monica,  California. 


RICHARD  H.  PASCOE  is  one  of  the  substantial 
and  popular  men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district  and  is 
•A  skilled  artisan  in  his  line  of  endeavor.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  Mr.  Pascoe  is  foreman  of  the  Frisco  mine  at 
Gem  and  in  this  responsible  position  he  has  manifested 
those  qualities  which  inspire  confidence  in  the  owners 
of  the  mine  and  respect  and  esteem  from  every  man 
with  whom  he  has  to  do  and  his  friends  are  numbered 
by  legion  from  every  quarter. 

Richard  H.  Pascoe  was  born  in  Cornwall,  England, 
on  April  17.  1862,  the  son  pf  Edward  and  Emily  (Har- 
vey) Pascoe,  also  natives  of  Cornwall,  where  they  now 
live.  The  father  is  now  retired  and  was  one  of  the 
expert  mining  engineers  whose  services  were  sought 
after  by  the  leading  mine  owners  of  Europe.  His  an- 
cestors were  Cornish  miners  for  generations  back.  The 
mother's  people  were  also  miners  and  her  brother. 
Phillip,  is  foreman  of  the  famous  Batalic  mine  which 
extends  far  under  the  sea.  Our  subject  was  reared 
and  educated  in  Wales  and  Scotland  principally  and 
when  fifteen  went  to  practical  work  in  the  mines  in 
Wales.  In  188?  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  first 
operated  in  the  Pennsylvania  coal  mines.  The  next 
place  was  Leadville.  Colorado,  then  in  Utah,  Cali- 
fornia and  so  forth  he  operated.  He  landed  in  the 
Golden  state  in  180.1  and  was  foreman  of  the  Eureka 
Tellurium  mine  and  also  was  in  several  other  proper- 
ties. He  was  foreman  in  the  Malvina  for  two  and  one- 
half  years,  then  came  to  British  Columbia  contracting 
in  the  War  Eagle,  the  Center  Star  and  was  in  Ross- 
land.  Three  years  were  spent  there  and  in  November, 
1902,  he  came  to  the  Frisco,  accepting  the  position 
which  he  now  occupies.  Mr.  Pascoe  has  one  brother, 
Arthur,  a  miner  in  the  Frisco. 


At  Butte,  Montana,  in  1889,  Mr.  Pascoe  married 
Miss  Edith,  daughter  of  Richard  and  Mary  Hales,  na- 
tives of  England  and  now  deceased.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  this  happy  marriage :  Ina  and  Ka- 
tie, two  bright  and  winsome  girls,  and  Edward,  the 
heir.  Mr.  Pascoe  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
and  is  an  enthusiastic  adherent  of  the  order.  He  is  a 
Republican  but  never  seeks  preferment  in  political  mat- 


JOHN  C.  FURST  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Furst  &  Peterson,  who  do  a  general  saloon  business  in 
Gem.  He  was  born  in  Norway,  October  23,  1857,  the 
son  of  Christopher  and  Anna  (Johnson)  Furst,  natives 
of  Norway.  The  father  died  when  John  was  seven  and 
the  mother  died  in  September,  1902.  Our  subject 
was  educated  and  reared  until  1873  in  his  native  coun- 
try and  then  came  to  the  United  States,  reaching  Den- 
ver, Colorado,  on  June  30,  1876.  The  next  year  he  was 
employed  as  office  boy  in  the  Colorado  Smelting  Com- 
pany's office  at  Black'hawk,  remaining  until  1879.  He 
joined  the  first  rush  to  Leadville  and  mined  there  until 
1882,  when  he  made  his  way  to  Silver  City,  New  Mex- 
ico, upon  the  excitement  of  Burro  mountain.  In  1883 
he  went  to  California,  staging  ninety  miles  through 
Arizona  from  Lordsburg,  New  Mexico.  Upon  his  re- 
turn, his  company  of  five  were  attacked  by  three  hun- 
dred Apaches.  Three  were  killed ;  he  was  wounded  in 
the  leg  and  with  one  other  escaped  in  the  brush.  The 
Indians  rushed  on  and  left  the  mule  team 
plodding  on  in  the  road.  The  same  day  they 
killed  Dr.  McComas  and  wife  and  stole  their 
boy.  After  the  rush,  our  subject  came  out 
of  the  brush  and  he  and  his  partner  caught 
up  with  the  team  and  rode  into  Lordsburg.  This  oc- 
curred near  the  Gila  river.  He  soon  went  thence  to 
Benson.  Arizona,  where  he  was  foreman  of  the  fur- 
naces for  the  Benson  Smelting  Company.  Getting 
poisoned  by  lead,  he  left  there  in  1884  and  spent  some 
time  in  San  Francisco,  whence  he  came  to  Murray, 
stayed  over  night  and  came  to  Garrison,  Montana, 
walking,  as  there  was  no  railroad.  Thence  he  went 
to  Anaconda,  also  afoot,  and  three  months  later  went 
to  Arizona  and  was  employed  by  the  Nogales  Mining 
and  Smelting  Company  as  furnace  foreman.  In  1885 
we  see  Mr.  Furst  in  Leadville,  Denver,  Pueblo,  in  which 
last  place  he  assisted  to  construct  the  Philadelphia 
smelting  works.  On  April  22,  1887,  he  took  part  in 
the  rush  to  Oklahoma  and  later  abandoned  it,  then 
Went  to  old  Mexico  and  later  was  back  in  Arizona  in 
tha  Copper  Queen.  Again  he  returned  to  Colorado 
and  worked  in  the  Ghallager  mine  and  in  1889,  after 
a  long  and  serious  illness/went  to  Pony,  Montana.  He 
mined  there  and  in  Granite,  then  went  to  Helena, 
where  he  was  married  and  six  months  later  went  to 
Elkhorn.  thence  to  Castle  mountain  and  in  1892  we 
find  him  in  Burke.  He  operated  the  pump  in  the  Tiger 
until  February,  1893,  then  came  to  Gem  and  erected  a 
two-story  building  and. in  company  with  Gus  Peterson 
has  conducted  the  business  since.  He  also  has  a  fine 
two-story  business  building  in  Wallace,  and  other 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


property.  Mr.  Furst  has  three  brothers  and  one  sis- 
ter :  Christopher,  Ole,  John,  Annie. 

At  Helena,  Montana,  in  1890,  Mr.  Furst  married 
Ingoborg,  daughter  of  Ole  and  Mary  Roulson,  natives 
of  Norway.  The  parents  live  in  Lead  City,  South  Da- 
kota, retired.  Mrs.  Furst  is  a  native  of  Norway  and 
has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters:  Jacob,  Rudolph, 
Ole,  Christena  Christenson,  Lena  Peterson.  Three 
children  have  been  born  to  this  union :  Edward,  aged 
twelve;  Charles  A.,  aged  ten;  Mabel  O.,  aged  eight. 
Mr.  Furst  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the 
encampment.  He  always  takes  an  active  and  prominent 
part  in  the  affairs  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  since  he  first 
joined  in  Wallace  m  1893.  He  is  a  Republican. 

Mr.  Furst  is  president  of  the  Great  Eastern  mines 
and  the  property  is  one  of  the  promising  ones  of  the 
district.  He  also  is  interested  in  many  others,  especially 
the  Rockford  group  which  joins  the  Bunker  Hill  on 
the  east. 


RALPH  R.  JAMESON,  who  is  at  present  hold- 
ing the  important  position  of  assayer  for  the  Hunter 
mine  is  a  native  of  Idaho,  being  born  April  I,  1877, 
in  Latah  county,  near  Garfield,  Washington.  His 
parents  are  Lorenzo  D.  and  Lucinda  (Ray)  Jameson, 
who  dwell  in  Moscow  at  this  time.  The  father  is  a 
native  of  Missouri  and  his  father  was  born  in  Ken- 
lucky.  Lorenzo  D.  Jameson  came  across  the  plains 
in  1877  with  mule  teams  and  located  in  Latah  county, 
and  has  been  a  resident  of  that  place  since.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Arkansas.  Ralph 
R.  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  as  regards  his 
primary  training  and  then  attended  the  graded 
schools  and  finally  completed  a  course  in  the  Stz 
University  at  Moscow,  graduating  in 
ately  upon  receiving  his  degree  he 
Tennessee,  and  accepted  a  position 
town  Copper,  Sulphur  and  Iron  Gc 
ant  chemist.  He  remained  in  that  capacity  for  som 
time,  and  on  August  28,  1900,  he  accepted  his  preser 
position,  and  has  continued  here  since  that  time. 


1900. 


Immedi- 
Tsabella. 
:h   the   Duck- 


ANDERSON  W.  NUCKOLS,  familiarly  known 
as  Judge  Nuckols,  is  one  of  the  best  known  old  timers 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  is  entitled  to  repre- 
sentation in  any  work  that  has  to  do  with  the  leading 
men  of  the  district.  He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  Janu- 
ary 15,  1834,  the  son  of  Milo  C.  and  Louisa  "(Short- 
ridge)  Nuckols,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father 
was  born  in  1806  and  died  in  Texas  in  1882.  He  was 
descended  from  a  prominent  Virginia  family  and  was 
a  successful  man.  The  mother  was  born  in  1811  and 
now  lives  in  Texas.  Our  subject  came  to  Missouri 
with  the  family  when  young  and  there  was  reared  and 
educated.  When  fourteen  he  engaged  as  salesman 
and  continued  until  he  was  twenty-five.  He  came  to 
California  then,  mined  and  followed  merchandising 
for  eight  years.  Next  we  see  him  in  the  Fraser  river 
region,  in  1862,  packing  and  selling  goods.  He  re- 


turned to  San  Francisco  and  came  on  to  Montana  and 
mined,  then  was  bookkeeper  for  the  C.  P.  when  build- 
ing. He  was  clerk  of  court  in  Elko,  Nevada,  after 
which  he  did  mining  in  various  sections  and  was  ac- 
countant for  several  large  firms.  In  the  fall  of  1888 
he  came  to  his  present  location  near  Osburn  and  took 
a  squatter's  right  and  has  since  proved  up.  He  has 
devoted  himself  to  producing  the  fruits  of  the  field 
for  the  mining  country  and  has  done  well.  Mr. 
Nuckols  is  school  director  and  justice  of  the  peace 
and  has  always  shown  marked  uprightness  and  effi- 
ciency. He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity 
and  has  been  for  forty-five  years.  He  has  attained 
to  the  fourteenth  degree,  Scottish  Rite.  Mr.  Nuckols 
has  four  brothers,  William  L.,  Milo  C.,  Jr.;  George 
W.,  Samuel. 

On  November  19,  1891,  Mr.  Nuckols  married 
Emma  Mouza.  at  Osburn.  She  was  born  in  Texas, 
January  22,  1859.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  Lou- 
isiana, 'and  he  was  killed  in  a  battle  of  the  Civil  war. 
Mrs.  Nuckols  has  one  sister,  Sarah  Parish.  Mr. 
Nuckols  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  been  for  years,  but 
is  always  in  voting  on  the  side  of  the  issue  which  is, 
in  his  judgment,  for  the  best  of  the  country. 


CHARLES  L.  EBY.  The  enterprising  young 
man,  of  whom  we  have  now  the  privilege  of  speaking, 
is  one  of  the  nctive  workers  in  the  lines  of  improve- 
ment in  southern  Shoshone  county  and  dwells  on  his 
farm,  about  four  miles  west  from  Fraser,  where  he 
pays  especial  attention  to  raising  vegetables  and  hogs. 
In  addition  to  this  labor  Mr.  Eby  owns  a  one-half  in- 
terest in  the  only  threshing  outfit  on  the  Weippe,  Mr. 
Thurman  being  his  partner. 

Charles  L.  Eby  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Kan- 
sas, in  March,  1877,  being  the  son  of  David  L.  and 
Mary  L.  (Shreeves)  Eby.  When  our  subject  was 
seven  the  family  came  to  the  Yakima  country,  and 
for  ten  years  raised  horses,  the  father  also  doing  car- 
penter work.  Charles  was  there  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  in  1887  came  with  the  balance  of  the 
family  to  Camas  Prairie.  One  year  later  they  came 
to  the  Weippe  region  and  our  subject  secured  his 
1  .resent  place.  He  has  sold  portions  of  the  farm  and 
retains  about  sixty  acres,  which,  as  said  before,  is 
devoted  largely  to  vegetables.  He  is  one  of  the  pros- 
perous men  of  his  section  and  is  the  recipient  of  the 
esteem  and  confidence  of  all.  Politically,  Mr.  Eby  is 
allied  with  the  Republicans  and  is  able  to  give  a 
reason  for  his  politics. 

On  July  25,  1892,  Mr.  Eby  married  Miss  Cor- 
delia, daughter  of  William  and  Christena  (Stump) 
Knepper,  natives  of  Indiana.  The  father  died  on  No- 
vember 3,  iSoc;,  and  the  mother  is  now  the  wife  of 
Ed  Thurman.  Mrs.  Eby  has  three  brothers  and  one 
sister,  Samuel  W.,  John,  Jesse  W.,  Luella,  wife  of 
William  Morgan,  in  Adams  county,  Washington. 

When  our  subject's  father  left  Yakima  he  had  one 
hundred  and  thirty  head  of  fine  horses,  but  they  lost 
about  two-thirds  of  them.  Mr.  David  L.  Eby  was  in 
the  Civil  war. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Eby— Ella  U.,  Ethel  A.,  Jesse  L.  and  Charles  Ar- 
nold. 


HENRY  BILLBERG,  of  the  firm  of  Billberg  & 
Thennis,  who  are  owners  and  operators  of  the  Palace 
saloon,  is  well  known  in  Mullan,  and  has  been  and 
is  still  interested  in   various  mining  properties.     He 
was  born  in  Sweden  on  January  22,  1857,  the  son  of 
Oloff  and  Christine   (Nystrom)    Billberg,  natives  of 
Sweden,  and  died  in  May,  1902,  and  in  1895,  respect- 
ively.    Our -subject  came  to  the  United  States  in  the 
irly  eighties  and  located  in  Murray  county,  Minne- 
sota, on  July  4,  1882.     Two  months  were  spent  on  a 
farm  and  then  he  logged  in  Minnesota  and  Wiscon- 
:n  until  the  spring  of  1890,  when  he  came  to  Mon- 
ina  and   there   was   engaged   for  three  years,   being 
<ith  the  Big  Blackfoot  Milling  Company.     Then  he 
was  in  Anaconda  and  thence  he  came  to  Mullan  and 
took  up  his  present  business.     He  has  two  brothers 
and  one  sister,  Peter,   John,  Christine  Wilson. 

In  1899  Mr.  Billberg  married  Miss  Delia  McGraw/ 
whose  parents  are  deceased.  She  was  born  in  Ire- 
land and  came  to  this  country  when  a  child.  One 
child,  Oliver  E.,  has  been  born  to  this  union.  Mr. 
Billberg  is  a  member  of  the  Foresters  of  America, 
of  the  Red  Men,  of  the  Eagles  and  of  the  Scandina- 
n  Brotherhood.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  1896 
s  a  delegate  to  the  state  convention.  Mrs.  Bill- 
berg is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church,  while  her 
husband  is  an  adherent  of  the  Lutheran  church.  Mr. 
Billberg  is  interested  in  the  Snowstorm  mining  prop- 
erty and  the  Missoula  Copper  Mining  Company  and 
also  in  several  other  properties,  and  is  active  in  this 
line  and  labors  for  the  advancement  and  development 
of  the  country. 


CLINTON  E.  PERKINS  is  one  of  the  leading, 
most  aggressive  and  enterprising  men  of  southern 
Shoshonc  county,  being  possessed  of  excellent  ability 
and  executive  force,  while  his  wisdom  and  thrift  are 
apparent  in  all  of  his  ways.  We  append,  with  pleas- 
ure, an  epitome  of  his  career. 

Clinton  E.  Perkins  was  born  in  McHenry  county, 
Illinois,  on  November  27,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Ed- 
ward and  Jeanette  (Atwell)  Perkins,  natives  of  Ver- 
mont, and  now  dwelling  in  Nebraska.  The  paternal 
ancestors  came  from  Scotland  and  the  maternal  an- 
cestors dwelt  in  Vermont  for  seven  generations,  many 
of  them  being  in  the  war  of  1812.  Our  subject  was 
reared  in  Illinois  until  he  was  fifteen  and  also  there 
secured  his  education.  At  the  age  mentioned  he 
started 'in  life  for  himself,  and  soon  we  see  him  in 
South  Dakota,  whence  he  traveled  to  Minnesota,  Wis- 
consin and  Nebraska,  employed  variously.  In  the 
latter  state,  however,  he  took  a  pre-emption  and  later 
sold,  coming,  in  1888,  to  Washington.  A  few  months 
were  spent  in  that  state  and  Mr.  Perkins  made  his 
way  to  his  present  place,  two  miles  northwest  from 
Fraser,  taking  a  homestead.  To  this  he  has  added 


until  he  now  has  a  farm  of  four  hundred  acres,  con- 
sisting of  both  timber,  grain  and  hay  land.  Mr.  Per- 
kins devotes  considerable  attention  to  raising  stock 
and  also  to  producing  vegetables  for  the  markets. 
Mr.  Perkins  has  one  brother  and  three  sisters,  Daniel, 
a  farmer  in  Nebraska;  Addie,  wife  of  Fred  Keltz,  a 
farmer  in  Nebraska;  Josie,  wife  of  Charles  Wood- 
worth,  a  farmer  in  Illinois;  Lois,  wife  of  Elmer 
Adams,  a  Nebraska  farmer.  Fraternally,  our  subject 
is  allied  with  the  K.  of  P  at  Kendrick  and  in  politics 
he  is  a  Republican. 

In  December,  1887,  Mr.  Perkins  married  Miss 
Margaret,  daughter  of  George  Barrow,  mentioned  in 
this  ^volume.  She  was  born  in  Iowa  in  August,  1869, 
and 'died  October  16,  1895,  being  the  mother  of  three 
children,  Leon,  Leslie  and  Lloyd.  On  January  9, 
1897.  Mr.  Perkins  contracted  a  second  marriage, 
Rhoda  A.  Wilson  becoming  his  bride  at  that  time. 
Her  father,  William  P.  Wilson,  is  mentioned  else- 
where in  this  volume,  as  also  are  her  brothers  and 
sisters.  To  this  union  there  have  been  born  two 'chil- 
dren, Holland  and  Lois.  Mrs.  Perkins  is  a  member 
of  the  Christian  church. 


FLOYD  M.  PRICHARD  is  one  of  the  substan- 
tial and  industrious  men  of  Osburn,  whose  labors 
have  since  the  early  days  of  Eagle  been  bestowed 
wisely  here  in  the  development  of  the  Cueur  d'Alene 
country,  and  who  is  now  owner  and  operator  of  a 
saw  mill  and  interested  in  several  mining  properties 
of  great  value.  He  was  born  in  Iowa,  March  17, 
1859,  the  son  of  John  R.  and  Isabella  J.  (Fannon) 
Prichard.  His  mother  died  in  1874  and  he  lost  track 
of  the  balance  of  the  family.  He  was  raised  and  edu- 
cated by  an  uncle  in  Decorah,  and  when  not  in  school 
was  busied  in  his  uncle's  store.  When  eighteen  he 
went  to  work  for  himself,  and  later  went"  to  Sioux 
Falls,  South  Dakota.  After  this  he  was  in  the  famous 
Black  Hills,  and  three  years  later  went  thence  to 
Miles  City,  Montana,  and  was  there  and  in  various 
adjacent  camps  and  in  Livingston  until  1884,  when 
he  pulled  a  toboggan  over  the  Evolution  trail  into 
Eagle.  This  was  in  February,  and  he  and  Doc  1 'helps, 
now  deceased,  started  the  Beef  camp,  when-  thcv  sold 
meals  and  whisky  and  donated  beds,  the  floor  and  pine 
boughs,  to  the  weary  prospector  and  did  well.  In  the 
spring  they  split  up  and  Doc  Phelps  took  the  Jackass 
trail  out  and  our  subject  went  to  prospecting,  but  had 
poor  success,  then  carne  to  Canyon  creek  and  took  a 
claim  adjoining  the  Frisco.  He  sold  his  interest  later 
for  a  small  sum  and  it  is  now  very  valuable.  Since 
then  he  has  devoted  himself  to  prospecting  and  con- 
tract work  in  the  mines  and  saw  milling  and  is  now 
continuing  the  same.  He  is  interested  with  Doc  Far- 
rar  in  the  Hornet  and  Wasp  properties  and  has  some- 
thing valuable.  Mr.  Prichard  has  one  brother,  Henry. 

In  February,  1892,  in  Osburn,  Mr.  Prichard  mar- 
ried Miss  Lulu,  daughter  of  Harrison  and  Elizabeth 
(Slayton)  Sisk.  Mrs.  Prichard  was  born  January  14, 
1876,  in  Illinois.  To  this  marriage  there  have  been 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


born  two  girls,  Ethel  B.,  aged  nine,  and  Annie  L., 
aged  six.  Mr.  Prichard  is  a  Republican  and  a  strong 
supporter  of  the  present  administration. 


AUGUST  CARLSON  is  one  of  the  good,  sub- 
stantial citizens  of  Wallace,  whose  labors  have  been 
rewarded  as  honest  industry  and  sagacity  should  be, 
with  prosperity  in  business,  and  he  is  now  handling  a 
fine  patronage.  He  was  born  in  Sweden  on  May  29, 
1868,  the  son  of  Carl  and  Stena  (Benson)  Palson, 
natives  of  the  same  country,  where  they  are  now 
dwelling,  prominent  and  well-to-do  people.  Our  sub- 
ject was  well  educated  and  worked  on  the  father's 
farm  and  in  his  brother's  grocery.  In  1880  he  came 
to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  Sioux  Falls,  Da- 
kota. Later  we  see  him  in  Utah,  then  in  Missoula, 
where  he  did  saw  mill  work  off  and  on  for  five  years. 
In  1896  he  came  to  Wallace  and  opened  a  saloon  on 
Sixth  street.  Shortly  he  closed  this  and  went  to 
Rossland  and  operated  a  hotel.  Returning  to  Wal- 
lace, he  opened  a  boarding  house  in  Mullan,  and  then 
the  next  year,  with  his  brother-in-law,  bought  the 
Western  House  and  business.  Afterward  he  sold 
this  property  and  bought  the  adjoining  property  and 
started  a  saloon  in  a  building  he  erected.  He  leased 
the  Western  Hotel,  'and  is  now  operating  it.  In  July, 
1901,  Mr.  Carlson  leased  the  Albemarle  lodging 
house,  known  as  the  White  House,  and  is  handling 
that  with  his  hotel.  He  is  doing  a  fine  business  and 
is  also  interested  heavily  in  mines.  He  owns  stock  in 
the  Nine  Mile  and  other  Stevens  Peak  properties  and 
has  interests  in  several  other  camps.  Mr.  Carlson  has 
four  brothers,  John,  Swan,  Peter  and  Andover,  and 
one  sister,  Hannah. 

At  Rossland,  on  December  27,  1898,  Mr.  Carlson 
married  Miss  Celia  Johnson,  whose  parents  are  na- 
tives of  Sweden,  and  live  there  now,  being  wealthy 
and  prominent.  Mrs.  Carlson  was  born  in  Sweden 
and  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters,  Samuel,  Emil, 
Augusta  Anderson  and  one  sister  in  Sweden.  To  this 
marriage  three  children  have  been  born,  Jennie,  Delmer 
and  Theodore.  Mr!  Carlson  is  a  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  of  the  Red  Men  and  of  the  Scandinavian 
Brotherhood.  He  is  independent  in  political  matters 
and  is  a  progressive  and  enterprising  man. 


PETER  YOUNG  is  one  of  the  intelligent  and 
progressive  citizens  of  the  vicinity  of  Fraser,  and  has 
demonstrated  himself  to  be  a  stanch  and  upright 
man,  capable  and  possessed  of  a  high  sense  of  honor, 
and  he  has  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all.  It  is 
with  pleasure  that  we  detail  his  career  for  the  history 
of  his  county. 

Peter  Young  was  born  in  Jackson  county,  Illinois, 
on  March  23,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Joseph  C.  and 
Elizabeth  (Pugh)  Young,  natives  of  Ohio,  as  were 
also  the  paternal  grandsire  and  maternal  grand- 
mother of  our  subject.  The  other  grandparents  were 


in  Pennsylvania.  Peter's  father  served  in  the 
Civil  war,  near  the  close.  He  was  born  in  1823  and 
died  in  Pleasant  Grove,  Utah,  in  1880.  He  was  a 
carpenter.  The  mother  of  our  subject  died  in  June, 
1901,  in  Colville,  Washington.  Our  subject  was 
reared  in  Illinois  until  he  was  fourteen,  attended 
school  there  and  for  four  years  afterward.  The  fam- 
ily came  to  Utah  when  he  was  fourteen  and  he  mined 
and  worked  in  saw  mills.  When  twenty-two  he  went 
to  Idaho,  what  is  now  Custer  county,  and  mined 
and  wrought  in  the  saw  mills  for  two  years.  Later 
lie  returned  to  Utah,  and  again  came  to  Idaho,  work- 
ing in  a  quartz  mill  the  last  time.  Then  he  went  to 
Arkansas,  his  mother  accompanying  him,  and  there 
he  fanned  for  eight  years.  Then  he  farmed  in  Mis- 
souri for  one  year,  whence  he  came  to  his  present 
place,  about  two  and  one-half  miles  northwest  from 
Fraser.  He  owns  forty  acres,  which  he  secured  under 
homestead  right,  and  he  devotes  himself  to  market 
gardening,  doing  a  thriving  business.  Mr.  Young 
has  a  fine  piece  of  land  and  the  location  is  a  healthful 
one.  His  products  are  readily  sold  at  a  good  price 
in  Pierce.  Mr.  Young  has  three  brothers  and  one  sis- 
ter, Leroy  and  Friend,  both  in  Utah ;  Eugene,  in  Cal- 
ifornia;  Rachel,  wife  of  John  B.  Fenn,  in  Colville, 
Washington.  Politically,  Mr.  Young  is  allied  with 
the  Democrats  and  is  a  powerful  expounder  of  his 
party  principles  and  has  a  good  reputation  as  a  de- 
ikillful  in  forensic  oratorv. 


party  princi 
bate'r,  being 


GEORGE  C.  BARROW.  We  are  pleased  to 
mention  in  the  history  of  Shoshone  county  the  genial 
and  pleasant  gentleman  who  is  named  at  the  head  of 
this  sketch,  and  who,  with  his  faithful  and  good  help- 
meet, has  journeyed  on  the  course  of  life  for  many 
years,  making  many  friends  and  doing  a  world  of 
good  in  their  pilgrimage. 

George  C.  Barrow  was  born  in  Tazewell  county, 
Illinois,  on  June  12,  1844,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Sarah  (Cullom)  Barrow,  natives  of  South  Carolina 
and  Ohio,  respectively.  The  father's  ancestors  were 
of  English  extraction  and  he  died  on  February  28, 
1876,  having  served  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  mother 
died  when  our  subject  was  fifteen  months  of  age  and 
he  was  raised  by  an  older  sister,  who  kept  house  for 
her  father.  In  1849  the  family  came  to  southern 
Iowa,  Monroe  county,  where  our  subject  was  edu- 
cated in  the  district  school  and  grew  to  be  nineteen 
years  of  age,  when  he  started  out  for  himself,  taking 
up  farm  work.  He  remained  there  until  1882,  and 
after  his  marriage  he  lived  on  the  old  homestead,  and 
his  father  was  with  him.  In  1882  Mr.  Harrow  came  ! 
west  to  Nebraska,  and  five  years  later,  having  taken 
and  sold  a  pre-emption,  he  came  thence  to  Washing- 
ton. He  soon  found  land  in  Idaho  that  suited  him 
and  he  filed  on  his  present  place,  three  miles  north- 
west from  Fraser,  where  the  family  home  has  been 
since.  Mr.  Barrow  has  devoted  himself  in  these  years 
to  general  farming  and  raising  stock  and  has  been  an 
industrious  and  thrifty  man.  As  the  golden  time  of 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


125 


life  is  at  hand,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barrow  are  entitled  to 
the  snug  property  that  their  united  labors  have  se- 
.  cured,  and  it  is  pleasant  to  note  the  especial  esteem 
and  good  will  manifested  to  them  by  all.  Mr.  Bar- 
row has  one  brother,  Luther  H.,  in 'Andrew  county, 
Missouri :  he  also  has  one  sister,  Eliza  Dorothy,  in 
Holt  county,  Nebraska. 

On  February  7,  1864,  Mr.  Barrow  married  Miss 
Margaret  H.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Margaret 
(Way)  Dorothy,  natives  of  Illinois  and  Indiana,  re- 
spectively. The  paternal  grandparents  of  Mrs.  Bar- 
row were  natives  of  Kentucky  and  her  mother's  par- 
ents were  born  in  North  Carolina.  Mrs.  Barrow  has 
six  brothers  and  three  sisters,  Elias,  in  Holt  county, 
Nebraska;  William,  Enoch  and  Henry,  in  Ottumwa, 
Iowa;  Robert,  in  Klickitat  county,  Washington;  Gip- 
son,  in  Fraser;  Mary,  wife  of  Lather  H.  Barrow, 
a  brother  of  our  subject;  Semyra;  wife  of  Mar- 
tin Wintermote,  in  Holt  county,  Nebraska;  Le- 
vina,  wife  of  Jacob  R.  Dale,  in  Ottumwa,  Iowa.  Wil- 
liam and  Henry  were  in  the  Civil  war,  the  former 
three  years  and  the  latter  one  hundred  days.  To  our 
worthy  couple  there  have  been  born  ten  children — 
Sarah  F.,  wife  of  Fleming  Smith ;  Mary  A,  Effie  A., 
Dora  E.,  wife  of  John  Gaffney ;  Maria  J.,  Arlie  and 
Emmett,  at  home:  Charles,  born  January  10,  1880, 
and  died  February  10,  1883 ;  Eva  A.,  born  March  27, 
1882,  and  died  March  27,  1884;  Marquist  E.,  born 
August  IQ,  1869,  ancl  died  October  26,  1894. 


WILLIAM  P.  WILSON.  An  active  and  relia- 
ble citizen  of  southern  Shoshone  county,  who  has  done 
a  commendable  work  in  upbuilding  the  country  and 
securing  for  himself  a  first  class  holding  in  property — 
such  is  the  subject  of  this  article  and  it  is  with  pleasure 
that  we  accord  to  him  space  in  the  history  of  his  county. 

William  P.  Wilson  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  March  9. 
1846,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Rhoda  P.  (Phinney) 
Wilson.  William  was  reared  in  Iowa  and  attended 
district  school  and  when  twenty-one  rented  land  near 
his  father's.  Two  years  later  he  married  and  contin- 
ued the  farming.  Later  he  bought  land  in  Butler 
county  and  farmed  there  for  six  years.  Then  Mr. 
Wilson  was  called  to  pass  through  the  sad  trial  of  the 
death  of  his  wife  and  he  returned  to  his  father's  home 
with  his  little  ones.  Then  he  took  up  the  livery  busi- 
ness in  Cedar  Falls,  with  three  partners,  continuing 
this  for  four  years.  He  then  went  to  LaPorte  and 
started  a  liverv  alone.  Two  years  later  he  went  to 
Kansas  and  took  land  which  he  relinquished  as  the 
deal  was  unsuccessful.  Then  one  winter  was  spent  in 
Boise  and  he  came  thence  to  Fraser  and  filed  on  his 
present  home  place  about  September,  1899.  This  place 
is  about  one  mile  northwest  from  Fraser  and  is  well 
improved  and  Mr.  Wilson  handles  considerable  stock. 
On  August  16,  1900,  Mr.  Wilson  opened  a  hotel  in 
Greer  and  in  July,  1901,  he  moved  into  a  nice  two-story 
building  which  lie  had  erected  and  here  he  did  business 
until  October  7,  1902,  when  he  sold  the  entire  property 
and  came  back  to  his  farm,  where  we  find  him  now. 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson  are  devout  and  faithful  members 
of  the  Christian  church.  Politically,  he  is  a  prohibi- 
tionist and  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  and  school 
trustee,  where  he  rendered  excellent  service.  Mr.  Wil- 
son married  Sarah  Hodges,  a  native  of  Indiana  and  she 
died  leaving  three  children,  Milton  S.,  farming;  Rhoda 
A.  Perkins ;  Thomas  G.,  farmer,  all  living  near. 

On  July  8,  1882,  in  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  Mr.  Wilson 
married  Miss  Dell,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Mary  L. 
(Busick)  Geren,  natives  of  Indiana.  The  father  went 
to  Iowa  from  Indiana  with  ox  teams  when  the  country 
was  sparsely  settled  and  a  few  years  later  returned  to 
Indiana,  whence  twenty  years  afterward  he  went  again 
to  Iowa,  where  he  now  lives,  a  retired  farmer.  The 
mother  of  Mrs.  Wilson  died  in  May,  1894,  aged  sixty- 
four.  Mrs.  Wilson  has  two  brothers  living,  Joseph,  a 
merchant  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Edward,  a  farmer  in 
Milton,  Kansas.  Six  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wilson,  Ray,  Ernest,  Mabel,  Edith,  Rosie, 
and  Lena.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson  are  exemplary  peo- 
ple and  enjoy  in  generous  measure  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  all  who  may  have  the  pleasure  of  their  ac- 
quaintance. 


CHARLES  H.  WILLIAMS,  who  is  well  known  all 
through  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  is  now  deputy 
sheriff  and  resides  at  Mullan.  He  was  born  in  Schuy- 
ler  county,  Missouri,  on  February  19,  1850.  the  son  of 
Nathan  and  Lucy  (Wheeler)  Williams,*  natives  re- 
spectively of  Pennsylvania  and  Massachusetts.  The 
father  came  from  Welsh  ancestrage,  was  a  farmer  and 
mechanic  and  died  on  February  21,  1865.  The  mother 
died  in  Iowa  on  November  27,  1873.  Our  subject 
was  raised  in  his  birthplace  and  attended  school  until 
the  bushwhackers  burned  all  the  school  houses.  When 
fourteen,  he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Forty-second  Mis- 
souri Infantry  under  captain  T.  S.  Franklin  and  Colo- 
nel Forbes.  His  father  was  captain  of  the  home  guards 
company  and  resigned  to  accompany  his  son,  but  six 
months  later  he  was  taken  sick  and  died  in  the  hospi- 
tal. Charles  H.  continued  in  the  war  until  its  close  and 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Nashville  and  many  skir- 
mishes, being  under  General  Thomas  in  pursuit  of 
bushwhackers  much  of  the  time.  Being  honorably  dis- 
charged he  returned  home  and  the  family  then  re- 
moved to  Boone  county,  Iowa,  where  he  remained  until 
the  Black  Hills  excitement,  having  attended  school  in 
the  meantime.  He  was  one  year  in  the  Black  Hills,  then 
returned  to  Iowa  and  remained  until  the  spring  of 
1896,  when  he  came  to  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  He 
contracted  with  the  Morning  mine  to  furnish  timbers 
for  the  Morning  mine  and  continued  in  this  industry 
until  the  Bunker  Hill  was  blown  up  and  then  he  went 
to  Montana  for  a  year  with  cattle.  He  returned  to 
Mullan  in  1900,  and  in  December  of  that  year  he  Was 
appointed  deputy  sheriff  under  Angus  Sutherland. 
This  was  at  a  time  when  anarchy  ruled  in  the  country 
and  for  many  months  he  led  a  life  of  constant  peril. 
His  fearless  conscientious  work  like  that  of  his  super- 
ior is  now  a  matter  of  record.  Mr.  Williams  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister,  Lawson  H.,  Mrs.  Hattie  Reese. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  Williams  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  the 
Good  Templars. 

In  February,  1884,  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  Mr.  Will- 
iams married  Miss  Susan  C,  daughter  of  J.  W.  and 
Maria  Alley,  natives  of  Indiana  and  Iowa,  in  which  lat- 
ter place  they  now  dwell.  The  father  served  in  the 
Eighteenth  Indiana  during  the  entire  Civil  war  and  was 
wounded  in  the  shoulder  at  the  battle  of  Winchester, 
which  wound  never  healed.  Mrs.  Williams'  maternal 
grandfather,  Mr.  King,  served  through  the  war,  came 
home  sick  and  died  soon  after.  Mrs.  Williams  was 
born  in  Iowa.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  this 
marriage,  Ralph  E.,  aged  seventeen ;  Katie  C.,  aged 
thirteen ;  Mabel,  aged  ten.  Mrs.  Williams  died  March 
18,  1903,  and  her  remains  were  taken  to  her  old  home 
in  Iowa  for  interment. 

During  the  Tracy  hunt,  Mr.  Williams  was  engaged 
in  the  same  with  deputy  Dick  Adams,  who  has  since 
been  killed  by  accident  in  the  Bunker  Hill  mill.  Mr. 
Williams  is  interested  in  the  Copper  King  property,  be- 
ing director  and  he  has  also  mining  interests  in  addi- 
tion to  this. 


WILLIAM  T.  HALES  is  known  by  everyone  in 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  •  country  as  one  of  the  foremost 
men  in  developing  the  country  and  bringing  to  the  front 
properties  of  value.  He  has  been  eminently  successful 
in  raising  capital  to  develop  many  different  properties 
and  his  energy,  skill  and  keen  discrimination  both  in 
business  matters  and  in  the  art  of  mining  and  metal- 
lurgy are  being  rewarded  by  unbounded  success,  which 
is  fully  deserved  by  him. 

William  T.  Hales  was  born  in  Ohio,  on  December  15, 
1854,  the  son  of  Benjamin  and  Camillia  (Chase)  Hales, 
natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  came  from  English  an- 
cestry who  settled  in  the  Muskingum  valley  in  1792, 
and  he  followed  architectural  work  and  bridge  building 
till  his  death  in  1893,  being  aged  ninety.  The  mother 
died  when  William  was  small.  He  struck  out  into  the 

"  world  when  nine,  went  down  the  river  in  a  steamer  and 
made  his  way  to  St.  Joseph.  Missouri.  He  fell  in  with 
good  friends,  went  on  to  Omaha.  Salt  Lake  City,  Reno 
and  finally  to  Virginia  City  and  worked  on  the  Corn- 
stock.  He  did  a  butcher  business  there  with  Mark 
Strouse,  deceased,  and  in  1869  went  to  San  Francisco, 
thence  to  Seattle,  did  sawmilling  in  old  Tacoma  and  on 
February  16,  1870,  shipped  on  the  Shikely  before  the 
mast  to  San  Francisco.  Arriving  in  that  port,  he  quit 
the  sea.  He  was  so  active  in  the  following  years  that 

-  we  can  but  touch  upon  the  salient  points  of  his  career. 
He  did  meat  business  in  various  places  and  finally 
went  to  Virginia  City  and  bought  the  business  of  his 
old  employer  in  1876" and  continued  it  till  1883.  After 
this  he  operated  a  hotel  in  Mocloc  county.  He  had  been 
interested  in  six  placer  claims  which  he  sold  for  five 
thousand  dollars,  which  are  now  worth  two  millions. 
Mr.  Hales  went  to  Big  Hole  basin  in  Montana,  then 
to  Reno,  bonded  and  worked  properties  in  Humboldt 
county,  Nevada,  then  did  a  butcher  business  in  Sprague, 
Washington,  and  finally  in  1890,  he  came  to 
Wardner.  He  took  a  bond  on  the  Silver  King  and 


after  two  years  when  about  ready  to  place  it  on  the 
market  the  troubles  of  1893  thwarted  't.  He  leased  the 
Sierra  Nevada  from  1894  to  1898,  then  leased  a  prop- 
erty from  the  Bunker  Hill  people  and  in  1899  went  to 
Wallace.  He  located  some  claims  and  took  a  lease  on 
the  Panhandle,  organized  a  company  and  sold  the  fol- 
lowing spring.  He  organized  another  company  and 
bought  the  Kill  Buck,  named  from  a  buck  being  shot 
and  uncovering  ore  in  his  fall.  This  was  sold  to  the 
Clapps  of  Butte  for  thirty  thousand.  Then  he  bond- 
ed the  Charles  Dickens  mine  and  sold  it  to  John  M. 
Patterson  of  Pittsburg.  Then  Mr.  Hales  bought  a  St. 
Joe  placer  property  and  went  to  Pittsburg  and  organ- 
ized a  company  and  sold  for  one  hundred  thousand,  re- 
taining five  hundred  thousand  shares.  This  property 
will  be  operated  in  the  spring.  Next  this  enterpris- 
ing promoter  bought  the  Denver  &  Rock  Island  prop- 
erties in  February,  1902.  Mr.  Hales  has  recently  been 
in  Pittsburg-  financing  the  company  and  in  the  spring 
this  property  will  also  be  put  on  the  producing  list.  He 
is  also  interested  in  several  other  properties  in  the  dis- 
trict and  he  is  one  of  the  leading  mining  men  of  the 
northwest.  He  has  one  brother,  John,  and  two  sis- 
ters, Sarah  and  Margaret. 

At  Colusa,  on  October  7,  1877,  Mr.  Hales  married 
Miss  Carrie  C.,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Adelia 
(Howe)  Corbiere,  natives  of  Vermont  and  New  York, 
respectively.  The  father  lives  now  in  Yuba,  Califor- 
nia, and  his  father  fought  in  the  war  of  1812  and  had 
been  previously  a  soldier  under  Napoleon  in  France. 
The  mother  of  Mrs.  Hales  died  in  California  on  Sep- 
tember 6,  1896.  Mrs.  Hales  was  born  in  Colusa  county 
on  August  14,  r86o,  and  she  has  two  brothers,  Charles 
C.,  William  H.,  and  two  sisters,  Hattie  Mraclen  and  Mary 
Ingle.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hales,  William  E.  and  Mabel  C.,  both  students  in  Mos- 
cow university.  Mr.  Hales  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  and  is  a  staunch  Republican.  Mrs.  Hales  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  church  and  they  are  both  very 
popular  and  capable  people. 


WELLINGTON  LANDON.  This  venerable  and 
well  known  gentleman  is  one  of  the  typical  pioneers 
whose  skill,  courage,  and  tenacity  have  piloted  the  way 
for  civilization  into  the  western  parts  of  the  country 
and.  to  whom  this  section  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  be- 
cause of  these  worthy  labors.  A  detailed  account  of 
his  life  will  be  a  fitting  part  of  the  history  of  Shoshone 
county  and  we  gladly  append  the  same. 

Wellington  Landon  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
Ogdensburg,  New  York,  being  also  near  the  border 
of  Canada,  October  26,  1830,  the  son  of  Solomon  and 
Kate  (Fields)  Landon,  natives  of  New  York.  The  pa- 
ternal grandfather  of  our  subject  was  General  Landon, 
who  was  killed  in  a  battle  on  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  river  in  the  Revolution  and  a  fine  monu- 
ment was  erected  to  his  memory  at  the  point  of  the 
battle.  The  maternal  uncles  of  our  subject  were  in 
the  war  of  1812.  Mr.  Landon's  father  died  when  this 
son  was  fifteen  and  the  mother  soon  after.  Wellington 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


then  started  out  for  himself  and  was  soon  in  Ohio  and 
there  went  at  the  lightning:  rod  business,  which  he  fol- 
lowed successfully  all  over  the  east.  His  home  was  in 
Pennsylvania  most  of  this  time.  He  also  learned  loco- 
motive engineering-  and  followed  his 'trade  as  he  came 
west  and  soon  we  see  him  in  Colorado  mining  and 
operating  a  butcher  shop.  Then  he  mined  in  Montana 
for  about  five  years  and  also  mined  in  Elk  City  and  in 
the  Pierce  district.  In  1875  he  took  a  claim  and  built 
improvements  but  the  Indians  in  the  war  of  1877 
burned  all  and  killed  his  stock.  He  and  others  were 
scouting  and  at  one  time  were  concealed  while  the  red- 
skins passed,  then  they  joined  General  Howard's  de- 
tachment in  pursuit  and  our  subject  was  field  cook. 
Mr.  Landon  has  since  sold  all  of  his  claim  but  forty 
acres,  much  being  platted  for  the  town  site.  He  has 
a  hotel  and  feed  barn  now  in  operation  and  also  handles 
a  saloon  business.  Mr.  Landon  is  very  popular  and 
stands  well  with  all  classes  and  is  one  of  the  real  pio- 
neers of  the  west.  He  has  always  been  independent  in 
political  matters  and  also  has. never  seen  fit  to  launch 
a  craft  on  the  sea  of  matrimony.  The  courage  and  in- 
trepidity of  Mr.  Landon  is  seen  in  an  occurence  in 
Colorado.  Some  Mexican  bandits  were  murdering 
miners,  and  holding  up  the  stages,  while  they  stripped 
their  victims  and  left  their  naked  bodies  lying  on  the 
ground.  Nineteen  were  thus  killed  in  four  months  and 
the  United  States  had  sent  a  guard  of  twenty-five  armed 
men  to  attend  each  stage.  Air.  Landon  organized  a 
squad  and  went  after  the  bandits  and  killed  one  and 
the  other  escaped  to  Mexico  where  he  was  later  shot. 
In  this  fray,  Mr.  Landon  had  a  bullet  put  through  his 
drinking  cup  and  the  fight  was  sharp  and  hot. 


CHARLES  M.  JOHNSON,  because  of  his  energy, 
ability  and  skill  in  his  endeavors,  should  be  classed 
among  the  leading  mining  men  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
district  and  his  incessant  and  wisely  bestowed  labors 
have  done  much  for  the  development  of  the  country 
and  are  bringing  to  the  front  some  valuable  properties. 
He  is  a  man  of  substantial  qualities  and  has  won  friends 

and  confidence  of  the  people. 

Charles  M.  Johnson  was  born  in  Ohio  on  May  29, 
1846,  the  son  of  Alexander  and  Amelia  (Patton) 
Johnson.  The  father  was  born  in  Ohio  and  lives  there 
now,  aged  eighty-three.  He  served  in  the  Civil  war, 
Company  L  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-second  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  enlisting  about  the  middle  and 
serving  on  through  till  the  end.  He  comes  from  a 
prominent  Virginia  family.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Virginia  and  also  came  from  a  leading  American 
family.  She  died  in  December,  1901,  aged  eighty-two. 
Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  place,  received 
his  education  there  and  remained  on  the  farm  until 
1864,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  same  company  with  his 
father  and  served  until  the  conflict  ended.  He  re- 
turned home  and  remained  until  1868  and  then  went 
to  Iowa  and  fanned  until  1871,  when  he  came  to  San 
Francisco  and  then  on  to  Portland,  where  he  remained 


until  1886.  For  nine  of  those  years  he  followed  dairy- 
ing and  in  1887  he  came  into  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
and  here  he  has  bestowed  his  labors  since.  He  at 
once  commenced  to  prospect  and  he  has  continued  more 
or  less  at  it  since  that  time  and  now  is  associated  with 
J.  A.  Kaufman,  Hugh  Ross,  and  George  Champagne 
in  several  very  valuable  properties.  They  are  especially 
active  at  this  time  in  developing  the  Lucky  Gem  group 
which  adjoins  the  Sixteen  to  One.  Our  subject  is 
director  of  this  property  and  is  also  heavily  interested 
in  the  Treasure  Vault  group.  Both  of  these  are  valu- 
able properties  and  in  addition  to  them  Mr.  Johnson 
owns  interests  in  many  others.  He  has  two  brothers, 
William  and  Sherman,  and  two  sisters,  Mary  Cher- 
rington,  Emma  Burnsides. 

On  October  14,  1896,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Johnson  mar- 
ried Mrs.Sarah  Utely,  a  native  of  Rome,  New  York, 
and  daughter  of  James  and  Angeline  (Morrell) 
Buck,  both  natives  of  Rome  also.  The  father  was  a 
prominent  foundry  man  there  and  died  September  27, 
1876.  The  mother's  ancestors  were  natives  of  that 
place  for  some  generations  preceding  and  she  died 
October  15.  1896.  Mrs.  Johnson  has  one  son  by  her 

home  is  in  Wallace.  She'has  one  brother,  Fred  M., 
and  three  sisters,  Fanny  Lewis,  Etta  Jones,  and  Mary 
L.  Mr.  Johnson  is  independent  in  political  matters 
and  is  a  substantial  man. 


JOSEPH  N.  LARSON.  The  tireless  energy,  con- 
stant thrift  and  keen  judgment  of  our  subject  have 
given  him  the  meed  of  a  goodly  possession  of  property 
and  he  is  considered  one  of  the  most  substantial  men  in 
southern  Shoshone  county. 

Joseph  N.  Larson  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  Decem- 
ber 25,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Lars  and  Mary  G. 
(Johnson)  Larson,  natives  of  Sweden.  The  father  died 
there  on  July  5,  1901,  aged  seventy-six,  but  the  mother 
still  lives  there.  Joseph  was  raised  in  his  native  place 
and  educated  in  the  public  schools.  When  twenty,  he 
came  to  the  United  States  and  for  a  number  of  years 

ious  labors.  A  short  time  was  spent  in  New  York, 
then  he  came  to  South  Dakota  and  farmed  and  dug 
artesian  wells  for  nine  months.  Then  came  a  time  in 
the  logging  camps  in  Wisconsin,  then  he  visited  the 
Sioux  reservation  in  Dakota,  then  St.  Paul  and  Min- 
neapolis and  later  Butte,  Montana,  whence  he  came  to 
Coulee  City  and  the  big  bend  country.  He  was  in 
Spokane,  off  and  on  for  three  or  four  years,  then  in 
Moscow  and  surrounding  towns  and  later  mined  in 
the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  Mr.  Larson  also  took  a  grading 
itract  on  the  Northern  Pacific  at  Sandpoint  and 
finally  in  1892,  he  came  to  his  present  place,  four  miles 
south  from  Weippe.  Here  he  filed  on  a  quarter  and  has 
rlded  by  purchase  until  he  has  nearly  five  hundred 
:res  of  Valuable  land.  .Mr.  Larson  clevot.  " 


He 


has  from  fifty  to  o 
hogs  and  plenty 


ndred  cattle,  a  goodly  number  of 
rses.     Mr.  Larson  is  prospered 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


.  . 

wife  of  Peter  Peterson. 
ied  with  the  Republicans 


in  his  labors  because  of  his  industry  and  wisdom  and 
is  developing  the  country  in  excellent  manner.     Mr. 
Larson  has  one  sister,  Mary, 
Politically,  our  subject  is  alli 
but  is  no  politician. 

At  Spokane,  on  May  31,  1897,  Mr.  Larson  married 
Miss  Hannah  M.,  daughter  of  Joel  Anderson,  who  is 
living  in  Sweden,  where  he  has  operated  a  stage  line 
mail  route  for  over  thirty-three  years.  Mrs.  Larson  is 
a  native  of  Sweden  and'was  born  in  December,  1869. 
She  has  three  brothers  and  three  sisters,  Charles  and 
Louis  in  Spokane  ;  Verner,  in  Sweden  ;  Eles,  married  ; 
Teckla  and  Christine,  both  single  and  both  in  Sw,eden. 
The  latter  is  teaching  school.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs."  Lar- 
son there  have  been  born  three  children,  Eric  H.,-  Frank 
J.,  and  Charles  A. 


THOMAS  WILSON.  Three  miles  southeast  from 
Weippe  dwells  the  subject  of  this  review  and  he  is  a 
man  whose  labors  have  established  him  as  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  substantial  men  of  this  section,  while 
also  his  estimable  wife  has  been  a  worthy  helpmeet  in 
the  affairs  of  life. 

Thomas  Wilson  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  May  2,  1850, 
being  the  son  of  Tohn  and  Rhoda  A.  (Phinney)  Wil- 
son, natives  of  Illinois.  The  father  lives  in  Blackhawk 
county,  Iowa,  and  will  be  eighty  years  old  on  December 
25,  1903.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  in  Iowa. 
The  mother  died  in  1882.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
-  Blackhawk  county  and  attended  school  until  he  was 
twenty  and  then  labored  with  his  father  for  three 
years,  after  which  he  rented  land  and  then  bought  a 
forty.  About  1885  he  went  to  Nebraska  and  for  eight- 
een month  he  tilled  the  soil  there  and  in  1887  he  made 
his  way  to  Boise.  After  a  short  stay  there  he  came  to 
Shoshone  county  and  bought  the  relinquishment  of  the 
place  where  he  now  lives  and  which  has  been  the  family 
home  since  that  time.  He  does  general  farming,  han- 
dles stock,  having-  about  twenty  cattle  and  a  good 
bunch  of  hogs.  Mr.  Wilson  has  three  brothers  and 
three  sisters,  Seth  and  John,  farmers  in  Iowa;  Will- 
iam P.  near  Eraser,  Sarah,  a  widow  in  Iowa  ;  Rhoda  J., 
wife  of  Harrison  Crawford;  Maria,  wife  of  Frank 
Carroll,  ail  in  Iowa.  Politically,  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  man 
who  reserves  for  his  own  thought  the  questions  to  be 
decided  and  is  not  bound  by  the  tenets  of  any  party. 

At  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  on  September  15,  1872,  Mr. 
Wilson  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Deloss  and 
Harriet  Jordan,  natives  of  New  York.  The  father  died 
September,  1886,  aged  seventy-eight.  The  mother  died 
at  Cedar  Falls,  in  1898.  They  were  among  the  very 
first  settlers  in  Blackhawk  county,  coming  in  1852. 
Mrs.  Wilson  was  born  in  Ohio,  January  10,  1851,  and 
she  has  two  brothers.  Henry,  in  Cedar  Falls,  and  Mi- 
chael, in  Waterloo,  Iowa.  Five  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson,  named  as  follows :  Joel, 
residing  near  his  father ;  Leroy,  also  residing  near  by ; 
Lawrence  and  Harvey  S.,  both  at  home  ;  Lillian,  wife  of 
William  Teed  also  living  near.  Lawrence  is  only  fif- 
teen and  has  been  operating  on  the  violin  for  a  number 
of  years,  having  gained  all  his  skill  without  receiving 


a  lesson.  In  fact,  he  learned  to  tune  the  instrument 
with  no  assistance.-  He  is  deserving  of  especial  oppor- 
tunity to  develop  this  talent.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
have  labored  faithfully  and  are  "highly  respected  people. 
Mrs.  Wilson  is  a  great  sufferer  from  rheumatism. 
They  are  good  substantial  people  and  are  entirely  wor- 
thy of  the  confidence  and  good  will  which  is  gener- 
ously bestowed  upon  them. 


HON.  OLE  A.  ANDERSON.  A  more  genial, 
gentlemanly  and  capable  business  man  is  not  to  be 
found  in  Shoshone  county  than  the  subject  of  this  arti- 
cle. At  present  he  is  partner  in  the  well  known  firm 
of  I.  M.  Anderson  &  Company,  general  merchants  of 
Orofino,  and  who  handle  one  of  the  largest  businesses 
in  their  line  in  this  section.  They  have  a  fine  store  filled 
with  a  seven-thousand-dollar  stock  of  well  selected 
merchandise  and  their  patrons  are  numbered  from  e 
cry  quarter  and  are  constantly  increasing.  A  detailed 
account  of  the  career  of  this  gentleman  will  be  accept- 
able to  the  readers  of  the  county  history. 

Ole  A.  Anderson  was  born  in  Sweden,  on  January 
31,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  Nelson  and  Chris- 
tena  (Person)  Anderson,  natives  of  Sweden.  They 
died  in  1874,  aged  fifty-eight,  and  1882,  aged  fifty-nine, 
respectively.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  native 
land  and  came  to  the  broader  fields  of  the  United  States 
in  1861,  locating  first  at  St.  Peter,  Minnesota,  where  he 
clerked  and  then  rented  land  for  three  years,  after 
which  he  bought  land.  In  1892  he  went  into  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  A.  E.  Holmberg,  one  of  the  present  firm, 
and  did  a  general  merchandise  business  in  Minnesota. 
Three  years  later  the  firm  sold  out  and  went  into  the 
real  estate  business.  Three  years  later,  Mr.  Ander- 
son and  Mr.  Holmberg  came  west  and  in  August,  1899, 
they  started  in  their  present  business  in  Orofino.  He 
is  also  interested  in  a  saw  mill,  and  in  mining.  Mr. 
Anderson  has  one  brother  and  four  sisters,  Nels  Holm, 
in  Minnesota;  Elna,  wife  of  Andrew  Nelson,  in  Swe- 
den; Malena,  wife  of  John  N.  Lindstrom,  in  Sweden; 
Annie,  wife  of  Mr.  Christiansen,  in  St.  Poul ;  Bet- 
tie,  wife  of  Charles  Smith,  in  Montana.  Mr.  Ander- 
son is  a  member  of  the  T.  O.  O.  F.,  Orofino  Lodge  No. 
64,  and  he  is  past  noble  grand,  and  a  popular  associate 
in  the  lodge.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A., 
Orofino  Lodge  No.  7810,  and  is  past  venerable  consul. 

On  July  19,  1890,  in  Minnesota,  Mr.  Anderson  mar- 
ried Miss  Ingred  M.,  daughter  of  Solomon  Johnson 
and  Christina  Solomonson.  natives  of  Sweden.  The 
father  is  a  business  man  in  Minnesota  and  one  of  the 
heavy  property  owners  in  his  section.  The  mother 
died  in  Minnesota  in  1892.  Mrs.  Anderson  was  born 
in  Sweden  on  October  10,  1866.  She  has  four  brothers, 
August  Solomonson,  proprietor  and  editor  of  a  news- 
paper in  Twin  Valley,  Minnesota;  Carl,  preacher  in  the 
Lutheran  church  in  Longford,  South  Dakota ;  Herman, 
a  commercial  traveler  in  Hawley,  Minnesota ;  Peter,  a 
traveling  man  in  Minnesota.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to'  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anderson, .  Hulda  J.  C,  and 
Arthur  W.  Our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  are 
faithful  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 


HON.  OLE  A.  ANDERSON. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Mr.  Anderson  is  a  true  and  tried  Republican  and 
a  man  of  intelligence  in  the  matters  pertaining  to  the 
grave  issues  of  the  day  in  government  and  commercial 
relations.  At  the  last  election  his  name  appeared  on 
the  Republican  ticket  for  representative  of  his  county 
in  the  state  legislature  and  with  an  overwhelming  ma 
jority,  he  was  shown  the  feeling  of  the  people  regard- 
ing both  himself  personally  and  his  ability.  He  went 
far  ahead  of  his  ticket  and  his  majority  was  five  hun- 
dred and  seventy-two.  This  is  a  signal  victory  and 
even  a  conservative  estimate  of  the  matter  would  de- 
cide that  Mr.  Anderson  is  entirely  worthy  of  it  all, 
being  a  man  of  integrity,  keenness,  capability  and  ex- 
ecutive force. 


E.  ALBERT  MASSING,  of  the  firm  of  Anderson 
&  Massing,  is  well  known  in  Mullan  where  he  is  in 
business,  handling  a  saloon  in  connection  with  his  part- 
•  ner,  they  being  proprietors  of  the  same.  He  was  born 
in  Sweden  on  October  8,  1869,  the  son  of  Errick  and 
Hannah  (Larson)  Massing,  natives  of  Sweden,  where 
the  father  died  when  our  subject  was  two  years  old 
and  the  mother  still  lives.  Albert  was  educated  and 
learned  the  art  of  mining  in  his  native  land  and  then 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1894.  He  mined  in  Michi- 
gan until  1897  and  then  came  to  Mullan  where  he  has 
been  since.  He  was  a  miner  in  the  Morning  until  the 
spring  of  1900,  when  he  entered  partnership  with  Mr. 
Anderson  and  they  have  been  in  business  here  since. 
They  are  interested  in  several  promising  mining  pro- 
perties and  our  subject  is  secretary  of  the  Iron  Crown 
company.  He  also  has  stock  in  several  others.  He  -is 
a  member  of  the  Redmen,  of  the  Scandinavian  Brother- 
hood, and  of  the  Miners  Union.  Mr.  Massing  has  one 
brother  in  the  United  States,  Bengt,  and  one  in  Swe- 
den, Carl  E.  He  has  two  sisters  in  this'country,  Mrs. 
Johanna  Freedstrand,  and  Mrs.  Matilda  Oleson  and 
one  sister  in  Sweden,  Maria. 

In  Mullan.  in  the  fall  of  1897,  Mr.  Massing  married 
Miss  Hilda  Love,  who  came  to  the  United  States  with 
her  parents  when  she  was  an  infant.  She  has  one 
brother,  John,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Annie  Larson. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  couple,  Edith  and 
Elmer,  aged  four  and  two  respectively. 


FRANCIS  MARION  ROSE  is  the  efficient  deputy 
sheriff  and  jailer  of  Shoshone  county  at  the  present 
time  and  for  a  number  of  years  he  has  filled  this  posi- 
tion with  general  satisfaction  and  has  manifested  a  re- 
liability that  has  commended  him  to  all.  He  was  born 
in  Carter  county,  Kentucky,  on  October  22,  1859,  the 
son  of  Jesse  and  Sarah  ( Gibert)  Rose,  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky, also.  The  father  died  in  1864  and  the  mother 
now  dwells  in  Oklahoma  with  her  son,  Henry.  Our 
subject  was  reared  in  Kentucky  until  twelve  and  then 
went  to  Illinois  with  his  mother  and  stepfather,  John 
Price,  a  native  of  England.  Frank  M.  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  in  the  early  eighties  went  to 
Rawlins,  Wyoming,  where  he  was  hotel  clerk  for  a  time 


and  in  1885  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills.  He  was  in. 
the  saloon  business  there  until  1888,  when  he  came  to 
Burke  and  in  1890  to  Wallace.  In  1892  he  was  ap- 
pointed deputy  sheriff  and  one  year  later  he  went  on  the 
Wallace  police  force  and  was  city  marshal  until  1898. 
Then  came  a  year  of  prospecting  and  in  the  spring  of 
1899  he  was  appointed  deputy  sheriff,  holding  the  po- 
sition two  terms  under  Sutherland  and  now  under 
Manly.  Mr.  Rose  has  three  brothers,  Henry,  William, 
James,  living,  and  three,  Thomas,  Jesse,  John  and  one 
sister  Malasia,  deceased. 

On  May  11,  1887,  at  Rapid  City,  South  Dakota,  Mr. 
Rose  married  Miss  Josephine  Anderson,  a  native  of 
Sweden.  The  father  dwells  in  Nebraska  and  the  moth- 
er died  when  this  daughter  was  young.  Mrs.  Rose  has 
two  sisters,  Emily  Buffman,  Zelma  Fruit,  and  one  half 
sister,  Hannah,  and  one  half  brother,  Henry.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rose :  Anna  M. 
born  October  16,  1895,  and  Carl  E.,  born  April  7,  1898. 
Mr.  Rose  is  interested  in  several  mining  properties  and 
has  considerable  real  estate  in  Wallace,  Mrs.  Rose  has 
a  valuable  farm  near  Lincoln,  Nebraska.  Mr.  Rose  is 
a  member  of  the  Elks  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mrs.  Rose 
is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church  while  Mr.  Rose 
was  brought  up  in  the  Baptist  faith.  He  is  a  solid 
Republican  and  active  in  the  campaigns.  His  brothers, 
Henry  and  Thomas,  served  three  years  in  the  Union 
army. 


COL.  STEWARD  FULLER,  one  of  the  best 
known  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  is 
now  a  mining  man  of  Wallace.  He  was  a  veritable 
leader  in  all  forward  enterprises  in  the  days  of  Murray 
and  did  his  share  to  develop  the  country. 

Steward  Fuller  was  born  in  Canadaigua,  Ontario 
county.  New  York,  on  June  9,  1838,  the  son  of  Eli- 
phalet  and  Louisa  (Williams)  Fuller,  born  on  the  Mo- 
hawk in  1800  and  1797,  respectively.  Three  brothers 
came  across  in  the  Mayflower  and  from  them  descended 
the  strong  Fuller  family,  which  has  been  prominent 
in  commercial  and  professional  lines  since,  having  able 
representatives  in  the  leading  professions  of  the  coun- 
try. John  K.,  a  noted  divine,  was  one  of  the  brothers 
and  the  line  from  which  Col.  Steward  comes.  The 
family  was  foremost  in  all  the  American  struggles  and 
were  noble  patriots.  The  father  died  in  Wisconsin  in 
1866  and  the  mother  died  in  1856.  She  came  from 
Welsh  ancestry  direct  for  two  hundred  years.  The 
family  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1848  and  Steward  was 
with  them.  There  he  received  a  liberal  education  and 
also  assisted  his  father  in  the  hotel  business.  In  1862 
he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  First  Wisconsin  Light  Bat- 
tery, and  served  much  of  the  time  in  detached  action, 
being  in  the  force  that  repelled  Early's  attack  on  Wash- 
ington. He  was  under  steady  fire  for  forty-eight  hours. 
He  was  mustered  out  at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  in  1865, 
and  came  to  Detroit  and  entered  commercial  relations, 
then  settled  in  Council  Bluffs,  handling  a  wholesale 
liquor  business  until  1871.  Then  he  operated  a  hotel 
in  Alta  City,  Utah,  until  1878,  when  the  property 
burned  Next  we  see  Mr.  Fuller  in  Idaho  Falls  in  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


wholesale  liquor  business,  then  in  Missoula,  and  in  the 
rush  for  Eagle  City  he  was  on  the  crest.  He  operated 
as  a  leader  in  many  lines  there  until  1889  when,  he  came 
1o  Wallace,  opened  a  wholesale  liquor  house  and  also 
did  mining.  In  1890  his  liquor  house  was  sacrificed 
in  the  big  fire  and  then  he  built  the  well  known  Fuller 
House  in  Wallace.  This  he  continued  to  operate  until 
1900,  when  he  leased  it  and  gave  his  entire  time  to  the 
operation  of  the  Headlight,  a  promising  mining  prop- 
erty in  which  Col.  Fuller  is  heavily  interested  and  is 
mnaging.  Mr.  Fuller  has  the  following  named 
brothers  and  sisters :  George  D. ;  Albion ;  Charlotte ; 
John  J.,  sergeant  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Wisconsin  Infan- 
try, who  was  severely  wounded  in  front  of  Petersburg, 
which  resulted  in  his 'death  ;  Elephalet ;  Guy  W.,  captain 
of  Company  A,  Sixteenth  Michigan  Infantry,  who  was 
killed  by  Mcsby's  guerrillas  in  October,  1864,  and  was 
buried  by  the  Masons  in  Baraboo,  Wisconsin,  being  a 
son-in-law  to  Judge  McWait  of  that  city;  Elijah,  cap- 
tain in  the  Third  Michigan  Infantry. 

Oo  December  15,  1871,  at  Calhoun,  Nebraska,  Mr. 
Fuller  married  Miss  Margaret  A.,  daughter  of  Jesse 
and  Sarah  (Arnold)  Murphy.  Mr.  Murphy  was  born 
in  Connecticut  and  died  in  Omaha,  in  1897,  aged 
eighty.  His  father  was  a  patriot  in  the  Revolution. 
He  lived"  near  Bull  Run  at  the  time  of  that  awful  bat- 
tle and  later  he  was  incarcerated  in  Libby  prison  as  a 
sympathizer  with  the  Union  and  for  eighteen  months 
he  suffered  the  anguish  of  that  horrible  pen.  The 
mother  of  Mrs.  Fuller  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and 
now  lives  in  Eugene,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Fuller  was  born 
in  New  Jersey,  January  n,  1840.  The  following  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  this  union  :  Warrick  G.,  Edith 
L.,  both  deceased,  Reuben  J.,  Steward  E.,  Jesse,  Ethel, 
deceased  Mr.  Fuller  is  a  Republican  and  is  always 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  country  and  has  been 
a  Republican  since  the  days  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  He 
has  been  councilman  in  the  town,  but  the  colonel  is 
never  desirous  of  preferment  in  this  line. 


E.  HOWARD  DULMAGE.  The  fact  that  Mr. 
Dulmage  conceived  the  idea  and  executed  the  project 
of  connecting  Pierce  and  Orofino  and  Greer  by  tele- 
phone demonstrates  that  he  is  a  man  of  keen  foresight, 
business  discrimination  and  practical  judgment.  The 
enterprise  has  been  a  success  in  every  pint  of,  view  and 
it  is  owing  to  the  keeness  of  Mr.  Dulmage  and  his  exe- 
cutive force  that  it  has  been  put  in  position  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  mining  districts. 

Howard  Dulmage  was  born  in  Clifford,"  Ontario, 
on  June  9,  1878,  being  the  son  of  Robert  W.  and  Mary 
aiulcaster)  Dulmage.  The  father  was  born  in  Can- 
ada as  was  his  father,  and  the  grandfather  of  Robert 
W.  went  to  Canada  from  Pennsylvania  in  1812.  Our 
subject's  father  is  a  leading  merchant  in  Northwest 
Territory,  Canada.  The  mother  of  Howard  was  a 
native  of  England  and  came  to  Canada  with  her  parents 
who  are  dead.  She  married  in  Canada  and  lives  with 
her  husband  in  Northwest  Territory.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  excellent  schools  of  Ontario,  finishing 


in  the  high  school.  He,  then  entered  a  pharmacy  but 
not  liking  the  business  he  came  to  Minneapolis  when  he 
was  eighteen.  Taking  a  course  in  a  Minnesota  school 
of  business,  he  then  entered  the  accounting  department 
of  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  railroad  at  Minneapolis. 
Two  years  later  he  took  the  position  of  agent  on  that 
line  at  Luverne,  Iowa,  then  was  stationed  at  Badger  and 
later  was  operator  and  relief  agent  for  the  Northern 
Pacific.  In  January,  1902,  he  was  stationed  at  Greer 
as  agent  and  in  July  of  that  year,  he  resigned  to  put  in 
the  telephone  mentioned  above  and  which  connects  with 
the  Pacific  States  line  at  Greer.  In  addition  to  hand- 
ling this  business,  Mr.  Dulmage  is  conducting  a  fruit 
and  confectionery  store,  in  which  he  is  doing  a  good 
business.  Mr.  Dulmage  has  one  brother  and  one  sister, 
the  former  in  the  college  of  pharmacy  in  Toronto,  while 
the  latter  is  Esther,  wife  of  Robert  B.  Ferguson,  in  the 
office  of  the  Delaware  and  Lackawana  railroad  in  New 
York. 

On  November  14,  1900,  Mr.  Dulmage  married  Miss 
Florence,  daughter  of'  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  ( Bur- 
goyne)  Hawke,  natives  of  England.  Mrs.  Dulmage 
was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  on  November  15, 
1878,  and  she  has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters: 
Thomas,  a  butcher;  Louise  H..  wife  of  Harry  Lock- 
wood,  a  butcher ;  Mary,  wife  of  Albion  Aulker ;  Susan, 
wife  of  Harry  Mattieson,  a  policeman :  Katherine, 
wife  of  Thomas  Lynes,  a  florist ;  all  the  above  are  in 
Minneapolis ;  Laura,  single  and  residing  in  England. 


FREDERICK  P.  PORTER,  the  efficient  and  sub- 
stantial master  mechanic  in  the  Bunker  Hill,  is  de- 
scended from  the  well  known  Porter  family  of  New 
England,  whose  prominence  in  the  affairs  of  the  coun- 

'  becoming  and  deserved.  He  was  born  in  Strong, 
'4,  the  son  of -Arthur  J.  and 
lives  of  Maine,  where  they 
s  a  manufacturer  of  wooden 

:les.  The  great-grandfather  of  our  subject  was 
Colonel  Porter  in  the  Revolution.  The  mother  comes 
from  a  well  known  family  of  New  England,  the  Fiskes 
being  among  the  first  settlers  of  New  England.  Fred- 
erick P.  was  well  educated,  taking  a  high  school  course 
and  when  eighteen  went  to  learn  the  machinist  trade. 
This  was  in  Lewiston,  Maine,  and  when  he  had  com- 
pleted it,  he  worked  in  New  York  and  then  entered 
the  navv.  He  served  three  years  and  was  discharged  in 
the  fall  of  1898.  when  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alem 
country.  He  was  on  the  San  Francisco  in  Cuba  five 
months.  Here  he  took  a  position  in  the  Bunker  Hill 
and  later  in  the  Poorman.  Then  he  went  back  to  the 
marine  repair  shops  for  ten  years  and  in  October.  1902, 
he  came  to  this  district  and  took  his  present  position.  ' 
Mr.  Porter  has  two  brothers,  George  G.,  Arthur,  and  . 
one  sister,  Emma  Gilmore. 

In  October,  1901,  Mr.  Porter  married  Miss  Jane  C, 
daughter  of  Amos  and  Julia  (Harden)  Fiske,  natives 
of  Maine.     Mrs.   Porter  comes  from  another  branch 
of  the  Fiske  family.     The  wedding  occurred  in  Rock-  j 
land,  Maine,  and  Mrs.  Porter  was  born  in  the  same  '; 


Maine.  September  10,  ] 
Nellie  (Fiske)  Porter, 
still  live.  The  father 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


town,  October  6,  1876.  She  has  one  brother,  Fred,  and 
one  sister,  Rena  Leon.  Mr.  Porter  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  is  a  well 
informed  and  capable  man. 


HON.  ALFRED  PAGE  is  one  of  the  best  known 
men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  we  are  pleased 
to  be  privileged  to  recount  the  salient  points  in  his  in- 
teresting career.  At  present  he  is  serving  in  the  state 
legislature,  having  been  chosen  to  represent  his  county, 
and  in  this  capacity  he  is  an  able  and  faithful  man. 

Alfred  Page  was  born  in  Worcestershire,  England, 

'"  on  December  12,  1852,  the  son  of  Robert  and  Elizabeth 

,    (Greaves)  Page,  natives  of  England.    The  father  was 

a  builder  and  contractor  and  died  in  1897.    The  mother 

now  lives  in  Scotland.    Our  subject  received  a  liberal 

education  in  his  native  land  and  came  to  the  United 

States  in  1870.    He  had  learned  the  butcher  trade  and 

followed  it  in  California,  both  at  San  Jose,  and  Oak- 

•  land.     In  1874  he  opened  "a  market  in  the  latter  place 

r  and  in  time  sold  out  and  started  a  restaurant,  being  in 

:  partnership  with  Harry  Baylis.     Finally  he  sold  that 

and  went  to  Arizona  where  we  find  him  active  in  vari- 

[  ous  lines.    Thence  he  continued  his  journey  to  Nevada 

F  and  in  1879,  Mr.  Page  was  in  the  city  of  Seattle  and 

i'  there  he  continued  in  business  until  1883.    He  was  next 

engaged   in  Granite  creek  mines  in   British  Columbia 

and  in  1884  came  thence  to  Murray.    Finally  Mr.  Page 

came   on    to   Kentuck,   now    Wardner,    and   there   he 

opened  a  restaurant  and  from  that  clay  to  this  he  has 

been  prominent  in  entertaining  travelers  and  is  now 

proprietor  of  the  well  known  Page  Hotel,  one  of  the 

:   most   comfortable   and   popular    places    in    the    entire 

Coeur  d'Alene  country.     He  has  made  the  hotel  the 

leading  establishment  in  the  town  and  his  untiring  care 

•-•  for  the  comfort  of  all  and  his  skill  in  furnishing  the 

best  to  be  -had  in  the  markets,  with  careful  attendants, 

have  made  his  name  and  hotel  leaders  in  every  traveler's 

mind  who  has  had -the  good  fortune  to  be  entertained 

in  the  hotel.    Mr.  Page  is  a  member  of  the  Elks,  of  the 

I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  Eagles. 


HENRY  C.  IHRIG,  the  skillful  and  popular  sign 
I  writer  of  Wallace,  is  one  of  the  leading  men  in  his 
line  of  business  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state  and 
•  is  a  good  substantial  citizen  and  a  man  of  reliability. 
He  was  born  in  Scott  county,  Minnesota,  on  March 
2,  1859,  the  son  of  Charles  and  Susannah  (Steiner) 
Ihrig,  natives  of  Germany,  where  they  were  married. 
They  came  to  the  United  States  in  the  early  'fifties, 
and  the  father  followed  the  meat  business  most  of  his 
life.  In  1892  he  was  called  away  by  death.  This 
occurred  in  Dayton,  Washington,  where  he  had  been 
living  since  1880.  The  mother  still  lives  there,  aged 
severity-one.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Minne- 
sota and  when  thirteen  entered  the  Minneapolis  Busi- 
ness College,  where  he  took  first  prize  for  penmanship 
and  spelling.  When  sixteen  he  learned  fresco  painting 


and  at  the  same  time  assisted  his  father  in  the  butcher 
business.  In  1880  he  joined  his  brother  in  Dayton, 
Washington,  whither  the  family  came  in  a  few  months. 
After  a  few  months  Mr.  Ihrig  went  to  San  Francisco 
and  worked  at  butchering  for  three  years,  being  also 
engaged  in  operating  a  fruit  store.  Then  he  took  the 
foremanship  of  a  large  carriage  factory  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  in  1883  returned  to  Dayton.  He  wrote  signs 
there  for  two  years  and  came  on  to  Murray,  where 
he  did  a  good  'business.  In  1888  he  came  to  Burke 
and  built  the  "Nip  &  Tuck,"  but  as  business  did  not 
pan  out  good  he  came  to  Wallace  and  here  has  con- 
tinued since,  doing  a  good  business  in  his  line.  He 
was  here  in  the  great  fire  and  did  noble  work  in  rescu- 
ing people  and  saving  property.  Mr.  Ihrig  owns  a 
fine  two-story  building  and  handles  a  thriving  trade. 
Mr.  Ihrig  has  one  brother,  George,  and  three  sisters, — 
Maggie  Erb,  Laura  Peterson  and  Bertha  Nicholson ; 
and  one  half-brother,  William,  and  two  half-sisters,— 
Eliza  Wickmann  and  Sophie  Bellinger.  Mr.  Ihrig  is 
a  member  of  the  Eagles,  and  of  the  K.  P. 

Mr.  Ihrig  has  always  been  a  fine  athlete  and  in 
early  days  got  up  and  carried  through  one  of  the  finest 
fourth  of  July  celebrations  that  ever  made  the  old 
Coeur  d'Alene  hills  echo  to  patriotism.  He  has  in  his 
possession  eight  prizes  won  at  different  occasions,  the 
first  being  taken  when  he  was  but  eight  years  old.  On 
account  of  having  taken  eight  prizes  in  athletic  con- 
tests in. Minnesota,  the  state  sent  Mr.  Ihrig  to  Duluth, 
where  he  organized  the  Turnverein.  He  recently  made 
a  winning  of  warm  approval  in  giving  an  exhibition 
for  the  Elks.  He  had  been  some  time  out  of  prac- 
tice, but  was  enthusiastically  applauded.  Mr.  Ihrig 
is  still  in  the  happy  days  of  bachelor  life  and  is  also 
a  stanch  Republican.  He  is  owner  of  much  mining 
stock  and  has  a  share  in  the  Happy  Day,  which  adjoins 
the  Hercules,  his  stock  being  in  the  Amador  and  other 
propertie 

JOHN  S.  OLIN.  It  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are 
enabled  to  recount  the  salient  points  of  the  career 
of  Mr.  Olin,  since  he  is  one  of  the  expert  mining  men 
of  this  famous  Coeur  d'Alene  district,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  following.  He  was  born  in  Ashland,  Ohio, 
on  December  i},  1839,  the  son  of  Salathiel  and  Rachel 
(Seger)  O!in.  natives  of  New  York.  Our  subject 
received  his  education  in  Ohio  and  remained  there  until 
he  was  nineteen,  finishing  the  academic  course  that 
year.  He  went  to  Minnesota  and  embarked  in  the 
dry  goods  bus 


dry  goods  business  for  a  time,  after  which,  in  1864,  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Austin,  Nevada.  He  mined  there 
and  in  California,  Arizona,  Utah,  Colorado,  Alaska, 
Montana  and  Old  Mexico.  Mr.  Olin  was  superintendent 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


pany  and  then  superintended  the  famous  Bassick  prop- 
erty, Quireda,  in  Custer  county,  then  took  charge  of 
the  Chicago  and  Cripple  creek  tunnel.  Following  this 
long  and  excellent  record  Mr.  Olin  was  employed  by 
some  large  eastern  firms  as  an  expert,  and  he  traveled 
over  various  sections  of  leading  mining  districts  until 
1899,  when  he  came  to  Mullan  and  accepted  the  super- 
intendency  of  the  Hunter  properties,  where  he  is  at 
the  present  time.  Mr.  Olin  has  one  brother  and  one 
sister,— Mark  and  Eliza. 

In  March.  1875,  Mr.  Olin  married  Miss  Amanda, 
daughter  of  Blake 'and  Emily  Swaind.  The  father  died 
in  Iowa  and  the  mother  still  lives  in  Appanoose  county, 
where  she  was  born  and  also  where  Mrs.  Olin  was  born. 
The  grandparents  were  from  South  Carolina  and  early 
pioneers  in  Iowa.  Mrs.  Olin  has  the  following  broth- 
ers and  sisters,  all  living  in  Appanoose  county :  Blake, 
Junuius,  Eli,  Levi,  Oscar,  Jacob,  Lewis  and  Mrs.  Sarah 
Smith.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Olin  have  one  child,— Mrs.  Eva 
Danher,  residing  in  Mullan.  Mr.  Olin  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  Mrs.  Olin 
is  a  devout  member  of  the  Methodist  church. 


GEORGE  E.  ERB  is  a  thorough  westerner  in 
every  sense  of  the  word,  being  a  man  of  intelligence 
and  excellent  business -ability,  and  withal  a  potent  factor 
in  the  political  world  of  Idaho,  while  among  his  fellows 
he  is  of  exceptionally  good  standing. 

George  E.  Erb  was  born  in  Lafayette  county,  Mis- 
souri, on  April  26,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Maxim  and 
Mary  A.  (Ferguson)  Erb.  The  father  was  born  in 
Alsace-Lorraine,  and  came  to  the  United  States  when 
he  was  sixteen  years  old.  He  located  in  Illinois  and 
joined  the  state  militia  at  the  time  of  the  Mormon 
trouble  at  Nauvoo.  Then  he  enlisted  in  and  served 
all  through  the  Mexican  war,  and  after  its  close  he 
acted  as  scout  and  Indian  fighter  on  the  plains  until 
1856,  when  he  met  and  married  Miss  Mary  Ferguson, 
and  settled  down  in  Missouri  about  twenty  miles  south 
from  Kansas  City.  When  the  Civil  war  broke  out 
he  joined  the  southern  army,  serving  under  General 
Joe  Shelby.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Springfield,  luka, 
Corinth,  was  taken  prisoner  at  Vicksburg,  exchanged 
three  months  later  and  then  served  the  balance  of  the 
war  in  Texas.  Then  he  returned  to  his  farm  and  re- 
mained until  his  death,  in  1878,  aged  sixty-two.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Missouri,  of  Scotch 
and  Irish  extraction,  and  is  now  Hying  with  this  son's 
family  in  Lewiston.  George  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  place  and  when  seventeen  came 
with  his  mother,  who  took  land  near  Weston,  Oregon, 
where  he  farmed  for  three  years.  He  then  went  to 
Wallowa  county.,  Oregon,  and  in  February,  1889,  he 
came  on  foot,  the  snow  being  too  deep  for  horses,  to 
Lewiston,  and  in  that  city  and  at  his  present  place  he 
has  been  since.  Soon  after  landing  in  Lewiston  he 
passed  the  teachers'  examination  and  taught  school  un- 
til 1892.  In  August  of  that  year  he  was  nominated 
and  elected  probate  judge,  also  school  superintendent 
on  the  Democratic  ticket.  After  that  term  he  accepted 


the   position  of   deputy   county   clerk,   where  "he   dis-   1 
charged  the  duties  to  the  satisfaction  of  all.     During  I 
this  time  he  was  one  term  city  assessor,  and  one  term   j 
mayor  of  Lewiston.     In  1896  Mr.  Erb  was  appointed   • 
as  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  the  state  Nor- 
mal school  and  he  still  holds  that  position.     In  1899 
he  was  chairman  of  the  Democratic  county  central  com- 
mittee, and  in  1901  he  was  a  member  of  the  state 
central  committee  for  Nez  Perces  county.      In  1901  I 
Mr.  Erb  dropped  all  activities  in  politics  and  took  up  '. 
the  mercantile  business  with  his  brothers  in  Greer,   ' 
where  we  find  him  now.     They  carry  a  stock  of  ten   j 
thousand  dollars  and  do  a  good  business.     He  owns    j 
a  fine  residence  in  Lewiston  and  also  a  number  of  j 
residence  properties  leased,  while  also  he  has  a  good  I 

Mr.  Erb  is  a  member  of  the  W.  of  W.  at  Lewiston 
and  is  also  past  chancellor  commander  of  Excelsior  i 
Lodge,  No.  2,  K.  P.,  in  Lewiston.      Mr.  Erb  also  is 
past  grand  chancellor  commander  of  the  state  of  Idaho,  j 
He  has  held  office  in  the  subordinate  lodge  for  ten  I 
years  consecutively,  and  has  also  attained  the  position  . 
of   lieutenant   colonel   of   the   Uniform    Rank,   being 
the  highest  office  in  the  state.     He  succeeds  Colonel  1 
Ed.  McConville,  the  latter  being  killed  in  the  Philip-  j 
pjnes.      Mr.  Erb  is  also  a  member  of  the  Rathbone  ] 
Sisters  and  has  been  instrumental  in  organizing  the  I 
grand  temple  of  these  in  the  state. 

On  June  14,  1892,  at  the  Dowd  residence  near  I 
Lewiston,  Mr.  Erb  married  Miss  Mary  E.,  daughter  of  j 
Michael  and  Elizabeth  Dowd,  natives  of  Ireland.  Mrs.  I 
Erb  was  the  first  white  girl  born  at  Pierce.  The  fa- 1 
ther  was  a  pioneer  in  Pierce  and  wrought  at  his  trade —  1 
that  of  the  blacksmith— and  died  in  1876.  The  mother  I 
died  at  the  home  of  our  subject  in  1897.  Mrs.  Erb  I 
was  born  in  Pierce  on  December  13,  1868,  and  was  edu-  I 
cated  in  the  Catholic  seminary  in  Walla  Walla.  She  I 
has  three  brothers, — Harry,  Matthew  and  Charles,  1 
farmers  and  stockmen  on  the  Dowd  estate.  Two  chil-  I 
dren,— Charles  F.,  aged  nine,  and  Mary  E.,  aged  seven,  I 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Erb.  Mr.  Erb  and  I 
his  wife  are  prominent  in  the  society  of  Lewiston  and! 
are  amog  the  leading  people  of  the  town,  while  their  I 
friends  are  numbered  as  legion.  Mr.  Erb  is  chief  § 
deputy  in  charge  of  the  court  department  in  the  a 
clerk's  office. 


THOMAS  H.  DONNELLY  is  a  prominent  and 
capable  mining  man  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  wit 
his  headquarters  at  Mullan.  He  is  well  and  favorabl} 
known,  is  a  man  of  practical  knowledge,  skill  an( 
energy,  and  has  some  of  the  most  excellent  property  in 
this  vicinity. 

Thomas  H.  Donnelly  was  born  in  England  < 
August  9,  1847, tne  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  (Costello 
Donnelly,  natives  of  Ireland  and  now  dwelling  in  Law- 
rence, Massachusetts.  The  father  came  to  the  Unite< 
States  in  1854,  and  in  February,  1862,  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany D,  Sixteenth  Massachusetts.  He  was  woundd 
in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  but  continued  to  serv« 
until  the  end  of  the  war,  and  was  in  the  principal  bat 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


ties.  He  now  draws  a  disability  pension,  having  lost 
the  use  of  his  wounded  arm.  The  mother's  brother, 
Miles,  served  in  the  navy  during  the  Civil  war.  Our 
subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Lowell,  Massachu- 
setts, and  when  seventeen  enlisted  in  the  navy.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  came  to  Chicago  and  followed  steam- 
fitting  until  1869,  then  returned  to  Lowell  until  1872, 
when  he  went  again  to  Chicago  and  wrought  at  his  trade 
until  1877.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Donnelly  in  Leadville, 
mining,  and  in  this  business  he  wrought  in  New  Mixi- 
co,  Arizona,  southern  California,  Oregon,  British  Co- 
lumbia, Montana,  Washington,  Idaho  and  other  places. 
He  passed  through  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  in  1880 
and  stayed  with  Mr.  Prichard  at  Evolution,  where  he 
was  working  on  the  Goldsmith  claim.  Mr.  Donnelly 
'•  came  to  Idaho  to  remain  in  1887,  and  since  that  time 
has  given  his  attention  to  mining.  He  is  the  principal 

•  owner  of  the  famous  Snowstorm  group,  which  has  a 
force  of  men  at  work  and  a  showing  of  three  tunnels, 
sixteen  hundred  feet,  six  hundred  feet  and  two  hundred 
and  ninety  feet,  respectively;  with  forty  feet  of  ore  in 
the  middle  tunnel.      It  is  a  copper  property  and  valua- 

I  ble.  Mr.  Donnelly  is  vice-president  of  this  company, 
and  also  owns  other  property  in  this  vicinity.  He  has 
one  brother  and  two  sisters,— Edward  J.,  Elizabeth 
Houghton  and  Sarah  Hart.  Mr.  Donnelly  is  still  en- 

-  joying  the  cuiiet  pleasures  and  comforts  of  the  celiba- 
j.  tarian.     He'is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  the  Red- 
men.     Politically  Mr.  Donnelly  is  entirely  independent 
and  not  bound  by  shackles  in  any  line.  In  church  rela- 
tions he  is  affiliated  with  the  Catholics. 


CHARLES  STENZEL.  This  public  spirited  busi- 
ness man  of  Greer  is  now  operating  a  first  class  livery 
stable  there,  in  which  he  does  a  good  business,  owing 
both  to  his  enterprise  and  his  geniality,  being  a  man 
who  has  labored  for  the  development  of  the  country 
and  who  is  well  and  favorably  known. 

Charles  Stenze'  was  born  in  Waushara  county,  Wis- 
consin, on  June  20,  1867,  being  the  son  of  Andrew  G. 
and  Minnie  (Koechel)  Stenzel,  natives  of  Germany. 
The  father  came  to  the  United  States  in  1849  an<i 
farmed  and  did  merchandising.  He  died  in  Platte 
county,  Nebraska,  January  6,  1895,  aged  sixty-two. 
He  served  in  Company  I,  First  Wisconsin  Heavy  Ar- 
tillery, and  was  disabled  in  the  war.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  came  to  the  United  States  about  1851,  was 
married  in  Wisconsin  in  June,  1861,  and  now  lives  in 
Nebraska.  Charles  was  raised  in  Wisconsin  until 
seven,  then  went  with  the  family  to  Minnesota  and 
Nebraska,  in  which  latter  place  he  attended  school  for 
thirteen  years.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until 
he  was  twenty,  and  then  rented  land  for  three  years 
with  indifferent  success.  In  1891  Mr,  Stenzel  came 
to  Shoshone  county  and  did  ranch  work  for  four  years, 
then  he  operated  a  stage  line  from  Lewiston  to  Pierce 
and  did  freighting  for  six  years.  His  brother-in-law, 
George  Gamble,  was  a  partner  in  these  enterprises.  In 
April,  1901,  Mr.  Stenzel  opened  a  livery  stable  in 
Greer.  and  since  that  date  he  has  done  a  good  busi- 


ness. Mr.  Stenzel  has  a  ranch  on  the  Weippe  which 
will  yield  at  least  two  million  feet  of  fine  yellow  pine, 
this  being  an  exceptionally  fine  piece  of  timber  land. 
In  Platte  county,  Nebraska,  on  February  27,  1891, 
Mr.  Stenzel  married  Miss  Annie,  daughter  of  Fred 
and  Minnie  Tessendorf,  natives  of  Germany.  Mrs. 
Stenzel  has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,— William, 
in  Nez  Perces  county;  Gustav  and  Albert,  in  Platte 
county,  Nebraska;  Teenie,  wife  of  John  Weisner, 
operating  a  steam  laundry  in  Grand  Forks,  British 
Columbia.  Mr.  Stenzel  stands  among  the  leaders  in 
progression  and  upbuilding  of  the  country  and  has 
shown  a  generous  and  public  spirit  in  his  career,  and 
the  good  will  and  esteem  of  all  are  his  to  enjoy. 


ADAM  AULBACH  needs  no  introduction  to  the 
people  of  Idaho  or  the  northwest,  and  it  is  with  un- 
feigned pleasure  that  we  are  able  to  recount  some  of 
the  salient  points  of  his  active  and  aggressive  career. 
Owing  to  his  extensive  experience  and  activity  in  the 
vocations  of  life,  it  will  be  impossible  to  grant  great 
detail,  but  an  epitome  of  Mr.  Aulbach's  life  can  but 
stimulate  others  to  noble  action  and  emulation  of  real 
triumph  and  success. 

Adam  Aulbach  was  born  near  Belleville,  Illinois, 
on  December  24,  1846,  the  son  of  Adam  and  Eva  Aul- 
bach, natives  of  Aschaffenburg,  Bavaria.  The  father 
was  a  captain  in  the  army  many  years,  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1842  and  located  six  miles  south  of 
Belleville.  Later  he  moved  to  Belleville  and  followed 
merchandising  until  his  death,  in  1889.  He  had  been 
alderman  for  twenty-four  years.  The  mother  was 
married  in  the  native  land,  and  died  in  Belleville  in 
1887.  Our  subject  received  a  liberal  education,  learned 
the  printer's  art  and  the  skill  of  the  editor  and  re- 
porter, perfecting  himself  in  many  places.  He  com- 
menced in  Belleville,  then  worked  on  the  Republican,  in 
St.  Louis,  and  on  April  28,  1863,  with  four  others,  the 
eldest  being  twenty-five,  he  started  from  St.  Joseph, 
Missouri,  with  ox  teams,  to  the  west.  Fighting  with 
the  Indians  occurred  frequently  and  the  authorities 
forbade  them  proceeding  from  Laramie  until  larger 
trains  came  up.  Fie  reached  his  destination,  East  Ban- 
nock, on  July  28,  the  same  year.  He  mined,  did  mer- 
chandising, went  to  Virginia  City,  Montana,  mined  in 
Bivens  gulch  and  there  was  drafted  into  the  vigilance 
committee,  and  it  became  his  lot  to  witness  several  of 
the  early  hangings.  On  August  21,  1864,  Mr.  Aul- 
bach enlisted  in  Company  A,  First  Nevada  Cavalry, 
and  served  until  July  12,  1866,  being  then  discharged 
at  Camp  Douglas,  Utah.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Aulbach 
in  the  newspaper  .business  in  Salt  Lake  City,  handling 
the  Vedette,  which  was  a  fearless  organ,  as  is  testified 
by  the  mobbings  it  received  at  the  hands  of  the  infuri- 
ated Mormons.  Mr.  Aulbach  was  the  only  one  escap- 
ing bodily  injury.  Later  he  operated  a  daily  at  Co- 
rinne,  Utah,  then  did  compositor  work  on  the  San 
Francisco  Chronicle.  After  one  year  he  returned  to 
Corinne,  and  was  at  the  head  of  a  plan  to  reclaim  desert 
land,  and  went  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  with  ex-Governor 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Stone,  of  Iowa,  to  further  the  business,  but  was  finally 
compelled  to  abandon  it.  In  1872  Mr.  Aulbach  was 
.  again  in  San  Francisco,  and  then  wrote  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  Typpgrahical  Union,  which  is  still  in  use. 
Then  we  see  him  in  San  Jose,  publishing  the  daily 
Herald  in  the  interests  of  Samuel  J.  Tilden  in  the  great 
campaign  of  1876.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  went  to 
Eureka,  Nevada,  and  edited  the  Daily  Republican. 
After  one  year  he  returned  to  San  Francisco  and 
worked  on  the  Chronicle  and  Post.  In  1880  he  came 
again  to  Eureka,  and  for  three  years  subsequent  there- 
to was  connected  with  the  Daily  Sentinel.  On  Novem- 
ber 2,  1883,  Mr.  Aulbach  arrived  at  Herring  Siding,  on 
the  Northern  Pacific,  found  the  trail  blocked  with 
snow  and  so  went  east,  where  he  remained  during  that 
winter.  He  was  occupied  on  the  Philadelphia -Record, 
New  York  Herald  and  other  papers.  On  April  9, 
1884,  Mr.  Aulbach  reached  Belknap  with  a  complete 
printing  office,  and  -on  July  4  of  the  same  year  he 
came  into  Murray  at  the  head  of  a  pack  train  of  forty- 
five  mules,  bringing  in  his  newspaper  outfit.  On  July 
8  the  first  issue  of  the  Tri-Weekly  Sun  came  forth,  and 
in  1886  it  grew  to  a  daily,  and  iii  1888  it  took  its  place 
as  a  weekly  and  has  since  continued  as  such.  The 
Coeur  d'Alene  Sun  is  well  known,  and  it  breathes  forth 
the  acumen,  uprightness  and  keen  discrimination  and 
foresight  of  its  editor  and  owner  and  has  always  been 
a  welcome  visitor  wherever  it  has  made  its  way.  In 
1885  Mr.  Aulbach  started  the  Wardner  News.  In 
1889  he  purchased  the  Wallace  Press  and  also  started 
a  paper  at  Mullan.  All  of  these  plants  he  subse- 
quently sold.  Mr.  Aulbach  has  always  been  a  promi- 
nent figure  in  the  political  arena,  and  while  forging  out 
the  policy  and  placing  men  to  execute  it  he  has  taken 
but  little"  prominence  for  himself  in  public  office.  He 
is  now  a  stanch  Republican  and  hopes  to  continue  so 
until  his  departure.  He  has  one  brother,  John,  and  two 
sisters,  Josephine  Beck  and  Mary  C.  Stratz. 

On  February  5,  1888,  at  Murray,  Mr.  Aulbach 
married  Miss  Rose,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 
(Ruben)  Zaugg,  natives  of  Switzerland  and  now  de- 
ceased. Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,— 
Nate,  a  student  in  Bishop  Scott's  academy  in  Portland ; 
Ruth,  in  St.  Helen's  Hall,  Portland.  Mr.  Aulbach  is 
a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  the  O. 
E.  S.,  the  G.  A.  R.  and  the  Olympic  Club.  He  owns 
the  Murray  water  plant  and  has  heavy  interests  in  min- 
ing, and  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  county. 


GEORGE  E.  GILPATRICK  is  one  of  the  early 
pioneers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  is  now 
operating  a  neat  and  popular  hotel  in  Murray,  while 
also  he  does  a  general  mining  business.  He  was  born 
in  Maine  on  January  25,  1861,  the  son  of  Joseph  F.  and 
Esther  (Meader)  Gilpatrick,  natives  of  Maine.  The 
father  descended  from  English  parents,  and  his  father 
is  now  living  in  Maine,  aged  ninety.  The  father  died 
in  eastern  Washington  in  1897.  the  mother  comes 
from  Scotch  ancestrage  and  is  now  living  at  Tyler, 
Washington.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Maine  until 


nine,  then  went  with  the  family  to  Butte  county,  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  was  educated.  In  1885  he  came  to  ' 
Wardner  and  the  next  year  to  Murray.  He  devoted 
himself  to  mining  and  located  several  claims,  but  later 
abandoned  them.  One  of  them  proved  upon  develop- 
ment to  be  very  valuable.  Mr.  Gilpatrick  continued 
at  Murray  until  1890  and  then  went  to  visit  his  people 
at  Tyler,  and  spent  four  years  there  and  one  in  Walla 
Walla,  and  in  1895  he  returned  to  Murray  again,  i 
Again  he  gave  his  attention  to  mining,  and  then  he 
began  to  locate  some  excellent  claims.  He  located  the 
Carbonate  group,  in  which  he  has  a  large  interest  now.  ] 
He  also  discovered  and  located  the  Tiger  group,  and 
in  this  also  he  has  a  large  share.  He  gave  his  atten- 
tion to  developing  these  properties,  and  also  to  further 
specting,  until  March  28,  1903,  when  he  opened 


the  hotel  which  he  is  now  conducting,  and  it  is  one  i 
of  the  choice  places  for  refreshment  in  the  whole  Coeur 
d'Alene  country  and  happy  is  the  weary  traveller  who    : 
is  so  fortunate  as  to  secure.  entertainment  under  the 
charge  of   Mr.   and   Mrs.   Gilpatrick,   for  they  have  ,  | 
made  their  hotel  all  that  home  can  afford  for  com-  j 
fort  and  quietness.      Mr.  Gilpatrick  has  also  done  con- 
siderable contract  work  in  different  mines,  and  he  is  ;  ) 
known  as  one  of  the  leading  mining  men  of  the  sec-  ]  j 
tion.      He  has   four  brothers  and  one  sister,  —  Fred,  .  I 
Herbert,  Gardner,  Henry  and  Aura  Moreland. 

In  Seattle,  on  July  4,  1901,  Mr.  Gilpatrick  married 
Mrs.  Athelia  Taylor,  daughter  of  Zephaniah  and  Mary 
(Knight)   Perry",  natives  of  New  York.      The  father    ' 
died  at  Tyler  o'n  May  28,  1899,  and  the  mother  died 
in    1891.  '   Mrs.   Gilpatrick   was  born   in   New   Yorkjl 
state  in  1867  and  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis-:? 
ters:      Fremont,  Sherman,  John,  Burt,  Edwin,   Mel- 
lissa  Abbott,  Hattie  Signer  and  Alta  Watt. 


WILLIAM  P.  NORTHRUP  is  one  of  the  leading 
citizens  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  is  well  and 
favorably  known  in  this  county.  He  is  at  present 
handling  a  good  hardware  business  in  Murray  and  is  . 
doing  a  good  business,  to  which  his  energy,  skill  and, 
uprightness  entitle  him. 

William  P.  Northrup  w,as  born  in  Wyoming  county, 
New  York,  on  February  3rd,  1852,  the  son  of  Gilbert 
S.  and  Clarinda  G.  (Gates)  Northrup,  natives  of  New 
York  and  Massachusetts,  respectively.  The  father 
was  a  well  known  Congregational  preacher  and  was 
chaplain  of  the  Ninth  Kansas  Cavalry,  which  fought 
Price.  He  contracted  pneumonia  in  the  service,  and 
died  in  1864.  He  came  from  a  prominent  and  old 
New  England  family.  The  mother  descended  from  the 
Gates  family,  which  came  to  the  colonies  in  the  early- 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century.  She  died  in  lola, 
Kansas,  in  1891.  Our  subject  was  educated  by  his 
mother,  who  was  accomplished  as  an  educator,  and  in 
1872  he  went  to  railroading  in  Minnesota.  Later  he 
went  to  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  and  took  a  busi- 
ness course.  Following  this  Mr.  Northrup  was  sales- 
an in  a  mercantile  house  in  Chicago,  then  entered  the 
ploy  of  his  uncle,  the  leading  business  man  of  lola, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Kansas.  Next  he  came  to  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  and  in 
1890  to  Wallace,  and  it  was  his  fortune,  with  others, 
to  spread  the  first  alarm  of  the  great  fire  of  that  year, 
and  in  1892  he  was  a  deputy  sheriff.  Mr.  Northrup 
was  then  receiver  for  the  Small  &  Colby  Lumber  Com- 
•  pany  at  Cataldo,  and  later  he  took  charge  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Hardware  Company's  interests  in  Murray,  and 
in  February,  1902,  he  bought  the  business.  Mr.  North- 

missioners  commanded  him  not  to  pay  the  interest  on 
the  county  bonds,  but  he  did  it,  as  should  have  been 
done,  and  then  was  ordered  to  get  greater  bonds,  and 
a  personal  canvass  of  the  towns  of  the  district  gave  him 
such  an  overwhelming  addition  to  his  bonds  that  no 
further  complaint  could  be  lodged. 
.  At  lola,  Kansas,  on  May  27,  1880,  Mr.  Northrup 
married  Miss  Luella  E.,  daughter  of  Josiah  and  lola 
C.  Colborn,  early  settlers  in  Kansas.  The  town  was 
inamed  from  Mrs.  Colborn.  The  father  was  a  Cali- 
fornia miner  and  did  well,  and-  was  a  leading  man  in 
'his  section.  Mrs.  Northrup  is  a  native  of  lola,  being 
'the  first  child  born  there.  She  has  one  brother  and 
four  sisters,— George  M.,  Jennie  Moffitt,  Madeline  J. 
McKissick,  Alice  Scott  and  Nellie  F.  Colburn.  Mr. 
Northrup  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and  of-  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.  He  is  a  man  of  intelligence  and  business  ability 
that  has  made  a  success,  and  he  stands  today  one  of 
the  prominent  men  of  Shoshone  county  and  deservedly 
[holds  that  position. 


I  CLARENCE  C.  LANDES  is  the  present  post- 
Jmaster  of  Murray,  and  it  is  truly  said  of  him  that  he 
handles  one  of  the  best  and  neatest  postoffices  in  the 
state  of  Idaho.  He  also  operates  in  connection  with 
his  postoffice  a  cigar  and  confection  store  and  is  hand- 
ling a  fine  business. 

Clarence  C.  Landes  was  born  in  Eugene,  ( )regon, 
'•on  November  21,  1872,  the  son  of  Winfield  S.  and 
Mary  J.  (Goodman)  Landes.  The  father  was  born  in 
Iowa,  crossed  the  plains  in  1853,  farmed  near  Eugene 
knd  in  1882  came  to  eastern  Oregon  and  in  1886  to 
Murray.  In  1900  he  retired  from  active  mining  inter- 
,ests  and  now  dwells  in  Spokane.  The  mother  was 
bom  in  Missouri,  was  married  in  Eugene,  and  died 
at  Eugene,  in  June,  1873.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  the  Monmouth  Normal.  His 
mother's  parents  now  live  in  Eugene  and  the  father 
rides  a  bicycle,  and  both  are  strong  and  rugged  and  if 
they  both  live  until  August  29,  1903,  they  will  celebrate 
the  sixtieth  anniversary  of  their  wedding.  After  leav- 
ing the  normal  Clarence  C.  came  to  Murray  and  joined 
his  father  in  mining.  In  1896  he  went  into  politics 
and  was  an  influential  factor  in  that  realm.  He  was 
four  months  at  Boise,  in  the  hea.t  of  the  campaign,  and 
then  came  to  Murray  and  was  appointed  postmaster. 
Eighteen  months  later  he  resigned  and  went  to  Central 
America,  seeking  a  business  location,  but  returned  to 
Spokane,  then  went  to  Thunder  mountain  before  the 
boom  and  located  some  fine  property,  which  was  sold 
by  him  later  to  a  good  advantage.  In  1901  Mr.  Landes 


returned  to  Murray  and  upon  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
Irvin  as  postmaster  he  was  appointed,  and  holds  that 

On  July  18,  1901,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Landes  married 
Miss  Lillian,  daughter  of  William  and  Ella  (Hitch- 
ings)  Worstell,  natives  of  Indiana.  The  father  is  a 
pioneer  to  this  district,  and  is  now  a  retired  merchant 
in  Wallace.  The  mother  died  in  Denver,  Colorado, 
on  March  10,  1888.  Mrs.  Landes  was  born  in  Indiana 
on  July  23,  1873,  and  has  three  brothers  and  two  sis- 
ters,—Bruce  G.,  Lawrence,  Harold,  Luneti  and  Han- 
nah. To  Mr.. and  Mrs.  Landes  there  has  been  born 
one  child— Virginia.  Mr.  Landes  is  a  member  of 
the  Elks,  and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Episcopalian 
church.  Mr.  Landes  is  greatly  interested  in  mining 
propositions  in  the  district  and  is  a  promoter  of  prop- 
erties on  Bear  Gulch. 


PATRICK  KEANE  has  won  many  friends  by  his 
affability  and  modest  bearing,  coupled  with  integrity 
and  sincerity,  which  are  patent  to  all  who  come  in 
contact  with  him.  He  is  at  present  the  popular  incum- 
bent of  the  postoffice  at  Greer,  where  he  displays  an 
ability  and  spirit  of  accommodation  that  gives  the  ut- 
most satisfaction. 

Patrick  Keane  was  born  in  Ireland  on  March  16, 
1844,  being  the  son  of  Cornelius  and  Mary  (Monahan) 
Keane,  both  natives  of  Ireland  and  now  deceased.  Pat- 
rick came  to  the  United  States  in  1867,  and  after  one 
year  in  Boston  he  made  his  way  to  Idaho,  Pierce  being 
the  objective  point.  He  is  thus  one  of  the  oldest 
pioneers  of  this  section.  He  gave  his  attention  to 
mining  and  later  took  a  homestead  on  the  Weippe, 
which  was  the  scene  of  his  labors  for  sixteen  years. 
This  property  was  sold  in  February,  1902.  For  six 
years  Mr.  Keane  was  postmaster  in  Fraser,  and  since 
July,  1899,  he  has  been  postmaster  of  Greer.  Mr. 
Keane  has  two  brothers, — Cornelius,  on  the  old  home- 
stead in  Ireland;  Dermis,  a  farmer  in  the  vicinity  of 
Fraser. 

On  December  31,  1885,  at  Greer,  Mr.  Keane  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Tames  and  Mary  Greer, 
natives  of  Ireland.  Mrs.  Keane  was  born  in  Ohio, 
and  died  in  Greer  on  February  7,  1891,  aged  fifty-two. 
Mr.  Keane  has  no  children.  In  political  matters  he  is 
a  stanch  Republican  and  has  been  committeeman  for 
this  district.  He  is  a  man  of  excellent  information, 
and  in  the  issues  of  the  day  he  is  intelligent.  Mr. 
Keane  has  two  buildings  in  the  town,  which  are  rented. 
One  is  that  in  which  the  postoffice  is  located. 


AMOS  W  ATKINS  is  a  leading  man  of  Murray, 
being  now  engaged  in  blacksmithing.  He  was  born  in 
Ohio  on  November  9,  1847,  the  son  of  Edward  and 
Jane  (Williams)  Watkins,  natives  of  Wales.  They 
came  direct  to  Ohio  from  the  native  country,  the  fa-  ' 
ther  landing  in  the  Buckeye  state  when  seven.  They 
were  married  there,  and  there  the  father  died  in  1897. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


The  mother  died  when  our  subject  was  twelve.  Amos 
was  educated  and  reared  in  Ohio,  and  in  1875  went  to 
Missouri,  the  next  year  to  California  and  thence  by 
steamer  to  Portland,  and  was  soon  in  Salem.  Inside 
of  a  year  he  located  in  Coif  ax,  Washington,  and  in 
1879  went  to  *ne  Leadville  excitement,  and  in  May, 
1883,  he  was  on  the  crest  of  the  wave  which  brought 
him  to  Murray.  He  packed  in  over  the  old  Evolution 
trail  and  rested  first  at  Eagle  City.  He  mined  until 
1887  and  then  opened  his  present  shop,  and  since  that 
time  the  shop  has  been  his  headquarters.  Mr.  Watkins 
is  interested  in  the  development  of  the  district,  has 
various  properties  and  is  a  heavy  owner  in  the  Emmett 
&  Elaine  group.  Mr.  Watkins  has  one  brother,  Ben- 
jamin: four  half-brothers,  John,  Evan,  David  and 
Charles ;  two  sisters,  Mary  Evans  and  Catherine  Jones ; 
and  one  half-sister,  Emma  Davis. 

On  January  12,  1887,  at  Murray,  Mr.  Watkins  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Sara  E.  Haver, 'who  was  born  in  Goshen, 
Indiana,  on  February  29,  1852,  the  daughter  of  Jacob 
and  Susan  (Morten)  Kinney.  The. father  was  born  in 
Dublin,  Ireland,  came  to  the  United  States  when  thirty 
and  was  a  merchant.  The  mother  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, was  married  in  Goshen,  Indiana,  and  died  on 
November  26.  1871.  Mr.  Kinney  was  a  leading  mer- 
chant in  Goshen  for  years.  Mr.  Watkins  is  a  member 
of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  is  an  active  Republican. 

Mrs.  Watkins  came  to  Murray  over  the  trail  from 
Thompson  Falls,  landing  here  on  March  17,  1885. 
She  started  a  boarding  house  in  Dream  gulch  and  did 
well  for  two  years.  Her  first  husband,  Fred  Haver, 
was  killed  in  a  powder  explosion  in  1882.  He  was 
a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war,  enlisting  in  the  First  Wis- 
consin Batter}'  August  19,  1862,  and  receiving  his  dis- 
charge on  July  18,  1865.  He  was  born  in  Zanesville, 
Ohio,  on  June  20.  1847,  was  married  in  Chicago  on 
July  18,  1873,  and  for  years  was  captain  in  the  Chicago 
fire  department.  He  did  mining  in  the  Black  Hills  in 
1877,  then  went  to  Montana  and  contracted  on  the  N. 
P.  and  there  he  met  his  death,  as  stated.  Mr.  and 
Mrs,  Watkins  are  highly  respected  people  and  have 
considerable  property  in  Murray  and  are  among  the 
substantial  taxpayers'.  Mrs.  Watkins  was  junior  vice- 
president  in  the  Woman's  Relief  Corps,  department  of 
Idaho,  and  has  been  three  times  treasurer  of  the  local 


DAMTAN  CARDONER.  This  gentleman  is  one  of 
the  leading  business  men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
.md  at  the  present  time  is  operating  a  first  class  general 
merchandise  store  in  Burke.  He  carries  a  large  stock, 
aggregating  from  fifteen  to  twenty  thousand  dollars 
worth  of  all  kinds  of  goods  needed  in  this  market.  In 
addition  to  this,  Mr.  Cardoner  is  heavily  interested  in 
mining  property  and  is  one  of  the  wealthy  men  of  the 
country.  He  was  born  in  San  Clemente,  Spain,  on  Sep- 
tember 15,  1844.  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Maria  (Vinas) 
Cardoner,  natives  of  the  same  place.  The  father  died 
on  February  9,  1903.  aged  seventy-nine  and  the  mother 
died  in  1897,  aged  seventy- four.  Our  subject  grew  to 
manhood  in  his  native  place  and  was  engaged  in  busi- 


ness in  Basle,  Switzerland,  from  1868  to  1872.  After 
this  venture  he  spent'  five  months  in  his  native 
place  and  then  his  stirring  spirit  led  him  to  the 
United  States  in  1883.  Landing  in  New  York, 
he  came  thence  to  San  Francisco.  In  1884  Mr. 
Cardoner  came  over  the  mountains  by  Mission  to  the 
Eagle  district,  carrying  his  pack.  This  was  in  April 
and  he  had  the  honor  of  taking  the  first  citizenship 
papers  there.  Mr.  Cardoner  commenced  with  hard 
labor  and  he  has  displayed  the  most  untiring  energy 
and  determination  to  win  in  the  race  in  which  he  has 
now  made  such  a  brilliant  success.  He  worked  in  the 
mines  and  after  working  hours  were  past,  he  would  sell 
fruits  and  vegetables.  Even  during  the  winter  he  was 
active  in  this  line.  Later  he  would  pack  heavy  loads 
of  supplies  to  the  miners  in  various  sections  and  some- 
times he  would  quit  at  night  with  less  than  two  dollars 
earned.  In  1885  he  started  a  saloon  in  Mullan  but 
soon  gave  up  the  business  on  account  of  the  excitement 
dying  out.  Then  Mr.  Cardoner  prospected  but  met 
with  no  success.  In  the  fall  of  1885  he  went  back  to 
Murray  with  a  fifteen  dollar  stock  and  opened  a  cigar, 
fruit,  and  confectionery  store.  He  met  with  success 
and  soon  had  a  fine  stock.  He  ventured  in  mining 
and  lost  fourteen  hundred  dollars.  In  1887  he  sent  a 
cousin  to  start  a  store  in  Burke,  having  only  a  six  hun- 
dred dollar  stock.  He  would  make  pilgrimages  over 
the  pass  in  the  dead  of  winter  to  make  his  collections 
each  month  and  experienced  terribly  hard  usage  in  the 
deep  snows  and  slides  and  many  times  came  near  los- 
ing his  life.  But  there  was  no  such  thing  as  fail  with 
Mr.  Cardoner  and  he  pushed  steadily  along.  Later  he 
brought  his  stock  from  Murray  and  has  continued  here 
in  business  since.  He  has  a  fine  patronage  now.  In 
the'  early  nineties,  Mr.  Cardoner  invested  in  mines  ' 
again  and  lost  heavily.  But  he  would  not  be  defeated 
and  finally  Dame  Fortune  smiled  on  him  in  this  line  also 
and  he  became  a  sixteenth  owner  of  the  famous  Her- 
cules, which  amply  rewarded  his  former  toils  and  losses. 
He  is  interested  in  other  mining  properties  and  they  j 
are  all  considered  of  good  worth.  Mr.  Cardoner  ha?  ] 
one  brother,  Joseph,  who  is  in  business  in  Berne, 
Switzerland. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Cardoner  and  Miss  Matilda 
Bouvard  occurred  on  July  IT,  1872  in  Strasburg,  Al- 
sace-Lorraine, and  four  children  have  been  born  to 
them,  one  boy  and  three  girls.  Bertha  is  living  at  home 
and  the  others  are  deceased.  During  the  last  adminis- 
tration of  Cleveland,  Mr.  Cardoner  was  postmaster 
for  four  years.  Mr.  Cardoner  is  now  enjoying  the 
competence  that  his  labors  have  provided  and  it  may 
truthfully  be  said  that  few  men  have  wrought  with 
more  arduous  effort,  skill,  determination,  with  invin- 
cible will  never  to  bow  to  adversity,  than  has  this 

ilthy  and  respected  merchant  and  mine  owner. 


AMOS  M.  STRODE,  one  of  the  heavy  operators  in 
mining  property  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district,  is  also  , 
instructor,  owner  and  manager  of  the  water  works, 
and  was  builder  and  owner  of  the  electric  light  plant, 


DAMIAN  CARDONER. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


in  Mullan.  He  was  born  in  Edmonson  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  March  17,  1849,  the  son  of  McClung  and 
Sabrina  (Shackelforcl)  Strode,  natives  of  Kentucky 
and  now  deceased.  The  Mayflower  bore  to  the  new 
world  two  brothers.  James  and  John  Strode,  who  later 
settled  in  the  James  river  valley  in  Virginia,  and  their 

•  descendants   were   prominent  Americans  and  patriots 
in  the  Revolution  and  it  is  asserted  that  one  of  the 
family  fired  the  first  shot  at  the  British  at  Lexington. 
Amos  Strode,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  settled  in 
Kentucky  and  this  branch  of  the  family  was  prominent 
and  influential.      The   father  of  our  subject   died  in 
Warren  county,  Kentucky,  on  September  7,  1892.    The 
mother  of  our  subject  came  from  German  parentage 
and  a  prominent  family,  the  Shackelfords  being  leading 

,   members  of  the  bar  and  prominent  judges  in  many 
decades.      Our  subject  was  educated  and  reared  in 
Kentucky.     When  twenty-one  he  went  to  Kansas  and 
farmed  and  bought  and  sold  land,  being  also  prominent 
politically.      He  traveled  for  a  few  years  and  settled 
to  operating  a  coal  mine  in  Missouri.      Later  he  took 
\   a  claim  adjoining  Grand  Junction,  Colorado,  and  sold 
'f  out  for  eight  thousand  dollars.     Then  he  took  up  min- 
ing near  Ouray,  operated  a  sawmill,  handled  a  real  es- 
tate business,  and  operated  the  largest  placer  mine  in 

*  that  section.     He  was  at  Aspen,  Glenwood  and  other 
places.     In  1888  Mr.  Strode  entered  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country  and  had  sixty  cents  capital.     He  worked  in  a 
mill  for  a  time,  then  launched  into  mining,  and  in  1890 

I  he  came  to  Mullan  and  erected  a  seventeen  thousand 
;  dollar  water  plant  and  electric  works  costing  nine 
thousand  dollars.  In  addition  to  these  enterprises  Mr. 
Strode  has  done  much  real  estate  and  mining  business 
and  is  now  promoting  and  operating  several  properties. 
He  located  and  incorporated  the  Reindeer  group  and  is 
president  of  the  company.  He  is  also  president  of  the 
Stevens  Peak  Copper  Mining  Company  and  president 
and  manager  of  the  Stewart  Mining  Company.  He 
owns  the  claims  covering  the  mineral  zone  between 
the  Morning  and  the  Hunter  mines.  He  also  has  some 
valuable  claims  west  of  Mullan,  known  as  the  mineral 
••*  farm.  Mr.  Strode  has  two  brothers  and  four  sisters, 
— Milburn  J.,  William  H.,  Nancy  B.  Philips,  Mag, 
Mrs.  Jennie  Schroeder  and  Mrs.  Clara  Vernon. 

On  January  6,  1903,  at  Denver,  Colorado,  Mr. 
Strode  married  Miss  Alicia  F.  Jeffrey,  whose  parents 
are  deceased.  The  father  was  an  officer  in  the  British 
army  and  was  a  native  of  England.  The  mother  was 
from  a  prominent  family,  named  Harvey.  Mrs.  Strode 
was  born  in  Hauts,  Nova  Scotia.  She  graduated  from 
Mt.  Allison  college  at  Sackville,  New  Brunswick,  then 
graduated  from  the  medical  department  of  the  North- 
western University  at  Chicago,  and  then  was  appointed 
medical  director  of  the  St.  Marks  hospital  in  Grand 
Rapids,  Michigan.  Two  years  later  she  resigned  to 
accept  the  superintendency  of  the  St.  Lukes  in  Den- 
ver, Colorado,  and  after  three  years  of  successful  work 
there  took  charge  of  the  Mt.  Tabor  Sanitarium  in  Port- 
land, Oregon.  After  this  long  service  Mrs.  Strode  re- 
turned to  private  life.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Colo- 
rado State  Medical  Society.  She  has  one  brother, 
Charles  N.  F.  Jeffrey,  an  Episcopal  clergyman  in  Win- 


nipeg. Mr.  Strode  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
and  is  also  a  Scottish  Rite  Mason.  He  is  a  Democrat, 
but  not  partisan.  Mrs.  Strode  is  a  member  of  the 
Episcopal  church. 


CHARLES  MELROY,  who  is  now  operating  a 
quiet  saloon  in  Murray,  was  born  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
on  February  13,  1863,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Margaret 
(Gallagher)  Melroy,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father 
came  to  the  United  States  before  he  was  twenty-one, 
and  settled  first  in  Pennsylvania  and  later  went  to  Des 
Moines  and  there  worked  in  the  fort,  hauling  wood. 
After  that  he  bought  a  farm  in  Warren  county,  which 
he  sold  to  his  brother,  John,  and  then  bought  the  old 
homestead  in  Madison  county,  where  he  farmed  until 
his  death.  The  mother  still  'lives  on  that  place.  Out- 
subject  was  reared  in  Iowa,  attending  public  schools 
until  he  was  fifteen,  when  he  began  to  travel,  and  he 
visited  South  Dakota,  Nebraska,  Arkansas,  Texas,  Ari- 
zona, Old  Mexico  and  many  other  states  and  territories. 
He  continued  thus  in  various  employments  until  the 
fall  of  1887,  when  he  came  into  Murray,  and  here  he 
has  continued  since,  with  the  exception  of  several  visits. 
He  gave  his  attention  to  mining  and  prospecting  until 
1895,  an(l  then  opened  his  present  business.  Mr.  Mel- 
roy took  part  in  the  chloride  excitement  on  the  Pend 
Oreille,  in  1888.  He  has  ten  brothers  and  sisters  liv- 
ing, named  as  follows :  Mark,  John,  Thomas,  James, 
Peter,  Michael,  Frank,  Dominic,  Nora  and  Joseph. 

OrtFebruary  6,  1891,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Melroy  mar- 
ried Mrs.  May  Summner,  daughter  of  Greenberry  and 
Hattie  Williams.  The  father  was  born  in  Illinois, 
and  died  in  1894.  Mrs.  Melroy  has  one  brother,  John 
R.  One  child  has  been  born  to  this  marriage,  an  un- 
named infant.  Mrs.  Melroy  has  two  children  by  her 
former  marriage, — Minnie  and  Mable.  Mr.  Melroy 
is  a  member  of  the  Redmen,  and  in  political  matters  he 
is  untrammelled  by  any  party  or  tenet,  but  reserves  foi 
himself  the  decision  of  the  important  questions  of  the 


HORACE  R.  NOBLE.  A  leading  and  well  known 
business  man  and  agriculturist  of  southern  Shoshone 
county  who  has  always  maintained  a  reputation  for  in- 
tegrity and  enterprise  and  who  promotes  the  welfare 
of  the  country  by  his  aggressive  business  methods,  it 
is  eminently  fitting  that  a  representation  of  him  be 
granted  in  this  volume  of  his  county's  history. 

Horace  R.  Noble  was  born  in  Jo  Daviess  county, 
Illinois,  on  August  i,  18=56,  being  the  son  of  John  and 
Sarah  (Sumpter)  Noble,  natives  of  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee,  respectively.  The  father  died  in  Anderson 
county,  Kansas,  in  1890,  aged  seventy-six.  His  fa- 
ther was  a  native  of  Scotland  and  his  mother  of  Ger- 
many. John  Noble  served  for  a  time  in  the  Civil 
war,  near  its  close.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
married  in  Indiana,  and  died  in  Fraser,  Idaho.  Her 
ancestors  were  natives  of  Tennessee.  Horace  was 
raised  in  Illinois  until  he  was  thirteen,  and  then  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


family  went  to  Iowa,  thence  in  one  year  to  Missouri, 
and  eight  years  later  they  went  again  to  Iowa,  but 
returned  shortly  to  Missouri.  Our  subject  remained 
with  his  parents  until  the  death  of  the  father,  and  then 
his  mother  resided  with  him  until  her  death.  He 
farmed  and  operated  a  general  store  in  Kansas,  and  in 
1891  he  came  to  Shoshone  county.  Mr.  Noble  soon 
secured  a  homestead  near  Fraser,  which  he  sold  after 
he  had  proved  up  on  it.  This  was  in  1899,  and  then  he 
came  to  Orofino  and  erected  a  fine  stable  and  hotel, 
which  property  was  successful  and  he  sold  it  in  Sep- 
tember 24,  1902.  Mr.  Noble  recently  bought  a  general 
merchandise  establishment  in  Greer,  and  his  sons  are 
operating  it  under  the  style  of  Noble  Brothers.  They 
carry  a  stock  of  five  thousand  dollars  worth  of  well 
assorted  goods  and  conduct  a  prosperous  and  rapidly 
increasing  business.  Our  subject  has  practically  re- 
tired from  business  and  is  part  of  the  time  at  his  home 
in  Orofino  and  part  of  the  time  in  the  store  at  Greer. 
He  also  has  stock  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  &  De- 
velopment Company,  which  is  -valuable.  Mr.  Noble 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  church. 

On  January  21,  1879,  Mr.  Noble  married  Miss 
Charlotte,  daughter  of  John  and  Sophia  (Hilderbrand) 
Stump,  who  are  mentioned  in  this  volume.  Mrs.  Noble 
was  born  in  Indiana  on  November  29,  1859,  and  is  an 
exceedingly  youthful  appearing  lady,  being  the  centre 
of  a  large  circle  of  admiring  friends.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Noble  five,  children  have  been  born,  as  follows : 
John  W.  and  William  H.,  merchants  at  Greer;  Dora, 
a  school  teacher,  but  living  at  home ;  Charles  and  Vallie, 
both  at  home. 


FRANK  J.  EDWARDS.  This  gentleman  is  one 
•of  the  pioneers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  has 
wrought  in  various  capacities  here  since  the  year  1887. 
At  present  he  is  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Glowe,  men- 
tioned in  this  volume,  and  they  conduct  a  saloon  in  their 
own  building,  which  is  also  described  elsewhere  in  the 
•book 

Frank  J.  Edwards  was  born  in  Washington,  Wash- 
ington county,  Iowa,  on  October  18,  1861,  the  son  of 
William  A.  and  Sarah  M.  (Boyer)  Edwards,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  where  the  father  now  dwells,  the  mother 
having  died  when  Frank  J.  was  fifteen.  The  father 
comes  from  Welsh  ancestry  and  a  prominent  old 
Quaker  family.  The  mother  was  from  Holland  Dutch 
extraction.  Our  subject  went  with  his  parents  to 
Pennsylvania  when  he  was  six,  and  in  that  state  he  was 
educated,  completing  a  course  in  the  Quaker  academy 
in  Pennsville.  When  twenty-one  he  went  to  Michi- 
gan and  wrought  in  the  lumber  woods.  The  next  year 
Tie  was  in  Indian  Territory,  and  labored  for  the  gov- 
ernment in  the  Indian  school  until  1887.  In  that  spring 
"he  came  overland  to  Pueblo,  Colorado,  and  thence  by 
rail  to  Wardner,  where  he  went  to  work  on  the  railroad. 
Later  he  took  up  logging,  and  had  to  take  horses,  cattle 
and  a  logging  outfit  for  his  pay  with  Louis  Disher.  He 
bought  the  latter's  interest  and  freighted  from  Old 
Mission  to  the  railroad  camps,  and  in  the  fall  of  1888 
he  sold  and  came  to  Mullan.  He  worked  in  R.  J. 


Rutter's  sawmill,  and  in  1891  worked  in  the  Morning 
mine  mill,  where  later  he  was  night  watchman.  In 
1892  he  bought  a  cigar  store  and  operated  the  same 
until  1897,  except  during  the  panic  of  1893.  Then 
he  visited  in  the  east,  and  in  1897  bought  an  interest  in 
the  Mulland  hotel,  from  D.  F.  Clark,  and  sold  the  same 
back  to  him  in  1900.  In  that  year  Mr.  Edwards 
bought  lots  and  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Glowe  opened 
their  present  business.  He  owns  important  mining 
property  with  Mr.  Glowe.  Mr.  Edwards  has  two  broth- 
ers, Mandes  J.  and  Roy  D. ;  and  one  sister,  Mrs. 
Myrtle  K.  Raup ;  and  one  half-sister,  Elizabeth. 

"  On  June  i,  1899,  at  Missoula,  Montana,  Mr.  Ed- 
wards married  Miss  Selma  Peterson,  a  native  of  Swed- 
en, whose  parents  are  deceased.  She  has  no  relatives 
in  this  country.  They  are  the  parents  of  one  child, — 
Victor  E.  Mr.  Edwards  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  being  past  noble  grand.  Mrs.  Edwards  belongs 
to  the  Lutheran  church,  and  Mr.  Edwards  was  brought 
up  in  the  Quaker  faith. 


MARION  A.  ELLIS.     A  more  enterprising,  stir- 

than'  the  subject  of  this  article  would'  be  hard  to  find, 
even  in  the  pushing  western  camps.  Mr.  Ellis  is  a 
man  of  energy  and  executive  force,  quick  to  perceive 
a  good  thing  and  as  prompt  to  go  after  it,  and  to  crown 
it  all  he  is  possessed  of  the  metal  that  takes  a  man 
clear  through  and  attains  the  object  of  action. 

Marion  A.  Ellis  was  born  in  Coles  county,  Illinois, 
on  February  20,  1869,  being  the  son  of  John  G.  and 
Elizabeth  J.'  (Checkley)  Ellis,  natives  of  Illinois.  At 
present  the  father  is  a  newspaper  man  in  Quenemo, 
Kansas,  owning  and  editing  the  Republican  of  that 
city.  Ht  formerly  bought  grain  and  did  a  general 
merchandise  business,  but  of  late  has  devoted  himself 
exclusively  to  the  newspaper  realm  and  is  now  mayor 
of  his  home  town  and  a  man  of  prominence  and  influ- 
ence. Our  subject's  mother  is  still  living  also. 
Marion  A.  was  educated  in  the  graded  schools  of 
Kansas  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  went  out  in  life  for 
himself.  He  came  west  to  Washington  and  followed 
railroading  for  some  years,  and  then  went  to  buying 
grain.  He  bought  all  over  the  western  country,  and  in 
the  awful  panic  of  1893  he  lost  everything  and  left 
Pullman  for  Pierce,  where  he  has  been  since.  His 
stirring  nature  led  him  at  once  to  the  front,  and  the 
result  is  that  he  is  one  of  the  largest,  if  not  the  largest, 
property  owner  in  the  entire  district.  He  has  a  share 
in  the  Wild  Rose,  owns  and  operates  the  five-stamp 
mill  on  the  Santiago  group  of  quartz  mines,  which  mill 
has  constantly  been  in  operation  for  three  years,  turn- 
ing out  a  handsome  dividend  and  employing  a  dozen 
or  more  men.  Mr.  Ellis  is  interested  in  nearly  even' 
working  mine  in  the  district,  and  his  energy  and  skill 
have  done  an  immeasurable  amount  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  district  and  bringing  it  to  the  eyes  of  capi- 
talists. Mr.  Ellis  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters, 
—Thomas,  clerk  of  the  district  court  in  Osage,  Kansas ; 
Charles,  in  Kansas ;  Roy,  U.  S.  mail  messenger ;  Jessie, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


wife  of  John  E.  O'Brien ;  Kate,  wife  of  James  Irwin, 
both  in   Kansas.      Mr.   Ellis  is  a -Republican  always 

the  principles  of  his  party.  He  is  always  in  the  con- 
ventions, both  county  and  state,  but  never  accepts  office. 
On  February  13,  1897,  Mr.  Ellis  married  Miss 
Adelle  M.,  a  native  of  Danville,  New  York,  and  daugh- 
ter of  Mary  M.  Newton.  Mrs.  Ellis  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister, — Charles,  residing  in  Chicago  and  trav- 
eling attorney  for  Murdoch  &  Company,  wholesale 
grocers  of  that  city :  Ada,  wife  of  John  Roberts,  a  re- 
tired capitalist  of  Denver,  Colorado.  Three  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ellis— Mildred,  Frank 
and  John.  There  is  doubtless  great  credit  due  Mr. 
Ellis  for  the  excellent  work  he  has  done  in  this  camp 
and  the  record  that  he  has  made  as  a  minei*  and  a  pro- 
moter of  properties,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are 
enabled  to  grant  to  him  this  slight  recognition  both  of 
his  ability  and  his  worthy  labors. 


LAURENCE  O'NEIL  is  a  prominent  mining 
man  of  Murray,  and  is  now  attending  to  this  business 
constantly.  He  was  born  in  the  Isle  of  Man  on  June 
22,  1844,'  the  son  of  Bryen  and  Catherine  (McGuire) 
O'Neil,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  died  in  1898, 
and  the  mother  in  1891,  both  in  New  York  city.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and  in  New 
York,  and  when  fourteen  shipped  on  the  schooner 
Eliza  for  Capetown,  Africa.  On  their  return  trip  the 
vessel  was  wrecked  in  the  seas  off  the  east  coast  of 
Ireland,  and  all  hands  were  lost  except  our  subject  and 
the  captain.  After  this  he  shipped  to  Darien  on  an- 
other bark,  Eliza,  and  then  went  to  work  on  the  Nica- 
ragua river,  steamboating.  Six  months  later  he  took 
the  yellow  fever,  and  after  four  months  came  thence 
to  San  Francisco,  California.  He  did  ranch  work, 
then  went  to  mining  in  the  Mokel  river,  after  three 
years  going  to  White  Pine,  Nevada.  He  was  in 
Pioche,  Lake  City,  Black  Hills,  and  in  1884  came  into 
Murray.  He  arrived  on  the  sixth  of  May  and  soon 
opened  a  saloon.  In  1885  he  sold  out  and  prospected 
and  mined,  and  in  these  related  industries  he  has  been 
•engaged  since.  Mr.  O'Neil  located  the  Bay  State 
group  on  September  27,  1885.  He  located  the  Apex, 
Croen  Point,  Blackhawk,  Alice  and  others.  He  is  now 
interested  in  several  gold  and  silver  propositions  and 
some  silver  and  lead  propositions  also.  Mr.  O'Neill 
is  a  director  in  the  Spokane  Mining  Company,  and  also 
in  assisting  to  manage  others.  Mr.  O'Neil  has  one 
brother,  Michael. 

At  Spearfish.  South  Dakota,  in  1882,  Mr.  O'Neill 
married  Miss  Mary  Flowton,  native  of  Sweden.  She 
has  two  sisters  in  Montana.  Three  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  O'Neal, — Alice,  born  August 
22,  1884,  in  Murray,  being  the  first  child  born  in  the 
town;  Leo,  born  in  1886;  and  Pearl,  born  in  1887. 
Mr.  O'Neil  is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church 
and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Lutheran  denomination. 
Mr.  O'Neil  remarks  that  when  he  came  to  the  sum- 
mit he  was  astonished  that  the  men  would  climb  the 


trees  and  cut  them  so  high  in  the  air,  some  being  cut ' 
oft"  eighteen  feet  from  the  ground.  He  discovered  in. 
the  winter  that  one  could  cut  the  trees  standing  on  the 
snow  eighteen  feet  deep. 


JOHN  A.  GLOWE  is  the  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  Glowe  &  Edwards,  who  operate  a  fine  saloon  in. 
Mullan,  which  will  compare  favorably  with  any  place 
in  the  entire  county.  They  own  a  three-story  building, 
forty-eight  by  sixty-five,  and  well  located.  One-half 
of  the  first  story  is  utilized  for  their  business  and  the 
other  is  rented,  while  the  upper  stories  are  fitted  up  for 
public  halls  and  lodge  rooms. 

John  A.  Glowe  was  born  in  Germany  on  August 
16,  1859,  the  son  of  Martin  and  Anna  (Wiese)  Glowe, 
natives  also  of  the  Fatherland,  but  now  deceased.  The 
mother  passed  away  in  1898.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated and  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  place  and  in 
1876  came  to  the  United  States.  He  worked  at  van-, 
ous  employments  in  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  New  Orleans 
and  other  central  points,  and  in  1886  came  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country.  He  at  once  gave  his  attention  to 
mining  and  prospecting,  and  is  thoroughly  familiar 
with  the  various  sections  of  this  district.  In  1880  Mr. 
Glowe  started  a  shingle  mill  n 
the  same  successfully  until  : 


took  up  the  saloon  business. 

ey,  now  deceased.     In  1900  Mr.  Glowe  took  as 


Mullan  and  operated 
,  when  he  sold  and 
was  Peter 


took  up  the  s 
Cahnbley,  np\ 

partner  Frank  J.  Edwards,  and  they  erected  the  build- 
ing mentioned.  Mr.  Glowe  is  treasurer  of  the  Ameri- 
can Commander  Mining  Company,  which  owns  two 
patented  claims  and  a  fraction  adjoining  the  Hunter 
mines.  The  company  is  pushing  development  work 
rapidly,  already  having  over  six  hundred  feet  of  tun- 
neling. The  property  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
valuable  here,  and  is  to  be  one  of  the  heavy  producers. 
Mr.  Glowe  has  one  brothers  and  two  sisters, — 
Adolph,  Caroline  Greening  and  Tillie  Faust.  Mr. 
Glowe  has  never  been  induced  to  retire  from  the  sub- 
stantial pleasures  of  the  bachelor.  He  is  past  noble 
grand  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  in  political  matters  is  a 
Republican,  but  is  a  very  liberal  and  independent 
thinker,  not  bound  by  any  party  shackles,  but  only 
holding  to  those  tenets  which  can  be  established  by  good 
logic. 

LOUIS  A.  NOYES.  This  well  and  favorably 
known  gentleman  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  capable 
residents  of  southern  Shoshone  county  whose  labors 
have  done  much  toward  the  upbuilding  and  develop- 
ment of  the  country,  while  in  all  lines  of  progress  and 
enterprise  he  is  counted  one  of  the  foremost  and  strong 

Louis  A.  Noyes  was  born  in  Ionia  county,  Michigan, 
on  January  14,"  1852,  being  the  son  of  Hiram  K.  and 
Susan  (Bourn)  Noyes,  who  are  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  this  volume.  Louis  was  educated  in  the  district 
schools  of  his  native  place,  and  his  energy  led  him 
to  learn  the  trade  of  painting  while  he  was  still  young. 


HISTORY   OF  NORTH    IDAHO. 


he 
hei 


Having  mastered  the  intricacies  of  the  art,  he  wrought 
at  it  in  various  places.  All  through  the  eastern  and 
southwestern  states  he  did  good  business,  and  in  1884 
e  made  his  way  to  Colfax,  Washington.  In  that  city 
e  wrought  by  the  day,  and  also  did  much  contracting 
,/ork.  He  was  well  known  there  and  considered  one 
of  the  substantial  business  men  of  the  place.  In  1895 
he  came  thence  to  his  present  place,  seven  miles  south- 
west from  Weippe.  He  has  a  quarter  section  of  unsur- 
veyed  land,  or  rather  unplatted  land,  which  he  is  mak- 
ing a  good  home  place.  He  is  frequently  found  at  the 
home  of  his  mother.  Mrs.  Noyes,  who  dwells  near  by. 
Mr.  Noyes  is  an  enthusiastic  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  in  Colfax,  and  stands  well  there,  as  also  he  does 
in  his  present  place.  He  is  a  man  of  energy  and 
enterprise  and  good  qualities  of  integrity  and  worth, 
while  his  life  of  faithful  labor  and  thrift  have  placed 
him  as  one  of  the  prosperous  ones  of  the  community. 

As  yet  Mr.  Noyes  has  not  taken  his  leave  of  the 
ranks  of  the  celibatarians  of  the  county  to  venture 
on  the  uncertain  seas  of  matrimony.  But  the  bliss  of 
the  more  excellent  relation  is  yet  for  him  to  enjoy, 
having  sounded  to  its  depth  the  life  of  the  bachelor. 


CHARLES  H.  TALBOT  was  born  in  Springfield, 
Illinois,  on  May  13,  1845,  being  the  son  of  William 
H.  and  Matilda  (Envart)  Talbot.  natives,  respectively, 
of  Kentucky  and  Illinois.  The  father  came  to  Illinois 
with  his  parents,  who  were  natives  of  Virginia,  and  he 
learned  the  blacksmith  trade  and  operated  a  large 
blacksmith  and  wagon  shop.  He  is  now  dead.  The 
paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  recorder  of 
Sangamon  county,  Illinois,  for  thirty  years.  The 
mother  of  Charles  died  when  he  was  fourteen.  He 
was  educated  in  the  Springfield  schools  and  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  enlisted  in  Company  K.  One  Hundred 
and  Twenty-fourth  Illinois  Infantry,  captained  by 
Stephen  W.  Saunders,  and  whose  colonel  was  John  H. 
Howe.  Mr.  Talbot  participated  in  the  battles  of  Ft. 
Gibson,  Raymond,  Jackson,  Black  River  Bridge,  Vicks- 
burg,  Benton,  and  was  in  the  siege  of  Mobile.  He  saw 
three  years  of  hard,  active  service  and  conducted  himself 
with  display  of  valor  and  courage.  Following  the  war 
he  went  to  work  for  his  uncle  and  in  1879  ne  was  m  the 
vicinfty  of  Joplin,  in  mining  and  other  enterprises. 
In  1893  Mr.  Talbot  came  to  Leland  and  thence  to  his 
present  place,  where  he  resides  on  the  farm  of  his 
wife's  mother,  Mrs.  Noyes. 

On  April  n,  1889,  Mr.  Talbot  married  Mrs.  Ruby 
Baily,  widow  of  Daniel  Baily,  and  daughter  of  Hiram 
K.  and  Susan  (Bourn)  Noyes.  Mr.  Noyes  was  born 
in  Vermont,  as  also  were  his  ancestors,  who  were  a 
prominent  New  England  family  of  Scotch  extraction. 
Mrs.  Noyes  was  born  in  Canada  on  March  28,  1820. 
Her  parents  had  crossed  the  border  from  Vermont  in 
1812,  the  father  being  a  native  of  Vermont  and  her 
mother  of  Connecticut.  Mrs.  Noyes  was  married  in 
Potton,  Canada,  five  miles  from  the  boundary  of  the 
United  States.  She  is  now  living  with  her  daughter 
and  son-in-law,  seven  miles  southwest  from  Weippe, 


on  a  homestead  which  has  not  yet  been  platted.  Mrs. 
Noyes  has  the  following  children:  William  G.,  in 
Missouri ;  Sansford  W..  in  Illinois ;  Louis  A.,  with  her ; 
Charles  E.,  in  Oklahoma ;  Frank  W.,  in  Missouri ;  Lucy 
A.,  widow  of  Mr.  Young,  in  Clarke  county,  Illinois;, 
Rosepha  H.,  wife  of  Asam  Baron,  in  Indianapolis; 
Etta  M.,  wife  of  John  Shriner.  Mrs.  Talbot  was  born, 
in  Ionia  county,  Michigan,  on  November  16,  1858. 


RICHARD  P.  BACON  is  one  of  the  old-time 
prospectors  of  the  Coeur  dAlene  country,  and  is  now 
devoting  his  attention  to  mining  and  prospecting.  He 
was  born  in  Arkansas  on  August  16,  1849,  tne  son  of 
John  D.  and' Sarah  A.  (Brewer)  Bacon.  The  father 
was  born  in  Arkansas  and  comes  from  an  old  Virginia 
family.  He  assisted  to  erect  the  first  house  at  Hot 
Springs,  Arkansas.  The  mother  was  born  in  Tennes- 
see, and  was  married  in  Arkansas.  The  parents- 
crossed  the  plains  in  1853  in  a  train  of  three  hundred 
wagons.  Our  subject  received  his  education  and  was 
reared  in  the  Golden  State.  He  mined  with  his  father 
and  in  July,  1871,  he  went  to  Nevada  with  cattle  and 
later  returned  to  California.  He  followed  handling 
stock  and  butchering  for  five  years,  and  in  1886  came 
to  the  Snake  river.  He  did  placer  work  and  was  suc- 
cessful, arid  on  February  3,  1887,  he  landed  in  Murray 
with  his  brother,  John.  They  cleaned  up  a  mile  and  a 
half  of  ditch  and  ran  a  pipe  for  twenty  days  and  cleaned 
up  with  nine  dollars  and  fifty  cents.  Then  they  went 
to  Libby  creek  excitement,  and  later  we  see  our  sub- 
ject in  Thompson  Falls.  He  worked  in  a  sawmill  there 
until  1889,  and  then  went  to  Murray  and  took  part 
with  Dustin  and  Cunningham  in  placer  mining.  He 
also  leased  the  Louisville  hotel,  and  here  his  family 
operated  while  he  was  with  the  placer  company,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  the  mine  did  well.  All  told,, 
the  mine  turned  out  about  fifty  thousand  dollars  and 
then  it  was  sold  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Mining  Com- 
pany. Since  then  Mr.  Bacon  has  devoted  himself  to- 
placer  mining  and  prospecting  and  has  been  favored 
with  varying  success.  He  has  four  brothers, — John 
H.,  William,  Jesse,  Frank  and  one  sister —Mary  M., 
deceased. 

In  Tuscarora,  Nevada,  Mr.  Bacon  married  Miss 
Nellie  L.,  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Combs, 
natives  of  Missouri.  The  father  is  deceased,  and 
the  mother  lives  in  Eugene,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Bacon, 
has  two  sisters, — Alice,  wife  of  John  H.  Bacon;  El- 
freda,  wife  of  George  Watkins.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bacon,— Effa,  born  Janu- 
ary 23,  1882:  Grace,  born  February  28,  1884.  The 
latter  is  attending  school  in  Eugene,  Oregon. 


CHARLES  F.  DICKINSON.  This  substantial 
and  thrifty  agriculturist  dwells  on  his  estate  seven 
miles  southeast  from  Fraser,  which  he  took  as  a  home- 
stead on  March  28,  1892,  it  being  then  one  mass  of 
wild  woods.  He  has  cleared  a  portion  and  made  a 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1141 


comfortable  and  tasty  home,  while  he  is  also  one  of  the 
influential  and  leading  men  of  this  section. 

Charles  F.  Dickinson  was  born  in  Cattaraugus 
<ounty,  New  York,  on  August  22,  1850,  being  the  son 
of  James  W.  and  Lydia  (Jones)  Dickinson,  natives  of 
New  York.  The  father  served  in  the  Civil  war  as 
one  of  the  Iowa  regulars,  and  was  on  the  memorable 
march  to  the  sea.  He  died  in  February,  1885.  Charles 
was  reared  in  New  York  until  ten,  when  the  family 
came  to  Iowa,  where  he  finished  his  education  and 
toiled  on  the  farm  until  1884.  In  that  year  he  went  to 
Nebraska,  where  he  dwelt  eight  years,  and  from  that 
place  Mr.  Dickinson  came  to  his  Idaho  home.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  general  farming  he  raises  some  stock,  and 
<loes  dairying.  Mr.  Dickinson  has  one  brother,  Syl- 
vester P.,  and  one  sister,  Levina,  both  married  and  liv- 
ing in  Iowa.  Mr.  Dickinson  is  a  Democrat,  and  al- 
ways shows  a  good  intelligence  and  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  land. 

On  June  17,  1875,  at  Van  Meter,  Iowa,  Mr.  Dick- 
inson married  Miss  Velma  N.,  daughter  of  Loren  L. 
and  Maria  (Sylvus)  Thomas,  natives  of  Ohio.  The 
father  was  in  Company  A,  of  the  Iowa  Volunteers,  and 
served  for  two  years,  being  finally  discharged  on  ac- 
count of  failing  eyes.  He  died  in  Iowa  in  July,  1901. 
The  mother  was  married  in  Ohio,  and  died  when  Mrs. 
Dickinson  was  fourteen  years  old.  Mrs.  Dickinson 
-was  born  on  March  27,  1856,  and  has  three  brothers  and 
two  sisters.— Leroy  D.,  Isaac  W.,  Franklin  D.,  Mary 
J.  Lang,  Harriet  A.  McBride,  all  in  Iowa.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Dickinson  there  have  been  born  three  chil- 
dren,—Albert  D.,  born  March  16,  1876,  now  dwelling 
on  some  unsurveyed  land  close  by,  and  a  young  man  of 
-excellent  principles:  Hattie  M.,  born  November  29, 
1879,  now  attending  business  college  in  Spokane  and 
giving  promise  of  a  successful  future;  Gertie  E.,  the 
youngest  of  the  family,  born  August  16,  1882,  and  now 
at  home,  although  she  has  successfully  passed  the  ex- 
amination for  teacher's  certificate  and  intends  to  take  up 
that  worthy  labor  soon. 


BURD  P.  POTT  was  born  in  Pottsville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  March  2,  1831,  the  son  of  Abraham  and 
Elizabeth  (Christian)  Pott,  natives  of  Berks  county, 
and  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  The  father 
was  one  of  the  first  to  mine  and  handle  anthracite  coal. 
He  built  the  first  railroad  in  the  United  States,  it  be- 
ing in  1827,  and  located  at  the  head  of  navigation  on 
the  Schuylkill  river  and  went  up  Black  valley  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile.  It  was  utilized  in  hauling  supplies 
to  the  mines  and  the  coal  down,  and  horses  were  the 
power  used.  He  discovered  coal  when  digging  for  a 
foundation  to  a  grist  mill  and  later  discovered  many 
fine  mines  and  owned  fourteen  thousand  acres  of  coal 
land.  The  value  of  the  mineral  was  not  then  known 
and  our  subject's  father,  the  son  of  the  gentleman  of 
whom  we  are  speaking,  mined  it  after  his  father's 
-death.  The  family  lived  at  Valley  Forge  and  General 
Washington  made  his  headquarters  at  the  house  of  our 
subject's  grandfather.  He  owned  a  furnace  and  foun- 


dry and  made  cannon  balls  for  the  patriots.  He  was 
a  wealthy  man  in  those  days  and  Pottsville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  named  after  him.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
iron  manufacturers  in  the  United  States  and  some  of 
his  work  is  on  exhibition  in  the  Pennsylvania  museum, 
and  his  name,  John  Pott,  1755,  with  a  German  quota- 
tion, is  cast  thereon.  Our  subject's  father  was  born  in 
Oley,  Pennsylvania,  in  1799,  and  died  in  1882.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  descended  from  a  prominent 
old  Dutch  family  and  she  died  in  1885,  aged  eighty- 
four.  Our  subject  lived  in  Pennsylvania  until  twenty- 
one,  gaming  a  good  education  and  learning  the  black- 
smith trade.  He  crossed  the  plains  in  1852  to  Sacra- 
mento and  wrought  at  his  trade  in  Carson,  a  placer 
camp.  Nine  months  later  he  was  on  Poverty  bar,  on 
the  south  fork  of  the  American  river,  mining,  then  went 
to  the  redwoods  and  wrought  in  a  sawmill,  then  came 
to  southern  Oregon  in  1855.  In  1857  he  was  lieuten- 
ant of  the  militia  under  Captain  O.  T.  Root  and  served 
seven  months  in  the  Second  Rogue  river  war.  Follow- 
ing this  he  worked  at  his  trade  in  Kirbyville,  Oregon, 
then  returned  home  and  married  and  came  to  Oregon 
in  1858,  settling  in  the  Rogue  river  valley  until  1863. 
Then  he  came  to  Umatilla  'county  and  in  1864  went 
to  Boise,  engaging  in  the  merchandise  business.  Thence 
he  went  east  with  his  family  and  visited  and  incident- 
ally bored  thirteen  oil  wells  and  sunk  twenty-five 
thousand  dollars  in  an  unsuccessful  search.  He  struck 
one  of  the  best  gas  wells  but  did  not  profit  from  that. 
He  worked  at  his  trade  again  and  in  1868  prospected 
for  coal  on  the  Union  Pacific  route.  He  found  lignite 
but  no  coal.  He  worked  at  his  trade  in  each  town  as 
the  road  progressed  until  they  hung  three  men  on  a 
beam  of  his  cabin  without  his  consent,  then  he  re- 
turned to  Fremont,  Nebraska,  and  wrought  at  his  trade. 
Next  we  see  him  in  Pennsylvania,  then  in  the  Black 
Hills  in  1876,  in  the  Big  Horn  excitement  and  in  1878 
in  Bozeman.  Here  he  wrought  for  the  government 
for  three  years  and  a  half  in  the  shop  and  in  1884  he 
went  to  Thompson  Falls,  Montana.  He  grubstaked 
a  prospector  who  located  the  Morning  and  Evening 
mines  in  the  Mullan  district.  In  August  of  that  year 
Mr.  Pott  came  on  to  look  after  his  property.  They 
put  in  a  tunnel  eighty  feet,  took  out  five "  hundred 
pounds  of  chloride  and'shinped  it  to  Butte.  This  went 
one  hundred  and  fifty-eight  ounces  to  the  ton.  After 
paying  expenses  they  had  two  cents  left  and  stopped 
work.  Mr.  Pott  went  to  Butte,  came  back  in  the  spring 
md  prospected  and  discovered  the  first  galena  on 
Chloride  hill.  He  sent  for  his  partners  and  they  went 
in  one  hundred  feet  but  discovered  nothing.  They 
bonded  for  fiftv  thousand  dollars  with  Walker  brothers 
in  Salt  Lake  City  but  the  death  of  one  of  the  brothers 
put  off  the  deal.  Owing  to  disagreements  of  different 
irtners,  there  being  eight,  the  property  was  never 
.Id  although  bonded  many  times.  Finally  Warren 
Hussey  bought  the  Evening  claim  outright,  securing 
:h  man's  share  separately.  Our  subject  realized 
eight  thousand  dollars.  Hussey  bonded  the  Morning 
claim  for  twelve  thousand  dollars  and  took  up  the  bond 
'hen  due.-  He  sold  to  a  Milwaukee  company  and  they 
sold  to  the  present  owners.  Our  subject  located  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Independence  which  he  sold  for  twenty  thousand 
dollars  in  1899.  In  January,  1903,  he  sold  a  fourth 
of  the  Lucky  Friday  for  seven  hundred  and  fifty  dollars, 
which  disposes  of  all  of  Mr.  Pott's  interest  in  mines. 
He  has  two  residences  and  business  property  in  Wal- 
lace, business  property  and  his  residence  in  Mullan 
besides  other  property.  He  has  three  brothers,  John, 
Zaccur,  William  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Sarah  Deyo. 

On  March  15,  1858,  Mr.  Pott  married  Miss  Lydia, 
daughter  of  John  and  Esther  Jones,  natives  of  Breck- 
enshire,  south  Wales.  The  father  was  a  noted  me- 
chanic and  superintendent  of  large  works  in  Pottsville. 
This  wedding  occurred  in  Pottsville  and  Mrs.  Fort 
was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Mrs.  Pott  has  one  sis- 
ter, Mrs.  Mary  McGinnis.  Mr.  Pott  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  1'.  and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Episcopalian 
church.  Mr.  Pott  is  a  Republican  and  is  always  active 
in  the  campaigns.  He  was  coroner  in  southern  Ore- 
gon, postmaster  at  Mullan,  also  justice  of  the  peace 
and  notary  here  and  has  several  times  been  to  the  con- 
ventions. Mr.  Pott  has  retired  from  the  more  ardu- 
ous activities  of  life  and  is  enjoying  the  competence 
that  his  industry  and  sagacity  have  gotten  in  the  busi- 
ness world. 


HOWARD  T.  TUPPER  is  a  man  who  has  won 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all  who  know  him,  while 
he  has  also  commanded  the  respect  of  every  one  who 
has  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance,  being  a  man  of 
sterling  integrity  and  uprightness,  which  he  has  mani- 
fested in  an  industrious  career  among  the  residents 
of  southern  Shoshone  county. 

Howard  T.  Tupper  was  born  in  Kalamazoo  county, 
Michigan,  on  September  28,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Nel- 
son and  Lorena  (Lock wood)  Tupper,  who  are  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  volume.  He  was  raised  in 
Michigan  until  school  days  began  and  then  the  family 
migrated  to  Kansas,  where  he  completed  his  education 
and  then  went  to  work  with  his  brother  in  renting 
land  which  they  farmed.  This  continued  for  about  nine 
years,  when  he  came  to  his  present  place,  about  three 
and  one-half  miles  southeast  from  Eraser.  He  took 
his  land  by  homestead,  1888  being  the  year  of  his  set- 
tling here.  He  has  fifty  acres  cleared  and  the  balance 
is  good  timber.  Mr.  Tupper  also  owns  half  of  another 
quarter  section  with  his  brother.  He  does  a  general 
farming  business  and  handles  some  stock.  Mr.  Tupper 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  Chauncy  and 
Byron,  on  the  Potlatch ;  Adell,  wife  of  John  W.  Clark, 
near  Weippe ;  Adelia,  wife  of  Samuel  C.  Feed ;  Alice, 
wife  of  Milo  L.  George;  Ellen,  wife  of  John  S.  Harri- 
son, a  farmer  in  Michigan ;  Edwin,  at  Ypsilanti,  Michi- 
gan. 

On  December  20,  1893,  Mn  Tupper  married  Miss 
Minnie  E.,  daughter  of  James  T.  and  Sarah  (Burrows) 
Ferree,  natives  of  Illinois  and  England,  respectively, 
and  now  living  on  the  Lolo,  near  by.  Mrs.  Tupper  was 
born  in  Nebraska,  in  December,  1873,  and  she  has  two 
brothers  and  one  sister,  Edgar,  Ernest,  Dora,  all  at 
home.  Mr.  Tupper  and  his  wife  have  been  blessed 
by  the  advent  of  three  children,  named  as  follows: 


Warren,  Otto  and  James..'  Mr.  Tupper  is  a  man  of 
intelligence  and  reliability  and  is  prospered  in  his 
labors,  because  of  his  thrift,  industry  and  wisdom. 


MOSES  S.  SIMMONS  deserves  much  credit  for 
(he  enterprise  and  energy  manifested  in  his  labors  for 
the  development  and  upbuilding  of  the  Murray  country- 
and  he  stands  today  one  of  the  prosperous  mine  own- 
ers and  operators  of  the  section.  Moses  S.  Simmons- 
was  born  in  Georgia,  on  April  18,  1844,  the  son  of 
Charles  and  Hulda  (Williamson)  Simmons.  The 
father  came  from  a  prominent  North  Carolina  family 
which  did  noble  work  in  the  Revolution.  He  died  in 
Georgia,  in  1890.  The  mother  was  a  native  of  Georgia 
and  died  in  1861.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  his 
native  place  and  in  1872  went  to  Utah  and  did  mining 
and  also  handled  a  mercantile  business.  He  prospered 
for  ten  years  there  and  then  went  to  Montana,  but  in  a 
couple  of  years  was  back  in  Salt  Lake  City.  He  took 
up  the  sheep  business  there  for  a  year  and  in  1887  came 
to  Murray.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Simmons  has  de- 
voted himself  to  mining  with  an  interest  and  skill  that 
have  wrought  a  gratifying  success  and  placed  him- 
among  the  leaders  of  the  camp.  He  is  associated  with 
his  brother  Adam  T.  and  they  have  bought  and  sold: 
much  ground  in  the  placer  line  as  well  as  handling 
considerable  property  in  quartz.  They,  with  David 
Avery,  own  the  Bear  Gulch  group,  the  Bald  Mountain, 

froup  and  much  other  promising  property.  In  1896 
Ir.  Simmons  was  elected  county  commissioner  and  for 
three  successive  terms  he  served  in  that  office  upon  the/ " 
invitation  of  the  people  at  the  polls.  Mr.  Simmons 
did  excellent  service  and  won  for  himself  the  con- 
fidence and  approval  of  all  substantial  people  of  the 
county.  He  has  always  been  an  active  Democrat  but 
in  one  of  the  campaigns  he  also  received  the  Populist 
vote.  Mr.  Simmons  has  one  brother  besides  the  one 
with  him,  Vestal  L.  His  brother,  Adam  T.,  is  a  single 
man  and  resides  with  our  subject  in  Murray.  They 
are  both  keen,  substantial  mining  men  of  worth  and 
good  standing.  Mr.  Simmons  has  two  sisters,  Ophe- 
lia Duncan,  Ella  Woodliff. 

In  North  Carolina,  on  May  22,  1899,  Mr.  Simmons 
married  Miss  Frazier  Thome,  a  native  of  North  Caro- 
lina. She  died  in  Murray  in  1901,  aged  thirty-nine. 
She  was  a  woman  of  noble  qualities  and  was  beloved 
by  all.  She  left  one  child,  Ray,  who  is  a  bright  boy. 


ETHELBERT  W.  SWAILS,  who  is  doing  a  good 
business  as  millwright  and  builder,  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  Murray  and  is  of  excellent  stand- 
ing among  all.  He  was  born  in  Keokuk  county,  Iowa, 
on  August  25,  1865.  His  parents  were  natives 'of  Ohio, 
and  pioneers  of  Iowa.  The  father  enlisted  in  the  sec- 
ond year  of  the  Rebellion  and  served  in  the  railroad 
repair  shops  in  Marshall,  Tennessee.  He  had  three 
brothers  in  active  service,  one,  Darius,  carries  a  bul- 
let in  his  head  yet.  The  father  died  in  Iowa,  in  1901. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


The  mother  lives  in  Iowa  now.  Our  subject  was  r.eared 
in  Sigourney,  Iowa,  and  received  a  good  education 
from  the  graded  schools.  When  eighteen  he  entered 
his  father's  planing  mill,  and  also  learned  the  trade 
that  he  is  now  following.  In  1887,  he  went  to  Kansas 
and  then  on  to  Denver,  where  he  followed  his  trade 
for  seven  years.  October,  1893,  marks  the  date  when 
he  landed  in  Murray  and  since  that  time  he  has  con- 
tinued here  with  good  success  in  his  endeavors.  He 
owns  a  fine  cottage  home  and  also  a  good  shop  and 
other  out  buildings.  He  is  interested  in  the  Daisy 
claims  and  in  the  Granite  creek  lead  and  silver  propo- 
sition. Mr.  Swails  also  has  stock  in  the  Granite  Alley 
Company  and  other  interests.  He  does  millwright 
work  all  over  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  is  known 
as  a  skillful  and  substantial  tradesman.  Mr.  Swails 
has  four  brothers :  Loyd  A.,  David,  James,  Joseph  and 
two  sisters :  Laura  Rishel,  Antoinette  Mants. 

On  December  25,  1894,  in  Spokane,  Washington, 
Mr.  Swails  married  Miss  Mamie  Kane,  whose  parents 
were  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  now  lives  in  Brook- 
ville,  but  the  mother  died  in  1892.  Mrs.  Swails  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  and  has  one  brother  and  three 
sisters,  William,  Delia  Moody,  Katie  Widen,  Nellie. 
Two  children  are  the  fruit  of  this  marriage,  Lloyd  E., 
born  July  26,  1896;  Mary  L.,  born  June  2,  1899.  Mr. 
Swails  has  been  school  director  for  two  terms  and  is  a 
popular  officer. 


CHARLES  W.  HARTMAN.  A  prosperous  far- 
mer and  well  known  business  man,  whose  place,  fa- 
miliar alike  to  prospectors  and  tourists,  lies  twelve 
miles  east  from  Weippe,  on  the  Musselshell,  and  is 
both  a  commodious  farm  place  and  a  stopping  place 
for  the  people  mentioned.  Mr.  Hartman  also  does  a 
good  business  in  the  grocery  line  and  in  outfitting  pros- 
pectors. He  handles  much  stock  and  does  dairying, 
while  his  cattle  are  of  the  thoroughbred  Durham 
breed,  and  the  entire  premises  and  various  businesses 
transacted  manifest  thoroughly  the  ability  and  enter- 
prise of  the  proprietor. 

Charles  W.  Hartman  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany, 
on  March  31,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Leopold  and 
Sophie  (Grichman)  Hartman.  natives  of  Baden,  Ger- 
many. The  father  came  with  his  family  to  the  United 
States  in  1867  and  now  lives  at  Falls  City,  Neb- 
raska. The  mother  died  in  Falls  City,  Nebraska,  about 
1892.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Wisconsin,  where  the 
family  lived  the  first  six  years  in  the  United  States 
and  then  they  all  moved  to  Nebraska.  Charles  gained 
his  education  in  both  these  places  and  in  March,  1887, 
he  started  out  for  himself.  His  first  trip  was  to  Spo- 
kane, whence  he  went  to  Montana  for  one  year  and. 
then  returned  to  Spokane  for  six  years.  In  April,  1894, 
he  was  found  in  Bonners  Ferry,  Idaho,  and  thence  in 
1896  he  came  to  his  present  place,  which  he  took  as 
a  homestead.  One  hundred  acres  are  meadow  and  the 
balance  timber.  Mr.  Hartman  is  near  the  famous 
Lolo  trail  and  the  regions  adjacent  to  his  premises  are 
noted  for  excellent  game  as  is  the  Musselshell  for  its 
abundance  of  trout. 


Mr.  Hartman  has  two  brothers  and  four  sisters, 
Fred,  in  Falls  City,  Nebraska;  Henry,  in  Spokane; 
Mary,  wife  of  Frank  Garwick,  in  Falls  City;  Louisa, 
wife  of  August  Zimmerman,  in  Spokane;  Sophie, 
wife  of  Albert  Kuhlman,  in  Falls  City ;  Annie,  wife  of 
Wilhelm  Zimmerman,  also  in  Falls  City.  Mr.  Hartman 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  German  Lutherans 
church  and  in  politics,  he  is  a  Republican. 

At  Spokane,  on  April  17,  1894,  Mr.  Hartman  mar- 
ried Miss  Lena,  daughter  of  Gustav  and  Frederika 
(Zander)  Hertel.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Saxony, 
served  in  the  Austrian  war  of  1866  and  the  Franco- 
Prussian  war,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1880,  and 
now  lives  in  Lincoln  county,  Washington,  and  owns 
twelve  hundred  acres  of  wheat  land.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Prussia,  was  married  in  Saxony  and  is  still 
living  in  Lincoln  county.  Mrs.  Hartman  has  two- 
brothers  and  five  sisters,  Gustav,  in  Princeton  Idaho " 
Alfred,  at  Edwall,  Washington :  Ida,  wife  of  Charles 
Shy,  in  Kansas ;  Annie,  wife  of  Andrew  C.  Tohnson, 
in  Edwall ;  Freda,  Lizzie  and  Ella.  Four  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hartman;  Clara,  Albert, 
William  and  John. 


JOHN  H.  FOSS,  one  of  the  leading  mining  mert 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  is  located  at  Mullan  and 
is  eminently  deserving  of  representation  in  the  his- 
tory of  this  county  since  he  is  a  man  of  personal  worth 
and  ability,  has  wrought  with  sagacity  and  energy  to> 
build  'up  and  bring  to  the  front  this  section,  and  is, 
now  one  of  the  leading  promoters  of  mining  interests 
in  the  state  and  is  operating  throughout  the  northwest. 

John  H.  Foss  was  born  in  Norway,  January  7, 
1863,  the  son  of  Hans  C.  and  Ingar  (Hansen)  Foss,. 
natives  of  Norway  where  they  now  reside.  The  father 

was  possessed  of  the  native  courage  and  energy  of  his. 
race  and  early  finished  a  good  educational  training  and 
then  devoted  himself  to  mining.  In  1881  he  came  to 
the  United  States  and  after  six  months  in  Wisconsin 
he  came  to  Montana  and  went  to  mining.  In  that 
state  and  here  he  has  spent  his  time  since.  Mr.  Foss 
is  a  practical  man  and  goes  personally  to  the  moun- 
tains and  searches  for  the  hidden  veins,  and  in  this  he 
has  been  successful,  and  then  also  he  has  the  ability  to. 
take  the  prospect  and  make  of  it  a  mine,  ready  for  the 
investor.  He  came  to  Mullan  in  1885  with  his  part- 
ner, George  Hammond,  now  deceased,  and  formerly 
one  of  the  substantial  mining  men  of  this  section.  Mr. 
Foss  has  prospected  these  regions,  located  properties- 
and  developed  the  same  and  has  made  some  excellent 
sales  of  these  properties.  He  is  at  present  interested 
in  some  copper  properties  in  the  Monte  Cristo  dis- 
trict in  the  Cascades,  the  Alice,  Mayflower  and  the 
White  Pine  group,  with  H.  [.  Rice,  treasurer  of  Sho- 
shone  county.  Mr.  Foss  has  three  brothers,  Peter 
H.,  Christian  C.,  Michael. 

On  December  5,  1890,  at  Buffalo,  Xevv  York,  Mr. 
Foss  married  Miss  Alice  C.,  daughter  of  Abraham  and 
Katherine  Hammond,  both  deceased.  She  has  three 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


brothers,  Abraham,  Henry,  Edward,  and  one  sister, 
Mrs.  Mary  Kelly.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Foss  two  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  George  and  Henry,  aged  eleven 
and  six  respectively.  Mr.  Foss  is  prominently  allied 
in  fraternal  associations,  being  past  workman  of  the 
A.  O.  II.  W.,  a  member  of  the  W.  W.  and  of  the 
Elks.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  always  takes  an 
active  part  in  the  campaigns  and  is  a  familiar  and  in- 
fluential figure  in  the  conventions.  He  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Catholic  church.  . 


PETER  E.  PETERSON  is  one  of  the  finest  speci- 
mens of  physical  perfection  that  one  is  able  to  find, 
being  a  man  of  strong  constitution  and  having  devel- 
oped himself  in  a  first  class  manner.  He  is  at  the 
present  time  owner  of  a  good  estate,  four  and  one-half 
miles  southwest  from  Weippe,  where  he  does  diversi- 
fied farming  and  raises  stock. 

Peter  E.  Peterson  was  bom  in  Sweden,  on  April 
21,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Peter  and  Johanna  (Pierson) 
Peterson,  natives  also  of  Sweden.  The  father  came  to 
Quebec,  Canada,  in  1880,  with  his  family,  and  thence 
to  Minnesota.  He  died  on  April  10,  1893,  aged  seventy- 
two.  His  widow  flied  October  15,  1893,  aged  seventy- 
two.  These  deaths  occurred  at  Weippe.  Our  sub- 
ject was  educated  in  Sweden  and  after  coming  to  Min- 
nesota attended  school  for  a  short  time  to  learn  the 
English  language.  In  1888  he  came  to  Spokane,  his 
parents  joining  him  later.  He  worked  in  the  C.  &  C. 
mill  for  four  years,  and  during  this  time  came  to 
Weippe.  At  once  he  was  struck  with  the  country,  it 
being  so  much  like  his  native  land.  Returning  to 
Spokane  for  a  few  weeks,  he  then  came  and  filed  on 
his  present  place,  to  which  he  soon  removed  his  parents. 
Mr.  Peterson  has  three  sisters :  Carrie,  wife  of  Charles 
Dahl,  a  gardener  in  Spokane  county;  Signa,  wife  of 
Ole  Berg,  in  Minnesota;  Annie,  wife  of  Andrew 
Hendrickson,  near  Weippe. 

On  October  31,  1900,  Mr.  Peterson  married  Miss 
Maria,  daughter  of  fohann  and  Gustava  (Johnson) 
Tohanson,  natives  of  Sweden.  The  father  died  in 
December,  1868,  aged  thirty-two.  The  mother  still 
lives  there.  Mrs.  Peterson  was  born  in  Sweden  on 
June  10,  1868,  and  has  one  brother,  Larson,  residing 
on  the  Weippe.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  this 
union :  Mav,  Signa,  Lillian,  Ellen,  Flossie. 

Peter  .Hanson,  first  cousin  of  Mr.  Peterson,  is  a 
banker  and  capitalist  in  Minnesota,  and  having  served 
as  secretary  of  state  with  such  acceptability,  he  was 
nominated  this  year  for  the  office  again,  it  being  done 
by  acclamation.  He  is  a  man  of  rare  ability  in  financial 
matters  and  business  generally,  and  has  gained  his 
commanding  position  by  virtue  of  his  own  efforts  and 
worth,  being  a  self  made  man. 


GEORGE  S.  LESHER,  M.'D.,  who  is  now  hand- 
ling the  drug  store  in  Murray,  is  one  of  the  capable 
-    -f  the  county  of  Shoshone  and  although 


he  has  not  been  here  as  long  as  some  of  the  pioneers, 
still  his  uprightness,  his  energy,  and  his  native  ability 
dominated  by  sound  judgment  and  integrity  have  won 
for  him  an  excellent  standing  among  the  people  and 
a  fine  practice  in  his  profession.  He  was  born  in  Rich- 
land,  Pennsylvania,  on  September  u,  1862,  the  son  of 
William  and  Rebecca  (Seibert)  Lesher,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania  and  from  old  and  prominent  fami- 
lies. The  father  died  on  January  2,  1897,  and  had  been 
for  years  engaged  in  wholesale  lumber  and  grain  trade. 
The  mother  died  in  1877.  Her  ancestors,  as  her  hus- 
band's, came  to  this  country  from  Germany  before  the 
Revolution.  Our  subject  received  a  good  education 
in  the  city  schools  of  Lancaster  and  then  came  to  Min- 
neapolis, Minnesota.  He  worked  in  the  Harvester 
works,  then  was  salesman  in  Sterling,  Kansas,  then  in 
the  foundry  in  Pueblo,  and  later  we  find  him  in  the 
Risdon  iron  works  in  California,  San  Francisco.  At  the 
time  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  excitement  he  started  thither 
Knit  stopped  in  Spokane.  He  did  saw  milling,  cut  wood, 
went  to  Montana  and  cut  five  thousand  posts  and  five 
thousand  poles  with  his  partner  for  a  large  cattle 
ranch.  Then  poisoned  Coyotes  and  in  the  spring  he 
helped  drive  about  four  hundred  horses  to  Minnesota. 
He  returned  home  rich  in  experience  and  with  nearly 
a  thousand  dollars  in  his  pockets.  Mr.  Lesher  then 
settled  to  the  study  of  medicine,  which  had  been  his 
life's  dream.  He  soon  matriculated  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  Pennsvlvania  University,  the  oldest 
medical  college  in  the  United  States.  This  was  in  the 
fall  of  1887  and  in  1890  he  received  his  degree  of  doc- 
tor of  medicine.  He  practiced  in  his  native  state  a 
time  and  then  was  appointed  by  the  government  as 
physician  on  the  Ute  agency,  later  was  transferred  to 
Arizona  for  the  Apache  reservation,  then  to  the  Red 
Lake  Chippewas  in  Minnesota,  then  to  the  northern 
Cheyennes  in  Wyoming,  and  finally  to  the  Flatheads  in 
Montana.  On  January  3,  1902,  Dr.  Lesher  landed  in 
Murray  and  at  once  bought  the  drug  store  and  turned 
his  attention  to  the  practice  of  medicine  and  since  then 
he  has  done  well.  He  is  a  public  minded  man  and 
always  in  the  lead  in  matters  of  improvement. 

On  March  26,  1888,  at  Richland,  Pennsylvania,  Dr. 
Lesher  married  Miss  Catherine,  daughter  of  William 
and  Jemima  ( Strickler)  Moore  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  are  from  old  Pennsylvania  Dutch  fam- 
ilies and  now  dwell  on  the  old  homestead.  Mrs.  Lesher 
was  born  in  Richland  on  May  8,  1870,  and  has  one  sis- 
ter, Clara  Brubaker.  Dr.  Lesher  has  one  brother, 
William.  They  have  one  child,  Rebecca,  born  Octo- 
ber 15,  1889.  Dr.  Lesher  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  of  the  R.  A.  M.,  of  the  K.  T.  and  of  the  Nobles 
of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 


WILLIAM  COUMERILH  is  at  present  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Buchanan  &  Company,  hardware  and 
furniture  merchants  of  Mullan.  He  is  also  a  mining 
man  and  a  mining  engineer.  He  was  born  in  Detroit, 
Michigan,  on  December  14,  1874,  the  son  of  John 
Coumerilh.  The  father  was  a  native  of  France,  being 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


born  and  raised  in  the  Pyrennes.  When  eighteen  he 
came  to  Cuba  and  there  learned  the  English  language. 
He  had  been  educated  for  the  priesthood  in  his  native 
country.  He  was  an  accomplished  linguist  and  was 
interpreter  for  Commodore  Vanderbilt  when  he  toured 
Mexico  and  the  West  Indies.  He  paid  especial  atten- 
tion to  mining  and  was  a  thorougly  versed  man  in  all 
the  intricacies  of  that  vast  industry.  He  was  on  the 
coast  in  early  days  and  participated  in  the  various 
stampedes  of  mining  excitements,  was  in  the  Pioche 
run  and  pulled  his  toboggan  into  Eagle  City  at  the  out- 
set of  the  rush.  He  located  in  Murray  and  worked  the 
•Golden  Chest  successfully  for  nine  years.  Mr. 
Coumerilh  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  mining  men 
?nd  operators  in  the  entire  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and 
was  well  known,  while  his  standing  was  the  very  best, 
being  a  man  of  integrity.  He  died  on  January  15, 
1896,  aged  fifty- four  years.  He  was  treasurer  of 
Shoshone  county  for  six  years  and  in  fraternal  re- 
lations was  past  master  of  the  Masons  and  past  noble 
grand  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  past  workman  of  the 
.A.  O.  U.  W.  Our  subject  has  one  sister,  Cora,  in 
'San  Francisco.  He  was  reared  in  the  Black  Hills  and 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  was  liberally  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  in  the  state  mining 
school  of  Rapid  City,  South  Dakota.  In  addition  to 
this,  Mr.  Coumerilh  "was  constantly  associated  with  his 
father  and  received  an  invaluable  training  in  practical 
working,  which  has  placed  him  in  a  leading  position 
in  mining  problems.  He  has  followed  mining  in 
various  sections  and  in  1901  he  entered  partnership 
with  V.  A.  Buchanan  and  since  then  has  given  his 
personal  attention  to  the  operation  of  this  business. 
Mr.  Coumerilh  is  a  member  of  the  American  Institute 
of  Mining  Engineers,  joining  in  1895.  In  1900  he  was 
superintendent  of  the  Cumberland  mine,  resigning  the 
same  for  his  present  business. 

On  May  31,  1896,  Mr.  Coumerilh  married  Miss 
'Laura  Mitchell  at  Billings,  Montana.  Her  parents 
are  deceased.  She  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters: 
Burt,  Robert,  Mrs.  Charles  Buell.,  Mrs.  Walter  Smith. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  bless  this  household : 
John  W.,  five  years  old;  Genevive,  aged  eighteen 
months. 


LOUIS  A.  SCHLESINGER  is  one  of  the  lead- 
it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  grant 
an  epitome  of  his  career  in  this  connection.  He  was 
born  in  Oakland,  California,  on  September  15,  1879, 
-the  son  of  Louis  and  Julia  A.  (Stevens)  Schlesinger. 
'Ine  father  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  ran  away 
from  home  when  thirteen  and  came  as  a  stowaway 
to  New  York,  landing  there  penniless.  He  married 
wnen  eighteen  and  soon  had  made  a  fortune  of  two 
Tumdred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  He  operated 
with  Jay  Gould  and  Fiske,  and  gave  Fiske  his  first 
start  as  a  peddler.  Later  he  came  to  California  (this, 
was  in  the  sixties)  and  did  a  printing  business.  He 
lias  returned  to  the  East  since  then  and  still  lives. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Iowa  and  is  still  living.  Our 


subject  was  reared  in  Oakland  and  San  Francisco 
and  educated  in  those  cities.  He  did  printing  for 
some  time  and  then  wrought  in  a  hotel,  and  when  he 
was  eighteen  he  married  and  spent  one  year  on  the 
bridal  tour.  He  then  came  to  Murray,  landing  here 
in  March,  1901.  He  took  the  secretaryship  of  the 
1'rager  Mining  Company,  Limited,  and  since  that 
time  he  has  continued  in  this  department.  He  is  one 
of  the  stirring  men  of  the  camp  and  is  possessed  of 
good  ability  and  uprightness.  Mr.  Schlesinger  has 
one  brother,  Wallace. 

At  San  Francisco,  California,  on  May  16,  1900, 
Mr.  Schlesinger  married  Miss  Ruby  H.,  daughter  of 
Lewis  Prager,  mentioned  in  this  work.  She  was  born 
near  Portland  on  January  n,  1880.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Schlesinger  are  popular  residents  of  Murray  and  en- 
jov  the  best  of  standing  among  all.  He  is  a  member 
of' the  K.  P. 


JOHN  H.  NEWBURY  is  a  well  and  favorably 
known  mining  man  of  Mullan  and  he  is  entitled  to  be 
represented  among  the  early  pioneers  of  this  country 
and  is  one  of  the  real  builders  of  the  county.  He  was 
born  in  Ohio  on  May  5,  1861,  the  son  of  Joseph  B. 
and  Mary  A.  (Thornbury)  Newbury,  natives  of 
New  York  state  and  Richmond,  Indiana,  respect- 
ively. On  both  sides  of  the  house  the  ancestors  have 
been  patriotic  Americans,  who  have  shown  their  love 
of  country  by  arduous  and  faithful  service  in  all  the 
struggles  through  which  the  young  nation  was  called 
to  go.  The  paternal  ancestors  came  in  the  persons  of 
two  brothers  to  the  new  world  in  1659,  an<l  they  al- 
lied themselves  wilh  the  interests  of  the  colonists,  and 
the  family  has  been  stanch  Americans  since.  Our 
subject's  great-grandfather  fought  in  the  Revolution, 
his  grandfather  took  part  in  the  struggle  of  1812  and 
the  father  and  one  son  participated  in  the  Civil  war, 
enlisting  in  April,  1862,  in  Company  I,  Seventy-ninth 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  mustered  out  at 
the  close  of  the  war  in  Washington,  D.  C.  His  son, 
Abel  T.,  was  in  the  war  also.  The  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject coines  from  an  old  Quaker  family  and  her  grand- 
father was  a  patriot  in  the  Revolution  and  her  father 
in  the  war  of  1812.  He  also  was  a  noted  frontiers- 
man and  associated  with  Daniel  Boone,  Kenton  and 
other  Kentucky  pioneers.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newbury  are 
now  living  in  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Montana,'  and 
if  they  live  until  September  15,  1903,  they  will  cele- 
brate the  sixtieth  anniversary  of  their  wedding  day. 

Our  subject  was  reared  in  Ohio  and  educated  in 
the  district  schools  and  when  fifteen  went  to  the  Black 
Hills,  and  then  spent  four  years  in  traveling  about, 
visiting  different  states  and  territories.  In  1880  he 
was  in  Montana,  mining  and  freighting,  and  January 
f,  1884,  he  came  to  Eagle  City.  "  In  April,  1885,  he 
went  to  Helena,  remaining  until  1886,  when  he  came 
to  Mullan,  and  here  he  has  made  his  home  since  that 
time.  He  has  two  brothers,  Abel  T.,  Charles  B.,  and 
three  sisters,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Sutherland,  Mrs.  F.  C. 
Jones,  Mrs.  F.  E.  Lee. 

On  August  27,  1884,  Mr.  Newbury  married  Miss 


146 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Frances  J.,  daughter  of  Frederick  C.  and  Hester 
(Vertreese)  Gremm.  Mr.  Gremm  is  an  architect 
in  Helena.  Montana.  Mrs.  Gremm  is  deceased. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  union,  William 
G.,  Ray  E.,  Joseph  B.  Mrs.  Newbury  has  four  sis- 
ters, Airs.  James  J.  Gibbons,  Mrs.  Charles  G.  Stubbs, 
Mrs.  M.  Christen,  Mrs.  F.  Wilcox.  Mrs.  Newbury 
is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church.  Mr.  Newbury 
is  a  Republican  and  has  been  delegate  to  several  coun- 
ty and  state  conventions.  He  is  at  present  president 
of  the  Gremm  Mining  Company,  which  property 
was  located  on  August  25,  1886. 


BRIDGET  GAFFNEY  is  the  widow  of  Patrick 
"  Gaffney  and  the  daughter  of  Bernard  and  Mary 
(Martin)  Gaffney.  She  was  born  in  September, 
1833,  in  Ireland,  and  came  to  Boston  in  1851  with 
her  parents,  who  shortly  returned  to  Ireland.  She 
followed  the  art  of  the  seamstress  in  Boston  until 
1859,  when  she  came  to  San  Francisco,  via  the  Isth- 
mus, where  she  remained  until  1867,  when  she  came 
to  Pierce  with  her  husband  and  one  son,  Frank.  Mr. 
Gaffney  did  placer  mining  in  the  Pierce  district  and 
also  followed  the  butcher  business.  About  1880  Mr. 
Gaffney  took  a  pre-emption  on  the  Weippe  and  later 
a  homestead,  and  then  he  bought  a  quarter.  Mrs. 
Gaffney  has  deeded  one-quarter  of  this  to  her  son 
William,  mentioned  in  this  volume.  Mr.  Gaffney 
raised  stock,  as  high  as  two  hundred  head  at  one 

izen.  He  was  a  native  of  Sligo,  Ireland,  and  was  in- 
terested with  Mrs.  Gaffney's  father  in  a  brewery 
there.  He  came  to  California  in  1858  and  mined  un- 
til 1861,  and  then  went  to  Pierce  in  the  first  excite- 
ment, which  was  the  fall  of  1861,  and  then  he  was 
also  in  the  Florence  stampede.  In  the  summer  of 
1862  he  went  to  Montana  and  mined  two  years  in 
Virginia  City.  He  was  one  of  twenty  who  first  ex- 
plored Yellowstone  Park.  Then  he  returned  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  thence  went  to  Honduras,  and  in  1866  he 
was  again  in  California,  and  January  of  that  year 
Mrs.  Gaffney  was  married  to  him.  Then  they  came 
to  Pierce,  as  stated,  and  also  Mr.  Gaffney  was  in  the 
foremost  part  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene  rush.  He  died 
on  July  21,  1896,  beloved  by  all  and  a  highly  re- 
spected and  esteemed  man,  in  whom  all  recognized  a 
person  of  sterling  worth  and  one  whose  labors  more 
than  anv  one  other  individual  gave  the  early  schools 
to  the  Pierce  district  and  stimulated  development 
and  progress.  Mrs.  Gaffney  has  no  near  relatives 
besides  her  children.  Mr.  Gaffney  was  on  Camas 
prairie  at  the  time  of  the  Indian  outbreak  in  1878. 
His  son  -Frank  was  with  him,  and  they  were  expect- 
ing to  fetch  stock.  A  friendly  Indian  assisted  him  to 
get  started  home  and  took  him  to  -the  top  of  the  hill 
above  Kamiah  and  then  returned.  While  they  were 
at  Kamiah  they  saw  Indians  sporting  themselves  in 
war  gyrations  on  the  hill  and  the  friendly  ones  hur- 
ried Mr.  Gaffney  on.  He  got  to  his  home  at  4  p.  m. 
and  soon  all  Pierce  was  deserted  and  every  one  was 


in  the  hills.  General  Hqward  is  said  to  have  preached 
to  the  Indians  at  Kamiah  when  these  bands  were 
the  Weippe,  killing  all  the  whites  they  could  find  and 
stealing  stock  and  burning  property.  Later  the- 
troops  pursued  and  captured  them.  As  soon  as  the 
scare  was  over  the  people  came  back  from  the  hills- 
and  built  fortifications,  having  been  in  the  hills  for 
two  weeks.  Friendly  Indian  women  and  one  mar*, 
warned  the  citizens  of  Pierce,  and  thus  they  escaped. 
The  outbreak  commenced  at  Whitebird,  on  the  Sal- 
mon river,  and  previous  to  this  straggling  Indians^ 
under  pretense  of  friendliness,  came  to  Pierce  to  get 
whisky  and  steal  stock,  and  after  the  raid  had  begurt 
the  large  band  came  and  camped  on  the  prairie  at 
Weippe.  General  Howard's  actions  of  dilatorim 
while  the  Indians  were  committing  their  depreda- 
tions caused  great  bitterness  among  the  people. 

Mrs.  Gaffney  has  borne  her  part  in  all  these  hard- 
ships of  life  on  the  frontier  in  a  noble  and  courageous- 
manner  and  has  been  instrumental  in  doing  much  to> 
assist  the  advancement  of  the  country  and  buil.d  it 
up.  She  is  now  enjoying  the  golden  years  of  her  life 
in  the  possession  of  the  competence  which  her  labor 
provided,  and  is  beloved  by  all. 


THOMAS  B.  REED,  of  the  firm  of  Reed  &  Com- 
pany, is  the  manager  and  head  of  the  large  general  mer- 
chandise establishment  which  the  company  owns  ir* 
Pierce.  Mr.  Reed  is  handling  the  largest  business  in- 
the  town,  is  a  popular  and  capable  man  and  understands- 
the  art  of  conducting  a  successful  business,  whereirfr 
his  own  talents  have  wrought  the  gratifying  progress 
that  has  been  and  is  his  to  enjoy. 

Thomas  B.  Reed  was  born  in  Alexander,  Missouri, 
on  October  14,  1876,  being  the  son  of  James  W.  and 
Kate  (Foley)  Reed.    The  father  was  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, a  prominent  attorney  and  died  March  12.  i8i 
aged  forty.     His  ancestors  were  of  Scotch  and  En- 
glish extraction.    The  mother  of  our  subject  came  f  ron* 
Ireland,  her  native  country,  to  the  United  States  whert 
she  was  nine  years  of  age.     She  was  married  in  Mis-  I 
souri  and  now  lives  in  Boulder,  Colorado.     Thomas- 1 
was  reared  in  'Missouri  and  Keokuk,   Iowa,  gaining;  j 
his  education  from  the  common  schools  and  the  St.   I 
Marks  College  at  Keokuk.    At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  I 
'took  associated  press  work  in  St.  Louis  and  followed  it  j 
perseveringly  for  four  years.     Then  nine  months  were  j 
spent  as  receiver  of  the  Enoch  Book  &  Stationery  Com-  I 
pany.    After  that,  he  came  to  Idaho  and  soon  entered  I 
the  employ  of  J.  P.  Vollmer  at  Uniontown,  Washing-  $ 
ton,  as  a  general  merchandise  salesman.     One  year  in-  I 
that  capacity  and  he  came  to  Pierce.     He  associated"  1 
himself  with  a  silent  partner  and  opened  a  general  mer-  ] 
chandise  establishment  in  Pierce  and  to  the  manage-  *• 
ment  and  development  of  the  business  he  has  devoted  \ 
himself  with  manifest  wisdom  and  energy.    He  carries-  ; 
a  stock  of  about  ten  thousand  dollars  and  does  a  fine 
business  especially  in  mining  supplies.    Mr.  Reed  is  in- 
terested in  some  valuable  quartz  mines  and  also  some 
promising  placer  properties.    He  has  the  Queen  placer,. 


THOMAS  B.  REED. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  Dandy  and  Star  quartz  claims,  also  a  number  of 
claims  on  Deer  creek,  in  Nez  Perces  county,  and  some 
property  near  Leadville,  Colorado.  Mr.  Reed  has  one 
brother  and  three  sisters :  Charles  H.,  a  druggist  in  Den- 
ver; Margaret  E.,  Julia  E.,  Mary  K.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  the  United  Artisans,  while  in 
politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

On  June  25,  1902,  at  Lewiston,  Mr.  Reed  married 
Miss  Gracie  E.,  daughter  of  August  and  Eliza  S. 
(Mitchell)  Pierstorff,  natives  of  Germany  and  New  Jer- 
sey, respectively.  The  father  came  to  the  United  States 
when  twelve  and  died  October  26,  1895,  aged  fifty. 
.'He  served  in  Company  B,  Eleventh  Wisconsin,  in  the 
.  last  year  of  the  Civil  war  and  there  was  so  broken  in 
health  that  he  never  recovered.  The  mother  of  Mrs. 
Reed  lives  in  Lewiston  with  her  children.  Mrs.  Reed 
was  born  on  November  26,  1879,  and  his  three  brothers 
and  four  sisters,  John  E.,  Marion  A.,  Willard  A.,  Laura 
A.,  Vinnie  I.,  Nola  I.,  Mary,  wife  of  Frank  Eastman, 
in  Westlake,  Idaho.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Reed  are  popular 
and  leading  members  of  society  and  are  held  in  high 
esteem  by  all  while  they  enjoy  the  fellowship  of  hosts 
of  friends. 


•  ALBERT  OTTO,  a  mining  man  of  Murray,  was 
I  born  in  West  Virginia  on  March  i,  1844,  the  son  of 
Levi  and  Fernandes  (Wolf)  Otto,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  West  Virginia,  and  descended  from  old 
•  and  prominent  Dutch  families  of  the  former  state. 
The  father  died  September  15,  1872,  aged  forty.  Our 
subject  was  born  and  reared  in  West  Virginia  and 
Maryland  until  thirteen,  and  in  1857  went  to  Missouri 
with  his  parents.  He  lived  there  until  seventeen,  and 
then  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Twenty-first  Missouri 
Infantry,  and  served  until  February  6,  1865,  when  the 
regiment  was  all  mustered  out.  In  1879  Mr.  Otto 
came  to  Montana  and  worked  at  the  carpenter  trade. 
In  February,  1884,  he  came  to  Eagle  City,  then  went 
to  Missoula,  later  was  in  Myrtle  camp  and  since  then 
he  has  given  his  attention  to  mining  and  prospecting. 
Mr.  Otto  was  one  of  the  owners  of  the  famous  Mother 
Lode  claim  and  after  they  had  taken  out  three  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars  of  ore  they  sold  it  for  twenty 
thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Otto  is  interested  in  many 
mining  ventures  and  also  in  the  town-site.  He  has 
a  cozy  cottage  home  and  other  property.  In  1892  he 
bought  the  Louisville  Hotel  and  three  years  later  sold 
it  to  William  Wylie.  Mr.  Otto  was  deputy  sheriff  in 
1892,  under  Sims,  and  in  1899,  under  Sutherland.  He 
is  now  road  supervisor.  Mr.  Otto  has  four  brothers, 
Edmund,  Israel,  Franklin,  William,  and  two  sisters, 
Man-  Harned  and  Fanny  Fordner. 

On  October  9,  1895,  Mr.  Otto  married  Mrs.  Min- 
nie Thompson,  born  in  Pittsfield,  Massachusetts,  on 
October  13,  18^2,  the  daughter  of  Henry  and  Mary 
(Odell)  Reynolds,  natives  of  St.  Rock,  Canada,  and 
Paris,  France,  respectively.  The  father  died  on 
March  28,  1893,  a"d  the  mother  died  when  she  was 
aged  eighty-three.  Mrs.  Otto  has  one  brother,  Henry. 
Mrs.  Otto  is  a  member  of  the  Rebekahs  and  has  been 
president  of  the  State  Assembly.  At  that  time  she 


was  presented  with  a  valuable  jewel  by  admiring 
friends,  who  appreciated  her  excellent  work  in  put- 
ting new  life  in  the  order  and  in  organizing  new 
lodges.  She  is  a  public  speaker  of  power  and  elo- 
quence, and  is  one  of  the  leading  ladies  of  the  state. 
Mr.  Otto  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  the  I.  O- 
O.  F.  and  the  G.  A.  R.  Mrs.  Otto  has  one  daughter 
by  her  former  marriage,  Mable,  wife  of  Paul  F^ 
Smith,  of  Wallace.  Mrs.  Otto  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Baptist  University  at  Madison,  Wisconsin,  and  re-  ' 
ceived  her  degree'with  especial  honors,  which  she  had 


ROBERT  T.  HORN  is  surely  to  be  classed  with 
the  earliest  pioneers  in  the  Murray  country,  and  since 
the  first  days  he  has  been  one  of  the  leading  men  and. 
one  of  the  promoters  of  the  various  properties,  while 
his  skill,  energy  and  wisdom  have  resulted  in  much 
good  to  the  district,  and  have  made  him  one  of  the 
prominent  men  of  the  Cceur  d'Alene  country.  He 
was  born  in  Gardner,  Maine,  on  September  14,  1850,. 
the  son  of  James  and  Sarah  (Noyes)  Horn.  The 
father  was  born  at  sea,  but  his  ancestors  came  to  this 
continent  on  the  Mayflower  and  were  seafaring  peo- 
ple. Our  subject's  great-grandfather  on  his  father's 
side  was  in  the  Revolution  and  died  August  3.  1861. 
in  Maine.  The  mother  was  a  native  of  Vermont  and 
her  grandfather  was  a  patriot  in  the  War  of  Independ- 
ence. Her  father  was  in  the  war  of  1812  and  also  in 
the  Blackhawk  under  Lincoln.  She  died  July  4,  1872, 
in  Maine.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  place 
and  received  a  good  education  from  the  public  schools 
and  higher  institutions.  When  nineteen  he  was  rid- 
ing the  range  in  Texas,  then  operated  three  years  as 
assistant  superintendent  for  the  St.  Louis  Beef  Com- 
pany. Then  he  visited  the  home  place,  and  in  1879. 
came  west  to  Washington  and  was  timber  inspector 
for  the  Northern  Pacific  from  Wallula  to  Helena.  In 
1883  Mr.  Horn  came  up  the  river  to  the  site  of  Eagle, 
which  was  not  there  then.  He  prospected  in  all  this 
region  and  found  much  of  the  ground  located  by 
Prichard,  Boblett,  Fisher  and  Ives.  In  September  of 
the  year  1883  our  subject  assisted  to  lay  out  Hayes 
City,  named  from  the  packer,  Samuel  Hayes,  and 
about  twenty  prospectors  engaged  in  the  work.  An- 
other crowd  came  in  from  the  Black  Hills  and  they 
insisted  on  changing  the  name  to  Eagle  City.  To 
avoid  bloodshed,  Mr.  Horn  consented,  and  the  name 
was  Eagle  City.  He  also  assisted  in  taking  Mr. 
Prichard  away  so  the  others  would  not  hang  him  for 
taking  up  so  much  ground.  Mr.  Horn  and  his  part- 
ner, Alf  Brile,  of  Spokane,  sold  the  first  claim  in  the 
district,  it  being  the  Golden  Chest.  It  was  sold  for 
ten  thousand  dollars,  and  the  Louisville  Company 
bought  it.  They  also  sold  the  Euphemia  and  the 
Idaho,  they  being  in  the  Golden  Chest  now.  Our  sub- 
ject, Bill  Keeler,  Dick  Wilson,  now  of  the  Mammoth, 
and  Jack  Fitzgerald,  now  in  southern  Africa,  laid  out 
the  town  of  Murray  and  named  it  after  George  Mur- 
ray, who  located  the  land  of  the  site.  The  land  had 
been  in  litigation  until  the  fall  of  1902,  when  all  was- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


settled.  In  1885  Mr.  Horn  located  the  town  of  Kel- 
logg with  Charles  Sinclair  and  John  M.  Burke  and 
he  still  owns  an  interest  there.  Mr.  Horn  is  now 
manager  of  the  Daddy  mine,  and  with  his  partner, 
Mr.  Copeland  has  various  other  valuable  properties. 
Mr,  Horn  is  one  of  the  large  tax-payers  of  the  county 
and  is  a  man  of  heavy  property  holdings  all  over  the 
districts.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  has  been 
prominent  in  the  campaigns.  He  has  three  brothers, 
William,  Bernard  E.,  James  C. 

On  October  22,  1897,  Mr.  Horn  married  Mrs. 
Kate  Robinson,  nee  Williams,  the  wedding  occurring 
in  Davenport,  Washington.  She  was  born  in  Owego, 
New  York,  and  her  father  was  a  native  of  the  same 
place.  He  served  during  the  entire  Civil  war  and 
died  in  1901.  Mrs.  Horn  has  three  brothers,  Robert 
F.,  John  H.,  Fred.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Horn  are  pleasant 
and  affable  people,  have  the  confidence  and  good  will 
of  all  and  are  of  the  best  standing  and  prominent  in 
social  circles,  as  well  as  otherwise. 


SAMUEL  ELBEN.  At  the  present  time  Mr. 
Elben  is  the  owner  and  operator  of  the  daily  stage 
line  between  Greer  and  Pierce,  which  goes  via  Weippe 
and  Fraser.  This  is  a  fine  line  and  is  handled  in  a 
skillful  and  wise  manner  by  Mr.  Elben.  He  has  plenty 
of  good  stock,  excellent  rigs  and  does  a  thriving  busi- 
ness. In  addition  to  tjiis  Mr.  Elben  owns  a  farm, 
two  miles  southeast  from  Weippe,  which  is  a  valua- 
ble and  well  tilled  estate.  A  detailed  account  of  the 
interesting  career  of  Mr.  Elben  will  be  quite  in  place 
in  the  history  of  Shoshone  county. 

Samuel  Elben  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Newark, 
Ohio,  on  November  30,  1865,  being  the  son  of  Rufus 
and  Isabel  (Shaft'er)  Elben,  natives  of  Ohio.  The 
mother  married  a  second  time,  her  husband  being 
Morgan  Moates,  a  veteran  of  the  Civil  war.  They 
live  near  Newark.  Our  subject  was  raised  by  his 
grandparents  until  ten  and  then  worked  out  for  the 
farmers  until  about  1890,  receiving  his  education 
from  the  district  schools  during  this  time.  In  the  year 
last  mentioned  he  came  to  Spokane,  where  he  remained 
one  year  variously  employed.  Then  he  went  to  the 
Big  Bend  country  and  later  to  Kittitas  county,  near 
Roslun,  and  mined  for  gold  some.  Two  years  were 
afterward  spent  in  the  Palouse  country  in  the  vicinity 
•of  Pullman,  and  then  he  came  to  the  Weippe  country 
and  filed  on  a  claim,  but  as  it  proved  worthless  for 
agricultural  purposes,  he  relinquished  to  the  govern- 
ment and  then  bought  his  present  place,  which  is  a 
valuable  piece  of  land.  Mr.  Elben  does  a  general 
farming  business  and  handles  some  stock.  He  handled 
a  sub-contract  on  the  mail  from  Weippe  to  Pierce  for 
four  years,  and  then  took  the  contract  from  the  govern- 
ment to  handle  the  mail  as  stated  above,  and  he  has 
done  a  fine  business  in  the  express  and  passenger 
traffic  since.  Mr.  Elben  has  no  full  brothers  and  sis- 
ters. 

On  February  20,  1901,  Mr.  Eben  married  Miss 
Eertha,  daughter  of  Harrison  K.  and  Jennie  (Mc- 


Lean) Vanartsdalen,  -natives  of  Philadelphia.  They  • 
now  live  two  miles  west  from  Mr.  Elben's  place.  Mrs. 
lilben  was  born  near  Columbus,  Nebraska,  on  April 
i,  1884,  and  she  has  one  sister  and  two  brothers, 
Eliza,  Thompson,  Isaac  G.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Elben  were 
married  at  Pomeroy,  Washington.  They  have  one 
child. 


JOHN  W.  CLARK.  On  the  battlefield,  fighting 
for  his  country,  as  well  as  in  the  battles  of  life,  where 
he  has  always  shown  integrity  and  kindness,  with  gen- 
erosity, the  subject  of  this  article  has  done  worthily 
and  is  deserving  of  mention  in  the  volume  that  would 
chronicle  the  leading  citizens  of  the  county  of  Sho-  . 
shone. 

John  W.  Clark  was  born  in  Wood  county,  Ohio,  . 
on  November  2,   1844,  being  the  son  of  Adam  and   . 
Catherine  (Wickard)  Clark.    The  father  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  of  Irish  parents,  served  thirteen  months 
in    Company    L,    Second    Missouri    Cavalry,    Captain 
A.  E.  Preston  and  Colonel  Lewis  Merrie.  '  On  April  j 
24,  1901,  this  good  man  went  to  his  final  rest,  aged 
eighty-two.    The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  native 
of  Ohio,  and  her  parents  of  Pennsylvania.    Her  father 
was  in  the  war  of  1812  and  died  when  he  was  seventy- 
seven.     Our  subject  was  reared  in  Michigan,  whither 
his  parents  had  removed  when  he  was  three  years  ] 
old.    He  studied  in  the  winters  in  the  district  schools 
and   labored   in  the   summers.     When   seventeen  he  | 
enlisted   in   Merrill's   Horse   Volunteers,    which    regi- 
ment was  made  up  of  recruits  from  Michigan,  Ohio 
and  Missouri,  and  was  called  the  Second  Missouri. 
This  was  the  same  regiment  in  which  his  father  served,   1 
and  he  went   in  as   his   father  came  out.      Nineteen 
months  of  this  arduous   service  was  given  by   Mr. 
Clark,  and  then  he  was  honorably  discharged.     Fol- 
lowing the  war  we  have  no  record  of  his  whereabouts. 
At  the  present  time  Mr.  Clark  is  residing  on  his  own  .' 
place,  two  miles  south  from  Weippe,  and  does  a  gen- 
eral farming  and  stock  business. 

On  September  16,  1874,  Mr.  Clark  married  Miss 
Adell  Tupper,  daughter  of  Nelson  and  Lorena  (Lock- 
wood)  Tupper,  who  are  mentioned  in  this  volume. 
This  wedding  occurred  in  Pottawattamie  county, 
Iowa.  Mrs.  Clark  has  three  brothers  and  sisters. 
To  our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife  there  have  been 
born  four  children:  Elizabeth  C.,  wife  of  Samson 
Snyder;  Howard  T.,  residing  near  by;  Minnie  B., 
wife  of  Franklin  Harrison,  residing  near  by:  Etta 
M.,  single  and  living  at  home.  Mr.  Clark  is  a  member 
of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M-.,  Climax  Lodge,  No.  59,  in 
Kalamazoo,  Michigan.  He  also  belongs  to  the  G.  A. 
R.,  Atlanta  Post,  at  Platte  Center,  Nebraska. 


JOHN  C.  FEEHAN,  the  manager  of  the  Murray 
Mercantile  Company,  Limited,  is  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  Murray,  and  a  man  of  good  ability 
and  standing.  He  was  born  in  Iowa,  June  24, 1866, 
the  son  of  John  H.  and  Julia  P.  (Brown)  Feehan.  The 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


father  was  born  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  as  were  his  par- 
also.     The  ancestors  came   from  Ireland.     The 


father   died  April  21 

-     Iowa,   and   lives   there 


The  rnothc 

ow.     Her  father  was  a 
in  in  Iowa.     Her  mother 

came  from  an  old  Virginia  family  named  Gee.  Four 
brothers  were  preachers.  Our  subject  was  raised 
in  Iowa  and  educated  there  until  1890.  In  June  of  that 
year  he  arrived  in  Wardner  and  worked  for  George 
F.  Crane  &  Company,  and  then  was  appointed  post- 
aster,  holding  the  same  for  three  years.  Then  he 
tine  to  Murray  and  did  mining  in  the  placers  and 
later  opened  in  the  mercantile  business.  He  started 
his  present  business  in  1899  with  the  firm  style  of 
J.  S.  Feehan  &  Company.  In  1900  it  was  merged  as 
the  Murray  Mercantile  Company,  with  our  subject  as 
manager,  and  since  then  he  has  continued  in  that 
capacity.  Mr.  Feehan  is  interested  in  mining  ventures 
"n  various  places  and  is  a  man  of  substantial  quali- 
ies.  He  has  one  brother,  Robert  W.,  and  four  sis- 
ers,  Alice,  Mrs.  Lizzie  Abbie,  Florence  Rinehart,  and 
Margaret  Jackson.  All  are  in  Iowa. 

On  April  27,  1890,  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  Mr. 
Feehan  married  Miss  Hattie  I.  Ferguson.  The  father 
grain  dealer  and  died  in  Iowa  in  1883.  The 
mother  died  when  this  daughter  was  young.  Mrs. 
Feehan  was  born  in  Iowa  August  i,  1866,  and  has 
.one  sister,  Clara.  One  child  has  been  born  to  this 
,  Muriel,  born  October  21,  1899,  in  Murray. 
Mr.  Feehan  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  of  the 
iK.  P.,  and  in  political  relations  is  associated  with  the 
Republicans.  He  has  served  as  a  delegate  to  the 
and  state  conventions.  Mr.  Feehan  is  a  pleas- 


t  and  affable  man,  well  liked  by  all  and  the  recipient 
a  fine  business  patronage,  because  of  his  popularity 
:1  skill  in  his  lines. 


CHARLES  HUCKELBERRY.  Although  the 
<ubject  of  this  article  has  not  been  so  long  in  this 
lection  as  some,  still  he  has  demonstrated  such  real 
ntegrity  and  worth  of  character  that  he  has  a  warm 
place  in  the  esteem  and  good  will  of  the  entire  com- 
^tnunity.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church, 
and  is  a  devoted  supporter  of  the  faith  and  is  always 
found  foremost  in  church  work.  He  is  an  apt  scholar 
in  the  word  and  is  often  found  as  a  teacher  in  the 
class  and  Sunday  school.  His  farm  lies  about  two 
miles  south  from  Weippe,  and  is  a  beautiful  and 
•aluable  place.  It  consists  of  one-quarter  section,  one 
hundred  and  thirty  acres  of  which  is  under  culti- 

ion.  The  balance  is  covered  with  timber.  Mr. 
Huckelberry  is  a  diversified  farmer,  and  handles  some 
stock  also.  He  is  industrious  and  skillful  in  his  busi- 
ness and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  and  substantial 
:n  of  the  community. 

Charles  Huckelberry  was  born  in  Clark  county, 
Indiana,  on  September  30,  1852,  being  the  son  of 
Peter  and  Jerusha  (Gibson)  Huckelberry,  natives  of 
Clark  county,  Indiana.  The  father  was  born  on  Jan- 
-ary  25,  1825,  and  he  died  on  May  15,  1899.  His 


father  was  a  native  of  Clark  county,  and  his  mother 
came  from  Pennsylvania.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  of  Scotch  extraction,  and  she  died  on  September 
15,  1880.  Charles  was  reared  in  Indiana  and  educated 
in  the  district  schools.  After  leaving  school  Mr. 
Huckelberry  rented  his  father's  farm  for  a  time,  and. 
in  1876  he  went  west  to  Missouri  and  Kansas,  where 
he  did  ranch  work  until  1881.  Then  he  returned  to. 
Jeffersonville,  Indiana,  and  worked  in  the  car  shops. 
In  1883  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  on  November  10, 
1884,  he  came  to  Idaho.  He  settled  near  Troy,  and 
during  the  time  of  his  stay  in  Latah  county,  he  filed 
on  a  homestead  near  Kendrick,  which  he  traded  for 
his  present  farm.  This  was  on  March  3,  1897,'  and 
since  that  time  Mr.  Huckelberry  has  been  a  resident 
here.  He  has  one  brother,  George  W.,  in  Indiana.  Mr. 
Huckelberry  is  a  Democrat  and  as  active  as  is  con- 
sistent with  his  business  affairs. 


THAD  C.  RIDDLE,  the  well  known  and  popular 
young  attorney,  who  is  now  filling  the  office  of  probate 
judge  with  efficiency  and  acceptability,  is  one  of  the 
leading  professional  men  of  northern  Idaho,  and  has 
manifested  marked  ability  and  erudition  in  the  deep 
questions  and  intricacies  of  the  law,  while  his  integ- 
rity and  uprightness  are  patent  to  all. 

Thad  C.  Riddle  was  born  in  Kentucky  on  Octo- 
ber 26,  1869,  the  son  of  George  W.  and  Louise  (Wise- 
man) Riddle,  natives  of  Maryland  and  Kentucky, 
respectively.  The  father's  ancestors  were  a  prominent 
family  that  came  with  Calvert  to  Maryland.  He  died 
in  Indiana  in  1895,  whither  he  had  come  when  our 
subject  was  aged  six.  He  enlisted  at  the  first  call 
in  Company  A,  Forty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry,  and 
was  soon  appointed  adjutant  and  was  made  military 
superintendent  of  all  railroads  running  out  of  Louis- 
ville, then  was  with  General  Grant  in  all  of  his  bat- 
tles from  Ft.  Donelson  to  Chattanooga,  and  in  1864 
was  appointed  colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
fourth  Indiana.  He  took  part  in  the  Shenandoah 
campaign,  and  was  mustered  out  in  August,  1865, 
having  served  throughout  the  entire  war.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  lives  in  Kentucky,  and  she  is  descended 
from  an  old  and  prominent  Kentucky  family,  the 
grandfather  coming  there  with  Daniel  Boone.  Both 
grandfathers  of  our  subject  served  in  the  war  of  1812. 
Thad  C.  was  raised  principally  in  Indiana,  and  in  1887 
he  took  his  degree  from  Hartsville  College,  and  then 
took  up  teaching  and  reading  law.  In  the  spring  of 

1890  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Indiana,  and  in 

1891  we  see  Mr.  Riddle  in  Colfax,  Washington,  en- 
gaged in  the  legal  profession.  There  and  at  Oakesdale 
he  continued  until  1898,  when  he  came  to  Wardner, 
which  was  his  headquarters  until  January,  1903,  when 
he  came  to  Wallace,  having  been  elected  as  probate 
judge  of  the  county,  polling  a  majority  of  six  hun- 
dren  and  ninety-six,  being  two  hundred  ahead  of  his 
ticket,  the  Republican.    Judge  Riddle  has  been  active 
in  politics  and  has  made  his  influence  known  in  the 
state  and  county  conventions.     He  has  one  brother 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  three  sisters :  J.  Morton,  Mrs.  Katherine  Hughes, 
Mrs.   Celestine   Rainforth,   Mrs.    Nancy   Tadlock. 

On  June  13,  1894,  Judge  Riddle  married  Miss 
Wenoria,  daughter  of  Harrison  H.  and  Irene  Sel- 
fridge,  both  well  known  Oregon  pioneers.  They 
crossed  the  plains  in  1865  and  now  dwell  in  Spokane, 
where  the  wedding  occurred.  Mrs.  Riddle  was  born 
in  Eugene,  Oregon.  Admiral  Thomas  O.  Sell'ridge, 
deceased,  was  a  cousin  of  Mr.  Selfridge.  Mrs.  Rid- 
dle was  liberally  educated  in  the  classics  and  then 
received  a  special  course  in  music  under  the  tuition 
of  Madam  Capiana  in  New  York.  She  is  a  popular 
teacher  of  vocal  music  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country, 
being  skillful  arid  of  marked  talent  in  this  art.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Riddle: 
Katherine,  aged  six,  and  an  infant  unnamed.  Judge 
Riddle  is  a  member  of  the  Eagles  in  Wardner,  and  he 
.and  his  wife  are  communicants  at  the  Episcopal 
church. 


ANDREW  T.  SMITH  is  the  efficient  stage  opera- 
tor from  Murray  to  Wallace,  and  he  also  owns  the  line. 
He  is  a  man  of  pleasant  ways,  good  spirit,  and  is 
well  liked  and  esteemed  by  all.  He  was  born  in  Iowa 
November  15,  1859,  the  son  of  William  and  Louisa 
(Miles)  Smith.  The  father  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, served  four  years  for  his  country  in  the  Re- 
.bellion,  languished  in  Andersonville's  horrors  until  his 
health  was  broken,  and  in  1870  he  died.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Illinois,  came  to  Iowa  when  two  years 
old,  after  her  husband's  death  married  Aaron  Webster, 

.an  old  Calif onria  pioneer,  and  now  lives  near  Olympia, 
Washington.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Iowa  until 
after  the  war,  and  then  they  went  to  Missouri  until  the 
father's  death,  when  they  returned  to  Iowa,  and  when 

.he  was  seventeen  he  accompanied  his  mother,  her 
mother,  his  two  sisters  and  brother  to  Portland,  and 
soon  they  went  thence  to  Puget  Sound.  When  twenty- 

•  one  he  left  the  parental  roof  and  went  to  Dayton, 
Washington,  and  in  the  spring  of  1885  he  came  to 
Delta,  and  thence  soon  to  Murray.  He  mined  and 
prospected  and  drove  stage,  and  in  1892  bought  an 
interest  in  the  line.  He  operated  it  with  Fred  Barton, 
deceased,  for  three  years,  then  sold  out.  Mr.  Smith 
then  did  butchering  for  a  time,  mined  in  Republic, 
returned  to  Murray  and  commenced  driving  stage, 

.and  later  he  operated  a  stamp-mill  with  Mr.  Burton. 
Then  Mr.  Smith  secured  the  mail  contract,  and  since 
has  continued  to  operate  the  stage  line  as  stated  above. 
He  has  one  brother,  Elmer  E.,  and  two  sisters,  Emina 
Ruttidge,  a  widow,  and  Dora  James. 

At  Wallace,  on  July  2,  1893,  Mr.  Smith  married 
Miss  Alice  R.,  daughter  of  William  J.  and  Susan 
(Tinker)  Burton.  The  father  was  born  in  Delaware, 
and  the  mother  was  born  at  sea,  as  her  parents  were 
en  route  to  Australia.  Her  parents  were  natives  of 
England,  and  she  remained  in  Australia  until  fifteen, 
then  married.  They  came  to  the  United  States  with 
considerable  money  from  Australia,  and  in  1884  they 
landed  in  Murray,  having  come  in  over  the  Belknap 

.trail,  the  family  consisting  of  father  and  mother  and 


four  children.  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in  Wisconsin 
on  February  22.  1877,  and  she  has  two  sisters,  Mary 
Scrivens,  Emma  Beaty.  Two  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith:  Mrytle,  born  November  n, 
1896;  Horace,  born  March  3,  1899.  Mrs-  Smith  has 
three  brothers :  William,  George  E.,  Theodore.  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P. 


DAVID  F.  GOODMAN  is  one  of  the  well  known 
miners  and  prospectors  of  Murray,  and  at  the  present 
time  he  is  with  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Mining  Company, 
and  is  also  interested  in  some  property  with  them. 
He  owns  one-third  of  the  Nellie  Potter  group  and  one- 
third  in  the  Bellamy  and  Arabia.  David  F.  Good- 
man was  born  in  Morgan  county,  Missouri,  on  June 
12,  1853,  the  son  of  John  F.  and  Elizabeth  (Hunt) 
Goodman,  natives  of  Missouri.  The  father  is  an  elder 
in  the  German  Baptist  church  in  Morgan  county, 
Missouri.  He  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  in  Cooper 
county,  and  his  father  was  a  companion  of  Daniel 
Boone.  The  ancestors  were  prominent  in  the  Revolu- 
tion and  in  Indian  wars.  The  mother's  ancestors  were 
descended  from  the  old  Virginia  Hunt  family  and  were 
prominent.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Missouri  until 
fifteen.  His  mother  died  when  he  was  one  year  old. 
When  fifteen  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Nineteenth 
Kansas  Cavalry,  and  for  six  months  they  -were  active 
in  chasing  a  band  of  Cheyennes  who  had  stolen  two 
white  women.  They  captured  sixteen  hundred  of  the 
savages  and  secured  the  women.  The  soldiers 
were  about  to  take  summary  vengeance  on  the  Indians 
when  General  Custer  made  a  speech  telling  them  that 
he  would  be  held  personally  responsible  for  the  In- 
dians by  the  government,  and  this  deterred  the  sol- 
diers. The  Indians  were  held  in  a  stockade  and  in  a 
quarrel  they  killed  their  chief.  After  this  the  regi- 
ment in  which  Mr.  Goodman  was  disbanded,  and  he 
went  to  Colorado  and  mined  and  prospected  from 
1874  to  1894.  Then  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country.  He  has  been  in  British  Columbia,  in  various 
sections  adjacent  to  this  district,  and  of  late  he  has 
continued  here  uninterruptedly.  Mr.  Goodman  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters:  William,  James, 
Charles,  Mary  Lehman,  Margaret,  ClavrissaE.,  and  one 
unnamed. 


MILO  L.  GEORGE.  The  subject  of  this  review 
is  a  man  of  energy  and  stability  and  has  wrought  with 
a  skillful  hand  and  wisdom  in  the  development  of  the 
country,  and  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous  citizens  and 
highly  esteemed  men  of  the  community. 

Milo  L.  George  was  born  in  Crawford  county, 
Wisconsin,  on  June  24,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Hiram 
S.  and  Amelia  (Gooding)  George,  natives  of  Ohio. 
The  father  was  a  mining  man,  and  went  to  Mexico 
to  follow  his  occupation  and  has  never  been  heard 
from.  The  mother  lives  with  our  subject.  Milo  L. 
was  reared  in  Michigan  and  there  received  his  educa- 
tion and  labored  in  the  woods  until  he  was  twenty-two. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


Then  he  came  to  Kansas  with  his  wife,  and  they  took 
a  claim,  which  proved  worthless  for  agricultural  pur- 
poses, and  so  it  was  sold  to  a  cattle  firm  for  grazing. 
Two  years  after  that  Mr.  George  worked  on  public 
works  and  then  rented  a  farm  for  a  time,  and  in  1888 
he  sold  out  and  came  to  Idaho.  Here  he  settled  on 
liis  present  place,  three  miles  east  from  Fraser,  which 
-he  secured  as  a  homestead.  He  has  improved  it  in 
.good  shape,  and  does  a  general  fanning  business  and 
raises  stock.  Mr.  George  has  also  bought  other  land 
and  besides  that  which  he  works  he  has  one  million 
feet  of  the  finest  marketable  timber.  He  has  a  forty 
some  distance  from  his  present  home,  which  he  intends 
to  improve  for  the  family  residence,  it  being  especially 
fitted  for  a  home  place.  Mr.  George  has  one  brother, 
Frank  F.,  living  two  miles  south.  Our  subject  is  a 
member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  Lodge  No.  64,  at  Orofino. 
He  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  committeeman  and 
is  active  in  the  realm  of  politics. 

On  September  28,  1878,  Mr.  George  married  Miss 
Mary  A.,  daughter  of  Nelson  Tupper,  a  native  of 
Vermont,  who  died  October  I,  1880,  with  cholera, 
being  en  route  to  Kansas  from  his  eastern  home.  Mrs. 
•George  was  born  in  Kalamazoo  county,  Michigan,  on 
July  28,  1853,  and  she  has  four  brothers  and  three 
sisters:  Chauncey,  residing  near  Leland;  Howard, 
residing  on  the  Lolo ;  Byron,  on  the  Potlatch ;  Edwin, 
in  Michigan;  Adelia,  wife  of  Samuel  Teed,  near  our 
subject;  Ellen,  wife  of  John  Harrison,  in  Michigan; 
Adelle,  wife  of  John  Clark,  on  the  Weippe.  Mr. 
•George  is  one  of  the  progressive  and  intelligent  men 
•of  the  community,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  respected 
iind  highly  esteemed. 


BENJAMIN  F.  MORGAN  is  the  amalgamator 
at  the  Golden  Chest  mine,  near  Murray,  and  is  one 
of  the  substantial  and  esteemed  mining  men  of  the 
district.  He  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Oregon, 
on  May  n,  1857,  the  son  of  William  W.  and  Lo- 
dema  (Steen)  Morgan.  The  father  was  born  in  New 
Jersey,  crossed  the  plains  in  1849,  when  forty  years 
old,  and  settled  near  Salem,  where  he  raised  stock  and 
•did  carpenter  work.  The  mother  was  born  in  In- 
diana, crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents  in  1852,  was 
married  in  1854,  and  died  in  1883.  Our  subject 
remained  in  Oregon  until  1862,  when  the  family  came 
to  Walla  Walla,  and  the  father  was  post  carpenter 
for  some  time.  Later  they  sold  the  farm  owned  on 
the  state  line  and  returned  to  the  Willamette  valley. 
In  1873  our  subject  came  to  Weston,  and  worked  on  the 
ranch  two  years,  and  then  went  to  Columbia  county, 
Washington,  then  Walla  Walla  county  for  five  years 
in  the  sheep  business.  He  and  his  brother  were  in 
this  business  also  on  the  Snake.  After  that  he  settled 
near  Colfax,  and  for  five  years  tilled  the  soil,  then  sold 
out  and  operated  a  bakery  and  confectionery  store  in 
Olympia.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Morgan  in  San  Francisco 
•on  the  street  cars,  then  he  returned  to  Weston  in 
1893,  and  in  J895  he  came  to  Murray,  and  here  he 
lias  devoted  himself  to  mining  and  prospecting  since 


that  time.  He  has  been  in  his  present  positon  and 
others  with  this  company  for  three  years,  and  is  one 
of  the  capable  men  in  the  company.  Air.  Morgan  has 
one  brother,  George  W. 

In  1883  Mr.  Morgan  married  and  he  has  one  child, 
Ralph  S.  Mr.  Morgan  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  and  of  the  Miners'  Union.  He  is  a  Republi- 
can, and  votes  for  the  interests  of  the  country.  Mr. 
Morgan  is  interested  in  the  Laura  Bonanza  and  the 
Dick  groups,  and  in  the  various  properties  on  Summit 
Peak  and  Beaver  districts  and  also  in  Bear  Gulch. 


JOHN  T.  MOLLOY.  The  home  of  Mr.  Molloy 
is  one  of  the  finest  spots  to  be  found  in  Shoshone 
county.  The  view  is  commanding,  the  scenery  is 
inspiring,  and  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the  entire 
setting  is  little  short  of  perfection.  The  residence 
is  a  tasty  and  commodious  structure  of  modern  archi- 
tecture, with  spreading  verandas,  and  is  situated  on  a 
beautiful  sloping  bench,  and  one  may  stand  and  drink 
in  the  beauties  of  towering  mountains,  dense  wild 
forests,  harvest  fields,  fruit  laden  orchards,  and  the 
clotting  residences  of  the  farmers  in  the  valley  until 
the  completeness  and  beauty  of  the  scene  leads  one 
to  forget  the  tranistoriness  of  time  and  sense.  A  de- 
tailed account  of  Mr.  Molloy's  life  will  be  interesting. 

John  T.  Molloy  was  born  in  Walla  Walla  on 
October  27,  1868,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Ellen 
(Kehlker)  Molloy.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, and  came  "to  the  United  States  when  he  was 
five  years  old.  He  followed  the  sea  for  years,  then 
came  to  San  Francisco  in  early  days,  and  thence  to 
Walla  Walla  in  the  sixties.  He  operated  a  restaurant 
in  Walla  Walla  for  three  years,  and  when  our  sub- 
ject was  six  months  of  age,  he  came  to  Pierce  with 
his  family.  He  carried  mail  to  Pierce,  was  post- 
master there,  and  was  sheriff  of  Shoshone  county  for 

nent  man  in  the  affairs  of  the  county.  At  present  he 
is  living  with  our  subject.  The  mother  of  Mr.  Molloy 
was  born  in  Ireland,  came  to  the  United  States  when 
young,  was  married  in  Walla  Walla  when  young,  and 
died  October  27,  1876,  in  Pierce.  Our  subject  was 
raised  in  Pierce  until  he  was  eight  years  old,  and  then 
at  his  present  place  he  took  up  his  abode  until  this 
date.  He  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  and 
under  the  tuterage  of  a  private  instructor.  He  lived 
with  Peter  Hourcade,  who  then  owned  the  place  where 
Mr.  Molloy  now  lives.  Mr.  Hourcade  and  Mr.  Molloy 
and  William  Gaffney  went  to  hunt  stock  and  in  cross- 
ing the  Lolo,  which  was  raging  in  a  flood,  Mr.  Hour- 
cade's  horse  stumbled  and  he  was  lost  in  the  torrent. 
Mr.  Molloy  being  appointed  administrator,  he  bought 
the  property.  In  addition  Mr.  Molloy  owns  enough 
fine  land  to  make  a  section  and  does  a  thorough  farm- 
ing business,  besides  handling  from  one  to  one  hundred 
and  fifty  cattle  and  hogs,  and  horses  in  proportion.  He. 
is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  section,  has  spent 
,iearly  all  of  his  life  here,  and  is  well  and  favorably 
known  over  the  entire  district.  Mr.  Molloy  is  a  mem- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


her  of  the  M.  W.  A.  in  Fraser,  and  he  and  his  wift 
affiliate  with  the  Catholic  church.  Politically  he  is 
a  Democrat  and  active  in  the  affairs  of  the  county  and 
state,  being  frequently  called  to  the  conventions  of 
both. 

On  May  6,  1896,  Mr.  Molloy  married  Miss  Viol: 
Foster,  whose  parents  are  mentioned  in  this  volume 
One  child  has  come  to  gladden  the  union.  Her  name 
is  Gladys.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Molloy  are  leading  people 
in  this  section  and  have  the  hearty  good  will  and 
esteem  of  all. 


BERNT  O.  SKONNORD  has  manifested  his  deep 
interest  in  the  various  mining  camps  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  and  adjacent  counties  by  development  work 
to  the  amount  of  many  thousands  of  dollars  and  he  is 
now  one  of  the  clever  and  leading  mining  men  of  the 
section.  He  was  born  in  Norway,  on  June  14,  1860. 
the  son  of  Ole  E.  and  Beatha  (Hoff)  Skonnord,  na- 
tives of  the  same  country.  The  father  died  there  in 
1900  and  the  mother  passed  away  in  1895.  Our  subject 
was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  land  and  spent 
two  years  as  salesman  before  coming  to  the  United 
States  in  1881.  He  followed  clerking  in  Lacrosse,  Wis- 
consin, then  came  to  Missoula  in  the  same  line,  where 
he  worked  for  the  Missoula  Mercantile  Company  and 
Murphy-Warden  Company,  clerked  in  the  hotel 
three  years  for  Captain  Rodgers  and  operated  a 
restaurant  some  time.  In  1884  he  came  to  Eagle 
City  over  the  Trout  creek  trail,  started  a  hotel  in 
Murray  and  placered  in  Lost  creek.  Next  \ve 
see  him  mining  in  Phillipsburg,  Montana.  Then 
he  traveled  some  and  later  settled  in  Elkhorn,  en- 
gaging in  the  liquor  business  and  also  handling  mining 
and  wood.  He  also  secured  while  there  a  large  interest 
in  the  Mountain  View  group,  which  is  believed  to  be 
one  of  the  best,  having  all  indications  of  making  a 
first  class  producer.  He  lost  two  thousand  and  more 
.  cords  of  wood  in  a  large  fire,  after  which  he  went  to 
Helena.  In  the  fall  of  1894  he  came  to  Burke  and 
opened  the  exchange  Hotel.  On  April  29,  1899, 
Mr.  Skonnord  came  to  Wallace  and  this  has 
been  his  headquarters  since,  although  he  has  oper- 
ated in  various  mines  and  prospects  all  over  the 
country.  He  has  numerous  property  and  commer- 
cial interests,  but  while  these  occupy  some  of  his  atten- 
tion he  devotes  most  of  his  energies  to  mining  and  has 
some  fine  properties.  He  is  sole  owner  of  the  Mountain 
View  properties,  a  group  of  fine  claims  in  Jefferson 
county,  Montana,  and  has  spent  over  fifteen  thousand 
dollars  on  this  property  alone,  in  development  work. 
In  addition  to  this  he  has  stock  in  the  Humming 
Bird,  is  a  director  of  the  Trade  Dollar,  interested  in  the 
Echo,  the  Blue  Grouse  and  the  Oreana  and  many  oth- 
ers. Mr.  Skonnord  is  a  member  of  the  Redmen'.  He 
has  the  following  brothers  and  sisters :  Edward,  Chris- 
tian, Peter,  Martin,  Olaf,  John,  Hans,  deceased,  Maria 
Oleson,  Mathia  Quisgart,  Olena  Landaasen,  Anna 
Skundburg.  Mr.  Skonnord  is  an  independent  thinker 
in  political  lines  as  in  all  others  and  he  is  always  on  the 


side  of  those  measures  which  are  for  the  general  wel- 
fare and  advancement.  He  is  a  man  of  ability  and  has 
clone  much  for  the  development  of  the  country. 


CARL  AMONSON  certainly  deserves  to  be  ranked 
in  the  foremost  rank  of  men  who  have  done  and  are 
doing  a  grand  work  in  bringing  the  famous  Coeur 
d'Alene  country  to  the  front  as  the  greatest  camp  of 
its  kind  in  the  world.  He  has  brought  to  bear  in  this 
work  a  wealth  of  natural  ability  which  has  been  rein- 
forced with  careful  study  not  only  of  this  country,  but 
of  all  principles  and  knowledge  yet  brought  out  in 
mineralogy,  geology  and  general  mining  science. 

Carl  Amonson  was  born  in  Seneca,  Crawford, 
county,  Wisconsin,  on  April  19,  1865,  the  son  of  Am- 
mon  and  Petrena  (Knudson)  Amonson,  natives  of  Nor- 
way. The  father  came  to  the  United  States  in  1857, 
kept  hotel  in  Lacrosse,  Wisconsin,  until  1865,  then 
farmed  in  Crawford  county  until  1883,  then  moved  to 
Bridgewater,  South  Dakota,  where  he  is  a  heavy  real 
estate  owner  now.  The  mother  came  to  the  United 
States  when  nine  years  of  age  and  now  lives  in  Bridge- 
water.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  Wisconsin  until 
seventeen,  then  took  a  course  in  a  business  college  ire 
St.  Paul.  On  May  6,  1889,  we  find  him  employed  in 
the  Poorman  in  Burke  and  later  he  located  land  seven 
miles  northeast  from  Spangle.  After  gaining  title 
he  went  to  Burke  again,  having  sold  his  land,  and 

rked  for  the  electric  company  there.  Next  we  see 
him  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Butte.  Montana,  and 
after  that  he  prospected  in  the  Okanogan  country.  He 
clerked  in  the  Tiger  store,  went  to  South  Dakota,  came 
back  and  entered  the  employ  of  Dan  Cardoner,  con- 
tinuing there  until  the  fall  of  1898.  He  located  the 
famous  Hummingbird  during  this  time  and  incorpo- 
tted  it  in  1898,  being  president.  Mr.  Amonson  also- 
located  and  incorporated  the  Echo  and  is  president.  In 
the  fall  of  1890  he  located  the  Pearl  group  and  he  is 
also  interested  heavily  in  many  undeveloped  proper- 
-  Mr.  Amonson  is  one  of  the  most  practical  and 

:essful  mine  operators  in  the  district  and  is  recog- 
nized as  such.  He  has  three  brothers,  Oscar,  Henry, 
Theodore,  and  two  sisters,  Julia  and  Anna.  Mr. 
vmonson  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  the  Redmen,  the 
'oresters,  the  Miners  Union,  and  the  Scandinavian 
Brotherhood.  He  is  a  socialist  and  active  in  the  in- 

sts  of  the  country.  Mr.  Amonson  is  not  satisfied 
with  his  attainments  but  is  constantly  devoting  himself 
to  hard  study  of  the  basic  sciences  treating  of  the  earth, 
its  formation,  of  mining  and  mineralogy  and  he  is- 
especially  studying  the  Coeur  d'Alene  dis'trict  and  in-- 
ids  to  devote  himself  to  a  continued  operation  here. 


CHARLES  SCHILL.  The  hardy  life  of  the  miner 
las  but  few  attractions  about  it  except  the  general 
freedom  and  also  the  consciousness  that  when  one 
gathers  the  wealth  from  the  wilds  of  the  mountains 
t  is  not  stained  by  the  hardship  of  some  down  trodden 


RNT  O.  SKONNORD. 


CARL  AMONSON. 


CHARLES  SCHILL. 


GEORGE  A.  MAITLAND. 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


creature  whose  forced  toil  has  produced  it.  It  comes 
fresh  from  the  mint  of  nature  placed  there  for  the  use 
of  the  intrepid  and  doughty  ones  who  will  face  the 
hardships  of  the  wilds  to  gain  it.  One  of  these  worthy 
characters  is  named  in  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and 
it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  accord  to  him  a  representa- 
tion in  the  annals  of  Shoshone  county. 

Mr.  Schill  was  born  in  Baden,  Freiberg  Province, 
Germany,  on  February  I,  1868,  being  the  son  of  An- 
ton and 'Christine  Schill.  He  was  educated  in  his  na- 
tive land  and  at  the  early  age  of  thirteen  came  with 
relatives  to  America.  Three  years  were  spent  in  Saint 
Paul,  Minnesota,  and  then  he  came  west  to  Spokane. 
He  had  mastered  the  intricacies  of  the  carpenter  trade 
and  labored  at  that  in  Spokane,  in  the  Palouse  country 
;md  in  Lewiston  and  vicinity,  and  then,  in  1895,  he  came 
to  Kendrick.  He  at  once  set  about  prospecting  and  two 
years  later  he  discovered  the  Jericho  mines,  well  known 
through  this  section.  He  has  devoted  considerable  at- 
tention to  placer  mining,  and  at  the  present  time  he  is 
sluicing  about  thirty  miles  east  frm  Kendrick  and  six 
miles  east  from  the  west  line  of  Shoshone  county.  He 
is  in  what  is  known  as  the  Burnt  Creek  mining  dis- 
trict. We  are  pleased  to  grant  mention  to  one  of  the 
sturdy  toilers  in  this  section  of  the  county  and  it  is  due 
that  we  say  that  the  class  of  men,  whom  our  subject 
nobly  represents,  are  they  who  opened  this  country  and 
pushed  back  the  gates  for  the  less  adventurous  ones  to 
follow.  And  all  honor  to  those  who  take  the  pick  and 
shovel  and  delve  in  the  depths  of  the  unexplored  re- 
gions for  the  development  of  the  same. 


GEORGE  A.  MAITLAND.  For  more  than  a  de- 
cade the  subject  of  this  article  has  been  connected 
prominently  in  the  business  realm  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country  and  at  the  present  time  he  is  owner  and  opera- 
tor of  a  first  class  feed,  hay,  and  grain  store  in  Wal- 
lace where  he  does  a  thrifty  trade  and  his  standing 
among  his  fellows  is  first  class.  . 

George  A.  Maitland  was  born  in  Kilmarnock,  On- 
tario, on  August  28,  1862,  being  the  son  of  James  and 
Jane  (McRitchey)  Maitland.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  Canada  and  born  of  Scotch  ancestry  and  his  father 
served  in  the  French  and  Indian  war. '  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  and  her 
father  also  served  in  the  French  and  Indian  war.  Our 
subject  graduated  from  the  excellent  high  schools  in 
Ontario  and  when  nineteen  came  to  Winnipeg,  where 
he  spent  three  years  in  the  employ  of  a  large  contract- 
ing firm  Then  he  took  a  farm  in  Assiniboia  Territory 
and  after  seven  years'  residence  on  it,  he  rented,  but 
still  owns  it.  He  rode  the  range  in  Montana  for  three 
years  then  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  in  1891. 
He  wrought  on  the  Northern  Pacific  for  four  years  and 
then  in  the  mines  and  in  1897  he  opened  his  present 
business  and  since  that  time  he  has  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  building  up  the  fine  patronage  that  he  now  en- 
joys as  the  result  of  his  careful  business  methods  and 
kind  treatment  of  all. 

Mr.  Maitland  has  the  following  named  brothers  and 


sisters :  Fred  H.,  Peter,  John,  James  P.,  Rebecca  Mc- 
Caw,  Sarah  A.  Fraternally  Mr.  Maitland  is  promi- 
nently associated,  being  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
Shoshone  Lodge  No.  25  ;  of  the  R.  A.  M.,  Chapter  No. 
9 :  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Commandery  of  the  K.  T. ; 
of  the  El  Katif  temple  of  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 
The  first  three  are  in  Wallace  but  the  latter  is  in  Spo- 
kane. Mr.  Maitland  is  an  active  and  progressive  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  trade  and  interested  in  any  measure 
that  is  for  advancement  of  the  general  welfare. 


CHARLES  MANLEY.  A  continuous  residence 
in  the '  Coeur  d'Alene  country  since  the  palmy  days 
of  Murray  placers  entitles  the  subject  of  this  article 
to  be  classed  as  one  of  the  early  pioneers,  while  his 
progressive  spirit,  his  energy,  and  his  activity  mani- 
fest him  as  one  of  the  real  builders  of  the  section,  and 
without  doubt  he  is  recognized  one  of  the  regular 
war-  horses  of  the  Republican  ranks,  a  leader  and  an' 
enthusiastic  supporter  of  these  sound  principles.  Mr. 
Manley  is  personally  a  man  of  affability,  a  fine  con- 
versationalist, and  possessed  of  a  high  sense  of  honor, 
while  his  stirring  career  from  the  gold  dust  days  of 
California  to  the  present  time  in  all  the  prominent 
camps  from  Mexico  to  British  Columbia  has  supplied 
him  with  a  fund  of  experience  and  a  store  of  remi- 
niscences highly  interesting  and  of  great  value. 

Charles  Manley  was  born  in  Maine  on  June  18, 
1842,  the  son  of  Albert  G.  and  Sarah  H.  (Hill)  Man- 
ley,  natives  of  Maine.  The  paternal  grandfather  of 
our  subject  was  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  the  ancestors 
were  famous  in  the  American  cause  in  the  early  days. 
The  father  died  in  1879,  aged  sixty-five,  at  Elko, 
Nevada,  having  come  to  California,  Tuolumne  county, 
in  1852.  The  mother  of  our  subject  came  from  a 
family  prominent  in  New  England  for  many  genera- 
tions back,  and  hearty  supporters  of  the  colonists  in 
the  Revolution,  and  later  in  the  war  of  1812.  Our 
subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Skowhegan,  Maine, 
and  when  through  with  the  academy  course  he  joined 
his  father  in  California.  This  was  in  1858,  and  he 

came  to  Boise,  whither  the  father  had  preceded  him. 
In  1865,  our  subject  went  to  Montana  and  washed 
the  golden  sands  and  also  held  the  position  of  deputy 
sheriff  under  Ed  Lovelock,  first  sheriff  of  Meaghe'r 
county.  In  1869  Mr.  Manley  went  to  White  Pine, 
Nevada,  thence  to  Arizona,  in  government  employ, 
both  in  carrying  messages  and  furnishing  game  meat 
for  the  forces.  Again  we  see  him  in  White  Pine, 
prospecting  and  mining.  Tn  1884  he  was  with  the 
first  wave  that  rolled  into  Murray,  and  he  sought  the  • 
nuggets  for  a  year  there,  then  went  to  Elk  creek  with 
Joseph  Sweeney,  and  located  the  Nellie  Wood  mine, 
which  he  sold  later  to  James  Wardner.  Mr.  Manley 
then  became  interested  in  a  lead  proposition,  which 
he  and  his  partner,  P.  Hyde,  still  own.  It  is  on  Elk 
creek,  near  Wardner.  In  1895  Mr.  Manley  returned 
to  Murray  and  bought  the  Louisville  house,  which  was 
built  in  1884,  and  after  one  year  in  operating  the 


1 1 54 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


same,  he  leased  it  and  came  to  Wallace.  Mr.  Manley 
has  two  brothers  and  one  sister:  Horace  A.,  Mark, 
Mrs.  B.  W.  Hapgood,  a  widow. 

On  December  6,  1888,  Mr.  Manley  married  Miss 
Minnie  F.  Grant  in  Spokane.  Her  father  is  deceased, 
and  her  mother  lives  near  Boston.  Mr.  Manley  is  a 
member  of  the  Elks,  and  is  a  popular  and  influential 
citizen.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican,  as  stated,  and  is 
now  sheriff  of  the  county  of  Shoshone,  and  in  dis- 
charge of  his  duties  there  is  that  same  faithfulness, 
efficiency  and  honor  manifested  that  characterize  him 
in  all  his  business  career.  He  has  been  and  is  an 
influential  figure  in  the  county  conventions,  and  is  a 
man  always  laboring  for  the  advancement  and  wel- 
fare of  the  community. 


COLUMBUS  B.  FERGUSON,  who  at  present  is 
proprietor  of  the  "Capital,"  is  one  of  the  well  known 
business  men  of  Murray,  and  is  one  of  the  old  timers, 
being  one  whose  labors  assisted  materially  in  con- 
structing the  trail  into  this  country  in  the  early  days 
of  1884.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Ferguson  has  always 
continued  in  the  mining  industry  in  this  district  more 
or  less,  and  he  is  at  the  present  time  joint  owner  of  a 
number  of  valuable  and  promising  claims,  as  the 
group  on  Bear  Top,  those  on  Summit,  a  copper  prop- 
osition on  the  north  fork  and  a  good  mill  site,  while 
also  he  has  dwellings  and  business  property  in  Mur- 
ray. 

Columbus  B.  Ferguson  was  born  in  Wilkes  county, 
North  Carolina,  on  June  25,  1861,  the  son  of  Samuel 
S.  and  Lucy  (Roberts)  Ferguson.  The  father  was 
horn  in  North  Carolina,  and  comes  from  the  old  and 
prominent  Ferguson  family  of  the  south.  He  served 
all  through  the  war  in  the  Confederate  army,  and  died 
in  1900  at  Truckee,  California.  The  mother  was  born 
in  Indiana  and  now  lives  in  Truckee.  Our  subject 
was  educated  in  Kansas  and  Missouri,  where  the 
family  lived.  They  went  to  California  from  Kansas, 
then  returned  to  Missouri,  went  again  to  California 
and  back  to  Salt  Lake  City,  and  then  settled  perma- 
nently in  the  Golden  State.  Our  subject  remained 
with  his  parents  until  he  was  past  twenty-one,  then 
went  to  sawmilling  in  California,  and  in  1884  started 
for  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  as  said  before  he 
assisted  to  build  the  trail  until  May  loth,  and  then 
turned  his  attention  to  prospecting.  In  1894  Mr.  Fer- 
guson opened  his  present  business,  and  since  then  he 
has  conducted  this  in  addition  to  handling  mines.  His 
place  is  the  headquarters  for  all  old  tirners,  and  he 
is  one  of  the  well  known  men  of  the  county.  Mr. 
Ferguson  has  three  brothers:  Thomas,  James,  Ira, 
and  one  sister,  Lillian. 

On  January  15,  1900,  Mr.  Ferguson  married  Mrs. 
Cassie  O'Donald.  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Annie  E.  (Jacobs)  Nuss,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  father  died  in  1877,  and  the  mother 
still  lives  in  Illinois.  Mrs.  Ferguson  has  the  follow- 
ing brothers  and  sisters:  Henry,  Daniel,  Calvin, 
Cora  Hughes,  Emma  Davis.  Mr.  Ferguson  is  a  mem- 


)er  of  the  Redmen,  and  was  a  charter  member  of 
.he  K.  P.  He  is  a  leading 'Democrat  of  the  county, 
and  is  active  in  the  county  and  state  conventions. 


MILTON  P.  FOSTER.  It  was  in  1890  that  Mr. 
Foster  came  to  his  present  place,  two  miles  east  from 
Fraser,  "where  he  took  a  piece  of  wild  land,  which 
his  labors  since  have  transformed  into  a  first  class 
farm.  This  is  now  rented  to  his  son,  who  owns  a 
farm  adjoining,  and  the  father  lives  on  his  own  place, 
and  devotes  his  time  to  the  prosecution  of  his  trade, 
that  of  a  carpenter  and  builder.  In  this  line  he-  is 
especially  skillful,  having  learned  the  trade  when  he 
was  young  and  then  completely  mastered  it.  For  a 
long  period  of  years  Mr.  Foster  has  devoted  himself 
to  this  craft,  and  is  well  known  all  over  this  section, 
as  in  many  other  places,  where  his  excellent  handi- 
work testifies  to  his  ability  and  industry. 

Milton  P.  Foster  was  born  in  Green  county,  Wis- 
consin, on  February  4,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Will- 
iam and  Delia  A.  (Wright)  Foster,  natives  of  Ohio 
and  New  York,  respectively.  The  ancestors  of  the 
father  were  of  the  old  Puritan  stock,  and  his  father 
was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Lake  Erie  in  the  war 
of  1812.  The  father  of  our  subject  was  one  of  the 
pioneer  farmers  and  carpenters  in  southern  Wisconsin. 
The  mother  of  Milton  P.  was  descended  from  a  very 
old  family  of  New  York,  and  many  of  her  relatives 
were  in  the  Civil  war.  Her  brother,  Major  Squire 
A.  Wright,  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
and  soon  died  from  the  effects.  Another  brother  served 
through  the  entire  war.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
Wisconsin  and  attended  the  district  schools,  and  at  an 
early  age  began  to  learn  the  carpenter  trade  from 
a  skillful  father.  In  the  spring  of  1870  he  went  to 
Iowa,  and  thence  to  Minnesota,  owning  farms  in  both 
slates.  In  1890  he  came  to  Spokane,  and  soon  there- 
after he  came  to  his  present  place. 

In  1873  Mr.  Foster  married  Miss  Laura,  daughter 
of  Peter  and  Jane  (McCaughtry)  McFarland,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  died  at  the  age  of  sev- 
enty-four, and  the  mother  when  she  was  seventy-two. 
The  wedding  of  Mr.  Foster  occurred  in  Waucoma, 
Iowa.  Four  children  were  born  to  the  union'  Inez 
W.,  wife  of  Stephen  A.  Frans,  express  messenger  on 
the  O.  R.  &  N.,  at  Spokane ;  Claire  M.,  lives  adjoin- 
ing the  father's  farm;  Viola  A.,  wife  of  John  T. 
Malloy,  in  Fraser;  Susie,  wife  of  Howard  T.  Clark; 
:°.t  Weippe.  Mrs.  'Foster  was  born  on  December  16, 
1848,  and  died  on  October  16,  1890.  She  was  a  na- 
tive of  Pennsylvania,  and  her  death  occurred  in  Spo- 
kane. Mr.  Foster  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,,  and 
in  politics  is  a  Republican. 


FRANK  M.  TIBBALS  is  one  of  the  old  timers 

of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  has  been  interested 

n  the  mines  of  that  section  from  the  first  discoveries 

'til  the  present.     He  was  born  in  Michigan  on  June 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


20,  1856,  the  son  of  Benoni  O.  and  Harriet  A.  (God- 
frey) Tibbals,  natives  of  New  York.  The  parents 
came  to  Michigan  in  1833,  traveling  in  ox  carts.  The 
grandfather  served  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  the  Tib- 
bals family  were  among  the  first  settlers  on  the  con- 
tinent in  colonial  days.  They  were  always  prominent 
in  the  American  cause,  and  many  noted  members  are 
now  in  the  leading  professions,  and  in  commercial 
pursuits  in  the  New  England  states.  The  father  died 
in  1872,  but  the  mother  lives  in  Detroit.  Our  subject 
remained  in  Michigan  until  nineteen,  having  received 
a  good  education.  He  expected  to  enter  Ann  Arbor, 
but  owing  to  his  father's  death  he  was  obliged  to 
remain  at  home.  He  was  on  the  farm,  in  a  dry  goods 
store,  and  in  1876  went  to  Cheyenne  and  clerked,  until 
he  joined  a  party  of  one  hundred  men  to  go  to  Dead- 
wood.  He  was  variously  employed  in  the  Black  Hills 
for  four  years.  Then  he  went  to  Gunnison,  Colorado, 

New  Mexico,  and  in  March,  1884,  he  came  over  the 
Trout  trail  to  Eagle  City.  He  did  a  saloon  business 
for  a  time  and  later  he  went  to  Wardner  and  located 
the  Keystone  and  King  group.  Although  they  shipped 
eighty  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  ore  the  vein  broke, 
and  the  sheriff  finally  sold  the  property  for  fifteen 
hundred  dollars.  In'  1888  Mr.  Tibbals  was  elected 
auditor  and  recorder  of  Shoshone  county  on  the  Dem- 
ocratic ticket,  and  in  1893  declined  to  run  again.  He 
was  offered  the  nomination  of  secretary  of  state,  but 
declined.  However,  they  put  up  his  name.  In  1897 
'Mr.  Tibbals  sold  his  saloon  interests  in  Wallace  and 
prospected  in  Revelstoke,  British  Columbia.  He  had 
some  claims  located  there  then.  In  the  fall  of  1897 
he  opened  his  present  place  of  business  at  117  How- 
ard street,  Spokane,  and  his  resort  is  the  headquarters 
for  all  Coeur  d'Alene  miners.  In  1900  Mr.  Tibbals 
sent  a  man  to  southwestern  Oregon,  who  located  the 
extension  of  the  famous  Dixie  Meadows  claims  near 
Prairie  City.  He  also  has  a  man  in  Alaska.  Mr. 
Tibbals  has  three  brothers:  Edward,  Robert  W., 
Charles  E.,  and  two  sisters,  Ida  M.  Anderson,  Alice 
G.  Dusenberry. 

'On  November  3,  1887,  at  Murray,  Mr.  Tibbals 
married  Miss  Mary  E.  Wallace,  and  to  them  one  son 
has  been  born.  Harry  A.,  aged  fourteen.  Mrs.  Tib- 
bals has  one  brother,  William  A.,  and  one  sister, 
Laura  Eastman. 


EUGENE  S.  FRIEND.  By  virtue  of  his  ability 
and  industry,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  has  arisen 
from  the  position  of  working  for  others  to  that  of  being 
proprietor  of  a  fine  general  merchandise  establish- 
ment in  Fraser,  which  he  now  conducts  in  company 
with  Mr.  Roberts.  Mr.  Friend  was  the  one  who  estab- 
lished the  business  and  made  it  a  prosperous  concern. 

Eugene  S.  Friend  was  born  in  Ft.  Smith,  Arkan- 
sas, on  January  16,  1874,  being  the  son  of  Efert  B. 
and  Lou  (Decherd)  Friend,  natives  of  Tennessee. 
The  father  died  when  Eugene  was  six  years  of  age 
and  the  mother  died  two  months  and  ten  days  after 
her  husband's  death.  Our  subject  then  went  to  live 


with  a  sister,  wife  of  Prof.  Thomas  B.  Hicks,  princi- 
pal of  the  graded  schools  at  Gravely  Hill,  Arkansas. 
Eugene  studied  in  the  common  schools  until  he  was 
twelve,  and  then  spent  four  years  in  the  Gravely  Hill 
Academy.  Succeeding  that  two  years  were  occupied 
in  riding  the  range  in  Indian  Territory,  after  which  he 
came  to  Dayton,  Washington,  where  he  worked  on 
a  ranch  for  three  years.  Then  Mr.  Friend  took  up 
the  well  boring  business,  and  for  some  time  did  ex- 
ceedingly well,  but  the  panic  of  1893  came  along,  and 
as  much  of  his  property  was  held  in  the  form  of  notes 
from  the  farmers,  he  lost  heavily.  The  next  move 
was  mining  in  the  Cracker  Jack  property  in  Baker 
City  district  for  one  year,  and  then  Mr.  Friend  came 
to  his  present  place  at  Fraser  and  took  eighty  acres 
of  government  land.  He  began  to  improve  the  land 
and  also  opened  a  little  store.  As  time  went  by  he  was 
enabled  to  enlarge  his  stock  and  also  built  and  pros- 
pered continuously.  Mr.  Friend  is  a  fine  salesman, 
manifesting  the  excellent  qualities  of  finding  what  is 
wanted  and  then  furnishing  it  at  the  right  prices.  He 
has  a  nice  piece  of  land,  part  timber  and  part  culti- 
vated. In  September,  1902,  Mr.  Friend  took  as  part- 
ner Mr.  Roberts,  who  is  mentioned  elsewhere,  and 
they  have  erected  a  fine  new  structure,  which  is  occu- 
pied. Above  the  store  is  a  fine  hall  used  for  the 
society  meetings  of  the  place.  Mr.  Friend  belongs 
to  the  M.  W.  A.,  which  meets  here.  Mr.  Friend  has 
one  brother  and  one  sister,  Herbert,  residing  in  Texas ; 
Maria,  wife  of  S.  D.  Story,  in  Georgia. 

On  February  19,  1896, 'Mr.  Friend  married  Miss 
Emma  Roberts,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  born  on 
February  3,  1874.  Her  parents  are  mentioned  else- 
where in  this  work.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
this  happy  union,  Earl  Bentley  and  Ralph.  Mr.  Friend 
is  a  Democrat  and  influential  in  the  campaigns.  He 
is  a  man  of  excellent  standing  in  the  community  and 
has  hosts  of  friends,  being  possessed  of  the  true  quali- 
ties of  worth  and  integrity. 


STANLEY  P.  FAIRWEATHER  is  a  representa- 
tive of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  who  does  honor  to 
his  country,  and  in  whom  the  people  have  reposed 
utmost  confidence,  induced  by  an  upright  life,  mani- 
festation of  integrity,  sound  principles,  and  capabili- 
ties. At  the  present  time  Mr.  Fairweather  is  enjoy- 
ing at  the  hands  of  the  intelligent  voters  of  the  county 
that  honor  which  comes  from  proper  recognition  of 
real  merit  and  reposing  of  confidence.  At  the  last 
election  his  name  appeared  on  the  Republican  ticket 
for  recorder  and  auditor  of  Shoshone  county  and 
ex  officio  clerk  of  the  district  court,  and  although 
he  was  conceded  to  have  the  hardest  fight  of  any  man 
on  the  ticket,  he  won  the  day  by  the  overwhelming 
majority  of  five  hundred  and  ninety  votes.  This  dem- 
onstated  his  standing  among  the  people  and  a  popu- 
larity which  has  been  brought  about  by  a  career  of 
uprightness  and  good  business  endeavor. 

Stanley  P.  Fairweather  was  born  in  Norton,  Kings 
county,  New  Brunswick,  on  August  7,  1860,  the  son 


1 156 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  Thomas  and  Adeline  (Belyea)  Fairweather,  na- 
tives of  New  Brunswick,  and  descended  from  loyal- 
ists who  went  to  Canada  in  1777.  The  mother  died 
in  1868,  but  the  father  lives  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts, 
retired.  Mr.  Fairweather  has  two  brothers,  George 
W.,  Franklin  O.,  and  three  half  brothers,  Thomas 
I.,  Lome,  Arthur.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
Petitcodiac,  where  also  he  learned  telegraphy  and  at 
the  early  age  of  fifteen  secured  a  position  as  assistant 
agent  iti  the  depot  of  this  town.  Two  years  later  he 
was  installed  at  Campbeltown,  at  the  end  of  a  di- 
vision, and  then  became  relief  agent  and  visited  vari- 
ous stations.  At  Metapediac,  Quebec,  he  was  agent 

trip  to  his  native  province,  and  he  was  given  the  im- 
portant duties  of  paymaster  and  manager  for  M.  J. 
Hogan,  contractor  on  the  New  Brunswick  railroad. 
Mr.  Fairweather  followed  railroading  in  the  east  in 
various  places  until  1890,  when  he  came  to  Tekoa, 
and  in  June  of  the  same  year  he  was  stationed  at 
Osborne.  About  two  years  later  he  retired  from  this 
line  of  work  and  sold  hay  and  grain  on  commission. 
In  1896  he  came  to  Wardner  and  opened  a  hardware 
and  crockery  store,  and  here  he  has  devoted  his  ener- 
gies in  building  up  a  good  trade,  which  his  ability 
and  deferential  treatment  of  all  have  consummated 
in  a  gratifying  manner. 

On  February  3,  1898,  Air.  Fairweather  married 
Miss  Lila  Johnson,  one  of  the  popular  school  teachers 
of  Wardner.  Mr.  Fairweather  is  a  member  of  the 
K.  P.  In  his  present  election  he  was  sought  after 
rather  than  seeking  the  office,  and  the  result  is  that 
the  people  of  Wardner  are  proud  to  send  to  the 
county  seat  a  representative  man,  a  patriotic  citizen, 
an  advocate  of  good  government,  and  a  master  of 
sound  business  principles;  and  the  county  is  to  be 
congratulated  to  secure  such  a  man  to  stand  at  the 
head  of  the  offices  entrusted  to  his  care.  Mr.  Fair- 
weather  has  hosts  of  warm  friends  on  every  hand, 
who  are  gratified  at  his  success,  and  who  are  well 
aware  that  the  interests  of  all  will  be  carefully  con- 
served, by  display  of  equity,  thoroughness,  and  well 
balanced  justice. 


EDWIN  SMITH,  who  dwells  in  the  town  of 
Kingston,  where  he  has  a  fine  plat  of  five  acres  and  a 
comfortable  and  commodious  cottage,  has  also  a 
farm  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  adjoining  the 
town.  He  handles  his  farm  and  does  a  genral  con- 
tracting business  in  timbers  and  timber  work.  He 
was  born  in  Shirley,  Maine,  on  April  2,  1849,  the 
son  of  David  and  Margaret  (Littlefield)  Smith,  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  work.  Our  subject  received 
his  education  from  the  district  schools,  and  he  walked 
three  and  one-half  miles  to  attend,  continuing  this  for 
ten  weeks  each  year.  In  1884  he  came  with  his 
brother,  F.rank,  mentioned  elsewhere,  from  Cheboy- 
gan,  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  Since  then  he 
has  devoted  himself  as  stated  above,  and  is  one  of 
the  prosperous  men  of  the  section. 

On   January    10,    1873,   Mr.   Smith   married    Miss 


Mary,  daughter  of  Daniel  S.'  and  Jane  Wheelock,  and 
to  this  union  three  children  were  born:  Clarence, 
manager  of  the  American  Labor  Journal,  at  Butte, 
Montana ;  Raymond,  bookkeeper  and  stenographer ; 
Dannie,  wife  of  Arthur  W.  Burleigh,  a  merchant  at 
Harrison.  On  January  10,  1899,  Mrs.  Smith  was 
called  hence  by  death. 

On  September  15,  1900,  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss 
Laura  L.,  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  (Fuqua) 
Canada,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  respect- 
ively, and  now  living  in  Clinton,  Missouri.  The 
father  has  been  messenger  for  the  bank  there  for 
eighteen  years.  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in  Cooper  coun- 
ty, Missouri,  on  October  2,  1869,  and  she  has  three 
brothers:  George,  William,  John,  and  two  sisters, 
Lydia  Kidd,  Anna  Buchanan.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith 
were  married  at  Wallace.  She  had  conducted  a  milli- 
nery store'  in  Missouri  and  in  Boise  for  some  years 
previous  to  her  marriage.  Mrs.  Smith  was  well  edu- 
cated in  Clinton,  Missouri. 


MICHAEL  WHITE.  When  the  frosts  of  four 
score  years  have  silvered  the  locks  of  the  worthy  pio- 
neer, and  his  life  stretches  as  a  vista  in  the  dim  dis- 


e past, 
achieve 


ses  and  achievements  have  become  history,  and  the 
sweet  memories  bring  the  heydey  times  of  youth, 
while  .calmer  judgment  now  holds  the  helm,  it  is  not 
infrequent  that  the  eye  casts  a  longing  and  inquiring 
look  into,  the  boundless  future,  and  the  wisdom  born 
from  experience  begins  to  ask,  "what  next  ?"  If  there 
is  a  man  in  the  state  of  Idaho  who  has  run  the  entire 
gamut  of  pioneer  and  frontier  experience  in  all  of 
its  phases  of  the  true  western  type,  which  is  largely 
an  experience  to  this  country,  and  has  outlived  the 
wear  and  tear  of  the  hardship,  the  arduous  labors, 
the  strain  of  great  finds  and  then  of  darker  days,  that 
man  is  the  worthy  gentleman  whose  name  is  at  the 
head  of  this  paragraph.  With  pleasure  we  are  given 
the  privilege  of  jotting  down  the  salient  points  in  a 
career  both  interesting  and  instructive. 

Michael  White  was  born  in  Tipperary,  Ireland, 
on  May  28,  1818,  being  the  sou  of  Thomas'  and  Mary 
(Hogan)  White.  The  father  came  from  a  long  lived 
family,  and  he  died  in  1851,  while  the  mother  also 
departed  this  scene  some  years  since.  Our  subject 
has  eight  brothers  and  one  sister,  with  whom  he  has 
had  no  fellowship  for  some  years,  as  he  has  lost 
track  of  the  whereabouts  of  their  barks  on  .the 
of  life.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  land,  and  when 
he  was  twenty-two  came  to  the  United  States.  He 
commenced  his  mining  career  in  the  Galena  district 
of  Illinois,  where  he  wrought  for  five  years.  Thai 
he  steamboated  on  the  Mississippi  for  three  years,  and 
in  1853  he  made  the  weary  trip  across  the  plains  to. 
California,  landing  in  the  Feather  river  district.  He 
delved  on  the  middle  fork  and  was  rewarded  with 
plenty  of  "dust,"  which  he  ever  spent  with  a  generous 
and  free  hand.  At  the  time  of  the  Fraser  river  ex- 
citement in  British  Columbia,  he  started  thither,  but 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


stoplped  in  Portland  and  took  life  easy  for  three 
years.  On  April  15,  1861,  he  landed  in.  the  Pierce 
district,  and  since  that  time  he  has  stayed  with  this 
part  of  the  country.  He  has  mined  and  sold  mines 
most  of  the  time  since.  He  sold  his  last  property 
some  time  since,  it  being  a  one-third  interest  in  a  one- 
hundred  and  forty  acre  placer.  Mr.  White  has  now  a 
good  hay  farm,  where  he  is  spending  his  time.  This 
was  taken  up  in  1890.  Mr.  White  is  well  known  all 
over  the  entire  district,  and  there  is  not  a  man,  woman 
or  child  who  would  not  speak  kindly  of  him  or  do 
him  a  favor,  which  shows  his  popularity.  He  is 
spending  the  golden  years  of  the  days  of  his  pilgrim- 
age in  quietness  and  in  the  seclusion  of  the  celiba- 
tarian, secure  in  the  esteem  and  good  will  of  all. 
He  has  made  a  first  class  record  in  his  work  of  de- 
veloping and  has  done  much  for  the  Pierce  district, 
as  many  properties  have  been  brought  to  the  front 
by  his  labor  and  skill. 


ABRAHAM  L.  SMITH  is  one  of  the  well  known 
residents  of  the  vicinity  of  Kingston,  and  he  is  now 
occupied  in  handling  his  father's  estate,  which  lies 
across  the  river  from  the  town.  He  was  born  in 
Shirley,  Maine,  on  April  15,  1865,  the  son  of  David 
and  Margaret  (Littlefield)  Smith,  mentioned  in  this 
work.  Abraham  was  raised  in  Cheboygan,  Michigan, 
whither  the  family  removed  when  he  was  two  years 
old.  In  1882  our  subject,  with  three  cousins  and  his 
father,  came  to  Lewiston,  Idaho,  and  worked  with  his 
brother,  Walter  A.,  who  had  settled  there  ten. years 
previously.  Then,  they  went  to  British  Columbia, 
where  the  father  had  a  saw  mill  and  was  cutting  for 
the  C.  P.  In  May,  1883,  Mr.  Smith  went  to  Port- 
land, then  returned  to  Lewiston  and  assisted  his 
brother  in  blasting  on  government  works  in  the  rap- 
ids in  the  Clearwater  river.  In  the  fall  of  1884  Mr. 
Smith  came  to  Kingston  and  has  remained  here  most 
of  the  time  since.  He  has  been  twice  in  the  east  and 
spent  two  years  as  marine  reporter  for  the  United 
News  Association  at  Mackinaw  City,  Michigan.  One 
mmer  was  spent  in  British  Columbia  prospecting. 
Mr.  Smith  is  now  operating  his  father's  farm  and  is 
getting  good  returns  from  the  fertile  place. 

On  October  29,  1889,  at  Mackinaw  City.  Michigan, 
Mr.  Smith  married  Miss  Margaret  Kelsey,  daughter 
of  Charles  M.  and  Mary  E.  (O'Reilly)  Kelsey.  Mrs. 
Smith  was  born  in  Jackson,  Michigan,  and  has  two 
brothers,  Roy  and  Fred,  and  one  sister,  Josephine. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith, 
Guy  F.,  Clayton,  Claire.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Republican 
and  takes  a  keen  interest  in  the  campaigns  and  con- 
ventions. 


ANNA  SCHMIDT  is  well  known  in  Kingston, 
and  is  at  the  present  time  conducting  the  hotel  with 
her  daughter.  They  are  the  recipients  of  a  good  pat- 
ronage and  have  displayed  excellent  qualifications  in 
the  art  of  caring  for  the  traveling  public.  Anna 


Schmidt  was  born  in  Germany  on  December  14,  1851, 
the  daughter  of  Christopher  and  Anna  (Rudolph) 
Boehme,  natives  of  German)-.  She  came  to  the  United 
States  with  her  parents  when  she  was  fifteen  and  in 
addition  to  the  excellent  educational  training  received 
in  her  native  country  she  took  a  course  in  the*  high 
schools  here.  Following  that  she  taught  for  some  time 
and  also  became  very  proficient  in  music.  She  was 
married  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in  1869,  but  later  she  be- 
came separated  from  her  husband,  and  in  1892  came 
to  Utah,  with  three  of  her  children.  She  did  nursing 
there  and  then  moved  to  Montana  and  later  arrived 
in  Kingston.  Off  and  on  she  has  been  in  this  town 
for  nine  years,  and  the  times  when  away  from  here 
was  in  Montana.  Mrs.  Schmidt  has  purchased  her 
home  here  and  is  now  handling  a  good  trade  in  the 
hotel,  which  is  conducted  by  herself  and  daughter, 
Sophia.  This  daughter  received  a  good  education  and 
spent  some  time  in  teaching  in  Colorado,  where  she 
was  married  to  Joseph  A.  Cramlet,  on  March  25, 
1894.  Mr.  Cramlet  has  property  interests  in  Wilbur, 
Washington,  which  demand  his  attention  there.  Two 
children  were  born  to  this  marriage,  Clyde  and  Theo- 
dore. Mrs.  Schmjdt  has  three  children  besides  Mrs. 
Cramlet,  Theodore,  Benjamin  and  Mrs.  Wilkinson. 
Theodore  and  Benjamin  have  property  in  and  about 
Kingston  and  are  highly  respected  young  men  of  good 
standing. 


CHARLES  O.  BRAHAM  is  a  young  man  well 
known  in  Kellogg  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district, 
whose  standing  is  first  class  and  who  has  manifested 
good  ability  and  industry  here.  He  is  at  present  en- 
gaged in  the  Bunker  Hill  mill  and  has  been  for  con- 
siderable time. 

Charles  O.  Braham  was  born  in  Iowa,  Howard 
county,  on  July  5,  1876,  the  son  of  Nels  and  Gine 
(Oleson)  Braham.  The  father  was  born  in  Norway, 
and  now  lives  in  Aurora,  South  Dakota,  engaged  in 
the  stock  business  and  handling  farm  implements.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Norway  and  still  lives  in  South 
Dakota.  Our  subject  remained  in  Iowa  until  six  and 
then  the  family  went  to  South  Dakota.  He  graduated 
from  the  high  school  in  Sioux  Falls,  then  taught  school 
for  two  years.  Next,  we  see  him  in  the  mercantile 
business  in  Minnesota,  and  one  year  later  he  sold 
out  and  engaged  as  traveling  salesman  for  the  Kim- 
hall  Piano  &  Organ  Company.  Five  years  were  spent 
in  this  labor,  and  in  1897  he  came  to  Idaho.  Settle- 
ment was  made  in  Wardner  and  then  after  a  year  or 
so  in  the  grocery  business  there,  Mr.  Braham  sold 
out,  and  after  the  strike  he  entered  the  Bunker  Hill 
mill,  where  we  find  him  engaged  at  this  time.  One 
year  since  then  was  spent  in  Nevada  and  California, 
where  he  visited  and  also  held  the  foremanship  of  the 
mill  at  DeLamar  for  four  months.  Mr.  Braham  has 
five  brothers  and"  two  sisters :  Henry,  Nels,  George, 
Benjamin,  Joseph,  Bertha,  Anna. 

At  Spokane,  on  January  22,  1903,  Mr.  Braham 
married  Miss  Estella,  daughter  of  Peter  M.  and  Em- 
maline  Johnson,  natives  of  Sweden  and  Wisconsin, 


1 158 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


respectively.  .  They  now  reside  at  Kellogg.  Mr.  Bra- 
ham  owns  property  in  Kellogg,  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  and  progressive  citizens.  He  is  a  stanch 
and  true  blue  Republican,  but  has  never  sought  pre- 
ferment from  his  party. 


EDWARD  R.  MATTHEW.  This  energetic  and 
skillful  mining  man  whose  labors  have  extended  over 
the  entire  northwest  and  who  has  been  instrumental 
in  locating  some  of  the  finest  claims  in  these  various 
sections,  is  now  a  citizen  of  the  Pierce  district,  and  it 
is  with  pleasure  that  we  incorporate  a  review  of  the 
salient  points  in  his  career,  especially  since  he  has 
been  very  active  and  instrumental  in  building  up  and 
developing  this  district. 

Edward  R.  Matthew  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Eng- 
land, on  August  9,  1863.  His  parents  were  natives  of 
Devonshire,  England.  The  father  died  in  1882,  aged 
forty-eight,  and  the  mother  "died  in  1889,  aged  fifty- 
eight.  Our  subject  came  to  the  United  States  about 
1886  and  followed  blacksmithing  and  steamfitting, 
which  trade  he  had  learned  thoroughly  in  the  old 
country.  He  also  has  served  as  artificer  in  the  British 
navy  for  two"  years.  From  Boston,  the  place  of  land- 
ing, he  came  direct  to  Tacoma,  and  for  three  years 
or  so  he  wrought  .at  his  trade.  Then  he  prospected  in 
the  Cascades  and  soon  had  the  noted  Little  Fill  lo- 
cated, whose  stock  sold  at  three  dollars  per  share  later. 
He  located  claims  all  through  the  prominent  Washing- 
ton mining  districts,  and  among  these  were  many  valu- 
able ones.  One  a  large  ledge  of  antimonal  silver,  or 
dyscrasite,  which  was  very  valuable.  About  this  time 
It  was  the  winter  of  1892-93,  Mr.  Matthew  met  with 
a  serious  accident  that  caused  the  loss  of  a  portion  of 
his  right  hand,  it  being  shot  away  by  the  accidental 
discharge  of  a  shot  gun.  The  following  spring  he 
came  to  Pierce  and  bought  an  interest  in  a  placer 
claim,  which  he  worked  for  three  years.  During 
the  excitement  of  the  opening  of  the  Colville  reserva- 
tion he  went  thither  and  located  thirty-one  claims, 
several  among  them  being  valuable.  Then  he  returned 
to  Pierce  again  and  in  the  fall  of  1900  he  located  the 
Stars  and  Stripes  and  the  Union  Jack,  quartz  claims, 
which  he  sold  to  Montana  parties.  The  following  May, 
in  company  with  W.  S.  Wilkinson,  he  discovered  the 
Wild  Rose,  a  valuable  claim.  He  was  grub  staked  by 
M.  A.  Ellis,  and  he  held  one-fourth  of  the  claim, 
which  he  sold  later  to  John  S.  Dunn  for  six  thousand 
dollars.  During  the  present  season  Mr.  Matthew  and 
his  partner,  R.  J.  Kelly,  located  the  Red  Cloud  group. 
This  group  contains  a  ledge  from  fourteen  to  twenty- 
eight  feet  in  width  of  porphyraceous  quartz,  which  is 
free  milling  and  runs  from  four  to  six  dollars  per  ton. 
They  have  run  a  thousand  feet  of  open  cut  work,  and 
have  bonded  the  claim  to  Spokane  parties  for  fifteen 
thousand  dollars. 

Mr.  Matthew  has  one  brother,  Richard,  a  promi- 
nent mining  engineer  at  Johannesburg,  Africa.  He 
also  had  one  brother,  Thomas,  who  was  a  well  known 
mining  man  at  Johannesburg,  but  he  died  in  1899,  aged 


forty- three.  Mr.  Matthew  also  has  one  sister,  Eliza, 
widow  of  R.  J.  Richards,  formerly  foreman  on  the 
dock  at  Plymouth.  Mr.  Matthew  is  in  single  blessed- 
ness and  is  also  a  reliable  and  well  informed  Demo- 
crat. Mr.  Matthew  has  the  esteem  and  respect  of 
all  and  has  shown  himself  a  man  of  worth  and  in- 
tegrity. 


WILLIAM  P.  WILKINSON  is  one  of  the  young 
men  of  Kingston,  whose  labors  have  met  with'  good 
success  and  who  has  so  conducted  himself  that  he  is 
held  in  high  esteem  by  all.  He  was  born  in  Lancashire, 
England,  on  October  21,  1870,  the  son  of  George  and 
Mary  (Postlethwaite)  Wilkinson,  natives  of  the  same 
place  and  their  deaths  occurred  in  1892  and  1903,  re- 
spectively. Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  land 
and  received  his  education  in  a  private  school.  In  1889, 
in  company  with  a  brother,  he  came  to  the  United 
States,  and  after  a  short  stay  in  New  York  he  went  to 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  and  wrought  in  t 
shoe  business.  Later  a  few.  weeks  were  spent 
in  Nebraska,  Texas,  Colorado,  and  settlement 
was  made'  in  Butte,  Montana,  where  he  wrought 
for  five  years  as  fireman  and  four  years 
engineer  "on  the  Great  Northern.  In  1900 
he  came  to  Kingston  and  settled  on  school  land  and 
since  then  has  devoted  himself  to  developing  and  i 
proving  his  farm  and  to  handling  timbers.  His  brother 
is  running  a  foundry  in  Salt  Lake  City,  at  present. 

On  September  22,  1895,  in  Helena,  Montana,  Mr. 
Wilkinson  married  Miss  Emma  S.,  daughter  of  Theo- 
dore L.  and  Anna:  (Boehme)  Schmidt,  natives  of 
Germany.  Mrs.  Wilkinson  was  born  in  Dubuqu< 
Iowa,  on  February  24,  1872,  and  has  two  brothers  and 
one  sister:  Theodore,  Benjamin,  Sophia,  who  reside 
with  their  mother  in  Kingston.  She  crossed  the  cot 
try  from  Iowa  to  Colorado  during  the  mining  excite- 
ment in  Colorado,  with  her  parents  in  prairie  schooni 
and  settled  in  Lake  City,  where  she  graduated  from  the 
high  school  in  1889,  after  which  she  taught  school  in 
various  parts  of  Colorado  and  Montana.  Mr.  Wilkin- 
son is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  Our  subject  and 
his  good  wife  are  well  respected  and  have  many  friends 
in  all  sections  where  they  are  known. 


ELBERT  C.  ROBY  is  associated  with  the  French 
Creek  Mining  and  Development  Company,  nine  miles 
east  from  Pierce,  and  they  own  one  of  the  promising 
properties  of  this  section.  Mr.  Roby  also  owns  a 
quarter  section  of  fine  land  on  the  reservation  and  is 
interested  further  in  mining  properties  in  different 
parts  of  the  Pierce  district. 

Elbert  C.  Roby  was  born  in  Landsgrove,  Vermont, 
on  December  10,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Daniel  W. 
and  Jane  (Lampson)  Roby,  natives  of  Vermont  and 
Hartford  county,  Connecticut,  respectively.  The  father 
was  a  mercnant  in  Vermont  and  his  father,  Moody 
Roby,  served  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  father  and 
mother  live  in  Gilroy,  California.  Elbert  was  raised 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1159 


in  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire,  and  there  educated, 
and  when  he  was  eighteen  he  came  to  Illinois,  where 
he  wrought  on  a  farm  for  two  years,  after  which  he 
went  to  Yamhill  county,  Oregon.  Puget  Sound  was 
the  place  where  we  see  him  next  and  in  i&tto  he  came 
to  Idaho  and  took  up  mining.  His  placer  property 
consists  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres.  His  farm 
lies  six  miles  from  Orofino  and  is  rented.  He  has  no 
brothers  or  sisters  living.  Mr.  Roby  is  affiliated  with 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Kendrick  Lodge  No.  26,  and  also 
with  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  in  the  same  place.  Mr.  Roby 
is  a  stanch  Republican  and  intelligent  in  the  principles 
of  his  party. 

On  January  23,  1883,  Mr.  Roby  married  Miss 
Emily,  daughter  of  Henry  L.  and  Susan  (Campbell) 
Patterson,  natives  of  Maine,  and  also  their  ancestors 
were  natives  of  the  same  state  for  many  generations. 
They  now  live  on  Cedar  creek,  Latah  county.  The 
wedding  occurred  in  Nez  Perces  county.  Mrs.  Roby 
was  born  in  Maine  and  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  James  and  Edward,  in  Nez  Perces  coun- 
ty ;  Bert  F.  and  Harry,  in  Boise ;  Carrie,  wife  of  Ed- 
win Robinson  ;  Mabel,  wife  of  Elmer  Jackson  ;  Lillian, 
wife  of  Roy  Whitinger.  Seven  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roby.  Pearl,  Maud,  and  Dean  be- 
ing the  only  ones  living. 

Mr.  Roby  lost  heavily  in  the  panic  of  1893-4,  and 
during  that 'time  he  was  also  farming  extensively  in 
Nez  Perces  county. 


CHARLES  A.  LAFAVRE  is  the  engineer  in  the 
rockhouse  of  the  Bunker  Hill  mill  in  Kellogg.  He  is 
a  man  of  good  qualities  and  a  substantial  and  patri- 
otic citizen,  always  allied  with  the  enterprises  that  are 
for  general  good  and  improvement. 

Charles  A.  Lafavre  was  born  in  Shelbyville,  Indi- 
ana, on 'November  8,  1866,  the  son  of  Elias  and"  Ellen 
(Adams)  Lafavre,  natives  of  Indiana  and  Illinois, 
respectively.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  descended 
from  the  French  Hugenots  and  died  in  1892,  aged 
forty-nine.  His  father  and  grandfather  were  born  in 
Maryland.  The  mother  of  our  subject  comes  from  the 
noted  Adams  family  of  New  England,  and  one  of  the 
most  prominent  families  in  the  American  cause  in  days 
of  the  formation  of  this  great  republic.  She  died  on 
December  27,  1875,  aged  thirty-two,  the  demise  occur- 
ring in  Illinois.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Indiana, 
graduated  from  the  schools  of  his  native  town  and  when 
seventeen  went  with  his  father  to  Wisconsin,  where  he 
labored  on  a  farm.  Later  he  came  with  his  father, 
stepmother  and  the  balance  of  the  family  to  Montana, 
and  when  they  went  to  Spokane  he  went' to  Rathdrum, 
where  he  worked  in  sawmills  for  some  time.  In  1897 
he  came  to  Kellogg  and  since  then  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  various  capacities  in  the  mines  and  mills.  Mr. 
Lafavre  has  two  brothers  and  one  half  sister:  Rich- 
ard E.,  Frank  B.,  Mamie. 

At  Coeur  d'Alene,  on  June  6,  1893,  Mr.  Lafavre 
married  Miss  Sadie  E.,  daughter  of  John  and  Fanny 
Shafer.  The  father  is  engaged  in  farming  near  Rath- 


'drum  and  the  mother  is  deceased.  Mr.  Lafavre  is  a 
member  of  the  Panhandle  Lodge  of  the  K.  of  P.  in 
Rathdrum.  He  is  a  Republican  in  political  persuasion 
and  takes  an  interest  in  the  questions  of  the  day.  Mr. 
Lafavre  owns  three  dwellings  in  Kellogg  and  rents 
two.  He  is  one  of  the  industrious  and  substantial  men 
of  the  town  and  stands  well. 


WINFIELD  S.  WILKINSON,  a  prominent 
mining  man  near  Pierce,  and  half  owner  of  the  Wild- 
rose,  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best  paying  mine  in 
the  Pierce  district,  was  born  in  Meadville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  January  10,  1864,  being  the  son  of  William 
H.  and  Lucinda  (Carmichael)  Wilkinson,  natives  of 
Scotland,  where  also  they  were  married.  They  came 
to  the  United  States  in  the  early  sixties.  The  father 
mined  in  Helena  and  all  over  the  west  until  1885,  and 
then  went  to  Queensland,  Australia,  where  he  is  en- 
gaged in  Placer  mining.  The  mother  died  on  Novem- 
ber 4,  1897,  at  Titusville,  Pennsylvania.  Her  people 
were  ship  builders.  Winfield  was  reared  in  Meadville 
and  educated  there  until  thirteen,  and  then  he  came  to 
Fort  Benton  and  commenced  his  mining  career,  which 
has  extended  to  every  camp  of  prominence  between 
Mexico  and  Brittsh  Columbia.  In  May,  1901,  he  came 
to  the  Pierce  district  and  discovered  the  Wildrose  on 
the  twenty-fifth.  It  has  a  true  fissure  vein  and  there 
is  a  streak  of  six  inches,  to  two  feet  that  is  extremely 
rich.  The  output  up  to  January  T,  1903,  was  $25,000. 
Mathew,  a  partner,  was  grub  staked  by  M.  A.  Ellis 
and  so  held  one  fourth  of  the  property.  He  sold  that 
for  six  thousand  dollars,  John  L.  Dunn  buying.  They 
have  a  three  stamp  mill  and  are  doing  well.  They 
have  a  shaft  one  hundred  and  seven  feet  deep  and  two 
drifts  of  one  hundred  feet  each  and  now  are  driving 
a  draining  tunnel.  Mr.  Wilkinson  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican and  has  been  deputy  sheriff  both  in  Deer 
Lodge  county,  Montana,  and  in  Shoshone  county. 

On  February  8,  1896,  Mr.  Wilkinson  married  "Miss 
Lillian,  daughter  of  'Alexander  and  Emma  (Bird) 
Mclntosh,  natives  of  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  and  Penn- 
sylvania, respectively.  The  father  was  of  Scotch  ex- 
traction and  came  to  San  Francisco  in  1852  and 
straightway  went  to  Plumas  county  mining  districts, 
where  he  remained  until  his  death  on  December  8,  1894. 
He  was  a  prominent  man  and  held  many  public  of- 
fices at  the  hands  of  an  appreciative  people,  being 
elected  county  supervisor  the  last  time  just  before  his 
death.  He  was  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and 
master  several  times  of  the  lodge.  The  mother  of 
Mrs.  Wilkinson  was  taken  to  Fort  Wayne  with  her 
parents  when  she  was  eight,  and  her  brother  was  a 
drummer  boy  in  the  Civil  war.  Her  granduncle, 
Tames  Bird,  was  the  hero  of  the  famous  ballad  sung 
by  every  school  boy.  Bird  had  fought  with  great  valor 
on  the  frontier  and  supposing  the  war  all  over  he  was 
going  home  and  was  arrested  for  desertion.  It  was 
fully  established  that  he  was  innocent  of  that  crime, 
but  a  jealous  captain,  who  feared  displacement  be- 
cause of  the  promotion  of  Bird,  which  was  sure  to 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


follow,  pushed  the  matter  hurridly  to  an  issue  and 
shot  Bird  while  the  bearers  of  the  reprieve  were  in' 
sight.  Mrs.  Wilkinson  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters:  William,  Edward,  Melville,  Douglas, 
John,  all  in  California ;  Hattie  Wilsey,  Mary  Dorser, 
Rosa,  Emma,  Kate  Brown.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilkinson 
have  two  children :  Annie  R.  and  Emma  W. 


PHILIP  BAUMAN,  who  is  one  of  the  substantial 
agriculturists  near  Kingston,  was  born  in  Germany, 
September  29,  1851,  the  son  of  Christoph  and  Chris- 
tina Bauman,  natives  of  Germany.  The  father  died 
when  Philip  was  small.  The  mother  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1870,  and  died  in  Illinois  on  February 
18,  1900,  aged  eighty-one.  Our  subject  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1866,  and  followed  the  confectionery 
business  in  St.  Louis  until  1873,  then  went  to  San 
Francisco;  two  years  later  we  find  him  in  Virginia 
City,  as  pastry  cook  in  the  International  Hotel ;  later 
he  started  a  restaurant  there  and  afterward  went  to 
Montana,  wnere  he  did  busines  for  some  time.  In 
1887  Mr.  Bauman  came  to  Wardner  and  opened  a 
bakery  and  restaurant,  and  one  year  later  sold  out  and 
came  to  Kingston ;  soon  thereafter  he  bought  a  squat- 
ter's right  on  his  present  place,  and  he  has  a  fine  farm 
well  improved  and  productive  of  good  dividends  annu- 
ally. Mr.  Bauman  has  one  brother,  Jacob,  and  the 
three  sisters,  Helen  Pagan-,  Margaret  Betz,  and  Chris- 
tina Smith. 

On  May  9,  1878,  at  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  Mr. 
Bauman  married  Miss  Bertha,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Katherina  Nickel,  natives  of  Germany,  where  the 
father  died  when  Mrs.  Bauman  was  a  child.  The 
mother  came  to  the  United  States  in  1874,  and  died 
in  New  York  City  on  January  n,  1875.  Mrs.  Bau- 
man was  born  in  Germany  on  January  15,  1856,  and 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1873.  She  has  five 
brothers:  Carl,  Adolph,  Robert,  Hermann,  Gustave, 
and  one  sister,  Pauline  Fortried.  Fifteen  children  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bauman,  of  whom  the  fol- 
lowing are  living:  Ella  Brown,  Bertha,  Otto,  Philip, 
Pauline,  Robert,  Frederick,  Thelma,  Helen.  Mr. 
Bauman  is  independent  in  politics  and  a  man  of  good 
stanch  policy.  He  and  his  estimable  wife  are  very 
highly  respected  people  and  have  the  confidence  and 
good  "will  of  all. 


GEORGE  F.  BITNER  is  a  heavy  property  owner 
in  Wardner  and  other  portions  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country,  while  at  the  present  time  he  is  conducting  a 
wholesale  business-  in  Kellogg,  handling  the  goods  of 
the  Sunset  brewery  of  Wallace,  and  being  local  agent 
for  Gall  &  Burke  of  Spokane. 

George  F.  Bitner  was  born  in  Pensylvania  on 
March  17,  1857,  the  son  of  Henry  and  Nancy  (Glass) 
Bitner,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  German  ex- 
traction. The  father  served  in  the  Civil  war  with  a 
Pennsylvania  regiment  for  nine  months.  At  the  second 


mnded  by  a  shell.     He 
-J  -'"-nishes.    He 


battle  of  Antietam  we  v 
fought  in  many  engagem 
a  prominent  business  man  and  for  years  conducted  a 
large  nursery.  He  died  in  Pennsylvania  in  1894,  aged 
sixty-eight.  The  mother  of  our  subject  died  in  1882, 
aged  fifty-six.  Her  mother  lived  to  be  ninety-eight 
years  of  age.  Our  subject  was  educated  and  remained 
in  his  native  state  until  1877,  then  came  to  Ohio  and 
engaged  in  various  businesses  until  1880,  in  which  year 
he  came  west  to  Colorado.  He  worked  for  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande,  on  the  first  line  into  Leadville  and  in 
1881  opened  a  saloon  in  Antonito.  This  he  sold  in  1883 
and  came  to  Montana  in  the  same  business.  In  1884 
Mr.  Bitner  came  to  Murray  and  prospected  and  mined 
until  the  fall  of  1889,  when  he  opened  a  saloon  in 
Wardner,  which  he  conducted  until  1900,  when  he  sold 
the  business  and  opened  in  his  present  line.  Mr.  Bitner 
took  a  trip  east  between  selling  and  opening  in  this  line 
and  now  is  devoting  his  attention  to  handling  the  goods 
of  these  breweries,  with  mineral  waters  and  so  forth. 
Mr.  Bitner  owns  three  business  buildings  and  six  dwell- 
ings in  Wardner,  owns  business  and  residence  prop- 
erty in  'Kellogg  and  other  property.  He  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister:  William  H.,  a  retired  capitalist;  Mrs. 
Lizzie  Collaton. 

On  October  16.  1901,  Mr.  Bitner  married  Miss 
Lizzie  Krebs,  of  Wardner.  She  has  three  brothers. 
Two  children,  Ella  M.  and  William  H.,  have  been 
born  to  this  union.  Mr.  Bitner  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  P.  and  Eagles,  and  in  political  alliance  is  with  the 
Republicans. 


LOUIE  W.  STEDMAN,  who  is  well  known  in  i 
ing  circles  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  is  descended 
from  some  leading  families  and  is  a  man  of  excellent 
native  ability  and  is  always  dominated  by  skill  and  a 
keen  sense  of  honor.  He  was  born  in  Dixon,  Illinois, 
on  August  27,  1861,  the  son  of  Asa  W.  and  Nellie 
(Wood)  Stedman.  The  father  was  born  in  New  York 
and  was  one  of  the  best  known  traveling  salesmen  in 
Chicago  for  forty  years.  His  father  was  a  well-to-do 
farmer  near  Owego,  Tioga  county,  New  York,  and 
came  from  the  old' Stedman  family.'  His  mother  was  a 
Wolverton  and  came  from  England,  her  father  being  a 
son  of  Lord  Wolverton  of  England.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  lives  in  Los  Angeles,  California.  Her  fa- 
ther came  from  Fayetteville,  New  York,  to  old  Fort 
Dearborn  with  ox  teams  in  1830  and  located  at  Oregon, 
Illinois,  one  hundred  miles  west  from  where  Chicago 
is  now.  He  was  a  prominent  politician  and  stumped 
the  state  with  Lincoln,  driving  by  team.  He  was 
president  of  the  Old  Settlers'  Association  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  His  father  was  a  prominent  man  in  the 
Revolution  and  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne  was  on  his 
farm.  The  mother  of  our  subject  is  a  leading  member 
of  the  Daughters  of  the  Revolution.  Her  mother, 
Sophie  Bennett  is  a  first  cousin  of  ex-Governor  David 
B.  Hill,  of  New  York,  and  is  descended  from  Joel 
Barlow,  the  poet  friend  of  George  Washington  and  our 
first  minister  to  France.  Mrs.  Stedman,  the  mother 
of  Louie,  possesses  the  will  of  this  gentleman.  She 


LOUIE  W.  STEDMAN. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


was  delegate  to  the  last  convention  of  the  Daughters 
of  the  Revolution  and  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Colonial  Dames. 

Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  Chicago 
until  ten,  then  went  to  live  with  his  paternal  grand- 
parents in  Owego  and  later  attended  the  Cornell 
Military  College  in  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa.  In  1878,  Mr. 
Stedman  went  to  Leadville  for  his  health  and  mined. 
Three  years  later  he  went  east  and  for  six  years  was 
with  the  American  Rubber  Company.  After  this  he 
took  charge  of  their  store  in  St.  Paul  for  four  years. 
Subsequent  to  this  he  came  west  and  prospected  all 
over  the  British  Columbia  country  and  adjacent  dis- 
tricts. In  September,  1898,  Mr.  Stedman  came  to 
Murray  and  later  organized  the  Paragon  Mining  Com- 
pany of  which  he  is  manager  at  the  present  time. 
Their  property  is  in  the  Summit  mining  district  six 
miles  east  from  Murray  and  in  addition  to  this  Mr. 
Stedman  has  much  other  property.  Mr.  Stedman  has 
one  brother,  Homer  A. 

On  February  20,  1897,  at  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  Mr. 
Stedman  married  Miss  Ida,  daughter  of  August  Wille, 
who  died  when  she  was  young.  The  mother  is  still 
living  in  St.  Paul.  Mrs.  Stedman  was  born  in  St. 
Paul  on  March  29,  1878.  She  has  one  brother,  Ed- 
ward, and  two  sisters,  Ella,  Carrie.  She  also  has  one 
half-brother,  Herbert  Schmidt.  Mrs.  Stedman  is  an 
accomplished  musician  and  artist  and  is  a  leading  and 
cultured  lady  in  this  section  where  she  has  hosts  of  warm 
friends.  MY.  Steadman  is  a  member  of  the  Elks,  the 
K.  of  P.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Republican,  state  central  comittee.  It  is  of 
note  that  Enoch  Wood,  the  maternal  grandfather  of 
our  subject,  brought  John  Farwell  and  C.  P..  Farwell, 
ex-United  States  Senator,  to  Chicago  on  a  load  of 
wheat. 

Mr.  Stedman  is  at  the  present  time  managing  one 
of  the  best  properties  of  the  district,  the  Paragon,  and 
is  deeply  interested  in  the  development  and  advance- 
ment of  the  surrounding  country  and  is  an  enterpris- 


WILLIAM  B.  WADSWORTH,  a  successful  and 
leading  business  man  of  Kellogg,  and  junior  member 
of  the  firm  of  Gilbert  &  Wadsworth,  general  merch- 
ants of  that  town,  is  a  young  man  of  fine  capabilities, 
marked  integrity  and  worth  and  comes  from  one  of  the 
most  prominent  American  families.  He  was  born  in 
Marshall,  Missouri,  on  August  15,  1874,  the  son  of 
Burton  and  Abigail  (Crockett)  Wadsworth.  The 
father  was  born  in  Maine  and  came  from  a  very  promi- 
nent New  England  family,  the  progenitors,  William 
and  Christopher  Wadsworth,  coming  to  the  wild 
shores  of  New  England  in  the  good  ship  Lion,  in 
1624.  They  were  of  the  stanch  old  Puritan  stock 
and  their  descendants  were  prominent  in  the  various 
wars,  especially  so  in  the  Revolution  and  the  war  of 
1812.  The  father  died  in  Missouri  in  1882,  aged^ forty- 
nine.  The  grandmother  of  our  subject  on  his  father's 
side  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  William  Bradford, 


second  governor  of  the  old  Plymouth  colony.  The 
Wadsworth  family  are  leading  people  in  New  Eng- 
land and  in  numerous  cases  have  shown  themselves 
great  public  benefactors.  The  mother  of  our  subject, 
a  native  of  Maine,  now  living  in  Missouri,  is  also  a 
descendant  of  a  prominent  New  England  family.  Will- 
iam B.  was  raised  in  Missouri  until  1897,  having 
graduated  from  the  high  school  in  his  native  place  and 
also  served  as  salesman  in  the  "Bullen  department  store 
in  Kansas  City.  In  1897  Mr.  Wadsworth  came  to 
Kellogg  and  for  two  years  was  principal  of  the  town 
schools.  Then  he  entered  partnership  with  Henry  T. 
Gilbert,  husband  of  his  sister,  and  they  are  now  oper- 
ating a  thriving  establishment.  Mr.  'Gilbert  and  his 
wife  and  her  sister  are  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
work. 

On  June  26.  1902,  Mr.  Wadsworth  married  Miss 
Edna  V.,  daughter  of  Wallace  and  Lenore  Anderson, 
of  Wallace,  the  wedding  occurring  there  also.  They 
have  one  child,  Morris  B.,  born  March  28,  1903.  Mr. 
Wadsworth  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Congre- 
gational church  in  Kellogg.  He  is  a  Republican  and 
well  informed. 


SAMSON  SNYDER,  JR.  A  business  man  of 
ability  and  keen  discrimination  that  have  led  him  to 
succeed  well  in  all  his  undertakings,  and  now  at  the 
head  and  owner  of  a  thriving  general  merchandise 
establishment  in  Pierce,  a  public  minded  and  patriotic 
citizen,  and  always  ready  to  aid  any  enterprise  that  is 
for  the  welfare  of  the  town  or  district,  and  a  pro- 
gressive and  stirring  man  of  sound  principles,  we  with 
pleasure  accord  an  epitome  of  his  career  space  in  the 
history  of  his  county. 

Samson  Snyder,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Randolph  county, 
West  Virginia,  on  August  9,  1868,  being  the  son  of 
Samson  and  Elizabeth  (Boner)  Snyder,  natives  of 
West  Virginia.  The  father  was  born  on  August  19, 
1835,  and  now  lives  retired  in  Harmon,  West  Virginia. 
He  served  three  and  one-half  years  in  the  Civil  war 
and  the  details  of  some  of  his  life  are  intensely  interest- 
ing. He  enlisted  in  the  Home  Guards  and  was  elected 
captain  of  his  company,  having  been  chief  spirit  in 
organizing  it.  They  enlisted  in  a  body  and  were  joined 
to  the  Thirty-second  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He 
had  many  narrow  escapes  and  was  wounded  several 
times.  Once  his  leg  was  broken.  He  was  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Rich  Mountain  and  Carricks  Ford,  and  in  very 
many  skirmishes.  His  company  was  largely  in 
skirmish  duty  and  was  under  McClellan.  He  was  a 
scout  for  the  general  on  numerous  occasions.  His 
father,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  in  sympathy 
with  the  Confederates  in  the  commencement  of 'the  war, 
but  later  changed  his  mind  and  enlisted  in  the  Union 
forces,  in  his  son's  company.  He  was  detailed  on 
scout  duty  most  of  the  time  and  the  Confederates  had 
a  heavy  reward  placed  on  his  head.  He  was  captured 
many  times,  but  always  succeeded  in  escaping.  He 
was  a  man  of  intense  spirit  and  rendered  valuable 
service  to  his  country.  Captain  Snyder  was  captured 
once  and  was  tortured  by  being  forced  to  remove  his 


HISTORY   OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


boots  and  walk  over  frozen  ground.  Captain  Hutton,  a 
Rebel  officer,  was  holding  his  arm  in  this  barbarous 
proceeding,  and  as  they  came  to  the  edge  of  a  stream, 
Captain  Snyder  shoved  the  unwary  Rebel  down  the 
bank  and  took  to  the  woods.  More  than  a  hundred  shots 
were  fired  at  him,  but  he  escaped  them  all  and  got 
away.  But  he  was  in  a  rebel  settlement  and  had  to 
go  thirty  miles  barefoot  over  two  mountain  ranges  to 
get  to  the  Union  lines.  It  is  of  note  that  Hutton,  the 
rebel  who  was  tumbled  down  the  bank,  is  now  living 
in  the  same  county  with  Captain  Snyder  and  it  speaks 
volumes  for  the  honor  and  noble  manhood  of  the  latter 
that  he  is  friendly  to  his  former  persecuter.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  was  married  in  West  Virginia 
and  came  from  Scotch  ancestry.  She  is  now  living,' 
aged  sixty-three.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  his  native 
place  and  educated  in  the  district  school  and  later  in 
the  West  Virginia  University,  and  was  appointed  ca- 
det by  Hon.  T.  C.  Green,  regent  of  the  University. 
He  returned  to  his  parents  before  graduation  and  in 
1891  came  to  southern  Idaho,  spending  six  months  at 
Nampa.  Then  he  came  to  Moscow  and  thence  to 
Fraser,  where  he  homesteaded  a  quarter  section.  He 
farmed  and  raised  stock  until  1901,  then  opened  a  hotel 
in  Pierce  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  started  a 
miners'  supply  store,  which  has  become  one  of  the 
leading  general  merchandise  establisments  ot  the  town. 
Mr.  bnyder  has  seven  brothers  and  four  sisters.  He 
was  married  on  November  2,  1892,  at  Fraser,  Eliza- 
beth C.,  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Adell  (Tupper) 
Clark,  natives  of  Michigan,  becoming  his  bride  on  that 
occasion.  Mr.  Clark  and  his  family  now  reside  at 
Weippe.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  this  union : 
Vergie,  Erma  P.,  and  Oro  Lolo.  In  addition  to  his 
business,  Mr.  Snyder  has  four  hundred  and  eighty 
acres  of  land,  of  which  one  hundred  acres  are  hay  and 
orchard  and  the  balance  in  fine  yellow  pine  timber.  Mr. 
Snyder  is  an  active  Republican. ' 


THEODORE  BROWN  has  spent  a  life  of  con- 
stant and  stirring  activity  in  various  portions  of  the 
west,  and  the  salient  points  of  his  career  will  be  inter- 
esting to  the  readers  of  this  history.  He  was  born  in 
California,  April  i,  1863,  the  son  of  Peter  A.  and 
Emma  Brown,  natives  of  Sweden  and  Germany,  re- 
spectively, and  now  living  in  California.  The  father 
was  a  sea  captain  and  our  subject  was  contented  with 
the  land  only  until  he  was  seven  years  of  age,  when 
he  slipped  away  and  became  cabin  boy  on  the  Blue 
Jacket.  He  sailed  the  seas  until  1876,  being  in  all 
portions  of  the  globe ;  while  on  board  the  Blue  Jacket 
young  Brown  learned  to  read  and  write  and  although 
he  never  attended  school  one  day  in  his  life,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  securing  a  very  fine  education  and  is  a 
very  well  informed  man.  From  1876  until  1880  he 
rode  the  range  for  Carr  and  Tevis ;  next  we  see  him  at 
the  Placer  fields  at  Baker  City,  Oregon,  where  he  lo- 
cated a  claim  from  which  his  partner  afterward  became 
very  wealthy.  On  December  23,  1883,  Mr.  Brown 
landed  at  Eagle  City,  and  prospected  until  1886;  he  re- 


nity   of    Murray   doing 
claim  he  and  his 


mained  there  and  in  the  vie 
mining  and  prospecting,  and  c 
partners  took  out  twenty-five  to  fifty  dollars  per  day 
for  each  man ;  this  continued  for  a  year ;  then  he 
worked  in  the  Golden  Chest  and  afterward  came  to 
what  is  now  Wardner.  While  working  in  the  Idaho 
he  grubstaked  Ben  Thompkins,  who  located  eleven  fine 
claims  in  the  Libby  creek  district,  in  Montana.  Mr. 
Brown  went  thither,  but  as  the  Indians  killed  Mr. 
Thompkins  he  was  unable  to  secure  the  claim.  Later 
Mr.  Brown  located  some  fine  properties  in  Spring 
Gulch,  also  on  Flat  creek.  In  Spring  Gulch  he  had  a 
fraction  between  the  O.  R.  and  N.  and  the  Keystone. 
He  spent  seven  thousand  dollars  in  developing  this 
property,  but  in  the  crisis  of  1893  lost  it  all.  Then 
came  a  trip  to  California  overland  with  a  photographit 
outfit.  In  1894  he  was  again  in  Wardner,  working  in 
various  mines.  He  has  been  foreman  or  shift  boss  in 
the  Bunker  Hill,  Tiger,  and  Poorman  and  other  prop- 
erties of  the  mines.  Mr.  Brown  is  interested  in  the 
Shoup,  the  Idaho,  the  High  Up,  the  Teddy  and  the 
Brown  Fraction,  on  Pine  creek,  while  he  has  a  half 
interest  in  nine  claims  in  southwestern  Oregon,  from 
which  they  have  received  assays  from  one  to  nine 
thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Brown  has  two  brothers :  Oscar, 
Harmon,  and  one  sisfer,  Lilly. 

On  June  22,  1898,  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss  Ella  L.( 
daughter  of  Phillip  and  Bertha  Bowman,  natives  of 
Germany,  now  living  near  Kingston.  Mrs.  Brown 
was  born  in  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  on  November  14, 
1878.  They  have  three  children :  Theodore,  Eleanor 
and  J.  Olive.  Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P. 
at  Wardner,  and  a  strong  Republican. 


JOSEPH  G.  ECCLES.  A  competent  and  ener- 
getic man,  who  knows  how  and  does  the  intricate  work 
of  his  responsibile  position  in  a  skillful  and  quiet  man- 
ner and  who  has  gained,  because  of  his  real  worth,  the 
approbation  and  esteem  of  all,  it'  is  fitting  that  he  be 
accorded  space  in  the  history  of  Shoshone  county. 

Joseph  G.  Eccles  was  born  in  Lancashire,  England, 
on  February  16,  1862,  being  the  son  of  William  and 
Emily  (Massey)  Eccles.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1879,  to  J°'n  his  father  in  Lawrence,  Massachusetts, 
who  had  come  to  this  country  before  our  subject  was 
born.  Joseph  was  in  Massachusetts  for  six  months 
and  then  came  to  Chicago,  and  thence  to  Colorado, 
and  from  that  time  to  the  present  he  has  followed  min-  x 
ing.  He  has  operated  in  Arizona,  California,  eastern 
Oregon  and  other  places,  and  in  1894  came  to  the 
Pierce  district.  He  soon  located  a  quartz  claim  on 
French  creek  and  has  made  a  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  foot  cross  cut  besides  running  one  hundred  feet 
on  the  ledge.  In  the  spring  of  1895  he  accepted  the 
position  of  foreman  of  the  Crescent  Consolidated  Min- 
ing Company,  whose  property  is  three  miles  east  from 
Pierce.  They  have  a  five  stamp  mill  and  a  shaft  three 
hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  deep  besides  a  thousand 
feet  of  tunneling  on  each  of  two  levels.  Mr.  Eccles 
was  also  superintendent  of  the  Red  Rover  mines  at 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Ravenna,  California,  for  five  years.  He  was  foreman 
of  the  Monumental  fourteen  months  in  the  Granite 
district  near  Sumpter,  Oregon. 

Mr.  Eccles  is  still  enjoying  the  quietness  of  the 
celibatarian's  life.  He  has  one  brother,  John,  residing 
in  England.  Mr.  Eccles  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  in  Los  Angeles,  California.  Politically  he  is 
allied  with  the  Republicans  and  is  intelligent  in  the 
questions  of  the  day. 


LEROY  TUCKER.  In  the  person  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  we  have  before  us  one  of  the  stirring 
and  capable  young  business  men  of  Kingston.  His 
achievements  have  manifested  his  ability  in  the  busi- 
ness world,  and  his  clean  and  upright  walk,  his  in- 
tegrity and  sound  principles. 

Leroy  Tucker  was  born  in  Blair,  Nebraska,  on  June 
8,  1874,'  the  son  of  Erastus  F.  and  Susan  (Denny) 
Tucker.  The  father  crossed  the  plains  to  California 
•and  in  1876  went  to  Oregon,  settling  near  Prairie  City. 
The  John  Day  Valley  was  the  scene  of  young  Tucker's 
childhood  days  and  after  the  district  school  was  com- 
pleted he  received  a  good  course  at  the  University  at 
Salem.  On  account  of  ill  health,  however,  he  was  un- 
able to  remain  until  graduation ;  from  there  he  came  to 
Kingston  and  soon  filed  on  a  homestead  two  and  a  half 
miles  from  town,  which  he  has  improved  in  a  wonder- 
ful manner ;  in  addition  to  this  he  is  in  partnership  with 
his  brother-in-law,  Robert  W.  Hunt,  and  together  they 
do  a  large  business  in  handling  mining  timber.  Mr. 
Tucker  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  in  political 
matters  he  reserves  for  his  own  decision  all  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day  ;  consequently  he  is  independent. 


EDWARD  G.  STONEBREAKER  is  well  known 
in  Kellogg,  where  he  is  operating  a  cigar  store  and 
billiard  hall,  having  recently  purchased  the  same  from 
Price  Brothers.  Mr.  Stonebreaker  is  also  one  of  the 
blacksmiths  at  the  Bunker  Hill  mill  at  Kellogg  and 
while  his  days  are  given  to  his  work  he  spends  the 
evenings  in  attending  to  his  business,  which'is  operated 
in  the  day  by  his  clerk.  Soon  Mr.  Stonebreaker  in- 
tends to  resign  the  industrial  labor  and  devote  his  en- 
tire attention  to  his  store. 

Edward  G.  Stonebreaker  was  born  in  Iowa,  on  No- 
vember 30,  1859,  the  son  of  Sebastian  and  Mary  J. 
(Snyder)  Stonebreaker.  The  father  was  born  in  Indi- 
ana and  died  in  Kansas  in  1897,  aged  fifty-three.  He 

mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Kentucky  of  German 
extraction  and  died  in  1883,  aged  forty-five.  Our  sub- 
ject was  raised  in  Kansas,  educated  there  and  there 
learned  the  blacksmith  trade.  When  twenty  he  stepped 
forth  from  the  paternal  roof  and  worked  in  various 
parts  of  the  state  until  1891,  when  he  came  to  Seattle 
and  opened  a  general  shop,  which  he  conducted  with 
success  for  three  and  one-half  years.  Then  he  came 
to  Farming-ton,  Washington,  where  he  operated  a 


shop  for  six  years.  In  1900  Mr.  Stonebreaker  came  to 
Kellogg  and  took  his  present  position  in  the  mill.  On 
January  i,  1903,  he  purchased  his  cigar  store  and  is 
doing  a  good  business.  Mr.  Stonebreaker  has  two 
brothers  and  two  sisters:  Squire  F.,  Elsie  C.,  Emma 
Minnear,  Hattie  Corren. 

At  Washington,  Kansas,  Mr.  Stonebreaker  married 
Miss  Artie  M.,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Nancy  Starcher. 
She  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister :  Lafayette,  Jacob, 
Anna  Grow.  They  have  one  adopted  child,  Oxcil 
Westbery,  now  twenty-four  years  old.  Mr.  Stone- 
breaker  "is  a  member  of  the  I/O.  O.  F.,  of  the  W.  W. 
and  of  the  Industrial  Union.  He  is  a  stanch  Republi- 
can and  takes  the  part  of  the  intelligent  citizen  in  po- 
litical matters  and  is  a  good  substantial  man. 


FRED  ROOS,  JR.,  is  a  westener  by  birth  as  well 
as  in  his  sterling  pioneer  qualities.  He  was  born  in 
Latah  county,  near  Palouse,  on  February  4,  1876,  be- 
ing the  son  of  Ferdinand  and  Katherine  (Young) 
Roos,  natives  of  Germany  and  now  residing  in  Lewis- 
ton.  The  father  resided  in  England  for  many  years 
and  then  came  to  the  United  States  when  fifteen,  and 
was  alone  on  the  trip.  He  was  in  California  in  early 
days  and  in  Idaho  as  early  as  1870.  He  is  a  rioted 
violinist  and  has  a  first-class  reputation  as  a  musician. 
Our  subject  was  raised  on  a  farm  near  Palouse  and 
later  went  to  Lewiston,  the  family  moving  there.  He 
labored  with  his  father  for  years,  studied  in  the  graded 
school  at  Lewiston  and  in  Vashon  college  and  in  April. 
1901,  he  came  to  Pierce.  He  soon  bought  an  interest 
with  Mr.  Gisel  and  they  now  do  a  saloon  business 
under  the  name  of  Gisel  &  Roos.  Mr.  -Roos  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  the  Rebekahs,'  and  Maccabees. 

Mr.  Roos  married  Miss  Martha  E..  daughter  of 
Christopher  and  Nora  Held,  and  a  native  of  Clinton, 
Iowa,  on  April  10,  1901. 


ROBERT  W.  HUNT  is  one  of  the  leading  young 
men  of  Kingston;  his  property  holdings  indicate  a 
wisdom,  thrift  and  enterprise  that  have  always  charac- 
terized him  and  which  have  brought  their  sure  and 
gratifying  results.  He  was  born  in  Colfax  county. 
Nebraska,  on  February  6,  1880,  the  son  of  Thomas  W. 
and  Jeanete  B.  (Buchanan)  Hunt,  mentioned  in  this 
volume  elsewhere.  Robert  W.  was  educated  in  his 
native  place  and  in  Hyde  county,  South  Dakota:  he 
came  to  Kingston  with  the  balance  of  the  family  and 

venture  was  to  lease  a  quarter  section  from  John 
Whitehead,  which  land  he  is  still  cultivating  and  in- 
tends soon  to  purchase.  He  has  reaped  good  return? 
for  his  labor  on  this  land  and  in  addition  to  handling 
that,  he  has  taken  a  quarter  section  of  government 
land  near  by,  which  he  is  improving.  Mr.  Hunt  is 
also  contracting  mining  timber  and  does  a  large  busi- 

On  August  4,  1901,  at  his  father's  home  in  Kings- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


ton,  Robert  W.  Hunt  married  Miss  Mary  E.,  daughter 
of  Erastus  F.  and  Susan  (Denny)  Tucker,  natives  of 
Indiana,  and  now  residing  in  Salem.  Mrs.  Hunt  was 
born  in  eastern  Oregon  on  January  27,  1883;  her 
parents  had  come  to  Prairie  City  across  the  plains  in 
early  days  and  she  spent  her  childhood  days  at  her 
native  place  and  at  Salem,  Oregon,  where  she  received 
a  fine  education.  She  has  four  brothers  and  three  sis- 
ters:  Leroy,  Frederick,  Edwin,  Harry,  Rodence  Law- 
rence, Hetty,  Annie  Perry,  who  died  in  1894,  aged 
twenty-two.  Mr.  Hunt  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A. 
He  and  his  wife  are  popular  members  of  society  and 
of  excellent  standing  in  the  community. 


FRANK  S.  SMITH,  who  has  a  comfortable  and 
cosy  home  on  the  Main  street  of  Kingston,  is  one  of  the 
bright  and  energetic  young  men  who  have  wrought 
well  since  coming  to  this  country ;  he  gives  his  atten- 
tion entirely  to  river  work,  doing  both  boating  and 
driving  logs.  Frank  S.  Smith  was  born  in  Sheboygan, 
Michigan,  on  July  20,  1876,  the  son  of  Frank  and 
Elizabeth  (Page)' Smith,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
volume-;  he  came  to  Kingston  with  the  balance  of  the 
family  in  1885,  and  has  since  remained  here. 

On  September  28,  1899,  at  Kingston,  Mr.  Smith 
married  Miss  Nora  M.,"  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Jeanette  B.  (Buchanan)  Hunt,  also  mentioned  in  this 
work.  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in  Nebraska  on  January 
28,  1879;  two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, 
Lester  E.,  aged  three,  Lloyd  Clinton,  born  May  16, 
1903.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the  M.  \V .  A.  and  is 
one  of  the  popular  young  men  of  this  section;  he  has 
manifested  industry  and  close  attention  to  business, 
which  have  given  him  the  esteem  of  the  community  and 
a  goodly  holding  of  property. 


JOHN  M.  ELLIOTT.  This  genial  and  affable 
gentleman,  who  is  now  deputy  sheriff  of  the  Wardner 
district,  has  for  a  long  time  been  in  business  in  Ward- 
ner and  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  substantial  men 
there,  while  in  political  matters,  although  he  has  never 
sought  preferment,  still  he  has  been  placed  in  various 
offices  of  responsibility  by  the  call  of  the  people,  always 
running  ahead  of  his  ticket. 

John  M.  Elliott  was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  April  24,  1870,  the  son  of  John  and  Matilda 
E.  (Baldwin)  Elliott,  natives  respectively  of  Gibson 
county  and  Vincennes,  Indiana.  The  father  died  in 
1 88 1,  aged  fifty- four  and  the  mother  passed  away  in 
1899,  both  at  Dayton,  Washington.  Mr.  Elliott  served 
four  years,  five  months  and  ten  days  in  Company  E, 
Twenty-fourth  Indiana  Infantry.  He -was  wounded 
twice  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh  and  languished  seven 
weeks  in  the  hospital.  Later  he  suffered  the  horrors 
of  death  in  Libby  prison  for  four  months  and  only 
his  exchange  saved  his  life.  He  was  in  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg  as  also  in  many  other  prominent  engage- 
ments, in  fact  he  was  in  active  service  all  the  time  of 


his  enlistment,  except  the  time  of  hospital  and  prison 
incarceration.  His  company,  E,  was  the  first  one  of 
Indiana  to  respond  to  the  call  at  the  commencement 
of  the  war.  He  finally  died  from  disaoility  received 
in  the  war.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Dayton,  whither 
his  parents  had  come  when  he  was  nine.  He  graduated 
from  the  high  school  there  when  twenty  and  went  to 
Seattle  and  engaged  in  the  restaurant  business.  Two 
years  later  he  was  following  the  same  in  Yakima  and 
in  1894  he  sold  and  went  to  Lewiston.  Later  we  see 
him  in  Pullman  in  charge  of  the  Union  hotel  and  on 
September  12,  1895,  Mr.  Elliott  came  to  Wardner  and 
for  eleven  months  he  was  steward  of  Page's  hotel. 
Then  Mr.  Elliott  opened  a  restaurant  and  lodging  house 
and  for  years  this  was  one  of  the  popular  places  of 
Wardner,  under  his  charge.  In  May,  1901,  he  sold 
this  business  to  his  wife's  sister,  retaining  ownership 
of  the  building  and  the  same  is  conducted  with  a  good 
patronage  today.  In  1901,  Mr.  Elliott  was  nominated 
on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  county  commissioner 
without  the  asking  and  he  ran  far  ahead  of  his  ticket, 
and  served  his  time  as  chairman  of  the  board.  At  the 
last  election  he  did  not  allow  his  name  to  be  presented' 
but  was  appointed  deputy  sheriff  for  this  district.  He 
is  a  popular  and  efficient  officer  and  has  the  confidence 
of  the  people.  Mr.  Elliott  has  three  brothers  :  Perry  O., 
Arthur  and  Luther  S. 

On  February  8,  1893,  Mr.  Elliott  married  Miss 
Julia  E.  Anson  at  Moscow.  She  is  a  native  of  Norway 
and  she  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Martha  Johnson.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  this  union:  Mildred  and 
John  M.,  Jr.  Mr.  Elliott  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P., 
being  past  C.  C.  and  delegate  to  the  grand  lodge  last 
year.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  and 
was  delegate  to  the  last  grand  lodge;  of  the  W.  W., 
of  the  Red  Men,  of  the  Eagles,  of  the  United  Moderns 
and  is  grand  organizer  for  this  jurisdiction.  Mr. 
Elliott  is  also  an  active  member  of  the  volunteer  fire 
department.  Mrs.  Elliott  is  a  member  of  the  United 
Moderns,  of  the  Daughters  of  Pocahontas,  of  the 
auxiliary  of  the  Maccabees,  and  of  the  auxiliary  of 
the  A.  0.  U.  W. 


JACOB  GISEL  was  born  on  September  29,  1862, 
in  Schafhausen,  Switzerland,  being  the  son  of  Jacob 
and  Elizabeth  (Myer)  Gisel,  natives  of  Switzerland. 
The  father  lives  in  the  old  home  place,  aged  seventy- 
three.  He  has  always  been  a  farmer  and  is  a  prominent 
man.  The  mother  died  when  our  subject  was  three 
years  old.  Jacob  remained  at  home  and  grew  up  on 
a  farm,  gaining  his  education  from  the  common  schools, 
and  in  1883  he  made  his  way  to  the  United  States.  He  • 
lived  in  Iowa  for  four  years,  engaged  in  farm  work. 
Then  came  a  trip  to  California  and  he  continued  in 
farm  work  there  until  1893,  when  he  journeyed  on  to 
Portland  and  spent  fourteen  months  there  in  saloon 
work.  It  was  in  1894  that  he  found  his  way  to  Pierce 
and  at  once  delved  into  prospecting.  This  continued 
for  some  time  and  then  Mr.  Gisel  started  a  saloon  in 
partnership  with  Sam  Bloyer,  an  old  time  prospector 
of  this  section.  Soon  Mr.  Gisel  bought  out  his  partner 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  continued  his  business  alone.  Recently  Mr.  Gisel 
sold  half  interest  in  the  business  to  Fred  Roos,  Jr., 
mention  of  whom  is  made  in  another  portion  of  this 
work.  Mr.  Gisel  has  had  some  interest  in  mining,  but 
of  late  he  has  devoted  himself  entirely  to  his  business. 
He  has  four  step-brothers  in  Switzerland  and  one  sis- 
ter, Louise,  in  North  Dakota.  Mr.  Gisel  has  never  left 
the  joys  of  bachelordom  for  the  uncertain  seas  of  matri- 
mony. He  is  a  strong  Republican. 


FRANK  SMITH  is  one  of  the  capable  and  suc- 
cessful men  of  Kingston.  He  has  one  of  the  best 
residences  there  and  in  addition  to  doing  general  farm- 
ing he  handles  a  great  many  timbers  and  does  contract- 
ing. Frank  Smith  was  born  February  5,  1851,  in 
Maine,  the  son  of  David  and  Margerite  (Littlefield) 
Smith,  natives  of  Maine  and  now  living  at  Kingston. 
Frank  spent  the  first  fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  Maine, 
then  went  to  Michigan,  where  he  remained  until  1894. 
That  was  the  year  of  his  advent  to  this  country.  His 
family  had  all  preceded  him,  but  when  he  arrived  he 
found  them  all  busy  freighting  by  boat  on  the  Coeur 
d'  Alene  river.  They  received  as  high  as  fifteen  cents 
per  pound  for  transporting  freight  on  that  river.  Many 
of  their  boats  were  large  and  propelled  by  poling.  In 
1887  Mr.  Smith  filed  on  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
adjoining  the  townsite,  and  he  now  has  seventy  acres 
of  rich  bottom  land  under  cultivation. 

On  November  30,  1873,  occurred  the  marriage  of 
Mr.  Frank  Smith  and  Miss  Elizabeth,  a  native  of 
Kingsville,  Ontario,  and  a  daughter  of  Charles  and 
Margeret  (Smith)  Page,  natives  of  Canada,  now  living 
in  Cheboygan,  Michigan,  where  this  wedding  occurred. 
Ten  children  have  been  born  of  this  marriage :  Ivory 
L.,  lumberman  at  Springfield,  Oregon;  Frank  S., 
lumberman ;  T.  Kingston ;  Roy  A.,  miner  in  Alaska ; 
David  M.,  Charles  L.,  Sidney,  Calvin,  Chester,  at 
home;  Ina  P.,  wife  of  A.  McGillivray,  a  farmer  of 
Kingston.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Republican;  he  has  four 
brothers :  Edwin,  Walter  A.,  Abraham  L.,  Charles,  and 
six  sisters :  Laurana  Holland,  Lewella  Overtoil,  Phebe 
Sharp,  Laura  Gaffney,  Nellie  Stean,  Grace  Wiley. 
Mrs.  Smith  has  three  brothers :  Walter  Gray,  Elanen- 
der,  Alva  R,  and  three  sisters:  Mary  Littlefield,  Mag- 
gie DeFraine,  and  Martha  Godfrey. ' 


CHARLES  H.  WENTZ,  one  of  the  prominent 
business  men  of  Wardner,  being  at  present  assistant 
cashier  of  the  Weber  bank,  is  a  potent  factor  not  only 
in  the  business  world,  but  also  in  the  political  arena, 
has  won  signal  victories  and  his  standing  in  the  social 
realm  is  of  the  very  best.  Mr.  Wentz  is  a  man  of 
marked  capabilities,  has  always  manifested  sterling 
worth  and  integrity  and  is  well  fitted  to  hold  the  promi- 
nent place  which  he  occupies  at  this  time. 

.  Charles  H.  Wentz  was  born  in  Canal  Dover,  Ohio, 
on  July  27,  1870,  the  son  of  Valentine  and  Elizabeth 
(Weber)  Wentz.  The  father  was  born  in  Germany, 


came  to  the  United  States  with  his  parents  when  small, 
and  learned  the  millwright  trade  and  later  embarked 
in  the  manufacture  of  fire  brick.  He  is  now  a  retired 
capitalist.  The  mother  was  born  in  Canal  Dover  and 
is  still  living  there.  Our  subject  went  through 
the  public  schools .  in  Canal  Dover,  and  then 
graduated  from  the  Union  college  at  Alliance, 
(Jhio,  in  1887.  Following  this  Mr.  Wentz  occupied  the 
bookkeeper's  chair  for  the  Wible  Enck  Company,  of 
Canal  Dover,  then  held  the  position  of  assistant  post- 
master for  two  years.  From  1889  to  1890  he  was  as- 
sistant cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank  in  his  native 
town  and  in  1897  he  came  to  Wardner  and  accepted 
his  present  position.  The  Weber  brothers  are  uncles 
of  Mr.  Wentz.  Since  coming  here  Mr.  Wentz  has 
shown  a  marked  interest  iii  the  upbuilding  of  the  town, 
and  has  warmly  supported  all  measures  of  general 
good.  He  is  a  man  of  public  spirit  and  enterprise  and 
to  show  the  appreciation  in  which  he  is  held,  we  note 
that  when  his  name  was  mentioned  for  justice  of  the 
peace,  three  hundred  and  eighty-five  votes  out  of  five 
hundred  were  quickly  cast  for  him.  He  has  held  this 
important  office  here'  for  several  terms  and  he  is  also 
a  notary  public.  Mr.  Wentz  is  a  stanch  Republican  ajid 
his  sagacity  is  timely  in  the  councils  of  his  party.  Mr. 
Wentz  is  treasurer  of  the  Kellogg  Power  and  Water 
Company  and  owns  one-third  of  the  stock  and  he  is 
also  interested  in  several  mining  propositions  of  merit. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  German  Lutheran  church  and 
still  enjoys  the  quietude  of  the  celibatarian  and  the 
charms  of  that  life. 


LOUIS  C.  ROBERTS  is  one  of  the  best  posted 
men  in  the  mountain  regions  of  Idaho,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  guides  for  these  regions  to  be  found  in  the 
central  part  of  the  state.  He  is  a  typical  frontiersman, 
being  a  man  of  few  words,  reliable,  keen,  courageous 
and  withal  possessed  of  excellent  practical  judgment 
and  a  boundless  store  of  information  relative  to  these 
districts  and  the  business  of  prospecting  and  guiding. 

Louis  C.  Roberts  was  born  in  Pike  county,  Illinois, 
on  November  9,  1856,  being  the  son  of  Lewis  and  Lydia 
(Doak)  Roberts.  The  father  was  born  in  Pike  coun- 
ty, Illinois,  and  was  of  English  extraction.  He  died 
when  Louis  was  one  year  old,  aged  thirty-six.  The 

of  Irish  extraction.  She  died  in  1863,  aged  thirty- 
nine.  Our  subject  was  reared  by  his  legal  guardian 
and  uncle,  James  Roberts.  He  received  a  good  dis- 
trict schooling  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  began  to 
work  out.  In  1877  he  came  to  California,  thence  to 
Oregon  and  eighteen  months  later  to  Palouse,  where 
he  resided  for  thirteen  years.  He  took  a  claim  there 
and  sold  it  later  and  in  1892  he  came  to  the  Pierce  dis- 
trict, and  has  raised  cattle  and  mined  here  since  that 
time.  He  recently  purchased  a  farm  of  eighty  acres 
near  Fraser,  where  the  family  reside.  Mr.  Roberts  is 
at  the  placer  property,  five  miles  north  from  Pierce, 
which  he  owns  with  some  eastern  parties.  They  have 
eight  hundred  acres  and  are  buying  more.  He  also 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


had  a  goodly  interest  in  a  property  that  sold  for  twenty 
thousand  dollars  recently.  Mr.  Roberts  is  a  reliable 
and  skilled  miner  of  practicability  and  also  is  an  ex- 
cellent guide  in  the  mountains,  having  done  much  of 
that  work. 

Mr.  Roberts  has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  the 
former  is  in  Garland,  Oklahoma,  being  a  cattle  man 
and  postmaster;  his  sister  is  Mary  Hamner,  and  her 
husband  was  probate  judge  in  Council  Grove,  Kansas. 

At  Palouse  on  August  20,  1882,  Mr.  Roberts  mar- 
ried Miss  Fanny  Anderson,  whose  father  died  when 
she  was  young  and  her  mother  married  Andrew  Galau, 
a  blacksmith  and  cabinet  maker  in  Palouse.  Mrs. 
Roberts  was  born  in  Kansas  in  1865,  and  her  brothers, 
Alexander  and  John,  are  near  Palouse.  Five  children 
have  been  born  to  this  household:  Laura,. Louis,  Lil- 
lian, John  and  Frank.  Mr.  Roberts  is  a  Democrat. 
Mrs.  Roberts  was  formerly  a  school  teacher  and  was 
county  superintendent  of  Clearwater  county  until  it 
was  discontinued.  Mr.  Roberts  has  done  much  for  the 
advancement  of  this  district  and  is  a  faithful  and  wise 
worker  in  the  realms  where  he  is  operating.  Mr. 
Roberts  and  a  partner  from  Detroit,  Michigan,  bought 
the  Russell  Shells  Falls  placer  and  are  doing  develop- 
ment work  on  it. 


THOMAS  C.  THOMAS  is  one  of  the  thrifty, 
intelligent  and  progressive  miners  of  Wardner,  a  man 
of  excellent  standing  and  influential  in  political  circles. 
He  was  born  in  Wales,  December  25,  1854,  the  son  of 
Even  and  Sarah  Thomas,  natives  of  Wales.  The  father 
was  killed  in  a  mine  in  Wales  in  1866  and  the  mother 
died  in  Wales  in  1897,  aged  ninety-four.  The  parents 
came  to  the  United  States  a  few  years  before  our 
subject  was  born  but  soon  returned  to  their  na- 
tive land.  He  was  educated  in  a  private  school 
and  also  took  a  fine  mining  course  and  remained  in 
Wales  until  1879,  having  spent  the  last  six  years  as 
foreman  in  the  coal  mines.  He  settled  in  Iowa  and 
spent  five  years  in  the  coal  mines  there  and  since  that 
time  he  has  continued  uninterruptedly  in  this  same 
capacity,  having  been  foreman  and  shift  boss  in  many 
mines  'in  Iowa,  Washington,  Oregon,  and  Idaho. 
While  in  Oregon,  Mr.  Thomas  bought  a  farm  near 
Oregon  City,  which  he  is  now  renting.  He  has  one 
brother  and  two  sisters:  James,  Jane  Evans,  Mary 
Perry.  Mr.  Thomas  is  now  engaged  in  the  Empire 
State  mine. 

On  September  27,  1875,  Mr.  Thomas  married  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Richard  and  Sarah  Humphreys, 
now  living  in  England,  where  the  wedding  occurred. 
Mr.  Humphreys  is  a  preacher  in  the  Congregational 
church  and  has  occupied  one  pulpit  for  thirty-three 
years.  •  Mrs.  Thomas  has  one  brother  and  three  sis- 
ters:  Richard,  Sarah  Jenkins,  Mary  Rees,  Hannah 
Hughes,  all  in  Wales.  Five  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas:  Sarah,  widow  of  George 
M.  Freeman,  with  her  parents ;  Evan  R.,  a  blacksmith 
in  Wardner ;  Thomas  J.,  and  David  H.,  at  home.  Mr. 
Thomas  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Newcastle, 


Washington,  Lodge  No.  8,  being  past  noble  grand; 
of  the  Encampment,  being  past  high  priest  and  patri- 
arch; of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.;  of  the  Order  of  Pendo; 
and  in  all  these  orders  he  has  filled  the  various  chairs. 
Mr.  Thomas  is  an  active  Republican  and  has  Been  a 
uelegate  to  the  conventions  of  the  county  and  also  the 
last  state  convention.  Mr.  Thomas  owns  the  family 
residence  and  considerable  other  city  property.  Mrs. 
Thomas  is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  They  are 
highly  respected  people  and  loyal  and  patriotic  citi- 
zens. 


CHARLES  D.  HUNT  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Nebraska,  on  September  28,  1873,  the  son  of 
Thomas  W.  and  Jeanette  B.  (Buchanan)  Hunt,  is 
i'.ow  one  of  the  prosperous  farmers  of  the  vicinity  of 
Kingston.  His  parents  are  mentioned  in  another  por- 
tion of  this  work  and  he  partook  in  their  travels  until 
they  all  landed  in  this  section.  Charles  D.  was  edu- 
cated in  Nebraska,  Colfax  county,  and  also  in  South 
Dakota.  He  was  one  of  the  ten  children  who  came 
across  the  plains  with  their  parents  driving  eleven 
head  of  horses.  He  has  continued  here  since  and  has  a 
good  body  of  land. 

On  May  24,  1896,  Mr.  Hunt  married  Miss  Frances, 
daughter  of  Frank  and  Mona  (Bedell)  Martin,  the 
wedding  occurring  in  Kingston.  Mrs.  Hunt  was  born 
in  Lafayette  county,  Oregon,  on  October  10,  1880.  Her 
father  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  came  to  Oregon 
across  the  plains  with  his  parents  in  1858.  Settlement 
was  made  in  the  Willamette  valley  and  in  1881  he 
came  to  northern  Idaho  and  also  participated  in  the 
gold  rush  in  1883-4.  The  mother  of  Mrs.  Hunt  was 
born  in  Missouri  and  crossed  the  plains  in  an  early 
day,  coming  in  over  the  old  Mullan  road.  She  drove 
a  four-horse  team.  She  was  married  in  Seattle,  where 
her  father  was  engaged  in  lumbering.  Her  mother 
died  in  Rathdrum  on  May  24,  1886.  Mrs.  Hunt  has 
one  sister,  Leo  Williamson.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hunt,  Alfonso  C.,  Tracy  C., 
Thomas  W.,  Jeanette  A.  Mr.  Hunt  is  a  member  of  th< 
M.  W.  A.  He  and  his  wife  a 


young   people   of   their   sectio 
standing. 


ig  the  leading 
>f   excellent 


THOMAS  W.  HUNT  is  one  of  the  heaviest  land 
owners  in  the  county  of  Shoshone  and  he  is  one  of  the 
men  whose  endeavors  have  been  rewarded  by  a  good 
success.  In  addition  to  doing  farming  he  also  handles 
mining  timbers.  He  was  born  in  Tompkins  county, 
New  York,  on  July  14,  1846,  the  son  of  David  and 
Mila  Ann  (Robinson)  Hunt,  natives  of  New  York. 
The  father  made  a  fortune  from  oil  at  Bradford, 
Pennsylvania,  and  then  retired  from  active  business. 
His  father  was  a  prominent  business  man  of  Elmira, 
New  York,  and  handled  the  largest  tannery  in  the 
section.  The  grandfather,  being  the  great-grandfather 
of  our  subject,  was  governor  of  New  York  state. 
David  Hunt  died  in  1892,  aged  seventy-two.  The 
mother  of  Thomas  died  when  he  was  one  year  old. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO, 


.167 


H 


as  raised  and  educated  in  Bradford,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  vicinity,  and  in  1862  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany D,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  New  York 
Infantry,  Captain  John  Gaffney,  and  Colonel  H.  A. 
Barnum.  Mr.  Hunt  participated  in  eighteen  of  the 
leading  battles  of  the  war,  and  his  regiment  went 
in  with  nine  hundred  and  eighty-nine  and  was  mus- 
tered out  with  one  hundred  and  sixty.  Among  his 
battles  may  be  mentioned  Lookout  Mountain,  Gettys- 
burg, Chancellorsville.  Mr.  Hunt  was  slightly  wound- 
ed once.  In  1866  he  went  to  Montana  and  freighted 
and  three  years  later  went  to  Iowa  and  settled  in 
Osage.  Then  came  a  journey  to  Omaha,  with  ox 
teams,  the  date  being  1872.  The  next  year  he  went  to 
Colfax  county,  Nebraska,  and  took  a  homestead.  In 
1887  he  went  to  Hyde  county,  South  Dakota,  and 
farmed  unsuccessfully.  In  the  spring  of  1890,  Mr. 
Hunt  with  his  wife  and  ten  children  came  across  the 
country  to  his  present  location.  He  owns  four  hun- 
dred and  seventy-two  acres  of  good  land,  and  has 
one  hundred  and  fifty  cultivated.  One  son  has  two 
hundred  and  forty  adjoining,  and  another  son  has  two 
hundred  acres.  Mr.  Hunt  does  general  farming  suc- 
cessfully, and  is  prospered.  He  has  two  brothers. 
John  H.,  Charles  H.,  and  one  sister,  Emma  Huff. 

On  December  21,  1869,  at  Bradford,  Pennsylvania, 
Mr.  Hunt  married  Miss  Jeannette  B.,  daughter  of  Ar- 
thur W.  and  Adeline  (Foster)  Buchanan,  natives 
of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  died  in  1902,  aged 
eighty-three.  He  had  lived  on  the  same  farm  for 
seventy-four  years.  The  mother  lives  in  Bradford, 
-where  also  Airs.  Hunt  was  born.  The  Foster  family 
were  prominent  in  American  wars.  Mrs.  Hunt  has 
one  brother,  El  win,  and  four  sisters,  Irene  Whipple, 
Florence  Barnes,  Delia  Holcumb,  Minnie  Schmoller. 
Twelve  children  have  been  born  to  this  union  :  Charles 
D.,  Samuel  N.,  Nora  Smith,  Robert  W.,  Thomas  E., 
Mila  A.,  Calvin  T.,  Erne,  George  B.,  Arthur  W.,  who 
died  in  Colfax  county,  Nebraska,  aged  seven;  Orlo 
G.,  died  in  the  same  place,  aged  eighteen  months  ;  Wil- 
bur C,  died  October  19,  1896,  at  Kingston,  aged  twen- 
ty-four. Mr.  Hunt  is  a  member  of  M.  W.  A.  and  the 
G.  A.  R.  He  is  a  Republican  in  political  matters,  and 
interested  in  the  general  welfare  of  the  country. 


FRANK  L.  FOREMAN,  one  of  the  well  known 
miners  of  Wardner,  now  in  the  Empire  State  as  tim- 
berrhan,  has  had  a  wide  experience  in  the  western  part 
of  the  United  States  in  various  capacities  in  mines  and 
in  prospecting  and  is  thoroughly  posted  in  his  work. 

Frank  L.  Foreman  was  born  in  Dover,  Delaware, 
on  June  27,  1854,  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  J. 
(Mousley)  Foreman,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
Delaware,  respectively,  and  now  both  deceased.  The 
family  came  to  Salt  Lake  City  when  our  subject  was 
five  years  old.  He  graduated  from  the  graded  schools 
there  and  then  bought  an  outfit  and  freighted  two 
years.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  went  to  work  in  the 
mines,  and  in  this  capacity  he  has  been  ever  since. 
While  in  Utah  Mr.  Foreman  would  take  trips  to  other 


districts  and  territories  and  mine  and  prospect  and 
return  to  Salt  Lake  as  his  headquarters.  He  was 
foreman  in  the  old  Telegraph  mine  in  Utah  for  five 
years,  shift  boss  in  the  Bulpion  Beck,  also  the  same 
at  the  Continental,  and  the  Eureka  for  four  years,  and 
he  superintended  the  Bingham  for  one  year.  In  Aug- 
ust, 1899,  Mr.  Foreman  came  to  Wardner  and  held  the 
position  of  shift  boss  for  the  Bunker  Hill  until  De- 
cember, 1902,  when  he  resigned  and  took  his  present 
positon.  Mr.  Foreman  has  two  brothers  and  two  sis- 
ters, Leander,  Joseph,  Mrs.  Eliza  Sellers,  Mrs.  La- 
vina  Montague,  all  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

At  Salt  Lake  City,  on  March  31,  1876,  Mr.  Fore- 
man married  Miss  Rachel,  daughter  of  William  and 
Phoebe  Brown,  deceased.  She  was  born  in  Bountiful, 
Utah,  and  has  three  sisters,  Mrs.  Mary  Race,  Mrs. 
Adelia  Stanley,  Mrs.  Naomi  Woolsey.  Three  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Foreman,  Frank 
L.,  Jr.,  Jesse,  Harvard.  Mr.  Foreman  is  a  Republi- 
can, and  while  always  laboring  for  the  best  interests 
is  not  a  partis 


SIM  CANMAN.  The  fact  that  when  seventeen 
years  of  age  with  a  capital  of  twenty-five  cents,  the 
subject  of  this  article  started  a  bakery  business  in 
Colorado,  and  made  such  a  success  of  it  that  he  was 
enabled  to  sell  it  in  six  months  for  eight  hundred  dol- 
lars, is  a  pertinent  index  to  the  enterprise,  ability, 
energy  and  business  sagacity  with  which  he  is  pos- 
sessed. 

Sim  Canman  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  on 
October  18,  1867,  the  son  of  Simon  and  Mina  (Kahn- 
heimer)  Canman,  natives  of  Baden,  and  now  living 
there.  The  father  is  a  prominent  man  and  land  owner, 
and  served  in  the  Franco-Prussian  war.  The  father's 
brother  was  lieutenant  in  the  same  company,  and  now 
wears  the  iron  cross.  The  paternal  grandfather  of 
our  subject  was  a  very  prominent  military  man.  Per- 
sonally he  was  seven  feet  tall,  weighed  three  hundred 
and  fifty  pounds,  and  was  one  of  the  officers  of  the 
grenadiers  who  fought  under  Napoleon  at  Moscow. 
Later  he  took  the  field  against  Napoleon  and  fought 
with  the  Austrian  army,  and  here  as  in  the  German 
service  received  important  decorations.  He  was  an 
important  personage  in  action  for  the  government  in 
the  German  rebellion  of  1848  against  Schurz,  Sigel 
and  others  who  were  exiled.  He  lived  to  the  grand 
old  age  of  one  hundred  and  one,  dying  in  the  'seven- 
ties. He  started  his  military  career  as  a  non-com- 
missioned officer,  and  received  upon  retirement  a  pen- 
sion of  eleven  hundred  marks  per  year. 

Our  subject  came  to  the  United  States  when  thir- 
teen and  finished  his  education,  which  he  had  begun 
in  Germany.  He  learned  the  baker  trade  in  St.  Louis, 
and  when  seventeen  started  the  business  in  Colorado 
which  we  have  mentioned,  and  which  demonstrated 
his  capacity  for  business.  After  selling  this  business 
he  wrought  in  all  of  the  western  states,  Mexico  and 
British  Columbia,  and  in  September,  1897,  he  came 
to  Wardner  and  entered  the  employ  of  another  baker. 
For  three  and  one-half  years  he  wrought  there,  and 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


then  the  proprietor  failed.  Our  subject  bought  out 
another  small  shop,  and  being  short  of  capital,  took  it 
on  installments.  He  began  a  career  of  success  at 
once,  and  now  has  a  fine  stock  of  four  or  five  thou- 
sand dollars'  worth  of  the  choicest  confections  and 
bakery  goods,  and  is  handling  a  thriving  trade.  He 
occupies  the  upper  apartments  of  his  building  as  a 
living  place,  having  sold  his  residence.  Mr.  Canman 
has  made  a  brilliant  success  in  his  business,  and  is  of 
excellent  standing.  He  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters:  Max,  Daniel,  Leo,  Morris,  Mrs.  A.  Schier, 
Hannah,  Amelia.  In  Utah,  on  December  25,  1891, 
Mr.  Canman  married  Miss  May,  daughter  of  Thomas 
and  Mary  Powell,  deceased.  '  Three  children  have 
come  to  bless  the  home:  Leo,  Mamie,  Alice.  Mr. 
Canman  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  and  in  political 
matters  he  is  as  active  as  his  business  will  permit,  being 
a  stanch  Republican. 


WILLIAM  H.  MYERS.  In  the  various  capaci- 
ties in  which  Mr.  Myers  has  wrought  in  this  district, 
as  in  other  places  also,  it  is  fully  demonstrated  that  he 
is  a  man  of  enterprise  and  ability,  and  in  the  position 
which  he  now  fills  with  acceptability,  that  of  superin- 
tendent of  the  Morning  Mill  at  Mullan,  he  has  shown 
forth  a  keen  discrimination,  executive  force,  practical 
and  sound  judgment  which  have  placed  him  in  the 
front  ranks  of  mining  men  of  this  district. 

William  H.  Myers  was  born  in  Salem,  Jefferson 
county,  Ohio,  on  lanuary  6,  1850,  the  son  of  Andrew 
J.  and  Mary  J.  (McKeej  Myers,  natives  of  Ohio.  The 
father  was  in  the  Civil  war,  being  a  member  of  Com- 
pany I,  Sixteenth  Ohio,  and  was  killed  early  in  the 
struggle  at  the  battle  of  Perryville,  Kentucky.  The 
paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  a  patriot  in 
the  Revolution.  The  mother  now  dwells  in  Quincy, 
Illinois,  aged  seventy-six.  She  comes  from  Scotch 
extraction.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated  in 
Iowa,  and  after  completing  a  high  school  course,  he 
entered  a  military  academy  in  Fulton,  Illinois,  whence 
he  graduated  and  then  removed  to  Illinois  to  live.  He 
took  up  railroad  contracting  for  five  years  and  then 
erected  a  flour  mill  in  Quincy.  This  he  conducted  for 
twelve  years,  then  sold  out  the  milling  business,  went 
to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  and  took  up  railroad  work 
again  for  seven  years.  After  this  we  see  him  again  in 
Quincy,  and  in  1897  he  came  thence  to  Mullan,  where 
he  wrought  as  a  millwright.  In  1900  Mr.  Myers  as- 
sumed charge  of  the  Morning  mill  and  since  that  time 
he  has  handled  the  plant  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 
He  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  John,  Mrs.  Harriet 
Steele,  Jennie  M. 

On  ]une  8,  1881,  Mr.  Myers  married  Miss  Mary, 
daughter  of  Robert  and  Ann  Fitzgerald,  who  are  now 
deceased.  Mrs.  Myers  was  born  in  Washington,  D. 
C.,  and  she  has  one  brother,  Robert.  Three  children 
have  been  bom  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Myers,  Agnes,  wife  of 
Wilbur  Greenough,  of  the  Greeno'ugh  Brothers  Mer- 
cantile Company  of  Mullan,  Idaho;  Rose,  attending 
college  of 'the  'Holy  Names,  in  Spokane:  Ruth,  at 


home.  Mr.  Myers  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
of  the  R.  A.  M'.  and  of  the  K.  T.  He  is  a  man  of  ex- 
cellent standing  in  the  community,  has  shown  himself 
upright  and  capable  and  has  hosts  of  friends  from 
every  class. 


DANIEL  McEACHERN  is  a  leading  mining  man 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  and  is  at  present  living 
at  Silver  King,  where  he  is  following  this  business 
with  enterprise  and  skill.  He  was  born  in  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island  on  January  22,  1842,  the  son  of  Donald 
and  Ellen  (McVarish)  McEachern.  The  father  was 
born  in  Prince  Edward  Island  and  his  parents  were 
natives  of  Scotland.  He  went  to  California  via  the 
isthmus  in  1854,  and  mined  until  1861,  then  came  to 
Boise  basin,  and  in  1865  returned  to  his  native  place. 
Afterward  he  came  to  the  coast  for  a  year,  then  set- 
tled in  Cape  Breton  Island,  where  he  died  in  1878. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  died  at  her  home 
in  Cape  Breton  Island  a  few  months  after  her  hus- 
band's demise.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools,  and  when  seventeen  went  to  Massachusetts, 
then  followed  the  sea  for  three  years.  Later  he  went 
to  California  via  the  isthmus,  then  on  to  Boise  basin, 
where  he  joined  his  father.  He  continued  mining  there 
until  1870,  then  went  to  Pioche,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Utah, 
and  in  1876  went  to  Butte.  In  1879  he  was  in  Custer 
county,  Idaho,  then  Lemhi  and  other  portions  of  the 
center  of  the  -state.  In  1884  he  located  at  Delta  and  in 
April  located  the  Weiser  bar  placer.  He  and  his  part- 
ners spent  much  time  and  money  on  that  without  suc- 
cess. In  1886  he  came  to  the  vicinity  of  Silver  King 
and  here  he  has  been  since,  continuing  in  mining  indus- 
tries. Mr.  McEachern  has  been  engaged  in  most  of 
the  leading  mines  of  the  district  and  is  thoroughly 
versed  in  mining  and  handling  mines.  In  1891  he 
located  the  Wyoming  in  Grouse  gulch,  and  in  1887  he 
located  the  Oro-Dell.  He  retains  interests  in  all  of 
these  and  is  vice-president  of  the  Wyoming  Mining  & 
Milling  Company.  This  company  has  some  valuable 
property  and  Mr.  McEachern  is  interested  in  all  their 
holdings.  He  has  one  brother, — Hugh,  and  four  sis- 
ters, Mary  A.  McDonald,  Catherine,  Margaret  and 
Annie.  Mr.  McEachern  has  never  seen  fit  to  embark 
on  the  matrimonial  sea  but  is  still  enjoying  the  quiet 
charms  of  celibacy.  He  is  independent  in  political  mat- 
ters and  is  a  man  of  sterling  qualities  of  uprightness: 
He  is  interested  in  all  of  the  mining  properties  and  com- 
panies adjacent  to  the  O.  K.,  and  is  one  of  the  heavy 
operators. 


ISAAC  D.  CLEEK.  A  stirring  and  energetic 
jnaii  in  the  industrial  world  of  Pierce,  being  now  own- 
er and  operator  of  the  saw  mill  in  that  town,  while 
also  he  is  interested  in  mining,  the  subject  of  this 
article  is  deserving  of  representation  in  the  history 
of  his  county. 

Isaac  D.  Cleek  was  born  in  St.  Joseph,  Missouri, 
on  June  30,  1857.  being  the  son  of  lames  and  Elizabeth 
(Reeves)  Cleek,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father  was 


W.  H.  MYERS. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


1169 


killed  in  the  battle  of  Wilson  Creek  in  the  Civil  war. 
He  was  a  physician.  The  mother  was  married  in 
Kentucky  and 'died  in  Pullman,  Washington,  on  De- 
cember 25,  1897,  a8'ed  sixty-two.  In  1867  she  was 
married  a  second  time,  becoming  the  wife  of  William 
L.  Ritchcy,  who  was  a  pioneer  in  the  region  of  Boise. 
He  built  the  first  cabin,  planted  the  first  potatoes,  and 
set  out  the  first  apple  tree  in  that  now  prosperous  re- 
gion. In  company  with  Messrs.  Davis  and  Ellis  he 
laid  out  the  town  of  Boise.  He  now  lives  in  Pullman. 
Our  subject  came  to  Boise  with  his  mother  and  uncle 
when  he  was  six,  and  there  he  gained  his  education 
and  also  learned  mining.  He  has  followed  mining  in 
all  the  southern  Idaho  camps,  in  Oregon,  Montana, 
and  various  other  places.  He  came  to  Shoshone  coun- 
ty in  1893  and  mined  and  did  blacksmith  work.  He 
recently  erected  a  sawmill,  capacity  eight  thousand 
feet  daily,  and  he  is  doing  a  good  business.  Mr.  Cleek 
is  one  of  the  owners  of  the  Klondike  mine  of  French 
creek,  the  Oro  Grand  mine  and  several  other  prop- 
erties. The  Oro  Grand  is  a  large  low  grade  proposi- 
tion and  doubtless  is  very  valuable.  Mr.  Cleek  has 
two  brothers,  Mathew  S.,  an  engineer  in  Palouse ; 
Benjamin,  farmer  in  Linn  county,  Oregon.  Also  he 
has  one  half  brother,  George  Ritchey,  in  Pullman. 
Mr.  Cleek  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Banner  Lodge, 
No.  i,  in  Ketchum,  Idaho. 

On  April  12,  1886,  at  Ketchum,  Mr.  Cleek  married 
Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  William  and  Ann  (Dennison) 
Martin,  natives,  respectively,  of  Nottingham;,  Eng- 
land, and  Toronto,  Canada.  The  father  came  to  the 
United  States  when  he  was  a  young  man,  and  died 
in  Michigan  in  1888,  aged  sixty.  Mrs.  Martin  married 
in  Canada  and  died  in  Michigan  on  November  I, 
1898.  Mrs.  Cleek  has  five  brothers  and  one  sister, 
Franklin,  Charles,  Arthur,  Burton,  all  in  Grand  Rap- 
ids, Michigan  ;  Fred,  living  with  our  subject ;  Jane, 
vife  of  Charles  Anderson,  at  Grand  Rapids.  Politi- 
ally  Mr.  Cleek  is  an  independent  thinker.  In  1891, 
ine  of  those  accidents  which  no  human  reason  can 
compass,  but  to  which  we  can  only  bow,  occurred  in 
the  home  of  Mr.  Cleek.  His  wife  became  totally  blind. 
She  is  a  woman  of  wonderful  tenacity  of  purpose  and 
skill,  for  despite  this  affliction,  she  attends  to  her  house- 
hold duties  and  displays  most  commendable  skill  and 
a  beautiful  spirit.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cleek  are  very  pop- 
ular and  are  possessed  of  very  many  warm  and  ad- 
niring  friends. 


SAMUEL  H.  LINN.  Among  the  capable  and  suc- 
ssful  citizens  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  we  are 
constrained  to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article  whose 
labors  have  always  been  directed  toward  upbuilding 
the  country  and  development  of  the  grand  mineral  re- 
rces  which  are  to  be  found  here.  He  was  born  in 
Sweden  on  September  30,  1873,  the  son  of  Hans  and 
Emma  (Buhr)  Linn.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1887,  having  been  well  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  land  before  he  bade  farewell  to  its  familiar 
scenes  and  turned  to  seek  his  fortune  here.  After  reach- 
ing Minnesota  he  spent  some  time  in  school  and  work- 


ing on  a  farm,  and  in  1889  he  made  his  way  to  Old 
Mission  in  Kootenai  county.  Saw  milling  occupied  Mr. 
Linn  for  a  year,  and  railroad  work  then  at  Wallace  for 
a  time.  Next  we  see  him  in  the  Bunker  Hill  and  other 
leading  mines  of  the  district.  Afterward  he  associated 
himself  with  his  brother,  Ole  Linn,  and  he  is  now  in 
this  capacity.  Mr.  Linn  is  engineer  at  the  O.  K.  mines 
in  Silver  King,  and  is  a  capable  and  trustworthy  man. 
in  this  responsible  position. 

On  January  5,  1900,  Mr.  Linn  married  Miss  Annie 
E.,  daughter  of  Frank  and  Minnie  (Peterson)  Johnson, 
natives  of  Sweden,  and  now  farmers  in  Vernon,  South 
Dakota.  This  wedding  occurred  in  Alexandria,  Minne- 
sota. Mrs.  Linn  has  four  brothers  and  one  sister, — 
Rudolph,  Fred,  Arthur,  Alben,  Lottie,  all  at  home  in 
Vernon.  One  child  has  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Linn, — Herbert,  aged  one  year.  Mr.  Linn  is  a  member 
of  the  Scandinavian  Brotherhood.  From  1896  to  1900 
Mr.  Linn  was  residing  in  Minnesota,  where  he  bought 
a  farm,  which  is  now  rented.  He  is  interested  in  the 
Rhode  Island  group  of  mines  near  Osburn. 


HENRY  H.  BOLE.  Sometimes  the  charms  of  the 
miner's  calling  and  the  allurement  of  the  quiet  of  na- 
ture's wilderness  entice  from  the  professional  calling 
devotees  and  successful  men,  and  among  this  number 
we  are  to  mention  the  estimable  gentleman  of  whom  we 
now  speak.  Dr.  Bole  is  a  man  of  culture  and  excellent 
training,  being  a  graduate  of  both  the  Bellevue  and  the 
Rush  medical  colleges,  as  well  as  trained  in  practical 
exercise  of  his  profession  for  many  years.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  Dr.  Bole  has  a  fine  showing  in  the  mining 
world,  having  a  group  of  claims  known  as  the  Home- 
stead group,  while  also  he  owns  a  number  of  miles  of 
ditch  and  some  fine  placer  claims.  He  resides  about 
one  and  one-half  miles  east  from  Pierce,  and  is  devot- 

claitns  are  valuable  property  and  eventually  will  return 
a  fine  revenue  to  the  owner. 

Henry  H.  Bole  was  born  in  Meadville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  January  i,  1851,  being  the  son  of  William  J. 
and  Ellen  (Mead)  Bole.  The  father  was  born  in 
Meadville,  and  his  parents  came  from  the  north  of 
Ireland.  He  died  at  the  age  of  ninety-one  in  August, 
1895,  at  the  home  place.  He  was  a  large  land  owner. 
The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Meadville.  and 
her  parents  were  descended  from  the  New  England 
Puritans.  Meadville  was  named  after  her  father, 
Darius  Mead,  who  owned  the  ground  on  which  the  city 
of  Meadville  now  stands.  Henry  attended  the  district 
school  and  then  completed  his  literary  training  in  the 
Allegheny  College  at  Meadville.  Subsequent  to  this 
he  took  the  medical  course  mentioned  above  and  grad- 
uated with  honors.  He  'had  spent  some  time  in  the 
work  of  the  educator  during  the  interim,  however. 
Until  1882  Dr.  Bole  was  constant  in  practice  and  hand- 
ling a  drug  business  in  Pennsylvania,  and  then  he  did 
business  in  Minnesota,  in  the  Black  Hills  in  an  early 
day,  and  in  1889  he  came  to  Spokane  only  to  have  his 
entire  household  goods  burned  in  the  depot,  with  his 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


stock  of  drugs.  Afterward  he  did  business  in  a  tent 
with  a  portion  of  the  stock  which  had  not  arrived  until 
later.  But  in  1890  the  fire  fiend  devoured  all  this,  and 
the  doctor  left  Spokane  and  located  his  family  in  Lew- 
iston  while  he  went  to  prospecting  in  the  vicinity  of 
Pierce.  His  labor  has  been  crowned  with  success  and 
he  has  some  of  the  most  valuable  property  in  the  vicin- 
ity, being  the  pioneer  locator  of  quartz  in  this  district. 
Dr.  Bole  has  three  brothers  and  four  sisters,— William 
H.,  in  Warren,  Pennsylvania;  Darius  W.,  in  Beaver 
county,  Pennsylvania;  David  M.,in  Warren,  Pennsyl- 
vania, doing  business  in  oil ;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel 
Mead,  in  Pennsylvania  ;  Mary,  wife  of  Philip  Kleckner, 
in  Bradford,  Pennsylvania;  Sarah  E.  and  Agnes  at 
home.  Dr.  Bole  is  a  member  of  the  Improved  Order 
of  Red  Men,  and  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

On  December  14,  1882,  Dr.  Bole  married  Miss 
Margie  A.,  daughter  of  James  D.  and  Eliza  E.  (Miller) 
.Shields,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  was  a 
-lumber  merchant  and  died  when  Mrs.  Bole  was  four- 
-teen.  His  wife  died  in  Pennsylvania  in  January,  1897. 
Mrs.  Bole  was  raised  by  an  uncle  and  was  educated  in 
Jjie  graded  schools.  She  lived  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania, 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  in  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Bole  and 
his  wife  are  cultured  people  and  universally  beloved  by 
all  who  know  them,  and  they  are  worthy  of  the  excel- 
Jent  holding  that  they  have  acquired  by  arduous  labor. 


CHARLES  S.  PERRIN.  Early  in  1903  Mr. 
Perrin  took  the  important  position  of  warden  of  the 
state  penitentiary  of  Idaho  at  Boise.  His  home  is  in 
AVardner  where  he  has  been  one  of  the  leading  men  of 
many  years  and  where  his  sound  and  clear  counsel  in 
the  meetings  of  his  party,— the  Republican— have  man- 
ifested him  to  be  a  man  of  sagacity,  keen  discrimina- 
tion, good  reserve  force  and  real  worth.  He  was  born 
in  Iqwa  on  November  2,  1857,  being  the  son  of  Caleb 
and  Mary  J.  (Uretteer)  Perrin,  natives  of  Indiana  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectively.  The  paternal  ancestors 
•came  from  Normandy,  settled  in  England  in  the  time 
of  William  the  Conqueror,  thence  to  America  in  1636, 
•were  prominent  in  the  war  of  independence  and  of  1812. 
The  father  died  in  August,  1900,  in  Gilliam  county, 
Oregon,  aged  seventy-eight.  The  mother  came  from 
an  old  Pennsylvania  family,  and  she  died  in  Gilliam 
county  in  May,  1893,  aged  sixty-four.  Our  subject  was 
reared  and  educated  in  Oregon,  completing  his  training 
by  a  three  years'  course  in  the  university  at  Salem.  The 
family  left  Gilliam  county  for  that  place  when  he  was 
fourteen.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  he  went  to  live 
in  eastern  Oregon,  and  farmed  and  raised  stock.  He 
was  under  sheriff  of  Gilliam  county,  and  was  United 
States  and  city  marshal  in  Arlington  for  three  years. 
Later  he  went  to  Puget  sound  and  did  general  mer- 
chandising .  then  took  up  hotel  keeping  in  Fairhaven, 
after  which  he  operated  in  the  Monte  Christo  mining 
district.  In  1895  Mr.  Perrin  came  to  Wardner,  and 
here  he  has  done  contracting  for  the  Bunker  Hill  mine 
most  of  the  time  since.  From  1898  to  1900  Mr.  Perrin 
was  chairman  of  the  central  committee,  and  he  has  been 


an  influential  figure  in  the  state  conventions.  He  has 
been  an  active  Republican,  true  blue,  since  he  was 
twenty-one,  and  is  a  man  of  great  influence  and  stabil- 
ity. Mr.  Perrin  has  the  following  brothers  and  sis- 
ters—George L.,  John  P.,  Frank,  Mrs.  Phcebe  Stinch- 
field,  Mrs.  Mary  Eddleman,  Mrs.  Laura  McConnell, 
Mrs.  Lillie  Kiser. 

In  February,  1881,  in  Linn  county,  Oregon,  Mr. 
Perrin  married  Miss  Eliza  E.,  daughter  of  John  B.  and 
Julatha  Trask,  the  father  an  early  pioneer  of  Oregon, 
and  the  mother  born  there.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  this  marriage, — Ralph  E.,  died  May,  1898,  aged 
sixteen ;  Roy  B.,  aged  eighteen ;  Fred,  aged  seventeen ; 
George  D.,  aged  three.  Mrs.  Perrin  has  seven  brothers 
and  one  sister, — William  H.,  Lewis,  Horace,  Augustus, 
Edward,  Arthur,  John,  Mrs.  Emma  Frost.  Mr.  Perrin 
is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Fossil  Lodge  No. 
81,  at  Fossil,  Oregon.  He  is  also  affiliated  with  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  and  the  American  Mechanics,  and,  with  his 
wife,  belongs  to  the  Daughters  of  America. 


EMMET  L.  VANDERWERKEN  is  one  of  the 
substantial  mining  men  of  the  Silver  King 
camp  and  his  record  as  one  of  the  early 
pioneers  shows  that  he  is  a  man  of  enterprise, 
courage  and  skill.  He  was  born  in  Scho- 
harie  county,  New  York,  the  son  of  John  H.  and  Sarah 
A.  (LaGrange)  VanDerwerken,  natives  of  New  York, 
and  their  ancestors  came  from  Alsace-Lorraine.  The 
grandfather  took  part  in  the  war  of  1812.  Our  sub- 
ject's father  died  when  he  was  eight.  The  mother  died 
in  1899  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  Our  subject  was  edu- 
cated and  reared  in  his  native  place  receiving  a  good 
academic  training.  He  enlisted  ih  Company  F,  Second 
New  Jersey  Cavalry,  under  Captain  Mitchell  and  Colo- 
nel Kargee.  Companies  F  and  H  were  ordered  to 
charge  eight  hundred  enemy  at  Egypt  and  they  were 
repulsed  with  great  slaughter.  Then  the  regiment  sur-" 
rounded  the  enemy  and  captured  them.  It  was  one  of 
the  bloodiest  episodes  of  the  war.  Following  the  war 
jVlr.  VanDerwerken  taught  school,  and  in  the  early 
'seventies  removed  to  Colorado  and  did  mining  and 
operated  in  a  quartz  mill.  Then  he  was  in  Arizona 
and  New  Mexico,  and  in  1881  he  was  found  in  Idaho, 
and  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  come  to  the  Cceur  d'Alene 
country.  He  operated  a  hotel  at  Trout  Creek,  farmed 
on  Jackass  prairie  and  later  worked  in  the  mines  in 
Wardner.  He  did  development  work  in  his  own  prop- 
erties between  times  and  he  is  now  interested  in  vari- 
ous valuable  properties.  He  located  his  first  claim  in 
Government  gulch  in  1886,  and  is  now  the  president 
of  the  Government  Mining  &  Development  Company, 
Ltd.  His  son,  John  A.,  is  secretary  and  B.  Flaig  is 
treasurer.  Mr.  VanDerwerken  has  one  sister,— Emma 
Fiske. 

On  January  i,  1868,  at  Warrentown,  Missouri,  Mr. 
VanDerwerken  married  Miss  Dorcas  Hammontree, 
who  was  born  in  Blount  county,  Tennessee,  in  March 
1845.  Her  father  was  a  native  of  the  same  state  and 
died  in  Misssouri  in  1901.  Mrs.  VanDerwerken  has 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1.171 


three  brothers,— William,  John,  Ellison,  and  one  sis- 
ter,— Margaret  Logan.  Nine  children  have  been  born 
to  this  marriage, — Katie,  widow  of  Daniel  O'Neil,  a 
locomotive  engineer,  who  was  killed  in  a  holdup  on  the 
Northern  Pacific,  near  Garrison,  in  1902 ;  Jennie,  wife 
of  Peter  Kau,  of  Wallace;  John  A.,  a  miner  in  Ward- 
ner ;  Emma,  wife  of  Kenneth  McLeod,  a  blacksmith  of 
Wallace ;  Ida,  wife  of  Harvey  Hanawalt,  a  miner  in 
Wardner;  Maud,  single;  Lillie,  Edward  E.,  the  first 
boy  born  on  the  South  Fork  ;  Tillie.  The  last  three  are 
deceased.  Mr.  VanDerwerken  is  a  member  of  the  A. 
F.  &  A.  M.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  a  good  solid  man 
and  public  minded  citizen. 


WILLIAM  GAFFNEY.  Among  the  popular 
young  men  of  Pierce,  there  is  none  that  stand  higher 
in  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  people  than  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  who  is  a  stirring  business  man  and 
has  wrought  here  with  no  uncertain  results  in  his 
achievements.  At  the  present  time  Mr.  Gaffney  is  a 
partner  with  his  brother  John,  who  is  mentioned  else- 
where in  the  volume.  They  own  the  Ozark  group  of 
freemilling  gold  quartz  mines,  which  are  at  the  pres- 
ent time  bonded  for  fifty-seven  thousand  dollars.  In 
addition  to  this,  Mr.  Gaffney  has  a  one-third  interest 
in  a  quarter  section  of  valuable  placer  ground  near 
Pierce ;  has  a  farm  of  one-quarter  section  of  fine  farm- 
ing land  and  as  much  excellent  timber  near  Weippe. 
He  is  still  a  young  man  and  the  accumulations  of  his 
labors  show  him  to  have  been  a  good  business  man- 
ager, possessed  of  keen  foresight  and  thrift. 

William  Gaffney  was  born  in  Pierce  on  February 
14,  1873,  being  the  son  of  Patrick  and  Bridget  Gaff- 
ney, of  whom  mention  is  made  in  this  work.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  by  a  private  in- 
structor provided  by  his  father.  He  is  well  trained 
in  knowledge  requisite  to  a  first-class  business  career 
and  is  a  stirring  man.  Politically  Mr.  Gaffney  is  a 
Democrat  of  the  Jeffersonian  type  and  capable  of  de- 
fending his  position  in  debate  and  telling  argument. 
He  is  still  content  to  remain  in  the  ranks  of  bachelor- 
dom,  as  the  charms  of  quiet  celibacy  are  congenial  to 
his  tastes. 


WILLIAM  M.  FALCONER  is  a  highly  esteemed 
citizen  of  Silver  King,  and  is  the  postmaster  there.  He 
is  a  man  of  real  worth  and  stands  high  with  all  who 
know  him.  William  M.  Falconer  was  born  in  Ontario, 
on  the  St.  Lawrence,  on  November  19,  1832,  the  son 
of  James  and  Anna  (Hay)  Falconer.  The  father  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  and  when  young  was  taken  to 
Canada  where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1861.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Scotland,  and  she  died  when  our 
subject  was  six.  William  M.  was  educated  and  reared 
in  Canada  until  eighteen  and  then  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  labored  at  bricklaying  and  marble  cutting 
until  1863.  Then  he  went  to  California,  via  the  Isth- 
mus, and  worked  at  his  trade  and  in  the  mines  about 
and  at  the  Comstock.  Next  he  was  in  Minnesota,  and 


for  five  years  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  county 
commissioners.  After  this  he  operated  a  general  mer- 
chandise business  in  the  Black  Hills,  and  later  in  Bis- 
marck, North  Dakota,  then  followed  farming  and  rais- 
ing stock  for  five  years,  after  which  he  operated  a  hotel 
in  Bismarck  for  seven  years.  Thence  he  came  to  Kel- 
logg in  1888  and  did  timbering  on  the  Bunker  Hill. 
He  has  been  postmaster  at  Silver  King  since  July,  1901, 
and  his  administration  has  given  general  satisfaction. 
Mr.  Falconer  is  also  handling  the  boarding  house.  He 
has  mining  interests  with  his  nephew,  William  J.  Mc- 
Lean, also  "other  mining  property.  Mr.  Falconer  has 
the  following  brothers  and  sisters, — Samuel  A.,  Nor- 
man, Daniel.  William  A.,  John,  Henry,  Anna  McClel- 
lan,  Margaret  McDonald,  Eliza  MacNider,  Jennie 
Cameron,  Christena  Gilbert,  Mary  McLean.  ' 

On  February  9,  1873,  Mr.  Falconer  married  Miss 
Sadie  McTigue,  the  wedding  occurring  at  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota.  Mrs.  Falconer  was  born  in  New  York  on 
August  3,  1851,  and  death  claimed  her  on  October  22, 
1889,  at  Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota.  One  daughter  sur- 
vives her,  Edna,  wife  of  Chauncey  W.  Butler,  a  dentist 
in  Independence,  Oregon.  Mr.  Falconer's  son,  Samuel 
N.,  died  January  21,  1883,  at  Bismarck,  aged  seven; 
his  daughter,  Clara  C.,  died  in  Wardner  September  6, 
1897,  the  result  of  an  accidental  gunshot.  Mr.  Fal- 
coner is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  the 
chapter  and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  a  Republican  and 
was  postmaster  at  Bismarck  for  five  years.  Mr.  Fal- 
coner is  now  clerk  of  the  school  board  and  is  justice  of 
the  peace. 


JOHN  AULD  is  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Kel- 
logg, and  for  years  has  been  identified  with  the  country 
and  the  mines.  He  is  a  man  of  substantial  qualities 
and  of  excellent  standing.  John  Auld  was  born  amid 
the  rugged  scenes  of  Scotland  and  reared  and  educated 
there.  The  date  of  his  inception  in  life  was  January  3, 
18=^0,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Agnes  (Rodman) 
Auld,  natives  of  Scotland.  The  father  was  a  calico 
printer  and  muslin  weaver,  now  deceased.  The  mother 
died  in  August,  1902,  aged  eighty.  Our  subject  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1880,  locating  in  Randolph 
nty,  Missouri,  where  he  followed  mining.  Later  he 
lUght  at  this  occupation  in  Murphysboro,  Illinois, 
i  went  to  Tombstone,  Arizona,  and  mined  for  silver, 
ct  we  see  him  in  Coos  Bay  country,  Oregon,  where 
nined  coal,  and  in  1887  he  made  his  way  to  Ward- 
,  and,  after  a  short  time  in  various  employments  he 
took  a  position  in  the  Bunker  Hill  mines  and  remained 
in  that  capacity  until  1892.  Then  he  was  transferred 
to  the  mill  at  Kellogg  and  there  he  has  wrought  with 
display  of  faithfulness  and  efficiency  since.  Mr.  Auld 
has  a  fine  large  two  story  lodging  house,  and  also  a 
residence,  besides  other  property. 

On  October  24,  1873,  Mr.  Auld  married  Miss 
Agnes,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Mary  Garrett,  de- 
ceased. Mrs.  Auld  has  two  brothers, — James  and  An- 
drew, in  Arizona,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Mary  Gunnyon, 
in  Portland.  Five  children  have  been  born  to  this 
couple, — Mary,  wife  of  Adam  Geottge,  a  miner  in 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Wardner ;  Agues,  wife  of  Charles  W.  Simmons,  book- 
keeper in  the  Bunker  Hill :  Margaret,  wife  of  William 
H.  Herrick,  shift  boss  in  the  Empire  State ;  Jamesina, 
with  parents ;  John,  a  student  in  the  university  at  Mos- 
cow taking  a  special  course  in  mining.  Air.  Auld  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Sunset  Lodge  No.  5,  in 
Marshfield,  Oregon.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  In- 
dustrial Union,  and  in  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  Mr. 
Auld  has  also  served  as  school  trustee. 


JOSEPH  B.  KENDALL  is  foreman  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Development  Company's  mines  at  Silver 
King.  He  was  born  in  Mariposa  county,  California, 
on  September  16,  1863,  the  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Palmer  (Vigeraux)  Kendall.  The  fathc 
in  Bristol,  England,  and  died  i: 
seventy-one  years.  He  was 
to  the  United  States  in  1850 
company.  He  followed  hi 


1902  at  Spokane,  aged 
blacksmith  and  came 
sent  out  by  a  mining 
:le  and  mining  all  his 


He  was  in  the  Cariboo  excitement  in  the 
ties,  then  he  returned  to  California,  later  was  in  Sil- 
ver City,  Idaho,  and  in  1875  was  sent  to  New  Guinea 
for  a  French  mining  company.  He  went  to  England 
in  1900  and  upon  his  return  came  to  work  with  his 
son  and  was  taken  with  pneumonia  and  died  in  the 
Sacred  Heart  hospital  on  August  2,  1902.  The  mother 
was  a  native  of  France  and  lives  in  Bodie,  California. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  in 
California  and  in  Virginia  City  until  fourteen,  then  he 
went  to  work  on  a  ranch  in  Nevada.  He  operated  in 
the  mines  at  Bodie  for  six  years,  then  followed  min- 
ing in  Virginia  City,  later  he  was  in  the  fire  depart- 
ment there  also,  after  which  he  prospected  in  Arizona 
and  was  shift  boss  and  foreman  in  various  places  until 
1895,  when  he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  He 
was  a  short  time  in  the  Bunker  Hill,  also  in  the  Last 
Chance,  being  shift  boss  for  over  two  years.  He  leased 
for  some  time  the  mines,  and  on  April  i,  1901,  Mr. 
Kendall  came  to  his  present  position  and  here  he  has 
remained  since.  He  has  one  brother,  Thomas,  and  one 
sister,  Helen  Duval,  and  one  half-sister,  Annie  Kelly. 
On  March  17,  1806,  Mr.  Kendall  married  Miss 
Mable,  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Duffy)  Bag- 
ley,  natives  of  New  York.  They  have  one  child,  Will- 
iam T.,  born  November  16,  1962.  The  father  was  a 
Eioneer  to  California  and  was  port  inspector  aj  San 
'rancisco  under  Grant  and  later  at  the  mint  at  Carson. 
He  died  in  1883.  The  mother  died  at  San  Francisco 
in  1894.  Mrs.  Kendall  is  a  native  of  San  Francisco 
and  has  one  sister,  Katie  Smith. 


WILLIAM  H.  HERRICK,  JR.,  well  and  favor- 
ably known  in  Wardner,  where  he  holds  the  position 
of  shift  boss  in  the  Empire  State  mine,  is  a  young  man 
of  capabilities  and  excellent  standing.  He  was  born 
in  Oswego,  New  York,  on  May  ^,  1875,  being  the 
son  of  William  H.  and  Harriet' (Mollison)  Herrick, 
natives  of  New  York.  The  father  descended  from  an 


old  and  prominent  American  family  and  his  ancestors 
fought  for  American  independence,  one  of  them  bdng 
an  officer  in  the  Continental  army.  He  is  now  agent 
for  the  Louisiana  Cypress  Company  in  New  York.  The 
mother  came  from  Scotch  ancestry,  who  also  were 
prominent  in  the  Revolution.  Our  subject  was  reared 
in  Oswego  and  Lockport  until  fourteen  and  then  the 
family  went  to  New  Rochelle.  He  received  a  fine  course 
in  the  high  school  in  New  York  and  then  a  scientific 
course  in  the  University  in  that  city,  paying  especial 
attention  to  civil  enginering.  Completing  that,  Mr. 
Herrick  came  to  Rossland,  British  Columbia,  where  he 
operated  in  the  mines  two  years.  The  next  year  was 
spent  in  charge  of  the  Stray  Horse  mine  in  Republic, 
Washington,  and  in  July,  1900,  Mr.  Herrick  came  to 
Wardner  and  engaged  in  the  mines.  Two  months 
later  he  was  promoted  to  his  present  position  and  has 
done  efficient  work  here  since  that  time.  Mr.  Herrick 
has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,  Gilbert,  Harold, 
Richard,  Lena. 

On  September  17,  1901,  Mr.  Herrick  married,  Miss 
Margaret,  daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  Auld,  who 
are  mentioned  in  the  work,  as  also  are  their  children. 
Mr.  Herrick  is  a  Republican  and  takes  the  part  of  an 
intelligent  citizen  in  the  political  campaigns.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Delta  Phi  "fraternity. 


WILLIAM  D.  SHAMBERGER  is  the  efficient  su- 
perintendent of  the  Ca-ur  d'Alene  Development  Com- 
pany at  Silver  King,  and  is  a  well  known  and  capable 
mining  man.  He  was  born  in  Baltimore  countv,  Mary- 
land, on  May  21,  1857,  the  son  of  Jacob  aiid  Julia 
(Beckley)  Shamberger,  natives  of  the  same  county  as 
our  subject.  The  father  was  a  prominent  preacher  in 
the  German  Brethren.,  and  also  a  leading  business  man. 
He  operated  farms,  saw  and  grist  mills,  was  president 
of  a  railroad  and  was  a  successful  man.  He  died  in 
1895  on  the  old  homestead.  His  father,  Jacob,  was  a 
participant  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  mother  djed  in 
1891,  and  came  from  a  very  prominent  family.  Her 
brother  Daniel  is  now  managing  a  large  paper  inanti- 
tory  that  his  grandfather  established.  Our  subject  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  normal  schools,  and,  when 
twenty-one  went  to  North  Dakota.  Then  we  next  se< 
him  in  Butte,  Montana,  foreman  of  the  concentratoi 
for  the  Parrott  Smelting  Company.  Under  President 
Arthur's  administration  he  was  appointed  farmer  on  the 
Shoshone  reservation.  Then  he  was  one  of  the  builders 
and  owners  of  the  Butte  Reduction  Works,  and  also 
leased  mines.  Later  he  was  superintendent  of  the 
Young  American  mine  just  above  Colville,  Washing- 
ton, and  assisted  to  found  Bossbtirg.  In  November, 
1893,  Mr.  Shamberger  returned  to  his  old  position  in 
Butte  for  five  years.  Then  he  was  manager  of  the  Eva 
May  mines  at  Basin,  Montana,  and  in  1899  he  came  to 
Silver  King,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been  in  charge 
of  the  Silver  King,  Crown  Point  and  other  properties 
of  this  company.  Mr.  Shamberger  has  three  brothers 
and  four  sisters —Daniel,  Joseph,  John,  Elizabeth 
Rover,  Sarah  Barren,  Esther  Chenowath,  Susannah. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


On  October  26,  1896,  at  Butte,  Mr.  Shamberger 
married  Miss  Maud,  daughter  of  Hugh  and  Mary 
(McLeod)  McMillan,  natives  of  Canada.  They  live 
in  Butte,  but  Mr.  McMillan  is  now  absent  in  South 
Africa  building  mills.  He  is  an  architect  and  mill- 
wright of  note.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shamberger  there 
have  been  born  four  children,— John  Philip,  aged  six ; 
Hugh  A.  and  Ralph  J.,  twins,  aged  three ;  Ruth,  aged 
eighteen  months.  Mr.  Shamberger  is  a  member  of  the 
Foresters,  and  of  the  Junior  Order  of  Mechanics.  Mrs. 
Shamberger  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  is  a  solid  Republican,  and  has  been  to  the  state  con- 
ventions. Mr.  Shamberger  is  interested  with  his 
brother  in  a  stock  farm  at  Payette. 


WILLIAM  P.  SWINERTON.  A  pioneer  of 
the  early  days,  coming  to  Wardner,  then  Kentuck,  on 
May  3,  1886.  in  company  with  J.  H.  Anderson,  the 
subject  of  this  review  has  steadily  wrought  here  since 
with  assiduity  and  faithfulness,  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  reliable  men  of  the  town.  Wardner  con- 
sisted of  one  tent  where  the  Spokane  hotel  stands,  one 
tent  opposite,  and  one  log  house  when  Mr.  Swinerton 
arrived  here,  and  he  has  seen  the  growth  and  improve- 
ment that  has  made  this  one  of  the  best  districts  of  the 
northwest.  At  first  he  bonded  the  Sierra  Nevada  for 
sixty  thousand  dollars  and  his  partner  went  east  to 
raise  the  funds,  but  failed  until  after  the  bond  expired. 
Then  Mr.  Swinerton  went  to  hauling  ore  for  the  Em- 
pire State,  and  later  contracted  for  the  Bunker  Hill  & 
Sullivan  to  handle  their  freight,  and  since  then  he  ha's 
continued  at  this  business.  He  has  about  thirty  head 
of  horses  and  also  does  general  freighting  and  con- 
tracting. We  append  also  a  detailed  account  of  the 
career  of  Mr.  Swinerton  which  will  be  interesting  to 
all.  He  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  on  April  29, 
1853,  being  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Eliza  (Parker) 
Swinerton,  natives  of  Canada.  The  paternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  born  in  Ireland.  Thomas 
Swinerton  was  reeve  of  his  county  in  Canada  for 
thirty  years,  the  office  being  the  same  as  chairman  of 
the  board  of  county  commissioners  here.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  parliament  for  four 
years,  and  in  1849  came  to  California  and  built  a  saw 
mill  which  he  operated  for  two  years.  Returning  to 
Canada,  he  came  back  to  California  for  one  year  and 
then  went  home  with  a  good  fortune.  He  owned  farms, 
a  saw  mill,  grist  mill,  a  general  merchandise  store  and 
much  other  property  in  Canada.  Mr.  Swinerton  was 
a  prominent  and  influential  citizen  and  was  also  a  lead- 
ing Free  Mason,  being  past  grand  master.  His  death 
occurred  on  December  21,  1893,  being  aged  seventy- 
three.  The  mother  of  our  subject  died  March  29,  1901. 
Her  father  was  a  wealthy  and  prominent  man,  born  in 
Ireland.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  excellent 
schools  of  Ontario,  and  when  twenty-five  came  to  Iowa, 
having  also  been  on  his  own  resources  since  thirteen 
years  of  age.  He  bought  a  farm,  later  sold  and  en- 
gaged in  the  livery  business,  and  then  sold  that  and 
came  with  an  old  prospector,  J.  H.  Anderson,  over- 


land to  Murray  in  1885.  He  mined  in  this  place  a  little 
and  then  came  to  Kentuck,  as  mentioned  above.  Mr. 
Swinerton  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters, — James, 
Albert,  Margaret,  Mary. 

On  February  28,  1879,  Mr.  Swinerton  married 
Miss  Agnes,  daughter  of  James  and  Agnes  Richardson. 
Mr.  Richardson  owned  a  beautiful  residence  in  Canada, 
known  as  the  Maple  Grove.  He  went  to  California  in 
1849  and  returned  with  a  good  fortune.  He  died  on 
May  26,  1894,  in  his  seventieth  year.  Mrs.  Richard- 
son is  also  deceased.  Mrs.  Swinerton  has  two  broth- 
ers—John W.,  William  H.  Five  children  have  been 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Swinerton, — Mrs.  Agnes 
Thompson,  whose  husband  is  foreman  in  the  machine 
shops  of  the  Empire  State;  Alice.  Albert  T.,  both  at- 
tending the  university  at  Moscow ;  Wiley  and  Annie, 
both  deceased.  Mr.  Swinerton  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
P.,  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F...  and  of  the  Eagles.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Swinerton  are  both  active  Republicans,  and  he  is  a 
member  of  the  central  committee,  while  Mrs.  Swiner- 
ton takes  as  active  a  part  in  political  matters  as  the 
duties  of  her  household  will  permit.  They  are  among 
the  leaders  in  society  and  are  popular  and  good  people. 
Mrs.  Swinerton  is  a  member  of  the  Congregational 


FRED  A.  STEVENS  is  one  of  the  leading,  enter- 
prising and  public  minded  citizens  of  Osburn,  and  it  is 
with  pleasure  that  we  are  privileged  to  mention  his 
career  in  this  connection,  especially  so  as  he  is  one  of 
the  earliest  prospectors  in  this  district,  and  is  one  of 
those  whose  labors  have  wrought  much  for  the  country. 
He  was  born  in  England  on  May  6,  1859,  the  son  of 
Alfred  and  Sarah  (Denhan)  Stevens,  natives  of  Eng- 
land, where  they  still  live,  now  retired.  Our  subject 
was  well  educated  in  the  leading  schools,  and  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1882,  and  in  May,  1883,  he  was 
in  the  first  excitement  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district.  All 
left  again,  and  the  next  year  as  some  came  out  with 
dust  to  buy  provisions  there  was  another  rush.  Our 
subject  bought  a  beef  animal  and  hired  Indians  to  pack 
it  in  and  sold  it  to  good  advantage.  Then  he  bought 
another  and  drove  it  in  and  netted  one  hundred  and 
ninety-two  dollars  beside  sixty  dollars  for  a  load  his 
horse  packed.  Then  Mr.  Stevens  went  to  packing  and 
into  the  meat  business  and  he  did  well.  He  also  had 
prospectors  out  and  he  did  well  in  that  line,  selling  one 
claim  for  seven  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Stevens  also 
packed  the  first  ore  out  of  the  Bunker  and  other  mines. 
In  1886  he  bought  his  present  ranch  in  Osburn,  and 
later  added  some  other  land.  Then  he  went  into  the 
meat  business,  and  later  added  freighting  and  devoted 
himself  to  these  occupations  and  conducting  his  farm. 
Latterly  he  has  given  himself  entirely  to  handling  stock 
and  to  operating  a  wholesale  and  retail  market.  He 
has  established  one  of  the  most  excellent  places  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  district,  it  being  at  Wallace.  He  is  now 
located  on  Sixth  street.  Mr.  Stevens  has  three  brothers 
and  three  sisters,— Joseph,  Cornelius,  Edwin,  Sarah 
Harding,  Mary  A.  Harding,  Florence  Purcell. 

In  October,  1884,  Mr.  Stevens  married  Mrs.  Mary 


1 174 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Taylor,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Mr.  Stevens  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  the  Encampment.  He 
is  popular,  both  for  his  stirring  qualities  and  for  his 
genial  and  upright  ways,  and  his  friends  are  numerous 
from  all  quarters  of  the  country.  Mr.  Stevens  is  a 
capable  and  successful  business  man,  and  has  mani- 
fested real  worth  and  industry  in  his  career. 


WILLIAM  J.  SHEEHY  is  one  of  the  partners  of 
the  firm  of  Smith  &  Sheehy,  druggists  of  Pierce. 
He  was  born  in  Allamakee  county,  Iowa,  on  November 
26,  1872,  being, the  son  of  James  W.  and  Ellen  (Mur- 
phy) Sheehy.  The  father  was  born  in  Brattleboro, 
Vermont,  in"  1847  and  died  in  1897.  He  was  of  Irish 
extraction  and  was  prominent  in  local  politics,  having 
been  mayor  of  his  town,  Postville,  for  two  terms.  He 
followed  contracting  and  building.  The  mother  of 
our  subject  was  born  in  Missouri,  and  her  parents  came 
from  Ireland.  She  was  married  in  Clearmont,  Iowa, 
in  1871  and  died  in  1899,  aged  fifty  years.  William 
J.  was  raised  in  Iowa,  received  his  elementary  training 
in  the  district  school  and  afterwards  was  especially 
favored  in  having  a  course  at  the  state  university  and 
also  at  Bayless  college  in  Dubuque.  In  1892  he  went 
to  St.  Paul  with  Gordon  &  Furguson,  furriers,  con- 
tinuing for  three  years.  Then  he  acted  as  salesman  in 
various  places  in  Dakota  and  in  1901  he  came  to  Idaho 
engaging  for  a  short  time  in  Lewiston.  Next  he  came 
to  Orofino  and  later  entered  partnership  with  Mr. 
Smith.  In  addition  to  their  drug  business  they  handle 
a  large  trade  in  tobaccos  and  cigars.  Mr.  Sheehy 
has  six  sisters,  Mayme,  wife  of  George  Newburry, 
cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank  at  Carrington, 
North  Dakota;  Margaret,  Nellie,  Kate,  Veronica  and 
Ruth,  all  residing  at  Carrington.  Mr.  Sheehy  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  P.  and  the  M.  W.  A.  at  Orofino. 

In  North  Dakota  on  December  6,  1897,  Mr.  Sneehy 
married  Miss  Laura  A.,  daughter  of  James  and  Mar- 
garet (Johnson)  Hunt,  natives  of  Canada,  and  now  in 
the  implement  business  in  Willow  City,  North  Dakota. 
Mrs.  Sheehy  has  a  common  schooling  and  has  two 
brothers  and  two  sisters,  Harry,  Robert,  Edith,  wife 
of  Charles  Mallory,  partner  with  his  father-in-law; 
Jessie,  single,  living  with  parents.  Two  sons  have 
been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sheehy,  Harold  and  Alvin. 
Mr.  Sheehy  is  interested  in  mining  in  the  Pierce  dis- 
trict. 


BENJAMIN  C.  HAMMITT  was  one  of  the  first 
to  invade  the  Prichard  creek  country  in  the  early  days 
and  since  then  he  has  been  associated  with  the  mining 
here  almost  constantly  and  his  enterprise,  skill  and 
assiduity  have  given  him  a  good  success.  He  was 
born  in  Oregon,  December  20,  1859,  the  son  of  Norman 
P.  and  Frances  (Zumwalt)  Hammitt,  natives  of  Ohio 
and  Missouri,  respectively.  The  father  crossed  the 
plains  to  San  Francisco  in  1849,  mined  about  seven 
years,  then  went  to  the  Willamette  valley,  where  he 
died  on  June  6,  1901.  He  fought  in  the  Rogue  river 


Indian  war.  The  mother  crossed  the  plains  with  her 
parents  in  the  early  'forties.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  the  state  university,  then  was 
employed  on  the  civil  engineer  corps  of  the  O.  R.  &  N. 
and  in  1883  came  to  Palouse,  Washington.  He  came 
in  August  of  that  year  over  the  Evolution  trail  to  Mr. 
Prichard's  house,  the  only  one  in  Eagle  and  later  went 
back  to  the  Palouse  country.  The  next  year  he  came 
in  over  the  Jackass  trail  and  since  then  he  has  been  here 
constantly  excepting  some  visits  to  his  native  place. 
Mr.  Hammitt  sold  a  quartz  claim  for  two  thousand 
dollars  and  he  has  located,  sold  and  worked  in  mining 
constantly  since.  In  1891  he  bought  a  fourth  interest 
in  the  Myrtle  group  and  since  has  devoted  his  energy 
to  working  that  group.  He  also  owns  an  interest  in 
the  Montana  bar  group  and  also  has  several  other 
claims.  Mr.  Hammitt  has  the  following  brothers  and 
sisters,  George,  Marvin,  Victor,  John,  Cloud,  May, 
Belle  Seeley,  Fanny  Barker,  Maud,  Grace.  Mr.  Ham- 
mitt is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  being  senior 
deacon.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  has  been  in  the  county 
convention.  Mr.  Hammitt  is  a  man  of  worth  and  good 
character,  has  many  friends  and  has  won  confidence 
and  esteem  from  all". 


LUDWIG  NISTLER,  who  is  now  mining  at  Delta 
and  is  one  of  the  well  known  and  popular  men  of  the 
district,  has  had  a  long  and  eventful  experience  that 
detailed  in  full  would  make  an  interesting  volume. 
We  append  a  brief  epitome.  He  was  born  in  Saxe- 
Coburg-Gotha,  Germany,  on  April  27,  1854,  the  son 
of  Ludwig  and  Sophie  (Walter)  Nistler,  natives  of  the 
same  place.  The  father  died  on  May  I,  1901.  He 
had  been  in  the  United  States  and  had  served  in  the 
Civil  war.  •  The  mother  died  when  our  subject  was 
fifteen.  Ludwig  was  well  educated  in  literary  lines 
and  in  music  and  also  perfected  himself  in  the  lock- 
smith trade.  When  twenty-seven  he  came  to  the 
United  States  and  worked  in  Missoula,  then  mined  on 
Clearwater  creek,  then  wrought  variously  until  Janu- 
ary, 1884,  when  he  came  to  Eagle  via  Trout  creek.  He 
built  houses,  laid  foundations  and  did  various  other 
work  with  his  partners  and  later  prospected.  Then  he 
was  in  the  Lolo  creek  district  but  returned  here  "broke." 
He  sold  a  mule  and  got  a  start,  then  prospected  some 
more  with  the  success  of  finding  nothing.  Then  Mr. 
Nistler  assisted  to  erect  Brown's  brewery,  to  dig  Ham- 
mond's big  ditch  and  also  did  some  good  performing 
on  the  great  Fourth  of  July  celebration  well  known  to 
all  in  early  days.  Mr.  Nis'tler  built  a  good  portion  of 
the  Osburn  road,  dug  on  Dutch  Jake's  bar,  where  he 
made  an  ounce  per  day,  then  mined  all  summer  indus- 
triously with  his  partner  and  in  the  fall  summed  up 
their  capital  into  forty  dollars  of  debt  and  the  grub  all 
gone.  They  tried  it  on  California  bar  and  hired  help, 
but  after  they  paid  their  men  found  themselves  in  the 
same  condition  as  on  the  last  occasion.  Later  he  bought 
an  interest  in  Placer  Gulch  and  sunk  a  shaft  but  found 
nothing.  The  next  year  they  ground  sluiced  and  sim- 
ply made  their  board  and  still  Mr.  Nistler  was  not  dis- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


couraged,  his  native  grit  keeping  well  in  play.  Then 
he  returned  to  his  old  shaft  and  twelve  feet  further  on 
at  last  grasped  the  wing  of  the  elusive  fortune  and  they 
made  good  pay  for  two  years.  Next  he  and  his  part- 
ner located  a  claim  abandoned  by  the  millionaire  Chas. 
Sweeney,  and  took  out  one  nugget  that  netted  seven 
hundred  and  seventy-two  dollars.  This  was  in  July, 
1902.  Mr.  Nistler  is  still  mining  and  is  now  well 
prospered  and  Dame  Fortune  is  smiling  on  his  efforts. 
He  has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Carl,  Rosa. 

On  November  10,  1895,  Mr.  Nistler  married  Mrs. 
Paula  Rehm,  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  on  August 
12,  1863.  Her  father,  Hans  Schroeder,  died  in  Ger- 
many in  1882.  The  mother,  Minna  (Billerbeck) 
Schroeder,  died  in  1885.  Mrs.  Nistler  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1891.  She  has  one  brother,  Louis, 
and  three  sisters,  Anna  Borchert,  Regina  Strudhoff, 
Marie.  Mr.  Nistler  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Mrs.  Nistler  received  a  fine  education  in  her  native 
land  and  she  is  a  sweet  singer  and  an  excellent  musi- 
cian. Mr.  Nistler  is  also  possessed  of  excellent  vocal 
powers  and  is  skilled  in  instrumental  music  as  well. 
They  are  entertaining  and  leading  people  and  are  very 
popular  both  on  account  of  their  genial  and  kind  ways 
and  their  qualifications. 


JOHN  P.  WHITE.  This  industrious  and  enter- 
prising gentleman  is  one  of  Wardner's  well  known 
business  men.  He  is  handling  a  custom  and  repair 
shop  in  shoe  ware  while  also  he  carries  a  stock  of 
ready  made  goods  of  all  kinds  of  footwear.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  Mr.  White  operates  a  cigar  and  tobacco 
store,  thus  demonstrating  his  energy,  tact  and  skill  in 
the  line  of  business.  He  is  a  skilled 'workman  and  has 
commanded  a  fine  patronage  from  the  beginning. 

John  P.  White  was  born  in  Rowlesburg,  West 
Virginia,  on  May  15,  1860.  being  the  son  of  Edwin  and 
Ellen  (Freeman)  White.  The  father  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  springing  from  a  well  known  old  New 
England  family.  When  twenty-one  he  went  to  West 
Virginia  and  now  dwells  in  Indiana.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Virginia,  coming  from  an  old  Virginia  family. 
She  died  in  1870,  aged  forty-five.  The  death  occurred 
near  Baltimore.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  West 
Virginia  and  Virginia  principally,  remaining  there  un- 
til 1899.  He  learned  the  shoemaker  trade  and  be- 
came an  expert  in  this  line  and  followed  it  there.  In 
the  year  last  mentioned  he  came  to  Bonners  Ferry  and 
after  a  few  months  there  made  his  way  to  Wardner  and 
opened  his  present  shop.  He  has  continued  here  since 
that  time  with  an  ever  increasing  patronage  and  is  now 
one  of  the  established  business  men  of  the  place.  Mr. 
White  has  a  comfortable  home  and  other  property 
which  his  industry  and  thrift  have  accumulated.  Mr. 
White  has  one  brother.  Charles,  and  two  sisters,  Mrs. 
Laura  Beavers  and  Mrs.  Olive  Shay. 

In  December,  1879,  in  Virginia,  Mr.  White  mar- 
•ried  Miss  Mary  C,  daughter  of  George  and  Susan 
Wiseman,  now  deceased.  Mrs.  White  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,  George,  Mrs.  Belle  Baylor.  To  Mr. 


and  Mrs.  White  six  children  have  come  for  blessing; 
and  comfort,  Otto,  Laura,  Maude,  Mabel,  Orpheus, 
Tulloss,  all  at  home.  Mr.  White  is  fraternally  affiliated 
with  the  M.  Wr.  A.  and  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  He  is  a  de- 
vout member  of  the  Congregational  church  and  his 
wife  of  the  Lutheran.  Mr.  White  devotes  much  time 
and  attention  to  church  work  and  is  known  as  a  man 
who  practices  what  he  preaches.  In  political  matters 
he  is  a  Democrat  but  not  a  partisan  and  always  favors 
the  best  man  and  the  wisest  principles. 


JOHN  I.  DREW.  The  Maze  saloon  is  operated 
and  owned  by  Drew  Brothers,  the  firm  being  John  I. 
and  Thomas  W.  Drew.  They  also  own  another  sa- 
loon in  Kellogg.  The  Maze  is  the  headquarters  for 
miners  and  prospectors  and  is  conducted  personally  by 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  while  Thomas  handles  the 
Kellogg  property. 

John  I.  Drew  was  born  in  Scotland,  on  February 
n,  1867,  being  the  son  of 'James  and  Mary  (Irvin) 
Drew,  natives  of  Scotland.  "They  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1871  and  now  dwell  at  Blackfoot,  Idaho. 
Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Braidwood,  Illi- 
nois, and  Park  City,  Utah,  in  which  the  father  followed 
his  occupation  of  mining.  1879  was  tne  date  tne  family 
settled  in  Park  City,  Utah.  After  a  short  time  in  the 
schools  there  John  I.  went  into  the  mines  and  he  has 
since  that  time  until  recently  been  connected  with 
prospecting  or  mining  in  all  the  various  camps  and 
districts  of  the  northwest.  He  came  to  Wardner  in 
1898  and  in  1900  the  brothers  opened  the  present  place 
of  business  in  Wardner.  Thomas  W.  was  born  in 
Scotland  on  January  17,  1865,  and  he  has  been  asso- 
ciated with  his  brother  in  all  the  various  ventures  and 
labors  and  business  that  have  occupied  him.  They 
have  three  more  brothers,  William,  George,  James,  and 
two  sisters,  Mrs.  Annie  Mackie,  Mrs.  Jessie  Murphy, 
all  in  Blackfoot,  except  the  last  who  is  in  Nebraska. 

At  Dubois,  Idaho,  on  January  31,  1892,  Mr.  John 
I.  Drew  married  Clementina  Hutchinson  whose  parents, 
Jacob  F.  and  Rhoda  J.,  are  farmers  near  Blackfoot. 
Mrs.  Drew  has  four  brothers  and  two  sisters.  Joseph, 
William,  Eugene,  Dewey,  Stella,  Lelia,  all  at  Black- 
foot,  but  the  first,  who  is  at  Wardner.  Mr.  Drew  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  in  Blackfoot  and  of  the 
Eagles,  being  trustee,  in  Wardner.  Mr.  Drew  is  a 
Democrat  but  not  a  partisan.  The  Drew  Brothers  are 
well  known  and  are  substantial  citizens. 


ANDREW  B.  WARD.  This  pleasant  and  genial 
gentleman  is  now  one  of  the  leading  mining  men  in 
Thiard  and  has  the  distinction  of  being  one  of  the  early 
pioneers  to  open  up  this  district.  He  was  born  in  Ran- 
dolph county.  West  Virginia,  on  fuly  26,  1855,  the  son 
of  Levi  D.  and  Rebecca  (Wamsley)  Ward,  natives  of 
West  Virginia.  They  both  died  on  the  old  homestead, 
the  mother  on  July  i^  1880,  and  the  father  on  Septem- 
ber i,  1863.  The  father  had  been  imprisoned  by  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Federal  authorities  on  supposed  sympathy  with  the 
south  and  when  he  came  home  he  was  broken  in  health 
and  died  in  two  weeks.  The  Ward  family  is  prominent 
in  Virginia,  Kentucky  and  other  states  and  the  ancestors 
came  here  in  early  days.  They  were  well  represented  in 
the  Revolution  and  other  wars  of  the  nation.  The 
mother's  people  were  also  prominent  in  the  early  days. 
Our  subject  was  well  educated  and  taught  school  for 
seven  years  and  then  in  the  fall  of  1882,  he  and  his 
brothers  Samuel  and  James  came  to  the  Black  Hills 
country  and  there  spent  two  years  hunting  buffalo. 
They  were  very  successful  in  bagging  the  large  game. 
Then  they  came  to  this  district,  landing  here  on  March 
20.  1884.  They  went  at  once  to  prospecting  and  located 
the  Fay  Templeton  claims  and  eleven  claims  at  the  head 
of  Trail  Gulch.  In  addition  our  subject  and  his  broth- 
ers own  various  other  claims,  quartz  and  placer.  Mr. 
Ward  has  the  following  named  brothers,  Samuel,  born 
May  3,  1852,  who  returned  to  West  Virginia  in  1901  ; 
James  A.,  born  February  u,  1860;  Jacob  L.,  born  Jan- 
uary I,  1848.  James  is  here  with  his  brother.  Among 
other  claims  Mr.  Ward  and  his  brother  located  the 
Wakeup  Jim  and  Charleston  groups. 

On  October  7,  1901,  Mr.  Ward  married  Mrs.  Char- 
lotte Ashman,  nee  Hutchison.  Mr.  Ward  is  a  Demo- 
crat but  is  now  partisan,  for  he  always  reserves  for  his 
own  decision  the  questions  of  the  day  and  his  vote  is 
cast  for  the  general  welfare  and  the  policy  that  is  for 
advancement  and  improvement. 


MARTIN  NOONAN  was  born  in  Ireland,  on  No- 
vember 10,  1833,  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (Ouinn) 
Noonan,  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father  died  Tn  Sci- 
iuate,  Massachusetts,  in  1890,  and  in  that  city  the 
mother  also  died  recently.  Our  subject  came  to  the 
United  States  with  his  parents  when  he  was  sixteen, 
remained  in  East  Bridgewater  for  six  years  and  then 
went  to  Scituate  where  the  parents  remained  until  their 
death.  He  learned  shoemaking  and  his  father  opened 
a  business  in  Irish  moss  which  his  grandson  is  now 
carrying  on.  In  1858,  our  subject  left  the  Old  Bay- 
state  for  California  and  mined  there  until  1864,  then 
came  to  Boise,  and  two  years  later  went  to  Montana. 
He  has  always  followed  placer  mining  and  is  an  expert 
at  the  business  and  is  interested  in  the  Myrtle  group 
-and  the  Montana  bar.  Mr.  Noonan  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters,  Patrick,  Michael,  Bridget  Quinn. 
Mr.  Noonan  is  retired  from  business  now  and  receives 
a  good  income  from  his  mines. 


CLARENCE  P.  SMITH.  This  cultured  and  stir- 
ring young  business  man  is  proprietor  of  the  Pioneer 
drug  store  at  Pierce,  which  business  he  has  placed  on 
a  good  footing,  it  being  one  of  the  established  houses  of 
the  town. 

Clarence  P.  Smith  was  born  in  Northumberland 
county,  Ontario,  on  September  21,  1879.  being  the  son 
of  Adam  H.  and  Frances  (Lankford)  Smith,  natives  of 


the  same  place.  The  father  is  a  mason  and  fanner 
and  a  member  of  the  city  council  in  Warkworth.  He  is 
aged  fifty-one.  The  mother  is  aged  forty-seven.  Clar- 
ence was  educated  in  the  high  school  and  then  took  a 
diploma  from  the  Campbellford  college.  Subsequent 
to  that,  Mr.  Smith  spent  one  year  in  traveling  and 
finally  located  in  Lewiston,  engaging  with  Ray  &  Os- 
mers,  druggists  of  that  place.  His  technical  knowledge 
rendered  him  a  valuable  assistant  in  their  line  and  he 
soon  won  distinction  as  a  pharmacist.  In  April  of  this 
year,  Mr.  Smith  opened  the  Pioneer  drug  store,  which 
was  a  successful  venture  from  the  first. 

Mr.  Smith  has  three  brothers  and  one  sister,  Henry 
L..  Richard  C.,  Morley  E.,  and  Mary  B.,  all  in  Canada. 
The  brothers  are  successful  school  teachers  in  Canada 
and  the  sister  is  a  small  girl.  Mr.  Smith  is  still  quietly- 
sailing  a  bachelor  craft.  He  is  popular  and  has  won 
many  friends,  being  an  upright  and  genial  young  man 
of  sound  principles. 


LODOWICK  W.  GAY,  one  of  the  well  known 
and  prosperous  business  men  of  Kellogg,  comes  from  a 
family  of  noble  birth  which  landed  in  Virginia  with  the 
cavaliers  in  the  days  of  John  Smith  and  have  been 
stanch  Americans  ever  since.  Upon  his  mother's  side 
he  comes  from  the  Evans  family  which  came  hither 
from  Wales  in  the  seventeenth  century. 

Lodowick  W.  Gay  was  born  in  Springfield,  Mis- 
souri, on  August  28,  1848,  being  the  son  of  Martin  B. 
and  Ann  (Evans)  Gay,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Ken- 
tucky, respectively.  They  crossed  the  plains  in  1851, 
settling  on  a  donation  claim  in  the  Willamette  valley. 
The  father  died  there  in  1867  and  the  mother  was  called 
to  the  scenes  beyond  in  1874,  both  departing  from  the 
old  home  place.  Our  subject  received  his  education 
and  was  reared  in  Oregon.  He  raised  stock  there  and 
farmed  until  1884  and  then  came  to  Eagle  City.  He 
delved  for  the  precious  in  Potosi  gulch  and  to  use  his 
laconic  phrase,  "went  broke."  He  quit  mining  then 
and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business.  This  was  in  1886 
and  he  opened  business  at  Kingston.  In  1887  he  went 
thence  to  Wardner  Junction,  and  from  there  in  the 
same  year  to  Wallace.  In  1888,  we  see  him  in  Mullan 
and  in  1889  he  returned  to  Wardner  Junction,  now 
Kellogg,  and  here  he  has  remained  since.  Mr.  Gay  has 
manifested  great  energy  and  enterprise  and  his  close 
attention  to  business  and  kind  and  careful  treatment  of 
all  have  given  him  a  good  patronage.  Mr.  Gay  has 
seven  brothers  and  one  sister,  James  W.,  a  farmer  in 
Lincoln  county,  Oregon ;  Charles  F..  a  real  estate  man 
in  Spokane :  John  W.,  in  Linn  county.  Oregon ;  Evans 
S.,  dairyman  and  wholesale  grain  dealer  in  Kellogg; 
Daniel  G.,  farmer  in  Linn  county,  Oregon :  David  G., 
farmer  in  Lane  county,  Oregon ;  William  K,  a  farmer 
in  Linn  county;  Mrs.  Martha  A.  Masterson,  in  Lane 
county. 

On  June  30,  1879.  Mr.  Gay  married  Mrs.  Mary  A. 
Miller,  nee  Wedding.  Her  stepfather  is  Charles  B.' 
Sweet,  a  well  known  Oregon  pioneer,  who  crossed  the 
plains  in  1852  and  now  lives  in  Lane  county  aged  sev- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


enty-eight.  Her  mother,  Elizabeth  Sweet,  also  lives 
there.  Mrs.  Gay  has  one  brother,  Grant  C.,  with  his 
parents.  She  has  one  child  by  her  former  marriage, 
George  T.  Miller,  a  stock  man  in  Oregon.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Gay  have  two  children,  Evans,  a  student  at  the 
C  /regon  University  in  Eugene ;  Leslie,  a  butcher  at 
home.  Mr.  Gay  is  a  member  of  the  Junior  Order  of 
American  Mechanics,  Washington  Lodge,  No.  I,  and 
also  the  Loyal  Orange  Institution  of  the  United  States, 
Lincoln  Lodge,  No.  403. 


WILLIAM  M.  RIGGS.  This  popular  gentleman 
and  substantial  citizen  of  Kellogg  is  handling  tonsorial 
parlors  there,  being  proprietor  of  the  same  and  is  doing 
a  good  business,  with  everything  up  to  date  and  handled 
in  a  skillful  and  pleasing  manner. 

William  M.  Riggs  was  born  in  Pacific  county, 
Washington,  on  May  26,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Green- 
berry  and  Sarah  (Hart)  Riggs,  natives  of  Missouri. 
The  lather  crossed  the  plains  in  the  early  forties  and 
located  in  Polk  county  where  he  followed  shoemaking 
and  farming  for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  also  en- 
gaged in  logging  and  was  all  through  the  Indian  wars 
of  southern  Oregon  and  later  in  Idaho.  The  mother 
crossed  the  plains  with  her  people  in  the  forties  and 
married  in  Polk  county.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  the 
Willamette  valley  and  received  a  good  education  from 
the  common  schools  and  the  Dallas  Academy.  Then  he 
followed  farming  with  his  parents  and  came  with  them 
to  eastern  Washington,  whence  they  went  to  Rainier, 
Oregon,  and  then  to  Pacific  count}-,  Washington.  Our 
subject  remained  eighteen  years  at  Rainier,  following 
the  wood  business  and  then  barbering.  It  was  October, 
1898.  that  he  came  to  Kellogg  and  opened  a  barber 
shop.  Here  he  has  continued  since  with  good  success, 
nnd  a  fine  patronage,  merited  by  his  skill  and  defer- 
ential treatment  of  all.  Mr.  Riggs  has  one  brother.  G. 
Arthur,  a  barber  in  Aberdeen,  Washington. 

On  August  16.  1882.  Mr.  Riggs  married  Miss 
Marie,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Omerine  Parmentier,  and 
a  native  of  Belgium.  Mr.  Riggs  is  a  member  of  the 
K.  P.,  and  the  W.  W.,  both  in  Rainier,  Oregon.  Mr. 
Riggs  is  a  Democrat  but  not  partisan  and  reserves  for 
himself  the  independence  of  thought  in  reference  to 
man  and  principles  that  should  characterize  every  true 
American  citizen.  In  addition  to  his  business  lie  has 
various  mining  interests  in  the  vicinity. 


GEORGE  A.  WOOD  is  at  the  present  time  post- 
master at  Thiard.  where  also  he  operates  a  general  mer- 
chandise establishment  and  in  addition  to  these  occu- 
pations does  considerable  mining.  He  is  a  man  of  en- 
terprise and  has  been  connected  with  the  mining  indus- 
tries in  this  section  for  many  years.  George  A.  Wood 
was  born  in  Rhode  Island,  on  July  29,  1846,  the  son  of 
Ransom  and  Susan  (Taylor)'  Wood,  also  natives  of 
Rhode  Island,  descendants  from  old  colonial  families. 
The  father  died  on  May  12,  1876,  and  the  mother  is 


now  deceased  also.  Our  subject  remained  in  Rhode 
Island  until  six  years  of  age  and  then  went  to  Illinois 
and  there  attended  school  and  worked  on  the  farm  with 
his  father.  In  1872  he  left  home  and  came  to  Mon- 
tana and  since  that  time  he  has  devoted  himself  mostly 
to  mining  and  prospecting.  On  May  31,  1884,  Mr. 
Wood  landed  in  Littlefield,  coming  in  over  the  Thomp- 
son Falls  trail.  He  at  once  commenced  to  prospect  and 
mine  and  in  the  fall  of  1887  he  came  to  his  present  place 
and  soon  bought  an  interest  in  the  placer  ground. 
Since  then  he  has  continued  here  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  section,  well  known  and  esteemed  by 
all.  Mr.  Wood  has  one  sister,  Abbie  Combest. 

On  March  4,  1893,  at  Spokane,  Washington,  Mr. 
Wood  married  Miss  Kate  Cavanaugh,  who  was  called 
hence  by  death  on  April  23,  1896.  Mr.  Wood  is  a 
Democrat  and  is  always  interested  in  the  welfare  and 
advancement  of  the  country  and  has  always  labored 
faithfully  for  this  end.  The  measure  of  success  that 
he  enjoys  has  been  entirely  merited  by  his  industry, 
skill  and  uprightness. 


EMIL  E.  BROWN  was  born  in  Alsace-Lorraine, 
under  the  French  flag,  on  December  22,  1845,  me  son 
of  Samuel  and  Flora  (Houbert)  Brown,  natives  of 
Alsace-Lorraine.  Our  subject  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1865,  was  educated  in  the  parochial  schools  in 
his  native  land  and  here  assisted  his  father  in  the  brew- 
ery business.  Later  he  was  in  St.  Louis  and  then  after 
four  years  there  he  went  to  the  west  and  visited  Colo- 
rado, Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Montana  and  other  places. 
He  did  brewery  business,  mined,  and  freighted  and  in 
the  spring  of  1884,  he  came  to  the  Murray  country. 
With  others  he  built  a  brewery  in  Delta,  but  later 
abandoned  the  project  on  account  of  high  price  of 
packing  in  grain.  Since  then  Mr.  Brown  has  devoted 
himself  to  mining.  He  has  two  brothers  and  four  sis- 
ters in  the  old  countn . 

In  Denver,  Colorado,  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss 
Flora  Andela,  a  native  of  Los  Animas,  Colorado,  and 
now  deceased.  One  child  was  born  to  this  union,  Mary, 
in  Denver. 


BENJAMIN  E.  JENKINS,  a  well  known  miner 
and  business  man  of  Wardner,  where  he  is  managing 
the  interests  of  E.  A.  Brady,  owner  of  a  saloon  in 
Wardncr,  was  born  in  Cornwall.  England,  on  Novem- 
ber 19,  1869,  being  the  son  of  John  and  Lane  (Pol- 
glase)  Jenkins,  natives  of  England.  The  father  is 
deceased  but  the  mother  still  lives  there.  Our  sub- 
ject came  to  the  United  States  in  1889,  landing  in 
Glass  Valley,  California,  where  he  mined  for  a  time, 
then  wrought  in  mines  in  other  portions  of  the  state, 
in  Colorado,  Pennsylvania,  Michigan,  Montana  and 
Utah.  It  was  1896 'that  Mr.  Jenkins  came  to  Ward- 
ner and  took  a  place  in  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sulli- 
van. He  continued  steadily  in  this  with  the  exception 
of  six  months  spent  in  Cripple  Creek,  where  he  went 
to  take  a  position  in  the  band,  until  May,  1902,  when 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


he  accepted  the  place  he  now  occupies.  Mr.  Brady 
was  called  away  by  other  business  and  placed  the 
management  of  his  property  in  the  hands  of  Mr. 
[enkins.  Mr.  Jenkins  has  three  brothers  and  four 
sisters,  William  H..  a  miner  in  Grass  Valley;  Tames 
and  Nicholas  in  England;  Mrs.  Mary  Richards  in 
Coulterville.  California;  Mrs.  Elizabeth  J.  Jenkins,  in 
Butte:  Emma  and  Phillipa,  in  England. 

On  June  21,  1898,  Mr.  Jenkins  married  Mrs. 
Grace  C.  Oscheir  in  Wardner.  Her  parents  are 
deceased.  She  has  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  James 
H.,  George  Hoskens,  in  Wardner;  Mrs.  Jane  Van 
Gilder,  also  in  Wardner.  Mrs.  Jenkins  has  one  daugh- 
ter by  a  former  marriage,  Ruby,  a  school  girl.  Mr. 
Jenkins  is  a  member  of  the  Eagles  and  is  a  skillful 
manipulator  of  the  tuba  in  the  Wardner  band.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican  and  his  standing  in  the 
community  is  excellent. 


GEORGE  McKTNNTS  is  one  of  the  old  timers  of 
the  Wardner  and  entire  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  at 
the  present  time  is  operating  a  saloon  in  Kellogg.  He 
was  born  in  Jackson  county,  Ohio,  on  October  16, 
1848,  the  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Hadway) 
McKinnis,  natives  of  Ohio.  The  father  is  from  an 
old  American  family  of  Scotch  extraction  and  the 

generations.  The  paternal  great-grandfather  of  our 
subject  fought  for  American  independence,  his  grand- 
father in  the  war  of  1812  and  his  father  and  two 
brothers  were  in  the  Civil  war  fighting  for  the  Union. 
The  father  died  in  1893.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  died  when  he  '  was  seven.  He  was 
reared  in  Ohio  and  Missouri,  whither  the 
family  came  in  1854.  The  two  older  brothers  enlisted, 
one  in  Iowa  and  the  other  in  a  Missouri  regiment, 
while  the  father  was  one  of  the  home  guards  and 
our  subject  was  detailed  to  care  for  the  younger  mer- 
bers  of  the  family.  Charles  was  a  lieutenant  when 
mustered  out  and  James  had  suffered  in  Andersonville. 
Both  are  now  deceased.  In  June,  1865,  our  subject 
went  to  New  Mexico  and  freighted  for  the  govern- 
ment, making  two  trips  from  Fort  Leavenworth  to 
Fort  Union.  One  year  later  he  returned  home  and 
in  1870  he  went  to  St.  Joseph  and  engaged  with  his 
brother  and  brother-in-law  in  their  mercantile  house. 
At  the  time  of  the  Black  Hills  excitement  they  went 
with  freighting  outfits  loaded  with  goods  and  sold 
them  well  in  the  mining  camps  of  that  district.  Our 
subject  erected  buildings  in  Crook  City  and  Deadwood 
and  they  remained  until  1880.  Then  the  brother  went 
to  Colorado,  where  he  died.  George  went  to  Mis- 
souri and  did  mercantile  work  until  1884,  when  he 
came  to  Eagle  City  and  prospected  and  mined.  He 
came  in  over  the  Belknap  trail  with  nine  others  and 
his  cash  fed  them  all.  Not  doing  well  in  the  mines, 
he  worked  out  at  various  employments,  then  went  to 
Thompson  and  Butte  and  cut  much  wood.  He  was 
back  to  Murray  at  the  time  of  the  starting  of  the 


bedrock  flu 


and 


e  to  Wardner  when  it  was 


town  of  tents.  He  bought  lots  and  opened  a  saloon. 
There  and  at  the  junction  at  Kellogg  he  has  been  since. 
Mr.  McKinnis  has  erected  two  hotels  and  other  build- 
ings in  Kellogg  and  has  had  the  misfortune  to  lose 
much  property  by  fire.  He  has  three  sisters  living, 
Lucinda  Frederick,  near  King  City,  Missouri :  Sarah 
Gilbert,  Savannah,  Missouri,  Elizabeth  Middlebaugh, 
near  Kidder,  Missouri. 

On  one  occasion  Mr.  McKinnis  joined  company 
with  the  famous  Kit  Carson  and  it  was  not  infrequent 
in  his  travels  that  he  passed  through  vast  herds  of 
buffalos.  He  had  numerous  fights  with  the  redskins 
and  on  one  occasion  he  pulled  fourteen  arrows  out  of 
his  wagon  bed  after  such  a  fight. 

At  St.  Joseph,  on  January  10,  1881,  Mr.  McKinnis 
married  Miss  Victoria  Womach,  a  native  of  Missouri. 
One  son,  Armond,  has  been  born  to  them  and  he  is 
an  apt  scholar  in  journalism  and  in  mechanics.  He 
is  with  his  mother  in  St.  Joseph  studying  at  the  pres- 
ent time.  Mr.  McKinnis  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  being  past  noble  grand.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Junior  Order  of  American  Mechanics,  Wash- 
ington Lodge,  No.  i,  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 
Politically  Mr.  McKinnis  is  allied  with  the  Republi- 
cans and  although  not  partisan  he  is  well  posted  and 
labors  for  the  best  interests. 


JEREMIAH  M.  SAVAGE,  who  is  at  the  pres- 
ent time  assistant  superintendent  and  president  of  the 
Northern,  Delta,  Mascot  and  Beaver  Creek  Gold  Min- 

terprising  mining  men  in  Northern  Idaho.  He  is  a 
leader  in  Murray  in  mining;  is  prominent  socially 
and  in  political  circles  and  is  looked  up. to  as  one  of 
the  best  all  around  mining  and  business  men  in  the 
northwest.  Jeremiah  M.  Savage  was  born  in  Grant 
county,  Wisconsin,  on  December  6,  1847,  the  son  of 
James  and  Ellen  (Mars)  Savage,  natives  of  Ireland 
and  England  respectively.  They  both  died  in  1873. 
The  father  was  a  farmer  and  miner  in  his  native 


from  the  public  schools,  gained  good  discipline  with 
his  father  on  the  farm  and  in  the  mines  and  continued 
in  his  parental  home  until  1866.  That  year  marks 
his  advent  into  Montana,  where  he  engaged  with  a 
will  in  prospecting  and  mining,  continuing  the  same  in 
various  sections  of  the  state  until  1884.  In  that  year, 
memorable  to  the  section  of  which  we  are  writing, 
Mr.  Savage  came  on  the  crest  of  the  excitement  over 
the  Thompson  Falls  trail  to  Murray.  He  engaged  for 
a  short  time  in  the  saloon  business,  but  soon  dropped 
that  and  returned  to  his  first  love,  and  so  thoroughly 
has  he  devoted  himself  to  mining  and  mining  inter- 
ests that  he  knows  the  science  from  the  beginning  of 
the  prospector's  work  to  the  producing  mine,  being 
also  expert  in  mineralogy  and  all  the  attendant  mat- 
ters of  science.  He  bought  an  interest  in  the  store 
at  Myrtle  first  and  also  in  the  old  Myrtle  placer 
claims,  which  was  considered  the  richest  in  the  dis- 
trict and  he  is  still  interested  in  the  same  property.  In 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


179 


IQOI  Mr.  Savage  went  to  Montana  and  interested 
C.  S.  Crister  in  the  Beaver  district  prospect.  Mr. 
Crister  went  east  and  formed  the  four  companies  of 
which  our  subject  is  now  president.  The  operations 
of  these  companies  are  more  fully  told  elsewhere  in 
this  volume. 

Mr.  Savage  has  two  brothers,  John  V.,  James  S. 
and  two  sisters,  Ellen  J.  and  Joanna  Dwyer. 

On  February  10,  1887,  at  Missoula,  Montana,  Mr. 
Savage  married  Miss  Sophie  Sanfason,  a  native  of 
Grand  Isle,  Maine.  Three  children  have  been  born  to 
this  union:  Viola  L.,  aged  fourteen,  on  Oct.  14, 
1902;  Azalie  A.,  born  February  20,  1891;  Edward 
H.,  born  March  18,  1900.  Mr.  Savage  is  a  member 
of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  a 
Republican  of  the  most  strict  type  and  takes  a  very 
active  part  in  all  the  campaigns.  Murray  is  greatly 
indebted  to  Mr.  Savage  for  bringing  its  resources  to 
the  knowledge  of  capital  and  he  is  deserving  of  great 
credit  for  his  tireless  labor,  the  skill  and  enterprise 
manifested  and  his  loyalty  to  this  district  and  its 


THOMAS  SHUSTER  is  proprietor  of  the  Delta 
hotel  and  is  a  man  who  has  been  intimately  acquainted 
with  this  country  from  the  earliest  discoveries  till  the 
present  time,  also  having  had  an  active  share  in  the 
good  work  of  discovering  and  working  mines  here. 
He  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  September  14,  1859,  the  son 
of  John  and  Annie  ( Slatner)  Sinister,  natives  of  Austria. 
The  father  came  to  this  country  in  the  early  fifties 
and  settled  in  St.  Croix  county,  Wisconsin,  the  birth- 
place of  our  subject,  and  there  farmed.  He  died  in 
Kent,  Washington,  in  1898.  The  mother  was  married 
in  Germany  and  now  lives  with  her  son,  Joseph,  in 
Republic,  Washington.  The  father  served  in  the  Civil 
war.  When  Thomas  was  nine  the  family  went  to  In- 
dependence, Missouri,  then  to  Ft.  Scott,  Kansas,  and 
he  learned  the  caipenter  trade.  Later  he  took  land 
in  Nebraska,  and  in  1876  crossed  the  plains  to  the 
Willamette  valley,  Oregon.  He  left  there  for  Golden- 
dale,  Washington,  the  next  year  and  in  1880  he  came 
to  Rathdrmn.  He  did  timber  work  and  steamboating 
until  September,  1883,  when  he  came  to  Eagle  City 
over  the  Evolution  trail  with  fifteen  animals  packed 
with  provisions.  He  packed  and  later  mined  in  all  the 
various  sections  of  this  district,  some  times  unsuccess- 
ful and  some  times  with  good  results  in  dust.  On  the 
Black  Hills  placer  he  did  poorly  at  first  and  then  took 
out  one  hundred  dollars  per  day  to  the  man  for  a  time. 
In  1891  he  bought  the  Delta  hotel  and  since  that  time 
he  has  continued  here  with  the  exception  of  one  year 
in  Sumpter,  Oregon,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile pursuits.  October  25,  1902,  was  the  date  he 
came  here  and  since  then  Mr.  Shuster  has  continued  in 
the  operation  of  the  hotel  and  in  mining.  He  has  vari- 
ous valuable  interests  in  both'  quartz  and  placer.  Mr. 
Shuster  has  three  brothers,  Joseph,  John  and  Frank. 

On  September  5,  1888,  Mr.  Shuster  married  Miss 
Winnie  Hutchinson,  at  Myrtle,  Idaho.  She  was  born 
on  December  2,  1866.  Her  parents  crossed  the  plains 


in  early  days  to  Oregon  and  are  now  deceased.  Mrs. 
Shuster  has  one  sister,  Charlotte  Ward.  Mr.  Shuster 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  in  political  mat- 
ters he  is  independent.  He  is  a  notary  public  and  is 
a  man  of  good  business  ability  and  their  hotel  is  a 
favorite  place  for  traveling  people. 


ANDREW  M.  ROBERTS,  a  well  known  and 
capable  business  man  of  Pierce,  and  also  the  worthy 
postmaster  of  that  thriving  place,  was  born  in  Clay 
county,  Kentucky,  on  January  12,  1851,  being  the 
son  of  Washington  and  Melinda  (Gilbert)  Roberts, 
natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father  died  in  Arkansas  in 
1804,  aged  seventy-six.  His  father  came  from  Vir- 
ginia and  settled  in  Kentucky  and  secured  large  es- 
tates, which  are  still  in  the  family,  which  is  one  of 
the  prominent  ones  of  Kentucky,  and  from  which  have 
sprung  some  of  the  leading  professional  men  of  the 
state.  The  mother  of  our  subject  died  in  Kentucky 
on  the  old  homestead  in  1878,  aged  fifty-two.  The 
Gilberts  originally  came  from  Virginia  and  are  a  very 
prominent  family  in  professional  lines  and  as  property 
owners.  John  Gilbert  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Roberts,  was 
a  noted  Baptist  preacher  and  died  at  the  good  old  age 
of  one  hundred  and  ten.  Our  subject  was  reared  and 
educated  in  Clav  county  and  then  went  into  the  lumber 
and  logging  business  for  himself  at  twenty,  continuing 
111  these  lines  for  five  years.  He  had  a  farm  of  eighty 
acres  and  in  the  spring  of  1879  ne  so^  this  and  went 
to  Lane  county,  Oregon,  where  he  rented  land  for 
four  years.  In  1883  he  came  to  the  John  Day  country 
and  located,  buying  a  half  section  of  land.  As  a  mer- 
chant, farmer  and  blacksmith,  Mr.  Roberts  occupied 
thirteen  years  there  and  then  sold  out  and  journeyed 
to  Dayton,  .Washington,  where  he  conducted  a  meat 
market  for  one  year,  after  which  he  repaired  to  Asotin 
and  operated  a  general  merchandise  establishment  for 
two  years.  In  1897  he  came  to  Pierce  and  opened  a. 
store  and  was  soon  appointed  postmaster,  which  office 
he  has  filled  since.  He  has  a  good  store  and  business 
building  in  Fraser,  which  is  conducted  by  his  son-in- 
law  and  partner,  Eugene  S.  Friend.  In"  Pierce  Mr. 
Roberts  has  a  large  stock  and  owns  the  buildings  and 
lots  where  he  does  business  and  also  he  owns  residence 
and  other  business  property  in  the  town.  He  is  agent  for 
a  ditch  worth  several  thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Roberts 
has  two  brothers  and  three  sisters,  Swinfield,  in  Ken- 
tucky, who  served  three  years  in  the  Union  army  in 
Company  E,  Twenty-fourth  Kentucky;  John  F.., 
farmer  in  Clay  county ;  Nancy,  widow  of  John  David- 
son, in  Newton  county,  Arkansas;  Catherine,  wife  of 
Eli  Eastep,  also  in  Newton  county;  Emily,  wife  of 
John  Burns,  also  in  Newton  county. 

On  April  14.  1870,  in  Kentucky,  Mr.  Roberts  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  John  and  Margaret 
(Lochart)  Roberts,  but  not  related  to  our  subject. 
Mrs.  Roberts'  parents  were  natives  of  Kentucky.  She 
was  born  May  17,  1855,  was  educated  in  the  district 
schools  and  has  four  brothers  and  one  sister,  William, 
Pharris,  Thomas,  Felix,  America  Gay,  all  in  Kentucky. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


.  Nine  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roberts  : 
Emily,  wife  of  Eugene  Friend ;  Orlena,  wife  of  Ed- 
ward Turner,  farmer  near  Eraser;  Margaret,  wife  of 
William  Davis,  wholesale  tobacconist  in  Lewiston; 
Daniel,  clerk  in  the  Beehive  in  Lewiston;  Laura, 
George,  Baty,  Nellie,  Felix,  all  at  home. 


'  HENRY  T.  GILBERT.  The  firm  of  Gilbert  & 
VVadsworth,  general  merchants  of  Kellogg,  is  one  of 
the  leading  business  houses  of  the  town  and  is  an  up- 
to-date  establishment  conducted  on  sound  business 
principles.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  postmaster 
of  the  town  in  addition  to  conducting  the  mercantile 
business  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the  sec- 


Henry  T.  Gilbert  was  born  in  Brainerd,  Minne- 
sota, on  May  30,  1871.  His  parents  are  mentioned 
elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
Minnesota,  Bismarck,  North  Dakota,  and  in  the  west. 
He  was  educated  in  these  places,  finishing  with  a 
course  in  the  Spokane  business  college.  He  spent 
sometime  in  ranching,  mining,  prospecting,  and  so 
forth,  being  associated  with  his  father  in  much  of 
this  and  most  of  the  time.  In  1895  Mr.  Gilbert 
opened  a  store  in  Kellogg  and  has  by  care  and  skill 
gained  a  gratifying  patronage.  In  1901  he  sold  a  half 
interest  to  William  B.  Wadsworth  and  since  that  time 
the  firm  has  conducted  the  business.  1898  was  the 
year  Mr.  Gilbert  was  appointed  postmaster.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  business,  Mr.  Gilbert  has  some  heavy- 
mining  interests,  one  with  his  father  and  another 
with  two  partners  which  is  bonded  for  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  a  sale  close  at  hand. 
He  also  has  several  other  mining  properties  and  is  one 
of  the  careful  and  skillful  operators  of  the  district.  Mr. 
Gilbert  has  also  been  in  business  with  his  brother-in- 
law,  Mr.  Sinclair,  who  is  mentioned  in  this  york.  . 

On  February  3,  1893,  Mr.  Gilbert  married  Miss 
Adelaide,  daughter,  of  Burton  and  Abbie  Wadsworth. 
The  father  is  deceased  and  the  mother  lives  in  Mar- 
shall, Missouri.  Mrs.  Gilbert  has  one  brother, 
William  B.,  partner  of  our  subject,  and  one  sister, 
Mrs.  Geneva  Allen,  in  Marshall,  Missouri.  Mrs. 
Gilbert  is  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  Mr. 
Gilbert  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  has  frequently 
been  delegate  to  the  county  convention  and  is  one  of 
the  central  committeemen.  ' 


JOHN  PELKES,  who  is  the  present  owner  and 
operator  of  the  Milo  saloon  in  Kellogg,  is  a  heavy 
property  owner  in  various  sections  of  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country,  both  in  real  estate  improved  and 
mining  property.  He  was  born  in  Luxemburg,  Ger- 
many, which  was  the  native  place  of  his  parents  also, 
the  date  being  January  27,  1852.  He  was  educated 
in  his  native  land  and  also  became  master  of  the 
brewer's  art.  It  was  in  1878  when  Mr.  Pelkes  came 
to  the  United  States  and  his  first  location  was  in  Min- 


nesota. Then  came  a  journey  to  Washington  and  for 
three  years  our  subject  followed  his  business  in  Col- 
fax.  Then  he  started  a  brewery  in  Palouse  in  1884 
but  sold  the  same  two  years  later.  At  that  time  Mr. 
Pelkes  came  to  Wardner  and  opened  another  brewery, 
which  he  recently  sold  and  now  gives  his  whole  at- 
tention to  the  conduct  of  his  present  place  of  busi- 
ness. This  was  started  two  years  since  with  a  partner, 
whom  Mr.  Pelkes  bought  out  recently.  Mr.  Pelkes 
owns  a  commodious  and  up-to-date  cottage  in  Kellogg, 
which  is  the  family  home.  He  has  no  near  rela- 
tives in  this  country.  The  marriage  of  Mr.  Pelkes 
and  Amelia  Goetz  was  celebrated  in  Coeur  d'Alene  on 
February  13,  1890.  Mrs.  Pelkes  has  one  daughter  by 
a  former  marriage,  now  the  wife  of  Dr.  Ide,  a  dentist 
in  Wardner.  Mr.  Pelkes  is  a  Democrat  and  has  at- 
tended the  state  convention  and  has  sent  his  proxy  to 
the  county  convention  several  times.  Mr.  Pelkes  is 
past  noble  grand  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  Wardner  Lodge 
No.  29.  He  is  trustee  of  the  Big  Creek  Mining  Com- 
pany and. is  also  interested  in  Saltese,  Gold  Run,  Mur- 
ray and  many  other  localities.  He  has  between 
twenty-five  and  thirty  different  propositions  which  he 
is  carrying  and  his  mining  interests  are  among  some 
of  the  best  undeveloped  properties  of  the  district.  Mr. 
Pelkes  owns  two  dwellings  in  Wardner,  a  hotel  build- 
ing in  Wallace,  a  residence  also  in  Wallace  and  sev- 
eral other  properties  besides  some  real  estate  in  Kel- 
logg. 


AARON  S.  WARREN.  This  well  known  and 
stirring  business  man  is  now  one  of  the  leaders  in 
Pierce,  being  proprietor  of  the  City  Hotel  and  also 
owner  of  a  fine  stock  ranch,  well  equipped  and  sup- 
porting some  fine  cattle,  horses,  poultry,  hogs,  and  so 
forth,  while  also  he  owns  some  of  the  finest  quartz 
claims  in  this  mining  district.  Among  these  may  be 
mentioned  the  G.  A.  R.,  Veteran  No.  9,  which  is  sup- 
plied with  a  twelve  foot  arrastre,  and  has  rock  running 
over  two  hundred  dollars  per  ton.  Then  he  owns  the 
Potlach  group,  which  has  just  produced  an  ore  chute 
that  has  phenomenal  values  both  in  silver  and  gold. 
Mr.  Warren's  hotel  has  a  fine  patronage,  is  well 
equipped  and  popular. 

Aaron  S.  Warren  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  Massa- 
chusetts, on  July  16,  1846,  being  the  son  of  William 
H.  and  Betsey  E.  (Cousins)  Warren,  natives  of  Mas- 
sachusetts as  also  their  ancestors  were  since  the  land- 
ing of  the  Mayflower.  The  father  operated  an  ex- 
press and  dray  line  and  handled  a  dairy  farm  and  ho- 
tel. He  died  "in  1896,  aged  seventy-two.  The  mother 
died  in  1894,  aged  sixty-seven.  Her  parents  had 
nine  children  and  lived  and  died  in  Massachusetts. 
Our  subject  was  raised  in  Hopkinton,  a  suburb  of 
Boston,  and  when  sixteen  he  hurried  to  the  front, 
enlisting  in  the  Twenty-second  Infantry,  Company  A, 
of  his  state.  His  captain  was  Walter  A.  Sampson 
and  his  colonel,  Henry  Wilson,  afterward  vice  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Warren  served 
through  the  entire  war  and  was  in  fourteen  general 
engagements  besides  many  skirmishes.  He  was  ser- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


geant  and  at  the  battle  of  Gainsville  he  was  captured 
and  languished  five  months  in  Andersonville.  His 
regiment  was  rank  twelve  in  the  death  rate  of  the 
war,  but  he  was  only  slightly  wounded  in  the  entire 
service,  and  he  has  never  applied  for  a  pension.  Suc- 
ceeding the  war,  Mr.  Warren  crossed  the  plains  from 
Minnesota  to  Helena,  Montana,  with  a  train  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  wagons.  This  was  in  1866  and 
he  operated  in  the  mines  and  did  a  butchering  busi- 
ness there  for  five  years,  doing  well.  He  was  in  Con- 
federate gulch  most  of  the  time.  After  that  Mr. 
Warren  travelled  through  California,  Arizona, 
Nevada,  Old  Mexico  and  many  other  places,  mining 
and  doing  contract  work.  He  had  a  beef  contract  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  when  it  was  constructing  and  did 
well  for  two  years,  then  went  to  Virginia  City,  Ne- 
vada, and  there  opened  a  large  meat  market  with  his 
two  brothers  and  they  did  an  extensive  business  for 
three  years.  After  that  Mr.  Warren  went  to -Idaho 
and  had  a  large  beef  contract  with  two  partners.  At 
the  time  of  the  Clearwater 'extension  of  the  Northern 
Pacific,  he  did  business  in  the  same  line  and  when  the 
town  of  Kendrick  was  started  he  was  one  of  the  pro- 
moters and  one  of  the  first  to  start  business  there. 
He  operated  a  meat  market  there  until  1895  and  the 
following  spring  he  came  to  Pierce  and  opened  his 
present  business  and  since  that  time  he  has  done  a 
thriving  trade  here.  Mr.  Warren  was  elected  re- 
corder for  this  mining  district  the  first  year  here  and 
has  been  school  trustee  and  director  since.  He  was 
the  second  mayor  of  Kendrick.  Mr.  Warren  has  two 
brothers  and  three  sisters,  George  W.,  in  Boston,  who 
was  in  the  revenue  department  for  twenty- four  years ; 
James  H.,  a  mining  man  at  Butte,  Montana;  Lucy, 
wife  of  Fred  McQuesten,  a  millionaire  lumber  dealer 
and  shipbuilder  in  Boston;  Eliza  J.,  widow  of  Lib- 
beus  Chilson,  in  Boston;  Clara  H.,  wife  of  Willard  F. 
Mason,  a  prominent  lawyer  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Mr. 
Warren  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Sherman  Post, 
No.  20,  at  Kendrick,  Idaho,  and  was  vice  commander 
•  when  he  left  that  place. 

In  San  Francisco,  in  1873,  Mr.  Warren  married 
Miss  Mary  Jones,  a  native  of  Utica,  New  York,  and 
she  died  in  Virginia  City,  in  1878,  aged  twenty-nine. 
At  Kendrick,  Idaho,  on  April  22,  1894,  Mr.  Warren 
celebrated  his  second  marriage.  The  lady  becoming 
his  wife  on  this  occasion  was  Mary  Hutchison, 
daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  (Kirk)  Hutchi- 
son. The  father  was  born  in  Prince  Edward  Island 
and  died  in  1895,  aged  sixty-three.  His  ancestors 
were  of  English  extraction  and  four  generations  of 
them  were  born  on  the  same  farm  where  he  was. 
Mrs.  Warren's  mother  was  born  in  the  West  Indies, 
being  of  Scotch  descent.  Mrs.  Warren  was  born  in 
Prince  Edward  Island  on  December  4,  1868,  and  lived 
there  until  fourteen,  gaining  in  this  time  a  good  edu- 
cation from  the  public  schools.  Then  she  went  to 
Boston  and  learned  dressmaking  and  tailoring,  which 
she  followed  there  until  1892,  when  she  came  to  Ken- 
drick and  opened  a  shop.  She  did  a  good  business 
until  she  was  married.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Warren  have 
three  children.  Bessie  L.,  George  W.  and  Harry  H. 


Mrs.  Warren  has  four  sisters,  Flora,  wife  of  John  B. 
Richardson,  a  miner  and  blacksmith  in  Pierce;  Kate, 
single  and  living  in  Boston ;  Jennie  E.,  wife  of  Alvin 
Arnold,  a  mining  man  of  Lewiston;  Isabel,  wife  of 
John  Riley,  a  Presbyterian  preacher  in  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia.  Mrs.  Warren  has  one  brother,  Robert,  with 
his  parents  in  Prince  Edward  Island.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Warren  are  among  the  leading  people  of  Pierce  and 
enjoy  the  companionship  of  many  sincere  friends  and 
have  made  for  themselves  a  good  name  and  have 
carved  a  good  fortune  for  their  comfort. 


DANIEL  E.  HARBIN,  who  dwells  at  Delta  is  one 
of  the  well  known  and  successful  mining  men  of  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  has  manifested  commenda- 
ble energy  and  enterprise  in  the  work  of  developing  and 
bringing  to  the  front  the  vast  mineral  resources  of 
these  districts.  He  was  born  in  Missouri,  on  Sep- 
ber  5,  1862,  the  son  of  John  T.  and  Elizabeth  (Bailey) 
Harbin.  The  father  was  born  in  Virginia  and  came 
from  one  of  the.  old  and  prominent  families  of  that 
state.  He  died  in  1900,  aged  seventy-four.  The 
mother  was  born  in  Ohio  and  lives  in  California.  Our 
subject  was  well  trained  in  the  educational  institutions 
of  the  Willamette  Valley,  whither  his  parents  removed 
across  the  plains  when  he  was  young.  He  graduated 
from  the  Santiam  Academy  and  also  had  other  excel- 
lent advantages  which  were  well  improved.  Follow- 
ing this  he  was  engaged  in  saw  milling  for  three  years 
and  then  came  to  Asotin  county,  Washington,  where 
he  followed  that  industry  for  five  years.  Then  Mr. 
Harbin  went  to  prospecting  and  from  Gray's  harbor 
to  southern  Idaho  he  followed  that  vocation,  and  in  1892 
he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  Later  he  ran 
an  engine  for  a  year  in  Murray  and  then  bought  a  road 
house  where  he  still  lives.  Mr.  Harbin  has  constant- 
ly been  interested  in .  mines  and  is  now  owner  of  a  • 
group  that  is  bonded  to  C.  S.  Cryster.  He  is  also  in- 
terested in  the  Bessie,  Lucky  Man,  Buckeye,  Beaver 
Creek,  all  in  the  Beaver  district  and  has  a  one-third 
interest  in  the  Summit  claims  adjoining  Senator 
Clark's  mine.  Mr.  Harbin  has  the  following  brothers 
and  sisters,  Joseph  T.,  James,  George,  Jeremy,  Lenora 
T.  Donaca,  Esther,  Ellen  Floch,  Mary  Floch,  Bertha 
Shields,  Maud  Jay,  Alice  Ausman. 

On  April  15,  1896,  Mr.  Harbin  married  Mrs.  Jen- 
nie Mitchell,  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth"  In- 
graham.  Mrs.  Harbin  has  two  children  by  her  first 
husband,  Bessie,  aged  sixteen ;  Hazel,  aged  fourteen. 
Air.  Harbin  is  a' member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  cen- 
tral committeeman  on  the  Democratic  side  of  the  house. 
He  is  a  man  of  worth  and  integrity  and  is  one  of  the 
leaders  in  pushing  this  country  to  a  good  develop- 


THOMAS  GILBERT.  The  more  than  three- 
score years  which  have  passed  over  the  head  of  this 
substantial  farmer  and  mining  man  of  Kellogg-  have 
left  little  trace  and  he  is  as  hale  and  hearty  as  in  the 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


days  of-  yore,  while  the  accumulated  wealth  of  experi- 
ence gained  in  an  active  life  of  various  occupations 
pecially  on  the  frontier,  render  him  one  of  the  saga- 
cious and  skilled  operators  in  this  section. 

Thomas  Gilbert  was  born  in  far  away  Rhode  Island, 
on  April  30,  1840,  being  the  son  of  Updyke  and  Dorcas 
( Jakeways)  Gilbert,  both  natives  of  New  England  and 
descended  from  old  New  England  families.  The  ma- 
ternal grandfather  of  our  subject  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  1812.  Thomas  was  reared  in  the  native  place 
until  twelve  and  then  came  a  period  of  seven  years  of 
seafaring  life  in  which  he  had  many  thrilling  and  hard 
experiences.  In  1859,  he  came  to  the  Golden  State  and 
prospected  and  mined  in  various  places  for  many  years, 
then  went  to  Arizona,  Montana,  Wyoming  and  finally 
back  to  Iowa  where  he  farmed  and  also  tilled  the  soil 
in  Minnesota.  Later  we  see  Mr.  Gilbert  in  the  grocery 
and  meat  business  in  Spokane  after  which  he  came  to 
Kellogg  and  settled  on  an  unsurveyed  eighty  which  he 
later  homesteaded  and  which  is  now  the  family  home. 
He  has  it  well  improved,  handles  general  produce  and 
raises  some  stock.  Mr.  Gilbert  has  also  given  consider- 
able attention  to  mining  and  has  a  fine  group  with  his 
associates  on  Pine  creek  which  show  valuable  ore.  Mr. 
Gilbert  has  no  near  relatives  living. 

In  June,  1868,  Mr.  Gilbert  married  MisS  Christena, 
daughter  of  James  and  Jennie  Falconer,  natives  of 
Canada,  and  now  deceased.  Mrs.  Gilbert  has  the  fol-' 
lowing  brothers  and  sisters,  William,  Samuel,  Henry, 
John,  Norman,  Daniel,  James  A.,  Mrs.  Jane  Cameron, 
Mrs.  Martha  White,  Mrs.  Eliza  McNider,  Mrs.  Mary 
McLean,  Mrs.  Margaret  McDonald,  Mrs.  Annie  Mc- 
Clellan.  Eight  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Gilbert,  Ida  J.,  wife  of  M.  J.  Sinclair;  Henry  T., 
in  Kellogg,  being  postmaster  and  member  of  the  firm 
of  Gilbert  &  Wadsworth ;  Mrs.  Nellie  M.  Pettitt,  in 
Kellogg;  Mrs.  Lulu  Colburn,  in  Spokane;  Mrs.  Liz- 
zie Turner,  whose  husband  is  secretary  of  the  Kendrick 
Mercantile  Company  of  Northport,  Washington ;  Mrs. 
Mary  Rogers.  Spokane;  Mrs.  Jennie  Colvert,  in  San 
Francisco;  Walter  E.,  school  boy  at  home.  Mr.  Gil- 
bert is  a  member  of  the  Junior  Order  of  A.  M.,  No.  I, 
Washington,  and  of  the  Orangemen,  Lincoln,  No.  403. 


GEORGE  F.  BALL.  The  self  denial,  arduous 
labor,  and  hardships  undergone  by  one  who  presses  into 
the  wild  country  to  make  a  home  are  never  understood 
except  by  those  who  attempt  it.  One  of  the  worthy 
ones  who  have  made  a  first  class  success  in  this  pioneer 
labor  is  named  at  the  head  of  this  article  and  we  are 
pleased  to  grant  him  consideration  in  his  county's  his- 
tory. 

George  F.  Ball  was  born  in  Syracuse,  New  York, 
on  March  12,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Francis  D.  and 
Sophia  (Ruby)  Ball,  natives  of  France.  The  father 
was  born  November  21,  1832,  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1851  and  now  lives  near  our  subject.  The 
mother  was  born  April  16,  1830,  was  married  in  Syra- 
cuse, and  died  on  September  21,  1884,  in  Buffalo,  Ne- 
braska. George  was  reared  in  Syracuse  and  was  edu- 


cated there  in  the  graded  and  private  schools  until  he 
was  fourteen  years  of  age.  Then  the  family  came  to 
Lincoln  county,  Missouri,  and  the  father  bought  land 
and  farmed.  Later  they  came  to  Nebraska,  the  father 
continuing  farming  and  our  subject  taking  a  position 
with  a  large  cattle  company.  In  1889,  he  came  to  the 
vicinity  of  Palouse  and  the  parents  took  a  homestead. 
In  1895  George  came  to  his  present  location,  a  mile 
and  a  half  north  from  Greer.  He  came  in  the  dead  of 
winter,  shoveled  deep  snow  from  the  site  of  his  cabin 
and  erected  it  in  that  trying  season.  In  the  spring  he 
walked  back  to  Palouse  to  help  his  brother  bring  in 
the  balance  of  their  stuff.  He  walked  fifty-four  miles 
in  one  day  in  going  out.  The  brother  came  and  took 
land  adjoining  that  of  our  subject  and  the  father  came 
and  took  a  forty  near  by.  the  father  raises  beans 
principally,  harvesting  about  seventy-five  bushels  this 
year.  Our  subject  has  sixty-five  acres  fenced  and  cul- 
tivated and  the  balance  of  his  land  is  timber.  He 
raises  the  cereals  and  flax,  also  has  some  fine  blooded 
horses,  good  hogs  and  is  prospered  in  his  labors. 

Mr.  Ball  has  one  brother,  Edward  L.,  and  a  half 
brother,  Frank  W.,  and  three  sisters,  Frances,  wife  of 
Louis  Swan,  a  merchant  tailor  in  Syracuse;  Jennie, 
wife  of  William  Bramer,  in  Lincoln  county,  Missouri ; 
Emma,  wife  of  William  Reed,  in  Latah  county.  Mr. 
Ball  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.,  Fraser  Camp,  No. 
10360.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church. 
He  has  not  yet  entered  the  happy  state  of  matrimony, 
but  is  contented  with  the  quiet  of  his  life  of  celibacy. 
Politically  Mr.  Ball  is  allied  with  the  Democrats,  but 
he  is  not  active  in  this  realm.  In  addition  to  the  other 
improvements  of  good  buildings,  fences,  and  so  forth, 
Mr.  Ball  has  a  couple  of  fine  orchards  and  contemplates 
in  the  near  future  putting  out  many  more  apple  trees. 
Fruit  of  all  kinds  does  fine  on  his  land  and  in  this  sec- 


DONALD  A.  FINLAYSON  is  a  mining  man  and 
lillwright  in  Murray  who  has  won  a  good  standing 
ause  of  his  faithfulness  and  his  ability  in  the  lines 
which  engage  him  at  present.    He  was  born  in  Prince 
Edward  Island,  Canada,  on  May  10,  1861,  the  son  of 
Angus  and  Jessie  (Micholson)  Finlayson.    The  father 
was  born  in  Scotland  and  came  to  Canada  with  his 
parents  and  learned  the  carpenter  trade,  which  he  has 
lways  followed.     He  is  now  aged  seventy-four.  The 
other  was  born  in  Prince  Edward  Island  and  died  in 
1868.     Our  subject  remained  in  his  native  place  until 
wenty,  receiving  'a  good  education  and  on  his  birth- 
ay he  went  to  Boston  on  business.     He  worked  at 
arious  employments  and  then  went  to  Baltimore  and 
built  bridges  on  the  B.  &  O.     After  this  he  mined  in 
Montana,  reaching  there  in  November,  1884.     In  Au- 
gust, 1891,  he  came  to  Wallace  and  worked  at  his  trade 
of  millwright  which  he  had  followed  in  Montana,     In 
896,  Mr.   Finlayson   settled  in   Murray  and  now  he 
ves  at  Littlefield.     He  is  following  his  trade  in  vari- 
.is  portions  of  the  district  and  is  also  heavily  interested 
i  the  mines  of  this  section.     He  owns  in  Lucky  Boy, 
Powhattan  and  others,  and  one  of  the  claims  shows  two 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


1183 


feet  and  six  inches  of  solid  galena  on  the  surface.  Mr. 
Finlayson  has  three  brothers,  John,  Samuel,  J.  Quincy, 
and  three  half-brothers,  Danie'l,  James  R.,  Angus. 

On  July  15,  1898,  Mr.  Finlayson  married  Miss  Jen- 
nie L.,  daughter  of  Louis  K.  and  Lin  (Sayre)  Johnson. 
Mrs.  Finlayson  was  born  in  Rockford,  Illinois,  in  1870. 
One  child,"  Lenora,  aged  three,  has  been  born  to  this 
union.  Mr.  Finlayson  is  a  member' of  the  A.  F.  &  A. 
M.,  and  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  is  independent  in  po- 
litical matters  and  is  a  man  of  sound  principles. 


DANIEL  W.  PRICE.  -Among  the  genial  and 
]K>pular  business  men  of  Kellogg,  there  certainly 
should  be  especial  mention  of  the  deserving  and  ca- 
pable gentleman  whose  name  initiates  this  paragraph, 
who  is  manager  and  partner  in  the  Price  Furnishing 
Company,  a  new  and  prosperous  concern,  which  this 
company  recently  purchased  from  Goddard  of  Ward- 
ner.  The  house  has  been  established  for  some  time 
but  this  present  management  has  recently  taken  charge. 
Mr.  Price  was  with  Mr.  Goddard  for  a  number  of 
years  previous  to  this  venture  and  was  well  and  favor- 
ably known  and  he  is  manifesting  those  qualities  in  the 
management  of  this  business  which  betoken  a.  bright 
success. 

Daniel  W.  Price  was  born  in  Waukesha,  Wisconsin, 
on  April  7,  1872.  being  the  son  of  Rees  and  Ann  (Rich- 
ards) Price.  The  father  was  born  in  England  of 
Scotch  ancestry  and  is  now  in  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness in  Forest  Grove,  Oregon.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Wales  and  came  to  the  United  States  when  six 
years  of  age.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  Waukesha 
until  sixteen  and  then  went  to  Racine  and  learned  the 
carriage  trimming  art,  working  for  the  Racine  Wagon 
Company.  Thence  he  came  to  Wardner,  worked  a  time 
in  the  mines,  spent  some  time  in  prospecting  and  in 
May,  1899,  he  entered  the  establishment  of  W.  F.  God- 
dard. He  continued  with  Mr.  Goddard  until  Novem- 
ber 16,  1902,  when  he  purchased  the  present  establish- 
ment and  entered  into  business  for  himself.  Previous 
to  this,  he  had  owned  an  interest  in  a  cigar  store  which 
his  brother  operated,  but  which  they  recently  sold.  He 
has  one  more  brother,  Tohn,  a  farmer  in  Wisconsin. 
Mr.  Price  is  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  and  in  po- 
litical matters  is  allied  with  the  Republicans,  but  is  not 
partisan.  The  firm  carry,  a  stock  of  five  thousand  dol- 
lars worth  of  well  selected  goods  and  are  doing  a  fine 
business,  which  their  care  for  the  interest  of  their 
customers,  their  uprightness  and  their  skill  justly  merit. 


JOHN  THYNE  is  well  known  as  one  of  the  leading 

now  superintendent  of  the  Golden  Chest.  He  was  born 
in  Massachusetts.  February  2,  1854,  the  son  of  Ralph 
and  Martha  (Lyons)  Thyne,  natives  of  Massachusetts. 
The  father  died  in  1888  and  the  mother  in  1893.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  his  native  place  and 'when 
twenty-one  came  to  Colorado.  He  worked  in  the  mines 


in  various  parts  of  the  state  for  a  decade  and  held  vari- 
ous responsible  positions  in  these  years.  In  July,  the 
first  day,  1891,  Mr.  Thyne  landed  in  Wardner  and 
began  work  m  the  Bunker  Hill.  Later  he  was  in  the 
Tyler,  the  Stemwinder  and  in  various  others  until  he 
landed  in  Murray.  Then  he  went  to  the  Morning  mine, 
was  afterward  in  the  Gem,  and  in  March,  1894,  he 
came  again  to  Murray.  For  two  years  Mr.  Thyne  was 
in  the  Daddy,  then  foreman  in  the  Chest  for  three  years 
and  was  finally  appointed  to  his  present  position.  He 
is  a  thorough  mining  man  and  stands  high  in  the  es- 
teem and  confidence  of  the  people.  Mr.  Thyne  has  one 
sister,  Lizzie  Topliff. 

In  Sacramento,  California,  December  21,  1887,  Mr. 
Thyne  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  James  and 
Mary  Bath,  natives  of  England,  where  also  Mrs.  Thyne 
was  born  on  May  25,  1858.  The  parents  came  to  the 
United  States  when  this  daughter  was  young  and  the 
father  followed  mining.  He  died  in  Everett,  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1898  and  the  mother  died  when  Mrs.  Thyne 
was  twelve.  Mrs.  Thyne  has  two  brothers,  William, 
and  John,  and  one  sister,  Lizzie  Glover.  John  Bath  has 
invented  the  Bath  Grinder  which  has  given  him  both 
fame  and  fortune.  Four  children  have  been  born  to 
our  subject  and  his  estimable  wife,  Edward  B.,  aged 
fourteen  ;  Florence,  aged  ten  ;  Violet,  aged  six  ;  James, 
aged  four.  Mr.  Thyne  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.  and 
is  a  solid  Republican.  He  is  a  musician  and  handles 
the  violin  in  the  home  orchestra  and  on  account  of  his 
affability,  kind  ways  and  integrity  he  has  won  many 
friends. 


CHARLES  W.  VANCE.  While  the  noble  -men 
and  women  who  made  the  colonies  came  for  conscience 
sake  to  found  a  free  state,  still  they  carried  the  school 
book  with  the  Bible,  and  contemporaneous  with  the 
house  of  worship  appeared  the  place  of  study.  Self 

To  take  up  the  arduous  labor  of  properly  training  the 
youth  and  the  days  of  Yale  are  well  known  when  the 
student  took  his  peck  of  corn  to  pay  his  tuition.  Nor 
has  it  ended  there.  Many  scholars,  who  instruct  in 
the  wealthier  universities  receive  fitting  remuneration, 
but  the  rank  and  file  of  the  Am 
trained  in  that  home  of  o 


e       mercan   people       e 

n  free  institutions,  the  com- 

mon school;  and  here  we  need  now 
days,  the  same  self  sacrifice,  patie 


days,  the  same  self  sacrifice,  patience,  and  devotion  to 
the  cause,  and  happily  we  can  say,  it  is  still  supplied  by 
as  noble  descendants  as  were  the  grand  pioneers  who 
were  tossed  by  the  stormy  deep  and  beset  by  cruel 
savages  in  their  attempts  to  plant  the  seeds  of  freedom. 
Any  community  is  measured  by  its  schools  and  the 
schools  are  a  success  in  proportion  to  the  devotion, 
self  sacrifice,  and  erudition  of  the  teachers.  Measur- 
ing by  this  standard,  and  it  is  the  true  one,  although 
searching,  we  are  forced  to  conclude  that  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  appears  at  the  head  of  this  humble 
article  is  one  of  America's  noblemen,  for  he  has  so 
given  his  life  in  this  grand  calling,  that  real  and  true 
success  of  the  most  exemplary  kind,  has  crowned  his 
efforts  and  his  fortunate  pupils  have  reaped  a  rich 


n84 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


legacy  from  the  noble  inspiration  of  a  true  man  and 
typical  instructor.  And  strange  it  is  that  this  labor,  so 
trying,  so  wearing,  and  sometimes  so  little  appreciated 
at  the  time,  is  by  a  generally  generous  public,  so  in- 
adequately remunerated.  Such  is  one  of  our  living 
enigmas — who  will  solve  it  ? 

Professor  Vance  was  born  for  a  teacher;  the 
thought  possessed  him  as  a  boy,  it  grew  as  he  grew, 
he  studied  for  that  end,  and  although  he  turned  aside 
to  read  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  before  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state  of  Nebraska,  still  his  first 
love  reclaimed  him  and  quickly  sacrificed  to  the  con- 
suming fire  of  the  real  teacher  all  the  lore  of  legal 
books,  and  he  was  but  a  better  and  broader  minded 
man  than  before  he  slighted  his  real  muse.  His  train- 
ing has  been  ample  and  excellent.  He  passed  quickly 
through  the  graded  and  high  schools  of  Hillsboro, 
Ohio,  then  studied  at  the  famous  Valparaiso  Normal 
of  Indiana  and  finally  completed  his  days  of  abstract 
study  in  the  Ohio  University.  While  he  had  taught 
before  this,  and  where  is  the  true  teacher  that  does  not 
teach  from  youth  up,  he  now  commenced  in  earnest 
his  life  work  and  for  six  years  held  the  principalship 
of  the  Schuyler  schools,  in  Nebraska.  Thence  he  came 
to  Silver  City,  Idaho,  and  then  to  Wallace.  In  that 
city,  Professor  Vance  was  principal  of  the  city  schools 
for  nine  years  and  the  excellent  work  done  can  hardly 
be  over  estimated.  In  1900  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Republicans  for  county  superintendent  of  schools  and 
although  he  ran  six  hundred  ahead  of  this  ticket,  fate 
decreed  that  he  should  still  remain  at  the  desk  and 
gave  the  office  to  his  opponent  by  nine  votes.  Then 
he  came  to  Wardner  and  is  now  the  superintendent  of 
the  city  schools,  where  he  is  doing  his  characteristic 
work  of  faithful,  conscientious,  and  wise  instruction. 

On  August  27,  1889,  at  Columbus,  Nebraska,  Pro- 
fessor Vance  married  Miss  Adelaide  M.,  daughter  of 
Sebra  G.  and  Jane  F.  Inlay,  who  reside  in  Glenwood, 
Iowa,  the  father  being  a  retired  mechanic.  Mrs.  Vance 
has  one  brother  and  three  sisters.  Lament,  Mrs. 'Alicia 
Stevenson,  Mrs.  Olive  Spicer,  Mrs.  Clara  Hooper. 
Mr.  Vance  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Olive  Lamar.  To  our 
subject  and  his  estimable  wife  there  have  been  born 
two  children,  Dorothy,  who  died  March  n,  1900,  aged 
eleven  months  and  twenty-six  days;  Harold  C,  aged 
two  and  one  half  years.  Professor  Vance  is  affiliated 
with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M  ,  the  Elks,  the  K.  of  P.  Mrs. 
Vance  is  a  graduate  of  the  Valparaiso  Normal  and 
taught  five  years  in  Fremont,  six  years  in  Schuyler, 
Nebraska  and  five  years  at  Wallace,  Idaho.  In  1898 
she  was  chosen  as  county  superintendent  of  schools  of 
Shoshone  county,  the  first  lady  holding  the  office.  She 
did  efficient  work  and  holds  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  a  discriminating  constituency.  Professor  Vance  has 
been  president  of  the  County  Teachers'  Association, 
also  that  of  the  Joint  Teachers'  Association  of  Sho- 
i-hone  and  Kootenai  counties  combined  and  of  the  State 
Teachers'  Association  as  well. 

Charles  W.  Vance  was  born  in  Newmarket,  Ohio, 
on  August  12,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Isaac  W.  and 
Elizabeth  ( Lemon)  Vance,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  contractor 


and  builder  and  is  deceased.  The  mother  liv 
Ohio,  still  occupying  the  house  where  our  subjec 
born. 


GEORGE  W.  COLEMAN.  The  energy  and 
adaptability  manifested  by  Mr.  Coleman,  as  will  be 
noted  in  outlining  his  career  in  this  article,  are  the  key 
to  his  success,  which  has  been  bright  and  gratifying. 
He  is  a  man  of  uprightness  and  of  good  standing  and 
is  a  well  known  pioneer. 

George  W.  Coleman  was  born  in  Bedford,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  September  23,  1858,  being  the  son  of 
George  and  Elizabeth  Coleman,  deceased.  The  father 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  the  mother  in  Germany. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  tlie 
district  schools.  When  sixteen,  he  went  to  the  Black 
Hills,  Dakota,  prospected  and  worked  in  the  famous 
Homestake.  In  1880  he  went  to  Miles  City,  Montana, 
thence  to  Livingstone  and  engaged  in  the  wood  busi- 
ness. Hearing  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  excitement,  he 
left  his  wood,  and  also  a  five  hundred  dollar  team  in 
Butte,  which  he  has  never  heard  from  since,  and  came 
as  far  as  the  train  came  toward  Eagle  and  then  plodded 
through  twelve  feet  of  snow  the  balance  of  the  jour- 
ney. He  at  once  went  to  freighting  for  Phil.  Web- 
ber, hauling  the  freight  on  a  hand  sled.  He  received 
thirty  cents  per  pound  and  made  fifteen  dollars  per 
day.  His  cargo  was  liquor  and  when  weary,  Mr.  Cole- 
man did  not  always  stir  his  blood  with  cold  snow  water 
on  the  journey.  Eagle  was  a  bunch  of  tents,  with  one 
log  eating  house,  kept  by  Mat  Brown,  the  first  colored 
man  in  this  district  and  now  in  Wardner.  Mr.  Cole- 
man freighted  this  way  six  weeks,  then  went  with  the 
stampede  to  Murray,  worked  as  porter  and  came  to 
Wardner,  then  Kentuck,  with  the  first  rush  and  car- 
ried the  mail  from  Murray  to  this  place,  receiving 
fifty  cents  per  letter.  Later  he  operated  a  logging- 
house  for  A.  R.  Goldstein,  then  was  porter  in  a  saloon, 
receiving  two  hundred  dollars  per  month.  Later  he 
went  on  his  ranch  three  miles  east  fom  Wardner.  Af- 
ter this  he  managed  Al  Page's  ranch  nearly  two  years, 
then  did  contract  work,  mined  with  the  Bunker'  Hill, 
and  located  the  Coleman  mine.  He  kept  up  the  assess- 
ment until  1902,  when  Mr.  Coleman  sold  to  the  New 
Jersey  Gold  Mining  Company  for  ten  thousand  dol- 
lars. He  also  sold  land  and  mill  site  additional  to  the 

ploy  of  this  company  and  owns  a  claim  adjoining  the 
one  sold. 

In  1882  Mr.  Coleman  married  Miss  Lottie  Kelly,  a 
native  of  Liberty,  Clay  county,  Missouri.  Her  parents 
live  in  Leavemvorth,  Kansas.  Mr.  Coleman  also  owns 
mining  property  with  Dan  Dalton  and  Richard  Toner, 
and  has  a  good  residence  in  Wardner. 


CHASTINE  DUNAVAN  has  been  in  the  Coeur 

Alene  country  for  many  years  and  in  fact  was  one 

of  the  first  to  invade  these  fastnesses  when  the  excite- 

•nt  began.     He  has  continued  here  ever  since  and  is 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


one  of  the  well  known  and  valuable  citizens  whose 
labors  have  always  been  for  upbuilding  and  advance- 
ment. Chastine  Dunavan  was  born  in  Kentucky, 
March  8,  1829,  the  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Mc- 
Elroy)  Dunavan,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky, 
respectively.  The  father  was  a  patriot  in  the  Revolu- 
tion. Our  subject  was  raised  in  Kentucky  and  in  the 
Blue -Grass  state  he  received  his  education  and  when 
eighteen  he  enlisted  in  the  Nineteenth  Kentucky  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  Company  K,  under  Colonel' John  W. 
Tibatts.  He  served  eighteen  months,  then  spent  one 
year  at  home  and  after  that  clerked  in  a  mercantile 
house  in  St.  Joseph  for  three  years.  Then  came  six 
years  of  steamboating  on  the  Missouri,  after  which  he 
spent  two  years  more  in  St.  Joseph  and  in  1863  he 
came  to  Montana  and  mined.  Seven  years  were  spent 
in  the  grocery  business  then,  and  two  years  on  a  trip 
in  the  east.  '  In  1876  we  find  Mr.  Dunavan  in  the 
Black  Hills  and  he  was  one  of  the  enterprising  men 
there  until  1884,  when  he  came  over  the  Trout  creek 
trail  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  In  March  of 
that  year  he  landed  in  Eagle  City  and  a  few 
days  later  he  was  in  the  mercantile  establishment  of 
Hayes  &  Higby,  the  pioneers  of  this  camp.  Later 
we  see  Mr.  Dunavan  in  mining  and  since  those  days 
he  has  devoted  himself  to  this  constantly.  He  is 
one  of  the  prosperous  men  of  the  section  and  has 
various  properties.  Mr.  Dunavan  is  in  receipt  of  a 
,  pension  from  the  government  for  services  in  the  Mexi- 
can war  and  is  one  of  the  patriotic  supporters  of  the 
noble  stars  and  stripes.  Mr.  Dunavan  is  not  in  the 
hills  much  but  is  promoting  mines  and  is  now  in 
partnership  with  Lawrence  O'Neil,  mentioned  else- 
where in  this  volume.  Mr.  Dunavan  has  one  brother, 
William,  retired  in  Kentucky.  Mr.  Dunavan  is  a 
real  Jefrersonian  Democrat  and  is  sound  on  the  prin- 
ciples of  government.  He  is  a  genial  and  highly 
respected  gentleman  and  possesses  a  high  sense  of 
honor  and  of  his  stewardship. 


WILLIAM  McDOUGALL.  Among  the  genial, 
capable  and  patriotic  men  who  have  charge  of  the 
various  interests  of  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan 
properties  we  are  privileged  to  mention  the  subject  of 
this  article,  who  is  now  foreman  in  the  Bunker  Hill 
mine.  Mr.  McDougall  is  a  practical  miner,  under- 
standing the  art  from  the  grass  roots  to  the  finished 
producer  and  well  laid  out  property  in  working  trim, 
and  all  the  methods  from  the  hand  drill  to  the  im- 
proved machinery  of  the  present  day  and  so  is  well 
qualified  to  fill  the  position  where  he  find  him,  where 
his  wisdom,  faithful  work  and  efficiency  have  made 
hijn  a  valuable  man  to  the  company  and  his  integrity 
and  affability  have  won  for  him  the  high  esteem  of 
all  his  fellows. 

William  McDougall  was  born  in  Minnesota  on  April 
24,  1861.  being  the  son  of  Duncan  and  Ellen  (Aldvise- 
ly)  McDougall.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Canada, 
of  Scotch  descent  and  the  mother  was  born  in  Eng- 
land. Our  subject  was  reared  in  California,  whither 


his  parents  went  when  he  was  three  years  old.  His 
education  was  received  in  the  institutions  of  learning 
in  Bangor,  Butte  county,  California.  At  the  early  age 
of  sixteen,  Mr.  McDougall  commenced  his  mining 
career  and  since  that  time  he  has  steadily  pursued  this 
line  of  endeavor.  He  worked  first  in  the  Abott 
quicksilver  mines,  in  Lake  county,  California.  Then 

silver  mines  in  San  Bernardino  county  four  years, 
then  in  eastern  Oregon  as  foreman  in  the  Sanger  mine 
two  years,  then  in  the  Elkhorn  and  Baisley  in  Baker 
county  and  then  with  his  associates  he  bonded  the 
Virtue.  Later  the  bond  lapsed  and  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia again  and  was  foreman  in  the  Lone  Star  in 
Eldorado  county  a  short  time,  after  which  he  was 
shift  boss  in  the  W.  Y.  O.  D.  and  Empire  seven 
years.  In  1901  Mr.  McDougall  came  to  his  present 
position  and  since  that  time  has  done  excellent  work 
here.  Mr.  McDougall  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Annie 
McCloud,  in  Cherokee,  California. 

In  1893  Mr.  McDougall  married  Miss  Belle  Allen, 
whose  parents  live  in  Butte  county,  California,  the 
father  being  a  genera!  merchant.  Two  children  have 
been  born  to  this  union,  Loyd  L.  and  William  S. 
Mr.  McDougall  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
in  Grass  Valley,  California;' of  the  Grass  Valley  Chap- 
ter, R.  A.  M.;  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Commandery, 
K.  T. ;  and  of  the  Industrial  Union.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  stands  well  in  the  community,  having  many 
friends. 


JAMES  O.  THOMAS.  This  genial  and  affable 
gentleman  is  one  of  the  best  known  of  the  early  pio- 
neers and  his  kind  and  social  ways  have  given  him 
hosts  of  friends  all  through  this  section  and  he  is 
of  the  best  of  standing  in  the  district  today.  James 
O.  Thomas  was  born  in  Ponsett,  Middlesex  county, 
Connecticut,  on  Ma}'  26,  1834,  the  son  of  James  and 
Olivia  (Huppard)  Thomas,  natives  of  Connecticut. 
The  father  is  from  an  old  New  England  family  of 
prominence  and  patriotism  and  he  died  in  his  native 
state.  The  mother  comes  from  a  distinguished  fam- 
ily and  many  of  them  are  prominent  in  manufactories, 
in  the  professions  and  in  governmental  affairs.  Our 
subject  received  his  education  and  was  reared  in  his 
native  state  and  in  18=54  he  came  via  the  Isthmus  to 
California.  He  mined  two  years  and  then  took  a 
position  with  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company 
and  was  with  them  for  nine  years.  He  was  in  charge 
of  the  gang  that  closed  up  the  gap  on  the  Central 
Pacific  between  the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacific.  Follow- 
ing that  he  went  on  a  mining  tour  to  South  America, 
but  finding  the  climatic  and  other  conditions  unfavor- 
able to  his  work  in  that  line  he  returned  to  Cali- 
fornia at  once.  Then  he  fitted  out  and  went  to  Mon- 
tana. He  came  via  Old  Mission  and  followed  the 
Old  Mullan  road  and  at  the  present  site  of  Wardner 
he  prospected  in  the  creek  beds  for  gold,  little  realizing 
the  immense  bodies  of  wealth  now  owned  by  the  Hunk- 
er Hill  and  Sullivan  were  so  close  beneath  their  feet. 
He  went  on  to  Montana,  prospected  and  made  his  way 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


to  Big  Hole,  famous  for  the  Indian  battle  there.  Later 
Mr.  Thomas  went  to  the  Salmon  region,  then  went  to 
Lemhi  county  and  finally  returned  to  Connecticut  and 
remained  on  the  old  homestead  for  five  years.  In 
the  spring  of  1886  he  came  to  Murray  and  located  a 
small  piece  of  garden  ground,  buying  the  right  to  it. 
He  did  gardening  for  some  time  and  about  1890  he 
sold  it  for  six  hundred  dollars,  the  price  paid.  It 
has  since  been  sold  to  the  mining  company  for  five 
thousand  dollars.  After  selling  this  land  Mr.  Thomas 
came  to  Murray  and  began  in  his  present  business, 
handling  feed,  hay  and  grain.  He  has  done  well 
and  is  carrying  on  a  good  business  at  the  present 
time.  Mr.  Thomas  has  three  brothers,  Oscar,  Edwin, 
Wellington  and  three  sisters,  Olive  Mooney,  a  widow, 
Emily,  Laura  Killingsworth.  Mr.  Thomas  has  never 

content  with  the  quieter  joys  of  the  celibatarian.  He 
is  a  good  Republican  and  is  always  ready  to  aid 
whatever  is  for  the  public  good. 


JAMES  L.  SAFFORD.  A  well  known  mining 
man  and  promoter  of  properties,  being  also  skilled  in 
the  science  and  art  of  mining  and  experting  mines,  and 
at  the  present  operating  in  connection  with  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  it  is  quite  in  place  to  recount  the  career  of 
Mr.  Safford  in  the  history  of  northern  Idaho  and  it  is 
with  pleasure  that  we  are  enabled  to  add  that  in  his 
•  social  standing,  as  well  as  in  other  lines  he  is  of  the 
highest  and  is  characterized  by  faithful  labors  in 
general  advancement  and  progress.  In  this  connec- 
tion also  we  wish  to  mention  that  Mr.  Safford  does 
much  church  work,  especially  in  the  Epworth  League 
and  in  local  preaching,  in  which  capacities  he  has 
wrought  with  great  faithfulness. 

James  L.  Safford  was  born  in  New  York  state, 
on  October  17,  1864,  being  the  son  of  George  O.  and 
Ellen  (Strader)  Safford.  The  father  was  born  in 
Vermont,  has  resided  in  New  York  for  sixty  years 
and  is  a  well  known  literary  man,  whose  articles  ap- 
pear in  various  leading  journals  and  magazines.  He 
is  credited  with  the  stanzas  on  our  beautiful  Coeur 
d'Alene  lake,  which  are  found  elsewhere  in  this  vol- 
ume. The  mother  of  our  subject  was  born  in  Canada 
and  came  with  her  parents  to  New  York  when  an 
infant.  James  L.  was  raised  in  Canton,  New  York, 
and  was  there  educated.  When  twenty-two  he  went 
to  Minnesota  and  traveled  there  and  in  the  Dakotas 
for  the  Pilsbury-Hulburt  Elevator  Company.  Later 
.  Mr.  Safford  went  to  Park  City,  Utah,  and  engaged  in 
mining  and  in  that  line  he  has  operated  since.  He  is 
now  doing  expert  work  for  several  parties  in  this  dis- 
trict and  is  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country.  He  has  also  operated  properties  in  Nevada, 
Utah  and  other  sections  of  the  northwest  and  is  a 
man  of  excellent  judgment  and  great  keenness  in  these 
lines,  being  fortified  with  both  practical  experience 
and  a  thorough  understanding  of  the  works  in  refer- 
ence to  his  profession.  Mr.  Safford  has  one  brother 
and  three  sisters,  George  H.,  a  real  estate  man  in 


Spokane :  Mrs.  Rctta  A.  Sha'rp,  in  Binghampton,  New 
York:  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Grieves,  in  New  York;  Mrs. 
Lena  F.  Clarke,  at  the  old  home  place  in  Canton,  New 
York.  Mr.  Safford  is  still  enjoying  the  quiet  joys 
of  the  celibatarian.  He  is,  as  said  before,  actively  en- 
gaged in  church  work  and  many  of  the  outlying  dis- 
tricts have  heard  the  gospel  through  his  faithful 
efforts. 


WILLIAM  D.  FULLER  is  one  of  the  enterpris- 
ing business  men  of  Murray,  being  senior  partner  of 
the  firm  of  Fuller  Brothers,  meat  dealers,  and  he  is 
also  one  of  the  stanch  supporters  of  the  town  and  is 
to  be  credited  with  excellent  achievement  in  its 
upbuilding  and  growth.  He  has  devoted  himself  to 

that  line  now.  M'illiam  D.  F^llerTas  born  °™Ca?son 
City,  Nevada,  on  December  16,  1863,  the  son  of 
James  M.  arid  Jennie  A.  Fuller.  The  father  was  born 
in  Michigan,  came  to  Nevada  in  1862,  did  freighting 
and  then  dealt  in  meat  and  since  1880  he  has  dwelt 
near  Moscow,  in  Latah  county.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Indiana,  crossed  the  plains  with  her  parents 
and  is  still  living.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Nevada 
and  received  a  good  education  in  that  place.  After 
finishing  school  he  raised  stock,  operated  a  stage  for 
seven  years  from  Whiterock  to  Tuscarora,  then  mined 
successfully  for  a  time  and  in  the  fall  of  1893  he 
came  to  Murray.  He  at  once  turned  his  attention  to 
prospecting  and  mining  and  continued  that  until  March 
1902,  he  opened  his  present  business.  His  brother, 
March  H.,  came  down  frorri  Alberta  and  entered 
partnership  with  him  and  they  now  conduct  the  busi- 
ness together.  Our  subject  is  heavily  interested  in  the 
Iron  Clad,  Luella,  Levant,  Roy  Boy,  and  also  two 
placer  claims,  Fuller  and  Cornelius,  with  water 
rights.  He  is  doing  a  great  deal  of  development 
work  on  the  Iron  Clad  and  others  and  on  the  former 
has  about  three  hundred  feet  of  tunnelling.  The 
property  is  one  of  the  best  of  its  kind  uncovered  here 
and  will  doubtless  soon  be  a  shipper.  Mr.  Fuller 
has  one  brother  besides  his  partner,  Melvin,  and  one 
sister,  Sarah  E. 

On  November  18,  1892,  Mr.  Fuller  married  Miss 
Mary,  daughter  of  Morgan  Shearer.  Mrs.  Fuller 
was  born  in  Chico,  California,  and  she  has  one  brother 
Frank,  'ihe  wedding  occurred  on  the  North  Fork, 
near  Murray.  The  following  children  have  been 
born  to  this 'union:  Floyd  L. ;  aged  nine;  Hazen  H., 
aged  seven;  Cecil,  aged  five;  Howard,  aged  three; 
Clarence,  aged  seven  months.  Mr.  Fuller  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Red  Men  and  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  He  is 
a  Democrat.  Mr.  Fuller  is  well  impressed  with  the 
excellencies  of  this  country  and  its  worth.  He  is  a 
man  of  good  standing  and  has  hosts  of  friends. 


THOMAS  H.  SIMMONDS.  The  high  quali- 
fications, worth,  stability  and  patriotism  of  the  min- 
ing men  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district  are  evident  to 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  casual  observer,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  great  importance 
that  men  of  this  character  are  handling  these  mam- 
moth industries.  Especially  does  this  hold  true  of 
those  managing  the  mines  and  the  mining  interests. 
On  every  hand  we  see  men  of  great  experience,  keen 
discrimination,  sagacity  and  practical  ability,  coupled 
with  moral  qualities,  integrity,  sound  principles  and 
uprightness  that  vouchsafe  that  substantiality,  wis- 
dom, justice  and  execution  which  so  happily  con- 
serve the  interests  of  owner  and  operator  and  inspire 
confidence  in  the  public,  producing  general  advance- 
ment, upbuilding  and  progress  and  fostering  the  love 
of  home  and  country,  the  sure  guiding  star  to  every 
true  man  and  loyal  citizen.  We  greet  with  pleas- 
ure, therefore,  this  opportunity  to  recount,  although 
necessarily  in  brief,  the  salient  points  in  the  career 
of  one  who  stands  among  the  leading  mining  men  of 
this  world  famous  producing  district  and  who  is 
lacking  in  none  of  the  qualifications  mentioned,  and 
whose  achievements  here  speak  more  emphatically 
than  our  words  can,  being  a  bright  success  as  re- 
gards himself,  the  men  and  property  under  his  charge 
and  the  public  in  general.  Mr.  Simmonds  is  a  thor- 
ough miner  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  word.  He  un- 
derstands minerals,  and  knows  how  to  wrest  them 
from  their  rocky  security  to  replenish  the.  coffers 
of  the  commercial  world ;  he  understands  men  and  is 
able,  in  handling  them,  to  exemplify  that  justice  and 
fairness  which  characterize  brother  with  brother 
and  man  with  man :  he  understands  principles  and  is 
able  to  put  them  in  application  from  abstract  math- 
ematics and  chemistry  to  practical  concentration  and 
definite  civil  and  mining  engineering,  from  theoretic 
ethics  and  political  economy  to  that  even  balance  of 
the  golden  rule  which  wrongs  neither  the  capitalist 
nor  the  least  employee.  Following  the  leading  of 
these  salutary  principles  and  this  wisdom,  nothing 
short  of  success,  and  that  of  the  most  substantial 
and  gratifying  kind,  could  crown  the  efforts  of  Mr. 
Simmonds,  as  has  been  the  case. 

Reverting  more  particularly  to  his  personal  life, 
we  note  that  Thomas  H.  Simmonds  was  born  in  Eng- 
land, on  November  29,  1859,  and  his  parents,  James 
T.  and  Emmaline  (Collins)  Simmonds,  are  also  na- 
tives of  that  country  and  now  live  there.  The  father 
is  a  retired  mining  manager.  Our  subject  was  thor- 
oughly educated  m  his  native  land  and  when  eighteen 
came  to  the  United  States.  He  went  direct  to  Kern 
county,  California,  engaging  in  the  mines  of  Senator 
Jones.  Later  he  mined  in  Grass  Valley,  then  in  the 
quicksilver  mines  of  Lake  and  Napa'  counties  for 
seven  years.  He  was  foreman  of  the  Sulphur  Bank 
mine  in  Lake  county  two  years.  In  1887  he  \vcnc 
to  Amador  county  and  held  the  foremanship  of  the 
Big  Bar  mine.  He  was  also  in  the  Millie  and  Kennedy 
mines  then  went  to  eastern  Oregon  in  1889.  There 
he  held  the  foremanship  in  the  Bradley  properties 
and  went  thence  to  the  Cashier  mines  in  the  Exche- 
-quer  district  in- the  Mohave  desert.  Next  we  see  him 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  one  year  later  he 
went  thence  to  Eldorado  county,  California,  where 
lie  was  superintendent  for  two  years  in  the  Taylor 


mine.  Next  he  was  in  the  W.  Y.  O.  D.  mine  in  Grass 
valley  and  held  the  superintendency  for  six  years  and 
one  year  in  the  Empire.  Then  Mr.  Simmonds  ac- 
cepted the  position  as  manager  of  one  of  the  mines  of 
the  South  Africa  Gold  Fields  Company  and  went  to 
England  to  take  the  management,  but  the  Boer  war 
prevented  his  journey  to  Africa  and  hence  he  re- 
turned to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district  and  in  August, 
1900,  he  accepted  his  present  position  of  superinten- 
dent of  the  Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Mining  and  Con- 
centrating Company.  In  this  capacity  he  has  op- 
erated since  with  the  best  of  success  attending  his 
efforts. 

On  November  6,  1880,  Mr.  Simmonds  married 
Miss  Annie  E.,  daughter  of  Washington  and  Nannie 
Davev.  The  father  is  deceased  and  the  mother  lives 
in  San  Jose,  California.  Mr.  Davey  owned  at  one 
time  all  the  stage  lines  from  Calistoga  to  Napa,  Knox- 
ville  and  all  points  in  Lake  county,  and  was  a  well 
known  and  prominent  man  and  pioneer.  He  crossed 
the  plains  in  early  days  and  his  wife  crossed  in  1850. 
His  wife's  sister  was  the  wife  of  Hugh  Dimond,  a  well 
known  capitalist  and  a  director  of  the  Hibernia 
Bank  of  San  Francisco,  California.  One  child,  El- 
ton J.,  aged  twenty-one,  has  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.'  Simmonds.  He  was  educated  in  St.  Mat- 
thews College,  in  San  Mateo,  California,  and  is  now  a 
miner  in  the  Bunker  Hill.  Mr.  Simmonds  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. ;  of  the  R.  A.  M.,  Chapter 
r8,  in  Grass  Valley;  of  the  K.  T.,  at  Nevada  City, 
California;  of  the"  Elkatif  Temple  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine.  Mr.  Simmonds  is  a  Republican  and  takes  the 
part  of  the  intelligent  citizen  in  political  matters.  He 
is  a  man  of  affability,  excellent  judgment,  stands  ex- 
ceptionally well  amo'ng  the  people  and  has  the  con- 
fidence of  all. 


CLYDE  S.  PARKER.  Born  in  one  of  the  early. 
towns  of  the  west,  raised  in  the  Occident,  and  a  busi- 
ness man  here  since,  surely  entitles  the  subject  of  this 
article  to  be  classed  as  a  genuine  western  man.  He  is 
at  the  present  time  carrying  on  an  insurance  and  real 
estate  business  together  with  collections  and  so  forth 
in  Wardner,  where  he  enjoys  a  good  patronage  and  is 
of  excellent  standing. 

Clyde  S.  Parker  was  born  in  Canyon  City,  Oregon 
on  May  23,  1866,  being  the  son  of  Newton  6.  and  So- 
phia S.  (Cornelius)  Parker.  The  father  was  born  in 
Virginia  of  an  old  family  and  Parkersburg,  West  Vir- 
ginia, is  named  from  his  grandfather.  He  died  on 
September  28,  1898.  The  mother  was  born  in  Penn- 


6ur  subject  was  raised  principally  in  Portland  and 
there  graduated  from  the  high  school.  Then  he  went 
to  Lewiston  with  J.  P.  Vollmer  &  Co.,  retaining  this 
place  six  years.  He  was  manager  of  the  Lewiston  and 
Genesee  stores.  Then  he  was  deputy  assessor  of  Latah 
county  for  four  years  and  in  1895  Mr.  Parker  settled 
in  Wardner.  He  was  train  boss  for  the  Bunker  Hill 
for  a  time  and  then  took  up  the  insurance  business. 
He  has  been  justice  of  the  peace  for  four  years  and  he 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


has  gained  a  fine  business  in  the  lines  which  he  follows. 
Mr.  Parker  has  been  delegate  to  all  the  county  con- 
ventions except  the  last  one  and  he  is  a  strong  Republi- 
can. He  has  one  brother  and  one  sister,  Newton  F.  and 
Stella. 

On  September  22,  1888,  Mr.  Parker  married  Miss 
Jennie,  daughter  of  Michael  and  Elizabeth  Reddy, 
both  deceased.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Parker,  Kelso  and  Frances.  Mrs.  Parker 
has  two  brothers  and  four  sisters,  Owen,  Richard,  Mrs. 
Marvin  Caldwell,  Mrs.  Katherine  Worden,  Mrs.  Eliza- 
beth White,  Mrs.  Sarah  Elliott.  Mr.  Parker  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  the  Eagles,  and  of  the  Junior 
Order  of  A.  M.  He  is  a  man  of  affability  and  is  of 
first  class  standing. 


CALVIN  NUSS.  Although  the  subject  of  this 
article  has  not  been  so  long  in  this  country  as  some  of. 
the  old  timers,  still  he  has  evinced  such  enterprise  and 
energy  in  the  opening  of  the  district  and  its  improve- 
ment that  he  is  entitled  to  representation  as  one  of  the 
substantial  builders  and  supporters  of  the  county.  He 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  on  November  25,  1863,  the 
son  of  Joseph  and  Annie  E.  (Jacobs)  Nuss,  men- 
tioned elsewhere  in  this  volume.  Our  subject  was 
reared  and  educated  in  the  east,  principally  in  Illinois 
and  there  he  remained  until  1900  when  he  came  to  this 
country.  He  at  once  devoted  himself  to  mining  and  in 
the  spring  of  1900  he  located  the  Jersey  group,  on  Ea- 
gle creek  and  the  Homestead  group  in  Bear  Gulch. 
Mr.  Nuss  secured  a  valuable  property  when  he  located 
these  and  he  is  giving  his  attention  to  developing 
them.  The  tunnel  showings  are  in  good  ore  and  great 
promise  is  in  evidence.  Mr.  Nuss  is  a -brother-in-law 
of  C.  B.  Ferguson,  one  of  the  well  known  pioneers  and 
mining  men  of  this  district.  Our  subject  is  a  member 
of  the  M.  W.  A.  and  is  a  man  of  good  standing  and  has 
many  friends. 


THOMAS  WRIGHT,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 
in  Wardner,  and  one  who  has  continued  here  since,  is 
well  known  and  has  a  first  class  standing.  He  has 
been  occupied  in  mining  in  all  the  prominent  north- 
western camps  and  has  had  great  experience  in  the  pio- 
neer places  and  early  days. 

Thomas  Wright  was  born  in  New  York  state  on 
April  26,  1839,  the  son  of  William  and  Margaret 
Wright,  natives  of  Ireland  and  now  deceased.  The 
father  was  a  steam  engineer  and  this  son  also  became 
skilled  in  this  line.  Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  St. 
Lawrence  across  on  the  Canadian  side  until  thirteen 
and  then  went  to  Platt  county,  Missouri.  Two  years 
later  he  went  to  Kansas  and  there  he  married  when 
twenty-four  and  with  his  wife  crossed  the  plains  in 
1862.  He  located  on  the  Powder  river,  in  Oregon, 
later  settled  in  Auburn,  then  went  to  Boise  basin, 
leaving  the  wife  and  child  in  Auburn.  He  located 


some  valuable  ground  and  with  his  two  brothers  put 
in  eleven  miles  of  ditch  which  cost  nearly  .fifty  thous- 
and dollars.  Later  he  bought  out  his  brothers  and  in 
1876  he  sold  the  ditch  for  a  small  figure  and  went  to 
the  Salmon  river,  where  he  found  dirt  that  paid  him, 
ten  dollars  per  hour  with  a  rocker.  Four  years  were 
spent  there  and  then  Mr.  Wright  returned  to  Kansas 
and  did  saw  milling  and  grist  milling  for  sixteen  years. 
He  built  the  first  house  in  Longton  then  spent  eight 
years  in  the  Cherokee  nation.  There  he  operated  a 
saw  mill,  handling  black  walnut.  In  1886  Mr.  Wright 
came  to  Wardner  and  here  and  in  the  vicinity  he  has 
remained  since.  He  worked  for  the  Bunker  Hill  for 
six  years  and  has  clerked  for  his  son-in-law,  J.  F. 
Van  Allen,  for  five  years.  Mr.  Wright  has  a  residence 
in  Moscow  which  he  rents.  He  has  the  following 
brothers  and  sisters:  John,  William,  Rose,  Lou,  Mar- 
garet, Caroline.  Four  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.. 
and  Mrs.  Wright,  Jesse,  Charles,  Nellie,  Hattie.  Mr. 
Wright  had  been  a  life  long  Democrat,  but  at  the  last 
election  he  voted  the  Republican  ticket  and  now  stands 
on  that  platform. 


JOHN  F.  VAN  ALLEN  is  proprietor  and  operator 
of  a  fine  hardware  establishment  in  Wardner,  handling 
also  all  kinds  of  sheet  iron,  does  tin  work  and  plumb- 
ing, carrying  a  good  stock  in  each  line  and  being  one 
of  the  substantial  and  popular  business  men  of  the 

John  F.  Van  Allen  was  born  in  Morrisburg,  Dundas 
county,  Ontario,  Canada,  on  August  22,  1862,  being 
the  son  of  Isaac  and  Mary  J.  (Morgan)  Van  Allen. 
The  father  was  born  in  the  Mohawk  valley,  New  York, 
was  a  loyalist  and  went  to  Canada  with  a  band  of 
twenty-five  thousand  loyalists  in  the  time  of  the  Revo- 
lution'. The  mother  was  born  in  Canada  of  English 
and  Scotch  ancestry  and  died'  in  1867.  Our  subject 
was  raised  in  Canada  and  was  educated  in  the  excellent 
schools  of  Ontario,  which  are  noted  widely  for  their 
superiority.  Finishing  his  high  school  course  he 
learned  the  tinner's  trade  and  in  1885  he  came  to 
Pottsdam,  New  York.  A  year  later  he  went  to  Min- 
neapolis and  in  1891  he  came  to  Wardner.  He  en- 
gaged with  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Hardware  Company, 
then  Holley  Mason  Marks  Co.  In  1896  this  company 
removed  to  Wallace,  and  Mr.  Van  Allen  bought  a 
stock  of  goods  from  them  and  opened  a  store  for  him- 
self. This  has  been  his  place  of  business  since  and  he 
has  devoted  himself  to  the  advancement  and  building 
up  of  his  trade  and  is  successful,  being  now  one  of  the 
thriving  merchants  of  the  town.  In  1896  Mr.  Van 
Allen  bought  a  lot  and  erected  the  business  building 
that  he  now  occupies.  He  also  has  a  good  dwelling 
of  nine  rooms,  well  appointed  and  of  modern  archi- 
tecture. Mr.  Van  Allen  has  three  brothers  and  two* 
sisters,  Lemuel  H.,  George  I.,  William  H.,  Mrs.  Nellie 
Garlough,  Emma. 

[n  March,  1897,  at  Wallace,  Mr.  Van  Allen  married 
Mrs.  Nellie  Poteet,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Frances- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1189 


Wright,  who  reside  .in  Wardner.  Her  father  was  one 
•of  the  earliest  pioneers  in  Idaho  and  is  said  to  be  the 
first  white  man  to  enter  the  Boise  basin  and  followed 
placer  mining.  Mr.  Van  Allen  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
P.,  the  Elks,  the  W.  W.,  and  Women  of  Woodcraft. 
Mr.  Van  Allen  is  a  Democrat,  but  is  of  liberal  and  in- 
dependent idea 


JOSEPH  A.  R.  CAMPBELL.  No  man  is  better 
known  in  the  Wardner  country  than  the  subject  of  this 
article  and  no  man  is  more  feared  by  the  lawless  and 
criminal  class  of  people,  for  Joseph  Campbell  is  a  man 
of  keen  penetration,  quick  action,  fearless  and  bold, 
skillful  with  weapons,  above  a  bribe,  and  with  a  nerve 
of  steel.  His  determination  to  do  his  duty  in  the  posi- 
tion which  he  holds  of  city  marshal  and  the  integrity 
and  unswerving  adherence  to  principle  which  charac- 
terize him  have  made  him  a  power  for  law  and  order 
and  Wardner  is  to  be  congratulated  that  such  a  man  is 
handling  this  department. 

Joseph  Campbell  was  born  in  Davis  county,  Iowa, 
on  April  22,  1855.  being  the  son  of  John  J.  and  Alice 
(Noland)  Campbell.  The  father  was  born  July  12, 
1812,  and  died  on  April  6,  1890.  He  crossed  the  plains 
in  1858,  returned  in  three  years,  crossed  again  in  1862, 
located  the  ground  where  a  part  of  Baker  City  stands, 
went  into  stock  near  Baker  City  and  there  died.  He 
was  captain  of  the  train  that  stopped  first  at  Baker 
City.  Our  subject's  paternal  grandfather  was  a  patriot 
in  the  Revolution.  The  mother  of  Joseph  died  when 
he  was  four,  arid  he  was  raised  principally  in  Oregon, 
being  in  Baker,  Umatilla  and  Polk  counties.  In  1866-7 
he  rode  the  bell  animal  of  pack  trains  into  the  Boise 
basin,  which  was  a  remarkable  feat  for  one  so  young. 
Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
Monmouth  College.  He  rode  the  range,  did  sawmill 

in  1876  took  charge  of  three  thousand  and  seven  hun- 
dred cattle  to  Cheyenne.  He  returned  to  Montana.  In 

1877  ne  bought  an  interest  in  a  sawmill,  the  next  year 
he  bought  a  wood  business  in  Butte  and  in  1879  he  was 
chosen  chief  of  police  of  that  city,  and  that  office  and 
deputy  sheriff  he  held  there  for  five  years.  He  was 
the  first  chief  there.  In  1883  he  went  east  for  an  op- 
eration on  his  arm,  which  had  received  a  gunshot 
wound  in  an  encounter  with  a  criminal.  Mr.  Campbell 
took  his  man,  however,  on  this  occasion,  as  on  all 
others,  but  sometimes  they  were  carried  on  a  stretcher, 
and  it  is  well,  for  the  dignity  of  the  law  must  be  obeyed. 
In  1884  Mr.  Campbell  came  to  Eagle  City  and  engaged 
in  several  placer  deals,  but  was  not  successful.  He 
came  here  ten  days  after  the  location  of  Bunker  Hill 
and  located  fourteen  claims  adjoining.  In  1885  he 
went  back  to  Eagle  and  was  deputy  sheriff  at  the  Hop- 
kins boom.  The  next  spring  he  returned  to  Wardner 
and  was  constable,  deputy  sheriff,  and  deputy  U.  S. 
marshal,  and  when  the  city  was  incorporated  he  was 
chosen  city  marshal.  Mr.  Campbell  has  four  brothers 
and  one  sister:  George,  Benjamin,  Henry,  Frank,  all 
.near  Baker  City,  in  the  stock  business ;' Mrs.  Sarah 

Thompson,  at  Ft.  Wayne,  Indiana. 


In  1888  Mr..  Campbell  married  Miss  Hebe  M., 
daughter  of  J.  J .  and  Elizabeth  Lent,  residents  of 
Wardner,  where  also  the  wedding  occurred.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  Arthur  D.  and  Colvin  C.  Mr. 
Campbell  is  a  member  of  the  Junior  Order  A.  M.,  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  the  Encampment,  of  the  Rebekahs, 
of  the  Eagles,  and  in  politics  is  a  stanch  Republican. 
He  has  frequently  been  to  the  county  conventions  and 
has  also  attended  the  state  conventions.  For  three 
years  Mr.  Campbell  represented  his  lodge  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  at  the  grand  lodge  for  the  state  of  Idaho. 


HARRY  L.  DAY  was  born  December  12,  1865, 
at  Dayton,  Lyon  county,  Nevada,  the  son  of  Henry  L. 
and  Ellen  (Powers)  Day.  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
work.  Our  subject  was  raised  principally  in  Cali- 
fornia, whither  his  parents  removed  when  he  was 
young.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Nevada 
and  Sacramento  counties  and  then  took  a  degree  from 
St.  Marys  College  of  San  Francisco.  Previous  to  this 
course  he  had  labored  assiduously  at  various  employ- 
ments, beginning  with  selling  papers  on  the  streets  of 
Sacramento.  Mr.  Day  graduated  in  1885,  then  re- 
iurned  to  Truckee  and  worked  at  bookkeeping  and 
other  employment  until  he  removed  to  Wardner  in 
April,  1886.  He  then  prospected  and  held  various 
positions  in  leading  mines  of  this  district  and  also  he 
and  his  father  operated  the  first  dairy  in  Wardner, 
which  their  skill  and  business  enterprise  made  success- 
ful. In  1889  Mr.  Day  and  his  partner,  Fred  Harper, 
discovered  the  now  famous  Hercules.  This  magnifi- 
cent property  is  mentioned  fully  elsewhere  in  this  work, 
but  we  will  say  that  Mr.  Day  had  faith  -in  it  from  the 
beginning  and  steadily  pursued  his  labors,  having 
charge  of  the  books  of  the  company  and  pressing  on 
its  development  constantly.  He  was  employed  in  vari- 
ous sections  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  in  prospect- 
ing and  in  the  leading  mines  and  mills,  and  is  at  pres- 


ing and  in  the  leading  mines  and  mills,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent manager  of  the  Hercules  Milling  Company.  He 
has  two  brothers,  Eugene  R.,"  Jerome  J.,  both  mining 
men  of  Wallace  and  both  interested  in  the  Hercules. 
He  also  has  two  sisters,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Royce,  who  resides 
with  her  husband  in  Denver  :  Blanche,  single  and 
dwelling  with  her  parents  in  Wallace.  Mr.  Day  is  a 
Democrat  and  takes  a  keen  interest  in  the  welfare  of 
the  community. 

On  Augus't  13,  1900,  Mr.  Day  married  Miss  Nellie 
B.,  daughter  of  >.  M.  and  Ellen  Dwyer,  who  dwell 
at  Newman  Lake,  Washington.  The  wedding  oc- 
curred at  the  historical  old  church.  Old  Mission,  in 
Kootenai  county.  One  child  has  been  born  to  this 
union,  Lawrence  V. 


MILES  REN  NICK  is  operating  winch-man  on 
the  Delta  Gold  Mining  Company's  dredger  at  Delta, 
and  is  a  highly  respected  citizen.  He  was  born  in  De- 
catur,  Illinois,  on  November  22,  1868,  the  son  of 
George  M.  and  Rachel  (Davis)  Rennick.  The  father 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


was  born  in  St.  Francis  county,  Missouri,  in  1849,  and 
now  dwells  in  Sedgwick  county,  a  respected  farmer. 
His  father  was  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers  of  Missouri, 
who  married  Polly  Anne  Wilborn,  a  native  of  that 
state  and  daughter  of  early  pioneers.  She  died  in 
1895.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  the  second 
daughter  of  Joseph  Davis,  who  was  precluded  from 
ioining  the  Union  armv  by  physical  disability.  Joseph 
Davis  married  Mary' Davidson,  a  native  of  New 
Jersey,  who  died  ten  years  since  at  Doe  Run,  Mis- 
souri. Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm,  received 
a  common  schooling  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
went  to  do  for  himself.  His  first  venture  was  to 
Gunnison  county,  Colorado,  where  he  mined  and  in 
1890  he  went  thence  to  the  Chickasaw  country  in  In- 
dian Territory.  In  1896  we  see  him  in  Cripple  Creek 
and  there  he  witnessed  the  great  fire  of  that  place 
in  June  of  the  same  year.  After  this  Mr.  Rennick 
prospected  in  the  Colorado  and  San  Juan  rivers  and 
later  in  various  sections  of  the  state.  In  1900  he  made 
his  way  to  Washington  and  also  visited  British  Colum- 
bia. Next  we  see  him  in  Harrison,  Idaho,  where  he 
located  a  homestead.  In  1903  he  sold  the  property 
and  came  to  his  present  position.  He  is  a  skilled  man 
in  his  line  and  has  the  confidence  of  the  people.  Mr. 
Rennick  has  the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters : 
George,  a  farmer  of  Mulvere,  Kansas;  Clinton,  at 
Ouray,  Colorado;  Ferdinand,  of .  Mulvere,  Kansas; 
Mrs.  "Minnie  D.  Canady,  of  Oklahoma ;  Ruby,  at  home ; 
Bessie  Howard;  Mamie,  at  home. 


JOSIAH  HILL.  When  the  town  of  Wardner 
consisted  of  ,one  tent,  Mr.  Hill  was  here  and  has 
remained  here  since  that  time,  thus  preeminently  en- 
titling him  to  the  position  of  the  earliest  pioneer  and 
one  of  the  real  builders  of  Wardner.  At  the  present 
time  he  is  handling  a  livery  barn  in  connection  with 
his  son,  Roy,  who  is  a  partner  in  the  business,  and 
is  also  operating  a  stage  line  .from  Kellogg  to  Wardner 
and  .does  a  general  transfer  business  of  passengers, 
express,  mail,  freight  and  so  forth.  We  are  pleased 
to  recount  some  of  the  details  of  Mr.  Hill's  life,  'es- 
pecially so  since  he  has  been  an  active  pioneer  since 
he  was  twenty  and  also  since  he  has  been  a  potent 
influence  in  the  advancement  of  this  section  for  years. 
Josiah  Hill  was  born  in  New  Brunswick,  on  January 
18,  1844,  being  the  son  of  David  and  Anna  (Brown) 
Hill.  The  father  was  born  in  Calais,  Maine,  on  July 
6,  1806.  and  died  in  1884.  His  father  took  from  the 
government  the  land  on  which  Calais  is  built  and  the 
grandfather  of  our  subject  was  in  the  Revolution. 
The  mother1  of  Josiah  was  born  in  New  Brunswick, 
on  July  6,  1812,  and  died  in  August,  1870,  being  of 
Scotch  descent.  Our  subject  was  educated  and  re- 
mained in  his  native  place  until  he  was  twenty  and 
then  took  the  long  journey  to  San  Francisco,  whence 
he  came  to  Seattle,  arriving  in  Port  Gamble  on  the 
old  bark  Ranier.  He  deserted  the  ship  and  went  in 
an  Indian  canoe  to  find  his  brother  at  Seattle,  whom 
he  had  not  seen  for  years.  A  storm  overtook  him  and 


his  cockle  shell  craft  was  about  to  be  swamped  when 
a  passing  steamer  picked  him  up  and  by  a  remarka- 
ble coincidence,  his  brother  was  captain  of  this  steamer. 
In  1867  Mr.  Hill  made  a  trip  to  San  Francisco  on  a 
lumber  schooner,  thence  to  Eureka,  where  he  remained 
until  1870.  He  did  lumbering,  stage  driving  and 
various  other  labors  during  these  years  and  in  1870 
he  started  east.  He  visited  Cheyenne,  Denver,  Kan- 
sas City,  and  also  a  brother  at  Atchison,  Kansas,  af- 
ter a  while  went  on  back  to  New  Brunswick.  Two 
years  there,  in  which  time  he  was  married,  and  then 
came  a  journey  to  Truckee,  California,  and  after  some 
time  in  lumbering.  Mr.  Hill  took  charge  of  the  freight- 
ing stock  of  Mackey,  Fair,  Flood  and  O'Brien,  the 
men  of  Bonanza  fame.  He  handled  their  stock  for 
three  years  and  then  with  a  partner  bought  it,  three 
hundred  head,  and  did  freighting  from  Carson  to 
Bodie.  This  was  during  the  excitement  of  1876  and 
in  addition  to  freighting,  Mr.  Hill  also  operated  a 
sawmill  and  furnished  lumber  to  Bodie  camps.  He 
was  well  prospered  and  in  1881  he  sold -out  and  came 
again  to  Seattle.  He  went  later  to  Portland  and 
bought  one-half  interest  in  the  old  American  Exchange 
hotel,  but  sold  again  in  a  year.  Next  we  see  Mr.  Hill 
in  Spokane  and  as  the  Northern  Pacific  was  then 
building,  he.  was  soon  handling  a  contract  and  in 
this  and  logging,  he  continued  until  1886.  In  that 
year  he  came  to  the  present  site  of  Wardner,  did  lum- 
ber work  at  Kellogg,  erected  a  sawmill  and  was  one 
of  the  progressive  men  in  opening  up  this  section,  be- 
ing well  acquainted  with  the  pioneer  work  needed  to 

menced  to  handle  freight  and  his  business  naturally 
went  into  the  transfer  line  which  he  is  and  has  been 
continually  operating  since  that  time.  As  said  above, 
Mr.  Hill  is  also  operating  a  livery  stable  in  Wardner 
and  his  son  Roy,  is  his  partner.  He  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial young 'men  of  the  town  and  is  possessed  of 
the  stirring  energy  and  executive  force  of  his  father 
and  holds  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  all,  being  a  man 
of  integrity  and  reliability.  Our  subject  has  one 
brother,  Captain  John  S.  Hill,  who  is  living  on  a  ranch 
adjoining  Kellogg,  which  was  taken  by  himself  and 
our  subject.  They  have  one  sister,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Hannah,  of  New  Brunswick. 

On  August  17,  1875,  Mr.  Hill  married  Miss  Mari- 
etta, daughter  of  James  and  Salome  Polk.  This  wed- 
ding occurred  in  St.  Stephens,  New  Brunswick.  Mrs. 
Hill  has  two  brothers,  Sidney  and  Josiah,  both  sea- 
faring men.  Mr.  Hill  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A. 
M.,  Bodie  Lodge  No.  252.  Mr.  Hill  is  a  Republican 
and  has  attended  the  convention  and  takes  the  inter- 
est of  the  substantial  citizen.  He  is  possessed  of  some 
mining  interests  and  is  one  of  the  prominent  business 
men  and  of  excellent  standing  and  has  hosts  of  friends. 


JOSEPH  F.  STEVENS,  one  of  the  earliest  pio- 
neers of  the  Coetir  d'Alene  country,  dwells  at  Mur- 
ray, and  in  addition  to  handling  mining  property  is 
a  contracting  millwright.  He  is  one  of  the  leading 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


men  in  both  of  these  lines,  and  also  we  desire  to  men- 
tion that  Mr.  Stevens  has  always  been  a  promoter  of 
beneficial  athletics,  and  while  not  wishing  to  press 
himself  forward  it  is  but  right  to  say  that  he  holds  the 
championship  for  single  drilling  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene, 
and  with  Cash  Patterson,  the  team  honors.  He  also 
held  several  field  records  in  recent  days. 

Joseph  F.  Stevens  was  born  in  Madison,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  February  13,  1864,  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Eliza 
E.  (Cross)  Stevens.  The  father  was  born  in  London, 
England,  on  February  22,  1836,  and  his  parents  were 
natives  of  the  same  place.  He  came  to  America  when 
eighteen,  wrought  for  W.  K.  Vanderbilt,  later  went  to 
Joliet,  where  he  took  up  building  and  contracting.  He 
married  there,  and  after  various  moves  went  to  Jasper 
county,  Iowa,  where  he  is  now  retired.  The  mother 
was  born  in  London,  the  daughter  of  Robert  and  Mary 
Cross,  who  came  with  their  children  to  the  United 
States  and  settled  in  Joliet,  Illinois,  where  the  father 
took  up  his  business  of  shoe  manufacturing.  He  died 
in  1878.  Mrs.  Stevens  is  still  living.  Our  subject, 
the  fourth  child  of  the  family,  remained  in  the  parental 
home  until  he  was  seventeen,  gaining  good  educational 
training  and  learning  the  principles  of  his  valuable 
trade,  mill-wrighting.  At  the  age  mentioned  he  came 
to  Eagle  Rock,  now  Idaho  Falls.  He  wrought  for  the 
Utah  &  Northern  and  later  had  charge  of  a  division 
on  the  Oregon  Shortline.  In  the  winter  of  1883-84 
he  came  to  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  country  over  the  trail 
from  Thompson  Falls,  packing  in  two  hundred  and 
forty  pounds,  using  a  toboggan  and  snow  shoes.  He 
landed  April  27,  1884,  and  at  once  began  operations  as 
a  quartz  miner.  He  took  out  and  milled  the  first  pound 
of  quartz  of  the  district,  and  has  been  a  leader  in  these 

Occidental  claim.  He  contracted  later  for  mills  and 
erected  the  first  four  mills  on  Prichard  creek,  the  Yo- 
semite,  Daddy,  Mother  Lode  and  Golden  Chest.  He 
also  built  mills  in  the  Silver  City  district  and  in  north- 
ern California.  The  Cumberland  at  Silver  City,  his 
workmanship,  is  said  to  be  the  first  in  the  northwest. 
Mr.  Stevens  is  now  going  into  the  Buffalo  Hump 
country  to  build  several  stamp  mills  there.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  industries  mentioned  Mr.  Stevens  during 
the  last  year  bought  and  sold  over  seventy-two  thou- 
sand acres  of  land  in  the  Big  Bend  country. . 

In  political  matters  Mr.  Stevens  is  a  strenuous  Re- 
publican and  while  always  active  for  the  election  of 
friends  and  good  men  he  has  ever  refused  nomina- 
tion for  himself.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
and  the  K.  P.  In  religious  persuasion  he  and  his  wife 
belong  to  the  Episcopalian  church. 

On  December  20,  1888,  occurred  the  marriage  of 
Mr.  Stevens  and  Miss  Laura  E.,  daughter  of  John 
and  Julia  (Johnson)  Clark.  The  wedding  occurred 
in  Murray.  Mr.  Clark  crossed  the  plains  from  Indiana 
to  Oregon  in  1863  and  landed  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
country  in  November,  1883,  and  was  a  locator  of  the 
famous  Widow's  Mite  placer.  He  is  now  a  mining 
man  at  Applegate,  Oregon.  Mrs.  Clark  was  born 
in  LaFayette  and  is  stil!  living.  Mrs.  Stevens  was  born 
in  Carlton,  Oregon,  on  July  10,  1868,  and  she  has  the 


following  brothers  and  sisters :  James,  Pearl,  Mrs. 
Calantha  Winters,  Mrs.  Etta  Olds.  Mr.  Stevens  has 
brothers  and  sisters  as  follows:  Robert,  killed  acci- 
dentally in  Murray,  July  16,  1892 ;  William  A.,  a  min- 
ing man  in  New  York;  Mrs.  Carrie  Kennedy:  Mrs, 
Nellie  Clar ;  Mrs.  Madge  Bergman. 


HIRAM  BRYANT.  How  like  the  patriarchs  of 
old  are  the  worthy  pioneers  of  today!  The  esteemed 
gentleman  of  whom  we  are  now  privileged  to  speak  is 
one  deserving  especial  mention  in  this  history  for  many 
reasons,  and  the  interesting  details  of  his  life  will  amply 
bear  out  this  fact. 

Hiram  Bryant  was  born  in  Breathitt  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  January  29,  1847,  being  the  son  of  Hiram  and 
Sarah  (Millions)  Bryant.  When  twelve  he  went  with 
his  parents  to  Morgan  county  and  attended  school  in 
the  log  cabins.  But  not  until  after  he  was  of  age  did 
he  succeed  in  getting  the  education  he  desired,  and  then 
he  spent  some  time  in  teaching,  part  of  which  was  after 
his  marriage.  Our  subject's  father  was  born  in 
Missouri  but  was  a  pioneer  in  Breathitt  county,  Ken- 
tucky. He  was  wealthy  but  suffered  the  loss  of  most 
of  his  property  from  the  raids  of  bushwhackers  and 
soldiers  in  turn  during  the  awful  Civil  war.  He  had 
enlisted  for  the  Mexican  war  but  peace  was  declared 
while  he  was  en  route  to  the  front.  The  mother  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  her  father  being  a 
prominent  pioneer  of  that  state  and  noted  as  a  hunter. 
One  day  when  our  subject  was  grinding  sorghum  he 
turned  to  see  the  soldiers  who  were  firing  on  their 
turkeys,  and  the  mill  crushed  his  hand,  which  crippled 
him  for  life.  The  marriage  of  Mr.  Bryant  and  Miss 
Ellen,  daughter  of  Reson  and  Martha  A.  (Murphy) 
Oldfield,  was  celebrated  on  March  3,  1869.  Sixteen 
children  have  been  born  to  this  happy  marriage: 
George  R.,  married  to  Mary  Nichols,  in  Linn  county, 
Kansas;  William  C,  on  Central  ridge;  Sarah  Ellen, 
wife  of  William  J.  Ingram,  of  Central  ridge;  James 
M.,  married  to  Helda  Ritchell,  of  Anderson  county, 
Kansas;  Andrew  H.  and  John  M.,  of  Central  ridge; 
Reson,  Ellsberry,  Grover  C.,  Lydia  A.,  Lillie  J.,  Ivory, 
Denny  H.,  Elsie,  Edgar,  and  Charles  F.,  all  near  Oro- 
fino  except  Lillie  J.  and  Edgar,  who  arc  deceased. 
Mrs.  Bryant's  parents  were  both  born  and  raised  in 
Kentucky,  and  in  August,  1900,  the  father  died  there 
in  his  seventy-first  year.  The  mother  is  still  living 
on  the  home  place.  Soon  after  his  marriage  Mr. 
Eryant  settled  to  farming  near  his  parents,  and  also 
near  his  wife's  parents.  Later  they  went  to  Menifee 
county,  Kentucky,  in  1874,  and  that  was  the  home 
until  1885,  when  he  sold  his  large  estate  and  went 
to  Linn  county,  Kansas.  He  farmed  and  worked  at 
the  carpenter  trade,  helping  to  build  the  railroad  shops 
in  Ossawatomie.  In  IQOO  Mr.  Bryant  sold  out  and 
came  to  Central  ridge,  where  some  of  his  children  had 


present 

iiomestead  in  Shoshone  county.  It  is  situated  six 
miles  northeast  from  Orofino,  and  is  a  splendid  piece 
Df  timber  land.  Doubtless  it  contains  a  number  of 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


million  feet  of  fine  lumber,  and  Mr.  Bryant  is  im- 
proving it  in  a  becoming  manner.  During  the  school 
seasons  he  removes  his  family  to  his  residence  in 
Orofino,  where  they  attend  school.  In  1869  Mr.  Bry- 
ant and  his  wife  joined  the  Christian  church,  and  since 
that  time  they  have  journeyed  on  happy  in  the  faith 
that  makes  faithful  and  in  the  spread  of  the  gospel, 
they  have  been  zealous  workers  and  hearty  supporters 
of  the  faith.  It  is  a  coincidence  that  the  birthday  of 
Mr.  Bryant  and  that  of  his  wife  fall  on  the  same  day 
01  the  same  month,  but  he  is  five  vears  her  senior. 


LOUIS  F.  BECHTEL.  To  Louis  Bechtel,  more 
than  to  any  other  one  man,  is  due  the  credit  of  open- 
ing the  country  known  as  the  Big  Meadows  at  the 
forks  of  the  St.'  Marys  river  and  above  that  place.  In 
1886,  at  Hoodoo  mining  camps,  Mr.  Bechtel  heard  of 
the  meadows  through  some  old  prospectors  and  he  im- 
mediately set  out  to  hunt  for  them.  He  came  in  a 
buckboard  to  the  head  of  Santa  creek  and  as  that  was 
the  end  of  the  road,  he  packed  his  animals  and  made 
his  way  to  the  forks  of  the  St.  Marys  and  upon  inves- 
•  tigation,  he  found  it  as  had  been  represented  and  he 
immediately  took  a  squatter's  right.  It  is  the  old  camp- 
ing ground  for  the  Indians  for  many  generations  back. 
They  pastured  their  animals  here  when  they  fished, 
hunted  and  dug  camas.  Mr.  Bechtel  went  to  Palouse 
and  in  company  with  his  mother  and  brother-in-law. 
Mr.  Teats,  he  returned,  bringing  a  mower  and  hay 
rake.  They  had  to  cross  the  river  eighteen  times  and 
ft  required  three  weeks  to  get  from  the  head  of  Santa 
creek  to  their  place.  It  was  thirty,  miles  to  the  near- 
est neighbor,  where  our  subject  and  his  companions 
settled.  His  mother  took  a  claim  and  in  1895  sold  it 
and  went  to  Farmington.  where  she  died  on  July  27, 
1901.'  Mr.  Bechtel  took  a  homestead  as  soon  as  the 
land  was  surve}ed,  and  there  he  resides  at  the  pres- 
ent time,  about  one  and  one-half  miles  down  from 
Clarkia  postoffice.  He  has  devoted  his  energies  to  rais- 
ing stock  and  has  prospered  in  the  endeavor,  being 
now  one  of  the  leading  men  of  this  section,  both  in 
standing  and  in  property  holdings. 

Louis  F.  Bechtel  was  born  in  Sangamon  county, 
Illinois,  on  February  6,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Abra- 
ham and  Rosana  (Burk)  Bechtel.  In  1869  the  family 
came  to  Virginia  City,  Montana,  and  in  1872  they  came 
to  Colfax.  In  1875  our  subject  started  for  himself 
and  he  at  once  returned  to  Virginia  City  and  there 
mined  and  also  in  the  vicinity  of  Sharidon  for  eight 
years.  Then  he  returned  to  Colfax  and  later  to  the 
Hoodoo  region  he  journeyed,  where  he'  received  the 
information  that  led  to  his  finding  his  present  home. 
After  Mr.  Bechtel  had  opened  the  region,  settlers  be- 
gan to  flock  in  and  he  has  seen  the  country  grow  from 
a  wilderness  to  a  settled  and  prosperous  place.  He  has 
always  manifested  an  enterprising  spirit  in  laboring 
for  schools  and  all  improvements. 

On  August  25,  1901,  Mr.  Bechtel  married  Miss" 
Christie  Lay  ton.  who  was  born  in  Marion  county,  Ore- 
gon, on  December  25,  1882.  She  lived  near  Farming- 


ton  most  of  her  life  until  marriage.     Mr.  Bechtel  is  a 

been  registrar  for  this  precinct  for  some  time  and  his 
faithful  labors  have  done  much  for  its  advancement. 


EUGENE  P.  BEARNS  is  proprietor  of  the  Mint 
Hotel,  which  is  well  known  among  the  traveling  peo- 
ple as  one  of  the  first-class  places  to  secure  entertain- 
ment in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  It  is  an  up-to- 
date  hostelry  and  when  Mr.  Beams  finishes  the  new 
structure  that  he  is  now  erecting  he  will  have  one  of 
the  finest  modern  hotels  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
state.  Being  skilled  in  the  hotel  business  and  having 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  every  department,  he  is  in 
shape  to  provide  for  the  public  the  best  entertainment 
to  be  had.  Mrs.  Beams  is  skilled  in  this  business  as 
well  as  her  husband,  and  together  they  are  making  a 
very  gratifying  success  and  the  patronage  that  is  in- 
creasing daily  demonstrates  the  opinion  of  an  appre- 
ciative public  regarding  their  efforts  to  please  and  se- 
cure comfort  for  their  guests. 

Eugene  P.  Beams  was  born  in  Newfoundland,  on 
December  4,  i8fo.  His  parents  were  Thomas  T.  and 
Alice  (Thomas)  Beams,  and  they  live  in  St.  Johns, 
Newfoundland.  The  father  is  a  native  of  England  and 
is  a  wealthy  merchant.  The  mother  was  born  in  New- 
foundland. Our  subject  was  raised  and  educated  in 
his  native  place,  then  came  to  Omaha,  engaged  with 
the  Union  Pacific,  later  came  on  to  Salt  Lake,  op- 
erated as  agent  for  the  Rio  Grande  and  later  traveled 
on  to  California.  Two  years  after  this  he  was  in  Ari- 
zona and  thence  went  to  San  Diego.  He  operated  a 
second-hand  store,  sold  goods  through  the  country  of 
old  Mexico  and  in  the  spring  of  1897  he  came  to  Ward- 
r.er.  He  opened  the  New  York  Kitchen  and  his  tact, 
skill  and  energy  soon  brought  to  him  a"  fine  trade.  He 
sold  out  and  went  to  Spokane  and  sold  dry  goods 
ihrough  the  country.  Finally  he  came  to  Kellogg,  then 
went  to  Butte,  bought  a  lodging  house  and  operated 
it  two  years.  Selling  this,  he  came  to  Wardner  and 
bought  his  present  place.  He  purchased  the  lot  and 
erected  the  building  and  opened  the  Mint  Hotel  and 
Restaurant.  It  has  been  operated  both  on  the  Euro- 
pean and  the  American  plan  and  has  been  favored  with 
a  first-class  patronage,  which  his  untiring  care  de- 
mands. In  all  his  endeavors  since  coming  to  Wardner 
first,  when  he  had  but  little  capital,  Mr.  Beams  has 
been  favored  with  continuous  success  and  he  has  nc 
purchased  the  lot  adjoining  his  present  place  and  is 
erecting  a  building  which  for  comfort  and  conven- 
ience as  a  hotel  will  be  second  to  none  in  the  entire 
Coeur  d'Alene  country.  He  is  handling  a  free  bus  to 
trains  and  caters  to  the  best  trade  that  comes  to  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes.  Mr.  Beams  has  three  brothers  and 
six  sisters :  George  E.,  William,  Thomas. 

In  January,  1895,  while  in  southern  California, 
Mr.  Beams  married  Miss  Mattie,  daughter  of  Samuel 
and  Mary  Cole,  who  dwell  in  southern  California. 
Five  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Beams, 
three  of  whom  are  deceased.  Mr.  Beams  is  a  Demo- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


"93 


crat,  but  not  pressing  for  personal  preferment.  He 
and  his  wife  put  their  whole  attention  to  making  their 
business  a  fine  success  and  they  have  done  so  and  are 
being  favored  with  the  patronage  that  is  deserved  by 
honest  and  skilled  effort  to  please  and  provide  comfort 
for  the  traveling  public. 


JOSIAH  J.  ROBIRTS.  In  the  list  of  those  who 
have  labored  to  open  this  country  for  settlement  and 
the  ingress  of  civilization  should  appear  the  name  of  the 
subject  of  this  article. 

Josiah  T-  Robirts  was  born  in  Macon,  Missouri,  on 
October  22,  1847,  being  the  son  of  William  and  Nancy 
(Brannon)  Robirts,  who  went,  when  this  son  was  an 
infant,  to  Atchison  county.  When  he  was  seven  the 
•  family  removed  to  Otoe  county,  Nebraska,  and  when 
he  was  fifteen  he  started  for  himself.  He  went  to  Ft. 
Leavenworth  and  engaged  to  Moses  Paine  to  drive 
team  for  forty  dollars  per  month.  He  was  in  a  train 
of  thirty-six  wagons  on  the  way  to  Ft.  Union,  New 
Mexico,'  and  all  the  way  the  Indians  fought  them.  At 
one  time  they  were  hemmed  in  for  a  month  and  again 
three  hundred  redskins  attacked  them.  They  found 
one  train  of  Mexicans  who  had  lost  their  cattle  by  the 
Indians  and  one  other  train  which  had  lost  its  mules, 
and  Mr.  Paine  hauled  their  wagons  back  to  Ft.  Lyons. 
Our  subject  loaded  with  corn  to  return.  On  one  oc- 
casion they  were  snowed  in  and  for  five  days  they  did 
not  taste  food,  being  lost.  He  had  three  companions 
in  this  tramp  and  one  of  them,  Neal  Gunn,  recently 
died  in  Oakesdale.  He  freighted  one  year  more  and 
then  went  to  farming  in  Nebraska.  For  six  years  Mr. 
JRobirts  served  as  constable,  then  went  to  Johnson 
county,  Kansas,  whence  he  journeyed  to  Jackson  coun- 
ty, Missouri,  where  he  was  married  to  Barbara  Lindsy. 
they  went  to  Nebraska  and  then  to  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa,  later  to  Omaha.  In  1889  Mrs.  Robirts  died, 
leaving  these  children :  Nancy  A.,  wife  of  E.  L.  String- 
er, of  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company,  of  Chattanooga, 
Tennessee;  PIdwarcl  A.,  also  with  the  same  company 
in  Birmingham,  Alabama.. 

On  April  10,  1896,  Mr.  Robirts  started  from  Ne- 
braska with  teams  and  traveled  westward  to  the  var- 
ious p'aces  and  finally  settled  on  his  present  place, 
near  Clarkia.  He  has  a  good  quarter  section  of  land, 
mostly  hay,  and  he  is  making  first-class  improvements, 
being  one  of  the  substantialmen  of  this  section.  Mr. 
Robirts  packed  supplies  for  the  first  log  drive  on  the 
upper  St.  Marys  and  had  a  hard  job  to  cut  a  trail  along 
the  river  and  through  the  tangled  brush.  He  has 
shown  himself  to  be  a  true  pioneer  and  is  one  of  the 
highly  esteemed  men  of  this  section. 


ROBERT  S.  KELLEY,  at  present  the  popular  and 
excellent  police  judge  of  Wardner,  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  town  and  has  made  a  record  of 
dispensing  justice  without  partiality  and  show  of 
favor  and  is  therefore,  as  well  as  on  account  of  his 


excellent  worth,  integrity  and  sound  principles,  held 
in  high  esteem  by  all  and  it  is  his  happy  lot  to  have  the 
confidence  of  the  people  in  full  measure  and  his  friends 
are  numbered  as  legion. 

Robert  S.  Kelley  was  born  in  Marietta,  Ohio,  on 
March  3,  1858,  being  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary 
( Nichols)  Kelley.  The  father  was  born  in  the  Emer- 
ald Isle,  went  thence  to  Canada  and  from  that  place 
made  his  way  to  the  United  States.  He  served  through 
the  entire  Civil  war  and  demonstrated  his  patriotism 
and  loyalty  to  freedom's  institutions  by  two  enlist- 
ments and  a  faithful  service.  He  was  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Seventeenth  New  York  Volunteers.  He 
died  in  1888.  The  mother  of  Itidge  Kelley  was  born 
in  Brooklyn  and  her  grandfather  was  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, where  he  did  efficient  service  for  the  cause  of  the 
colonies.  Our  subject  was  reared  in  New  York  City 
and  in  other  portions  of  the  state,  and  received  a  good 
common  schooling  and  then  launched  out  in  life's 
battles  for  himself.  He  engaged  in  various  pursuits 
and  in  1879  came  to  Montana.  He  secured  a  wood 
contract,  and  for  eight  years  he  did  well  in  this  busi- 
ness. Then  he  came  to  De  Lamar  and  mined,  and 
in  1892  he  first  landed  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country. 
He  operated  in  the  mines  until  Aprif,  and  at  the  first 
city  election  he  was  chosen  as  police  judge.  He  is 
holding  this  office  at  the  present  time,  and  his  faith- 
fulness in  administering  justice,  his  uprightness,  his 
efficiency,  have  given  entire  satisfaction  to  a  discrimin- 
ating constituency. 

Judge  Kelley  has  one  brother,  a  miner  in  Utah. 
He  has  as  yet  never  embarked  on  the  matrimonial 
sea,  but  is  still  in  possession  of  the  quiet  joys  of  the 
celibatarian.  Judge  Kelley  is  a  member  of  the  Junior 
Order  of  American  Mechanics,  and  is  a  trustee  of  the 
Daughters  of  .America,  and  he  also  belongs  to  the 
Industrial  Union.  Judge  Kelley  is  a  man  of  reserve, 
without  ostentation,  and  manifests  that  quiet,  kind, 
stanch  character  that  wins  and  retains  friends  and  has  a 
substantiality  that  inspires  confidence. 


B.  FI.ATG.  A  genial  and  pleasant  man,  a  good 
citizen,  a  capable  and  substantial  business  man,  an 
old  pioneer  and  one  who  has  known  \Yardner  for' 

business  and  having  been  identified  with  the  interests 
of  the  city  for  all  the  time  since  his  advent,  it  is  fitting 
to  grant  to  Mr.  Flaig  consideration  in  this  volume. 

B.  Flaig  was  born  in  Germany,  on  January  25, 
1852  being  the  son  of  Andrew  and"  Christena  (Staig- 
er)  Flaig/ also  natives  of  Germany,  where  also  they 
remained  until  the  time  of  their  death,  the  father  pass- 
ing away  in  1866.  The  father  was  in  the  war  with 
Denmark  in  1848.  Two  brothers  of  our  subject's 
mother  are  in  the  United  States.  John  is  a  wealthy 
citizen  of  Syracuse,  New  York,  and  Daniel  lives  in 
Seneca  Falls,  in  the  same  state.  Our  subject  was  ed- 
ucated in  Germany  and  there  learned  the  watchmak- 
er's trade.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1879  and 
from  New  York  city  he  went  to  Fredonia,  New  York, 


1 194 


HISTORY  OF  NORTH  IDAHO. 


where  he  worked  in  the  watch  factory.  He  went  to 
Springfield,  Illinois,  inside  of  two  years  and  there 
wrought  about  one  year.  After  this  we  see  him  in  St. 
Paul,  where  he  was  in  business  for  himself  for  several 
years.  His  next  move  was  to  Butte,  Montana,  and  in 
1889  Mr.  Flaig  came  txTWardner.  He  bought  out 
the  only  jewelry  shop  here  and  at  once  opened  a  first- 
class  place  and  since  that  time  he  has  continued  in  the 
prosecution  of  his  present  business  with  gratifying 
success.  Mr.  Flaig  has  won  the  esteem  and  the  respect 
of  all  by  his  geniality,  kind  ways  and  strict  uprightness 
and  ski'll  in  his  business  relations.  Mr.  Flaig  has  one 
brother,  Andrew,  in  western  Africa,  and  one  sister, 
Mrs.  Barbara  Nitz,  in  Minnesota. 

In  1885  Mr.  Flaig  married  Miss  Mary  Sneider, 
whose  parents  were  natives  of  Switzerland  and  now 
live  in  West  Virginia.  Mrs.  Flaig  has  one  brother 
and  one  sister,  Carl.,  a  watchmaker  in  Spokane ;  Mrs. 
Emma  Doyle.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs  Flaig,  Carl  and  Emma.  Mr.  Flaig  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Spokane  No.  16.  He  and  his 
wife  are  devout  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
Mr.  Flaig  is  treasurer  and  cashier  of  the  Government 
Gulch  Mining  Company  and  also  owns  several  claims 
in  the  Pine  creek  district.  Politically  our  subject  is  a 
Democrat  and  has  served  as  delegate  to  the  county 
convention.  In  1891  Mr.  Flaig  erected  a  wooden  busi- 
ness structure  and  in  1893  it  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
He  has  a  good  residence  and  is  prosperous  in  his  busi- 


GEORGE  W.  HARRIS.  Among  the  professional 
men  of  Wardner,  who  have  won  first-class  success  by 
their  efforts  of  close  attention  to  business,  by  their 
skill,  by  their  wisdom  and  by  real  worth  in  professional 
lines,  we  are  glad  to  mention  the  subject  of  this  article, 
who  is  now  handling  a  large  dental  practice  in  Ward- 
ner, while  his  wife,  also  a  skillful  dentist,  is  doing  a 
good  business  in  Kellogg. 

George  W.  Harris  was  born  in  Charleston.  Coles 
county,  Illinois,  on  December  10,  1863,  being  the  son 
of  DeLamar  L.  and  Hannah  (Lajara)  Harris.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  London  and  a  practicing  physi- 
cian. He  was  a  physician  on  a  man  of  war  for  ten 
years  and  is  now  one  of  the  leading  physicians  in 
Charleston,  Illinois.  He  has  been  sheriff  of  his  county 
twice  and  treasurer  once.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  born  in  Madrid,  Spain,  came,  to  the  United  States 
in  1854  and  married  at  New  Orleans.  She  met  Dr. 
Harris  while  he  was  in  the  naval  service.  She  died 
in  1864,  George  W.  being  six  years  old.  Our  subject 
graduated  from  the  high  school  in  his  native  tow;n  and 
then  went  to  the  Northwest  Dental  College  of  Chicago, 
where  he  spent  four  years  in  close  study  and  demon- 
stration. Having  graduated  with  honors,  he  com- 
menced practice  in  Durango,  Colorado,  and  four  years 
later  he  went  to  southern  Utah,  thence  to  Arizona, 
where  he  spent  five  years.  Then  came  the  beginning 
of  a  long  foreign  trip,  which  was  inaugurated  with  a 
journey  to  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  two  years  were 
spent  in  active  practice  in  Buenos  Ayres,  after  which 


Dr.  Harris  went  to  Valparaiso  and  practiced  one  year. 
Then  came  a  journey  from  Chile  to  old  Mexico,  where 
he  practiced  a  time  and  finally  landed  in  the  borders 
of  the  United  States  and  came  through  Arizona  and 
Utah,  practicing  in  various  places  until  1898,  when  he 
came  to  Burke  and  opened  an  office.  Two  years  later 
he  located  in  Wardner  and  since  that  time  he  has  done 
a  fine  practice  and  is  favored  with  the  esteem  and  good 
will  of  all.  Dr.  Harris  has  one  brother  and  two  sis- 
ters :  Layton,  a  physician  in  Cedar  Grove,  Indiana ; 
Mrs.  Delia  Woodfall ;  Mrs.  Maggie  Cochran. 

In  Castlegate,  Utah,  in  November,  1894,  Dr.  Har- 
ris married  Miss  Mabel  L.  Thompson,  whose  father 
is  a  prominent  dentist  in  Salt  Lake  City.  One  child, 
Layton,  aged  seven,  has  been  born  to  this  union.  Dr. 
Harris  is  an  active  Democrat,  was  delegate  to  the  last 
county  convention,  was  sheriff  one  term  in  Gila  county, 
Arizona,  also  probate  judge.  He  is  a  member  of  K.  of 
P.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W.',  the  Eagles,  and  is,  popular  in 
these  circles. 


FRANKLIN  P.  MATCHETTE,  M.  D.,  has  been 
an  active  practititioner  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country 
for  many  years  and  is  doubtless  the  oldest  established 
physician  in  Wardner.  He  devotes  his  attention  exclu- 
sively to  his  private  practice,  not  allowing  that  to  be 
interfered  with  by  hospital  or  outside  work,  although 
formerly  he  did  a  large  amount  of  the  hospital  prac- 
tice. 

Franklin  P.  Matchette  was  born  in  Anderson,  In- 
diana, on  July  4,  1864,  being  the  son  of  James  and 
Sophia  (Hilligoss)  Matchette,  natives  of  Ohio  and  In- 
diana, respectively,  of- French  extraction,  and  now  liv- 
ing at  Wallowa,  Oregon.  Our  subject  was  raised 
principally  in  Butler,  Bates  county,  Missouri,  whither 
his  parents 'went  when  he  was  eight  years  old.  He 
attended  the  high  school  and  in  1881  the  family  came 
across  the  plains  with  a  colony  of  forty  families.  They 
settled  near  Spokane  and  three  years  later  went  to 
Eugene,  Oregon.  Franklin  P.  graduated  from  the 
university  there  in  1886  and  then  at  once  went  to  the 
American  Medical  College  at  St.  Louis,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  with  honors  in  1890.  He 
came  at  once  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  for  one 
year  practiced  with  Dr.  Herrington  in  Wallace.  They 
had  all  the  mining  work  to  do  then,  being  in  charge  of 
Providence  Hospital.  Following  that  year  Dr.  Match- 
ette came  to  Wardner  and  bought  out  Dr.  Warren  N. 
Davis  and  since  that  time  he  has  been  steadily  in  prac- 
tice here.  He  has  a  good  patronage  and  is  a  physician 
of  experience. 

Dr.  Matchette  has  two  brothers  and  three  sisters: 
George  H.,  a  prominent  physician  in  McPherson,  Kan- 
sas, being  retained  by  two  railroads;  Lee,  a  stockman 
in  Wallowa;  Mrs.  Minnie  Storer;  Mrs.  Emma  Betty; 
Mrs.  Sarah  Daniel. 

Dr.  Matchette  has  been  twice  married,  the  first 
time  being  in  Missouri  and  the  lady  America  Borum, 
from  whom  he  has  since  been  divorced.  The  second 
marriage  was  with  Miss  Willetta  Zimmerlee,  whose 
father  is  in  Phoenix,  Oregon,  but  her  mother  is  de- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


"95 


ceased.    Mrs.  Matchette 


s  burned  to  death  on  Ma 


n  May 
e  child, 

Goldie,  was  the  fruit  of  the  first  union,  and  one  child, 
James  M.,  the  issue  of  the  second,  both  being  with 
the  Doctor  at  present.  Dr.  Matchette  has  long  been 
an  Odd  Fellow  and  is  past  noble  grand  of  the  Wardner 
lodge.  He  also  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  ;  of 
the  Eagles  ;  of  the  M.  W.  A.  ;  while  in  political  matters 
he  is  a  Democrat  and  is  frequently  at  the  county  and 
state  conventions. 


DREW  W.  PEEPLES,  a  man  of  sterling  worth 
and  excellent  principles,  whose  integrity  has  been  dem- 
onstrated in  this  district  for  more  than  a  decade,  is 
now  foreman  for  the  Empire  State  mine.  In  this  ca- 
pacity Mr.  Peeples  has  manifested  the  excellent  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  mining,  of  which  he  has  a  large 
fund,  has  shown  fine  executive  ability  and  by  his  wise 
methods  has  placed  the  property  in  a  first-class  condi- 
tion. Politically  Mr.  Peeples  is  a  Republican,  and  an 
active  one,  being  central  committeeman  and  was  a  del- 
egate to  the  last  county  convention.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  city  council  and  chairman  of  the  school 
board.  He  has  won  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all 
by  uprightness,  good  business  ability,  geniality,  strict- 

by  a  manly  open  walk  at  all  times. 

Referring  to  his  early  history  we  note  that  Drew 
W.  Peeples  was  born  in"  Murray  county,  Georgia,  on 
August  I,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Mortimore  and  Mar- 
garet (Hossler)  Peeples,  natives  of  Georgia.  The  fa- 
ther went  to  California  in  1849  ar»d  was  successful  in 
a  two-years'  placer  mining  'experience  so  that  he  en- 
tered the  commercial  life  on  his  return  to  Georgia. 
At  the  time  of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate 
army  as  first  lieutenant,  under  General  Lee,  and  was 
killed  in  the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge.  He  came 
'from  English  ancestors.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
died  in  1883  and  was  descended  from  Pennsylvania 
Dutch.  Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  academy  and 
remained  in  his  native  place  until  1877,  then  went  to 
Texas,  where  after  the  first  year  he  rode  the  range 
in  that  state  and  in  New  Mexico.  Then  Mr.  Peeples 
took  up  mining  in  New  Mexico  until  1890,  when  he 
came  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and  prospected. 
He  next  accepted  a  position  in  the  Stemwinder  for  a 
few  months,  then  in  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Last  Chance 
until  1895.  Since  1895  he  has  been  with  the  Clark 
Sweeney  syndicate.  For  a  time  he  was  shift  boss  and 
in  1900,  July,  he  was  appointed  foreman  of  the  Empire 
State,  where  he  has  shown  excellent  skill  since  and  is 
now  operating.  Mr.  Peeples  has  three  brothers  and 
one  sister:  Frank,  Heristel,  Mortimore,  Mrs.  Flor- 
ence Holland.  He  also  has  four  half-brothers  and  one 
half-sister:  Edward,  Richard,  John,  James  Hopkins 
and  Jennie  Hopkins. 

On  June  23,  1897,  at  Rossland,  British  Columbia, 
Mr.  Peeples  married  Miss  Goldie  M.,  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Harriet  Davenport,  who  are  now  residing 
in  Wardner.  Mr.  Davenport  is  yard  master  in  the 
Empire  State  and  Mrs.  Peeples'  brother,  Archie,  is 


shift  boss  in  the  same  mine.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pee- 
ples one  child,  Edna  G.,  has  been  born.  She  is  now 
four  years  old.  Mr.  Peeples  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mrs. 'Peeples  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Christian  church  and  with  her  husband  be- 
longs to  the  Rebekahs. 


MARY  E.  TEATS.  Without  doubt  the  subject 
of  this  review  has  done  a  noble  part  in  bringing  about 
the  development  of  the  St.  Marys  country  and  she  is 
deserving  of  especial  mention  in  this  volume. 

Mary  E.  Teats  was  born  in  McLean  county,  Illi- 
nois, on  February  24,  1856,  being  the  daughter  of 
Abraham  and  Rosana  Bechtel.  The  father  enlisted  in 
the  L'nion  army  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  and  served 
four  years,  participating  in  many  battles  and  skir- 
mishes and  then  received  an  honorable  discharge  on 
account  of  disability.  In  about  1870  Mrs.  Teats  came 
with  her  mother  and  two  brothers  to  Virginia  City, 
Montana.  The  father  had  died  on  August  16,  1866. 
On  June  6,  1871,  our  subject  married  Mr.  Phillip  H. 
•  Teats  and  they  soon  came  to  Colfax,  Washington,  then 
removed  to  Farmington  and  in  June,  1889,  she  came 
to  her  present  home  about  three  miles  above  the  forks 
of  the  St.  Marys,  on  the  south  branch.  Mrs.  Teats 
is  postmistress  of  Clarkia.  being  appointed  on  August 
21,  1902.  In  1887  Mr.  Teats  and  the  mother  of  our 
subject  and  one  son  and  one  brother  of  Mrs.  Teats 
came  to  this  section  and  they  had  to  cut  the  road  from 
Santa  creek  to  their  present  home,  it  requiring  three 
weeks  to  make  the  trip.  Mrs.  Teats  has  had  much 
hardship  to  endure  and  has  done  a  great  deal  of  trying 
and  hard  work  to  open  this  country  and  she  is  to  be 
credited  with  real  pioneer  courage  and  spirit.  Her 
mother  was  the  first  white  woman  in  this  section  and 
the  daughter-in-law  of  that  lady  being  the  only  wo- 
man here  when  Mrs.  Teats  came.  Mrs.  Teats  was 
obliged  to  cross  the  St.  Marys  eighteen  times  when 
she  came  in  and  there  were  no  roads,  simply  some 
trails,  in  places  they  had  to  follow  the  river  bed.  Six 
children  have  been  born  to  Mrs.  Teats :  Louis  P.,  of 
Nez  Perces  county,  and  he  has  three  children,  Mary 
Ada,  Margaret  Ann,  Dortha;  John  S.,  deceased; 
George  H.,  of  Shoshone  county,  who  has  one  child, 
Cynthia  Hazel ;  William  T. ;  Mrs.  Rosa  I.  Adams,  of 
Gregg,  Idaho,  who  has  one  child,  Lola ;  Sylvia  E.  It 
is  right  in  this  connection  to  mention  that  Mrs.  Teats 
had  to  freight  her  provisions  from  Farmington  in  the 
early  days  and  this  was  accomplished  with  great  hard- 
ship and  was  indeed  a  trying  ordeal. 


JOEL  DAVENPORT.  The  Empire  State  mine 
finds  a  capable  and  efficient  yard  master  in  the  'person 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  he  is  one  of  the  relia- 
ble, highly  esteemed  and  industrious  citizens  of  Ward- 
ler. 

Joel  Davenport  was  born  in  Indianapolis,  on  June 
[O,  1843.  His  father,  Martin  Davenport,  was  a  na- 


1196 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


tive  of  North  Carolina  and  raised  in  Ohio.  The  pa- 
ternal grandfather  of  our  subject  was  a  large  planter 
.and  during  the  time  of  the  Revolution  he  furnished 
supplies  for  the  American  cause.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  had  ten  thousand  dollars  of  Continental  cur- 
rency, which  he  left  to  his  son,  Martin.  It  was  kept 
in  the  family  until  our  subject  was  born  and  as  it  was 
considered  worthless,  he  used  to  play  with  it,  and  after 
it  was  all  destroyed  and  lost,  congress  passed  a  bill 
redeeming  it.  The  mother  of  our  subject,  Annie 
(Byrkitt)  Davenport,  was  a  native  of  South  Carolina, 
raised  and  married  in  Ohio  and  died  in  the  fall  of 
1872,  aged  seventy-five.  Our  subject  was  reared  and 
•educated  in  Indianapolis,  finishing  the  high  school  and 
studying  in  Butler  Seminary.  When  he  was  sixteen 
the  family  went  to  Kansas  and  there  he  participated 
in  the  struggles  of  the  early  settlers  to  make  Kansas 
-a  free  state.  He  enlisted  in  the  Civil  war  and  was  -with 
the  noted  scout,  General  Jim  Lane,  in  various  capaci- 
ties. In  the  fall  of  1883  Mr.  Davenport  came  to  Seat- 
tle and  there  engaged  in  dairying  for  four  years.  He 
was  in  Portland  and  also  in  Clarke  county,  Washing- 
ton, where  he  followed  real  estate  business  and  general 
merchandising.  Thence  he  migrated  to  Rossland, 
British  Columbia,  and  from  that  point  Mr..  Davenport 
made  his  way  to  Wardner  in  March, .  1898.  He  at 
•once  engaged  with  the  Empire  State  and  has  since  re- 
mained with  that  company. 

On  December  22,  1868,  in  Wyandotte  county,  Kan- 
sas, Mr.  Davenport  married  Miss  Harriet,  daughter 
•of  Daniel  and  Anna  Helin,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
.and  of  German  extraction,  but  now  deceased.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  this  marriage :  Archie  and 
Mrs.  Goldie  M.  Peeples.  Mr.  Davenport  has  three 
brothers  and  two  sisters :  John,  Andrew,  Noah,  Mrs. 
Sarah  Pile,  Mrs.  Pracilla  Milne.  Mrs.  Davenport  has 
the  following  named  brothers  and  sisters:  Christian, 
Daniel,  Andrew.  Samuel,  Mrs.  Jane  Stickney,  Mrs. 
Kate  Pence,  Mr-s.  Sarah  Kerns.  Mr.  Davenport  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  church  and  are 
•of  excellent  standing  in  the  community. 


WARREN  N.  DAVIS,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  earliest 
professional  men  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  has, 
"by  excellent  wisdom  displayed  in  his  practice,  by  faith- 
ful devotion  to  his  patients,  by  an  upright  walk  and 
unswerving  integrity,  placed  himself  high  in  the  es- 
teem of  all  and  won  an  enviable  position  among  both 
the  people  and  his  confreres.  It  is  with  pleasure  that 
we  are  privileged  to  recount  some  of  the  details  of  his 
active  and  useful  life. 

•  Warren  N.  Davis  was  born  in  Quakertown,  Penn- 
sylvania, a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  on  September  25, 
1849,  beilliC  the  son  of  George  W.  and  Sarah  (Mc- 
€omb)  Davis,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father 
was  a  miller  and  operated  a  plant  which  his  father  es- 
tablished over  one  hundred  years  ago.  The  ancestors 
•of  our  subject  came  to  Pennsylvania  with  William 
Penn.  The  mother's  parents  were  of  Scotch  extraction 
and  her  father  served  in  the  war  of  1812.  Warren  N. 


had  two  brothers  in  the  Civil  war,  Cyrus  C.  and  David, 
both  deceased  now.  Cyrus  C.  enlisted  in  Company  B, 
Tenth  Pennsylvania,  was  wounded  at  Gaines  Mill,  on 
account  of  which  he  was  discharged.  Recovering,  he 
organized  a  company  and  went  as  lieutenant  of  it. 
Our  subject  was  raised  in  his  native  town  until  ten, 
then  went  with  the  family  to  Philadelphia.  After 
graduating  from  the  high  school,  he  entered  the  med- 
ical department  of  the  Pennsylvania  University,  where 
he  completed  a  thorough  medical  course  and  on  March 
12,  1872,  graduated  with  honors.  He  immediately 
took  up  practice  in  western  Pennsylvania  and  three 
years  later  he  went  to  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  was 
active  in  his  profession  for  ten  years.  In  1886  he  came 
to  Wardner  and  was  physician  for  the  Bunker 
Hill  and  the  Chance  mines  and  his  practice  took  him 
all  over  the  entire  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  In  1892 
Dr.  Davis  went  to  Portland  and  remained  until  1900, 
when  he  again  came  to  Wardner  and  is  now  devoting 
himself  to  his  private  practice,  being  favored  with  a 
good  patronage.  Dr.  Davis  has  two  brothers  and  one 
sister  living:  Thomas  H.,  James  C.,  Mrs.  Martha  A. 
Finsthwait,  all  in  Pennsylvania. 

On  December  5,  1878,  at  Oregon  City,  Dr.  Davis 
married  Miss  Lillie  M.,  daughter  of  John  and  Louisa 
Barrett.  The  father  was  a  prominent  architect  and 
contractor  but  is  now  deceased.  He  left  a  large  prop- 
erty. The  mother  is  still  living  in  Portland.  Mrs. 
Davis  has  two  sisters,  Minnie,  wife  of  .Henry  Lov- 
eridge,  owner  of  the  Portland  electric  works;  Mrs. 
Wissie  Caftee,  whose  husband  is  a  prominent  politi- 
cian and  contractor.  To  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Davis  one 
daughter  has  been  born,  Luzelle  C.,  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Inter-Ocean  Mining  Company,  whose 
property  is  at  Sumpter  and  their  offices  in  Portland. 
Dr.  Davis  is  a  Democrat,  but  never  accepts  nomination 
for  office. 


JOSEPH  E.  FORTIN,  one  of  the  old  pioneers 
in  this  section,  is  also  the  pioneer  shoemaker  in  Ward- 
ner, since  his  advent  here  has  steadily  pursued  his  vo- 
cation with  excellent  success,  that  which  honest  indus- 
try and  thrift  deserve,  while  his  standing  in  the  com- 
munity is  first  class  and  he  is  among  the  popular  and 
progressive  citizens,  public  minded  and  generous. 

Joseph  E.  Fortin  was  born  in  Quebec,  Canada,  on 
January  15,  1864,  being  the  son  of  August  and  Le- 
onore  (Morroi)  Fortin,  natives  also  of  Quebec.  The 
father  was  killed  in  an  accident  in  1874,  aged  fifty. 
The'  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  lived  to  be 
ninety-four,  had  eight  children  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  had  three  hundred  and  thirty-three  descendants. 
The  Fortins  first  settled  in  Canada  in  1608,  com' 
from  France,  and  they  were  a  long-lived  family,  one 
living  to  be  one  hundred  and  twenty  years  old  and  tw< 
others  lived  to  the  age  of  one  hundred  and  six.  Our 
subject's  brother  now  resides  on  the  old  homestead 
that  has  been  in  the  family  for  nearly  three  hundred 
years ;  the  first  Fortin  took  it  in  1608.  Some  of  the 
ancestors  fought  under  Montcalm  in  the  French-Eng- 
lish wars  of  the;  eighteenth  century.  The  mother 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


of  our  subject  is  still  living  on  the  old  homestead  with 
her  son.  She  comes  from  an  old  Canadian  family, 
prominent  in  early  days.  Our  subject  was  reared  in 
his  native  place  and  there  educated,  also  learning  the 
shoemaker's  trade.  In  1885  he  went  to  Montreal  and 
wrought  at  his  trade,  thence  to  Ottawa,  where  he 
worked  at  it  for  three  years  and  then  he  came  on  to  St. 
Paul  and  six  months  later  to  Butte,  whence  three 
months  later  he  went  to  Phillipsburg,  Montana.  Short- 
ly after  that  he  was  in  Wallace  and  soon  in  Wardner, 
where  he  has  remained  since.  He  does  a  fine  business, 
is  popular  and  capable  and  highly  esteemed  by  all. 
Mr.  Fortin  has  five  brothers  and  two  sisters :  August, 
Stanislas,  Damace.  Severe  Wilfred,  Almina  Teberg, 
Leda,  all  in  Quebec. 

On  June  20,  1889,  at  Ottawa,  Mr.  Fortin  married 
Miss  Agnes,  daughter  of  John  and  Delphine  (Berner) 
McAvoy.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  this  union, 
Ina,  aged  three,  and  Yronne,  aged  eight.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Fortin  are  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church.  Politically  he  is  allied  with  the  Socialists  and 
this  fall  ran  for  county  commissioner  on  that  platform. 


GEORGE  W.  HARRIS  is  the  managing  member 
of  the  firm  of  Harris  Brothers,  druggists  in  Wardner. 
He  is  a  man  of  affability,  uprightness  and  possessed 
of  agreeable  social  qualities,  while  in  business  circles 
he  is  one  of  the  substantial  and  competent  men  of  the 
city.  The  firm  does  a  first-class  business,  handle  their 
trade  with  skill  and  are  very  popular  with  a  large 
patronage. 

George  W.  Harris  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  Illinois, 
on  February  18,  1858,  being  the  son  of  George  C.  and 
Mary  J.  (Finical)  Harris.  The  father  was  a  prom- 
inent physician,  born  in  Emmettsburg,  Maryland,  and 
practiced  actively  for  fifty  years.  He  died  in  Portland, 
Oregon,  in  the  spring  of  1885,  aged  seventy-five.  He 
had  practiced  in  Oregon  for  fifteen  years  and  served 
for  three  years  as  surgeon  of  an  Iowa  regiment  in  the 
Civil  war.  He  resigned  that  position  in  1864  and 
crossed  the  plains  to  California  with  ox  teams.  He 
had  crossed  in  1849  and  mined  in  the  Golden  state  for 
three  years,  making  a  fair  fortune,  upon  which  he  re- 
turned to  Illinois  and  took  up  his  practice  until  the 
war  broke  out.  His  father  was  in  the  war  of  1812  and 
a  native  of  England,  but  fought  for  the  American 
cause.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of 
Minnesota  and  died  at  Pendleton  in  the  spring  of 
1892,  aged  sixty-five.  Her  father  was  of  Pennsylvania 
German  stock  and  her  mother  was  a  native  of  Maine. 
Our  subject  came  with  the  family  to  Oregon  in  1868, 
studied  in  the  public  schools,  at  the  colleges  in  Cor- 
vallis  and  Eugene  and  then  took  a  course  in  Arm- 
strong's Business  College  in  Portland.  He  graduated 
from  this  institution  in  1884  and  then  studied  phar- 
macy, which  he  has  followed  since.  In  1885  he 
opened  a  drug  store  in  Lexington,  Oregon,  and  sold 
out  three  years  later.  Then  he  traveled  for  Frank 
Brothers,  an  implement  house  of  Portland,  three  years, 
after  which  he  was  salesman  in  a  Spokane  drug  store 


for  six  months  ;  in  1890,  came  to  Wallace,  and  one  year 
later  he  came  to  Wardner.  He  worked  in  the  branch, 
•store  of  McNab  &  Livers  and  in  1897  bought  the  es- 
tablishment and  has  since  operated  it  with  his  brother.. 
It  is  the  first  drug  store  in  Wardner  and  in  1901  Har- 
ris Brothers  opened  a  branch  store  in  Kellogg.  Mr. 
Harris  has  one  brother,  Dr.  Fred  L.,  his  partner,  and 
a  popular  physician  of  Wardner.  He  also  has  two- 
sisters,  Mrs.  Fanny  Butler,  whose  husband,  Jay  Butler,^ 
is  one  of  the  faculty  of  the  State  Normal  at  Monmouth, 
Oregon;  Mrs.  Hattie  Hinkle,  at  Independence,  Or- 
egon. 

On  April  17,  1887,  Mr.  Harris  married,  at  Lexing- 
ton, Oregon,  Miss  flattie  Towers,  whose  parents  are 
deceased.  Five  children  have  come  to  bless  this  mar- 
riage: George,  Grover,  Shirley,  Gordon,  Earl,  aged 
fourteen,  twelve,  nine,  six  and  three,  respectively. 
Airs.  Harris, has  one  brother,  George,  and  one  sister,. 
Mrs.  Kate  Stems,  in  Kellogg.  Mr.  Harris  is  a  member 
of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Wardner  Lodge  No.  34;  of  the 
B.  P.  O.  E.,  Coeur  d'Alene  No..  331,  Wallace;  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Wardner  No.  12,  being  past  noble  grand; 
of  the  F.  O.  E..  Wardner  Aerie ;  of  the  K.  P.,  at  Hepp- 
ner,  Oregon ;  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  No.  12,  Wardner. 
Mr.  Harris  is  a  stanch  Democrat  and  for  five  years  he 
was  postmaster  of  Wardner. 


WILLIAM  F.  GODDARD,  a  courteous  and  pop- 
ular resident  of  Wardner  and  head  owner  of  the  large 
gents'  clothing  and  furnishing  establishment  in  that 
city,  which  he  is  operating  with  excellent  success,  hav- 
ing achieved  the  same  by  reason  of  excellent  business 
methods  and  his  deferential  and  uniformly  kind  treat- 
ment of  patrons,  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  and  sub- 
stantial and  public  minded  citizens  of  Wardner  and 
quite  deserving  of  representation  in  the  history  of 
northern  Idaho. 

William  F.  Goddard  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada, 
on  July  4,  1863,  being  the  son  of  Frederick  and  Mary 
(Lamb)  Goddard.  The  father  is  a  native  of  Brighton, 
England,  and  now  is  a  merchant  in  Simcoe,  Ontario. 
The  mother  of  William  F.  was  born  in  Ontario  and 
now  is  at  Simcoe.  Our  subject  was  raised  in  Simcoe 
and  there  received  a  high  school  education  from  the 
excellent  schools  of  Ontario,  graduating  at  the  age  of 
sixteen.  He  clerked  in  a  gents'  furnishing  establish- 
ment there  for  two  years,  then  wrought  in  other  Ca- 
nadian towns  until  1884,  when  he  came  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  where  he  wrought  as  salesman  as  also  in 
The  Dalles  and  several  coast  towns.  In  the  spring  of 
1886  he  went  to  Lewiston  and  in  the  fall  of  1887  Mr. 
Goddard  came  to  W'ardner.  He  was  salesman  for  a 
large  concern  for  a  time  and  in  1889  he  opened  a  store 
for  himself.  He  has  made  a  brilliant  success  of  his 
business  and  is  at  the  present  time  carrying  a  stock  of 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  He  has  carried  nearly 
twice  this  amount  while  conducting  branch  establish- 
ments at  Kellogg  and  Silver  King,  but  recently  Mr. 
Goddard  sold  these  and  now  confines  himself  to  the 
Wardner  house.  He  owns  the  one-story  brick  and 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


stone  structure  which  he  erected  in  Kellogg,  also  owns 
the  brick  building  where  he  does  business  in  Wardner, 
a  fine  modern  residence  in  Wardner,  also  several  res- 
idence and  business  structures  which  he  rents.  Mr. 
Goddard  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters:  Andrew, 
J.  Wesley,  Mrs.  David  Gable,  Mrs.  William  McFar- 
land. 

On  January  7,  1883,  at  Tilsonburg,  Ontario,  Mr. 
Goddard  married  Miss  Maggie,  daughter  of  James  and 
Helen  Fumerton,  now  residing  in  Wardner,  the  father 
being  a  mill  man  in  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan.  One 
child  has  been  born  to  this  happy  marriage,  Mabel  A., 
aged  nineteen.  Mrs.  Goddard  and  her  daughter  are 
among  the  leading  ladies  of  society  in  Wardner  and 
they  have  a  beautiful  home,  conducted  with  charming 
grace  and  made  a  center  of  refined  hospitality.  Mr. 
Goddard  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Wardner 
Lodge  No.  34.  He  is  a  strong  Republican  and  is 
chairman  of  the  city  council. 


MERREL  R.  ROBIRTS.  This  enterprising  gen- 
tleman is  proprietor  of  the  Big  Meadow  Hotel  at  the 
forks  of  the  Saint  Marys  river,  and  in  addition  to  the 
business  this  brings  him  he  is  engaged  in  lumber  and 
farm  labors. 

Merrel  R.  Robirts  was  born  in  Sydney,  Iowa,  on 
December  31,  1872,  being  the  son  of  John  J.  and  Cai- 
bela  Robirts.  The  father  crossed  the  plains  to  Wy- 
oming in  1863  and  the  following  year  he  went  to  Ft. 
Minor,  New  Mexico,  and  the  next  year,  1865,  he  was 
in  Denver,  making  the  trip  with  ox  teams.  When  our 
subject  was  a  child  his  parents  settled  in  Nebraska 
City,  Nebraska,  and  soon  after  went  to  Peru,  Nebras- 
ka, where  they  remained  thirteen  years,  where  Merrel 
received  a  good  common  schooling  and  acquired  skill 
on  the  farm.  Then  he  returned  to  Nebraska  City  and 
learned  the  broommaker's  trade,  which  he  followed  in 
different  portions  of  Nebraska.  In  February,  1901, 
Mr.  Robirts  came  to  Tekoa  and  in  the  following  June 
he  was  in  the  St.  Marys  region  in  the  lumber  woods. 
He  assisted  to  bring  the  first  drive  of  logs  down  the 
river  from  the  upper  tributaries.  Then  he  drove  team 
for  the  Phoenix  Mill  Company  of  Spokane  and  in  the 
spring  of  1902  he  bought  eighty  acres  of  meadow, 
where  his  hotel  now  stands.  He  has  a  valuable  place 
and  the  hotel  is  a  good  sized  building,  with  eleven 
sleeping  apartments,  in  addition  to  the  living  rooms. 
He  has  also  a  large  feed  stable  and  other  improvements 
and  manifests  excellent  thrift  and  industry.  Mr.  Rob- 
irts is  a  member  of  the  M.  W.  A.  of  Cornwall,  Idaho. 

On  July  3,  1897,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Amanda 
J...  daughter  of  Peter  and  Mary  Oleson.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Oleson  were  pioneers  of  the  St.  Marys  country  in 
1889,  from  the  vicinity  of  St.  Paul,  Minnesota.  The 
father  was  accidentally  shot  by  a  man  who  was  en- 
deavoring to  shoot  a  dog.  To  our  subject  and  his 
faithful  wife  there  has  been  born  one  child,  Adrain. 

By  way  of  reminiscence  and  to  illustrate  the  trying 
times  of  the  pioneers  and  their  skill  in  meeting  adver- 
sity, a  note  in  reference  to  the  father  of  our  subject  is 


quite  in  place.  He  went  to  the  Palouse  country  from 
the  St.  Marys  region  to  work  for  provisions  and  he  had 
a  couple  of  cayuses.  He  worked  for  the  provisions, 
traded  his  cay  use  for  a  cow,  packed  two  hundred 
pounds  on  the  cow's  back  and  so  made  his  way  back 
home,  and  the  cow  was  none  the  worse  for  the  wear. 


PHILIP   P.   WEBER,  banker,  merchant,   mining 
man  and  property  owner,  is  one  of  the  leading  and 

cashier  and  manager  of  the  Weber  Bank  and  conducts 
the  large  business  of  the  Weber  Brothers,  leading 
financial  concern  of  Wardner. 

Philip  Weber  was  born  in  Ohio,  on  July  27,  1858,  . 
being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  E.  (Wagner)  Weber, 
natives  of  Germany.  The  father  came  to  the  United 
States  in  the  forties,  settled  in  Ohio,  where  he  farmed 
until  August  3,  1898,  the  time  of  his  death,  being  then 
aged  eighty-four.  The  mother  was  married  in  New 
York  state  and  died  in  1872,  aged  fifty-three.  Our 
subject  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  educated  in 
the  public  and  private  schools  and  at  the  age  of  eight- 
een went  to  teaching  school.  Three  years  in  that  call- 
ing and  then  came  three  in  the  grocery  business  in 
Canal  Dover,  Ohio.  Next  he  went  to  Bodie,  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  worked  in  the  quartz  mills  for  a  time 
and  in  March,  1884,  he  was  one  of  the  newcomers  in 
Eagle  City.  July  saw  him  in  Murray,  where  he  erected 
several  buildings  and  then  went  to  Butte,  Montana. 
In  1885  he  burned  the  first  kiln  of  brick  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country,  handling  about  one  half  million. 
When  the  Wardner  excitement  was  on  in  December  he 
came  hither,  this  being  in  1885.  He  conducted  a  real 
estate  office  for  two  years,  also  erected  many  buildings 
and  rented  them.  He  is  an  expert  in  building  and 
owns  many  residence  and  business  structures  all 
through  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country.  In  1887  Mr.  We- 
ber embarked  in  a  general  mercantile  store  in  Burke 
and  sold  the  same  in  1889.  Removing  then  to  Spokane 
he  suffered  from  pneumonia  and  went  thence  to  San 
Diego.  California,  and  eleven  months  later  came  to 
Wardner,  where  he  has  remained  since.  In  1893,  in 
partnership  with  his  brother,  Mr.  Weber  started  his 
present  bank,  being  now  cashier  of  the  institution. 
His  brother  is  president  and  his  nephew,  C.  H.  Wentz, 
is  assistant  cashier.  The  firm  also  owns  a  wholesale 
cigar  and  stationery  store  and  do  a  good  trade.  Mr. 
Weber  has  three  brothers  and  three  sisters:  Charles 
W.,  a  hatter  in  Spokane;  Peter,  liveryman  and  stock- 
man in  Hailey,  Idaho :  John  H.,  in  the  bank ;  Mrs.  C. 
F.  Rudolph,  in  Kellogg:  Mrs.  Valentine  Wentz,  in 
Canal  Dover,  Ohio ;  Barbara,  single,  living  in  Spokane. 
On  December  18,  1888,  at  Spokane,  Mr.  Weber  mar- 
ried Miss  Lucy,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Lydia  Too- 
ney,  of  Canal  Dover,  where  the  father  is  a  large  man- 
ufacturer, but  the  mother  is  deceased.  Mrs.  Weber 
was  born  there.  Mr.  Weber  is  a  member  of  the  Junior 
American  Mechanics,  of  the  Eagles,  of  the  Industrial 
Union,  and  he  and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Daughters 
of  America.  Mr.  Weber  is  prominent  in  politics, 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


being  an  influential  Republican,  always  at  the  county 
conventions  and  lately  at  the  state  conventions,  where 
he  is  a  potent  factor,  but  always  refusing  nomination 
for  himself.  The  firm  own  many  buildings,  are  the 
heaviest  holders  of  Wyoming  stock  and  the  largest 
taxpayers  of  this  district.  Mr.  Weber  is  popular  and 
lias  host  of  friends  and  is  of  the  highest  standing. 


C.  W.  MAYS  is  one  of  the  leading  and  well  known 
mining  men  in  the  Pierce  district  and  it  is  with  pleas- 
ure that  we  incorporate  an  epitome  of  his  career  in 
this  history  of  northern  Idaho.  He  was  born  in 
Starke  county,  Ohio,  on  December  28,  1852,  the  son 
of  Captain  James  and  Josephine  (Grifton)  Mays,  na- 
tives of  Pennsylvania  and  Marseilles,  France,  re- 
spectively. The'father  was  a  veteran  of  both  the  Mex- 
ican and  the  Civil  wars  and  is  now  living  in  Harrison, 
Ohio.  Our  subject  went  with  his  parents  to  San- 
dusky,  Ohio,  in  1865  and  later  to  Chicago  and  in  these 
places  and  in  his  native  place  he  received  his  educa- 
tional training.  In  1876  Mr.  Mays  went  to  Brazil, 
South  America,  as  a  traveling  salesman  and  was  ab- 
sent for  two  years.  When  he  returned  to  Chicago  he 
followed  railroading  there  until  1890.  Next  we  see 
bim  railroading  in  Minnesota  and  in  1894  he  started 
west.  He  arrived  in  Pierce  on  the  fourth  day  of 
March,  1894,  and  since  that  time  he  has  identified  him- 
self with  this  district.  He  went  to  prospecting  at 
once  and  soon  had  located  the  Dollar  Mark  and  the 
Last  Strike,  promising  quartz  claims  which  he  sold 
to  the  Ohio  and  Idaho  company.  He  now  owns 
the  Outlaw,  the  Pirate,  and  Maud  M.  quartz  claims 
which  he  has  discovered  and  developed  since  that  time. 
He  also  owns  a  half  interest  in  the  Ohio  and  Elkhorn 
and  has  two  placer  claims,  the  Sweetheart  and  Sister 
Bell,  both  good  producers.  Mr.  Mays  has  one  sister, 
Belle,  widow  of  L.  Streator,  now  residing  in  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Indiana.  Mr.  Mays  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
P.  and  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  is  active  in 
the  interests  of  the  county,  and  state  and  is  a  man  of 
excellent  qualifications,  and  has  manifested  both  in- 
tegrity and  enterprise  in  his  labors  here. 


JOHN  J.  TONER.  A  jocose  and  genial  per- 
son, a  good  business  man  and  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Toner  Brothers,  general  merchants  of 
Wardner,  one  of  the  earliest  business  men  to  estab- 
lish himself  in  this  camp,  and  now  a  leading  and  sub- 
stantial citizen,  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  incorporate 
a  resume  of  the  career  of  Mr.  Toner.  He  was  born 
in  Illinois,  on  December  29,  1849,  being  the  son  of 
Richard  D.  and  Catherine  (Welsh)  Toner,  natives 
of  the  Emerald  Isle.  Our  subject  was  educated  in 
Minnesota  in  the  common  schools  and  then  taught 
school.  After  this  he  completed  the  high  school  course 
in  Fairbault  and  followed  teaching  more.  He  then 
turned  his  attention  to  other  callings  and  also  rail- 
roaded in  St.  Paul  for  a  year  and  in  1886,  he  came  to 


Wardner  and  joined  his  brother,  David  L.,  and  these 
two,  with  Richard,  who  came  a  few  weeks  later,  opened 
a  general  merchandise  store  and  in  the  management  of 
this  our  subject  has  remained  since.  Mr.  Toner  also 
has  considerable  mining  interest  with  his  brother. 
Politically,  he  is  a  Democrat  but  never  takes  nomina- 
tion or  seeks  preferment.  Mr.  Toner  is  a  member  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  church  and  it  is  his  pleasure  to 
still  enjoy  the  quiet  comforts  of  the  celibatarian.  Mr. 
Toner  is  happily  possessed  of  that  wealth  of  sparkling 
wit  and  humor,  the  legacy  of  his  people,  and  he  is  the 
center  of  a  large  circle  of  admiring  friends. 


HENRY  A.  JONES,  a  prominent  mining  man  of 
Wardner,  is  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country  and  has  operated  in  a  leading  way  in 
various  properties  throughout  the  district.  He  came 
to  Murray  in  the  spring  of  1883,  abandoning  a  re- 
cently taken  ranch  on  the  Mullan  road  'to  join  the 
rush.  A  hundred  or  more  men  camped  on  Prichard's 
ranch,  drawn  thither  by  Prichard's  glowing  reports 
and  as  the  snow  was  deep,  nearly  as  high  as  a  tele- 
graph pole,  it  was  difficult  locating  claims.  Mr. 
Prichard's  piloted  the  company  to  the  vicinity  of  where 
Murray  now  stands  and  our  subject  secured  a  claim 
close  by.  After  working  that  out  and  also  one  at 
Delta,  in  1885,  Mr.  Jones  came  to  Wardner  and  since 
that  time  he  has  constantly  wrought  here  with  the  ex- 
ception of  three  years  in  Alaska.  He  erected  the 
first  lumber  building  in  Wardner,  and  has  been  active 
in  building  since,  owning  much  property  here, 
among  which  are  residences  and  the  American  hotel. 
He  has  also  been  active  in  mining  matters  and  has 
interests  in  many  properties  and  has  promoted  many. 
He  was  one  of  the  original  owners  of  the  Silver  King. 
Fraternally,  Mr.  Jones  is  affiliated  with  the  K.  P., 
being  past  C.  C.  of  Galena  Lodge  No.  12;  with  the 
Lincoln  Lodge  of  Orangemen ;  with  the  Junior  Me- 
chanics; with  the  Washington  Council  No.  i,  the 
first  of  Idaho;  with  the  Daughters  of  America.  Mr. 
Jones  has  never  yet  taken  to  himself  a  wife  and  thus 
is  still  enjoying  the  quiet  charms  of  celibacy. 

Referring  more  particularly  to  his  early  life  and 
his  family,  we  note  that  Henry  A.  Jones  was  born  in 
Medina  county,  Ohio,  on  August  27,  1854,  being 
the  son  of  Russell  A.  and  Catherine  (Woolcott)  Jones. 
The  father  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  his  father  in  Ver- 
mont. The  family  were  among  the  first  to  invade  the 
wilds  of  the  western  reserve  and  were  prominent 
among  Ohio  pioneers.  The  father  of  our  subject  died 
in  1858.  The  mother  of  Henry  A.  was  a  native  of 
Portage  county,  Ohio,  and  had  the  pleasure  of  being 
a  schoolmate  of  the  noted  and  beloved  James  A. 
Garfield.  The  Woolcotts  were  prominent  in  govern- 
ment affairs  in  early  days  and  Oliver  Wolcot,  grand- 
father of  Mrs.  Jones,  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence.  The  name  is  spelled  variously. 
Other  members  of  the  family  were  prominent.  Our 
subject's  paternal  uncle  was  a  brigadier  general  in  the 
confederate  army  and  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Balls 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Bluff.  He  was  a  wealthy  slave  owner.  Our  subject 
was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Ohio,  received  a  fine  edu- 
cation from  the  public  schools,  the  academy,  and  the 
normal  and  gave  nine  years  after  his  graduation  to 
teaching  in  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Iowa  and  Colorado.  Then 
he  went  to  the  Black  Hills  with  a  cattle  outfit  and  in 
1878  he  was  in  Butte  freighting  during  those  flush 
days.  Then  he  spent  one  winter  in  the  vigorous  ex- 
ercise of  hunting  buffalo  and  later  went  to  placer 
mining  in  Quartz  creek  in  Montana.  He  took  a 
claim,  for  agricultural  purposes  near  the  Mullan  road 
in  the  fall  of  1882  and  in  the  following  spring  ab- 
andoned it  to  join  the  rush  for  Murray.  Mr.  Jones 
is  well  known  all  over  the  district  and  is  a  prominent 
man,  highly  esteemed  and  of  unswerving  integrity  and 
real  worth. 


JOHN  C.  EDDY  is  proprietor  of  the  American 
hotel  of  Wardner,  which  he  has  handled  with  such 
skill  that  it  has  come  to  be  one  of  the  popular  resorts 
of  travellers.  He  purchased  the  furnishings  of  the 
house  in  1900,  but  on  January,  1902,  he  devoted  his 
whole  attention  to  it  and  is  now  doing  a  fine  business. 
He  and  his  wife  have  wrought  with  skill  and  thrift 
in  directing  the  various  departments  of  the  house, 
which  is  both  American  and  European,  and  have  been 
rewarded  with  a  gratifying  patronage. 

John  C.  Eddy  was  bo'rn  in  Wyoming  county,  New 
York,  on  September  12,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Edwin 
and  Lorinda  (Blood)  Eddy,  natives  of  New  York 
state.  The  Eddy  family  is  an  old  American  family 
of  English  ancestrage  and  prominent  in  professional 
and  mercantile  life  in  various  sections  of  the  country. 
They  were  patriotic  and  brave,  as  their  faithful  serv- 
ice in  the  Revolution,  war  of  1812,  and  the  Rebellion 
testifies.  In  all  these  conflicts  they  were  the  unfailing 
and  unflinching  supporters  of  the  American  cause  and 
the  government.  Judge  Eddy,  the  father's  brother, 
is  a  prominent  man  in  Los  Angeles  and  a  powerful 
political  orator.  The  mother  of  our  subject  came  from 
a  leading  New  England  family  and  her  brother,  Moses, 
was  in  high  official  circles  in  governmental  affairs. 
The  parents  of  our  subject  still  live  in  New  York  and 
have  recently  celebrated  their  golden  wedding.  Our 
subject  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  place  and 
came  to  Nebraska  when  twenty-one.  He  rode  the 
range  there  and  in  Wyoming  for  one  concern  for  many 
years,  then  engaged  with  the  government  in  inspection 
of  surveys,  then  wrought  in  the  mines  in  Colorado,  was 
in  Butte,  later  in  Buffalo  Hump  country,  at  Spokane 
and  in  the  various  districts  adjacent  thereto,  includ- 
ing British  Columbia  and  finally  he  halted  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  country.  He  has  wrought  in  the  Em- 
pire State  mine  and  in  January,  1902,  left  that  for 
his  hotel.  Mrs.  Eddy  had  operated  the  house  from 
1900  to  the  time  he  quit  the  mine  and  since  then  they 
have  both  given  their  attention  to  its  oversight  and 
direction.  Mr.  Eddy  has  two  brothers,  Lewis  W., 
Frank  E. 

On  April  2,  1898,  at  Idaho  Springs,  Colorado,  Mr. 
Eddy  married  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Frederick  and 


Minnie  Bertram,  natives  of  Germany.     Mr.  Eddy  is- 
a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  of  the  Wardner  In- 
dustrial Union,  and  the  F.  O.  E.,  all  in  Wardner.    He 
is  a  Republican  and  although  not  specially  active  he  ' 
has   been   chosen   as   delegate  to  the  county  conven- 


RICHARD  T.  TONER,  of  the  well  known  firm 
of  Toner  Brothers,  general  merchants  of  Wardner, 
is  a  man  of  sterling  worth  and  excellent  business  quali- 
fications and  is  one  of  the  popular  and  leading  men 
of  the  town.  Mentioning  the  details  of  his  career,  we 
note  that  he  was  born  in  Winona,  Minnesota,  on  April 
15,  1858.  His  parents,  Richard  D.  and  Catherine 
(Welsh)  Toner,  were  natives  of  Ireland.  The  father 
came  to  the  United  States  in  the  forties  and  died  in 
Minnesota  in  1878,  aged  sixty-five.  The  mother  was 
married  in  the  United  States  and  died  in  Minnesota 
in  1886,  aged  sixty-eight.  Our  subject  was  reared  on 
his  father's  farm  in  Minnesota  and  educated  in  the 
public  schools.  When  nineteen  he  went  to  Montana 
where  he  engaged  variously  for  ten  years.  In  1886 
he  came  to  Wardner,  whither  his  brothers,  John  and 
David  L.,  had  preceded  him  a  few  weeks  and  had 
opened  a  general  merchandise  establishment,  our  sub- 
ject being  one  of  the  partners.  When  this  store  was- 
started  there  were  two  others,  but  they  removed  later 
so  this  is  the  oldest  general  merchandise  establishment 
in  the  town.  They  were  pioneers  and  very  little  of  the 
present  town  of  Wardner  was  then  existing.  In  1888 
on  account  of  the  failing  health  of  David,  the  other  two- 
brothers  bought  his  interest  and  they  continue  in  the 
management  of  the  establishment  until  this  date.  Our 
subject  has  three  brothers  and  two  sisters,  David,  a 
merchant  and  mining  man  in  Chewelah,  Washington ; 
Charles,  a  contractor  in  the  east;  John,  his  present 
partner,  and  the  eldest;  Mercy  A.  Davidson,  in  Clo- 
ciuett,  Minnesota;  Kate,  living  with  our  subject. 

At  Spokane,  in  1892,  Mr.  Toner  married  Miss 
Isabel,  daughter  of  James  and  Sarah  Keenan,  who 
reside  in  Ireland.  Two  children  have  been  born  to 
this  union,  Catherine,  aged  seven;  Richard  J.,  aged 
five.  Mrs.  Toner  is  a  native  of  Ireland  and  has  one 
sister,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Devlin,  at  Silver  King,  Idaho. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Toner  are  faithful  members  of  the  Cath- 
olic church.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  is  frequently  a 
delegate  to  the  county  convention  but  always  refuses 
nomination  for  office.  Mr.  Toner  was  chairman  of 
the  school  trustees  and  rendered  excellent  service.  In 
addition  to  his  mercantile  interests,  Mr.  Toner  owns 
an  interest  in  the  Blackhawk  and  Wyoming  mines  and 
also  in  numerous  undeveloped  properties. 


HEENEN  J.  ROGERS.  The  popular  O.  K.  bar- 
ber shop  needs  no  introduction  to  the  people  of  Wal- 
lace nor  does  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  is  the  pro- 
prietor in  partnership  with  Edward  O.  Herring, 
since  he  is  well  known  and  of  good  standing.  The 
shop  is  the  finest  in  Wallace,  has  the  best  baths  with 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


excellent  porcelain  tubs  and  is  granted  a  first-class 
patronage  which  its  excellent  management  deserves. 
Heenen  J.  Rogers  was  born  in  McGregor,  Iowa, 
on  September  9,  1861,  being  the  son  of  Jabez  S.  and 
Sarah  (Reeves)  Rogers,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Wis- 
consin, respectively,  and  now  deceased.  They  both 
came  from  old  American  families  and  the  father  served 
.  in  the  Twenty-first  Iowa  Infantry  for  three  years  and 
three  months.  Our  subject  was  reared  and  educated 
in  his  native  place  and  when  fifteen  went  to  work  in 
a  shingle  mill.  He  went  to  contracting  in  this  busi- 
ness later  and  remained  until  1884,  when  he  went  to 
South  Chippewa,  Wisconsin,  and  opened  a  barber 
shop.  His  skill  had  been  gained  in  shaving  the  mill 
men  and  from  the  first  he  did  well  in  the  shop.  On 
December  23,  1885,  he  arrived  in  Minneapolis  and 
worked  in  a  barber  shop  for  two  years.  Then  he  took 
a  position  with  the  Minnesota  harvester  works  and 
later  operated  as  trainman  on  the  Chicago  &  Milwau- 
kee. In  1890  we  see  him  in  his  art  in  Butte,  Montana, 
and  on  January  12,  1891,  he  landed  in  Wallace.  He 
wrought  at  his  trade  for  two  years  and  in  1893  he 
bought  an  interest  in  the  O.  K.  shop,  which  he  and  his 
partner  are  now  conducting  in  a  successful  manner. 
Mr.  Rogers  has  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  Charles 
F.,  Edith  M.  Ford,  Eva  M.  Dressel. 

On  August  15,  1885,  at  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  Mr. 
Rogers  married  Miss  Sarah  J.  King,  whose  parents 
dwell  in  Mansion,  Wisconsin.  Mrs.  Rogers  has  three 
brothers  and  three  sisters,  Peter  J.,  William,  Patrick, 
Mary  Galagher,  Eliza  and  Martha.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rogers,  James  F. 
and  Verna  R.  Mr.  Rogers  is  a  member  of  the  B. 
P.  O.  E.,  and  the  K.  O.  T.  M.  He  is  an  active  Repub- 
lican and  wields  a  good  influence  in  the  campaigns. 


RICHARD  DAXON  is  heavily  interested  in  min- 
ing properties  both  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country  and 
elsewhere  and  is  prominenl  in  mining  circles.  He  is 
president  of  the  Tarbox  Mining  Company  of  Saltese, 
Montana ;  is  treasurer  of  the  Little  Chief  Mining  Com- 
pany, at  Mullan ;  and  is  also  interested  in  many  others. 

Richard  Daxon  was  born  in  Rock  Island,'  Illinois, 
on  July  7,  1859,  being  the  son  of  Pierce  and  Margaret 
(Hynes),  Daxon,  natives  of  Ireland,  now  living  in 
Girard,  Kansas.  The  father  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Forty-sevenlh  Illinois  Infantry  and  for  many  years 
was  juslice  of  the  peace  and  assessor  in  Kansas.  Our 
subject  went  with  the  family  to  Kansas  when  he  was 
eleven  and  he  oblained  his  education  from  the  public 
schools.  In  1879  he  went  to  Colorado  and  mined  and 
in  1883  we  see  him  at  Thompson  Falls,  Montana, 
where,  with  his  brolher,  he  operated  a  saloon.  He 
came  to  Murray  in  the  time  of  the  excitement  and 
opened  the  Palace  hotel.  He  sold  that  in  the  spring 
of  1886  and  prospected  and  in  the  fall  of  1888  he  and 
his  brother  opened  a  saloon  in  Mullan.  In  1894  he 
sold  to  his  brother  and  Air.  Daxon  went  into  business 
in  Wardner.  In  the  spring  of  1895  he  came  to  Wallace 
and  opened  the  Coliseum,  which  he  sold  seven  years 


later  and  is  now  operating  the  Sunset  beer  hall.  Mr. 
Daxon  is  one  of  the  old  timers  and  is  well  acquainted 
with  all  the  early  prospectors  and  is  informed  as  to 
the  various  properties  in  this  district.  Mr.  Daxon  has 
two  brothers,  William,  a  large  property  holder  in  Mul- 
lan ;  James,  a  farmer  in  Kansas.  Mr.  Daxon  and  his 
brother,  William,  have  a  fine  farm  of  two  hundred 
and  forty  acres  in  Kansas,  which  they  rent. 

On  July  i,  1900,  Mr.  Daxon  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  August  and  Elizabeth  Yeager,  re- 
siding at  Fletcher,  Idaho.  Mrs.  Daxon  has  the  fol- 
lowing brothers  and  sisters,  August,  in  business  in 
the  Philippines;  Christena,  whose  husband,  Fred  In- 
man,  is  engineer  in  the  Sunsel  brewery ;  Laura,  a  school 
girl ;  Emily  Goelz,  in  New  York ;  Anna  Smith,  whose 
husband  is  with  Stewart  &  Welch,  railroad  contract- 
ors in  Spokane;  Emma,  a  school  girl.  Mr.  Daxon  is 
a  member  of  the  F.  O.  E.,  Wallace  Aerie,  No.  54 ;  of 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  Court,  No.  9,  Foresters  of  America ; 
Lakota  Tribe,  No.  13,  I.  O.  R.  M. 


FRANK  F.  JOHNSON.  Without  peradventure 
the  financial  institutions  of  our  land  exert  Ihe  most 
potent  influence  upon  the  country  as  to  its  standing,  its 
progress,  and  its  prosperity.  Hence  it  is  that  public 
sentiment  demands  that  men  of  the  finest  ability  and 
unswerving  integrity  and  inlrinsic  worth  be  at  Ihe 
head  of  Ihese  institutions.  The  gentleman  of  whom 
we  now  have  the  pleasure  of  speaking  is  and  has  been 
for  years  among  the  most  subslantial  of  banking  men 
in  the  northwest  and  the  magnificant  growth  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Wallace,  at  the  head  of  which 
he  stands,  being  president  and  prominent  stockholder, 
demonstrates  without  uncertainty  his  ability  in  the  fi- 
nancial world.  He  has  built  up  an  institution  here 
that  has  the  perfect  confidence  of  the  entire  Coeur 
d'Alene  country,  which  stands  high  among  the  bank- 
ing institutions  of  the  northwest,  and  that  does  an  en- 
ormous business.  A  detailed  account  of  Mr.  John- 
son's career  will  form  an  important  part  of  Shoshone 
county  history  and  therefore  we  append  the  same. 

Frank  F.  Johnson  was  born  in  Shawano,  Wiscon- 
sin, on  November  15,  1862,  being  the  son  of  Albert  and 
Elizabeth  S.  (Fisk)  Johnson.  The  father  was  a  native 
of  Massachusetts  and  came  from  a  prominent  and  old 
New  England  family.  The  mother  was  born  in  Wis- 
consin but  also  descended  from  a  leading  New  Eng- 
land family  in  colonial  days.  Frank  F.  was  reared  in 
Colorado,  whence  his  family  went  when  he  was  five 
years  old.  After  a  thorough  high  school  course  in 
Denver,  he  .went  to  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology  and  there  took  a  course  in  mining  engi- 
neering. Following  this,  Mr.  Johnson  was  engaged  in 
government  land  surveys  for  two  years  and  then  took 
up  the  cattle  business  with  his  father  for  two  years.  It 
was  1887  that  he  came  to  Murray,  where  for  two  and 
one-half  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  bank.  Then 
Mr.  Johnson  opened  the  Bank  of  North  Idaho  and  in 
1892  he  organized  the  First  National  Bank  of  Wallace 
and  since  that  date  he  has  been  at  the  head  of  the  in- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


stitution.  Mr.  Johnson  has  one  sister,  Mrs.  Annie  R.-,' 
wife  of  Dr.  W.  A.  Jones,  a  leading  physician  in  Minne- 
apolis. 

On  April  17,  1888,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Miss  Ma- 
rie L.  -Gieson,  in  Colorado.  Her  father  is  a  retired 
farmer  in  Wisconsin  and  her  mother  is  deceased.  To 
this  happy  union  three  children  have  been  born :  Al- 
bert D.,  Clara  L.,  Ellsworth  E.  Fraternally  Mr.  John- 
son is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Shoshone 
Lodge  No.  25 :  with  the  Wallace  Chapter  No.  9,  of  the 
R.  A.  M.;  with  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Commandery  of 
K.  T.;  with  the  B.  P.  O.  E.,  Coeur  d'Alene  Lodge 
No.  331.  Politically  he  is  allied  with  the  Republicans 
and  in  1891-2  he  held  the  important  office  of  treas- 
urer of  Shoshone  county.  Mr.  Johnson  has  given  of  his 
time  in  the  city  counci'l  for  four  years  and  has  aided 
by  excellent  sagacity  and  shrewd  business  ability  to 
place  its  affairs  in  good  shape.  In  addition  to  all 
these  matters  mentioned,  Mr.  Johnson  was  a  moving 
spirit  in  furnishing  the  city  with  its  excellent  system 
of  lights  and  water.  He  and  his  associates  bought 
in  the  stock  of  the  Wallace  Manufacturing,  Electric 
&  Water  Company,  reorganized  matters,  placed  all  in 
good  shape  and  sold  to  the  present  company,  and  Mr. 
Tohnson  is  retained  in  the  responsible  position  of  pres- 
ident. He  is  also  president  of  the  Shoshone  Club  and 
an  active  member  of  the  board  of  trade,  all  of  which 
profit  much  by  his  wisdom  and  executive  ability.  In 
social  circles  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  are  leader's  and 
are  the  center  of  a  large  circle  of  admiring  friends. 
Their  pleasant  home  is  a  center  of  refined  hospitality 
and  is  presided  over  with  grace  and  dignity  by  his 
charming  wife,  while  Mr.  Johnson,  by  his '  pleasant 
ways,  kind  treatment  of  all,  integrity  and  sound  prin- 
ciples, has  placed  himself  in  a  very  enviable  position  in 
the  city  and  wherever  he  is  known. 


THEODORE  F.  JAMESON.  The  gentleman  of 
whom  we  now  speak  is  not  only  one  of  the  oldest  pio- 
neers in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  but  is  a  thorough 
pioneer  in  every  sense  of  the  word  and  well  acquainted 
with  the  various  districts  of  the  mining  part  of  the 
United  States  and  especially  the  northwest  and  has 
had  great  experiences  in  his  career  on  the  frontier. 
He  is  a  man  of  geniality  and  affability  and  is  now  con- 
ducting a  resort  which  is  headquarters  for  the  old 
timers  of  the  country  and  his  place  is  well  known  all 
over  this  part  of  the  state.  "Mr.  Jameson  has  a  good 
bar,  always  stocked'  with  fine  liquors,  operates  a  neat 
and  quiet  billiard  hall,  and  has  his  place  embellished 
with  valuable  curios  and  collections  of  minerals. 

Theodore  F.  Jameson  was  born  in  Paris,  Kentucky, 
on  November  3,  1843,  being  the  son  of  William  W.  and 
Nancy  (Luckie)  Jameson,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The 
father  died  in  1853.  Both  the  families  are  of'old  co- 
lonial fame  and  stanch  American  sentiment.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  when 
he  was  sixteen  the  family  went  to  Missouri.  He  re- 
mained on  a  farm  with  his  parents  until  he  was  twenty 
and  then  in  1870  we  find  him  in~San  Francisco  and  the 


next  year  in  Pioche,  Nevada:  In  1878  Mr.  Jameson 
went  to  Leadville  and  there  and  in  Rosita  he  engaged 
in  the  liquor  business.  In  1878  we  see  him  in  the  fa- 
mous Black  Hills  of  South  Dakota  and  in  1881  he  went 
to  the  Wood  river  country,  Idaho.  In  the  fall  of 
1883  he  was  in  Walla  Walla,  and  in  February,  1884, 
Mr.  Jameson  came  to  Eagle  City,  Idaho.  A  few  weeks 
later  he  went  to  Murray  and  opened  a  saloon.  •  This  he 
conducted  until  1886,  when  a  move  was  made  to  Ward- 
ner,  whence  he  came  to  Wallace  in  1889.  He  then  opened 
his  present  place  and  has  since  given  himself  to  his 
business.  He  is  located  near  the  business  center  of  the 
city  and  his  place  is  orderly  and  neatly  equipped.  Mr. 
Jameson  has  no  brothers  and  but  one  sister,  Mrs.  M.  J. 
Cluster,  of  Mexico,  Missouri.  Mr.  Jameson  is  a  wid- 
ower and  has  no  children.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Eagles,  being  treasurer  of  Wallace  Aerie  No.  54.  He 
is  an  active  member  of  the  board  of  trade  and  a  pro- 
gressive citizen  who  stands  well. 


ABRAHAM  P.' HORTON  was  born  in  Canada 
about  1856  and  was  raised  in  New  York  state.  He 
first  started  for  himself  in  1870  and  had  an  experience 
of  losing  his  money  on  another  man's  game  in  the  great 
city  and  he  returned  to  peel  hemlock  bark  for  another 
start.  Later  he  went  to  Ontario  and  in  a  short  time 
was  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  whence  he  went  to  the 
Black  Hills  in  1875,  having  trouble  with  the  Sioux 
Indians.  He  spent  several  years  digging  gold,  con- 
tracting in  the  mines  and  returned  to  Bismarck  and 
piloted  a  train  over  to  the  Black  Hills,  being  chosen 
captain.  In  1880  he  fell  eighty-seven  feet  in  the  King 
Solomon  mine,  and  it  took  him  a  year  to  get  over  the 
effects  of  the  accident.  In  1881  Mr.  Horton  went  to 
Alaska  and  after  great  hardships  returned  to  Tacoma, 
whence  he  went  again  to  the  Black  Hills.  In  1883  we 
find  him  in  the  Wood  river  country  and  at  the  time  of 
the  rush  to  Murray  he  was  on  the  crest  of  the  wave 
and  found  good  diggings.  He  was  also  in  the  Big 
Horn  country  in  1877,  but  found  no  prospects  worth 
opening.  In  1893  Mr.  Horton  went  to  the  World's 
Fair  and  also  made  a  visit  to  his  old  home  and  returned 
to  the  mines  again  and  since  that  time  has  been  active 
in  the  various  interests  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country. 
He  is  well  known  and  a  pioneer,  having  been  connected 
with  various  properties. 


JAMES  M.  ADDLE  is  a  well  known  attorney  at 
law  in  Wallace,  where  he  has  practiced  steadily  since 
he  came  to  the  city  in  1900.  Shortly  after  his  arrival 
he  was  nominated  for  county  attorney  and  failed  by 
only  fifty-three  votes  to  carry  the  day,  being  on  the 
Democratic  ticket.  He  is  active  in  political  matters 
and  is  of  the  old  Jeffersonian  stamp. 

James  M.  Addle  was  born  in  Meadville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  October  8,  1851,  being  the  son  of  Amandus 
and  Margaret  (Shartle)  Addle,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  the  father  is  living  in  Meadville  now.  He 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1203 


served  in  Company  H,  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh 
Pennsylvania  Infantry,  under  Colonel  Kane.  The  pa- 
ternal grandfather  of  James  M.  was  a  patriot  in  the 
Revolution.  The  mother  of  our  subject  came  from  an 
old  German  family  and  her  father  fought  for  the  Amer- 
ican cause  in  the  war  of  1812.  She  died  in  1893  at 
Meadville,  aged  eighty-six.  James  M.  was  raised  in 
his  native  town  and  was  educated  in  Allegheny  College 
there  situated.  Thence  he  went  to  Texas,  read  law, 
rode  the  range  in  that  state  and  in  New  Mexico  and  in 
April,  1874,  "in  Texas,  he  was  admitted  to  the  practice 
of  law.  He  practiced  there  some  and  a  few  years 
later  we  find  him  in  the  profession  in  Great  Falls,  Mon- 
tana, whence  he  went  to  the  Cripple  Creek  district  in 
Colorado  and  practiced  and  did  a  mining  business  and 
in  1896  Mr.  Addle  returned  to  Texas,  in  which  state 
and  in  Utah,  Wyoming  and  Arizona  he  traveled  and 
did  business.  In  1898  he  enlisted  in  the  Rough  Riders, 
went  to  Florida  and  after  discharge  he  returned  to 
practice  and  in  1900  he  came  to  Wallace.  In  the  in- 
tervening time  Mr.  Addle  has  given  himself  to  the 
practice  and  handling  of  mining  business. 

On  May  5,  1873,  Mr.  Addle  married  Miss  Clara 
O'Brien,  of  Franklin,  Pennsylvania.  Her  parents,  An- 
thony and  Sarah  O'Brien,  are  now  deceased.  Her  fa- 
"ther  was  a.  prominent  man  and  was  sheriff  off  and  on 
in  Armstrong  county,  Pennsylvania,  for  forty  years. 
One  child  has  been  born  to  this  union,  Maude,  single. 
Mr.  Addle  is  a  member  of  the  K.  P.,  Manila  Lodge 
No.  13,  in  Wyoming,  and  he  is  past  C.  C. ;  of  the  La- 
kota  Tribe  of  I.  O.  R.  M.,  being  past  sachem. 


JESSE  W.  TABOR  is  a  prominent  one  of  the  old 
pioneers  who  came  with  the  first  influx  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  country  and  has  made  this  his  home  since  that 
time.  He  is  also  a  leading  business  man  and  an  in- 
fluential citizen  of  Wallace,  handling  at  the  present 


in  the  Holohan  and  Mc- 

rries  a  choice  stock  of  sta- 

cigars and  so  forth  and 


time  a  large  establish 
Kinley  building,  where 
tionery,  books,  toys,  novelties 
does  a  first-class  business. 

Jesse  W.  Tabor  was  born  in  Kentucky,  on  June 
24,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Henry  and  Anna  (Meri- 
dith)  Tabor,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father's  an- 
cestors came  from  Virginia  and  he  died  in  1862.  The 
mother  of  our  subject  came  from  a  prominent  and  old 
southern  family  and  two  of  her  brothers  fought  with 
the  Union  army.  Two  brothers  of  our  subject's  fa- 
ther served  in  the  Union  army,  although  the  family 
held  slaves.  Jesse  W.  was  reared  and  educated  in  Ken- 
tucky and  when  eighteen  went  to  Texas  with  his  step- 
father and  mother  and  the  balance  of  the  family.  The 
stepfather  died  soon  after  landing  there  and  the  mother 
the  next  year.  Our  subject  took  charge  of  the  farm 
and  held  the  family  together  until  his  sister  married 
and  then  he  went  to  high  school  for  nearly  two  years, 
after  which  he  opened  a  feed  corral  in  Dallas  and  then 
mined  in  Colorado.  In  January,  1884,  Mr.  Tabor  came 
to  Eagle  City,  did  some  building,  prospected  and  in 
June,  1885,  went  to  work  on  the  Tiger.  In  1887  we 
find  him  in  the  Bell  mine  and  the  next  year  he  was  in 
a  grocery  in  Burke.  It  was  in  1889  that  Mr.  Tabor 
came  to  Wallace  and  opened  his  present  business  and 
snce  that  time  he  has  been  eminently  successful  and  is 
favored  with  a  fine  patronage.  Mr.  Tabor  has  one 
brother  and  one  sister,  James  and  Lizzie  Pinson. 

On  January  23,  1894,  Mr.  Tabor  married  Miss 
Catherine  Robertson,  whose  parents  are  natives  of  and 
reside  in  Scotland.  Mrs.  Tabor  has  one  sister,  Mag- 
gie, in  Spokane.  -Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Tabor,  George  and  Catherine.  Mr.  Tabor 
is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Slioshone  Lodge 
No.  25  :  with  the  Lewiston  Consistory  No.  i  ,  of  the 
Thirty-second  degree  Scottish  rite;  El  Katif,  Mystic 
Shrine,  in  Spokane  ;  with  the  B.  P.  O.  E.,.  Coeur 
d'Alene  Lodge  No.  331  ;  and  with  the  K.  of  T.  M..  Sil- 
ver Tent  No.  3,  at  Wallace. 


ADDENDA 


CHAPTER    I. 


THE  PRESS  OF  NORTH  IDAHO. 


There  has  been  no  more  potent  factor-  in  the  de- 
velopment of  northern  Idaho  than  its  press — its  news- 
papers. With  unswerving  faith  and  tireless  zeal  they 
have  labored  for  the  settlement  and  advancement 
of  this  region,  ever  enthusiastic,  never  weary  of  ad- 
vertising the  region's  wonderful  resources  and  possi- 
bilities. Who  can  gainsay  the  fact  that  north  Idaho 
owes  to  its  press  and  the  neighboring  press  in  other 
states  a  debt  of  gratitude  which  it  can  never  repay? 
The  press  has  been  the  key  that  has  unlocked  the  treas- 
ure vaults  of  northern  Idaho  and  exposed  their  contents 
to  the  world,  conveying  the  information  to  the  people 
of  other  states  and  lands,  drawing  them  hither.  They 
read,  they  came,  they  have  stayed,  they  have  brought 
their  friends.  No  other  human  agency  could  have 
achieved  such  a  triumph  as  has  the  press  in  this  civi- 
lizing work.  At  home  the  disheartened,  the  discour- 
aged, the  faltering,  the  unseeing  have  been  filled  with 
new  life,  with  enthusiasm.  The  film  has  been  plucked 
from  their  eyes  and  the  glories  and  opportunities  of 
the  state  revealed  to  them.  By  means  of  the  press 
the  individuals,  the  communities  that  make  up  the 
country,  have  been  kept  in  close  touch  with  one  an- 
other with  the  natural  result — encouragement,  new 
ideas,  new  life,  co-operation. 

•Like  most  other  benefactions,  however,  the  press 
Is  not  appreciated  by  the  masses.  Because  its  powers 
have  been  abused  by  unscrupulous,  selfish  individuals 
and  corporations,  the  press  is  condemned:  because  it 
strikes  from  the  shoulder  without  fear  it  is  branded  as 
harsh  and  unfeeling;  because  it  holds  up  to  the  world 
a  mirror  reflecting  the  wickedness  of  humanity  it  is 
abused  as  vile.  Its  faults,  to  be  sure,  are  many,  but 
they,  should  not  be  allowed  to  blind  us  to  its  numerous 
virtues,  its  true  worth. 

To  the  Golden  Age  belongs  the  honor  of  pioneer- 
ship  in  north  Idaho  journalism.  In  fact,  it  is  believed 
that  the  Golden  Age  was  the  first  newspaper  published 
in  the  interior  Northwest.  Lewiston  was  its  home, 


•f  that 


and  August  2,  1862,  the  date  of  its  birth.     It  lived  in 
a  golden  age,  indeed,  for  the  Idaho  mines  were  then  in 
the  zenith  of  their  producing  powers.     A.  S.  Gould 
possesses  the  distinction  of  having  been  the  founder 
and  editor  of  this  pioneer  paper.     He  was  attracted 
to  rhe  bustling  city  of  Lewiston  by  the  mining  excite- 
ment which  prevailed  in  1862.     Mr.  Gould,  we  learn, 
remained  with  his  paper  only  a  year,  being  succeeded 
by   John  H.    Scranton   the   following  August.   Then 
j  Frank  Kenyon  assumed  charge.     But  the  gold  seekers 
evidently  did  not  give  the  paper  their  support,  for  the 
j  little   sheet  finally  suspended  publication   in  January. 
I  1865.    Ultimately  the  plant  was  removed  to  Boise. 

But  the  field  did  not  long  remain  vacant,  now  *' 
j  the  path  was  broken,  for  during  the  summer  of  ] 
\  the  Radiator  was  established  at  Lewiston  by  Thomas 
Favourite.  It  was  a  four-page  paper,  independent 
I  in  politics.  It  was  published  until  the  spring  of  1866, 
;  when  a  mining  excitement  in  Montana  induced  Mr. 
Favourite  to  remove  his  plant  to  a  new  gold  field. 
Then  for  several  mouths,  or  until  the  Lewiston  Jour- 
nal was  established  on  January  17,  1867,  north  Idaho 
was  again  without  a  paper.  C.  G.  Kress,  of  Lewiston, 
say  that  Seth  S.  Slater  and  William  Mahoney  were  the 
founders  of  this  paper.  The  following  fall  Alonzo 
Leland  &  Son  were  its  publishers  and  editors.  In  size 
the  Journal  was  a  five-column  folio;  its  news  matter 
was "  attractively  written  and  set  up  in  type  and  its 
editorials  were  refreshing  and  timely.  Politically  the 
Journal  was  a  staunch  advocate  of  Republicanism. 
Material  and  labor  were  evidently  high-priced  in  those 
days,  for  the  Journal  sold  for  eight  dollars  a  year, 
or  fifty  cents  a  copy,  exclusive  of  postage.  Like  its 
predecessors,  it  was  a  weekly. 

It  is  in  connection  with  the  Journal  that  we  first 
meet  Alonzo  B.  Leland,  one  of  the  ablest  newspaper 
men  that  northern  Idaho  has  ever  had.  Xo  man  has 
been  more  prominently  identified  with  the  upbuilding 
of  northern  Idaho,  arid  none  has  been  more  faithful 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


or  loyal  to  his  home.  Born  in  Vermont  in  1818  Mr. 
Leland  was  left  an  orphan  at  a  very  early  age  and 
spent  his  boyhood  upon  a  typical  New  England  farm. 
His  early  education  was  such  as  could  be  obtained  in 
country  villages  in  those  days,  but  he  labored  earnestly, 
nakirig  the  most  of  his  advantages,  and  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  engaged  in  teaching.  Later  he  entered  the 
State  Academy  of  New  Hampshire,  where  he  spent 
three  years,  after  which  he  entered  Brown  University, 
graduating  from  that  institution  in  the  class  of  1843. 
While  in  school  he  supported  himself  by  working  at 
the  carpenter's  trade.  After  leaving  college  he  taught 
for  several  years  in  Massachusetts  and  Maryland. 
In  1849  he  was  induced  to  the  far  west  by  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  California,  and  October,  1850,  found 
him  in  Oregon.  His  first  work  in  Oregon  was  that 
of  a  civil  engineer,  and  it  fell  to  him  to  assist  in 
surveying  and  platting  the  present  city  of  Portland. 
Subsequently  he  entered  the  newspaper  field  in  that 
city,  founding  the  Portland  Standard  in  the  spring  of 
1854.  In  1858,  with  an  associate  named  Mallory,  Mr. 
Leland  established  Portland's  first  daily,  the  Adver- 
tiser. Later  he  became  interested  in  the  Daily  News 
and  the  Times,  in  which  latter  paper  he  gave  not  a 
little  attention  to  the  mining  discoveries  made  in  Idaho 
in  1860  and  1861.  In  Tune,  1861,  he  entered  the  crowd 
of  gold  seekers  and  became  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Florence.  That  fall  he  returned  to  Portland,  but  in 
1862  again  journeyed  to  Idaho,  where  he  resided  until 
his  death  in  1891.  Individuality  is  stamped  on  all  his 
newspaper  work.  His  ability  as  a  writer  was  much 
above  the  average ;  his  penetration  and  foresight  were 
keen  ;  his  grasp  of  every  situation  masterly.  No  greater 
compliment  was  ever  paid  to  this  pioneer  editor  than 
that  from  the  lips  of  one  of  Lewiston's  foremost  citi- 
zens, who  said:  "Mr.  Leland's  only  fault  was  that 
his  thoughts  were  twenty  years  in  advance  of  the 
times." 

Mr.  Leland  was  the  acknowledged  promoter  and 
leader  of  the  annexation  movement  and  a  tireless  ad- 
vocate of  railroad  building  in  north  Idaho. 

THE    IDAHO    SIGNAL. 

On  March  9,  1872,  the  Idaho  Signal  flung  its  ban- 
ner to  the  breeze  at  Lewiston,  succeeding  the  defunct 
Journal.  Henry  Leland,  son  of  Alonzo,  and  Robert 
A.  Rowley  were  the  publishers  and  editors  of  the  new 
paper,  but  the  elder  Leland  occasionally  contributed 
to  it.  The  home  of  the  paper  was  situated  on  Third 
street,  between  C  and  D  streets,  in  a  small  frame  build- 
ing. The  subscription  price  was  fixed  at  five  dollars 
a  year,  or  twenty-five  cents  a  copy.  The  Signal  was 
a  neatly  printed,  five-column  folio,  creditably  edited. 
The  editors  disclaimed  any  previous  experience  in  edi- 
torial work,  saying  that  their  knowledge  of  journalism 
had  been  gained  solely  in  the  composing  room. 

In  saluting  the  public  the  Signal  says:  "We  deem 
the  field  a  good  one  in  which  to  test  ourself,  and  we 
enter  upon  it  with  a  hearty  good  will  toward  all  who 
may  become  our  patrons,  and  with  a  firm  resolve  that, 
if  our  zeal  and  energy  to  meet  their  wants  and  reason- 


able expectations  will  make  up  for  what  we  lack  in 
experience,  that  zea!  and  energy  shall  be  devoted  to 
our  enterprise.  We  shall  be  independent  on  all  sub- 
jects. Thus  we  let  our  Signal  be  known." 

The  material  used  in  printing  the  Signal  was  the 
same  as  that  used  in  printing  the  Journal,  although 
the  enterprise  was  a  distinct  one.  November  i,  1872, 
Mr.  Rowley  was  compelled  to. retire  from  the  business 
on  account  of  ill  health,  his  interest  being  transferred 
to  John  M.  Dormer  Esq.,  who  assumed  editorial  charge. 
Mr.  Dormer  remained  with  the  Signal  only  a  year, 
when  he,  too,  retired,  leaving  Henry  Leland  in  full 
possession.  The  Signal  was  doomed  to  meet  with  fail- 
ure as  had  its  predecessors,  and  in  September,  1874, 
the  property  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Idaho  Print- 
ing &  Publishing  Company.  Immediately  W.  C.  Whis-  . 
ton  and  J.  M.  Dormer  leased  the  material  and  launched 
another  craft,  the  Northerner,  upon  the  stormy  sea  of 
journalism.  Adversity  soon  overtook  this  little  craft, 
also,  for  it  was  wrecked  as  soon  as  the  "hard  times" 
squall  struck  it.  Then  came  the  present  pioneer  of 
north  Idaho  newspapers. 

THE  LEWISTON   TELLER. 

Mr.  Leland  now  enters  the  field  in  earnest,  asso- 
ciating with  him  his  son  Henry,  formerly  one  of  the 
publishers  of  the  Signal.  The  enterprise  was  engaged 
in  with  great  earnestness,  and  year  by  year  the  Teller 
rose  by  sheer  force  of  merit.  By  this  time  the  country 
was  beginning  to  settle  rapidly,  and  the  field  was, 

had  ^reviousl^  been!1'1  ThT^ri'Tssuc^  of^the  Teller 
were  of  the  same  size  as  the  Signal  and  the  Northerner, 
but  the  subscription  price  was  reduced  to  three  dollars 
a  year.  There  was  no  wasted  space  in  the  Teller,  its 
advertising  and  news  columns  being  full  to  overflow- 
ing. Success  smiled  upon  the  venture,  and  in  April, 
1878,  the  paper  was  enlarged  to  a  six-column  folio, 
all  home  print.  Through  the  succeeding  decade  and  a 
half  the  Teller  led  the  van  of  progress  in  north  Idaho. 
In  1882,  the  1st  of  February,  the  old  fashioned  hand 
presses  were  replaced  by  a  power  press.  In  time  Henry 
Leland  withdrew  from  the  paper  and  \vas  succeeded 
by  his  brother,  Charles  F...  who  brought  to  his  work- 
much  energy  and  ability.  For  awhile  before  hi>  death 
Alonzo  Leland  was  alone  in  the  management  of  the 
paper.  When,  on  March  i,  1890,  declining  health  and 
advancing  age  forced  him  to  retire,  the  property  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Carl  Foresman,  superintendent  of  the 
Lewiston  schools. 

Mr.  Foresman  took  up  his  labors  with  energy  and 
ability,  enlarged  the  Teller  to  an  eight-page  paper, 
increased  the  amount  of  reading  matter  and  made  other 
improvements,  which  bespoke  the  fact  that  he  was  a 
capable  newspaper  man  as  well  as  a  teacher.  The 
Teller  kept  its  high  standing  among  the  journals  of 
the  state  and  increased  its  circulation  in  the  home 
field.  It  also  -espoused  the  cause  of  Republicanism 
(it  had  been  non-partisan  theretofore),  and  has  re- 
mained true  to  that  party  ever  since.  In  1894  Editor 
Foresman  was  signally  recognized  by  the  Republicans 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


of  Idaho,  who  nominated  him  for  the  office  of  state 
superintendent  of  public  instruction.  He  was  vic- 
torious in  the  campaign  which  followed,  and  for  two 
years  held  the  position  with  credit  to  himself  and  the 
state.  In  1896  he  returned  to  his  newspaper  work. 
By  December,  1898,  the  business  had~  grown  so  as  to 
warrant  a  twice-a-week  edition,  instead  of  a  weekly, 
as  theretofore. 

February  9th,  1889,  is  the  date  of  a  great  dis- 
aster to  the  Teller,  its  old  office  at  the  corner 
of  Main  and  Second  streets  being-  destroyed  by  fire. 
The  flames  broke  through  the  roof  of  the  one-story 
building  about  half  past  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
and  before  the  alarm  was  fairly  sounded,  the  enclosed 
space  in  the  garret  was  afire.  The  fire  apparatus 
was  frozen,  and  the  nozzle  of  the  hose  clogged  with 
ice.  Before  these  difficulties  could  be  overcome  the 
building  was  doomed.  The  office  fixtures  and  stock 
were  generally  saved,  though  damaged  somewhat  by 
water.  Willing  hands  carried  all  of  the  machinery 
except  the  big  press  and  engine  out  into  the  street, 
so  that  the  loss  was  not  as  heavy  as  it  might  have 
been.  Fortunately  a  portion  of  the  loss  was  covered 

Business  was  re -opened  in  the  present  office  on 
C  street,  near  the  city.  hall.  Here  a  large  cylinder 
power  press  was  erected  for  news  purposes  and  job- 
bers, latest  improved  paper  cutter,  and  other  machin- 
ery and  printing  materials  were  installed,  fitting  out 
the  office  in  a  complete  and  modern  manner.  The 
facilities  of  the  office  for  job  printing  are  excelled  by 
none  in  the  city,  and  the  assortment  of  type  is  one  of 
the  largest  in  northern  Idaho.  During  the  campaign 
of  1900  the  Teller  issued  a  daily  edition,  having  ab- 
sorbed the  Daily  Patriot.  At  present  Mr.  Foresman 
is  engaged  in  making  preparations  for  the  establish- 
ment of  another  daily. 


Long  since  laid  away  in  the  journalistic  graveyard  of 
north  Idaho,  was  many  years  the  Teller's  rival  in  the 
local  field.  It  was  established  at  Lewiston  in  Septem- 
ber, 1880,  by  a  local  publishing  company,  and  placed 
in  charge  of  W.  H.  Brooks,  an  experienced  newspaper 
man.  Brooks  became  involved  in  trouble  late  in  the 
fall  and  was  forced  to  leave  the  country.  Then,  in 
January,  1881,  Aaron  F.  Parker,  a  brother  of  Frank 
Parker,  editor  of  the  Boise  Statesman,  took  charge  of 
the  paper  and  steered  it  through  the  many  difficulties 
which  beset  it  into  a  position  of  influence  in  the  state. 
Mr.  Parker,  who  is  till  living  at  Grangeville,  vprv 
early  in  his  career  as  editor  of  the  News  attained  p: 


lence  by  forceful  express 


of  his  opini 


and  bv 


...s  power  in  descriptive  writing.  Not  less  attentive 
than  the  Teller  to  the  needs  of  the  community  nor 
less  faithful  to  its  public  trust,  the  News  rapidly  won 
its  way  to  a  high  standing  at  home  as  well  as  abroad. 
At  first  Mr.  Parker  was  an  annexationist,  but  only  a 
few  years  elapsed  before  he  took  up  the  battle  for  a 
united  territory,  and  made  the  News  and  later  the  Ida- 
ho County  Free  Press  the  spokesman  of  the  anti-an- 


nexationists  in  northrn  Idaho.  Very  strenuously  did 
he  apply  himself  to  combating  the  arguments  of  the 
veteran  Lewiston  editor,  Mr.  Leland,  on  this  subject. 
In  October,  1883,  Mr.  Parker's  interest  was  at- 
tracted to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  mining  country,  and  sell- 
ing the  News  to  a  man  named  Abbott,  he  became  one 
of  the  pioneers  in  the  New  Eldorado,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  the  publication  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Eagle. 
Mr.  Abbott  disposed  of  his  interests  in  the  News  to 
Messrs.  McConkey  &  Beeson,  who  published  it  until 
the  return  of  Mr,  Parker  from  Shoshone  county  in 
April,  1885,  when  he  resumed  charge.  In  June.  1886, 
Mr.  Parker  disposed  of  the  property  to  Adams  &  Bee- 
son,  and  himself  went  to  the  thriving  town  of  Grange- 
ville, where  he  established  the  Idaho  County  Free 
Press,  becoming  the  pioneer  journalist  of  Idaho  county. 
Shortly  after  Messrs.  Adams  &  Beeson  took  charge 
of  the  News  they  sold  out  to  Judge  Norman  Buck  and 
A.  Ouackenbush,  who  changed  the  name  to  the  Stars 
and  liars.  Judge  Buck  was  a  power  in  Idaho  politics 
at  that  time,  and  with  such  a  man  at  its  head  the 
Stars  and  Bars  quite  naturally  took  a  leading  position 
among  its  contemporaries,  but  it  failed  to  give  satis- 
factory financial  returns,  and  in  a  short  time  sus- 
pended. In  June,  1889,  the  plant  was  removed  to 
Palousc  City,  Washington. 

THE   LEWISTON    TRIBUNE 

Is  the  only  daily  in  north  Idaho,  and  its  permanent 

ii?  the  journalism  of  thl  ^section' oTldaho^I^worlS 
manship,  style  of  make  up,  typographical  appearance, 
and  the  literary  ability  displayed  in  both  news  items 
and  editorials  it  takes  high  rank  among  the  newspa- 
pers of  the  state.  Its  genial  editor,  Albert  H.  Alford, 
ex- regent  of  the  state  university,  and  ex-speaker  of 
the  lower  legislative  body  of  Idaho,  bears  the  reputa- 
tion of  being  among  the  foremost  editorial  writers  in 
the  northwest.  He  and  his  corps  of  assistants  have 
made  for  the  Tribune  an  excellent  reputation  at  home 

The  Weekly  Tribune  was  established  at  Lewiston 
in  September,  1892,  by  two  of  its  present  proprietors, 
Albert  H.  and  Eugene  L.  Alford.  The  office  was  in 
a  small,  one-story  building  on  Main  street.  Here, 
with  limited  facilities,  these  gentlemen  began  the  issu- 
ance of  their  little  paper.  It  was  a  most  vigorous  ad- 
vocate of  Democracy  and  is  today,  although  more  in- 
dependent than  formerly.  During  the  campaign  of 
1896  the  Tribune  was  published  as  a  semi-weekly,  and 
so  well  was  it  received  by  the  public  that  the  publish- 
ers determined  to  try  a  daily.  This  they  did  in  May, 
1898.  They  met  with  gratifying  success  "in  their  enter- 
prise, success  sufficient  to  justify  their  making  the 
daily  a  permanent  thing.  In  1900  Wallace  B.  Stainton, 
who  had  been  connected  with  the  Tribune  since  its  es- 
tablishment, became  a  full  partner  in  the  business.  The 
same  year  the  company  secured  the  Associated  Press 
morning  franchise  for  Lewiston.  Meanwhile  the  week- 
ly publication  has  been  continued.  It  is  an  eight-page 
paper;  the  daily  a  six-page.  From  the  very  first  the 
Tribune  has  been  an  "all  home  print." 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


After  occupying  several  different  homes,  always 
rented  ones,  the  Tribune  at  last  has  its  own  building, 
erected  by  the  company  last  year.  It  is  a  handsome 
brick  structure  occupying  a  prominent  location  on 
Fourth  street  in  the  down  town  district.  In  the  com- 
pleteness of  its  equipment  the  Tribune  has  a  great 
advantage,  its  plant  and  office  being  superior  to  those 
of  any  paper  in  the  state.  It  furnishes  employment  to 
not  a  few  skilled  workmen  and  writers.  Mr.  E.  L. 
Alford,  who  kindly  piloted  the  writer  through  the 
establishment,  estimates  its  value  at  between  $15,000 
and  $20,000.  A.  H.  Alford  is  the  editor  of  the  Tri- 
bune, Eugene  I..  Alford  the  business  manager,  and 
Wallace  B.  Stainton  city  editor. 


Completes  the  list  of  the  newspapers  which  have  been 
published  in  Lewiston.  This  pioneer  Lewiston  daily 
was  established  September  i,  1897,  by  Frank  M.  Rob- 
erts and  his  son,  Coral  F.  Roberts.  It  was  published 
for  about  three  years,  then,  as  before  stated,  was  ab- 
sorbed by  the  Teller  during  the  campaign  of  1900.  Mr. 
Roberts  is  now  engaged  in  the  newspaper  business  at 
Stites. 


To  the  Free  Press  belongs  the  honor  of  having 
blazed  the  pathway  of  journalism  in  Idaho  county, 
and  no  inconsiderable  amount  of  credit  is  due  to  this 
pioneer  paper  and  its  energetic  and  intrepid  publisher 
and  editor  during  the  first  fourteen  years  of  its  ex- 
istence for  the  important  part  they  have  taken  in  the 
upbuilding  of  Idaho  county.  The  Free  Press  has 
labored  faithfully  and  well  for  the  people  of  the  region 
it  represents,  and  Mr.  Parker  has  wielded  a  tireless  and 
skillful  pen  in  his  efforts  to  make  the  Free  Press  a 
representative  newspaper  in  every  sense  of  the  word. 
For  many  years  after  its  birth,  June  18,  1886,  the  jour- 
nalistic field  in  this  sparsely  settled  and  but  poorly 
developed -county  was  indeed  a  barren  one,  but  the 
country  presented  vast  opportunities,  a  tremendous  la- 
tent power,  which  the  pioneer  paper  has  lived  to  see 
only  partly  developed,  and  yet  of  astonishing  strength. 
It  was  founded  as  an  independent  journal,  and  has  al- 
ways retained  its  freedom  of  thought  on  matters  af- 
fecting the  county  at  large.  For  several  years  it  was 
independent  in  politics:  it  then  came  forth  as  a  sup- 
porter of  the  Democratic  party,  and  has  since  been  the 
leading  county  paper  of  that  faith. 

The  advent  of  a  newspaper  in  Idaho  county  was. 
hailed  with  great  joy  by  the  inhabitants  of  that  section 
of  north  Idaho.  The  people  of  Grangcville  made  the 
printing  of  the  first  number  a  gala  occasion,  which 
will  live  long  in  the  memory  of  those  who  participated. 
The  brass  band  honored  the  publisher  with  a  concert ; 
flags  were  hoisted  all  over  the  town,  and  the  first  paper 
was  sold  at  auction  to  J.  S.  Focklcr,  of  Salmon  river, 
for  $50. 

During  the  first  three  years  of  its  life,  the  Free 
Press  was  a  four-page,  six-column  paper.  In  1889, 


however,  the  columns  were  lengthened  and  another 
added,  and  in  this  size  it  now  appears.  For  a  long 
time  the  two  inside  pages  were  "patent,"  but  years 
ago  the  publisher  gladly  made  the  change  to  home 
print. 

The  newspaper  met  its  first  serious  reverse  on 
Christmas  Eve,  1897,  when  the  building  it  occupied 
was  burned  to  the  ground.  Of  the  contents,  nothing 
except  the  files,  ledgers,  subscription  and  account 
books,  and  the  editorial  desk,  were  saved  from  the 
flames.  This  loss  was  a  serious  one,  but  Mr.  Parker 
had  faith  in  the  enterprise,  and  immediately  set  about 
making  for  his  paper  a  better  home  than  it  had  ever 
had  before,  with  the  result  that  at  present  it  occupies 
a  sightly,  convenient  and  commodious  building  on  Hall 
street,  just  opposite  the  old  Grange  hall.  The  first 
home  of  the  Free  Press  was  in  the  Harris  building 
on  Main  street,  about  where  the  present  Pfeufer  block 
now  stands.  Then  it  was  removed  to  the  building  at 
the  corner  of  Hall  and  Main  streets,  which  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

The  Buffalo  Hump  boom  in  1899  called  forth  the 
Daily  Press,  the  first  number  of  which  was  printed 
January  9,  1899.  H.  E.  Waggoner  acted  as  city  editor. 
This  daily  publication,  a  small  half  sheet,  was  regularly 
published  until  December  2d  following.  During  its 
brief  career  the  daily  was  eagerly  read,  as  Mr.  Parker 
maintained  the  same  high  standard  in  this  paper  as 
he  did  in  the  weekly.  During  March,  1899,  a  fine, 
new  cylinder  news  press,  operated  by  water  power, 
was  installed. 

On  September  28,  1900,  after  nearly  twenty  years 
of  continuous  service,  dating  from  early  in  1881,  when 
he  took  charge  of  the  Nez  Perces  News,  Mr.  Parker 
retired  from  the  field  of  active  newspaper  work,  and 
is  at  present  devoting  himself  to  his  real  estate,  mining 
and  other  business  interests  in  the  county  where  he 
has  resided  for  the  past  eighteen  years.  He  has  been 
a  tireless  and  successful  worker  in  his  chosen  pro- 
fession, and  has  left  an  indelible  mark,  not  alone  on 
the  journalism  of  north  Idaho,  but  also  on  its  his- 
tory. 

Elmer  McBroom,  formerly  the  business  manager 
of  the  Roseburg,  Oregon,  Review,  succeeded  Mr. 
Parker  as  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Free  Press,  and 
the  product  of  his  work  is  creditable  to  his  abilities 
as  a  writer.  The  Free  Press  is  prosperous  and  thriv- 
ing. It  is  the  official  county  journal,  which  adds  to 
its  prestige.  The  plant  is  well  equipped  with  a  cylin- 
der news  press,  jobbers,  paper  cutter,  news  and  job 
type,  etc. 

THE  CAMA.S  PRAIRIE   CHRONICLE, 

Formerly  the  Cottonwood  Report,  is  the  second  oldest 
existing  "newspaper  in  Idaho  county,  it  having  been 
preceded  only  by  the  Free  Press  and  a  short  lived  paper 
at  Denver.  The  Report  made  its  bow  to  the  public 
January  27,  1893,  the  Camas  Prairie  Publishing  Com- 
pany being  the  publishers,  and  Tannatt  &  Hogan  busi- 
ness managers.  It  was  published  weekly  on  an  army 
press,  and  was  a  four-page,  seven-column  paper,  -ail 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


1209 


home  print.  Elmer  Waldrip  served  the  paper  as  editor 
until  the  plant  was  disposed  of  July  15,  1893,  to  J.  S. 
Rhoads  and  T.  W.  Turner,  when  Philip  W.  Pearson 
became  the  local  editor.  With  the  issue  of  May  n, 
1894,  the  Report  passed  under  the  editorial  manage- 
ment of  L.  J.  Hornaday,  and  for  the  first  time  discard- 
ed its  independence  in  politics.  Mr.  Taylor  was  suc- 
ceeded by  J.  M.  Wolbert  in  September,  1895,  who 
letained  charge  only  a  few  months.  Then  the  publica- 
tion was  purchased  by  Rustemeyer  &  Wimer,  they  as- 
suming the  editorial  management  at  the  same  time. 
During  their  ownership  the  Report  became  the  Camas 
Prairie  Chronicle.  Last  January  Mr.  Rustemeyer  re- 
tired from  the  business,  leaving  Mr.  Wimer  the  sole 
proprietor.  The  plant  is  a  small  one,  consisting  ot 
an  army  news  press,  an  Excelsior  jobber,  type,  etc. 
The  paer  is  now  twenty-four  columns  in  size,  with 
"patent"'  inside.  Devoted  to  the  best  interests  of  Cot- 
tonwood  and  Idaho  county  in  particular,  newsy  and 
neatly  printed,  the  Chronicle  commands  an  excellent 
patronage  from  both  advertisers  and  subscribers. 

THE    GRANGEVILLE    STANDARD. 

The  Standard,  the  third  oldest  newspaer  in  Idaho 
county,  was  established  at  Grangeville,  March  25,  1899, 
A.  J.  MacDonald,  editor  and  manager.  Its  platform 
then  is  its  platform  now:  "Republicanism,  truthful- 
ness, reliability  on  mining  subjects,  the  advancement  of 
the  interests  of  Grangeville  and  Idaho  county,  and  the 
advancement  of  the  morals  of  the  community."  The 
management  of  the  paper  has  undergone  many  changes. 
On  May  10,  1899,  the  Standard  Printing  Company, 
Charles  V.  Lake,  editor  and  manager,  assisted  by  John 
Flittie,  succeeded  A.  J.  MacDonald.  Editor  Lake  was 
s.xin  succeeded  by  George  W.  Goode,  and  he  in  turn  by 
Frank  M.  Roberts,  the  latter  taking  charge  April  27, 
1901.  In  August,  IQOT,  William  Leach,  formerly  with 
the  Clarkston,  Washington,  Chronicle,  assumed  the 
management  of  the  Standard,  W.  W.  Goode  being 
proprietor  at  that  time.  The  present  owners,  C.  J. 
Lisle  and  H.  L.  Brown,  purchased  the  property  in 
September,  1901,  taking  charge  September  I3th.  Both 
are  experienced  men,  formerly  of  Butte,  Montana. 
Mr.  Lisle  was  employed  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
Daily  Inter-Mountain. 

Although  the  office  was  fairly  well  equipped  at  the 
beginning,  Brown  &  Lisle  have  made  so  many  changes 
and  improvements  that  the  plant  is  now  practically 
new.  No  printing  house  in  north  Idaho  carries  a  better 
line  of  type,  and  the  Standard  is  without  doubt  as  neat- 
ly and  tastily  printed  a  newspaper  as  there  is  in  the 
state.  Nor  are  its  news  and  editoiral  columns  less 
worthy  of  praise,  for  they  reflect  in  an  interesting  and 
breezy  style  the  life  around  and  in  Grangeville.  The 
job  office  of  the  Standard  is  very  complete  and  mod- 
ern, a  new  Chandler  &  Price  jobber  being  among  the 
recent  acquisitions.  The  newspaper  is  printed  on  a 
Campbell  cylinder,  operated  by  water  power.  This 
press,  however,  is  to  be  removed  soon  and  a  new  one 
of  greater  capacity  installed  in  the  new  home  that  the 
propiretors  contemplate  for  their  establishment.  The 


Standard  at  present  is  an  eight-page,  five-column  paper r 
all  home  print.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  of  the  Stand- 
ard that  it  is  representative  of  the  best  type  of  the 
American  country  newspaper. 

THE   GRANGEVILLE    NEWS 

Is  Grangeville's  youngest  newspaper,  having  been  es- 
tablished April  4,  1902,  by  H.  L.  Herzinger,  a  veteran 
journalist  of  the  Northwest.  All  who  come  in  con- 
tact with  Mr.  Herzinger  note  his  strong,  energetic  and 
generous  character,  and  the  News  itself  is  the  best 
measure  of  his  journalistic  powers.  Although  still 
very  young  and  forced  to  compete  with  two  other 
strong  weeklies,  the  News  is  steadily  gaining  strength. 
The  plant  occupies  a  commodious  office  on  Hall  street, 
and  is  equipped  with  a  Washington  hand  press,  a  job- 
ber, paper  cutter,  type  and  other  necessities  of  the 
newspaper  and  job  office.  The  News  is  a  four-page, 
seven-column  paper,  issued  weekly.  In  politics  it  is 
Democratic. 

THE    IDAHO    MOUNTAINEER 

Is  published  at  Kooskia,  on  the  Clearwater  Short  Line, 
and  is  a  neatly  printed,  newsy  little  weekly,  mirroring 
the  life  around  its  home.  The  Mountaineer  was  estab- 
lished four  years  ago,  at  the  time  that  Kooskia  was 
being  built.  '  H.  E.  O'Donnell  is  the  proprietor  and 
editor  of  this  journal. 

THE    IDAHO    COUNTY     PATRIOT 

Was  first  known  as  the  Register,  under  which  name 
it  was  established  at  Stites,  February  22,  1901,  by  W. 
N.  Robinson.  Frank  M.  Roberts,  an  experienced  news- 
paper man,  formerly  the  publisher  of  the  Daily  Patriot 
at  Lewiston,  purchased  the  Register  in  August,  1902, 
and  changed  the  name  to  the  Patriot,  its  present  title. 
Mr.  Roberts  is  a  strong  writer  and  the  Patriot  is  a 
popular  little  paper.  Like  the  Mountaineer,  the  Patriot 
is  printed  in  folio  size. 

THE   MORTALITY   LIST. 

The  Idaho  Gold  Miner  was  the  second  paper  pub- 
lished in  Grangeville.  This  short  lived  paper  was 
founded  by  T.  E,  Edmundson  and  was  published  dur- 
ing 1894.  ' 

On  December  4,  1895,  the  Camas  Prairie  Cayuse, 
a  breezy  little  sheet,  was  established  at  Grangeville  by 
Goodell  &  Ruggles.  Its  battles  with  the  waves  of  ad- 
versity was  short,  and  it  was  soon  submerged,  never 
to  rise1  again. 

Another  of  Grangeville's  early  papers  was  the  Re- 
publican, published  in  the  spring' of  1896,  by  \Vinfield 
Harper.  The  paper  was  founded  as  a  political  organ. 
Col.'W.  D.  Robbins  was  interested  in  this  enterprise. 

The  Cottonwood  Times  made  its  appearance  at 
that  prairie  town  during  the  first  week  in  December, 
1898.  Messrs.  Turner  &  Short  were  the  publishers. 
During  its  life  it  was  a  creditable  paper. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Franklin  P.  Turner  commenced  the  publication 
of  the  Alta  Idaho  Area  at  Stuart,  now  Kooskia,  in 
January,  1898.  The  railroad  boom  passed  away  within 
a  few  months,  however,  and  with  it  came  the  demise 
of  the  Area. 

COEUR  D'ALENE  NUGGET. 

The  Coeur  d'Alene  Nugget  was  the  first  newspaper 
to  be  published  in  Shoshone  county.  This  pioneer 
journal  was  called  into  existence  by  the  settlement  of 
the  Coeur  d'Alenes  and  made  its  bow  to  the  public 
at  the  historic  town  of  Eagle  City,  March  15,  1884. 
At  that  time  thousands  of  miners  thronged  the  hills 
and  canyons  of  the  North  Fork  country,  and  it  was 
not  strange  that  the  press  made  its  appearance  so  soon 
after  the  opening  of  the  region,  for  this  has  been  an 
almost  universal  experience  in  American  history,  since 
the  Civil  war  at  least.  C.  F.  McGlashan  and  W.  F. 
Edwards  were  the  publishers  of  the  Nugget.  In  size 
the  paper  was  a  five-column,  four-page  folio,  and  the 
old  copy  which  fell  into  our  hands  was  unusually  well 
printed  and  edited.  After  an  irregular  life  of  several 
weeks  the  Nugget  was  absorbed  by  the 


The  second  oldest  paper  in  the  camp  and  county.  The 
Eagle  was  owned  and  edited  by  Aaron  F.  Parker  and 
George  W.  DeSucca,  and  during  its  four  months'  ex- 
istence was  an  able  and  energetic  exponent  of  the  great 
mining  camp  from  which  it  derived  its  support.  Mr. 
Parker  tells  us  that  the  first  number  was  published 
April  12,  1884,  in  a  tent  occupied  jointly  by  the  Eagle 
and  the  postoffice.  For  this  rude  home  the  lessees 
paid  $75  a  month.  The  postoffice  remained  in  the  tent 
until  the  arrival  of  Postal  Inspector  General  Curry, 
who  ordered  Postmaster  Parker  to  move  the  postoffice 
into  a  wooden  building.  This  move  was  necessary 
because  the  moisture  during  wet  weather  caused  the 
stamps  to  stick  together.  The  Eagle  was  printed  on 
four  pages  of  six  columns  each  and  a  perusal  of  the 
files  shows  that  Messrs.  Parker  and  DeSucca  did  cred- 
itable work,  upon  their  journal.  On  June  I2th  Mr. 
I'arker  retired  from  the  business,  leaving  his  former 
partner  in  full  charge.  Subsequently  Mr.  Parker  re- 
turned to  the  paper.  In  August  the  last  number  ap- 
peared, the  re-action  of  the  boom  proving  too  great 
for  the  paper  to  withstand. 

COEUR  D'ALENE  PIONEER. 

The  next  newspaper  to  appear  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes 
was  the  Coeur  d'Alene  Pioneer,  published  first  at 
Eagle  City  and  later  at  Murray  by  the  Pioneer  Pub- 
lishing Company,  of  which  Henry  Bernard  was  the 
manager.  No.  2  of  this  paper  came  into  our  hands 
in  the  course  of  our  researches,  and  afforded  much  in- 
teresting material  of  a  historical  nature.  It  bore  the 
date  of  April  28,  1884,  and  was  printed  at  Eagle  City. 
It  was  a  four-page,  six  column  sheet.  In  those  days 
the  subscriber  had  to  pay  dearly  for  his  paper,  all  of 


the  early  Coeur  d'Alene  papers  selling  for  twenty-five 
cents  a  'copy  or  six  dollars  a  year.  The  Pioneer  was 
a  weekly.  Not  very  long  after  the  first  number  appeared 
the  editor  and  manager  became  involved  in  a  quarrel 
with  one  of  his  employees  and  killed  him.  The  murder 
was  a  most  dastardly  one,  and  Bernard  was  threatened 
with  a  popular  trial  and  execution.  The  Pioneer  sus- 
pended publication  soon  after  the  affair  took  place. 

COEUR  D'ALENE  SUN. 

Most  prominent  and  important  among  the  pioneer 
newspapers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  is  the  paper  of  which 
we  now  write.  For  nearly  twenty  years  the  Sun  has 
regularly  appeared,  some  times  daily,  at  others  tri- 
weekly, but  generally  weekly,  and  a  careful, 
exhaustive  perusal  of  its  files  from  beginning  to 
end  enables  us  to  judge  its  merits  and  few  papers 
there  are  which  have  more  accurately  and  full 
portrayed  pioneer  conditions  and  recorded  the  growth 
and  progress  of  a  great  mining  camp.  First,  last 
and  always  the  Sun  has  been  an  ardent  believer  in 
the  greatness  of  the  mineral  section  which  is  its  home; 
its  columns  have  been  freely  given  to  mining  discuss- 
ions, discoveries  and  progress,  while  at  the  same  time 
the  Sun  has  gained  for  itself  an  enviable  reputation  for 
accuracy  in  these  matters.  The  Sun  has  always  been 
a  valiant  champion  of  clean,  honest  government,  and 
its  voice  has  been  a  strong  one  in  county  affair-.  As 
a  disseminator  of  news  it  early  took  a  leading  position 
in  north  Idaho,  and  as  a  careful,  strong  critic  of  terri- 
torial and  state  affairs  it  has  excelled. 

The  founder,  publisher  and  editor  of  the  Sun, 
Adam  Aulbach.  began  his  labors  in  newspaper  work 
forty  years  ago,  and  long  before  he  came  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes  he  had  gained  an  experience  and  a  reputation 
which  easily  gave  him  a  leading  position  among  the 
newspaper  workers  of  Idaho  when  in  the  winter  of 
1883-84  he  came  to  this  young  territory  to  take  up 
his  labors.  He  arrived  upon  the  scene  early 'in  the 
winter  and  decided  the  field  was  a  good  one  for  a 
newspaper.  So  he  ordered  a  complete  outfit  of  suffi- 
cient size  to  print  a  small  paper  and  decided  to  locte 
temporarily  at  Belknap,  Montana.  Accordingly  on 
May  13,  1884,  the  Belknap  Sun.  printed  on  a' half 
Medium  Gordon,  made  its  bow  to  the  world.  The 
first  issue  contained  fifteen  columns  of  solid  reading 
matter.  At  first  the  Sun  was  published  tri-weekly.' 
Of  course  it  gave  its  principal  attention  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  mines.  As  time  passed  Mr.  Aulbach  became 
more  and  more  convinced  that  the  camp  was  a  sub-' 
stantial  one,  and  finally  he  decided  that  the  time  had 
arrived  when  it  could  support  a  properly  conducted 
newspaper  and  prepared  to  remove  the  Sun  plant  to 
Murray ville.  This  was  accomplished  at  great  ex- 
pense, a  large  pack  train  being  required  to  transport 
the  material  over  the  uncut  and  snow-drifted  mountain 
trails  across  the  Bitter  Roots.  On  Tuesday,  July  8, 
1884,  the  Idaho  Sun  appeared  for  the  first"  time  and 
at  once  drew  to  its  support  a  host  of  friends.  The  pub- 
lisher promised  the  Coeur  d'Aleners  a  good  paper  and 
the  files  show  that  this  promise  was  very  faithfully 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


kept.  The  first  of  the  succeeding  year  another  change 
was  made  in  the  name,  this  time  Coeur  d'Alene  being 
substituted  for  the  word  Idaho,  and  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
Sun  it  has  since  remained.  The  field  proved  to  be  an 
excellent  one,  and  the  Sun  took  every  advantage  of 
the  opportunity  presented  and  prospered  exceedingly. 

One  of  the  results  of  this  prosperity  was  that  on 
January  i,  1886,  Mr.  Aulbach  commenced  the  publi- 
cation of  a  daily  instead  of  a  tri-weekly  edition,  which 
was  continued  until  June  2,  1888.  During  this  period 
of  nearly  two  and  one-half  years  the  news  service  of 
the  Sun  was  its  strongest  feature,  and  in  all  probability 
there  have  been  few  mining  camps  which  have  enjoyed 
a  better  service  in  their  infancy.  Thence  on  the  placer 
camp  began  to  decline,  as  a  result  of  which  the  Sun 
experienced  corresponding  hard  times.  The  South 
Fork  country  succeeded  to  the  prosperity  which  had 
once  belonged  to  the  people  of  the  North  Fork,  and 
many  towns  sprang  up  in  that  section  during  the  latter 
part' of  the  "eighties  and  the  early  'nineties.  To  this 
new  field  Mr.  Aulbach  was  temporarily  drawn,  and  in 
July,  1890,  he  turned  the  Sun  over  to  a  syndicate  of 
Murray  business  men  to  conduct  while  he  went  to  Wal- 
lace. 'Charles  Swaine  became  the  Sun's  editor  and 
business  manager,  and  remained  in  this  capacity  until 
January  I,  1891,  when  the  property  was  leased  to 
Charles  A.  Ervin,  who  took  personal  charge  of  the 
paper.  Mr.  Ervin  conducted  the  paper  until  April 
28th  of  the  following  year,  when  he  gave  up  his  lease. 
A  week  later  the  Sun' was  indefinitely  suspended,  Mr. 
Aulbach  assigning  as  a  reason  that  he  himself  was  busy 
with  the  Wallace  Press  and  that  he  could  find  no  one 
10  either  lease  the  Sun  or  conduct  it  for  him. 

For  six  months  the  Sun  remained  lifeless.  Then 
Mr.  Aulbach  removed  to  his  old  home,  Murray,  and 
again  took  the  helm  of  his  first  love,  applying  himself 
with  renewed  vigor  to  the  work.  Since  then  the  path- 
way of  the  Sun  has  been  one  of  alternating  smooth- 
ness and  roughness.  At  times  the  shadows  have  fallen 
with  discouraging  density  across  the  path,  but  each 
time  the  Sun  has  pierced  the  darkness  with  unwaver- 
ing faith,  and  still  gives  forth  its  messages  of  encour- 
agement and  confidence,  despite  the  fact  that  the  sec- 
tion referred  to  is  passing  through  the  most  trying  time 
experienced  since  its  settlement. 

Typographically  the  Sun  has  always  maintained  a 
high  "standard.  The  equipment  is  all  that  could  be 
desired  in  a  country  newspaper  office,  the  machinery 
being  operated  by  water  power  installed  in  1886.  Pub- 
lished  first  in  a  rough  log  cabin,  it  soon  outgrew  these 
rude  quarters,  and  the  office  was  removed  to  the  old 
Murray  bank  building,  standing  on  the  corner  of  Sec- 
ond and  Main  streets,  where  its  present  home  is.  The 
building  is  a  fine  frame  structure,  one  of  the  best  in  the 
town.  In  politics  the  Sun  has  been  strongly  inde- 
pendent, always  supporting  the  men  whom  it  has 
thought  best  fitted  for  office. 

THE  EAGLE  STAR. 

This  was  a  short-lived  paper,  published  at  Eagle 
City  in  the  fall  of  1885  by  S.  E.  Dillard.  The  first 
copy  appeared  on  November  2ist.  While  it  lived  the 


:ellent  paper,  but  the  camp  was  unable 


On  July  2,  1887,  Alfred  J.  and  John  L.  Dunn, 
brothers,  who  came  originally  from  Missouri,  com- 
menced the  publication  of  the  Wallace  Free  Press  in 
a  little  frame  building  on  the  site  of  the  present  O.  K. 
block.  Their  plant  was  of  fair  size,  including  a  Wash- 
ington hand  press,  and  the  brothers  threw  their  whole 
energy  and  soul  into  the  work  with  the  result  that 
the  Free  Press  was  not  long  in  gaining  for  itself  a 
more  excellent  reputation,  both  at  home  and  abroad. 
It  was  not  our  privilege  to  look  over  the  files  of  this 
pioneer  newspaper,  owing  to  the  fact  that  they  had 
been  mislaid,  but  from  notices  which  appeared  in  con- 
temporary journals  and  from  the  lips  of  those  who 
read  the 'Free  Press  we  have  no  hesitation  in  saying 
that  it  was  a  first  class  journal  in  every  way. 

Dunn  Brothers  continued  the  pubfication  of  the 
Free  Press  until  the  spring  of  1889,  when  they  sold 
the  property  to  Edward  Tibbals  and  his  brother  Frank. 
They  changed  the  name  of  the  paper  to  the  Wallace 
Press.-  Subsequently  the  business  came  into  the  hands 
of  Adam  Aulbach,  'of  the  Murray  Sun,  under  whom 
the  Press  enjoyed  great  prosperity.  Among  other  im- 
provements made  was  the  installation  of  the  plant  in  a 
new.  two-story  brick  building  on  Hank  street,  between 
Fifth  and  Sixth  streets,  where  it  still  remains.  Tli2 
upper  story  was  occupied  as  a  .Masonic  hall :  the  lower 
story,  jointly  by  the  Press  and  EastnnV jewelry  store. 
Mr.  Aulbach  was  the  proprietor  of  the  Sun  until  July, 
1892,  when  it  was  sold  to  R.  E.  Brown,  better  known 

of  considerable  ability.  Under  his  ownership  the  name 
of  the  paper  was  again  changed,  this  time  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  American.  H.  W.  Ross  succeeded  Brown, 
entering  upon  his  management  just  as  the  hard  times 
of  1893  reached  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  The  journal 
failed  to  weather  the  storm,  and  late  in  the  year  sank 
beneath  the  waves  of  adversity. 

The  Fourth  of 'July,  1894,' marked  the  reappear- 
ance of  the  Wallace  Press  on  the  journalistic  stage  of 
north  Idaho,  under  the  ownership  of  Adam  Aulbach, 
Patrick  Connor  acting  as  manager.  A  little  later 
Connor  became  lessee,  and  on  October  i;th  George 
S.  Warren  became  a  joint  lessee.  At  this  time  the 
Press  was  printed  as  an  eight-page  half-sheet,  all  home 
print.  Formerly  the  Press  had  been  printed  in  quarto. 
A  change  had  also  been  made  in  the  paper's  politics. 
Under  the  proprietorship  of  Dunn  T> .-others  the  Free 
Press  was  strongly  Republican ;  then  it  became  Demo- 
cratic, then  independent  in  politics;  now  it  appears  as 
a  Populistic  journal. 

George  Garbutt  succeeded  Warren  and  Connor  on 
March  25,  1896.  Just  before  election  day  he  was  called 
to  his  Maker.  Mr.  Warren,  the  former  proprietor, 
again  took  charge  of  the  paper  and  remained  at  its 
head  until  January  i,  1903,  when  the  present  pro- 
prietor, E.  B.  Reitzel,  acquired  possession  of  the  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Reitzel  is  an  experienced  newspaper  man, 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


and  under  his  ownership  and  editorship  the  Press  is 
one  of  the  leading  papers  of  north  Idaho.  Since  the 
campaign  of  1896,  when  the  paper  supported  the  Silver 
party,  the  Press  has  been  a  stalwart  Republican  journal, 
and 'is  today  the  leading  Republican  newspaper  of  the 
county.  The  Press  plant  is'  quite  complete,  including 
a  country  Campbell  news  press,  jobbers,  paper  cutters, 
a  large  and  modern  assortment  of  type,  etc.  The  busi- 
ness occupies  the  entire  lower  floor  of  the  building,  the 
editorial  office  being  situated  in  the  front,  and  the  com- 
posing and  press  room  in  the  rear  of  the  building. 
Irving  Wilson  is  associate  editor  of  the  Press.  Typo- 
graphically and  editorially  the  Press  is  a  credit  to 
those  who  are  connected  with  it,  and  to  the  metropolis 
and  county  whence  it  derives  its  support. 

COEUR  D'ALENE  MINER. 

This  paper  was  the  second  journal  established  in 
Wallace,  and  is  now  numbered  among  those  unsuc- 
cessful ventures  in  journalism  of  which  there  are 
plenty  in  every  section  of  great  wealth  and  oppor- 
tunities. It  was  established  June  6,  1890,  at  Wallace 
by  Dunn  Brothers,  formerly  proprietors  of  the  Free 
Press.  In  size  it  was  a  five  column  quarto.  The 
printing  was  all  done  at  home,  a  fine  tribute  to  the 
energy  of  the  publishers  and  the  loyalty  of  the  people 
to  home  enterprise.  For  six  years  the  Miner  was  pub- 
lished by  the  Dunn  Brothers;  then  Charles  E.  Angel 
took  the  property.  However,  the  life  of  the  Miner 
was  destined  to  be  short,  for  the  paper  suspended  pub- 
lication after  the  election  of  1896.  Then  for  four  years 
the  plant  was  idle.  Finally  in  1900  E.  B.  Reitzel  and 
Harry  F.  Ingalls  resurrected  the  Miner,  and  for  a  few 
months  published  it,  after  which  the  plant  was  con- 
solidated with  that  of  the  Press.  At  present  Dunn 
Brothers  own  a  half  interest  in  the  Press  plant,  although 
the  Press  itself  belongs  solely  to  Mr.  Reitzel.  Through- 
out its  existence  the  Miner  was  a  strong  Republican 
paper.  During  the  great  Wallace  fire  on  July  27, 
1890,  the  Miner  office,  building  and  contents,  was 
completely  burned,  necessitating  the  purchase  of  a  new 
plant  and  the  erection  of  another  building.  The  build- 
in  was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Bank  and  Fifth 
streets,  and  is  now  used  as  the  domicile  of  the  city 
postoffice. 

WALLACE   DEMOCRAT. 

This  journal  was  established  by  a  stock  company 
of  Shoshone  county  Democrats  in  the  fall  of  1892,  with 
M.  J.  Donnelly  as  manager  and  editor.  The  paper  was 
printed  in  a  six-column  folio  form.  After  being  pub- 
lished for  a  little  more  than  a  year  the  paper  was  dis- 
continued, and  the  plant  sold  to  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
Miners'  Union  and  Knights  of.  Labor,  who  founded  the 

IDAHO  STATE  TRIBUNE 

On  September  20,  1894.  For  some  -  time  organized 
labor  in  this  section  had  felt  as  if  it  needed  an  organ 
through  which  to  reach  the  general  public,  and  the  re- 


sult of  this  feeling  was  that  the  members  of  the  union 
and  the  knights  of  District  Assembly  No.  13  secured 
as  editor  and  manager  S.  Van  der  Muelen,  past  master 
workman  of  the  Knights  of  Labor  in  Iowa,  and  pur- 
chased the  old  Democrat  plant.  As  the  official  organ 
of  organized  labor  in  Shoshone  county,  the  Tribune 
was  at  once  accorded  a  foremost  place  among  labor 
journals  in  the  west.  Mr.  Van  der  Muelen  remained 
with  the  Tribune  only  six  months,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  R.  E.  Seysler,  who  continued  to  steer  the 
editorial  helm  for  two  years.  Upon  his  retirement 
B.  R.  Creedon  took  charge  and  guided  the  Tribune's 
destinies  for  a  year ;  then  came  Clarence  Smith,  under 
whose  management  $3,000  was  expended  for  a  new 
plant,  which  added  greatly  to  the  facilities  of  the 
office  and  enabled  the  Tribune  to  appear  in  as  neat  a 
dress  as  any  paper  in  the  state.  A  Cottrell  news 
press,  a  large  paper  cutter,  jobbers,  type,  stones,  etc., 
were  among  the  additions  to  the  old  plant,  rendering 
it  practically  a  new  one.  On  June  I,  1898,  the  Tribune 
was  accorded  the  distinguished  honor  of  being  chosen 
as  the  official  organ  of  the  Western  Federation  of 
Miners,  which  position  it  retained  for  a  year.  On 
October  i,  1898,  the  Tribune  was  also  greatly  honored 
by  having  chosen  as  its  editor  and  manager  James  R. 
Sovereign,  well  known  throughout  the  United  States 
for  his  work  in  the  interest  of  the  Knights  of  Labor, 
and  labor  organizations  generally.  However,  Mr.  Sov- 
ereign remained  in  Wallace  only  a  year,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  W.  H.  Stewart.  A  year  and  a  half  later, 
in  the  spring  of  1900,  Mr.  Sovereign  returned  to  the 
Tribune,  and  has  since  been  its  editor.  At  present  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Unions  own  the  property.  In  the  be- 
ginning the  Tribune  supported  the  Populist  party,  but 
subsequently  gave  its  allegiance  to  Bryan  and  the 
Democratic  party.  The  plant  and  offices  are  comfortab- 
ly housed  in  a  commodious  frame  building  situated 
on  East  Bank  street.  Like  its  contemporary  in  the 
Wallace  field,  the  Tribune  appears  weekly  and' is  print- 
ed in  quarto  form.  The  workmanship  on  the  paper  is 
iirst-class,  as  might  be  expected  in  the  case  of  a  paper 
conducted  as  the  Tribune  is. 

WALLACE    ADVANCE. 

In  the  spring  of  1900  Charles  H.  Stevens  com- 
menced the  publication  of  a  weekly  paper  bearing  the 
above  name,  using  the  old  Miner  plant.  Its  life  was 
very  short — not  more  than  a  few  months. 

COEUR  D'ALENE  MINING  RECORD. 

The  Record  is  the  only  strictly  class  paper  in  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes,  its  object  being,  as  its  name  implies, 
to  pay  especial  attention  to  the  mining  industry.  For 
that  matter,  however,  there  is  little  else  except  mining 
for  any  of  the  newspapers  in  this  county  to  give  their 
attention  to.  The  Record  is  also  an  illustrated  paper, 
and  its  beautiful  engravings,  wide  columns  and  cal- 
endered paper  lend  to  it  more  the  air  of  a  magazine 
than  that  of  a  newspaper.  It  appears  semi-monthly, 
and  is  printed  at  the  Idaho  State  Tribune's  office.  H. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


A.  Moore,  the  publisher  and  editor,  is  well  fitted  for 
the  work  he  has  undertaken — that  of  advertising  the 
wonderful  Coeur  d'Alene  mines  to  the  world — and 
his  writings  are  regarded  as  semi-official  by  conserva- 
tive mining  men.  The  Record  is  deserving  of  much 
commendation  for  its  excellent  work. 

The  Record  first  appeared  in  1901  as  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Mining  Journal,  and  for  the  first  year  was 
controlled  by  a  stock  company.  Mr.  Moore  took  the 
paper  last  year  and  changed  the  name  to  the  Record. 

BURKE   INDEPENDENT. 

In  1888,  when  Burke  was  in  the  heydey  of  its  boom 
period,  M.  D.  Scott  brought  to  the  town  the  old  news- 
paper plant  at  Eagle  City  and  began  the  publication  of 
a  small  sheet  known  as  the  Burke  Independent.  The 
initial  number  appeared  Thursday,  July  26th,  and  was 
a  meritorious  publication.  The  editor  came  to  the 
Coeur  d'Alenes  from  the  Black  Hills.  The  following 
December  Mr.  Scott  retired  from  the  business,  which 
forthwith  passed  into  the  hands  of  Capehart  &  Brite. 
The  latter  changed  the  paper's  name  to  the  Burke  Ga- 
lena. Shortly  after  the  Galena  came  into  existence  it 
succumbed. 


Published  at  Burke  and  Gem,  was  the  next  journal 
to  aspire  to  fame  in  the  Canyon  creek  district,  but  it, 
too,  lived  only  a  short  time.  H.  L.  Hughes  was  the 
Star's  editor  and  C.  D.  Vaughn  its  business  manager. 

THE    KINGSTON     INDEPENDENT. 

Is  the  name  of  another  unsuccessful  journalistic  venture 
in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.  As  its  name  indicates  this 
newspaper  was  published  at  Kingston.  The  Indepen- 
dent was  established  in  1897.  In  size  it  was  only  eight 
by  six  inches,  but  the  quality  of  its  reading  matter 
was  good.  Clarence  Smith  served  the  paper  as  editor. 

OROFINO  COURIER. 

The  pioneer  newspaper  of  southern  Shoshone  county- 
is  the  Orofino  Courier,  published  at  Orofino  by  Horace 
II.  and  James  R.  Greer.  The  Courier  is  "a  newsy, 
neatly  printed,  five-column  paper,  four  pages  of  which 
are  home  print,  and  a  like  number  of  pages  "patent." 
All  of  the  local  news  is  fully  written  up  in  an  inter- 
esting style  and  the  newspaper's  enterprising  editors 
are  ever  keenly  alive  to  the  interests  of  the  community 
and  state  in  which  they  live.  The  first  number  of  this 
paper  was  given  to  the  public  May  19,  1899,  and  con- 
sisted of  one  sheet  struck  off  on  an  army  press,  which, 
together  with  a  few  handsful  of  type  and  a  small 
amount  of  other  printing  necessities,  were  brought  to 
Orofino  in  a  buggy,  The  miniature  plant  was  in- 
stalled in  a  corner'  of  the  Clearwater  Improvement 
Company's  warehouse  near  the  river's  bank,  and  there 
the  plant  remained  until  its  proprietors  were  able  to 
construct  a  suitable  home  for  it.  Into  this  building  the 


plant  was  finally  removed  and  is  today  being  conducted. 
As  rapidly  as  possible  the  owners  added  to  their  equip- 
ment, increased  the  size  of  the  paper,  and  made  various 
other  changes  and  improvements  until  the  Courier  has 
reached  its  present  standard.  A  fine  Washington  hand 
press  is  in  use,  an  improved  Challenge  paper  cutter, 
A  modern  Chandler  &  Price  jobber,  ten  by  fourteen 
inches  in  size,  and  a  large  assortment  of  excellent 
type.  The  office  stands  on  Main  street  and  here  in  its 
comfortable  home  the  editors  and  proprietors  are  ever 
ready  to  extend  a  cordial  hand  to  all  visitors  and  bid 
them  welcome  to  the  town.  In  politics  the  Courier 
is  and  always  has  been  Republican. 

OROFINO    OPTIMIST. 

The  Optimist  is  also  published  at  Orofino,  and  is  a 
sprightly  journal,  smaller  in  size  than  the  Courier,  but 
containing  more  pages  and  fully  as  much  news  matter. 
Its  publishers  are  the  Optimist  Publishing  Company, 
composed  of  several  of  the  leading  business  men  of  the 
community,  and  under  the  management  and  editorship 
of  Charles  Hofstetter  the  paper  is  deservedly  popular. 
The  Optimist  was  established  only  a  few  months  ago, 
the  first  number  appearing  December  5,  1902.  The 
equipment  is  both  modern  and  complete  for  a  country 
office,  comprising  presses,  paper  cutter  and  a  fine  as- 
sortment of  new  type. 


As  its  name  implies  the  Pierce  City  Miner,  pub- 
lished at  Pierce  City,  is  especially  devoted  to  the  min- 
ing interests  of  this  famous  camp,  although  the  Miner 
really  is  interested  in  the  whole  community,  and  does 
not  hesitate  to  publish  all  the  news  that  can  be  gath- 
ered relative  to  that  section  of  the  county.  The  journal 
it.  published  in  half-sheet  size,  eight  pages,  four  of 
which  are  printed  at  home,  and  it  is  only  just  to  say 
that  the  paper  faithfully  represents  the  section  to 
which  it  is  indebted  for  support.  Greer  Brothers,  of 
Orofino,  established  the  paper  March  2,  1902,  and  until 
April  ist  of  this  year  they  owned  the  property.  On 
that  date  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  following 
representative  Pierce  Citv  business  men:  President. 
M.  A.  Ellis;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Samson  Snyder ; 
directors,  L.  F.  Culver  and  Col.  W.  J.  Todd.  David 
M.  Nulty,  an  experienced  newspaper  man,  originally 
from  Canada,  who  had  .been  managing  the  paper  since 
November  14,  1902,  was  retained  in  the  capacity  of 
editor  and  manager  by  the  new  company,  and  in  his 
hands  the  Miner  will  continue  to  keep  the  outside  world 
posted  regarding  the  development  of  the  Pierce  City 
district.  The  office  is  equipped  with  a  jobbing  outfit 
in  addition  to  a  country  newspaper  plant. 


Represents  the  metropolis  on  Milo  creek  in  the  Coeur 
cl'Alen  journalistic  field.  The  News  is  a  five-column 
folio,  neatly  printed,  newsy  and  well  edited.  In  poli- 
tics it  is  Republican.  Aaron  Frost  is  the  present 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


publisher.  The  News  plant  is  quite  complete  and 
modern,  including  all  the  requisites  of  a  first-class 
country  newspaper  and  job  office,  and  occupies  a  com- 
modious home  on  Main  street  in  the  heart  of  the 
business  center.  The  News  is  now  in  its  seventeenth 
volume,  having  been  established  June  n,  1886,  by  the 
C'oeur  d'Alenes'  pioneer  newspaper  man,  Adam  Aul- 
bach.  The  paper  was  published  under  his  management 
and  proprietorship  for  some  time  during  the  early 
years  of  its  existence,  but  since  then  its  career  has 
been  checkered.  It  was  started  as  a  weekly  and  is  still 
published  as  such.  J.  S.  Langrishc,  the  veteran  come- 
dian and  newspaper  man  of  the  northwest,  was  among 
the  early  editors  of  the  News.  Of  him  it  has  been 
said  that  he  so  conducted  his  paper  that  not  a  harsh 
word  was  ever  found  in  its  columns,  while  at  the  same 
time  his  work  made  a  lasting  impression  upon  the 
people  of  this  section.  He  died  November  30,  1895, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-four,  and  was  buried  the  follow- 
ing Monday.  It  is  said  that  his  funeral  was  the  largest 
ever  held  in  Wardner.  In  respect  for  his  memory  a 
majority  of  the  business  houses  were  closed  during  the 
funeral  hours.  R.  E.  Browri  was  also  among  the 
former  editors  and  publishers  of  the  News,  having 
acquired  the  property  in  January,  1892. 

COECR  D'ALENE  BARBARIAN. 

This  journal,  which  attained  to  considerable  local 
fame  in  its  life,  was  established  as  a  monthly  during 
the  closing  days  of  the  year  1891,  by  R.  E.  Brown, 
who,  because  of  his  connection  with  the  paper,  was 
at  once  given  the  title,  "Barbarian  Brown."  At  first 
the  paper  was  published  at  Wallace;  then  an  edition 
was  published  simultaneously  at  Wardner  and  in  this 
form  the  Barbarian  was  published  for  a  long  period. 
Subsequently  a  semi-weekly  was  issued.  It  passed 
into  memory  a  decade  ago. 


Was  another  of  Wardner's  unsuccessful  journalistic 
enterprises,  which  was  established  by  C.  R.  Burrus 
during  the  middle  'nineties.  The  Citizen  was  inde- 
pendent in  politics  and  is  spoken  of  as  a  well  edited 
and  creditable  paper. 


The  Record  was  established  at  Murray  in  1886 
by  G.  N.  Culver  and  son,  Otis.  A  six-column  folio, 
all  home  print,  was  published,  and  is  said  to  have  been 
a  paper  creditable  both  to  the  publishers  and  the  camp. 
At  first  the  Record  was  a  tri-weekly,  but  later  it  be- 
came a  weekly.  In  politics  it  was  Republican.  Imme- 
diately after  the  great  Spokane  fire,  the  paper  was 
discontinued  and  the  plant  shipped  to  Spokane. 


The   Tribune   was   established   in    1889  by  H.   C. 
Piggott.     Subsequently  it  was  sold  to  Adam  Aulbach, 


Piggott  going  to  Osborne,  where  he  published  the 
Coeur  d'Alene  Statesman.  Then  the  Tribune  passed 
into  the  hands  of  F.  K.  Jerome.  During  the  middle 
'nineties  it  was  discontinued,  but  later  revived  under 
the  name  of  the  Mirror.  At  the  time  of  the  labor 
troubles  in  1899  the  Mirror,  under  the  management  of 
W.  H.  Stewart,  was  confiscated  by  the  government 
because  of  its  utterances.  A  portion  of  the  material 
vas  destroyed,  we  are  informed.  The  following  Octo- 
ber Larson  &  Greenough  revived  the  Journal,  and  un- 
der their  ownership  it  was  continuously  published  until 
July,  1903,  when  it  was  again  suspended.  The  Mirror 
was  Republican  in  politics. 


What  the  social,  political  and  financial  condition  of 
Kootenai  county  might  be  today  had  no  newspapers 
been  printed  within  its  boundaries  from  the  date  of  its 
formation  to  the  present  time,  it  is  impossible  to  tell, 
it  is  not  possible  to  estimate  the  weight  of  their  in- 
riuence  in  the  development  won  of  the  past  nor  in  that 
of  the  future.  That  this  influence  has  been  essential 
to  the  attainment  of  present  conditions,  all  must  admit, 
and  there  are  certainly  none  of  any  degree  of  intelli- 
gence who  would  expect  uninterrupted  progress  with- 
out it.  An  honest  newspaper  is  a  power  for  good, 
a  guide  for  the  student  of  local  and  general  affairs,  and 
in  many  ways  a  conservation  of  the  best  interests  of 
its  constituents.  The  power  of  a  newspaper  lies  not 
so  much  in  its  purely  intellectual  power  of  expression 
as  it  does  in  the  public  confidence  that  its  opinions  are 
honest  opinions,  unbiased  by  partisanship  or  personal 
friendship.  The  public  has  no  use  for  the  opinions  of 
an  editor  if  it  once  discovers  that  he  does  not  discuss 
public  questions  honestly  and  disinterestedly  from  the 
;ingle  point  of  view  of  public  welfare.  An  editorial 
opinon  is  worthless  to  the  public  unless  there  is  a  man 
if  good  sense  and  information  behind  it,  who  is  as 
:ourageous  and  impartial  as  a  just  judge  in  the  trial 
of  cases  in  the  courts. 

A  newspaper  is  at  once  a  private  business  and  a  pub- 
trust.  A  mixture  of  motives,  all  entirely  honorable, 
may  govern  and  dictate  the  conduct  of  newspapers; 
but  a  newspaper  cannot  in  the  long  run  hold  the  con- 
fidence of  its  patrons  if  it  fails  to  discuss  public  ques- 
tions with  honesty  and  disinterestedness.  The  public 
weal  must  be  its  point  of  view  if  it  expects  public  con- 
fidence and  respect.  The  public  does  not  expect  that 
its  editor  will  always  be  acute  in  mind  and  able  in 
policy,  but  it  has  a  right  to  expect  that  he  will  be 
upright  in  purpose  and  incorrupt  in  action,  and  the 
influential  editor  seldom  fails  his  people.  Merciless 
personalities  in  politics  are  sometimes  manifested 
through  the  press,  just  as  they  are  elsewhere  in  the  or- 
ganized expression  of  human  thought,  feeling  and 
business,  but  no  newspaper  ever  rose  to  influence  and 
long  maintained  it  whose  editor  made  his  private 
piques,  his  unquenched  personal  animosities,  his  un- 
aked  personal  revenge  and  unsatisfied  private  in- 
terests the  polestar  of  his  working  career.  The  value 
of  a  newspaper  to  a  people  and  to  a  community  de- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


pends  largely  also  upon  its  devotion  to  local  interests. 
If  the  editor's  energies  are  expended  exclusively  for 
personal  financial  success  or  political  preferment,  re- 
gardless of  his  obligations,  not  alone  as  a  moulder  of 
sentiment,  but  as  a  medium  through  which  knowledge 
of  local  affairs  and  conditions  is  conveyed  to  the  pub- 
lic, he  ceases  to  be  a  useful jrnember  of  society  and  the 
usefulness  of  his  paper  is  lessened  to  a  very  great  de- 
gree. 

Kootenai  county  has  been  fortunate  in  that  the  men 
who  have  come  from  various  parts  of  the  country  and 
assumed  editorial  charge  of  its  nwspapers,  have  come 
with  a  view  to  becoming  permanent  residents.  They 
are  men  of  intelligence,  who  have  made  homes  in  the 
various  communities,  have  become  imbued  with  pride 
in  local  and  general  progress,  have  become  identified 
with  public  works  and  many  of  them  have  become 
worthy  representatives  of  the  people  in  places  of 
honor  and  trust.  The  first  newspaper  men  to  visit 
Kootenai  were,  like  many  others,  in  search  of  fortune 
in  whatever  form  and  in  whatever  place  they  might 
he  able  to  find  it.  Like  the  prospector  they  blazed  the 
trail,  exposed  the  precious  mineral,  sold  out  and  moved 
on.  None  of  the  papers  published  at  the  time  of  the 
formation  of  the  county  are  now  in  existence,  jnd  there 
is  no  paper  now  published  in  the  county  that  had  an 
existence  prior  to  1890. 

The  first  paper  published  in  Kootenai  county  was 
the  Lake  Side  Leader,  its  first  issue  appearing  in  Jan- 
uary, 1882.  It  was  issued  at  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene,  and 
existed  but  a  few  months  during  the  summer  of  that 
year.  We  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  the  name 
of  its  editor,  fn  the  fall. of  the  same  year  Mark  \V. 
Musgrove  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Kootenai 
Courier  at  Rathdrum  (then  called  Westwoocl).  Mr. 
•  Musgrove  was  a  lawyer  of  considerable  ability,  who 
was  connected  prominently  with  the  important  cases 
tried  in  the  early  courts,  and  who  was  prominent  in 
the  early  politics  of  the  country,  serving  in  various 
official  capacities.  For  a  number  of  years  the  Courier 
was  the  only  paper  in  the  county.  It  suspended  publi- 
cation in  1892  and  its  editor  left  the  county  and  state. 
Another  of 'the  early  papers  was  the  Coeur  d'Alene 
Times,  established  in  1889  by  C.  A.  Curtin  and  Harry 
Bronson.  In  1892  it  was  purchased  by  Earnest  Duer- 
senler,  who  took  the  plant  to  Rathdrum,  where  he 
continued  its  publication  as  the  Rathdrum  Times,  until 
the  summer  of  1893,  when  he  suspended  and  sold 
press  and  material  to  a  Mr.  Cornell.  Mr.  Cornell 
again  changed  the  name  of  the  paper  to  the  Rathdrum 
Register.  Under  this  name  it  ran  but  two  or  three 
weeks,  when  it  was  closed  out  and  ceased  to  exist. 
The  Post  Falls  Post  was  established  in  1890  by  A.  J. 
McDonald.  In  June,  1893,  Mr.  McDonald  removed 
with  his  paper  to  Rathdrum,  where  he  issued  it  as  the 
Rathdrum  Post  until  April,  1895  ;  at  this  date  it  sus- 
pended. The  Hope  Examiner  was  another  of  the 
pioneer  papers  that  ran  a  short  time  during  the  late 
"eighties.  The  Hope  Prospector  was  established  in 
1890  and  quit  publication  in  1894.  John  F.  Yost,  now 
of  Sandpoint,  was  one  of  its  several  editors.  At  Sand- 
point  the  pioneer  .paper,  now  defunct,  was  the  Jour- 


nal, edited  by  J.  R.  Law.  L.  H.  Faust,  now  a  state 
senator  in  Montana,  also  published  a  paper  a  short 
time  at  Sandpoint,  which  he  called  the  Republican. 
Not  one  of  these  papers  is  now  in  existence  and  their 
files  were  not  preserved. 

The  Silver  Blade  was'  established  at  Rathdrum 
June  i,  1895,  by  John  F.  Yost,  as  a  Silver  Republican 
paper.  February  10,  1897,  it  was  purchased  by  J.  C. 
Brady  and  continued  as  an  organ  of  the  Silver  party. 
Mr.  Brady  continued  its  editor  until  his  death  in  July, 
1901,  when  it  was  published  for  a  time  by  the  Silver 
Blade  Publishing  Company.  In  August,  1901,  W.  A. 
Logue  became  its  editor  and  manager  and  so  con- 
tinued until  April,  1902,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
W.  M.  Miller.  Mr.  Miller  remained  in  charge  until 
the  plant  was  purchased,  July  n,  1902,  by  Charles 
W.  and  J.  R.  Culp.  Charles  W.  Culp  is  a  man  of 
experience  in  newspaper  work,  having  for  a  number 
of  years  been  connected  with  various  papers  in  Mon- 
tana, among  them  the  papers  of  Helena,  the  "Mon- 
tanian,"  and  the  "Montanian"  of  Libby.  J.  R.  Culp 
fitted  himself  by  study  and  correspondence  for  the 
work  he*  has  chosen.  The  brothers  are  both  natives 
of  Montana.  In  May  of  the  present  year  they  changed 
the  name  of  their  paper  from  the  Silver  Blade  to  the 
Tribune.  Since  coming  to  Rathdrum  they  have  fa- 
miliarized themselves  with  political,  commercial  and 
social  conditions,  and  have  made  many  friends  by  in- 
telligent and  conscientious  devotion  to  the  locality  in 
which  they  have  made  their  home  and  to  the  best  in- 
terests of  Kootenai  county.  The  Tribune  is  Republican 
in  politics  and  fair  and  fearless  on  all  questions  of 
public  interest. 

The  Panhandle  News  was  launched  into  the  news- 
paper world  August  7,  1902,  at  Rathdrum.  Its  editor 
and  proprietor  is  W.  A.  Logue,  formerly  editor  and 
manager  of  the  Silver  Blade.  The  News  is  an  ex- 
ponent of  Democratic  principles,  and  has  already  built 
up  a  large  patronage,  which  includes  not  only  its 
political  friends,  but  some  of"  its  political  enemies.  Mr. 
Logue  is  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  but  spent  his 
youth  and  early  manhood  in  the  Colorado  mining  re- 
gions. For  a  number  of  years  he  conducted  the  Boul- 
der (Colorado)  News  and  was  for  a  time  connected 
with  the  Denver  Tribune.  Before  coming  to  Kootenai 
county  he  was  connected  with  the  papers  of  Baker 
City  and  Canyon  City,  Oregon.  Air.  Logue  is  an  en- 
tertaining writer,  and  in  his  editorial  columns  discusses 
the  leading  questions  of  the  day  in  an  interesting  man- 
ner. He  takes  special  interest  in  county  and  state  poli- 
tics, and  is  bringing  his  paper  to  the  front  ranks  of 
Kootenai  county's  weeklies. 

The  Coeur  "d'Alene  Press  is  one  of  the  oldest  pa- 
pers now  published  in  the  county,  having  been  estab- 
lished by  its  present  owner  and  editor,  Joseph  T.  Scott, 
in  1892.  From  the  beginning  it  has  been  a  leading 
paper  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  county  and  state 
affairs.  It  was  started  as  a  Republican  paper  and  so 
remained  until  the  great  campaign  of  1896,  when  its 
editor  espoused  the  cause  of  Democracy.  It  has  since 
that  time  been  the  recognized  organ  of  Democracy  in 
Kootenai  county.  Mr.  Scott  is  a  man  of  wide  experi- 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ence  in  the  newspaper  field,  and  of  recognized  ability 
in  any  intellectual  field  of  endeavor.  He  is  a  native  of 
Ohio,"  in  which  state  he  was  educated.  His  first  edi- 
torial work  was  done  on  the  Glendive  (Montana) 
Times,  with  which  he  was  connected  during  the  year 
1882.  For  seven  years,  beginning  in  1883,  he  edited 
and  published  the  Dickenson  (Montana)  Press.  Dur- 
ing these  years  he  was  an  active  participant  in  Montana 
territorial  politics,  and  assisted  in  the  organization  of 
the  state.  In  1900  he  was  elected  a  representative  of 
Kootenai  county  in  the  state  legislature.  He  has  been 
closely  identified  with  all  efforts  to  build  up  the  beau- 
tiful city  of  Coeur  d'Alene,  and  the  magnificent  county 
of  Kootenai,  and  his  labors  have  been  fruitful  of  ma- 
terial results.  He  has  recently  added  to  his  plant  a 
Babcock  cylinder  press,  which  is  operated  by  steam 
power,  new  type,  perforating  machine,  and  job  press, 
made  necessary  by  gradually  increasing  business.  The 
Press  is  one  of  the  substantial  institutions  of  the 
county. 

The  Independent  is  a  politically  independent  weekly 
established  at  Coeur  d'Alene  in  July,  1902,  by  Smith 
&  Moon.  C.  A.  Smith  comes  from  Duluth,  Minnesota, 
and  O.  B.  Moon  from  Eagle  River,  Wisconsin.  Both 
these  gentlemen  are  experienced  journalists,  and  the 
independent  is  ably  edited.  Although  comparative 
strangers  in  Kootenai  county,  Messrs.  Smith  and  Moon 
have  made  many  friends  since  founding  their  paper, 
and  it  is  receiving  the  generous  support  to  which  the 
earnest  and  well  directed  efforts  of  its  editors  en- 
title it. 

John  F.  Yost  of  Sandpoint  began  newspaper  work 
in  Kootenai  county,  at  Hope  in  September,  1891. 
Previously  for  three  years  he  was  a  teacher  in  the 
Rathdrum  schools.  He  was  first  editor  -of  the  Hope 
Prespector  in  1891  and  1892.  He  founded  the  Rath- 
drum  Silver  Blade  in  1895,  continuing  its  publication 
until  April,  1897.  In  May,  1899,  he  established  the 
Kootenai  County  Republican  at  Rathdrum.  In  July 
1901,  he  moved  with  his  paper  to  Sandpoint,  where 
he  is  now  located  as  its  editor  and  publisher.  Mr. 
Yost  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  where  he  received  his  edu- 
cation and  learned  the  printer's  trade.  He  has  always 
taken  a  lively  interest  in  Kootenai  county  politics  and 
is  a  hard  working  Republican.  He  was  postmaster  at 
Rathdrum  during  President  McKinley's  first  adminis- 
tration. In  1902  he  was  Republican  candidate  for 
state  senator  and  was  elected.  Mr.  Yost  is  an  able  man, 
a  capable  editor,  a  good  public  speaker  and  the  Koote- 
nai County  Republican  is  one  of  the  leading  papers  of 
the  county. 

The  oldest  editor  in  Kootenai  conuty  in  point  of  time 
served,  is  S.  D.  Taylor,  of  the  Kootenai  Herald  at 
Bonner's  Ferry.  Mr.  Taylor  has  been  continuously 
in  the  editorial  chair  since  July  4,  1891,  when  he 
established  the  Herald  at  Kootenai  Station.  After 
the  completion  of  the  Great  Northern  railroad  in 
1892,  the  town  of  Kootenai  was  practically  abandoned 
and  Mr.  Taylor  removed  to  Bonner's  Ferry.  The 
Kootenai  Herald  is  one  of  the  most  successful  and 
widely  circulated  papers  published  in  the  county,  and 
its  editor  is  highly  esteemed  as  a  man  of  intellectual 


worth,  principle  and  honor.  The  Herald  is  Republi- 
can in  politics.  Its  editor,  while  taking  an  active  in- 
terest in  politics,  devotes  much  space  to  a  plea  for  the 
reclamation  of  the  swamp  lands  of  the  Kootenai  valley, 
which  must  eventually  become  the  richest  agricultural 
section  in  the  county.  Mr.  Taylor  is  also  after  a 
much  needed  bridge  over  the  Kootenai  river  at  Bon- 
ner's Ferry.  He  is  a  strong  advocate  of  local  and 
general  progress,  is  energetic  and  persevering,  and 
to  his  paper  the  people  of  Bonner's  Ferry  are  greatly 
indebted  for  its  continual  efforts  in  furthering  the 
city's  advancement. 

The  Harrison  Searchlight  is  owned  and  edited  by 
S.  M.  L.ogan,  who  assumed  charge  in  April,  1902.  The 
paper  was  first  known  as  the  Signal,  but  we  have  been 
unable  to  obtain  the  name  of  the  first  editor.  It  com- 
menced publication  in  1894.  In  1896  S.  W.  Crane, 
the  pioneer  of  Harrison,  took  charge  of  the  paper  and 
conducted  it  until  1898,  under  the  name  of  the 
Mountain  Messenger.  In  May,  1898,  the  plant  became 
the  property  of  Hubbard  and  Co.  Since  that  date 
it  has  had  several  editors,  viz:  H.  O.  Thompson, 
W.  S.  Biggs,  Thomas  Lawson  and  S.  M.  Logan. 
The  name  was  changed  to  the  Searchlight  in  1900. 
Mr.  Logan  is  publishing  a  Republican  paper  and  is 
keeping  before  the  public  the  advantage  of  Harrison 
and  Kootenai  counties  as  a  field  for  investment  and  the 
location  of  homes.  The  Searchlight  is  a  credit  to  Har- 
rison and  Mr.  Logan  is  a  successful  manager  and 
editor. 

The  Priest  River  Enterprise  is  a  Republican  pa- 
per, whose  first  issue  appeared  July  4,  1902.  Its  editor, 
A.  B.  Hoag,  before  coming  to  Priest  River,  con- 
ducted papers  at  Mt.  Idaho,  this  state,  and  at  Leba- 
non, Oregon.  Mr.  Hoag  is  a  native  of  Minnesota 
and  a  graduate  of  Bates  College  at  Lewiston,  Maine. 
After  graduation  he  spent  several  years  teaching  in 
Maine  and  Massachusetts,  and  the'  Albion  (Idaho) 
Normal  and  in  Albany  College  at  Albany,  Oregon, 
where  he  occupied  the  chair  of  English  literature  and 
elocution.  Being  a  man  of  extensive  and  diversified 
information,  Mr.  Hoag  is  well  equipped  for  the  field 
in~  which  he  has  located  and  the  Enterprise  is  well 
started  on  a  career  that  cannot  but  prove  successful. 

The  St.  Maries  Courier  is  a  semi-weekly  publi- 
cation established  February  19,  1901  by  E.  Deuerslie. 
This  enterprise  was  launched  about  the  time  St.  Marie 
began  to  boom  and  has  kept  pace  with  the  rapid  pro- 
gress made  by  the  town.  It  is  neutral  in  politics, 
is  well  edited  and  would  be  a  decided  credit  to  a  much 
larger  place  than  St.  Maries.  Mr.  Deuerslie  is  devoted 
to  the  best  interests  of  St.  Maries  and  is  doing  all  in 
his  power  through  the  columns  of  the  Courier  to  bring 
home  builders  and  capital  to  the  growing  town.  In 
this  effort  he  is  meeting  with  success  and  the  Courier 
is  fast  progressing  toward  a  position  in  the  front 
ranks  of  the  country  newspapers. 

The  St.  Joe  Budget  is  the  latest  birth  into  the 
newspaper  world  of  Kootenai  county.  Its  first  issue 
appeared  December  12,  1902.  The  Budget  is  Repub- 
lican in  politics  and  is  owned  by  the  Budget  Publish- 
ing Co.,  Wil  E.  Dockeray,  editor.  The  St.  Joe  country 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


is  just  beginning  the  progress  of  development  and 
Mr.  Dockeray  is  assisting  in  a  very  material  way 
through  the  columns  of  the  Budget.  The  editorials 
and  the  news  columns  show  him  to  be  well  fitted  for 
the  work  he  has  undertaken  and  the  publication  will 
no  doubt  meet  with  success  to  which  earnest  and 
conscientious  endeavor  is  entitled. 

LATAH   COUNTY  PRESS 

MOSCOW    MIRROR. 

From  the  date  of  its  establishment,  July  4,  1882, 
the  Moscow  Mirror  has  never  missed  an  issue.  Hon. 
Willis  Sweet,  now  attorney  general  for  Porto  Rico, 
was  the  first  editor  of  the  paper,  and  C.  B.  Hopkins, 
now  United  States  marshal  for  the  district  of  Wash- 
ington, was  the  first  publisher.  Mr.  Hopkins  was  then 
publishing  -the  Colfax  Gazette  at  Colfax,  Washing- 
ton, and  for  some  time  the  presswork  on  the  Mirror 
was  done  at  the  Gazette  office.  It  was  at  first  a  small 
six-column  sheet  with  patent  inside.  The  subscription 
price  was  $3  per  annum  and  it  had  a  circulation  of 
about  140.  In  November,  1882,  the  paper  was  pur- 
chased by  C.  B.  Reynolds,  who  paid  but  $400  for  the 
entire  plant.  Mr.  Reynolds  continued  the  publication 
of  the  paper  until  June  7,  1889,  when  it  was  purchased 
by  Jolly  Bros.  Elmer  E.  Jolly  was  editor  and  mana- 

Sr.  His  brothers,  James  D.,  a  printer,  and  Thomas 
.,  an  attorney,  were  interested  with  him  in  the  prop- 
erty. The  paper  is  now  owned  and  edited  by  W. 
D.  Smith.  Mr.  Smith  has  made  a  number  of  changes 
and  improvements  in  the  property.  When  he  first 
took  charge  the  paper  was  a  five-column  quarto.  To 
accommodate  increasing  business  the  plan  of  an  in- 
sert supplement  was  used  for  a  time.  April  16,  1903, 
Mr.  Smith  installed  an  up-to-date  type  setting  ma- 
chine, a  Simplex  typesetter.  This  was  followed  by  a 
change  in  the  makeup  of  the  paper,  which  is  now 
issued  as  a  large  eight  column  folio,  all  set  at  home. 
The  paper  not  only  covers  all  the  news  of  Moscow 
thoroughly  and  well,  but  in  addition  has  cor- 
respondents in  the  tributary  districts  from  whom 
these  localities  is  secured  and  published.  Typo- 
graphically the  paper  is  most  attractive,  the  adver- 
tisements being  displayed  in  a  manner  which  would 
do  credit  to  a  metropolitan  publication.  The  adver- 
tising patronage  is  so  immense  as  to  already  crowd  the 
limits  of  the  enlarged  publication.  The  paper  is  housed 
in  a  commodious  brick  structure  and  the  plant  is 
equipped  with  new  and  complete  machinery  and  type. 
It  is  issued  every  Thursday  and  is  Republican  in 
politics.  As  an  indication  of  the  growth  of  the  paper 
it  is  interesting  to  note  that  from  a  valuation  of  $400 
and  a  circulation  of  140  in  1882,  the  paper  in  1898 
was  valued  at  $15,000  and  its  circulation  had  grown 
to  1,500.  In  later  years  two  almost  complete  plants 
were  sold  from  the  material  in  the  office.  Interest  in 
the  paper's  progress  lessened  and  when  Mr.  Smith 
took  charge  in  1902  the  circulation  had  dropped  to 
less  than  500.  During  the  past  seven  months  the 
circulation  has  been  increased  to  1,100  and  is  rapidly 


growing.  The  plant  is  now  valued  at  $6,600.  Mr. 
Smith  is  a  native  of  Princeton.  Illinois.  In  1887  he 
went  to  Lamberton,  Minnesota,  where  he  founded 
the  Lamberton  Leader.  He  conducted  this  paper  until 
June  15.  1893,  when  he  founded  the  Winnebago 
t'Minn.j  Enterprise.  Under  Mr.  Smith's  management 
this  became  one  of  the  leading  Republican  papers  in 
Minnesota  and  of  the  middle  west,  and  also  one  of 
the  most  valuable  papers  from  a  financial  standpoint. 
While  conducting  the  Enterprise,  during  the  years 
1893  and  1902  inclusive,  Mr.  Smith  was  assistant 
secretary  of  the  Minnessota  senate.  He  was  a  most 
active  and  influential  worker  in  state  and  national 
campaigns  ,and  had  a  promising  future  before  him 
had  he  remained  in  Minnesota.  Mr.  Smith  took 
charge  of  the  Mirror,  December  29,  1902,  and  at  once 
began  improvements  in  the  plant  and  in  the  general 
tone  and  makeup  of  the  paper  that  will  give  it  un- 
disputed right  to  first  rank  among  the  weekly  publi- 
cations of  the  State  of  Idaho. 


The  pioneer  Republican  newspaper  of  Moscow  is 
the  North  Idaho  Star,  which  was  established  October 
i,  1887,  by  J.  L.  Brown.  Mr.  Brown  conducted  the 
paper  successfully  for  three  years  when  it  passed  to  a 
corporation  known  as  the  Star  Publishing  Company. 
The  company  conducted  the  paper  until  October  9, 
1893,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Henry  C.  Shaver,  the 
present  owner.  Under  the  present  ownership  the  pa- 
per has  grown  immensely  in  business,  circulation  and 

Mr.  Shaver  is  of  the  class  of  newspaper  men  who 
are,  alas !  too  few  in  these  modern  days.  He  is  not  only 
an  all-around  printer,  a  disciple  of  the  case,  but  has 
had  ripe  experience  in  all  branches  of  the  editorial  de- 
partment of  the  profession,  having  been  connected  in 
important  capacities  with  some  of  the  leading  papers 
of  the  east,  and  having  had  many  years  of  experience 
as  editor  and  publisher. 

Henry  C.  Shaver  was  born  in  Kendall  county,  Illi- 
nois, August  5,  1858.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Iowa  and  there  learned  the  printing  trade 
in  the  office  of  the  Republican  at  Waverly,  Iowa.  La- 
ter he  engaged  in  the  publishing  business  as  owner  and 
editor  of  the  Record,  of  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa,  his  first 
business  venture  of  importance.  He  published  the 
Cedar  Falls  Record  for  four  vears,  when  he  became 
identified  with  the  Daily  Leader  of  Des  Moines.  For 
six  years  he  was  editor  in  chief  of  that  paper,  when  he 
resigned  to  devote  his  attention  to  the  Iowa  interests 
of  the  Chicago  Herald,  with  headquarters  at  Des 
Moines.  From  this  latter  position  he  resigned  in  June. 
1893,  to  become  the  Washington,  D.  C.  correspondent 
of  the  Des  Moines  Daily  Leader.  He  also  served  as 
correspondent  at  the  national  capital  at  the  same  time 
for  the  Omaha  World  Herald  and  the  Indianapolis  . 
Sentinel.  In  the  fall  of  1893  he  came  to  Latah  county 
and  took  hold  of  the  Star.  The  Star  is  typographically 
an  evidence  of  the  thorough  knowledge  of  the  art  pre- 
servative on  the  part  of  the  owner.  It  is  a  neatly 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


printed,  well  edited  eight  page  folio,  six  column  paper, 
a  credit  to  the  state  and  owner  and  a  prosperous  busi- 
ness property,  the  value  of  which  is  constantly  increas- 
ing. 

Shortly  after  Mr.  Shaver  purchased  the  Star  he 
set  about  to  improve  the  office  equipment.  Being  a 
thorough  printer,  as  well  as  an  experienced  editor,  he 
fully  appreciated  the  importance  of  a  mechanical  equip- 
ment that  would  enable  him  to  do  all  the  work  re- 
quired in  a  city  of  5,000  people,  and  to  print  a  hand- 
some paper  as  well.  All  the  fashionable  and  attractive 
faces  of  type  were  added  as  they  appeared  from  the 
foundry,  as  well  as  the  labor-saving  appliances  known 
to  the  printing  craft.  The  latest  additions  to  the  office 
are  a  Babcock  cylinder  press  and  a -gasoline  engine, 
both  new  from  the  factory.  These  considerable  addi- 
tions make  his  facilities  as  complete  as  any  in  the  state, 
enabling  him  to  do  a  wide  range  of  work,  and  to  pub- 
lish as  handsome  a  paper  as  is  turned  out  in  Idaho. 
•The  Star  will  doubtless  continue  to  maintain  its  posi- 
tion as  one  of  the  leading  newspapers  of  Latah  county, 
a  position  which  has  been  readily  conceded  to  it  up  to 
the  present  time. 

TIMES   DEMOCRAT. 

The  accepted  organ  of  the  Democratic  party  in 
north  Idaho  was,  for  a  number  of  years,  the  Times 
Democrat,  published  at  Moscow.  The  paper  was  first 
established  March  i,  1891,  by  William  Taylor.  He 
ran  it  for  four  months,  when  it  was  turned  over  to 
Samuel  T.  Owings,  who  conducted  it  until  October  i, 
1891,  when  the  plant  was  sold  to  J.  L.  Brown.  April 
i,  1892,  Mr.  Owings  again  became  editor  and  pub- 
lisher and  continued  in  charge  until  June  i,  1899,  when 
the  property  was  leased  by  Hon.  Samuel  C.  Herren. 
Mr.  Owings  resumed  charge  January  i,  1900,  and 
continued  as  editor  and  publisher. 

Samuel  T.  Owings  is  a  native  of  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land, born  September  i,  1868.  He  was  educated  in  his 
native  state  and  came  to  Moscow  in  September,  1888. 
He  from  the  day  of  his  arrival  has  been  active  in  busi- 
ness enterprises,  public  spirited  and  devoted  to  the 
interests  of  Moscow,  Latah  county  and  the  state  of 
Idaho.  He  first  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  and 
later  acquired  valuable  mining  interests  in  British  Co- 
lumbia. He  has  erected  several  residences  in  Moscow 
and  in  many  other  ways  has  contributed  to  the  devel- 
opment of  that  town.  He  is  a  successful  and  repre- 
sentative business  man. 

The  Times  Democrat  has  an  excellent  plant,  valued 
at  about  $3,500.  The  paper,  which  is  a  five  column 
folio,  is  issued  every  Thursday.  It  is  strictly  a  home 
paper,  no  plate  matter  being  used.  In  each  issue  the 
local  items  of  interest  are  interestingly  presented  and 
the  news  of  the  state  and  of  the  world'is  given  in  con- 
densed form.  An  attractive  feature  to  many  readers 
is  the  absence  of  an  editorial  page,  the  editorial  ex- 
pressions being  presented  in  paragraphic  comment  with 
the  new  items.  It  January,  1903,  Mr.  Owings  changed 
the  policy  of  the  Times  Democrat  and  it  is  now  issued 
as  a  Republican  paper. 


KENDRICK    GAZETTE. 

The  Kendrick  Gazette,  a  Democratic  weekly  news- 
paper, published  at  Kendrick,  has  a  rather  interesting 
history.  Its  forerunner  was  the  Kendrick  Advocate, 
the  first  copy  of  which  was  issued  July  4,  1890.  In 
the  absence  of  a  building  the  printing  office  was  set 
up  under  the  shade  of  a  tree  and  there  the  first  copy 
of  the  paper  was  printed.  H.  L.  Frost  was  the  pio- 
neer editor  and  he  conducted  the  paper  until  January, 
1891,  when  he  leased  the  plant  to  James  F.  Vincent, 
son  of.  Judge  Vincent,  of  Mount  Idaho,  Idaho.  Mr. 
Vincent  continued  the  publication  of  the  Advocate  for 
some  time  after  he  had,  in  January,  1892,  established 
the  Kendrick  Gazette,  when  the  Advocate  ceased  to  ex- 
ist. Mr.  Frost,  an  attorney,  was  editor  of  the  Advo- 
cate, Tuesday,  August  16,'  1892.  Shortly  before  two 
o'clock  that  morning  flames  were  seen  issuing  from  the 
second  story  of  the  building  in  which  the"  Advocate 
office  and  Frost's  law  office  were  located.  Within  half 
an  hour  afterward  two  blocks  had  been  burned  over 
and  $80,000  of  property  had  gone  up  in  smoke.  There 
was  a  rumor  that  the  fire  was  of  incendiary  origin  and 
suspicion  rested  upon  Editor  Frost  and  he  was  com- 
pelled to  leave  for  Moscow  for  safety.  The  Gazette 
building  was  destroyed  in  the  fire,  but  the  forms  were 
saved  and  the  paper  did  not  miss  publication.  March 
1 6,  1804,  the  Gazette"  building  was  again  burned  the 
night  before  publication,  but  enough  of  the  matter  was 
saved  to  issue  a  paper  next  day. 

The  present  owners  of  the  paper  are  Mackintosh 
&  Weber.  D.  T.  A.  Mackintosh  is  the  editor  and  H. 
W.  Weber  is  business  manager.  For  many  years  the 
paper  was  issued  as  a  five  column  quarto,  but  this  year 
the  business  had  increased  to  such  an  extent  that  the 
owners  doubled  the  size.  It  is  a  clean,  newsy  paper, 
"devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  Potlatch  country,  and  is 
enjoying  a  deserved  measure  of  prosperity." 

CANYON    ECHO. 

The  Canyon  Echo,  a  weekly  Republican  paper,  is- 
sued at  Kendrick,  every  Tuesday,  originally  started 
out  as  a  Democratic  paper  under  the  name  of  the  Ken- 
drick Times.  The  paper  was  started  in  1893  by  the 
Times  Publishing  Company,  of  which  Frish  Brothers 
were  the  chief  stockholders.  They  had  charge  of  the 
paper  for  two  years,  when  E.  H.  Thompson  was  in- 
stalled as  editor.  Mr.  Thompson  was  succeeded  as 
editor  by  Jesse  Collins.  In  June,  1897,  E.  E.  Alder- 
man became  editor  and  publisher.  In  March.  1898, 
the  name  of  the  paper  was  changed  to  Canyon  Echo. 
Under  Mr.  Alderman  the  paper  has  become  Republi- 
can in  politics.  He  is  the  present  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  paper.  Mr.  Alderman  is  a  native  of  Ohio  and 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  that  state  and  at 
Hiram  College.  He  is  a  lumber  manufacturer  and  one 
of  the  leading  citizens  of  Kendrick.  The  paper  is  a 
bright  and  newsy  five  column  quarto  and  has  an  excel- 
lent circulation  and  large  advertising  patronage. 

GENESEE    NEWS. 

Three  different  names  have  been  given  to  the  pa- 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


per  now  known  as  the  Genesee  News,  the  weekly  pa- 
per published  at  Genesee,  and  while  now  a  stanch  Re- 
publican organ  it  was  originally  started  as  a  Demo- 
cratic paper.  In  August,  1898,  J.  L.  C.  Mays  started 
the  paper  as  the  Genesee  Advertiser,  Democratic  in 
politics.  The  early  career  of  the  publication  was 
checkered  and  October  and  part  of  November  of  that 
year  no  issues  were  pubffshed.  In  November,  1898, 
E.  R.  Wiswell  took  hold  of  the  plant  and  rejuvenated 
the  Advertiser,  but  made  it  a  Republican  organ.  La- 
ter Ed  Barton  became  associated  in  the  ownership. 
In  1889  the  paper  was  sold  to  C.  M.  Poor,  who 
changed  the  name  to  Recorder  and  made  it  an  inde- 
pendent paper,  with  strong  Democratic  leanings.  In 
1891  the  paper  was  purchased  by  J.  W.  Hopp  and 
Charles  Power,  who  changed  the  name  to  the  Genesee 
News  and  made  it  a  Republican  paper.  This  firm  was 
more  successful  than  its  predecessors  in  the  ownership 
•of  the  plant.  When  they  first  purchased  the  paper  it 
was  a  five  column  folio,  but  they  soon  enlarged  it  to 
a  six  column  quarto,  its  present  size.  Since  February, 
1892,  when  he  purchased  the  interests  of  Mr.  Hopp, 
Mr.  Power  has  been  editor  and  proprietor.  He  has 
been  very  successful  in  his  conduct  of  the  paper  and 
has  built  it  up  to  one  of  the  best  and  most  influential 
newspapers  in  north  Idaho.  The  paper  is  issued  every 
Friday. 

The  Troy  News,  originally  called  the  Vollmer 
News,  was  established  in  1894  by  Charles  Moody. 
The  pioneer  paper  in  Troy  was  the  Vollmer  Vedette, 
which  was  established  in  1891  by  T.  E.  Edmondson, 
but  which  only  ran  a  few  months.  Mr.  Moody  ran  the 
News  for  some  time.  Later  editors  were  J.  C.  Peter- 
son and  A.  G.  Greer.  Mr.  Peterson,  with'  John  E. 
Hoffman,  were  for  a  time  the  owners  of  the  publica- 
tion. The  present  editor  and  owner  is  B.  S.  Nelson. 
The  paper  is  issued  weekly  and  is  a  well  printed,  four 
column  quarto.  It  carries  proportionately  an  immense 
amount  of  advertising,  of  which  government  land  of- 
fice notices  form  no  inconsiderable  part.  The  paper  is 
in  a  most  prosperous  condition  and  will  probably  soon 
be  compelled  to  enlarge  to  meet  the  growing  patron- 
age. 

•JULIAETTA    ENTERPRISE. 

The  newspaper  graveyard  at  Juliaetta  is  a  large 
one,  but,  at  last,  in  the  Enterprise  that  town  has  a 
newspaper  which  will  live  and  prosper.  The  first 
newspaper  in  Juliaetta  was  the  Gem,  which  was  es- 
tablished May  18,  1889,  by  W.  L.  Taylor.  He  was  a 
lalented  young  editor  and  managed  to  keep  the  Gem 
;alive  for  eighteen  months,  when  the  enterprise  was 


abandoned.  The  paper  was  practically  resurrected  in 
the  Potlatch,  which  first  came  out  in  June,  1891,  with 
J.  M.  Bledsoe  as  editor  and  Collins  Ferryman  as  busi- 
ness manager.  They  conducted  the  paper  until  1892, 
when  it  was  sold  to  William  R.  McCracken,  who 
changed  the  name  to  the  Juliaetta  Advance.  After 
two  years  the  Advance  was  discontinued,  owing  to  the 
panic  and  general  depression.  Later  the  Potlatch  Press 
was  started  there  by  Alford  Bros.,  later  publishers  of 
the  Lewiston  Tribune.  They  sold  out  after  one  year 
to  F.  J.  Bratton,  who  published  the  paper  for  two 
years  and  then  shut  down  the  office,  shipping  the  press 
to  Spalding.  May  i,  1899,  M.  P.  Stevens,  an  able  at- 
torney and  clever  writer,  established  the  Register, 
which  later  passed  the  way  of  the  earlier  papers.  This 
year  The  Juliaetta  Enterprise  was  established  by  D.  T. 
A.  Mackintosh  and  H.  W.  Weber,  also  owners  and 
publishers  of  the  Kendrick  Gazette.  W.  A.  Turner  is 
local  editor  and  manager  of  the  Enterprise  and  he  is 
making  a  decided  success  of  the  property.  The  paper 
is  a  seven  column  folio  and  is  issued  every  Thursday. 
It  is  given  a  very  liberal  advertising  patronage  by  the 
Juliaetta  merchants  and  has  an  excellent  circulation. 

THE    PALOUSE    EMPIRE. 

The  Palouse  Empire  is  a  weekly  recently  estab- 
lished at  Moscow  by  Will  H.  Stewart  and  Oscar  F. 
De  Partee.  Mr.  Stewart  is  editor  and  Mr.  De  Partee 
manager.  This  paper  was  started  as  the  "Citizen/' 
March  1st  of  the  present  year.  After  running  for  ten 
weeks  as  a  Democratic  publication  the  publishers  left 
the  political  field  and  entered  that  of  the  agriculturist, 
horticulturist  and  stock  raiser.  They  also  changed  the 
name  of  the  paper  to  the  Palouse  Empire.  The  field 
they  have  entered  is  practically  unoccupied  by  a  publi- 
cation of  this  kind  and  as  the  editor  is  displaying 
marked  ability  in  the  discussion  of  topics  on  which 
the  Palouse  farmer  is  always  seeking  information, 
there  is  good  reason  to  believe  the  paper  will  become 
one  of  the  substantial  institutions  of  the  county.  The 
publishers  contemplate  changing  the  form  of  the  paper 
to  an  eight  column  quarto.  The  office  and  publishing 
rooms  are  in  the  Business  College  building. 


FIRST    PAPER    IN    THE    COUNTY. 

A  history  of  the  press  of  Latah  count} 

iplete   without   mention   of   the   M,i 
This 


mid  be 
Argus. 


"his  was  the  pioneer  newspaper  of  the  county.  It  was 
•ublished  in  the  winter  of  1878-9  by  the  Moscow  Lit- 
erary Society  and  its  editors  were  R.  H.  Barton, 
George  P.  Richardson  and  Dr.  William  Taylor.  They 
had  no  printing  press,  so  the  paper  was  written  out 
by  hand  and  was  read  at  the  regular  weekly  meetings 
of  the  society. 


CHAPTER  II. 


REMINISCENT. 


Throughout  the  following  pages  are  gathered  a 
few  of  the  current  legends,  stories  and  rhymes  concern- 
ing the  pioneer  days  of  northern  Idaho.  While  no  one 
can  vouch  for  the  accuracy  of  the  descriptions,  or  the 
reliability  of  the  relators,  the  sketches  are  interesting, 
and  the  local  color  strongly  suggestive  of  earlier  scenes 
in  the  settlement  of  the  territory  and  state. 

A  NORTH  IDAHO  INDIAN   MASSACRE. 

The  following  is  substantially  as  related  by  Martin 
Fry,  of  Bonners  Ferry : 

"I  came  to  Bonners  Ferry  in  1876.  The  story  of 
the  massacre,  which  I  am  about  to  relate,  I  got  from 
the  whites  wen  I  first  came  here.  But  I  have  also 
learned  it  many  times  from  the  Indians,  who  wit- 
nessed all  the  transactions  after  the  massacre  and  who 
were  familiar  with  the  massacre  itself.  I  understand 
and  can  speak  the  Kootenai  Indian  language  and  the 
account  of  the  massacre  as  told  to  me  by  several  of 
these  Indians  and  repeated  time  after  time,  has  never 
varied  in  any  particular. 

"In  the  summer  of  1866  a  party  of  five  Indians 
went,  with  their  families,  from  this  place  up  the  Koote- 
nai river  to  a  point  near  the  mouth  of  Libby  creek, 
en  a  hunting  expedition.  Previous  to  their  going, 
earlier  in  'the  season,  a  party  of  prospectors  made  a 
discovery  of  placers  up  Libby  creek.  About  the  time 
of  the  arival  of  the  Indians  at  their  camping  grounds, 
a  party  from  the  prospector's  camp  started  out  with 
pack  horses  to  obtain  provisions.  A  few  days  later 
they  returned,  reaching  the  Kootenai  river  at  a  point 
opposite  the  mouth  of  Libby  creek,  where  the  lidians 
were  encamped.  Some  of  the  Indians  appearing  on  the 
banks  of  the  stream,  the  prospectors  called  to  them  and 
asked  that  they  bring  over  the  canoes  and  assist  them 
in  getting  themselves  and  their  provisions  across  the 
river.  This  was  done.  After  reaching  the  shore, 
the  provisions  were  unloaded  from  the  boats  to  the 
backs  of  the  pack  animals,  and,  it  being  late  in  the 
afternoon,  the  party  proceeded  up  Libby  creek,  go- 
ing into  camp  for  the  night  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile 
from  the  Indian  camp. 

"After  nightfall  the  squaws  proposed  to  the  bucks 
that  the  latter  steal  up  to  the  camp  of  the  whites, 


frighten  them  away  by  some  means  and  get  their 
stock  of  provisions.  They  would  later  lay  the  blame 
for  the  theft  upon  the  Blackfeet,  who  at  this  time 
made  frequent  raids  over  the  Kootenai  country,  pilfer- 
ing not  only  from  the  occasional  white  settlers,  but 
from  the  Kootenai  Indians,  and  not  infrequently  kill- 
ing Indians  with  whom  they  came  in  contact.  The 
proposal  of  the  squaws  met  the  approval  of  the  bucks 
and  accordingly,  late  in  the  evening,  they  proceeded 
to  the  camp  of  the  prospectors  and  told  them  they  had 
discovered  signs  of  Blackfeet  Indians  in  the  vicinity 
and  that  there  was  danger  of  an  attack  from  them  at 
any  moment.  A  man  named  Allen  was  in  charge  of 
the  party,  which  consisted  of  himself,  Joe  Herron  and 
another,  whose  name  I  have  forgotten.  These  men 
had  spent  many  years  in  the  mining  camps  and  were 
accustomed  to  facing  dangers;  they  knew  the  Indian 
character  well  and  at  once  suspected  that  this  was  a 
ruse  to  frighten  them  from  their  camp  and  get  their 
provisions.  They  consequently  paid  no  attention 
to  the  warnings  of  the  Kootenais,  although  one  of  the 
party  suggested  to  Allen  that  it  might  be  well  to  go- 
on up  the  creek  to  the  main  camp  which  was  only 
a  few  miles  away.  But  Allen  said  'No.'  The  Indians 
went  away  and  the  prospectors  turned  in  for  the  night. 
"Foiled  in  their  first  attempt  to  get  the  stores  of  the 
white  men,  the  Indians  returned  to  their  tepees  and 
consulted  as  to  what  course  should  next  be  pursued. 
Just  before  daybreak  they  returned  to  where  the 
miners  were  sleeping  and  fired  a  volley  over  the  camp. 
As  it  was  thus  far  only  the  desire  of  the  Indians  to 
frighten  the  whites  away,  no  one  was  injured  by 
the  first  volley  of  shots.  Aroused  thus  suddenly  from 
their  sleep,  the  whites  sprang  to  their  feet,  but  instead 
of  fleeing,  began  hurried  preparations  to  move.  The 
Indians  were  disappointed  by  the  failure  of  their  ruse 
and  angered  by  the  actions  of  the  whites  in  refusing- 
to  be  frightened  into  deserting  their  stores.  Another 
volley  was  fired,  and  this  time  Allen  and  one  of  his 
companions  were  instantly  killed,  while  Joe  Herron 
received  a  shot  through  the  cheek.  Realizing  his 
helpless  condition.  Herron  fled  into  the  brush  where 
he  managed  to  hide  securely  from  the  Indians,  al- 
though they  spent  several  hours  beating  the  woods  in 
an  effort  to  locate  his  hiding  place.  Had  Herron 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


been  found  he  would  have  been  quickly  dispatched 
and  the  details  of  the  first  act  of  this  tragedy  would 
probably  never  have  been  told,  while  the  second  part 
would  proably  never  have  been  enacted.  But  Her- 
ron  remained  secreted,  saw  the  Indians,  whom  he 
recognized  as  the  party  of  Kootenais  that  had  rowed 
him  and  his  companions  Across  the  river  on  the  prev- 
ious afternoon,  drag  the  dead  bodies  of  their  two 
victims  away  from  the  camp,  carry  off  the  provisions 
and  lead  away  the  horses.  He  believed  that  the 
other  camp,  further  up  the  creek,  had  also  been  at- 
tacked and  feared  to  move  in  that  direction.  After 
the  Indians  had  departed,  therefore,  he  came  from 
his  hiding  place,  made  a  wide  detour  through  the 
woods  and  struck  the  Mover  trail,  several  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  Moyer  creek.  In  escaping  from  the 
camp,  his  gun  was  left  behind:  he  was  also  without 
provisions  of  any  kind  and  he  knew  it  would  ouly  be 
by  the  rarest  chance  that  he  miglit  meet  or  overtake 
white  men  with  supplies.  Nevertheless  he  at  once 
started  on  the  long  journey  down  the  trail  and  Koote- 
nai  river  for  the  Wild  Horse  mining  camps  of  British 
Columbia.  For  twenty-one  days  he  pressed  on  through 
the  long  tangled  grass  of  the  river  bottoms,  along  the 
rocky  sides  of  the  mountains,  through  forest,  under- 
brush and  valley  swamps,  swimming  streams  and 
climbing  mountains,  enduring  the  most  exhausting 
hardships  with  no  food  but  the  berries  and  roots  of 
the  forest,  and  for  the  greater  part  of  the  time  suffer- 
ing intense  pain  from"  the  shot  wound  through  his 
cheek.  After  three  weeks  of  this  wandering,  he 
reached  the  camps  of  the  miners,  completely  exhausted, 
his  shoes  worn  from  his  bleeding  feet  and  his  clothes 
in  tatters. 

"Despite  his  condition,  however,  he  rested  but  a 
few  days  before  organizing  a  posse  to  return  up  the 
valley  and  avenge  the  death  of  his  companions.  One 
division  of  the  party  went  direct  to  Bonner's  Ferry, 
anticipating  the  return  of  the  murderers  to  their 
homes  near  this  place.  Another  division  of  the  party 
went  to  the  mouth  of  Libby  creek,  the  scene  of  the 
massacre.  John  Walton,  who  was  E.  L.  Bonner's 
agent  in  conducting  the  ferry  and  trading  post,  was 
the  only  white  man  permanently  settled  in  the  coun- 
try at  that  time.  He  knew  nothing-  of  the  massacre 
until  the  arrival  of  the  posse  from  Wild  Horse.  In 
the  meantime  three  of  the  Indians  had  returned  from 
Libby  creek  and  two  had  remained  up  the  Kootenai 
river  at  the  mouth  of  Gold  creek.  When  the  miners 
reached  Bonners  Ferry,  they  found  John  Walton  at 
the  post  and  with  him  was  old  Abraham,  chief  of  the 
Kootenais,  who  had  always  been  very  friendly  to  the 
whites.  Walton  spoke  the  Kootenai  language  and 
when  told  of  the  massacre,  he  questioned  Chief 
Abraham  and  learned  that  neither  the  chief  nor  the 
tribe  knew  of  the  murders  committed  by  the  hunting 
party.  The  details  of  the  murders  were  explained 
to  Abraham  and  he  was  told  that  if  he  surrendered 
the  guilty  members  of  his  tribe  all  would  be  well; 
otherwise  the  miners  from  Wild  Horse  and  other 
regions  would  swarm  the  Kootenai  country  and  ex- 
terminate his  tribe.  Abraham  promised  to  produce 


and  surrender  the  murderers  and  at  once  proceeded 
to  the  tribal  camp,  two  or  three  miles  down  the  river. 
Summoning  the  three  into  his  presence,  he  told  them 
he  knew  all  about  the  murder  and,  furthermore,  that 
the  whites  now  at  the  trading  post  had  said  if  they 
would  return  with  them  to  Libby  creek  and  show  them 
where  they  had  cached  the  provisions  belonging  to  the 
murdered  men,  they  would  be  forgiven  and  allowed  to 
return  home.  In  this  way  Abraham  induced  the  three 
Indians  to  go  with  him  to  Walton's  store  at  the  ferry. 
The  miners,  being  apprised  of  their  approach,  secreted 
themselves  in  the  brush  at  the  roadside  near  the  store. 
When  Abraham  and  his  companions  entered  the  store, 
Walton  stepped  out,  locked  the  door  and  signaled  the 
miners,  who  at  once  rushed  into  the  building,  over- 
powered the  murderers,  bound  them  securely,  and 
placed  them  under  heavy  guard  until  ready  for  their 
departure  for  the  scene  of  the  massacre,  where  it  was 
their  intention  to  execute  the  prisoners. 

"Soon  afterward  the  start  was  made  for  Libby  creek, 
the  Indians  with  their  hands  tied  marching  in  front 
of  their  captors,  who  were  followed  by  a  band  of 
Kootenai  tribe  with  which  were  a  number  of  the 
relatives  of  the  doomed  criminals.  Arriving  at  Moyer 
creek,  seven  miles  above  Bonners  Ferry,  one  of  the 
white  men  crossed  over  and  stationed  himself  as  a 
guard  on  the  opposite  bank.  The  water  was  only 
about  four  feet  deep  and  the  Indians  were  instructed 
to  wade  across.  They  had  evidently  come  to  realize 
that  they  were  not  to  be  turned  loose  as  Chief  Abra- 
ham had  led  them  to  believe,  for  one  of  them,  when  he 
had  reached  the  middle  of  the  stream,  succeeded  in 
loosening  the  cords  upon  his  wrists  and  attempted  to 
gain  his  freedom  by  plunging  beneath  the  water,  diving 
and  swimming  toward  the  main  channel  of  the  Kootenai 
river.  A  volley  of  shots  from  the  guns  of  the  miners 
put  a  speedy  end  to  his  career  and  his  body  floated  off 
clown  the  river.  The  other  two  Indians  crossed  the 
creek  and  were  followed  by  the  rear  guard  of  the 
miners.  After  the  attempted  escape  the  miners  de- 
prisoners  were  accordingly  shot  on  the  east  bank  of 
the  Mover,  and  their  bodies  left  to  the  care  of  their 
relatives,  who  were  still  following,  but  who  had  of- 
fered no  resistance  to  the  miners.  , 

"There  were  five  participants  in  the  massacre ;  three 
of  them  had  now  been  slain.  Proceeding  on  up  the 
Kootenai  river  Herron  and  his  posse  had  no  trouble 
in  locating  the  two  at  the  mouth  of  Gold  creek.  They 
were  captured,  taken  at  once  to  Libby  creek,  the  scene 
of  the  massacre,  and  hanged.  Thus  was  the  death  oi 
the  prospectors  revenged. 

"In  all  the  history  of  the  Kootenai  Indians  there  is 
no  record  of  friction  between  them  and  the  whites 

)re  or  since  the  occurrence  narrated  above.  The 
good  old  chief  Abraham,  or,  as  he  was  called  by  the 
Indians,  'Alplam,'  died  in  the  summer  of  1882,  age 
unknown,  as  he  was  white  headed  when  the  first  set- 
tlers came  to  the  country.  Too  much  cannot  be  said 
in  praise  of  this  old  chief  who  was  greatly  beloved  by 
all  who  knew  him.  He  was  a  welcome  visitor  in  the 
homes  of  all  the  white  settlers  and  at  the  time  of 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


his  death  there  was  genuine  sorrow  among  his  white 
as  well  as  his  Indian  friends." 


EARLY  DAYS  OF  FLORENCE. 


P.  W.  Gillett,  in  the  Oregonian:  The  recent  dis- 
coveries of  gold  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Buffalo 
Hump,  in  Idaho,  recall  to  my  mind  the  great  rush  to 
the  rich  placer  mines  at  Florence  City  in  1862.  These 
mines  were  discovered  almost  by  accident  late  in  the 
fall  of  1861,  so  late  that  but  few  were  able  to  reach 
them  that  season  on  account  of  the  great  depth  of 
snow  in  the  surrounding  mountains.  The  news  of 
this  discovery  soon  spread  over  the  country  ,and  from 
the  first  of  February  until  the  last  of  May  every  steam- 
ship from  San  Francisco  to  Portland  was  crowded  to 
its  utmost  capacity  with  gold  seekers.  Early  in  the 
spring  of  1862  people  in  great  numbers  from  all  parts 
Oregon,  Washington,  Idaho  and  even  from  British 
Columbia,  began  to  roll  out  for  the  mines.  Farms, 
shops,  offices  and  stores  were  deserted  and  thousands 
left  their  homes  in  great  haste  to  reap  the  golden  har- 
vest. 

Portland  was  the  grand  starting  point,  and  though 
only  a  town  of  about  2,300,  soon  put  on  metropolitan 
airs  and  was  the  busiest  place  on  the  coast.  Hotels  were 
crowded  to  overflowing,  the  stores  were  chock  full  of 
customers,  and  the  storekeepers  were  so  busy  and 
independent  that  they  hardly  had  time  to  see  or  wait 
upon  purchasers.  These  were  Portland's  palmiest  days, 
and  then  she  first  began  to  realize  that  she  was  a  city. 
On  April  15,  1862,  with  sixteen  others,  I  started  from 
Astoria  and  joined  the  great  throng.  Each  one  took  a 
horse,  knowing  that  we  would  have  much  land  travel 
to  perform,  and  probably  have  our  food  to  carry  also. 
The  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  owned  and 
managed  all  the  steamboats  running  up  the  Columbia 
river,  and  consequently  made  prices  of  freight  and 
passengers  to  suit  themselves.  Passage  from  Portland 
to  The  Dalles,  less  than  100  miles,  was  $8,  and  75  cents 
extra  for  meals.  From  Portland  to  Lewiston,  345 
miles,  passage  was  $30,  meals  extra,  and  freight  by 
ton,  by  measurement  was  only  $120.  The  boat  that 
carried  me  to  The, Dalles  was  so  full  of  people  that  it 
took  all  day  to  serve  two  meals.  We  left  Portland  at 
5  A.  M.  At  six  o'clock  the  first  table  was  seated;  as 
soon  as  it  was  empty  another  was  made  ready,  and  so 
on  as  rapidly  as  possible,  until  about  12  o'clock,  when 
we  reached  the  lower  cascade  landing,  all  had  been 
served.  Then  it  took  until  6  p.  M.  on  the  upper  boat 
to  serve  the  next  meal.  This  rush  was  not  just  for 
a  day  or  a  week,  but  it  continued  for  several  months. 

The  Dalles,  though  but  a  village,  was  a  busy  place 
-  — a  regular  toll-gate,  where  all  who  passed  through 
had  to  pay  toll  in  some  shape.  The  town  and  suburbs 
were  dotted  with  tents  and  wagons  and  thronged 
with  busy  men,  packing  horses,  loading  wagons  and 
getting  ready  to  start.  We  left  The  Dalles  with  our 
horses  packed  with  150  to  200  pounds  of  provisions, 
camp  equipments,  etc. 

All  roads  leading  up  to  Columbia  were  full  of  peo- 
ple, horses,  teams  and  vehicles  of  every  description, 


while  the  steamboats  were  more  than  full.  It  was  a 
great  flood  tide  of  immigration  and  commerce,  roll- 
ing up  the  Columbia  valley  like  an  irresistible  torrent. 
The  Powder  river  mines  were  also  newly  discovered 
and  many  were  headed  in  that  direction. 


and 


interesting  sight  I  witnessed  as  we  passed  along  the 
narrow  trail,  just  beyond  the  mouth  of  Des  Chutes 
river.  The  ground  at  and  near  the  foot  of  the  high 
basaltic  cliff  was  covered  with  innumerable  rocks  and 
boulders  that  time  had  thrown  down  from  the  bluff. 
All  around  us,  and  as  far  as  the  eye  could  see.  were 
hundreds  of  rattlesnakes,  lazily  sunning|  themselves 
on  those  rocks.  Their  dark,  sleek  bodies  could  be  seen 
glistening  in  the  sunlight  hundreds  of  feet  away. 
They  were  of  all  sizes,  from  medium  to  very  large. 
Our  presence  did  not  disturb  them,  as  they  allowed  us 
to  pass  within  two  or  three  feet  of  them  without 
changing  their  positions.  They  were  so  numerous 
that  I  did  not  attempt  to  count  them,  but  there  were 
many  hundreds  of  them  in  sight.  There  must  have 
been  a  great  den  of  them  in  the  rocky  cliff. 

At  Umatilla  landing  we  met  a  number  of  miners 
returning  from  Powder  river,  all  glad  to  get  back,  de- 
claring that  there  was  no  gold  there  worth  the  getting. 
At  that  place  we  found  a  tent  restaurant,  "Meals  $i  ; 
with  dessert  $1.75."  We  all  took  a  full  meal  of  bacon 
and  beans,  hard  tack,  black  coffee  and  a  small  piece  of 
the  poorest  sort  of  dried  apple  pie. 

At  several  points  between  The  Dalles  and  Walla 
Walla  the  ground  was  strewn  with  dead  cattle  which 
had  starved  during  the  late  unprecedented  hard  winter. 
Where  the  city  of  Arlington  now  stands,  I  counted 
150  dead  cattle  on  less  than  one  acre  of  land.  They 
had  come  down  that  ravine  in  the  winter  in  quest  of 
water  and  food,  neither  of  which  they  could  get,  the 
river  was  frozen  over  and  the  snow  was  so  deep  they 
could  find  no  grass. 

We  passed  through  Walla  Walla  on  the  gth  of  May. 
It  consisted  of  a  row  of  small  houses  and  stores  on 
either  side  of  the  road  that  ran  through  town.  The 
country  around  Walla  Walla  and  Lewiston  was  only 
just  beginning  to  be  settled.  Between  Walla  Walla 
and  Lewiston  we  did  not  see  more  than  a  dozen  houses, 
the  most  of  which  were  in  the  Touchet,  the  homes  of 
pioneer  stockmen. 

When  we  reached  the  Alpowa  creek  we  found  In- 
dians farming  on  a  small  scale.  They  were  plowing, 
one  Indian  riding  the  horse,  another  holding  the  little 
home-made  plow.  Near  the  mouth  of  that  creek  was 
quite  a  good  farm,  the  old  home  of  Rev.  H.  H.  Spald- 
ing,  who  settled  there  in  1836.  Here  I  saw  a  clump  of 
apple  trees  in  full  bloom.  This  orchard  was  planted 
by  Mr.  Spakling  and,  except  those  at  Vancouver 
planted  by  some  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  people,  were 
probably  the  first  fruit  trees  of  this  sort  planted  on 
the  North  Pacific  coast.  Reaching  Snake  river,  oppo- 
site the  town  of  Lewiston,  we  found  the  bank  of  the 
river  covered  with  hundreds  of  men,  horses  and  ve- 
hicles of  all  sorts  awaiting  their  turn  to  get  across  the 
river.  We  took  our  place  in  line,  but  did  not  get  across 
until  dark.  We  put  up  our  tent  in  the  town.  During; 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


the  night  we  were  disturbed  by  the  firing  of  pistols  and 
the  whizzing  of  bullets  so  unexpectedly  near  that  the 
next  morning  we  moved  further  back.  Drunkenness, 
gambling,  crime  and  murder  were  in  full  blast  in 
Lewiston.  T  will  quote  from  my  diary  kept  at  the  time, 
which  will  show  the  condition  of  things  as  I  Saw  them 
and  how  the  cov.ntry  apoeared  at  that  time : 

May  12,  1862— Lewiston  is  a  brisk  place.  There 
are  stores  and  shops  of  every  sort,  law,  doctor,  dentist 
and  express  offices.  The  town  is  built  of  canvas,  poles, 
logs  and  split  boards.  Wood  is  worth  $10  per  cord; 
split  boards,  three  feet  long,  $50  per  thousand,  and 
shingles  $25  per  thousand.  There  is  a  small  steam 
sawmill  here,  making  lumber  of  logs  floated  40  miles 
down  the  Clearwater  river,  which  sells  at  $100  per 
thousand.  Town  lots  are  all  the  rage.  Everybody  is 
buying  lots,  selling  lots,  squatting  on  lots,  jumping  lots 
and  lawing  about  lots.  Yet  Lewiston  is  situated  upon 
cm  Indian  reservation,  and  no  one  has  any  title  to  the 
lots,  save  squatter's  rights — squatter's  sovereignty. 
Lots  are  selling  at  $50  to  $1,000. 

May  15— My  friend,  G.  L.  Woo'd,  of  Yamhill  coun- 
ty, dined  with  me  today.  I  borrowed  an  extra  tin 
plate,  cup,  knife  and  spoon,  and  entertained  him  in 
fine  style.  He  i's  running  the  ferry  across  Snake  river 
and  is  making  money.  (A  few  years  later  he  was 
elected  governor  of  Oregon).  The  mighty  flood  of 
human  life  still  rushes  on  with  restless  steps  and  eager 
hopes.  Pack  trains  and  vehicles  of  every  sort  come 
laden  with  provisions,  merchandise  and  lots  of  whisky. 
The  town  still  grows,  houses  springing  up  like  magic, 
saloons  and  gambling  houses  are  numerous  and  are 
full  of  people  night  and  day.  Here  fools  and  their 
money  part  to  meet  no  more.  There  is  much  crime  and 
frequent  murders  here. 

May  24— Mounted  my  horse  this  morning  and 
started  for  Florence  City,  accompanied  by  a  merchant 
from  Walla  Walla.  We  passed  through  "a  fertile  roll- 
ing country  until  we  reached  the  summit  of  the  Blue 
mountains,  where  we  found  pine  and  tamarack  timber 
thinly  scattered  over  a  well-tufted  surface,  making  it 
resemble  an  extensive  and  beautiful  park.  The  trail 
follows  a  broad  and  almost  level  ridge  that  grows 
broader  as  we  advance  until  it  seems  more  like  an  un- 
dilating  than  a  mountainous  country.  At  6  p.  in.  we 
stopped  and  "staked  out"  our  horses,  made  a  cup  of 
tea,  and  ate  our  meal  of  hardtack,  cheese  and  dried 
beef.  When  we  awoke  our  blankets  were  white  with 
frost. 

May  23 — The  scenery  along  the  trail  today  is  the 
most  picturesque  and  beautiful  I  ever  saw.  The  face 
of  the  country  is  diversified  with  timber  and  prairie 
happily  interspersed,  with  hills  and  dales,  glens  and 
glades  and  dancing  streams.  At  10  a.  m.,  as  we 
emerged  from  the  timber,  we  came  in  full  view  of  the 
famous  Camas  prairie,  stretching  almost  from  the  Sal- 
mon to  the  Clearwater  river  and  about  eighteen  miles 
in  width— a  sea  of  verdure  and  an  Eden  of  flowers. 
We  descended  by  a  long,  sloping  point  into  the  prairie, 
and  found  the  soil  very  black  and  exceedingly  fertile, 
though  inhabited  only  by  Indians  and  wild  animals. 
It  is  too  valuable  a  country  to  remain  long  in  this  use- 


iess  and  neglected  condition.     It  will  not  be  long  until 

rural  district. 

When  my  Walla  Walla  companion  overtook  his 
pack  train,  I  had  to  proceed  alone.  In  passing  through 
White  Bird  creek  I  saw  many  Indian  lodges,  the  most 
conspicuous  of  which  was  that  of  Eagle-of-the-Light, 
the  chief,  and  a  great  many  Indians,  but  they  did  not 
molest  me,  except  to  urge  and  almost  force  me  to  cross 
a  rude  bridge  they  had  constructed  across  a  small  creek 
for  which  they  wanted  me  to  pay  $i.  But  I  firmly  re- 
fused and  rode  acoss  the  creek  below  the  bridge. 

At  5  o'clock  p.  m.,  I  reached  a  large  encampment 
of  people  just  below  the  snow  line,  and  about  two  miles 
this  side  of  the  Mountain  house,  and  stopped  all  night. 
Late  in  the  evening  news  came  in  that  the  large  gang 
of  men  employed  to  shovel  out  the  snow  and  cut  and 
remove  the  logs  and  make  a  passable  trail,  had  just 
completed  their  work. 

May  27— Mounted  my  horse  at  6  a.  m.  and  started 
alone  for  Florence  City.  "  The  snow  was  piled  so  high 
on  either  side  of  the  trail  for  several  miles  that  I  could 
not  see  over  it — in  some  places  it  was  10  feet  deep.  I 
reached  Florence  at  4  p.  m.  and  was  the  first  man  to 
enter  Florence  on  horseback.  When  I  reached  the 
mining  district  and  the  miners  got  sight  of  my  horse, 
they  threw  down  their  picks  and  shovels,  tossed  up 
their  hats  and  shouted  .and  yelled  as  if  they  were  crazy 
This  din  of  shouts  followed  me  until  I  reached  the 

cheaper  food  and  all  sorts  of  merchandise.  All  winter 
they  had  paid  40  cents  a  pound  to  men  to  pack  in  their 
supplies  of  all  sorts  from  the  Mountain  house,  twelve 
miles  away,  on  their  backs. 

June  2 — A  continuous  stream  of  people  is  pouring 
into  Florence  which  gives  it  an  exceedingly  busy  appear- 
ance. There  is  still  some  snow  on  the  ground,  but  it 
is  rapidly  melting  away.  Having  never  been  in  a  min- 
ing camp  before,  it  is  very  interesting  and  new  to  me. 
Everyone  but  the  newcomers  are  as  busy  as  bees,  dig- 
ging, ditching  and  washing  out  gold  in  cradles  and 
sluices.  Immense  heaps  of  fresh  earth  are  piled  up  in 
every  direction  and  the  whole  country  is  so  full  of  pros- 
pect holes  that  it  seems  totally  ruined.  I  spent  a  clay 
visiting  several  claims  and  found  many  anxious  to  sell 
out,  although  all  claimed  that  their  properties  were 
very  rich. 

June  8. — This  morning  reports  were  circulated  that 
exceedingly  rich  diggings  had  just  been  discovered  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Buffalo  Hump,  about  sixty  miles 
in  a  northeasterly  direction  from  here.  A  few  miners 
who  seemed  to  know  where  the  new  discoveries  are 
started  off  in  the  night  to  prevent  the  crowd  from  fol- 
lowing them.  All  day  people  by  hundreds,  and  perhaps 
by  thousands,  are  getting  ready  as  fast  as  possible  to 
go.  Many  start  with  packs  on  their  backs,  while  others 
take  horses  well  laden  with  food  to  last  weeks. 

June  10.— Still  hundreds  of  excited  men  are  rush- 
ing off  to  the  Buffalo  Hump.  Within  two  days  flour 
has  advanced  from  50  cents  to  $i  a  pound,  and  almost 
all  sorts  of  provisions  in  like  proportion,  on  account  of 
the  extraordinary  demand. 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


June  15. — The  town  is  alive  with  people  today. 
Everybody  goes  to  town  on  Sunday  to  lay  in  supplies, 
see  the  sights,  get  and  send  letters,  buy  newspapers  and 
take  a  rest.  Newspapers  cost  $i  each.  I  can  only 
afford  three  a  week.  On  almost  every  corner  an  auc- 
tioneer is  selling  horses,  goods  and  merchandise  of 
every  sort.  Great  clumps  of  people  stand  in  the  streets 
discussing  the  "new  diggings."  The  saloons  are  full 
of  people.  Many  are  gambling,  hundreds  drinking, 
while  some  are  simply  idling  away  the  time  and  listen- 
ing to  the  alluring  chink  of  coin  on  the  gaming  tables. 
Frequent  quarrels  occur  at  the  gaming  tables  which  al- 
most always  culminate  in  shooting,  and  often  killing. 
Not  infrequently  some  drunken  ruffian  draws  his  re- 
volver and  begins  to  shoot  in  the  midst  of  the  vast 
crowd,  often  killing  or  wounding  some  one  and  creat- 
in  a  fearful  stampede.  Such  is  Sunday  in  Florence. 
Here  the  congressman,  legislator,  judge,  divine,  doctor, 
•lawyer,  merchant,  farmer,  laborer  and  sailor  mingle 
in  the  same  crowd,  wear  slouch  hats,  blue  shirts  and 
ragged  or  patched  breeches.  Nearly  all  of  this  vast 
horde  of  gamblers,  roughs  and  desperadoes  are  from 
California — the  remainder,  dregs  and  offspring  of 
that  foul  collection  of  villians  that  flooded  California 
in  1.849  to  l&52>  ten  to  thirteen  years  ago.  There  is  no 
•law  here,  or  none  that  sees,  abates,  retards  or  punishes 
crime.  Scarcely  a  'day  passes  that  some  one  is  not 
killed  or  wounded.  There  has  been  strong  talk  of  es- 
tablishing a  vigilance  committee,  but  as  yet  nothing 
has  been  done.  The  decent  people  of  Florence  endure 
.these  outrages  with  remarkable  fortitude. 

June  18.— The  price  of  flour  and  provisions  is  go- 
ing down.  I  bought  today  50  pounds  of  flour  for 
$27.50,  and  a  five-gallon  keg  of  syrup  for  $25.  Fresh 
beef,  mutton  and  bacon  sell  at  50  to  60  cents  per  pound. 

June  21,  1862. — News  came  in  by  express  today 
that  both  Corinth  and  Richmond  had  surrendered  and 
were  occupied  by  United  States  troops.  The  Union 
men  in  our  neighborhood  assembled  at  Squire  At- 
wood's  camp  (Atwood  of  the  Cascades)  to  celebrate 
the  event.  The  squire  has  an  old-fashioned  brass  Eng- 
lish blunderbuss  that  would  make  as  much  noise  as  a 
modern  six-pounder,  which  he  fired  after  each  speech. 
At  the  close  of  the  speaking  the  old  squire  was  so  full 
of  patriotism  that  he  overloaded  the  blunderbuss  and 
blew  her  into  atoms,  after  which  we  gave  six  rousing 
cheers  for  the  Union  and  adjourned.  (The  report  of 
the  surrender  of  Richmond  was  untrue.) 

June  25.— Great  numbers  of  miners  are  returning 
from  the  Buffalo  Hump,  thoroughly  tired  and  dis- 
gusted, having  found  no  gold  worth  the  taking.  On 
their  way  there  many  got  lost  in  the  mountains  and 
wandered  around  for  days,  and  were  followed  by  others 
who  supposed  they  were  on  the  right  way  to  the  mines. 
Many  horses  died  from  overwork  and  want  of  food. 

July  4. — Ice  was  frozen  last  night,  and  I  never  saw 
so  white  a  frost  as  covered  the  earth  this  morning. 
The  boom  of  guns  announcing  the  "Glorious  Fourth" 
awoke  me  this  morning. 

July  6.— Among  all  of  my  friends  and  acquaint- 
ances here  none  are  making  anything.  Great  numbers 


of  people  are  selling  off  everything  and  preparing  to 
leave. 

July  15.- -Hundreds  of  tents  that  studded  the  hills 
surrounding  Florence  have  disappeared,  and  are  now 
deserted  and  desolate. 

July  17 — Scorching  frost  this  morning.  Another 
man  was  shot  and  killed  in  town  today  by  a  brutal 
gambler,  who  as  usual  was  allowed  to  go  unpunished. 

July  18.— This  morning  two  new  comers  took  up  a 
a  claim  on  Sand  creek  that  had  been  taken  and  aban- 
doned by  more  than  half  a  dozen  different  parties,  but 
those  fellows  struck  the  right  spot,  and  found  $50  to 
$100  to  the  pan.  Another  man  was  killed  in  town  last 
night. 

Nearly  all  the  rich  claims  here  are  in  or  very  close 
to  Summit  flat,  and  I  believe  they  do  not  cover  two 
square  miles:  and  the  entire  Florence  mining  district 
does  not  cover  more  than  four  or  five  square  miles. 
There  are  some  very  rich  placer  diggings  here,  and 
much  gold  has  been  taken  out,  but  I  truly  believe  that 
five  times  as  much  money  has  been  expended  in  coming 
here  and  searching  for  gold  and  getting  back  again  as 
has  been  or  ever  will  be  taken  out  of  these  mines. 

Excepting  the  great  excitement  of  1849  an(i  ^5° 
there  has  never  been  on  this  coast  a  mining  excite- 
ment equal  to  that  of  1862.  I  have  no  means  of  know- 
ing the  number  of  people  who  went  to  Florence  during 
this  excitement,  but  it  was  very  large.  Hundreds, 
perhaps  thousands,  had  to  sponge  or  beg  their  way 
back  home,  not  being  able  to  find  paying  diggings  or 
get  employment. 

REMINISCENT — 1877. 

One  dark  night  very  early  in  July,  1877,  just  two 
days  before  the  first  victory  of  the  troops  over  Joseph 
in  the  battle  on  Cottonwood  creek,  a  courier  from  Fort 
Lapwai  galloped  into  Lewiston  at  full  speed  and  dis- 
mounting in  front  of  General  Sulley's  headquarters  on 
Main  street,  vigorously  pounded  on  the  door  until  it 
was  opened.  The  hour  was  about  midnight,  and  with 
the  exception  of  the  volunteer  guards  thrown  around 
the  town,  most  of  the  inhabitants  had  long  been 
wrapped  in  the  arms  of  Morpheus. 

The  general  came  to  the  door  and  learned  that  the 
messenger  was  from  the  Indian  agent,  who  had  sent 
warning  that  the  Indians  were  crossing  the  creek  near 
the  agency  in  large  numbers  and  were  apparently  head- 
ing toward  Lewiston.  The  agent  advised  the  inhabi- 
tants to  prepare  for  an  attack  and,  if  possible,  send 
word  to  the  few  settlers  south  and  east  of  the  city.  At 
that  time  General  Sulley,  who  was  an  Indian  fighter  of 
note,  was  stationed  at  Lewiston  in  charge  of  the  com- 
missary department  of  the  army  in  this  region,  and  by 
virtue  of  his  position  and  experience  practically  in 
command  of  military  affairs  in  Lewiston.  The  old 
general  expressed  his  opinion  regarding  the  suspected 
attack  in  most  emphatic  terms,  holding  that  such  an 
attack  was  not  reasonable  and,  moreover,  contrary  to 
the  custom  of  the  Indians  in  that  they  never  attack 
large  towns  or  cities.  However,  to  satisfy  the  populace 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


1225 


he  sent  G.  K.  Vincent  to  the  sheriff's  office,  where  he 
found  Under  Sheriff  Kress  and  told  him  the  news. 
They  decided  to  quietly  warn  the  isolated  settlers  and 
•otherwise  prepare  the  town  in  cast  an  attack  should  be 

Accordingly  Mr.  Kre^s  enlisted  the  aid  of  James 
McCormick,  Joseph  Yane,  Al.  Dunwell,  Fred  Manning 
.and  five  or  six  others,  who  hastily  saddled  their  ani- 
mals and  went  on  their  mission  of  warning  the  settlers. 

Meanwhile,  however,  the  news  that  the  redskins 
were  coming  had  in  some  mysterious  manner  been 
spread  abroad  and  in  a  comparatively  short  time  all 
Lewiston  was  astir  and  preparing  for  the  murderous 
onslaught.  The  guards  were  hastily  assembled  and 
the  two  cannons  in  the  town,  one  located  about  oppo- 
site where  the  Od4  Fellows  hall  now  stands,  the  other 
at  the  west  end  of  Main  street,  were  quickly  manned. 
Captain  Williams  took  charge  of  one  gun  and  Knaggs, 
the  O.  S.  N.  Company's  agent  here  at  that  time,  com- 
manded the  other  squad. 

A  log  cabin,  formerly  a  store  building,  stood  where 
the  First  National  bank. now  stands,  and  here  General 
Sulley's  headquarters  had  been  established.  As  the 
people  became  aroused  they  congregated  in  large  num- 
bers in  front  of  this  building  where  all  was  excitement 
and  bustle.  General  Sulley  himself  hurrying  around  in 
"his  shirt  sleeves  and  trying  to  calm  the  people's  fears. 
Some  were  armed,  others  demanded  guns  and  all  were 
anxious  to  assist  in  the  defense  of  their  home. 

The  Indians  not  appearing  on  the  scene  and  scouts 
being  unable  to  find  a  trace  of  the  marauding  redskins, 
the  excitement  gradually  wore  away  and  the  people 
returned  to  their  homes."  The  guards  remained  on  duty 
all  night  but  their  vigilance  was  not  rewarded  by  even 
a  sight  of  their  dusky  foes. 

In  the  morning  it' was  learned  that  the  Indians  who 
were  reported  as  crossing  the  Laywai  and  proceeding 
toward  Lewiston  were  friendly  Nez  Perces  moving 
stock  and  that  their  numbers  had  been  greatly  over 
estimated.  It  is  true  that  the  sympathies  of  the  reser- 
vation Indians  were  with  Joseph  and  it  is  also  true  that 
many  so  called  friendly  Indians  afterwards  joined  the 
warriors,  so  that  it  can  be  truthfully  said  that  Lewis- 
tonians  had  reasonable  grounuds  for  their  first  In- 
dian scare. 

MOONEY'S  ADVENTURE. 

All  old  timers  well  remember  the  flurry  caused  in 
eastern  Washington  and  north  Idaho  during  the  sum- 
mer of  1878  by  the  announcement  that  the  savage 
Bannocks  had  broken  loose  from  the  Fort  Hall  reser- 
vation and  in  company  with  the  equally  heartless 
Piutes  of  central  Oregon  were  pursuing  a  course 
-directly  toward  this  region.  The  stories  which  came 
from  time  to  time  from  the  seat  of  war  of  cruel  mur- 
ders and  massacres,  the  sacking  and  pillaging  of  prop- 
•erty,  the  stealing  of  stock  and  the  destruction  of  other 
property  only  added  to  the  apprehension  felt  by  many 
in  this  section  and  the  country  was  on  the  alert  for 
any  news  pertaining  to  the  warring  redskins,  though 
only  a  comparatively  small  number  actually  feared 


trouble.  Even  after  the  defeat  of  the  Indians  near 
Pendleton  and  the  dispersal  into  small  bands,  these 
fears  still  continued  and  had  not  entirely  died  out  in 
1879,  tne  Year  °f  our  story. 

About  this  time  also,  there  lived  in  Portland  a  man 
named  Mooney,  who  was  a  successful  fancy  goods 
merchant.  Mooney  was  not  content  to  deal  with  Ore- 
gonians,  only,  but  as  a  firm  believer  in  trade  expan- 
sion, and  this  explains  how  it  was  that  one  crisp  Oc- 
tober morning,  while  vague  rumors  of  Indian  trouble 
still  filled  the  air,  he  took  his  seat  in  the  Lewiston 
stage  at  Walla  Walla,  his  purpose  being  to  extend  his 
business  operations  as  far  east  as  this  north  Idaho 
town.  "Dutch  John,"  a  veteran  stage  driver  known 
throughout  the  entire  northwest,  held  the  reins  and 
Mooney's  only  other  companion  was  a  fellow  drum- 
mer. As  the  stage  rolled  rapidly  along,  the  three 
men  became  very  sociable,  as  might  be  expected,  and 
soon  the  passengers  were  deeply  interested  in  the 
yarns  which  "Dutch  John"  spun  for  their  benefit. 
John's  life  had  not  been  very  prosaic  and  what  few 
hairbreadth  escapes  and  blood-curdling  experiences  he 
had  been  unfortunate  enough  to  miss,  his  imagination 
readily  conceived.  With  such  a  foundation  to  build 
upon  and  with  the  skill  of  story  telling  which  he  pos- 
sessed, partly  natural  and  partly  acquired,  along  with 
the  companion  art  of  handling  a  stage  coach,  it  was 
not  strange  that  he  was  able  to  construct  such  thrill- 
ing and  wonderful  stories  as  to  hold  his  audience 
completely  at  his  mercy.  Soon  the  theme  became  the 
recent  Bannock  war  and  "Dutch  John"  would  appear 
to  have  been  one  of  the  foremost  men  in  that  affair 
and  to  have  been  then  in  possession  of  the  most  ex- 
clusive news  of  the  redskins"  secret  movements.  This 
information  was  exclusive,  probably,  in  that  John  was 
the  only  one  in  possession  of  these  facts.  Mooney, 
who  is  described  as  being  of  slight  build,  in  the  early 
'thirties,  of  a  decidedly  serious  cast  of  mind  and  very 
impressionable,  eagerly  swallowed  these  stories  and 
the  effects  produced  were  easily  detected  in  his  nerv- 
ous actions.  Meanwhile  his  fellow  traveler  had  joined 
forces  with  the  driver  and  by  the  time  the  coach 
reached  the  Alpowa  there  was  a  thorough  understand- 
ing between  these  two  conspirators. 

While  passing  this  point,  "Dutch  John"  noticed 
that  one  of  the  squaws  living  there  was  shaking  a 
blanket  in  the  breeze.  Instantly  he  took  advantage 
of  this  exclusive  bit  of  information  and  turning  to 

Dney  he  cried,  "See  that  squaw  up  there  waving 
that  blanket?  Well,  that  is  the  signal  agreed  upon 
between  her  and  the  redskins  and  it  means  that  the 
varmits  are  about  to  attack  us."  With  that  he  applied 
the  lash  and  quickened  the  speed  of  the  stage.  Mooney 
turned  excitedly  toward  the  Indian  figure  outlined 
against  the  sky.  The  fellow  passenger  quickly  drew 
his  derringer,  took  off  his  hat  and  dodging  down,  fired 
through  the  crown.  The  shot  incited  the  horses  to 
greater  speed,  "Dutch  John''  wildly  gesticulated  and 
yelled,  while  Mooney,  now  thoroughly  frightened, 

iched  down  in  the  bottow  of  the  stage  for  protec- 
and  there  carefully  examined  his  fellow  passen- 
ger's hat.  "A  pretty  close  call."  he  remarked.  After 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


a  little,  no  Indians  appearing,  the  party  regained  their 
composure,  though  this  little  incident  only  brought 
forth  a  fresh  deluge  of  stories  from  "Dutch  John." 

With  never  a  stop  the  stage  proceeded  at  a  rapid 
speed  until  Silcott's  ferry  across  the  Clearwater  was 
reached.  There  the  passengers  got  out  and  Mooney, 
his  legs  still  shaking,  sank  to  his  knees  and  humbly 
and  devoutly  thanked  the  Father  who  watches  over 
all  for  his  narrow  escape  from  a  frightful  death  and 
piteously  begged  that  He  continue  to  watch  over  him 
while  he  was  in  this  wild  region. 

Arriving  at  Lewiston  about  twilight,  Dutch  John" 
drove  his  stage  to  the  hotel  and  deposited  his  passen- 
gers and  freight.  Then  he  proceeded  to  carry  out  the 
bold  plan  which  had  been  slowly  maturing  in  his  mind. 
Several  were  let  into  the  secret  that  the  Indians  were 
marching  on  the  town  and  that' a  strong  guard  would 
be  necessary  to  save  the  inhabitants  of  this  fair  city 
from  instant  massacre.  Sometime  in  1877  a  home 
guard  had  been  organized  and  during  the  early  part  of 
the  Bannock  war  this  organization  had  been  partly 
revived  in  case  of  an  emergency  call.  Charles  G. 
Kress,  the  pioneer  jeweler,  was  in  command  of  this 
temporarily  organized  guard  and  before  him  ''Dutch 
John"  laid  his  plan.  -  Kress  consented. 

After  removing  some  of  the  marks  of  travel  from 
his  clothes,  Mooney  decided  the  sooner  he  had  tran- 
sacted his  business  here  and  gotten  away  the  better 
it  would  be  for  his  peace  of  mind.  With  this  idea  in 
mind  he  immediately  proceeded  down  the  street  to 

street  and  at  once  entered  upon  his  work  of  securing 
orders.  He  had  not  been  engaged  in  conversation 
very  long  before  Captain  Kress  with  a  squad  of  a 
dozen  men  appeared  at  the  front  door  and  entered. 
He  announced  that  news  of  a  contemplated  Indian 
attack  had  been  received  and  that  he  had  called  for  the 
purpose  of  enlisting  a  few  more  men  to  stand  guard 
that  night.  The  employes  had  been  taken  into  the 
scheme  and  immediately  they  began  donning  their 
coats  and  securing  their  guns  as  if  the  summons  was 
a  matter  of  every  day  occurrence.  Mooney  hastily 
terminated  his  call  and  started  toward  the  door.  But 
he  was  not  to  escape  so  easily  for  Kress  halted  him 
and  requested  him  to  step  into  the  ranks.  Mooney 
protested  that  he  did  not  care  to  fight  Indians,  that 
he  had  no  gun  and  finally  that  he  had  business  to 
attend  to. 

"We  cannot  excuse  you,"  said  Kress,  "as  we  need 
every  man  we  can  muster.  We  will  arm  you.  You 
will  have  to  do  the  same  as  the  rest  and  take  your 
turn  at  guard  duty." 

Mooney  protested,  but  in  vain.  A  needle  gun  and 
some  shells  were  given  him,  and  walking  with  Kress 
at  the  head  of  the  line,  the  guard  marched  two  by 
two  up  the  Snake  river  and  by  a  trail  (which  fol- 
lowed the  line  of  the  present  road  from  Snake  River 
avenue  up  on  Normal  hill)  to  the  top  of  the  hill 
overlooking  the  river.  The  year  previous,  1877,  the 
citizens  had  constructed  a  rude  rifle  trench  here  in 
anticipation  of  an  attack  from  the  Nez  Perces.  Here 
the  line  stopped  and  Captain  Kress  ordered  Mooney 


to  take  his  post.  Instructions  were  issued  to  him 
concerning  his  actions  in  case  of  an  attack  and  he  was 
told  in  impressive  tones  that  death  at  sunrise  was  the 
penalty  meted  out  to  men  who  deserted  their  posts 
while  on  guard.  "Lewiston"  was  the  password. 
Mooney  begged  that  he  be  allowed  to  go  to  the  tele- 
graph office  and  telegraph  to  Portland  concerning  his 
danger  and  the  disposition  of  his  property  in  case 
he  should  meet  death,  but  being  refused,  took  the 
situation  bravely  and  grimly  answered  that  they  would 
find  him  faithful.  Then  the  detachment  marched  on 
across  the  hill  and  down  a  trail  where  the  Fifth  street 
grade  has  lately  been  made  to  the  city.  At  the  Ray- 
mond, hotel  the  drinks  were  passed  around  among 
those  who  wished  to  imbibe,  and  the  guards  made 
merry  while  the  lone  picket  stood  faithfully  by  his  post 
and  patiently  awaited  the  merciless  onslaught  of  the 
enemy. 

Hour  after  hour  passed  and  still  no  movements 
in  the  darkness  did  he  perceive.  The  intense  still- 
ness, the  suffocating  darkness  unnerved  him  and  he 
was  about  to  cast  himself  upon  the  mercy  of  his  white 
friends  when  he  was  startled  into  action  by  a  series 
of  blood-curdling  whoops  and  yells  which  seemed  to 
rend  the  very  atmosphere  into  fragments.  It  was  now 
nearly  midnight.  Louder  and  louder  grew  the  cries 
and  nearer  and  nearer  came  the  enemy.  Mooney 
bravely  stood  his  ground  and  sought  to  penetrate  the 
darkness  around  him.  Now  he  could  see  the  skulk- 
ing forms.  With  blankets  about  their  heads,  weapons 

meaning  he  knew  not;  he  saw  them  advance. toward 
his  post.  Now  and  then  the  flash  of  a  gun  accom- 
panied by  the  roar  which  followed  denoted  the  posi- 
tion of  the  hostiles.  The  whole  tribe  seemed  to  be 
charging.  Mooney  tried  to  sound  the  alarm  but  the 
trigger  "fell  harmlessly  on  the  cap  which  refused  to 
explode.  Again  and  again  did  he  load  but  fate  seemed 
to  be  conspiring  against  him  for  the  cartridges  abso- 
lutely refused  to  do  their  duty.  (Had  Mooney  in- 
vestigated he  would  have  found  that  the  loads  had 
been  carefully  extracted  from  the  shells,  which  were 
useless  in  the  first  place.) 

Suddenly,  when  within  fifty  yards  of  the  earth- 
works, the  enemy  drew  together  for  a  grand  charge,, 
and  with  renewed  energy  raised  their  cries  and  yells 
and  dashed  forward.  Mooney  could  stand  the  strain, 
no  longer.  Coward  or  no  coward  he  would  never  stay 
to  be  scalped  even  though  the  act  did  reward  him  with 
a  hero's  crown.  Flinging  his  useless  gun  aside,  he 
fled  precipitately  down  the  hillside.  At  the  foot  of 
the  hill  or  bluff  and  directly  in  his  path  stood  Will- 
iam Kettenbach's  chicken  coop,  a  building  of  respect- 
able dimensions.  This  structure  Mooney  cleared  at 
one  leap  and  then  bounded  onward  toward  the  Snake 
river,  preferring  a  watery  grave  to  death  at  the  hands 
of  a  savage  wariror.  Just  at  the  water's  edge  he 
tan  into  three  men,  one  of  whom  was  William  Boise, 
who  is  still  a  resident  of  Lewiston.  Boise  grasped 
Mooney  and  together  the  quartet  rushed  back  to  town. 
Here  his  friends  assured  him  that  the  Indians  had 
retreated  and  that  the  danger  was  now  past.  They 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


congratulated  him  on  his  remarkable  escape,  sym- 
pathized with  him  and  led  him  away  to  the  hotel 
where,  they  said,  he  might  now  rest  in  peace. 

A  few  minutes  later  the  six  or  seven  white  Indians 
who  had  so  valiantly  stormed  the  ramparts  above 
town,  the  three  who  had^been  sent  around  to  inter-' 
cept  Mooney  should  he  attempt  to  plunge  into  the 
Snake  and  a  score  of  others  who  had  been  let  into  the 
conspiracy  met  and  exchanged  congratulations  on 
their  little  joke,  one  of  the  most  successful  ever  per- 
petrated' in  this  region.  The  joke  was  too  good  to  be 
kept  among  a  few  and  not  many  hours  passed  before 
the  story  was  common  property.  Mooney  spent  the 
next  day  in  Lewiston  and  it  is  very  probable  that  he 
was  told  the  true  history  of  the  Indian  scare  before 
another  night  shrouded  the  city  in  darkness.  '  It  is 
known  that  the  next  stage  numbered  among  its  pas- 
sengers the  hero  of  the  Lewiston  Indian  scare  of  1878. 

The  following  touching  story  of  the  death  and 
burial  of  "Stumpy"  Wicks,  one  of  the  early  charac- 
ters of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  district,  is  told  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alene  Eagle  under  date  of  May  3,  1884.  The  story 
vividly  portrays  the  conditions  which  then  existed  in 
the  Eagle  camp. 

"OVER   THE    RANGE." 

"  'Stumpy'  Wicks  was  dead.  The  mountain  fever 
had  killed  him.  A  few  days  before  he  started  off 
into  the  hills,  telling  the  boys  that  he  would  find  some- 
thing rich,  or  never  go  out  again.  He  did  not  find 
anything  rich,  and  he  never  went  out  again.  The 
fever  laid  its  grip  upon  him,  and  in  three  days  he  was 
dead.  He  had  "gone  over  the  range,"  the  boys  said. 

"It  became  necessary  to  bury  'Stumpy'  Wicks. 
And  how  was  he  to  be  buried?  By  his  relatives? 
He  had  no  relatives.  By  his  pard  ?  He  had  no  pard. 
By  the  town  ?  There  was  no  town.  Forty  years  ago 
'Stumpy'  Wicks  had  left  his  home — no  one  knows 
where — and  his  people — no  one  knows  whom —  to 
wander  in  the  west.  He  died  alone.  His  wife,  his 
mother,  his  sister,  if  he  had  one,  will  never  know 
where  he  died,  or  what  hands  laid  him  in  the  grave. 

"It  was  the  boys.  They  got  together  and  made 
a  coffin  out  of  a  box  or  two,  and  covered  it  with  black 
cloth.  They  put  'Stumpy'  into  it,  with  a  clean  flour 
sack  over  his  poor,  dead  face.  They  chipped  in  and 
hired  an  ex-parson,  who  for  some  years  had  abandoned 
his  profession  to  give  "  'Stumpy'  a  send-off."  They 
dug  a  grave  to  a  good  and  honest  depth  in  the  tough, 
red  earth.  They  went  out  and  found  a  flat  rock  for 
a  headstone,  and  on  it,  with  an  engineer's  graver,  they 
scratched  the  brief  epitaph,  '  "Stumpy"  Wicks.'  Then 
they  followed  the  coffin  wagon  to  the  grave,  walking 
through  the  mud  and  rain. 

"There  were  forty  men  in  that  funeral  procession, 
and  not  one  woman.  Very  few  were  drunk,  and  nearly 
all  had  taken  off  their  six-shooters.  There  were  forty 
men  who  stood  around  that  open  grave,  and  not  one 
woman  to  drop  a  tear,  as  the  ex-parson  read  a  brief 
portion  of  the  Episcopal  burial  service  and  offered 
a  short  prayer  for  the  safe  journey  of  'Stumpy's' 


soul  over  the  range.  There  was  no  history  of 
'Stumpy's'  life.  No  one  knew  his  history.  It  was 
doubtless  a  sad  enough  one,  full  of  slips  and  stumbles, 
full  of  hope,  perhaps  before  he  had  finally  'lost  his 
grip.'  They  found  a  woman's  picture,  very  old,  and 
quite  worn  out,  indeed,  in  'Stumpy's'  pocket  and  this 
was  buried  with  him.  This  was  probably  his  history. 

"There  was  not  a  tear  shed  at  'Stumpy's'  funeral. 
Not  a  sob  was  heard  but  neither  were  there  any  oaths 
or  any  laughter. 

"When  the  time  came  to  fill  up  the  grave,  ready 
hearts  assisted  ready  hands,  and  the  experienced 
miners  quickly  did  the  work.  They  rounded  up  the 
mound  and  fitted  up  the  head-stone.  When  the  ex- 
parson  stepped  back  from  the  grave  he  stumbled  over 
the  head-stone  of  Billy  Robbins,  the  gambler,  whom 
Antoine  Sanchez  knifed.  There  were  a  good  many 
of  the  boys  resting  there.  The  bullet,  the  knife  and 
the  mountain  fever  had  finished  them,  except  those 
whom  the  committee  assisted.  It  was  the  committee 
who  put  Antoine  Sanchez  at  the  foot  of  Billy  Rob- 
bins'  grave. 

"There  was  no  green  thing  in  this  graveyard,  no 
living  plants,  no  little  flowers.  It  lay  red  and  bare 
upon  a  red  and  bare  hillside.  There  were  no  white 
stones  to  mark  the  homes  of  the  sleepers ;  those  used 
were  of  the  rough,  red  granite. 

"The  boys  were  quiet.  They  were  thinking,  per- 
haps. They  looked  up  at  the  sky,  which  strangely 
enough,  had  in  it  no  tint  of  blue,  and  the  sky,  in 
pity  that  no  tear  was  shed,  wept  some  upon  them. 

'  "As  the  procession  broke  up  and  moved  back  to  the 
saloons,  one  was  heard  to  say  that  it  was  the  'd — dest, 
mournfulest  plantin'  he  ever  had  a  hand  in.'  In  fact 
the  camp  did  not  get  back  to  its  normal  condition  until 
the  next  day.  There  was  something  sad  even  for  these 
rough  souls  in  the  lonely,  unwept  death  of  'Stumpy' 
Wicks.  It  made  them  think  and  I  wonder  if  some  of 
them  did  not  reach  out  their  arms  from  their  blankets 
that  night  and  hold  them  up  and  call  out  softly,  'Oh, 
Stumpy,  Stumpy!  What  is  it  you  see  over  the  range? 
After  a  wretched,  broken  life,  what  is  there  for  a 
man  over  the  range  ?'  " 

A   SHOSHONE   COUNTY   REAR  STORY. 

The  Coeur  d'Alene  mountains  are  the  natural 
home  of  the  north  Idaho  bear  family.  Here  among 
the  numberless  deep,  narrow  canyons  and  the  high, 
long  ridges  covered  with  a  dense  growth  of  pine  and 
cedar,  underbrush  and  berry  bushes,  where  a  multitude 
of  clear,  gushing  mountain  streams  may  quench  the 
thirst  of  man  or  beast,  where  for  sections  several  miles 
in  extent  the  great  forest  belongs  alone  to  the  animal 
world ;  in  this  region  bruin  was  lord  of  the  forest  un- 
til superseded  by  the  pioneer  miners  and  their  trusty 
rifles.  Even  at  this  late  day,  bears  are  not  infrequently 
met  with  in  what  is  known  locally  as  the  North  Fork 
country,  meaning  the  region  drained  by  the  north  fork 
of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  river.  Some  portions  of  that  sec- 
tion are  still  uninhabited  and  very  little  traveled  except 
by  the  denizens  of  the  wilderness. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


It  was  on  Beaver  creek,  a  southern  tributary  of 
the  North  Fork,  that  the  scene  of  this  bear  story  is 
laid  and  the  time  of  action  was  in  the  spring  of  1896. 
The  Coeur  d'Alene  Sun  tells  the  story  in  the  following 
words : 

"Charles  Eisenstein,  the  young  ranchman  living  on 
the  North  Fork  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver  creek,  is  de- 
servedly the  hero  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  today,  for  he 
has  killed  the  daddy  of  the  bruin  family  in  these  parts. 
For  several  years  it  has  been  known  around  Delta  that 
some  wild  animal  was  killing  sheep  and  carrying  them 
off.  Calves  were  also  missed.  On  Sunday,  May  3d,  a 
<-ow  was  killed  near  the  mouth  of  Beaver  creek.  All 
signs  led  to  the  belief  that  a  huge  bear  was  committing 
the  depredations.  Very  few  men  have  lost  any  bear, 
but  young  Eistenstein  said  he  had  lost  one  when  that 
favorite  cow  was  killed.  So  late  on  Tuesday  afternoon 
he  took  his  Winchester  rifle  and  a  little  bear  dog  and 
went  up  the  road  toward  Delta  to  a  point  where  tracks 
had  been  seen  that  day. 

"He  waited  until  dark  at  a  point  half  a  mile  below 
town  and  had  just  about  concluded  to  go  home  when 
lie  heard  the  bear  coming  down  the  mountain  side. 
Suddenly  Eistenstein  saw  a  huge,  dark  object  stalking 
through  the  brush.  He  raised  his  Winchester  and  fired 
at  the  advancing  animal.  A  howl  and  a  growl  fol- 
lowed, while  the  dog  rushed  forward  and  engaged  him, 
Eistenstein,  in  the  meantime,  pumping  lead  into  the 
brute  from  the  trusty  repeater.  Ten  shots  had  been 
fired  into  the  infuriated  beast  without  apparent  serious 
results  and  only  one  more  cartridge  was  left  when  it 
pushed  through  the  dense  undergrowth  and  for  the 
first  time  his  monstrous  size  became  known  to  the 
hunter.  The  young  man  realized  that  his  case  was  now 
a  desperate  one  and  accordingly  planned  with  quick 
wit.  Nearer  and  noarer  the  animal  came.  When  with- 
in eight  feet,  with  the  barrel  of  the  gun  almost  touch- 
ing his  lordship,  Eistenstein  fired  his  last  bullet.  The 
bear  dropped  and  the  hunter  hurriedly  retreated  sev- 
eral yards,  while  the  little  dog  kept  up  his  annoying- 
attack.  Suddenly  the  monster  reared  on  his  haunches, 
uttered  a  terrible  growl  and  fell  forward.  Eistenstein 
could  stand  by  no  longer,  but,  followed  by  the  dog, 
fled  to  A.  J.  Prichard's  cabin,  a  mile  down  the  road. 

"Eistenstein  remained  at  Prichard's  cabin  during 
the  night  and  on  Wednesday  morning  at  daybreak  he 
again  set  forth,  this  time  with  Mr.  Prichard's  Win- 
chester and  plenty  of  cartridges.  But  he  had  no  use 
for  them.  The  bear  was  found  dead  about  ten  feet 
from  where  he  had  risen  for  the  last  attack  upon  the 
death-dealing  hunter.  The  young  man  went  to  Delta, 
procured  assistance  and  returned  to  the  scene.  Four 
men's  strength  was  required  to  place  the  carcass  in  the 
wagon,  and  its  weight  was  estimated  by  those  who 
saw  it  at  between  600  and  700  pounds.  The  species  to 
which  the  animal  belonged  was  the  common  dark 
brown  family.  Thomas  Shuster  has  purchased  the 
head  and  skin  and  will  have  them  mounted.  Henry 
Oxley,  who  was  at  the  World's  Fair,  says  that  Eisten- 
stein's  bear  is  fully  as  large  as  any  he  saw  at  Chicago. 
Without  doubt  it  is  the  largest  member  of  the  bruin 
family  ever  killed  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  and  for  the 


time  being  Eistenstein  and  his  faithful  dog  are  the  pop- 
ular heroes  of  the  county." 

THE  PIONEER  BABY  OF  FLORENCE. 

Regarding  this  interesting  little  piece  of  humanity, 
the  Idaho  County  Free  Press,  under  date  of  July  2, 
1897.  says : 

"Frank  Fenn  narrates  an  interesting  story  respect- 
ing the  first  white  child  born  in  the  old  Florence  min- 
ing camp.  The  parents  of  the  child  were  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
J.  G.  Foster.  In  those  days,  1864-5,  there  were  very 
few  families  in  that  section,  among  them  being  Mr. 
Fenn's  parents,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  S.  Fenn. 

"When  the  Foster  baby  was  born  there  was  no 
nourishment  provided  by  nature  for  it.  Mrs.  Fenn 
undertook  to  sustain  the  little  one's  life  by  rice  water 
and  other  crude  preparations,  but  these  did  not  agree 
with  the  infant  and  it  seemed  destined  to  die.  At  one 
time  Mr.  Foster  decided  to  take  his  child  in  his  arms 
and  make  a  snow  shoe  trip  to  a  distant  point  where 
there  were  cows,  but  it  was  thought  that  the  child 
would  perish  from  the  cold,  and  the  scheme  was 
abandoned. 

"At  last  some  one  suggested,  as  a  last  resort,  that 
there  was  a  bunch  of  sheep  on  Salmon  river,  nine  miles 
distant,  and  it  was  thought  quite  likely  that  among 
them  might  be  found  a  ewe  with  milk.  Accordingly  a 
man  known  as  'Flintlock'  Wilson  volunteered  to  go 
down  and  see  if  a  sheep  could  be  secured.  He  found 
one  solitary  sheep,  a  black  one,  with  a  lamb  by  her  side. 
Without  much  trouble  he  captured  the  animal,  led  it 
as  far  as  he  could  and  then,  swinging  her  across  his 
shoulders,  mounted  his  snow  shoes  and  carried  it  into 
camp.  To  make  a.  long  story  short,  the  ewe's  milk 
saved  the  child's  life.  One  of  Frank's  duties  during 
that  memorable  winter  was  to  care  for  and  milk  the 
sheep.'' 

PIONEER  LIFE  IN  IDAHO. 

The  following  extract  from  the  annual  address  de- 
livered before  the  Idaho  County  Pioneers'  Association 
at  Mount  Idaho,  July  4,  1891,  by  the  retiring  president, 
James  H.  Robinson,  of  Grangeville,  gives  so  graphic 
a  picture  of  life  on  Camas  prairie  in  the  'sixties,  that 
we  gladly  give  it  a  place  in  this  chapter : 

"To  the  pioneers  of  Idaho  county  gathered  here 
today  I  wish  to  recall  some  experiences  of  early  years 
on  Camas  prairie.  To  those  present  who  have  made 
homes  here  later  these  incidents  may  serve  to  answer 
the  question  as  to  how  a  handful  of  people  shut  out 
from  the  world  and  dependent  entirely  upon  their  own 
efforts  for  sustenance  and  social  enjoyment  succeeded. 

"A  goodly  number  of  those  who  located  here  prior 
to  1870  had  come  to  the  mines  of  Elk  City,  Florence 
and  Warren  to  make  a  fortune,  which  at  the  end  of 
one  or  two  years  would  in  most  cases  consist  of  : 
pair  of  blankets  and  a  battered  outfit  of  cooking  uten- 
sils. With  these  as  capital  some  would  build  a  cabin 
in  the  timber  and  make  rails  and  shakes,  or  whipsaw 
lumber  for  the  few  who  were  more  prosperous ;  others 
built  log  houses  almost  anywhere  they  pleased  on 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


1229 


the  prairie  and  called  it  home.  But  very  few  families 
were  here  in  1866,  but  from  that  time  onward  the 
number  slowly  increased ;  a  friendly  social  feeling;  pre- 
vailed, and  when  these  families  came  together,  as  they 
often  did,  to  spend  an  evening,  they  did  not  lack  for 
means  of  enjoyment.  No  matter  about  the  convey- 
ance; a  cayuse  with  a  blanket,  a  log  sled,  a  bob  sled 
or  perhaps  no  conveyance  at  all;  the  principal  thing 
was  to  get  there  and  forget  dull  care.  Dancing  was 
a  part  of  the  amusement  and  for  the  best  of  reasons, 
costumes  were  a  matter  of  secondary  importance.  The 
ball  room  dude  of  today  would  stand  aghast  at  the 
surroundings  and  dances  of  1867.  In  vain  would  the 
bachelor  look  for  young  lady  partners ;  they  were  not 
there  except  in  very  short  dresses. 

"The  sight  of  these  embryo  women,  however,  gave 
promise  of  a  future  when  partners  would  be  more  plen- 
tiful. That  time  has  come.  But,  alas !  Where  are  the 
bachelors  of  '67?  If,  in  the  meetings  of  these  early- 
settlers,  the  surroundings  were  more  crude  than  today, 
their  greetings  were  as  cordial,  their  kindness  and 
friendship  as  genuine,  and  in  most  cases  their  intelli- 
gence and  culture  were  fully  equal  to  that  of  the 
present.  Their  eyes  were  closed  and  their  tongues 
silent  in  regard  to  the  cheap  dress  of  a  poorer  neigh- 
bor. Do  not  some  of  you  remember  those  old  time 
gatherings,  one  in  particular  that  took  place  in  the  old 
'mountain  house'  where  now  the  Chinaman  and  his 
Joss  presides?  All  joined  in  the  pleasures  of  the  even- 
ings and  good  time  was  kept  to  'Money  Musk'  by 
those  who  would  smile  to  see  themselves  try  it  now. 

"These  early  settlers  were  not  saints,  neither  were 
they  quite  sinners.  The  man  who  in  those  days  owned 
a  wagon  was  looked  upon  as  a  very  Vanderbilt  in 
wealth,  and  when  a  stubborn  ox  would  twist  'round  a 
stump  and  break  that  wagon  it  was  considered  a  proper 
occasion  to  use  strong  language.  Cards  were  in  gen- 
eral use,  but  as  an  amusement  more  than  for  gain. 
'Come  up  and  take  something  ?'  then,  as  now,  met  with 
a  ready  response,  but  drunkenness  was  rare  and  per- 
haps in  no  other  settlement  founded  in  the  state  is 
there  an  instance  of  a  hotel  being  successfully  estab- 
lished and  conducted  for  almost  thirty  years  without 
the  sale  of  liquors  beneath  its  roof.  And  yet  such 
is  the  record  of  the  Mount  Idaho  Hotel,  conducted 
on  that  principle  for  all  that  time  by  our  worthy  presi- 
dent, Honorable  Loyal  P.  Brown. 

"There  were  few  deaths  then  to  sadden  hearts,  and 
is  it  not  significant  when  we  remember  that  no  doctors 
were  here;  neither  did  we  have  lawyers  to  look  after 
cur  welfare— to  get  us  into  trouble  only  to  get  us  out 
again.  In  settling  disputes  arbitration  was  resorted 
to,  or  else  the  quicker  mode  of  knocking  down  the 
aggressor.  Ministers,  too,  were  away  in  pastures 
more  green. 

"During  the  first  ten  years  of  settlement  perhaps 
the  average  visit  of  the  minister  was  one  in  ten  years. 
Families  would  often  spend  the  Sabbath  in  God's' great 
temple,  under  the  shade  of  these  lofty  pines— a  day 
of  rest  indeed — and  returning  home  at  evening,  each 
would  feel  that  the  burdens  of  the  coming  week  would 
be  lightened  by  this  respite. 


"All  who  were  here  in  these  first  years  will  remem- 
ber the  concert  of  music  in  the  timber  on  clear,  frosty 
mornings.  It  was  more  discordant,  perhaps,  than 
that  of  our  excellent  band  and  chorus  of  the  present 
time ;  yet  it  was  music  to  those  who  were  building 
homes  for  loved  ones.  This  concert,  which  is  now  so 
rarely  heard,  was  made  up  of  lively  whistling,  of  the 
echo  of  voices  in  song  and  laughter,  of  the  clear  ring 
of  axes  along  the  foothills,  while  the  crash  of  falling 
trees  made  an  appropriate  bass.  Then,  when  the  day's 
work  was  done  and  loads  piled  high,  came  the  merry 
run  home  with  not  a  fence  to  interfere. 

"Are  there  any  here  now  who  remember  John  Brown's 
big  sled,  built  for  pleasure  as  much  as  for  profit?  It 
would  accommodate  several  families,  and  on  winter 
nights,  packed  in  straw,  buffalo  robes  and  blankets, 
young  and  old  drove  away  feeling  as  happy  as  though 
it  were  the  finest  cutter.  There  are  a  few  here  who 
attended  the  raising  of  the  Crooks  and  Fairfield  barns, 
great  structures  they  were  considered  then,  standing 
for  twenty  years  as  landmarks  and  evidences  of  enter- 
prise in  the  very  beginning  of  the  settlement.  When 
they  were  erected  every  citizen  was  there,  proud  and 
glad  to  thus  aid  in  adding  permanency  to  the  country's 
growth.  These  buildings,  like  their  owners,  have 
passed  away  and  will  soon  be  forgotten,  but  long 
will  the  builders  live  in  memory  as  among  the  most 
worthy  men  in  pioneer  days. 

"The  early  settlers  attended  the  elections  promptly, 
though  there  were  but  few  votes  to  count,  paid  their 
taxes  without  a  grumble  and  were  good,  law-abiding 
citizens,  except  when  forbearance  of  evil  ceased  to 
be  a  virtue.  In  a  very  few  instances  they  took  the 
law  into  their  own  hands  and  punished  gross  offend- 
.ers  with  the  penalty  due.  A  few  remember  'Shum- 
way  Jim,'  and  were  present  when  he  expiated  his  many 
brutal  crimes.  He  was  an  English  speaking  Indian, 
who  delighted  in  murder,  and  soon  after  the  death 
of  his  last  victim,  he  was  escorted  to  the  timber  by 
the  people  one  fine  morning,  and  like  the  ship,  'neve'r 
returned.'  Such  conduct  today  would  be  justly  con- 
demned, but  twenty-five  years  a'go  it  was  self-preserva- 
tion to  do  as  the  pioneers  did.  They  were  a  little 
group  of  men  and  women,  isolated  and  almost  without 
the  pale  of  civil  law,  and  felt  that  with  such  characters 
as  'Shumway  Jim'  and  Pete  Walters  in  their  midst, 
they  were  compelled  to  be  a  law  unto  themselves. 

"Schools  and  literary  societies  were  established 
even  before  houses  were  built  for  their  accommoda- 
tion. The  log  school  house,  with  its  immense  chim- 
ney and  rustic  furniture,  which  stood  on  the  bank  of 
Whisky  Bill  creek,  near  Mr.  Aram's  home,  was  the 
scene  of  many  an  effort  at  oratory  and  eloquence  in 
debate,  until  a  wider  field  of  action  was  sought  in 
organizing  a  sham  legislature. 

"There  are  some  here  who  were  members  of  that 
body  during  the  winter  of  1867  and  1868.  It  con- 
sisted of  but  one  house,  with  Loyal  P.  Brown  as 
speaker,  and  I.  Muncie  as  clerk;  T.  L.  Ward  acted 
as  governor.  Meetings  were  held  alternately  in  the 
old  Whisky  Bill  creek  school  house  and  at  Mount 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Idaho.  Almost  every  bill  introduced  would  come  in 
conflict  with  the  interests  of  other  members  and  a  war 
oi  words  would  result.  The  clerk,  not  having  an 
assistant,  had  much  to  do,  and  claimed  pay  for  his 
services.  The  claim  was  referred  and  a  report  brought 
in  recommending  that  a  gold  pen  be  presented  the 
clerk  by  the  legislature.  The  procuring  of  the  pen 
was  referred  to  a  committee  of  three,  only  one  of 
•whom  is  now  living.  With  zeal  worthier  of  a  better 
cause,  they  manufactured  a  wooden  pen  twelve  inches 
long,  painting  it  to  appear  as  gold.  The  pen  was  laid 
in  wool  in  a  neat  box  and  the  explosion  looked  forward 
to  with  interest.  The  presentation  took  place  in  a 
room  in  the  old  hotel  and  passed  off  well  until  the 
box  was  handed  the  clerk,  and  the  hoax  was  discov- 
ered. Then  there  was  language  loud  and  wild  and  the 
box  was  splintered  over  guilty  heads.  A  new  clerk 
was  elected  and  the  work  of  making  laws  went  smooth- 
ly on  until  a  bill  was  introduced  to  change  the  course 
of  White  Bird  creek  and  bring  it  onto  the  prairie, 
dropping  it  into  Butcher  or  Three  Mile  creek. 

"Here  came  the  tug  of  war  and  Greek  met  Greek 
when  the  question  came  up  as  to  which  of  these  creeks 
.should  receive  White  Bird.  It  was  a  memorable  de- 
bate. Members  took  off  their  coats,  the  better  to  be 
heard,  stood  upon  the  desks,  hurling  arguments  at 
the  speaker  in  behalf  of  their  favorite  creek,  which, 
.they  alleged,  would  become  the  great  water  power 
.of  the  west,  by  the  addition  of  White  Bird's  waters. 
Confusion  became  worse  confused.  The  sergeant-at- 
arms  and  the  speaker's  gavel  failed  to  quell  the  storm. 
The  bill  never .  reached  a  vote,  and  White  Bird  today 
still  rolls  majestically  onward  in  its  natural  channel 
to  the  Salmon. 

"No  pioneer  will  forget  Bush,  the  man  of  oxen  and 
of  wit,  humor  and  jokes.  At  every  house  he  was  wel- 
come. Rough  he  was,  but  withal  genial  and  kind  and 
full  of  that  spirit  which  will  not  down  in  adversity. 
He  was  a  strong  man  physically,  but  it  was  his  mis- 
fortune at  one  time  to  suffer  for  weeks  from  an  aching 
tooth — one  of  those  big  grinders,  apparently  sound, 
but  possessed  of  a  power  to  make  a  man  wish  he  had 
never  been  born.  There  seemed  to  be  no  help  for 
Bush,  as  doctors  and  dentists  were  not  yet  a  part  of 
our  population.  In  his  wanderings  from  house  to 
house  in  search  of  relief,  he  found  a  man  who  had 
picked  up  in  Florence  one  of  those  ancient  instruments 
of  torture  called  a  turnkey.  It  was  old  and  rusty,  and 
the  owner  knew  nothing  of  how  it  should  be  used; 
but  Bush  determined  at  once  to  stay  with  the  owner 
until  the  tooth  was  out,  if  it  took  all  winter.  After 
argument,  entreaty  and  almost  force  on  the  part  of 
Bush  to  have  a  trial  made,  the  gum  was  cut  away  with 
a  knife,  and  the  horrible  instrument  of  torture  was 
fitted  on  the  tooth.  A  powerful  wrench  followed; 
then  an  involuntary  yell  from  the  victim.  Again  this 
relic  of  the  Inquisition  was  forced  down  on  the  tooth 
and  the  operator,  with  both  hands  on  the  handle  and 
with  all  his  strength,  gave  a  twist  that  sent  the  tooth 
.across  the  room.  With  a  wild  stare  Bush's  eyes  fol- 


lowed the  tooth  as  he  exclaimed:   "Thank  the  Lord, 
it  came  out  just  before  I  died!' 

"As  time  passed  the  farms  were  enclosed,  and  each 
year  more  land  was  brought  into  cultivation.  Prices 
for  all  produce  were  high,  and  the  supply  at  no  time 
equal  to  the  demand.  Prosperity  smiled  on  the  settle- 
ment until,  through  increase  of  population,  over  pro- 
duction glutted  every  market.  A  large-hearted,  lib- 
eral spirit  prevailed  with  the  first  settlers  here  so  long 
that  it  became  a  habit  which  led  to  financial  disaster 
with  many  of  them  when  the  reverses  of  later  years 
came.  A  compliment  was  paid  to  the  honest  endeav- 
ors of  the  pioneers,  which  came  from  an  unexpected 
source.  One  of  the  first  merchants  here,  on  closing 
out  his  business,  made  the  remark :  'De  beoples  on  dis 
prairie  scratch  harder  to  pay  what  dey  owe  dan  any 
beoples  I  ever  see.  Since  I  come  here  I  make  more 
ash  $20,000  and  I  only  lose  shust  $500  in  bad  debts.'  " 


George  Underwood,  in  the  Lewiston  Teller,  pub- 
lished June  10,  1899,  tells  a  touching  story  of  pioneer 
!ife  in  north  Idaho,  which  well  illustrates  the  fervent 
patriotism  which  stirred  men's  souls  in  the  dark  days 
which  followed  the  close  of  the  Civil  war. 

"In  April,  1865,"  says  he,  "a  party  of  twenty  min- 
ers were  working  on  Jawbone  bar,  six  miles  below  Lew- 
iston, on  the  Snake  river,  when  one  day  the  steamboat 
came  around  the  great  bend.  From  the  masthead  the 
Stars  and  Stripes  floated  at  half  mast.  Every  rocker 
stopped,  every  shovel  supported  a  man  who  was  speech- 
less from  the  silent  message  of  sorrow.  'The  flag's  at 
half  mast.'  That  sentence,  spoken  in  a  low  voice  which 
trembled  with  emotion,  was  the  only  word  spoken. 
The  boat  plowed  the  water.  Every  pulsation  of  the 
great  engine  was  an  imaginary  tap  of  a  muffled  drum 
in  a  funeral  march. 

"In  the  company  was  a  young  newspaper  man  who 
had  left  New  York  on  account  of  his  health.  He  was 
a  Unionist  of  the  pronounced  type  and  he  was  a  leader 
in  every  assembly,  whether  of  miners  or  politicians. 
He  instinctively  took  off  his  hat,  and,  without  knowing 
the  cause  of  mourning,  his  associates  silently  followed 
his  example. 

"The  boat  passed  on  up  the  river  without  a  word 
or  sign  from  a  man  on  board.  Only  the  inanimate 
sign  of  mourning  appealed  to  the  sentiments  of  those 
anxious  spectators.  Quite  likely  the  passengers  and 
crew  took  the  miners  to  be  only  Indians  to  whom  the 
news  of  the  day  would  have  been  unappreciated.  Any- 
how the  miners  were  left  to  work  out,  unaided,  the 
problem  of  the  cause  of  the  mourning  sign.  They 
worked  it  out  in  silence.  The  young  newspaper  man, 
si  ill  standing  with  bared  head,  turned  as  pale  as  a  man 
whose  heart  had  ceased,  for  a  minute,  to  beat.  Then 
he  cried  out  like,  a  man  who  had  seen  a  terrible  ap- 
parition, like  a  maniac  in  the  throes  of  fear  of  the 
imaginary  horrors  of  a  madman's  hell:  'Lincoln  is 
dead  !  Lincoln  is  murdered !' 

"With  one  accord  the  shovels  fell  upon  the  rocks 
and  twenty  men  started  to  Lewiston.  Though  the 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH    IDAHO. 


hot  sun  beat  upon  the  sandy  road,  they  won  the  race 
and  arrived  in  Lewiston  before  the  steamer  did.  The 
people  of  Lewiston  heard  the  message  first  from  the 
soul  of  that  young  patriot.  The  miners  brought  the 
message  to  Lewiston  in  advance  of  the  boat  and 
through  them  the  newsfcof  the  great  national  calamity 
first  reached  the  ears  of  the  populace,  although  the 
confirmation  did  not  come  until  delivered  by  those  on 
the  boat. 

"The  awful  news  was  received  with  deep  manifes- 
tations of  sorrow.  The  public  grief  found  expression 
upon  every  face.  There  was  none  who  rejoiced  in 
this  section  of  the  territory.  The  citizens  were  patri- 
ots." 

COEUR  D'ALENE'S  PIONEER  CHILDREN. 

The  best  testimony  upon  this  subject  accords  to 
Thomas  Argyle,  now  of  Spokane,  the  honor  of  hav- 
ing been  the  first  white  child  born  in  the  Coeur 
d'Alenes,  and  to  Miss  -Alice  O'Neil  a  like  distinction 
of  being  the  pioneer  daughter  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes. 
Thomas  Argyle.  says  the 'Murray  Sun,  was  born  on 
Prichard  creek  above  Murray,  September  II,  1884,  the 
son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  T.'  Argyle.  Alice  O'Neil  is 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Larry  O'Neil,  of  Mur- 
ray, and  her  birthday  is  but  a  few  weeks  later  than  that 
of  Mr.  Argyle. 

INDIAN   ELOQUENCE. 

An  event  of  no  small  importance  occurred  at 
Kamiah,  July  4,  1903.  A  company  of  about  800  Nez 
Perce  Indians,  men,  women  and  children,  assem- 
bled, with  some  white  people,  to  do  honor  to  Independ- 
ence Day  in  patriotic  celebration.  The  exercises  con- 
sisted of  a  parade,  speeches,  singing  and  the  yearly 
feast.  A  liberty  car,  beautifully  draped  in  the  national 
colors,  carried  fifty  little  Indian  girls  dressed  in  white, 
who  waved  flags.  Preceding  this  car  marched  the 
Indian  band,  which  was  immediately  followed  by  one 
hundred  boys  in  rank.  Before  the  parade,  a  song  serv- 
ice was  held  in  the  gospel  tent,  all  in  the  Nez  Perce 
language.  During  the  day  various  exercises  were 
held,  such  as  patriotic  and  religious  speeches,  song 
services,  etc.,  all  in  the  Indian  language. 

One  of  the  leading  features  of  the  day's  celebration 
was  the  oration  delivered  in  the  English  language  by 
James  Stuart,  a  Nez  Perces  merchant  of  Kooskia. 
Among  other  things  he  said : 

"The  Nez  Perces  tribe,  once  among  the  fiercest  In- 
dians of  the  northwest,  now  sits  in  church  studying 
the  Word  of  God  *  *  *  *  Very  few  persons  have 
any  idea  of  the  progress  made  by  the  Nez  Perces  since 
they  came  under  the  control  of  the  United  States. 
Most  people  think  the  Indians  a  worthless  'lot,  and  that 
it  is  useless  for  the  government  to  attempt  to  make  fit 
citizens  of  them.  But  I  tell  you  you  should  consider 
Ihe  condition  they  were  in  a  few  years  ago,  and  see 
where  they  stand  in  the  world  today.  * 
The  Nez  Perces  have,  in  little  more  than  a  generation, 
become  the  best  and  most  intelligent  tribe  of  Indians 


in  this  part  of  the  country.  *  *  *  *  My  people, 
the  Nez  Perces,  have  made  some  wonderful  strides  in 
advancement  during  the  past  few  years.  We  are  still 
hopeful  that  a  time  is  coming  when  the  entire  tribe 
will  not  be  looked  upon  as  a  separate,  peculiar  people, 
but  as  a  new,  loyal,  liberty-loving  community,  form- 
ing an  integral  part  of  this  great  republic  which  we 
Indians  love  so  well,  and  of  this  great  day  of  independ- 
ence which  we  celebrate  with  such  enthusiastic  joy. 

"My  brothers,  I  care  not  what  your  politics  may 
have  been,  let  us  remember  that  'eternal  vigilance  is 
the  price  of  liberty/  and  that  the  prosperity  of  our  na- 
tion, of  our  families,  depend  upon  the  protection  of  the 
rights  of  its  people.  We,  as  a  part  of  this  great  na- 
tion, love  the  song  'America,'  and  all  the  national  airs. 
We  celebrate  this  day  in  memory  of  that  glorious 
Fourth  when  first  was'  wide  flung  the  banner  of  free- 
dom and  of  equal  rights.  By  faith  we  hear  the  liberty 
bell  of  1776  echoing  throughout  the  mountains,  of  the 
east  and  the  west,  the  vales  of  the  north  and  the  south, 
reverberating  to  our  very  souls.  We  glory  in  the 
flag  of  our  country,  we  love  her  people,  we  salute  the 
Stars  and  Stripes.  By  the  powers  that  be  we  swear  our 
allegiance  to  her  and  to  her  people.  For  our  people 
and  country  we  will  live  and  gladly  struggle  up  the 
long  heights  that  lead  to  advancement  and  refinement, 
and  if  need  be,  we  will  as  gladly  die  that  this  oppor- 
tunity for  freedom  shall  not  be  taken  away  from  those 
who  will  follow  us. 

"Our  beloved  country!  Bound  together  by  the 
ties  of  a  common  brotherhood,  let  us  live  forever  as  one 
people — a  free  and  independent  nation,  an  inseparable 
and  undivided  people." 

The  occasion  served  to  demonstrate  the  advance- 
ment made  by  the  Indians  and  it  is  a  source  of  no  small 
gratification  to  all  intelligent  people  to  see,  in  the  same 
field  where  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  the 
savage  bands  of  Joseph  wrought  massacre  and  pillage, 
and  while  that  individual  is  still  living,  this  magnificent 
tribute  of  patriotism  and  assurance  of  submission  to 
the  nation's  laws,  emanating  from  the  Nez  Perces 


selv< 


PIONEER   YULETIDE. 


Lewiston  Teller:  The  first  Christmas  celebration 
in  the  Lewiston  valley,  of  which  any  living  witness 
has  personal  knowledge,  occurred  at  Lapwai  in  1860. 

John  M.  Silcott,  the  oldest  living  pioneer  except 
one,  Thomas  B.  Beall,  was  then  sub-agent  at  Lapwai, 
under  Agent  Blake,  who  was  occupied  exclusively 
elsewhere.  Old  Uncle  John  never  did  things  by  halves, 
even  in  those  days  of  limited  accessories  of  civilization. 


He  therefore  sent  invitations  t 
in  fifty  miles  of  his  hom 


in  fifty  miles  of  his  home,  and  not  one  of  the  invte 
guests  would  have  sent  regrets  for  any  excuse  short 
of  total  phvsical  disability.  These  guests  were  :  Col. 
William  Craig.  Thomas  B.  Beall,  N.  B.  Dutro.  Thomas 
Page,  Captain  M.  M.  Williams,  Doctor  Thebodo,  Jake 
Schultz,  Joe  Mecleau,  Henry  McNally  and  the  Spanish 
chef,  Spanish  Frank. 

The  cuisine  was  elaborate,  although  a  little.  irreg- 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


ular.  There-  was  no  turkey,  but  a  wild  goose,  which 
iiled  the  place  very  acceptably ;  there  was  no  roast 
pig,  but  a  stuffed  cub  bear  stood  upon  the  platter; 
there  was  no  pumpkin  pie,  a  dish  for  which  the  old 
pioneer  always  felt  a  longing  that  was  hard  to  satisfy ; 
there  was  no  great  variety  of  confections,  nor  were 
there  any  fashionable  wines,  for  which  every  one  of 
these  guests  had,  perhaps,  a  longing  desire  inspired  by 
past  associations;  but  they  did  have  pure  alcohol. 
The  government  had  supplied  Dr.  Thebodo's  dispen- 
sary with  a  five-gallon  can  of  this  potent  drug,  and  the 
seal  was  intact  till  that  Christmas  morn. 

There  was  perhaps  not  a  guest  under  this  hospitable 
roof  who  could  not  have  appreciated  the  most  delicate 
bouquet  in  the  best  wines  of  an  aristocrat's  cellar,  but 
they  were  equal  to  the  occasion  of  enjoying  raw  alco- 
hol with  water  in  no  extravagant  portions,  and  each 
and  every  guest  did  the  contents  of  that  sealed  can 
justice.  And  further,  none  ever  complained  that  the 
alcohol  did  not  do  its  expected  work. 

It  is  also  appropriate  to  connect  this  Christmas 
dinner  with  the  first  New  Year's  dinner.  One  was 
intimately  connected  with  the  other.  The  alcohol  did 
not  last  "through  the  week,  but  the  effects  of  it  did. 
Col.  Craig  invited  the  guests  to  come  to  his  home  for 
the  closing  act  of  the  holiday  celebration.  He  lived  on 
what  was  called  Waha  creek  then,  now  Sweetwater 
creek. 

The  alcohol  being  gone,  a  dire  situation  arose. 
Jake  Schultz  and  Joe  Medeau,  known  as  "French" 
Joe,  appeared  on  the  scene  while  the  smell  of  alcohol 
was  still  in  the  air.  They  volunteered  to  make  the 
journey  to  Walla  Walla  for  stimulants  for  Craig's 
New  Year's  dinner.  John  Silcott  furnished  the  money 
to  pay  for  ten  gallons  of  whisky  and  Col.  Craig  fur- 
nished the  horses.  The  journey  of  over  one  hundred 
miles  was  undertaken  with  only  three  days  in  which 
to  make  the  ride.  They  made  the  trip  and  broke  the 
record  for  rapid  freight  service.  They  made  the  entire 
distance  of  over  200  miles,  going  and  coming,  with 
pack  horses,  in  three  days.  This  display  of  energy 
speaks  well  for  the  enthusiasm  displayed  by  those  who 
attended  those  pioneer  celebrations. 

Col.  Craig  had  a  pretentious  dwelling  for  that  day 
and  age.  His  house  was  comparatively  a  large  one  and 
a  smooth  floor  gave  it  a  position  on  a  par  with  aris- 

The  house  and  the  floor,  the  women  (natives)  and 
the  whisky  suggested  a  dance  and  great  preparations 
were  made  for  this  recreation.  These  men,  who,  if 
living  now,  are  sedate  and  bowed  down  with  age,  were 
then  young  and  proud  and  each  wanted  a  partner  for 
the  dance.  They  used  every  means  of  persuasion  and 
even  strategy  to  secure  the  attendance  of  the  best  look- 
ing partners. 

The  dinner  was  very  elaborate.  The  whisky, 
though  milder  than  the  fiery  alcohol,  induced  exuber- 
ance of  spirits,  and  there  was  a  flow  of  soul  that  was 
never  forgotten  by  a  single  guest.  The  native  girls 
were  too  modest  to  make  lively  dancers,  but  they  were 
induced  to  join  in  the  mazy  waltz  and  the  bewitching 
quadrille  while  the  liquor  held  out. 


Of  the  participants  of  this  celebration  perhaps  only 
Tom  Beall  survives.  Silcott  died  in  December, 
1902. 

NIGGER   PRAIRIE. 

All  pioneers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  remember  Nig- 
ger prairie  and  the  different  stories  told  of  how  it  came 
by  that  strange  name.  The  prairie  is  in  reality  only 
a  small  cove  in  the  valley  of  the  South  Fork  at  Mullan 
and  long  ago  the  pioneer  name  by  which  it  was  dubbed 

rsed  out  of  general  use.  In  the  summer  of  1884, 
S.  Topping,  a  correspondent  living  in  Murray,  in 
a  letter  to  his  paper,  the  Bozeman  (Montana)  Courier, 
related  the  following  story  concerning  Nigger  prairie. 
One  pioneer  vouches  for  the  truth  of  the  incident  re- 
lated; another  stamps  the  story  as  false.  The  exist- 
ence of  an  early  pioneer's  grave  at  the  spot  referred  to 
is  undisputed. 

"Every  mining  camp  has  its  legend  of  wonderful 
diggings,  which  had  been  worked  in  times  past,"  says 
Topping,  "but  which  can  never  be  found  when  looked 
for.  This  camp  also  has  its  story,  which  I  shall  relate. 
During  the  fall  of  the  year  1866  a  negro  came  into 
Missoula  with  a  large  amount  of  gold  dust,  which  he 
spent  royally,  with  the  remark  that  he  knew  where 
there  was  plenty  more.  The  next  spring  he,  with  three 
horses,  went  out  again  and  came  back  in  the  fall  with 
a  larger  quantity  of  the  precious  metal  than  he  had 
brought  in  before.  The  next  spring  he  went  out  ac- 
companied by  a  Flathead  Indian  and  the  two  were 
seen  in  July  by  a  party  of  emigrants  going  to  Oregon 
via  the  Mullan  road,  living  in  a  log  cabin  which  the 
negro  had  built  in  a  small  opening,  which  is  now  called 
Nigger  prairie.  It  is  situated  about  five  miles  from 
the  head  of  the  south  fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene.  A 
week  later  another  emigrant  party  found  the  negro- 
dead,  killed  probably  by  a  gun.  They  buried  his  body 
and  went  on.  The  next  fall  the  Flathead  was  seen  in 
possession  of  the  negro's  horses  and  it  was  then  sup- 
posed that  he  was  responsible  for  the  latter's  death. 
Those  who  buried  the  unfortunate  negro  placed  at  his 
head  a  rude  cross,  and  when  I  was  there  a  few  days 
ago  1  found  that  some  one  had,  with  more  humor  than 
propriety,  placed  a  hewn  slab  at  the  foot,  which  bore 
this  inscription:  'Here  lies  the  coon.'  " 


•RPSCHICOREAN    SPORT. 


While  in  a  reminiscent  mood  one  evening  last  win- 
ter, at  the  Jersey  House,  Grangeville,  one  of  the  earli- 
est of  Idaho  county's  pioneers  related  the  following 
story  of  pioneer  experiences  in  the  Elk  City  camp.  It 
well  illustrates  the  free  and  easy  spirit  of  those  flush 
times  and  also  sets  forth  in  bold  contrast  the  bogus 
and  counterfeit  character  which  was  to  be  occasionally 
found  among  those  open-hearted,  generous,  diamond- 
;n-the-rough  miners.  The  writer  caught  the  words 
substantially  as  follows : 

"It  was  in  the  winter  of  1868  that  Elk  City  an- 
nounced to  the  hundreds  of  miners  throughout  that 
camp  that  a  big  dance  would  be  given  at  that  place.. 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


All  were  invited  who  felt  inclined  to  trip  the  'light 
fantastic  toe,'  with  oceans  of  wheat  extract  and  other 
drinkables  on  the  side,  and  mountains  of  substantial 
grub  to  cheer  the  inner  man  and  sustain  him  through 
the  siege  of  shuffle  and  whirl  which  was  certain  to  fol- 
low ;  for  in  those  days  a  dance  meant  several  days  and 
nights  of  protracted  effort. 

"  "At  Station,  on  the  south  fork  of  the  Clearwater, 
some  sixteen  miles  below  Elk  City,  the  word  was 
received  with  rejoicing,  and  on  the  appointed  day  a  del- 
egation of  eight  or  ten  of  the  denizens  of  that  enter- 
prising camp,  under  the  leadership  of  George  K.  Reed, 
the  leading  merchant,  and  Paddy  White,  another  pop- 
ular miner,  started  up  the  river  on  the  ice  toward  the 
scene  of  the  intended  revelry  and  feasting. 

"In  1868  the  climatic  conditions  were  such  that  a 
very  little  exertion  produced  extreme  thirst.  Conse- 
•  quently  the  boys,  on  arriving  at  Elk  after  a  sixteen-mile 
tramp,  at  once  repaired  to  the  saloon  conducted  by  the 
Hibernian  gentleman,  Barney  Reynolds,  to  whom  still 
clung  in  a  pronounced  degree  the  brogue  of  the  Em- 
erald Isle  and  also.the  spirit  of  acquisitiveness. 

"Everybody  in  hearing  was  called  up  to  the  bar, 
as  was  the  prevailing  custom  then,  and  as  all  drinks 
cost  twenty-five  cents  each,  it  meant  five  or  six  dol- 
lars a  treat.  Gold  dust  was  used  as  the  circulating 
medium  and  had  to  be  weighed,  necessitating  much 
trouble.  So  Barney,  to  economize  in  labor,  at  once  an- 
nounced : 

"  'Yez  boays  frim  th'  Station,  Oi  knows  yes  all ; 
whin  iny  of  yez  traits.  Oi  chairges  thim  up  to  the  Sta- 
tion, and  yez  kin  all  shure  sittle  it  to  onct  at  the  lasth. 
Oi'll  be  aisv  on  yez,  comin'  frim  the  Station  as  ye  do.' 

"This  was  assented  to,  and  the  festivities  of  the  oc- 
casion were  at  once  entered  into  by  the  visitors  with 
heartiness  and  spirit,  sandwiching  in  with  killing  reg- 
ularity the  drinks  with  the  dancing  and  eating.  It  is 
to  be  noted  that  the  enterprising  Barney  noted  down 
these  treats  with  equal  regularity. 

"At  the  end  of  the  two  days'  and  nights'  hilarity, 
the  boys  from  Station  prepared  to  return  home.  They 
had  indulged  in-  wine  suppers  and  other  expensive  lux- 
uries of  the  kind  ;  had  had  a  rip-roaring  time.  They  ex- 
pected that  their  bar  bill  would  be  considerable,  but  they 
were  not  counting  the  cost  as  one  of  the  things  with 
which  to  burden  their  mind,  when  a  good  time  was  in 
the  other  end  of  the  balance.  They  headed  for  Bar- 
ney's place  to  wipe  out  the  score  there  and  start  on  the 
return  trip,  fortified  with  a  finger  of  his  best.  As  the 
bill  was  against  the  'Station,'  George  Reed  was  se- 
lected to  act  as  spokesman  for  the  crowd.  He  ap- 
proached Barney  with  a  happy  spirit  and  with  self  as- 
surance in  his  manner. 

"  'Well,  Barney,  what  have  you  chalked  down 
against  us  ?  We're  starting  for  home  now.' 

"  'Oi  tol  yez  Station  boays  Oi'd  be  aisy  on  yez,  an' 
Oi  will.' 

"  'Well,  what  is  it  ?  I've  got  the  dust  and  want  to 
get  rid  of  it.' 

"  'Oi  tol  yez  Oi'd  be  aisy  on  yez,  an'  Oi'll  do  it. 
'Bein's  as  yez  frim  the  Station,  it  is"  only  ateen  hundrid 
dollars.' 


"For  a  moment  even  the  bold  frontier  spirit  was  set 
back  and  the  free  and  easy  emissary  of  the  Station 
crowd  looked  aghast.  But  is  was  only  a  moment ;  the 
rich,  red  blood  surged  back  from  the  brain  to  the  heart ; 
George  regained  his  equilibrium.  With  a  hearty  'al- 
right' he  whirled  about,  sought  his  comrades  and  to- 
gether they  scraped  up  the  dust,  although  it  drained 
the  buckskin  wallets  of  the  last  one.  The  $1,800  in 
dust  was  duly  turned  over  to  the  expert  accountant 
behind  the  bar  and  the  boys  started  down  the  river, 
cracking  jokes  and  recounting  the  pleasant  incidents 
of  the  two-days'  lark.  Incidentally  their  pocketbooks 
were  about  as  light  as  their  hearts,  thanks  to  the  nice 
bookkeeping  of  their  Irish  friend. 

"Returning  to  Clearwater  Station,  they  arranged 
for  a  return  dance,  sending  out  invitations  to  everyone 
in  the  region.  A  few  days  later  this  dance  commenced 
and  today  holds  the  record  as  the  longest  dance  ever 
held  in  the  state.  For  eighteen  days  and  nights  the 
fiddle  did  not  cease  to  squeak  nor  the  heels  of  the 
merry  dancers  to  crack  against  one  another  and  the 
floor.  For  the  first  few  hours  the  fun  was  enjoyed  by 
all ;  then  some  of  the  dancers  thought  it  time  to  quit 
and  retired  to  their  cabins.  •  They  were  allowed  a  little 
rest  and  then  a  deputation  was  sent  to  bring  them  again 
to  the  hall,  a  request  which  they  obeyed,  though  not 
without  much  grumbling.  Once  upon  the  floor,  how- 
ever, the  recruits  were  as  jovial  as  any  and  were  glad 
to  be  the  means  of  prying  open  the  eyelids  of  their 
weary  brothers  and  walking  them  back  to  the  hall  to 
keep  up  the  dancing.  By  this  means  the  original  crowd 
of  Station  boys  who  went  to  Elk  City  reimbursed  their 
exchequers,  besides  having  another  good  time.  There 
were  but  few  women  present  at  this  great  dance, 
most  of  the  dancing  being  by  the  men  themselves. 
The  memory  of  that  dance  will  never  fade."  . 

ROBINSON'S  LOST  MINES. 

In  its  issue  of  July  16,  1897,  the  Lewiston  Teller 
gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  the  Robin- 
son affair,  which  at  the  time  and  for  many  years 
afterward  created  much  excitement  in  this  section  of 
the  west.  There  have  been  many  different  versions  of 
the  story,  but.  the  following  is  said  to  contain  the 
substance  matter  of  this  famous  excitement: 

"Robinson,    the    Fraud,    occasioned    the    greatest 

quartz  excitement  that  ever  prevailed  in  north  Idaho. 

This   man   was   first   outfitted   by   certain   citizens   of 

Lewiston  to  prosecute  an  ordinary  prospecting  tour 

in  the  Bitter  Root  mountains  in  1866.    He  was  a  man 

of  shrewdness  and  he  displayed  no  little  knowledge 

of  mineralogy.     He  had  been  in  the  quartz  mines  of 

tral  Idaho  and,  perhaps,  those  of  California.     His 

actical    experience    qualified    him    for    the   peculiar 

career  of  fraud  that  made  him  famous. 

"On  the  trip  of  1866  he  was  accompanied  by  five 

six  local  prospectors,  some  of  whom  are  still  living 

the   vicinity   of  Lewiston.     The   route  taken   was 

y  way  of  the  head  of  the  Palouse  and  the  Potlatch 

to  Elk  creek  and  the  great  white  pine  belt.     When 

the  party  passed  beyond  the  trails  they  decided  that 

they  were  lost  and  gave  more  attention  to  trying  to 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


discover  themselves  than  to  the  search  for  gold.  After 
a  few  days  of  hardships  the  bewildered  party  arrived 
at  the  Clearwater  at  some  point  on  the  north  fork. 
They  were  confused  to  such  an  extent  that  they  did 
not  know  what  water  course  they  had  found.  Con- 
tention arose  in  the  company  about  the  course  to  be 
pursued  and  temporary  ^  separation  followed.  Robin- 
son took  up  the  stream*  course.  After  a  little  he  re- 
turned and  descended  the  stream.  It  is  now  believed 
that  he  made  the  journey  up  the  river  in  search  of  a 
cache  of  ore  which  he  had  deliberately  secreted  in 
the  mountains  for  the  purpose  of  imposing  upon  those 
who  confided  in  him.  But  when  he  arrived  in  Lewis- 
ton  he  did  not  disclose  his  quartz.  He  passed  on 
down  the  river  to  Alpowa  and  packed  his  ore  on 
horses  to  Walla  Walla.  It  is  now  believed  that  the 
ore  which  caused  this  rush  was  assorted  from  a  mine 
in  Idaho  City  and  packed  over  to  the  Clearwater  for 
fraudulent  purposes.  The  prospecting  tour  was  made 
for  the  purpose  of  giving  weight  to  the  story  he  told 
and  the  apparently  aimless  wanderings,  while  'lost' 
were  planned  to  afford  mysterious  surroundings  for 
the  false  story  of  a  rich  strike.  Robinson,  however, 
did  not  attempt  to  impose  upon  his  friends  in  Lewis- 
ton.  He  wisely  planned  to  go  farther  away  from 
home  to  appeal  to  the  credulity  of  mining  men.  He 
began  his  confidence  game  in  San  Francisco.  There 
he  sought  the  richest  men  in  the  city,  men  who  should 
have  been  proof  against  the  wiles  of  an  adventurer. 
Men  of  prominence  were  victimized.  He  told  them  a 
story  of  hardships,  adventure  and  deep  mystery  such 
as  the  gold  brick  swindler  tells  to  his  intended  victim. 
"The  man  who  possessed  the  secret  of  a  hidden 
fortune  was  made  the  hero  of  a  secret  coterie.  He  was 
a  social  favorite  for  a  whole  happy  winter  season  of 
fashion.  All  could  secure  an  interest  in  the  great 
mysterious  mine  by  the  payment  in  advance  of  a  large 
sum  of  money.  Robinson  accumulated  a  small  fortune 
by  his  fradulent  representations  during  the  winter. 
In  the  spring  he  started  to  lead  the  representatives 
of  the  company  to  the  ledge.  Among  those  who  be- 
gan the  journey  to  the  Eldorado  was  Senator  Hearst. 
A'ews  of  the  expedition,  peddled  secretly,  gained  wide 
circulation  and  an  army  of  spies  followed  the  trail 
of  the  gold  seekers.  Robinson  took  offense  at  what 
he  called  the  betrayal  of  his  secret  by  members  of  the 
company  and  sought  every  opportunity  to  plead  lack 
of  faith  and  a  forfeiture  of  contract  on  the  part  of 
paid-up  members  of  his  company.  Aside  from  the 
plea  of  justification  for  the  abandonment  of  the  search 
he  feigned  sickness  and  discontinued  his  leadership. 
He  gave  to  Senator  Hearst  and  others  maps  of  the 
route  traveled  and  the  pretended  location  of  the  mine. 
The  journey  was  undertaken  without  Robinson,  but 
it  was  finally  abandoned  without  results.  News  of 
the  great  discovery  spread  widely  and  an  army  of  men 
was  abroad  all  that  fall.  Every  independent  party 
professed  that  it  knew  some  secret  clew  to  the  exact 
location  of  Robinson's  ledge,  which  in  fact  never  ex- 
isted. The  parties  who  'grubstaked'  Robinson  on  the 
occasion  of  his  professed  discovery  went  from  Lewis- 
ton  to  claim  their  rights.  They  went  with  evidence 


of  a  partnership  and  with  big  navy  revolvers  to  enforce 
their  rights,  made  miners'  laws  by  custom.  Lewiston 
merchants  and  professional  men  plunged  into  the 
mountains,  organized  to  protect  their  mutual  interests 
in  the  claims  located  by  their  agent  the  year  before. 
They  never  found  the  claims  and  Robinson,  like  the 
Arab,  stole  away. 

"This  chief  of  wildcatters  next  appeared  in  the 
effete  east.  Among  the  conservative  New  Englanders 
he  found  as  many  and  as  easy  victims  as  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. He  repeated  his  success  and  doubled  his  for- 
tune. In  the  sweet  springtime  he  again  entered  upon 
the  work  of  conducting  a  company  to  the  lost  mines 
of  the  Bitter  Roots.  Again  he  was  followed  and 
watched.  Even  the  victims  of  the  previous  year  were 
eager  to  follow  their  deceiver  to  a  second  disappoint- 
ment. Again  Robinson  grew  morose  and  threatening 
over  the  objectional  camp  followers.  His  eastern 
patrons  were  more  easily  controlled  than  the  Califor- 
nia company.  Robinson  could  scare  them  into  submis- 
sion by  the  fear  of  Indians  and  even  wild  beasts.  The 
howl  of  a  lonesome  coyote  or  a  lost  burro  would  silence 
their  grumbling  like  a  dark  closet  will  over-awe  a 
cranky  infant.  Hon.  E.  B.  True  was  a  member  of 
Robinson's  New  England  party.  'He  relates  a  story 
of  a  night  of  terror.  The  party  was  camped  one  night 
on  a  lonely  mountain  when  a  frightful  noise  was  heard. 
It  came  nearer  and  nearer.  If  True's  account  of  his 
own  sensations  may  be  taken  as  a  criterion,  the  hor- 
ror of  that  night  could  not  be  depicted.  The  un- 
earthly noise  lert  no  doubt  in  the  minds  of  the  men 
from  Boston  that  a  terrible  mountain  monster  was 
approaching.  It  came  very  near  and  True  tried  to  find 

gun,  but  he  was  paralyzed  with  fright  and  could 

move.  The  beast  lingered  near  all  night  and 
terror  reigned  unabated.  In  the  morning  it  was  dis- 
covered that  a  little  Mexican  mule  had  joined  the 
pack  horses. 

'Soon  after  this  incident  Robinson  disappeared, 
frightened,  probably,  not  by  the  voice  of  the  little  mule, 
but  by  the  mutterings  of  discontent  and  hints  of  threats 
of  vengeance.  He  made  two  fortunes  from  one  sack 
of  ore  and  a  good  story.  Hundreds  of  prospectors 
'  ave  hunted  for  the  Robinson  ledge  and  they  are 
ontinuing  the  search  to  this  day.  The  fact  is  the  ore 
?as  taken  from  a  mine  near  Idaho  City  and  Robinson 
never  discovered  the  fabled  ledge.  " 


The  s 


'er  Coeur  d'Alene, 
,  sublime  and  grand  — 


of 


Ana  over  all,  God's  ever  matchless  green. 
Slowly,  yet  higher,  rose  the  full  orbed  moon 
Until,  serene,  she  reached  her  midnight  noon; 
The  stellar  gems  their  feebler  rays  withdrew 
And  left  their  duty  to  the  brighter  fev 

That  hymn  of  intense  silei.^  ... 
"The  hand  that  made  us  is  ind 


which  the  throng 
Indeed  Divine." 


HISTORY    OF   NORTH    IDAHO. 


Sweet  lakelet!  o'er  thy  crystal  bosom  flies 

A   radiance  that   dazzling  charms   our  eyes; 
Night's   glorious   queen   pours    forth   her   silver   tide. 

Makes  most  of  the  wanderers  ever  to  roam 
Where  the  greatest  of  dangers  may  be  ? 
What  leads   men   away   in  the   flush   of  their  youth, 

In  night's  calm  hour  and  reverently  raise 
S°  —  George  Staffo^ii^New  York  Commercial. 

The  following  little  poem,  dedicated  to  the  Coeur 
d'Alene's    pioneer    miners,    appeared    in    the    Coeur 
d'Alene    Sun,    oublished    at     Murray,    December    25, 
1886: 

Build  us  a  matchless,  golden  craft  ; 
Rig  it  with  silver  sails; 
On  Fortune's  sea  we  now  sail  free, 
Wafted  bv  favoring  gales. 
Build  us  new  lines  of  travel 
To  quickly  cross  the  plain  ; 
We'll  load  the  cars  with  golden  bars,— 
The  wealth  of  Coeur  d'Alene. 

Erect  for  all  a  stately  hall, 
Where  labor's  sons'  can  rest  ; 
The  old  log  hut  is  now  too  small 

So,  when  at  Christmas  time  we're  found 

But  the  love  of  adventure  and  gain,  forsooth, 
And  the  magic  of  placer  gold? 

13To  this  beautiful  •vrtstera^smd,1"  * 

Smoothing  the  rough  of  the  Rockies'  chain 
For  the  following  pilgrim  band? 
What  peopled  the  West  with  its  sturdy  race, 
But  the  young,  the  brave  and  the  bold, 
Who  quickened  the  world  to  its  greatest  pace, 
Through  the  magic  of  placer  gold? 

SONG  OF  THE  MOUNTAINEER. 

A  life  where  the  mountains  range  highest, 
Close  by  a  snow-crowned  peak, 
Where  the  earth  and  the  sky  approach  nighest, 
And  the  clouds  and  the  world  oft  meet; 
Where  the  winds  through  the  pines  softly  moaning 
The  song  of  its  long  unrest, 
And  the  trees  reply  ever  groaning, 
When  swayed  at  the  gale's  behest. 

Way  up  where  the  cool,  limpid  fountains 
Gush  from  the  towering  crags, 

E  Pureaand°un?iuh?ed°by  ^regs  "  *" 
Where  the  odor  of  balsam  and  heather 

We'll  pass  the  cheering  camp  around 
And  toast  the  Coeur  d'Alene. 

And  vine-tangled  thickets  of  cedar 

A  proverb  never  old  ; 
Ambition  leads  the  miner  on 
When  searching  for^his  gold. 

The  trees  all  aelow  with  its  gleaming 
And  the  crags  all  gilt  to  their  crest. 

"Each'  nerve  and  sinew  strain. 
'Twill  soon  unlock  the  golden  rock 
Concealed  in  Coeur  d'Alene. 

Our  Christmas  carol  sounds  aloud 
The  miner's  just  reward; 

Won  by  his   labor  hard 
Emblems  of  toil  adorn  his  home, 
Where  peace  and  plenty  reign, 
'Tis  decked  with   gold  and  silver  too,— 
The  fruits  of  Coeur  d'Alene. 
-J.  S.  L. 

Charles  Mead,  a  resident  of  Murrav  for  a  number 

And  night  birds  warble  sweet  sonnets, 
Fit  requiem  to  the  night. 

A  home  where  the  deep,  mighty  gorges 
Rend  the  iron-ribbed  cliffs  in  twain, 
And  the  wild,  swirling  flood  ever  forges 
Its  way  to  the  hot,  reeking  plain. 
Way  up  where  the  sky  conies  the  nighest 
And  man  to  his  Maker  draws  near, 
Up  where  the  mountains  range  highest, 
Is  the  song  of  the  mountaineer. 

Lewiston  Teller. 
I  heard  the  tones  of  voices  in  the  night, 

of  years,  contributed  the  following  poems  to  the  Mur- 
ray Sun,  in  which  they  appeared  at  different  times 
during  the  winter  of  1901-02.     They  are  considered 
of  sufficient  worth  to  merit  reprodtiction  in  this  work. 

What  magic  was  there  that  reared  in  a  night 
A  city  of  tents  and  huts, 
And  gashed  the  land  so  fair  to  the  sight 
With  tunnels  and  shafts  and  cuts? 
What  magic  was  there  that  drew  such  a  crowd, 
Undeterred  by  the  heat  or  cold, 
The  rich,  the  poo'r,  the  weak  and  the  proud— 
But  the  magic  of  placer  gold? 

Through  canvons  dark,  abysmally  profound  ; 
But  I  may  not"  repeat  the  words  they  uttered, 
And  I  may  not  repeat  their  whispers  fluttered. 

And  first  said  I,  "It  is  the  river  dashing 
All  fretfully  o'er  hidden,  golden  sands. 
It  is  the  deep-toned  sound  of  sullen  lashing, 

And  waters  whirling  by  the  deep  immersion 
Of  ponderous  boulders  from  some  far  dispersion. 

And  among  the  voices  interluding 
Were  the  strains  of  chanting,  fine  and  far, 
Chiming  of  sweet  bells,  and  then  intruding 
Came  the  voices—  as  a  shooting  star 
Draws  the  attention  from  the  twinkling  mazes 
Of  slow,  moving  stars,  of  one  who  gazes. 

I236 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


Then  said  1,  "It  is  the  pine  tree  whispers, 

Swayed  by   wimK   from  off  yon  heights  of  snow," 

Intonations  where  great  organs  blow, 
Imitate  the  pines  when  sighing,  sighing, 
It  was  not  their  music  dying,  dying. 

And  I  do  love  thee,  mountain  land, 

For  me  thy  scenes  have  something  grand 
In  every  rugged  line; 
For  I  was  born  among  the  hills 

I  heard  the  sound  of  voices  in  the  night; 
And  others  were  calling  ever  near 
Did  make  of  me  their  subject;  left  and  right 
They  talked  above  me,  as  above  a  bier. 
Friends    will    exchange    expressions    of    regretting, 
Recalling  all  good,  the  good  the  rest  forgetting. 

Oh,  it  was  not  the  wail  of  Banshee  weeping, 

With   eager   yelpings    in   their   whirlwinds    sweeping, 
Fortelling  desolation  —  from  the  dead  ! 

To  hail  thee,  Idaho. 

O,  may  thy  children  ever  be 
To  one  another  true, 
And,   blessed   with   peace   and   harmony, 

Thy  star  with  theirs  shall  glow 
And  tell  whm  ;;lory  vet  awaits 
The  youthful    Idaho. 

Perhaps  the  friends  here  lost  to  me  forever, 
Do  gather  in  this  place  without  a  fear 
Of  human  interruption,  for  the  river 
Admits  no  place  of  habitation  near; 

In  no  pioneer  mining  camp  was  there  ever  gathered, 
perhaps,  a  brighter  coterie  of  men  learned  in  the  law 
than  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes.    The  pioneer  lawyers  were 
men  of  exceptional  experience  and  ability  and  not  a 

They  wait  with  songs  when  I  cease  to  wander. 

Perhaps  it  is  determined  I  shall  falter 
And  pause  to  perish  in  the  rugged  land  ; 
That  these  were  sent  to  watch  from  that  high  altar 
Whence  every  soul  receiveth  its  command. 

Who  watch  at  night  and  have  the  dead  in  keeping. 
But,  come  they  hither  to  receive  my  spirit, 

Pan  0°  kVe'csUsv  Pshall'hiS0"  ^ 
And  while  I  linger,  be  it  brief  or  long, 
And  when  'tis  bidden,  they  shall  see  me  dying, 
Ready  and  tranquil,  not  with  tears  and  sighing. 
—  L.  A.  OSBORNE. 
Salmon  River,  Idaho. 

prominence  because  of  their  unusual  abilities.     Few 
new  camps  were  more  widely  or  better  advertised,  and 
the  result  was  that  scores  of  exceptional  men  in  almost 
every  walk  of  life  were  carried  westward  by  the  newly 
constructed   Northern   Pacific  railroad,   drawn  to  the 
new    gold    fields    by   the    irresistible    fascination    that 
placer  gold  possesses. 
As  is  generally  the  case  in  such  places  litigation 
soon  arose,  an  almost  certain  indication  of  a  wealthy 
region,  and  the  services  of  those  who  had  toiled  over 
sinuous,    snow-drifted   mountain   trails   and    carefully 
picked  their  way  through  dense  forests  with  perhaps 
half  a  dozen  law'  books  and  a  few  dozen  sheets  of  fools- 
cap packed  on  their  backs  were  called  upon  to  adiust 
the   differences.     The   Coeur   d'Alene   Sun   says  that 
the  first  litigant  in  the  camp  was  Mark  Coonev,  who 
brought  suit  in  March,  1884,  to  recover  possession  of 
the  Cooney  placer,  near  the  King.     He  was  compelled 

Let  others  sigh  for  orange  groves, 
Where  warmer  sunbeams  shine, 
The  lofty  mountains  freedom  loves 
And  freedom's  choire  is  mine. 
I  sigh  not  for  the  southern  clime 
Where  tropic  roses  blow, 
Give  me  the  pine-clad  hills  sublime, 
The  hills  of  Idaho. 

Here  many  a  crystal  streamlet  clear, 

And  on  its  banks  the  peaceful  deer 
Are  free  and  'fearless  roam; 
And  beautiful  in  evening  still, 
To  mark  the  sunset  glow 
Rest  on  some  distant  snow-crowned  hill 
1'hat  towers  in  Idaho. 

Though  commerce  rears  no  cities  proud, 
Though  wealth  has  here  no  shrine, 
Though  fashion  draws  no  servile  crowd, 
A  prouder  boast  is  thine. 
Thy  sons  are  fearless,  free   and  bold, 
Thy  daughters  pure  as  snow  ; 
For  honor,  truth  and  beauty  hold 
The  homes  of  Idaho. 

to  leave  the  camp  in  search  of  Tudge  Norman  Buck, 
then  judge  of  the  first  judicial  district  of  Idaho  Ter- 
ritory.   This  officer  he  found  at  Lewiston,  and  finally 
prevailed  upon  him  to  hold  a  session  of  court  in  Sho- 
shone  county,  at  Eagle  City.     As  soon  as  the  judge 
could  make  arrangements  he  came  into  the  camp  and 
held  the  session  requested.     Many  cases  were  tried, 
all  of  them  earnestly  contested,  for  legal  talent  was 
plentiful.     Coonev,  it  should  be  said,  won  his  case. 
United  States  Senator  Weldon  B.  Heyburn  was  one 
of  the  first  lawyers  to  locate  in  the  camp  and  none  has 
been  a  more  familiar  figure  in  this  section  since.     He 
has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in 
Shoshone  county  for  twenty  years,  and  has  been  identi- 
fied with  all  the  important  litigation  concerning  min- 
ing titles  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes. 
Speaking  of  his   associates   in  those  earlv   davs, 
many  of  whom  are  still  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes,  Sen- 
ator Hevburn  says: 
"Hon.   William  H.   Claggett  commenced  his  ex- 
perience in  Virginia  City.  Nevada,  in  the  earliest  davs 
of  that  mining  camp.     He  was  an  intimate  acquain- 
tance of  Mark  Twain,  who  was  at  that  time  a  news- 

HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


paper  reporter  at  Virginia  City.  Mr.  Claggett  was 
ambitious  for  the  nomination  to  congress  from  Neva- 
da, but  failed  in  this  desire  and  shortly  after  his  de- 
feat removed  to  Montana,  then  a  portion  of  Idaho. 
The  trip  was  made  in  the  customary  pioneer  manner, 
across  the  plains  and  mountains  in  a  rude  wagon. 
With  him  went  his  family.  In  recognition  of  his  re- 
gard for  the  new  home  he  named  one  of  his  daugh- 
ters Idaho.  He  remained  in  the  portion  afterward  or- 
ganized into  the  state  of  Montana,  and  represented 
that  territory  in  congress.  Failing  of  re-election  he 
next  moved  to  the  Black  Hills  in  Dakota,  where  he 
was  a  candidate  for  congress  against  Judge  Bennett. 
He  was  unable  to  receive  the  party's  endorsement, 
so  ran  as  an  independent  candidate,  with  the  result 
that  he  was  defeated.  Thence  he  came  to  Idaho, 
having  remained  a  short  time  in  Montana,  and  visited 
Colorado  and  Oregon  with  a  view  of  investigating 
the  desirability  of  those  places  as  a  home.  He  reached 
the  Coeur  d'Alenes  in  the  early  days  of  1884  and  was 
identified  with  all  the  heavy  litigation  concerning  the 
mines  in  this  section  for  about  sixteen  years.  In  the 
early  'nineties  he  claimed  election  to  the  United  States 
senate  from  Idaho,  but  was  not  seated.  Again  he  made 
the  contest,  before  a  legislature  composed  of. Demo- 
crats, Populists,  Silver  Republicans  and  one  Republi- 
can. Henry  Heitfeldt  defeated  him,  after  which  his 
life  was  not  an  active  one  because  of  ill  health,  which 
resulted  in  his  death,  during,  the  year  1902,  in  the 
city  of  Spokane. 

"Another  distinguished  member  of  the  bar  in  tht 
pioneer  days  was  Frank  Ganahl,  a  man  of  exceptional 
learning  and  natural  ability.  A  graduate  of  Harvard 
law  school,  he  went  to  California  in  the  early  days, 
and  was  associated  with  the  men  and  events  that  made 
it  famous  in  the  annals  of  mining  and  frontier  life. 
In  the  spring  of  1884  he  came  to  Murray,  Idaho,  and 
was  actively  engaged  as  attorney  in  nearly  all  of  the 
important  litigation  in  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  almost  up 
to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Spokane 
in  1901. 

"Another  of  the  more  prominent  in  the  legal  pro- 
fession was  the  Hon.  A.  E.  Mayhew,  who  came  from 
Montana  to  Idaho  in  the  spring  of  1884.  He  had 
a  long  and  active  career,  politically  .and  professionally, 
in  Montana,  was  a  pioneer  in  Colorado  in  the  Pike's 
Peak  excitement,  and-  an  active  participant  in  the 
troubles  during  the  early  days  of  Kansas.  After  com- 
ing to  the  Coeur  d'Alene  he  immediately  took  a  lead- 
ing place  and  for  eight  years  presided  on  the  district 
bench.  He  still  lives  in  Walalce,  where  he  is  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law. 

"Albert  Allen,  now  a  resident  of  Spokane,  was 
also  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country. 
He  is  a  man  of  keen  legal  ability  and  a  sound  lawyer. 
.  "W.  W.  Woods  was  another  pioneer  lawyer,  com- 
ing from  Salt  Lake  Citv.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  distin- 
guished ability  and  high  personal  character.  Mr. 
Woods  still  practices  law  in  the  Coeur  d'  -\lcnes,  re- 
siding at  Wallace,  the  county  seat. 

"These  are  not  all  of  the  pioneer  lawyers.  Other 
men  of  ability  and  high  character  participated  in  the 


legal  events  of  those  times  and  the  litigation  concern- 
ing titles  to  the  mines  of  the  Coeur  d'Alenes  is  among 
the  most  famous  mining  litigation  with  which  the 
courts  could  have  at  any  time  dealt." 

EARLY    DAYS    IN    MOSCOW. 

The  pioneers  of  Moscow  were  a  busy  people,  but 
an  opportunity  to  "have  fun"  at  anyone's  expense  was 
never  allowed  to  go  unimproved.  When  there  was  a 
lull  in  business,  diversion  in  some  form  was  always 
found.  Illustrative  of  the  manner  in  which  spare  mo. 
ments  were  sometimes  occupied,  the  following  inci- 
dent is  related  by  a  pioneer  of  the  'seventies:  An 
old  man  named  Chapman  lived  in  Moscow,  who  was 
a  constant  drinker.  One  evening  he  had  an  alterca- 
tion in  the  office  of  the  hotel  with  a  barber,  a  recent 
arrival,  who  at  this  time  was  somewhat  under  the  in- 
fluence of  liquor.  Words  came  to  blows  and  in  the 
"'mill"  the  barber  dealt  Chapman  a  blow  on  the  head 
which  stretched  him  on  the  floor.  The  force  of  the  ' 
blow  and  the  effects  of  the  liquor  completely  paralyzed 
Chapman,  and  he  lay  on  the  floor,  to  all  appearances, 
dead.  Some  one  remarked  to  the  barber  that  he  had 
probably  killed  the  old  man.  A  few  moments  later  it 
was  noticed  that  the  barber  had  disappeared,  and  it 
was  supposed  that,  fearing  he  had  killed  Chapman,  he 
had  escaped  from  town  and  had  probably  gone  to  the 

A  doctor  had  been  hastily  summoned  to  examine 
Chapman ;  it  was  found  he  was  breathing,  and  it  was 
decided  that  the  combined  effects  of  the  blow  he  had 
received  on  the  head  and  the  liquor  he  had  been  drink- 
ing had  put  him  in  a  "dead  drunk"  condition,  from 
•.\hich  he  would  in  time  recover.  Chapman  was  put  to 
bed  tip-stairs  and  about  this  time  it  was  accidentally 
discovered  that  the  barber  was  hiding  in  the  garret 
of  the  hotel.  It  was  concluded  to  keep  him  in  ignor- 
ance of  Chapman's  condition  and  a  professed  friend 
made  occasional  trips  to  the  garret,  reporting  the  in- 
jured man's  critical  conditon,  and,  thinking  for  a  joke 
to  keep  the  thoroughly  frightened  barber  all  night 
in  the  garret,  reported  his  victim  gradually  growing 
worse,  and,  about  midnight,  reported  him  dead.  At 
this  the  barber  of  course  became  thoroughly  alarmed. 

In  the  meantime  others  were  being  made  victims 
of  the  practical  jokers.  Chapman  was  regarded  about 
town  as  quite  a  character,  and  his  present  startling  re- 
semblance to  a  corpse  made  it  an  easy  matter  to 
convince  any  one  that  he  was  really  dead.  Word 
was  quietly  sent  out  that  Chapman  had  been  killed  by 
the  barber,  whereupon  men  from  the  business  houses, 
from  the  streets,  and  from  various  resorts,  dropped 
in  to  take  a  look  at  the  corpse.  Late  in  the  evening 
a  number  of  the  callers  were  asked  to  stay  and  "sit 
up"  with  the  body,  which  they  agreed  to  do.  There 
were  several  composing  the  party  of  watchers  and 
among  them  a  man  who  was  not  especially  impressed 
with  the  solemnity  of  the  occasion,  being  at  the  time 
a  little  under  the  influence  of  liquor  himself.  About 
three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  all  were  beginning 
to  get  drowsy  and  were  moving  about  the  room  to  keep 


HISTORY   OF   NORTH   IDAHO. 


awake,  this  man  stepped  up  to  the  bedside,  and,  hold- 
ing a  bottle  of  whiskey  toward  its  occupant,  said: 
"Have  a  drink,  Chap?"  "The  supposedly  dead  man  im- 
mediately arose  to  a  sitting  posture  and  extended  his 
hand  for  the  bottle.  The  consternation  of  the  watch- 
ers can  be  better,  imagined  than  described.  The  bottle 
of  whisky  was  dropped  from  the  nerveless  grasp  of 
the  man  "who  was  offering  it  and  fell  to  the  floor  with 
a  crash,  and  at  the  same  time  there  was  a  mad  rush 
out  of  the  door  and  down  the  stairway.  When  "the 


joke"  was  discovered,  the  victims  accepted  the  situa- 
tion good  naturedly  and  bided  their  time  to  "get  even.'' 
On  repairing  to  the  garret  in  the  morning  to  re- 
lease the  barber  from  his  prison  and  "calm  his  fears," 
lie  could  not  be  found,  and  it  was  afterwards  learned 
that  some  time  during  the  night  he  had  slipped  down 
from  his  hiding  place,  hastily  collected  a  few  per- 
sonal effects,  and  fled  from  town.  He  never  did  come 
back,  and  no  one  ever  knew  how  far  he  ran  or  where 
he  eventually  landed. 


